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QfnrttfU Slam ^rljaol SItbrarg
A TREATISE
ON THE
MEASURE OF DAMAGES
OR
AN INQUIRY INTO THE PRINCIPLES WHICH GOVERN
THE AMOUNT OF PECUNIARY COMPENSATION
AWARDED BY COURTS OF JUSTICE
BY
THEODORE ^DGWICK
AUTHOR OF " A TREATISE ON STATUTORY AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW '
' !!um pro eo quod interest dubitationes antiquffi in infinitum pioductse sint, melius nobis Tiaum
, hujusmodi prolixitatem, prout possibilc est, in angustum coarctare.
Cod. De sent, guw pro eo quod int. prof. lib. vii, tit. xlvii
NINTH EDITION
REVISED, REARRANGED, AND ENLARGED
BY
ARTHUR G. SEDGWICK
AND
JOSEPH H. BEALE
VOL. IV
NEW YORK
BAKER, VOORHIS & CO.
1912
~h ^^y (I^/^Z-^ ^^»H^ Ij
Copyright, 1891, bt
ARTHUR G. SEDGWICK
COPYBIGHT, 1912, BY
ARTHUR GEORGE SEDGWICK
PRESS OF T. MOREV & SON
GREENFIELD, MASS.. U. S. A.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOL. IV
f
VOLUME I
Chapter _ , Page
I. General view ot the subject 1
II. Compensation 42
III. Reduction of the original loss 86
IV. Compensation for injury to a limited interest in property 109
V. Entire and prospective damages 137
VI. Nominal damages 164
VII. Proximate and remote damages 192
VIII. Natural consequences 259
IX. Certain and uncertain damages; profits 317
X. Avoidable consequences. . 385
XI. Replacement 450
XII. Expenses of litigation 463
XIII. The measure and elements of value 489
XIV. Medium of pajrment 529
XV. Interest 551
XVI. Exemplary damages 686
XVII. Liquidated damages 757
VOLUME II
Chapter Page
XVIII. Tortious injuries to personal property 827
XIX. Malicious torts 856
XX. Personal injury. . .• 911
XXI. Actions for the conversion of personal property 944
XXII. Higher intermediate value 991
XXIII. Actions for the recovery of specific personal property 1029
XXIV. Actions against officers 1053
XXV. Actions for the death of a human being 1093
XXVI. Damages in admiralty 1134
XXVII. Damages in actions on contracts 1159
XXVIII. Breach of promise of marriage 1272
XXIX. Contracts of construction 1289
XXX. ImpUed or quasi contracts 1307
XXXI. Contracts of service \ 1339
XXXII. Actions upon bonds 1378
XXXIII. Actions upon negotiable instruments 1465
iii
IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page
XXXIV. ContractB of insurance 1485
XXXV. Actions upon contracts of sale of personal property 1628
XXXVI. Actions upon contracts of indemnity 1638
VOLUME III
Chapter
XXXVII. Actions involving agency 1685
XXXVIII. Actions by and against carriers 1739
XXXIX. Actions against telegraph and telephone companies 1808
XL. Actions for possession of real property 1864
XLI. Wrongful interference with real property 1898
XLII. Actions upon real covenants. . '. 1965
XLIII. Actions between landlord and tenant 2044
XLIV. Actions arising from the sale of real estate 2090
XLV. Set-off and recoupment of damages 2151
XLVI. English statutes of eminent domain 2209
XLVII. Statutes of eminent domain in the United States 2241
XLVIII. The allowance of benefits 2293
XLIX. General considerations under statutes of eminent domain .... 2348
L. Elements of compensation under statutes of eminent domain. 2396
LI. New York statutes of eminent domain 2460
LII. Suits for infringement of patents, copyrights, and trade-marks. 2517
CHAPTER LIII
DAMAGES UNDEE THE CIVIL DAMAGE STATUTES
2561
1247.
Principles on \yhich the stat-
§ 1251.
utes rest.
1252.
1248.
Where death ensues.
1253.
1249.
Means of support.
1254.
1249a.
Injury to property.
1255.
1250.
Other damages.
1256.
Sales by several persons.
Acquiescence a bar.
Avoidable consequences.
Exemplary damages.
Consequential damages.
Mental suffering.
CHAPTER LIV
DAMAGES IN EQUITY . . .
§ 1256a. Allowance of damages by a
court of equity.
1256b. Power of English court of
equity to award damages.
1256c. Damages as incidental relief.
1256d. Damages on failure to obtain
equitable relief.
1256e. No damages where plaintiff
should not have sued in
equity.
.- 2579
Damages granted for the pro-
tection of the defendant.
Taking of an account.
Damages against a trustee for
breach of trust.
Time to which damages are
§ 1256f.
1256g.
1256h.
12561.
1256 j. Damages assessed on legal
principles.
1256k. Interest.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER LV
PLEADING AND PRACTICE 2588
I. — Damages as Affected by the Plaintiff's Pleadings
1257.
Averment of damage.
1258.
Damages beyond amount
laid.
1259.
Method of curing the error.
1260.
Averment of damage not
otherwise material.
1261.
Special damages.
1262.
Prospective damages.
1263.
Exemplary, double and treble
§ 1272.
1273.
1274.
1275.
1276.
1277.
1278.
1279.
1280.
1264. Interest.
Damages upon
overruled.
Upon plea in abatement.
Upon plea to the damage.
Upon default.
Entire or several damages —
Joinder of good and bad
counts.
Judgment when arrested.
Count bad in part.
Joint torts.
Several torts by different de-
fendants in the same suit.
§ 1265.
1266.
1267.
1268.
1269.
1270.
1270a.
1271.
1271a.
II. — Practice
demurrer § 1281.
1282.
1283.
1284.
1285.
1286.
1286a.
1286b.
Special damages — Actions for
injury to real estate.
For breach of contract.
Against carriers.
For injury to personal prop-
erty.
For loss of business.
For personal injury.
Extent of allegation required.
For other torts.
Answers.
Award of arbitrators.
Costs.
Obsolete judgment of "dam-
age clear."
Form of verdict.
Damages as affecting juris-
diction.
Right to begin.
Damages on appeal.
Damages on dissolution of in-
junction.
CHAPTER LVI
EVIDENCE
§ 1287. Mode of proof.
• • •
§ 1294.
1288.
Exceptions to common-law
1295.
rule excluding testimony of
1296.
party.
1289.
Abrogation of common-law
1297.
rule.
1298.
1290.
Witness to testify to facts, not
opinions.
1299.
1291.
Experts.
1300.
1292.
Confined to matters of art and
skill.
1301.
1293.
Opinions as to quantum of
1302.
damages.
1303.
2623
Value — Opinions of value.
Vahie of lands and leases.
Of chattels — Opinions of
value.
Market value.
Evidence of sales.
Offers — Price-lists — Quota-
tions— Appraisals.
Presumption against defend-
ant.
Estoppel.
Value of construction.
Of services.
VI
TABLE OF COl^TENTS
§ 1304. Other value.
1305. Evidence of malice or inten-
tion— Appraisals.
1306. Of the duration of life.
1307. Of pain.
§ 1308. Of a former verdict.
1309. Physical examiination.
1310. Approximate evidence.
1310a. Damage imported from the
circumstances.
CHAPTER LVII
COURT AND JURY
1311.
Relative power of judge and
jury.
§ 1318.
1312.
Analogies of Roman juris-
1318a,
prudence.
1319.
1313.
Formulse.
1314.
Changes wrought by the Em-
pire.
1320.
1315.
Origin and development of
the Anglo-Saxon judicial
1321.
procedure.
1322.
1316.
Former indefinite separation
between province of court
1323.
and of jury.
1317.
Present separation of func-
tions.
1324.
2652
Exemplary damages — Aggra-
vation and mitigation.
Double and treble damages.
Modifications — Setting aside
verdict.
Instructions on questions of
damages.
Effect of erroneous instruc-
tions.
Power of jury to act without
evidence of damages.
Wrong measure of damages
adopted by jury.
Modes of computing damages
allowed the jury.
CHAPTER LVIII
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§ 1325.
Power of court to set aside
verdicts.
§ 1339.
1326.
What damages are excessive.
1340.
1327.
Successive verdicts.
1341.
1328.
Cases in which the court will
1342.
act.
1343.
1329.
Practice.
1330.
Remission of the excess.
1331.
When a remittitur will be en-
1344.
tered.
1345.
1332.
Action of appellate courts on
excessive damages.
1346.
1333.
What amount is excessive.
1347.
1334.
Pecuniary loss.
1348.
1335.
Defamation.
1336.
False imprisonment.
1349.
1337.
Malicious prosecution.
1350.
1338.
Alienation of affections.
1351.
2667
Breach of promise of mar-
riage.
Seduction.
Telegraph companies.
Carriers.
Other malicious torts, or
wrongs causing mental suf-
fering.
Exemplary damages.
Assault and battery.
Physical injury; doubtful
physical consequences.
Slight or temporary injury.
Broken bones: bones of leg
and hip.
Bones of arm or shoulder.
Bones of the trunk.
Bones of the head.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VU
1352.
Surgical operation.
§ 1363.
Other permanent injuries.
1353.
Pain and suffering.
1364.
Doubt as to permanence of
1364.
Permanent injuries: disability
injury.
to labor.
1365.
Loss of service.
1355.
Permanent crippling.
1366.
Civil damage act.
1356.
Loss of a member: leg or foot.
1367.
Damages for death.
1357.
Loss of a member: arm, hand,
1368.
Inadequate damages.
or finger.
1369.
Failure to allow damages
1358.
Disfigurement.
where compensation should
1359.
Impairment of sight or hear-
be given.
ing.
1370.
What damages are inade-
1360.
Nervous disorders.
quate: torts in general.
1361.
Insanity and loss of mental
1371.
Personal injuries.
power.
1372.
Death.
1362.
Shortening of life.
CHAPTER LIX
THE CONFLICT OP LAWS .
§ 1373. General principles.
1374. Actions against telegraph
companies.
1375. Action on a bill or note.
1376. Damages for death.
1377. Rate of interest.
1378. Interest on judgments.
2758
§ 1379. Presumption as to legal rate
of interest.
1380. Exemplary damages.
1381. Liquidated damages.
1382. Medium of payment.
1383. Matters of procedure.
TABLE OP CASES
INDEX . , .
2769
3087
CHAPTER LIU
DAMAGES UNDER THE CIVIL DAMAGE STATUTES
1247.
Principles on which the stat-
§ 1251.
Sales by several persons.
utes rest.
1252.
Acquiescence a bar.
1248.
Where death ensues.
1253.
Avoidable consequences.
1249.
Means of support.
1254.
Exemplary damages.
1249a.
Injury to property.
1255.
Consequential damages.
1250.
Other damages.
1256.
Mental suffering.
§ 1247. Principles on which the statutes rest.
The statutes of many States contain provisions giving dam-
ages against the seller of intoxicating liquors for injuries re-
sulting from their sale. Sometimes the act gives the right of
action to every husband, wife, child, parent, guardian, em-
ployer, or other person, who shall be injured in person, property,
or means of support, against the seller, and also against any
person or persons owning or renting, or permitting the occupa-
tion of any building or premises, and having knowledge that
intoxicating liquors are sold therein, for all damages sustained,
and for exemplary damages; sometimes no action is given
against the person owning the premises on which the liquor is
sold. The statute in New Hampshire gives the right of action
when the liquor has been unlawfully sold; ^ and in Wisconsin
only against a person who has been notified, or requested in
writing, not to part with liquor to a minor or habitual drunk-
ard.^ In Michigan it has been said that the intention of the
statute is that if there has been an injury which the defendant
has contributed to produce, he shall be liable for the whole in-
jury; but that where it appears that the defendant's act in
supplying liquor had no appreciable effect in causing the dam-
age, the jury cannot find for the plaintiff.' In the same State,
a wife suing under the civil damage act cannot show that she
1 Gen. St. 1878, ch. 109, § 33. ' Steele v. Thompson, 42 Mich. 594.
" Sanborn & Berryman's Annot. Stat.
1889, § 1556.
161 2561
2562 DAMAGES UNDER CIVIL DAMAGE STATUTES § 1248
has children, as, under the statute, each child has a separate
action; * and this has been held in Iowa also.^
In Massachusetts a statute * provides that the husband, wife,
parent, child, guardian, or employer of any person having the
habit of drinking to excess, may have a civil action against any
one who sells such person intoxicating liquor after notice not
to do so; and may recover "such sum, not less than $100 nor
more than $500, as may be assessed as damages." The action
under this statute is held to be penal, and hence common-law
rules as to damages cannot in aU respects be apphed to it.'' In
Pennsylvania the language of the statute is that "any one
aggrieved may recover full damages" for "any injury to person
or property." Under this statute it has been held that a father
cannot recover money spent for medical service, nursing, etc.,
in the case of his son, the latter being of full age, and no family
relation subsisting.* In Illinois also the damages must be for
injury to the person, property, or means of support of the
plaintiff; * and since it is impossible to compute actual damages
upon any specific basis, the jury must determine the amoimt
as practical men on the evidence as best they can.^" In a case
in Indiana ^^ evidence was offered in mitigation of damages that
plaintiff had abused her husband on the street, and had as-
saulted him; that at another time she went to defendant's
saloon and attempted to demolish it with a hatchet; and that
during the months when the sales were alleged to have been
made to the husband she would (go downtown and whip her
husband on the way home. But this evidence was held irrele-
vant.
§ 1248. Where death ensues.
Whether damages can be recovered where death has ensued
from the sale of intoxicating liquors has been considered in
several cases, and the courts, even in the same State, have
* Rosecrants v. Shoemaker, 60 Mich. ' Veon v. Creaton, 138 Pa. 48, 20
4, 26 N. W. 794. Atl. 865.
' Huggins V. Kavanagh, 52 la. 368, ' Kellerman v. Arnold, 71 HI. 632.
3 N. W. 409. w Brown v. Butler, 66 111. App. 86.
« R. L. 1902, c. 100, § S3. " Gough v. State, 32 Ind. App. 22,
' Sackett v. Ruder, 152 Mass. 397, 25 68 N. E. 1043.
N. E. 736,
§ 1248 WHEEE DEATH ENSUES 2563
sometimes arrived at opposite conclusions. In Hayes v.
Phelan,^^ where the plaintiff's husband died from intoxication,
it was held in an action against the seller of the liquors that
"injured" in the statute meant a legal injury; that the object
of the action was to allow a recovery against the remote wrong-
doer: to wit, the seller of the liquor, in addition to the action
against the immediate wrongdoer, and that there could only
be an action against the seller, where an action existed against
such a wrongdoer, and that hence there could be none in this
case. In Jackson v. Brookins,^' where the plaintiff's husband
was killed in an affray while intoxicated, it was held that she
could recover damages resulting from the death. In Quain
V. Russell " the same view was adopted; while in Brookmire
V. Monaghan ^^ the opposite view was taken. The Court of Ap-
peals has, however, held, in the case of Volans v. Owen," that
a new cause of action is given by the statute, and that an action
against the seller can be maintained for injury to the means of
support, although no other action would lie. The same view
has been taken in Illinois; " and so, too, in Nebraska.'* But
the rule, that the plaintiff cannot recover damages for the
death of her husband arising from the sale of intoxicating
liquors, is adopted in a case in Ohio," where the same view of
the statute is taken, as in the opinion of the majority of the
court in Hayes v. Phelan, above cited. Mcllvaine, J., in deliv-
ering the opinion of the court, says :
"She had an interest in his labor, and in his capacity to labor,
as a means of support, during his life; but after his death this
means of support no longer existed, and was not the subject of
injiu-y or diminution. But to avoid any charge of hypercriti-
cism, we place our decision upon the ground that in view of the
previous state of the law, and the mischief sought to be rem-
12 4 Hun, 733; but see dissenting Am. Rep. 409, 2 N. W. 715. The fact
opinion in this case of James, J., re- that property of deceased came to
ported in 5 Hun, 335. plaintiff at his death does not mitigate
" 5 Hun, 530. the damages. Houston v. Gran, 38
» 8 Hun, 319. Neb. 687, 57 N. W. 403.
" 15 Hun, 16. " Davis v. Justice, 31 Oh. St. 359, 27
•* 74 N. Y. 526; ace, Davis v. Stand- Am. Rep. 514; ace, Kirchner v. Myers,
ish, 26 Hun, 608. 35 Oh. St. 85, 35 Am. Rep. 589. And
" Emory v. Addis, 71 111. 273. see Pegram v. Stortz, 31 W. Va. 220,
" Roose V. Perkins, 9 Neb. 304, 31 6 S. E. 486.
2564 DAMAGES UNDER CIVIL DAMAGE STATUTES § 1248
edied, we can find no expression in the statute that indicates
an intention on the part of the legislature to bring the loss of
labor caused by the death of the person intoxicated within the
meaning of the term 'means of support,' for an injury to which
the right of action is given by the statute." ^°
But see dissenting opinion of Boynton, J., in this case, re-
ferred to below. The question is not without difficulty, owing
to the absence from the statute of a provision expressly covering
injuries resulting from death. It is said, however, with much
force, that the statute does not define or enumerate the injuries
intended to be covered, but mentions generally injuries to per-
son, property, or means of support in consequence of the in-
toxication of any person, and that if death ensues as the natural
and legitimate result of the intoxication, it is covered by the
language of the statute; that if death were excluded, then the
minor and temporary injuries would be provided for, while the
greatest and most permanent of all would be excluded.^' It is
true, that at common law, in actions for wrongs, a recovery
could only be had for injuries to person or property. But the
question naturally arises, whether the legislative intent of the
statute under consideration was not to go beyond the common-
law rule, and provide a remedy for injuries produced by in-
toxication to the means of support of the injured party, whether
the injury arose from a temporary cause, such as sickness, or
from a permanent cause, such as death. This view is taken by
James, J., in the dissenting opinion in Hayes v. Phelan, and is
very ably maintained by Boynton, J., in the dissenting opinion
in Davis v. Justice. The learned judge regards the construction
given to the statute by the majority of the court as violating
both its letter and spirit, and that its provisions clearly indicate
a purpose, on the part of the legislature, to require the seller
and the owner of the premises, when liable, to make full and
adequate compensation in damages to the party injured
through their violation of the statute. He says:
"The argument of counsel . . . and the judgment of the
*> Davis V. Justice, 31 Oh. St. 359, the death should have been in the con-
364, 27 Am. Rep. 514. templation of the seller; but it is enough
" Jackson v. Brookins, 5 Hun, 530; if the proximate cause is the selling,
in New York it is not necessary that Davis v. Standish, 26 Hun, 608.
§ 1249 MEANS OF strppORT 2565
court seem to be founded on the mistaken notion that the action
is brought to recover damages for the death of the husband.
Such is not the case. The wrongful act which constitutes the
ground of the action, is the illegal sale of the hquor, causing the
intoxication from which the injury results. The death of the
husband only affects the measure of damages. It destroys his
ability to labor, and thereby diminishes the wife's means of sup-
port. If the husband had lost both his arms or legs, or become
permanently insane, in consequence of the intoxication, or had
otherwise become permanently disabled to perform physical
labor, and had survived, the result to the wife would have been
precisely the same. Her injury, in either case, would consist in
the deprivation of the means of support resulting from the loss
of her husband's ability to labor. There is not the slightest
foundation, in reason or justice, for an intention upon the part
of the legislature to authorize a recovery for an illegal sale
causing intoxication resulting in injury, where death does not
follow, and to refuse damages where death results. Indeed,
there is much more reason to award damages for the injury in
the latter case than in the former. That the legislature in-
tended to authorize a recovery in the one case, and not in the
other, is an assumption not only not warranted by, but in clear
contravention of the express provisions of the statute." ^^
Where damages for death of a husband caused by the sale of
intoxicating liquors were allowed, it was held that the jury
might estimate the damages, with reference to the fact that it
is the duty of the husband to provide the wife with present
support, as well as maintenance for the future, and that she is
entitled to such a sum as, in a pecuniary point of view, would
make her whole. ^'
§ 1249. Means of support.
The plaintiff may recover for an injury to her means of sup-
port from any cause. ^^ The damages are primarily the differ-
22 Davis V. Justice, 31 Oh. St. 359, in estimating the damages where death
369, 27 Am. Rep. 514. has ensued.
2' Rafferty v. Buckman, 46 la. 195. " Indiana: Nelson v. Hunter, 32
See also Roose ». Perkins, 9 Neb. 304, Ind. App. 88, 69 N. E. 298.
2 N. W. 715, 31 Am. Rep. 409, for a Michigan: Thomas v. Dansby, 74
statement of the facts to be considered Mich. 398, 41 N. W. 1088; Bowden v.
2566 DAMAGES UNDER CIVIL DAMAOE SfATOTES | 1249
ence in the earnings devoted to plaintiff's support, ^^ and the
plaintiff may therefore show what the means of support were,^*
as for instance a wife may show the occupation and business
capacity of her husband. =' In Mulford v. Clewell,^* the plain-
tiff's husband was an habitual drunkard. He squandered his
own money, sold some of her property, and became unable
to work. At times he was wild and delirious, and she was
obUged to attend him, and had been put in much fear, and
finally compelled to leave the house. It was held that it was
not necessary that the plaintiff should have been actually
without support, or at any time have been deprived, in whole
or in part, of means of support; that means of support relates
to the future as well as to the present; that it is enough if she
show that the sources of her future support have been cut off, or
diminished below what is reasonable and competent for a per-
son in her station in life, and below what they otherwise would
have been. It was also held, that it need not appear that the
injury resulted directly and immediately from the drunken-
ness, during its continuance, but sufficient if it be shown to
result from insanity, sickness, or inabihty produced by intoxi-
cation; that to destroy the health of the husband, and his abil-
ity to labor, is to destroy her means of support. In Dunlavey
V. Watson ^' it was held proper for the jury, in awarding dam-
ages to the wife, to consider the husband's age, condition in
life, and habits of industry, and ability to support his wife, and,
in Wightman v. Devere,^" where the plaintiff's husband, while
intoxicated, had a fall and was injured so that he was unable to
do his work on the farm, and the plaintiff had to hire another
Voorheis, 135 Mich. 648, 98 N. W. " Thomas v. Dansby, 74 Mich. 398,
406. 41 N. W. 1088.
Nebraska: Gorey e. Kelly, 64 Neb. '^ Illinois: Mayers v. Smith, 121 111.
605, 90 N. W. 554; Keehng v. Pommer, 442, 13 N. E. 216.
83 Neb. 510, 120 N. W. 155. Michigan: Manzer v. Phillips, 139
New Ycrrk: Bemiett v. Levi, 19 N. Y. Mich. 61, 102 N. W. 292.
Supp. 226. 27 Jackson v. Noble, 54 la. 641, 7
Ohio: Schneider v. Hosier, 21 Oh. St. N. W. 88.
98; Mulford v. Clewell, 21 Oh. St. 191. ^ 21 Ohio St. 191.
So a wife may show that while her "^ 38 la. 398; ace., Buck v. Maddock,
husband was absent drinking she sup- 167 111. 219, 47 N. E. 208.
ported herself in part by her own labor, '" 33 Wis. 570, 14 Am. Rep. 775.
and received aid from the county. Fox
V. Wunderlich, 64 la. 187, 20 N. W. 7.
§ 1249 MEAi^s OF stJppCRT 2567
man to do the work, and had to pay the doctor's bills, it was
held that the husband's ability to labor was one of the plaintiff's
means of support, and that an injury to this would entitle her
to recover; that, also, the physician's bill and the expenses
of hiring a man to work, were proper items of claim under the
statute. But in Kellerman v. Arnold," where the plaintiff's
husband had been an habitual drunkard for years before the
passage of the act, and when sober could earn $3 to $5 a day,
but when drunk would spend all his earnings for drink, and had
pawned several articles to defendant for drink, it was held,
three judges dissenting, that the plaintiff had shown no injury
to property, person, or means of support. And in Meidel
V. Anthis,'^ where the husband supported his family by the
cultivation of land, and the evidence showed that the plaintiff
spent her time in nursing' and taking care of her husband,
but there was no evidence of a diminution of the capacity of the
husband to labor, it was held that the plaintiff was not entitled
to recover; In Volans v. Owen,*' the defendant sold Uquor to
the plaintiff's son who became intoxicated, was injm-ed, and was
confined to his bed for several months. The only evidence of
the plaintiff's pecuniary condition was that he owned and cul-
tivated a farm of 100 acres. He was put to medical expense and
was deprived of the aid his son usually gave him on the farm.
It was held, that there was no evidence of injury to the plain-
tiff's means of support. The court said :
"Where injury to 'means of support' is the gravamen of the,
action, the plaintiff, in order to maintain the action, must show
that, by or in consequence of the intoxication or the acts of the
intoxicated person, his accustomed means of maintenance have
been cut off or curtailed, or that he has been reduced to a state
of dependence, by being deprived of the support which he
had before enjoyed; and, in this case, the plaintiff cannot re-
cover for loss of service or the expenses of his son's illness,
under the words 'means of support,' without proof that the
services were necessary to his support, or that the charge
brought upon him, by his son's illness, diminished his means,
" 71 HI. 632. 337. For construction of term "means
'271 111. 241. of support" in the statute, see, also,
»» 74 N. Y. 526, 530, 30 Am. Rep. Schneider v. Hosier, 21 Oh. St. 98.
2568 DAMAGES UNDER CIVIL DAMAGE STATUTES § 1249
SO as to render them inadequate therefor. The primary pur-
pose of the legislature, in giving a right of action for an injury of
this character, was the protection of the dependent and helpless.
Diminution of income, or loss of property, does not constitute
an injury to means of support, within the fair intendment of
the statute, if the plaintiff, notwithstanding, has adequate
means of maintenance, from accumulated capital or property,
or his remaining income is sufficient for his support."
In Weitz v. Ewen '^ it was held that the jury might consider
what the earnings of the husband would have been if sober.
In Sharpley v. Brown '^ it was held that the remarriage of the
plaintiff might be shown as bearing on the means of support.
Generally speaking, these statutes are for the benefit of mar-
ried women and children. In Michigan, where a father volun-
tarily assumed the support of an adult son, as a poor person
(under a statute), it was held that he might recover imder the
civil damage act, for his outlay in necessary support, based
on the probabilities of life of his son and himseff.'® Where the
gist of the action is injury to the means of support, evidence
is usually admissible as to the amount necessary for such sup-
port under ordinary circumstances.'^ In such actions the fact
that the plaintiff was previously a sober and industrious man,
and afterwards became idle and neglected his work, is proper
for the consideration of the jury.'^ Where the action is simply
for the injury to the wife's means of support, it is error to allow
evidence as to the number of children.''
The probable length of life of the deceased may be shown.'"'
Generally speaking, in these actions resort may be had to the
tables in common use, showing the expectation of life.*^ In
Michigan it has been held that although plaintiff's husband
had been a dnmkard for ten years and contributed nothing
" 50 la. 34. »8 Jockers v. Borgman, 29 Kan. 109,
» 43 Hun, 374. 44 Am. Rep. 625.
" Clinton v. Laning, 61 Mich. 355, " Larzelere v. Kirchgessner, 73 Mich.
28 N. W. 125. 276, 41 N. W. 488; Johnson v. Schvdtz,
" Illinois: McMahon v. Sankey, 133 74 Mich. 75, 41 N. W. 865.
lU. 636, 24 N. E. 1026. " Betting v. Hobbett, 142 Dl. 72,
Iowa: Thill v. Pohlman, 76 la. 638, 30 N. E. 1048.
41 N. W. 385. " Sellars v. Foster, 27 Neb. 118.
Nebraska: Warrick r'. Rounds, 17
Xcb. 411.
§§ 1249a, 1250 other damages 2569
to her support, still she is entitled at least to the amount of
his earnings spent in liquor." Plaintiff is however not en-
titled to all the earnings her husband would have made if the
defendant had not sold him liquor. She is entitled only to
what she would have received, so far as was suitable to her
station and situation in Ufe.*' If by reason of the husband's
wealth or otherwise his wife is provided with reasonable sup-
port, she cannot recover for loss of support simply because
he neglects his business or earns less money and so is not pos-
sessed of as large means as he otherwise would be.*^
§ 1249a. Injury to property.
Where the compensation is for injury to property, prospec-
tive damages are allowed, and include expenses of medicines
and medical attendance, the necessity of doing additional labor,
and almost every species of pecuniary damage. ^^
§ 1260. Other damages.
The cases in which damages are given for injuries other than
to means of support consequent upon the intoxication of the
person doing the injury, illustrate the general rule that the meas-
ure of damages depends upon the extent of the injury. Thus,
in Bertholf v. O'Reilly,^* the son of the plaintiff, on a Sunday,
took the plaintiff's horse, saying that he was going to see
a friend, but instead went directly to the defendant's place
and became intoxicated there, and, being in such a state, drove
the horse so violently that it died. It was held that he could
recover the value of the horse. In Morenus v. Crawford ^' it was
held that plaintiff, a married woman, could recover, under the
civil damage act, for a horse belonging to her, killed by her
husband while intoxicated. In Aldrick v. Sager,^* where the de-
fendant sold liquor to the son-in-law of the plaintiff, who be-
" Rouse V. Melsheimer, 82 Mich. 172. Nebraska: Keeling v. Pommer, 83
" McNetton v. Herb, 158 Mich. 525, Neb. 610, 120 N. W. 155.
123 N. W. 17. Wigcmsin: Wightman v. Devere, 33
" Confrey v. Stark, 73 III. 187. Wis. 570.
« lUinma: McEvoy v. Humphrey, « 8 Hun, 16; aff'd 74 N. Y. 509, 3
77 111. 388 (see Coleman v. People, 78 Am. Rep. 323.
111. App. 210). "51 Hun, 89.
Michigan: Thomas v. Dansby, 74 " 9 Hun, 537.
Mich. 398, 41 N. W, 1088.
2570 iDAilAGES UNDEB CIVIL bAMAGE STATUTES § 1251
came intoxicated thereby, and in consequence thereof drove a
team behind which he and the plaintiff's wife were riding, so
recklessly as to upset the wagon and break the wife's arm, it
was held that the husband was entitled to recover for the loss
of her service and the expense of medical attendance. In
Kilburn v. Coe,^^ where the plaintiff's intestate was an habitual
drunkard, and the defendant sold him Uquor, it was held that
an action could be maintained to recover money paid for the
hquor, as one of the consequences of the sale was to deprive
the purchaser of the price paid. In Peterson v. Knoble,^"
where plaintiff's husband became intoxicated from Uquor
sold by the defendant, and by threatening and frightening
the plaintiff, compelled her to leave the house and remain
away until he became sober, it was held that turning the plain-
tiff out of doors was an injury for which an action could be
maintained by her.
The plaintiff may recover compensation for the subsequent
thriftless career of the victim, and his becoming an habitual
drunkard, and being unable to obtain employment; " and the
costs and expenses of actions, both civil and criminal, brought
against the victim in consequence of his drinking may also be
recovered.'^
§ 1251. Sales by several persons.
The question of the liability, under the statute, of several
persons for the result of injuries done by a person intoxicated
on liquor purchased from them, has also come before the courts,
and, in Boyd v. Watt,^' where the plaintiff's husband was
a practicing physician, and became an habitual drunkard,
and died from the effects: it was held, that the defendant
was only liable for his own illegal acts, but that this was an
action for damages on account of habitual intoxication, not
'^ 48 How. Pr. 144. But see Mc- It has, however, been held that the
Netton V. Herb, 158 Mich. 525, 123 trouble and discomfort the intoxicated
N. W. 17. person afterwards found in doing his
'» 35 Wis. 80. work is not cause for compensation.
'* Kansas: Jockers v. Borgman, 29 Borgasen v. Eklund, 96 111. App. 443.
Kan. 109, 44 Am. Rep. 625. " Wesnieski v. Vanek (Neb.), 99
Nebraska: Stahnka v. Kreitle, 66 N. W. 258.
Neb. 829, 92 N. W. 1042. '•' 27 Oh. St. 259.
§ 1261 Sales by several peiis6ns S57l
for special cases of intoxication. That if defendant's course
was one which tended to produce this, he was Uable for all
damages, although others may have contributed. That he was
one of the joint tort-feasers, and the fact that no conspiracy or
agreement existed between the tort-feasors did not make any
difference; each was liable for all damages. In Woolheather
V. Risley ^* it was held that the fact that defendant was aided
by others in committing a wrong, and did not do it solely,
would not relieve him from the consequences of that wrong,
if he contributed to the intoxication. In Jewett v. Wanshura,^^
where several persons had sold intoxicating liquors to the
husband, a settlement by the wife with one of them, it was held,
did not operate to discharge the others from Uability; but, in
Morenus v. Crawford,^* where the plaintiff brought an action
against the defendants to recover the value of a horse belonging
to her separate estate, which was killed by her husband while
intoxicated on Uquors purchased from the defendants, it was
held that no recovery could be had on evidence of separate
sales.
On the other hand, in Iowa, it seems to be now settled that
where there are a series of sales a joint action will not lie, and
the defendant is not Uable for damages to which he did not
contribute. '' In Massachusetts it has been held that, in an
action for causing intoxication, the defendant is liable for any
results of intoxication, although the liquor sold by the defend-
ant contributed only in part to the intoxication; but he is not
Uable for the formation of habits of intoxication where other
parties sold Uquor.** The present Nebraska statute makes
every one who contributes to the intoxication Uable. ^' Under
" 38 la. 486. la. 486. Where, however, the suit is
" 43 la. 574. based on a single intoxication, all who
^ 15 Hun, 45. contributed to it are liable. Faivre v.
"Huggins V. Kavanagh, 52 la. 368; Manderschied, 117 la. 724, 90 N. W.
Jackson v. Noble, 54 la. 641; ace, 76.
Kirchner v. Myera, 35 Oh. St. 85, 35 '» Bryant v. Tidgewell, 133 Mass. 86.
Am. Rep. 598; Ennis v. Shiley, 47 la. " Kerkow v. Bauer, 15 Neb. 150;
552; Engleken v. Webber, 47 la. 558; Elshire v. Schuyler, 15 Neb. 561; Jones
Kearney v. Fitzgerald, 43 la. 580; v. Bates, 26 Neb. 693, 42 N. W. 753.
Hitchner v. Ehlers, 44 la. 40; La France But the fact that the husband drank to
V. Krayer, 42 la. 143; Flint v. Gauer, excess in other saloons before defend-
66 la. 696; Richmond v. Shickler, 57 ant sold him liquor may be shown to
2572 DAMAGES TTNDER CIVIL DAMAGE STATUTES § 1252
the Kansas statute each seller is responsible.*" Where a sale
of liquor throws a man back into habits of intoxication which
he had abandoned the plaintiff may recover for the consequent
loss of support."
§ 1252. Acquiescence a bar.
Acquiescence by the persons seeking to recover in the obtain-
ing of Uquor for the person doing the injury, or in uniting with
him in drinking, or permitting him to drink, when the party
bringing the action might have interposed and prevented, are
held sufficient to bar a recovery under the statute.®^ Thus, in
Engleken v. Hilger *^ it was held that the wife could not recover
damages from the seller of intoxicating liquors for injuries
conmiitted by her husband upon herself, while he was intoxi-
cated, if she has contributed to his intoxication by purchasing
the liquor, or joining with him in drinking it. In Reget v.
Bell,** the plaintiff's husband, who was a hard-working man,
subject to occasional fits of intemperance, but who treated her
kindly at all times, bought a jug of whiskey and put it by his
bedside one night, and in the morning it was nearly all gone.
He died from the effects of the liquor; and it was held that,
from the testimony, it was plain that the plaintiff could have
taken the whiskey away from her husband; and, from the
evidence as to character, it would not do for her to say she was
afraid, but she must be considered to have been a willing party
to her husband's conduct, and, therefore, could not recover.
But where the acquiescence of the wife is attended with cir-
cumstances which justify the conclusion that she acted under
the coercion of her husband, her acquiescence in the sale of the
liquor to him will be no defence. Thus, in Jewett v. Wan-
shura,®^ where the plaintiff forbade the defendant to sell liquor
to her husband, but a day or two thereafter the plaintiff and
affect the amount of recovery. Uld- 58 N. W. 476, evidence that plaintiff
rich V. Gilmore, 35 Neb. 288, 53 N. W. had herself furnished her husband with
135. liquor was allowed in mitigation.
6° Jockers v. Borgman, 29 Kan. 109, " 43 la. 563; ace, McDonald v.
44 Am. Rep. 625. Casey, 84 Mich. 505, 47 N. W. 1104
"Selders v. Brothers, 88 Neb. 61, (semble).
129 N. W. 170. " 77 111. 593. See, also, Kearney t;.
62 Elliott V. Barry, 34 Hun, 129. In Fitzgerald, 43 la. 580.
Cramer t. Danielson, 99 Mich. 531, 6* ,43 la. 574.
§§ 1253, 1254 EXEMPLAEY DAMAGES 2573
her husband went to the defendant's saloon, and counter-
manded her previous order, and the plaintiff proved that she
was compelled to retract her order by the threats of her husband
that he would abandon her and take her child from her; al-
though knowledge of these threats was not brought home to
the defendant, it was held that there was a reasonable inference
to be drawn from the conduct of the plaintiff, that she acted
under restraint, and that the defendant was therefore liable.
The act of a married woman in signing a petition for defend-
ant's license as a seller does not operate as a bar; it is no ac-
quiescence in his subsequently injuring her by a violation of
the act.^^
§ 1253. Avoidable consequences.
As acquiescence is a bar, so no doubt the rule of avoidable
consequences applies. The remarks of the Supreme Court of
Nebraska, in Warrick v. Rounds,^^ on this subject only go to
show that the rule was not applicable under the circumstances
under consideration.
§ 1264. Exemplary damages.
Exemplary damages may be recovered under the statute; ''
but, as in all cases, they can only be recovered where actual
damages are sustained.^' And where the defendant's servant,
«« Jockers v. Borgman, 29 Kan. 109, Ante, § 377a.
44 Am. Rep. 625. In Nebraska, in accordance with the
" 17 Neb. 411. doctrine there held, exemplary dam-
*' Illinois: Lowry v. Coster, 91 111. ages are not allowed without express
182; Wolfe v. Johnson, 152 111. 280, 38 statutory provision to that effect.
N. E. 886; Beckerle v. Brandon, 229 Roose v. Perkins, 9 Neb. 304, 2 N. W.
111. 180, 82 N. E. 283, affirming 133 111. 715, 31 Am. Rep. 409.
App. 114. In Michigan the term exemplary
Maine: Campbell v. Harmon, 96 Me. damages means increased damages on
87, 51 Atl. 801. account of mental suffering. Boydan
Michigan: Theisen v. Johns, 72 v. Haberstumpf, 129 Mich. 137, 88 N.
Mich. 285, 40 N. W. 727. W. 386.
Ohio: Bean v. Green, 33 Oh. St. 444. «' Illinois: Freese v. Tripp, 70 111.
West Virginia: Mayer v. Frobe, 40 496; McEvoy v. Humphrey, 77 111. 388;
W. Va. 246, 22 S. E. 58 (overruling McMahon v. Sankey, 133 111. 636, 24
Pegram v. Stortz, 31 W. Va. 220, 6 S. E. N. E. 1027; Kennedy v. Sullivan, 136
485); McMaster v. Dyer, 44 W. Va. 111. 94, 26 N. E. 382; Meidel v. Anthis,
644, 29 S. E. 1016. 71 111. 241; Fentz v. Meadows, 72 111.
2574 DAMAGES UNDER CIVIL DAMAGE STATUTES § 1254
in disobedience of his master's order, sold liquor to the plain-
tiff's husband, who became intoxicated, and thereby the
plaintiff was injured in her means of support, it was held that
the court below should have instructed the jiuy that exempkry
damages could not be awarded, unless the act of giving or
selling intoxicating liquor to the husband of the plaintiff was
wilful.'" To the same effect see Ganssly v. Perkins.'^ It is also
held that the defendant can show, in mitigation of exemplary
damages, that the liquor was sold by his servant in disobedience
of his order.'^
In New York, where the statute expressly allows exemplary
damages, the fact that the defendant was selling liquor without
a license may be considered as a basis for exemplary damages.^'
The ordinary common-law rules govern the allowance of ex-
emplary damages, and malice or some bad motive or evil intent
or gross negligence, must be shown.'* In Secor v. Taylor,'* the
court says that if half a dozen actions are brought for the single
act of permitting lessees to sell, the defendant should at least
be entitled to have any prior judgments for exemplary damages
brought before the jury, in order that they may know how
much punishment has already been inflicted. In Ketcham v.
Fox '8 it was held that a lessor, in the absence of any evidence
to show that he had knowledge of the circumstances under
540; Graham w. Fulford, 73 111. 596; Al- "Fentz v. Meadows, 72 111. 540;
brecht v. Walker, 73 111. 69; Neu v. Mc- Freeze v. Tripp, 70 111. 496. In Ne-
Kechnie, 95 111. 632. braska it is held that no exemplary
Iowa: Weitz v. Ewen, 50 la. 34; Fox damages can be given. Roose v. Per-
V. Wunderlich, 64 la. 187, 20 N. W. 7. kins, 9 Neb. 304, 31 Am. Rep. 409.
Causing the plaintiff's husband to use " Davis v. Standish, 26 Hun, 608.
threatening language, etc., is not a '* Illinois: Kellerman v. Arnold, 71
ground for exemplary damages. Callo- 111. 632; Kadgin v. Miller, 13 LI. App.
way V. Laydon, 47 la. 456, 29 Am. Rep. 474.
489. Michigan: Larzelere v. Kirchgessner,
Maine: Gilmore v. Mathews, 67 Me. 73 Mich. 276, 41 N. W. 488.
517. New York: Reid v. Terwilliger, 116
Michigan: Ganssly v. Perkins, 30 N. Y. 530, 22 N. E. 1091; RawUns v.
Mich. 492; Rouse v. Melsheimer, 82 Vidvard, 34 Hun, 205.
Mich. 172, 46 N. W. 372; Rosecrants v. Wisconsin: Wightman v. Devere,
Shoemaker, 60 Mich. 4. 33 Wis. 570.
New York: Mead v. Stratton, 87 'Ml Hun, 123; c/. Reid ». Terwilliger,
N. Y. 493, 41 Am. Rep. 386. 42 Hun, 310.
" Kreiter v. Nichols, 28 Mich. 496. « 52 Hun, 284.
" 30 Mich. 492.
§ 1255 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 2575
which the liquor was sold, was not liable in exemplary damages.
It is held in Iowa that exemplary damages may be recovered
wherever there has been a wilful violation of the statute."
Exemplary damages are awarded on account of the mis-
conduct of the defendant. Hence, where the evidence showed
that the plaintiff notified defendant not to sell any more liquor
to her husband, he being an habitual drunkard, and his habits
being necessarily known to defendant, it was held that the case
came within the rule.'* On the other hand, it is erroneous to
require the jury to find exemplary damages if they find actual
damages. This is for the jury to determine under proper in-
structions." In Indiana, where the act is punishable crimi-
nally, exemplary damages are not allowed.'"
In an action on a liquor-dealer's bond, since the action
sounds in contract, exemplary damages cannot be recovered.*^
§ 1265. Consequential damages.
The question what damages are remote from the wrongful
sale of liquor, in an action upon the Civil Damage Act, is a
question which is not always decided as strictly as at common-
law. The court often allows recovery for injuries which in
ordinary cases would be regarded as remote; though of course
if no connection whatever can be shown between the intoxica-
tion and the injury a recovery will not be allowed.*^ Thus, in
a case in Illinois, where an habitual drunkard was killed while
in a state of intoxication, and his wife brought a joint action
" Fox V. Wunderlich, 64 la. 187, 20 '» Schafer v. Smith, 63 Ind. 226;
N. W. 7; Miller t>. Hammers, 93 la. 746, Koerner v. Oberly, 56 Ind. 284, 26
61 N. W. 1087. Am. Rep. 34.
So in Ohio: Schneider v. Hosier, 21 " Illinois: Cobb v. People, 84 III.
Oh. St. 98. 511.
™ Joekers v. Borgman, 29 Kan. 109, Iowa: Richmond v. Shickler, 57 la.
44 Am. Rep. 625. In Michigan, it 486, 10 N. W. 882.
seems, a mere notice not to sell is South Dakota: Garrigan «. Thompson,
enough. Larzelere v. Kirchgessner, 73 17 S. D. 132, 95 N. W. 294.
Mich. 276, 41 N. W. 488; Rouse v. Ante, § 683.
Melsheimer, 82 Mich. 172, 46 N. W. ^^ Illinois: McMahon v. Sankey, 133
372. 111. 636, 24 N. E. 1027.
" Illinois: Tetzner v. Naughton, 12 Indiana: Mulcahey v. Givens, 115
III. App. 148; Schimmelfenig v. DoUr Ind. 286.
ovan, 13 111. App. 47. Michigan: Steele v. Thompson, 42
But see Imva: Thill v. Pohlman, 76 Mich. 594.
la. 638, 41 N. W. 385.
2576 DAMAGES UNDER CIVIL DAMAGE STATUTES § 1255
against certain persons who sold him liquor on the day of his
death, and others who were charged with causing the habit of
intoxication, it was held that the latter could not be charged,
the sales on the day of his death being an intervening cause.*'
Where the intoxication causes illness or insanity, the de-
fendant is Uable for it;** thus illness caused by exposure to the
elements as a result of the intoxication is chargeable to the
defendant.*^ On the other hand, it has been held that where
money was taken by thieves from the drunkard while he was
helpless from intoxication it could not be recovered from the
defendant.*®
Where the person who has become intoxicated on liquor
furnished by defendant starts home in a vehicle and because
of his intoxication he falls out of the wagon *^ or his horse runs
away,** the defendant is liable for the resulting injury. But
where the intoxicated person lay down in bottom of his wagon
going home and a barrel rolled on him and killed him, it was
held too remote.** So if, while on his way home, the intoxicated
person is drowned by a freshet *• or run over by a train *^ the
defendant has been held responsible. Where after being made
drunk by the defendant, he made an attack upon a neighbor's
house, and was killed, this result was held too remote for com-
pensation.*^ When he made an assault, this was held remote; *'
and a fortiori his imprisonment, as a result of such assault has
been held remote.** But in a New York case, the plaintiff
alleged that her husband had been made intoxicated through
8' Tetzner v. Naughton, 12 ID. App. " Illinois: Schroder ». Crawford, 94
148; cf. Murphy i;. Curran, 24 111. App. Bl. 357, 34 Am. Rep. 236.
475. Massachusetts: McNary v. Black-
s' Mulford V. Qewell, 21 Oh. St. bum, 180 Mass. 141, 61 X. E. 885.
191. Contra, Indiana: Collier v. Early, 54
«5 Nelson v. Hunter, 32 Ind. App. 88, Ind. 559.
69 N. E. 298. « Schmidt v. MitcheU, 84 lU. 195,
" Gage V. Harvey, 66 Ark. 68, 48 25 Am. Rep. 446. And so where he
S. W; 898. was injured in an assault upon a third
s' Mead v. Stratton, 87 N. Y. 493, party. Currier v. McKee, 99 Me. 364,
41 Am. Rep. 386. 59 Atl. 442.
Thinlap v. Wagner, 85 Ind. 529, "Swinfin v. Lowiy, 37 Minn. 345,
44 Am. E«p. 42; Mulcahey v. Givens, 34 N. W. 22; contra, where the assault
115 Ind. 286, 17 N. E. 598. was on the wife. Minot v. Doherty,
» Krach v. Heihnan, 53 Ind. 517. 203 Mass. 37, 89 X. E. 188.
" Hackett v. Smelsley, 77 Rl. 109. " Bradford v. Boley, 167 Pa. 506,
§ 1255 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 2577
the defendant's selling to him; that while so intoxicated he
shot and killed one B, and was thereupon tried and convicted,
and sent to prison for life. Under these circumstances it was
held that his wife could recover for deprivation of means of
support.*'
The deceased, having become intoxicated, got into a quarrel,
went with his opponent for some distance into a vacant lot and
there fought him, and while they were fighting, somebody
shouted "police," whereupon the drunken man ran away into
another lot and there fell into a hole and was killed. It was
held that this was not the proximate consequence of the sale of
liquor. If he had injured himself while going home along the
highway or had been rxm over by a train on his way home, or
if he had been injured by a person whom he had assaulted, that
might be proximate, but this was not.^
On the other hand, where as a result of drinking the drinker
committed suicide, this was held proximate to the sale.*^ And
in an extreme case where the plaintiff's husband while intoxi-
cated sold her personal property she was allowed to recover its
value.* But where plaintiff was following her husband to see
where he obtained his liquor and as he came out of defendant's
saloon in order to get out of his sight she hurried and sUpped on
the sidewalk and was injured, it was held not the proximate
consequence of her husband's intoxication.'* But where the
defendant, in violation of a statute, sold hquor to a slave, who
died of drunkeimess and exposure, the jury held the death to
be the natural result of the defendant's act, and he was there-
fore obhged to give compensation for it.^*
31 Atl. 751. Or where he was im- wife while drunk and committed sui-
prisoned for burglary committed while dde).
intoxicated. Dennison v. Van Wonner, South Dakota: Garrigan v. Kennedy,
107 Mich. 461, 65 X. W. 274. 19 S. Dak. 11, 101 N. W. 1081 (com-
'* Beere o. Walhizer, 43 Hun, 254; mitted suicide after becoming sober).
ace., Homire ». Halfman, 156 Ind. 470, * Mulfoid v. aewell, 21 Oh. St. 191.
60 X. E. 164. So where the intoxication deprived the
» Boach V. Kelly, 194 Pa. 24, 44 Atl. drunkard's son of school books. Stratt-
1090, 75 Am. St. Rep. 685. man v. Moore, 134 HI. App. 275.
" Iowa: BistUne v. Ney, 134 la. 172, " Johnson v. Drummond, 16 111.
Ill N. W. 422, 13 L. R. A. (X. S.) 1158. App. 641.
New York: Xeu v. McKechnie, 95 ™ Harrison v. Berkeley, 1 Strohb.
N. Y. 632, 47 Am. Rep. 89 OdUed his (S. C.) L. 525, 47 Am. Dec. 578.
162
2578 DAMAGES UNDER CIVIL DAMAGE STATUTES § 1256
The attempt has been made in Georgia, which has no civil
damage statute, to apply the principle of these acts to the
statute allowing a recovery for death caused by crime, or
"criminal or other negligence." But the court not being able
to find the necessary causal connection between the act of
furnishing to a third person, and the death of the plaintiff,
refused to hold the defendant liable, i" In New York it seems
to be settled that when death ensues, the question is not
whether the death was the natural, reasonable, or probable
consequence of defendant's act, but it was enough if intoxica-
tion, caused in whole or in part by liquors sold by the defend-
ant, was the cause of the death, if by reason thereof plaintiff's
means of support were injuriously affected. ^"^
§ 1256. Mental suffering.
It is clearly settled that mental suffering is not a ground for.
the recovery of damages, under the statute, where by its terms
the recovery is confined to cases of injury to person or prop-
gj-^yios g^j^ ^Yie statute may be broader than this. Thus, in
Michigan, it covers any injury, and accordingly in that State
it has been held that it would be a "mockery of justice" to ex-
clude evidence of mental anguish, disgrace, and loss of society
and companionship in the case of a married woman; i"* but
this is confined to shame, mortification, and grief arising from
the intoxication itself and not grief from an injury received
by the intoxicated person.'"^
>" Belding v. Johnson, 86 Ga. 177, 12 Iowa: Kearney v. Fitzgerald, 43 la.
S. E. 304. 580; Calloway v. Laydon, 47 la. 456, 29
"2 New York: Beers v. Walhizer, 43 Am. Rep. 489; Jackson v. Noble, 54 la.
Hun, 254; Blatz v. Rohrbach, 42 Hun, 641, 7 N. W. 88.
402; Volans v. Owen, 74 N. Y. 529, 30 Ohio: Mulford v. Clewell, 21 Oh. St.
Am. Rep. 337; Mead v. Stratton, 87 191.
N. Y. 496, 41 Am. Rep. 386; Neu v. i»^ Friend v. Dunks, 37 Mich. 25;
McKechnie, 95 N. Y. 636; McCarty v. Johnson v. Schultz, 74 Mich. 75, 41
WeUs, 51 Hun, 172; s. c. 4 N. Y. Supp. N. W. 865; Radley v. Seider, 99 Mich.
672. 431, 58 N. W. 366; Lucker v. Liske, 111
'»3 Illinois: Freeze v. Tripp, 70 111. Mich. 683, 70 N. W. 421. See Clmton
496; Meidel v. Anthis, 71 111. 241; w. Laning, 61 Mich. 355, 28 N. W. 125.
Brantigan v. While, 73 111. 561. '»5 sissing v. Beach, 99 Mich. 439, 58
Indiana: Koemer v. Oberly, 56 Ind. N. W. 364.
284.
CHAPTER LIV
DAMAGES IN EQUITY
§ 1256a. Allowance of damages by a § 1256f. Damages granted for the pro-
court of equity. tection of the defendant.
1256b. Power of English court of 1256g. Taking of an account.
equity to award damages. 1256h. Damages against a trustee for
1256c. Damages as incidental relief. breach of trust.
1256d. Damages on failure to obtain 1256i. Time to which damages are
equitable relief.
1256e. No damages where plaintiff 1256]. Damages assessed on legal
should not have sued in principles,
equity. 1256k. Interest.
§ 1256a. Allowance of damages by a court of equity.
A court of equity will not in general grant relief by the allow-
ance of damages. It is a general principle of the equity juris-
diction that it will not be afforded when there is an adequate
remedy at law, and as a court of law is peculiarly competent to
give a judgment for money damages, it is very seldom the
case that a court of equity can be called upon to grant pecun-
iary compensation. The fact that in equity relief is adminis-
tered without trial by jury, makes it peculiarly important that
its jurisdiction should not be extended and that wherever a
court of law has complete power to do justice, the court of
equity should not by its interference deprive the defendant of
the benefit of jury trial. ^ Where, as is now often the case, the
same court administers both legal and equitable relief, this
argument has become less important, as it is always in the
power of the court to have the issue tried by jury even though
it arises in the course of a suit asking for equitable relief.^
§ 1256b. Power of English court of equity to award damages.
While the granting of damages in equity is not commonly
•Woodman v. Freeman, 25 Me. 531. Co., '56 App. Div. 9, 67 N. Y. Supp.
2 See McNutty o. Mt. Morris E. L. 395.
2579
2580 DAMAGES IN EQUITY § 1256b
provided, it is nevertheless entirely within the power of the
court to administer relief in this form. As early as the reign
of Richard II., the chancellor was given power by statute to
award damages in his discretion.' Modern legislation in Eng-
land ^ provides that in all cases in which the Court of Chancery
has jurisdiction to entertain an application for an injunction
against a breach of any contract, covenant, or agreement, or
against the commission or continuance of any wrongful act,
or for the specific performance of any contract, covenant, or
agreement, it shall be lawful for the same court, if it think fit,
to award damages to the party injured, either in addition to
or substitution for such injunction or specific performance, and
that such damages may be assessed by a jury,, or before the
court itself, as it shall think fit.^ But under this act, it was held
by Wood, V. C, that the court will not award damages in ad-
dition to a decree for specific performance where it does not
appear that the plaintiff has sustained any special injury.^
Nor, after making a decree for specific performance, can it add
an order assessing damages for the breach of the covenant.^
Nor can it award the damages unless there is an agreement
capable of being specifically performed.* In cases where, under
this statute, the court, instead of granting an injunction against
interference with the complainanf^s right, may give compensa-
tion, the compensation is given once for all; it cannot be given,
as in an action at law, toties quoties.^ It is questionable whether,
even under the codes of practice in the American States,
comprehensive as they are, such a jurisdiction could be exer-
cised as that conferred by this English legislation,'" which was
continued and even increased under the Judicature Act.''
3 10 Rich. 2. 9 Stokes v. The City Offices Co., 13
< 21 and 22 Vict., c. 27 (Sir Hugh L. T. R. 81.
Cairns' Act). i»See Troy v. Clarke, 30 Cal. 419.
' See Durell v. Pritchard, L. R. 1 Ch. Where courts of equity exercise juris-
244. diction to assess damages, as in tlie
' Chinnock v. Marchioness of Ely, case of a wrongful taking and deten-
2 H. & M. 220. tion of property, they will give neither
' Corporation of Hythe v. East, L. R. vindictive nor speculative damages,
1 Eq. 620. but compensation only. Sanders v.
' Lewers v. Earl of Shaftesbury, L. R. Anderson, 10 Rich. Eq. 232.
2 Eq. 270; Ferguson v. Wilson, L. R. " Sayera v. CoUyer, 28 Ch. D. 107.
2 Ch. 77.
§§ 1256c, 1256d failure to obtain equitable relief 2581
§ 1266c. Damages as incidental relief.
When equity has taken jurisdiction of a bill either for the
restraiat Of a trespass, nuisance or other tort, or for the specific
performance of a contract, and has granted the relief sought, it
wiU commonly go on and do complete justice between the par-
ties by giving damages for the tort or breach, rather then send
the plaintiff back to a coiu-t of law, where he must go to the
trouble and expense of another suit, merely to obtain in the end
damages which it is entirely within the power of the court of
equity to grant in the original suit.'^ It may of course happen
that the injunction or decree for performance will of itself give
complete relief, without the award of damages.^'
§ 1266d. Damages on failure to obtain equitable relief.
Where a bill is filed for equitable reUef and for some reason
the court is unable or unwilling to grant the relief sought, it
may nevertheless under some circumstances retain the biU
for the purpose of granting damages rather than compel the
plaintiff to bring a second action at law in order to obtain the
damages which he is entitled to seek. This will always be done
where the failm-e to obtain equitable reUef is due to the fault of
the defendant, by putting it out of his own power, after the trial
begins, to grant the relief sought.^* "It is well settled . . .
that when a defendant in a biU in equity disenables himself,
pending the suit, to comply with an order for specific rehef,
the court will proceed to afford reUef by way of compelling
compensation to be made, and for this purpose will retain the
bill and determine the amount of such compensation, although
its nature and measure are precisely the same as the party would
otherwise recover as damages in an action at law." ^' So where
a bill was brought to enjoin town ofl&cers from removing the
plaintiff's building and obHterating his boundaries and pend-
" Pomeroy, Eq., § 237. See Atlantic New York: O'Beime v. Bullis, 80
& C. A. L. Ry. V. Victor Mfg. Co., 79 Hun, 570, 30 X. Y. Supp. 588.
S. C. 266, 60 S. E. 675. Vermont: Hazen v. Lyndonville Bank,
" Cochrane v. Justice Min. Co., 4 70 Vt. 543, 41 Atl. 1046, 67 Am. St.
Colo. App. 234, 35 Pac. 752. Rep. 680.
" New Hampshire: State v. Sunapee Pomeroy, Eq., § 237, n. 3.
Dam Co., 72 N. H. 114, 55 Atl. 899. " Milkman v. Oidway, 106 Mass.
232.
^582 DAMAGES IN EQUITY § 1256e
ing the suit the town officers replied that they had ah-eady, since
the filing of the bill, removed the building and graded down the
lot, the court refused to dismiss the bill, but retained it for the
assessment of damages. ^^
If the court finds it impossible to grant the equitable reUef
not because the defendant has disabled himself during the
progress of the suit, but for some other reason unknown to the
plaintiff at the time he filed his biU, the court wiU not m general
punish the plaintiff for his ignorance or lack of foresight by
compelling him to go to a court of law for reUef , but since he is
without fault, although it cannot grant the relief sought, it
will give him damages. Thus, where by reason of defect of
title, or for any other reason existing before suit brought, but
unknown to the plaintiff, the court is imable to grant specific
performance of a contract or injunction against a tort, it wiU
nevertheless retain the bill and give damages.'^ And so, where,
by reason of the expiration of the plaintiff's lease pending the
suit, the court was imable to grant him the relief sought, he was
allowed relief by way of damages, i*
§ 1266e. No damages where plaintiff should not have sued
in equity.
If the circumstances are such that the plaintiff should not
have brought his suit in equity, but have gone originally to the
court of law, equity will not retain the bill to award damages
even though on the face of the bill a proper case for the exercise
of equitable jm-isdiction is made out. In an old EngUsh case the
plaintiff brought a bUl to have an account of satisfaction for
waste. The bill was brought after the defendant had assigned
the term. Lord Hardwick said: "The ground of coming into
this court is to stay the waste and not by way of satisfaction for
the damages, but by way of prevention of the wrong, which
coiu-ts of law cannot do in those instances where a prohibition of
waste will not strictly lie; but in all these cases this court has
gone further merely upon the maxim of preventing multiplicity
of suits, which is the reason that determines this court in many
i« Lewis V. North Kingstown, 16 R. I. 91 N. E. 555; Pomeroy, Eq., § 237, n. 3.
15, 11 Atl. 173, 27 Am. St. Rep. Ante, § 1021.
724. 18 Case v. Minot, 158 Mass. 577, 33
" Stewart v. Joyce, 205 Mass. 371, N. E. 700, 22 L. R. A. 636.
§ 1256f PROTECTION OF THE DEPENDANT 2583
cases; . . . but nothing would tend to greater vexation than
to admit of such bills as of the present after the term is at
an end." " So where the plaintiff knows before he files his
bill that the equitable relief which he asks is impossible, or that
the only relief he can get is damages, the bill will be dismissed
and no damages will be granted.^ So where equitable relief
is refused because of the plaintiff's own fault or laches, the court
will not ordinarily retain the bill in order to grant legal relief
by way of damages. Thus, where the plaintiff asked for the
specific performance of a contract to convey land, but the court
refused to grant specific performance on the ground that the
consideration was inadequate, it being considerably less than
half the value of the land, the court not only refused to grant
the relief sought, but dismissed the bill without giving dam-
ages. ^^
§ 1256f . Damages granted for the protection of the defendant.
Where the defendant is not really in fault, although it is not
a case where the plaintiff on his own claims would be entitled
to rehef by way of damages, the court of equity may grant such
reUef as part of a general equitable settlement of the contro-
versy. It is by this method that the New York courts have
often granted complete compensation in the litigation arising
out of the running of elevated railroads through the streets. ^^
So where a city by the establishment of driven wells and pump-
ing stations continuously caused injuries to the plaintiff through
the drying up of a water course, and the absorption of under-
ground waters, thereby injuring the plaintiff's farm, and it
appeared that the city was acting in a proper manner authorized
by law, it was held that the court should not grant a permanent
injunction, since the controversy ought to be settled by com-
pelling the defendant to make full compensation in money to
the plaintiffs; and the court therefore assessed the amount of
" Jesus College v. Bloom, 3 Atk. " Cummings v. Roeth, 10 Cal. App.
262. 144, 101 Pac. 434.
2» New York: Ellis v. Salmon, 57 " Lynch v. Metropolitan E. R. R.,
App. Div. 118, 67 N. Y. Supp. 1025. 129 N. Y. 274, 29 N. E. 315, 15 L. R. A.
A^ort^ Dafcoto; Knudtson n. Robinson, 287, 26 Am. St. Rep. 523; American
18 N. D. 12, 118 N. W. 1051. B. N. Co. v. New York E. R. R., 129
Pomeroy, Eq., § 237, n. 3. N. Y. 252, 29 N. E. 302; ante, § 1196.
2584 DAMAGES IN EQUITY § 1256g
compensation and ordered the defendants to pay it and the
plaintiffs to grant a release, in order that the entire controversy-
might be closed up in a single suit.^' So where the plaintiff
sued for an injunction against a dam maintained by the de-
fendant under the mistaken beHef that he had obtained the
right to do so by eminent domain proceedings, and it appeared
that the plaintiff had permitted the dam to be built and main-
tained for some time, the court refused to abate the damage
on account of plaintiff's laches, but in order to close up the
controversy it granted pecuniary damages.^* The real ground
for these decisions is not any claim of the plaintiff's to have his
damages assessed in the action. The court is acting out of
regard for the defendant's rights fully as much as for the
plaintiff's. In the language of Gray, J., in Westphal v. City of
New York, 2^ "By coming in and submitting the matters in
controversy between them and the defendant to a court of
equity, the plaintiffs consented to the exercise of a jurisdiction
which is plenary and unfettered in administering that full
relief which will settle the controversy upon just principles.
The plaintiffs renounced the right to pursue their remedy at
law for the injuries suffered, and brought the matter on the
equity side of the court, whereby it gained jurisdiction generally
to adjust the disputes of the parties finally."
§ 1266g. Taking of an account.
In many branches of equity jurisdiction the court orders
the taking of an account as a part of the relief administered.
This, however, is not in any way the administering of damages
for a wrong, but is merely ascertaining the state of the mutual
rights of parties. Thus, in actions for the settlement of part-
nership affairs or in suits for the redemption of mortgages, the
court will settle the accounts between parties and make a
decree for the payment of the balance. ^^ So in the case of a
complicated account the court of equity may grant a decree
for an accounting against fiduciaries or other accountable
parties." This, as has been said, is in no sense the allowance
23 Westphal v. New York, 177 N. Y. =6 177 n. y. 140, 69 N. E. 369.
140, 69 N. E. 369. " Pomeroy, Eq., §§ 1190, 1421.
" Miller v. Comwell, 71 Mich. 270, !' Pomeroy, Eq., §§ 1420 et seq.
38 N. W. 912.
§§ 1256h, 12561 time to which damages are assessed 2585
of damage for the wrong and lies outside the scope of this work
and we shall therefore not discuss the subject at greater length.
§ 1256h. Damages against a trustee for breach of trust.
A suit against a trustee is within the exclusive jurisdiction of
equity and the relief administered is ordinarily a decree for an
account. Where this is the case, the principles of the law of
damages have no place. In case, however, of a conveyance by
the trustee to a purchaser for value without notice, the cestui
que trust may complain of the conveyance as a wrong to him and
seek damages for it, or he may seek relief by way of an account-
ing. In no case is he entitled to damages in a court of law since
the relation is not there recognized. Even, therefore, if he com-
plains of the wrong done him and seeks for damages, he must
do it in the court of equity. If he seeks an accounting merely,
the trustee will be obliged to account for the amount received
by him for the trust property. If, however, the plaintiff seeks
damages for the wrong, he will be entitled to recover from the
trustee the value of the property disposed of at the time the
trustee transferred it, without regard to the amount received
by the trustee upon the sale of it,^^ or, at his option, the amount
received, with interest.^*
§ 12561. Time to which damages are assessed.
Since the purpose of equity in granting damages as partial
or entire relief is to close up the entire controversy, the damages
^ New Jersey: General Proprietors v. beneficiary may, if he choose, demand
Force, 72 N. J. Eq. 56, 68 Atl. 914. the property, or its value at a later
Rhode Island: Manville Covering time. Bell v. Bell, 20 Ga. 250. As for
Co. v.Babcock, 28R. 1. 496, 68 Atl. 421. instance at the time suit is brought.
Texas: Boothe v. Feist, 80 Tex. 141, Mixon v. Miles (Tex. Civ. App.), 46
15 S. W. 799, 19 S. W. 398; Silliman S. W. 105.
V. Gano, 90 Tex. 637, 39 S. W. 559, 40 If no damages can be proved, be-
S. W. 391; see Mixon v. Miles, 92 Tex. cause liens on the property equalled
318, 47 S. W. 966. its value, nominal damages only can
Virginia: Norman v. Cunningham, be recovered. Thoman v. Mills, 159
5 Gratt. 63. Mich. 402, 124 N. W. 33.
The price at which the trustee sold '^ California: Clapp v. Vatcher, 9
may be taken as the value, in the ab- Cal. App. 462, 99 Pac. 549.
sence of other evidence. Cross v. Cross, New Jersey: General Proprietors v.
4 Gratt. 257. Force, 72 N. J. Eq. 66, 68 Atl. 914.
Since the trustee is a fiduciary, the
2586 DAMAGES IN EQUITY § 1256J
granted by the court in the case of a continuing injury will be
brought down to the date of the decree, since otherwise the
court could not by its decree prevent the necessity of a resort
to an action at law to get a part of the reUef to which the plain-
tiff is entitled. »»
§ 1266J. Damages assessed on legal principles.
In Stewart v. Joyce " a bill was brought to set aside as
fraudulent a sale and transfer of stock by the plaintiff to the
defendant. Before the bill was filed the stock had been trans-
ferred to a purchaser for value, but under the circumstances
the court retained the bill and gave relief by way of dam-
ages. The plaintiff claimed that the damages should be assessed
as of the date of filing or of the final decree. The defendant
contended that damages should be given as of the time of the
original transfer; and the court so held. The case, the court
said, was one for the assessment of damages pm-ely. The
failure to obtain the relief for which the plaintiff came into
equity had no effect in enhancing the damages which he would
otherwise have been entitled to recover, or in other words,
equity in granting damages measures them by the same rules
which prevail at law. In equity the plaintiff could have the
sale set aside and the stock returned to him so far as it was
within the power of the defendant to return it; but if that is
not possible, and the court having jurisdiction of the cause
proceeds to assess the damages instead of compelhng him to
bring an action at law, the rule of damages is and must be the
same in one court as in another. The court then considered
the case of Fowle v. Ward,^^ where one under a contract obliga-
tion to keep the plaintiff's shares in his hands disposed of them
wrongfully, and the court allowed as damages the sum which
would enable the plaintiff to replace the shares the defendant
had disposed of. The court said, however, that in this case at
bar the defendant was not bound to have the stock in his
hands when the bill was brought, or at any other time until the
™ New York: John D. Park & Sons South Carolina: Southern Ry. v.
Co. V. Hubbard, 134 App. Div. 468, Gossett, 79 S. C. 372, 60 S. E. 956.
119 N. Y. Supp. 347. " 205 Mass. 371, 91 N. E. 555.
'2 113 Mass. 548, 18 Am. Rep. 534.
§ 1256k INTEREST ^587
plaintiff elected to avoid the sale, and defendant could right-
fully sell and dispose of the stock to an innocent purchaser.
The court also said that the case differed from cases relating
to specific performance, "even if we assume that in case of a
partial or total inability to perform the damages would be
assessed as of the date of the bringing of the bill or of the entry
of the final decree of which there may be some doubt."
The court added that if the defendant had disabled himself
from convejang the stock by a sale after the bill was brought,
a different rule might be apphed; having evidently in mind the
fact that in that case it would have become the duty of the
defendant to retain the stock in his hands for the plaintiff's
benefit, and in that case the damages, either at law or in
equity, would be based on the higher value of the stock at the
time when the defendant should have restored it.
§ 1266k. Interest.
The general principles upon which interest is allowed by way
of damages as a compensation for non-payment of money,
appear to be the same at equity as in law. So upon a bill for
an accoimting it was laid down by the Supreme Court of the
United States '' that if the defendant has in his possession and
control the means of determining the amount of his indebted-
ness he should ascertain it, and tender the amount due, even
though the complainant may have considered himself entitled
to an account, and to a greater sum as balance due him than
was actually found to be due; and if the defendant does not
make such a tender he becomes Uable for interest. This is
based on the general principle — which the coiirt seems to regard
as equally apphcable to suits at law or in equity — that one who
has had the use of money owing to another should pay interest
on it from the time when the payment should have been made.
'» Spalding v. Mason, 161 U. S. 375, whole subject of the allowance of in-
395, 16 Sup. Ct. 592, 40 L. ed. 739; terest see the opinion of Putnam, J.,
Crescent Mfg. Co. v. Wabash Mfg. Co., in Nashua & Lowell R. R. v. Boston &
151 U. S. 317, 323, 14 Sup. Ct. 348, Lowell R. R., 61 Fed. 237, 21 U. S.
38 L. ed. 177; Sturm v. Boker, 150 U. S. App. 50, a case in which it was allowed
312, 342, 14 Sup. Ct. 99, 37 L. ed. from the filing of the bill.
1093. For an elaborate review of the
CHAPTER LV
PLEADING AND PRACTICE
I. — Damages as Affected by the Plaintiff's Pleadings
Averment of damage.
Damages beyond amount
laid.
Method of curing the error.
Averment of damage not
otherwise material.
Special damages.
Prospective damages.
Exemplary, double and treble
1257.
1258.
1259.
1260.
1261.
1262.
1263.
1264. Interest.
§ 1265. Special damages — ^Actions for
injury to real estate.
1266. For breach of contract.
1267. Against carriers.
1268. For injury to personal prop-
erty.
1269. For loss of business.
1270. For personal injury.
1270a. Extent of allegation required.
1271. For other torts.
1271a. Answers.
§ 1272.
1273.
1274.
1275.
1276.
1277.
1278.
1279.
1280.
II. — Practice
Damages upon demurrer § 1281.
overruled. 1282.
Upon plea in abatement. 1283.
Upon plea to the damage.
Upon default. 1284.
Entire or several damages — 1285.
Joinder of good and bad
counts. 1286.
Judgment when arrested. 1286a.
Count bad in part. 1286b.
Joint torts.
Several torts by different de-
fendants in the same suit.
Award of arbitrators.
Costs. •
Obsolete judgment of "dam-
age clear."
Form of verdict.
Damages as affecting juris-
diction.
Right to begin.
Damages on appeal.
Damages on dissolution of in-
junction.
§ 1257. Averment of damage.
* The most important remark to be made on this part of our
subject, is as to the necessity of distinctly averring in the
declaration the damage of which the plaintiff complains. Great
nicety was once used in regard to the peculiar mode of allega-
tion; thus, it has been doubted whether an averment was
sufl&ciently clear and positive if preceded by the word "where-
by," or "thereupon," on the ground that the words following
the "whereby" or "thereupon" could not be considered as
2588
§ 1257 AVEEMENT OP DAMAGE 2589
containing an averment oi matter of fact, but merely matter
of conclusion or inference drawn from the matters previously
alleged. But it now seems to be well settled, that where the
allegation following such a word as "thereupon" or "where-
by" is clearly intended as an allegation of fact, the matter is to
be considered averred with sufficient directness; the word
"thereupon" or "whereby" not being understood as showing
that the proposition following such word is intended to be
stated as a consequence deducible from what precedes, but only
as showing the time at which, or the occasion on which, that
which follows the word in question is averred to have taken
place. ^ But if the averment is merely one of a legal hability,
it is well estabhshed that such an averment, being one of mat-
ter of law, will not supply the want of those allegations of fact
from which alone the court could infer the law to be as stated;
so that such allegation is useless when the declaration is in-
sufficient, and superfluous when sufficient without it. But
the allegation of damage is only required to be of the fact as it
exists in legal contemplation. ^ So an allegation that the
plaintiff has been put to great expense, will be satisfied by
proof that he has incurred a liability to pay;' ** though an al-
legation that the plaintiff has paid money will not be satisfied
by such proof.*
The amount of damage is to be stated generally; ° and if
there is a general statement of damage this will justify re-
covery though none of the items of special damage are proved.^
If, however, the only damage stated is special damage, upon
' Pryce v. Belcher, 3 C. B. 58; Brown El. Ry. v. Sierra (Tex. Civ. App.), 109
V. Mallett, 6 C. B. 599. S. W. 986.
' But this rule of the common-law England: Piitohet v. Boevey, 1 Cr. &
practice is changed by the new codes M. 775; Jones v. Lewis, 9 Dowl. Pr. 143.
of procedure, which require the state- But see contra, Standard D. & D. Co.
ment of the actual facts, and not merely v. Hill, 166 Fed. 99, 92 C. C. A. 83.
the averment of their legal effect. ' International & G. N. R. R. v.
Garvey v. Fowler, 4 Sandf. 665. Crusetumer, 44 Tex. Civ. App. 181,
' Richardson v. Chasen, 10 Q. B. 98 S. W. 423. If the amount is left
756. blank, nothing can be recovered. Lex-
* Minnesota: Ward v. Haws, 5 Minn, ington Ry. v. Britton, 130 Ky. 676, 114
440. S. W. 295.
Texas: Texas S. L. Ry. v. Patton 'Harrison v. Ai-gyle Co., 128 App.
(Tex. Civ. App.), 96 S. W. 774; El Paso Div. 81, 112 N. Y. Supp. 477.
2590
PLEADING AND PRACTICE
§1258
failure to prove any item of special damage, nothing can be re-
covered on account of general damage.^ In some states it is
not necessary to allege more than the amount of damages
claimed,* while in others the items making up the general
damages must be separately valued.' Such matters of local
practice cannot be profitably dealt with in a general work.
§ 1258. Damages beyond amount laid.
* In regard to the amount of damages to be averred, it is
only necessary to lay them so high as to cover the injury; for
no recovery can be had beyond the amount in the declaration.**
If the jury assess the damages at a sum beyond the amount
laid in the declaration, and judgment be entered for the whole
amount of damages found by the jury, it is error. ^" In Vir-
' Christophulos Cafe Co. v. Phillips,
4 Ga. App. 819, 62 S. E. 562; see
Wright V. Smith, 128 Ga. 432, 57 S. E.
684.
'Sherlag v. Kelley, 200 Mass. 232,
86 N. E. 293.
' Harrington v. Stromberg-MuUins
Co., 29 Mont. 157, 74 Pac. 413 (value
of property converted).
1" Arkansas: White v. Cannada, 25
Ark. 41; Snow v. Grace, 25 Ark. 570.
California: Clark v. San Francisco &
S. J. V. Ry., 142 Cal. 614, 76 Pac. 507.
Colorado: Wilcox v. Field, 1 Colo. 3.
Illinois: Walcott v. Holcomb, 24 111.
331; Pierson v. Finney, 37 111. 29, 87
Am. Dec. 233; Kelley v. Third Nat.
Bank, 64 111. 541.
Indiana: Epperly v. Little, 6 Ind.
344; Hall v. Hall, 42 Ind. 585.
Iowa: David v. Conard, 1 Greene,
336; Cameron v. Boyle, 2 Greene, 154.
Kentucky: Edwards v. Wiester, 2
A. K. Marsh. 382; Rowan v. Lee, 3 J. J.
Marsh. 97; South Covington & C. Ry.
V. Raymer, 132 Ky. 187, 116 S. W. 281.
Louisiana: W. W. Carre & Co. v.
Masse, 113 La. 608, 37 So. 530.
Maryland: Attrill v. Patterson, 58
Md. 226.
New Hampshire: Taylor v. Jones, 42
N. H. 25.
New Jersey: Hawk v. Anderson, 9
N. J. L. 319; Lake v. Merrill, 10 N. J. L.
288.
New York: Curtiss v. Lawrence, 17
Johns. Ill; Dox v. Dey, 3 Wend. 356,
20 Am. Dec. 702; Fish v. Dodge, 4
Denio, 311; Cohen v. Wittemann, 100
App. Div. 338, 91 N. Y. Supp. 493.
North Carolina: Grist ti. Hodges, 3
Dev. L. 198, 203.
Pennsylvania: Lantz v. Frey, 19 Pa.
366.
Tennessee: Fowlkes v. Webber, 8
Humph. 530.
Texas: Moore v. Republic, 1 Tex.
563.
England: Hoblins v. Kimble, 1 Bulst.
49; Cheveley v. Morris, 2 W. Black.
1300.
So, on a counterclaim. Annis v.
Upton, 66 Barb. 370.
It has been held in Missouri to be
error not to instruct the jury that the
damages are limited to the amount
claimed. Spohn v. Missouri Pac. Ry.,
116 Mo. 617, 22 S. W. 690.
But in Calumet I. & S. Co. v. Martin,
115 111. 358, it was held error to instruct
the jury that they must not give dam-
ages above the ad damnum.
So where a certain amount of exem-
plary damages is claimed, no more
§§ 1259, 1260 AVERMENT NOT OTHERWISE MATERIAL 2591
ginia and West Virginia judgment may exceed the amount
averred by the amount of interest accrued since the fiUng of the
declaration."
In an action of replevin, however, the damages claimed in
the writ are damages for detention; and the amount awarded
as the value of the goods, upon the plaintiff's election to take
such value, is not limited by the ad damnum.^'^ Where double
damages are claimed, the actual damage is Umited by the ad
damnum, but the double damages may be given in addition. ^^
§ 1259. Method of curing the error.
If the jury render a verdict in excess of the amount averred
to be due, the plaintiff may remit the excess before judgment
without order of court, ^* but after judgment he cannot enter a
remittitur without permission. ^^ After judgment the court
may give the plaintiff his election between entering a remittitur
of the excess and retrying the case.^^
§ 1260. Averment of damage not otherwise material.
* It was anciently held, both in actions of indebitatus as-
sumpsit and insimul computassent, that the plaintiff could not
recover any less amount of damages than the precise sum laid
in the declaration." But it is now well settled otherwise: and
thus, even in an action on a poUcy of insurance averring a
total loss, a recovery may be had for a partial loss.^* ** This
can be recovered. Gregory v. Coleman, New Jersey: Herbert v. Hardenbergh,
3 Tex. Civ. App. 166, 22 S. W. 181. 10 N. J. L. 222.
" Virginia: Cahill v. Pintony, 4 New York: Coming v. Coming, 6
Munf. 371. N. Y. 97; Droege v. Intemrban St. Ry.,
West Virginia: Enoch v. Mining & P. 91 N. Y. Supp. 71.
Co., 23 W. Va. 314. Canada: Wilde v. Crow, 10 Up. Can.
12 Anderson v. Carlin, 24 Fla. 199. C. P. 406.
" Rosevelt v. Hanold, 65 Mich. 414. In Connecticut: it was held that a
" Maryland: Harris v. Jaffray, 3 H. remittitur could not be entered, but the
& J. 543. case must go back to trial upon the
Virginia: Cahill v. Pintony, 4 Munf. question of damages only. Davenport
371. «. Bradley, 4 Conn. 309.
1* Davenport v. Bradley, 4 Conn. 309. " Sayer on Damages, oh. x, pp. 43 et
1" Maryland: Lewis v. Cooke, 1 H. & seq.; Bagnal v. Sacheverel, Cro. EUz.
McH. 159; Attrill v. Patterson, 58 Md. 292; Ramsden's case, Clayton, 87.
226, 260. " Chitty on Pleadings, vol. i, p. 371;
Missouri: Crews v. Lackland, 67 Marshall on Insurance, 629.
Mo. 619.
2592 PLEADING AND PRACTICE § 1261
necessarily follows from the fact that, except as fixing a limit
beyond which recovery cannot be had, the averment of the
amount of damages is not a material one. The amount of
damages alleged is not a traversable averment, and is not ad-
mitted by a failure to deny it." In some States it is provided
by statute that in actions of contract no proof of damage shall
be required upon default; 2" and ia Cahfornia the averment
of amount of damages appears to be material in every case,
so that upon failure to deny the amount the plaintiff recovers
the whole amount claimed in his declaration. ^^
§ 1261. Special damages.
* A question of more frequent occurrence is, as to the ne-
cessity of averring the particular cause and extent of any special
damage for which the plaintiff claims redress.**
"Damages," says Mr. Chitty,^'' "are either general or
special. General damages are such as the law imphes or pre-
sumes to have accrued from the wrong complained of. Special
damages are such as really took place and are not impUed by
law; and are either superadded to general damages arising
from an act injurious in itself, as where some particular loss
arises from the uttering of slanderous words actionable in
themselves; or are such as arise from an act indifferent and not
actionable in itself, but injurious only in its consequences, as
where words become actionable only by reason of special dam-
age ensuing. ... It does not appear necessary to state the
formal description of damages in the declaration, because pre-
suriiptions of law are not in general to be pleaded or averred
as facts. . . . But when the law does not necessarily imply
that the plaintiff sustained damage by the act complained of,
^^ Indiana: McLees v. Felt, 11 Ind. Dimick v. Campbell, 31 CaJ. 238; Hus-
218. ton V. Twin & C. C. T. R. R., 45 Cal.
New York: Rajnnond v. Traffarn, 550.
12 Abb. Pr. 52. 22 Chitty on Pleading, 410, 411,
Wisconsin: Jenkins v. Steanka, 19 cited in Dumont v. Smith, 4 Denio, 319.
Wis. 126, 88 Am. Dec. 675. "The damages sustained are matter of
^ Kansas: Cole v. Hoeburg, 36 Kan. evidence, and need not be alleged, nor
263, 59 Am. Rep. 546. are they scarcely ever stated but in a
Oregon: White v. Northwest Stage general manner." Barruso v. Madan,
Co., 5 Ore. 99. 2 Johns. 149.
"Patterson v. Ely, 19 Cal. 28;
§ 1261 SPECIAL DAMAGES 2593
it is essential to the validity of the declaration that the result-
ing damage should be shown with particularity. . . . And
whenever the damages sustained have not necessarily accrued
from the act complained of, and consequently are not implied
by law, then, in order to prevent the surprise on the defendant
which might otherwise ensue on the trial, the plaintiff must in
general state the particular damage which he has sustained, or
he will not be permitted to give evidence of it." ^^
Mr. Chitty's satisfactory statements of the distinction be-
tween general and special damages leave httle to be added.
All legal damages must, whether the action be in contract or in
tort, naturally result from the act or default complained of;
and although the law in certain cases permits the recovery
of such damages as are physically secondary or consequential,
yet they must in legal contemplation be also its proximate
result. Where such result is necessary, or is legally imported
by the facts, the damages are general, and need not be specif-
ically set forth in the pleading; ^* otherwise they must, whether
such special damage is or is not essential to the maintenance
of the action. ^^ In the one case, the statement of the cause
'' See, also, Chitty on Pleading, 370 v. Overfield, 127 Ky. 548, 106 S. W. 242;
et seq.; same subject. See, also, De MoDaniel v. Hutcherson, 136 Ky. 412,
Forest v. Leete, 16 Johns. 122, where 124 S. W. 384.
it is held that in an action on the cov- Missouri: Van Buskirk v. Quincy, O.
enant against incumbrances, it was not & K. C. R. R., 131 Mo. App. 357, 111
enough to aver that the premises were S. W. 832.
incumbered, but that the declaration New Hampshire: Stevens v. Lyford,
must set out the extinguishment of the 7 N. H. 360.
incumbrance. Pennsylvania: Rank v. Rank, 5 Pa.
See also the following cases: 211; Hart v. Evans, 8 Pa. 13.
Indiana: Lindley v. Dempsey, 45 Ind. Sovih Dakota: Fritz v. Watertown,
246. 21 S. D. 280, 111 N. W. 630.
Louisiana: Arrowsmith v. Gordon, Teaios.' Moore ». Smith, 19 S. W. 781.
3 La. Ann. 105. Vermont: Hutchinson v. Granger, 13
Mississippi: Burrage v. Melson, 48 Vt. 386.
Miss. 237. 25 United States: The Director, 11
New York: Butler v. Kent, 19 Johns. Sawy. 494; Lanston M. M. Co. v.
228; Fitch v. Fitch, 35 N. Y. Super. Ct. Merganthaler Linotype Co., 154 Fed.
302. 42, 83 C. C. A. 154.
South Carolina: Robert R. Sizer & Alabama: Lewis v. Paull, 42 Ala. 136;
Co. V. Dopson, 72 S. E. 464. Irby v. Wilde, 150 Ala. 402, 43 So. 574.
'* Iowa: Palmer v. Waterloo, 138 la. ■ California: Numan v. San Francisco,
296, 115 N. W. 1017. 38 Cal. 689.
Kentucky: Cumberland T. & T. Co. Colorado: Tucker v. Parks, 7 Colo. 62.
163
2594
PLEADING AND PRACTICE
§1261
of action sufficiently apprises the defendant of the extent of the
claim. In the other, legal justice, in order to enable him to
prepare his defence, requires the further averment of the in-
jurious consequences. Special damages must be pleaded in
equity as in law.^^ * But it is no ground of demurrer to an en-
tire breach in an action of covenant, that certain consequential
damages alleged are not recoverable. If the plaintiff is en-
titled to recover for any damage, it is sufficient to support
the breach.^' **
In alleging special damages, it is not enough, in most juris-
dictions, merely to enmnerate the heads of special damages for
which compensation will be asked, but the facts of the damage
and claim for compensation must be specifically alleged; ^*
and in Texas the claim must be fully itemized. ^^
New York: Reporters' Assoc, v. Sun
P. & P. Assoc, 186 N. Y. 437, 79 N. E.
710; Keefe v. Lee, 197 N. Y. 68, 90
N. E. 344; HaUock v. Belcher, 42 Barb.
199; Solms v. Lias, 16 Abb. Pr. 311;
Toplitz V. King Bridge Co., 46 N. Y.
Supp. 418; Isman v. Loring, 130 App.
Div. 845, 115 N. Y. Supp. 93.
Pennsylvania: Agnew v. Johnson, 22
Pa. 471, 62 Am. Dec. 303.
Texas: Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v. Craft
(Tex. Civ. App.), 102 S. W. 170;
Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. Linton (Tex.
Civ. App.), 109 S. W. 942.
, Utah: McKinney v. Carson, 35 Utah,
180, 99 Pac. 660.
Washington: Fish v. Nethercutt, 14
Wash. 582, 45 Pac. 44, 53 Am. St. Rep.
892.
Wisconsin: Birchard v. Booth, 4 Wis.
67.
'^ Hooper v. Armstrong, 69 Ala. 343.
"Amory v. Brodrick, 5 B. & Aid.
712.
^ Kentucky: Chesapeake & O. Ry. v.
Crank, 128 Ky. 329, 108 S. W. 276.
Texas: Pipher v. Bissonet (Tex. Civ.
App.), 36 S. W. 770.
Washington: Hubenthal v. Spokane
& I. Ry., 43 Wash. 677, 86 Pac. 955.
=>» Houston E. & W. T. Ry. v. Adams,
44 Tex. Civ. App. 288, 98 S. W. 222,
Connecticut: Bristol Mfg. Co. v.
Gridley, 28 Conn. 201.
Florida: Jacksonville Elec. Co. v.
Batchis, 54 Fla. 192, 44 So. 933.
Illinois: Olmstead v. Burke, 25 HI.
86.
Kentiicky: Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Roney, 32 Ky. L. Rep. 1326, 108 S. W.
343.
Louisiana: Roberts v. Hyde, 15 La.
Ann. 51.
Maryland: McTavish v. Carroll, 13
Md. 429.
Massachusetts: Baldwin v. Western
R. R., 4 Gray, 333; Warner v. Bacon,
8 Gray, 397, 69 Am. Dec. 253; Rice v.
CooUdge, 121 Mass. 393, 23 Am. Rep.
279.
Michigan: Shaw v. Hoffman, 21
Mich. 151.
Minnesota: Chamberlain v. Porter,
9 Minn. 260.
Missouri: Ingles v. Metropohtan St.
Ry., 145 Mo. App. 241, 129 S. W. 493.
Nebraska: Rosecrans v. Asay, 49
Neb. 512, 68 N. W. 627; Armagost v.
Rising, 54 Neb. 763, 75 N. W. 534.
New Hampshire: Troy v. Cheshire
R. R., 23 N. H. 83, 55 Am. Dec. 177;
Gove V. Watson, 61 N. H. 136.
New Jersey: Ryerson v. Marseillis,
16 N, J. L. 450,
§§ 1262, 1263 EXEMPLARY, DOUBLE, ETC., DAMAGES 2595
§ 1262. Prospective damages.
Prospective damages need not in general be specially averred ; '"
and recovery may be had for a permanent injury without
an express allegation of permanency." In a few cases, how-
ever, it is held that, unless the description of the injury itself
makes future pain probable, no recovery can be had for it with-
out an allegation.'^ So in an action by a husband for a battery
on his wife it was held that damages from a permanent loss
of her services must be specially alleged. '^ And the same was
held in an action for death of an adult son.^* Where the dec-
laration alleged the injuries to have been conmiitted between
a day named and the date of the writ, the plaintiff was not al-
lowed to recover damages to the date of the service of the writ.'^
§ 1263. Exemplary, double and treble damages.
It is held in some jurisdictions that the claim for exemplary
damages need not be specially pleaded.'* But in other jm-is-
dictions it is required that they be specially claimed '' and even
'" Calif omia: Treadwell v. Whittier,
80 Cal. 574, 22 Pac. 266, 13 Am. St.
Rep. 175.
Maine: Bradbury v. Benton, 69 Me.
194.
Missouri: Gerdes v. Christopher &
S. A. I. & F. Co., 124 Mo. 347, 25 S. W.
557; Bartley v. Trorhcht, 49 Mo. App.
214.
'1 Missouri: Gerdes v. Christopher &
S. A. I. & F. Co., 124 Mo. 347, 25 S. W.
557; De Courcy v. Prendergast Const.
Co., 140 Mo. App. 169, 120 S. W. 632.
New York: Ljmch v. Third Ave R. R.,
59 N. Y. Super. Ct. 71, 13 N. Y. Supp.
236; Tyler ». Third Ave. R. R., 41
N. Y. Supp. 523.
In Texas, however, it has been held
that an allegation that a personal in-
jury is permanent will not justify the
recovery of damages for future suffering
where no pecuniary damages are alleged
from such suffering. Houston & T. C.
R. R. V. Lindsey, 51 Tex. Civ. App. 67,
110 S. W. 995.
'2 Iowa: Palmer v. Waterloo, 138 la.
296, 115 N. W. 1017.
Texas: Rapid Transit Ry. v. Allen,
54 Tex. Civ. App. 245, 117 S. W.
486.
" Uertz V. Singer Mfg. Co., 35 Hun,
116.
'^ Winnt t). International & G. N.
R. R., 74 Tex. 32.
'5 Prouty V. Bell, 44 Vt. 72.
"* Alabama: Alabama G. S. R. R. v.
Arnold, 84 Ala. 159, 4 So. 359, 5 Am. St.
Rep. 354.
Georgia: Savannah, F. & W. Ry. v.
HoUand, 82 Ga. 257, 10 S. E. 200, 14
Am. St. Rep. 158.
Iowa: Gustafson v. Wind, 62 la. 281.
Maine: Wilkinson v. Drew, 75 Me.
360.
Minnesota: Andrews v. Stone, 10
Mum. 72.
Mississippi: Southern Ex. Co. v.
Brown, 67 Miss. 260, 7 So. 318, 8 So.
425, 19 Am. St. Rep. 306.
Oregon: Stark v. E^ler, 117 Pac. 276.
^Missouri: Anderson v. Shockley
(Mo. App.), 140 S. W. 755.
Texas: Galveston, H. & S. A. R. R.
V. Le Gieise, 51 Tex. 189; Zeliff v.
2596 PLEADING AND PRACTICE §§ 1264, 1265
that their amount be stated.'* Where such damages are
claimed on the ground of maUce, malice must be averred in
the complaint. ^^ But where statutory double or treble dam-
ages are claimed, the declaration must allege that the action
is brought under the statute.^" The plaintiff, however, hav-
ing claimed such statutory damages, may recover single dam-
ages if he does not prove himself to be entitled to the benefit
of the statute." In Osburn v. Lovell *^ it was held, that in an
action of trespass, to recover treble damages, evidence that the
trespass was involuntary, and imder a bona fide claim of right,
might be given under the general issue. Cooley, J., said:
"It was held, in Delevan v. Bates, *^ that whatever, in an action
of tort, would go in mitigation of damages might be given
in evidence under the general issue."
§ 1264. Interest.
Interest on a liquidated demand must be specially claimed,
not on an unliquidated demand.**
§ 1266. Special damages — ^Actions for injury to real estate.
* In New York, in an action on the case, in which the plain-
tiff declared against the defendant for placing a quantity of
lime, sand, and other building material opposite to his store,
so that the free passage to it was interrupted, and the dust and
dirt of the materials blew into his store and damaged his goods,
it was held, that proof that customers were prevented from
frequenting the store, and that a tenant who occupied it left it
Jennings, 61 Tex. 458, 48 Am. Rep. 305; Pennsylvania: Hughes v. Stevens, 36
International & G. N. Ry. v. Smith, Pa. 320.
62 Tex. 252; Moore v. Smith, 19 S. W. " Starkweather v. Quigley, 7 Hun,
781. 26.
's Krone v. Block, 144 Mo. App. 575, " 35 yi\ch.. 246.
129 S. W. 43. " 1 Mich. 97; ace, AUis v. Nanson
«' Johnson v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 41 Ind. 154.
51 la. 25; Jones v. Marshall, 56 la. 739. " Kansas: Shepard v. Pratt, 16 Kan.
There need be no special allegation of 209.
malice in an action for malicious prose- Texas: Watkins v. Junker, 90 Tex.
cution, since the allegation of the cause 586, 40 S. W. 11; San Antonio & A. P.
of action includes malice. Davis v. Ry. v. Timon (Tex. Civ. App.), 110
Seeley, 91 la. 583, 60 N. W. 183. S. W. 82. See St. Louis S. W. Ry. v.
*" Kentucky: Bell v. Norris, 79 Ky. Starks (Tex. Civ. App.), 109 S. W.
48, 42 Am. Rep. 204, 1003.
§ 1265 SPECIAL DAMAGES — INJURY TO REAL ESTATE 2597
in consequence of the nuisance, whereby it remained empty,
was inadmissible, because not alleged in the declaration as
special damages. "Where the damages," said the Supreme
Court, "actually sustained do not necessarily arise from the
act complained of, and consequently are not implied by law, in
order to prevent surprise to the defendant, the plaintiff must
state in his declaration the particular damage which he has
sustained, or he will not be permitted to give evidence of it
upon the trial. . . . There is no claim for damages in the
declaration for the loss of customers. . . . The loss of the
tenant and the consequent loss of the rent of the store, ought
to have been specially alleged, in order to entitle the plaintiff
to have proved them as damages." *^
So, in a later case in the same State, in an action of trespass
on the case, the declaration alleged that the defendant, in con-
sideration of the sale by the plaintiff to him of certain premises
in the city of New York, covenanted that he would erect on
them a brick dwelling-house, and would not erect on them any
building to be occupied in any manner that would be a nuisance
to the vicinity of the premises. The declaration then pro-
ceeded to aver that the defendant had not erected a brick
dwelling-house, but had permitted a bake-house to be erected
on the premises, and suffered it to be occupied in a manner
that was a nuisance to the vicinity of the premises. There was
no allegation of special damage, but the declaration concluded
generally, to the damage of the plaintiff $6,000. On the trial
the plaintiff's counsel offered to prove actual damage sustained
by him in the depreciation of the value of premises owned by
him, adjacent to the lot in question, occasioned by the erection
of the bake-house. But the evidence was excluded on the
ground of the want of any allegation of special damage in the
declaration; and the judge who tried the cause held that the
plaintiff could only recover nominal damages. By consent, a
nonsuit was ordered, and on motion to set this aside the Su-
preme Court held the decision right. "Suppose," said Cady, J.,
"the bake-house has been so occupied as that it has been a
nuisance. How has it damnified the plaintiff? The declaration
does not show that he has been annoyed by the heat and smoke
« Squier v. Gould, 14 Wend. 159, 160.
2598 PLEADING AND PEACTICE § 1266
issuing from the bake-house, or that he has any property which
has been lessened in value by the bake-house." ^ **
In the following cases the damages are special, and must be
alleged: For loss of rents in actions for injiu-y to real estate.*'
So, in an action for throwing water back upon the plaintiff's
mill.*' So, also, in an action for polluting the water of a
stream; *^ so for profits of a mill lost by the obstruction of a
water-course,^" and for damage to plaintiff's house from smoke
and sparks, and damage to plastering and paper, and the dam-
ages for the additional care required for children, in an action
for laying a railroad along a street in front of the plaintiff's
house." For nuisance in maintaining stagnant water no re-
covery can be had for sickness or death of a child unless specially
alleged; ^^ and for trespass in throwing down fences no recovery
is allowed, without special allegation, for loss of crops by the
entry of cattle.^' On the other hand, no allegation is required,
in an action of trespass quare clausum, to recover damage to a
fence, by breaking which the defendant entered the land.^*
And the damage from the stoppage of the plaintiff's mill is an
injiu-ious consequence, for which he may recover in an action
of trespass for the destruction of his milldam, without specially
averring it in the declaration.^^ So in proceedings to recover
compensation for land taken by eminent domain, damages to
the land not taken are not special damages in the sense that
they must be specially pleaded in order to be proved. ^^
§ 1266. For breach of contract.
No allegation of special damage is necessary for loss of profit
« Bogert V. Burkhalter, 2 Barb. 525. '» Taylor v. Dustin, 43 N. H. 493;
"Adams v. Barry, 10 Gray, 361; Crawford «. Parsons, 63 N. H. 438.
Parker «. Lowell, 11 Gray, 353. "Spencer v. St. Paul & S. C. Ry.,
« Plimpton V. Gardiner, 64 Me. 360. 21 Minn. 362.
« Potter V. Froment, 47 Cal. 165. In " Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v. Craft (Tex.
this case it was also held that the cost Civ. App.), 102 S. W. 170.
of boiling and skimming the water "Carron v. Clark, 14 Mont. 301,
must also be specially alleged in order 36 Pac. 178.
to be proved; but in Jutte v. Hughes, " Clark v. Boardman, 42 Vt. 667,
67 N.Y. 267, where the plaintiff's prem- 1 Am. Rep. 359.
ises were injured by the defendant's " Spigelmoyer v. Walter, 3 W. & S.
failure to keep his privies and drains 540.
in repair, it was held that loss of rent " Yellowstone Park R. R. v. Bridger
need not be alleged as special damage. Coal Co., 34 Mont. 545, 87 Pac. 963.
§ 1266 FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 2599
which would have been the direct result of work done at the
contract price, and which is prevented by the defendant's
wrongful act.^' So in an action of covenant for breach of con-
tract in not building a house, in payment of which the plaintiff
was to have conveyed certain premises, no statement of special
damages is necessary to entitle the plaintiff to give evidence of
the difference in value between the house and the premises
which constitutes the measiu-e of damages.^* In an action for
breach of contract to give a lease, damages for loss of busi-
ness ^' and for the expense of removal *" have been held re-
coverable without special allegation. But in an action for
breach of contract to furnish doors, the plaintiff, a master
builder, cannot recover damages on account of the idleness of
his workmen, caused by not having the doors, without special
allegation.®' In an action for breach of promise of marriage,
no allegation of special damage is necessary for loss of time
and expenses incurred in preparation for marriage,®^ but an
allegation is necessary for loss of health *^ and for seduc-
tion.«*
Where damages beyond legal interest for non-payment of a
note at matiirity are allowed by law, as a penalty, they cannot
be recovered unless specially averred.®^ Counsel fees in actions
on attachment bonds must be claimed as special damages. It
may be that no counsel were necessary, and none were em-
ployed.*® So on injunction bonds.®' No allegation is necessary
to recover special damages for loss of sheep by disease com-
municated by other sheep warranted by the defendant; the
plaintiff need not allege that the sheep so warranted were to
be placed with the others.®* But consequential damages from
breach of warranty of a chain must, it has been held, be spe-
" Michigan: Burrell v. New York & " Indiana: Gates v. McKinney, 48
S. S. S. Co., 14 Mich. 34. Ind. 562, 17 Am. Rep. 768.
Missouri: Hesse v. Imperial E. L. H. Wisconsin: Leavitt v. Cutler, 37
& P. Co. (Mo. App.), 140 S. W. 911. Wis. 46.
M Laraway v. Perkins, 10 N. Y. 371. « Wilson v. Dean, 10 la. 432.
5» Ward V. Smith, 11 Price, 19. " Dothard v. Sheid, 69 Ala. 135.
«" Driggs V. Dwight, 17 Wend. 71, 31 •' Washington v. Timberlake, 74 Ala.
Am. Dec. 283. 259.
«• Myer v. Davies, 17 III. App. 228. " Packard v. Slack, 32 Vt. 9, 76 Am.
«2 Smith V. Sherman, 4 Cush. 408. Deo. 148.
«' BedeU v. Powell, 13 Barb. 183.
2600 Pleading and pkactice || 1267, 1268
cially alleged, *' as must consequential damages for failure to
deliver goods sold.'"' And in general consequential damages
for breach of a contract must be specially claimed.''^
§ 1267. Against carriers.
In an action for injuries sustained by the plaintiff from the
neglect of the defendant (a carrier of passengers by steamers)
to furnish proper accommodations and supplies, it was held
that, under an allegation of facts whereby the plaintiff was
"subjected to great inconvenience and injury," proof might
be introduced tending to prove the plaintiff's illness, and the
negligence of the defendant causing such illness, this not being
considered by the court to be special damage.'^ Where a
carrier lost or damaged part of a suit of clothes, the deprecia-
tion of value of the remaining parts of the suit is general, not
special, damage." And where a valuable horse is injured, the
fact that he was of superior value for breeding purposes need
not be alleged, since it is general damage,'^ though loss of the
earnings or use of the horse is special damage and must be
alleged.^*
§ 1268. For injury to personal property.
In the Queen's Bench, in an action on the case for an exces-
sive distress, it was held, that no mention being made in the
declaration of the sale, either for damage or by way of substan-
tive complaint, the plaintiff could only recover damages in
" Sutherland v. Round, 57 Fed. 467, assessment laid after breach and paid
6 C. C. A. 428. by plaintiff must be alleged).
™ Brady v. Cassidy, 9 Misc. 107, 29 Washington: Sudden v. Morse, 48
N. Y. Supp. 45. Wash. 101, 92 Pac. 901.
" Kentucky: McDaniel v. Hutcher- '* Roberts v. Graham, 6 Wall. 578,
son, 136 Ky. 412, 124 S. W. 384 (con- 18 L. ed. 791.
tract to furnish plaintiff a home during " Cone v. Southern Ry., 85 S. C. 524,
life; expense of removal must be al- 67 S. E. 779.
leged). '* Missouri: Van Buskirk v. Quincy,
Texas: Houston & T. C. R. R. v. O. & K. C. R. R., 131 Mo. App. 357,
Anderson, 44 Tex. Civ. App. 394, 98 ill S. W. 832.
S. W, 440 (injury to water tank by Texas: Texas &. P. Ry. v. Newsome,
causing oil to run into it; consequential 44 Tex. Civ. App. 513, 98 S. W. 646.
damage to land must be alleged). " Van Buskirk v. Quincy, O. & K. C.
Vermont: Ellis v. Durkee, 79 Vt. 341, R. R., 131 Mo. App. 357, 111 S. W.
65 Atl. 94 (contract to pay for stock; 832.
§ 1268 INJURY TO PERSONAL PROPERTY 2601
respect to the detention of the property, and not for the sale.''^
But where in an action in the nature of a trespass for the wrong-
ful seizure of goods, which was the gist of the action, although
the form of the plaintiff's complaint was Umited to certain
heads of special damage which were not proved; but it ap-
peared that the taking was wrongful, the plaintiff was held, by
the judicial committee of the Privy Council, entitled not only
to nominal damages, but to such substantial damage as the
jury thought adequate.'^ In an action of trespass de bonis as-
portatis, a special allegation of damage has been required for
the expense of recovering the property.'* In actions of trover
or replevin and of trespass for the destruction of property, all
damages beyond the value of the property, if recoverable at
all, must be specially alleged.''^ So for damages beyond the
intrinsic value of a book destroyed by the defendant, on the
ground that it contained a subscription list procured at large
expense.*" So in an action for the loss of an animal through
neghgence, of damages beyond its value, such as money properly
expended in efforts to cure it."
In Indiana, in an action of trespass for kilhng a mare, dam-
ages for niu-sing and feeding two colts she had been suckling,
and for care and attention of the mare's wound, not having
been alleged, were held not recoverable.*^ Where an action is
brought fol" taking property from the owner's possession, no
damages can be recovered, without special allegation, for an
injm-y received by the owner in an attempt to defend his
possession.*^ It has been held that damages for loss of use of
™ Thompson v. Wood, 4 Q. B. Pennsylvania: Schofield v. Ferrers,
493. 46 Pa. 438.
" Doss V. Doss, 14 L. T. R. (N. S.) Vermont: Park v. McDaniels, 37 Vt.
646. 594.
™ Illinois: People v. Crowe, 145 111. Canada: Domville v. Keevan, Stev.
App. 450. Dig. (N. B.) 434 (semble; contra, Firth
Minnesota: Gray «. Bullard, 22 Minn. v. Fitzgerald, Stev. Dig. 432).
278. But see Maine: Bucknam v. Nash,
" California: Stevenson v. Smith, 28 3 Fairf . 474.
Cal. 102, 87 Am. Dec. 107. '» Nunan v. San Francisco, 38 Cal.
Michigan: Brink v. Freoff, 44 Mich. 689.
69. " Patten v. Libbey, 32 Me. 378.
Mississippi: Burrage v. Melson, 48 ^''Teagarden u. Hetfield, 11 Ind. 522.
Miss. 237. '* Plumb v. Ives, 39 Conn. 120.
2602 PLteAbiNG AND piiACTiCE §§ 1269, 1270
property detained may be recovered without special allega-
tion; ^* but the contrary opinion has also been held.**
§ 1269. For loss of business.
For loss of business, in the sense of loss of time, no allegation
is necessary; but for a loss caused to the plaintiff's particular
business by the defendant's act a special allegation is re-
quired.*" Upon a general allegation of loss of business the
plaintiff cannot recover for the loss of a particular business
venture or engagement.*^ Nor under such an allegation can a
farmer recover damages for the loss of his hay crop.** So upon
a general allegation of loss of market, the plaintiff cannot show
the loss of a particular contract of sale.*'
§ 1270. For personal injury.
No allegation is necessary in an action to recover for per-
sonal injury, of bodily pain,'" nor, in some jurisdictions, of
mental suffering.'^ In an action for seduction mental suffering
is a basis for recovery without special allegation.'^ So in an
action for personal injm-ies, proof of damages from the inter-
ruption of the plaintiff's occupation, and deprivation of his
accustomed means of earning support, is inadmissible unless
" Woodruff V. Cook, 25 Barb. 505. Co., 46 Barb. 222; Klein v. Burleson,
«5 Illinois: Adams v. Gardner, 78 111. 138 App. Div. 405, 122 N. Y. Supp.
568. 752.
Kentucky: Montgomery v. Glasscock, '^ Georgia: Central R. R. & B. Co. v.
121 S. W. 668. Lanier, 83 Ga. 587, 10 S. E. 279.
^ Connecticut: Taylor v. Monroe, 43 Indiana: Wright v. Compton, 53
Conn. 36; Tomlinson v. Derby, 43 Ind. 337.
Conn. 562. Iowa: Gronan v. Kukkuck, 59 la. 18.
Illinois: Chicago v. G'Brennan, 65 Missouri: Brown v. Hannibal & S. J.
111. 160. Ry., 99 Mo. 310.
" Alabama: Pollock v. Gantt, 69 Nebraska: Fink v. Busch, 83 Neb.
Ala. 373. 599, 120 N. W. 167.
Illinois: Chicago W. D. Ry. v. New York: Caldwell v. Central Park,
Klauber, 9 111. App. 613. N. & E. R. R., 7 Misc. 67, 27 N. Y.
88 Heiser v. Loomis, 47 Mich. 16. Supp. 397.
89 Rowe V. Titus, 1 All. (N. B.) 326. Virginia: Norfolk & W. Ry. v.
» Nebraska: Fink v. Busch, 83 Neb. Spears, 110 Va. 110, 65 S. E. 482.
599, 120 N. W. 167. Contra, Oregon: Adcock v. Oregon
New York: Curtis v. Rochester & R. «& N. Co., 45 Ore. 173, 77 Pac. 78.
S. R. R., 18 N. Y. 534, 75 Am. Dec. "^ phiUips v. Hoyle, 4 Gray, 568, 64
258; Swarthout v. New Jersey S. B. Am. Dec. 95.
§ 1270 FOR PERSONAL INJURY 2603
such damages are specially alleged.'' In Tomlinson v. Derby '*
the plaintiff was injured through a defect in the highway.
The complaint alleged that the plaintiff was thereby "pre-
vented from attending to his ordinary business." It was held,
that he could not show that he was earning $100 a month in
carting and sawing timber. Loomis, J., said:
"Special damage is that which the law does not necessarily
imply that the plaintiff has sustained from the act complained
of . . . . It would seem, however, that when the consequences
of an injury are peculiar to the circumstances and condition
of the injured party, the law could not imply the damage sim-
ply from the act causing the injury. If it be true that the
law implies a loss of time from the act complained of, it does
not seem quite fair and just, when the sole object of the rule
that requires special damage to be averred is to advise the
defendant of the claim, to carry the implication so far as to
imply also all the special consequences of such loss of time,
when such consequences must depend on the peculiar cir-
cumstances of the plaintiff at the time of and previous to the
injury, as that he was actually engaged in some special business
which was at the time yielding a pecuniary profit."
" Alabama: Irby v. Wilde, 150 Ala. meier Lumber Co., 134 Mo. App. 485,
402, 43 So. 574. 114 S. W. 1023; Hitchings v. Maryville,
Connecticut: Morris «. Winchester 134 Mo. App. 712, 115 S. W. 473;
R. A. Co., 73 Conn. 680, 49 Atl. 180; Ingles v. Metropolitan St. Ry. (Mo.
Farrington v. Cheponis, 82 Conn. 258, App.), 129 S. W. 493; Snickles v. St.
73 Atl. 139. Joseph, 155 Mo. App. 308, 136 S. W.
Indiana: Pittsburgh, C, C. & S. L. 752.
Ry. V. Lynch, 43 Ind. App. 177, 87 New York: Hart v. Metropolitan St.
N". E. 40. Ry., 121 App. Div. 732, 106 N. Y.
Kentucky: Louisville & N. R. R. v. Supp. 494.
Reynolds, 24 Ky. L. Rep. 1402, 71 S. Texas: Texas & P. Ry. v. Buckalew
W. 516; Central Ky. Tract. Co. v. (Tex. Civ. App.), 34 S. W. 165; Ft.
Chapman, 130 Ky. 342, 113 S. W. 438; Worth & D. C. Ry. v. Morrison (Tex.
Lexington Ry. v. Britton, 130 Ky. 676, Civ. App.), 129 S. W. 1157 (but see
114 S. W. 295; Cincinnati, N. O. & T. El Paso S. W. R. R. v. Barrett, 46 Tex.
P. Ry. V. Silvers, 126 S. W. 120. Civ. App. 14, 101 S. W. 1025, 121
Massachusetts: Baldwin v. Western S. W. 570).
R. R., 4 Gray, 333. Contra, New York: Bloom v. Man-
Missouri: Keen v. St. Louis, I. M. hattan El. Ry., 17 N. Y. Supp. 812
& S. R. R., 129 Mo. App. 301, 108 (except in case of married woman).
S. W. 1125; Fleddermann v. St. Louis i^nfftond; Potter u. Metropolitan Ry.,
Transit Co., 134 Mo. App. 199, 113 28 L. T, Rep. 735.
S. W. 1143; Moellman v. Gieze-Hensel- '« 43 Conn. 562.
2604 PLEADING AND PRACTICE § 1270
In Taylor v. Monroe,^^ under a similar allegation, it was held,
that the plaintiff could not show that she was employed as a
button-maker, and what wages she earned. Loomis, J., said:
"As the business is not stated, nor any earnings or loss of
earnings mentioned, the allegation referred to can only be con-
strued as intended to characterize the injiu-y, and indicate its
extent and permanence in a general way, which amounts sim-
ply to a claim for general damages, and lays no foxmdation
at all for proof of special damages. The evidence referred to
was not intended simply to show the effect and extent of the
injury, but to enhance the damages, by showing the loss of
earnings in a special employment, requiring some special skill
and training. These damages, therefore, were not the nec-
essary result of the acts set out in the declaration, and could
not be implied by law; but they were special damages, which,
in order to prevent a surprise upon the defendant, must be
particularly specified in the declaration, or the plaintiff will
not be permitted to give evidence of them at the trial."
In an action by an unmarried woman against a carrier for
personal injury from his negMgence, her diminished chances
of marriage must be specially alleged to entitle her to an en-
hancement of the damages on that groxmd.'^ In Missouri it
has been held that no recovery can be had for medical expenses,
in an action for assault and battery, unless specially alleged,^'
but on general principles this seems doubtful. In an action
for false imprisonment, damages from the bad condition of the
jail are special, and can only be proved when alleged.'^ So
sickness caused by the imprisonment must be specially al-
leged.'^
96 43 Conn. 36, 46. Texas: Houston & T. C. R. R. v.
»« Hunter v. Stewart, 47 Me. 419. Rowell, 92 Tex. 147, 46 S. W. 630;
^Alabama: Irby v. Wilde, 150 Ala. Houston, E. & W. T. Ry. v. Adams,
402, 43 So. 574. 44 Tex. Civ. App. 288, 98 S. W. 222.
Indiana: Pittsburgh, C, C. & S. L. <» Johnson v. Von Kettler, 84 111.
Ry. V. Lynch, 43 Ind. App. 177, 87 315.
N. E. 40. »' Kansas: Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R.
Kentucky: Lexington Ry. v. Britton> v. Rice, 36 Kan. 593, 14 Pac. 229.
130Ky. 676, 114S. W. 295. England: Lowden v. Goodrick,
Missouri: O'Leary v. Rowan, 31 Mo. Peake's Cas. 46; Pettit ». Addington,
117; Fleddermann v. St. Louis Transit Peake's Cas. 62.
Co., 134 Mo. App. 199, 113 S. W. 1143.
§ 1270a EXTENT OF ALLEGATION REQUIKED 2605
Miscarriage as a result of a physical injury is special damages
which must be pleaded,^™ and so is the postponement of a wed-
ding, i"!
The particularity required in the allegation of such special
damages varies in different jurisdictions. The Hmit of par-
ticularity appears to be reached in Texas, where not only is an
exact description of the injury required,"^ but in the case of
medical expenses, apparently, the amount and value of each
physician's services and an itemized account of the medicines
bought must be given. ^"^
§ 1270a. Extent of allegation required.
Not only must special damages be alleged in order to be
recovered, but the allegation must describe them with sufficient
precision to give the defendant notice of the extent of the claim.
It is impossible to reconcile all the decisions upon this point.
In New York the following rules seem established: If the
allegations as to the physical injury are very broad, setting up
sickness, permanent injiu-y, etc., the plaintiff may under them
prove any special damage that has occurred, e. g., an injury
to his spine. If the defendant desires to guard against sur-
prise, it is his business to move for a bill of particulars. But
if the allegation point to a definite injury, e. g., an injury to
the arm, the plaintiff cannot prove some other injury, e. g.,
deafness, merely because there are general allegations of severe
injury and shock.'"* In accordance with these rules general
">» Lomsville & N. R. R. v. Roney, So in the following cases it was held
32 Ky. L. Rep. 1326, 108 S. W. 343. that after a description of specific in-
•»' Beath v. Rapid Ry., 119 Mich, juries an undescribed injury of the
512, 78 N. W. 537. sort could not be recovered. Keefe v.
i»« Suderman v. Woodruff, 47 Tex. Lee, 197 N. Y. 68, 90 N. E. 344 (alle-
Civ. App. 229, 105 S. W. 217. gation of kick on head, breaking skull
!«' The Oriental v. Barclay, 16 Tex. and tearing scalp; cannot recover for
Civ. App. 193, 41 S. W. 117; ace, deafness); Johnson v. Troy, 124 App.
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Barnwell, 131 Div. 29, 108 N. Y. Supp. 917 (injured
Ga. 791, 63 S. E. 501. in back, head, and side, causing him
™ Ehrgott V. Mayor, 96 N. Y. 264; to be made sick, sore and lame; cannot
Hergert v. Union Ry., 49 N. Y. Supp. recover for supervening appendicitis);
307, 25 App. Div. 218; Kleiner v. Third Long v. Fulton Contr. Co., 133 App.
Ave. R. R., 55 N. Y. Supp. 394, 36 Div. 842, 117 N. Y. Supp. 1118 (skull
App. Div. 191; Bolte v. Third Ave. crushed, necessitating removal of part
R. R., 56 N. Y. Supp. 1038, 38 App. of skull and brain, and great pain
Div. 234. suffered; cannot show epilepsy, paraly-
2606
PLEADING AND PKACTICE
§ 1270a
allegations have been held to cover injuries not specifically
mentioned. 1"^ On the other hand, where aU the allegations
sis, and mental impairment); Keenan
V. Metropoiitan St. Ry., 118 App. Div.
56, 103 N. Y. Supp. 61 (husband suing
for loss of wife's services alleged that
she kept house for him; could not show
that she assisted him in his duties as
janitor).
On the other hand, in Frobisher v.
Fifth Ave. Transp. Co., 81 Hun, 544,
30 N. Y. Supp. 1099, an allegation that
plaintiff had become disabled for life
so as to interfere with the active prose-
cution of his business permitted evi-
dence of loss of business. But in Kin-
sella V. Eiesenberg, 124 App. Div. 322,
108 N. Y. Supp. 876, an allegation of
severe injuries to the back and side
was held insufficient to allow proof of
any injury of the sort.
"5 United States: Denver & R. G. Ry.
V. Harris, 122 U. S. 597, 7 Sup. Ct.
1286, 30 L. R. A. 1146 (general allega-
tion of physical injury, recover for
impotency); New York Transp. Co. v.
Garside, 157 Fed. 521, 85 C. C. A. 285
(plaintiff disabled, crippled and injured
in her limbs; may show one leg shorter
than the other, also that she was unable
to sleep and lost in weight and appe-
tite).
Colorado: Denver & R. G. R. R. v.
Mitchell, 42 Colo. 43, 94 Pac. 289
(suffered great personal injuries; may
show injury to lungs).
Iowa: Fox v. Chicago, S. P. & K. C.
R. R., 86 la. 368, 53 N. W. 259 (suf-
fered great expense; may show that a
mattress, quilt and springs were in-
jured by appheations of medicine to
plaintiff's foot).
Kansas: Cudahy Packing Co. v.
Broadbent, 70 Kan. 535, 79 Pac. 126
(leg broken and great pain suffered;
may show that eight days after the leg
was set it was necessary to break and
reset it, causing great pain).
Kentucky: Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P.
Ry. V. Halcomb, 105 S. W. 968, 32 Ky.
L. Rep. 381 (long confined to bed and
unable to teach school; may recover
for impaired ability to earn money);
Cumberiand T. & T. Co. v. Overfield,
127 Ky. 548, 106 S. W. 242 (permanent
disability; may show permanent reduc-
tion in power to earn money). ,
Michigan: Beath v. Rapid Ry., 119
Mich. 512, 78 N. W. 537 (mental suffer-
ing, may recover for mortification of
being obliged to use crutch and cane);
Groat V. United Ry., 153 Mich. 165,
116 N. W. 1081 (greatly injured and
bruised internally, and permanently in-
jured; may show permanent injury to
uterus).
Missouri: Van Cleve v. St. Louis,
M. & S. E. R. R., 124 Mo. App. 224,
101 S. W. 632 (chest bruised and
crushed, and permanent injury; may
show pulmonary tuberculosis); Hitch-
ings V. Maryville, 134 Mo. App. 712, 115
S. W. 473 (is and will be incapacitated
from earning livelihood; recover for
lost earnings from date of injury).
Texas: Rea v. St. Louis S. W. Ry.
(Tex. Civ. App.), 73 S. W. 655 (injury
to lungs; may recover for increased
susceptibihty to lung disease); San
Antonio & A. P. Ry. v. Beam (Tex.
Civ. App.), 50 S. W. 411 (injury in-
capacitated plaintiff from making a
living; may recover for diminished
capacity to labor); San Antonio &
A. P. Ry. V. Corley (Tex. Civ. App.),
26 S. W. 903 (mental agony; recover
for peril and fright); Triolo v. Foster
(Tex. Civ. App.), 57 S. W. 698 (suf-
fered great pain; recover for mental
pain); St. Louis S. W. Ry. v. Garber
(Tex. Civ. App.), Ill S. W. 227 (per-
manent incapacity; recover for dim-
inished earning capacity); Ft. Worth &
D. C. Ry. V. Morrison (Tex. Civ.
App.), 123 S. W. 621 (internal in-
juries; may recover for injury to blad-
§1271
FOK OTHER TORTS
2607
of special damages are of specific injuries, it is usually held
that there can be no recovery for injuries not described,^"*
though recovery has been allowed in some cases. ^"^
§ 1271. For other torts.
In Alabama, it has been held, that in an action brought by a
firm for a malicious prosecution, proof of special damage aris-
ing from loss of reputation, credit, or business, cannot be given
der); Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. Brown
(Tex. Civ. App.), 140 S. W. 1172 (per-
manent injury, capacity to earn prob-
ably destroyed; may recover for loss of
time).
Washington: Clukey v. Seattle El.
Co., 27 Wash. 70, 67 Pac. 379 (hurt
about the abdomen, and imnatural
internal bleeding; may recover for mis-
carriage).
See, however, several cases cited in
the following note.
'"" Kentucky: Louisville Ry. v. Gaugh,
133 Ky. 467, 118 S. W. 276 (injury to
head alleged; cannot show resulting
deafness).
Michigan: Puller v. Jackson, 92
Mich. 197, 52 N. W. 1075 (injury to
spine, and otherwise bruised, wounded,
and injured; cannot show injury to
breast); Hall v. Cadillac, 114 Mich. 99,
72 N. W. 33 (knee wrenched, greatly
bruised and injured, became sick, sore,
lame, and disabled, suffered great
pain and distress; cannot show result-
ing rheumatism).
Montana: Gordon v. Northern Pac.
Ry., 39 Mont. 571, 104 Pac. 679 (right
eye cut and destroyed, suffered excru-
ciating pain; cannot show impairment
of sight of left eye).
Texas: Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Cook, 8 Tex. Qv. App. 376, 27 S. W.
769 (wounded, skinned and bruised,
and greatly shocked and injured in
head, chest, lungs, back, spine, and
limbs, and sustained serious external
and internal injuries; cannot recover
for impairment of genital and urinary
organs); Campbell v. Cook, 86 Tex. 632,
26 S. W. 486, reveraing 24 S. W. 977
(tearing flesh, bruising, wounding and
injuring back, bowels, hips, legs and
other parts and members of body; can-
not recover for impairment of capacity
to have sexual intercourse).
Utah: Pugmire v. Oregon S. L. R. R.,
33 Utah, 27, 92 Pac. 762 (blow on head,
back sprained, arms bruised and
sprained, right limb injured, and in-
ternal injuries; cannot recover for
injury to eyes).
Washington: Horton v. Seattle, 53
Wash. 316, 101 Pac. 1091 (hip disloca-
ted, leg paralyzed, abdomen bruised,
shock to nervous system, physical
health greatly impaired; cannot show
excessive menstruation).
"' United States: Katahdin P. & P.
Co. V. Peltomaa, 156 Fed. 342, 84 C. C.
A. 238 (injured on head and shoulders,
left arm broken, injured in arms, legs,
and sides, suffered great pain in body
and mind; may recover for resulting
nervous disturbances and other internal
injuries).
Michigan: Montgomery v. Lansing
C. E. Ry., 103 Mich. 46, 61 N. W. 543
(plaintiff seriously hurt, wounded and
crippled, and back and spine seriously
injured; may show injury to lung and
resulting consumption).
Texas: Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Edling, 18 Tex. Civ. App. 171, 45
S. W. 406 (wound on side, two ribs
fractured, internal injuries to lungs,
chest and heart; may show injury to
kidney).
2608 PLEADING AND PRACTICE § 1271
unless it is specially averred in the declaration, i"* And the
principle has been recognized in South CaroUna ^"^ and Penn-
sylvania."" For slander of the plaintiff in either a public or
private official capacity no allegation of special damage is
necessary; "' but special damage must be alleged for injury
to an author from the disparagement of a copyrighted work."^
In an action for slander for words spoken of the plaintiff in his
trade or business, with a general allegation of loss of business,
it is competent for the plaintiff to prove, and the jury to assess,
damages for a general loss or decrease of trade, although the
declaration alleges loss of particular customers as special dam-
age, which is not proved; "' and where language is hbellous
per se, and is calculated to affect the credit and reputation,
damages may be recovered for injury to credit and reputation
without special allegation."^ Only nominal damages can be
recovered against a sheriff for not executing a deed on a par-
tition sale, unless special damages are alleged."* An allega-
tion is necessary for recovery of the expenses occasioned by the
fraudulent imitation of trade-marks."^
In an action for wrongful levy on exempt property, the ex-
pense of legal proceedings to assert the exemption and of haul-
ing the goods back to the plaintiff's house canndt be recovered
without special allegation."' In an action for wrongfully
allowing defendant's bucks to mingle with plaintiff's ewes, no
damages can be recovered, without special allegation, for the
expense of men to care for the ewes and sheds to protect
them."^ In an action for alienating the affections of a hus-
band, mental suffering may be recovered without special al-
legation."'
™ Donnell v. Jones, 13 Ala. 490, 48 •" Lusk v. Briscoe, 65 Mo. 555.
Am. Deo. 59. "» Dixon v. Fawcus, 3 L. T. R. (N.
™ Rowand v. Bellinger, 3 Strobh. S.) 693.
373. 1" Boggan v. Bennett, 102 Ala. 400,
"» Stanfield v. Phillips, 78 Pa. 73. 14 So. 742.
"' Foulger v. Newcomb, L. R. 2 Ex. "» McKinney v. Carson, 35 Utah,
327. 180, 99 Pac. 660.
"2 Swan V. Tappan, 5 Cush. 104. "» Kansas: Nevins v. Nevins, 68
"» Evans v. Harries, 1 H. & N. Kan. 410, 75 Pac. 492.
251. Kentucky: Klein v. Klein, 101 S. W.
1" Warner Instrument Co. v. Inger- 382, 31 Ky. L. Rep. 28.
BoU, 157 Fed. 311.
§§ 1271a, 1272 demurrer overruled 2609
§ 1271a. Answers.
Great variety of practice prevails as to the necessity of
setting up in a plea or answer matters in mitigation or reduction
of damages. In the common-law system of pleading no
matter of mitigation needed pleading, but the damages might
be decreased by evidence introduced under the general issue,
and under modern systems of pleading this is still true in gen-
eral; ^^ for allegations of damage are not issuable, and the plea
should state only facts which if true would bar recovery.
But imder modern codes of procediu-e notice of matters of
mitigation must in some cases be given in the answer, and it is
sometimes held in jurisdictions having a code of procediwe
that matters in mitigation generally must be pleaded by the
defendant. ^^1
II. — Practice
§ 1272. Damages upon demurrer overruled.
When upon a demurrer judgment is given for the plaintiff,
damages are to be assessed upon testimony; as has been seen,
the amount of damages claimed is not to be allowed without
proof. The defendant has a right to be heard on the question
of damages, ^^^ and may reduce them to a nominal amount. ^^'
* Where there is a demurrer to evidence and a joinder,
the court may have the damages assessed by the jmy con-
ditionally, or they may discharge the jury, leaving the damages
to be assessed by another jury, should the demurrer be over-
ruled.^^* ** If a demmrer to a declaration in a suit by drawer
•™ Georgia: McPhereon v. Chandler, Missouri: State v. Dickmann (Mo.
72 S. E. 948. App.), 124 S. W. 29 (in defamation).
Indiana: Blizzard v. Applegate, 61 New York: Bradner i;. Faulkner, 93
Ind. 368 (except by statute, in def- N. Y. 515.
amation). See Georgia: Atlantic C. L. R. R. v.
Michigan: Osbom v. LoveU, 36 Mich. Powell, 127 Ga. 805, 56 S. E. 1006,
246. 9 L. R. A. (N. S.) 769.
Missouri: Beck v. Dowell, 40 Mo. "z Hanley w. Sutherland, 74 Me. 212.
App. 71 (except by statute, in defama- "' Crogan v. Schiele, 53 Conn. 186,
tion). 55 Am. Rep. 88.
Vermont: Collins v. Perkins, 31 Vt. ^'* Ftorida: Hanover F. I. Co. v.
624. Lewis, 23 Fla. 193. ,
^'^ Kentucky: Cincinnati, N. O. & Indiana: Andrews v. Hammond, 8
T. P. Ry. V. Crabtree, 100 S. W. 318, Blackf. 540.
30 Ky. L. Rep. 1000. See Bull. N. P. 314, 2 Tidd's Pr. 786.
164
2610 PLEADING AND PRACTICE §§ 1273, 1274
against acceptor be overruled, the court may, in Indiana, assess
the damages so far as the amount due on the bill is concerned;
but as to the costs of the protest, if chargeable at all, there
must be a jury.^^'' So upon any undisputed document the
court may assess damages without a jury; ^^^ but where a
doubtful question of fact is involved, like interest on a foreign
judgment, a jury must be called in.^^' On a venire tarn quam,
to try an issue as to one count, and assess contingent damages
on demurrer to others, if the plaintiff be nonsuited as to the
issue, he cannot proceed to assess contingent damages on the
counts demurred to.'^* When a declaration in assumpsit
contains a common count, after judgment for the plaintiff
on demurrer, a writ of inquiry should be awarded to ascertain
the damages. ^^' In Connecticut, however, it is said that "an
inquest is merely to inform the conscience of the court," and
may therefore be dispensed with; and the practice in that
State, when a demurrer by the defendant is overruled, is for
the court to assess damages in all cases. ^^'' In Maine the
plaintiff has the option of demanding a jury.'" In Illinois
the court may assess damages without a jury."^
§ 1273. Upon plea in abatement.
Where issue on a plea in abatement is found for the plaintiff,
the judgment against the defendant is final, and the same jury
should assess the damages. If they fail, however, to do so,
under the practice in Kentucky, a jury to inquire of damages
may be called, instead of ordering a venire de novo.^^^
§ 1274. Upon plea to the damage.
* There has been much discussion how far a plea can be put
in to the damage only; and the reasonable rule appears to be
12S Phipps V. Addison, 7 Blackf. 375. '^r Evans v. Irvin, 1 Port. 390.
In the same State, in debt t)n a sheriff's '^ Packard v. Hill, 7 Cow. 434.
bond upon the execution of a writ of i^' Stanton v. Henderson, 1 Ind. 69.
inquiry, after a demurrer to the repli- "" Havens v. Hartford & N. H. R. R.
cation, assigning breaches has been 28 Conn. 69, 91.
overruled, the quantum of the relator's "i Hanley v. Sutherland 74 Me.
damages is the only subject of inquiry. 212.
Clark V. The State, 7 Blackf. 570. "2 Hopkins v. Ladd, 36 III. 178.
"8 Harrington v. Witherow, 2 Blackf. "' Weathers v. Mudd, 12 B Mon
37. 112.
§ 1275 UPON DEFAULT 2611
that such a plea is bad, unless the damage is so essentially
the cause of action that without it the suit could not be main-
tained.^**** So where the defendant rightfully entered the
plaintiff's close, but did unnecessary damage in carrying away
goods, damage being the cause of action, it was held that a
plea denying unnecessary damage was an issuable allegation.'*^
But where a complaint alleged the monthly rental value of
premises to be $125, and the answer denied that the value was
more than $75, it was held that no judgment could issue with-
out a finding of the value.'*®
§ 1275. Upon default.
A judgment by default is an admission of the plaintiff's
right to recover damages, but not as to the amount of damages;
and upon a writ of inquiry, the defendant has a right to cross-
examine the plaintiff's witnesses,'" and the plaintiff has the
right to open and close.'** The plaintiff, on default, must
prove his damages, or he can recover nominal damages only.'*^
So where, in an action for trespass, the plaintiff took judgment
by default, but gave no evidence of circumstances of aggi'ava-
tion, it was held that although these were alleged in the plead-
ings, they were not admitted by the default, and exemplary
damages could not be given.'*" So in an action for injury to
property through negUgence, it was held that, upon an assess-
ment of damages after default, the defendant could reduce the
amount to nominal damages by showing that there was no
i'« New Jersey: Hopple v. Higbee, 23 Illinois: Chicago & R. I. R. R. v.
N. J. L. 342. Ward, 16 lU. 522.
New York: Saltus v. Kip, 2 Abb. Pr. "* Wausau Boom Co. v. Dunbar, 75
382. Wis. 133, 43 N. W. 739.
England: Robinson v. Marchant, 7 ^'•^ Kentucky: Daniel v. Judy, 14 B.
Q. B. 918; Wilby v. Elston, 8 C. B. 142; Mon. 393.
Reindel u. Schell, 4 Jur. (N. S.) 310, New Hampshire: Willson v. Willson,
27 L. J. (C. P.) 146. 25 N. H. 229, 57 Am. Dec. 320.
"5 Carpenter v. Barber, 44 Vt. 441. New York: Connoss v. Meir, 2 E. D.
"6 Chuck V. Quan Wo Chong (Cal.), Smith, 314; Hackett v. Richards, 3
28 Pac. 45. E. D. Smith, 13.
'" Arkansas: Thompson v. Haislip, North Carolina: McLeod v. Nimocks,
14 Ark. 220; Mizell v. McDonald, 25 122 N. C. 437, 29 S. E. 577.
Ark. 38. "» Chicago & I. R. R. v. Baker, 73
Florida: Russ v. Gilbert, 19 Fla. 54, 111. 316.
45 Am. Rep. 1.
2612 PLEADING AND PRACTICE § 1276
negligence on his part."^ But the jury cannot, after a de-
fault, find for the defendant; "^ they must find at least one
mill as damages."' The court may, as in case of demurrer
overruled, assess damages where the amount is certain; but
the value of foreign money must be found by a jury,"^ and so
in any case where questions of fact are involved."^
§ 1276. Entire or several damages— Joinder of good and bad
counts.
* We have already said, that an important question may arise
as to the assessment of entire or several damages. The jury
may assess entire or distinct damages on each of the counts,
when separate injuries have been proved. If distinct damages
be assessed, judgment may be given on either of the counts;
but if the jury find entire damages on all the counts, the judg-
ment must be entire; and in this case, if one of the counts be
insufficient, judgment will be arrested, or a writ of error be
sustainable."^ This may be where a good count is joined
to a bad count; or where a bad assignment of breaches is joined
with good; or where counts, though good in themselves, are
improperly joined; or where a single count contains good and
bad causes of action; and in those cases, if general damages
be assessed, the practice has been different. If the verdict
can be amended or applied to the good counts, this in some
"' Batchelder v. Bartholomew, 44 that it did not apply to criminal prose-
Conn. 494. cutions. But in O'Connell v.
1" Ellis V. State, 2 Ind. 262. nam, 9 Jurist, 25, the same principle
1" Frazier v. Lomax, 1 D. C. (1 Cr. was applied to an indictment for con-
C. C.) 328. In Lower Canada it seems spiracy. See, also, Cheetham v. Til-
that the court always assesses dam- lotson, 5 Johns. 430. The rule in civil
ages upon default. Vadebonoocur v. actions has been affirmed in England.
Mason, 5 Rev. Leg. 238. Eliot v. Allen, 1 C. B. 18. Where a
1" Maunsell v. Massareene, 5 T. R. breach gives no data to regulate the
87. assessment of damages, though it neg-
>" Maund v. Loeb, 87 Ala. 374. ative the words of the condition of the
i« Chitty on Pleading, vol. i, p. 447; bond, it is not well assigned. People
Hambleton v. Veere, 2 Saunders, 169; v. Russell, 4 Wend. 570. But if so as-
Eddowes v. Hopkins, 1 Doug. 376; signed that the plaintiff would be en-
Grant V. Astle, 2 Doug. 722. In this titled to nominal damages only, it is
case Lord Mansfield, while he main- not enough. Albany Dutch Church
tained the doctrine, declared the rule v. Vedder, 14 Wend. 165; Backus v.
"inconvenient, ill-founded, and ab- Richardson, 5 Johns. 476.
surd," and called attention to the fact,
§ 1277 JUDGMENT WHEN AREESTED 2613
cases will be done.^^^ And it has been said, in England, to be a
settled rule that, "if the same count contains two demands or
complaints, for one of which the action Ues, and not for the
other, all the damages shall be referred to the good cause of
action, although it would be otherwise if they were in separate
counts." 1^8
§ 1277. Judgment when arrested.
But if the verdict cannot be awarded or apphed to the good
counts, th^n the question is, whether the cause should be tried
again, or the judgment entirely arrested. In some cases the
judgment has been arrested; "' and this stUl seems the practice
in England, where counts, good in themselves, were improperly
joined, which is in truth a misjoinder of causes of action; ""
but where good counts are joined with bad, the rule now seems
to be that a new trial will be awarded. ^^^ Such seems the well-
settled system in England; but in some parts of our Union, a
more rational rule has been adopted. In Connecticut, the Su-
preme Court has said, that "if there be good and bad counts,
or good and bad matter in the same count, the presumption,
in our courts, is, that damages are given on the good parts." ^^^
So, in Ohio, if the declaration contains a good count among
defective counts, the court on error will intend that the verdict
was well taken on the good count, unless the record shows that
it was rendered upon those that were defective."^ Mr. Ser-
geant Williams, in his valuable notes to Saimders' Reports, ^^*
after collecting a great number of cases on this subject, observes
that the result of them all appears to be, that where it is ex-
'" Chitty on Pleadings, 448. verse the judgment. Gordon v. Ken-
i« Doe d. Lawrie v. Dyeball, 8 B. & nedy, 2 Binn. 287; Lewis v. Witham,
C. 70; Kitchenman v. Skeel, 3 Ex. 49. 2 Strange, 1185.
"' Com. Dig. Damages, E. 5; Comer "" Johnson v. Mullin, 12 Ohio, 10;
V. Shew, 4 M. & W. 163. Where the Chisom v. School District, 19 Ohio, 289.
plaintiff declares upon a contract con- "' Kitchenman v. Skeel, 3 Ex. 49.
sisting of several parts, and assigns, "^ Graves u. Waller, 19 Conn. 90;
among other breaches, one which from ace, Leach v. Thomas, 2 M. & W. 427;
his own showing, could not have taken Emblin v. Dartnell, 12 M. & W. 830.
place before the action was brought, "' Hopkins v. Beedle, 1 Caines, 347;
the court cannot intend that the dam- Lyle v. Clason, 1 Caines, 581.
ages, if assessed generally, were given '" Note to Hambleton v. Veere, 2
only for that matter in the count which Saund. 169, 171.
was actionable, and therefore will re-
2614 Pleading and practice § 1278
pressly and positively averred in the declaration that the
plaintiff has sustained damages for a cause arising subsequent
to the commencement of his suit, or previous to his having any
right of action, and the jury gives entire damages, the judg-
ment will be arrested. But when the cause of action is properly
laid, and the other matter comes in either under a scilicet, or is
void, insensible, or impossible, and it therefore caimot be in-
tended that the jury ever had it under their consideration, the
plaintiff will be entitled to judgment."^ The better mode, of
com-se, where any difficulty of this kind is apprehended, is to
assess the damages severally on each count. In such case the
judgment wiU be arrested only on the count that is bad.^^'
§ 1278. Cotint bad in part.
So, part of a coimt may be bad; and in such a case,"^ in an
action of covenant for quiet enjoyment, the plaintiff had
averred by way of special damages, after setting out an evic-
tion, that he had lost divers large sums of money expended on
and about improving the premises ; it was insisted that, as part
of the special damage did not fall within the covenant, and the
jmy had assessed general damages, the whole was erroneous.
But Abbott, C. J., intimated that, the whole declaration con-
sisting of one count, after verdict it was to be presumed that
the judge, at the trial, directed the jury to confine their atten-
tion to that part of the special damage only which was relevant
to the covenant broken. So, in New York, it has been held
that where a coimt contains two separate and distinct allega-
tions of damages, one actionable and the other not, no motion
in arrest of judgment wiU be sustained; for the coiui; wiU intend,
after verdict, that the damages were only given for the action-
able part of the declaration.^** ** So, in slander, if the words
1" Steele v. Western Inland L. N. i" Campbell v. LevfTS, 3 B. & Aid.
Co., 2 Johns. 286. 392.
i» Hayter v. Moat, 2 M. & W. 56. i» Steele v. Western I. L. N. Co., 2
In the case of Gregory v. The Duke of Johns. 286; Osbom's Case, 10 Coke,
Brunswick, 7 Scott's N. R. 972, the 130; Lloyd v. Morris, Willes R. 443;
jury having found a general verdict for 5 Bac. Abr. 249. This rule was also
the defendants, the court refused to followed by the New York Supreme
award a venire de novo on the groimd Court. Edwards v. Reynolds, Hill &
that they had not assessed damages on D. Supp. 53. But in the New York
the issue at law. ' Superior Court it has been held, that
§ 1279 JOINT TORTS 2615
are all spoken at one time and aU embraced in one coimt, and
among them are any that will maintain the action, a verdict
for the plaintiff will be good, since it will be intended that the
damages are for the actionable words only, and that the others
were alleged for aggravation. But if the action be for different
words spoken at different times, and will lie for the one, but
not for the other, a general verdict for entire damages will not
be good.^^'
§ 1279. Joint torts.
*In regard to the verdict, the question of severance is im-
portant in another point of view. Where several persons are
jointly charged in an action of tort, as of assault, battery, and
false imprisonment, and they either plead jointly, or sever in
their pleas, or one suffers judgment to go by defaidt, if the jury
assesses several damages, the verdict is wrong, and the judg-
ment will be erroneous, ^^ for the trespass being jointly charged,
and the jury finding them jointly guilty, the damages cannot
be separated, and consequently the verdict should be for the
amount which the most culpable ought to pay.** In many
cases of joint trespass and several damages given, the plaintiff
is permitted to enter one joint judgment against all, assuming
the largest sum assessed against any one as the damages
against all, de rmlioribus damnis.^^^ So where a joint tort had
been committed, and the referee found that the plaintiffs had
where damages have been assessed by New York: Bohim v. Taylor, 6 Cow.
the jury in one sum upon two items of 313; Beal v. Finch, 11 N. Y. 128.
claim, on one of which plaintiff was Pennsylvania: Wakely v. Hart, 6
entitled to recover, while on the other Binn. 316, 319.
he was not, and they cannot be severed Virginia: Crawford v. Morris, 5
and apportioned by the appellate court, Gratt. 90.
there must be a new trial, unless the England: Salmon v. Smith, 1 Saun-
plaintiff will remit the damages en- ders, 207, note 2; Hill v. Goodchild, 5
tirely. Sherry v. Frecking, 4 Duer, Burr. 2790; Mitchell ». Milbank, 6 T. K.
452. 199; Brown v. Allen, 4 Esp. 158.
"'Empson f. GriflBn, 11 A. & E. 186. In Tennessee it was held that the
™ Connecticut: Bostwick v. Lewis, plaintiff could have several judgments
1 Day, 33. against joint trespassers, but only one
Illinois: Yeazel v. Alexander, 58 111. satisfaction. Brison v. Dougherty, 3
254. Baxter, 93.
Massachusetts: Kennebeck Purchase ^' Halsey v. Woodruff, 9 Pick. 555;
V. Boulton, 4 Mass. 419; Halsey v. Fuller v. Chamberlain, 11 Met. 503.
Woodruff, 9 Pick. 555.
2616 PLEAIUNG AND PEACTICE §§ 1280, 1281
been damaged by one of the defendants to the amount of $600,
and by the other to the amount of $150, it was held by the
Superior Court of New York that the judgment was rightly
entered against both in the larger amount. "^ Or the error may
be cured by entering a nolle prosequi against one, and taking
judgment against the other. ^'^
§ 1280. Several torts by different defendants in the same suit.
* But, on the other hand, if the charge is several, the rule is
the reverse. So, in an action against divers persons found
guilty of several takings or offences, damages ought to be as-
sessed against them severally; as in trespass for battery and
goods, if oiie be found guilty for the battery, and the other for
the goods taken.
So, if against three defendants, one demurs, another makes
default, and a third joins issue; on the trial several damages
shall be assessed against those who demur and naake de-
fault, i^* **
§ 1281. Award of arbitrators.
* It has been held in England, that where a verdict is taken
at Nisi Prius, subject to the award of an arbitrator, to whom
all matters in difference are referred, he cannot award a greater
sum than that for which the verdict was taken. But this does
not apply to the action of debt.^*^ **
^^^ Alabama: Hair v. Little, 28 Ala. Mississippi: Hardy v. Thomas, 23
236. Miss. 544, 57 Am. Dec. 152.
4-rkansas: Clark v. Bales, 15 Ark. New York: Holley v. Mix, 3 Wend.
452. 350, 20 Am. Dec. 702.
Mississippi: Bell v. Morrison, 27 Canada: Clissold v. Machell, 26 Up.
Miss. 68. Can. Q. B. 422.
New York: O'Shea v. Kirker, 4 Bogw. ^' Com. Dig. Damages, E. 5; Chap-
120. man v. House, 2 Str. 1140. In New
But in Clissold v. Machell, 26 Up. York, in an action against several, if
Can. Q. B. 422, it was held that if judg- one pleads to issue and another suffers
ment were entered against two defend- judgment by default, damages must be
ants upon a verdict of this nature, it assessed against both at the same time,
must be for the smaller amount. by the jury who try the issue. Van
183 District of Columbia: Conner v. Schaick v. Trotter, 6 Cow. 599.
Cockerill, 4 D. C. (4 Cr. C. C.) 3. i«= Bonner v. Charlton, 5 East, 139;
Minnesota: Warren v. Westrup, 44 Annan v. Job, 10 Jurist, 1083.
Minn. 237, 20 Am. St. Rep. 578, 46
N. W. 347.
§§ 1282-1284 FORM OF verdict 2617
§ 1282. Costs.
Costs are an incident to the judgment, and cannot be al-
lowed by the jury as damages. ^'^ And although if a jiu-y ask
what amount of damages will carry costs, there is no reason
why the judge should not tell them, as it is a part of the law,^*''
yet their having given a verdict in ignorance that it will not
carry costs, is no reason why it should be disturbed after it is
recorded. ^^* And it is said that a verdict, the amount of which
is adjusted by a jury for the purpose of giving or withholding
costs, cannot be sustained.'^' So where, in an action of tres-
pass, the jury rendered a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for
costs, it was held that such a verdict and the judgment thereon
were nullities; that in legal effect this was a finding in favor of
the defendant, and the law carried the costs in his favor against
the plaintiff. 1™
§ 1283. Obsolete judgment of " damage clear."
* There was formerly, in England, a charge on the plaintiff's
judgment called damage clear, which was a payment required
to be made of twelve pence in the pound; but it seems to have
been long since aboUshed; for, in an early case, it appears that
the court thought it "hard that the plaintiffe should be estopt
of his judgement till he had paid his damages cleere," and they
resolved to amend it."^ **
§ 1284. Form of verdict.
In an action to recover money, the jiu-y should find for the
plaintiff the amount of his debt as proved, and the damages
separately; and the judgment should follow the verdict. Yet
where the verdict and judgment give, in an aggregate sum as
damages, the amount of the debt and legal interest thereon
from the time when due until the time of the verdict, if the
total amount found by the verdict for damages does not ex-
ceed the principal and interest due or the sum laid as damages
in the declaration, such verdict will not be held invalid, but
i" Shay V. Tuolumne Water Co., 6 ^'^ Russell v. Weneweser, 2 Ir. R. C.
Cal. 286. L. 427, 431.
1" Steketee v. Kimm, 48 Mich. 322. "» Mangham v. Reed, 11 Ga. 137.
158 Kilmore v. Abdoolah, 27 L. J. Ex. "' Thorp's Case, March, 75.
307.
2618 PLEADING AND PRACTICE § 1285
will authorize and support a judgment for the sum in damages
so found. 1" In South Carolina, where in debt on a bond, the
jury, in finding for the plaintiff on the general issue, assess the
damages (as, under the practice there, is proper), and allow
the plaintiff only the principal sum due, but not the interest,
to which he is entitled, his only remedy is by appeal. Judg-
ment for the interest, non obstante veredicto, will not be allowed,
nor can he collect it by marking it for collection on the^. fa."^
§ 1286. Damages as affecting jurisdiction.
* An important question as to damages with reference to
pleading is presented in the United States, in regard to the
jurisdiction of those courts which are prohibited from taking
cognizance of any cases, unless a certain pecuniary amount is
in controversy; as in regard to the Circuit Courts, which do not
usually exercise their jurisdiction over cases involving less than
five hundred dollars; and the Supreme Court of the United
States, the appellate jurisdiction of which, in like manner,
commences at the sum of five (formerly two) thousand dollars.
And it has been frequently decided "that the damages claimed
in the writ and declaration are the sum in controversy." Even
if the plaintiff recover less than five hundred dollars, it cannot
affect the jurisdiction of the court if a greater sum be claimed
in his writ."* But on application to remove a suit from the
State court, it has been intimated that the amount in the dec-
laration is not conclusive, and that the plaintiff's affidavit may
be received to controvert it."^
On a writ of error, though the verdict in the Circuit Court
was for less than two thousand dollars, but more than that
sum was claimed in the declaration, if the plaintiff brought
error, the Supreme Court had jurisdiction (before the limit was
changed) ; for the judgment might be reversed, and the whole
amount claimed recovered."" But this is not so if the writ of
error is brought by the defendant."' In such case the amount
in controversy is to be decided by the sum in controversy at
"2 Young V. Chandler, 13 B. Mon. "« People v. Judges of N. Y. C. P., 2
252. Denio, 197.
"3 Gourdin v. Read, 10 Rich. L. 217. ™ Gordon v. Ogden, 3 Pet. 33, 7
"* Gordon v. Longest, 16 Pet. 97, L. ed,
104, 10 L. ed. 900. "' Smith v. Honey, 3 Pet. 469, 7 L.
§ 1286 HiGitT TO fiEom 2619
the time of the judgment, and not by any subsequent additions
thereto, such as interest. The court cannot look beyond the
time of the judgment, in order to ascertain whether a writ of
error lies or not."*
And where the demand is not for money, and the nature of
the action does not require the value of the thing demanded
to be stated in the declaration, the recognized practice of the
courts of the United States has been to allow the value to be
given in evidence."' **
In the State courts, in actions of tort, the damages claimed
usually determine the jurisdiction as to amount.^*" But under
the Indiana Code, the damages laid in the conclusion of the
complaint do not enlarge the claim of the plaintiff so as to de-
feat the jurisdiction of a court limited in jurisdiction to a
specified amount, if it appear by the statement of the plain-
tiff's cause of action that he cannot be entitled to recover as
much as the limit within which the jurisdiction is confined. ^^^
In an action of contract it was held in Maryland that the
amount recovered, not that laid in the declaration, determines
the jurisdiction, and if in a court which has no jurisdiction of
claims under a certain amount a verdict is returned for less
than that amount, the court has no jurisdiction to proceed
further with the case.^^^
§ 1286. Right to begin.
* If the rules of pleading are correctly followed, the only re-
maining questions in regard to damages are those which come
properly under the head of practice. The most important of
these is that which presents itself at the trial of the cause in
regard to the right to begin, as it is called; or, in other words,
ed. 744. See, also, Wilson v. Daniel, 3 "« Enapp v. Banks, 2 How. 73, 11
Dall. 401; United States v. M'Dowell, 4 L. ed. 184. See, also, Wilson v. Sand-
Cranch, 316; Course v. Stead, 4 Dall. ford, 10 How. 99, 13 L. ed. 344.
22; Brown D. Barry, 3 Dall. 365; United ™ Ex parte Bradstreet, 7 Pet. 634,
States V. The Union, 4 Cranch, 216, 2 8 L. ed. 810; United States v. The
L. ed. 600; Peyton v. Robertson, 9 Union, 4 Cranch, 216, 2 L. ed. 600;
Wheat. 527, 6 L. ed. 151; Ritchie v. Course f. Stead, 4 Dall. 22.
Mauro, 2 Pet. 243, 7 L. ed. 411; Scott i™ Aulick v. Adams, 12 B. Mon. 104.
V. Lunt, 6 Pet. 349, 8 L. ed. 423; '" Collins v. Shaw, 8 Ind. 516.
United States v. Macdaniel, 7 ,Pet. 1, i'" Rohr v. Anderson, 51 Md. 205,
8 L. ed. 587. 218.
2620 PLEADING AND PRACTICE § 1286
in what cases does the necessity of proving damages give the
plaintiff a right to open and close the cause, where the affirma-
tive of the issue is with the defendant. The importance of this
subject has been clearly stated by a judge of great experience:
"It unhappily still remains of great importance to the admin-
istration of justice by a jury, that the right to begin should be
correctly adjudicated on; for all who are conversant with those
trials at Nisi Prius, in which the address of counsel may materi-
ally affect the result, well know that the issue often ultimately
depends on the decision of the question, which party has a
right to begin." ^*'
In England, it has at length been settled by a rule of all the
judges, that the plaintiff shall begin in all actions for personal
injuries, Ubel, and slander though the general issue may not be
pleaded, and the affirmative be on the defendant in actions of
contract; ^** however, the subject is stiU involved in uncer-
tainty. An effort has been made to make the right depend on
whether the plaintiff goes for substantial rehef or for nominal
damages; but the point does not appear to have been yet au-
thoritatively settled. ^^^
"In this country," says Mr. Greenleaf, in his very valuable
work on Evidence, "it is generally deemed a matter of discre-
tion, to be ordered by the judge at the trial, as he may think
most conducive to the administration of justice; but the weight
of authority, as well as the analogies of the law, seem to be in
favor of giving the opening and closing of the cause to the plain-
tiff, wherever the damages are in dispute, unliquidated, and to
be settled by the jury upon such evidence as may be adduced,
and not by computation alone." ^*^ This language seems to
ascribe a greater discretion to the judge trsdng the cause, and
to open the door to greater laxity than is in fact allowed. In
■" Pollock, C. B., in Ashby v. Bates, >85 Chapman v. Rawson, 8 Q. B. 673;
15 M. & W. 589, 594, where a new trial Cannam v. Farmer, 2 Car. & Kir. 747.
was ordered because of an erroneous In the Exchequer, the crown has the
ruling at Nisi Prius as to the right to right to a general reply in all cases
begin. See, also, Booth v. Millns, 15 where the crown has an interest. Mar-
M. & W. 669. quis of Chandos v. Commrs. of Inland
'" Greenleaf on Evidence, § 76, 3d Revenue, 20 L. J. Exch. 269.
ed. 149; Mercer v. Whall, 9 Jur. 576, ^^ 1 Greenleaf on Evidence, 14th ed.,
5 Q, B. 447. § 76, p. 107, where cases will be found.
§ 1286a DAMAGES ON APPEAL 2621
Massachusetts, it has been said, citing with approbation the
language of Lord Denman, in Mercer v. Whall: '" "Wherever,
from the state of the record at Nisi Prius, there is anything to
be proved by the plaintiff, whether as to the facts necessary for
his obtaining a verdict, or as to the amount of damages, the
plaintiff is entitled to begin. But where the onus probandi lies
in the first instance on the defendant, he is entitled to begin." ^^^
So, in the same State, when in trespass the defendant pleads
soil and freehold in himself, without any other plea, and issue
is joined thereon, the right of opening and closing the argument
before the jury belongs to the defendant. ^'^ So, in the same
State, on the hearing before a jury to reassess damages for
taking land for a railroad, the party claiming damages has the
right to open and close, and a contrary ruUng at the trial was
held erroneous."" **
§ 1286a. Damages on appeal.
In case of a frivolous or unnecessary appeal, damages are
often allowed by statute or local practice. Thus it is a common
practice for the Appellate Court to increase the judgment by
6% or 10% for a frivolous appeal, taken obviously for delay
merely."^
'" 5 Q. B. 447. Missouri: Tobin v. Missouri Pac.
188 Conn. River R. R. v. Clapp, 1 R. R., 18 S. W. 996 (no damages where
Cush. 559, 563. the appeal was in good faith).
180 Davis V. Mason, 4 Pick. 156. New York: Jackson v. Rochester, 124
1" Conn. River R. R. v. Clapp, 1 N. Y. 624, 26 N. E. 326.
Cush. 559. Pennsylvania: O'Donnell v. Broad,
^^'^ United States (by rule of court): 149 Pa. 24, 27 Atl. 305; Martin v.
Barrow v. Hill, 13 How. 54, 14 L. ed. 48; Rider, 181 Pa. 265, 37 Atl. 403.
Kilboume v. State Inst., 22 How. 503, Texas: Montgomery v. Buckskin
16 L. ed. 370; Prentice v. Pickersgill, 6 Breeches Co. (Tex. Civ. App.), 116
Wall. 511, 18 L. ed. 790; Amory v. S. W. 139.
Amory, 91 U. S. 356, 23 L. ed. 436. No Wisconsin: Ramsay v. Davis, 20
damages will be allowed unless the Wis. 31; Ossouski ;;. Wiesner, 101 Wis.
appeal was for delay. Cotton v. Wal- 238, 77 N. W. 184. No damages will
lace, 3 Dall. 302. The allowance is be allowed unless the appeal was clearly
entirely in the discretion of the court, frivolous and in bad faith. Morse v.
Boyce v. Grundy, 9 Pet. 275, 9 L. ed. Buffalo Ins. Co., 30 Wis. 534, 11 Am.
127. Rep. 587; Northwestern L. I. Co. v.
California: Bell v. Camm, 10 Cal. Irish, 38 Wis. 361.
App. 388, 102 Pac. 225. In Washington the cause for award
Illinois: Minnesota M. L. I. Co. v. of damages must be apparent on the
Link, 230 111. 273, 82 N. E. 637. record. Seattle & M. R. R. u. Joergen-
2622
PLEADING AND PRACTICE
§ 1:286b
§ 1286b. Damages on dissolution of injunction.
It has already been seen "^ that an injunction bond is usually
required before an interlocutory injunction will be granted.
Where a bond has not been required, damages may be assessed
on the dissolution of a temporary injunction; these will be
assessed on the same principles that regulate the damages on
an injunction bond."'
son, 3 Wash. 622, 29 Pac. 88; Walter v.
Maresch, 3 Wash. 624, 29 Pao. 205;
Wheeler v. Commercial Investment
Co., 22 Wash. 546, 61 Pac. 715; HalUdie
Mach. Co. V. Hayden-Coeur d'Alene
Irr. Co., 56 Wash. 11, 105 Pac. 140.
In Kentucky damages are allowed
only in the case of money judgments
which may be enforced by execution
or similar process. Worsham v. Lan-
caster, 104 Ky. 813, 48 S. W. 410;
Hatfield v. HoUoway, 106 S. W. 1192.
192 Ante, §§ 685 et seq.
"' Illinois: Dempster v. Lansingh,
234 111. 381, 84 N. E. 1032 (aUowance
of counsel fees) ; Howard v. Burke, 248
111. 224, 93 N. E. 775 (counsel fees).
Mississippi: Curphy v. Terrell, 89
Miss. 624, 42 So. 235 (counsel fees).
Tennessee: Collins v. Crownover, 57
S. W. 357.
Texas: Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Ware, 74 Tex. 47, 11 S. W. 918 (ex-
penses of dissolution); Galveston C.
R. R. V. Miller (Tex. Civ. App.), 38
S. W. 1132 (loss of time and profits);
Hermann v. Allen (Tex. Civ. App.),
118 S. W. 794 (delay in removal of
building).
England: Mansell v. British L. C.
Bank, [1892] 3 Ch. 159 (diminution in
value of shares).
In Louisiana, by statute, damages
cannot exceed 20%, which includes
attorney's fees. Schwann v. Sanders,
121 La. 461, 46 So. 573; Rivet v. George
M. Murrell P. & M. Co., 121 La. 201,
46 So. 210.
CHAPTER LVI
EVIDENCE
1287.
Mode of proof.
§ 1298.
Evidence of sales.
1288.
Exceptions to common-law
1299.
Offers — Price-lists — Quota-
rule excluding testimony of
tions — Appraisals.
party.
1300.
Presumption against defend-
1289.
Abrogation of common-law
ant.
rule.
1301.
Estoppel.
1290.
Witness to testify to facts, not
1302.
Value of construction.
opinions.
1303.
Of services.
1291.
Experts.
1304.
Other value.
1292.
Confined to matters of art and
1305.
Evidence of malice or inten-
skill.
tion — Appraisals .
1293.
Opinions as to quantum of
1306.
Of the duration of life.
damages.
1307.
Of pain.
1294.
Value — Opinions of value.
1308.
Of a former verdict.
1295.
Value of lands and leases.
1309.
Physical examination.
1296.
Of chattels — Opinions of
1310.
Approximate evidence.
value.
1310a,
, Damage imported from the
1297.
Market value.
circumstances.
§ 1287. Mode of proof.
* We have now to consider the mode of proof by which
claims to damage are substantiated. The rules which govern
evidence as applied to fix the measure of relief, are neither
numerous nor complex, but they deserve careful attention.
We have seen that in the early stages of the civil law, the
plaintiff was allowed to fix the amount of the compensation to
which he conceived himself entitled, subject only to the re-
straining hand of the judex. In the common law, independ-
ently of statutory innovation, the rule was carried to the other
extreme; for, as a general principle, neither party to the record
was allowed to give testimony in any branch of the case. But
to this rule certain exceptions were introduced.
§ 1288. Exceptions to common-law rule excluding testimony
of party.
The oath of the party was admitted by the common law, in
respect of a lost deed or other paper, preparatory'to the intro-
2623
2624 EVIDENCE § 1288
duction of secondary evidence to prove its contents. So, too,
in complaints under bastardy acts, the oath of the female was
admitted to charge the defendant with the paternity of the
offspring. So, again, the rule was relaxed in order to prove the
amount of compensation to which a party was entitled; thus,
the oath of the plaintiff was admitted in many States of the
Union to prove the truth of entries in his books of goods de-
livered in small amounts or of daily labor performed, when the
party, from his situation, has no evidence but the accounts
kept by himself, and where, as a general thing, from the nature
of the trafl&c or service, he could not have. So, too, where
robberies or larcenies had been committed, and no evidence
existed but that of the party robbed or plundered, he has been
admitted as a witness to prove his loss; for it was said that in
these cases the party injured should have an extraordinary-
remedy in odium spoliatoris. On this ground, in an action
against the hundred under the English statute of Winton, the
person robbed was admitted as a witness to prove his loss and
the amount of it.^ So, in Pennsylvania, in an action against
the county for the destruction of property by a mob, the plain-
tiff was allowed to prove ownership and the value of wearing
apparel destroyed,^ but not the destruction of household furni-
ture, because there the argmnent ex necessitate did not apply.'
So, also, in equity, where a man ran away with a casket of
jewels, the party injured was admitted as a witness.* So, too,
when the defendant, a shipmaster, broke open and plundered
the plaintiff's trunk, the latter was allowed to testify to the
contents of the trunk. ^
An effort was made in Pennsylvania to extend the principle
of these exceptions to all cases of passengers by public con-
veyances, where there was no criminal nor even tortious act
committed by the defendant beyond mere negUgence; and it
was said that in such cases the plaintiff might testify from
necessity.^ But in Massachusetts this was denied; the old
1 Bui. N. P. 187; Porter v. Hundred M'Gill v. Rowand, 3 Pa. 451, 45 Am.
of Regland, Peake's Add. Cases, 203; Dec. 654.
Snow V. Eastern R. R., 12 Met. 44. ' Ibid.
2 County !). Leidy, 10 Pa. 45. See, 'East India Co. K.Evans, 1 Vera. 305.
also, Clark v. Spense, 10 Watts, 335; ^Herman v. Drinkwater, 1 Me. 27.
« Whitesell v. Crane, 8 W. & S. 369.
§ 1289 ABROGATION OF COMMON-LAW RULE 2625
principle was adhered to, and in a case of mere negligence it
was decided that the plaintiff was not competent, even though
he had no other testimony as to the amount of his loss.'
In New York, the admission of the plaintiff as a witness in
these cases was sanctioned by statute;^ the general railroad act
of that State providing where baggage was properly checked,
that if not dehvered on the production of the check, "the plain-
tiff may himself be a witness, in any suit brought by him, to
prove the contents and value of said baggage." ' **
§ 1289. Abrogation of common-law rule.
Before the abrogation of the common-law rule, the plaintiff
himself, in actions against a common carrier or innkeeper, to
recover for a trunk, etc., lost, was frequently allowed, as we
have seen, to prove its contents.^" But in Garvey v. Camden
& Amboy Railroad " it was held that the rule of evidence which
allowed the plaintiff, in an action against a common carrier, to
recover for a lost trunk, etc., to prove the value of the contents
by his own oath, was confined to cases in which fraud or wrong
is proved upon the defendant, and had no application to cases
of loss through negligence merely. And the jury were not
bound by the evidence of one of the parties to the suit in es-
timating the damages, though there was no other evidence
before them to fix the amount. ^^ It is one of the natural con-
comitants of illness and of physical injuries for the sick or in-
jured persons to complain of pain and distress. And evidence
of such complaints, in connection with other proofs of injury
received, was held admissible from the necessity of the case, in
an action for the injury sustained, to show its extent, etc. Such
evidence did not fall within the rule which excluded declara-
tions of a party in his own favor. ^^
' Snow V. Eastern R. R., 12 Met. 44. Ohio: Mad River & Lake Erie Rail-
» Laws of 1850, c. 140, § 37. road v. Fulton, 20 Ohio, 318.
' As to how far this provision was ap- " 4 Abb. Pr. 171.
plicable to all the railroads existing in >^ Bee Printing Co. v. Hichbom, 4
the State, see Marsh v. New York & All. 63.
Erie R. R., 14 Barb. 364; Milliman v. " Caldwell v. Murphy, 11 N. Y. 416;
Oswego & Syracuse R. R., 10 Barb. 87. and see s. c. below, 1 Duer, 233; see
'" Indiana: Doyle v. Kiser, 6 Ind. 242. to same effect Massachusetts: Bacon v.
New York: Taylor v. Monnot, 1 Abb. Charlton, 7 Cush. 581.
Pr. 325; s. c, 4 Duer, 116. Wisconsin: McKeigue v. Janesville,
165
2626 EVIDENCE § 1290
The original rule of the common law has been now, however,
so far changed, both in England and in this country, by statute,
that the decisions cited in the preceding paragraphs have little
importance. In England, New York, Connecticut, and prob-
ably all other States of the Union, the rule of the common law
has been abrogated, and, with more or fewer exceptions, parties
are permitted to testify in chief and to all facts pertinent to
the case.
§ 1290. Witness to testify to facts, not opinions.
* Another general rule, which pervades all our law, is that the
witness is to testify only to facts. He is to speak as to the
facts which he has heard or seen. His opinion is not to be
given; ^* for it is the opinion of the jury on the testimony
which forms the verdict and decides the case. But to this rule,
again, there are many important exceptions. So, pedigree is
often proved by the hearsay of the family. So, handwriting is
proved by the opinions of those famiUar with the signature of
the party. So, too, the witness has been allowed to state his
opinion in cases of criminal conversation, to show the state of
the affections of the parties. ^^ And, on similar grounds, in
cases of breach of promise of marriage. In an action of the
latter description, the Supreme Court of New York said: "We
do not see how the various facts upon which an opinion of the
plaintiff's attachment must be grounded, are capable of speci-
fication, so as to leave it, like ordinary facts, as a matter of in-
ference, to the jury. It is true, as a general rule, that witnesses
are not allowed to give their opinions to a jury; but there are
exceptions, and we think this one of them. There are a thou-
sand nameless things, indicating the existence and degree of the
tender passion, which language cannot specify. The opinions
of witnesses on this subject must be derived from a series of
instances, passing under their observation, which yet they
never could detail to a jury." i« So, too, evidence of this kind
has been admitted in cases of insanity; but it has been pro-
68 Wis. 60; King v. Oshkosh, 76 Wis. Wisconsin: Blair v. Milwaukee & P
617, 44 N. W. 746. du C. R. R., 20 Wis. 262.
^* Colorado: Montelius v. Atherton, "Trelawney v. Colman, 2 Starkie
6 Colo. 225. 191.
" M'Kee V. Nelson, 4 Cow. 355.
§ 1291 EXPERTS 2627
nounced by a very able judge, "the most unsatisfactory, and
the least to be depended on." " ** So it has been held proper
to ask a contractor what the amount of his loss is and what the
profit on the work would have been.^^
§ 1291. Experts.
* To the general rule that the witness' opinion cannot be
received as to the amoimt or character of injury sustained,
there are, however, some considerable exceptions. Of these,
perhaps the most comprehensive and important is that which
admits persons of science, or experts in any profession, to
testify as to their opinion on a given state of facts relating to
matters in regard to which their education gives them peculiar
capacity for forming a correct judgment.^'
So, in Massachusetts, on the trial of an action to recover
damages for injury done to the plaintiff's garden and nursery
by smoke, heat, and gas proceeding from the defendant's brick
kiln, two gardeners who had much experience in raising and
cultivating fruit trees, shrubs, and plants, and who had testi-
fied to the particulars of the plaintiff's injury, were allowed to
give their opinion as to the amount of damage. And the court
say: "It seems to us that it would be impracticable to dispense
with this species of testimony, in many actions of trover for
personal property, where no detail of facts could adequately
inform the jury of the value of the articles. The opinion of a
witness, as to the value of a horse, is much more satisfactory
evidence than a detailed statement of his size, color, age, etc.,
to give the jury the requisite information, to enable them to
assess damages for the conversion of such a horse." ^ So, in
an action on a building contract, a mason may be asked how
long, in his opinion, it would take to dry the walls of a house so
" Clark V. Plsher, 1 Paige, 171. Wisconsin: Milwaukee & Mississippi
i^Elizabethtown & P. R. R. v. Pot- R. R. v. Eble, 4 Chand. 72.
tinger, 10 Bush, 185. But in Dunlap v. Snyder, 17 Barb.
" Folkes V. Chadd, 3 Doug. 157. 561, it was held that in an action for
" Massackusetts: Vandine v. Burpee, damages for IdUing a dog, the opinions
13 Met. 288. of witnesses as to the value of the
New York: Nickley v. Thomas, 22 animal were not admissible. See, as
Barb. 652; Smith v. Hill, 22 Barb, to proper evidence of the value of a
656. horse, Carr v. Moore, 41 N. H. 131.
2628 EVIDENCE § 1292
as to render it fit and safe for human habitation.^^ ** A
physician may testify as to the probable effect of an injury on
the future health of the injured party."
But the testimony of experts must not be given at random
or on insufficient or inexact data. So, in an action against the
defendants as carriers, for non-performance of a contract to
carry five stock from several different places to Detroit, where
the circuit judge had allowed a witness to be asked the general
question, what, in his opinion, was the extra shrinkage in con-
sequence of the delay at the several places where the cattle
were loaded, and at Detroit, above what it would have been if
they had gone on in the regular train, and had been unloaded
on arrival, it was held, by the Supreme Court of Michigan,
that, as the different portions of the stock had been on the cars
without food or water for various lengths of time, they must
have been quite differently affected by shrinkage, and the in-
quiry should have been as to each separately. The admission
of the general question was erroneous.^'
§ 1292. Confined to matters of art and skill.
* But this exception is generally strictly limited to the case
of experts in matters of art and skill, and is not enlarged so as
to admit opinion in ordinary cases, where the jury may be
supposed competent to form their judgment from the state-
ment of the facts. Nor where the opinion necessarily degener-
ates into mere conjecture. So, in an action for negligently
injuring and sinking a canal-boat, a boatman who knew the
boat in question previous to her being injured, and swore that
he had raised sunken boats and repaired them, cannot testify
as to his opinion of what the damages would be from the de-
scription of the situation of the boat by the witnesses.^*
In an action on the case against a railroad company for in-
jury to the person of a passenger through the negligence of the
company, evidence of loss sustained by the plaintiff in his
business in consequence of the injury received, is proper to aid
" Smith V. Gugerty, 4 Barb. 614. Donougb, 21 Mich. 165, 4 Am. Rep.
" Jones V. Utica & B. R. R. R., 40 466.
Hvm, 349. " Paige v. Hazard, S Hill, 603.
2' Michigan So. & N. I. R. R. v. Mc-
§ 1293 OPINIONS AS TO QUANTUM OF DAMAGES 2629
the jury in estimating the plaintiff's damages; and for that
purpose the nature of the plaintiff's business, its extent, and
the importance of his personal oversight and superintendence
in conducting it, may be shown; but the opinions of witnesses
as to the amount of loss are inadmissible.^* A party in the city
of New York, whose property is destroyed by the order of the
city officers to stop the spread of a conflagration, is entitled to
an allowance to the full value of the property destroyed, with-
out any deduction for the amount insured, and interest on it;
but the opinions of bystanders, that the buildings destroyed
would have been consumed by the fire if they had not been
blown up, are inadmissible. It was, however, suggested that
perhaps the opinion of firemen and others, having particular
knowledge and experience with reference to fires, might be
received.^* ** Where, by the defendant's tort, the plaintiff's
horse was caused to run away, it was held not to be proper to
show by opinions of witnesses the depreciation in value of the
horse caused by his running away.^'
§ 1293. Opinions as to quantum of damages.
* The general rule which requires a witness to speak to facts
within his knowledge, is applied to the subject of compensa-
tion; the damage must be proved like any other fact in the
cause, and no testimony amounting to mere opinion is com-
petent.^ ** So, in Louisiana, in a suit on a sequestration
^^ Lincoln i/. Saratoga & S. R. R., lovxi: WMtmore v. Bowman, 4
23 Wend. 425. Greene, 148; Harriman v. New Nott-
s' Mayor, etc., of N. Y. v. Pentz, 24 pareU Co., 132 la. 616, 110 N. W. 33.
Wend. 668, 35 Am. Dec. 641. Kansas: Sharon Town Co. v. Morris,
» Van Wagoner «. New York Cement 39 Kan. 377; Ottawa, O. C. & C. G.
Co., 36 Hun, 552. R. R. v. Adolph, 41 Kan. 600.
"^Alabama: Montgomery & W. P. Louisiana: Wilcox v. Leake, 11 La.
R. R. V. Vamer, 19 Ala. 185; Chandler Ann. 178.
V. Bush, 84 Ala. 102. Michigan: Howell v. Medler, 41
Arkansas: St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. Mich. 641.
V. Freeman, 36 Ark. 41; Little Rock, Nebraska: Fremont, E. & M. V.
M. R. & T. Ry. V. Haynes, 47 Ark. 497. R. R. v. Marley, 25 Neb. 138, 40 N.
Georgia: Gilbert v. Cherry, 57 Ga. W. 948, 13 Am. St. Rep. 482; Omaha
128; Central R. R. v. Senn, 73 Ga. 705. v. Kramer, 25 Neb. 489, 41 N. W. 295,
Indiana: Ohio & M. R. R. v. Nick- 13 Am. St. Rep. 504; Jameson v. Kent,
less, 71 Ind. 271; Pittsburgh, C. & St. 42 Neb. 412, 60 N. W. 879.
L. Ry. V. Hjxon, 79 Lid. Ill; Hagaman New York: Morehouse v. Mathews,
V. Moore, 84 Ind. 496. 2 N. Y. 514, 51 Am. Dec. 319; Green
2630 EVIDENCE § 1293
bond, the opinion of witnesses cannot form the basis of a ver-
dict. They should testify to facts, and from those facts the
jury should find the actual damages sustained.^' * So, in
New York, a witness cannot be allowed to give his opinion
as to the amount of damages sustained by a party in conse-
quence of a mill lying still.'" So, the opinions of witnesses as
to the amoimt of damages caused by the deprivation or with-
drawal of water from a tavern, are inadmissible." So, too,
on ascertaining the injury caused by an alleged nuisance, a
witness cannot give his opinion as to the amount of damages.'^
So, in an action for the breach of a covenant contained in a
lease, that the defendant would not let any other mill site on
the same stream, it was held not proper to admit witnesses to
testify to their opinion as to the amount of damage which the
plaintiffs had sustained by the erection of the rival site, and a
new trial was ordered.^'
The objection usually taken is that it usurps the province
of the jury. It is for the jury to determine how much the
property is damaged under the instructions of the court; and
witnesses should always testify to facts. To answer the
question how much a piece of property is "damaged" by a
given injury, is a question which requires for an intelhgent
answer a knowledge of the rule of damages apphcable in the
particular case. For example, in eminent domain cases it
cannot be answered without taking into consideration the
question of benefits. The same property will be damaged
in one amount if benefits are excluded, in another if included.
Hence expert testimony as to "damage," if not absolutely
excluded, should be subjected to the most rigid scrutiny.
This criticism would not apply, however, where the measure
of damages is the mere depreciation in value of property. In
V. Plank, 48 N. Y. 669; Cook v. Brock- Contra, California: Razzo v. Vami,
way, 21 Barb. 331. 81 Cal. 289.
Ohio: Cleveland & P. R. R. v. Ball, =" Bonner v. Copley, 15 La. Ann. 504.
5 Oh. St. 568, 67 Am. Dec. 312. ™ Doolittle v. Eddy, 7 Barb. 75.
Oregon: Montgomeiy v. Somers, 50 " Harger v. Edmonds, 4 Barb. 256;
Ore. 259, 90 Pac. 674. Giles v. O'Toole, 4 Barb. 261.
Washington: Ferguson v. Tobey, 1 '* Fish v. Dodge, 4 Denio, 311.
Wash. 275. ^^ Norman v. Wells, 17 Wend. 137,
161; Fish v. Dodge, 4 Denio, 311, 318.
§ 1293 OPINIONS AS TO QUANTTtfM OF DAMAGES 2631
that case a witness has without doubt the right to state the
value before and after the injury; and as the depreciation is
a mere matter of the subtraction of one of these values from the
other, it involves no question of law. It is therefore held that
where the amount of damages is merely the depreciation in
value of property, a witness is not prevented from giving his
opinion of the depreciation merely because the quantum of
damages happens to coincide with it.'^ As a general rule, the
opinion of a witness as to the amount of damages which a
landholder will sustain by reason of the construction and use
of a railroad, is not evidence.'^ Nor, in an action in the nature
of waste, can he be asked what amount of permanent injury
the premises have sustained by neglect.'^
* It has been decided in Ohio, that a person who is present
during the trial of a cause, and has heard witnesses describe
the manner in which a ford is injured by the erection of a dam
across a stream of water below it, is not competent to give his
opinion of the damages sustained by the party injured."
So, intelligent merchants, well acquainted with the plaintiff and
his business, were held not competent to give an opinion as to
the damage of the plaintiff in being deprived of the advantage
of his own care and oversight.'^ **
If an opinion as to the amount of pecuniary damage is in-
admissible, a fortiori the opinion of a plaintiff as to the amount
of exemplary damages to which he thought himself entitled
cannot be shown. ^^
'* Arkansas: Fayetteville & L. Ry. v. ness cannot state the difference in
Combs, 51 Ark. 324, 11 S. W. 418. values as an estimate of the damage.
Kansas: Topeka v. Martineau, 42 Kansas: Clark v. Ellithorpe, 7 Kan.
Kan. 387. App. 337, 51 Pac. 940.
Kentucky: Elizabethtown & P. R. R. Texas: International & G. N. R. R. v.
V. Pottinger, 10 Bush, 185. Fickey (Tex. Civ. App.), 125 S.W. 327.
Nebraska: Fremont, E. & M. V. R. '^ Atlantic & G. W. R. R. v. Camp-
R. V. Marley, 25 Neb. 138, 40 N. W. bell, 4 Oh. St. 683.
948, 13 Am. St. Rep. 482. » Robinson v. Kinne, 1 T. & C. 60.
New Hampshire: Carter v. Thurston, " Shepherd v. Willis, 19 Oh. 142.
58 N. H. 104, 42 Am. Rep. 584. » Lincoln v. Saratoga & S. R. R., 23
West Virginia: Hargreaves v. Kim- Wend. 431; Norman w. Wells, 17 Wend,
berly, 26 W. Va. 787, 53 Am. Rep. 121. 161; Mayor, etc., of N. Y. v. Pentz, 24
Wisconsin: Neilson v. Chicago, M. Wend. 668, 35 Am. Dec. 641.
& N. W. Ry., 58 Wis. 516. '' Chandler v. Bush, 84 Ala. 102, 4
But it is usually held that the wit- So. 207.
2632 EVIDENCE § 1294
§ 1294. Opinions of value.
Value must necessarily be proved by the opinions of wit-
nesses. To be qualified to give an opinion of the value of
property, one need not necessarily be an expert in the purchase
and sale of such property; it is enough if he have a general
knowledge of the value of such property.^" In Whitney v.
Thacher/i Wells, J., said: "It is not necessary, in order to
quahfy one to give an opinion as to values, that his information
should be of such a direct character as would make it competent
in itself as primary evidence. It is the experience which he
acquires in the ordinary conduct of affairs, and from means
of information such as are usually rehed on by men engaged
in business, for the conduct of that business, that qualifies
him to testify." But the opinion must be founded on reason-
able grounds; where no data exist, no opinion can be given.
So an opinion as to the value of a contemplated business which
was never actually entered upon will not be received.*^
What the owner would take for land cannot be shown in
order to prove its value; nor should the jury be allowed to
take as the value of land the amount they would sell it for if
owners.*^
In connection with value, an expert may state the amount
of hay a meadow would probably yield,** and the amount of
wood which has been cut off certain land.*^ An expert may
give his reason for his opinion.*^ The opinion of an expert
need not be accepted, even if there is no opposing evi-
dence.*^
*» Minnesota: Burger v. Northern P. *' Wakeman v. Wheeler & W. M.
R. R:, 22 Minn. 343. Co., 101 N. Y. 205, 4 N. E. 264, 54 Am.
Missouri: Springfield & S. Ry. e. Rep. 676; Reed v. McConnell, 101 N.
Calkins, 90 Mo. 538, 3 S. W. 82. Y. 270, 4 N. E. 718.
New York: Joy v. Hopkins, 5 Den. *' Kieman v. Chicago, S. F. & C. Ry.,
84. 123 III. 188, 14 N. E. 18.
In Idaho Western Ry. v. Columbia ** Myers v. Charlotte, 146 N. C. 246,
Conference (Ida.), 119 Pac. 60, it was 59 S. E. 674.
held that a witness need not be qual- ** Perry v. Jeffries, 61 S. C. 292, 39
ified to state the value of land taken; S. E. 515.
his opportunity to acquire knowledge « Morrell v. Prieskel (N. J. L.), 74
of values c§in be tested on cross- Atl. 994.
examination. "In re Manhattan Terminal, 120
" 117 Mass. 523. N. Y. Supp. 465.
§1295
VALUE OF LANDS AND LEASES
2633
§ 1295. Value of lands and leases.
One familiar with a parcel of land may give his opinion of its
value.** In a proceeding to take lands under the right of
eminent domain, when opinion as to damages is held competent,
the opinion of the owner *' or of one acquainted with the value '"
may be given both as to the damages sustained and as to the
value of the land left. So, in an action for a nuisance, an archi-
tect, acquainted with the locality, may be asked if the nuisance
depreciated the value of the houses in the neighborhood.*^
So witnesses may give their opinions as to the value of property
with and without public improvements.*^ In Brown v. Prov-
idence & S. Railway,*' however, it was held improper to allow
a farmer to testify as to the value of land for any but farming
purposes; he could not, though acquainted with the land,
testify to its value as a summer resort.
The value of land may be proved also by evidence showing
the value of neighboring land.** In some jurisdictions evi-
*' f/jiiied /States: Montana Ry.t). War-
ren, 137 U. S. 348, 34 L. ed. 681, 11
Sup. Ct. 96.
California: San Diego L. & T. Co. v.
Neale, 78 Cal. 63.
Illinois: White v. Hermann, 51 HI.
243, 99 Am. Dec. 543.
Indiana: Lafayette v. Nagle, 113
Ind. 425.
Iowa: Ball v. Keokuk & N. W. Ry.,
74 la. 132.
Massachusetts: Whitman v. Boston
& M. R. R., 7 AIL 313; Swan v. Middle-
sex Co., 101 Mass. 173.
Minnesota: Derby v. Gallup, 5 Minn.
119.
New York: Clark v. Baird, 9 N. Y.
183; Robertson v. Knapp, 35 N. Y. 91.
Ohio: Cleveland & P. R. R. v. Ball,
5 Oh. St. 568.
Pennsylvania: Kellogg v. Krauser,
14 S. & R. 137; Pennsylvania & N. Y.
R. R. & C. Co. V. Bunnell, 81 Pa. 414.
«Snow V. Boston & M. R. R., 65
Me. 230.
™ Indiana: Frankfort & K. R. R. v.
Windsor, 51 Ind. 238.
Missouri: Springfield & S. Ry. v.
Calkins, 90 Mo. 538.
New York: Argotsinger v. Vines, 82
N. Y. 308.
Pennsylvania: Leiby v. Clear S. W.
Co., 205 Pa. 634, 55 Atl. 782; Hughes
V. Stevens, 36 Pa. 320.
"Gauntlett v. Whitworth, 2 C. &
K. 720.
'^ Georgia: Americus v. Tower, 3 Ga.
App. 159, 59 S. E. 434.
Indiana: Yost v. Conroy, 92 Ind.
464, 47 Am. Rep. 156.
So as to the value of land if a con-
tract had been completely performed.
Ironton Land Co. v. Butchart, 73
Minn. 39, 75 N. W. 749. See Avery
v. New York C. & H. R. R. R., 121 N.
Y. 649, 24 N. E. 20.
" 12 R. I. 238, 34 Am. Rep. 631.
^* Illinois: White v. Hermann, 51
111. 243.
Montana: Sweeney v. Montana Cent.
Ry., 25 Mont. 643, 65 Pac. 912.
See chapter on Eminent Domain in
New York.
2634 3EVI13ENCE 1 1295
dence of sales of neighboring land may be given; ^' but the
contrary has been held in other jurisdictions.^* In Pittsburgh
& W. Railroad v. Patterson," Clark, J., said:
"The selling price of lands in the neighborhood at the time,
is undoubtedly a test of value, but it is the general selling price,
not the price paid for particular property. The location of the
land, its uses and products, and the general selUng price in the
vicinity are the data from which a jiu"y may determine the mar-
ket value. The price which, upon a consideration of the mat-
ters stated, the. judgment of well-informed and reasonable
men will approve is the market value. A particular sale may
be a sacrifice compelled by necessity, or it may be the result
of mere caprice or folly; if it be given in evidence it raises an
issue collateral to the subject of inquiry, and these collateral
issues are as numerous as the sales."
In estimating the value of land at a given time, evidence of
its value six or seven months later is not inadmissible. The
law has no presumptions on the subject of changeable values
of real estate, and such proof, though liable to be overcome by
evidence of a previous change in the interval is not too remote.**
In Brown v. Calumet River Railway,'' the price paid for a per-
cel of land several years before was held admissible, as throw-
ing some Hght on its present value. A resale of the land is
evidence of its value.^" In Winnisimmet Co. v. Grueby *^ it
was held that in assessing damages for land taken, evidence
" Alabama: Massey v. Fain, 55 So. 110 App. Div. 241, 97 N. Y. Supp. 66;
936. Bradshaw v. Rome, W. & O. R. R., 1
Illinois: Albertson Co. v. Chicago, N. Y. Supp. 691, 49 Hun, 605.
Ill III. 651; but evidence cannot be " io7 Pa. 461, 464.
admitted of what a company taking ^Abell v. Munson, 18 Mich. 306,
land by eminent domain has paid for 100 Am. Dec. 165. But evidence may
other takings. Chicago & A. R. R. v. not be introduced to show an offer for
Scott, 225 111. 352, 80 N. E. 404. a part of the land which was with-
Imea: Cummins v. Des Moines & drawn after the trespass complained of.
S. L. Ry., 63 la. 397. Western U. T. Co. v. Ring, 102 Md.
Massachusetts: Paine u. Boston, 4 677, 62 Atl. 801.
All. 168; Benham v. Dunbar, 103 Mass. s' 125 111. 600.
365; Gardner v. Brookline, 127 Mass. ^'' Massachiisetts: Brigham v. Evans,
358; Roberts v. Boston, 149 Mass. 346, 113 Mass. 538.
21 N. E. 668. England: Engell v. Fitch, L. R. 4 Q.
» See Bunke v. New York T. Co., B. 659.
188 N. Y. 600, 81 N. E. 1161, affirming " 111 Mass. 543.
§ 1295 VALUE OiP LANDS AND LEASES 2685
could not be introduced of the amount for which an owner of
neighboring land offered to sell his land, as evidence of the value
of defendant's land."^ And where the amount for which
neighboring land had been sold was shown, evidence that the
purchaser had at once been offered an advance was held in-
admissible.*' But in Dalrymple v. Hannum ** the plaintiff
was allowed to introduce evidence of an unaccepted offer made
by him to the defendant, which the defendant refused to ac-
cept, to show of how little value the land was.
In proving the value of a lease, evidence of the amount of
rent in preceding years is admissible.^^ And in an action of
ejectment the net receipts of the defendant under a lease of the
premises is evidence on the question of the value of the use and
occupation.^' In the latter case the court said :
"As an item of evidence on the question of the value of the
use and occupation of the farm, it was competent to prove
what sum was actually received from it as rent. This, of
course, was not conclusive evidence of the value of the use of
the farm, but it was competent evidence on the subject. The
agreed rent would be strong evidence of the real value of the
use and occupation." It is from prices offered, agreed upon
and paid, that the value of property or of its use is to be de-
termined, and such prices may be given in evidence to test
the correctness and fairness of opinions. Indeed, opinions are
made up either from public or private sales and contracts, as
regards the value of property. Thus it is, that both public
and private sales of property are admissible in evidence to
determine its true value." '*
Circumstances may be shown for their effect on the value.''
Where crops, fixtiires or improvements are destroyed or re-
moved, evidence of their value in place may be received.™
^^ Ace, Montclair Ry. v. Benson, 36 " Citing Gary v. Gruman, 4 Hill, 625,
N. J. L. 557. 40 Am. Dec. 299.
8' Roberts v. Boston, 149 Mass. 349, =« More v. Deyoe, 22 Hun, 208, 222.
21 N. E. 668. " Kansas: Omaha H. & G. Ry. v.
8< 54 N. Y. 654. Doney, 3 Kan. App. 515, 43 Pac. 831
65 Fogg j,_ Hiu^ 21 Me. 529. See (inconvenience of approach).
Bunke v. New York Telephone Co., Minnesota: Hueston v. Mississippi
110 App. Div. 241, 97 N. Y. Supp. & R. R. B. Co., 76 Minn. 251, 79 N. W.
66. 92 (nature and amount of items).
" More V. Deyoe, 22 Hun, 208. " California: Greenbaum v. Taylor,
2636 EVIDENCE § 1296
The valuation placed on land by assessors for the purpose
of the tax levy cannot be shown.'^^
§ 1296. Of chattels— Opinions of value.
When the value of a chattel is to be proved, one familiar
with that kind of property may state his opinion as to its value.'^
So, one familiar with the value of horses may state the difference
in value of a horse as it was represented to be and as it was,''
or before and after the injury complained of.'* Where a pearl
had been lost, one witness was allowed to describe it, and an-
other, who was acquainted with gems, was allowed to state
his opinion of its value.'* To ascertain the value of certain
tobacco, a witness was allowed to testify as to the general
market value of tobacco produced that year, although he ad-
mitted that he could not tell the value of the particular to-
bacco without seeing it.'^ On the other hand, in an action
on an undertaking given on procuring an attachment, it was
held that the evidence of witnesses who did not know the
goods attached was not admissible where they merely testified
as to what woiJd be the value of similar goods when returned
after five days' detention, if when taken they were worth
102 Cal. 624, 36 Pac. 957 (saloon fix- Michigan: Browne v. Moore, 32
tures). Mich. 254.
Indiana: Huber v. Beck, 6 Ind. App. Mississippi: Whitfield v. Whitfield,
484, 33 N. E. 985. 40 Miss. 352.
Kansas: Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry. v. Nebraska: Hespen v. Union Pac.
Mosher, 76 Kan. 599, 92 Pac. 554 R. R., 82 Neb. 495, 118 N. W. 98.
(growing trees and hedges). New York: Rogers v. Ackerman, 22
Texas: Smith v. Frio County (Tex. Barb. 134; McDonald v. Christie, 42
Civ. App.), 66 S. W. 711 (house and Barb. 36.
fence). Texas: Texarkana & F. S. Ry. v.
'1 Illinois: Lewis v. Englewood El. Bell (Tex. Civ. App.), 101 S. W. 1167.
R. R., 223 ni. 223, 79 N. E. 44. Wisconsin: Erd v. Chicago & N. W.
Massachusetts: Anthony u. New Ry., 41 Wis. 65; St. Paul Boom Co. v.
York P. & B. R. R., 162 Mass. 544, 37 Kemp, 125 Wis. 138, 103 N. W. 259.
N. E. 780. " Haskell v. Mitchell, 53 Me. 468,
" Alabama: Western Ry. v. Lazarus, 89 Am. Dec. 711.
88 Ala. 453, 6 So. 877. » Louisville, N. A. & C. Ry. v. Peck,
Illinois: Ohio & M. R. R. v. Taylor, 99 Ind. 68.
27 HI. 207. " Berney v. Dinsmore, 141 Mass. 42,
Iowa: Anson v. Dwight, 18 la. 5 N. E. 273, 55 Aip. Rep. 445; ace.,
241. Davenport v. Abbott (Tex. Civ. App.),
Massachusetts: Patton v. Bell, 141 28 S. W. 218.
Mass. 197, 5 N. E. 300. ™ Draper v. Saxton, 118 Mass. 427.
§ 1297 MARKET VALUE 2637
$6,000." A witness may testify to the relative value of two
articles, although not able to testify to the actual value of
either.'^ In Blanchard v. New Jersey Steam Boat Co." the
value of other vessels with which the plaintiff's vessel could be
compared, was held not to be evidence of the value of the
plaintiff's vessel. The cost of personal property may be proved
as an element of its value; *" but only if accompanied by evi-
dence of other circumstances.*^ In the case of animals,
evidence of pedigree may be produced as bearing on their
value.*^ Evidence of value, not on the actual date, but within
a reasonable time before and after the date may be received,
the distance from the date going only to the weight of the
testimony.*^ Where the value of use of property is an ele-
ment of recovery, one who has the necessary knowledge may
give his opinion of the value.**
Where the value of a large number of similar articles is in
question, the average value may be shown.**
§ 1297. Market value.
It is proper to ask the value of articles, although the question
does not require the market value to be stated.*^ If there is
no market for an article at the place where its value is to be
" Alexander v. Jacoby, 23 Oh. St. Texas: Pacific Exp. Co. v. Lothrop,
358. 20 Tex. Civ. App. 339, 49 S. W. 898
™ Kronschnable v. Knoblauch, 21 (hog).
Minn. 56. Vermont: Winchell v. National Exp.
" 59 N. Y. 292. Co., 64 Vt. 15, 23 Atl. 728 (dog).
, «" California: AngeU v. Hopkins, 79 " Michigan: Connor v. Levinson, 15
Cal. 181. Mich. 297, 73 N. W. 232 (one day).
Pennsylvania: Arnold v. Blabon, 147 Oregon: Singer v. Pearson-Page Co.,
Pa. 372, 23 Atl. 575. 115 Pac. 158.
" Kentucky: Gray v. Heniy County, Vermont: Griffin v. Martel, 77 Vt.
19 Ky. 885, 42 S. W. 333. 19, 58 At). 788 (16 months); McKenzie
New York: Brooke v. Cunard S. S. v. Boutwell, 79 Vt. 383, 65 Atl. 99 (one
Co., 93 N. Y. Supp. 369. year).
'^Michigan: Parker v. Lake Shore '* Kansas: Kennett v. Fickel, 41
& M. S. Ry., 93 Mich. 607, 53 N. W. Kan. 211.
834 (colt). New York: McSorley v. Faulkner, 18
Mississippi: Richmond & D. R. R. N. Y. Supp. 460.
V. Chandler, 13 So. 267 (bull). «= lUingworth v. Greenleaf, 11 Minn.
Tennessee: Citizens' R. T. Co. v. 235.
Dew, 100 Tenn. 317, 45 S. W. 790 «« Parks v. Morris A. & T. Co., 54
(dog). N. Y. 586.
2638 EVIDENCE § 1298
determined, the general rule is to ascertain its value at the
nearest place affording a market.*' So where the value of
lumber at Detroit was the measure of damages, and the wit-
ness a dealer in lumber at Wayne, a place eighteen miles from
Detroit, knew the market value of such lumber at Wayne,
but not at Detroit, but knew the value at Detroit was higher
than at Wayne, his evidence of the value at Wayne was held
proper.** So evidence of the cost of the goods in the market
where they were purchased, adding the expenses of transporta-
tion, the duties, and a fair allowance for profits, and also evi-
dence of the sales of like articles for several months before and
after the sale in question, and of the repurchase of some of the
goods for cash by the plaintiff at advanced rates within two
months afterwards, was held admissible.*' So if the market
price at the time of loss cannot be proved, the market price
a few days before or after that time may be shown.'" A wit-
ness who has inquired as to the value in the market has been
allowed to state the value.'^ Evidence of sales of an article
like the one to be delivered is admissible to show that there is a
market.'^
§ 1298. Evidence of sales.
If sales of property are adduced as evidence of value, they
should be sales in the regular course of business.'^ But a sale
of the very article the value of which is in question may be
*' Alabama: South & N. A. R. R. «. New York: Dana v. Fiedler, 12 N. Y.
Wood, 72 Ala. 451. 40, 62 Am. Dec. 130.
Kansas: Hanson v. Lawson, 19 Kan. West Virginia: Boyd v. Gunnison,
201. 14 W. Va. 1.
Maine: Washington Ice Co. v. Evidence of market value nine
Webster, 68 Me. 449. months previous is incompetent. Gal-
Nebraska: Keith v. Tilford, 12 Neb. veston H. & S. A. Ry. v. WilUams (Tex.
271, 11 N. W. 315. Civ. App.), 25 S. W. 1019.
Virginia: McCormick v. Hamilton, «i Colorado: Thatcher v. Kaucher, 2
23 Gratt. 561. Colo. 698.
Evidence of cost and transportation Texas: Gulf, C. & S. P. Ry. v. Patter-
charges cannot be received to prove son, 5 Tex. Civ. App. 523, 24 S. W.
market value. Gensburg v. Field, 104 349.
la. 599, 74 N. W. 3. n DeWolf v. McGinnis, 106 111. 553.
«« Savercool v. Farwell, 17 Mich. 308. »' Kansas: Meixell v. Kirkpatrick, 33
«9 Eaton V. Melius, 7 Gray, 566. Kan. 282.
^ Ma£sax:husetts: Eaton v. Melius, 7 New Hampshire: White v. Concord
Gray, 566. R. R., 30 N. H. 188.
§1298
EVIDENCE OF SALES
2639
shown in evidence of its value,'* though the sale were a sheriff's
sale; '^ and therefore evidence of the cost of the goods is ad-
missible, in connection with other circumstances.'^ So where
goods were damaged at sea, evidence of the price brought by
the damaged goods at auction upon their arrival was held as-
missible." So, in Tompkins v. Kanawha Board,'* it was held
that where goods were to have been sold at an agreed price
at the place where their value is to be taken, such agreed price
is evidence of their value. In Luse v. Jones," in trespass for
removing the plaintiff's furniture and iuterfering with her
business as a boarding-house keeper, it was held that, although
the furniture was not new, evidence of the price at which a
regular dealer sold such articles was admissible as an item in
estimating the value. In Jones v. Morgan,^"" in estimating
the value of household fumitiu'e, works of art, and ornaments,
the plaintiff was allowed to state the price paid for the articles.
The court said:
Prices realized at forced sales cannot
be shown. Lincoln v. Packard (Tex.
Civ.App.),60S.W.682.
'< United States: Clews v. Jamieson,
182 U. S. 461, 21 Sup. Ct. 845, 45 L.
ed. 1183 (auction).
Connecticut: Lyon d. Katten, 80
Conn. 718, 69 Atl. 534 (sales a few
months later).
Maine: Norton v. Willis, 73 Me. 580.
Massachusetts: Baker v. Seavey, 163
Mass. 522, 40 N. E. 863, 47 Am. St.
Rep. 475 (auction).
Michigan: Gates v. Comstock, 113
Mich. 127, 71 N. W. 515 (price plaintiff
paid for the land).
Nebraska: Lnhoff v. Richards, 48
Neb. 590, 595, 67 N. W. 483 (auction).
New York: Parmenter v. Pitzpatrick,
135 N. Y. 190, 31 N.E. 1032 (private
sales of stock of stable; value a year
later).
But in Rector-Wilhelmy Co. v.
Nissen, 35 Neb. 716, 53 N. W. 670,
the amount brought by goods at a
forced mortgagee's sale was not al-
lowed to be considered.
^^New York: Mcllhargy v. Cham-
bers, 117 N. Y. 532, 23 N. E. 561;
Montignani v. E. V. CrandaU Co., 34
App. Div. 228, 54 N. Y. Supp. 517;
Industrial & General Trust v. Tod, 52
App. Div. 195, 64 N. Y. Supp. 1093.
Utah: White v. Pease, 15 Utah, 170,
49 Pac. 416.
Vermont: Hildreth v. Fitts, 53 Vt.
684.
Contra, Pennsylvania: Sweigert v.
Finley, 144 Pa. 266, 22 Atl. 702.
^ United States: The Lucille, 169
Fed. 719.
New York: Behm v. Damm, 91 N. Y.
Supp. 735.
Vermont: Griffin v. Martel, 77 Vt.
19, 58 Atl. 788.
But the price paid two years before
for a machine which had since that
time been used and injured was held
not admissible in Hensley v. Orendorff,
152 Ala. 599, 44 So. 869.
" Guiterman v. Liverpool, N. Y. &
P. S. S. Co., 83 N. Y. 358.
98 21 W. Va. 225.
» 39 N. J. L. 707.
™ 24 Hun, 372,
2640 EVIDENCE § 1299
"If the plaintiff had been restricted to direct proof of the
value of the property at or near that time, it is evident that no
redress could possibly be afforded for the injury and loss which
she had sustained. For that reason it was a matter of strict
necessity that evidence of a different character should be pro-
duced and reUed upon, not as controlling in the case, but as a
basis from which, in view of succeeding circumstances, a fan-
valuation of the property might be ascertained What
is required is that reliable and satisfactory evidence shall be
produced from which the value of the property in controversy
may be ascertained with a reasonable degree of certainty."
§ 1299. Offers — Price-lists — Quotations— Appraisals.
A mere offer to sell or buy at a certain price, unaccepted,
cannot be shown as evidence of value. ^"^ But offers made in
open market are evidence of value, ^"^ such as statements of
dealers in answer to inquiries as to price, ^"^ or price-lists of
manufacturers or dealers. ^"^ So the official quotations of the
exchanges are admissible. Thus, in Whitney v. Thacher^"^
brokers in Boston, members of a firm doing business and hav-
ing houses established in Boston and New York, who were
familiar with the market value of such goods in New York,
and whose information was derived from the daily price current
lists and from the return of sales daily furnished them in Boston
from New York, were allowed to testify as to the value in New
York. Wells, J., said: "An unaccepted offer, as an isolated
transaction, is not competent evidence upon the question of
value. But in a market regularly attended by buyers and
sellers, an offer as well as a sale of an article of recognized uni-
"' Maine: Norton v. Willis, 73 Me. "» Norton v. Willis, 73 Me. 580
580 (semble). (semble).
Michigan: Thompson v. Moiles, 46 "" Harrison v. Glover, 72 N. Y. 451
Mich. 42. (semble).
Nebraska: Winside State Bank v. "< United States: Cliquot's Cham-
Lound, 52 Neb. 469, 72 N. W. 486. pagne, 3 Wall. 114, 18 L. ed. 116.
New Jersey: Hartman v. Dobar, 80 New York: Harrison v. Glover, 72
N. J. L. 250, 76 Atl. 347. N. Y. 451. But contra, Cook County
Texas: Texas & P. Ry. v. Randle, 18 v. Harms, 10 111. App. 24.
Tex. Civ. App. 348, 44 S. W. 603. "' 117 Mass. 523.
Wisconsin: Castenholz v. Heller, 82
Wis. 30, 51 N. W. 432.
§ 1300 PKESUMPTION AGAINST DEFENDANT 2641
form character, constantly bought and sold in that market, so
as to have a place upon the daily price current lists, may serve
to show that the market value of that article did not then ex-
ceed the price at which it was offered. It is admissible because
of its pubhcity, and the presumption of the presence of dealers
ready to purchase, and who would have done so if the offer had
been below the market value. That dealers are themselves
guided iiji their transactions by such indications of the state of
the market, makes the fact one that may properly be con-
sidered in evidence." In New York it has been held that the
"Shipping and Commercial Lists Prices Ciurent" are not ad-
missible to show value uiiless supported by testimony as to
when and how the Ust was made up; "* and this requirement
would seem to be sound and reasonable. In Michigan, how-
ever, the market quotations of a Toledo newspaper were ad-,
mitted to prove the value of shingles at that place on the day
of publication; while the defendant was not allowed to prove
the price at which he sold other shingles there on that day.^"^
The inventory and appraisal of certain goods made by a
constable and his appraisers may be shown as evidence of
value. ^"^
§ 1300. Presumption against defendant.
* In one of the earliest cases on the subject of damages in
trover, 1°' where the action was brought for a jewel, several of
the trade being examined to prove what a jewel of the first
water, of the size in question, would be worth, the chief-justice
of the Queen's Bench directed the jury that, imless the defend-
ant produced the jewel, and showed it not to be of the first
water, "they should presume the strongest against him, and
make the value of the best jewels the measure of their dam-
ages"; which they did.** Where there was no evidence of the
quality of cotton converted, it was held that the jury were
entitled to assume it to have been of the best quaUty."" But
™Whelan v. Lynch, 60 N. Y. "'Armory v. Delamirie, 1 Strange,
469. 505.
1" Peter v. Thickstun, 51 Mich. "» Curry v. Wilson, 48 Ala. 638. So
580. . in an action against a carrier for non-
"» Green v. McCracken, 64 Kan. 330, delivery. Bailey v. Shaw, 24 N. H.
67 Pac. 857. 297, 55 Am. Dec. 241.
166
2642 EVIDENCE §§ 1301, 1302
in other forms of action, as assumpsit for goods sold, or debt
for money lent, where there is no fraud in the defendant, this
rule is reversed, and the jury will be instructed to presume
against the plaintiff's demand. Thus, in assumpsit, in the
absence of evidence as to the quality of liquor in bottles sold
by the plaintiff, they were told, by Lord EUenborough, to
presume that the bottles were filled with the cheapest liquor in
which the plaintiff dealt. "^ And, in debt, where the proof was
simply that the plaintiff handed the defendant a bank note in
reply to a request for money, the English Court of Exchequer
held that the jury were rightly instructed to presume it to
have been of the lowest denomination."^
§ 1301. Estoppel.
* Again, the acts of the parties themselves may determine
the value of the thing in controversy, and operate like an ab-
solute liquidation of damages. So, in an action on an agree-
ment in which the defendant acknowledged that he had re-
ceived of the plaintiff certain enumerated goods, attached by
the plaintiff as a deputy sheriff, estimated at fifteen hundred
dollars, and which the defendant promised to keep safely and
dehver to the plaintiff on demand; it was held that the defend-
ant could not give evidence that the goods were of less value
than the specified sum, but that the valuation in the receipt
was conclusive."' ** Evidence of an offer by plaintiff to sell
the property is admissible as against him, to show that it is
worth no more than the amount he offered to take for it; '"
and an agreement by defendant to pay a certain amount for
the use of land for a term preceding his trespass upon it is ad-
missible against him as evidence of the value of the use."^
§ 1302. Value of construction.
In order to prove the value or expense of repairs on a build-
ing, evidence may be received of the value of the materials and
labor required. "« So, in arriving at the value of a sleigh, the
"' Clunnes v. Pezzey, 1 Camp. 8. i" Hersey v. Ins. Co., 27 N. H. 149.
"2 Lawton v. Sweeney, 8 Jur. 964. "« Weaver v. Mississippi & R. R. B.
See Jones's Appeal, 62 Pa. 324. Co., 28 Minn. 534, 11 N. W. 114.
"' Jones V. fcichardson, 10 Met. 481. "« Hough v. Cook, 69 111. 581.
§1303
OF SERVICES
2643
value of its component parts may be shown.'" Upon the
question of the value of a house or other building, one who is
qualified to do so may give an estimate of the expense of build-
ing it."^
§ 1303. Of services.
The value of services may be proved by the opinion on one
familiar with such value."' So the value of an attorney's
services may be proved by an attorney who knows what the
services were/^** or upon a proper hypothetical statement.'^'
But the value of skilled services is to be estimated not by in-
quiring what A. or B. would charge for such services, but what
the services are fairly worth by the common usage or custom
of compensation; and it is error to receive the testimony of
witnesses as to what they would charge. '^^ But evidence is
proper of the price usually charged and received for similar
services by others at the same place, '^' and of the past earnings
of the person whose services are in question. '^^ The circum-
1" Hildreth v. Fitts, 53 Vt. 684.
^^ Maine: Tebbetts v. Haskins, 16
Me. 283.
Massachusetts: Hills v. Home Ins.
Co., 129 Mass. 345.
Tennessee: Southern Oil Works v.
Bickford, 14 Lea, 651.
1" Alabama: Parker's Heirs v. Park-
er's Admr., 33 Ala. 459.
Kansas: Atchison v. Rose, 43 Kan.
605, 23 Pac. 661.
Michigan: Raynowski v. Detroit B.
C. & A. R. R., 74 Mich. 15, 41 N. W.
847.
New York: Brill v. Flagler, 23 Wend.
354, 35 Am. Dec. 572; Lewis v. Trickey,
20 Barb. 387.
"» Covey V. Campbell, 52 Ind. 157.
"1 Williams v. Brown, 28 Oh. St. 547.
>22 Pfeil V. Kemper, 3 Wis. 315.
"' United States: Stanton v. Em-
brey, 93 U. S. 548, 23 L. ed. 983.
North Carolina: Jeffries v. Seaboard
A. L. R. R., 129 N. C. 236, 39 S. E. 836.
Pennsylvania: McKenna v. Citizens'
N. G. Co., 201 Pa. 146, 50 Atl. 922.
Texas: Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Lasater, 53 Tex. Civ. App. 51, 115
S. W. 103.
Vermont: Vilas v. Downer, 21 Vt.
419.
^^* California: Bonneau v. North
Shore R. R., 152 Cal. 406, 93 Pac. 106.
Ioum: Lund v. Tyler, 115 la. 236, 88
N. W. 333.
Kansas: Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry. v.
Posten, 59 Kan. 449, 53 Pac. 465.
New York: Beisiegel v. New York
C. R. R., 40 N. y. 9; Palmer v. Conant,
11 N. Y. Supp. 917, 58 Hun, 333;
Symons v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 27
Misc. 502, 58 N. Y. Supp. 327.
For the distinction between personal
earnings and the profits of a business,
not due to personal exertions, which
therefore cannot be shown, see John-
son V. Manhattan Ry., 52 Hun, 111,
4 N. Y. Supp. 848; Thomas v. Union
Ry., 18 App. Div. 185, 45 N. Y. Supp.
920.
Ante, § 482a.
2644 EVIDENCE §§ 1304, 1305
stances and quality of the services may be shown, as bearing
on the value. ^"
§ 1304. Other value.
One who knows the sort of board and care furnished to an
insane person may testify as to its value. ^^^ In New Hampshire
it was held that as evidence of the value of board the price of
similar board at a hotel ten miles distant might be shown. ^^^
The value of a business may be shown by evidence of the
extent of the business and the amount of profits."*
§ 1305. Evidence of malice or intention.
All facts directly bearing on the question of malice can be
given in evidence. In Voltz v. Blackmar "' it was said that
"where exemplary or punitive damages are claimed, all the
circumstances immediately connected with the transaction,
tending to exhibit or explain the motive of the defendant, are
admissible in evidence." The action was for false imprison-
ment, and it was held that the facts which induced the defend-
ant to make the arrest should have been considered by the jury
125 Alabama: Louisville & N. R. R. '» Cross v. Wilkins, 43 N. H. 332.
V. Handley, 56 So. 539. '™ California: Hawthorne v. Siegel,
Illinois: Graham v. Mattoon City 88 Cal. 159, 25 Pac. 1114, 22 Ani. St.
Ry., 234 111. 483, 84 N. E. 1070 (educa^ Rep. 291.
tion). Georgia: Juohter v. Boehm, 67 Ga.
Iowa: Patton v. Sanborn, 133 la. 534.
650, 110 N. W. 1032 (amount of labor Illinois: Illinois & S. L. R. & C. Co.
performed as housewife). v. Decker, 3 III. App. 135.
Kentucky: Buffalo C. C. M. Co. v. Michigan: Keables v. Christie, 47
Hodges, 98 S. W. 274, 30 Ky. L. Rep. Mich. 594, 11 N. W. 400.
346 (habits of industry and sobriety). New York: Marquart v. LaFarge, 5
Michigan: Kingston v. Fort Wayne, Duer, 565.
etc., Ry., 112 Mich. 40, 45, 40 L. R. A. Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh Gauge Co.
131, 70 N. W. 315, 74 N. W. 230 (dis- v. Ashton Valve Co., 184 Pa. 36, 39
solute habits and failure to secure em- Atl. 223.
ployment); Herrick v. Wixom, 121 See New Jersey: Lonon v. Public
Mich. 384, 80 N. W. 117, 81 L. R. A. Service Co., 80 N. J. L. 252, 76 Atl. 321.
333 (habits of intoxication). im64 N. Y. 440, 21 Am. Rep. 629.
Missouri: Latimer v. Metropolitan But the evidence of course must be
St. Ry., 126 Mo. App. 70, 103 S. W. relevant. In libel, evidence of con-
1102 (health). temporaneous publication by others
Pennsylvania: McKenna v. Citizens' is not admissible if defendant was ig-
N. G. Co., 201 Pa. 146, 60 Atl. 922 norant of it at the time. Witcher v.
(amount of business attended to). Jones, 17 N. Y. Supp. 491.
'^ Kendall v. May, 10 All. 59.
§ 1306 OF THE DURATION OP LIFE 2645
as bearing on the question of malice. In an action of trespass
q. c. /., where the defendant's maUce might be a ground of ex-
emplary damages, it has been held, in New Hampshire, that
the plaintiff, being a competent witness, might testify what his
motive and purpose were in doing the acts complained of.''"
In Hanrion v. Harmon ^'^ it was said that acts against which
the statute of limitations had run, might be given in evidence
on the question of malice. In Cxirrier v. Swan,''^ in an action
for trespass quare clausum fregit, it was held that the defendant
could show that he and the plaintiff had had a quarrel in the
afternoon, but could not show its details. The court said:
"Otherwise there would have been nothing to indicate to the
jury but that the house was entered for the purpose of robbery
and plunder, or something of the kind. The fact of a previous
affray might have some weight upon the question of the amount
of damages recoverable, and might legitimately be regarded as
a part of the transaction to be investigated in this suit."
§ 1306. Of the dixration of life.
Where the amount of damages depends on the length of a
life in being, as in the case of a lease for life or a dower right,
the courts, if not by the assent of parties, usually by the rules
of their practice, resort to the standard mortality or annuity
tables, as the Northampton, Wigglesworth, Carlisle or Ameri-
can Tables. ^'^ The value of the Ufe for a year being ascertained
130 Norris v. Morrill, 40 N. H. 395. lovm: Chase v. Burlington, C. R. &
"' 61 Me. 233. N. Ry., 76 la. 675, 39 N. W. 196;
"2 63 Me. 323. Scagel v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 83
"' United States: Colusa Parrot Min- la. 380, 49 N. W. 990.
ing & Smelting Co. v. Monahan, 162 Kentucky: Greer v. Louisville & N.
Fed. 276, 89 C. C. A. 256. R. R., 94 Ky. 169, 21 S. W. 649; Louis-
Aldbama: Southern Ry. v. Cunning- ville & N. R. R. v. Campbell, 122 S. W.
ham, 152 Ala. 147, 44 So. 658. 848.
Delaware: McMahon n. Bangs, 5 Massachusetts: Banks v. Braman, 195
Pennew. 178, 62 Atl. 1098. Mass. 97, 80 N. E. 799.
Georgia: Collins Park & B. R. R. v. Michigan: Howell v. Lansing E. Ry.,
Ware, 112 Ga. 663, 37 S. E. 975. 136 Mich. 432, 99 N. W. 406; Haney
Indiana: Pittsburgh, C, C. & S. L. v. Pinckney, 155 Mich. 656, 119 N. W.
Ry. V. Lightheiser, 168 Ind. 438, 78 1099.
N. E. 1033; Pittsburgh, C, C. & S. L. Nebraska: Lincoln v. Smith, 28
Ry. V. Sudhoff, 173 Ind. 314, 90 N. E. Neb. 762, 45 N. W. 41; Swift *;. Hol-
467. oubek, 55 Neb. 228, 75 N. W. 584.
2646
EVIDENCE
§1306
by the jury, the expectation of the Hfe becomes a matter of cal-
culation from the tables. ^^^ So in the statutory action for
causing death, "^ or in an action for permanent personal in-
jiu-y."^ But in Shippen & Robbins's Appeal, ^^^ in estimating
the value of an estate by the curtesy, the court held that the
Carlisle Tables were not authoritative, but that the probable
expectation of life must be estimated from the particular cir-
cumstances. The tables must be proved to be standard tables,
and will not otherwise be admitted; "* but it has been held that
the court will take judicial notice that certain tables are stan-
dard tables."' The tables are not conclusive on the jury,"" but
must be considered in the light of other evidence, such as the
health and strength of the person in question."^ Life tables
need not be introduced at all. The jury may find the probable
New York: Hall v. Germain, 59 Hun,
626, 14 N. Y. Supp. 5.
Oklahoma: Shawnee v. Slankard, 116
Pac. 803.
Pennsylvania: Campbell v. York, 172
Pa. 205, 33 Atl. 879; Kerrigan v. Penn-
sylvania R. R., 194 Pa. 98, 44 Atl. 1069.
Texas: Galveston H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Leonard (Tex. Civ. App.), 29 S. W.
955; Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v. Johnson,
10 Tex. Civ. App. 254, 31 S. W. 255;
Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. McGlamory
(Tex. Civ. App.), 34 S. W. 359; Gulf,
C. & S. F. Ry. V. Mangham, 95 Tex.
413, 67 S. W. 765; San Antonio & A. P.
Ry. V. Moore, 31 Tex. Civ. App. 371,
72 S. W. 226.
Washington: Hodd v. Tacoma, 45
Wash. 436, 88 Pac. 842; Suell v. Jones,
49 Wash. 582, 96 Pac. 4.
Wisconsin: Waterman v. Chicago &
A. R. R., 82 Wis. 613, 52 N. W. 247;
Hackett v. Wisconsin Cent. Ry., 141
Wis. 464, 124 N. W. 1018.
"* How V. How, 48 Me. 428.
"5 Georgia: Georgia R. R. & B. Co.
V. Oaks, 52 Ga. 410; Central R. R. v.
Crosby, 74 Ga. 737, 58 Am. Rep. 463.
Wisconsin: McKeigue v. Janesville,
68Wis. 50,.31N. W. 298.
"= Georgia: Atlanta & W. P. R. R.
V. Johnson, 66 Ga, 259; Northeastern
R. R. V. Chandler, 84 Ga. 37, 10 S. E.
586.
Iowa: Coates v. Burhngton, C. R. &
N. Ry., 62 la. 487, 17 N. W. 760.
Nebraska: Lincoln v. Smith, 28 Neb.
762, 45 N. W. 41.
Texas: Texas M. Ry. v. Douglass,
69 Tex. 694.
"' 80 Pa. 391.
"s Banks v. Braman, 195 Mass. 97,
80 N. E. 799.
"' Pittsburg, C, C. & S. L. Ry. v.
Sudhoff, 173 Ind. 314, 90 N. E. 467.
"" United States: Kountz v. Toledo,
S. L. & W. R. R., 189 Fed. 494.
Montana: Robinson v. Helena L. &
Ry., 38 Mont. 222, 99 Pac. 837.
Pennsylvania: Kerrigan v. Pennsyl-
vania R. R., 194 Pa. 98, 44 Atl. 1069;
Pauza V. Lehigh V. C. Co., 231 Pa. 577,
80 Atl. 1126.
See ante, § 485a.
^*'^ Iowa: Peterson v. Brackey, 143
la. 71, 119 N. W. 967 (habits of in-
toxication).
Michigan: Denman v. Johnston, 85
Mich. 387, 48 N. W. 565.
Rhode Island: Colbert v. Rhode Is-
land Co., 67 Atl. 446.
§§ 1307, 1308 OP A FORMER VERDICT 2647
duration of life entirely from other evidence,"^ such as the age
reached by the person's ancestors."'
§ 1307. Of pain.
The fact of death by drowning is enough of itself to prove
both physical and mental pain."^ When physical or mental
pain is to be proved affirmatively, evidence of the acts and
exclamations of the sufferer are competent evidence."^ Thus,
in an action for breach of promise of marriage, the plaintiff's
father was allowed to testify that after the defendant left her,
she became more melancholy, possessed less life and animation,
and was found weeping."^ Extraneous occurrences have been
held inadmissible to prove special susceptibility to mental
suffering; "' but on the other hand it has been held proper to
show that plaintiff is a Christian Scientist, as tending to show
insensibility, if he chooses, to physical and mental pain.^**
Evidence that the injury can be cured by a slight operation
is admissible."'
§ 1308. Of a former verdict.
The jury should not be told the amount of a former verdict
"2 Minnesota: Deisen v. Chicago, S. New York: Caldwell v. Murphy, 11
P., M. & M. Ry., 43 Minn. 454, 45 N. N. Y. 416.
W. 864. North Carolina: Bowen v. Seaboard
Pennsylvania: Benson v. Altoona & A. L. Ry., 60 S. E. 898.
L. V. E. Ry., 228 Pa. 290, 77 Atl. Texas: Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
492. Zweiner (Tex. Civ. App.), 38 S. W. 375;
Texas: Missouri V. B. & I. Co. v. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. Linton (Tex.
Ballard, 53 Tex. Civ. App. 110, 116 Civ. App.), 141 S. W. 129.
S. W. 93. Wisconsin: McKeigue v. Janesville,
i« Haynes v. Waterville & O. St. Ry., 68 Wis. 50, 31 N. W. 298; King v. Osh-
101 Me. 335, 64 Atl. 614. kosh, 75 Wis. 517, 44 N. W. 745; KeUer
1" Clark V. Manchester, 64 N. H. v. Gilman, 93 Wis. 9, 66 N. W. 800.
471. And where physical pain is '* Tobin v. Shaw, 45 Me. 331, 71
proved mental suffering need not be Am. Dec. 547.
shown by independent evidence. In- Ace, in a case of personal injury:
ternational & G. N. R. R. v. Mitchell, Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v. Moore, 28 Tex.
(Tex. Civ. App.), 60 S. W. 996. Civ. App. 603, 68 S. W. 559.
i« Iowa: Patton v. Sanborn, 133 la. "' Tingley v. Times Mirror Co., 151
650, 110 N. W. 1032. Cal. 1, 89 Pac. 1097.
Massachusetts: Bacon v. Charlton, 7 "» Fort Worth & D. C. Ry. v. Travis,
Cush. 581. 45 Tex. Civ. App. 117, 99 S. W. 1141.
Michigan: Jones v. Portland, 88 '^^ Leitzell v. Delaware, L. & W. R.
Mich. 598, 50 N. W. 731. R. (Pa.), 81 Atl. 542.
2648 EVIDENCE § 1309
in the case, and if told they should be cautioned to disregard
it.^^" Nor can they be informed of the amount of the verdict
in another similar case."^
§ 1309. Physical examination.
The court has discretion to order a witness to so some physi-
cal act before the jury, such as walking across the room.^^''
An injured party may exhibit his wounds to the jury,^^* and
such is probably the actual practice everywhere, at least in
the case of ordinary injuries. The case commonly cited in
support of the proposition does not go so far.^^^ In that case
the injured party was allowed to exhibit his wounds to a surgeon
who was testifying, though the defendant objected that the
jury might see them, and be influenced thereby. But a case
in the Superior Court of New York decides that the injury
may be exhibited to the jury.^^*
An interesting question has recently arisen as to the right
of the court to compel the injured party to submit to an ex-
amination by physicians. The right was contested on the
ground that it was an indignity to the injured party, but the
doctrine seems now to be well settled in several jurisdictions
that the court may in its discretion compel him to submit to
a reasonable and proper examination by disinterested phy-
sicians.'^* In other jurisdictions, however, the court has no
"» Ball V. Keokuk & N. W. Ry., 74 Ry. v. Kendall, 167 Fed. 62, 93 C. C. A.
la. 132, 37 N. W. 110. 422.
"' Baldwin's Appeal, 44 Conn. 37. California: Johnston v. Southern
"' Hatfield v. St. Paul & D. R. R., Pac. Co., 150 Cal. 535, 89 Pac. 348.
33 Minn. 130, 22 N. W. 176. , Iowa: Schroeder v. Chicago, R. I. &
'" Iowa: Schroeder v. Chicago, R. I. P. Ry., 47 la. 375.
& P. Ry., 47 la. 375; Faivre v. Mander- Kansas: Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R.
schied, 117 la. 724, 90 N. W. 76. v. Thul, 29 Kan. 466, 44 Am. Rep. 659;
Michigan: French v. Wilkinson, 93 Ottawa v. Gilliland, 63 Kan. 165, 65
Mich. 322, 53 N. W. 530 (cannot show Pac. 252; Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. v.
several years after the accident with- Palmore, 68 Kan. 545, 75 Pac. 509.
out evidence to show how far changed). Kentucky: Keller v. Berry, 121 S. W.
Texos.-. Jackson tj. Wells, 13 Tex. Civ. 1009 (must be by impartial physician).
App. 275, 35 S. W. 628. Maryland: United R. & E. Co. v.
1" Mulhado v. Brooklyn City R. R., Cloman, 107 Md. 681, 69 Atl. 379.
30 N. Y. 370. Michigan: Fillingham v. Michigan
'" Jordan v. Bowen, 46 N. Y. Super. United Rys., 154 Mich. 233, 117 N. W.
Ct. 355. 635 (must be by impartial physician).
i» United States: Chicago & N. W.
§1310
APPROXIMATE EVIDENCE
2649
power to order such an examination without the plaintiff's
consent."' In no jurisdiction will an examination be ordered
if it would produce serious discomfort or injurious conse-
quences."*
§ 1310. Approximate evidence.
* The application of the rules which we have thus examined,
in regard to the proof necessary to establish a claim for damages,
often renders it difficult, if not impossible, to arrive with pre-
cise accuracy at the object of the inquiry. But justice is after
all but an approximate science, and its ends are not to be de-
feated by a failure of strict and mathematical proof. The fol-
lowing language of Mr. Justice Story is full of good sense, and
susceptible of frequent and wide application:
"It is said that it is difficult and indeed impracticable, to as-
certain its true and exact value, when thrown overboard.
There may be difficulty, and perhaps an impossibility, to ascer-
tain its exact and minute value, for we have no means of weigh-
Missouri: Shamp v. Lambert, 142
Mo. App. 567, 121 S. W. 770.
Wisconsin: White v. Milwaukee C.
Ry., 61 Wis. 536, 21 N. W. 524, 50
Am. Rep. 154.
1" Delaware: Mills v. Wilmington
City Ry., 1 Marvel, 269, 40 Atl. 1114.
lUinms: Chicago v. McNally, 227
111. 14, 81 N. E. 23, affirming 117 111.
App. 434, 128 111. App. 375; Pronske-
vitch V. Chicago & A. Ry., 232 111. 136,
83 N. E. 545 (but if plaintiff submits
his body to the jury for examination,
an examination by physicians may be
ordered); Kellyville Coal Co. v. More-
land, 121 111. App. 410.
New York: At common law; Mc-
Swyny v. Broadway & S. A. R. R., 54
Hun, 637, 7 N. Y. Supp. 456 (but see
Walsh V. Sayre, 52 How. Pr. 334); Cole
V. Fall Brook Coal Co., 87 Hun, 584,
34 N. Y. Supp. 572.
But by Laws of 1893, chap. 721, the
court may grant the order for an ex-
amination as a matter of discovery.
Lyon V. Manhattan Ry., 7 Misc. 401,
27 N. Y. Supp. 966; Wunsch v. Weber,
29 N. Y. Supp. 1100; Green v. Middle-
sex R. R., 10 Misc. 473, 32 N. Y. Supp.
177; Smith v. New Jersey & H. R. R. &
F. Co., 123 App. Div. 493, 108 N. Y.
Supp. 415. The examination will not
be ordered where the object of the
examination was not to obtain proper
discovery as to the nature of the in-
jury. Smyth V. Lichtenstein, 137 App.
Div. 335, 122 N. Y. Supp. 74.
Oklahoma: Kingfisher v. Altizer, 13
Okla. 121, 74 Pac. 107.
Texas: St. Louis & S. W. Ry. v.
Lindsey (Tex. Civ. App.), 81 S. W. 87;
International & G. N. R. R. v. Butcher
(Tex. Civ. App.), 81 S. W. 819; San
Antonio & A. P. Ry. v. Spencer (Tex.
Civ. App.), 119 S. W. 716. The exami-
nation must be by an unprejudiced
physician. Houston & T. C. R. R. v.
Berling, 14 Tex. Civ. App. 544, 37 S. W.
1083.
>58 Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. v. Pal-
more, 68 Kan. 545, 75 Pac. 509.
2650 EVIDENCE § 1310a
ing it in scales, or fixing its positive price. But the same diffi-
culty occurs in many other cases of insurance; as in cases of
injuries to sails, or rigging, or spars, by tempest, or by cutting
them away in cases of jettison; and yet no one doubts that
they must be contributed for according to their value, ascer-
tained by a jury, in the exercise of a sound discretion, upon
proper evidence. Suppose that fruit is insured, and the vessel
has a long passage, in which, by ordinary waste and decay, it
must suffer some deterioration, and then a storm occurs, in
which it suffers other positive damage and injury, or there is a
jettison thereof; how are we to ascertain what diminution is to
be attributed to natural waste and decay, and what to the perils
of the seas? or what was its true value at the time of the jetti-
son? There can be no positive and absolute certainty. The
most that can be done, is to ascertain, by the exercise of a sound
judgment, what, under all the circumstances, may reasonably
be attributed to one cause, and what to the other. Absolute
certainty in cases of this sort is unattainable. All that we can
arrive at is by an approximation thereto ; and yet no man ever
doubted that such a loss must be paid for if it is covered by the
pohcy." 1^' **
§ 1310a. Damage imported from the circumstances.
In some cases the circumstances themselves import dam-
age, and no independent evidence of damage need be offered.
So in actions against banks for dishonoring checks, sub-
stantial damages are recoverable without any proof of dam-
ages if the case is such that imports damages. In the earlier
cases it was held that while for a refusal to pay money, as in
case of a note, only the money due could be recovered, still if
the declaration showed plaintiff to be a trader and the cause of
action was dishonoring his check or draft, he could recover
damages without proving special damage, because the fact
that he was a trader imported such damage. Now, it seems
to be the doctrine of the American cases that the act in itself
imports injury and that special damages need not be alleged
or proved in any case.^^° Another class of cases is nuisances;
"' Rogers v. Mechanics' Ins. Co., 1 i» Georgia: Atlanta Nat. Bank v.
Story, 603, 609. Davis, 96 Ga. 334, 23 S. E. 190.
§ 1310a DAMAGE IMPORTED FROM CIRCUMSTANCES 2651
in many cases of nuisances damages are given which are inca-
pable of any estimation by evidence. ^^^
lUinois: Schaffner v. Ehrman, 139 England: Prehn v. Royal Bank, L. R.
lU. 109, 28 N. E. 917, 15 L. R. A. 135. 5 Ex. 92.
Pennsylvania: Patterson v. Marine Ante, § 171a.
Nat. Bank, 130 Pa. 419, 18 Atl. 632. >" Van Fossen v. Clark, 113 la. 86,
Tennessee: J. M. James Co. v. Con- 84 N. W. 989; Wood, Nuisances,
tinental Nat. Bank, 105 Tenn. 1, 58 §866.
S. W. 261, 51 L. R. A. 255.
CHAPTER LVII
COXJET AND JURY
1311.
Relative power of judge and
§ 1318.
Exemplary damages — Aggra-
jury.
vation and mitigation.
1312.
Analogies of Roman juris-
1318a.
Double and treble damages.
prudence.
1319.
Modifications — Setting aside
1313.
Formulae.
verdict.
1314.
Changes wrought by the Em-
1320.
Instructions on questions of
pire.
damages.
1315.
Origin and development of
1321.
Effect of erroneous instruc-
the Anglo-Saxon judicial
tions.
procedure.
1322.
Power of jury to act without
1316.
Former indefinite separation
evidence of damages.
between province of court
1323.
Wrong measure of damages
and of jury.
adopted by jury.
1317.
Present separation of func-
1324.
Modes of computing damages
tions.
allowed the jury.
§ 1311. Relative power of judge and jury.
* As the final decision of every case involving an issue of
fact is pronounced by the jury in giving their verdict, and as
that verdict also expresses the amount of compensation which
the party in fault is to make, it is plain that, unless the court
retain to itself some control over the action of the jury, their
power over the subject of remuneration would be practically
unlimited. We have, then, yet to see what remedy is provided
if the jury disregard the rules laid down for their government;
and this necessarily brings us to a consideration of_the relative
powers of the judge and the jury.
§ 1312. Analogies of Roman jurisprudence.
One of the most marked pecuHarities of the Anglo-American
system of jurisprudence, perhaps its most striking feature,
is that division of power by which the decision of questions
of law is given to the court, and that of questions of fact to
the jury. It is an error to suppose that this division is alto-
gether peculiar to our system, or that it is exclusively of EngUsh
2652
§ 1312 ANALOGIES OF ROMAN JURISPRUDENCE 2653
origin. The recent labors of the German scholars, assisted
by the discovery of Gains, in 1816, have disclosed the true nature
of the procedure by the formula in the republican period of the
Roman jurisprudence; and the analogies that it furnishes on
the present branch of our subject are too striking to be over-
looked.
The despotism of Augustus and his successors introduced
changes into the administration of justice analogous to those
which it wrought in the general framework of the imperial
government. Its peculiar characteristics were centralization
and despotism; it estabUshed in all branches of the system a
gradation of ranks, deriving their existence from and dependent
upon the will of the emperor alone, and it destroyed every
vestige of popular action. The first and most important of
these changes in the machinery of the law was by abolishing
the judices or jurors, to make the judges absolute masters
of the whole cause, subject only to the right of appeal; which,
in probably all cases, might carry the suitor before the Csesar
himself; and this led directly to the adoption of written and
secret instead of oral and pubUc discussion. Thus was pro-
duced the system which, in its general outhne, ruled continen-
tal Europe almost exclusively till the adoption of the Code
Napoleon.
But the plan on which justice was administered at Rome in
the time of Cicero, perhaps the most truly great period of its
development, was very different. The Romans during their
republican epoch were too jealous of power to give to the
judiciary an uncontrolled authority over questions both of law
and fact. The judicial functions were divided, as with us,
by an analogous and in some cases by an identical line. The
suit was instituted before a magistrate, usually the praetor;
and the proceedings bef o*re him were termed in jure. Here the
cause of action was stated, the defence set up, and the issue
whether of law or of fact formed. In other words, the plead-
ings were put in. To this issue was then joined the instructions
proper for its trial, and the issue and instructions together were
termed the formula. A judex or referee was then appointed.
This was called^datio judicis. The cause was then turned over
to him; and he decided the question submitted to him, accord-
2654 COURT AND JURY § 1313
ing to the instructions contained in the formula. The proceed-
ings before him were termed in judicio.
§ 1313. Formulae.
The formula succeeded the old hgis actiones, which, by their
technical severity, had become odious. These forms were
abolished, and the formula introduced, by the Lex Abulia, the
precise date of which is uncertain, but the better opinion would
seem to be that it was passed early in the seventh century of
the city, or not long before the period of Cicero.^
The formulae were of two kinds, according as they turned on
questions of law or questions of fact, formulae in jus conceptoe
and formulae in factum conceptce. A single instance of the
latter kind will sufficiently exhibit their character: Judex esto;
si paret A. Agerium apud N^ Negidium mensam argenteam
deposuisse eamque dolo malo N. Negidii A. Agerio redditam
non esse, quanti ea res erit tantam pecuniam judex N. Negidium
A. Agerio condemnato; si non paret, absolve. Which may be
rendered thus: Let this cause be referred to . If it shall
appear that A. Agerius deposited a silver table with N. Negid-
ius, and that through the fraud of the latter it has not been
returned to the owner, let the judge condemn N. Negidius
to pay to A. Agerius its value. If it shall not so appear, let
him decide for the defendant. This is precisely such a charge
as might be given to a jury any day in an English or American
court.
There is a passage in Cicero, where, while denoimcing the
perversion of the administration of justice under Verres in
Sicily, he gives a very striking picture of the uses and abuses
of this division of the judicial functions.^ "No one," he ex-
claims, "can hold or recover his house, his estate, his paternal
property, if, when they are sued for, a dishonest praetor, from
whom there is no appeal, appoints any one whom he pleases
judge; or if a profligate and worthless judge decides what the
praetor orders; or if, again, the praetor so frame the order
(formula) that not even the wisest and best judge can decide
otherwise. If, for instance, he appoints L. Octavius (an un-
exceptionable man) judex with the formula, if it shall appear
1 Gaius by Heff, cap. vii, p. 23. « In Verr. II, 1. 2, § 12.
§§ 1314, 1315 ANGLO-SAXON PEOCEDURE 2655
that the property in controversy belongs to P. Servilius, order him
to deliver it to Catulus, is not Octavius forced to compel Servilius
to deliver the property to Catulus, although it do not belong
to him?" This is precisely what might occur under our pro-
cedure, if the judge were corrupt; and without any corruption,
it is precisely the error which the system of exceptions to the
charge is intended to correct.
The formula thus took the place of our charge to the jury.
As that charge does, it stated hypothetically the verdict or
judgment to be rendered, and gave the instructions according
to which the issue should be decided. The only material
difference is, that it was in some cases given before the witnesses
were heard. The state of facts was therefore assumed to
appear correctly in the allegations of the parties; and the in-
structions of law arising on these facts were given before the
testimony was taken. This may now appear awkward and
inconvenient, but does not in principle differ from our own
mode.
§ 1314. Changes wrought by the empire.
This system was, as has been already said, effaced by the
despotism of the empire. The independence of such a judiciary
was, of course, hostile to that centraUzation which was the
essence of the imperial organization; the judices were aboUshed,
and the decision of the entire cause given to the court alone.
This resulted in the aboUtion of all oral discussion; and such
was the system in force at the time when the Institutes of
Justinian condensed and embodied the Roman law. Such,
too, was the system which was adopted when civilization re-
sumed its progress in continental Europe, and so it remained
till the French reforms introduced the jury in certain cases.
§ 1315. Origin and development of the Anglo-Saxon judicial
procedure.
In the meantime, however, in the island inhabited by that
great people from whom we derive our origin, a system anal-
ogous to the Roman system in its best days had grown up;
a system of unknown origin, whether a relic of Roman, or a
child of German liberty, it is perhaps impossible now to say
2656 COURT AND JURY § 1316
but marked by very peculiar and distinct features, and claim-
ing as its chief merits two great principles, oral and public
discussion, and a division of the judicial functions between
the court and the jvu-y.' **
§ 1316. Former indefinite separation between province of
court and of jury.
* It is very plain, from the early records of our jurisprudence,
imperfect as they are, that the relative powers of the court and
the jury were at first very loosely defined, and that many im-
portant changes and modifications have been from time to
time introduced. So, originally, the jxu-ors were the witnesses
themselves, and found their verdict on their own knowledge of
the facts. And in a very large class of cases, not falling within
those in which exemplary damages may be claimed the jury
exercised an almost unlimited control over the subject of re-
muneration. On the other hand, the com-t, in many cases of
default and demurrer, took the disposition of the facts of the
case to themselves, and pronounced the judgment. Thus, it
was at one time held that the court could dispose of the case if
the plea were sent to be tried in a foreign county, for the jury
there had not full knowledge of the fact.* And so, where the
court could increase- damages, it was held they could mitigate
them.* So, also, in an early author, it is said, that "though the
justices use to award inquest of damages when they give judg-
ment by default, yet they themselves may tax the damages if
they will." ^ So, too, from another early case, where judgment
was given by default, it seems clear that the judges originally
' Nor is the division of power be- ensemble dans une longite alternative de
tween the magistrate and the judex, the lutte et de rapprochement, jusque ce que
only important analogy between the le temps ait ameni leur fiisimi plus ou
Roman and the English systems of ju- mains complete. ... Sa formule la
risprudence. Two different and dis- plus large et la plv^ haute c'est le jus
tinct bodies of law, as distinct and dif- civile et I'aequitas, sans cesse opposes I'un
ferent as common law and equity with d I'autre, comme deux principes disUncts
us, existed in the early days of the Ro- et inegaux. De- I'Influence du Chris-
man system. La civilization Romaine, tianisme sur le Droit Civil des Romains
says Troplong, s'est developpee sous I'in- par M. Troplong, oh. iii.
fl/uence de deux elemens, qu'on pour- * 1 Rol. 572, 1. 50.
rait en quelgue sorte appeler de premi&re ' 1 Rol. 572, 1. 25-8; 573, 1. 7.
et de seconde formation, et qui ont vecu ' Viner Abr. Dam. 1, 3.
§ 1316 PROVINCE OF COURT AND JURY 2657
might award damages without the intervention of a writ of
inquiry.^ So, too, on demurrer, and in actions of debt, the sum
being certain, this power seems to have been exercised at a
much later day.*
The following case shows the unsettled condition of the law
in the respect we are now considering. A motion being made
to increase damages, because the jury had only given twelve
pence, whereas the plaintiff's arm was broken; RoUe, C. J.,
refused, because it did not appear by the declaration what
manner of maiming it was that he received.' It was early
decided, however, that the justices of Nisi Prius could not in-
crease the damages,^" nor the court on the certificate of the
justices of Nisi Prius."** The court, at a comparatively
early day, refused to increase the damages on an affidavit of all
the jurors, that they had thought the effect of their verdict
would be to give the plaintiff more than it did, when the ap-
plication was made "at a distance of time after trial." ^^
In certain cases, however, the power of the court over the
verdict was allowed. So, in some instances, on bills of exchange,
the coiu't assessed the damages without the intervention of a
jury.i' So, in case of mayhem, the courts exercised the power
of altering, and even increasing the verdict. Thus, where a
verdict had been found for the plaintiff of £150, and it was
moved to increase the damages, Lee, C. J., said: "There is no
doubt but the coiu-t can increase the damages in this case, even
upon view of the party maimed." But they held the £150
sufficient, and discharged the rule.^* By the practice which
' So says Brooke, Dam., pi. 55. Le " Robinson v. Reynolds, 2 Q. B.
(fe/. fist defaut el le pV recouer' dams a 196; Clement v. Lewis, 3 Br. & B.
iv, li. taxe p. I'court et non dam. come il 297. So in New York the damage
count, quod nota q. le court mesm,e taxa could be assessed by the clerk, on prom-
les Damages. issory notes, bills, etc., but not on the
' Bro., Dam., pi. 56: Sur demur, in common counts nor unliquidated de-
Uy, le court poet agard damag sauns in- manda; and in regard to this, several
quire de ceo per curiam qd. nota. Vide, cases have been decided. Burr v.
also pJ. 59, 68, 194. See Sayer on Dam- Waterman, 2 Cow. 36, n.; Golden v.
ages, ch. xx, 105; Holdipp v. Otway, 2 Knickerbacker, 2 Cow. 31; Rogers v.
Sand. 102; 21 Car. 2, Sayer, 107. Coleman, 3 Cow. 62; Beard v. Van
' Jervis v. Lucas, Style, 345. Wickle, 3 Cow. 335; Seeber v. Yates, 6
i» 1 Rol. 573, 1. 30. Cow. 40.
" 1 Rol. 572, 1. 20. " Brown v. Seymour, 1 Wils. 5.
" Jackson v. Williamson, 2 T. R. 281.
167
2658 COURT AND JURY § 1317
prevailed for a time, the court, in actions for injuries to the
person, itself often took a view of the injury, and thereupon
increased or mitigated the damages found by the jury accord-
ing to its judgment. ^^ So where in such a case a jury gave
twenty marks damages, on a view in court, and information
of the surgeons present, the court increased the damages, be-
cause the party lost the use of his arm.^^ And as lately as
1856, an appeal from the decision of the circuit judge denying a
motion to increase the damages super visum vulneris was
formally argued before the South Carolina Court of Appeals,
in an action of trespass vi ei armis, where the jury had awarded
the moderate sum of $30 for a mayhem, whereby one of the
plaintiff's eyes and his right thumb were destroyed. The
court held that the old common-law practice, on which, the
motion was founded, had been abrogated by disuse. The rule
gradually developed was now long established, that in all cases
sounding in damages, these damages are to be assessed by a
jury under the direction of the court, and not by the court
independently of the jury." * But the fluctuations and os-
cillations of the system have been gradually corrected and
brought under fixed rules. The progress of time and the ac-
cumulation of experience enable us now to draw the lines of
demarcation with great clearness, and the complication of
the machinery disappears when carefully examined.
§ 1317. Present separation of functions.
The first leading proposition on which the whole structure
of our system depends is, that the court decides all questions
of law. Statutes are expounded, contracts interpreted, writ-
ten instruments construed, evidence admitted or excluded,
by the court and by the court alone.** And it necessarily
follows from this, that if the, jury disregard the instructions
of the court on any question of law, their verdict will be set
aside. It is by the exercise of this power alone that the control
of the com-t over questions of law can be preserved. The
1* See the cases collected in RoUe's " McCoy v. Lemon, 11 Rich. L.
Abr., pp. 571, 572; also, Broske, Dam. 165.
49, 86, 87. •» U. S. v. Hodge, 6 How. 279, 12 L.
'* Freeman v. Trevers, 1 Rol. Abr. ed. 437.
572.
§ 1318 EXEMPLARY DAMAGES 2659
correlative proposition to this is, that the jury decides all
questions of fact. Where the facts are admitted, the rights of
the parties must depend on a pure question of law, and they
are, of course, under the control of the court; but the instant
that an issue of fact is presented, the decision of the cause
passes from the court to the jury. The rule giving the jury
the decision of all questions of fact, if no exception were ad-
mitted, would, as has been said, effectually make the jury
masters of the whole matter in controversy. Various modi-
fications have, therefore, been introduced to it,** as for instance
that the discretion of the jury must be based upon facts and
circumstances proved in the case,^^ and in some cases the rule
is changed by statutory enactment. Thus, the Revised
Statutes of Indiana have abrogated the common-law rule,
that, in an action of tort, the court cannot assess the damages.
Under that provision the right to a jury trial of the question
of damages is waived by not appearing.^" And, in Louisiana,
the Supreme Court have power to increase the damage on
appeal.^i And it is well settled that provisions of law provid-
ing for the ascertainment of damages without the intervention
of a jury, in the case of the taking of land under the right of
eminent domain, do not violate the constitutional requirement
of trial by jury.^^
§ 1318. Exemplary damages— Aggravation and mitigation.
We have already seen ^' that the allowance and amount
of exemplary damages is a question for the jury. The court
has, as in every case involving the determination of questions
of fact, the right to instruct the jury that there is no evidence
to justify them in allowing exemplary damages, and it is error
to submit the question of exemplary damages to the jury if
there is no such evidence; ^^ and the court has the power in
this, as in any other case, of setting aside the verdict as exces-
"laeger v. Metcalf, 11 Ariz. 283, New York: Beekman v. Saratoga &
94 Pac. 1094. S. R. R., 3 Pai. 45.
» Langdon v. Bullock, 8 Ind. 341. See McDuffee v. Fellows, 157 Mich.
21 DonneU v. Sandford, 11 La. Ann. 664, 122 N. W. 276.
645. " §§ 387, 388.
'^ United States: Bonaparte v. Cam- ^* Lexington Ry. v. Fain, 80 S. W.
den & A. R. R., 1 Bald. 205. 463, 25 Ky. L. Rep. 2243.
2660 COURT AND JURY §§ 1318a, 1319
sive.^^ But if there is any evidence which would justify the
jury in allowing exemplary damages, the question whether
such damages shall be allowed, and if so, what the amount of
them shall be, is entirely for the jury, and a direction that they
shall give exemplary damages is erroneous.^®
Upon the same principle the amount of weight to be allowed
evidence in mitigation or aggravation is entirely for the jury;
and it would seem that the question whether certain evidence
tends to mitigate or aggravate damages is one of fact for the
jury." It has, however, been said in Missouri ^* that "what
circumstances will mitigate or aggravate a wrong done, is a
question of law, and if any such circumstances exist, they should
be pointed out by the court.
§ 1318a. Double and treble damages.
Where a plaintiff is entitled to double or treble damages it is
immaterial whether the jury find actual damages and they are
multiplied by the court, or the jury themselves find the multi-
ple amount. ^^ In New York it has been held that when the
plaintiff is entitled to recover treble damages unless it appears
from the record that the verdict is for single damages, it will
be presumed that the treble value was found. ^^
§ 1319. Modifications— Setting aside verdict.
* In the first place, a verdict may be set aside because it is
against the weight of testimony. This power is, however, very
sparingly exercised; and on mere questions of fact the court
always interferes with great hesitation and reluctance. So, a
verdict will not be disturbed merely because it appears that
="> § 388. Nm-th Carolina: Blow v. Joyner, 72
=« Neeb v. Hope, 111 Pa. 145; see S. E. 319.
§ 387. 2' See § 52.
Therefore a verdict cannot be set '^ Rains v. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry.,
aside because the jury failed to include 71 Mo. 164, 36 Am. Rep. 459.
exemplary damages. 29 Colorado: Richards v. Sanderaon,
New York: Rockefeller v. Lamora, 39 Colo. 270, 89 Pac. 769.
106 App. Div. 345, 94 N. Y. Supp. 549. Smdh Dakota: Jensen v. South
Tennessee: Simpson v. Markwood, 6 Dakota Cent. Ry., 25 S. D. 406, 127
Baxt. 340. N. W. 650.
And the amount must be left entirely Ante, § 930a.
to the jury. ^ Prignitz v. McTieman, 18 Misc.
Georgia: Selman v. Barnett, 4 Ga. 651, 43 N. Y. Supp. 974.
App. 375, 61 S. E, 501.
§ 1320 INSTRUCTIONS ON QUESTIONS OF DAMAGES 2661
the jury have reasoned incorrectly. In a case in the EngUsh
Common Pleas, Maule, J., said: "We are not, however, to set
aside a verdict because the jury, one or all of them, may have
reasoned inconclusively. If such a doctrine were to prevail,
scarcely any verdict would stand. The trial by jury is not
founded upon a supposition so absurd, as that the whole twelve
will reason infallibly from the premises to the conclusion."
So, again, where a judge who tries a cause in trespass rec-
ommends a verdict for nominal damages, but the jury give
substantial damages (£5), such a verdict will not be set aside
as perverse. '1 And this rule has been repeatedly affirmed in
this country. So, in Mississippi, it has been decided that a
verdict will always be permitted to stand, unless it is opposed
by a decided preponderance of the evidence, or is based on no
evidence whatever; ^^ and, in Texas, that the verdict of a jury
founded on conflicting testimony will not be set aside, unless
it be very apparent that they decided wrongly. ''
§ 1320." Instructions on questions of damages.
The jury should have such guidance from the court, in the
form of instructions on the law of damages apphcable to the
facts shown as will enable them to understand and act upon
the evidence.'* And the instructions should state the law in
sufficient detail, and not, by too general a charge, give the jury
a "roving commission" to find such damages as they please.'^
■^ For § 1320 of the eighth .edition see Illinois: Haisler v, Hayden, 124 Dl.
§ 1325. App. 264.
'• Chilvers v. Greaves, 5 Man. & Gr. Indiana: Monongahela R. C. C. &
578. C. Co. V. Hardsaw, 169 Ind. 147, 81
»2 acely V. State of Mississippi, 13 N. E. 492; Knoefel v. Atkins (Ind.), 81
Sm. & M. 202. N. E. 601; Chicago & E. R. R. v.
8» Perry v. Robinson, 2 Tex. 400. Fretz, 173 Ind. 519, 90 N. E. 76.
" Missouri: Howes v. Kansas City Kentucky: Lexington Ry. v. Herring,
S. Y. Co., 103 Mo. 60, 15 S. W. 97 S. W. 1127, 30 Ky. L. Rep. 269;
751. Louisville & N. R. R. v. Farris^, 100 S.
Nebraska: Hoover v. Haynes, 65 Neb. W. 870, 30 Ky. Law Rep. 1193.
557, 93 N. W. 732. Mississippi: Carbolineum W. P. &
Pennsylvania: Pauza v. Lehigh V. C. M. Co. v. Meyer, 76 Miss. 586, 25 So.
Co., 231 Pa. 577, 80 Atl. 1126. 297.
Texas: Lyon v. Bedgood (Tex. Civ. Missouri: Camp v. Wabash R. R., 94
App.), 117 S. W. 897. Mo. App. 272, 68 S. W. 96.
'' Alabama: Southern Ry. v. Cooh- New York: Rhodes v. Union Ry., 52
ran, 149 Ala. 673, 42 So. 100. Misc. 501, 102 N. Y. Supp. 510.
2662
COURT AND JURY
§1321
If no assistance is given to the jury by the court, the verdict
cannot be upheld;^* though in a few cases it is said that if the
losing party takes no exception to the lack of a definite charge
he cannot complain of it after the verdict." Where a correct
charge has been given, it is not error to refuse additional in-
structions.'^
A charge which is not based on evidence is misleading and
erroneous; '^ so is a charge which properly and fairly under-
stood, permits the jury to give double damages.**
§ 1321." Effect of erroneous instructions.
An erroneous instruction cannot be alleged as ground for a
new trial by a party who asked for it, *^ or where it was erro-
neous because based on facts erroneously accepted as true.
Wisconsin: Guinard v. Knapp, Stout
& Co., 95 Wis. 482, 70 N. W. 671.
In Pittsburgh, C, C. & St. L. Ry. v.
Collins (Ind.), 80 N. E. 415, the in-
structions were held sufficiently pre-
cise.
" For § 1321 of the eighth edition
see § 1326.
^^ New York: Barr v. Schefer, 118
App. Div. 834, 103 N. Y. Supp. 733.
Tennessee: Citizens' St. R. R. v.
Burke, 98 Tenn. 650, 40 S. W. 1085.
" United States: United States Smelt-
ing Co. V. Parry, 166 Fed. 407, 92 C. C.
A. 159.
Missouri: Wheeler v. Bowles, 163
Mo. 398, 63 S. W. 675.
Texas: Galveston H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Parish, 45 Tex. Civ. App. 493, 100 S.
W. 1175.
^'Colorado: Denver C. T. Co. v.
Hills, 50 Colo. 328, 116 Pac. 125.
Kentucky: Exchange Bank v. Gaits-
kill, 37 S. W. 160, 18 Ky. L. Rep. 532.
Texas: Lyon v. Bedgood (Tex. Civ.
App.), 117 S. W. 897.
" Iowa: O'Connor v. Chicago, R. I.
& P. Ry., 144 la. 289, 122 N. W. 947.
New York: Clarke v. Westcott, 37
N. Y. Supp. 1111; Gilbertson v. Forty-
second St. M. & S. N. A. Ry., 43 N. Y.
Supp. 782, 14 App. Div. 294; Cam-
paretti v. Union Ry., 95 App. Div. 66,
88 N. Y. Supp. 425.
*" Georgia: Southern Ry. v. Jordan,
129 Ga. 665, 59 S. E. 802.
Kentucky: Doerhoefer v. Shew-
maker, 123 Ky. 646, 97 S. W. 7.
Missouri: Westervelt v. St. Louis
Transit Co., 222 Mo. 325, 121 S. W.
114 (semble).
Texas: Texas Cent. Ry. v. Brock, 88
Tex. 310, 31 S. W. 500.
Washington: Simons v. Cissna, 52
Wash. 115, 100 Pac. 200.
The courts in Texas are marvellously
acute in finding that the charge per-
mitted the allowance of double dam-
ages. Ft. Worth & R. G. Ry. v. Morris,
45 Tex. Civ. App. 696, 101 S. W. 1038;
Beaumont Traction Co. v. Edge, 46
Tex. Civ. App. 448, 102 S. W. 746;
Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. Hibbitts, 49
Tex. Qv. App. 419, 109 S. W. 228; St.
Louis & S. F. R. R. v. Lane, 49 Tex.
Civ. App. 541, 110 S. W. 530; El Paso
& S. W. R. R. V. O'Keefe, 50 Tex. Civ.
App. 579, 110 S. W. 1002; Texas Mid-
land R. R. V. Geraldon, 54 Tex. Civ.
71, 117 S. W. 1004; International & G.
N. R. R. V. Hood, 55 Tex. Civ. App.
334, 118 S. W. 1119.
"Andrews v. Chicago, M. & S. P.
Ry., 86 la. 677, 53 N. W. 399.
1322
POWEE OF JtTRY
2663
during the trial, by both parties;. *^ nor will a verdict be set
aside for an erroneous instruction which cannot have preju-
diced the petitioner/' or when the error related to a separable
item of damage which can be deducted from the judgment/^
But in general a verdict based on an erroneous charge will
be set aside, no matter how reasonable in itself, or how cor-
rect other portions of the charge may have been.*^ By the
better view, if the error affects the amount of damages only a
new trial should be confined to the question of damages.^"
§ 1322." Power of jury to act without evidence of damages.
Even in assessing non-pecuniary damages, such as compen-
sation for pain and suffering, the jury must be guided by the
evidence, and cannot go counter to it in finding their verdict.*^
But in such cases the evidence cannot definitely fix the
damages, and wherever the evidence leaves the amount of
damages indefinite, because of the nature of the case, it is the
duty of the jury to find the amount by the use of their judg-
ment and general knowledge.^
'^ For § 1322 of the eighth edition,
see §§ 1329, 1330.
" Colorado: Mountz v. Apt, 119 Pac.
150.
Missouri: Taylor v. Scherpe & K. A.
I. Co., 133 Mo. 349, 34 S. W. 581.
*^ Michigan: Durfee v. Newkirk, 83
Mich. 522, 47 N. W. 351.
Nebraska: Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R.
V. Archer, 46 Neb. 907, 65 N. W. 1043.
New York: Powell v. Fletcher, 18 N.
Y. Supp. 451.
** Kansas: Kansas City, M. & O. Ry.
V. Turley, 71 Kan. 256, 80 Pac. 605.
Pennsylvania: Graham v. Keys, 29
Pa. 189.
South Dakota: Kime v. Bank of Edge-
mont, 22 S. D. 630, 119 N. W. 1003.
*' Missouri: Morris v. Grand Ave.
Ry., 144 Mo. 500, 46 S. W. 170.
Texas: Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v.
Godair, 3 Tex. Civ. App. 514, 22 S. W.
777; International & G. N. R. R. v.
Cook (Tex. Civ. App.), 33 S. W. 888.
«Broughel v. Southern N. E. T.
Co., 72 Conn. 617, 45 Atl. 435, 49 L.
R. A. 404.
" Alabama: Seaboard Mfg. Co. v.
Woodson, 94 Ala. 143, 11 So. 733.
Arkansas: St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry.
V. Dallas, 93 Ark. 209, 124 S. W. 247.
North Carolina: Shepard v. Western
U. T. Co., 143 N. C. 244, 55 S. E. 704.
*» Colorado: Denver C. T. Co. v.
Riley, 14 Colo. App. 132, 59 Pac. 476
(companionship of wife).
Connecticut: Harris v. Ansonia, 73
Conn. 359, 47 Atl. 672 (shade tree).
Illinois: Chicago, B. & Q. R. R. v.
Warner, 108 111. 538 (pain).
Iowa: Scurlock v. Boone, 142 la.
684, 121 N. W. 369.
Kansas: Chicago, K. & W. R. R. v.
Willits, 45 Kan. 110, 25 Pac. 576 (in-
jury to land).
Nebraska: Ellison v. Brown, 43 Neb.
68, 61 N. W. 97 (feeUngs); Flinn v.
Frederickson, 131 N. W. 934 (pain).
New York: Coimtryman v. Fonda, J.
& G. R. R., 166 N. Y. 201, 59 N. E. 822
2664
COURT AND JURY
§1323
§ 1323. Wrong measure of damages adopted by jury.
Where the verdict is evidently based upon an erroneous
measure of damages, the court will not hesitate to set it aside. *^
And so where interest was not recoverable, the court directed
it to be remitted.*" And where a vaUd counter-claim was over-
looked in estimating damages for the plaintiff, the verdict
was not allowed to stand. ^^ Where no damages are proved,
and the case does not admit of exemplary damages, a verdict
for anything more than a nominal sum will not be sustained.*^
And where exemplary damages have been improperly allowed
by the jury, and the verdict exceeds the amount of actual
damages, the coiu-t will interfere.*'
Where the loss was entirely pecuniary, and the damages
are much greater or less than the amount proved to be the
plaintiff's loss, the verdict will be set aside.** Where the jiu-y
is known to have included in the verdict an improper item of
damage, the verdict wiU not be set aside if it can be cured by
the plaintiff remitting the excess.** But if it is impossible
(death); Femstein v. Jacobs, 15 Misc.
474, 37 N. Y. Supp. 345 (loss of sup-
port); Horowitz V. Hamburg A. P. Co.,
41 N. Y. Supp. 54, 18 Misc. 24 (whether
injury permanent).
See ante, § 170a.
<' United States: Palmer v. Fiske, 2
Curt. C. C. 14.
Kentucky: Ray v. Jeffries, 86 Ky.
367; Bannon v. Rohmeiser, 34 S. W.
1084, 35 S. W. 280, 17 Ky. L. Rep.
1378.
Neit) Jersey: Ellsworth v. Central R.
R., 34 N. J. L. 93.
England: Creed v. Fisher, 9 Ex. 472.
'"Connelly v. McNeil, 2 Jones L.
51.
" Havana, R. & E. R. R. v. Walsh,
85 111. 58.
'2 Arkansas: Smith i/. Houston, 25
Ark. 183.
California: De Briar v. Minturn, 1
Cal. 450.
Georgia: Oakley Mills Manf. Co. v.
Neese, 54 Ga. 459.
Illinois: Cochrane ii. Tuttic, 75 111.
361; Pittsburgh, C. & St. L. R. R. v.
Dewin, 86 111. 296.
'' Arkansas: St. Louis, I. M. & S.
Ry. V. Hall, 53 Ark. 7, 13 S. W. 138.
lUinois: Toledo, P. & W. R. R. v.
Patterson, 63 111. 304; Farwell v. War-
ren, 70 111. 28; Becker v. Dupree, 75 111.
167; Hayes v. Parmalee, 79 111. 563;
Kolb V. O'Brien, 86 111. 210.
New Hampshire: Cram v. Hadley, 48
N. H. 191.
" Flonda: Jacksonville T. & K. W.
Ry., V. Roberts, 22 Fla. 324.
Illinois: Cassell v. Hays, 51 111. 261.
Indiana: Nutter v. Junction R. R.,
13 Ind. 479.
Kentucky: Ray v. Jeffries, 86 Ky. 367.
'* United States: Bank of Kentucky
V. Ashley, 2 Pet. 327, 7 L. ed. 440.
Illinois: Toledo, W. & W. Ry. v.
Beals, 50 111. 150.
Maine: Cyr v. Dufour, 62 Me. 20.
Massachusetts: Lambert v. Craig, 12
Pick. 199.
Minnesota: Stickney v. Bronson, 5
Minn. 215.
§ 1324 MODES OF COMPtrxlNG DAMAGES 2665
to determine how the jury made up their verdict, so as to cor-
rect the error, the verdict must be set aside/^ In Georgia
the court will, it is said, set aside a verdict if, in its opinion,
there is not evidence from which the jury can ascertain the
amount of damage.^'
§ 1324." Modes of computing damages allowed the jury.
A question has presented itself as to the mode in which the
jury may arrive at the quantum of damages in cases where
they are greatly divided on the question of amount. The
jury cannot abdicate its functions and decide the amount by
chance. So, in the old case of MelUsh v. Arnold ^* a new trial
was granted, "because the jury threw up cross or pile, whether
they should give the plaintiff three hundred pounds or five hun-
dred pounds damages, and the chance of five hundred pounds
came up."
* It has been decided that if they agree beforehand, that
each juror shall mark the sum to which he conceives the plain-
tiff entitled, and that the total of these amounts divided in
twelve (the number of jurors) shall be the verdict, the whole
proceedings will be void, and a new trial will be ordered, for
the reason that the whole thing is a mere matter of chance.^'
So, in New York, it has been decided that the jury will not be
allowed to arrive at a verdict by each of the jurors marking
down a particular sum, apd then dividing the whole amount
by the number of jurors; and on assignment of error in fact,
the judgment for this cause will be reversed.^" So, in England,
New Hampshire: Sanborn i/. Emer- ^^ Smith v. Dukes, 5 Minn. 373.
son, 12 N. H. 57; Pierce v. Wood, 23 " Oakley Mills Mfg. Co. v. Neese,
N. H. 619; WUlard v. Stevens, 24 N. H. 54 Ga. 459.
271; Odlin v. Gove, 41 N. H. 465, 77 '«Bunb. 61.
Am. Dec. 773; Cross v. Wilkins, 43 N. '" /iimois: Illinois Cent. R. R. D.Abie,
H. 332. 69 111. 131.
New Jersey: Hatfield v. Central R. Iowa: Manix v. Malony, 7 la. 81.
R., 33 N. J. L. 251. Mississippi: Parham v. Harney, 6
Rhode Island: Forbes v. Howard, 4 Sm. & M. 65.
R. 1. 364. Tennessee: EUedge v. Todd, 1
Wisconsin: Kavanaugh v. Janesville, Humph. 43, 34 Am. Dec. 616.
24 Wis. 618; Strong v. Hooe, 41 Wis. «» Harvey v. Rickett, 15 Johns. 87;
659. Roberts v. Failis, 1 Cowen, 238.
" For § 1324 of the eighth edition,
see § 1327.
2666 coTTRf AND JURY § 1324
the court will not permit the jury to arrive at a verdict by-
splitting a difference.'! But if the same course be taken in
order to ascertain with more accuracy how the jury stands,
the rule is different; and it has been held not improper for them
to arrive at their verdict by each marking a sum and dividing
it by twelve, provided they do not previously bind themselves
to adhere to the result of the arithmetical computation.^^ **
It is, of course, error to charge the jury that this course may
be pm-sued."' In Boynton v. Trumbull** the jury agreed
among themselves to give a verdict for half the aggregate
of the lowest and highest sums allowed by them individually,
and the verdict was consequently set aside. It seems to be
improper, if witnesses differ as to value, to charge the jury that
an average of the estimates may be taken.*^ The evidence of
a member of the jury will not be received to impeach the ver-
dict.««
" Hall V. Poyser, 13 M. & W. 600. Pennsylvania: Kreider's Estate, 18
'* California: Wilson v. Berryman, Pa. 374.
5 Cal. 44, 63 Am. Dec. 78; Turner v. Rhode Island: Forbes v. Howard, 4
Tuolumne County Water Co., 25 Cal. R. I. 364; Luft v. Linganie, 17 R. 1. 420,
397; Boyce v. California Stage Co., 25 22 Atl. 942.
Cal. 460. Tennessee: Tinkle v. Dunivant, 16
Illinois: Pekin v. Winkel, 77 111. 56. Lea, 503.
Indiana: Guard v. Risk, 11 Ind. Wisconsin: Fowler v. Colton, Burn.
156. 175.
Iowa: Barton v. Holmes, 16 la. 252. « AUard v. Smith, 2 Met. (Ky.) 297.
Massachusetts: Dorr v. Fenno, 12 «' 45 N. H. 408.
Pick. 521. " Thomas v. Dickinson, 12 N. Y.
Minnesota: St. Martin v. Desnoyer, 1 364, per Johnson, J.
Minn. 156, 61 Am. Dec. 494. "^ Maine: Hovey v. Luce, 31 Me. 346.
New York: Dana v. Tucker, 4 Johns. Michigan: Wixom v. Bixby, 137
487. Mich. 479, 86 N. W. 1001.
CHAPTER LVIII
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§ 1325.
1326.
1327.
1328.
1329.
1330.
1331.
1332.
1333.
1334.
1335.
1336.
1337.
1338.
1339.
1340.
1341.
1342.
1343.
1344.
1345.
1346.
1347.
1348.
Power of court to set aside
verdicts.
What damages are excessive.
Successive verdicts.
Cases in which the court will
act.
Practice.
Remission of the excess.
When a remittitur will be en-
tered.
Action of appellate courts on
excessive damages.
What amount is excessive.
Pecuniary loss.
Defamation.
False imprisonment.
Malicious prosecution.
AUenation of affections.
Breach of promise of mar-
riage.
Seduction.
Telegraph companies.
Carriers.
Other malicious torts, or
wrongs causing mental suf-
fering.
Exemplary damages.
Assault and battery.
Physical injury; doubtful
physical consequences.
Slight or temporary injury.
Broken bones: bones of leg
and hip.
! 1349.
1350.
1351.
1352.
1353.
1354.
1355.
1356.
1357.
1358.
1359.
1360.
1361.
1362.
1363.
1364.
1365.
1366.
1367.
1368.
1369.
1370.
1371.
1372.
Bones of arm or shoulder.
Bones of the trunk.
Bones of the head.
Surgical operation.
Pain and suffering.
Permanent injuries: disability
to labor.
Permanent crippling.
Loss of a member: leg or foot.
Loss of a member: arm, hand,
or finger.
Disfigurement.
Impairment of sight or hear-
ing.
Nervous disorders.
Insanity and loss of mental
power.
Shortening of life.
Other permanent injuries.
Doubt as to permanence of
injury.
Loss of service.
Civil damage act.
Damages for death.
Inadequate damages.
Failure to allow damages
where compensation should
be given.
What damages are inade-
quate: torts in general.
Personal injuries.
Death.
§ 1325." Power of court to set aside verdicts.
The court holds itself at liberty to set aside verdicts and
grant new trials even in that class of cases where there is no
fixed legal rule of compensation, whenever the damages are so
' For § 1325 of the eighth edition see § 1328.
2667
2668 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES § 1325
excessive as to create the belief that the jury have been misled
either by passion, prejudice, or ignorance. But this power is
never used except in a clear case. So, in an action for malicious
indictment of the plaintiff for perjury, where a verdict of £400
was obtained, on a rule for new trial it was insisted that the
verdict was excessive. But it was refused, and Lord Mans-
field said: "New trials are not to be granted in this class of
cases without very strong grounds indeed, and such as carry
internal evidence of intemperance in the minds of the jury."'
The doctrine has been repeatedly affirmed in early cases in
this country. So Mr. Justice Story decided that in cases
of tort the verdict will not be disturbed unless it is so excessive
and outrageous with reference to all the circumstances of the
case, as to demonstrate that the jury have acted against the
rules of law, or have suffered their passions, their prejudices, or
their perverse disregard of justice to mislead them.^ So, again,
the same sagacious judge said: "A court of law will not set
aside a verdict upon the ground of excessive damages, unless in
a clear case where the jury have acted upon a gross mistake of
facts, or have been governed by some improper influence or
bias, or have disregarded the law." ' Again, in another case,
Mr. Justice Story said :
"The damages are certainly higher than what, had I sitten
on the jury, I should have been disposed to give; and I should
now be better satisfied if the amount had been less.* ... It
is one thing for a court to administer its own measm-e of dam-
ages in a case properly before it, and quite another thing to set
aside the verdict of a jury, merely because it exceeds that meas-
ure. The court, in setting aside a verdict for excessive dam-
ages, should clearly see that they are excessive; that there has
been a gross error; that there has been a mistake of the prin-
ciples upon which the damages have been estimated; or some
improper motives, or feelings, or bias, which have influenced
the minds of the jury. . . . Upon a mere matter of damages,
where different minds might, and probably would, arrive at
' Gilbert v. Burtenshaw, Cowper, 230. * Much the same language was used
^ Whipple V. Cumberland Manuf'g by the court in Harris v. Louisville, N.
Co., 2 Story, 661. O. & T. Ry., 35 Fed. 116.
' Wiggin V. Coffin, 3 Story, 1.
§ 1325 POWER TO SET ASIDE VERDICTS 2669
different results, and nothing, inconsistent with an honest
exercise of judgment, appears, I, for one, should be disposed to
leave the verdict as the jury found it." *
So, in New Jersey, too, it has been declared that the court,
in actions of trespass for personal torts, where damages can be
gauged by no fixed standard, but necessarily rest in the sound
discretion of the jury, interferes with a verdict on the mere
ground of excessive damages with reluctance, and never except
in a clear case.* And it has been said that although it is con-
ceded that the courts have the power of granting a new trial in
cases of crim. con., still it seems that the power has never been
exercised.^ Even in cases where rules of law have been disre-
garded, or where for any reason the verdict cannot be supported,
the power of the court to set aside the decision of the jury will
not be exercised without regard to the justice of the case. So,
where a verdict was obtained for principal and interest, as to
which latter the defendant was clearly liable, but there being
no count adapted to it, the verdict was not strictly regular, the
court nevertheless refused to set it aside, saying: "In motions
for new trial, the court may fairly endeavor to do that which
advances the justice of the cause, and by refusing this rule we
only save the defendant from paying with the tremendous
interest of accumulated costs, what he is in justice bound to
pay at once." ' A case in the EngUsh Court of Exchequer
illustrates the jury's command of the damages, where no rule
of law is violated. The plaintiff, who claimed special damage
from a carrier for non-delivery of goods, had sold them for as
much as he could have obtained if there had been no delay,
and the defendant paid into court £10, which the court con-
sidered ample to cover the expense of a journey he had taken
to look after the goods, and all his actual damages. The jury
having found a verdict for £5 more than had been paid in, a
motion was made to set it aside as perverse. (The damages
being under £20, the motion could not, under the EngUsh prac-
tice, be entertained on the ground that they were excessive.)
The court, although considering the amount decreed clearly
' Thurston v. Martin, 5 Mason, 497, ' Duberley v. Gunning, 4 T. R. 651;
499. Smith v. Masten, 15 Wend. 270.
• Berry v. Vreeland, 21 N. J, L, 183. ' Harrison v. Allen, 2 Bing. 4.
2670 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES § 1325
too large, reluctantly refused to disturb the verdict, as the
question whether the amount paid into court was a sufficient
compensation for the plaintiff's pecuniary loss had been prop-
erly left to the jury, and the verdict was not contrary to any
direction of the judge at Nisi Prius.' "I doubt much," says
Mr. Justice Jackson, in delivering an opinion in the Court of
the Irish Exchequer Chamber, "whether in any case sounding
in damages, for an acknowledged breach of covenant, the judge
ought to take it upon himself to direct a verdict for nominal
damages." ^^
The same ground was taken in City of Ottawa v. Sweely,'^
another action for personal injuries, and the court said: "It
must not be supposed, however, that verdicts in cases of torts
are beyond control; but they should stand, unless they are
grossly erroneous, or there is a palpable misconception of the
testimony, or they are the result plainly of passion or prejudice."
In cases where exemplary damages are allowable, verdicts are
rarely set aside. The obvious reason for this custom is that it
is not easy to decide that such a verdict is so large as to be
against evidence. It is only in extraordinary cases that the
court will act.i^ And so, in Walker v. Erie Railway," an action
to recover damages for personal injuries, a motion to set aside a
verdict for 120,000 was denied, Daniels, J., saying: "The rule
so carefully maintained and guarded in actions upon contracts,
and for tortious injuries to property, is incapable of being ap-
plied where the injury is to the person; for those injuries are
without precise pecuniary measure. The law has, accordingly,
9 Adams v. Midland R. R., 31 L. J. Maher v. Central Park, N. & E. R. R.
(N. S.) Ex. 35. See, as to the bound- R., 67 N. Y. 52. Unless the excess
ary between the power of the covirt and arises from error in the judge's charge,
that of the jury on this subject, Smith Mechanics' & T. Bk. v. Farmers' & M.
V. Symonds, 1 L. T. R. (N. S.) 299, Nat. Bk., 60 N. Y. 40; Starbird v. Bar-
where the construction of a document rows, 62 N. Y. 615.
was left to the jury. In California, it '° Strong v. Kean, 13 Ir. L. R. 93.
is doubtful whether the courts of first " 65 111. 434, 436.
instance have power to interfere when " Illinois: Chicago & Alton R. R. v.
verdicts are excessive. Payne v. Pacific Wilson, 63 111. 167; Singer Manf . Co. v.
Mail Steamship Co., 1 Cal. 33. In Holdfodt, 86 111. 455.
New York, the Court of Appeals can- Texas: Barnette v. Hicks, 6 Tex. 352;
not review the question of excessive McGehee v. Shafer, 9 Tex. 20.
damages. Metcalf v. Baker, 57 N. Y. " 63 Barb. 260, 267.
662; Starbird v. Barrows, 62 N. Y. 615;
§ 1325 POWER TO SET ASIDE VERDICTS 2671
in this class of cases, cominitted the determination of the
amount of damages to be awarded to the experience and good
sense of jurors. And where the verdict rendered by them may
reasonably be presumed to have resulted from an honest and
intelligent exercise of judgment upon their part, the policy of
the coiu-t is, and- necessarily must be, not to interfere with
their conclusion." So where in an action against a railroad
company by a farmer for the death of his wife, who had been
thrown out of his market wagon and killed through collision
with the defendant's train, although the wagon had descended
to the point of collision down a gradual slope for more than a
quarter of a mile, in plain view of the railroad, upon which the
train could have been seen coming at a great distance, and the
court considered that there was not a doubt that the evil
happened from either the plaintiff's misfortune or fault, for
neither of which was the company Uable; yet as the case had
been given to the jury without any error in law, they felt
themselves compelled to affirm a judgment on a verdict of
$9,150 for the plaintiff." The discretion of the court may also
be governed, to a limited extent, by previous decisions in other
cases. ^* This practice cannot, however, be considered as strict
matter of law. The argument has been sometimes advanced,
that when the legislature has fixed the limit to the amount of
damages recoverable for causing the death of a human being,
it is improper, in actions for personal injuries, to allow a greater
sum to the person injured than could have been obtained by
his representative, under the statute, in case of his death.''
The reasoning is not viewed with favor by the courts. These
statutes are enabling in their nature and not restrictive, and
the intention of the legislatures was evidently to extend, not
to lessen, the rights of recovery. Besides this, the damages in
the statutory action go to the family of the person whose death
the defendant has caused, as compensation for their pecuniary
loss through his death; while, in the common-law action, it is
'* Pennsylvania R. R. v. Goodman, " Illinois: Illinois Cent. R. R. v.
62 Pa. 329. Welch, 52 111. 183.
" Kentucky: Louisville & N. R. R. v. New York: Collins v. Albany & S. R.
Fox, 11 Bush, 495. R., 12 Barb. 492; Murray v. Hudson
New York: Travis v. Barger, 24 Barb. River R. R., 47 Barb. 196.
614.
2672
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1326
the person injured who recovers for the damage done to him-
self. The two causes of action are thus fundamentally differ-
ent, and one cannot furnish a measure of damages for the other.
§ 1326. What damages are excessive.
The power of the court to set aside a verdict on account of
excessive damages is closely connected with its right to inter-
fere when the verdict is against evidence. The power to dis-
turb the verdict, as being excessive, rests in the discretion of
the court." But this discretion does not supplant that of the
jury. The court must decide whether there is enough evidence
to support the verdict, and if in its opinion there is sufficient,
then the discretion of the court ceases. Up to that point, the
discretion of the jury is unrestrained. ^^ Hence it follows that
verdicts are often sustained, although they do not meet with
the full approval of the court." If the amount of damages
given by the jury is between the highest and lowest estimate
of the witnesses, the verdict will usually be permitted to stand. ^^
The court will interpose its power only in extreme cases.^^ The
" Oeorgia: Duffield v. Tobin, 20 Ga.
428.
New Jersey: Searles v. Elizabeth, P.
& C. J. Ry., 70 N. J. L. 388, 57 Atl. 134.
'« Idaho: Horn v. Boise C. C. Co., 7
Ida. 640, 65 Pac. 145.
New York: Pastor v. Regan, 9 Misc.
547, 551, 30 N. Y. Supp. 657.
" California: George v. Law, 1 Cal.
363.
Kentucky: Letton v. Young, 2 Mete.
558.
Maine: Donelly v. Booth B. & H. I.
G. Co., 90 Me. 110, 37 Atl. 874.
Michigan: Retan v. Lake Shore & M.
S. Ry., 94 Mich. 146, 53 N. W. 1094.
New York: Potter v. Thompson, 22
Barb. 87.
South Carolina: Entzminger v. Sea-
board A. L. Ry., 79 S. C. 151, 60 S. E.
441.
England: Bennett v. Alcot, 2 T. R.
166; Saunders v. London & N. W. Ry.,
2 L. T. R. (N. S.) 153.
Canada: Ingraham v. Parks, 19 N. B.
101.
21 United States: Alaska S. S. Co. v.
Collins, 127 Fed. 937, 62 C. C. A.
569.
Alaska: Linge v. Alaska Treadwell
Co., 3 Alaska, 9.
Colorado: Gaynor v. Clements, 16
Colo. 209, 26 Pac. 324.
Florida: Atlantic C. L. R. R. i^. Tur-
ner, 59 Fla. 118, 52 So. 586.
Illinois: Lockwood v. Onion, 56 III.
506.
Indiana: Sunnyside Coal & C. Co. v.
Reitz, 14 Ind. App. 478, 39 N. E. 541,
43 N. E. 46.
Iowa: Helm v. Anchor F. I. Co., 132
la. 177, 109 N. W. 605.
Missouri: Reamer v. Morrison Exp.
Co., 93 Mo. App. 501, 67 S. W. 718.
North Carolina: Denby v. Hairson, 1
Hawks, 315.
Texas: Texas Cent. R. R. v. Fisher
(Tex. Civ. App.), 43 S. W. 584.
Canada: Prescott v. Walton, 2 Han.
(N. B.) 230.
^'^ Illinois: Galesburg v. Higley, 61
lU. 287.
§1326
WHAT DAMAGES ARE EXCESSIVE
2673
verdict must be clearly excessive to be set aside, ^^ so great as
to appear at first blush to be outrageous,^' so as to strike every-
one with its enormity and injustice,^* so large that no twelve
men could reasonably have given it.^^ The commonest grounds
on which a vei*dict is set aside as excessive are that it shows
passion, prejudice, partiality, or corruption. ^^
Indiana: Chenowith v. Hicks, 5 Ind.
224.
Kentucky: Nolan v. Standard S. M.
Co., Ill S. W. 290, 33 Ky. L. Rep.
740.
New York: Wilcox v. Green, 23 Barb.
639; Scherpf ». Szadeczky, 4 E. D.
Smith, 110.
A verdict will not be set aside because
it exceeds the limit by a few dollars.
Hueni v. Freehill, 125 111. App. 345.
2* United States: The Commerce, 16
Wall. 33, 21 L. ed. 465.
Arkansas: Pleasants v. Heard, 15
Ark. 403.
California: Weaver v. Page, 6 Cal.
681.
Georgia: Coins v. Western R. R., 59
Ga. 426.
Illinois: Blanchard v. Morris, 15 111.
35; Butler v. Mehrling, 15 III. 488; Chi-
cago & N. W. Ry. V. Peacock, 48 III.
253; Cleveland, C, C. & S. L. B,y. v.
Fuller, 122 III. App. 36.
Indiana: Pittsburg, C. & St. L. R. R.
V. Hennigh, 39 Ind. 509; Cleveland, C,
C. & S. L. Ry. V. Hadley, 170 Ind. 204,
82 N. E. 1025, 84 N. E. 13.
Missouri: Barth v. Merritt, 20 Mo.
567.
New Jersey: Allen v. Craig, 1 Green,
294.
South Carolina: Marshall v. Gunter,
6 Rich. L. 419.
Wisconsin: Murray v. Buell, 74 Wis.
14.
23 Indiana: Pittsburgh, C. & St. L.
Ry. V. Sponier, 85 Ind. 165; Ohio & M.
Ry. V. Judy, 120 Ind. 397, 22 N, E.
252.
Kentucky: North v. Gates, 2 Bibb,
591.
168
Missouri: Fallenstein v. Bodthe, 13
Mo. 427.
'* United States: Wunderlich v. May-
or of New York, 33 Fed. 854.
New York: Coleman v. Southwick, 9
Johns. 45, 6 Am. Dec. 253.
« Praed v. Graham, 24 Q. B. Div. 53,
59 L. J. Q. B. 230, 38 W. R. 103.
^ United States: McGowan v. La
Plata M. & S. Co., 3 McCr. 393; Brown
V. Evans, 8 Sawy. 488.
Arkansas: Kelly v. McDonald, 39
Ark. 387; Sexton v. Brock, 15 Ark. 345.
California: Stuart v. Hoffman, 68
Cal. 381; Shaw v. Southern Pac. R. R.,
157 Cal. 240, 107 Pac. 108; Kimic v.
San Jose-Los Gatos I. Ry., 156 Cal.
273, 104 Pac. 312.
Colorado: Denver & R. G. R. R. v.
Scott, 34 Colo. 99, 81 Pac. 763.
Connecticut: Woodruff v. Richardson,
20 Conn. 238; Haight v. Hoyt, 50 Conn.
583.
Florida: McMurray v. Basnett, 18
Fla. 609, 43 Am. Rep. 327.
Illinois: Spencer v. McMasters, 16
111. 405; Walker v. Martin, 52 111. 347;
Decatur v. Fisher, 53 111. 407; Crose v.
Rutledge, 81 111. 266; Kennies v. Vogel,
87 111. 242; Loewenthal v. Streng, 90
111. 74; Harper v. Black Diamond Coal
Co., 142 111. App. 594.
Indiana: Alexander v. Thomas, 25
Ind. 268; Pittsburgh, C. & St. L. Ry. v.
Sponier, 85 Ind. 165; Pittsburgh, C, C.
& S. L. Ry. V. Lightheiser, 168 Ind. 438,
78 N. E. 1033.
Iowa: Berry v. Central Ry., 40 la.
564.
Kansas: Union P. Ry. v. Hand, 7
Kan. 380; Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Weaver, 16 Kan. 456; Atchison, T. & S.
2674
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1326
Courts have also set aside verdicts as showing on their face
undue sympathy," intemperance,^' malice, ^^ caprice,'" mis-
take,'^ malevolence,'^ or evident improper motive.'' "In all
cases where there is no rule of law regulating the assessment
of damages, and the amount does not depend on computation,
the judgment of the jury, and not the opinion of the court, is to
govern, unless the damages are so excessive as to warrant the
F. R. R. V. Moore, 31 Kan. 197, 47
Am. Rep. 497 (statutory).
Kentucky: North v. Gates, 2 Bibb,
591; Holbum v. Neal, 4 Dana, 121;
Riley v. Nugent, 1 A. K. Marsh. 431;
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Mitchell, 87
Ky. 327, 8 S. W. 706, 12 Am. St. Rep.
488.
Maine: Field v. Plaisted, 75 Me. 476.
Massachusetts: Treanor v. Donahoe,
9 Gush. 228.
Minnesota: Beaulieu v. Parsons, 2
Minn. 37; Shartle v. Minneapolis, 17
Minn. 308; Blume v. Scheer, 83 Minn.
409, 86 N. W. 446; Frigstad v. Great
Northern Ry., 101 Minn. 40, 111 N. W.
838.
Missouri: Wells v. Sawyer, 21 Mo.
354; Goetz v. Ambs, 27 Mo. 28;
Graham v. Pacific R. R., 66 Mo. 536.
Nevada: Quigley v. Gentral P. R. R.,
11 Nev. 350, 21 Am. Rep. 757; Solen v.
Virginia & T. R. R., 13 Nev. 106 (stat-
utory).
New Hampshire: Hovey v. Brown, 59
N. H. 114.
New Jersey: Ogden v. Gibbons, 5 N.
J. L. 518; Merritt v. Harper, 44 N. J.
L. 73.
New York: M'Connell v. Hampton,
12 Johns. 236; Tinney v. New Jersey S.
B. Co., 5 Lans. 507; Bierbauer v. New
York C. & H. R. R. R., 15 Hun, 559;
Oldfield V. New York & H. R. R., 3
E. D. Smith, 103; Jennings v. Van
Schaick, 13 Daly, 7.
Ohio: Simpson v. Pitman, 13 Oh. 365.
Oklahoma: Waters-Pierce Oil Go. v.
Deselms, 18 Okla. 107, 89 Pac. 212.
Rhode Island: Gonoannon v. Tyler,
(R. I.), 67 Atl. 430.
South Carolina: Davis v. Davis, 2 N.
& McG. 81; Wolff v. Cohen, 8 Rich. L.
144.
Tennessee: Boyers v. Pratt, 1 Humph.
90; Moore v. Burchfield, 1 Heisk. 203;
Nashville & C. R. R. v. Smith, 6
Heisk. 174; Tinkle v. Dunivant, 16
Lea, 503; Tennessee Coal & R. R. v.
Roddy, 85 Tenn. 400.
Texas: Galveston v. Posnainsky, 62
Tex. .118, 50 Am. Rep. 517; Willis i>.
McNeill, 57 Tex. 465; Coffin v. Varila
(Tex. Civ. App.), 27 S. W. 956.
Virginia: Parish v. Reigle, 11 Gratt.
697, 62 Am. Dec. 666.
Wisconsin: Goodno v. Oshkosh, 28
Wis. 300.
" Waters v. Bristol, 26 Conn. 398.
^ New York: M'Connell v. Hampton,
12 Johns. 236; Travis v. Barger, 2!4
Barb. 614.
Tennessee: Boyers v. Pratt, 1 Humph.
90; Moore v. Burchfield, 1 Heisk.
203.
» Wells V. Sanger, 21 Mo. 354.
'" Illinois: Jacksonville v, Lambert,
62 111. 519.
Tennessee: Tennessee Coal & R. R. v.
Roddy, 85 Tenn. 400.
'1 Maine: Cyr v. Dufour, 62 Me. 20.
Minnesota: St. Paul v. Kuby, 8
Minn. 154.
New York: Blum v. Higgins, 3 Abb.
Pr. 104; Feldman v. Levy, 56 Misc.
■ 563, 106 N. Y. Supp. 1092.
" Union P. R. R. v. Hause, 1 Wyo.
27.
" Minnesota: St. Martin v. Desnoyer,
1 Minn. 156, 61 Am. Dec; 494; Chap-
man V. Dodd, 10 Minn. 350; Shartle.v.
Minneapolis, 17 Minn. 308.
§ 1326 "WHAT DAMAGES ARE EXCESSIVE 2675
belief that the jury must have been influenced by partiality or
prejudice, or have been misled by some mistaken view of the
merits of the case." '* In Louisville & Nashville Railroad v.
Fox '^ counsel contended that a court cannot pronounce a ver-
dict excessive, unless it be so great as to appear "at the first
blush" to be outrageous. The court says: "There is a large
number of cases in which the language quoted, or language
similar in import, has been used by this court; but in nearly if
not all of the cases in which such language has been used, the
plaintiff was not only entitled to recover compensation, but
was likewise entitled to such additional sum, by way of punish-
ing the defendant, as the jury might deem right." In whatever
form the rule is stated, it always involves a reasonable dis-
cretionary power in the court to set aside a verdict when its
amount, in view of all the circumstances, is so great as to show
that the jury, in arriving at it, must have been influenced by
some improper motive.
A verdict will not be set aside as excessive merely because
the amount "cannot be demonstrated to be mathematically
correct" ; ^^ but on the other hand if it is clearly the result of a
mathematical error, as by faiUng to substract an item, it will
be corrected.^' If the amount found exceeds the estimate of
any witness, including the plaintiff, it will be set aside as
excessive, ^^ but if there is evidence to support it, a verdict will
not be set aside merely because its amount exceeds the estimate
of the plaintiff himself; ^^ and an offer by the plaintiff to remit a
portion of the judgment does not prove it to be excessive.^" A
judgment will not be reversed for a very snaall excess; de
minimis non curat lex.^^
'* Wilde, J., in Worster v. Canal Soxdk Dakota: Bomeman v. Chicago,
Bridge Co., 16 Pick. 547. S. P., M. & O. Ry., 19 S. D. 459, 104
'<■ 11 Bush, 495, 614. N. W. 208.
'8 Warder B. & G. Co. w. Cuthbert, 99 Tennessee: Illinois Cent. R. R. v.
la. 681, 68 N. W. 917. Abernathy, 106 Tenn. 722, 64 S. W. 3.
" Gilmore v. Taylor (Ga. App.), 59 " Taggert v. Hunter, 5 Kan. App. 7,
S. E. 325. 47 Pac. 313.
'8 Jacksonville, T. & K. W. Ry. v. " Illinois: Spunner v. Roney, 122 111.
Garrison, 30 Fla. 431, 11 So. 932. App. 19 (excess of $2.81).
3' Minnesota: Einolf v. Thomson, 95 Kentucky: Weick v. Dougherty, 90
Minn. 230, 103 N. W. 1026, 104 N. W. S. W. 996, 28 Ky. L. Rep. 390, 3 L. R.
647. A. (N. S.) 348.
2676 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES §§ 1327, 1328
§ 1327. Successive verdicts.
The reluctance which the court feels in asserting its power
in doubtful cases is increased, when hke results have been ob-
tained by successive verdicts.^^ Thus, where the plaintiff had
been struck by a locomotive engine and badly injured, and had
obtained successive verdicts for $15,000, $18,000, and $22,250,
the court refused to disturb the last.*' But this consideration
is not controlling, and if the verdict is clearly excessive the
court will exercise its power notwithstanding the number of
previous verdicts; ** the action of the court in cutting down a
previous verdict will not control the action of the court on the
present verdict.*^
§ 1328. Cases in which the court will act.
The court will act more readily in the matter of setting aside
verdicts in actions of contract, where the pecuniary standard
is usually followed.** But the cases fully confirm the right of
the court to set aside verdicts as excessive in any kind of ac-
tion.*^ In certain cases, such as actions for seduction *^ or
crim. con., or for breach of promise of marriage,*' it would re-
quire a very large verdict to authorize the court to take any ac-
tion; but this is so because the evidence would usually support
" Arkansas: Sexton v. Brock, 15 ^ So in actions for services rendered,
Ark. 345. verdicts may be set aside as excessive.
Colorado: Union D. & R. R. v. Smith, Lockwood v. Onion, 56 111. 506; Darling
16 Colo. 361, 27 Pac. 329. v. McDonald, 77 111. 520. And this is
Georgia: Henderson v. Fox, 83 Ga. the practice in all actions on contract.
233. Arkansas: Wallace v. Brown, 17 Ark.
Illmms: Chatsworth v. Rowe, 66 111. 449; Ayliff v. Hardy, 25 Ark. 49.
App. 55; Mills f. Larrance, 120111. App. Illinois: Havana, R. & E. R. R. v.
83. Walsh, 85 111. 58.
Kentucky: Ross v. Ross, 5 B. Mon. 20. ■" Boyce v. California Stage Co., 25
New York: Clark v. Fox, 10 App. Cal. 460.
Div. 514, 41 N. Y. Supp. 1091. « Morgan v. Ross, 74 Mo. 318. Thus
" Shaw V. Boston & W. R. R., 8 in Taylor v. Shelkett, 66 Ind. 297, 300,
Gray, 45. the court said, "a subject for moral and
"New Jersey: Consolidated Trac. social reasoning, not of mathematical
Co. V. Graham, 62 N. J. L. 90, 40 Atl. demonstration, is presented."
773. " Illinois: Richmond v. Roberts, 98
Wisconsin: Bridge v. Oshkosh, 71 111. 472, 480; Douglas v. Gausman, 68
Wis. 363, 37 N. W. 409. 111. 170.
*^ Holmes v. Jones, 69 Hun, 346, 23 Louisiana: Kuck v. Johnson, 114 La.
N. Y. Supp. 631. 781, 38 So. 559.
§1328
CASES IN WHICH COUET WILL ACT
2677
a verdict of any magnitude. The right is often exercised in
actions of tort;^" and the court may even set aside a verdict
60 Por injuries to land:
Georgia: Holland v. Brooks, 40 Ga.
94; Oakley Mills Mfg. Co. v. Neese, 54
Ga. 459.
Illinois: Jacksonville v. Lambert, 62
111. 519.
Maine: Cyr v. Dufour, 62 Me. 20.
For damages to 'personal property:
Louisiana: Haselmeyer v. McLellan,
24 La. Ann. 629.
New York: Starbird v. Barrows, 62
N. Y. 615.
In trover: Peterson v, Gresham, 25
Ark. 380.
For wrongful ejection from a house:
Dearlove v. Herrington, 70 111. 251.
For ejection from a car on a railway:
Illinois: Terra Haute, Alton & St. L.
R. R. V. Vanata, 21 111. 188, 74 Am.
Dec. 96; Chicago City Ry. v. Henry, 62
111. 142; 111. Cent. R. R. v. Johnson, 67
111. 312; 111. Cent. R. R. v. Cunning-
ham, 67 111. 316; Chicago, B. & Q. R. R.
V. Griffin, 68 111. 499.
Ohio: Cincinnati, H. & D. R. R. v.
Cole, 29 Oh. St. 126, 23 Am. Rep.
729.
Wisconsin: Bass v. Chicago & N. W.
R. R., 39 Wis. 636.
For personal injuries:
Illinois: Chicago & R. I. R. R. v. Mc-
Kean, 40 111. 218; Decatur v. Fisher, 53
111. 407; Chicago v. Fowler, 60 111. 322;
Chicago V. Kelly, 69 111. 475; Northern
Line Packet Co. v. Binninger, 70 111.
571; Chicago v. Elzeman, 71 111. 131;
Chicago & Alton R. R. v. Murray, 71
111. 601, 22 Am. Rep. 122; Chicago v.
Hoy, 75 111. 530; Chicago, R. I. & P.
R. R. V. McKittrick, 78 111. 619; Chi-
cago V. Brophy, 79 111. 277.
Iowa: Deppe v. Chicago, I. & P. R.
R., 38 Iowa, 592; Belair v. Chicago &
N. W. R. R., 43 Iowa, 662.
Maine: Hanson v. European & N. A.
R. R., 62 Me. 84, 16 Am. Rep. 404.
New York: Clapp v. Hudson River
R. R., 19 Barb. 461; McMahon v.
Walsh, 43 N. Y. Super. Ct. 36.
For causing death: Potter v. Chicago
& N. W. R, R., 22 Wis. 615.
For malicious prosecution:
California: Potter v. Scale, 5 Cal.
410; Russell v. Dennison, 45 Cal. 337.
Illinois: Nelson v. Danielson, 82 111.
545.
For false imprisonment:
Georgia: Green v. Southern Express
Co., 41 Ga. 515.
Illinois: Newton v. Locklin, 77 111.
103.
For assault and battery:
Illinois: Mitchell v. Robinson, 72 111.
382; Alcorn v. Mitchell, 63 111. 553 (an
action brought against defendant for
spitting in plaintiff's face, in which
$1,000 was held not excessive).
Mississippi: Bell v. Morrison, 27
Miss. 68.
For slander:
Illinms: Flagg v. Roberts, 67 111. 485;
Miller v. Johnson, 79 111. 58.
Missouri: Woodson v. Scott, 20 Mo.
272.
New York: Potter v. Thompson, 22
Barb. 87.
For libd:
California: McDaniel v. Baca, 2 Cal.
326.
Illinois: Storey v. Wallace, 60 III.
51.
New York: Daly v. Byrne, 43 N. Y.
Super. Ct. 261.
For enticing plaintiff's wife away:
Scherpf i/. Szadeczky, 1 Abb. Pr.
(N. Y.) 366.
For seduction:
Arkansas: Patterson v. Thompson,
24 Ark. 55.
New York: Sargent v. , 5
Cow. 106; Travis v. Barger, 24 Barb.
614, and cases there cited.
For crim. con.: Crose v. Rutledge, 81
111. 266. (Thou'gh in such an action a
2678 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES §§ 1329, 1330
for exemplary damages on the ground that it is excessive. ^^
Where, however, a statute makes the jury the sole judges of the
amount of damages, the court cannot disturb their finding."
The court can set aside a referee's report on account of excessive
damages, as well as a verdict.^' And it seems that, in a proper
case, the assessment of a judge may be reversed for the same
reason. ^^
§ 1329. Practice.
The objection to a verdict that it is excessive must be made
by a motion to set it aside on that ground.*^ It cannot be con-
sidered on a simple appeal from a judgment.** The point must
be made at the trial, for otherwise the verdict will not be dis-
turbed, even if it is probably incorrect." The usual practice
upon setting a verdict aside because it is excessive is to order a
new trial; which may be upon the quantum of damages alone.**
§ 1330. Remission of the excess.
In some cases where the jury have given such excessive
damages that the court feel bound to set aside the verdict,
they will, instead of simply ordering a new trial, give the plain-
tiff the option of reducing the verdict to the sum which the
court considers reasonable, and on his remitting the excess will
deny the motion for a new trial, and this is actions of tort as
well as on contracts.*'
verdict is seldom disturbed. Harris v. " Colorado: J. W. Hugus & Co. v.
Rupel, 14 Ind. 209.) Hardenburg, 19 Colo. App. 464, 76
" Kentucky: Louisville & N. R. R. v. Pac. 543.
Brown, 127 Ky. 732, 106 S. W. 795, 13 Pennsylvania: Patton v. Philadelphia,
L. R. A. (N. S.) 1134. 189 Pa. 602, 42 Atl. 296.
Alabama & V. Ry. v. England: Fletcher v. Tayleur, 17
Gibbs (Miss.), 12 So. 545. C. B. 21.
'2 Lewis V. Black, 27 Miss. 425. '» Boyd v. Brown, 17 Pick. 453.
'' Eastman v. Mayor of New York, In New York the Appellate Division
5 Robt. 389. of the Supreme Court may further re-
'* Miles V. Barrows, 122 Mass. 579. . duce a verdict already reduced by the
'' Maine: Moody v. Camden, 61 Me. trial judge. Stemmerman v. Nassau El.
264. R. R., 36 App. Div. 218, 56 N. Y.
Michigan: Casoarella v. National Supp. 730.
Grocer Co., 151 Mich. 15, 114 N. W. ^^ United States: Blunt v. Little, 3
857. Mas. 102; The Grecian Monarch, 32
^ Alfaro V. Davidson, 40 N. Y. Super. Fed. 635; Fotheringham v. Adams Ex.
Ct. 87. Co., 36 Fed. 252.
§1330
REMISSION OF THE EXCESS
2679
In New York the Court of Appeals may grant the privilege
of reducing the verdict when the excess is due to the mistake
of the court.*" As to whether an intermediate court can give
the plaintiff the option of reducing the verdict, or of trying the
case again, when the jury has erred in giving excessive dam-
ages, the decisions in that State have not been uniform. It
was once held that the court in banc has no such power.*^ But
the law is now settled otherwise, and in favor of this power.®^
Under the Louisiana Code the damages may be reduced by the
court absolutely, without any choice on the part of the plain-
tiff.^' In Georgia it is held that counsel may voluntarily remit
part of a verdict, pending motion for a new trial, and if the
balance is not excessive the verdict will not be set aside."
Arizona: Southern Pac. Co. v. Tom-
linson, 4 Ariz. 126, 33 Pac. 710.
California: Kinsey v. Wallace, 36
Cal. 462, 95 Am. Dec. 199.
Illinois: Illinois Cent. R. R. v. Ebert,
74 111. 399.
Iowa: Collins v. Council Bluffs, 35 la.
432; Lombard v. Chicago, R. I. & P.
R. R., 47 la. 494.
Kansas: Missouri P. Ry. ». Dwyer,
36 Kan. 68; Francis v. Brock, 80 Kan.
100, 102 Pac. 472.
Massachusetts: Doyle v. Dixon, 97
Mass. 208, 93 Am. Dec. 80.
Minnesota: Craig v. Cook, 28 Minn.
232.
Mississippi: Young v. Englehard, 1
How. 19.
Montana: Kennon v. Gilmer, 5
Mont. 257, 51 Am. Rep. 45.
New Hampshire: Belknap v. Boston
& M. R. R., 49 N. H. 358.
New Jersey: Union v. Durkes, 38
N. J. L. 21.
New York: Bishop v. Autographic R.
R., 19 App. Div. 268, 46 N. Y. Supp.
97; Diblin v. Murphy, 3 Sandf. 19.
Ohio: Pendleton St. R. R. v. Rah-
mann, 22 Oh. St. 446; Iron R. R. v.
Mowery, 36 Oh. St. 418, 38 Am. Rep.
697. •
Pennsylvania: Yeager v. Weaver, 64
Pa. 425, 3 Am. Rep. 601.
Rhode Island: Burdick v. Weeden, 9
R. I. 139.
South Carolina: Guerry v. Kerton, 2
Rich. L. 507.
Wisconsin: Murray v. Buell, 74 Wis.
14, 41 N. W. 1010.
England: Belt v. Lawes, 12 Q. B. D.
356; Davidson v. Molyneux, 17 L. T. R.
(N. S.) 289. But the practice has been
repudiated by the House of Lords:
Watt V. Watt, [1905] A. C. 115.
Canada: Steadman v. Venning, 22
N. B. 639.
™ Mechanics' & T. Bank v. Farmers'
& M. Nat. Bank, 60 N. Y. 40.
" Moffet tf. Sackett, 18 N. Y. 522;
Cassin v. Delany, 38 N. Y. 178.
»2 Collins V. Albany & S. R. R., 12
Barb. 492; Clapp v. Hudson River R.
R,, 19 Barb. 461; Potter v. Thompson,
22 Barb. 87; Murray v. Hudson River
R. R., 47 Barb. 196; Sears v. Conover, 3
Keyes, 113; Hayden v. Florence Sewing
Machine Co., .54 N. Y. 221.
«3 Black V. CarroUton R. R., 10 La.
Ann. 33, 63 Am. Dec. 586; Mortimer v.
Thomas, 23 La. Ann. 165; Haselmeyer
V. McLellan, 24 La. Ann. 629; Cointe-
ment v. Cropper, 41 La. Ann. 303.
6* Central R. R. v. Crosby, 74 Ga.
737, 58 Am. Rep. 463.
2680 EXCESSIVE OE INADEQUATE DAMAGES § 1331
But in Texas this power of reducing the verdict by the action
of the court has been hmited to those cases where the measure
of damages is matter of law, upon the ground *^ that in other
cases the court has no right to substitute its opinion for that of
the jury.
In Tennessee, in the case of Vaulx v. Herman,®' the trial
court was dissatisfied with the verdict; but upon the plaintiff
remitting part of it, refused to set the verdict aside. This was
held upon appeal to have been error; for the trial court, if dis-
satisfied with the verdict, should set it aside. This would seem
to deny the right of the court in that State to give the plaintiff
an option between a remittitur and a new trial. In Wisconsin
the Supreme Court, in case of an excessive verdict, grants a
new trial, no right of remittitur being recognized in that court;
but the court indicates what amount of damages would not be
thought excessive.'^
The form of the remittitur is, that the verdict will be set aside
and a new trial granted unless within a time limited the plain-
tiff' fiieS' in' court his remission of all the verdict except the
amount riamed. If the plaintiff fails to file his remission within
the time named, the verdict is set aside; ^ while if the plaintiff
does file his remission it is a voluntary act, and he cannot
thereafter ask for judgment on the original verdict.®*
§ 1331. When a remittitur will be entered.
While the granting of a remittitur lies entirely within the dis-
cretion of the com-t, this discretion will usually be exercised in
accordance with reason and precedent; and an examination of
the cases in which it has been and had not been ordered is
profitable. On principle the court should in no case grant the
remittitur as of course; for the prejudice and passion of the jury
may well have entered into the finding upon other issues be-
sides the amount of damages.™ The court should be well satis-
«5 Thomas v. Womack, 13 Tex. 580. 38, 10.5 Pac. 144 (no further time can
«^ 8 Lea, 687. be given by the Supreme Court).
«' Goodno V. Oshkosh, 28 Wis. 300; «' Colorado: Colorado City v. Liafe,
Patten v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 32 28 Colo. 468, 65 Pac. 630.
Wis. 524. Florida: Pensacola Gas Co. v. Pebley,
«8 Winningham v. Philbrick, 56 Wash. 25 Fla. 381, 5 So. 593.
™ Loewenthal v. Streng, 90 111. 74.
§ 1331 WHEN A REMITTITUR WILL BE ENTERED 2681
fied with the finding of the jury upon other issues, before the
verdict is allowed to stand upon a remittitur being entered.
And in Arkansas it was held that where exemplary damages
are wrongly included, the court is incompetent to order a
remittitur. ''^ In West Virginia it is said that a remittitur will
not be ordered where the court has no bases for estimating the
exact amount of the damages.''^
Where the damages are excessive, but the excessive portion
of the verdict may easily be separated, the court wiU order the
remission of this portion, and, upon that being done, will up-
hold the verdict; " as where the verdict is so much for com-
pensatory and so much for exemplary damages, and exemplary
damages are not permissible,'* or the verdict is excessive only
because it exceeds the amount claimed.'^ And where the excess
is due to an error in calculation which is discoverable by the
court, the error may be corrected by a remittitur.''^
On the other hand, if the verdict is excessive because of bias,
passion, or prejudice, the error taints the whole verdict, and a
new trial should be granted without remittitur; " or if there is no
way of estimating the excess, as where exemplary damages
were wrongly included with compensatory,'* or an erroneous
conception of the law acted upon by the jury.'' But where
" St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v. Hall, 53 Texas: Lewter v. Lindley (Tex. Civ.
Ark. 7, 13 S. W. 138. App.), 121 S. W. 178.
" Unfried v. Baltimore & O. R. R., 34 " Colorado: F. M. Davis I. W. Co. v.
W. Va. 260, 12 S. E. 512. White, 31 Colo. 82, 71 Pac. 384.
" Georgia: City & S. Ry. v. Brauss, 70 Georgia: Savannah, F. & W. Ry. v.
Ga. 368. Harper, 70 Ga. 119.
Iowa: Callanan v. Shaw, 24 la. 441. Iowa: Welsh v. Tri-City Ry., 148 la.
Nebraska: Brown v. Drake, 28 Neb. 200, 126 N. W. 1118.
695, 45 N. W. 47. Kansas: Steinbuchel v. Wright, 43
" Utah: Rugg v. Tolman, 117 Pac. Kan. 307, 23 Pao. 560; Drumm v. Cess-
54. nun, 68 Kan. 331, 49 Pac. 78.
Wisconsin: Stone v. Chicago, S. P. M. Minnesota: Mastellar v. Great North-
& O. Ry., 88 Wis. 98, 59 N. W. 457. ern Ry., 100 Mmn. 236, 110 N. W.
" Geisberg v. Mutual B. & L. Assoc. 869.
(Tex. Civ. App.), 60 S. W. 478. ™ Illincds: Chicago U. T. Co. v.
'8 Montana: Lewis i;. Northern Pac. Lauth, 216 111. 176, 74 N. E. 738.
Ry., 36 Mont. 207, 92 Pac. 469. Mississippi: Chicago, St. L. & N. O.
New York: MuUer v. Barker (Misc.), R. R. v. Jarrett, 59 Miss. 470.
90 N. Y. Supp. 388. " United States: Jayne v. Loder, 149
Oklahoma: Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry. v. Fed. 21, 78 C. C. A. 653, 7 L. R. A.
Wehrman, 25 Okla. 147, 105 Pac. 328. (N. S.) 984.
2682 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES § 1332
the error is the simple one of grossly overestimating, in the
opinion of the court, the proper compensation for a loss which
the jury is properly directed to estimate, it is usually held
proper for the court to permit a remittitur, even if the injury
is a non-pecuniary one.^" In a few such cases, however, the
court has declined to order a remittitur, but has set the verdict
aside and ordered a new trial.*^
§ 1332. Action of appellate courts on excessive damages.
It is not every court which will interfere in a case of ex-
cessive damages. In some com-ts which sit exclusively to de-
cide points of law, the question of excessive damages is not
considered, being left entirely to the trial court. It has been
so determined in the New York Court of Appeals,*^ and in the
Supreme Courts of Illinois,*' New Hampshire,** Oregon,*^
South Carolina,** and in the Federal appellate courts.*'' In
Connecticut it was said that the Supreme Court would not
review a verdict unless all the evidence were before them.**
On the other hand, it sometimes happens that the trial court
sets aside or cuts down the verdict of a jury, and the plaintiff
thereupon takes the question to an appellate court; and that
Illinois: Jones & Adams Co. v. Missouri: Thero v. Missouri Pac.
George, 227 III. 64, 81 N. E. 4. Ry., 144 Mo. App. 161, 129 S. W.
*" California: Davis v. Southern Pac. 266.
Co., 98 Cal. 13, 32 Pac. 646. '^ Gale v. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
Florida: Pensacola Gas Co. v. Peb- 76 N. Y. 594.
ley, 25 Fla. 381, 5 So. 593. «' McCulIoch v. niinois Steel Co., 243
Kansas: Union Pac. Ry. v. Mitchell, 111. 464, 90 N. E. 664.
56 Kan. 324, 43 Pac. 244; Davis v. '* Merrill v. Perkins, 61 N. H. 262.
Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry., 81 Kan. 505, '= Nelson v. Oregon Ry. & N. Co., 13
106 Pac. 288; Rea-Patterson Mill Co. v. Ore. 141, 9 Pac. 321, 57 Am. Rep. 6;
Myrick, 10 Kan. App. 581, 63 Pac. 462 Lindsay v. Grande R. L. Co., 48 Ore.
(pecuniary damage). 430, 87 Pac. 145.
Missouri: Osbom v. Quincy, O. & K. ™ Petrie v. Columbia & G. R. R., 29
C. Ry. (Mo. App.), 129 S. W. 226. S. C. 303.
Texas: Producers' Oil Co. v. Barnes " Illinois Cent. R. R. v. Davies, 146
(Tex. Civ. App.), 120 S. W. 1023. Fed. 247, 76 C. C. A. 613; Mason C. &
»' Arizona: Southern Pac. Co. v. F. D. R. R. v. Boynton, 158 Fed. 599,
Fitchett, 9 Ariz. 128, 80 Pac. 359. 85 C. C. A. 421; Toledo, S. L. & W. R.
Indiana: Nickey v. Zonker, 22 Ind. R. v. Kountz, 168 Fed. 832, 94 C. C. A.
App. 211, 53 N. E. 478. 244.
Kansas: Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R. v. ^ Page v. Merwin, 54 Conn. 426.
Richards, 58 Kan. 344, 49 Pac. 436.
§ 1333 WHAT AMOUNT IS EXCESSIVE 2683
court may then reverse the action of the trial court and restore
the verdict of the jury on the ground that it was not excessive.*^
§ 1333. What amount is excessive.
In determining what amount is excessive the court is not
only exercising its discretion, but also passing on a question of
fact, raised in a particular case which cannot be hke any other
case subsequently presented. No decision upon what amount
of damages is excessive can therefore be an authority in any
other case. Yet it is sometimes most helpful to a court, in
deciding the question of excessiveness, to know what has been
the action of other courts in similar cases; not as establishing
a controlling rule of law, but as evidence of the common judg-
ment or opinion of courts on the subject.* A verdict largely
exceeding the average amount awarded for injuries of a like
nature and extent has been said to be excessiver'^ And in an
action in Louisiana, for the death of two children, where the
court was to estimate the proper compensation, finding that it
had previously allowed $6,000 for the death of one child of
about the same age, it allowed $12,000 for the death of the two
children.^2
For these reasons it has seemed wise to collect here a large
number of cases where the courts have passed upon the ex-
cessiveness or inadequacy of verdicts. But considering that
"the purchasing power of mon^y is less than it has been in the
past," ^^ and that any but recent cases might for that reason
and other similar reasons be misleading rather than helpful,
we have generally confined our citation of authorities to cases
recently decided.
83 Minnesota: Blume v. Scheer, 83 72 App. Div. 578, 76 N. Y. Supp. 528.
Minn. 409, 86 N. W. 446; Halness v. See McMahon v. New Orleans R. & L.
Anderson, 110 Minn. 204, 124 N. W. Co., 127 La. 544, 53 So. 857, 32 L. R. A.
830. (N. S.) 346.
New York: Scott v. Sun P. & P. " Lockwood w. Twenty-third St. Ry.,
Assoc, 74 Hun, 284, 26 N. Y. Supp. 15 Daly, 374, 7 N. Y. Supp. 663.
690. ^' Cherry v. Louisiana & A. Ry., 121
Rhode Island: Smith v. Macomber, La. 471, 46 So. 596, 17 L. R. A. (N. S.)
28 R. I. 248, 66 Atl. 570. 505.
«» Johnson v. Long Island R. R., 144 '' Monroe, J., in Dole v. New Orleans
N. Y. 719, 39 N. E. 857, 80 Hun, 306, Ry. & L. Co,, 121 La. 945, 46 So. 929,
30 N. Y. Supp. 318; Swanton v. King, 19 L. R. A. (N. S.) 623.
2684
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1334
§ 1334. Pecuniary loss.
Where the loss is pecuniary, or to property, the verdict will
not in general be regarded as excessive where the amount of it
is no greater than is justified by some evidence in the case,*^ or
is greater only by the amount of allowable interest.^^ On the
other hand, if the verdict much exceeds the highest estimate
of value by the witnesses, it will be set aside as excessive.''
The court has passed upon verdicts claimed to be ex-
cessive in many cases of ordinary trespass,^' aggravated tres-
»« Iowa: Ball v. Keokuk & N. W. Ry.,
74 la. 132, 37 N. W. 110.
Kansas: Pate v. Fitzhugh, 46 Kan.
129, 26 Pao. 452.
Minnesota: Hinton v. Eastern Ry.,
72 Minn. 339, 76 N. W. 373.
Nebraska: Buel v. Chicago, R. I. & P.
Ry., 81 Neb. 430, 116 N. W. 299.
Nevada: Paul v. Cragnaz, 25 Nev.
293, 59 Pac. 857, 60 Pao. 983.
New York: McCarten v. Flagler, 69
Hun, 134, 23 N. Y. Supp. 263; Meisch
V. Rochester El. Ry., 72 Hun, 604, 25
N. Y. Supp. 244; Hentz v. Mt. Vernon,
78 App. Div. 515, 79 N. Y. Supp. 774;
-Reisenberg v. New York City Ry.
(Misc.), 91 N. Y. Supp. 4.
North Dakota: McDonnell v. Min-
neapolis, S. P. & S. S. M. Ry., 17 N. D.
606, 118 N. W. 819.
Texas: Missouri Pac. Ry. v. Peay
(Tex. Civ. App.), 26 S. W. 768; Foley v.
Houston, B. & T. Ry. (Tex. Civ. App.),
110 S. W. 96.
Wisconsin: Dwight Bros. Paper Co.
V. Western Paper Co., 114 Wis. 414, 90
N. W. 444.
Wyoming: Chicago, B. & Q. R. R. v.
Morris, 16 Wyo. 308, 93 Pac. 664.
Where the verdict was greatly in ex-
cess of the evidence of all unprejudiced
witnesses, though no greater than the
plaintiff's estimate, the court in one
case set the verdict aside as not sup-
ported by the evidence. Turner v.
Hardin, 80 la. 691, 45 N. W. 758.
»5 Chicago, S. L. & P. R. R. v. Barnes,
2 Ind. App. 213, 28 N. E. 328.
" Georgia: Postal T. C. Co. v. Peyton,
124 Ga. 746, 52 S. E. 803, 3 L. R. A.
(N. S.) 333.
Kansas: Wichita & C. Ry. v. Gibbs,
,47 Kan. 274, 27 Pac. 991; Upcher v.
Oberlender, 50 Kan. 315, 31 Pac.
1080.
New Jersey: Thompson v. Morris C.
& B. Co., 17 N. J. L. 480.
Wisconsin: Murray v. Buell, 74 Wis.
14, 41 N. W. 1010; McNamara v. Mc-
Namara, 108 Wis. 613, 84 N. W.
901.
But see Rhode Island: Shibley v.
Gendron, 25 R. I. 519, 57 Atl. 304.
" The following verdicts have been
held not too great:
$40 for cutting a fish-net by one who
claimed exclusive right to fish; actual
damage 82. Rose v. Belyea, 1 Han.
(N. B.) 109.
$50 for occupying one-twelfth of an
acre of land for four years and a half,
the land being worth $50 per acre,
where there were no special damages.
Henderson v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry.,
83 la. 221, 48 N. W. 1029.
$150 for breaking open cellar door to
remove gas meter; no actual damage
and no aggravation. Reed v. New York
& R. Gas Co., 93 App. Div. 453, 87
N. Y. Supp. 810.
$600 for entering house, expelling
wife, removing furniture, pulling down
side of house, and opening cow pen.
Cook V. Garza, 9 Tex. 358.
The following have been held exces-
sive:
§1334
PECUNIARY LOSS
2685
pass,^* illegal seizure of property on legal process,^'' wrongful
attachment of wires,"" and other acts of trespass on, or in-
jury to, real estate;^" and the same general considera-
$300 for entering house and removing
goods worth less than $50. Donhard v.
Shirley, 56 S. W. 17, 21 Ky. L. Rep.
1653.
$300 for entering land while hunt-
ing and resisting ejection. Broughton
V. Singleton, 2 N. & McC. (S. C.)
338.
'* The following verdicts for malicious
trespass have been upheld:
$250 for digging up land on Sunday
in oppressive manner. Koenigs v.
Jung, 73 Wis. 178, 40 N. W. 801.
$325 for entering land and tearing
down wall. Zimmerman v. Bonzar
(Pa.), 16 Atl. 71.
$500 for violent and high-handed
crossing of land. Gelding v. Williams,
Dud. (S. C.) 92.
$500 for maliciously pulling down
house. Chapman v. Kincaid, 8 Humph.
(Tenn.) 160.
£500 for boisterously sporting on
land. Merest v. Harvey, 5 Taunt. 442,
1 Marsh. 139.
$3,000 for violent trespass, actual
damage $20. Johnson v. Hannahan, 3
Strob. (S. C.) 425.
$5,000 for entering and putting up
insulting handbill. Ogden v. Gibbons,
5 N. J. L. 518.
" The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$21.60 actual and $50 exemplary for
taking exempt property on execution.
Stonestreet v. Crandell, 10 Kan. App.
675, 62 Pac. 249.
$400 besides value of property for
taking exempt property. Caldwell v.
Porcher (Tex.), 17 S. W. 87.
$500 for illegal distraint for rent on
Sunday. Mayfield v. White, 1 Browne
(Pa.), 241.
$500 for breaking into house while
owner was ill to serve summona in civil
action. Foley v. Martin (Cal.), 71 Pac.
165.
$1,350 including exemplary damages
for kilUng cattle as diseased. Pearson
V. Zehr, 138 111. 48, 29 N. E. 854.
The following has been set aside:
$500 for unlawful seizure of property
worth $76. Texas Installment Co. v.
Lewis (Tex. Civ. App.), 30 S. W.
486.
™ The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$50 for attaching wires to chimney.
Bunke v. New York Tel" Co., 188 N. Y.
600, 81 N. E. 1161, affirming 110 App.
Div. 24, 97 N. Y. Supp. 66.
$280 for loss of time worth on the
evidence $240. Friedman v. Brooklyn
Heights R. R., 62 Misc. 477, 102 N. Y.
Supp. 625.
$333 for erecting poles on land and
stringing wires. Dobson v. Postal T.
C. Co., 79 S. C. 429, 60 S. E. 948.
The following was set aside:
$600 actual and exemplary for cut-
ting eight feet from top of ornamental
shade trees. Cumberland T. & T.
Co. V. Cassedy, 78 Miss. 666, 29 So.
762.
'" The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$10 for collecting surface water in
front of plaintiff's premises. Howard
V. Lamoni, 124 la. 348, 100 N. W. 62.
$250 for injury lessening yearly rent-
al $100. Smith V. Felt, 50 Barb. (N. Y.)
612.
$250 for obstructing highway for
two hours. Tutwiler C. C. & I. Co. v.
Nail, 141 Ala. 374, 37 So. 634.
$300 for destroying roof, well and
cistern and breaking fences, sidewalk,
window glass and porches. Sanitary
Dist. of Chicago v. Kompare, 135 111.
App. 312.
2686
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1335
tions apply to actions brought for other miscellaneous pecuniary
injuries.^"^
§ 1335. Defamation.
The jury is always allowed a wide range in finding damages
for defamation. Actual malice, long-continued defamation,
and other circumstances justifying exemplary damages will
support a large verdict; '"' and for imputations against a
woman's chastity liberal verdicts have been allowed to stand. ^"^
'"' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$40,000 actual and $10,000 exem-
plary damages for malicious state-
ments to customers, injuring business.
American F. L. M. Co. v. Brown, 54
Tex. Civ. App. 448, 118 S. W.
1106.
$45,000, where there had been long-
continued persecution. Smith v. Times
Co., 4 Pa. Dist. Ct. 399.
$25,000, where there was gross ag-
gravation. Young V. Fox, 49 N. Y.
Supp. 634.
$5,000 for wanton publication im-
puting swindle in newspaper of large
circulation. Hartman v. Morning Jour-
nal Assoc, 19 N. Y. Supp. 398.
$3,000 for malicious publication im-
puting adultery. Grace v. McArthur,
76 Wis. 641, 45 N. W. 518.
$2,000 for malicious blacklisting.
Missouri Pac. Ry. v. Behee, 2 Tex. Civ.
App. 107, 21 S. W. 384.
The following verdicts have been re-
duced or set aside:
$2,000 for wanton transmission of
libellous and insulting message reduced
to $1,000. Peterson v. Western U. T.
Co., 75 Minn. 368, 77 N. W. 985.
$5,200 for same libel set aside.
Peterson v. Western U. T. Co., 65
Minn. 18, 67 N. W. 646.
$40,000 for malicious charges against
magistrate reduced to $25,000. Crane
V. Bennett, 77 App. Div. 102, 79 N. Y.
Supp. 66.
'»■■ The following verdicts have been
upheld :
$675 for nuisance by flooding with
sewage, causing illness. Houston v.
Bryan, 2 Tex. Civ. App. 553, 22 S. W.
231.
The following has been set aside:
$400 for obstructing right of way
causing slight damage. Schaaf v. Penn-
sylvania R. R., 77 N. J. L. 115, 71 Atl.
114.
M2 The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$200 for failure to construct farm
crossings, causing inconvenience. Van
Jellico Min. Co. v. Rollins, 108 S. W.
235, 32 Ky. L. Rep. 1190.
$2,500 for failure to restore a high-
way, necessitating use of a road 1}4
miles longer. Post v. West Shore Ry.,
123 N. Y. 580, 26 N. E. 7.
$5,000 for slander of title, causing
business to fall off and loss of sale of
lease and goodwill for $3,700. Hop-
kins V. Downe, 21 R. I. 20, 41 Atl.
567.
The following have been set aside:
$127.50 for breach of contract to
operate sight-seeing cars, being maxi-
mum loss if car was full each trip.
Zabinsko v. Bedford Garage, 134
App. Div. 318, 118 N. Y. Supp.
959.
$483.50 for keeping out of possession
of household goods for a short time.
Margolith v. McDonald, 62 S. W. 1026,
23 Ky. L. Rep. 248.
$1,560, damage to land not taken by
railway, no special damage shown. St.
Louis & I. B. Ry. v. Barnsback, 234
111. 344, 84 N. E. 931.
§1335
DEFAMATION
2687
A charge of crime, especially if followed by actual prosecution
as a consequence, will support a finding of heavy damages. ^"^
And defamation affecting business or otherwise injuring the
plaintiff is liberally compensated.^"^
$500 for imputing unchastity. Flan-
nigan v. Stauss, 131 Wis. 94, 111 N. W.
216.
$800 for slander by wealthy man.
Fuller V. Fenner, 16 Barb. 333.
$800 for slander against married
woman. Emerson v. Miller, 115 la.
315, 88 N. W. 803.
$887.66 for malicious slander against
recently married woman of 16. Ray-
nolds V. Vinier, 125 App. Div. 18, 109
N. Y. Supp. 293.
$1,000 for imputing criminal inter-
course with negro. . Smittey v. Pinch,
148 Mich. 670, 112 N. W. 868.
$2,485.50 for charging plaintiff with
keeping company with negro. Luft v.
Lingane, 17 R. I. 420, 22 Atl. 942.
$2,500 for charge of keeping dis-
orderly house. Wendt v. Craig, 17
N. Y. Supp. 748.
$3,500 for malicious charge of long-
continued unchastity with defendant.
Bloomfield v. Piim, 84 Neb. 472, 121
N. W. 716.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$3,000, mitigating facts, reduced to
$2,000. Brooks v. Dutcher, 22 Neb.
644, 36 N. W. 128; Bailey v. Kling
(Neb.), 130 N. W. 439.
$7,000 reduced to $1,700. Riker v.
Clopton, 83 App. Div. 310, 82 N. Y.
Supp. 65.
116 The following verdicts have been
^upheld:
$200 for charge of theft. DaUin v.
Mayer, 122 App. Div. 676, 107 N. Y.
Supp. 316.
$437.50 for charge of theft. San-
born V. Fickett, 91 Me. 364, 40 Atl. 66.
$450 for charge of counterfeiting.
Pellardis v. Journal Printing Co., 99
Wis. 156, 74 N. W. 99.
$500 for charge of rape. Oilman v,
McClatchy, 111 Cal. 606, 44 Pac. 241.
$500 for charge of theft. Fatjo v.
Seidel, 109 La. 699, 33 So. 737.
$500 for charge of burglary followed
by prosecution and arrest. Plummer v.
Johnson, 70 Wis. 131, 35 N. W. 334.
$1,458, where prosecution followed
and cost $700. Provident S. L. A. Soc.
V. Johnson, 99 S. W. 1159, 30 Ky. L.
Rep. 1031.
$1,500 for charge of theft. S. M.
Burgess & Co. v. Patterson, 106 S. W.
837, 32 Ky. L. Rep. 624.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$1,000 for charge of theft withdrawn
in few minutes; reduced to $500.
Townsley v. Yeutsch (Ark.), 135 S. W.
882.
$5,000, charge of embezzlement, no
circumstances of aggravation. Turton
V. New York Recorder Co., 22 N. Y.
Supp. 766.
'™ The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$50 for calling a "cultured" gentle-
man a "colored" gentlemen. Upton v.
Times-Democrat Pub. Co., 104 La.
141, 28 So. 970.
$300 for charging butcher with selling
diseased pork. Mowry v. Raabe, 89
Cal. 606, 27 Pac. 157.
$750 foT slander in presence of nu-
merous people. Childs ». Childs, 49
Wash. 27, 94 Pac. 660.
$1,500 for distributing circulars call-
ing plaintiff a liar. Turner v. Stevens,
8 Utah, 75, 30 Pac. 24.
$3,000 (reduced from verdict of
$7,500) for libel against business char-
acter. Hines v. Shumaker, 95 Miss.
477, 52 So. 705.
$3,500 for charging undertaker with
2688
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1336
§ 1336. False imprisonment.
Damages for false imprisonment have not taken a very wide
range, except in a few unusual cases. The largest damages
allowed to stand on a first trial have been for an imprisonment
which involved peculiar defamation, as in an insane asylum
or a reformatory for women. '^"^ In a Kentucky case, Schneider
intoxicatioii at funeral of General
Grant. Holmes ti. Jones, 69 Hun, 346,
23 N. Y. Supp. 631.
$5,000 for charging political corrup-
tion. Meriwether v. Publishers : George
Knapp & Co., 120 Mo. App. 354, 97
S. W. 257.
15,000 for serious charge of fraud.
Jacquelin v. Morning Journal Assoc,
57 N. Y. Supp. 299.
$7,000 for charge of poUtical corrup-
tion against judge. Lauder v. Jones, 13
N. D. 525, 101 N. W. 907.
The following have been set aside:
$8,000 for charge of selling impure
lead. Butterworth v. Todd, 76 N. J. L.
317, 70 Atl. 139.
$5,000 for charge of dishonesty in
profession. Dennis v. Johnson, 42
Minn. 301, 44 N. W. 68.
$4,600 for political corruption.
Evening Post Co. v. Rhea, 81 S. W.
273, 26 Ky. L. Rep. 375.
$1,000 for charging school teacher
with incompetence, reduced to $300.
Sherwood v. Kyle, 125 Gal. 652, 58 Pac.
270.
"' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$100, imprisonment 13 days, cost of
discharge $23. Jacques d. Parks, 96
Me. 268, 52 Atl. 763.
$250, arrest for illegal voting.
Thomas v. Henderson, 125 La. 292, 51
So. 202.
$250, detained in office 45 minutes,
became sick from shock and disgrace.
Kroeger v. Passmore, 36 Mont. 504, 93
Pac. 805, 14 L. R. A. (N. S.) 988.
$250, jail for two days, expenses $40.
Brosde v. Sanderson, 86 Wis. 368, 57
N. W. 49.
$350 and $450, jail for 2}^ hours.
Bauman ». Lamont, 82 Minn. 477, 85
N. W. 236.
$500 (reduced from $876), short de-
tention caused by honest mistake.
Dunlevy v. Wolferman, 106 Mo. App.
46, 79 S. W. 1165.
$500, arrest for evading fare, son ar-
rested at same time had recovered six
cents. Toomey v. Delaware, L. & W.
R. R., 4 Misc. 392, 24 N. Y. Supp. 108.
$600 for imprisonment in ball park
one hour, no special damage. Tolcott
V. National Exhibition Co., 144 App.
Div. 337, 128 N. Y. Supp. 1059.
$800, public arrest. Scott v. Com.,
93 S. W. 668, 29 Ky. L. Rep. 671.
$800, jail 2 J^ hours. Judson «. Rear-
don, 16 Mmn. 387.
$1,000, jaU for some time, illness re-
sulted, exemplary damages. Wheeler
& W. M. Co. V. Boyce, 36 Kan. 350, 13
Pac. 609, 59 Am. Rep. 571.
$1,000, pubUcly searched, health im-
paired. Illinois Cent. R. R. v. Wilson,
103 S. W. 364, 31 Ky. L. Rep. 789.
$1,000, imprisonment 1}^ hours.
Thorp V. Carvalho, 36 N. Y. Supp. 1.
$1,000, public arrest, imprisonment
till released on habeas corpus. Bollon v.
Vellines, 94 Va. 393, 26 S. E. 847, 64
Am. St. Rep. 737.
$1,200, publicly searched. Efroym-
son V. Smith, 29 Ind. App. 451, 63 N. E.
328.
$1,271, detained three days in de-
tective agency. Pinkerton v. Snydor,
87 111. App. 76.
$1,500, imprisonment in an insane
asylum. "A sad, silent and fragile
little lady, now beyond middle hfe,
wrongfully declared a lunatic, and that
§1337
MALICIOUS PROSECUTION
2689
V. McGilV* an election officer was illegally arrested, was kept
in custody three hours, and suffered no unusual indignity and
no violence. A verdict of $4,000 was held excessive.
§ 1337. Malicious prosecution.
In actions for malicious prosecution larger verdicts have
been given and allowed to stand than in actions for false im-
prisonment.'"' In a case in Illinois Mexican Central Railway
of the most repulsive style, shut up in
a madhouse, under the circumstances
disclosed, and with a stigma branded
upon her name and character, . . .
with endurance of such shame, hu-
miliation, and crucifixion of soul, as
happily does not often fall to a
woman's lot." Bacon v. Bacon, 76
Miss. 458, 24 So. 968.
$2,500 for imprisonment seven years
in charitable institution for ref onnation
of women and giris. Gallon v. House of
Good Shepherd, 158 Mich. 361, 122
N. W. 631.
$2,500, against officer who wantonly
made false charge, verdict restored by
Supreme Court after being cut down
to $200 by trial court. Smith v. Ma-
comber, 28 R. I. 248, 66 Atl. 570.
$3,000, third verdict. Union Depot
& R. R. V. Smith, 16 Colo. 361, 27 Pac.
329.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$4,000, imprisonment three hours, no
aggravation. Schneider v. McGill, 64
S. W. 835, 23 Ky. L. Rep. 587.
$750, taken to poUce station and
searched, no exemplary damages.
Staples V. Schmid, 18 R. I. 224, 26
Atl. 193.
$550, arrest for evading fare, no ac-
tual damage, circumstances of mitiga-
tion, reduced to $10. Palmer v. Maine
Cent. R. R., 92 Me. 399, 42 Atl. 800,
69 Am. St. Rep. 513, 44 L. R. A.
673.
$500, no humiUation or expense,
short imprisonment. Miller v. Ash-
169
craft, 98 Ky. 314, 32 S. W. 1085, 17 Ky.
L. Rep. 894.
$400, formal arrest for non-payment
taxes, paid at once; judges respectively
mentioned $50, $100 and $250 as limit.
Fanjoy v. Portland, 29 N. B. 24.
$288, refused to give bonds, asked
to be locked up, on reaching jail re-
leased; reduced to $100. Yost o.
Tracy, 13 Utah, 431, 45 Pac. 346.
1K8 23 Ky. L. Rep. 587, 64 S. W. 835.
"' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$70, ten days in jail. Peterson v.
Toner, 80 Mich. 350, 45 N. W. 346.
$300, no special damages. Weil v.
Israel, 42 La. Ann. 955, 964, 8 So. 826.
$400, prosecution for larceny of
worthless fence. Haas v. Powers, 130
Wis. 406, 110 N. W. 205.
$450, prosecution for theft of valise.
Orefice v. Savarese, 113 N. Y. Supp.
175.
$500, prosecution for stealing horse.
Stephens v. Gravit, 136 Ky. 479, 124
S. W. 414.
$500, prosecution to force payment
of debt. Morgan v. Duffy, 94 Tenn.
686, 30 S. W. 735.
$550 though not committed to jail.
Martin v. Corscadden, 34 Mont. 308,
86 Pac. 33.
$600, no serious inconvenience or ex-
pense, exemplary damages. Henderson
V. McGuder (Ind. App.), 94 N. E. 580.
$600, imprisoned less than one hour,
greatly humiliated. Charlton v. Mark-
land, 36 Wash. 40, 78 Pac. 132.
$780, jail three hours, temporary loss
2690
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1337
V. Gehr "" the defendant railway was sued for malicious prose-
cution and resulting imprisonment in Mexico. Plaintiff was an
officer of the company, and was arrested for embezzlement,
kept in a Mexican jail for two months, when he was dis-
charged without a trial. The jail was uncomfortable. The
plaintiff was a man of excellent family and social connections,
fine personal character, and presumably of fine sensibiUties.
A verdict of $40,000 was allowed to stand.
of position, some expense. Fiola v. Mc-
Donald, 85 Minn. 147, 88 N. W. 431.
$800 exemplary damages. Merchant
V. Piekle, 10 N. D. 48, 84 N. W. 574.
$1,000, confined in cell four hours.
Scholl V. Schnebel, 8 N. Y. Supp. 865.
81,000, illness, small expense. Neya
V. Taylor, 12 S. D. 488, 81 N. W. 901.
81,000 exemplary damages. Eggett
V. Allen, 119 Wis. 625, 96 N. W. 803.
81,500, two public arrests and other
indignities. Rule v. McGregor, 115 la.
323, 88 N. W. 814.
$2,000, jail over night, no injury
to reputation. Finigan o. Sullivan
(Wash.), 118 Pac. 888.
$2,500 exemplary damages, injury
to reputation and business. Spencer v.
Cramblett, 56 Kan. 794, 44 Pac. 985.
86,500. Evansville & T. H. R. R. v.
Talbot, 131 Ind. 221, 29 N. E. 1134.
87,500, few hours in jail, attended
court two or three times. National
Surety Co. v. Mabry, 139 Ala. 217, 35
So. 698.
$12,500, prosecution for arson to de-
fraud insurance company. Carp v.
Queen Ins. Co., 203 Mo. 295, 101 S. W.
78.
825,000, prosecution of man fifty-five
years old, salary 84,500 per year, cost
of defense 85,000. Rawson v. Leggett,
97 App. Div. 416, 90 N. Y. Supp. 5.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
820,000, former verdict 840,000 set
aside, no exemplary damages. Bell v.
Atlantic C. R. R., 58 N. J. L. 227, 33
Atl. 211.
$6,000 reduced from 88,000, imprison-
ment twenty-four days. Fadner v.
Filer, 27 111. App. 506.
$4,500, no imprisonment, plaintiff, an
ignorant negro, released on bond, case
thrown out by grand jury. Wright v.
Hagerman, 42 S. W. 917, 19 Ky. L.
Rep. 1032.
$4,000, no exemplary damages, for-
mer verdict 82,800 set aside. Davis v.
McMillan, 142 Mich. 391, 105 N. W.
862, 3 L. R. A. (N. S.) 928.
$3,500, in custody one hour, dis-
charged on appearance in court, ex-
pense 850; reduced to 81,000. Bill-
ingsley v. Maas, 93 Wis. 176, 67 N. W.
49.
$3,000, expenses $150, short arrest,
man of bad character. Davis v Seeley,
91 la. 583, 60 N. W. 183.
$2,500, only technical arrest.
O'Boyle v. Shively, 65 111. App. 278.
$2,000, evading fare, no special or ex-
emplary damages; reduced to 81,000.
Ruth V. St. Louis Transit Co., 98 Mo.
App. 1, 71 S. W. 1055.
81,000, no exemplary damages. Cart-
wright V. Elliott, 45 111. App. 458.
$1,000, released on bail, attended
court three days ; 8500 suflicient . Coin-
tenent v. Cropper, 41 La. Ann. 303, 6
So. 127.
81,000 reduced to .$400. Bell v.
Morse, 48 Kan. 601, 29 Pac. 1086.
8500, four days' imprisonment, time
and expenses $20, no special damages.
Sasae v. Rogers, 40 Ind. App. 197, 81
N. E. 590.
"« 66 III. App. 173.
§§ 1338, 1339 BEEACH OF PROMISE OF MARRIAGE
2691
§ 1338. Alienation of affections.
In actions for alienation of affections much depends on the
pecuniary and other circumstances of the parties, and a wide
range is to be expected in the size of verdicts. For aUenation
of the affections of a husband, the loss of society and support
is a large element."" For ahenation of the affections of a wife,
usually accompanied by seduction, the affection of the husband
and the wealth of the seducer may justify large verdicts; "^
while evidence of lack of affection or condonation by husband
will prevent the allowance of heavy damages."'
§ 1339. Breach of promise of marriage.
Damages for breach of promise of marriage depend largely
on the wealth of the defendant and upon the fact of seduction,
and a large range of damages is therefore to be expected."*
"' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$1,750. Wilson v. Coulter, 29 App.
Div. 85, 90, 51 N. Y. Supp. 804.
$3,000. White v. White, 101 Minn.
451, 112 N. W. 627.
$5,000. Nichols v. Nichols, 147 Mo.
387, 401, 48 S. W. 947.
$5,000, actual and $1,500 exemplary.
White V. White, 140 Wis. 538, 122
N. W. 1051.
$7,600. Cochran v. Cochran, 127
App. Div. 319, 111 N. Y. Supp. 588.
$15,000. Lockwood v. Lockwood, 67
Minn. 476, 70 N. W. 784.
The following have been set aside:
$30,000. Sivley v. Sivley, 96 Miss.
137, 51 So. 457.
$7,000 reduced to $2,000. Heisler v.
Heisler, 151 la. 503, 127 N. W. 823.
$2,000, wife did not desire husband's
affection. Van Olinda v. Hall, 88 Hun,
452, 34 N. Y. Supp. 777.
"2 The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$15,000. Speck v. Gray, 14 Wash.
589, 45 Pac. 143.
$15,000, reduced by trial court to
$10,000. Fuller v. Robinson, 230 Mo.
22, 130 S. W. 343,
$5,250. Hartpence v. Rodgers, 143
Mo. 623, 45 S. W. 650.
'1' The following verdicts have been
set aside as excessive:
$5,000, husband had connived, and
had been sent to jail for setting wife on
hot stove. Peek v. Taylor, 17 Ky. L.
Rep. 1312, 34 S. W. 705.
$5,000, second verdict, lack of affec-
tion shown. Bathke v. Krassin, 78
Minn. 272, 80 N. W. 950.
1'* The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$1,500, restoring verdict reduced by
trial court to $500, seduction, defend-
ant worth $3,000. Halness v. Anderson,
110 Minn. 204, 124 N. W. 830.
$5,000. Kerns v. Hagenbuchle, 17
N. Y. Supp. 367.
$8,000, seduction, defendant worth
$16,000. Lanigan v. Neely, 4 Cal. App.
760, 89 Pac. 441.
$8,000, engagement of fourteen years,
seduction. Hanson v. Johnson, 41
Wis. 560, 124 N. W. 506. .
$16,000, seduction, defendant worth
$60,000 to $75,000. Geiger v. Payne,
102 la. 681, 69 N. W. 554.
The following has been set aside:
$3,500, short engagement, no aggra-
2692
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES §§ 1340, 1341
§ 1340. Seduction.
Large ||amages have been upheld for the seduction of plain-
tiff's wife "^ or daughter; '" but even larger damages have
been allowed where a woman sued under a statute for her own
seduction.^"
§ 1341. Telegraph companies.
In jurisdictions where recovery is allowed for mental suffer-
ing for delay in deUvering telegrams, or for non-deUvery, many
cases have been presented for determining the excessiveness of
damages. A frequent cause of action has arisen from delay in
messages announcing ilhiess or death, so that the plaintiff was
unable to arrive at the bedside of a relative before uncon-
sciousness or death,"* or was unable to be present at the
funeral of a relative. The recovery in the latter case seems to
vation, defendant worth $6,000. Kel-
lett V. Robie, 99 Wis. 303, 74 N. W. 781.
'1' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$3,000. Smith v. Meyers, 52 Neb.
70, 71 N. W. 1006.
$4,275. Dorman v. Sebree, 21 Ky. L.
Rep. 634, 52 S. W. 809.
"" The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$1,200. Thiebault v. Prendergast
(R. I.), 69 Atl. 922.
$3,000. Riddle v. McGinnis, 22
W. Va. 253.
$3,500. Kerns v. Hagenbuchle, 17
N. Y. Supp. 369.
"' $25,000 not excessive. Marshall
V. Taylor, 98 Cal. 55, 32 Pac. 867, 35
Am. St. Rep. 14.
11' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$300. Western U. T. Co. v. Gillis, 97
Ark. 226, 133 S. W. 833.
$500. Western U. T. Co. u. Cleve-
land, 169 Ala. 131, 53 So. 80.
$500. Arkansas & L. Ry. v. Stroude,
82 Ark. 117, 100 S. W. 760.
$955.50. Western U. T. Co. v. Price,
137 Ky. 758, 126 S. W. 1100, 29 L. R.
A. (N. S.) 836.
$1,000. Western U. T. Co. v. Black-
mer, 82 Ark. 526, 102 S. W. 366.
$1,150. Western U. T. Co. v. Ben-
nett (Tex. Civ. App.), 124 S. W. 151.
$1,200. Western U. T. Co. v. Cobb
(Tex. Qv. App.), 118 S. W. 717.
$1,950. Western U. T. Co. v. Zane, 6
Tex. Civ. App. 585, 25 S. W. 722.
$1,995. Western U. T. Co. v. Sloss,
45 Tex. Civ. App. 153, 100 S. W. 354.
$2,000. Western U. T. Co. v. Hough-
ton (Tex. Civ. App.), 26 S. W. 448.
$2,150. Western U. T. Co. v. Finer,
9 Tex. Civ. App. 152, 29 S. W. 66.
$2,500. Western U. T. Co. v. Evans,
5 Tex. Civ. App. 55, 23 S. W. 998.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$5,000. Western U. T. Co. v. Evans,
1 Tex. Civ. App. 297, 21 S. W. 266.
$4,750. Western U. T. Co. v. Finer,
1 Tex. Civ. App. 301, 21 S. W. 315.
$1,250, could not have arrived before
father became unconscious, reduced to
$500. Western U. T. Co. v. Bouchell,
28 Tex. Civ. App. 23, 67 S. W. 159.
$900, delay of several days, but
reached bedside thirty-six hours before
death. Newport N. & M. V. R. R. v.
Griffin, 92 Tenn. 694, 22 S. W. 737.
§1342
CARBIERS
2693
have been graduated according to the relationship."" In other
cases also the excessiveness of damages allowed against a tele-
graph company has been brought in question.""
§ 1342. Carriers.
For any misuse of a passenger by a carrier the damages are
partly non-pecuniary, leaving the assessment to the judgment
of a jury; and the question of excessiveness is often presented.
Thus the court has had to pass upon the damages in cases
where a carrier failed to stop to take on a passenger,"^ or failed
to stop the conveyance and leave him at his destination, thus
'" The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$400.25 (brother). Western U. T.
Co. V. Bell, 48 Tex. Civ. App. 359, 106
S. W. 1147.
$500 (brother). Western U. T. Co. !).
Hill (Tex. Civ. App.), 26 S. W. 252.
8700 (brother). Western U. T. Co.
V. Thompson, 18 Tex. Civ. App. 279, 44
S. W. 402.
$1,000 (wife). Western U. T. Co. v.
Fuel, 165 Ala. 391, 51 So. 571.
81,000 (brother). Western U. T.
Co. V. Caldwell, 126 Ky. 42, 102 S. W.
840, 31 Ky. L. Rep. 497, 12 L. R. A.
(N. S.) 748.
81,350 (father). Western U. T. Co.
V. McDavid (Tex. Qv. App.), 121 S. W.
893.
82,000 (mother). Western U. T. Co.
V. Hardison (Tex. Civ. App.), 101 S. W.
541.
The following were set aside:
$1,354 (brother). Western U. T. Co.
V. Weniski,84 Ark. 457, 106 S. W. 486.
8750 (son), could not have arrived
till after decomposition set in; reduced
to $350. Western U. T. Co. v. Rhine,
90 Ark. 57, 117 S. W. 1069.
"» The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$100, plaintiff not met on arrival at
station, suffered inconvenience. West-
em U. T. Co. V. Karr, 5 Tex. Civ. App.
60, 24 S. W. 302.
$450, plaintiff told both parents dead
instead of only one. Western TJ. T. Co.
t;. Taylor, 122S. W. 131.
$750, plaintiff traveling with body of
deceased child not met on arrival at
station. Western U. T. Co. v. Giffin, 27
Tex. Civ. App. 306, 65 S. W. 661.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$1,999.99 for delay in getting physi-
cian for sick child. Western U. T. Co.
V. Berdine, 2 Tex. Civ. App. 577, 21
S. W. 982.
$1,000 for delaying information of
mother's condition; reduced to $500.
Western U. T. Co. v. Hiller, 93 Miss.
658, 47 So. 377.
$345 for causing necessity of hack
ride for 20 miles. Western U. T. Co. v.
Collins, 156 Ala. 333, 47 So. 61.
^'^ The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$100, plaintiff forced to walk home,
took all night. Indiana U. T. Co. v.
Heller, 44 Ind. App. 385, 89 N. E. 419.
8250, physician on way to see pa-
tients. Southern Ry. v. Wallis, 133 Ga.
553, 66 S. E. 370, 30 L. R. A. (N. S.)
401.
The following have been set aside as
excessive:
81,500, no special damages, exem-
plary damages allowed. Memphis &
C. R. R. V. Green, 52 Miss. 779.
$1,000, caught in rain and became
sick. Bums v. Alabama & V. R. R., 93
Miss. 186, 47 So. 640.
2694
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1342
compelling him to return from the place where he was left,i^^
or where it failed to carry him through to his destination. ^^^
For wrongful expulsion of a passenger the damages may be af-
fected by the humiliating circumstances of the expulsion, i^'* the
insulting or violent language or conduct of the.conductor,^^^ or
"' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
875, carried two miles, exposure and
illness. St. Louis, I. M. & S. R. R. v.
Knight, 81 Ark. 429, 99 S. W. 684.
$150, including exemplary damages.
Birmingham R. L. & P. Co. v. Nolan,
134 Ala. 329, 32 So. 715.
$500, including exemplary damages,
carried three-fourths mile beyond sta^-
tion at night in rain. Eiggins v. Louis-
ville & N. R. R., 64 Miss. 80, 8 So. 176.
$1,000, where passenger was injured
while waUdng back. Winkler v. St.
Louis, I. M. & S. R. R., 21 Mo. App. 99.
$1,000, including exemplary dam-
ages, conductor used profane and in-
sulting language. Fordyce v. Nix, 58
Ark. 136, 23 S. W. 967.
$1,500, exposure caused illness. St.
Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v. Day, 86 Ark.
104, 110 S. W. 220.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$1,750, insulted, walked half mile,
made nervous. North Alabama Trac.
Co. V. Daniel, 158 Ala. 414, 48 So. 50.
$1,000, walked back at night over
trestle and was frightened; reduced to
$500. Texas & P. Ry. v. Mansell (Tex.
Civ. App.), 23 S. W. 549.
$300, no special damages. Southern
R. R. V. Bryant, 105 Ga. 316, 31 S. E.
182.
"a $210, upheld, dark night, walk of
several miles. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v.
Sain (Tex. Qv. App.), 24 S. W. 958.
$300, excessive, reduced to $200.
Moss ». Missouri Pac. Ry., 128 Mo.
App. 385, 107 S. W. 422.
"* The following verdicts have been
upheld where there were circumstances
of humiliation:
$60. Dalton v. Beers, 38 Conn. 529.
$200, where walked six miles in rain.
Fordyce v. Manuel, 82 Tex. 527, 18
S. W. 657.
$250, boy of thirteen, only thirty
yards from starting point. St. Louis
S. W. R. R. V. Furlow, 81 Ark. 496, 99
S. W. 689.
$500. Cagney ». Manhattan R. R., 2
N. Y. Supp. 410.
$500, Houston & T. C. R. R. v. Lee
(Tex. av. App.), 123 S. W. 154.
$650, walked five miles. Chamber-
lain ». Lake Shore & M. S. R. R., 122
Mich. 477, 81 N. W. 339.
The following verdicts have been held
excessive:
$5,000. Warner v. Southern Pac.
Co., 113 Cal. 105, 45 Pac. 187, 54 Am.
St. Rep. 327.
$4,000. Elser v. Southern Pac. Co.,
7 Cal. App. 493, 94 Pac. 852.
$1,900; reduced to $500. Willson v.
Northern Pac. R. R., 5 Wash. 621, 32
Pac. 468.
$1,400, expulsion of woman causing
great nervous suffering ; reduced to $400.
Sloane v. Southern California R. R., Ill
Cal. 668, 44 Pac. 320, 32 L. R. A. 193.
$900, expulsion from I^illman car.
Pullman Co. v. Custer (Tex. Civ.
App.), 140 S. W. 847.
$500. Camden I. Ry. v. Frazier, 97
S. W. 776, 30 Ky. L. Rep. 186.
$390. Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R. t;.
Hogue, 50 Kan. 40, 31 Pac. 698.
"^ The following verdicts were up-
held where the carrier's servants were
insulting or used unnecessary violence :
$150 reduced to $100. Brown v.
Minneapolis & S. P. S. Ry., 102 Minn.
298, 113 N. W. 895.
$299.54. Wightman v. Chicago &
§1342
CAERIERS
2695
the inconvenience of the place where the passenger is ex-
pelled; "* or by serious injuries supervening on the expulsion; *"
but if there are no circumstances of aggravation, large damages
will not be allowed, ^^ unless exemplary damages may be al-
N. R. R., 73 Wis. 169, 40 N. W. 689, 9
Am. St. Rep. 778, 2 L. R. A. 185.
$300. Southern Pac. Co. v. Craner
(Tex. Civ. App.), 101 S. W. 534.
$100 actual and $300 exemplary.
Short V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R. (Mo.),
130 S. W. 489.
$500. Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R. v.
Cuniffe (Tex. Civ. App.), 57 S. W. 692.
$1,000. Chesapeake & O. R. R. v.
Osborne, 97 Ky. 112, 30 S. W. 21, 53
Am. St. Rep. 407.
$1,250. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v.
Moore (Tex. Qv. App.), 39 S. W.
987.
$1,500, serious personal injuries, ex-
emplary damages. St. Louis, I. M. &
S. Ry. V. Mynott, 83 Ark. 6, 102 S. W.
380.
$1,500, walk of thirty miles after im-
prisonment. Trabing v. California N.
& I. Co., 133 Cal. XX, 65 Pac. 478.
$6,000, leg broken. Singleton v.
Southwestern R. R., 70 Ga. 464.
The following verdicts were held
excessive:
$2,500; reduced to $750. Mobile, J.
& K. C. R. R. V. Kranfield, 92 Miss.
494, 46 So. 71.
$1,000; reduced to $100. Missouri,
K. & T. Ry. V. Mitchell, 47 Tex. Civ.
App. 307, 105 S. W. 827.
"° The following verdicts were up-
held where inconvenience or physical
injury resulted from the expulsion:
$50. Durfee v. Union Pac. Ry., 9
Utah, 213, 33 Pac. 944.
$287. Birmingham R. L. & P. Co. !).
Turner, 154 Ala. 542, 45 So. 671.
$425. South Covington & C. S. Ry.
V. Quinn, 110 S. W. 404, 33 Ky. L. Rep.
534.
$1,500. Texas & P. R. R. v. Lynch
(Tex. Civ. App.), 73 S. W. 65.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive, in spite of resulting discomfort
or physical inj\iry:
$1,000; reduced to $100. St. Louis,
I. M. & S. Ry. V. Woodruff, 89 Ark. 9,
115 S. W. 953.
$850. Masterson v. Chicago & N.
W. R. R., 102 Wis. 571, 78 N. W. 757.
$750. Gillen v. Minneapolis, S. P. &
S. S. M. Ry., 91 Wis. 633, 65 N. W.
373.
$500; reduced to $250. Gulf, C. & S.
F. R. R. V. St. John, 13 Tex. Gv. App.
257, 35 S. W. 501.
$250. McLean w. Chicago, S. P. M.&
O. Ry., 50 Minn. 485, 52 N. W. 966.
$200. Howe V. Gibson, 3 Tex. Civ.
App. 263, 22 S. W. 826.
I*' Where the expulsion caused se-
rious physical injury the following ver-
dicts have been upheld:
$2,500. Flavin v. Chicago, B. & Q.
R. R., 43 Mont. 220, 115 Pac. 667.
$10,000. Chicago U. T. Co. v.
Brethauer, 125 111. App. 204, affirmed,
223 lU. 521, 79 N. E. 287.
A verdict of $1,000 was held exces-
sive, and was reduced to $500. Shan-
non V. Northern Pac. Ry., 44 Wash.
321, 87 Pac. 351.
'^ The following verdicts have been
upheld where there were no special cir-.
cumstances of aggravation:
$150. Gileson v. Minneapolis & St.
L. R. R., 85 Minn. 329, 88 N. W.
970.
$175. Arnold v. Rhode Island Co.,
28 R. I. 118, 163, 66 Atl. 60.
$200. Chicago, St. L. & P. R. R. v.
Holdbridge, 118 Ind. 281, 20 N. E. 837.
$300. Phettiplace v. Northern Pac.
R. R., 84 Wis. 412, 54 N. W. 1092.
8500. Marlow v. Southern Pac. Co.,
151 Cal. 383, 90 Pac. 928.
2696
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1342
lowed. 1^' Large damages have also been allowed for abuse, as-
sault, or other injury to passengers by servants of the carrier ^'^
$500. Monnier v. New York Cent. &
H. R. R., 70 App. Div. 405, 75 N. Y.
Supp. 521.
84,000, former verdict for S5,000 set
aside. Peck v. New York C. & H. R.
R., 8 Hun, 286.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$1,500. Cunningham v. Seattle
Electric R. & P. Co., 3 Wash. 471, 28
Pac. 745.
$1,300. Comer v. Foley, 98 Ga. 678,
25 S. E. 671.
$1,000. Terre Haute, A & St. L. R.
R. V. Vanatta, 21 111. 188, 74 Am. Dec.
96.
$800. Olson V. Northern Pac. R. R.,
49 Wash. 626, 96 Pac. 150, 18 L. R. A.
(N. S.) 209.
$759. Brian v. Oregon S. L. R. R.,
40 Mont. 109, 105 Pac. 489.
$750, reduced by trial court from
$1,500; further reduced to $400. Gil-
len V. Minneapolis, St. P. & S. S. M.
R. R., 91 Wis. 633, 65 N. W. 373.
$500. Ijouisville & N. R. R. «.
Breckinridge, 99 Ky. 1, 34 S. W.
702.
$500. Finch v. Northern Pac. R. R.,
47 Minn. 36, 49 N. W. 329.
$400. Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. R.
R. V. Carson (Ky.), 140 S. W. 71.
$250. St. Louis, i. M. & S. Ry. v.
Woodard, 69 Ark. 659, 64 S. W.
263.
^'^ The following verdicts, including
exemplary damages, have been up-
held:
$1,325. Louisville City R. R. v.
Mercer, 11 Ky. L. Rep. 810.
$2,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Wilkinson, 15 Ky. L. Rep. 92.
The following verdict has been held
excessive :
$750. Georgia R. & B. Co v. Eskew,
86 Ga. 641, 12 S. E. 106, 22 Am. St.
Rep. 490.
"° The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$250, conductor cursed and threat-
ened woman. St. Louis S. W. Ry. v.
Granger (Tex. Civ. App.), 100 S. W.
987.
$50 actual and $450 exemplary;
brakeman knocked passenger down
and kicked him in mouth. Cathey v.
St. Louis & S. F. R. R. (Mo.), 130
S. W. 130.
$500, conductor insulted passen-
ger and struck him in face. Coor-
man v. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 127
App. Div. 315, 111 N. Y. Supp.
531.
$750, conductor cursed and threat-
ened. Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. Ry. v.
Strosnider, 121 S. W. 971.
$1,000, passenger insulted and im-
prisoned on steamboat. Ragland v.
Norfolk & Washington (D. C.) Steam-
boat Co., 163 Fed. 376.
$1,000, eyes and nose bruised.
Sweeney v. Chicago City Ry., 148 111.
App. 351.
$1,000. Missouri, K. & T. R. R. v.
Gaines, 35 Tex. Civ. App. 257, 79 S. W.
1104.
$1,000, conductor kissed passenger.
Craker v. Chicago & N. W. R. R., 36
Wis. 657, 17 Am. Rep. 504.
$2,000, driver criminally assaulted
female passenger. Beardmore ». Bar-
ton, 108 Minn. 28, 121 N. W.
228.
$2,500, negro servant insulted
woman passenger. Gulf, C. & S. F.
Ry. V. Luther, 40 Tex. Civ. App. 517,
90 S. W. 44.
$2,500, badly beaten. Birmingham
R. & E. Co. V. Baird, 130 Ala. 334, 30
So. 456.
$2,500, left hand crippled. Louis-
ville & N. R. R. V. Ray, 101 Tenn. 1, 46
S. W. 554.
$5,000, operation required. Nien-
§1342
CARRIERS
2697
or by third persons through lack of protection by the carrier's
servants,^" and for failure of the carrier to provide proper
accommodations. ^^^ Verdicts have also been considered in
actions for other injuries by a carrier to passenger."'
dorff V. Manhattan Ry., 4 App. Div.
46, 38 N. Y. Supp. 690.
In the following cases the verdicts
were held excessive:
$1,500; reduced to $1,000. Doran v.
Brooklyn & N. Y. F. Co., 19 N. Y.
Supp. 172.
$1,000, a former verdict of $7,000
having previously been set aside.
Georgia S. & F. Ry. v. Ransom, 5 Ga.
App. 740, 68 S. E. 943.
$1,000. Mitchell v. United Rys., 125
Mo. App. 1, 102 S. W. 661.
$900; reduced to $100. Texas N. 0.
R. R. V. MarshaU (Tex. Civ. App.), 140
S. W. 508.
$500; reduced to $100. Burfeindt v.
New York City Ry., 52 Misc. 651, 101
N. Y. Supp. 589.
$123. Mueller v. Chicago, B. & N.
R. R., 75 Minn. 109, 77 N. W. 566.
"1 The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$200, reduced from $300. Jansen v.
Minneapolis & S. L. R. R., 112 Minn.
496, 128 N. W. 826, 32 L. R. A. (N. S.)
1206.
$250. Lucy w. Chicago G.W.Ry., 64
Minn. 7, 65 N. W. 944, 31 L. R. A. 551.
$1,000. Richmond & D. R. R. v.
Jefferson, 89 Ga. 554, 17 L. R. A. 571,
16 S. E. 69.
$2,000. Savannah St. R. R. v.
Bryan, 86 Ga. 312, 12 S. E. 307, 22 Am.
St. Rep. 748.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$18,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
McEwan, 31 S. W. 465, 17 Ky. L. Rep.
406.
$15,000; reduced to $5,000. The
Western States, 151 Fed. 929.
$7,125. Louisville Ry. v. Welling-
ton, 126 S. W. 370, 137 Ky. 719.
$1,000; reduced to $500. Whitlock v.
Northern Pac. Ry., 69 Wash. 15, 109
Pac. 188.
"2 The following verdicts hav« been
upheld:
$700, blind man with first-class
ticket put in smoking car and made ill.
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Weathers, 163
Ala. 48, 50 So. 268.
$750 for exclusion from sleeping car.
Braum v. Webb, 32 Misc. 243, 65 N. Y.
Supp. 668.
$900 for failure to reserve berth for
sick lady. Pullman P. C. Co. v. Nelson,
22 Tex. Civ. App. 223, 64 S. W. 624.
$1,800, married woman insulted and
threatened with ejection from berth.
Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. R. R. v.
Harris, 115 Tenn. 601, 91 S. W. 211, 5
L. R. A. (N. S.) 779.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive.
$1,150, defendant suffering with
rheumatism not allowed to occupy
berth during day. Pullman P. C. Co.
V. Fowler, 6 Tex. Civ. App. 755, 27
S. W. 268.
$1,000, compelling white woman to
ride sixty miles in negro coach; reduced
to $100. Missouri, K. & T. R. R. v.
Ball, 26 Tex. Civ. App. 500, 61 S. W.
327.
$500, failure to reserve berth. Pull-
man Co. V. Pennock, 118 Tenn. 566,
102 S. W. 73.
"' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$60 for leaving passenger at inter-
mediate station. St. Louis S. W. Ry. v.
Germany (Tex. Civ. App.), 56 S. W.
586.
$600 for failure to notify woman pas-
senger to change cars. Central of Ga.
Ry. w. Ashley, 159 Ala. 145, 48 So. 981.
2698
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1343
As an example of extreme cases, a verdict of $50.00 was held
not excessive where a passenger was compelled to get off and
walk a short distance in the mud."* And where a conductor
made a vicious and unprovoked assault on a passenger with a
switch iron, giving him a long wound on the skull, a fracture of
the skull, a blood tumor on the eye, causing loss of memory,
change of disposition, and permanent injury, and exemplary
damages were recoverable for the malice, $5,000 compensatory
and $2,000 exemplary damages were held not to be exces-
sive."^
§ 1343. Other malicious torts, or wrongs causing mental
suffering.
For other malicious torts large verdicts have been allowed,
as for malicious attachment,"^ malicious eviction from prem-
ises,"' malicious discharge from employment "* or expulsion
from a beneficial order,"' or wrongful invasion of privacy.""
And damages have been considered for removing the body of a
$1,500 for misinformation about
route. Southern Ry. ». Nowlin, 156
Ala. 222, 47 So. 180.
$2,500 for delay. Southern Ry. v.
Miller, 120 S. W. 278 (Ky.).
$5,500 (reduced from $8,500) for
causing passenger on alighting to fall
through a trestle. Bumside v. Min-
neapolis & St. L. Ry., 110 Minn. 401,
125 N. W. 895.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$750 for delay; reduced to $100.
LeCIaire v. Tacoma R. & P. Co., 62
Wash. 157, 113 Pac. 268.
$640 for delay in shipping corpse.
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Hull, 113
Ky. 561, 68 S. W. 433, 57 L. R. A.
711.
"* City & S. Ry. v. Brauss, 70 Ga.
368.
"^ Neuer v. Metropolitan St. Ry.,
(Mo.), 127 S. W. 669.
"' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$996. Friedly v. Giddings, 119 Fed.
438.
$5,000. Union Mill Co. v. Prenz-
ler, 100 la. 540, 69 N. W. 876.
1" The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$200. Evertson v. Sutton, 5 Wend.
(N. Y.) 583.
$400. Wood V. Young, 20 Ky. L.
Rep. 1931, 50 S. W. 541.
$800. Walterscheid v. Crupper, 79
Kan. 627^ 100 Pae. 623.
$6,500. O'Conner v. Parrott, 22 111.
App. 429.
"« $1,200 not excessive. Gibson v.
Fidelity & Casualty Co., 232 111. 49, 83
N. E. 539, affirmmg 135 111. App.
290.
"' $500 actual and $2,500 exemplary
damages not excessive. St. Louis S. W.
Ry. V. Thompson (Tex. Civ. App.),
108 S. W. 453.
"» $1,000 not excessive. Rhodes v.
Sperry & Hutchinson Co., 120 App,
Div. 467, 104 N. Y. Supp. 1102.
§§ 1344, 1345
ASSAULT AND BATTERY
2699
child from a cemetery, "^ for expulsion from a theatre,"^ for
abandonment of an obstetrical case by physician."'
§ 1344. Exemplary damages.
Even where exemplary damages are allowed, the amount of
them is not entirely within the power of the jiu"y, and the
coiu"t will see to it that they bear some relation to the actual
damages; if the amount is 'out of all proper proportion to the
actual damages the verdict will be set aside as excessive."*
§ 1346. Assault and battery.
For intentional injury by assault and battery the circum-
stances may lead to large damages for mental suffering."^
"'■ $1,700 excessive. Bessemer L. &
I. Co. V. Jenkins, 111 Ala. 135, 18 So.
565.
1^2 $250 not excessive. WeberrStair
Co. V. Fisher, 119 S. W. 195 (Ky. L.
Rep.).
1^' $2,000 not excessive. Lathrope v.
Flood, 135 Cal. 458, 63 Pac. 1007.
i<*The following verdicts for exem-
plary damages have been held exces-
sive because out of proportion to the
actual damages:
$1,000 for trespass on premises of a
total value of little over $1,000. Cobb
V. Johnson (Tex. Civ. App.), 105 S. W.
847.
$225, actual damages $25. Texas L.
& C. Co. ». Nations (Tex. Civ. App.),
63 S. W. 915.
$800, actual damages $37. Ahrens v.
Fenton, 138 la. 559, 115 N. W. 233.
$2,344, actual damages $56. Flanary
V. Wood, 32 Tex. Civ. App. 250, 73
S. W. 1072.
$4,950, actual damages $25. Page v.
Yool, 28 Colo. 464, 65 Pac. 636.
$10,000, actual damages $200. In-
ternational & G. N. Ry. V. Telephone
& Tel. Co., 69 Tex. 277, 5 S. W. 517, 5
Am. St. Rep. 74.
The following verdicts for exemplary
damages were allowed:
$50, actual damages $35. Lister v.
CampbeU (Tex. Civ. App.), 46 S. W.
876.
$1,500, actual damages $800. Sum-
mers V. Keller, 152 Mo. App. 626, 133
S. W. 1180.
$2,500, actual damages $500. St.
Louis S. W. Ry. v. Thompson (Tex.
Civ. App.), 108 S. W. 453.
In Bentley v. Fischer L. & M. Co., 51
La. Ann. 451, 25 So. 262, exemplary
damages of $5,000 where the actual
damages were $500 were held sufficient.
"5 The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$100, wrist broken. Peterson v.
Toner, 80 Mich. 350, 45 N. W. 346.
$225. Schmitz v. Kirchan, 32 Wash.
546, 73 Pac. 678.
$300. Matthews v. Gray (Ky.), 137
S. W. 517.
$350, malicious assault by man on
boy. Fleming v. Loughren, 139 la.
517, 115 N. W. 506.
$400. Faulkner v. Davis, 38 S. W.
1049, 18 Ky. L. Rep. 1004.
$450, malicious assault by man on
boy. HoUins v. Gorham, 66 S. W. 823,
23 Ky. L. Rep. 2185.
$450 exemplary damages. August v.
Finnerty, 30 Oh. Cir. Ct. 330.
$200 actual and $300 exemplary.
McMillen v. Elder (Mo. App.), 140
S. W. 917.
2700
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1345
This is especially true in the case of indecent assault upon a
woman, "^ or in the case of illegal search of the person."^
Where the defendant, while running his saloon on Sunday in
violation of law, made an assault on the plaintiff which broke
his jaw, made it necessary to employ surgical aid, and caused
S500 exemplary damages. Coal B.
E. Ry. V. Young, 126 111. App. 651.
$500, assault of man on child. Moore
V. Sturm, 88 Neb. 793, 130 N. W. 581.
$570, aggravated case. Smith v.
Flannery, 69 Hun, 615, 23 N. Y. Supp.
201.
$900, pain, and serious injury to hip.
Williams v. Williams, 132 Mo. App.
266, 111 S. W. 837.
$1,000, including exemplary dam-
ages, defendant publicly spit in plain-
tiff's face. Alcorn v. Mitchell, 63 111.
553.
$1,000, plaintiff maimed. Slater v.
Rink, 18 111. 527.
$1,000, patient in hospital injured by
demented patient. University of Louis-
ville V. Hammock, 127 Ky. 564, 106 S.
W. 219.
11,000, wanton assault in dining-
room of hotel, exemplary damages.
Borland v. Barrett, 76 Va. 128, 44 Am.
Rep. 152.
$1,250, malicious and unprovoked
battery on sick woman, exemplary
damages. Chicago C. T. Co. v. Ma-
honey, 230 111. 562, 82 N. E. 868, af-
firming 131 111. App. 591.
$2,000, gunshot wound. James v.
Hayes, 63 Kan. 133, 65 Pac. 241.
$2,000, plaintiff a minister. Wagner
V. Gibbs, 80 Miss. 53, 31 So. 434, 92
Am. St. Rep. 598.
$2,500, serious injury in public place.
Rand v. Butte E. Ry., 40 Mont. 398,
107 Pac. 87.
$2,500, plaintiff rendered insane.
Spear v. Sweeney, 88 Wis. 545, 60
N. W. 1060.
$4,500, severe injury to seaman.
Bolden v. Jensen, 70 Fed. 505.
$5,000, pain, eyesight impaired.
Doerhoefer v. Shewmaker, 97 S. W. 7,
29 Ky. L. Rep. 1193.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$5,000 for overcoming resistance of
girl to entry on land. East Jersey Co.
V. SUngerland, 58 N. J. L. 411, 33 Atl.
843.
$2,000, slight injury. St. Peter v.
Iowa Tel. Co., 151 la. 294, 131 N. W.
2.
$2,000, assault with whip. Goetz v.
Ambs, 22 Mo. 170.
$1,000 for insulting assault on man
of poor character; reduced to $300.
Matson v. Matson, 105 Me. 152, 73
Atl. 867.
$600, slight injury. Nagle v. Cohn
(R. I.), 67 Atl. 419.
i« The following verdicts were up-
held:
$500. Bruske v. Neugent, 116 Wis.
488, 93 N. W. 454.
$700 after former verdicts of $500
and $510 had been set aside. Ragsdale
V. Ezell, 20 Ky. L. Rep. 1567, 49 S. W.
775.
A verdict of $3,000 was held exces-
sive, and reduced to $1,500. Kurpge-
weit V. Kirby, 88 Neb. 72, 129 N. W.
127.
"' The following verdicts were up-
held:
$800. Kress v. Lawrence, 158 Ala.
652, 47 So. 574.
$2,500. Doane v. Anderson, 15 N. Y.
Supp. 459.
A verdict of $1,000 was held exces-
sive where a woman, accused of taking
property, went to the office and stayed
there some time in order to get back
her property. Fair v. Himmel, 50 111.
App. 215.
§§ 1346, 1347 SLIGHT OR TEMPORARY INJURY 2701
an expense of $225, and loss of time, a verdict of $482 was
held not excessive."* Where a woman while in a deUcate
state of health was wrongfully ejected from a house in bad
weather, at night, and was compelled to seek shelter with a
neighbor, a verdict of $6,000 actual and $1,000 exemplary-
damages was held not excessive."" In Pullman Palace Car
Co. V. Lawrence "" a verdict for $15,000 as compensatory and
exemplary damages for an assault on a passenger was upheld;
and in Nirsing v. Smith i" a verdict for $45,000 was allowed
to stand where the defendant murderously assaulted his son-
in-law with a shot-gun, seriously disabUng him.
§ 1346. Physical injury — Doubtful physical consequences.
Where the plaintiff seeks compensation for alleged injurious
consequences of an injury, and the court feels serious doubt
whether the damage suffered was in reality a consequence of
the injury, this doubt may be considered in passing upon a
motion to set aside the verdict as excessive."^
§ 1347. Slight or temporary injury.
For a sUght or temporary injury small verdicts have been
held not excessive, and even in a few cases large verdicts,
where the injury, though temporary and curable, is severe; ^*'
1" Bicknese v. Brandl, 46 Ind. App. $4,060. Johnson v. Great N. Ry.,
269, 91 N. E. 41. 107 Minn. 285, 119 N. W. 1061.
>« Redfield v. Redfield, 75 Iowa, $4,000; reduced to $1,000. Pate v.
435, .39 N. W. 688. Columbia & P. S. R. R., 52 Wash. 166,
"» 74 Miss. 782, 22 So. 53. 100 Pac. 324.
151 222 Pa. 8, 70 Atl. 906. $3,500; reduced to $2,000. Billings
152 Where serious doubt was felt by v. Snohomish, 51 Wash. 135, 98 Pac.
the court as to whether an alleged con- 107.
sequence had followed from the injury, $2,000; reduced to $1,200. Reynolds
the following verdicts were held exces- v. Smith, 148 la. 264, 127 N. W.
sive: 192.
$7,000; reduced to $2,500. Wellman Anything over $1,000. Schierloh ».
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 219 Mo. 126, Interurban St. Ry., 115 App. Div. 455,
118 S. W. 31. 101 N. Y. Supp. 437.
$5,000. Louisville Ry. v. Roser, 122 "» For a slight or temporary injury
S. W. 149. the following^ verdicts have been up-
$5,000 ; reduced to $3,000. Briscoe v. held :
MetropoUtan St. Ry., 222 Mo. 104, 120 $200. Tanzer v. New York C. Ry.,
S. W. 1162. 46 Misc. 86, 91 N. Y. Supp. 334.
$4,250. Webb v. Minneapolis St. $250. Anderson v. Sparks, 142 Wis.
Ry., 107 Minn. 282, 119 N. W. 955. 398, 125 N. W. 925.
2702
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1347
but in general large verdicts
merely temporary injuries."*
$300. Sheyer v. Lowell, 134 Cal.
357, 66 Pac. 307.
$300. Evansville El. Ry. v. Lerch,
40 Ind. App. 147, 81 N. E. 22.5.
$300. Riley v. Iowa Falls, 83 la.
761, 50 N. W. 33.
$300. Illinois Cent. R. R. v. Tandy,
107 S. W. 715, 32 Ky. L. Rep. 962.
$300. Segerstrom v. Lawrence
(Wash.), 116 Pac. 876.
$350. Barry v. Kurshan, 103 N. Y.
Supp. 120.
$400. Louisville & A. R. R. v. Davis,
96 S. W. 533, 29 Ky. L. Rep. 846.
$441.67. Hignett v. Norridgewock,
105 Me. 189, 73 Atl. 1086.
$450. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v.
Grimsley, 90 Ark. 64, 117 S. W. 1064.
$466.66. Vindas v. Bering Coal Co.,
145 111. App. 528.
$500. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v.
Fambro, 88 Ark. 12, 114 S. W. 230.
$500. Morton w. Pusey, 237 111. 26,
86 N. E. 601.
$500. Southern Ry. o. Johnson, 101
S. W. 929, 31 Ky. L. Rep. 143.
$500. Baker v. Best, 107 S. W. 1192,
33 Ky. L. Rep. 1.
$500. Campbell v. Dreher, 110 S. W.
353, 33 Ky. L. Rep. 444.
$500. Louisville Ry. v. O'Connell,
126 S. W. 1103 (Ky.).
$500. Creason v. St. Louis, I. M. &
S. Ry., 149 Mo. App. 223, 130 S. W.
445.
$500. Norman v. Bellingham, 46
Wash. 205, 89 Pac. 559.
$600. St. Louis & S. F. Ry. ».
Neely, 45 Tex. Civ. App. 611, 101 S. W.
481.
have not been sustained for
$600. Carroll v. Centralia Water
Co., 5 Wash. 613, 32 Pac. 609.
$650. Scurlock v. Boone, 142 la.
684, 121 N. W. 369.
$665. Hill V. Glenwood, 124 la. 479,
100 N. W. 522.
$700. Harvey v. News Pub. Co.
(R. I.), 69 Atl. 69.
$750. St. Louis S. W. Ry. v. Jackson,
91 Ark. 14, 124 S. W. 241.
$750. Lemoine v. Sullivan (Ark.),
134 S. W. 946.
$750. Ryan v. Knickerbocker
Steam-boat Co., 15 Daly, 520, 8 N. Y.
Supp. 471.
$800. Winfrey v. St. Louis Trans.
Co., 122 Mo. App. 388, 99 S. W. 458.
$825. Chesapeake & O. Ry. t'.
Dodge, 66 S. W. 606, 23 Ky. L. Rep.
1959.
$1,000. Eagle Distillery' v. Hardy
(Ky.), 120 S. W. 336.
$1,000. Boyle v. Sagmaw, 124 Mich.
348, 82 N. W. 1057.
$1,000. Hedges v. Metropolitan St.
Ry., 125 Mo. App. 583, 102 S. W. 1086.
$1,000. Maness v. Joplin & P. Ry.,
149 Mo. App. 259, 130 S. W. 87.
$1,000. Kelly v. Butte, 34 Mont.
530, 87 Pac. 968.
$1,000. Rogers v. Mann (R. I.), 70
Atl. 1057.
$1,000. Houston C. S. Ry. v. Ross
(Tex. Qv. App.), 28 S. W. 254.
$1,200. Rush V. Spokane F. & N.
Ry., 23 Wash. 501, 63 Pac. 500.
$1,200. Hiroux v. Baum, 137 Wis.
197, 118 N. W. 533, 19 L. R. A. (N. S.)
332.
$1,250 (reduced from $2,500).
"< For a slight or temporary injury
the following verdicts have been held
excessive:
$25,000; reduced to $5,000. Peyton
V. Texas & P. Ry., 41 La. Ann. 801, 6
So. 690.
$25,000; reduced to $12,500. Yazoo
& M. V. R. R. V. Cobb, 94 Miss. 661, 48
So. 522.
$17,500. Dresch v. Elliott, 137 App.
Div. 252, 122 N. Y. Supp. 14.
$12,000. Rueping v. Chicago & N,
§1348
BROKEN BONES — BONES OF LEG AND HIP
2703
§ 1348. Broken bones— Bones of leg and hip.
For a broken leg the amount of compensation allowed by the
Bauer v. Ollendorf, 12 Ind. App. 397,
40 N. E. 644.
$1,250. Ownesboro v. Williams (Ky.
L. Rep.), 116 S. W. 280.
$1,250. Connor v. Wabash R. R.,
149 Mo. App. 676, 129 S. W. 777.
$1,250. Clegg V. Metropolitan St.
Ry., 37 N. Y. Supp. 130.
$1,250. Ft. Worth & D. C. Ry. v.
Bell, 5 Tex. Civ. App. 28, 23 S. W. 922.
$1,350. Washington v. Rhode Is-
land Co. (R. I.), 70 Atl. 913.
$1,400. Smith v. Des Moines, 84 la.
685, 51 N. W. 77.
$1,400. Southern Ry. v. Cash, 110
Va. 282, 65 S. E. 601.
$1,500 (reduced from $2,000). Mar-
shall V. Saginaw V. T. Co., 157 Mich.
541, 122 N. W. 131.
$1,500. Mack v. Chicago, R. I. & P.
Ry., 123 Mo. App. 631, 101 S.. W.
142.
$1,600. Driscoll v. Humes, Cruise &
SmUey Co. (R. I.), 69 Atl. 766.
$1,675. Stevens w. E. & N. A. Ry.,
66 Me. 74.
$2,000. Prowell v. Waterloo, 144 la.
689, 123 N. W. 346.
$2,000. Plozke v. Detroit U. Ry.,
162 Mich. 632, 127 N. W. 700.
$2,000. Kampmann v. Rothwell
(Tex. Civ. App.), 107 S. W. 120.
$2,500. A. L. Clark Lumber Co. o.
Johns (Ark.), 135 S. W. 892.
$2,500. Miller v. St. Paul City Ry.
(Minn.), 68 N. W. 862.
$2,500. Heiberger v. Missouri &
Kansas Tel. Co., 133 Mo. App. 452,
113 S. W. 730.
$2,500. Citizens' Ry. v. Griffin, 49
Tex. av. App. 569, 109 S. W. 999.
$2,500. Chesapeake & O. Ry. v.
Hoffman, 109 Va. 414, 63 S. E. 432. •
$2,775. Henderson v. Clayton, 57
S. W. 1, 22 Ky. L. Rep. 283.
$3,000. La Doucre v. Nichel
(Minn.), 131 S. W. 852.
$3,000. Egan v. Dry Dock, E. B. &
B. R. R., 42 N. Y. Supp. 188.
$4,000. Morris v. St. Paul City Ry.,
105 Minn. 276, 117 N. W. 500.
$6,926.06. Phillips v. Taxi Service
Co., 183 Fed. 869.
$7,500. Osterhohn v. Boston & M.
C. C. & S. M. Co., 40 Mont. 508, 107
Pac. 499.
W. R. R., 116 Wis. 625, 93 N. W.
843.
$10,000. Duffy V. Jacobson, 135 111.
App. 472.
$10,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Brown, 127 Ky. 732, 106 S. W. 795.
$10,000. Corcoran v. Ulster & D. R.
R., 40 N Y. Supp. 1117.
$10,000; reduced to $5,000. Smith
V. Third Ave. R. R., 10 App. Div. 409,
41 N. Y. Supp. 977.
$10,000. Becker v. Albany Ry., 54
N. Y. Supp. 395.
$10,000; reduced to $5,000. Mis-
souri Pacific Ry. v. Texas Pacific Ry.,
41 Fed. 311.
$6,500. Landro v. Great N. Ry.
(Minn.), 130 N. W. 553.
$6,500. Waddell v. Metropolitan St.
Ry., 213 Mo. 8, 111 S. W. 542.
$6,300. Fremont E. & M. V. R. R. v.
French, 48 Neb. 638, 67 N. W. 472.
$6,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Survant, 27 S. W. 999, 96 Ky. 197.
$5,500. Karasich v. Hasbrouch, 28
Wis. 569.
$5,500; reduced to $3,500. Wad-
leigh V. Duluth St. Ry., 92 Minn. 415,
100 N. W. 104.
$5,000 (reduced from $7,000). Ala-
bama G. S. R. R. V. Burgess, 119 Ala.
555, 25 So. 251, 72 Am. St. Rep.
943.
$5,000; reduced to $3,500. Moudy
V. St. Louis D. B. & P. Co., 153 Mo.
App. 34, 130 S. W. 476.
2704 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES § 1348
court has varied greatly."* Verdicts have also been considered
$5,000; reduced to $1,500. Evers v.
Weil, 17 N. Y. Supp. 29.
$5,000. Spofford v. Rhode Island
Suburban Ry., 29 R. I. 34, 69 Atl. 2.
$4,500. Illinois Cent. R. R. v.
Downs, 122 111. App. 545.
$4,500. Meade v. Brooklyn Heights
R. R., 39 N. Y. Supp. 320.
$4,300. Levitt v. Nassau El. Co., 43
N. Y. Supp. 426.
$3,500. Southern Ry. v. Lee, 119
S. W. 170 (Ky. L. Rep.).
$3,500. Shortsleeve v. New York C.
& H. R. R., 40 N. Y. Supp. 1105.
$3,000. Graham v. Rockford, 142
111. App. 306, affirmed, 238 111. 214, 87
N. E. 361.
$3,000. Lexington Ry. v. Wood-
ward, 106 S. W. 853, 32 Ky. L. Rep.
653.
$3,000. Kentucky & I. B. & R. Co.
V. Singheiser, 115 S. W. 192 (Ky. L.
Rep.).
$3,000. Kennedy v. St. Paul City
Ry., 59 Minn. 45, 60 N. W. 810.
$3,000; reduced to $1,925. Putz v.
St. Paul Gas Light Co., 108 Minn. 243,
121 N. W. 1109.
$2,500. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R. v.
Payzant, 87 111. 125.
$2,500. Lake St. El. R. R. ;;. John-
son, 70 111. App. 413.
$2,500; reduced to $2,000. West
Chicago St. R. R. v. Musa, 80 111. App.
223.
$2,500. Haywood v. Bering Coal
Co., 145 111. App. 506.
$2,500. Votimakis v. Maropulos,
147 111. App. 630.
$2,350. Fremont E. & M. V. R. R. v.
Leslie, 41 Neb. 159, 59 N. W. 559.
$2,250. Haskins i/. Rhode Island
Co. (R. I.), 69 Atl. 335.
$2,000; reduced to $1,000. St. Louis,
I. M. & S. R. R. V. Stovall (Ark.),
136 S. W. 169.
$1,500. St. Louis, I. M. & S. R. R. v.
Snell, 82 Ark. 61, 100 S. W. 67.
$1,500. Dixon v. Scott, 74 111. App.
277.
$l,500;reducedto$l,000. Comrade!).
Atlas L. & S. Co., 44 Wash. 470, 87 Pac.
517.
$1,425; reduced to $1,000. Spring-
field Consol. Ry. v. Wright, 134 111.
App. 598.
$1,000. Parkinson Sugar Co. v.
Riley, 50 Kan. 401, 31 Pac. 1090.
$1,000; reduced to $500. Yazoo &M.
R. R. V. Kelly (Miss.), 53 So. 779.
$1,000; reduced to $600. Johnson v.
Ish (Neb.), 133 N. W. 201.
$750; reduced to $350. Bellerti.Levy,
68 Misc. 182, 124 N. Y. Supp. 411.
$700; reduced to $400. Durose v. St.
Paul City Ry., 80 Minn. 512, 83 N. W.
397.
$.500. Southern Ry. v. Turner
(Miss.), 49 So. 113.
$400. Chicago v. Colman, 33 111.
App. 557.
$250; reduced to $100. Catzer v.
Brooklyn, O. C. & S. R. R.(Misc.), 112
N. Y. Supp. 1088.
$250; reduced to $125. De Noyels v.
Joline (Misc.), 116 N. Y. Supp. 662.
$250. Vilicki a. New York Transp.
Co., 65 Misc. 43, 119 N. Y. Supp. 220.
'" For a broken leg the following ver-
dicts have been upheld:
$275. Madisonville v. Stewart (Ky.),
121 S. W. 421.
$500, nervous system injured. Ken-
tucky Hotel Co. V. Camp, 97 Ky. 424,
30 S. W. 1010.
$900, seven months lame, leg per-
manently shortened. Palmer Transf.
Co. V. Smith, 137 Ky. 319, 125 S. W.
725, 29 L. R. A. (N. S.) 321.
$985 (reduced from $1,000), both
legs, permanent deformity. Mitchell v.
Libby, 149 111. App. 201.
$1,000. Hobart Lee Tie Co. v. Keck,
89 Ark. 122, 116 S. W. 183.
$1,200. Smith v. Heibel, 157 Mo.
App. 177, 137 S. W. 70.
§1348
BROKEN BONES— BONES OF LEG AND HIP
2705
for damages from broken ankles,"* broken kneecap,* ^^ and
broken hips.^^*
$1,400. Smith v. DeS Moines, 84 lai
685, 51 N. W. 77.
$1,500, pernlaiiettt distortion and
pain. IVibrgan ti. C. Hager & Sbns'H.
M. Co., 120 Mo. App. 590, 97S.W. 638.
$1,80©; permanent shorteiiing. Prop-
som V. Leatham, 80*Wis. 608, SON. W.
686.
$^,000. Pearce 'v. Kalisas City, 156
Mo. App. 236, IS'S'S. W. 629.
$2,500, permanent itfckpacity. Dries
». FredeHeh, 73 Tex. 4ea, US. W.
493.
$2,500. Patterson v. MelcMor, 106
Minri:"437, 119 N. W. 402.
$3,00i0 (redticed from $4;000); Chi-
cago City Ry. ».' Kenyon, 137 111. App.
126; affirmed, 235 111.406, 85 N. E. 660.
$3,000; arm also' broken afld de-
formed, serious nervous effects. Maine
ti. CMcsigd City Ry., 148 111. App. 509.
$3,000, penrianeht injury, incapacity
"« For a broken anikle the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$2,500. Millel: t). City of New York,
104 App. Div. 33, 93'N. Y' Siipp. 227.
$3,000, arm also broken, earning
capacity imipaired. Selma Street & S.
R. R. V. Owen, 132 Ala; 420; 31 So. 598.
$3,000, permianent lameness. St.
Joseph & G. I. R. R. V. Hedge, 44 Neb.
446, 62 N. W. 887.
$3,000, Pott's fracture. Haney v.
City of New York; 126 App'. Div. 908,
110 N. Y. Supp. 815.
$3,000, permanent stiffiiess. St.
Joseph & G. I. R. R; V. Hedge', 44 Neb.
446, 62 N. W. 887.
$4,000, painful and permanent in-
juries. Missouri, K. &' T. Ry. v. Bris-
coe (Tex. Civ. App.), 109 S. W. 4S3.
$4,000, crippled for life. St. Louis &
S. F. Ry. v. Woolum, 84 Tex. 570, 19
S. W. 782.
$5,000, piBrmianerit impairment of
earning capacity. Louisville v.' Ar-
rowsmith CKy.), 140 S. W'. 1029.
$6,500, rupture, permanent incapac-
ity. The Mineola, 44 Fed. 143.
$7,5(X), Pott's fracture. Ft. Worth
V. Williams (Tex. Civ. App.), 119 S. W.
137.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$10,000. Adams v: Mo. Pac. Ry.,
100 Mo. 555, 12 S. W. 637, 13 S. W.
609.
170
$8,666, strength of leg permanently
impaired, but not use of it; reduced to
$5,000. Nicholds v. Crystal Plate
Glass Co., 126 Mo. 65, 28 S. W. 991.
$4,000, great pain, permanent lame-
ness; reduced to $2,500. Johnson v. St.
Paul City Ry., 67 Minn. 260, 69 N. W.
900, 36 L. R. A. 586.
"' For broken kneecap and dis-
located collar bone, $3,000 was al-
lowed. Ward V. Mefeds (Minn.), 130
N;w. 2; ,
168 For a broken hip the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$2,000, leg permanently shortened
and'criFfpled. Leonard v. Union Ry.,
98 App. Div. 204, 90 N. Y. Supp. 574.
$3,0(J0. Beringer v. Dubuque St. R.
r!, 118 Iowa; 135, 91 N: W. 931.
$5,000, impacted fractiire, permanent
injury. Kansas City v. Manning;' 50
Kaa. 373, 31 Pac. 1104.
$5,000, inipacted fr&,cture, great paili.
Peterson v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 211
Mo. 498; 111 S. W. 37.
$7,750, permanent lameness. Setzler
V. Metropolitan St. Ry. (Mb.), 127 S.
w;i.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$15,000; reduced to $10,000. Cox-
head V. Johnson, 47 N. Y. Supp. 389.
$12,500; reduced to $7,000. Dean v.
Wabash R. R., 229 Mo. 425, 129 S. W.
953.
2706
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1349
1349. Bones of arm or shoulder.
In case of a broken arm, verdicts have had a rather wide
to labor for a year. Campbell v. Rail-
way Transfer Co., 95 Minn. 375, 104
N. W. 547.
$3,000, leg shortened. Weingarten v.
Metropolitan St. Ry., 62 App. Div.
364, 70 N. y. Supp. 1113.
$3,000, leg shortened. MaJoney v.
Stetson & Post Mill Co., 46 Wash. 645,
90 Pac. 1046.
$3,250, permanent lameness, severe
pain. NavaUles v. Dielmann, 124 La.
421, 50 So. 449.
$3,850, permanent lameness, shoul-
der dislocated. North Arkansas Tel.
Co. V. Steiner, 95 Ark. 275, 129 S. W.
810.
$4,000, permanent shortening. Roche
V. Redington, 125 Cal. 174, 57 Pac. 890.
$4,000, both legs broken. Atchison,
T. & S. F. Ry. V. Hastings, 78 Kan.
499, 100 Pac. 68.
$4,000. Danville, L. & N. Turnpike
Road Co. V. Stewart, 2 Mete. (Ky.) 119.
$4,000, foot crushed, head wound,
long disablement. Burleigh v. St.
Louis Tr. Co., 124 Mo. App. 724, 102
S. W. 621.
$4,000, left arm and leg permanently
injured, shock to nervous system, large
medical expenses. Missouri, K. & T.
Ry. V. Malone (Tex. Qv. App.), 110
S. W. 958.
$4,316.75, wrist sprained, ankle
bruised, leg shortened. Chicago & A.
Ry. V. Watsker, 128 111. App. 299.
$4,500 (reduced from $6,000), per-
manent shortening, lameness and in-
capacity. Lehman v. Minneapolis & S.
L. R. R. (la.), 133 X. W. 327.
$4,500, both legs, one permanently
shortened, loss of time and expenses
$1,143. Burke v. St. Louis Southwest-
em Ry., 120 Mo. App. 683, 97 S. W. 981.
$4,500, permanent incapacity. Evers
V. Wiggins Ferry Co., 127 Mo. App.
236, 105 S. W, 306.
$5,000 (reduced from $8,000), per-
manent crippling. Chicago City Ry. v.
Mumford, 97 111. 660.
$5,000, permanent shortening. Eiler-
man v. Farmer (Ky. L. Rep.), 118
S. W. 289.
$5,000, permanent incapacity. Per-
rette v. City of Kansas City, 162 Mo.
238, 62 S. W. 448.
$5,000, permanent incapacity. Pauck
V. St. Louis D. B. & P. Co., 166 Mo.
639, 66 S. W. 1070.
85,000, permanent injury and de-
formity. Garard v. Manufacturers' C.
& C. Co., 207 Mo. 242, 105 S. W. 767.
$5,000, permanent lameness. Baker
V. Metropolitan St. Ry. (Mo. App.),
126 S. W. 764.
$5,000, permanent lameness and de-
formity. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Johnson (Tex. Civ. App.), 37 S. W. 771.
$5,000, broken arm also. Hoseth v.
Preston Mill Co., 55 Wash. 416, 104
Pac. 612.
$5,500, compound comminuted frac-
ture, permanent injury and lameness.
Kincaid v. WaUa WaUa V. T. Co., 57
Wash. 334, 106 Pac. 918.
$6,000, necrosis of bone, permanent
disability. Louisiana & Ark. Ry. v.
Nix, 94 Ark. 270, 126 S. W. 1076.
87,000, permanent shortening and
lameness, constitution impaired.
Moore v. Wabash R. R., 157 Mo. App.
53, 137 S. W. 5.
$7,000, leg shortened, permanent
pain. Fitch v. Broadway & S. A. R. R.,
58 N. Y. Super. Ct. 575, 10 N. Y. Supp.
225.
87,500, necrosis of bone, several op-
erations, chronic invalid for life. Chi-
cago V. Loebel, 130 111. App. 487, af-
firmed, 228 111. 52, 81 N. E. 796.
$7,595, other injuries, permanent
nervousness, leg shortened. Loftus v.
Metropolitan St. Ry., 220 Mo. 470,
119 S. W. 942.
$7,700, hip crushed, ribs broken, per-
§1349
BONES OF ARM OR SHOULDER
2707
range, as might be expected from the great variety of ac-
manent disability. Foster v. B. I.
Crooker Co., 143 App. Div. 920, 126
N. Y. Supp. 1020.
$8,500, several ribs broken, lung in-
jured, great pain, permanently crip-
pled. Foster v. Chicago, R. I. & P.
Ry., 134 la. 67, 111 N. W. 415.
$9,000, leg shortened and crippled.
Griffith V. Missouri Pac. R. R., 98 Mo.
168, 11 S. W. 559.
$10,000, permanent cripple, great
pain. Hilton & D. L. Co. v. Ingram,
136 Ga. 473, 70 S. E. 234.
$10,000, compound fracture, shock
to nervous system, permanent impair-
ment, of capacity. Olson v. Nebraska
Tel. Co., 85 Neb. 331, 127 N. W.
916.
$10,000, arm dislocated, shoulder and
side injured, long continued incapacity.
Brown v. Sullivan, 71 Tex. 470, 10 S. W.
288.
$10,000, bone would not knit, plain-
tiff could not stand. HaU v. Northwest
Lumber Co., 61 Wash. 351, 112 Pac.
369.
$12,500, comminuted fracture both
legs, compound fracture of jaw. Mc-
Donnel v. Henry EUas Brewing Co., 44
N. Y. Supp. 652.
$15,000, compound fracture, intense
pain for twenty months, $2,300 medical
expenses. Western U. T. Co. v. Engler,
75 Fed. 102, 21 C. C. A. 246.
$15,000, leg shortened, surgical op-
eration. Mitchell V. Broadway & S. A.
Ry., 70 Hun, 387, 24 N. Y. Supp.
32.
$20,000, both legs, permanent dis-
ability, excruciating pain. St. Loiiis
S. W. Ry. V. Ford (Tex. Civ. App.), 121
S. W. 709.
$22,000, both legs, ribs and back,
paralyzed from waist down, use of all
lower organs lost, total disability.
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Melton, 127
Ky. 276, 105 S. W. 366, 110 S. W. 233,
112 S. W. 618.
The following verdicts were held to
be excessive:
$49,000, both legs and right arm
broken, shoulder and head hurt, incur-
able wound, leg shortened; reduced to
$25,000. Canfield v. Chicago, R. I. &
P. Ry., 142 la. 658, 121 N. W. 186.
$15,000, compound fracture, several
operations, great pain, crippled for life;
reduced to $7,500. Dole v. New Or-
leans R. & L. Co., 121 La. 945, 46 So.
929, 19 L. R. A. (N. S.) 623.
$14,833. Southwestern R. R. v.
Singleton, 66 Ga. 252.
$12,500, several months' loss of time,
use of leg somewhat impaired; reduced
to $7,000. Dean v. Wabash R. R., 229
Mo. 425, 129 S. W. 953.
$12,000; reduced to $2,500. Rueping
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 116 Wis. 625,
93 N. W. 843, 96 Am. St. Rep. 1013.
$11,000, leg shortened; reduced to
$8,000. Rice v. Reece (Tex. Civ. App.),
110 S. W. 502.
$11,000. Bronson v. Forty-Second
St. M. & St. M. A. Ry., 67 Hun, 649, 21
N. Y. Supp. 695.
$10,000, both legs, one permanently
weakened; reduced to $3,500. Moore
V. W. R. Pickering Lumber Co., 105
La. 504, 29 So. 990.
$9,000 (reduced from $15,000); re-
duced to $5,266.20. Ross v. Metro-
poUtan St. Ry., 116 App. Div. 507, 101
N. Y. Supp. 932.
$6,000; reduced to $4,000. Clapp v.
Hudson River R. R., 19 Barb. 461.
$5,000, both legs broken; reduced to
$3,500. Hart v. Cascade Timber Co.,
39 Wash. 279, 81 Pac. 738.
$5,000. North Chicago St. R. R. v.
Wiswell, 68 111. App. 443.
$5,000. Ross V. Metropolitan St.
Ry., 104 App. Div. 378, 93 N. Y. Supp.
679.
$4,100, slight limp; reduced to
$2,100. Slette v. Great Northern Ry.,
53 Minn. 341, 55 N. W. 137.
2708 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES § 1349
companying injuries."' Verdicts have also been considered for
$4,000. Lombard*; Chicago, R. I. &
P. R. R., 47 la. 494.
84,000, severe sprain of ankle, in-
juries to some extent permanent; re-
duced to $2,000. Galveston Electric
Co. V. Diekey (Tex. Civ. AppO, 138
S. W. 1093.
83,000. Chicago v. Sutton, 136 111.
App. 221.
$3,000; reduced to $2,000i South!
Omaha v. Fennell (Neb.), 94 N. W.
632.
82,800, slight permanent limp; for-
mer verdict of 81,700 set aside, cOUld*
not sanction more. Collins v. Janes-
ville, 107 Wis. 436, 87 N. W. 241.
$1,700 (reduced from $2,500). Col-
lins V. Janesville, 107 Wis. 436, 83
N. W. 695.
$1,500. Johnson v. Heath (Neb.),
98 N. W. 832.
"" For a, broken arm the following
verdicts have been upheld!
$500, permanent deformity. Gerkfen
V. Plimpton, 62 App. Div. 35, 70 N. Y.
Supp. 793.
$625, compound fracture, front teeth
knocked out'. D. H. Ewing & SonSw.
Callahan, 105 S. W. 387, 32 Ky. L.
Rep. 46.
$850, dislocated hip, long-continued
pain. Southern' Ryi v: ButgesS, 143
Ala. 364, 42 So. 35.
81,750, compound fracture, perma-
nent impairment of use of'arnS, large
medical expenses. Trasfc v. HalloWell
Granite Wks., 106 Me. 468, 76 Atl.
919.
82,600, face bruised, knee hurt, hear-
ing permaneiltly injured. Louisville &
N. R. R. V. Roe, 142 Ky. 456, 134 S. W.
437.
83,000jpain, loss of time, loss of use of
three fingers. Mallay v. Ktelly-^Atkin-
son Const. Co., 144 111. App. 226, af-
firmed, 240 111. 102, 88 N. E. 234.
$8,000, pain, partial loss of use of
hand. Lanccin v. Morgan's' L. & T.
RJ. R. & S. S. Co., 127 La. 1, 53
So. 365.
$3,000, spine and shoulder injured,
ribs wrenched, injuries permanent.
Texas Midland R. R. v. Byrd (Tex.
Civ. Apt).), 110 S. W. 199.
84,500, permanent reduction of
working capacity. Sweeney v. Butte, 15
Mont. 274, 39 Pac. 286.
$4,750, permanent loss of use, several
operations. Clark v. Johnson County
Telephone Co. (la.), 123 N. W. 327.
85,000, ear torn from head, face dis-
fl^red, long" suffering, subject to
spasms. Wankowski v. Crivitz P.
&- P. Co., 137 Wis. 123, 118 N. W.
643.
$8,000, ribs broken, head, hip, back
and legs wounded. Chicago, R. I. & P.
Ry. V. Pratt, 94 Ark. 430, 127 S. W.
711.
810,000, ribs broken, hand, arm and
leg- cut, back wrenched, great pain.
Yazoo & M, V. R. R. v. Grant, 86 Miss.
585, 38 So. 502.
$15,000, collar bone broken, arm
shortened, plaintiff, a surgeon, ren-
dered Unable to do delicate operations,
nervous systemi disturbed, great pain.
Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v. Young,
45 Tex. Civ. App. 430, 100 S. W.
993.
815,000, collar bone broken, chest
compressed, elbow crushed. Gulf, C.
& S. P. Ry. V. Dorsey (Tex.), 18 S. W.
444.
825,000, five ribs broken, unable to
use arm one year, money loss to trial
89,000. Dieffenbach v. New York, L.
E. & W. R. R., 5 App. Div. 91, 38 N. Y.
Supp. 788.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$11,800, stiffness of two fingers; re-
duced to $6,000. Clifton v: Kansas
City So. Ry. (Mo.), 135 S. W. 40.
$1,500; reduced to $500. Diblin v.
Murphy, 3 Sandf. 19.
§1350
BONES OF THE TRUNK
2709
broken bones in the hftndj'^*'' -,fii)ger,i" svrist ^*^ and. shoul-
der. ^^^
§ 1350. Bones of the trunk.
For .fracture of the spine l^ijge dam^iges have been^giyen and
allowed."^ For a broken ,rib .or ribs "^ the amount recovered
varies according to the accompanying injuries or other cir-
160 pof Jjrqken bones jn a l^and the
following verdicts have been, upheld:
$700. Townsend v. Joplin (Mo.
App.), 123 .S. W. 474.
11,500, hand permanently :Btiffewed.
Goodloe .V. Metropolitan St- Ry-, 120
Mo. App. 194, 96 S. W, 482.
1^'. For a broken .finger .the ipllo)TCing
verdicts have been upheld:
$300, hand lacerated, idisability.jf or
three months. Olsen v. ,Wendt, 58
Misc. 21, 110 N. Y.,Supp. 153.
12,500, hand permanently .injured.
Gregory .w. Slaughter, 99 S. .W. 247, 30
Ky. Law Rep. 500.
162 Por a, broken wrist the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$600 (though reduced by trial court
to $150). Flaunt v. Railway Transfer
Co., 90 Minn. 499, 97 N. W.,433.
$1,250, hand crippled. Mohr v.
Wetherill, 33 Misc. 791, 67 N. Y.Supp.
690.
$2,000, CoUes fracture, permanent
diminution earning capacity. Powers
i;. Maravia, 125 App. Div. 9Q2, 108
N. Y. Supp. 159.
$2,500, Colles fi;acture, hand dis-
figured and use permanently impaired-
Schreiber v. Depew, 187 App. Div.;433,
121 N. Y. Supp. 757.
"^ For a broken shoulder, with per-
manent impairment of use of arm, a
verdict for "$8,000 was held exoessiye.
Southern Ry. v. Godda,rd, 97 S. ;W.
392, 30 Ky. L. Rep. 126.
'°* For fracture of the spine the fol-
lowing verdicts have been upheld:
$1,000. Springfield Gonsol. Ry. v.
Johnson, 134 111. App. 536.
$4,000, sprained ankle, nervous sys-
tem affected. The Cityof .Pqrtsmovith,
125vFed. .264.
$4,500, .progressive disP'bility for life.
Hamburg-Amer. S. Co. .v., Backer, 185
Bed- 40, 107 C. C. A. 290.
r$18,00O,brqken-neck. Missouri, K. &
T. Ry. V. Thomas, 48 Tex. ,Civ. App.
646, 107 S. ,W. 868.
. $25,000, (broken neck, .total disability .
Texas & N. O. R. -R. .^..^Baiiwick, 50
Tex. Civ. App. 544, 110 S. W,
953.
In . Gprdon .w. JKansas .City Squthern
Ry., 222 Mo. 516, 121 -S. W. 80, where
the plaintiff^ iback and five ribs were
broken, his pelvis find hip rbones
mashed, and the injuries . resulted in
total pajralysis from the middle of the
back down, and he had no control over
the functions of that part of his, body, a
verdict of $35,000 was held excessive,
and jeduced to $25,000.
1C6 ]?Qj. fi-acture of one or more .ribs
the following verdicts have been up-
held:
$500 (reduced from $600), several
ribs br^dten, two attacks fif ..pleurisy-
Ghiesigp U. T. Co. v. Berfces, 136 111.
App. 105.
$988, three ribs-brokep, shou,lder dis-
located, internal injuries. Beverage v.
RoGkport,..106 Me. 523, 76 AtI.-677.
$l,000,.he.alth impaired, pain. Mer-
chants' I. & C. S. Co. V. Eargholt, 129
Ky. 60, 110 S. W. 364.
$1,000, yesj's disabiUty. Dabmer v.
Metropolitan St. Ry., 136 Mo. App.
443, 118 S. W. 496.
$1,000, probably permanent injuries.
McDermott v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 85
Wis. 102, 55 N. W. 179.
2710
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1351
cumstances. Damages allowed for fracture of the collar bone
have also been examined."^
§ 1361. Bones of the head.
Verdicts have been examined by the courts which were ren-
dered for a broken jaw/" or nose/^* or for fracture of the skull. ^^'
Sl,025. Ashley v. Aberdeen, 46
Wash. 385, 90 Pac. 210.
$1,400, shoulder dislocated, permar
nent injury. Waukegan v. Sharafinski,
135 111. App. 436.
$1,500, ribs and foot. West Chicago
St. Ry. V. Mileham, 138 111. App. 569.
$2,000, sprained ankle, nervous sys-
tem shocked, lame for three months.
Lee V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 146 Mo.
App. 696, 129 S. W. 773.
$2,200, bruised back and side,
wrenched spine, nervous disorders.
Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. Hay (Tex.
Civ. App.), 86 S. W. 954.
$3,000, collar bone broken, great
suffering. Louisville & S. I. T. Co. v.
Snead, 93 111. App. 177.
$3,200, tumor, pleurisy, adhesion of
lung. Wynne v. Atlantic Ave. R. R.,
14 Misc. 394, 35 N. Y. Supp. 1034.
$3,500, stomach trouble, permanent
impairment of use of arms. Craney v.
Schloeman, 145 111. App. 313.
$3,750, side bruised, insensible for
some time. Missouri Pacific Ry. v.
Aiken, 71 Tex. 373, 9 S. W. 437.
$4,500, contusion of shoulder and
head, inability to work, deterioration in
health. Ivey v. Brooklyn Heights R.
R., 63 App. Div. 311, 71 N. Y. Supp.
633.
14,500, permanent injury affecting
respiration. Perry v. Metropolitan St.
Ry., 68 App. Div. 351, 74 N. Y. Supp.
1.
$5,000, pain and disability. Texas &
N. O. R. R. V. Reed, 54 Tex. Civ. App.
26, 116 S. W. 69.
$8,250, several ribs, lung punctured.
Reed v. Chicago, St. P., M. & O. Ry., 74
la. 188, 37 N. W. 149.
$9,000, use of right arm lost. Burke
V. City & County Contract Co., 133
App. Div. 113, 117 N. Y. Supp.
400.
$9,000, badly scalded, unable to work.
Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v. Croskell,
6 Tex. Civ. App. 160, 25 S. W.
486.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$38,750, collar bone fractured, cir-
culation impaired, chest deformed!
Tunnel M. & L. Co. v. Cooper, 50 Colo.
390, 115 Pac. 901.
$5,000; reduced to $2,500. Mar-
riott V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 142 Mo.
App. 199, 204, 126 S. W. 231.
$5,000; reduced to $3,500. Fry v.
Great Northern Ry., 95 Minn. 87, 103
N. W. 733.
166 por fracture of the collar bone the
following verdicts have been upheld:
$2,500, permanent injury to arm and
hand. Clarke v. Philadelphia & R. C.
& I. Co., 92 Minn. 418, 100 N. W. 231.
$2,500. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry. v.
Barrett, 35 Tex. Civ. App. 366, 80
S. W. 660.
"' For a broken jaw the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$4,000, with loss of ear. Well v.
Moran Bros. Co., 55 Wash. 102, 104
Pac. 172.
$6,000, permanent disfigurement.
Miller v. Erie R. R., 54 N. Y. Supp. 606.
'»* For a broken nose, and loss of
teeth $330 was not excessive. Texas &
P. Ry. V. Crockett, 27 Tex. Civ. App.
463, 66 S. W. 114.
'™ For a broken skull the following
verdicts have been upheld :
$1,500 (reduced from $3,000), mental
§§ 1352, 1353
PAIN AND SUFFERING
2711
§ 1352 Surgical operation.
Where the injury results in a serious abdominal or other
major operation, the damages will be swelled by the risk, pain,
and expense of the operation; and heavy damages may be
given and allowed by the court, i™
§ 1353. Pain and suffering.
In many cases the chief element of damages is the pain and
suffering, physical and mental, of the plaintifif. Where that is
the case, it is of course difficult to place any check on the
discretion of the jury; and the circumstances necessarily vary
so much, and pain may be felt in such infinite difference of
degree, that verdicts for very dififerent amoimts wiU be al-
lowed."^ In a few cases the court is required to pass upon
disturbance and inability to work.
Savage v. Chicago & J. Ry., 142 lU.
App. 342, affirmed, 238 lU. 392, 87
N. E. 377.
$3,000, some disturbance of the
brain. Enos Fire Escape Co. v. Lana-
gan, 136 111. App. 631, affirmed, Lana^
gan V. Enos Fire Escape Co., 233 HI.
308, 84 N. E. 267.
§7,500, several pieces of bone and
portion of brain removed, injuries per-
manent. Phelps V. Conqueror Z. & L.
Co., 218 Mo. 572, 117 S. W. 705.
"' For an injury which caused a
serious surgical operation the following
verdicts have been upheld :
$1,100. Williams ». Shaw (R. I.),
71 Atl. 207.
$1,900. Jarvis v. MetropoUtan St.
Ry., 65 App. Div. 490, 72 N. Y. Supp.
829.
$1,999, permanent impairment earn-
ing capacity. Illinois Cent. R. R. v.
Mayes, 142'Ky. 382, 134 S. W. 436.
$3,000, permanent lameness. Keane
V. Seattle, 55 Wash. 622, 104 Pac. 819.
$3,000, impairment of health and
function. Allen v. Voje, 114 Wis. 1, 89
N. W. 924.
$3,725, injury to health. Birming-
ham R. L. & P. Co. V. Moore, 148 Ala.
115, 42 So. 1024.
$4,156. O'MaUey v. Rhode Island
Co. (R. I.), 70 Atl. 915.
$5,000, great pain. Niendorff v.
Manhattan Ry., 38 N. Y. Supp. 690.
$5,000, weakness in back, abscess in
side. Galveston H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Sanders (Tex. Qv. App.), 65 S. W. 889.
$6,500, heavy expense, great pain.
Clarke v. Westcott, 2 App. Div. 503, 37
N. Y. Supp. nil.
$9,000. Alkire v. Myers Lumber Co.
(Wash.), 106 Pac. 915.
$10,933. Van Vranken v. Kansas
aty E. Ry., 84 Kan. 287, 114 Pac. 202.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$7,500; reduced to $4,000. Kirby i'.
St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 146 Mo. App.
304, 130 S. W. 69.
$4,500; reduced to $2,500. Reems v.
New Orleans G. N. R. R., 126 La. 511,
52 So. 681.
$3,500; reduced to $2,500. Nelson v.
Bromley, 55 Wash. 256, 104 Pac. 251.
•" Where pain and suffering, mental
or physical, was a principal item of re-
covery the following verdicts have been
upheld:
$300. Augusta v. Tharpe (Ga.), 38
S. E. 389.
$300. Mordente v. New York Cab
Co., 109 N. Y. Supp. 12.
2712 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES § 1353
the proper compensation for the Qonscious sufferuig ;hefore
f 2,000. Atcliison, T. & S. F. R. .R..!;.
Stewart, 55 Kan. 667, 41 Pac. 961.
«2>000. Austin '«. St. Louis .& S.F.
R..R., 149 Mo. App. §97, 130 S. W.
385.
$2,QQ0. .Tp;?as & P. R. R. v. I^wry,
61 Tex. 149.
$2,000. Murray v. Seattle Electric
Co., 50;W_aBh. 444,!.£!7 Pac. 458.
$2,250. Lpuisyille & E. R. R. v.
Vincent, 96 S.' W. 898, 29 Ky. L. Rep.
1049.
$2,500. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry.
V. Hartung, 95 Axk. 220, 128 S. W.
1025.
$2,500. San Antonio Gas Co. v.
Singleton (Tex. Civ. App.), 59 S. W.
9^6.'
• $2i810 (reduced from |4,000). Evans
V. Iowa City, 1^5 la. 202, 100 N. W.
11.12.
,|3i000. Montgomery v. Shirley, 159
Ala. 239,, 48 So. 679.
.$3,258. ;Spires v. Middlesex & M.
E^ L. H. & P. Co., 70 N. J. L. 355, 57
Atl. ^3*.
|4,0Q0. Houston & T. C. R. R. v.
Pulger, 35 Tex. Civ. App. 478, 80
S. W. 657.
$4,000. Ga,lYeston, H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Matzdorf (Tex. Civ. App.), 107 S. W.
882.
$5,000. Hanlpnv. Misspiiri Pac. Ry.,
104 Mo. 381,' 16 S. W. 233.
$6,333. Lipsky v. C. Reiss Coal
Co., 136 Wis. 307, 117 N. W. 803.
$6,300. St. Louis & S. F. R. R. v.
Richards, 23 Okla. 256, 102 Pac. 92.
$7,000. Allen t). Ames College Co.,
106 la. 602^ 76 N. W. 848.
$7,600. Hallack v. Jfohnson, 12 Colo.
244, 20 Pac. 700.
$8,000. Southern Ry. v. Brewer, 117
S. W. 958 (Ky.).
$22,895. Carr v. Am. Locomotive
Co., 29 R.I. 276, 77 Atl. ,104.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
LevjnjW. Nassau Electric R.
R. (App. Div.), 122 N. Y. Supp. 863.
$400. Weiskopf v. Ritter, 97 S. W.
1120, 29 Ky. L. Rep. 1268.
$460. Barker v. Jefferson, 155 Mo.
App. 390, 137 S. W. 10.
$500. Wallace v. Bach, 97 S. W. 418,
30 Ky. L. Rep. 69.
$500. Cartwright v. Puisgigur, 125
-La. 700, 51,So..692.
' $600. Thompsons. Poplar Bluff, 124
Mo.' App. 439, 101 S. W. 709."
$600. Piering v. Dunham Mfg. Co.,
113 N. Y. Supp. 713.
J|^700. Illinois Central Ry. v. Smith,
1^2 ky. 732, 118 S. W. 933. '
$700. Ilillerbrand v. May Mercantile
Co., 141 Mo. App. 122, 121 S. W.326.
$1,000. Ozan Lumber Co. w. Bryan,
90,Ark. 223, 119 S. W. 73.
$1,000. Lexington Ry. v. Johnson,
139 Ky. 323, 122 S. W. 830.
$i,000. Joseph V. Edison Electjric
Co., ip4 La. 634, 29 So. 223.
$1,QOO. Winkler w.St. Loi}is, I. M. &
S. Ry., 21 Mo. App. 99.
J51,064. Smith v. Nassau Electric
R. R., 67 App. Div. 152, 67 N. Y.
,Supp. 1044.
^1,125. ' Texas Ccjnt. R. R. v. Wheel-
er (Tex. Civ. App.), 116 S. W- 83.
$1,400. Radjaviller v. Third Ave.
R. R.,(68 App. Div. 11, 68 n! Y..^upp.
617.
$1,500. O'Shaugapnessy w. Chicago
qity Ry., .144 lU. App. 174.
$1,500 ($lj000 for permanent in-
juries, $500 for pain). Atchison, T. &
S. F. R. R. P- Lee, 8 ^an. App. 24, 54
Pac. 4.
|1,600. ,Q\irvin v. .Grimes, 132 Ky.
555, 1],6.S.,W.725.
$1,500. St. Louis Southwestern Ry.
V. Browning, 54 Tex. Civ. App. 521,
118 S. W. 245.
$1,600. Texarkana & Ft. S. Ry. v.
Brandon (Tex. Civ. App.), 126 S. W.
703.
§1354
DISABILITY TO LABOR
2713
death of a person who died as a result of the (iefendant's
wrong. ^'^
§ 1354. Permanent injuries— Disability to labor.
The injury caused by permanent impairment or destruction
of ability to labor varies greatly, according to the capacity of
the injured person and the nature and completeness of the
impair^ient. Verdicts varying from small to very large have
been considered by the courts."*
S5,000 (reduced from $7,500); re-
duced to $2,500. Hemenway v. Wash-
ijigtpn W. P. Co., 49 Wash. 338, 95
Pac. 269.
,$3,000 ; reduced to $1,500. Ferringer
V. Crowley, O. & M. Co., 122 La. 441,
47 So. 763.
$3,000;reduced to $2,000. Eeddecki;.
St. Louis Car Co., 125 Mp. App. 24,
102 S. W. 675.
$2,700; reduced to $1,700. Meyers v.
Syndicate H. & P. Co., 47 Wash.. 48, 91
Pac. 549.
$666.66 (reduced from $1,000); re-
duced to $300. Puis w. Powelson, 142
la. 604, 121 N. W. 1.
"2 The following verdicts for pain and
suffering before death were upheld:
$1,000, thirty or forty minutes. St.
Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v. Pate, 90 Ark.
135, 118 S. W. 260.
$2,500, twenty-four hours. St. Louis,
I. M. & S. Ry. V. Robbins,,57 Ark. 377,
21 S. W. 886.
$6,750, excruciating pain for six days.
BowUng G. G. Co. v. Dean, 141 Ky.
473, 134 S. W. 1115.
The following verdicts were -held ex-
cessive:
$4,000 where the deceased lived only
a few moments after the accident.. St.
Louis, I. M. & S. R. R. v. Dawson, 68
Ark. 1, 56 S. W. 46.
$3,500, suffering in the water before
drowning; reduced to $350. The
Robert Graham Dun, 70 Fed. 270, 17
C. C. A. 90.
"^ For an injury causing partial or
total disability to IfihoT the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$941.70, total permanent disability.
Montague v. Sanson, 38 Mont. 376, 99
Pac. 1063.
$1,000. Osborn v. Jenkinson, 100 la.
432, 69 N. ,W. 548.
$1,000. Lewis J). Wabash R. R., 142
Mo.' App. 585, 121 S. W. 1090.
$1,000, permanent incapacity. So-
derman v. Troy Steel & Iron Co., 70
Hun, 449, 24 N. Y. Supp. 401.
$1,200, total disability probably per-
manent. Hirpux .V. Baum, 137 Wis.
179, 19 L. R. A. (N. S.) 332, 118 N. W.
533.
$1,250, total disabihty, permanent
without da-ngsrous operation. Louis-
ville Ry. V. Pulham, 101 S. W. 295, 30
Ky. L. Rep. 1325.
$1,350, seripus impairment of ppwer
tp labpr. Oklahpma City v. Welsh
(Okla.), 41 Pac. 598.
$2,000. Cplprado City v. Smith, 17
Colo. App. 172, 67 Pac. 909.
$2,000, permanent disability. Slezak
V. St. Louis Transit Co., 142 Mo. App.
693, 121 S. W. 1095.
$2,000, permanent total disability.
Felsch V. Babb, 72 Neb. 736, 101 N. W.
1011.
$2,000, permanent injuries. Shawnee
V. Slankard (Okla.), 116 Pac. 803.
$2,232, permanent diminution of
earning ppwer. Miller v. Manhattan
Ry., 73 Hun, 512, 26 N. Y. Supp. 162.
$2,250, permanent impairment pf
earning power, exemplary damages.
2714
EXCESSIVE OE INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1355
1355. Permanent crippling.
Where the injury left the plaintiff a permanent cripple, large
Louisville Ry. v. Gaddie, 105 S. W.
454, 32 Ky. L. Rep. 316.
$2,500, permanent disability. Fuhry
V. Chicago City Ry., 144 111. App. 521,
affirmed, 239 III. 548, 88 N. E. 221.
$2,500, paralysis, permanent disabil-
ity. Doherty v. Des Moines City Ry.,
144 la. 26, 121 N. W. 690.
$2,500, permanent disability. Kan-
sas City C. S. & R. Co. V. Taylor (Tex.
Civ. App.), 107 S. W. 889.
$2,700, permanent impairment of
ability to labor. Louisville & N. R. R.
V. Freppon, 134 Ky. 650, 121 S. W. 454.
$3,000, permanent injury. Chicago
V. Wieland, 139 111. App. 197.
$3,000, permanent diminution of
earning capacity. Conrad v. Spring-
field Consol. Ry., 145 111. App. 564,
affirmed, 240 111. 12, 88 N. E. 180.
$3,000, permanent impairment of
earning capacity. Wesley v. Chicago,
St. P. & K. C. Ry., 84 la. 441, 51 N. W.
163.
$3,000, permanent impairment of
earning capacity. Nicholson C. M. Co.
V. Moulden, 143 Ky. 348, 136 S. W. 621.
$3,000, permanent injury and im-
pairment of earning capacity. Galves-
ton, H. & S. A. Ry. V. Garcia, 45 Tex.
Civ. App. 229, 100 S. W. 198.
$3,500, severe burns, permanent im-
pairment of earning capacity. Dow v.
Sunset T. & T. Co., 157 Cal. 182, 106
Pac. 587.
$3,500, permanent and progressive
injuries. Mowbray v. Brooklyn Heights
R. R., 59 App. Div. 239, 69 N. Y.
Supp. 435.
$3,800, injury to spine, probably per-
manent disability. Luper v. Henry, 59
Wash. 33, 109 Pac. 208.
$4,000 (reduced from $5,000), hear-
ing of one ear destroyed, sight im-
paired, ability to work permanently
impaired. Kennedy v. Chicago, M. &
S. P. Ry., 57 Minn. 227, 58 N. W. 878.
$4,000, capacity for labor reduced
one-half. Dillingham v. Richards
(Tex. Civ. App.), 27 S. W. 1061.
$4,200, concussion of brain, perma^
nent injurj'. Peltomaa v. Katahdin
P. & P. Co., 149 Fed. 282.
$4,500 (reduced from $5,500), help-
less and incurable invalid. Partello v.
Missouri Pac. Ry. (Mo. App.), 107
S. W. 473.
$4,500, permanent disability. Baker
V. Hamburg-American Packet Co., 179
Fed. 271.
$5,000, spine injured, leg shortened,
earning capacity permanently reduced.
Ft. Smith, A. & S. Co. v. Nedry (Ark.),
140 S. W. 711.
$5,000, miscarriage, total disability.
Colorado Springs & I. Ry. v. Nichols,
41 Colo. 272, 92 Pac. 691.
$5,000, severe injuries, inabiUty to
work. Chicago, B. & Q. Ry. v. Sulli-
van, 21 111. App. 580.
$5,000, serious injuries, inability to
work. Karczenska v. Chicago, 144 111.
App. 516, affirmed, 239 111. 483, 88 N.
E. 188.
$5,000, injury to spine, inability to
work. Flanagan v. Chicago City Ry.,
145 111. App. 56.
$5,000, injury to ,spine, paralysis.
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Wilkins, 143
Ky. 572, 136 S. W. 1024.
$5,000, disability to follow trade.
Kinney v. Folkerts, 84 Mich. 616, 48
N. W. 283.
$5,000, section hand, disability to
work. Dean v. Kansas City, S. L. &
C. R. R., 199 Mo. 386, 97 S. W.
910.
$5,000, permanent injuries, disability
to earn. Torreyson v. United Rys. Co.,
144 Mo. App. 626, 129 S. W. 409.
$5,000, total disability to work.
Stewart v. St. Louis S. W. Ry., 149
Mo. App. 456, 130 S. W. 441.
$5,000, total disability for ordinary
1 1355
PERMANENT CRIPPLING
2715
damages may be recovered and allowed."* The commonest
work. Mayer v. Liebmann, 16 App.
Div. 54, 44 N. Y. Supp. 1067.
$5,000, permanent impairment of
earning capacity. Davey v. Rhode Is-
land Co., 29 R. I. 49, 68 Atl. 946.
$5,000. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Rodgers (Tex. Civ. App.), 35 S. W. 412.
$6,000, permanent disability to work
at trade. Chicago v. Bork, 128 111. App.
357, affirmed, 227 111. 60, 81 N. E. 27.
$6,000, permanent and increasing
impairment of capacity to work.
Eckels V. Boylan, 136 111. App. 258.
$6,000, disfigurement and permanent
disability of child. Bennett v. Brook-
lyn Heights R. R., 1 App. Div. 205,
37 N. Y. Supp. 447.
$6,000, permanent disability. Bryer
V. Foerster, 7 App. Div. 611, 41 N. Y.
Supp. 617.
$6,166.79, total incapacity. Eicholz
V. Niagara Falls H. P. & M. Co., 68
App. Div. 441, 73 N. Y. Supp. 843.
$6,500, permanent disability for pro-
fession of nurse. Vredenburgh v. N. Y.
C. & H. R. R. R., 58 Hun, 607, 12 N.
Y. Supp. 18.
$6,500, paralysis and total disability.
Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. v. Click (Tex.
Civ. App.), 32 S. W. 226.
$6,500, permanent impairment of
earning capacity. Galveston, H. & S.
A. Ry. V. Waldo (Tex. Civ. App.), 32
S. W. 783.
$6,565, permanent injury and impair-
ment of capacity to labor of married
woman. Miller v. Boone County, 95
Iowa, 5, 63 N. W. 352.
$7,000, third trial, business man com-
pelled to give up business. Southern
Ry. V. Goddard (Ky.), 108 S. W. 890.
$7,000, earning capacity of man of
twenty-seven greatly and permanently
diminished. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Cox (Ky.), 141 S. W. 59.
$7,000, earning capacity of man
greatly and permanently reduced.
Weeks v. Fletcher (R. I.), 71 Atl. 881.
$7,500 (reduced from $9,500), total
disability of strong man. Booker v.
Southwest Mo. R. R., 144 Mo. App.
273, 128 S. W. 1012.
$7,500, total permanent disability of
man of twenty-nine, already of im-
paired ability. Dunkin v. Hoquiam, 56
Wash. 47, 105 Pac. 149.
"* Where the injui-y made the plain-
tiff a cripple, the following verdicts
have been upheld:
$1,000. Weil V. Kreutzer, 134 Ky.
563, 121 S. W. 471.
$1,500. Sidmonds v. Brooklyn
Heights R. R., 69 App. Div. 471, 74
N. Y. Supp. 989.
$1,750. Oohtic Stone Co. v. Ridge,
(Ind.), 91 N. E. 944.
$2,500. Miller v. Canton, 123 Mo.
App. 325, 100 S. W. 671.
$3,200. Poll V. Numa Block Coal
Co., 149 la. 104, 127 N. W. 1105.
$3,500. W. G. Morel & Co. v. Leh-
man, 159 Fed. 124, 86 C. C. A. 512.
$6,000. Freeman v. Ortiz (Tex. Civ.
App.), 136 S. W. 113.
$7,500. Thomas v. Union Ry., 18
App. Div. 185, 45 N. Y. Supp. 920.
$8,000. Heer v. Warren-Scharf
Asphalt Paving Co., 118 Wis. 57, 94
N. W. 789.
$10,000. Foster v. Missouri Pac.
Ry., 115 Mo. 165, 21 S. W. 916.
$12,500. El Paso Electric Ry. v.
Shaklee (Tex. Civ. App.), 138 S.W. 188.
$15,000. Patzke v. Minneapohs & S.
L. Ry., 109 Minn. 97, 129 N. W. 124.
$15,000. International & G. N. R.
R. V. Hugen, 45 Tex. Civ. App. 326,
100 S. W. 1000.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$15,000; reduced to $10,000. Fur-
nish V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 102 Mo. 438,
13 S. W. 1044, 22 Am. St. Rep. 781.
$13,500; reduced to $7,000. Cop-
pins V. New York C. & H. R. R. R., 48
Hun, 292.
2716
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1355
and in some respects the most
$7,660, cppductor of freight tr?,in,
age thirty, permanently disabled from
business. Barker v. Burlington, C. R.
& N. Ry., 88 la. 409, 55 N. W. 316.
$8,000, disfigurement and serious im-
pairment of earning capacity of .man.
St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v. Glqssup, 88
Ark. 225, 114 S. W. 247.
$8,000, leg shortened, curvature of
spine, inability to do hard .work. An-
derson V. Pittsburg Coal Qo., 108 Minn.
455, 122 N. W. 794.
$8,000, permanent injury interfering
with earning power of physician.
Quinn v. O'Keefe, 9 App. Div. 68, 75,
41 N. Y. Supp. 116.
$8,000, disabling brakeman from act-
ing as such, shock to nervous system
and pain. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Stoy, 44 Tex. Civ. App. 448, 99 S. W.
135.
$8,000, injury to spine and chest of
boy of fourteen, earning capacity per-
manently impaired. Ferguson v. Truax,
132 Wis. 478, 110 N.- W. 395, 111
N. W. 657, 112 N. W. 513.
$8,800, bookkeeper, age fifty-eight,
permanent total disability, life short-
ened. Cooper V. St. Paul City Ry., 55
Minn. 134, 56 N. W. 42.
$9,000, permanent incapacity of
minor, destruction of function. Jones
V. Bunker HiU & S. M. & C. Co., 124
Fed. 675.
$9,000, total destruction of earning
capacity of man of fifty-six, earning at
most $1,500 a year. Furman v. Brook-
lyn Heights R. R., 25 App. Div. 133,
49 N. Y. Supp. 194.
$9,000, total inability to pursue trade
of printer, age forty-two. Houston
City St. Ry. v. Medlenka, 17 Tex. Civ.
App. 621, 43 S. W. 1028.
$9,000, negro, age twenty-one, frac-
ture of skull, operation, paralysis, eye-
sight affected, mind impaired, total
inability to work. Texas & N. O. R. R.
!;. McCoy, 54 Tex. Civ. App. 278, 117
S. W. 446.
serious injury of this sort is the
$10,000, loconiptiye .fire?nan, .age
forty-one, pfiralysis apd tptal disability.
Central of Q^. Ry. v. Mote, 131 Ga.
166, 62 S. E. 164.
$10,P00, boy of sijcteen, permanent
helpless invalid. 3- Shoninger Co. v.
Mann, 121 .111. App. 275, affirnjed, 219
m.,242, 76.N. E. 354.
$10,000, woman of thirty, employed
in business,, permanent impairment of
ability to labor. Chicago v. McNally,
128 111. App. 375, a,ffirmed,.227 111. 14,
81 N. E. 23.
$10,000, permanent reduction of earn-
ing capE^city by two-thirds. Wilcke v.
Henrotin, 146 111. App. 481, affirmed,
241 lU. 169, 89 N. E. 329.
$10,000, physician, permanent dis-
ability to practice. Carthage Turn-
pike Co. V. Andrews, 102 Ind. 138, 1
N. E. 364, 52 Am. Rep. 653.
$10,000, manof thirty-five, sight and
hearing impaired, skull fractured, per-
manent incapacity from pursuing voca-
tion. Indianapolis St. Ry. v. Kane, 169
Ind. 25, 80 N. E. 841, 81 N. E. 721.
$10,000, scalding, intense suffering,
deaf, inabihty to do hard work. St.
Louis & S. F. R. Ja. V. McLain, 80 Tex.
85, 15 S. W. 789.
$10,000, locomotive engineer, age
forty-four, peimanently disabled from
pursuing occupation. Texas & N. O.
R. R. V. Middleton, 46 Tex. Civ. App.
497, 103 S. W. 203.
$10,000, healthy man rendered un-
able to do farm work. Missouri, K. &
T. Ry. V. Dunbar (Tex. Qv. App.), 122
S. W. 574.
$10,000, brakeman totally disabled
for manual work, great suffering.
Daniels v. Union Pac. Ry., 6 Utah, 357,
23 Pac. 762.
$10,325, permanent disabiUty and
great suffering. Van Orman ti. Lake
Shore & M. S. Ry., 152 Mich. 185, 115
N. W. 968.
$10,500, woman of thirty-eight, in
business, permanently incapacitated.
§1355
PERMANENT CRIPPLING
2717
crippling of a leg, or some part
Smith «. Spokane, 16 Wash'. 403, 47
Pac. 888.
$11,000, fireman, right arm rendered
useless, permanent injury. Baird v.
New> York- Cent. &~ H. R. R. R., 64
App. Div. 14, 71 N. Y. Supp. 734.
$il,500, young vigorous rtian dis-
abled from manual labor, great pain.
Citizens' Telephone Co. v. Wakefield
(Ky.), 126 S. W. 127.
$1 1,500, brakeman; age twenty-seven;
inability to earn living. Missouri, K. &
T. Ry. V. Chambers, 17 Tex. Civ. App;
487, 43 S. W. 1090.
$12,000, permanent illness and total
disability of man twenty-five years old.
Denhison L. &' I*. Co. v: Patton'(Tex.
Civ. App;), 135 S. W. 1040.
$12,500, perrnarient incapacity frdfti
manual labor' of m'an of forty-five.
Maw V. Coast' Lurriber Co., 19 Ida.
396, 114 Pac; 9;
$12,500, man' of forty-four, physical
wreck," earning power periiiafiently im-
paired. Loiiisville & N. R; R. v.
Smith, 134 Ky. 47, 122 S: W. 806.
$l2,500, physician, loss of faculties,
forced to abandon' practice; Gulf, C.
& S. F. Ry. V. Brown, 16 Tex. Civ. App;
93, 40 S. W. 60S.
$12,500, man of 'fifty-twb' totally in-»
capacitated for work; International &
G. N. R. R. V. Woodward, 26 Tex. Civ.
App. 389, 63S. W. 1051.
112,750, woman of twenty-two, meH-
tal and physical faculties permanently
impaired. Hoskovec v. Omah^St; Ry;,
85 Neb. 2S5, 123 N. W. BOS'.
$14,000, man of fifty-nine, physical
wreck for life. Wallace v: 'Vadutim Oil
Co., 12 N. Y. Supp. 425'.
$14,000, girl of fi'fieen, fractured
skull, intense pain, epileptic, insainity
or death hkely, constant care. 'Van De
Bogart v: Marinette & M. P. Co., 132
Wis'. 367, 112 ^f; W. 443.'
$14,583, brakeman of twen'ty-six,
earning capacity seriously diminished
by injury to spine. Missouri, K. & T.
of it; and many verdicts giv-
Ry. v. Hawley (Tex. Civ. App.), 123
S. W. 726.
$15,000, woman of twenty-nine, con-
flrined' invalid. Chicago Union Tract.
Co. V. May, 125 111! App. 144, affirmed,
221 111. 530, 77 N. E, 933.
$15,000, mental and physical' inca-
pacity of woman. Terre Haute & I. R.
R.V. Sheets, 155 Irid. 74, 56 N. E. 534.
$15,000, incurable paralysis of left
side. Bishop w. St. Paul City Ry., 48
Minn. 26, 50 N. W. 927.
$15,000, hoUse-pAinter deformed, and
permanently incapacitated for labor.
Sfehneider v. Second Ave. R. R., 15
N. Y. Supp. 566.
$15,000, flfeman, twetrty-ofie years
old, spiile injured, incapacitated for
work. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Garrett, 44 Tex. Civ. Apip. 406, 98
S. W. 932.
$15,000, boy of seventeen, serious and
permanent internal injuries and ner-
volls troubles. International & G. N.
R. R. v: Miller (Tex. Civ. App.), 124
S. W; 109;
$15,000, paralysis of woman of
thirty, helpless for' remainder of fife.
Searfe"!). Seattle Consol. St. R. R., 6
Wash. 227, 33 Pac. 389; 1081.
$16,000, man of fifty-five, double
rupture, physical wreck, inability to
perform serious laibor; Freeman v.
Cleary (Tex. Civ. App;), 136 S; W. 521.
$16,500, lawyer of thirty-nine, income
of $7,000 to $^,500, permanent' injury
to throat, permatient loss of iricbtne' of
about' $'4,000 a year. JohnSon v.
Unioh Pac. R. R., 35 Utah, 285, 100
Pac. 390.
$17,000, total physical and mental
wreck. Dupuis v. Sagin'aw'Val'ley Trac.
Co., 146 Mich. 151, 109 N. W. 413.
$18,000, skilled mechanic, thirty 'two
years old, disfigured, permanently un-
able to follow trade as mechanic. Mc-
CuUbugh v: 111. Steel Co., 148 111. App.
566.
$20,000, man of twenty-nine, paraly-
2718
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1355
ing compensation for damages
sis, nerves shattered, sight and hearing
affected. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Nass (Tex. Civ. App.), 57 S. W. 910.
$20,000, man of twenty-nine, perma-
nent injury. Postal T. C. Co. v. Coote
(Tex. Civ. App.), 57 S. W. 912.
$20,000, locomotive engineer of
forty-nine, great pain, paralyzed, total
disability. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Cherry (Tex. Civ. App.), 98 S. W. 898.
$20,000, expert printer, paralyzed
and permanently incapable. Missouri,
K. & T. Ry. V. Bailey, 53 Tex. Civ. App.
295, 115 S. W. 601.
$20,000, switchman, great physical
and mental suffering, invahd for life,
total disability. Galveston, H. & S. A.
Ry. V. Hanson (Tex. Civ. App.), 125
S. W. 63.
$20,000, railroad section man, forty-
three years old, paralyzed, permanent
total incapacity. Tills v. Great North-
ern Ry., 50 Wash. 536, 97 Pac. 737.
$20,000, miner of thirty-seven, per-
manent incapacity and suffering.
Starck u. Washington U. C. Co., 61
Wash. 213, 112 Pao. 235.
123,750, young man crippled by in-
jury to spine, paralysis. Missouri, K.
& T. Ry. V. Farris (Tex. Civ. App.), 120
S. W. 535.
$25,000. Dieffenbach v. New York,
X. E. & W. R. R., 38 N. Y. Supp. 788.
$30,000, man of thirty-six in extensive
business, paralysis and total disabihty
to engage in business. Smith v. Whit-
tier, 95 Cal. 279, 30 Pac. 529.
$30,000, boy of eighteen, sight im-
paired, mutilated, face disfigured, ex-
cruciating pain, total disability. Wa-
ters-Pierce Oil Co. V. Snell, 47 Tex. Civ.
App. 413, 106 S. W. 170.
$30,000, railroad brakeman, complete
paralysis, helpless. Houston & T. C.
R. R. V. Gray (Tex. Civ. App.), 137
S. W. 729.
$40,000, man of twenty-nine, private
secretary, comminuted fracture of
skull, progressive traumatic epilepsy.
of this kind have been consid-
Hughes V. Harbor & S. B. & S. Assoc,
131 App. Div. 185, 115 N. Y. Supp. 320.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$50,000, brakeman, twenty-two years
old, totally incapacitated, died during
trial from broken back; reduced to
$25,000. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v.
Brown, 97 Ark. 505, 140 S. W. 279.
$30,000, fireman crippled for life,
mind unimpaired; reduced to $20,000.
Strand v. Great Northern Ry., 101
Minn. 85, 1 1 1 N. W. 958, 1 12 N. W. 987.
$30,000, disability; reduced to
$20,000. Cleveland H. V. & T. Ry. v.
Shannon, 4 Oh. Cir. Ct. 449.
$30,000, girl of eight; reduced to
$12,000. Mitchell v. Taooma R. & M.
Co., 13 Wash. 560, 43 Pac. 528.
$25,000, man of thirty-one became
physical wreck; reduced to $12,050.
Foley V. Everett, 142 111. App. 250.
$25,000, man of forty-one became
physically helpless; reduced to $20,000.
Waterman v. Chicago & A. R. R., 82
Wis. 613, 52 N. W. 247.
$21,000, woman, partial disability.
Vester v. Rhode Island Co. (R. I.), 67
Atl. 444.
$15,000, young man, earning capacity
partially impaired. Chitty v. St. Louis,
I. M. & S. Ry., 148 Mo. 64, 49 S. W.
868.
$12,000, former partial disability
made total. Louisville & N. R. R.
V. Kingman, 18 Ky. L. Rep. 82, 35
S. W. 264.
$9,000, diminished earning power of
mason's tender who had earned $2 a
day; reduced to $5,000. Morris v.
Eighth Ave. R. R., 68 Hun, 39, 22
N. Y. Supp. 666.
$9,000, woman of fifty-five, house-
keeper; reduced to $6,000. Stone v.
Seattle, 33 Wash. 644, 74 Pac. 808.
$8,000, partly permanent disability.
Campbell v. N. A. Brewing Co., 47
N. Y. Supp. 992.
^ $8,000, permanent injury to unskilled
§ 1355
PERMANENT CEIEPLING
2719
ered."^ In many cases also the court has considered and has
$3,000. Arkansas Lumber Co. v.
Wallace (Ark.), 139 S. W. 534.
$3,500. Rayburn v. Central Iowa
Ry., 74 la. 637, 34 N. W. 621.
$3,500. Napier v. Brooklyn Heights
R. R., 68 App. Div. 200, 74 N. Y.
Supp. 7.
$3,650. Gorham v. Kansas City & S.
Ry., 113 Mo. 408, 20 S. W. 1060.
$4,000. Bryant v. Omaha & C. B.
R. & B. Co., 98 la. 483, 67 N. W. 392.
$4,000. Goins v. Moberly, 127 Mo.
116, 29 S. W. 985.
$4,346.93. Bertsch v. Metropolitan
St. Ry., 68 App. Div. 228, 74 N. Y.
Supp. 238.
$4,500. Foels u. Tonawanda, 59
Hun, 567, 14 N. Y. Supp. 46.
$5,000. Greenway v. Taylor County,
144 la. 332, 122 N. W. 943,
$5,000. Stewart v. St. Louis South-
western Ry., 157 Mo. App. 225, 130
S. W. 441.
$5,000. Galveston H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Parrish (Tex. Civ. App.), 43 S. W.
536.
$5,000. Hoffman v. Rib Lake Lum-
ber Co., 136 Wis. 388, 117 N. W. 789.
$6,000. Chicago & J. E. Ry. v.
Patton, 122 111. App. 174.
$6,000. Molway v. Chicago, 144
111. App. 509, 239 111. 486, 88 N. E.
485.
$6,000. Chamlee v. Planters' Hotel
Co., 155 Mo. App. 144, 134 S. W.
123.
$6,090. Jordan v. Seattle, 30 Wash.
298, 70 Pac. 743.
$6,500. Sellick v. J. Langdon & Co.,
59 Hun. 627, 13 N. Y. Supp. 858.
$6,583.33. Berry v. St. Louis, M. &
S. E. R. R., 214 Mo. 593, 114 S. W.
27.
$7,500. International & G. N. R. R.
V. Clark (Tex. Civ. App.), 125 S. W.
959.
$8,000. Henry v. Sioux City & P.
Ry., 75 la. 84, 39 N. W. 193, 9 Am.
St. Rep. 457.
laborer; reduced to $5,000. Jones v.
Niagara Junction Ry., 63 App. Div.
607, 71 N. Y. Supp. 647.
$7,500, partial incapacity for work;
reduced to $4,000. Heck v. Interna-
tional S. P. Co., 77 N. J. L. 4, 71 Atl.
150.
"* In cases of crippling a leg the fol-
lowing verdicts have been upheld:
$750. Seller v. Levy, 68 Misc. 182,
127 N. Y. Supp. 237.
$1,000. Morgan v. Fremont County,
92 la. 644, 61 N. W. 231.
$1,000. Weil V. Kreutzer, 134 Ky.
47, 121 S. W. 471, 24 L. R. A. (N. S.)
657.
$1,125. Louisville & N. R. R. i-.
Campbell, 122 S. W. 848 (Ky.).
$1,200 (reduced from $2,000) Wash-
ington L. P. Co. V. Goodrich, 110 Va.
692, 66 S. E. 977.
$1,200. Cook V. Chehalis River
Lumber Co., 48 Wash. 619, 94 Pac.
189.
$1,450. Fitzgerald v. Dobson, 78
Me. 659, 7 Atl. 704.
$1,600. Armstrong v. Auburn, 84
Neb. 842, 122 N. W. 43.
$1,650. Larsen v. Sedro-WooUey, 49
Wash. 134, 94 Pac. 938.
$2,000. Consolidated Coal Co. v.
Shepherd, 122 111. App. 323; affirmed
220 111. 123, 77 N. E. 133.
$2,000. Bowling Green Stone Co. v.
Capshaw, 64 S. W. 507, 23 Ky. L. Rep.
945.
, $2,000. Winn v. MetropoUtan St.
Ry., 121 Mo. App. 623, 97 S. W. 547.
$2,000. Biggie v. Chicago, B. & Q.
R. R. (Mo. App.), 140 S. W. 602.
$2,000. Wilcox V. Rhode Island Co.,
29 R. I. 292, 70 Atl. 913.
$2,500. Carey v. Brooklyn Heights
R. R., 124 App. Div. 524, 108 N. Y.
Supp. 1034.
$2,800. Lattimore v. Union E. L. &
P. Co., 128 Mo. App. 37, 106 S. W. 543.
•$3,000. Woodward Iron Co. v.
Sheehan, 166 Ala. 429, 52 So. 24.
2720
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1356
upheld or set aside as excessive vtifdicts for crippling some
part of an arm."*
§ 1356. Loss of a member: leg or foot.
For the loss of a leg, verdicts take a wide range, according to
18,000. Stephens v. Schmidt, 80
N. J. L. 193, 76 Atl. 332.
$8,500. Uren v. Golden Tunnel Min.
Co., 24 Wash. 261, 64 Pac. 174;
$9,000 (of which $1,000 for expenses);
International & G. N. Ry. v. Brett, 61
Tex. 483.
$10,000. Field «: Winheim, 123 111.
App. 227.
$10,000. Galveston v. Posnainsky,
62 Tex. 118, 50 Am. Rep. 617.
$12,000. International & G. N.
R. R. V. Poloma (TeX. Civ. App.), 123
S. W. 1149.
$14,000. Yazoo & M; V. R. R; v.
Scott, 95 Miss. 43, 48 So. 239.
$15,000. Mitchell v. Broadway &
Seventh Ave. R. R., 70 Htm, 387, 24
N. Y. Supp. 32.
$15,000. Chicago City Ry. v. Tay-
lor, 68 111. App. 613.
$20,000. Clark v. St: L. & S. Ry.
(Mo.), 137 S.' W; 583.
$20,000. Lynch t). American Lin-
seed Co., 122- App. Div. 42'8, 107 N. Y.
Supp. 458.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$40,000. St; Lotais;' I. M. & S. Ry.
V. Waren, 65 Ark. 619, 48 S. W.
222.
$18,000; reduced to $'16,000'. San
Antonio & A. P. Ry. v. Coffiiell, 27
Tex. Civ. App. 533, 66 S. W. 246.
$15,000 ; reduced to $10,000. Chitty
V. St. Louis, I; Ml & S; Ry., 166 Mo;
435, 65 S. W. 959.
$15,000; reduced to $8,000; Chap-
man'». Atlantic Ave. R. R., 36 N. Y.
Supp. 1045.
$10,000; reduced to $5,000. Cogs-
well V. West St. &■ N. E. E. Ry., 5
Wash. 46, 31 Pac. 411.
$7,500; reduced to $4,000. Kirby v.
St. Louis' & S. P. R. R. (Mo. App.), 130
S. W. 69.
$5,500; reduced to $3,600. Deht v.
Springfield Trac. Co. (Mo. App.), 129
S. W. 1044.
$5,000; reduced to $4,000. Zeigler v.
Metropolitan St. Ry. (Mo. App.), 134
S; W. 1067.
™ In cases of crippling an arm, or
part' of it, the following verdicts have
been upheld:
$500. Youht V. Strickland, 17 Wyo.
526, 101 Pac; 942.
$1,000. MacMurray v. Sioux City,
150 la. 257, 129 N. W. 950.
$1,000. Kielty v. Buehler-Cooney
Const. Co., 121 Mo. App. 58, 97 S. W.
998.
$1,250. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v.
Sauter, 46 Tex. Civ. App. 309, 103
S. W. 201.
$1,300. Illinois Cent. R. R. v.
Stewart, 130 111. App. 197; affirmed
230 111. 204, 82 N. E. 590.
$1,400. Yellow T. L. Co. v. Ford,
141 Ky. 5, 131 S. W. 1010.
$1,995. Shalgren v. Red Cliff Lum-
ber Co., 95 Minn. 450, 104 N. W.
631.
$2,500. Chicago City Ry. v. Shreve,
128 111. App! 462; affirmed 226 111. 630,
80 N. E. 1049.
$2,500. Graff v. Illinois Steel Co.,
146 111. App; 238.
$2,500. Gregory v. Slaughter, 124
Ky. 345, 99 S. W. 247, 8 L. R. A. (N. S.)
1228.
$3,000. Nicholson C. M. Co. v.
Moulden (Ky.), 136 S. W. 620.
$3,500. Louisville Cooperage Co. v.
Farmer, 109 S. W. 893, 32 Ky. L. Rep.
1110.
§1356
LOSS OF A member: leg or foot
2721
the earning power of the plaintiff, the amount of pain and suf-
fering and of medical expenses, and the nature of the accom-
panying injuries; arid large verdicts have been sustained; "'
"' The following verdicts for loss of
a leg have been upheld:
$2,286. The William Bratafoot, 48
Fed. 914 (S500 of this was for suffering)
$2,500. Williamson v. Brooklyn
Heights R. R., 53 App. Div. 399, 65
N. Y. Supp. 1054.
$3,000. The Iroquois, 113 Fed. 964.
$4,000. Cleveland, C. C. & S. L. Ry.
V. Foland (Ind. App.), 88 N. E. 787.
$4,300. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Pitts (Tex. Civ. App.), 42 S. W. 255.
$5,000. Brophy v. Illinois Steel Co.,
144 111. App. 309, affirmed 242 111. 55,
89 N. E. 684.
$5,500. Chesapeake & O. Ry. v.
Fort.une, 107 Va. 412, 59 S. E. 1095.
$6,000. Hebert v. Kingston Lum-
ber Co., 126 La. 775, 52 So. 1021.
87,000 (reduced from $10,000).
Buckry-Ellis v. Missouri Pac. Ry. (Mo.
App.), 138 S. W. 912.
$7,000. Cosselmon v. Dunfee, 59
App. Div. 467, 69 N. Y. Supp. 271.
$7,500. Com Products Refining Co.
V. King, 168 Fed. 892, 94 C. C. A. 304.
$7,500. Thompson v. Great North-
ern Ry., 79 Minn. 291, 82 N. W. 637.
$7,500. Flaherty v. St. Louis Transit
Co., 207 Mo. 318, 106 S. W. 15.
$8,000. Whalen v. St. Louis, K. C.
& N. R. R., 60 Mo. 323.
$8,000. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Dehnisch (Tei. Civ. App.), 57 S. W.
64.
$8,500. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Price, 48 Tex. Civ. App. 210, 106 S. W.
700.
$8,500. Odegard v. North Wis.
Lumber Co., 130 Wis. 669, 110 N. W.
809.
$9,000. Price & Lucas C. & V. Co. v.
Haley, 125 S. W. 720, 137 Ky. 305.
$9,450 (reduced from $15,000). Sor-
enson v. Oregon Power Co., 47 Ore. 24,
82 Pac. 10.
$3,500. Detzur v. B. Stroh Brewing
Co., 119 Mich. 282, 77 N. W. 948.
$3,500. Sampson v. St. Louis & S.
F. R. R. (Mo. App.), 138 S. W. 98.
$4,000. McCoy v. Milwaukee St.
Ry., 88 Wis. 56, 59 N. W. 453.
$4,500. Robinson v. St. Louis & S.
F. R. R., i33 Mo. App. 101, 112 S. W.
730.
$4,500. Barree v. Cape Girardeau,
132 Mo. App. 182, 112 S. W. 724.
$4,750 (reduced from $7,500).
Nolan V. Stillwater L. Co. (Wash.), 118
Pac. 340.
$4,750. Banderob v. Wisconsin
Cent. Ry., 133 Wis. 249, 113 N. W.
738.
$6,200. Weinhardt v. New Orleans,
125 I-a. 361, 51 So. 286.
$7,500. Pearson v. Alaska Pac. S. S.
Co., 51 Wash. 560, 99 Pac, 753.
$7,922. Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. v.
Seeger (Tex. Civ. App.), 126 S. W.
1170.
$8,000. O'Keefe v. Eighth Ave. R.
R., 33 App. Div. 324, 53 N. Y. Supp.
940.
$9,500. Knapp v. Sioux City & P.
Ry., 71 la. 41, 32 N. W. 18.
$10,000. Cleveland, C. C. & S. L.
R. R. V. Hadley, 170 Ind. 204, 82 N. E.
1025, 16 L. R. A. (N. S.) 527.
In the following cases verdicts were
held excessive:
$25,000. Standard Oil Co. v. Tier-
ney, 92 Ky. 367, 17 S. W. 1025, 36 Am.
St. Rep. 595, 14 L. R. A. 677.
$10,000; reduced to $6,000. Texas
& N. O. R. R. V. Geiger, 55 Tex. Civ.
App. 1, 118 S. W. 179.
$5,000; reduced to $2,000. Cordrey
V. Washington Stevedore Co. (Wash.),
118 Pac. 324.
$4,500. Georgetown W. G. E. &
P. Co. V. Forwood (Ky.), 113 S. W.
112.
171
2722
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1356
On the other hand verdicts have been found excessive in many
$12,000. Akersloot v. Second Ave.
$10,000. Montgomery Traction Co.
V. Knabe, 158 Ala. 458, 48 So. 601.
810,000. Louisiana & A. R. R.
V. Hobbs, 87 Ark. 641, 113 S. W.
46.
$10,000. Pennsylvania Co. v. Reidy,
99 111. App. 477.
$10,000. Momence Stone Co. v.
Groves, 100 III. App. 98.
$10,000. Ecltels V. Edison, 139 111.
App. 75.
$10,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Mitchell, 87 Ky. 327, 8 S. W. 706.
$10,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Popp, 96 Ky. 99, 112, 27 N. W. 992, 16
Ky. L. Rep. 369.
$10,000. HoUenbeck v. Missouri
Pac. Ry., 141 Mo. 113, 38 S. W.
727.
$10,000. Swearingen v. Consol.
Troup Min. Co., 212 Mo. 524, 111
S. W. 545.
$10,000. Garoni v. Compagnie Na-
tional, 14 N. Y. Supp. 798.
$10,000. Houston & T. C. Ry. v.
Kelley, 13 Tex. Civ. App. 1, 34 S. W.
809.
$10,000. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v.
Warner, 22 Tex. Civ. App. 167, 54
S. W. 1064.
$10,000. International & G. N. R.
R. V. Morin (Tex. Civ. App.), 116 S.
W. 656.
$10,000. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Redus, 55 Tex. Civ. App. 206, 118
S. W. 208.
$10,000. Yerkes v. Northern Pac.
Ry., 112 Wis. 184, 88 N. W. 33.
$11,000. Louisville Ry. v. Bryant
(Ky.), 134 S. W. 182.
$11,500. Hill V. Starin, 65 App. Div.
361, 73 N. Y. Supp. 91.
$11,500. Texas & P. Ry. v. Johnson
(Tex. Civ. App.), 34 S. W. 186.
$12,000, second verdict. Missouri
Pac. Ry. V. Mackey, 33 Kan. 298, 6
Pac. 291.
$12,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Schroader, 113 S. W. 874 (Ky.)
R. R., 16 N. Y. Supp. 864.
$12,500. Eichhom v. Central R. R.,
185 Fed. 624.
$12,500. Kentucky Cent. Ry. v.
Ryle, 18 S. W. 938, 13 Ky. L. Rep.
862.
$12,500. Texas & P. Ry. v. Johnson
(Tex. Civ. App.), 34 S. W. 186.
$12,500. Texas & N. O. R. R. v.
Parsons (Tex. Civ. App.), 109 S. W.
240.
$13,500. Parker v. Fairbanks-Morse
Mfg. Co., 130 Wis. 525, 110 N. W.
409.
$13,740. Texas & N. O. Ry. v. Carr
(Tex. Civ. App.), 42 S. W. 126.
$14,000. Galveston, H. & N. Ry. v.
Murphy, 52 Tex. Civ. App. 420, 114
S. W. 443.
$15,000. Central of Ga. Ry. v. Fore-
hand, 128 Ga. 547, 58 S. E. 44.
$15,000. Chicago City Ry. v. Wil-
cox, 33 111. App. 450.
$15,000. Cleveland, C. C. & St. L.
Ry. V. Lynn (Ind.), 95 N. E. 577.
$15,000. Lee v. Powell Bros. &
Sanders Co., 126 La. 51, 52 So.
214.
$15,000. Oglesby v. Missouri Pac.
Ry. (Mo.), 37 S. W. 829.
$15,000. Kalfur v. Broadway F. &
M. A. R. R., 51 N. Y. Supp. 179, 54
N. Y. Supp. 503, 34 App. Div.
267.
$15,000. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Harris, 45 Tex. Civ. App. 542, 101
S. W. 506.
$16,000. Roth V. Union Depot Co.,
13 Wash. 526, 646, 43 Pac. 641, 31 L.
R. A. 855.
$15,000. Bugge V. Seattle Electric
Co., 64 Wash. 483, 103 Pac. 824.
$17,000. Walsh v. New York Cent.
& H. R. R., 140 App. Div. 1, 124 N. Y.
Supp. 312.
$18,000. Murray v. Brooklyn City
Ry., 7 N. Y. Supp. 900.
$18,000. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry.
§1356
LOSS OF A member: leg oe foot
2723
178
cases/" For the loss of both legs very heavy damages have
been allowed."* Much less damages will be permitted in the
V. Hynes, 21 Tex. Civ. App. 34, 50
S. W. 624.
$20,000. Burch v. Southern Pac.
Co., 32 Nev. 75, 104 Pac. 225.
$23,000. Erickson v. Brooklyn
Heights Ry., 11 Misc. 662, 32 N. Y.
Supp. 915.
$25,000. Ehrman v. Brooklyn City
R. R., 14 N. Y. Supp. 336.
$25,000. Reeks v. Seattle Electric
Co., 54 Wash. 609, 104 Pac. 126.
"' In the following cases verdicts
were held excessive:
$35,000; reduced to $25,000. Noakes
V. New York Cent. & H. R. R. R.,
121 App. Div. 716, 106 N. Y. Supp.
522.
$30,000; reduced to $20,000. Fisher
V. Barber (Tex. Civ. App.), 130 S. W.
871.
$25,000. TuUy v. New York & T.
S. S. Co., 42 N. Y. Supp. 29, 11 App.
Div. 630, 42 N. Y. Supp. 1134.
$25,000. Galveston H. & S. A. Ry. v.
Bernard (Tex. Civ. App.), 57 S. W.
686.
$23,071; reduced to $17,500. O'Brien
V. J. G. White & Co., 105 Me. 308,
74 Atl. 721.
$20,320; reduced to $12,000. Alumi-
num Co. V. Ramsey, 89 Ark. 522, 117
S. W. 568.
$20,000; reduced to $15,000. Texas
& N. O. Ry. V. Conway, 44 Tex. Civ.
App. 68, 98 S. W. 1070.
$16,000, third verdict; reduced to
$9,000. Bailey v. Rome, W. & O. R.
R., 80 Hun, 4, 29 N. Y. Supp. 816.
$15,000; reduced to $12,000. Wim-
ber V. Iowa Cent. Ry., 114 la. 551, 87
N. W. 505.
$15,000; reduced to $10,000. Brady
V. Kansas City St. L. & C. R. R., 206
Mo. 509, 102 S. W. 978.
$15,000. Quirk v. Siegel-Cooper Co.,
26 Misc. 244, 56 N. Y. Supp. 49.
$10,000; reduced to $6,000. Bell V.
Globe Lumber Co., 107 La. 725, 31 So.
994.
$9,500; reduced to $6,000. Rangenier
V. Seattle Electric Co., 52 Wash. 401,
100 Pac. 842.
$9,000; reduced to $5,000. Morris v.
Eighth Ave. R. R., 68 Hun, 39, 22
N. Y. Supp. 666.
$8,000. Baker v. Public Service Ry.,
79 N. J. L. 249, 75 Atl. 441.
"» For the loss of both legs the fol-
lowing verdicts have been upheld:
$7,500. Macon & B. Ry. v. Parker,
127 Ga. 471, 56 8. E. 616.
$9,000. Southern Pac. Co. v. Hart,
53 Tex. Civ. App. 536, 116 S. W.
415.
$13,000. Colorado Midland Ry. v.
O'Brien, 16 Colo. 219, 27 Pac. 701.
$15,000. Illinois Cent. R. R. v.
Stewart, 63 S. W. 596, 23 Ky. L. Rep.
637.
$20,000. Pittsburgh, C. C. & St.
L. Ry. V. Simons (Ind.), 79 N. E.
911.
$22,500. St. Louis, S. W. Ry. v.
Cleland, 50 Tex. Civ. App. 499, 110
S. W. 122.
$25,000. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. j,.
Rogers, 93 Ark. 564, 126 S. W. 375,
1199.
$27,500. Union Pacific Ry. v. Con-
nolly, 77 Neb. 254, 109 N. W. 368.
$30,000. Pennsylvania Co. v. Bar-
ton, 130 111. App. 573.
$35,000. Whitehead v. Wisconsin
Cent. Ry., 103 Minn. 13, 114 N. W.
254, 467.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$50,000; reduced to $30,000. Yazoo
& M. V. R. R. V. Wallace, 91 Miss. 492,
45 So. 857.
$30,000. Heddles ». Chicago & N.
W. Ry., 74 Wis. 239, 42 N. W.
237.
2724
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1357
case of loss of a foot ^^ or a p^rt of it,^^' or even for the loss of
two feet.^'^
§ 1357. Loss of a member: arm, hand or finger.
Verdicts for loss erf an arm have been considered; '*' generally
ISO por loss of a foot the following
verdicts have beeA upheld:
$6,950. Elliott V. Newport St. Ry.,
18 R. I. 707, 31 Atl. 694.
$8,000. San Antonio & A. P. Ry. v.
Green, 20 Tex. Civ. App. 5, 49 S. W.
670.
$9,000. Manley v. New York C. &
H. R. R. R., 18 Misc. 502, 42 N. Y.
Supp. 1076.
$10,000. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v.
Sparks, 81 Ark. 187, 99 S. W. 73.
$10,000. Chesapeake & O. Ry. v.
Davis, 60 S. W. 14, 22 Ky. L. Rep.
1156.
$10,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Mitchell, 87 Ky. 327, 8 S. W. 706, 10
Ky. L. Rep. 211.
$10,000. Southern Ry. v. Isom, 92
Miss. 82, 45 So. 424.
$10,500. Chipman v. Union Pac.
R. R., 12 Utah, 68, 41 Pac. 562.
$15,00b. Galvest6n, H. & N. Ry. v.
Newport (Tex. Civ. App.), 65 S. W.
657.
$15,060. Texas & N. O. R. R. v. Mc-
Leod (Tex. Civ. App.), 131 S. W.
311.
$16,<K)0. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry.
V. Abbey, 29 Tex. Civ. App. 211, 68
S. W. 293.
In thte following cases the amount
was held excessive.
$22,500. International & G. N. R,.
R. V. Brice (Tex. Civ. App.), 126 S. W.
613.
$12,500; reduced to $6,000. Blades v.
Des Moihes City Ry., 146 la. 580, 123
N. W. 1057.
$12,000; reduced to $8,000. Kroener
I'. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 88 la. 16,
55 N. W. 137.
$12,000; reduced to $9,000. Chicago,
B. & Q. R. R. V. Krayenbuhl, 70 Neb.
766, 98 N. W. 44.
$10,000. Peri v. New York C. & H.
R. R. R., 87 Hun, 499, 34 N. Y. Supp.
1009.
'*' For the loss of part of a foot the
following verdicts were upheld:
$1,500, big toe. Jacobsen v. Roths-
child, 62 Wash. 127, 113 Pac. 261.
$3,500, three toes, great pain. Lar-
kin V. New York & N. R. R., 19 N. Y.
Supp. 479.
$5,000, second verdict. W. M. Rit-
ter Lumber Co. v. Jordan, 138 Ky. 522,
128 S. W. 596.
$11,000. Jordan v. New York & H.
R. R., 16 Daly 130, 9 N. Y. Supp. 506.
"2 For the loss of both feet the fol-
lowing verdicts were upheld:
$3,000. Chicago & J. E. Ry. v. Bar-
rows, 128 111. App. 11.
$9,600. Texas & N. O. R. R. v.
Buch (Tex. Civ. App.), 125 S. W. 316.
$10,006, and $2,000 additional for
pain. The Ruth, 178 Fed. 749.
The following were held excessive:
$25,000; reduced to $20,000. Wald-
hier v. H. & St. J. R. R., 87 Mo. 37.
$11,620.11 ; reduced to $5,000. Pfef-
fer V. Buffalo Ry., 4 Misc. 465, 24 N. Y.
Supp. 490.
$8,000, one foot and four toes of
other foot; reduced to $4,000. Wood
V. Louisville & N. R. R.^ 88 Fed. 44.
183 pgr loss of an arm the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$2,500. St. Louis I. M. & S. Ry. v.
Holmes (Ark.), 131 S. W. 692.
$5,000. Collins v. Waterbury Co.,
144 App. Div. 670, 129 N. Y. Supp. 661.
$6,000. The Buffalo, 147 Fed. 304.
$6,600. Texarkana Tel. Co. v. Pem-
berton, 86 Ark. 329, 111 S, W. 2'57,
§ 1357 LOSS OF A member: arm, hand Or finger 2725
speaking, of course, greater damages might be expected for
loss of a right arm ^'^ than for loss of a left arm,"^ but
in each case the amount of recovery will be controlled by
other circumstances. For loss of a hand ^*° or of part of a
$6,975. Schmolt v. H. W. Wright
Lumber Co., 145 Wis. 577, 130 N. W.
499.
87,000. Sobieski v. St. Paul & D.
R. R., 41 Minn. 169, 42 N. W. 863.
$8,000. Anglo-American Packing &
P. Co. V. Baier, 31 111. App. 653.
$8,000. CKeefew. Eighth Ave. R.R.,
33 App. Div. 324, 53 N. Y. Supp. 940.
$9,119. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Kirkland, 11 Tex. Qv. App. 528, 32
S. W. 588.
$10,000. South Covington & C. S.
R. R. V. Weber, 82 S. W. 986, 26 Ky. L.
Rep. 922.
$10,000. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. ».
Collins, 24 Tex. Civ. App. 143, 57 S. W.
884.
$10,170. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Cason, 116 S. W. 716 (Ky.).
$12,500. Rodney t;. St. Lpuis, S. W.
Ry., 127 Mo. 676, 28 S. W. 887, 30
S. W. 150.
$14,000. Galveston, H. & H. R. R. v.
Bohan (Tex. ttv. App.), 47 S. W. 1050.
$15,000. Greer i;. Great Northern
Ry. (Minn.), 132 N. W. 6.
The following amounts have been
held excessive:
$20,000; reduced to $12,000. Renne
V. U. S. Leather Co., 107 Wis. 305, 83
N. W. 473.
$15,000 (reduced by trial court from
$25,000); further reduced to $10,000.
O'DonneU v. American Sugar Refining
Co., 41 App. Div. 307, 58 JSf. Y. Supp.
640.
$13,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Lowe (Ky.), 66 S. W. 736.
$10,000 (reduced from $12,500);
further reduced to $7,000. Burdict v.
Missouri Pac. Ry., 123 Mo. 286, 27
S. W. 453, 26 L. R. A. 384, 45 Am. St.
Rep. 528.
$6,000 (fourth verdict); reduced to
$4,500. Vaughn v. Glen Falls Portland
Cement Co., 59 Misc. 230, 112 N. Y.
Supp. 240.
"* For loss of a right arm the follow-
ing verdicts have been upheld:
$6,500. Illinois Cent. R. R. v. Price,
72 Miss. 862, 18 So. 415.
$7,500. Kenny ». Marquette Ce-
ment Mfg. Co., 149 lU. App. 173.
$10,000. St. Louis, S. W. Ry. v.
Groves, 44 Tex. Civ. App. 63, 97 S. W.
1084.
$10,500. Larson v. Haglin, 103
Minn. 257, 114 N. W. 958.
$11,916. Chobanian v. Washburn
Wire Coi., (R. I.), 80 Atl. 394.
$17,500. The Fullerton, 167 Fed. 1,
92 C. C. A. 463.
The following have been held exces-
sive:
$15,000; reduced to $10,000. Silber-
stein I/. Houston, W. S. & P. F. R. R.,
52 Him, 611, 4 N. Y. Supp. 844.
$15,000; reduced to $12,000. Brad-
bury V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry. (la.),
128 N. W. 1.
•*' For loss of a left arm the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$7,000. Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R. v.
Sledge, 68 Kan. 321, 74 Pac. 1111.
$10,000. Waggoner v. Porterfield
(Tex. Qv. App.), 118 S. W. 1094.
$10,000. Baltzer u. Chicago, M. &
N. R. R., 89 Wis. 257, 60 N. W. 716.
$12,000. Lafferty v. Third Ave. R.
R., 85 App. Div. 592^ 83 N. Y. Supp.
405 (affirmed 176 N. Y. 594, 68 N. E.
1118).
The following verdict has been held
excessive:
$12,000; reduced to $7,500. Struble
V. Burlington C. R. & N. Ry., 128 la.
158, 103 N. W. 142.
1^ For loss of a hand the following
verdicts have been upheld:
2726
EXCESSIVE OR iNADEQtTAfE DAMAGES
§1357
hand ^^' the damages must be expected to be less. For the loss
of one or more fingers the amount of damages allowed must in
all cases depend largely on the particular circimistances. '**
$4,000. Whitcofsky v. Weir, 32 Fed.
307.
$4,700. Central R. R. v. DeBray,
71 Ga. 406.
$6,000, right hand. Crosby v. Cuba
R. R., 158 Fed. 144.
$7,500. Sprague v. Atlee, 81 la. 1, 46
N. W. 756.
$8,500, right hand. Glucina v. F. H.
Goss Brick Co., 63 Wash. 401, 115 Pac.
843.
$10,000, left hand. Deegan v. Gutta
Percha & R. M. Co., 131 App. Div. 101,
115 N. Y. Supp. 291.
The following have been held exces-
sive:
$15,000, right hand; reduced to
$10,000. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Brown (Tex. Civ. App.), 140 S. W.
1172.
$10,000 (reduced from $12,000),
Brown v. Southern Pac. R. R., 7 Utah,
288, 26 Pac. 579.
$8,000, left hand. Pittsburgh & L.
E. Ry. V. Blair, 11 Ohio Cir. Ct. 579.
$8,000; reduced to $6,000. Murray v.
Hudson R. R. R., 47 Barb. 196.
^^ $4,120 was held excessive for loss
of part of a hand, and reduced to
$2,000, in Waggoner v. Sneed (Tex.
Civ. App.), 138 S. W. 219.
"* In the following cases damages al-
lowed for loss of one or more fingers
have been upheld:
$1,119.25, one finger, others lacer-
ated. Adams v. Peterman Mfg. Co., 47
Wash. 484, 92 Pac. 339.
$1,500, one finger, hand crushed,
permanent impairment of use. Strong
V. Iowa Cent. Ry., 94 la. 380, 62 N. W.
799.
$1,500, thumb, great pain, permanent
inconvenience and disfigurement. Ong
Chair Co. v. Cook, 85 Ark. 390, 108
S. W. 203.
$1,500, little finger, severe pain.
Rommen v. Empire F. M. Co. (Wash.),
118 Pac. 924.
$2,080, tips of four fingers, earning
capacity impaired. Duskey v. Green
Lake Shingle Co., 51 Wash. 145, 98 Pac.
99.
$2,300, right thumb, fingers injured,
hand weakened. Whalen v. Chicago, R.
I. & P. Ry., 75 la. 563, 39 N. W. 894.
$2,750, forefinger of right hand. San
Antonio & A. P. Ry. v. Muecke, 47
Tex. Civ. App. 380, 105 S. W. 1009.
$2,947.60, middle finger, hand crip-
pled. Lund V. Sargent Mfg. Co., 158
Mich. 3, 122 N. W. 372.
$3,000, forefinger and middle finger
of right hand, much pain. Sailer v.
Friedman Bros. Shoe Co., 130 Mo.
App. 712, 109 S. W. 794.
$3,000, right forefinger. Finkelstein
V. Kramer, 133 App. Div. 565, 118 N.
Y. Supp. 152.
$3,008, three fingers. Rood v. Seattle
El. Co., 55 Wash. 217, 104 Pac. 249.
$3,250, left thumb and right fore-
finger. Bemier v. St. Paul Gaslight
Co., 91 Minn. 214, 99 N. W. 778.
$3,300, two fingers of left hand, two
others crippled. Chapman v. Southern
Pac. Co., 12 Utah, 30, 41 Pac. 551.
$4,000, little finger, right hand dis-
abled, body bruised, much pain. Nib-
lock V. Ann Arbor R. R., 158 Mich.
582, 123 N. W. 35.
$4,500, two fimgers, strength of hand
and arm impaired, plaintiff a musician.
Obom V. Nelson, 126 S. W. 178 (Mo.
App.)
$5,000, three fingers, bums. Walker
V. Sinunons Mfg. Co., 131 Wis. 542, 111
N. W. 694.
$6,000, three fingers, operation re-
quired, wrist stiffened. Mm-taugh v.
New York C. & H. R. R. R., 49 Hun,
456, 3 N. Y. Supp. 483.
$7,250, several fingers, loss of use of
1 1358
biSJFlGttilEMEM'f
2727
§ 1368. Disfigurement.
Permanent disfigurement is sometimes an element in dam-
ages, either increasing the damages ^** or sometimes because it
hand, permanent incapacity. Ft.
Worth & R. G. Ry. v. Bowen (Tex.
Civ. App.), 68 S. W. 700.
$7,500, two fingers, scar on pabn, per-
manent nervousness. Johnson v. Bay
City, 164 Mich. 251, 129 N. W. 29.
$7,500, all fingers of right hand. Mis-
souri, K. & T. Ry. V. Hauer (Tex. Civ.
App.), 33 S. W. 1010.
$9,000 (reduced from $12,000), four
fingers. Phippin v. Missouri' Pac. Ry.,
196 Mo. 321, 93 S. W. 410.
$12,000, two fingers, hand disabled,
pain. San Antonio & A. P. Ry. v.
Beauchamp, 54 Tex. Civ. App. 123, 116
S. W. 1163.
$16,000, one finger right hand, all
fingers of left, plaintiff trained in music.
Murray u. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry. (la.),
133 S.W. 123.
In the following cases the verdict
was held excessive:
$15,000, one finger, bums, temporary
crippling; reduced to $7,500. Cutler v.
Pittsburg S. P. G. M. Co. (Nev.), 116
Pac. 418.
$7,500, four fingers of right hand; re-
duced to $5,000. Campbell v. Wheeli-
han-Weidauer Co., 45 Wash. 675, 89
Pac. 161.
$6,500, right thumb and left fore-
finger. Gray-Meek P. B. Co. v. Mc-
Nally (Ky.), 129 S. W. 299.
$6,500, thumb and forefinger. Kan-
sas Pac. Ry. V. Peavey, 29 Kan. 169, 34
Kan. 472, 8 Pac. 780.
$5,125, three fingers; reduced to
$4,000. Barg v. Bousfield, 65 Minn.
355, 68 N. W. 45.
$5,000 two fingers. Louisville & N.
R. R. V. Foley, 94 Ky. 220, 21 S. W.
866.
$5,000, thumb and one finger of left
hand, hand crippled; reduced to $4,000.
Richardson v. St. Louis & H. Ry., 223
Mo. 325, 123 S. W. 22.
$S,000, two fingers. Barclay v. Puget
S. L. Co., 48 Wash. 241, 93 Pac. 430, 16
L. R. A. (N. S.) 140.
$4,500, right forefinger and part of
thumb; reduced to $3,500. Rittel w;
E. E. Souther Iron Co., 127 Mo. App.
463, 105 S. W. 662.
$4,000, httle finger, hand stiffened,
pain; reduced to $3,000. Mahood v.
Pleasant Valley Coal Co., 8 Utah, 85,
30 Pac. 149.
$4,000, two fingers; reduced to
$3,000. Gagnon v. Klauder-Weldon
D. M. Co., 174 Fed. 477.
$3,500 (reduced from $4,500), two
fingers; reduced to $2,500. Stiller v.
Bohn Manuf. Co., 80 Minn. 1, 82
N. W. 981.
$2,500, one finger; reduced to $1,000.
Ball V. Peterman Mfg. Co., 47 Wash.
653, 92 Pac. 425.
$2,000, thumb. Louisville & N. R.
R. V. Law, 14 Ky. L. Rep. 850, 21 S. W.
648.
$1,800 two fingers; reduced to $1,200.
Gahagan v. Aerometer Co., 67 Minn.
252, 69 N. W. 914.
$1,250, one joint of right thumb.
N. N. & N. V. Co. V. Walker, 14 Ky.
L. Rep. 175.
18' The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$600 for pain and scar. The North
Star, 169 Fed. 711.
$1,000 for pain, expense, and dis-
figured face. Frankfort v. Kendrick
(Ky.), 114 S. W. 289.
$1,200 (reduced from $1,600), for
pain, loss of time, and permanent scars.
O'Callaghan v. Dellwood Park Co., 149
111. App. 34.
$1,500 for pain, expenses, and
scarred face, by girl of eighteen.
Cameron v. Bryan, 89 la. 214, 56
N. W. 434.
$3,000 for pain, loss of taste and
2728
EXCESSIVE Or INADEQtTATE DAMAGES
§1359
furnishes of itself the principal ground for the recovery of
damages. "°
§ 1359. Impairment of sight or hearing.
Verdicts have been exacmined by the courts which gave
compensation for the impairment of sight/^^ for the entire loss
smell, and distorted face. Illinois Val-
ley Ry. V. Haremski, 132 111. App. 423.
$3,000 for permanent lameness and
distorted face. Juul v. Kitsap Transp.
Co., 55 Wash. 156, 104 Pac. 191.
$3,500 for pain, nervous irritation,
and disfigurement. Frank Parmelee
Co. V. Wheelock, 127 111. App. 500.
$3,500 (reduced from $4,500), for
pain and disfigurement of face. Pron-
skeviteh v. Chicago & A. Ry., 232 111.
136, 83 N. E. 545, affirming 135 111.
App. 401.
$4,000 for permanent pain and dis-
figurement of face. Shortridge v. Scar-
ritt Estate Co. (Mo. App.), 130 S. W.
126.
$4,500 for pain, loss of time ten
months, expense, and permanent dis-
figurement. The J. G. Lindauer, 158
Fed. 449.
$5,000 for bodily and mental pain,
permanent disability, and disfigure-
ment. Gurdon & Ft. S. Ry. v. Cal-
houn, 86 Ark. 76, 109 S. W. 1017.
$5,000 for permanent injury and dis-
figurement. St. Louis, I. M. & S. R.
R. V. Price, 83 Ark. 437, 104 S. W. 157.
$6,000 for broken ribs and permanent
disfigurement of face, of young girl
eight years old. Bennett v. Brooklyn
Heights R. R., 1 App. Div. 205, 37
N. Y. Supp, 447.
$7,000 for suffering and permanent
disfigurement of girl sixteen years old.
St. Louis, S. F. & T. Ry. v. Andrews,
44 Tex. Civ. App. 426, 99 S. W. 871.
$15,000 for injury requiring serious
surgical treatment of face, permanent
lameness, and disfigurement of girl
thirteen years old. James v. Oakland
Trac. Co., 9 Cal. App. 21, 103 Pac.
1082.
$16,338.82 for frightful and perma-
nent injury and disfigurement of a
woman. Kenney v. South Shore N. G.
& F. Co., 131 App. Div. 859, 119 N. Y.
Supp. 363.
For injury to brain, permanent in-
jury to health, and deforming scars of
young girl, a verdict of $30,000 was re-
duced to $12,000. Mitchell v. Tacoma
R. & M;. Co., 13 Wa^sh. 560, 43 Pac. 528.
"" Newbury v. Getchel & M. L. &
M. Co., 100 la. 441, 457, 69 N. W- 743,
62 Am. St. Rep. 582.
The following verdicts were upheld
wtere the principal damage was per-
manent deformity:
$700. Gibbs v. Poplar Bluff L. & P.
Co. (Mo- App.), 125 S. W. 840.
$1,500. Cameron v. Bryan, 89 la.
214, 56 N. W. 434.
$2,000. Chicago v. Reid, 141 111.
App. 514.
The following verdict was held ex-
cessive:
$7,000; reduced to $3,000. Kihner v.
Reckitt, 75 App. Div. 180, 77 N. Y.
Supp. 395.
"1 For impairment of sight the fol-
lowing verdicts have been upheld:
$750. Lemoine v. Sullivan (Ark.),
134 S. W. 946.
$2,500, also impairment of hearing.
Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v. Bean, 45
Tex. Civ. App. 52, 99 S. W. 721.
$3,000. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. s.
Sanchez (Tex. Civ. App,), 122 S. W. 44.
$5,000, incapacitated for business.
Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. Hulf (Tex.
Civ. App.), 32 S. W. 551.
$6,500. scalded all over body, ijjtense
pain. Winona Technical Institute v.
Stolte, 173 Ind. 39, 89 N. E. 393.
$9,000, fracture of leg, wrists, and
§1359
IMPAIIMENT Of sight OR HEARING
2729
of sight in one eye/^^ usually accompanied by impairment of
the sight of the other eye; "^ and recovery for total blind-
skull, leg and wrist permanently de-
formed. Welk V. Jackson Architectural
Ironworks, 98 App. Div. 247, 90 N. Y.
Supp. 541.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$10,000, burned and scarred, no per-
manent injury. Kentucky Wagon
Mfg. Co. V. Sha,ke, 137 Ky. 742, 126
S. W. 1095.
$8,000; reduced to $7,000. De La
Vergne R. M. Co. v. Stahl, 24 Tex. Civ.
App. 471, 60 S. W. 319.
$4,650; reduced to $2,500. McGrew.
V. Chicago & M. E. R. R., 142 111. App.
210.
'^^ For loss of an eye the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$2,500. Orscheto v. Scott, 106 Mo.
App. 583, 80 S. W. 982.
$3,682. Potvin v. West Bay City
Shipbuilding Co., 156 Mich. 201, 120
N. W. 613.
$4,400. Sherley v. BiUings, 8 Bush
(Ky.) 147, 8 Am. Rep. 451.
$4,500. Shaver v. 3. Neils Lumber
Co., 109 Minn. 376, 123 N. W. 1076.
$5,000. Texas & P. Ry. v. Bowlin
(Tex. Civ. App.), 32 S. W. 918.
$5,000; pain and operation. Hocking
V. Windsor Spring Co., 131 Wis. 532,
111 N. W. 685.
86,000, disabling injury to head.
Starnes v. Pine Woods Lumber Co., 122
La. 284, 47 So. 607.
$6,500. Dallas & G. Ry. v. Abler, 72
Tex. 150, 9 S. W. 871.
$7,000. Shaw v. Chicago & G. T.
Ry., 123 Mich. 629, 82 N. W. 618, 49
L. R. A. 308.
$7,500. Korzib v. Netherlands-
American S. N. do., 175 Fed. 998.
$10,000, skull crushed, inability to
labor from effects of injurj'. Missouri,
K. & T. Ry. V. Parker, 20 Tex. Civ.
App. 470, 49 S. W. 717.
$11,400, skull fractured, mental and
physical wreck. Cobb v. St. Louis & H.
Ry., 149 Mo. 609, 50 S. W, 894.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$15,000, badly burned; reduced to
$10,000. Ribich v. Lake Superior
Smelting Co., 123 Mich. 401, 82 N. W.
279, 48 L. R. A. 649.
$12,821, disfigurement of face; re-
duced to $7,500. Hajmes v. Maine
Cent! R. R., (Me.), 80 Atl. 38.
193 Pqp iQgg Qf Qng gyg ajj J impairment
of the sight of the other the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$1,000 (reduced from $6,200). Nel-
son V. A. H. Stange Co., 140 Wis. 657,
123 N. W. 152.
$7,000, incapacitated for business.
Chicago Veneer Co. v. Jones (Ky.), 135
S. W. 430.
$7,948, other serious injuries. Haley
V. Solvay Process Co., 127 App. Div.
753, 112 N. Y. Supp. 25.
$8,500, bones of face and skull in-
jured, operation. Wysocki v. Wiscon-
sin Lakes I. & C. Co., 121 Wis. 96, 98
N. W. 950.
$14,400. Vant Hul v. Great Northern
Ry., 90 Minn. 329, 96 N. W. 789.
$25,(K)0, side paralyzed, spine curved,
other injuries. Perkins v. Sunset T.
& T. Co., 155 Cal. 712, 103 Pac.
190.
$30,000, severely burned, scars, arm
stiffened, several operations, total dis-
ability. Commonwealth Electric Co.
V. Rooney, 138 111. App. 275.
A verdict of $15,000 where there were
severe burns, causing loss of time, but
completely cured, was held excessive
and reduced to $12,000; there having
been a former verdict of $8,000. Hardy
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 149 la. 4i,
127 N. W. 1093.
2730
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
1360
ness has also been brought in question."* So the courts have
considered the question of excessive damages for total deaf-
ness "^ and for an impairment of hearing."*
§ 1360. Nervous disorders.
Where the injury causes some sort of nervous disorder, the
amount of recovery may be greatly increased thereby; though
juries appear often to be misled by the indefinite and intangible
nature of the disease to giving verdicts which courts regard as
excessive. Courts have been called upon to pass on the ex-
cessiveness of numerous verdicts in which compensation had
been assessed for neurasthenia, nervous prostration, or trau-
matic neurosis,'" or for nervous shock, hysteria, and many
other forms of nervous disorder."*
"* For total blindness the follow-
ing verdicts have been held excess-
ive:
$37,500. Deep Mining & Drainage
Co. V. Fitzgerald, 21 Colo. 533, 43 Pac.
210.
$9,500; reduced to $8,000. Peterson
V. Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co.,
131 Fed. 156.
196 For deafness the following ver-
dicts have been upheld:
$1,000. American E. & C. Co. v.
Crawford (Ky.), 134 S. W. 448.
$2,500. West Chicago St. R. R. v.
Lups, 74 III. App. 420.
$7,500, eyesight weakened, wound at
base of skull. Ronald v. Pacific Trac-
tion Co. (Wash.), 118 Pac. 311.
For deafness which prevented plain-
tiff, an engineer, from continuing in his
business, a verdict of $25,000 reduced
to $15,000 by the trial court, was held
so excessive as to bear on its face the
evidence of an error which remittitur
could not cure, and it was set aside.
Chicago, R. I. & G. Ry. v. Forrester
(Tex. Civ. App.), 137 S. W. 162.
196 por impairment of hearing the
following verdicts have been upheld:
$2,5(X), four teeth lost. Wilson v.
Chicago City Ry., 144 lU. App. 604.
$4,000 (reduced from $5,000), sight
and memory impaired. Kennedy v.
Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 57 Minn. 227,
58 N. W. 878.
$5,900. Southwestern T. & T. Co.
p. Abeles, 94 Ark. 254, 126 S. W.
724.
"' For neurasthenia or similar ner-
vous disease caused by the defendant
the following verdicts have been up-
held:
$2,500 (reduced from $6,448). Mur-
phy V. South St. Paul, 101 Minn. 341,
112 N. W. 259.
$3,000. Louisville v. Tompkins
(Ky.), 122 S. W. 174.
$4,000. Roe V. MetropoUtan St. Ry.,
131 Mo. App. 128, 110 S. W. 611.
$4,000. Garthley v. Seattle Electric
Co., 49 Wash. 616, 96 Pac. 155.
$5,000. Berger v. St. Paul City Ry.,
95 Minn. 84, 103 N. W. 724.
$5,000 (reduced from $8,500). Fall-
198 For nervous shock, hysteria, or
other nervous disorder resulting from
defendant's wrong, the following ver-
dicts have been upheld;
lS6l
IlSrSANITY AND LOSS OF MENTAL POWER
2731
§ 1361. Insanity and loss of mental power.
Verdicts have been considered where the principal element
R. I. & G. Ry. V. Swann (Tex. Civ.
App.), 127 S. W. 1164.
S12,000; reduced to $8,000. Schwartz-
bauer v. Great Northern Ry., 112
Minn. 356, 128 N. W. 286.
$10,000; reduced to $4,000. Becker
V. Albany Ry., 35 App. Div. 46, 54
N. Y. Supp. 395.
$10,000; reduced to $4,000. Lock-
wood V. Twenty-third St. Ry., 15 Daly,
374, 7 N. Y. Supp. 633.
$5,500. Edwards v. Seattle R. (fe S.
Ry., 62 Wash. 77, 113 Pac. 563.
$5,000; reduced to $3,000. O'Plana-
gan V. Missouri Pac. Ry. (Mo. App.),
129 S. W. 1019.
$4,500; reduced to $3,500. DeCourcy
V. Prendergast Const. Co., 140 Mo.
App. 169, 120 S. W. 632.
$3,000, also diseased heart, injury to
eye and spine. Gay v. Milwaukee E.
R. & L. Co., 138 Wis. 348, 120 N. W.
283.
dm V. Seattle, 57 Wash. 307, 106 Pac.
914.
$7,000. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Farris (Tex. Civ. App.), 126 S. W. 1174.
$8,000. Pierce v. Spokane, 59 Wash.
615, 110 Pac. 537.
$9,500, internal injuries, paralysis.
Crozier v. Minneapolis St. Ry., 106
Minn. 77, 118 N. W. 256.
$16,000, severe attack, danger of
dementia or paresis. St. Louis, I. M.
& S. R. R. V. Osborne, 95 Ark. 310, 129
S. W. 537.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$34,000, mind impaired, partial and
progressive paralysis, lungs injured;
reduced to $27,500. Missouri, K. & T.
Ry. V. Dalton (Tex. Civ. App.), 120
S. W. 240.
$18,000. Chlanda v. St. Louis Tran-
sit Co., 213 Mo. 244, 112 S. W. 249.
$13,000; reduced to $8,000. Chicago,
(Note 198 — continued.)
$800. Robinson v. Marino, 3 Wash.
434, 441, 28 Pac. 752, 28 Am. St. Rep.
50.
$800 (reduced from $1,500) . Pf eiffer
V. Radke, 144 Wis. 430, 129 N. W. 413.
$1,000. Indianapolis T. T. Co. v.
Uhrick, 45 Ind. App. 149, 90 N. E. 321.
$1,000. Lang V. Hill, 151 Mo. App.
685, 138 S. W. 698.
$1,135.45. Des Moineaux v. New
York City Ry., 118 App. Div. 848, 103
N. Y. Supp. 618.
$2,500. Averitt v. Metropolitan St.
Ry., 151 Mo. App. 265, 131 S. W. 752.
$3,750. Colorado Springs Electric
Co. V. Soper, 38 Colo. 126, 88 Pac. 165.
$4,000. Wyman v. Pike, 108 Minn.
481, 122 N. W. 310.
$4,000. Kupke v. St. Louis Tr. Co.,
122 Mo. App. 355, 99 S. W. 472.
$6,400. Kimic v. San Jose-Los Gatos
I. U. Ry., 156 Cal. 273, 379, 104 Pac.
312.
$6,500. Olson v. Great Northern
Ry., 68 Minn. 165, 71 N. W. 5.
$9,000 (reduced from $12,500).
Lake St. Elevated R. R. v. Sandy, 137
111. App. 244.
$10,000, heart diseased, disabled
from work. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry.
V. Worth, 55 Tex. Civ. App. 478, 116
S. W. 365.
$11,500. Savage v. Joseph H.
Bauland Co., 42 App. Div. 285, 58
N. Y. Supp. 1014.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$30,000. Gibney v. St. Louis Tran-
sit Co., 204 Mo. 704, 103 S. W. 43.
$26,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Long, 94 Ky. 410, 22 S. W. 747.
$20,000 (reduced from $30,000).
Partello v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 217 Mo.
645, 117 S. W. 1138.
$20,000; reduced to $7,500. Hamil-
ton V. Great Falls St. Ry., 17 Mont.
334, 42 Pac. 860.
2732
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
1362
of loss was insanity supervening upon the injury,"' or idiocy,^
or at least a permanent loss of mental power, or other mental
trouble. 2"
§ 1362. Shortening of life.
The fact that a physical injury will appreciably shorten the
victim's life, either by resulting in a fatal disease ^^ or by the
general debilitating effect,^"' justifies heavy damages. In
Clay V. Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway ^* a verdict
of $35,000 was given for very severe and painful injuries which
resulted, after suit brought but before verdict, in plaintiff's
death. The verdict was upheld. It was urged that no greater
damages could be recovered than would be allowed for death;
$12,000. Davidson v. St. Ix)uis
Transit Co., 211 Mo. 320, 109 S. W.
583.
$7,500; reduced to $5,000. Lapleine
V. Morgan's L. & T. R. & S. S. Co., 40
La. Ann. 661, 4 So. 875.
$4,500; reduced to $2,500. Hase v.
Seattle (Wash.), 107 Pac. 515.
"' The following verdicts, where the
injury resulted in insanity, were up-
held:
$6,000. Anderson v. Smith, 104
Minn. 40, 116 N. W. 743.
$10,000. Bochat i;. Knisely, 144 111.
App. 551.
$12,000. Cherbuhez v. Parsons, 59
Misc. 613, 111 N. Y. Supp. 616.
™ The following verdicts were up-
held where the plaintiff entirely lost his
mental power as a result of the injury:
$3,600. Chicago U. Tract. Co. v.
Scanlon, 136 Ul. App. 212.
$8,500. Wihnyk v. Second Ave. R.
R., 14 App. Div. 515, 43 N. Y. Supp.
1023.
$10,000. International & G. N. R.
R. D. Dalwigh (Tex. Civ. App.), 56
S. W. 136.
$18,962.88. Alamo D. B. Co. v.
Yeargan (Tex. Civ. App.), 123 S. W.
721.
""1 The following verdicts were up-
held:
$6,000 for permanent impairment of
mental faculties. Powell v. Nevada C.
& O. Ry., 28 Nev. 40, 78 Pac. 978.
$7,000 for injury resulting in incur-
able epileptic convulsions. Romona
O. S. Co. v. Shields, 173 Ind. 68, 88
N. E. 695.
^^ The following verdicts have been
upheld where a fatal disease was caused
by the injury:
$3,000, tuberculosis. Paauhau Sugar
Plantation Co. v. Palapala, 127 Fed.
920, 62 C. C. A. 552.
$3,400, disease of heart. Mont-
gomery Tr. Co. V. Bazeman, 152 Ala.
145, 44 So. 559.
$4,500, tuberculosis. Van Cleve v.
St. Louis, M. & S. E. Ry., 137 Mo.
App. 332, 118 S. W. 116.
$7,500, cancer. Louisville Ry. v.
Steubing (Ky.), 136 S. W. 634.
$15,000, progressive pa,ralysis. San
Antpnio Traction Co. v. Prpbandt (Tex.
av. App.), 125 S. W. 931.
^^ The following verdicts have been
upheld:
$2,500. Yazoo & M. V. R. R. v.
Seattle (Miss.), 49 So. 609.
$8,800. Cooper v. St. Paul City Ry.,
54 Minn. 379, 56 N. W. 42.
$13,625. Sutton v. Snohomish, 11
Wash. 24, 39 Pac. 273.
«>< 104 Minn. 1, 115 N. W. 949.
§ 1363 OTHEE PERMANENT INJURIES 2733
and these were restricted by law to $5,000. Mr. Justice Jag-
gafd> however, held that> the amount of damages not being
restricted in this action, the limit fixed by law for damages for
death had no relation to the amount recoverable. He said:
"There is no dispute that plaintiff's injuries resulted in in-
describable anguish ahd in death. They were as serious as
they could possibly have been. That they were necessarily
fatal, or that only $5,000 could have been recovered by his
administrator for the next of kin, does not constitute any
reason whatever for holding the verdict improper. It has
never been the law in this court that, the worse a servant is
hurt by his master's negligence, the less he can recover. The
fact that death was likely to result does not diminish the ex-
tent of the proper recovery. Plaintiff, surviving the casualty,
had a cause of action totally different from that of his admin-
istrator on his death. For his injury he was entitled to com-
pensation. The greater the injury, the larger should the
verdict be. In the present case, calculations of the value of the
verdict in money, intelligently invested, show that the verdict
was not unreasonable upoii a strictly pecuniary basis."
§ 1363. Other permanent injtxries.
Verdicts for other permanent personal injuries in great
variety have been considered by the courts, and the verdicts
seem to have been usually upheld. ^"^
™' In the following cases verdicts for disability to do housework. State v.
permanent injuries have been upheld: Miller, 180 Fed. 796.
$500, permanent and serious itijuty $1,000, miscarriage, permanent suf-
to arm. Henderson v. White, 49 S. W. fering and mortification. Singer S. M.
764, 20 Ky. L. Rep. 1525. Co. v. Phipps (Ind. App.), 94 N. E.
$500, miscarriage. Big Sandy & C. 79^, 32 Ky. L. Rep. 431.
R. R. v. Slankenship (Ky.), 118 S. W. $1,000, health permanently impaired.
316, 23 L. R. A. (N. S.) 345. • University of Louisville v. Hammock,
$*0 (reduced from $2,000), t)ferima- 127 Ky. 664, 106 S. W. 219, 14 L. R. A.
nent injury to arm, continued pain. (N. S.) 784.
Rock Island v. Larkin* 136 111. App. $1,000, baby contracted blood poi-
579. soning and catarrhal pneumonia, per-
$900, internal injuries, causing per- manently injuring health. Covington
manent weakness. Monongahela R. v. BoUwinkle (Ky.), 121 S. W.
C. C. & C. Co. V. Kramer (Ky.), 121 664.
S. W. 978. $1,500, impaired hearing, great pain,
$1,000, Bight and hearing impaired, inability to do heavy work. St. Louis,
2734
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1364
§ 1364. Doubt as to permanence of injury.
A ^«„K+ „o +,^ tjie permanence of the injury may exist in the
A doubt as to
I. M. & S. Ry. V. Reed, 92 Ark. 350, 122
S. W. 645.
$1,500, spine injured, partial paraly-
sis. Witty V. Springfield Traction Co.
(Mo. App.), 134 S. W. 82.
$1,500, injury to liver and spine.
Ferguson v. Ehret, 14 Misc. 454, 35
N. Y. Supp. 1020.
$1,500, permanent dizziness and
headache. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Allen, 53 Tex. Civ. App. 433, 115 S. W.
1179.
$1,600, injury to leg, hip and back,
continued bad health with headaches.
Western S. C. & F. Co. v. Bean, 163
Ala. 255, 50 So. 1012.
$2,000, bruises, curvature of spine,
wasting of muscles, drooping of shoul-
der. Hanchett v. Haas, 125 111. App.
111.
$2,000, bums leaving scars, legs per-
manently weakened. Asmossen v.
Swift & Co., 148 111. App. 248.
$2,000, permanent scar on leg, prob-
ability of varicose ulcerations. Bayles
V. Savery Hotel Co. (la.), 126 N. W.
808.
$2,000, lower part of body injured,
no control over organs. Louisville Ry.
V. Bohon, 99 S. W. 915, 30 Ky. L. Rep.
862.
$2,000, permanent injury, confined to
bed ten months. Louisville & N. R. R.
V. MacMillan (Ky.), 134 S. W. 185.
$2,000, incurable affection of spine,
permanent suffering. Waldron v. St.
Paul, 33 Minn. 87, 22 N. W. 4.
$2,000, woman, constant hem-
orrhages of stomach. Newbury v.
Great Northern Ry., 109 Minn. 113,
122 N. W. 1117.
$2,000, severe case of varicocele.
McNamara v. Metropolitan St. Ry.,
133 Mo. App. 645, 114 S. W. SO.
$2,000, internal injuries and nervous
disability. O'Donnell v. Hannibal
(Mo. App.), 128 S, W, 819.
$2,000, permanent injury to spine.
Wohlenberg v. Melchert, 35 Neb. 803,
53 N. W. 982.
$2,250, internal injuries. St. Louis
S. W. Ry. V. Freedman, 18 Tex. Civ.
App. 563, 46 S. W. 101.
$2,250. Smalley v. Appleton, 75
Wis. 18, 43 N. W. 826.
$2,500, varicose veins, internal in-
juries and indigestion. Kriainger v.
Creston, 141 la. 154, 119 N. W.
526.
$2,500, internal injuries, continued
bad health. Louisville H. & S. L. Ry.
V. Foulks, 103 S. W. 266, 31 Ky. L. Rep.
632.
$2,500, diseased lung. Donelly ».
St. Paul City Ry., 70 Minn. 278, 73
N. W. 157.
$2,750, neuralgia, permanent weak
side. Fulmore v. St. Paul City Ry., 72
Minn. 448, 75 N. W. 589.
$3,200, tumor, adhesion of lung to
chest. Wynne v. Atlantic Ave. R. R.,
14 Misc. 394, 35 N. Y. Supp. 1034.
$3,500, nervous shock, internal in-
juries, impairment of health. Watkiss
V. Chicago, 146 111. App. 562.
$3,500, hemorrhages, loss of control
of functions. Louisville Ry. v. Worley,
101 S. W. 926, 31 Ky. L. Rep. 96.
$3,500, permanent injury to spine.
Morris v. New York, O. & W. Ry., 73
Hun, 560, 26 N. Y. Supp. 342.
$3,500, leg lengthened, permanent
injury to nervous system. Willis v.
Second Ave. Traction Co., 189 Pa. 430,
42 Atl. 1.
$4,000, permanent injury to health.
Indiana U. T. Co. v. Ohue, 45 Ind. App.
632, 89 N. E. 507.
$4,000, permanent paralysis of shoul-
der muscle and curvature of spine.
Degnan v. Brooklyn City R. R., 14
Misc. 388, 35 N. Y. Supp. 1047.
$4,300, internal injuries, nervousness,
palpitation of heart. Cunningham V,
§1364
DOXJBT AS TO PERMANENCE OF INJURY
2735
minds of the judges who have to pass on the question of ex-
cessiveness. If the verdict is moderate, this doubt will not
Neal, 49 Tex. Civ. App. 613, 109 S. W.
455.
$4,500, chronic invalid, hernia.
Chicago V. Saldman, 129 III. App. 282,
affirmed 225 111. 625, 80 N. E. 349.
$5,000, deaf, rupture, prematurely
old. Chicago Union Tr. Co. v. Lowen-
rosen, 125 111. App. 194, affirmed 222
111. 506, 78 N. E. 813.
$5,000, tuberculous foot, lameness.
Mattoon City Ry. v. Graham, 138 111.
App. 70, affirmed Graham v. M. City
Ry., 234 111. 483, 84 N. E. 1070.
$5,000, hernia, internal injury.
Louisville, H. & St. L. Ry. ;;. Kessee,
103 S. W. 261, 31 Ky. L. Rep. 617.
$5,000. Southern Ry. v. Brewer, 105
S. W. 160, 32 Ky. L. Rep. 43.
$5,000, internal injuries, health per-
manently impaired. Louisville, H. &
St. L. Ry. V. Armstrong (Ky.), 125 S.
W. 276.
$5,000, internal injuries. Price v.
Metropolitan St. Ry., 220 Mo. 435,
119 S. W. 932.
$5,000, stiff neck, constant pain, chin
partially paralyzed. Commercial Tel.
Co. V. Davis, 43 Tex. Civ. App. 547, 96
S. W. 939.
$5,000, bruises, failing health, pain,
inability to work. Texas & G. Ry. v.
Hall (Tex. Civ. App.), 125 S. W. 71.
$5,000, constant suffering and inter-
ference with work. Bitner v. Utah
Cent. Ry., 4 Utah, 502, 11 Pac. 620.
$5,000, permanent injm-y, femoral
hernia. Hodd v. Tacoma, 45 Wash.
436, 88 Pac. 842.
$6,000, permanent invalid, lame,
nervous disorders. Westervelt v. St.
Louis Transit Co., 222 Mo. 325, 121
S. W. 114.
$6,500, inflammation of sciatic nerve,
atrophy of adjacent parts, never well.
Louisville Ry. v. Owens, 97 S. W. 356,
29 Ky. L. Rep. 1294.
$7,500, partial paralysis, functional
derangement, helpless condition, in-
creasing disability. Cumberland T. &
T. Co. V. Overfield, 127 Ky. 548, 106
S. W. 245.
$7,500, skull crushed, mind affected,
pain, continual headache, and dis-
ability. Beave v. St. Louis Transit Co.,
212 Mo. 331, 111 S. W. 52.
$7,500, dislocation of spine, injury
progressive. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Stone (Tex. Civ. App.), 125 S. W. 587.
$8,000, partial paralysis, excruciating
pain. Stomne v. Hanford Produce
Co., 108 la. 137, 78 N. W. 848.
$8,000, face crushed, jaw stiffened,
imperfect nutrition, invalid for life.
Oties V. Cowles E. S. & A. Co., 54 Hun,
635, 7 N. Y. Supp. 251.
$8,000, physical wreck, partially
paralyzed, impaired vision, total in-
capacity. San Antonio & A. P. Ry. v.
Long (Tex. Civ. App.), 28 S. W. 214.
$8,000, spine affected, causing stiff-
ness, aggravating prior hernia. Gal-
veston, H. & S. A. Ry. V. Coker (Tex.
Civ. App.), 135 S. W. 179.
$8,500, rupture, bowel trouble,
ataxia, hemianesthesia, and chronic
peritonitis, permanently impaired
health. Klein v. Atchison, T. & S. F.
Ry., 10 Cal. App. 19, 107 Pac. 147.
$10,000, miscarriage, eyesight and
action of heart impaired. Howland v.
Oakland C. S. Ry., 110 Cal. 513, 42
Pac. 983.
$10,000, permanent internal and
spinal troubles. Barr v. City of Kan-
sas, 121 Mo. 22, 25 S. W. 562.
$11,000, serious irreducible rupture.
Chicago V. GiUett, 91 111. App. 287.
$11,000, permanent invalid. Chi-
cago V. Didier, 131 III. App. 406, af-
firmed Chicago V. Ogden Sheldon &
Co., 227 111. 595, 81 N. E. 698.
$20,000, arm and shoulder injured,
bones of head and shoulder diseased,
brain weakened, sight and hearing im-
2736
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1364
cause the court to set the verdict aside; in fact, the reasonable
possibility of permanent consequences might even enhance the
amount of a verdict.^"* But if the amount of the verdict is
such that it could be justified only if the injury were per-
manent, and serious doubt is felt as to the fact of permanence,
this doubt may be considered in passing upon the excessive-
ness of the verdict.^"'
paired, jawbone broken, epilepsy and
death likely to follow. Sabine & E. T.
Ry. V. Ewing, 7 Tex. Civ. App. 8, 26
S. W. 638.
$25,000, man of thirty-nine, inter-
mittently suffers from pain in head,
sleeps poorly, right side partially
paralyzed, his voice useless, injuries
probably permanent and will ultimately
cause death. St. John v. Northern Pac.
Ry. (Mont.), Ill Pac. 632.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$30,000, paralysis of lower part of
body, no control over functions. Mc-
Kenzie v. North Coast Coll. Co., 55
Wash. 495, 104 Pac. 801, 28 L. R. A.
(N. S.) 1244.
$25,000; reduced to $15,000. De
Wardener v. Metropolitail St. Ry., 1
App. Div. 240, 37 N. Y. Supp. 133.
$15,000, permanent injury to leg; re-
duced to $8,000. Chapman v. Atlantic
Ave. R. R., 14 Misc. 384, 35 N. Y.
Supp. 1045.
$10,000, deformity of foot not seri-
ously interfering with use; reduced to
$5,000. Chicago, R. I. & G. Ry. v.
Swan (Tex. Qv. App.), 130 S. W.
855.
2IW WTiiere a serious injury may be
permanent, the following verdicts have
been upheld:
$400. Weber v. Creston, 75 la. 16,
39 N. W. 126.
$750. Jackson v. St. Paul City Ry.,
74 Minn. 48, 76 N. W. 956.
$1,350. Young v. O'Brien, 36 Wash.
570, 79 Pac. 211.
$1,750. Carlson v. Great Northern
Ry., 106 Minn. 254, 118 N. W. 832.
$2,000. Whitmg v. Eagan, 189 N.
Y. 587, 83 N. E. 1016.
$2,500. Calumet E. S. Ry. v. Jen-
nings, 83 111. App. 616.
$3,000. Curtis v. Barber Asphalt
Paving Co., 44 Wash. 334, 87 Pac. 345.
$3,000 (reduced from $4,000). Gris-
son V. Hofius, 39 Wash. 51, 80 Pac.
1002.
$4,000. The Little Silver, 189 Fed.
980.
$4,000. Bryant v. Omaha & C. B.
R. & B. Co., 98 la. 483, 67 N. W. 392.
$4,000. Covington v. Diehl, 59 S.
W. 492, 22 Ky. L. Rep. 955.
$6,000. St. Louis S. W. Ry. v.
Gresham (Tex. Civ. App.), 140 S. W.
483.
$6,300. St. Louis & S. F. R. R. v.
Richards, 23 Okla. 256, 102 Pac. 92,
23 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1032.
$9,000, tuberculosis which may be
cured. Roenbeck v. Brooklyn Heights
R. R., 123 App. Div. 606, 108 N. Y.
Supp. 80.
$10,000. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
Cook; 12 Tex. Civ. App. 203, 33 S. W.
669.
^ In the following cases the verdict
was held excessive on account of doubts
as to the permanence of the injury:
$15,000. Stevens v. New Jersey &
H. R. liy., 74 N. J. L. 237, 65 Atl.
874.
$12,500; reduced to $8,000. Morri-
son V. Northern Pac. Ry., 34 Wash. 70,
74 Pac. 1064.
$10,500. Illinois Cent. R. R. v.
Houchins, 89 S. W. 530, 28 Ky. L. Rep.
499, 1 L. R. A. (N. S.) 375.
$10,000. Louisville Southern R. R.
§1365
LOSS OF SERVICE
2737
§ 1365. Loss of service.
The estimation of the value of services lost contains many
elements of uncertainty, and the jury has therefore great
latitude in finding a pecuniary equivalent. This is especially
true in the case of loss of service of a wife, where there can be
no possible pecuniary test of the value of consortium and
affection. Large verdicts have therefore been allowed to stand
in such cases. ^"^ For loss of service of a minor child the possi-
ble range of compensation is not so great. ^"^
V. Minogue, 14 S. W. 357, 12 Ky. L.
Rep. 378.
$10,000. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Mattingly, 38 S. W. 686, 18 Ky. L.
Rep. 823.
$10,000. Louis-idlle & N. R. R. v.
Reaume, 128 Ky. 90, 107 S. W. 290.
$9,000. Covington & C. B. Co. v.
Goodnight, 60 S. W. 415, 22 Ky. L.
Rep. 1242.
$9,000. Watson v. Brightwell, 82
S. W. 454, 28 Ky. L. Rep. 887.
$8,750. Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P.
Ry. V. Richardson (Ky.), 140 S. W.
648.
$8,000. Southern Ry. v. Goodard,
97 S. W. 392, 30 Ky. L. Rep. 126.
$7,225. H. P. Phillips & Co. v.
Pruitt, 82 S. W. 628, 26 Ky. L. Rep.
831.
$7,000. Houston & T. C. R. R. v.
Bird (Tex. Civ. App.), 48 S. W. 756.
$5,000; reduced to $1,500. Kansas &
T. C. Co. V. Reed, 1 Ind. Terr. 245, 40
S. W. 898.
$4,000. Bucher v. Wisconsin Cent.
Ry., 139 Wis. 597, 120 N. W. 518.
$3,500; reduced to $1,000. Keddenv.
Public Service Ry. (N. J. L.), 75 Atl.
179.
$3,100. Kennedy v. St. Paul City
Ry., 59 Minn. 45, 60 N. W. 810.
$2,000. Belvidere City Ry. v. Bute,
128 111. App. 620.
208 por loss of service of a wife the
following verdicts have been upheld:
$25, loss of society of wife, who lived
only a few hours after the injury.
172
Chapman v. Pfarr, 145 la. 196, 132
N. W. 957.
$500. State v. Miller, 180 Fed. 796.
$600. El Paso El. Ry. v. Sierra
(Tex. Civ. App.), 109 S. W. 986.
$700. The Little Silver, 189 Fed.
980.
$1,200. Birmingham R. L. & P.
Co. V. Lavender, 158 Ala. 434, 47 So.
1026.
$1,800. Texas T. & T. Co. v. Scott
(Tex. Civ. App.), 127 S. W. 587.
$2,500. Citizens' R. & L. Co. v.
Johns, 52 Tex. Civ. App. 489, 116 S. W.
62.
$3,000. Allen v. Manhattan Ry., 17
N. Y. Supp. 187, 60 N. Y. Super. Ct.
230.
$3,500. Sherman S. & S. Ry. v.
Eaves, 25 Tex. Civ. App. 409, 61 S. W.
550.
$4,571.75. Southern Pac. Co. v.
Blake (Tex. Civ. App.), 128 S. W. 668.
$10,000. Cannon v. Brooklyn City
R. R., 14 Misc. 400, 35 N. Y. Supp.
1039.
$16,000. International & G. N.
R. R. V. SandliQ (Tex. Civ. App.), 122
S. W. 60.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$10,000. Indianapolis T. & T. Co. v.
Menze, 173 Ind. 31, 88 N. E. 929.
$150. Pratt V. Greenwich & J. Ry.,
57 App. Div. 628, 68 N. Y. Supp. 117.
™ For the loss of service of a child
the following verdicts have been up-
held:
2738 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES §§ 1366, 1367
§ 1366. CivU Damage Act.
In some cases the damages awarded under the Civil Damage
Act have been held excessive, as in Franklin v. Schermerhorn.^"
In this case the plaintiff's husband was a cripple, and could
earn but little. He had a pension of |54 a quarter, became
intoxicated and lost $50, and the jury gave the plaintiff $75.
It was held to have been too large, and that the verdict should
have been for $50. But in Roth v. Eppy,"^ where the plain-
tiff brought an action against defendant for sale and gift of
liquors to her husband, whereby he became habitually in-
toxicated and then insane, it was held that $1,200 damages
were not excessive for the injury to her means of support; and
other large verdicts have been upheld.^^^
§ 1367. Damages for death.
Two elements enter into the assessment of damages for
death, even when there is no statutory limit and such dam-
ages are based on general principles of compensation. In the
first place, the actual or potential value of the life in itself is
to be considered: the age, trade or profession, earning capac-
ity, etc., of the deceased. In the second place, there is also to
be taken into account the value of the life of the particular
person; the relationship, the age, poverty, and dependence of
$300. Bredcson r. C. A. Smith Lum- $5,000 (reduced from $7,000). Ala-
ber Co., 91 Minn. 317, 97 N. W. 977. bama G. S. R. R. v. Burgess, 119 Ala.
$640. Chicago U. T. Co. v. Brody, 555, 25 So. 251.
123 111. App. 331. $4,860; reduced to $3,000. McHugh
$825. Cincinnati N. & C. Ry. v. v. Rhode Island Co., 29 R. I. 206, 69
Cooke (Ky.), 121 S. W. 956. Atl. 853.
$1,000. Johnson v. St. Paul & W. C. $4,500. Hurt v. St. Louis, I. M. & S.
Co., 131 Wis. 627, HI N. W. 722. Ry., 94 Mo. 265, 7 S. W. 1, 4 Am. St.
$1,800. Pittsburg, C, C. & S. L. Ry. Rep. 374.
V. Blum (Ky.), 125 S. W. 300. "« 8 Hun, 112.
$1,900. Texas & N. O. Ry. v. Wood =" 80 III. 283.
(Tex. Civ. App.), 24 S. W. 569. "= $1,000. Bennett v. Levi, 19 N. Y.
$2,000. Akersloot v. Second Ave. Supp. 226, 46 N. Y. St. 754.
Ry., 56 Hun, 640, 8 N. Y. Supp. 926. $4,500. Pilkins v. Hans, 87 Neb.
$3,000. Texas & N. O. R. R. v. Mc- 7, 126 N. W. 864.
Leod (Tex. Civ. App.), 131 S. W. 311. On the other hand, in Lahey v. Crist,
$3,250. Birmingham R. L. & P. Co. 130 111. App. 152, a verdict of $3,000
V. Chastain, 158 Ala. 421, 48 So. 85. was held excessive, and reduced to
The following verdicts have been $2,000.
held excessive;
§1367
DAMAGES FOR DEATH
2739
the beneficiary, the disposition of the deceased to use his earn-
ings for the latter's benefit, etc. The existence of these two
diverse elements leads to unusual uncertainty in the amount of
recovery. Thus in actions for the death of a man ^^^ of adult
2" For the death of a man the fol-
lowing verdicts have been upheld:
$500, man of seventy, able to do
light work. Chesapeake & O. Ry. v.
Dupee, 67 S. W. 15, 23 Ky. L. Rep.
2349.
$600, man of seventy-one, able to earn
more than hving. Moore v. Keokuk &
W. R. R., 89 la. 223, 56 N. W.
431.
$1,000, man of twenty-seven, not of
good habits, earning money. Johnson
V. Rochester Ry., 61 App. Div. 12, 70
N. Y. Supp. 113.
$1,100, unmarried man of thirty-five,
salary of $1,800, assisted mother and
sister. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R. v.
Young, 67 Neb. 568, 93 N. W. 922.
$1,324, son of twenty-one, only sup-
port of mother. De Puy v. Cook, 90
Hun, 43, 35 N. Y. Supp. 632.
$1,500, man of fifty, wife and four
children, received fifty cents an hour.
Boden v. Demwolf, 56 Fed. 846.
$1,500, man of forty-three, earning
$150 a month. El Paso & S. W. R. R.
V. Murtle, 108 S. W. 998, 49 Tex. Civ.
App. 273.
$1,600, fireman, paid mother $25 a
month. Chicago & E. R. R. v. Stephen-
son, 33 Ind. App. 95, 69 N. E. 270.
$2,000, unmarried man of thirty-two,
contributed to support of parents.
Grace & Hyde Co. v. Strong, 127 111.
App. 336.
$2,000, vigorous man of thirty-five,
earning $10 to $15 a week. Sipple v.
Laclede Gaslight Co., 125 Mo. App. 81,
102 S. W. 608.
$2,000, unmarried man of twenty-one,
earning $10 a week. Predmore v.
Consumers' L. & P. Co., 99 App. Div.
651, 91 N. Y. Supp. 118.
$2,000, farmer of fiftv-six, supporting
wife and daughters. Choctaw O. & G.
R. R. V. Baskins (Okla.), 93 Pac. 757.
$2,000, son with expectancy of thirty-
six years, contributing $20 a month to
support of mother. Gulf, C. & S. F.
Ry. V. Royall, 18 Tex. Civ. App. 86, 43
S. W. 815.
$2,150, laborer. Chicago, B. & Q.
R. R. V. Blank, 24 111. App. 438.
$2,391.50, man earning $35 a month
and board, sent earnings to parents.
Fordyce v. McCants, 55 Ark. 384, 18
S. W. 371.
$2,400, industrious man of twenty-
one. Chicago, etc., R. R. v. Adler, 28
111. App. 102.
$2,500, deck hand of thirty-eight,
devoting wages to three young children.
Cheatham v. Red River Line, 56 Fed.
248.
$2,500. St. Louis, I. M. & S. R. R.
V. McCain, 67 Ark. 377, 55 S. W. 165.
$2,500, watchman. Savannah, etc.,
R. R. V. Flannagan, 82 Ga. 679, 9
S. E. 471, 14 Am. St. Rep. 183.
$2,600, laborer in brewery. Consoli-
dated Ice Machine Co. v. Kiefer, 26 III.
App. 466.
$2,600, farmer of thirty-three.
Thornton v. Maine S. A. Soc, 97 Me.
108, 63 Atl. 979.
$2,600, unmarried man of twenty-
eight, no evidence ever helped father.
Sieber v. Great Northern R. R., 76
Minn. 269, 79 N. W. 96.
$2,500, man of thirty-eight, comfort-
ably provide^ for wife. Woxland v.
Northwestern C. M. Co., 113 Minn.
440, 129 N. W. 856.
$2,500, unmarried man of twenty-one
intended to take care of parents.
Leque v. Madison G. & E. Co., 133
Wis. 647, 113 N. W. 946.
12,700, laborer of twenty-six, sending
2740
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1367
age the amount of verdicts upheld ranges from small to very
tence for misdemeanor. Tillar v. Rey-
eamings to mother in Sweden. Swan-
son V. Oakes, 93 Minn. 404, 101 N. W.
949.
$3,000, single young man, sole sup-
port of mother and younger brothers,
earning $40 to $50 a month. O'Cal-
laghan v. Bode, 84 Cal. 489, 24 Pac.
269.
$3,000, man left widow and young
child. Falender v. Blackwell, 39 Ind.
App. 121, 79 N. E. 393.
$3,000, laborer, sole support of wife
and three children. Potter v. St. Louis
& S. F. R. R., 136 Mo. App. 125, 117
S. W. 593.
$3,000, unmarried man of twenty-six,
earning $400 a year, never contributed
to support of his relatives. Kane v.
Mitchell Transportation Co., 90 Hun,
65, 35 N. Y. Supp. 581.
$3,000, laborer, earning $1.10 per
day, parents dependent on him. Gal-
veston H. & S. A. Ry. V. Arispe, 5 Tex.
Civ. App. 611, 23 S. W. 928, 24 S. W.
33.
$3,250, coal miner leaving widow.
Northern C. & C. Co. v. AUera, 46
Colo. 224, 104 Pac. 197.
$3,500, longshoreman of thirty-five,
earning $60 a month. The Aurora, 178
Fed. 587.
$3,500 (reduced from $5,000), man of
sixty-five, earning $3.50 to $4.00 a day,
left a widow. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R. v.
Sample, 138 111. App. 95, affirmed.
Sample v. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R., 233
111. 564, 84 N. E. 643.
$3,500, by widow. Voelker v. Hill-
O'Meara Construction Co., 153 Mo.
App. 1, 131 S. W. 907.
$3,500, man of forty, hard worker.
ConkUn v. Tice, 48 Hun, 618, 1 N. Y.
Supp. 803.
$3,500, man of 22Ji, action by
mother. Missouri Pac. Ry. v. Henry,
75 Tex. 220, 12 S. W. 828.
$3,700, man of thirty-one, earning
$50 to $60 a month, most contributed
to plaintiff's support, serving short sen-
nolds, 96 Ark. 358, 131 S. W. 959, 30
L. R. A. (N. S.) 1043.
$3,750, son of twenty-two, contrib-
uted $250 to $350 a. year to mother's
support, earning $1,000. McVeigh v.
Minn. & R. R. Ry., 110 Minn. 184, 129
N. W. 852.
$3,800, section hand of thirty-three,
making living for himself and family.
Gulf, C. & S. L. Ry. v. Duvall, 12 Tex.
Civ. App. 348, 35 S. W. 699.
$4,000, seaman of twenty-six, con-
tributing $300 a year to wife and chil-
dren. Nickerson v. Bigelow, 62 Fed.
900.
$4,000, healthy young man of
twenty-four. Gould Const. Co. v.
Childers, 129 Ky. 536, 112 S. W. 622.
$4,000, unmarried son, intended to
support parents. Bright v. Barnett &
Record Co., 88 Wis. 299, 60 N. W.
418.
$4,200, man of twenty-six, supported
widowed mother. Texas & P. Ry. v.
Lester, 75 Tex. 56, 12 S. W. 955.
$4,334.50, father of plaintiff, seven-
teen years old, who was being educated.
Healy v. Hoy, 112 Minn. 138, 132 N. W.
208.
$4,500, brakeman of thirty-four,
earning $60 to $75 a month, lived with
mother and supported her. St. Louis
& S. F. Ry. V. French, 56 Kan. 584, 44
Pac. 12.
$4,500, strong man of thirty-eight,
provided comfortably for himself and
wife. Woxland v. Northwestern C. M.
Co., 113 Minn. 440, 129 N. W. 856.
$4,995, strong man of twenty-eight,
earning $1.75 a day. Webb v. Denver
& R. G. Ry., 7 Utah, 17, 26 Pac. 981.
$5,000, ship's cook of thirty-nine,
earning $50 a month. In re Humboldt
L. M. Assoc, 60 Fed. 428.
$5,'000, man of fifty-two. Hall v.
North Pass. C. R. R., 134 Fed. 309.
$5,000, industrious man of twenty-
seven, earning $100 a month. South-
§1367
DAMAGES FOE DEATH
2741
large; while on the other hand in a number of cases small
em Pac. Co. v. Wilson, 10 Ari. 162, 85
Pac. 401.
$5,000, man of forty-six, widow and
six children, to whom contributed $700
to $900 a year. St. Louis, I. M. & S.
Ry. V. Raines (Ark.), 119 S. W. 665.
$5,000, laboring man earning $1.50 a
day, leaving widow and two children.
Wightman v. Waade, 54 111. App. 215,
226.
$5,000, industrious young man of
twenty-two, attending college and earn-
ing $2 a day in vacations. Geo. B.
Swift Co. V. Gaylord, 126 111. App. 281.
$5,000, industrious and healthy la-
borer, supporting wife and several
children. Turck v. Chicago, 146 111.
App. 472.
$5,000, postal clerk of fifty, earning
$1,150 a year, leaving widow and two
dependent sons. Malott v. Shimer, 153
Ind. 35, 54 N. E. 101, 74 Am. St. Rep.
278.
$5,000, industrious man of fifty-
eight, earning $10.50 a week. Indian-
apolis T. & T. Co. V. Romans, 40 Ind.
App. 184, 79 N. E. 1068.
$5,000, locomotive engineer of forty-
one, earning $1,600 a year, leaving
widow and dependent children. Pitts-
burg, C, C. & S. L. Ry. V. Sudhoff, 173
Ind. 314, 90 N. E. 467.
$5,000, brakeman of twenty-five,
earning $55 a month. Lowe v. Chicago,
S. P., M. & O. Ry., 89 la. 420, 56
N. W. 519.
$5,000, man of forty-nine, earning $8
a week. Louisville Water Co. v. Phil-
lips, 28 Ky. L. Rep. 557, 89 S. W. 700.
$5,000, man of middle life, earning
good wages, left wife and family.
BoUnger v. St. Paul & D. R. R., 36
Minn. 418, 31 N. W. 856, 1 Am. St.
Rep. 680.
$5,000, industrious man earning
$2.25 a day, left wife and several chil-
dren. Peteraon v. Merchants' Elevator
Co., Ill Minn. 105, 126 N. W. 534, 27
L. R. A. (N. S.) 816.
$5,000, steamboat engineer, plaintiff,
his mother, dependent upon him, third
trial. Erwin v. Neversink S. B. Co.,
23 Hun, 573.
$5,000, healthy man of thirty-seven.
Johnson v. Long Island R. R., 80 Hun,
306, 30 N. Y. Supp. 318.
$5,000, man of eighty-five. Under-
wood V. Old Colony St. Ry., 31 R. I.
253, 80 Atl. 390.
$5,000, healthy young man who had
been supporting family, out of employ-
ment at time of death. San Antonio
St. Ry. V. Renken, 15 Tex. Civ. App.
229, 38 S. W. 829.
$5,000, farmer of thirty-two, deaf-
mute, supported family and helped
aged mother. International & G. N.
R. R. V. Munn, 46 Tex. Civ. App. 276,
102 S. W. 442.
$5,500, locomotive engineer of fifty-
five, earning $1,200 a year. Western,
& A. R. R. V. Hyer, lis Ga. 776, 39
S. E. 447.
$5,500, man of thirty-three, earning
$75 to $100 a month. Lake Shore & M .
S. Ry. V. Hottman, 25 Oh. Cir. Ct. 140.
$6,000, man of twenty-four contrib-
uted to support of parents. 111. Steel
Co. V. Paige, 136 111. App. 410, aflSrmed,
Paige V. 111. Steel Co., 233 HI. 313, 84
N. E. 239.
$6,000, industrious young man, prin-
cipal support of mother and younger
brothers. Casey v. Kelly-Atkinson
Const. Co.,, 146 111. App. 551, affirmed,
240 111. 416, 88 N. E. 982.
$6,000, man of twenty-one, running
milk wagon, supporting wife and child.
Racine v. Erie R. R., 69 App. Div. 437,
74 N. Y. Supp. 977.
$6,000, man of twenty-five, earning
$12 a week. Sembler v. Cowperthwait,
53 Misc. 28, 103 N. Y. Supp. 979.
$6,000, man of thirty-two, supporting
wife and four children. Texas & P.
Ry. V. Hudman, 8 Tex. Civ. App. 309,
28 S. W. 388.
$6,000, man of twenty-five, earning
2742
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
1367
verdicts have been set aside
$18 to $25 a week. Missouri, K. & T.
Ry. V. WaU (Tex. Civ. App.), 110 S. W.
453.
$6,250, man of fifty-five, earning $500
to $1,200 a year. Pasohall v. Owen, 77
Tex. 583, 14 S. W. 203.
$5,500, young man contributing $30
to $50 a month to mother and invalid
sister. Little Rook & F. S. Ry. v. Voss
(Ark.), 18 S. W. 172.
$6,908.98, industrious man earning
$630 a year. Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Graham, 98 Ky. 688, 34 S. W. 229, 17
Ky. L. Rep. 1229,
$7,000, shipmaster of thirty-five,
earning $100 a month. In re Humboldt
L. M. Assoc, 60 Fed. 428.
$7,000, industrious man of forty-six,
saving money. Ryan v. Oshkosh G. L.
Co., 138 Wis. 466, 120 N. W. 264.
$7,500, railroad engineer of twenty-
five, earning $100 to $130 a month, and
giving most of it to his mother. Baker
V. Philadelphia & R. Ry., 149 Fed. 882.
$7,500, industrious man of fifty-two,
drawing pension of $72 a month. St.
Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v. Maddry, 57
Ark. 306, 21 S. W. 472.
$7,500, section foreman of twenty-
eight, leaving widow and four children.
Mobile, J. & K. C. R. R. v. Hicks
(Miss.), 46 So. 360.
$7,830, miner of forty earning $42 a
month. Atchison, T. & S. F, R. R. v.
Hughes, 55 Kan. 491, 40 Pac. 919.
$8,000, young man earning $2.20 a
day. Hass v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry.,
90 la. 259, 57 N. W. 894.
$8,000, brakeman of twenty-three.
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Mulfinger, 80
S. W. 499, 26 Ky. L. Rep. 3.
$8,000, mail carrier of thirty-five,
earning $50 a month. Louisville & N.
R. R. V. Lucas, 98 S. W. 308, 99 S. W.
959, 30 Ky. L. Rep. 539.
$9,000, sober and industrious man of
twenty-nine. Voelker v. Chicago, M.
& S. P. Ry., 116 Fed. 867.
$0,000, station master of thirty-two.
as excessive, though in most
of good habits and business ability,
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Scott, 108 Ky.
S92, 56 S. W. 674, 22 Ky. L. Rep. 30, 50
L. R. A. 381.
$9,400, industrious young farmer, ex-
pectancy of life of thirty-eight years,
earning $50 a month, left wife and in-
fant child. Pittsburg, C, C. & S. L.
Ry. V. Burton, 139 Ind. 357, 37 N. E.
150, 38 N. E. 594.
$9,500, man of thirty-two, in mail
service, under civil service rules, earn-
ing $1,000 a year. Malott v. Central
Trust Co., 168 Ind, 428, 79 N. E.
369.
$10,000, man of thirty-two, earning
$1,500 a year. The Oceanic, 61 Fed.
338.
$10,000, healthy man with life ex-
pectancy of twenty-five years, contrib-
uting $800 a year to family, St. Louis,
I. M. & S. Ry. V. Sweet, 60 Ark. 550, 31
S. W. 571.
$10,000 ($8,000 for widow and $2,000
for estate), brakeman of thirty-three,
earning $60 a month. Warren & O.
V. R. R. V. Waldrop (Ark.), 123 S. W.
792.
$10,000,, strong man of twenty-two
earning $90 a month. Pulaski G. L.
Co. V. McCUntock, 97 Ark. 318, 134
S. W. 1189, 32 L. R. A. (N. S.) 825.
$10,000, man of thirty-eight, earning
$125 a month. Smith v. Chicago, P. &
S. L. Ry., 143 111. App. 128, affirmed,
236 111. 369, 86 N. E. 150.
$10,000 for death of brakeman.
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Brooks, 83 Ky.
129, 4 Am. St. Rep. 135.
$10,000, telegraph operator of sixty-
one, earning $1,000 a year. Beecher v.
Long Island R. R., 53 App. Div. 324,
65 N. Y. Supp. 642.
$10,000, brakeman of twenty-six,
earning $650 a year, prospects of pro-
motion. Douglass V. Northern Cent.
Ry., 59 App. Div. 470, 69 N. Y. Supp.
370.
$10,000, man of thirty-five earning
§1367
DAMAGES FOR DEATH
2743
of the decided cases a verdict for damages for death has
$1.25 a day. Missouri Pac. Ry. v.
Lehmberg, 75 Tex. 61, 12 S. W. 104,
838.
$10,000 ($5,000 for widow, $5,000 for
infant daughter), locomotive engineer
earning $125 a month. St. Louis, A. &
T. Ry. V. Johnston, 78 Tex. 536, 15
S. W. 104.
$10,000, engineer of twenty-five,
earning $125 a month. Texas & P. Ry.
V. Geiger, 79 Tex. 13, 15 S. W. 214.
$10,000, brakeman of forty, earning
$75 a month, but qualified for higher
position in railroad service. Texas &
P. Ry. V. Robertson, 82 Tex. 657, 17
S. W. 1041, 27 Am. St. Rep. 929.
$10,000 ($5,000 for widow, $5,000 for
minor son). Gulf, C. & S. P. Ry. v. De-
laney, 22 Tex. Civ. App. 427, 55 S. W.
538.
$10,000 ($5,500 for widow, $1,500
each for three minor children), man of
thirty-seven, earning $50 a month.
Houston & T. C. R. R. v. Rutland, 45
Tex. Civ. App. 621, 101 S. W. 529.
$10,000, fireman of twenty-nine,
earning $50 to $75 a month. St. Louis
S. W. Ry. V. Holt (Tex. Civ. App.),
121 S. W. 581.
$11,000 ($5,000 to wife, $3,000 to
each of two children), hostler of forty-
seven, earning $60 a month. Tyler S.
E. Ry. V. McMahon (Tex. Civ. App.),
34 S. W. 796.
$11,490, man of sixty-three, manag-
ing valuable estate. Chicago, R. I. &
G. Ry. V. Trippett (Tex. Civ. App.),
Ill S. W. 761.
$11,750, healthy industrious man of
twenty-seven, earning $75 to $100 a
month. Ft. Worth & R, G. Ry. v.
Wilkinson, 50 Tex. Civ. App. 279, 110
S. W. 470.
$12,000, engineer of thirty-one, earn-
ing $1,300 to $1,500 a year. The
Volund, 181 Fed. 643, 104 C. C. A.
373.
$12,000, manager of insurance com-
pany of thirty-four, salary $2,000.
Stockton V. Pennsylvania R. R., 182
Fed. 282.
$12,000, railroad engineer, $125 to
$175 a month, Vreeland v. Michigan
Cent. R. R., 189 Fed. 495.
$12,000, man of twenty-six employed
in hardware store at $75 a month.
Hale V. San Bernardino V. T. Co., 156
Cal. 713, 106 Pac. 83.
$12,000, structural iron worker of
twenty-nine, earning S4 a day. Con-
rad V. New York Cent. & H. R. R. R.,
137 App. Div. 760, 121 N. Y. Supp.
774.
$12,958, man of thirty-five conduct-
ing profitable business. McCormick v.
Rochester Ry., 133 App. Div. 760, 117
N. Y. Supp. 1110.
$13,500, conductor. Chesapeake &
O. R. R. V. Judd, 106 Ky. 364, 50 S. W.
539, 20 Ky. L. Rep. 1978.
$14,000, man of thirty, earning $80
a month. Tyler S. E. Ry. v. Rasberry,
13 Tex. Civ. App. 185, 34 S. E. 794.
$14,000, man of thirty-one, earning
$80 a month. Texas & P. Ry. v. John-
son, 48 Tex. Civ. App. 135, 106 S. W.
773.
$14,000, man in good health, earning
$1,000 to $1,200 a year. Temple E. L.
Co. V. Halliburton (Tex. Civ. App.),
136 S. W. 584.
$14,500, railroad brakeman of thirty,
earning $40 a month. Louisville & A.
R. R. V. Cox (Ky.), 125 S. W. 1056.
$14,500, head brakeman of thirty-
six, earning $65 a month, wife and child
dependent on him. Gulf, C. & S. F.
Ry. V. Johnson, 10 Tex. Civ. App. 254,
31 S. W. 255.
$15,000, healthy young locomotive
engineer earning $125 a month; third
verdict. Southern Ry. v. Scanlon, 105
S. W. 152, 32 Ky. L. Rep. 38.
$15,000, physician of fifty, income of
$2,000 a year. Ericius v. Brooklyn
Heights R. R., 63 App. Div. 353, 71
N. Y. Supp. 596.
$15,000, stone-cutter of twenty-nine.
2744
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1367
not been set aside as excessive unless it was a remarkably
East Line & R. R. Ry. v. Smith, 65
Tex. 167.
$15,000, head brakeman of thirty,
earning $75 a month, supporting wife
and yomig child. Ft. Worth & R. G.
Ry. V. Kime, 21 Tex. Civ. App. 271, 51
S. W.558.
$15,000 ($7,000 for wife, $4,000 each
for two children), section foreman of
fifty-four, earning .SlOO a month. Gal-
veston, H. & S. A. Ry. V. Perry, 38 Tex.
Civ. App. 81, 85 S. W. 62.
$15,000, bright industrious man of
forty-one, earning $115 a month. Har-
ris V. Puget Sound El. Ry., 52 Wash.
289, 100 Pac. 838.
$15,190, man of twenty-nine, earning
$2,000 a year, leaving wife and infant
child. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v.
Cleere, 76 Ark. 377, 88 S. W. 995.
$16,000, engineer. San Antonio & A.
P. Ry. V. Harding, 11 Tex. Civ. App.
497, 33 S. W. 373.
$16,000, industrious man of thirty-
two, earning $70 to $110 a month, in
line of promotion. Missouri, K. & T.
Ry. V. McDuffey, 50 Tex. Civ. App.
202, 109 S. W. 1104.
$16,500, railroad employee of forty-
three, earning $100 a month. Houston,
E. & W. T. Ry. V. McHale, 47 Tex. Civ.
App. 360, 105 S. W. 1149.
$17,000 ($7,000 for widow, $2,500
each for four children). Galveston, H.
& S. A. Ry. V. Davis, 27 Tex. Civ. App.
279, 65 S. W. 217.
$17,500, railway engineer of forty-
five, earning $150 to $200 a month.
Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. 0. Boyce, 39 Tex.
Civ. App. 195, 87 S. W. 395.
$20,000. Texas Loan Agency v.
Fleming, 18 Tex. Civ. App. 668, 46
S. W. 63.
$20,000, section foreman earning $50
a month. International & G. N. R. R.
I'. McVey (Tex. Civ. App.), 81 S. W.
991.
$20,000, healthy man of thirty-three,
earning $90 a month (formerly $140 a
month), two young children. Texas
& N. O. R. R. V. Walker (Tex. Civ.
App.), 125 S. W. 99.
$20,000, engineer of fire department.
Houston B. & T. Ry. v. O'Leary (Tex.
Civ. App.), 136 S. W. 601.
$21,000, man of twenty-nine, earning
$150 a month, leaving widow and minor
children. Neary v. Northern Pac. Ry.
(Mont.), 110 Pac. 226.
$22,000 ($10,000 for widow, $6,000
to each of two daughters), railroad line-
man of fifty-three, earning $75 a
month. Freeman v. McElroy (Tex.
Civ. App.), 126 S. W. 657.
$25,000, successful business man of
sixty-two, earning $5,000 a year. Stern-
fels i). Metropolitan St. Ry., 73 App.
Div. 494, 77 N. Y. Supp. 309.
$25,000, man of thirty-eight, holding
life position, salary $3,300, supporting
wife and two children. Lane v. Brook-
lyn Heights R. R., 85 App. Div. 85, 82
N. Y. Supp. 1057.
$25,000 ($10,000 for widow, $7,500
for each of two young children), loco-
motive fireman of thirty-six, earning
$80 to $100 a month, in line of promo-
tion. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v. Mit-
chell, 48 Tex. Civ. App. 381, 107 S. W.
374.
$25,000, locomotive engineer of
thirty-one, earning $165 to $175 a
month. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. Wil-
liams (Tex. Civ. App.), 117 S. W. 1043.
$25,000 ($7,000 for wife, $2,000 for
mother, $8,000 for each of two chil-
dren). International & G. N. R. R. v.
White (Tex. Civ. App.), 120 S. W. 958.
$27,000, promoter of sixty-one, earn-
ing over $5,000 a year. Boyce v. New
York C. Ry., 126 App. Div. 248, 110
N. Y. Supp. 393.
$30,000, musician of forty-six, earning
$75 to $100 a month. Jucher v. Whit-
ridge (App. Div.), 128 N. Y. Supp. 233.
$32,000, locomotive engineer of
thirty-five, earning $150 to $225 a
month, leaving wife and three minor
§1367
DAMAGES FOR DEATH
2745
large one."^ There is less variation between verdicts for other
$17,000. Scofield v. Pennsylvania
Co., 149 Fed. 601.
816,000. Cooper v. New York O. &
W. Ry., 25 App. Div. 383, 49 N. Y.
Supp. 481.
$13,500; reduced to $8,000. Creamer
I). Moran Bros. Co., 41 Wash. 636, 84
Pac. 592.
$12,000; reduced to $5,000. Leliman
V. Louisiana R. W. Co., 37 La. Ann.
705.
$10,000; reduced to $6,000. Felt v.
Puget Sound El. Ry., 175 Fed. 477.
$10,000; reduced to $4,826. Latch-
timacker v. Jacksonville T. & W. Co.,
181 Fed. 276.
$10,000; reduced to $8,000. St.
Louis & N. A. Co. V. Mathis, 76 Ark.
185, 91 S. W. 763, 113 Am. St. Rep. 85.
$10,000; reduced to $5,000. Rose v.
Des Moines V. R. R., 39 la. 246.
$10,000 sufficient. Stevens v. Union
Ry., 176 N. Y. 607, 68 N. E. 1125,
affirming 75 App. Div. 602, 78 N. Y.
Supp. 624.
810,000; reduced to $6,586.73. Stil-
lings V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 84 App.
Div. 201, 82 N. Y. Supp. 726.
$10,000 sufficient. Gorman v. Hand
Brewing Co., 28 R. I. 180, 66 Atl. 209.
$10,000; reduced to $6,000. Vowell
V. Issaquah Coal Co., 31 Wash. 103, 71
Pac. 725.
$9,395.95. McAdory v. Louisville &
N. R. R., 94 Ala. 272, 10 So. 507.
$8,721; reduced to $5,000. O'Connor
V. Union Ry., 67 App. Div. 99, 73 N.
Y. Supp. 606.
.$8,250; reduced to $6,000. Engvall
V. Des Moines City Ry., 145 la. 560,
121 N. W. 12.
$8,000; reduced to $5,000. St. Louis,
I. M. & S. Ry. V. Caraway, 77 Ark. 405,
91 S. W. 749.
$8,000. Harrison v. Sutter St. R. R.,
116 Cal. 156, 47 Pac. 1079.
$8,000; reduced to $4,000. Atchison,
T. & S. F. Ry. V. Van Belle, 26 Tex.
Civ. App. 511, 64 S.W. 397.
children. Houston & T. C. R. R. v.
Davenport (Tex. Civ. App.), 110 S. W.
150.
$40,000, man of middle age, in good
health, earning $10,000 a year. Cun-
ningham V. Mutual Reserve Life Ins.
Co., 125 App. Div. 688, 109 N. Y.
Supp. 1070.
^" For the death of a man the follow-
ing verdicts have been held excessive:
$40,000; reduced to $15,000. Sergy
V. Helena L. & R. Co. (Mont.), 102
Pac. 310.
$32,500 ; reduced to $25,000. Kansas
City S. Ry. v. Henrie, 87 Ark. 443, 112
S. W. 967.
$27,306.12; reduced to 810,996.95.
Scarpati v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 69
App. Div. 609, 74 N. Y. Supp. 499.
825,000; reduced to $10,000. Dobyns
V. Yazoo & M. V. R. R., 119 La. 72, 43
So. 934.
825,000; reduced to 812,500. Cum-
berland T. &T.Co. V. Pitchford(Miss.),
30 So. 41.
$22,000; reduced to $15,000. Cool-
idge V. New York, 99 App. Div. 175,
90 N. Y. Supp. 1078.
$20,000; reduced to $15,000. O'Do-
herty v. Postal T. C. Co., 134 App. Div.
298, 118 N. Y. Supp. 871.
820,000 ($10,000 for widow, $5,000
for each of two children). Galveeton,
H. & S. A. Ry. V. Miller (Tex. Civ.
App.), 57 S. W. 702.
$20,000; reduced to $16,000. San
Antonio & A. P. Ry. v. Waller, 27 Tex.
Civ. App. 44, 65 S. W. 210.
818,000; reduced to 812,000. Hoff-
man V. New York C. & H. R. R. R., 42
Misc. 579, 87 N. Y. Supp. 617.
$18,000. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v.
Johnson, 1 Tex. Civ. App. 103, 20 S.
W. 1123.
818,000 (reduced from $27,000); re-
duced to $12,000. Ohrstrom v. Ta^
coma (Wash.), 106 Pac. 629.
$17,545; reduced to $6,000. Duke
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 172 Fed. 684.
2746
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1367
deaths, as for instance in the case
$7,500. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v.
Robbins, 57 Ark. 377, 21 S. W. 886.
$7,500; reduced to $2,000. Cline v.
Crescent City Ry., 43 La. Ann. 327,
9 So. 122.
$7,500; reduced to $6,000. MoFee
V. Vicksburg R. R., 42 La. Ann. 790,
7 So. 720.
$7,000; reduced to $5,000. Spring-
field E. L. & P. Co. V. Calvert, 134 III.
App. 285, affirmed, 231 III. 290, 83 N.
E. 184.
$7,000. Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v.
McLaughUn, 73 Kan. 248, 84 Pa«. 989.
$7,000; reduced to $4,000. Geiger v.
Worthen & A. Co., 66 N. J. L. 576, 49
Atl. 918.
$6,000; reduced to $2,000. Chicago,
B. & Q. R. R. V. Weber, 121 III. App.
455.
$6,000; reduced to $3,000. Mexican
Nat. R. R. V. Finch, 8 Tex. Civ. App.
409, 27 S. W. 1028.
$5,000; reduced to $1,500. Lind-
strom V. International Nav. Co., 117
Fed. 170.
$5,000. Denver & R. G. R. R. ».
Spencer, 27 Colo. 313, 61 Pac. 606, 51
L. R. A. 121.
$5,000. Leiter v. Kinnare, 68 111.
App. 558.
$5,000; reduced to $1,500. Faul-
kenau v. Rowland, 70 111. App. 20.
$5,000. Klemm v. New York C. &
H. R. R. R., 78 Hun, 277, 28 N. Y.
Supp. 861.
$4,500; reduced to $2,500. Haekett
V. Wisconsin Cent. Ry., 141 Wis. 464,
124 N. W. 1018.
$4,000; reduced to $1,000. Howey
V. New England Nav. Co., 83 Conn.
278, 76 Atl. 469.
$4,000. Chicago & E. I. R. R. v.
Vestor (Ind. App.), 93 N. E. 1039.
$4,000. Memphis St. Ry. v. Berry,
llSTenn. 581, 102 S. W. 85.
$4,000. Rudiger v. Chicago, S. P. M.
& O. Ry., 101 Wis. 292, 77 N. W. 169.
$3,600 sufficient. Garbaccia v. Jer-
of death of an adult woman,"*
aey City H. & P. Ry. (N. J. L.), 53 Atl.
707.
$3,500; reduced to $2,500. Hirsch-
kovitz V. Pennsylvania R. R., 138 Fed.
438.
$3,500; reduced to $2,000. Swanson
V. Union Stock Yard Co. (Neb.), 131
N. W. 594.
$3,500; reduced to $1,500. Innes v.
Milwaukee, 103 Wis. 582, 79 N. W. 783.
$3,000. Wagner v. H. Clausen &
Son B. Co. (App. Div.), 130 N. Y.
Supp. 584.
$2,500; reduced to $1,650. Louis-
ville & N. R. R. V. Trammell, 93 Ala.
350, 9 So. 870.
$2,600. Bond Hill v. Atkmson, 16
Ohio Cir. Ct. 470, 9 Oh. Cir. Dec.
185.
$2,000; reduced to $750. McKay v.
New England Dredging Co., 92 Me.
454, 43 Atl. 29.
$1,750. Serenson v. Northern Pac.
R. R., 45 Fed. 407,
$1,600. Conley v. Maine Cent. R.
R., 95 Me. 149, 49 Atl. 668.
$1,500. Chicago Terminal Transfer
R. R. V. Helberg, 99 111. App. 563.
$1,500. Cherokee, etc., Coal, etc.,
Co. V. Limb, 47 Kan. 469, 29 Pac. 181.
$1,500; reduced to $500. Interna-
tional & G. N. Ry. V. Jones (Tex. Civ.
App.), 60 S. W. 978.
$1,500; reduced to $1,000. Hom-
bough V. Balch, 27 Ont. App. 32, 44.
$1,200; reduced (by plaintiff) to
$1,000. Central R. R. v. Crosby, 74
Ga. 737, 58 Am. Rep. 463.
$500. San Antonio & A. P. Ry.
Engelhorn (Tex. Civ. App.), 62 S. W.
561.
"" For the death of a woman the
following verdicts have been upheld:
$800, woman of sixty-eight, helped
in household work, supported by chil-
dren. Phalen v. Rochester Ry., 31
App. Div. 448, 52 N. Y. Supp. 836.
$1,000, feeble woman of seventy-one.
Chicago V. Kimball, 18 111. App. 240.
§1367
1>aMa6es fOr blSATH
2747
of a girl between seven and twenty-one, ^^^ or of a boy of the
$1,000, strong widow of seventy-
three without dependent children.
Wabash v. Carver, 129 Ind. 552, 29
N. E. 25, 13 L. R. A. 851.
$1,400, by surviving husband and
children. Redfield v. Oakland Consol.
St. R. R., 110 Cal. 277, 42 Pac. 822.
$1,500, widow of seventy-two, living
with children and working. Walls v.
Rochester Ry., 92 Hun, 581, 36 N. Y.
Supp. 1102.
$2,500, woman of fifty-rune, partly
supporting her husband. Chicago &
A. Ry. V. Wilson, 128 111. App. 88, af-
firmed 225 111. 50, 80 N. B. 56.
$3,000, widow of forty-six, living
with three adult sons. Chicago, etc.,
R. R. V. Ptacek, 62 111. App. 375.
$3,000, widow of sixty, only support
of plaintiff, her father, eighty-two
years old. Purcell v. Lauer, 14 App.
Div. 33, 43 N. Y. Supp. 988, 4 N. Y.
Annot. Cas. 129.
$3,500, married woman of thirty-
eight, well educated, assisting husband.
Fisher v. Waupaca E. L. & R. Co., 141
Wis. 515, 124 N. W. 1005.
$4,000, married woman of twenty-
three, earning $400 per year. Denver
& R. G. R. R. V. Gunning, 33 Colo. 280,
80 Pac. 727.
$4,000, daughter of thirty-six, con-
tributing over $300 a year. Bowles v.
Rome, W. & O. R. R., 46 Hun, 324.
$4,500, mother of sixty-two, con-
tributing to support of children. San
Antonio & A. P. Ry. v. Long (Tex. Civ.
App.), 26 S. W. 114.
$5,000, woman of sixty-three, leaving
husband and unmarried daughter.
Lyons v. Second Ave. R. R., 89 Hun,
374, 35 N. Y. Supp. 372, 2 N. Y.
Annot. Cas. 402.
$6,141, daughter, who partly sup-
ported father. Savannah Electric Co.
V. Bell, 124 Ga. 663, 53 S. E. 109.
$10,000, married woman of thirty-
one. Norfolk & W. Ry. v. Munsell, 109
Va. 417, 64 S. E. 50.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$10,000, woman of forty-nine, leav-
ing husband and two sons, reduced to
$7,000. Smith v. Lehigh V. R. R., 61
App. Div. 46, 69 N. Y. Supp. 1112.
$8,000, wife and infant, reduced to
$5,000. Sherman v. Western Stage Co.,
24 la. 515.
$7,500, woman of sixty-three. Med-
inger v. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 6
App. Div. 42, 39 N. Y. Supp. 613.
$7,000, wife of fifty-six, contributing
to support of plaintiffs. Nelson v. Lake
Shore & M. S. Ry., 104 Mich. 582, 62
N. W. 993.
$5,000, sister of forty-five, kept
house for brother; reduced to $2,500,
Rafferty v. Erie R. R., 66 N. J. L. 444,
49 Atl. 456.
$4,140, single woman of twenty-
seven, gave parents $75 per year.
Armour i;. Czischki, 59 111. App.
17.
$4,000, wife of twenty. Mitchell v.
New York C. R. R., 2 Hun, 535.
$3,500, widow of fifty, three adult
children. Mclntyre v. New York C.
R. R., 47 Barb. 515, 1 N. Y. 287.
$2,750, married daughter contrib-
uting $2.50 a week to plaintiff, her
mother. Indianapolis Commercial
Club V. Hilliker, 20 Ind. App. 239, 50
N. E. 578.
$1,000, woman of fifty-nine, no facts
as to pecuniary loss shown. St. Louis
& S. F. R. R. V. Blinn, 10 Kan. App.
468, 62 Pac. 427.
2'« For the desith of a girl from seven
to twenty-one the following verdicts
have been upheld:
$2,000, sixteen year old girl, action
by divorced mother. Wiltse v. Tilden,
77 Wis. 152, 46 N. W. 234.
$3,750, girl of fourteen. Werner v.
Brooklyn E. R. R., 11 App. Div. 86, 42
N. Y. Supp. 846.
$5,000, bright girl of twelve, pro-
ficient in music and needle work. Chi-
2748
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
1367
same age.^^' In the case of an infant another element of un-
cago G. W. R. R. v. Root, 106 111. App.
164.
$12,500, girl fifteen and one-half
years old, stenographer, had position
for two months, earning twenty-five
dollars a month and salary had been
increased. Chesapeake & O. Ry. v.
Ward (Ky.), 141 S. W. 72.
The following verdicts have been
held excessive:
$9,500, girl of twenty, music teacher,
helped parents; reduced to $5,000.
Kellogg V. Albany & H. R. & P. Co.,
72 App. Div. 321, 76 N. Y. Supp. 85,
11 N. Y. Annot. Cas. 50.
$6,000, girl of nineteen; reduced to
$4,000. Seeley v. New York Cent. &
H. R. R. R., 8 App. Div. 402, 40 N. Y.
Supp. 866.
$5,000, girl of seventeen, earning
money but not shown to be contribut-
ing to family. Chicago, etc., R. R. v.
Adamick, 33 111. App. 412.
$4,000, girl sixteen years old, took
care of her father's house, mother dead,
father a laborer, fifty-five years of age;
reduced to $2,500. Dinnihan v. Lake
Ontario Beach Imp. Co., 8 App. Div.
509, 40 N. Y. Supp. 764.
$3,500, for girl of eight; reduced to
$2,500. Wells V. New York C. & H.
R. R. R., 78 App. Div. 1, 78 N. Y.
Supp. 991.
'" For the death of a boy between
seven and twenty-one the following
verdicts have been upheld:
$250, boy of eleven. Snyder v. Lake
Shore & M. S. Ry., 131 Mich. 418, 91
N. W. 643.
$500, bright boy of seven, St. Louis,
etc., R. R. V. Dawson, 68 Ark. 1, 56 S.
W. 46.
$700, boy of nineteen. State v. Miller,
180 Fed. 796.
£150, boy of fourteen. Bourke v.
Cork & M. Ry., 4 L. R. Ire. 682.
$900, boy of fifteen. The Charlotte,
124 Fed. 989.
$1,000, boy of twelve. New York,
etc., R. R. V. Mushbrush, 11 Ind. App.
192, 37 N. E. 954.
$1,000, boy of seven. Indianapolis
T. & T. Co. V. Beckman, 40 Ind. App.
100, 81 N. E. 82.
$1,000, boy of seventeen. Young-
quist V. Minneapolis St. Ry., 102 Minn.
501, 114 N. W. 259.
$1,100, boy of thirteen. Citizens'
St. R. R. V. Lowe, 12 Ind. App. 47, 39
N. E. 165.
$1,525, boy of seven. Omaha v.
Bowman, 63 Neb. 333, 88 N. W. 521.
$1,600, boy of eighteen. The Char-
lotte, 124 Fed. 989.
$1,660, boy of eighteen and one-half.
Dando v. Home Telephone Co., 140
Mo. App. 511, 120 S. W. 644.
$1,700, boy of sixteen. Thompson
V. Johnston Bros. Co., 86 Wis. 576, 57
N. W. 298, 26 L. R. A. 524.
$1,846.46, boy of fifteen, earning four
dollars a week. Franke v. St. Louis,
110 Mo. 516, 19 S. W. 938.
$2,400, boy of fourteen. Post i;.
Ohnsted, 47 Neb. 893, 66 N. W.
828.
$2,500, boy of twenty, earmng
money, had expressed intention to
support mother. Memphis D. & G.
Ry. V. Buckley (Ark.), 138 S. W.
965.
$2,500, boy of seventeen, earning
$1.30 per day. Illinois Cent. R. R. v.
Gilbert, 51 111. App. 404.
$2,850, boy of ten. Omaha v. Rich-
ards, 49 Neb. 244, 68 N. W. 521.
$3,000, boy of nineteen, earning $2.50
a day. Chicago & E. R. R. v. Branyan,
10 Ind. App. 570, 586, 37 N. E. 190.
$3,000 (reduced from $3,500), child
of eight. Farrell v. Chicago, R. I. & P.
R. R., 123 Iowa, 690, 99 N. W. 578.
$3,000, boy of eleven. Union Pac.
R. R. V. Dunden, 37 Kan. 1, 14 Pac.
501.
$3,100, boy of seven. Heinz v. Brook-
lyn Heights R. R., 91 Hun, 640, 36
N. Y. Supp. 675.
§1367
DAMAGES FOR DEATH
2749
certainty is furnished by the fact that the parent is obhged to
$8,000, boy of eight. Vicksburg v.
$3,500, boy of twelve, earning $20 a
month. Lee v. Publishers: Knapp &
Co., 155 Mo. 610, 56 S. W. 458.
$3,500, boy of seven and one-half.
St. Louis, S. F. & T. Ry. v. Bolen (Tex.
Civ. App.), 129 S. W. 860.
$3,500, boy of eighteen. Hayes v.
Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 131 Wis.
399, 111 N. W. 471.
$3,750, boy of seven. Taylor B. &
H. R. R. V. Warner (Tex. Civ. App.),
60 S. W. 442.
$4,000, boy of seven. Golden v. Spo-
kane & I. E. R. R. (Ida.), 118 Pac.
1076.
$4,000, boy of sixteen, expensively
educated, law student. Atchison, T. &
S. F. R. R. V. Fajardo, 74 Kan. 314, 86
Pac. 301, 6 L. R. A. (N. S.) 681.
$5,000, boy of sixteen, clerk in gro-
cery store. Nelson v. Brandford Light-
ing, etc., Co., 75 Conn. 548, 54 Atl.
303.
$5,000, boy of seven. Cicero & P. St.
R. R. ti. Boyd, 95 111. App. 510.
$5,000, boy of foiui;een. Illinois
Cent. R. R. v. Johnson, 123 111. App.
300.
$5,000, boy of fifteen, earning $350
to $500 a year, giving his earnings to
his mother. Commerce C. O. Co. v.
Camp (Tex. Civ. App.), 129 S. W.
852.
$7,500, boy of sixteen. Morris v.
Metropolitan St. Ry., 63 App. Div. 78,
71 N. Y. Supp. 321.
$12,000, for two children of six and
ten. Cherry v. Louisiana & A. Ry., 121
La. 471, 46 So. 596, 17 L. R. A. (N. S.)
505.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$18,000, boy of nine. Illinois Cent.
R. R. V. Watson, 117 Ky. 374, 78 S. W.
175, 25 Ky! L. Rep. 1360.
$12,000, boy of twelve; reduced to
$7,500. McDonald v. Metropolitan St.
R. R., 36 Misc. 703, 74 N. Y. Supp.
367.
McLain, 67 Miss. 4, 6 So. 774.
$7,487, boy of fourteen; reduced to
$2,500. McDonald v. Champion I. &
S. Co., 140 Mich. 401, 103 N. W. 829.
$6,000, boy of eight and one-half; re-
duced to $3,000. Schaffer v. Baker
Transfer Co., 29 App. Div. 459, 51
N. Y. Supp. 1092.
$5,126, boy of twelve; reduced to
$2,000. Rowe v. New York & N. J. T.
Co., 66 N. J. L. 19, 48 Atl. 523.
$5,000, boy of ten. North Chicago
St. R. R. V. Wrixon, 51 111. App.
307.
$5,000; reduced to $2,000. Jackson
V. Consolidated Traction Co., 59 N. J.
L. 25, 35 Atl. 754.
$5,000, boy of seven; reduced to
$3,000. Riley v. Salt Lake R. T. Co.,
10 Utah, 428, 37 Pac. 681.
$4,500, boy of seventeen, contributed
not more than $90 a year. Kerling v.
G. W. Van Dusen & Co., 108 Minn. 51,
124 N. W. 235.
$3,000, boy of nineteen; reduced to
$2,000. Barnes v. Columbia Lead Co.,
107 Mo. App. 608, 82 S. W. 203.
$3,000, boy of sixteen, not likely to
earn more than $20 a month during
minority; reduced to $1,500. May v.
West Jersey & S. R. R., 62 N. J. L. 67,
42 Atl. 165.
$2,500, boy of thirteen, plaintiff,
father, had abandoned family, boy
earned fifty cents a day. Cook v.
American E. C. & S. G. Co., 70 N. J. L.
65, 56 Atl. 114.
$2,118, boy of nineteen; reduced to
$1,500. Stumbo v. Duluth Zinc Co.,
100 Mo. App. 635, 75 S. W. 185.
$1,050, boy of fourteen. Telfer v.
Northern R. R., 1 Vr. (29 N. J. L.)
188.
$900, boy of ten, father had not been
heard from for five years, no other rel-
atives; reduced to $500. Grieve v.
North Jersey St. Ry., 65 N. J. L. 409,
47 Atl. 427.
2750
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1367
support the child during his minority, and the excess of the
probable earning power of the child over the cost of his sup-
port is problematical.^^"
''* For the death of an infant under
seven the following verdicts have been
upheld:
$299.71 each, children of one and
three years. Chapman v. Pfarr, 145 la.
196, 132 N. W. 957.
$375, girl of three and one-half.
Reger v. Rochester R. R., 2 App. Div.
5, 37 N. Y. Supp. 520.
$1,500, child of twenty-one months.
Chicago & A. R. R. v. Logue, 58 111.
App. 142.
$1,578, child of six. Hoon v. Beaver
Valley Traction Co., 204 Pa. 369, 54
Atl. 270.
$2,000, child under five. York v.
Pacific & I. N. Ry., 8 Ida. 574, 69 Pac.
1042.
$2,000 (reduced from $3,750), child
of three. Chicago, etc., R. R. v. Des
Lauriers, 40 111. App. 654.
$2,000, girl of five. Huerzeler v.
Central C. T. R. R., 1 Misc. 136, 20
N. Y. Supp. 676.
$2,000, child of four. Moskovitz v.
Lighte, 68 Hun, 102, 22 N. Y. Supp.
732.
$2,000, boy of eighteen months.
Houston City St. Ry. v. Sciacca, 80
Tex. 350, 16 S. W. 31.
$2,300, boy of six. Strutzel v. St.
Paul City Ry., 47 Minn. 543, 50 N. W.
690.
$2,750, child under six. Gray v. St.
Paul City Ry., 87 Minn. 280, 91 N. W.
1106.
$3,500, boy of six, only child of
widowed mother. San Antonio St.
Ry. V. Watzlavzick (Tex. Civ. App.), 28
S. W. 115.
$4,800, boy over four. De Amado v.
Friedman (Ari.), 89 Pac. 588.
$5,000, boy of six. Chicago City Ry.
V. Strong, 129 111. App. 511, afiirmed,
230 111. 58, 82 N. E. 335.
$5,500, child of two. Galveston, H.
& N. Ry. V. Olds (Tex. Civ. App.), 112
S. W. 787.
$6,000, boy of two. Austin R. T. Ry.
V. CuUen (Tex. Civ. App.), 29 S. W.
256.
In Chicago City Ry. v. Strong, 129
111. App. 511, the court used the fol-
lowing language: "He was an American
youth and every ambition of life was
open to him, and fame and distinction
and high place in this free republic
were not barred to him. The country's
history is replete with names which
shine luminous upon the screen of
fame, who climb into the giddy heights
of prominence and usefulness as the
labor of patriotic endeavor, from as
humble a station in life as that to which
the deceased was bom. What comfort
and financial support he might have
been to his next of kin, we can never
know. What sorrow or charge upon
them he might have come is equally
denied." This line of thought seems to
indicate that other considerations than
those of mere pecuniary loss are allowed
to govern the amount of recovery.
The following verdicts were held ex-
cessive:
$20,000, child of two. Morgan v.
Southern Pac. Co., 95 Cal. 510, 30 Pac.
603, 29 Am. St. Rep. 143, 17 L. R. A.
71.
$10,500, child under four. Louisville
& N. R. R. V. Creighton, 50 S. W. 227,
20 Ky. L. Rep. 1691, 1898.
$6,000, child of four and one-half.
Fox V. Oakland Consol. St. R. R., 118
Cal. 55, 50 Pac. 25, 62 Am. St. Rep.
216.
$5,000, boy of four. Graham v. Con-
solidated Trac. Co., 64 N. 'j. L. 10, 44
Atl. 964, 65 N. J. L. 539, 47 Atl. 453.
$4,000, boy of four; reduced to
$3,000. Hively v. Webster County, 117
la. 672, 91 N. W. 1041.
§1368
INADEQUATE DAMAGES
2751
§ 1368. Inadequate damages.
The forbearance of the court to interfere with the jury is so
great that, in actions of tort, the general rule was once said to
be, that a new trial will not be granted for smallness of dam-
ages, ^i* And it is still true that a new trial will not ordinarily
be granted for this reason, especially where there is no pe-
cuniary standard for the estimate of damages, as where they
are given for pain and suffering; ^2" because juries seldom un-
derestimate the amount of damages.^^' So clearly is this felt
to be the case, that courts are sometimes forbidden by statute
to set aside verdicts in personal injury cases on the ground of
inadequacy. ^^^
But while this is generally true, it is now well settled that if
the jury so far disregard the justice of the case as to give no
damages at all where some redress is clearly due, the court will
interpose. ^^^ So where, in case for negligence, for defendant's
servant driving against the plaintiff, it appeared that the
plaintiff's thigh was broken, and considerable expense in-
curred for surgical treatment; the plaintiff obtained a verdict.
$3,500, girl under four. West Chi-
cago St. R. R. V. Scanlan, 68 111. App.
626.
83,000 (reduced from $5,000) child
of 6J^. Gunderaon v. Northwestern
Elevator Co., 47 Minn. 161, 49 N. W.
694.
$2,000, girl of five; reduced to $1,000,
Fleming v. Lobel (N. J. L.), 59 Atl. 27.
$1,500, boy of four and one-half,
Lehman v. Brooklyn, 29 Barb. 234.
"' Lord Townsend v. Hughes, 2 Mod,
150; Mauricet v. Brecknock, 2 Doug,
509; Hayward v. Newton, 2 Strange,
940; Barker v. Dixie, 2 Strange, 1051
21 Yin. Abr. 486, Trial Y, g.; Lord
Gower v. Heath, Barnes' Notes, 445
Regina v. Justices of West Riding, 1 Q,
B. 624, 631; Hayward v. Newton, 2
Str. 940; Kelly v. Sherlock, L. R. 1 Q. B
686; Howard v. Barnard, 11 C. B. 653
(in which case the point was consid-
ered that the jury had not been in-
fluenced by improper motives); Apps
V. Day, 14 C. B. 112; Bradlaugh v. Ed-
wards, 11 C. B. (N. S.) 377; Kennedy v.
Way, 7 West. L. J. 414. And this was
held especially true when the judge at
Nisi Prius was satisfied with the ver-
dict. Gibbs V. Tunaley, 1 C. B.
640,
220Lufkin V. Hitchcock (Mass.), 80
N. E. 456.
"1 BoUes V. Bloomington & N. R. E.
& H. Co., 130 111. App. 263.
''' Kentucky (for pain) : Netter v.
Louisville Ry., 134 Ky. 678, 121 S. W.
636.
Nebraska: O'Reilly v. Hoover, 70
Neb. 357, 97 N. W. 470; Langdon v.
Clarke, 73 Neb. 516, 103 N. W. 62.
22» Connecticut: Nicholson v. N. Y.
& N. H. R. R., 22 Conn. 74, 56 Am.
Dec. 390.
New York: Clapp v. Hudson River
R. R., 19 Barb. 461 (semble).
England: Rendall v. Hayward, 5 Bing.
(N. S.) 424.
2752 EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES § 1368
damages one farthing; a new trial was granted on payment of
costs ; and Lord Denman said : " A new trial on a mere difference
of opinion as to amount, may not be grantable; but here are
no damages at all." ^^* And it is now settled that a verdict
will be set aside as inadequate for the same reasons that justify
setting a verdict aside if excessive. ^^^
If the entire injury is pecuniary, and the verdict is for less
than the undisputed pecuniary loss, the verdict will be set
aside as inadequate. So on a taking of land where damage
was undisputed a verdict of six cents would be set aside as
inadequate; ^^* and for breach of a contract to sell, a verdict
for $100 was set aside where the undisputed evidence showed
a much greater pecuniary damage. ^^^ So, in trespass, where
the jury had not given the entire value of the property taken,
the verdict was not allowed to stand.^^ And in an action
brought by a seller against a purchaser, to recover damages
for not accepting and paying for the goods sold, the judge set
aside the verdict for the plaintiff, because, although a verdict
for the defendants would not have been disturbed, the dam-
ages found by the jury were less than any of the evidence in
the case justified, if there were any recovery whatever. ^^' In
*2* Armytage v. Halej', 4 Q. B. 917. New Jersey: Wilson v. Morgan, 58
See, also, Cook v. Beal, 1 Ld. Raym. N. J. L. 426, 34 Atl. 762.
176; s. c. 3 Salk. 115; Brown v. Sey- New York: Brown v. Foster, 1 App.
mour, 1 Wils. 5; Austin v. Hilliers, Div. 578, 37 N. Y. Supp. 502.
Hard, 408. Wisconsin: Robinson v. Waupaca, 77
2" Florida: Duncan v. Jackson, 16 Wis. 544, 46 N. W. 809.
Fla. 338. Ireland: Beattie v. Moore, L. R. 2 Ire.
Georgia: Anglin v. Columbus, 128 28, 31.
Ga. 469, 57 S. E. 780. ™ In re Brooklyn U. E. R. R., 95
Illinois: Kilmer v. Parrish, 144 111. App. Div. 108, 88 N. Y. Supp. 426.
App. 270. 2" Daniel v. Allen, 149 111. App. 351.
Iowa: Tathweli v. Cedar Rapids, 122 "zs Porteous v. Hazel, Harp. (S. C.)
la. 50, 97 N. W. 96. 332. So in caae of wrongful use of a
Louisiana: Sullivan v. Vicksburg, S. horse and wagon, where only nominal
& P. R. R., 39 La. Ann. 800, 4 Am. St. damages were given. Gardner v. Baer,
Rep. 239, 2 So. 586; Caldwell v. Vicks- 26 Misc. 181, 56 N. Y. Supp. 1096.
burg, S. & P. R. R., 41 La. Ann. 624, "» McDonald v. Walter, 40 N. Y.
61 So. 217. 551. So in case of personal injury.
Minnesota: Marsh v. Minneapolis B. Saperstone v. Rochester Ry., 25 App.
Co., 92 Minn. 182, 99 N. W. 630. Div. 285, 49 N. Y. Supp. 486. So in
Missouri: Watson v. Harmon, 85 case of injury to property. Kerr v.
Mo. 443; Pritchard v. Hewitt, 91 Mo. Union Ry., 20 Misc. 171, 45 N. Y.
647, 4 S. W. 437, 60 Am. Rep. 265. Supp. 819.
§ 1369 FAILURE TO ALLOW DAMAGES 2753
Wilson V. Hicks, ^•■"' an action on contract, this power was
exercised conditionally upon the plaintiff's relinquishing the
costs of the first trial.
This right will be enforced, particularly in those cases in
which the smallness of the verdict shows that the jury ha.ve
made a compromise.^" In cases of insufficient damages, the
verdict should not be annulled if the defendant will consent
to an increase of the amount of damages, ^'^ and the court can
sometimes indicate the sum by which the verdict should be
increased. Thus in Alloway v. Nashville, ^^' where the jury
erred in omitting interest, the interest was added by the court
without ordering a new trial. In Howard v. Barnard ^'^ the
court said, that if there is no reason to suppose that the jury
was actuated by improper motives,, or if another verdict would
probably be so small that a new trial would not be worth while
in view of the additional costs, the verdict will be upheld. The
most important case upon this subject is Phillips v. South West
Railway. ^'^ The action was brought to recover damages for
personal injuries sustained on the defendant's railway. The
plaintiff was a physician, receiving an income of £5,000 a year
from his practice. He was permanently disabled, mentally
and physically, and had already been unable to exercise his
profession for sixteen months. It was also shown that his life
had undoubtedly been shortened. A verdict for £7,000 was set
aside, and a new trial awarded, upon the ground that the dam-
ages were inadequate. On a second trial the plaintiff recov-
ered £16,000, and this was held not to be excessive.^'*
§ 1369. Failure to allow damages where compensation should
be given.
Where the jury fail altogether to alow dlamages in cases
where the plaintiff is by law entitled to compensation, the ver-
dict will be set aside. Thus where an action is brought for
serious personal injuries, a verdict for nominal damages will
»» 26 L; J. Ex. 242. - ="' 88 Tenn. 510.
»' FalVey ». Standford, L. R. 10 Q. =" 11 C. B. 65.-}.
B. 54; although, in Richards v. Rose, 9 "* 5 q. b. D. 78.
Ex. 218, this rule was doubted. ^™ Phillips v. London & S. W. Ry., 5
"2 Richards v. Sandford, 2 E. D. C. P. D. 280.
Smith, 349.
173
2754
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1370
be set aside. ^^' A verdict which does no more than cover the
necessary surgical expenses, will receive the same treatment; ^^^
a fortiori when it is even less than the actual expenses.^'' So
in other actions, where the existence of some damage is suffi-
ciently proved to justify recovery of a substantial amount, a
verdict for nominal damages will be set aside as inadequate.^^"
§ 1370. What damages are inadequate; torts in general.
It remains to consider what verdicts have actually been
passed upon by the courts and held inadequate and not inade-
quate. It has already been pointed out that the court is much
less free in holding a verdict inadequate than in holding it
excessive, and the number of cases in which such verdicts have
been considered by the courts is comparatively small; yet
there are enough recent decisions to give a somewhat definite
idea of the way in which courts act. Thus verdicts have been
considered from the point of view of inadequacy in actions
for false imprisonment,^" malicious prosecution,^*^ and slan-
2" New York: Robbins v. Hudson
River R. R., 7 Bosw. 1; Sloane v. Mc-
Cauley, 33 Misc. 652, 68 N. Y. Supp.
187; Lemer v. Cohen, 116 N. Y. Supp.
567.
Texas: Canthen i;. Breyer (Tex. Civ.
App.), 131 S. W. 853.
Ireland: Beattie v. Moore, L. R. 2
Ire. 28.
Of course, the evidence may justify a
recovery of nominal damages only, by
showing a mere technical wrong with
no actual damages. Henderson v. Mc-
Reynolds, 60 Hun, 579, 14 N. Y. Supp.
351.
"' New York: Katz v. Brooklyn
Heights R. R., 35 Misc. 302, 71 N. Y.
Supp. 744.
Rhode Island: Hill v. Union Ry.
(R. I.), 57Atl. 374.
^'' Illinois: Kilmer v. Parrish, 144 111.
App. 270.
Maine: Leavitt v. Dow, 105 Me. 50,
72 Atl. 735.
Nebraska: Carpenter v. Red Cloud,
64 Neb. 126, 89 N. W. 637.
England: Tedd v. Douglas, 5 Jur.
(N. S.) 1029.
^"'Alabama: Hardeman v. Williams,
157 Ala. 422, 48 So. 108 (trespass on
property).
South Carolina: English v. Clerry, 3
Hill, 279 (cutting trees).
Texas: Prewitt v. Southwestern T. &
T. Co., 46 Tex. Civ. App. 123, 101
S. W. 812 (failure to deliver telegram).
"^ For false imprisonment the follow-
ing damages have been held inade-
quate:
Six cents. Henderson v. McRey-
nolds, 60 Hun, 579, 14 N. Y. Supp. 351.
The following have been held ade-
quate:
$50. Taylor v. Davis (Tex.), 13 S. W.
642.
Six cents. Wegne v. Risch, 114 Wis.
270, 90 N. W. 168.
'" For malicious prosecution the fol-
lowing damages have been held inade-
quate:
$450. Maille v. Lacassagne, 35 La.
Ann. 594.
$1, increased to $300. Mequet v.
§1371
PEESONAL INJURIES
2755
der,^*' in actions against a carrier for assault upon a passenger
by its servant, ^^* and in actions for assault and battery. ^*^
§ 1371. Personal injuries.
For personal injuries of various kinds a considerable num-
ber of verdicts have been considered by the courts and their
adequacy passed upon.^*^
Silverman, 52 La. Ann. 1369, 27 So.
885.
^" For slander the following dam-
ages have been held inadequate:
$25 increased to $500. Simpson v.
Robinson, 104 La. 180, 28 So. 908.
244 Pqp assault on a passenger by the
conductor or motorman the following
verdicts have been held inadequate:
Eighty-five cents. Hanson v. Ur-
bana & C. E. S. Ry., 75 111. App. 474.
$5. Samuels v. New York City Ry.,
52 Misc. 137, 101 N. Y. Supp. 534.
$200. Tourtelotte v. Westchester
Electric Ry., 120 App. Div. 417, 105
N. Y. Supp. 50.
'^^ For assault and battery a verdict
of |1 was held inadequate in Dunbar v.
Cowger, 68 Ark. 444, 59 S. W. 951.
^'^^ For personal injuries the following
damages have been held inadequate:
$5. Moseley v. Jamison, 68 Miss
336, 8 So. 744.
$15. Kelly v. Rochester, 15 N. Y.
Supp. 29, 60 Hun, 582.
$55. Saperstone v. Rochester Ry.,
25 App. Div. 285, 49 N. Y. Supp. 486.
$100; increased to $600. Sullivan v.
Vicksburg S. & P. R. R., 39 La. Ann.
800, 2 So. 586, 4 Am. St. Rep. 239.
$100. Ellsworth v. Fairbury, 41
Neb. 881, 60 N. W. 336.
1100. Maher v. Schulang, 117 N. Y.
Supp. 928.
$150. Fahlbusoh v. Brooklyn Heights
R. R., 129 N. Y. Supp. 877.
1250. Byrd v. Texas Midland R. R.
(Tex. Civ. App.), 99 S. W. 734.
$300. Harris v. Scher, 63 Misc. 288,
116 N. Y. Supp. 722.
$400, loss of eye, actual expense and
loss of time twice amount of verdict.
De Freitas v. Nunes, 130 111. App.
195.
$500, loss of arm. Townsend v.
Briggs, 88 Cal. 230, 26 Pac. 108.
$500, permanent injuries, eight
months' loss of time. Loyacano v.
Jurgens, 50 La. Ann. 441, 23 So. 717.
$500, mental anguish and terror.
Warner v. Talbot, 112 La. 817, 36 So.
743.
$500, permanent stiffness of arm.
Richardson v. Missouri P. B. Co., 122
Mo. App. 529, 99 S. W- 778.
$500, permanent injury, $400 ex-
penses. Morrissey v. Westchester
Electric Ry., 30 App. Div. 424, 51
N. Y. Supp. 945.
$1,000, loss of part of hand. Rossey
V. Lawrence, 123 La. 1053, 49 So.
704.
$1,500, loss of right hand, value of
time equal to amount. Abotin v.
Heney, 62 Wash. 65, 113 Pac. 245.
$2,000, loss of leg; increased to
$5,000. Taylor v. Louisiana & N. W.
R. R., 129 La. 000, 55 So. 732.
$2,500, loss of leg. Danna v. Monroe,
129 La. 000, 55 So. 741.
$2,525, injury to eyesight and heart.
Toledo R. & L. Co. v. Mason, 81 Oh.
St. 463, 91 N. E. 292.
$3,450, permanent crippling. Alton
V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 107 Minn.
457, 120 N. W. 749.
$10,000, complete disability; in-
creased to $15,000. Englert v. New
Orleans R. & L. Co., 128 La. 473, 54
So. 963.
The following verdicts have been
upheld;
2756
EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE DAMAGES
§1372
§ 1372. Death.
In actions for death, as in other actions, the courts may set
aside verdicts as inadequate; and the cases in which verdicts
are considered for the death of a person whose life is of pe-
cuniary value are governed by the same considerations as
cases in which similar verdicts for personal injury are claimed
to be excessive.^*' In the case of children too young to be of
service, however, in order for their life to be of pecuniary value
they must reach an age to be useful; and thereafter their earn-
ings during minority should be sufficiently greater than the
expense of maintenance to more than pay the whole cost of
their previous maintenance, with interest; otherwise their
death is not a pecuniary loss. Since this must in the nature of
things be more or less uncertain, a verdict for the death of a
$3,000. Hall V. Chicago, B. & Q. Ry.,
145 la. 291, 122 N. W. 894.
$2,500. Sehmidt v. Chicago, M. & S.
P. Ry., 108 Mina. 329, 122 N. W. 9.
$2,000. Joiner v. Texas & P. Ry.,
128 La. 1050, 55 So. 670.
$1,750. KiUen v. North Jersey St.
Ry., 74 N. J. L. 286, 65 Atl. 836.
$1,200. Allison v. Frederieksburg
(Va.), 71 S. E. 525.
$1,000. Boggess V. Metropolitan
St. Ry., 118 Mo. 328, 23 S. W. 159, 24
S. W. 210.
$800. Lanpbier v. F. Johnson & Son
Co., 117 La. 741, 42 So. 254.
$750. Cleaver v. Louisville & N. R.
R., 100 S. W. 223, 30 Ky. Law Rep.
1059.
$400. Marcus v. Omaha & C. B. R.
& B. Co., 142 la. 84, 120 N. W. 469.
$167. Robinson v. Waupaca, 77
Wis. 544, 46 N. W. 809.
$150. Kalembach v. Michigan Cent.
R. R., 87 Mieh. 500, 49 N. W. 1082.
$100. Dowd V. Westinghouse A. B.
Co., 132 Mo. 579, 34 S. W. 493.
"' For the death of an adult the fol-
lowing verdicts have been held inade-
quate:
One cent. James ». Richmond & D.
R. R., 92 Ala. 231, 9 So. 335,
$1. Rawitzer v. St. Paul City Ry.,
94 Minn. 494, 103 N. W. 499.
$150 ("a travesty of justice").
Meyer v. Hart, 23 App. Div. 131, 48
N. Y. Supp. 904.
$200 ("a mockery of justice").
Mariani v. Dougherty, 46 Cal. 26.
$500. McCarty v. St. Louis Transit
Co., 192 Mo. 396, 91 S. W. 132.
$500. Burns ». Merchants' & P. O.
Co., 26 Tex. Civ. App. 223, 63 S. W.
1061.
$3,250. Usher v. Scranton Ry., 13
Fed. «5.
£7,000. Phillips ». London & S. W.
Ry., 5 Q. B. D. 78.
The following verdicts have been
held not inadequate:
$3,500. Stewart v. Louisville & N.
R. R., 125 S. W. 154 (Ky.).
$1,000. Connor v. New York, 28
App. Div. 186, 50 N. Y. Supp. 972.
^Oa Metropolitan St. Ry. v.
O'Neill, 68 Kan. 252, 74 Pac. 1105.
$600. Swanton v. King, 72 App.
Div. 578, 76 N. Y. Supp. 528.
$189.75. De Luna i'. Union R. R.,
130 App. Div. 386, 114 N. Y. Supp.
893.
$55'. Leahy v. Davis, 121 Mo. 227,
25 S, W. 941.
§1372
INADEQUATE DAMAGES FOR DEATH
2757
child will seldom be so clearly inadequate as to be set aside
for that reason. 2^*
2« por the death of a child too young
for his labor to be of pecuniary value
the following verdicts have been set
aside as inadequate:
$10. Draper v. Tucker, 69 Neb.
434, 95 N. W. 1026.
$300. Willsen v. Metropolitan St.
Ry., 74 N. Y. Supp. 774.
$1,500; increased to $3,000. Burvant
V. Wolfe, 126 La. 787, 52 So. 1025.
The following verdicts have been
held not inadequate:
$600. Terhune v. Joseph W. Cody
Contmcting Co., 72 App. Div. 1, 76
N. Y. Supp. 255.
$375. Reger v. Rochester Ry., 2
App. Div. 5, 37 N. Y. Supp. 520.
$200. Gubbitosi ». Rothschild, 75
App. Div. 477, 78 N. Y. Supp. 28G
(reversing 74 N. Y. Supp. 775).
Six cents. Silberstein v. Wm. Wicke
Co., 29 Abb. N. C. 291, 22 N. Y. Supp.
170.
CHAPTER LIX
THE CONFLICT OF LAWS
1373.
General principles.
§ 1379.
Presumption as to legal rate
1374.
Actions against telegraph
of interest.
companies.
1380.
Exemplary damages.
1375.
Action on a bill or note.
1381.
Liquidated damages.
1376.
Damages for death.
1382.
Medium of payment.
1377.
Rate of interest.
1383.
Matters of procedure.
1378.
Interest on judgments.
§ 1373. General principles.
The measure of damages is, as has been seen, a question of
right rather than of remedy. The law, as a result of the breach
of a contract or commission of a tort, creates a right to dam-
ages which is equivalent to the right destroyed. Not merely
the existence but the nature of this right, including its extent,
is determined by the law that created it, as matters necessarily
involved in the very creation of the right. "From all the facts
attending the injury," said Pajntiter, J., in Louisville & Nash-
ville Railroad v. Whitlow,^ "it must be determined whether
the defendant has incurred a hability for damages and the
extent of it. The law of Tennessee (the place of injury) must
govern in fixing the liability and the quantum of recovery. It
would be strange to apply the law of Tennessee in determining
the question of liability, and take the law of the forum to fix
the measure of recovery." In accordance with these principles,
the measxire of damages is regulated by the law that creates the
right of action, which is, in the case of a tort, the law of the
place where the injury occurred,^ and in the case of breach of
contract, the law of the place where the breach occurred, that
is, the law of the place of performance.'
' United States: Sandham v. Grounds,
94 Fed. 83, 36 C. C. A. 103.
Massachusetts: Meyer v. Estes, 164
Mass. 457, 41 N. B. 683.
Missouri: Matheny v. Stewart, 108
Mo. 73, 78 S. W. 1014.
In Atwood V. Walker, 179 Mass. 514,
1 43 S. W. 711, 19 Ky. L. Rep. 1931,
41 L. R. A. 614; and see a learned note,
reaching this conclusion, in 56 L. R. A.
301.
2 Louisville & N. R. R. v. Whitlow,
43 S. W. 711, 19 Ky. L. Rep. 1931, 41
L. R. A. 614.
2758
§ 1374 ACTIONS AfiAlNST TELEGRAPS COMPANIES 27Sd
Whether the damages shall be assessed in a single lump siim
or in the form of a weekly or other occasional payment, like
other questions connected with the measure of damages, should
be determined by the law of the place of injury. So where,
under Mexican law, damages arising out of an injury are not
assessed in a single action, in which past and prospective dam-
ages are included, but damages to the date of the trial only are
given, a court in the United States, in which suit is brought
for a personal injury in Mexico, will not carry the adjustment
of compensation any fm-ther than the Mexican court would do/
§ 1374. Actions against telegraph companies.
In actions against telegraph companies the cause of action
may soimd in contract, for a non-feasance in failing to send or
to dehver a telegram, or in tort for a misdelivery or other
tortious violation of the pubhc duty. In the latter case the
law of the place where the duty is violated alone should govern
the measm-e of damages, according to the principles already
discussed; in the former case it might be possible to allege a
breach of contract either at the place where the delay occurred
or at the place of deUvery, and the plaintiff might therefore
claim the choice of the two laws. And it is so held ia some
jurisdictions.*
In several jurisdictions, however, the coini; determines the
damages entirely in accordance with the law of the place from
which the telegram was sent, i. e., the place where the contract
was made.®
61 N. E. 58 (where the place of making ' Alabama: Western U. T. Co. v. Hill,
and of performance appear to have 163 Ala. 18, 50 So. 248, 23 L. R. A.
been the same), the comi; intimated (N. S.) 648.
that where they are different the Arkansas: Western U. T. Co. v.
measm-e of damages, like the obligation Woodard, 84 Ark. 323, 105 S. W. 479;
of the contract itself, is determined by Western U. T. Co. v. Crenshaw, 93
the law of the place of making. This Ark. 415, 125 S. W. 420; Western U.
notion seems to lose sight of the fact T. Co. v. Chilton (Ark.), 140 S. W.
that the right to damages forms no 26.
part of the original obligation, and is Kentucky: Western U. T. Co. v.
created, not by the contract, but by Lacer, 122 Ky. 839, 93 S. W. 34, 5 L.
the law upon breach of the contract. R. A. (N. S.) 751.
*Evey V. Mexican Cent. Ry., 81 «i\rort/!CaroKrM: Hancock v. Western
Fed. 294, 26 C. C. A. 407, 52 U. S. App. U. T. Co., 137 N. C. 497, 49 S. E. 952,
118, 139, 38 L. R. A. 387. 69 L. R. A. 403; Johnson v. Western U.
2760
THE CONFLICT OF LAWS
§§ 1375, 1376
§ 1376. Action on a bill or note.
When a bill of exchange is protested for non-aceeptance or
non-payment, the drawer is Uable to damages according to the
law of the place where it was drawn.' If suit is brought in a
foreign State, and there is no proof offered of the law where the
bill is drawn, the law merchant prevails, and re-exchange is
recovered.* In an action against an indorser the measure of
damages is governed by the law of the place where the indorse-
ment was made.^ The allowance of interest is governed by the
law of the place of payment.^"
§ 1376. Damages for death.
The measure of damages for the death of a human being, in
a statutory action for the death, depends upon the law of the
place where the injury was committed; " and the method in
which the amount recovered is to be distributed is also de-
termined by that law, which in effect gives a beneficial interest
in the amount recovered to the distributees.^^
T. Co., 144 N. C. 410, 57 S. E. 122, 10
L. R. A. (N. S.) 256.
Texas: Western U. T. Co. v. Sloss, 45
Tex. Civ. App. 153, 100 S. W. 354, and
cases cited; Western U. T. Co. v.
Young (Tex. Civ. App.), 133 S. W.
512.
' United States: Bank of U. S. v.
United States, 2 How. 711, 2 L. ed. 711.
Alabama: Crawford v. Branch Bank
at Mobile, 6 Ala. 12, 41 Am. Dec. 33.
Connecticut: Roe v. Jerome, 18 Conn.
138.
Louisiana: Kuenzi v. Elvers, 14 La.
Ann. 391.
Missouri: Price v. Page, 24 Mo. 65.
New York: Cowperthwaite v. Shef-
field, 1 Sandf. 416.
England: In re Commercial Bank of
S. Australia, 36 Ch. D. 522.
' United States: Ex parte Heidelback,
2 Low. 526.
Pennsylvania: Hazelhurst v. Kean, 4
Yeates, 19; Lennig v. Ralston, 23 Pa.
137.
In Alabama it has been held that
in the absence of proof of the foreign
law no damages can be recovered.
Dickinson v. Branch Bank of Mobile,
12 Ala. 54. In Louisiana the foreign
law is presumed, in the absence of proof
to be the same as that of the forum:
Kuenzi v. Elvers, 14 La. Ann. 391, 74
Am. Dec. 434.
' United States: Slacum v. Pomery, 6
Cranch, 221, 3 L. ed. 205.
Alabama: CuUum v. Casey, 9 Port.
131, 33 Am. Dec. 304.
1° Post, § 1377.
" United States: Northern Pac. R. R.
V. Babcock, 154 U. S. 190, 14 Sup. Ct.
968, 38 L. ed. 958; Quinette v. Bisso,
136 Fed. 825, 69 C. C. A. 503, 5 L. R.
A. (N. S.) 303; The Saginaw, 139 Fed.
906.
Kentucky: Louisville & N. R. R. v.
Graham, 98 Ky. 688, 34 S. W. 229;
Louisville & Nashville R. R. v. Whit-
low, 43 S. W. 711, 19 Ky. L. Rep. 1931,
41 L. R. A. 614.
^^ Kansas: Hartley v. Hartley, 71
Kan. 691, 81 Pac. 505.
New York: In re Degaramo's Estate,
86 Hun, 390, 33 N. Y. Supp. 502.
§ 1377 RATE OF INTEREST 2761
Where a statute limits the amount that may be recovered
in an action for death, it may be interpreted as forbidding the
recovery of a greater amount in the courts of the State, no
matter where the death was caused. In that case it becomes
a matter of remedy, and the law of the forum will be applied.''
A more common interpretation, however, confines the provision
to a limitation of the amount recoverable in actions based upon
the local statute; and if such is the interpretation, it will not
apply to actions within the State based upon a foreign stat-
ute."
§ 1377. Rate of interest.
By the great weight of authority, and in accordance with
the doctrines already discussed, it is held that the rate of in-
terest allowed as damages for non-performance of a contract
expressly performable in a certain place is regulated by the
law of the place of performance.'^ So upon a bill of exchange
or promissory note the rate allowed as damages for non-
payment at maturity is the rate prevailing at the place of
payment; '^ and the sAme rate is allowed upon the non-payment
"Wooden v. Western N. Y. & P. Barb. 118 (debt); Cartwrightu. Greene,
R. R., 126 N. Y. 10, 26 N. E. 1050, 13 47 Barb. 9 (price of goods sold).
L. R. A. 458, 22 Am. St. Rep. 803. Pennsylvania: Archer v. Dunn, 2
'* Northern Pac. R. R. v. Babcock, Watts & S. 327 (money had and re-
154 U. S. 190, 14 Sup. Ct. 968, 38 L. ed. ceived).
958. South Carolina: Stepp v. National
" United States: Pana v. Bowler, 107 Life Ins. Assoc, 37 S. C. 417, 16 S. E.
U. S. 529, 27 L. ed. 424, 2 Sup. Ct. 134 (insurance policy). See Porter v.
704; Goodwin v. Fox, 129 U. S. 601, 9 Price, 80 Fed. 655, 26 C. C. A. 70.
Sup. Ct. 367, 32 L. ed. 805 (account); For the peculiar doctrines of the law
In re Kirzinger, 14 Fed. Cas. No. 7, of Missouri see: Hall v. Woodson, 13
862 (debt); Ex parte Heidelback, 2 Mo. 462; Carson v. Smith, 133 Mo.
Low. 526 (debt). 606, 34 S. W. 855; Baltzer v. Kansas
Louisiana: Lesesne v. Cook, 16 La. Pac. R. R., 3 Mo. App. 574.
58 (account); Ballister v. Hamilton, 3 " United States: Bank of U. S. v.
La. Ann. 401 (price of goods sold). Daniel, 12 Pet. 32, 54, 9 L. ed. 989;
, Mississippi: Grangers L. Ins. Co. v. Scudder v. Union Bank, 91 U. S. 406,
Brown, 57 Miss. 308, 34 Am. Rep. 446 23 L. ed. 336 (semble); Bank of 111. v.
(insurance policy). Brady, 3 McLean, 268, Fed. Cas. No.
Nevada: Sutro Tunnel Co. v. Segre- 888; Price v. Teal, 4 McLean, 201.
gated B. M. Co., 19 Nev. 121. Alabama; Hanrick v. Andrews, 9
New York: Fanning v. Consequa, 17 Port. 9; Dunn v. Clement, 2 Ala. 392;
Johns. 511, 8 Am. Dec. 442 (price of Dickinson v. Mobile Branch Bank, 12
goods sold); Pomeroyw. Ainsworth, 22 Ala. 54; Hunt v. Hall, 37 Ala. 702;
276^
*HB CdNfLlC* 6r LAWS
§137?
of bonds or coupons." Where a bill, note, or other contract
does not expressly name a place of payment it is ordinarily to
be regarded as payable where made, and the interest is there-
fore regulated by the law of the place of making; ^* and it is
Cubbedge v. Napier, 62 Ala. 518;
Hayes v. Southern H. B. & L. Ass'n.,
124 Ala. 663, 26 So. 527.
Arkansas: Clark v. Taylor, 69 Ark.
612, 65 S. W. 110, 86 Am. St. Rep.
215.
Indiana: Lefler v. Dermotte, 18 Ind.
246.
Iowa: Butters v. Olds, 11 la. 1.
Kentucky: Holley v. HoUey, Litt.
Sel. Cas. 505, 12 Am. Dec. 342.
Louisiana: Bapice v. Smith, 13 La.
91, 33 Am. Dec. 555; Bent v. Lauve, 3
La. Ann. 88; BaUister v. Hamilton, 3
La. Ann. 401; Hawley v. Sloo, 12 La.
Ann. 815.
Mississippi: Chambliss v. Robertson,
23 Miss. 302.
New Jersey: Healy v. Gorman, 15
N. J. L. 328.
New York: Foden v. Sharp, 4 Johns.
183; Scofield v. Day, 20 Johns. 102, 11
Am. Dec. 249; U. S. Bank v. Chapin,
9 Wend. 471; Simpson v. Hefter, 42
Misc. 482, 87 N. Y. Supp. 243.
North Carolina: Roberts v. McNeely,
52 N. C. 506, 78 Am. Dec. 261.
Pennsylvania: Mullen v. Morris, 2
Pa. 85; Wood v. Kelso, 27 Pa. 241;
Mills V. Wilson, 88 Pa. 118.
South Carolina: Bain v. Ackworth,
1 Mill, 107; McCandlish v. Cruger, 2
Bay, 377.
Tennessee: Frierson v. Galbraith, 12
Lea, 129; Cooper v. Sandford, 4 Yerg.
452.
Texas: Wheeler v. Pope, 5 Tex. 262;
Andrews v. Hoxey, 5 Tex. 171; Sum-
mers V. Mills, 21 Tex. 77.
Vermont: Peck v. Mayo, 14 Vt. 33,
39 Am. Dec. 205; Austin v. Imus, 23
Vt. 286.
England: Gibbs v. Fremont, 9 Ex.
25; Champant v. Ranelagh, Prec. Ch.
128; Robinson v. Bland, 2 Burr. 1077;
Cooper t). Waldegrave, 2 Beav. 282,
17 Eng. Ch. 282.
" United States: Scotland County
V. Hill, 132 U. S. 107, 10 Sup. Ct. 26,
33 L. ed. 261; Coghlan v. South Caro-
lina R. R., 142 U. S. 101, 12 Sup. Ct.
150, 35 L. ed. 951; Columbus S. & H.
R. R. Appeals, 48 Fed. 275, 48 C. C.
A. 275 (but see Fauntleroy v. Han-
nibal, 5 Dill. 219).
Indiana: Gray v. State, 72 Ind. 567.
But on the bonds of a state, which
is liable for interest only by its own
consent {ante, § 338), no interest is
allowed except it is given by the laws
of the state in question, no matter
where the bonds are for convenience
made payable. U. S. o. N. Carolina,
136 U. S. 211, 34 L. ed. 336, 10 Sup.
Ct. 920.
" Bilh and notes:
United States: Courtois v. Carpentier,
6 Fed. Cas. No. 3, 286, 1 Wash. 376,
494; Cowqua v. Lauderbrun, 6 Fed.
Cas. No. 3,299, 1 Wash. 521.
Kentucky: Templeton v. Sharp, 9
S. W. 507, 696, 10 Ky. L. Rep. 499.
Louisiana: Hawley v. Sloo, 12 La.
Ann. 815.
New York: Foden v. Sharp, 4 Johns.
183.
Pennsylvania: Clark v. Searight, 135
Pa. 173, 19 Atl. 941, 20 Am. St. Rep.
868.
Bonds:
Pennsylvania: Irvine v. Barrett, 2
Grant, 73.
Rhode Island: Kavanaugh v. Day, 10
R. I. 393, 14 Am. Rep. 691.
England: Connor v. Bellamont, 2
Atk. 382.
Contracts for payment of money:
United States: Wittkowski v. Harris,
64 Fed. 712 (account); Evans v. White,
Hempst. 296.
§13^7
BATE OF INTEREST
2763
sometimes said generally that interest is regulated by the law
of the place where the obligation is made." In accordance
with these principles, a consignor is entitled to interest accord-
ing to the law of the place to which the goods were consigned
for sale.^" Where the plaintiff performed services at Val-
paraiso, the defendant hved in Boston, and the action was
brought in New York, interest has been allowed from the
commencement of the suit at the rate of the lex fori, the court
saying, "especially as no rate is fixed by the contract, and no
place designated for its performance." ^^
Where property is converted or destroyed by a tort, it has
been held that interest on the value should be allowed at the
rate of the place where the cause of action accrued; ^^ and the
same is true in actions for the death of a human being. ^'
In Massachusetts, however, a different view is taken, and
it is held that the rate of interest is regulated by the law of
the forum. ^*
Colorado: Beckwith v. Talbot, 2
Colo. 639 (price of goods sold).
Maryland: Costigan v. Sewall, 6 Gill,
232 (debt).
New York: Stewart v. Ellice, 2
Paige, 604 (debt).
Souih Carolina: Quince v. Callender,
1 Desaus. 160 (marriage settlement).
" United States: Slacum v. Pomery,
6 Cranch, 221, 3 L. ed. 206; Courtois
V. Carpentier, 1 Wash. C. C. 376; Jaf-
fray v. Dennis, 13 Fed. Cas. No. 7, 171.
Alabama: Evans v. Clark, 1 Port.
388.
Kentucky: Russell v. Shepherd, Har-
din, 44; Cocke v. Conigmaker, 1 A. K.
Marsh. 254; Ingraham v. Arnold, 1 J.
J. Marsh. 406; Pawling v. Sartain, 4
J. J. Marsh. 238.
Louisiana: Nalle f . Ventress, 19 La.
Ann. 373.
Maine: Stickney v. Jordan, 58 Me.
106, 4 Am. Rep. 251.
New Jersey: Hoppins v. Miller, 17
N. J. L. 185.
North 'Carolina: Davis v. Coleman,
33 N. C. 303.
Pennsylvania: Mullen v. Morris, 2
Pa. 85.
South Carolina: Winthrop v. Pepoon,
1 Bay, 468; Gaillard v. Ball, 1 N. &
McC. 67.
Texas: Cooke v. Crawford, 1 Tex. 9,
46 Am. Dec. 93; Burton v. Anderson,
1 Tex. 93; Able v. McMurray, 10 Tex.
350; Ingram v. Drinkard, 14 Tex. 351;
Bailey v. Heald, 17 Tex. 102; Pauska
V. Daus, 31 Tex. 67.
Vermont: Porter v. Munger, 22 Vt.
191.
2" Fanning v. Consequa, 17 Johns.
511, 8 Am. Dec. 442.
" Goddard v. Foster, 17 Wall. 123,
21 L. ed. 589.
22 Louisiana: Holmes v. Barclay, 4
La. Ann. 64.
England: Ekins v. East India Co., 1
P. Wms. 395.
"Kiefer v. Grand Trunk Ry., 12
App. Div. 28, 42 N. Y. Supp. 171, 26
N. Y. Civ. Proc. 147; Frounfelker v.
Delaware, L. & W. R. R., 73 App. Div.
350, 76 N. Y. Supp. 745.
" Grimshaw v. Bender, 6 Mass. 157;
2764
THE CONFLICT OF LAWS
§1378
§ 1378. Interest on judgments.
A foreign judgment, by the prevailing view, bears interest
according to the law of the place where it was rendered; ^^ and
this is in accordance with the general principles already dis-
cussed. So in Virginia, in an action on a foreign judgment,
after the defendant's demurrer overruled, the court awarded
a writ of inquiry to assess damages; which would be necessary
only if interest were to be awarded at the foreign rate.^" And
in California it has been held that in the absence of evidence a
foreign judgment wiU be presumed not to bear interest." In
a few jurisdictions, however, it has been held that on a foreign
judgment interest is recoverable at the rate of the forum,
though it does not appear whether the judgment bore interest
by the law of the country where it was rendered. ^^
It has been intimated that the foreign law as to interest
must be carried out in order to give "full effect and credit" to
the judgment of another State. ^' But in Massachusetts, with
more reason, it has been held that the rate of interest is not
part of the judgment, and no effect need constitutionally be
Ayer v. Tilden, 15 Gray, 178, 77 Am.
Dec. 355; Ives v. Farmers' Bank, 2
Allen, 236. (See French v. French, 126
Mass. 360.)
In Indiana, Kopelke v. Kopeike, 112
Ind. 435, 13 N. E. 695, it was held that
where a promissory note is not payable
in any particular place, the rate of
interest is governed by the law of the
forum.
'' United States: Whitman v. Citizens'
Bank, 110 Fed. 503, 49 C. C. A. 122.
Alabama: Hunt v. Mayfield, 2 Stew.
124; Murray v. Cone, 8 Port. 250; Har-
rison V. Harrison, 20 Ala. 629, 56 Am.
Dec. 227.
California: Thompson v. Monrow, 2
Cal. 99, 56 Am. Dec. 318; Stewart v.
Spaulding, 72 Cal. 264, 13 Pac. 661.
Michigan: Schroeder v. Boyce, 127
Mich. 33, 86 N. W. 387.
Ohio: Neil v. Bank, 50 Oh. St. 193, 33
N. E. 720.
Pennsylvania: Ralph v. Brown, 3 W.
& S. 395.
South Carolina: Lambkin v. Nance,
2 Brev. 99.
2= Clarke v. Day, 2 Leigh, 172.
" Cavender v. Guild, 4 Cal. 250. It
will be noted that interest in California
is allowed on judgments only by
statute, not by the common law.
^ Illinois: Prince v. Lamb, Breese,
378.
Massachusetts: Parker v. Thompson,
3 Pick. 429; Barringer v. King, 5 Gray,
9; Hopkins v. Shepard, 129 Mass. 600.
Missouri: Shickle v. Watts, 94 Mo.
410, 7 S. W. 274.
New York: Wells, Fargo & Co. v.
Davis, 105 N. Y. 670, 12 N. E. 42.
South Carolina: Nelson v. Felder, 7
Rich. Eq. 395.
Washington: Olson v. Veazie, 9 Wash.
481, 37 Pac. 677, 43 Am. St. Rep. 855.
^' United States: Whitman v. Citizens'
Bank, 110 Fed. 503.
Pennsylvania: Schell i'. Stetson, 12
Phila. 187.
§§ 1379, 1380 EXEMPLARY DAMAGES 2765
given to it; even when the judgment by its terms bears inter-
est, this is not an integral part of the judgment, and interest is
allowed at the domestic rate.'"
§ 1379. Presumption as to legal rate of interest.
In most jurisdictions it is said that if the foreign rate is not
proved it will be presimied to be the same as the domestic rate."
It is sometimes said, however, that where interest is to be
recovered at a foreign rate, and no evidence is offered of such a
rate, there can be no recovery of interest.'^
§ 1380. Exemplary damages.
Whether exemplary damages shall be allowed or not de-
pends upon the law of the place where the cause of action
arose.'* But it would seem that if such damages are not al-
lowed by the law of the forum they cannot be recovered there.
The damages would be regarded, at least by the court of the
forum, as punitive, and therefore not to be enforced in a foreign
court. In Higgins v. Central New England & Western Rail-
road '* it is assumed that exemplary damages, though allowed
in the State where the tort was committed, cannot be recov-
ered in Massachusetts, where such damages are not allowed.
In an action for personal injury suffered in Mexico, but tried in
Texas, it appeared that by Mexican law, the court could
award an indemnity at its discretion, considering the social
position of the party injured, etc. This was objected to as
contrary to natural justice and the policy of our law, but the
" Clark V. Child, 136 Mass. 344. 472, 59 N. W. 838; Hallam v. Telleren,
" Illinois: Warren v. McCarty, 25 65 Neb. 255, 75 N. W. 560.
111. 95; Deem v. Crume, 46 111. 69; Hall New Hampshire: Lougee v. Wash-
V. Kimball, 58 111. 58. burn, 16 N. H. 134.
Kentucky: Thomas v. Beckman, 1 Texas: Pauska v. Daus, 31 Tex. 67.
B. Mon. 29; Reynolds v. Powers, 96 Vermont: Porter v. Hunger, 22 Vt.
Ky. 481, 29 S. W. 299, 17 Ky. L. Rep. 191.
1059. " Kermott v. Ayer, 11 Mich. 181.
Minnesota: Desnoyer v. McDonald, " Kentucky: Louisville & N. R. R.
4 Minn. 515. v. Smith, 135 Ky. 462, 122 S. W. 806;
Missouri: Crone v. Dawson, 19 Mo. Louisville & N. R. R. v. Lynch, 126 S.
App. 214. W. 362, 137 Ky. 696.
Nebraska: Fitzgerald v. Rtzgerald & Mississippi: Pullman P. C. Co. v.
Mallory Construction Co., 41 Neb. 374, Lawrence, 74 Miss. 782, 22 So. 53.
" 155 Mass. 176, 29 N. E. 634.
2766 THE CONFLICT OF LAWS §§ 1381-1383
question did not really arise as the plaintiff only claimed
compensation.'^
§ 1381. Liquidated damages.
The allowance of stipulated damages involves a question of
pubUc policy, which, as always, is for the law of the forum.
Thus an agreement in a promissory note for the recovery of a
certain amount as attorney's fee, for costs of collection, is an
agreement for liquidated damages. If such damages are not
allowed, it is because the collection of them is regarded as the
exaction of a penalty contrary to public policy; and the public
policy enforced by a court is that of the forum. If, therefore,
by the law of the forum the recovery of such stipulated dam-
ages is not permitted, it will be refused upon a foreign claim
as well as upon a domestic one.'*
§ 1382. Medium of pajmient.
The question, in what currency an obligation must be paid,
also depends upon the law of the place of payment.''' So
where an invoice of goods was shipped from England to New
York and there sold, the balance was payable in United States
legal tender, and not in gold, the currency of England.'^
§ 1383. Matters of procedure.
On all matters of procedure in the matter of damages the
law of the forum governs. So on the question of the method
of reducing expected future damages to a present cash amount,
the method of the forum will be adopted.'^ And so costs are
to be allowed in accordance with the practice of the forum.^"
The administration among claimants of a fund in court is a
matter of procedure, not of right, since all the claimants have
a right, and the question at issue is how to satisfy the claims,
56 Evey V. Mexican Cent. Ry., 81 Michigan: Comstock v. Smith, 20
Fed. 294, 26 C. C. A. 407, 52 U. S. Mich. 338.
App. 118, 141, 38 L. R. A. 387. =» Benners v. Clemens, 58 Pa. 24.
'^ Nebraska: Security Co. v. Eyer, 36 " Georgia F. & A. Ry. v. Sasser, 4
Neb. 507, 64 N. W. 838. Ga. App. 276, 61 S. E. 505.
Oregon: Commercial Nat. Bank v. *> Higgins v. Central N. E. & W. R.
Davidson, 18 Ore. 57, 22 Pac. 517. R., 155 Mass. 176, 29 N. E. 534
" California: Grunwald v. Freese, (semhle). So of expenses of distribu-
34 Pac. 73, tion; In re Adlum's Estate, 22 Pa. 514,
§ 1383 MATTERS OF PROCEDURE 2767
SO far as is possible, out of the fund — a matter of procedure.
So the allowance of preferences in the administration of a fund
is for the law of the forum.^^ For this reason the allowance of
general average is adjusted according to the law of the forum; ^^
for this is not a question of the nature of rights, but of the
method by which existing rights shall be satisfied out of a fund
in court, which is not a matter of right but of remedy.
*i United States: Smith v. Bank, 5 " Massachusetts: Loring v. Neptune
Pet. 518, 8 L. ed. 212. Ins. Co., 20 Pick. 548.
England: Pardo v. Bingham, L. R. England: Simonds v. White, 2 B. &
6 Eq. 485; In re Kloebe, 28 Ch. D. 175. C. 805.
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
A
A. Cohen & Co. v. Rittiman, 948
A. Cusimano & Co. v. Olive Oil Im-
porting Co., 1246c
A. Denicke, The, 156
A. J. Anderson Electric Co. v. Cle-
burne, W. I. & L. Co., 156, 618
A. L. Clark Lumber Co. v. Johns, 180a,
1347
A. P. Brantley Co. v. Johnson, 1053
Aaron v. Moore, 673/
V. Second Ave. R. R., 484
ii. Southern Ry., 357
V. Ward, 8736
Abbey v. Mace, 607
Abbott V. Allen, 973
V. Detroit, 482, 485
V. Gatch, 186, 645, 1067
V. Gillespy, 649
V. Hapgood, 742, 742o
V. Inskip, 673a
V. Land & Water Co., 3836
V. Light, etc., Co., 1148
V. McCadden, 578
V. Milwaukee L. H. & T. Co.,
1149a, llS2a
*. Sebor, 711
V. Southern Pac. R. R., 1162
V. Stewartstown, 1160a
V. Stinchfield, 311c
V. Tolliver, 488
V. Wyse, 750
Abby M. Deering, The, 589
Abel V. Minneapolis, 1112a
Abeles v. Western Union Tel. Co., 107a
AbeU V. Munson, 1295
i;. Penn M. L. I. Co., 730
Abendroth v. Manhattan Railway,
1194
V. N. Y. Elevated R. R., 1194
Aber v. Bratton, 183, 196, 536, 537
174
Aberdeen v. Blackmar, 793
V. Bradford, 924
V. Honey, 676
Aberdeen Coal & Mining Co. v. Evans-
ville, 999/
Abemathy v. Black, 673/
Abilene v. Wright, 483
Abom V. Mason, 499
Abotin V. Heney, 1371
Abrahams v. Cooper, 457, 458
Abrahamson v Cummings, 762
V. Lamberson, 102a, 3016
Abrams v. Ervin, 929a
V. Milwaukee, L. S. & W. Ry., 851
V. Watson, 9996
Abshire v. Cline, 452
Accessory T. Co. v. McCerren, 682a
Accumulator Co. v. Dubuque St. R. R.,
767
Acers v. Curtis, 807a
Achey v. Hall, 933
Acker ». Knoxville, 1172a
Ackerman v. Emott, 344
V. King, 536a
V. Rubens, 755
». True, 947
Ackerson v. Erie Ry., 380, 481
Acme Cycle Co. v. Clarke, 153, 199
Acme Food Co. v. Older, 753
Acre V. Bufford, 534
Acrea v. Brayton, 936, 943
Acton V. Pierce, 675c
Adair v. Bogle, 984, 984o
Adam v. Chicago, B. & Q. Ry., 937,
937a
V. Gomila, 237, 682a
Adamant P. M. Co. v. Nat. Bank of
Commerce, 655
Adams v. Adams, 55 N. J. Eq. 42; 301c,
302a
V. Adams, 10 Leigh, 527; 345
V. Barber, 1027
2769
2770
TABLE OF CASES
[Referencea are to sections]
Adams v. Barry, 1265
V. Bement, 3115
V. Blankenstein, 853
V. Blodgett, 317, 934, 943
V. Burton, 1027
V. Byerly, 636(i
V. Conover, 975
V. Cordis, 229, 275
V. Cox, 667
V. Dunham & N. R..R., 932
V. Fitzpatrick, 664
V. Fort Plain Bank, 308a, 314
V. Gardner, 1268
V. Gillam, 565a
V. Haught, 841
V. H. & D. R. R., 95
V. Keystone Mfg. Co., 1230a
V. Lambard, 311c
V. Lawson, 445
V. Lorraine Mfg. Co., 363
V. McMillan, 1023
V. Midland R. R., 1325
V. Mo. Pac. Ry., 1348
V. New Jersey Steamboat Co., 873
V. Nichols, 655c
V. O'Connor, 76
V. Oklahoma City, 1152a
V. Pahner, 298
V. Peterman Mfg. Co., 1357
V. Pugh, 665
V. Rivers, 365
V. St. Johnsbury & L. C. R. R.,
1148
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 361
V. Salina, 361, 3806
V. Smith, 47, 451
V. Turrentine, 554
V. Way, 325
V. Woonsocket Co., 649
V. Wright, 537, 540
V. WyUe, 1052
Adams & F. Harvester Co. v. Tomhn-
son, 789
Adams Express Co. v. Egbert, 200
V. Hoeing, 844, 851
V. Milton, 314
Adamson v. Adamson, 650
». Jarvis, 834
V. Petersen, 81
V. Raymer, 448a
Adamson v. Reid, 311c
V. Rose, 982, 1006
Adcock V. Marsh, 445
V. Oregon R. & N. Co., 1270
Addams v. Heffeman, 345
V. Tutton, 613
Adden v. White Mt. R. R., 1148, 1166
Adderley v. Dixon, 636ot
Addis V. Gramophone Co., 665, 675
Addison F. M. Co. v. Lake S. & M. S.
Ry., 95, 924
Adkins v. Hudson, 909a
V. Kendrick, 47
V. Tomlison, 966, 975
V. Waite, 3146
Adlard v. Muldoon, 656
Adler v. Newcomb, 676
Adoue V. Wettermark, 565d
Advance E. & W. Co. v. Eddy, 70
Advertiser Co. v. Jones, 452
Ady V. Freeman, 685A;, 6852
Mtna. Indemnity Co. v. George A.
Fuller Co., 648a
.S;tna Ins. Co. v. Glasgow E. L. Co.,
726
V. Johnson, 722
V. Tyler, 725
Mtaa, Life Ins. Co. v. Nexsen, 666, 834e
V. Paul, 730
.Sltna S. & I. Works v. Kossuth County,
657
Agate V. Lowenbein, 932, 999g
Agius V. Great Western ColUery Co.,
742
Agnew V. Johnson, 1261
Agra & Ehzabeth Jenkins, The, 587
Agricultural & M. Assoc, v. State,
573a, 575, 576
Agricultural Ins. Co. v. Yates, 725
Ahein v. O'Brien, 762
Ahem v. Connell, 564
AM V. Ahl, 676
Ahrens v. Fenton, 364, 1344
Aiken v. Bloodgood, 655
V. Leathers, 237
V. McDonald, 976, 978
V. Peay, 304
V. W. U. Tel. Co., 878
Ainsa v. Moses, 44a, 564
Ainsley v. Jordan, 302
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2771
Ainslie v. Wilson, 796, 800
Ainsworth v. Backus, 623
V. Partillo, 822
V. Ritt, 999e
Airey v. Pullman Palace Car Co., 864
Aitchison v. Lohre, 715
Aitkin v. Emsthausen, 858
Akard v. Western U. T. Co., 894(i
Aken v. Clark, 627a
Akerley v. Haines, 473, 476
Akersloot v. Second Ave. Ry., 1356,
1365
Akron v. M'Comb, 1157
Alabama v. Lett, 301
Alabama, The, 4 Woods, 48; 587
Alabama, The, 92 U. S. 695; 599
Alabama & F. R. R. v. Burkett, 42
Ala. 83; 1133
V. Burkett, 46 Ala. 669; 1165
Alabama & Gamecock, The, 588
Alabama & Great Southern R. R. v.
Little, 851
Alabama & V. Ry. v. Gibbs, 1328
V. Bloom, 1123
V. Hanes, 868
Alabama Cent. R. R. v. Musgrove, 1164
Alabama C. C. & I. Co. v. Vines, 947
Alabama C. G. & A. Ry.j). Appleton,
486o
V. Brady, 856a
Alabama Chemical Co. v. Geiss, 734,
740
Alabama Co. v. Slaton, 122
Alabama G. L. I. Co. v. Garmany,
730
Alabama G. S. R. R. v. Arnold, 368,
1263
V. Arrington, 387
V. Bailey, 484
V. Burgess, 1347, 1365
V. Carroll, 490
V. Frazier, 380
V. Heddleston, 868
V. Hill, 41a, 170a, 368
V. McAlpine, 318
V. Sellers, 361, 372
V. Siniard, 483
V. Tapia, 45a
V. Yarbrough, 180, 485a
Alabama I. W. v. Hurley, 197
Alabama Mineral R. R. v. Jones, 114
Ala. 519; 674a
V. Jones, 121 Ala. 113; 101
Alabama State Land Co. v. Reed, 682
Alabama, S. & W. Co. v. Griffin, 680a
V. Tallant, 482
Alair v. Northern Pac. R. R., 851
Alamo D. B. Co. v. Yeargan, 1361
Alamo Mills Co. v. Hercules Iron
Works, 742a
Alaska, The, 689, 592, 597a
Alaska Imp. Co. v. Hirsch, 685fc
Alaska S. S. Co. v. Colhns, 1326
Albany v. Trowbridge, 1046
Albany & N. Ry. v. Wheeler, 318
Albany & Sus. Railroad v. Dayton,
1185
Albany Dutch Church v. Vedder, 1276
Albany Northern R. R. v. Lansing,
1115, 1146, 1185
Albany Phosphate Co. v. Hugger Bros.,
645
Albany Street, Matter of, 1128, 1158,
1187
Albee v. Harris, 959
Albert v. Bleecker St. R. R., 436
V. Lindan, 78, 82
Albert Gas Fixture Co. v. Kabat, 734
Alberts v. Husenetter, 933
V. Steams, 674
Albertson v. Philadelphia, 1163, 1165a
Albertson Co. v. Chicago, 1295
Albertype Co. v. Gust Feist Co., 610
Albertz v. Albertz, 640a, 641, 6416
Albey v. Weingart, 984, 984a
Albion Lead Works v. Citizens' Ins.
Co., 341
Albion R. R. v. Hesser, 1175
Albrecht v. Walker, 1254
Albright v. Pickle, 307
Alcorn v. Mitchell, 490, 1328, 1345
Alden v. Wright, 778
Alder v. Keighley, 606, 628
Alderman v. French, 452
V. Roesel, 676
Alderson v. Gulf; C. & S. F. Ry., 366,
860
Aldis V. Stewart, 638
Aldrich v. Aldrich, 807
V. Cheshire R. R., 1110, 1164
2772
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Aldrich V. Dunham, 294
V. Higgins, 497/
V. Island E. T. & T. Co., 459
V. Jackson, 775
V. Palmer, 481
V. Reynolds, 685ft, 685j
V. Sharp, 334
V. Wetmore, 946
V. Wilmarth, 657
Aldrick v. Sager, 1250
Aldridge v. Board of Education, 1174
V. McClelland, 311c
Aldworth v. Lynn, 91, 110
Aleppo, The, 596, 597a
Alexander ». Bishop, 185, 984, 987
V. Blodgett, 42
V. Bridgford, 975, 979
V. Colcord, 253, 685o
V. Helber, 58
V. Herr, 907, 920
». Herring, 755
V. Humber, 47, 866
V. Jacoby, 127, 182, 237, 467, 682,
682a, 1296
V. Macauley, 548
V. St. Louis Southwestern Ry. Co.
of Texas, 43i
V. Staley, 983
V. Thomas, 1326
». Troutman, 411
V. United States, 1112a
' t). Western U. T. Co., 882
Alexandria, The, 597o
Alexandria, etc., Co. v. Faunce, 1157
Alexian Bros. v. Oshkosh, 253, 1171
Alfaro V. Davidson, 834c, 1329
Alfred v. Fitzjames, 673d
Alger V. Farley, 505
Alie V. Nadeau, 90
Alkahest Lyceum System v. Curry, 170
Alkire v. Myers Lumber Co., 1352
Alkire Grocer Co. v. Tagart, 85o
AUaback v. Utt, 373
Allaire v. Hartshome, 703
V. Ouland, 834
V. Whitney, 1 N. Y. 305; 990c
V. Whitney, 1 HiU, 484; 101, 1056
Allaire Works v. Guion, 674, 1065
AUamon v. Albany, 642
Allan «. Everoth, 676
Alle V. Woodruff, 3406
AUegaert v. Smart, 999&
Allegany County v. Van Campen, 692
Allegheny v. Black, 1142
V. Campbell, 317
Allegheny Iron Co. v. Teaford, 752a
Allegheny V. R. R. v. Colwell, 1175
Allen V. Ames College Co., 1353
V. Anderson, 3 Humph. 581; 762
V. Anderson, 2 Bibb, 415; 1010
V. Atkinson, 1007, 1018
V. Baker, 45, 637, 638
V. Barrett, 67a
V. Besecker, 480a
V. Blunt, 235, 983
V. Boston, 137 Mass. 319; 1158
V. Boston, 159 Mass. 324; 948
V. Brazier, 419, 423
«;. Brown, 51 Barb. 68; 819
V. Brown, 5 Laos. 511; 237, 685Ji;
V. Butman, 81
V. Camden & P. Steamboat Ferry
Co., 865
V. Cameron, 1038
V. Carty, 667
V. Champion, 929a
V. Charlestown, 1147
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 245
e. Clark, 831
V. Craig, 388, 1326
V. Curies, 659
V. Doyle, 548, 5o
V. Durham Traction Co., 226/
V. Eneroth, 6796
V. Fairbanks, 304
V. Field, 636d, 636/
V. Fox, 537
V. Harris, 236
V. Hooker, 1067
V. Jarvis, 753
». Jones, 6S5g
V. Kelley, 692ft
V. Kennedy, 964
V. Kinyon, 493
V. Leflore County, 685/
V. McConihe, 828
V. McCoushe, 824
V. McKibbin, 657, 662
V. McNew, 656, 1039
V. Macon D. & S. R. R., 932
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2773
Allen V. Manhattan Ry., 1365
V. Maronne, 667
V. Merchants' Bank, 819
V. Miller, 959, 979
V. Missouri, K. & T. Ry., 1143
V. Mohn, 1023
V. Murray, 316, 608, 615
V. Ormond, 946
V. Smith, 307
V. South Boston R. R., 439A, 736
V. Suydam, 813, 814
V. Thrall, 615
V. Todd, 768
V. Truesdell, 116, 441
V. United States, 1031
». Voje, 1352
V. Watson, 687
». Whitlark, 667
». Woonsocket Co., 310o
Allender v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R.,
214a, 221, 491
Allendorph v. Banks, 993
AUentown v. Kramer, 1110
AUentown Turnpike Co. v. Lehigh V.
T. Co., 1173
AUgeyer v. Rutherford, 667
Alliance R. P. Co. v. Valentine, 445
Alliance Trust Co. v. Stewart, 685A
Allinder v. Bessemer C. I. & L. Co., 959
Ailing V. Boston & A. R. R., 873
Allis V. McLean, 186, 190, 646
V. Nanson, 1263
V. Nininger, 238, 982
Allison V. Chanler, 127a, 170a, 182, 189,
363, 383c, 990&
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 1215
V. Cocke, 106 Ky. 763; 1025, 1026
. ». Cocke, 112 Ky. 212; 1023
V. Fredericksburg, 1371
V. Hobbs, 36o
V. Juniata County, 337
V. McCune, 29
V. Montgomery, 959
V. Pilkins, 964
V. People, 692i
V. Tennessee, C. I. & R. R. Co.,
162
Allmon V. Chicago, P. & M. R. R., 1138
Alloway ». Nashville, 331a, 1171e, 1368
AUphin V. Working, 614
Allport V. Kelby, 685fe
AUred v. Bray, 127a
Allsop V. AUsop, 443
Almy V. Probate Court, 3116
V. Simonson, 755
Alna V. Plummer, 1024
Alpha Checkrower Co. v. Bradley, 762
Alpha P. C. Co. V. Oliver, 763
Alpin V. Morton, 445
Alsager v. Close, 256
Alsop V. Commercial Ins. Co., 713
V. Peck, 910
Alt V. Weidenberg, 76
Althorf V. WoKe, 67a
Althouse V. Alvord, 750
V. Rice, 930
Alton V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 1371
Alton & Sangamon R. R. v. Carpenter,
1138
Altoona E. E. & S. Co. v. Kittanning &
F. C. St. Ry., 615
Aluminum Co. v. Ramsey, 1356
Alvis V. Oglesby, 311/
Alvord V. United States, 692e
Am Ende v. Seabury, 1245
Amann v. Chicago C. T. Co., 243 111.
263; 172, 2261, 372
V. Chicago C. T. Co., 148 111. App.
151; 180
Ambs V. Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R.,
458, 459
Amee v. Wilson, 308a
Amer v. Longstreth, 383, 387
America, The, 92 U. S. 432; 587
America, The, 4 Fed. 337; 593
American B. & C. Co. v. BuUen B. Co.,
617
American B. N. Co. v. New York E.
R. R., 1191, 1256/
American B. W. Co. v. Thomson, 1220
American Bible Society v. Wells, 339
American Book Co. v. Wells, 676
American Bridge Co. v. American Dist.
Steam Co., 160
V. Camden Interstate Ry., 647o
V. Glenmore Distilleries Co., 165
American C. C. Co. v. Seitz, 975
American C. D. Co. v. Boyd, 666
American Central Ins. Co. v. Burkert,
818o
2774
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
American Central Ins. Co. v. McLana-
han, 723
American Canning Co. v. Flat Top
Grocery Co., 753, 755
American Contract Co. v. Cross, 873
American Cotton Co. v. Herring, 741
American Express Co. v. Dunlevy, 819
V. Jennings, 152, 856
V. Parsons, 256
American E. & C. Co. v. Crawford,
1359
American F. & F. Co. v. Settergren,
754
American F. L. M. Co. v. Brown, 1335
American-Hawaiian S. S. Co. v. Morse
D. D. & R. Co., 593
American-Hungarian Pub. Co. v. Miles
Bros., 169a
American Ice Co. v. Pocono S. W. I.
Co., 165 Fed. 714; 988
i;. Pocono S. W. I. Co., 183 Fed.
193; 959
American Ins. Co. v. Bryan, 718
V. Center, 711
V. Griswold, 712, 714
V. Ogden, 711
American L. & H. I. Co. v. Robertshaw,
729
American L. I. Co. v. McAden, 730
American L. I. & T. Co. v. Shultz, 730
American Lead Pencil Co. v. Davis, 368
American Locomotive Co. v. Hoffman,
95
American Mfg. Co. v. Klarquist, 6226
American Nat. Bank v. Hammond, 439/
V. Morey, 45, 153o
American Publishing & Engraving Co.
V. Walker, 636c, 752
American Pure Food Co. v. G. W. El-
Uott & Co., 127a
American S. P. Co. v. De Grasse Paper
Co., 1224
American S. S. Co. v. Rush, 610
American Strawboard Co. v. Foust, 484
American Surety Co. v. Lyons, 644
V. Woods, 105 Fed. 41; 618, 647e
V. Woods, 106 Fed. 263; 643
American T. & T. Co. v. Pearce, 1152a
American Trust & Banking Co. v.
Boon, 303
American U. T. Co. v. Daughtery, 876,
879, 883
Americus v. Tower, 1295
Americus Grocery Co. v. Brackett, 762
Amerman v. Deane, 87
Ames V. Chirurg, 682, 682o
V. Hilton, 363, 373
V. Norwich Light Co., 762
V. Schuesler, 999e
V. Scudder, 311c
V. Wilhams, 692fc
Amherst Bank v. Root, 694
Amiable Nancy, The, 175, 352, 378,
596, 5996
Amis V. Smith, 334
Ammons v. People, 692c
Amoretty v. City of Melbourne Bank,
516c
Amory v. Amory, 12866
t). Brodrick, 1261
V. Hamilton, 820
V. M'Gregor, 295, 844
V. Vreeland, 364
Amos V. Cosby, 979
V. Delaware R. F. Co., 483
V. Oakley, 90, 636?, 636i
Amoskeag Manuf. Co. v. Goodale, 99,
101
V. Manchester, 303
V. Worcester, 1171, 1171a
Amperse v. Winslow, 547
Amsden v. Atwood, 199, 988, 988o
V. Dubuque & S. C. R. R., 620
Amy V. Dubuque, 346
Ancrum v. Slone, 316
Anders v. Ellis, 98
Anderson v. Aupperle, 376
V. Beard, 755
V. Buckton, 929
V. CarUn, 1268
V. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R., 573o,
579
V. DufBeld, 760
V. The Edam, 599c
V. Ewing, 281, 424a
V. First Nat. Bk., 492
V. Great No. Ry., 577
V. Hilker, 615
V. International Harvester Co.,
363
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2775
Anderson v. Issaquena County, 337
V. Knox, 980
V. Lewis, 834a
V. Nordstrom, 618
V. Northeastern Ry., 152
V. Pacific Bank, 302a
V. Philadelphia P. L. Co., 685fc
V. Pittsburg Coal Co., 1354
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 191
V. Savoy, 137 Wis. 44; 171
V. Savoy, 142 Wis. 127; 205
V. Shockley, 1263
V. Sloane, 435, 437, 494
V. Smith, 108 Mich. 69; 341
V. Smith, 104 Minn. 40; 1361
V. Snyder, 1028
V. Sparks, 1347
V. State, 311/
V. Thompson, 692a
V. Truitt, 1023
V. Western U. T. Co., 387
Anderson, Succession of, 339
Anderson County v. Hays, 692e
Anderson Electric Co. v. Cleburne
Water Co., 740
Anderson, L. & St. L. R. R. «. Kemodle,
95
Anderton v. Arrowsmith, 340
V. Milwaukee, 1112a
Andes Ins. Co. v. Fish, 725
Andre v. Morrow, 1061
Andrews v. Appel, 979
V. Askey, 471
V. Bartholomew, 449
V. Booth, 60
V. Chicago, etc., R. R., 574a
V. Clark, 303, 313a, 316, 519
V. Costican, 317
V. Davison, 968, 974
V. Durant, 296, 317, 493
V. Glenville Woolen Co., 237, 685,
685i
V. Hammond, 1272
V. Hoover, 753, 755
V. Huckabee, 311c
V. Keeler, 325
V. McCoy, 973
V. Minter, 984a
V. Singer Mfg. Co., 363, 363o
V. Stone. 1263
Andrews v. Winter, 984
Andrus ». Bradley, 302a
Anerly, The, 587
Angel V. Miller, 345
Angell V. Hartford F. I. Co.. 727
V. Hopkins, 1296
V. Pruyn, 768
Angier v. Taunton Paper Manufactur-
ing Co., 80a
Angle V. Hanna, 673/
Anglin v. Columbus, 1368
Anglo-American Packing & P. Co. v.
Baier, 1357
Angus V. Scully, 655c
Ankeny v. Clark, 733a
Anketel v. Converse, 345
Ann Caroline, The, 594, 598
Annapolis & B. S. L. R. R. v. Ross, 655
Anna Maria, The, 175
Annas v. Milwaukee & N. R. R., 580
Annis v. Upton, 1258
Anony., 108 N. Y. 660; 1208
Anony., 94 U. S. 695; 1230
Anony., 66 Barb. 466; 1185
Anony., Y. B. 6 Edw. 4, 7, 18; 118
Anony., Y. B. Lib. Assis. 287, 17; 118
Anon., 19 H. 6; 44, 96a
Anon., 2 Ld. Raym. 938; 955, 97
Anon., 6 Mod. 11; 676c
Anon., 1 Strange, 407; 733a
Anon., Minor (Ala.), 52, 12 Am. Dec.
31; 50
Anon. V. Moor, 451
Ant, The, 10 Fed. 294; 687
Ant, The, 13 Fed. 91; 595
Anthony v. Gilbert, 76, 365
V. Moore & Munger Co., 312
V. New York & P. B. R. R., 1295
V. PercifuU, 791
V. Slaid, 120
V. Stephens, 461
Anthony Ittner Brick Co. v. Ashby, 577
Antle V. Sexton, 1028
Antoine Co. v. Ridge Co., 935
Anvil Min. Co. v. Humble, 192, 193
Apalachicola v. Apalachicola Land Co.,
908
Apgar V. Hiler, 803
ApoUinaris Co. v. Venable, 685
ApoUon, The, 235
2776
TABLE OP CASES
[References are to sections]
Appleby v. Myers, 655c
V. State, 692A
Applegate v. Hogan, 755
V. Jacoby, 418
Appletbn v. Marx, 999A
Application for Drainage, Matter of,
1148
AppsD. Day, 1368
Arbush v. Oakdale, 1148
Areata & Mad. R. Ry. v. Murphy, 252
Arasmith v. Temple, 385
Arcambel v. Wiseman, 235
Archbold v. Building, etc., Assoc, 324a
Archer v. Milwaukee, A. E. & S. Co., 619
V. Williams, 608, 527
Archibald v. Davis, 86a
Arctic Bird, The, 844
Arden v. Goodacre, 552, 553
Area v. Milliken, 817
Arents v. Com., 346
Arentsen v. Moreland, 1010
Argentine, The, 589
Argentino, The, 196, 593
Argotsinger v. Vines, 933, 1295
Aries, The, 587
Arimond v. Green Bay & Miss. C. Co.,
1116
Arkansas & L. Ry. v. Stroude, 77 Ark.
109, 91 S. W. 18; 368
Arkansas & L. Ry. v. Stroude,. 82 Ark.
117; 894, 1341
Arkansas Lumber Co. v. Wallace, 1355
Arkansas M. Ry. v. Robinson, 44
Arkansas River Packet Co, v. Hobbs,
2215
Arkansas V. & W. R. R. v. Witt, 1123
Arkansas V. L. & C. Co. v. Mann, 182a,
498
Arkansas V. T. &. L. Co. v. Lincoln,
182, 607
Arlington, Lord v. Merricke, 692(i
Arm£igost ti. Rising, 1261
Armentrout v. St. Louis, K. E. & N.
R. R., 119
Armfield v. Marsh, 203
Armonia, The, 593
Armory v. Delamirie, 76, 170o, 1300
Armour v. Czischki, 1367
V. Gundersheimer, 2126
Armour & Co. v. Kollmeyer, 43i, 1216
Armour Packing Co. v. Orrick, 684a
Armstrong v. American Exch. Nat.
Bank, 301, 311/
V. Auburn, 1355
V. Jackson, 481
V. Maybee, 999^
t>. Percy, 774
V. Pierson, 233, 451
V. Rhoades, 487a, 489
Armytage !). Haley, 1368
Am V. Mathews, 933
Amd V. Amling, 76
Arndt v. Keller, 656
Arnold v. Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry., 222
V. Blabon, 734, 1296
I). Commonwealth, 692t
V. Rhode Island Co., 1342
V. Savings Co.,- 364
V. State, 692/
V. Suffolk Bank, 747
V. Woodward, 905
Amott V. Redfem, 285, 287
V. Spokane, 153a, 308, 6226
V. Standard Assoc, 448(i
Aronson v. H. B. Claflin Co., 741
Arpin ti. Burch, 317
Arrigoni v. Johnson, 979
Arrington V. Wilmington & W. R. R.,
519, 524, 853
Arris v. Stukely, 569
Arrowsmith v. Gordon, 497, 606, 1261
Artherholt v. Erie E. M. Co., 380
Arthur v. The Cassius, 844
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 318
V. Moss, 774
V. Wheeler & W. M. Co., 303, 316
Arzaga v. Villalba, 375
Asfar V. Blumdell, 710
Ash V. Beck, 762
Ash V. Brewton, 301
Ashbumer v. Balchen, 211, 858
Ashby V. Bates, 1286
V. Sharp, 688
V. White, 29, 32, 97
Ashcom V. Smith, 1023
Ashcraft v. Allen, 636
V. Chapman, 482
Ashdown v. Ely, 992
V. Ingamells, 628
Ashe V. De Rossett, 151
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2777
Ashe V. Harris County, 337
Asheboro W. & M. Co. v. Southern Ry.,
152
Asher v. Louisville & Nashville R. R.,
1138a
V. Stacey, 199
Ashford v. Thornton, 15
Ashhurst v. Field, 306
Ashkanazy v. Sachs, 614
Ashland L. S. & C. Co. v. Shores, 618,
620, 657
Ashley v. Aberdeen, 1350
V. Rocky M. B. T. Co.. 222, 897a
V. Root, 810
V. Warner, 87
Ashmead v. Wilson, 906, 910
Ashmore v. Cox, 737
Ashton V. Margolies, 614
Ashuelot R. R. v. Elliot, 304, 325, 346
Ashworth v. Wells, 768
Aslin V. Parkin, 911, 920
Asmossen v. Swift & Co., 1363
Aspinwall v. Blake, 345
Asprey v. Levy, 705
Assignment of Murdoch, In re, 311/
Astley V. Weldon, 395, 398
Astrachan, The, 2436
Aswell V. Scranton, 1142
Atchison V. The Doctor Franklin, 592
V. Lyon, 1161
V. Rose, 1303
Atchison & N. R. R. v. Garside, 1110
V. Gough, 1164, 1167
Atchison County Bank v. Byers, 777
Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. v. Armstrong,
1108
V. Arthurs, 937o
V. Ayers, 316
V. Bivins, 844
V. Blackshire, 1148
V. Boerner, 1123
0. Bourdett, 854
V. Briggs, 932
V. Brown, 575
V. Chamberlain, 368
V. Chance, 43flf
V. Chicago, etc., R. R., 1021, 336o
V. Click, 1354
V. Cross, 575
V. Cuniffe, 1342
Atchison v. Fajardo, 1367
V. Gabbert, 293
V. Geiser, 933
». Grant, 852
V. Hamilton, 933
V. Hastiags, 1348
V. Hogue, 363, 1342
V. Hughes, 1367
V. Huitt, 932
V. Lawler, 844
V. Lee, 1353
V. Luening, 1112
V. McGinnis, 43/
V. Moore, 1326
V. Osage County, 1174
V. Palmore, 1309
V. Rice, 1270
V. Richards, 1331
V. Ringle, 368
V. Ryan, 574
V. Seeger, 1355
V. Schneider, 1157, 1169
V. Sledge, 1357
ti. Smythe, 852
9. Stewart, 1353
». Thul, 1309
V. Townsend, 584
». Van Belle, 580a, 1367
V. Weber, 579
V. Wilson, 573a, 580
Atherton v. Cochran, 310o
V. Fowler, 334
V. Williams, 806
Athletic Baseball Assoc, v. St. Louis
S. P. Assoc, 607
Athlone Rifle Range, In re, 1105
Atkin V. Acton, 674
Atkins V. Baily, 681a
V. Barnstable, 657
V. Cobb, 755, 762, 1060
V. Gladwish, 233
V. Hosley, 774
«. Moore, 76, 77, 6916
V. Van Buren School Twp., 1076
Atkinson v. Atlantic & P. R. R., 293
V. Beard, 71, 74, 999A
V. Burton, 824
V. Coatsworth, 789
V. Hewett, 73
V. Morse, 614
2778
[References
Atkinson v. Newcastle & G. W. W.
Co., 164
V. Richardson, 302
Atkisson v. The Castle Garden, 844
Atkyns v. Kinnier, 418
Atlanta v. Central R. R., 1137
V. Green, 1123, 1137
V. Word, 11540, 1160a
Atlanta & B. A. L. Ry. v. Brown, 125a,
937
V. Wood, 947
Atlanta & L. G. R. R. v. Hodnett, 613
Atlanta & W. P. R. R. v. Haralson,
171a
V. Hudson, 435a, 438
V. Johnson, 41, 86c, 1306
V. Newton, 580a
V. Potts, 366
V. Smith, 4866
V. Texas Grate Co., 854
V. Venable, 577
Atlanta Elevator Co. v. Fulton Bag &
Cotton Mills, 84, 85a
Atlanta I. & C. Co. v. Mixon, 438
Atlanta Ins. Co. v. Manning, 722
Atlanta Nat. Bank v. Davis, 171a,
1310a
Atlanta S. A. B. Ry. v. Thomas, 630
Atlanta S. C. O. Mills v. Coffey, 226d
Atlanta St. R. R. v. Jacobs, 41a
Atlanta Terra Cotta Co. v. Ga. R. &
E. Co., 1166c
Atlantic & B. Ry. ». Howard Supply
Co., 844
Atlantic & C. A. L. Ry. v. Victor Mfg.
Co., 1256c
Atlantic & D. Ry. v. Delaware Con-
struction Co., 189, 6476, 647c
Atlantic & D. R. R. v. Peake, 1110
Atlantic & G. C. C. C. Co. v. Mary-
land Coal Co., 363a, 368, 935
Atlantic & G. W. R. R. v. Campbell,
1293
V. Dmm, 360, 380
V. Koblentz, 331a
Atlantic & N. C. R. R. v. Atlantic &
N. C. Co., 803
Atlantic & P. Co. v. Barnes, 681a
Atlantic & W. P. Ry. v. Newton, 574a
Atlantic C. L. R. R. v. Davis, 926
TABLE OF CASES
are to sections]
Atlantic C. L. R. R. v. Goodwin, 851
V. Moore, 171a
V. Powell, 1271o
V. Turner, 1326
Atlantic Coast Line R. R. v. Dees, 1216
Atlantic Consolidated St. Ry. v. Keeny,
365
Atlantic Ins. Co. v. Bird, 841
Atlantic Nat. Bank v. Davis, 1310a
V. Harris, 303
Atlantic Phosphate Co. v. GrafHin, 308
Atlas, The, 30, 588, 690, 591, 592, 599
Atlas Bank v. Doyle, 703
Atlas P. C. Co. V. Hopper, 742a
Atlas S. S. Co. V. The Colon, 596
Atlee V. Packet Co., 599
Atrops V. Costello, 377a, 575
Attack V. Bramwell, 943, 990a
AttersoU v. Stevens, 69, 71, 950, 999a
Attorney General v. Cape Fear Nav.
Co., 338
V. Guardian M. L. I. Co., 730
V. Metropolitan Ry., 1098
Attoway v. Still, 685?
Attrill V. Patterson, 1258, 1259
Attwood V. Bangor, 95, 924
V. Fricot, 932
Atwater v. Trustees, 1111
V. Whiteman, 778, 1030
Atwood V. Fagan, 414, 426
V. Forwarding, etc., Co., 438
V. Lucas, 755
V. Union M. F. I. Co., 726
Auburn v. Berthiaume, 453
Auchmuty v. Ham, 352
Auer V. Pennsylvania, 999/
Auger V. Cook, 121d, 199
V. Smith, 1027
August V. Finnerty, 1345
Augusta V. Marks, 1137
V. Owens, 171a
V. Schraneck, 1163
V. Tharpe, 1353
Augusta Factory v. Barnes, 376
V. Davis, 573, 575
Augusta Nat. Bank v. Hewins, 330
Augusta R. R. v. Glover, 571c
Augusta Steam Laundry Co. v. Debow,
426
Aulger V. Clay, 3406
Aulick V. Adams, 1285
AuUs V. Young, 734
Ault V. Dustin, 636c
Aultman v. Case, 767
V. Daggs, 756
V. Mason, 767
V. Shelton, 762
V. Stichler, 635
V. Stout, 762
Aultman & Co. v. Ginn, 762
Aultman & T. Co. v. Hetherington,
762
Aultman Co. v. McDonough, 1060
Aumann v. Philadelphia & R. R. R.,
1161
Aune V. Austin-Williams Timber Co.,
2146
Aurentz v. Porter, 269
Aurora v. West, 346
Aurora, The, 1367
Aurora Hill C. M. Co. v. 85 M. Co., 935
Austin V. Crawford, 822
Austin V. Austin, 661
V. Bacon, 444a, 445
V. Bartlett, 41a
V. Drewe, 723a
V. Field, 999e
V. Hilliers, 1368
V. Huntsville C. & M. Co., 935
V. Langlois, 519
V. Miller, 56
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 1353
V. Townes, 678
V. Walsh, 1171
V. Wilson, 386
Austin's Will, In re, 301c
Austin R. T. Ry. v. CuUen, 1367
Australian Smelting Co. v. British
Broken Hill Proprietary Co., 742a
Austrian, see Leo Austrian.
Autenrieth v. St. Louis, etc., R. R.,
932, 1140
Auzerais v. Naglee, 311
Avakian v. Noble, 380a
Avant V. Watson, 753
Avary v. Searcy, 938
Aven ti. Frey, 185
Avenell v. Croker, 100
Avent V. Hurd, 914
Avera v. WiUiams, 363a
TABLE OP CASES 2779
IReferences are to sections]
Averett v. Brady, 908, 909, 909a, 915,
916
Averill C. & O. Co. v. Verner, 343
Averitt v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1360
Avery v. Brown, 9996, 1047
V. Catlin, 506
V. Dickson, 533
V. Dougherty, 9996
!;. Fitch, 85a
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
1295
V. Segura Sugar Co., 617
V. Van Dusen, 1147
Avindino v. Beck, 565, 566a
Avon M. I. Co. V. Bateaux, 717
Axle Co. V. Michigan Buggy Co., 742a
Ayer v. Ayer, 301c
V. Spring, 921
V. Tilden, 326
V. Western U. T. Co., 885'
Ayers v. Bartlett, 81
V. Macoughtry, 483
V. Mahuka, 638a, 6386
V. Metcalf, 298
Aylesbury Mercantile Co. v. Fitch, 55a,
494a
Aylet V. Dodd, 395
Ayliff V. Hardy, 1328
Ayling v. London & India Docks Com-
mittee, 674
Ayres v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 854
V. Delaware, L. & W. R. R., 86c,
172o
V. Hayes, 302
V. Hubbard, 503, 934
V. Pease, 400
V. Richards, 1178
B
B. V. I., 451
V. Rome, W. & O. R. R., 1367
B. & C, The, 587
B. A. Stevens Co. v. Whalen, 762, 764
B. B. Ford & Co. v. Lawson, 246, 636a
B. C. Evans Co. v. Reeves, 317
B. L. Blair Co. v. Rose, 492a
B. Roth Tool Co. V. Champ Spring
Co., 995
B. Shoninger Co. v. Mann, 1354
2780 TABLE
[References
Babbet v. Belding, 679o
Babcock v. Appleton Manuf . Co., 667
V. Coldwell, 492a
V. Reeves, 685m
V. Trice, 1049
Babcock, Matter of, 3115
Babcock-Comish Co. v. Urquhart, 1006
Bach V. Levy, 762
V. Miller, 316
Bachert v. Lehigh C. & N. Co., 948
Bacigalupi v. Phoenix B. & C. Co., 419
Backenstoss v. Stabler, 493a, 1042
Backes v. Black, 753
Backus V. Cayne, 808
V. Chapman, 906
V. McCoy, 959, 966
V. Richardson, 1276
Bacon v. Bacon, 1336
V. Callender, 962
V. Charlton, 1289, 1307
V. Cropsey, 557
V. Pullman Co., 873a
V. Thornton, 917
V. Towne, 460
Bader v. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry.,
572
Badders v. Davis, 655
Baden v. McKenney, 921, 922
Bader v. Southern Pac. R. R., 872
Badger v. Titcomb, 85a, 636j
Badgett v. Broughton, 316, 760
V. Jordan, 325
Badgley v. Decker, 474
Badostain v. Grazide, 384
Baetjer v. Bors, 793a
Bagby v. Harris, 98
Baggett V. Beard, 237
Bagley v. Bates, 664
V. Cleveland R. M. Co., 223, 766
V. Findlay, 755
V. Peddle, 404
V. Smith, 193
V. Stern, 312
Bagnal v. Sacheverel, 1260
Bagot V. Williams, 84
Bahia & S. F. Ry., In re, 508
Bahr v. Manke, 120a
V. N. Pac. Ry., 43s
Bailey v. Agawam Bank, 970
V. American D. & L. Co., 623
OF CASES
are to sections]
Bailey v. Bailey, 445, 4806
V. Buchanan County, 346
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 933
V. Clay, 1024
V. Damon, 211, 588
V. Fairplay, 911
V. Godfrey, 82
V. Grimes, 83
V. Hastings, 915
V. Hyde, 452
V. Isle of Thanet L. Railwajrs,
1081
f . James, 678
V. Kalamazoo Pub. Co., 4486
V. Kling, 1335
V. Krupp, 984
V. Rome, W. & O. R. R., 1356
V. Scott, 979
V. Shaw, 844, 1300
V. Walton, 365
V. Warner, 462, 464
V. Wobum, 1161
V. Woods, 655
BaiUie v. Bryson, 355
Bailho V. Bumey, 63
Baily v. Carnduff, 834
Bain v. Fothergill, L. R. 7 H. L. 158;
603
V. Fothergill, L. R. 6 Ex. 59; 1104,
1007
V. Peters, 340a
Bainbridge v. Nielson, 711
V. Wilcocks, 310, 311, 341
Baine Lumber Co. v. U. S., 1172o
Bains v. Perry, 908
Bair v. Sleicher, 643
Baird v. Hall, 278
V. New York Cent. & H. R. R.
R., 1354
V. Schuylkill R. E. S. R. R., 1164
V. ToUiver, 408, 424
V. U. S., 84
Baker v. Ashe, 439e
V. Baker, 339o, 636?
V. Best, 1347
V. Bolton, 570
V. Boston, 35
V. Boston El. R. R., 1165o
V. Bower, 549
V. Corbett, 979
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2781
Baker o. Cornelius, 70
V. Cummings, 310a
V. Dewey, 964
V. Drake, 53 N. Y. 211; 30, 214,
228e, 429, 510, 828
V. Drake, 66 N. Y. 518; 510, 521
V. Freeman, 214, 565o
V. Garratt, 555, 805
V. Hagey, 483
V. Hamburg-American Packet Co.,
1354
V. Hart, 76, 935
I). Holtpzaffell, 999c
V. Manh. Ry., 180
I). Martin, 705, 803
V. Meisch, 534, 935
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1348
V. Mims, 435, 937(i, 938
V. Morris, 678
V. North East Borough, 43h
V. Philadelphia & R. Ry., 1367
V. Public Service Ry., 1356
V. Railsback, 1053
V. Seavey, 1298
V. Secor, 464
V. Shoals, 1108
». State, 614
V. Western U. T. Co., 881
V. Wheeler, 317, 429, 499, 934
V. WiUiams Banking Co., 302a
Baker's Appeal, 271
Baker Transfer Co. v. Merchants' R.
& I. M. Co., 608, 614
Balderston ». Western U. Tel. Co.,
371a
Baldridge v. Dawson, 536, 537
Baldwin v. Bennett, 612, 834ff
V. Blanchard, 151
V. Bohl, 908
V. Boulware, 44Sd
V. Bradley, 79, 80
V. Central Sav. Bk., 613
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 932
V. Cole, 55
V. Collin, 851
V. Fries, 386
«. G. M. Davidson & Co., 494
V. Greenwoods Turnpike Co., 124
V. Lessner, 606a
V. Lincoln County, 2216
Baldwin v. Munn, 959, 1010, 1012
V. Newark, 1148
V. People's Ry., 120a, 575
V. Porter, 58
V. San Antonio, 331a
V. Sullivan Timber Co., 857
■;. United States Tel. Co., 146,
160, 169, 212a, 879
V. Walker, 682a, 683
V. Western R. R., 1261, 1270
V. Zadik, 333
Baldwin's Appeal, 1308
Baldwin Coal Co. v. Davis, 308a
Baldwin S. C. Co. v. Quinn, 685fc
Baldy v. Stratton, 637a, 639, 639a
Bale V. Mudd, 311
Bales V. Wingfield, 547
Ball V. Britton, 193, 603, 616
V. Bruce, 474
V. Coggs, 636to
V. Horrigan, 462
V. Keokuk & N. W. Ry., 1295,
1308, 1334
V. Levin, 373
V. Liney, 60
V. Nye, 33
V. Peterman Mfg. Co., 1357
Ballard v. Shutt, 3016
Ballentine v. N. Mo. R. R., 856
V. Robinson, 751, 752
Ballet V. BaUet, 963
Ballingalls v. Gloster, 700
Ballou V. Earle, 851
V. Farnum, 46, 47, 485o
Balsley v. Hoffman, 678
Baltimore v. Black, 1151
V. Merryman, 95, 1116
V. Rice, 1156
Baltimore, The, 30, 235, 589, 592
Baltimore & I. R. R. v. Springer, 1154
Baltimore & L. T. Co. v. Cassell, 1216
Baltimore & O. R. R. v. Barger, 384
V. Blocher, 380
V. Boyd, 63 Md. 325; 367, 1159
V. Boyd, 67 Md. 32; 931, 932
V. Camp, 490
V. Carr, 42, 862
V. Dougherty, 844
V. Golway, 577
V. Henthorne, 485
2782 TABLE
[References
B. & O. R. R. V. Lafferty, 656, 660
V. Lansing, 1157
V. Noell, 573a
V. O'Donnell, 492b
V. PoUy, 655/
V. Pumphrey, 152, 583
V. Ragesdale, 851
V. Springer, 1154
V. Stanley, 577
V. State, 24 Md. 271; 574, 578
V. State, 33 Md. 542; 574
V. State, 60 Md. 449; 574
V. State, 63 Md. 135; 573o, 577
V. State, 81 Md. 371; 578, 580a
V. Stewart, 615
V. Strube, 380, 384
V. Thompson, 125
V. Weedon, 559a
V. Wightman, 67a, 573o, 574a, 577
Baltimore & O. S. W. R. R. v. Davis,
380
V. Higgins, 75
V. Stewart, 191
V. Then, 170a, 575
V. Quillen, 932
Baltimore & P. R. R. v. Fifth Baptist
Church, 42, 1089, 1111, 1188,
1210
V. Reany, 1116
Baltimore & R. T. v. State, 573a, 574a,
577, 578
Baltimore & S. P. R. R. v. Hackett, 203,
225
Baltimore & Yorktown Turnpike v.
Boone, 360, 366, 372, 380
Baltimore Base Ball Club Co.w. Pickett,
667
Baltimore Belt R. R. v. McColgan, 932,
1116
V. Sattler, 947
Baltimore C. & A. Ry. v. Kirby, 363a,
380
Baltimore City Pass. Ry. v. Baer, 67o
V. Kemp, 1216, 150, 868
V. Sewell, 35 Md. 238; 519, 736
V. Sewell, 37 Md. 443; 335
Baltimore F. Ins. Co. v. Loney, 301,
724
Baltimore Marine Ins. Co. v. Dal-
rymple, 80, 519
OF CASES
are to sections]
Baltimore P. B. & L. Society v. Smith,
1010
Baltimore Smelting Co. v. Ammonia
Co., 755
Baltzell V. Moritz, 620, 1039
Baltzer v. Chicago, M. & N. R. R., 1357
Bamberger v. Kahn, 686a
Bamford v. Harris, 1038
Bancroft v. Boston, 1147
V. Cambridge, 1151
V. Parker, 567
V. Scribner, 822
Bancroft- Whitney Co. v. The Queen,
852
Banderob v. Wisconsin Cent. Ry., 1355
Bane v. Gridley, 423
Banewur v. Levenson, 622
Banfield v. Marks, 789
Bange v. FUnt, 695
Bangor & P. R. R. v. McComb, Sdla,
1166
Bangor Bank v. Hook, 705
Bangor Furnace Co. v. Magill, 858
Bangs V. Bailey, 301
V. Mcintosh, 301
Bank v. Bowdre, 452
V. Johnson, 979
V. Miller, 917
V. Ward, 120
Bank of Bisbee v. Graf, 834
Bank of Brighton v. Smith, 678, 694
Bank of CaUfomia v. Western Union
Telegraph Co., 878
Bank of Commerce v. Goos, 131
Bank of LeRoy v. Harding, 490
Bank of Mobile v. Huggins, 812, 814,
819
V. Marston, 563o
Bank of Montgomery v. Reese, 514, 745
Bank of New Orleans v. Western U. T.
Co., 881
Bank of New South Wales v. Milvain,
153a
Bank of North ColUns v. Gary Safe Co.,
762
Bank of Orange v. Brown, 811
Bank of Owensboro v. Western Bank,
8186
Bank of Palo Alio v. Pacific P. T. C.
Co., 380, 506a
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2783
Bank of Rome v. Curtiss, 549
V. Mott, 5656
Bank of U. S. v. Dunseth, 921
V. Magill, 677, 678
Bank of Upper Canada v. Widmer, 260
Bank of Victoria v. Synnot, 991
Banks of Comrs. v. La Fayette Bank,
302a
V. Security Trust Co., 302a
Banks v. Braman, 1306
V. McClellan, 345
V. McDowel, 692y
V. Macher, 311c
Bann v. Dalzell, 287
Bannatyne v. Florence Milling & Min-
ing Co., 170
Bannister v. Roberts, 345
Bannon ti. Baltimore & O. R. R., 368,
481
V. Frank, 956
V. Murphy, 748
V. Rohmeiser, 932
Banta v. Banta, 666
Bantel v. Amer. Mach. Co., 149
Barbee v. Reese, 121
Barber v. Backhouse, 1050
V. Barber, 445
V. Dewes, 435
V. Ellingwood, 512, 531, 82]
V. Hathaway, 497c
V. Rose, 1046
Barber A. P. Co. v. Wabash, 419
Barbour v. Flick, 1030, 1071
V. Nichols, 1007, 1012
V. Stephenson, 47, 473
Barbour Co. v. Horn, 86c, 490
Barclay v. Copeland, 385
V. Gooch, 797
V. Kennedy, 311, 344
V. Puget S. L. Co., 1357
V. Russ, 278
V. Stirlmg, 1034
Barclay R. R. v. Ingham, 1172a
Barcus v. Hannibal R. C. & P. P. R.,
660, 662
Barden v. Portage, 932, 1177
Bardwell v. Jamaica, 214a
Bare v. Hoffman, 93, 319, 320, 941
Barelli v. Brown, 310
Barg V. Bousfield, 1357
Barham v. Massey, 531a
Baiholt V. Wright, 487
Barhyte v. Hughes, 1042
Barkalow v. Pfeiffer, 656, 657
Barker v. Anderson, 222
V. Bates, 943
V. Borzone, 858
V. Chase, 76
V. Cory, 492
V. Dixie, 1368
V. Green, 98, 547
V. Jefferson, 1353
V. Knickerbocker Ins. Co., 667
V. Lewis Storage & Transfer Co.,
251, 251a, 315
V. Mann, 741, 762
V. Prizer, 446
D. Taunton, 1147
V. Troy & Rutland R. R., 656
V. Western U. T. Co., 170, 888
V. Westover, 431
Barley v. Chicago & A. R. R., 575, 580
V. Mill Creek C. Co., 924a
Barlow w. Lowder, 98, 364, 365, 372
V. United States, 614
Barnard v. Bartholomew, 308o, 310,
314
V. Conger, 734
V. National F. I. Co., 722a
V. Poor, 193, 233, 358
Bamed v. Hamilton, 745
Barnes v. Bartlett, 540
V. Berendes, 182
V. Bluthenthal, 755
V. Brown, 107d, 619, 735o
V. Campbell, 47
V. Clement, 412
V. Coal Co., 89
V. Columbia Lead Co., 575, 1367
V. Cushing, 681a
V. Jones, 930a
V. Keene, 486c
V. Martin, 50, 486
V. Michigan Air Line Ry., 1109
V. Seligman, 735a
I). Squier, 1031
w. Viall, 466
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 226;,
894
V. Willett, 553, 554
2784
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Barnes' Estate, In re, 301c
Barnett v. Chicago & A. R. R., 862
V. Elwood Grain Co., 208a, 734,
741
V. Hughey, 964
V. Lucas, 85c
V. Luther, 108, 599o
V. Montgomery, 982
V. Thompson, 517a
Bamette v. Hicks, 1325
Bamette S. M. Co. v. Fort Harrison
L. Co., 614
Barney v. Dewey, 32
V. Douglass, 537, 540
V. Dudley, 259, 730
V. Saunders, 311e
V. Spangler, 667, 673c, &7Zd
Bamhart v. Edwards^ 336
D. Hughes, 968
Bamingham v. Smith, 636&
Bams V. Learned, 964, 975
Bamum v. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry.,
584a
V. TumbuU, 339a
V. Vandusen, 125, 927
Barnwell v. Mitchell, 705
Baron v. Abeel, 920
Barr v. City of Kansas, 1363
V. Hack, 451
V. Haseldon, 304
V. Henderson, 618
V. Kimball, 990c
V. Logan, 753, 755
V. Moore, 377, 386
V. Omaha, 1130
V. Stevens, 35
V. Van Duyn, 660, 670
Barrall v. Quick, 1155
Barrante v. Garratt, 493
Barre Water Co. v. Cames, 685i
Barree v. Cape Girardeau, 1355
Barrelett v. Bellgard, 55
Barrere v. Somps, 302a
Barrett v. Bowers, 685J;
V. Grand Rapids Veneer Works,
Igg, 614
V. Kelly, 915
V. Mobile, 383c
V. Porter, 969
V. Raleigh, C. & C. Co., 613
Barrett v. Verdery, 753
Barretts P. & H. D. E. Co. v. Wharton,
620
Barrick v. Schifterdecker, 48 Hun, 355;
93
V. Schifferdecker, 123 N. Y. 52;
932
Barrie v. Quimby, 737
Barrington v. Washington Bank, 694
Barron v. Morrison, 334
V. Mullin, 258, 758
V. The Mayor of Baltimore, 1107
Barrow v. Amaud, 563
V. HiU, 1286b
V. Reab, 312, 313o
V. Window, 1060
Barrows v. Fox, 942
Barruso ». Madan, 1261
Barry v. Bennett, 81
V. Cavanagh, 753
V. Chicago I. & S. L. S. L. Ry., 925
V. Harris, 418
V. Kurshan, 1347
V. Mandell, 793
Barstow v. Robinson, 308a
Bartells v. Redfield, 340
Bartelt v. Braunsdorf, 975
Bartenbach, In re, 302
Barth v. Burt, 1073
V. Kansas City El. Ry., 573o, 574
V. Merritt, 1326
V. Union Nat. Bank, 257
V. Ward, 980
Barthgate v. Haskin, 343
Bartholomew v. Bentley, 32
V. Jackson, 673d
Bartlett v. Bangor, 1160a
V. Blanchard, 734
V. Blanton, 334
V. Brickett, 537
V. Farrington, 1058
V. Hohnes, 1043
V. Kidder, 78, 83
V. Marshall, 302a
V. Odd Fellows' S. Bank, 834?
V. Slater, 301c
V. Smith, 1007
V. Western U. T. Co., 874, 876
V. Wheeler, 681a
Bartlett, In re, 301c
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2786
Bartley v. Richtmyer, 474
V. TrorUcht, 1262
Barton v. Bruley, 488
». Fisk, 685i
V. Glover, 418
V. ShuU, 691a
Barton-Child Co> v^ Scarborough, 734
Barton Coal Co. v. Cox,, 836, 363a, 935
Bartram v. Hering, 984, 1009
Bartsh v. Afewaiter, 267
Bascom v. Manning, 1072
Bash V. Bash, 1020
Basham v. Hammond Packing Co.,
1216
Baster v. Nichols, 89
Bass V. C. & N. W. Ry., 36 Wisi 450;
357, 380
V. Chicago & N, W. R. R.,, 39 Wis.
636; 1328
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 42 Wis.
654; 379
V. Postal T. C. Co., 885
D. West, 70, 127a, 988
Bassett v. Bassett, 1012a
V. Fairohild, 673e
V. French, 666
V. Kinney, 3116
V. Salisbury Manuf. Co., 33, 99
V. Sanboim, 301, 657, 824a
Bastable v. Denegal, 819
Bastard v. Bastard, 841
Basten v. Butter, 1036, 1037
Baaye w. Ambrose, 408> 413
Batchelder v. Bartholomew, 1275
V. Sturgis, 156, 60S, 967, 975, 976,
979, 980a
Bate V. Burr, 308
V. Philadelphia, etc., R. R., 1160
Bateman v. Goodyear, 930o
V. Ryder, 2&1
Bateman, Ex parte, 623, 817
Batemann ». Cook, 367
Bates V. Callender, 360, 373a
V. Clark, 55, 494, 5636
V. Courtwright, 60
V. Fisk Brothers' Wagon Co., 764
V. Hamilton, 305
V. Hudson, 673/
V. Loomis, 107a
V. Ray, 942
175
Bates V. St. Johnsbuty & L. C. R. R.,
323, 1221, 1244
V. Stansell, 519
V. Starr, 310
V. Warrick, 76 N. J>. L. 108.; 932
V. Warrick, 77 N. J. L. 387; 182a
V. Wilson, 334
V. Wynn, 3016
Bates Mach. Co. v. Norton Iron Works,
165, 742a
Bathke v. Krassin, 1338
Bathrick v. Coffin, 193
Batson v. Higginbothem, 99, 347
Battell V. Wallace, 449
Batten v. Transit Co., 485a
Batterman U: Pierce, 1046, 1047, 1D53
Batterson v. Chicago & G. T. Ry., 47,
865
Battey v. Holbrook, 675e, 676
Battis V. Hamlin, 531a
Battishill v. Reed, 74
Battle V. Rochester City Bank, 1012a
V. Western U. T. Cov, 894
Battler, The, 598
Battley «. Faulkner, 84, 773
Baudin v. Pollock, 334
Bauer v. Gottmanhausen, 384a
V. OUendorf, 1347
V. Richter, 574, 574a
V. Roth, 789
Bauer Grocer Co. v. Zelle,. 324a
Baughan v. Brown, 633o
Baum V. Reed, 334
Bauman v. Lamont, 1336
V. New Castle, 1151
Baumgartenv. Alliance j^ssur. Coi, 370
Baumier v. Antiau, 930
Bautel V. American Mach. Co., 980a
Baxendale v. l,ondon, C. & D. Ry., 236,
240, 241, 850
Baxley v. Tallassee & M. R. R., 843,
843a
Baxter v. Bradbury, 977'
V. Camjjbeir, 363, 387
V. Dominion Tel. Co., 876
V. Gilson Collins Co., 740
V. Magill, 365
V. Ryerss, 956, 982
V. State, 988a
V. Taylor, 74
2786
TABLE OF CASES
[Eeferences are to sections]
Baxter v. Waite, 310
V. Wales, 606c
V. Winooski Turnpike Co., 35, 946
Bay Shore R. R. v. Harris, 86c
Bayard v. Inglis, 905
Baychester Ave., In re, 1172o
Bayle v. Norris, 934
Bayles v. Savery Hotel Co., 1363
Bayley v. Bates, 544, 557
Baylis v. Scudder, 685m
Bayliss v. Fisher, 55, 435
V. Pearson, 339(t
Bayly v. Lawrence, 999d
Baynard v. Harity, 148
Bazemore v. Bynum, 676
Bazin v. Steamship Co., 317, 844
Beach v. CoUes, 310a
V. Grain, 89, 636fe, 999ft
V. Hancock, 42, 481
V. Mullin, 674
V. Nordman, 982
V. Stouffer, 673d
Beakes v. Holman, 991
Beal V. Finch, 431, 1279
Beale v. Boston, 243c, 252, 1178
V. Hayes, 413, 679
V. Seiveley, 973
V. Thompson, 983
Beall V. Beall, 336
. V. Pearre, 1072
V. Silver, 334
Beals V. Guernsey, 295, 317
». Supervisors, 337
V. Terry, 734
Beam v. Beatty, 678, 679a
Beaman v. Martha Washington Min.
Co., 575
V. Stewart, 565
Bean v. Carleton, 197, 618
V. Chapman, 340c
V. Green, 1254
V. Harrington, 973
V. Mayo, 973
V. Travelers' Ins. Co., 731
V. Wells, 439/
Bear ». Harriss, 121o
Bearce v. Jackson, 956
Beard v. Delany, 408, 1008
Bearden v. Smith, 408
Beardmore v. Barton, 1342
Beardmore v. Carrington, 350
Beardslee v. Horton, 305
Beardsley v. Bridgman, 448(2
V. Davis, 817
V. Lehigh V. Ry., 1164
V. Root, 797
V. Swann, 41, 226/, 483
V. Webber, 302a
Beare v. Wright, 777
Bearse v. Pigs of Copper, 599c
Bearss v. Preston, 82
Beasley v. Meigs, 447
V. Philips, 961, 976, 979
V. Swinton, 1027
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894
Beath v. Rapid Ry., 47, 1270, 1270a
Beatrice Gas Co. v. Thomas, 924, 948
Seattle v. Detroit, 226/
V. Moore, 1368, 1369
V. New York & L. I. C. Co., 612
V. New York, N. H. & H. R. R.,
610
Beatty v. How Lumber Co., 655o
V. Oille, 109
Beauchamp v. Damory, 963, 975
V. Taylor, 91
Beaudrot v. Southern Ry., 363, 387
Beauerle v. Michigan C. Ry., 1216
Beaulieu v. Great Northern Ry., 45,
856a
V. Parsons, 1326
Beaumont v. Greathead, 105
Beaumont Lumber Co. v. Ballard, 69
Beaupland v. McKeen, 975, 977
Beaupre v. Pacific & Atlantic Telegraph
Co., 879
Beave v. St. Louis Transit Co., 1363
Beaver County v. Armstrong, 346
Beavers v. Bowen, 481
Beck «. Devereaux, 89
„. Dowell, 111 Mo. 506; 385
V. Dowell, 40 Mo. App. 71; 490,
1271a
V. Indianapolis L. & P. Co., 423
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 1142
V. Thompson, 108 Ga. 242; 665
V. Thompson, 31 W. Va. 459; 359,
481
V. Staats, 962, 1012
V. West, 834c
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2787
Becker v. Albany Ry., 1347, 1360
V. Bailies, 81
V. Dunham, 82, 565
V. Dupree, 363, 364, 366, 378
V. Feizenbaum, 4926
V. Lincoln R. E. & B. Co., 486
V. Met. EI. R. R., 1208
V. People, 688
V. Philadelphia & R. T. R. R., 331o,
1169
V. Staab, 533
Beckerle v. Brandon, 1254
Beckett v. Grand T. Ry., 67a
V. Midland Ry., 1092, 1093, 1097
Beckford v. Hood, 543
V. Montague, 557
Beckham v. Collins, 361
V. Drake, 399, 413
Beckley v. Munson, 806
Beckman v. Fulton Counties Farmers'
Mut. F. Ins. Assoc, 725
V. Lincohi & N. W. R. R., 1165c
V. Skaggs, 234
Beckwith v. Hartford & N. H. R. R., 325
V. Nott, 636g
V. Talbot, 625
Bedell v. Powell, 1266
V. Shaw, 916
Bedford v. Bedford, 921
V. Dawson, 1096
V. Hoi-Tan Co., 760
BediQgfield v. Onslow, 931
Bedtkey v. Bedtkey, 443
Bee Printing Co. v. Hichbom, 650, 656,
1289
Bee Pub. Co. v. World Pub. Co., 358
Beebe v. Newark, 331a
Beeoher v. Baldwin, 969, 979, 1041
V. Denniston, 493
V. Derby Bridge Co., 234, 359
V. Long Island R. R., 1367
Beecker v. Vrooman, 1060
Beede v. Lamprey, 499, 502
Beekman v. Van Dolsen, 803
Beekman L. Co. v. Kittrell, 614
Beeler v. Butte & L. C. D. Co., 4106
Beeman v. Banta, 620, 766
Beers v. Board of Health, 224
V. Hamburg-American Packet Co.,
131, 441
Beers v. Reynolds, 308
V. Walhizer, 1255
Beeson v. Green Mountain G. M. Co.,
573a
Beeston v. CoUyer, 664
Beetz V. Brookljm, 126(i
Beetem v. Follmer, 1012
Befoy V. Wilson, 934a
Beggarly v. Craft, 4486
Begole V. McKenzie, 660
Begue V. Herbert, 337
Behm v. Damm, 1298
V. W. U. Tel. Co., 890
Behrens v. McKenzie, 6856
Beidler v. Fish, 134
V. Sanitary District, 1138
Beir v. Cooke, 924, 1208
Beiser v. Grever & Twaite Co., 36a
Beisiegel v. New York C. R. R., 1303
Belair v. Chicago & N. W. R. R., 1328
Belch V. Big Store Co., 625
Belck V. Belck, 364
Belden v. Nicolay, 734, 747
V. Perkins, 79, 80
V. Seymour, 965
Belding v. Black Hills & Ft. P. R. R.,
5706
V. Blum, 996
V. Johnson, 1255
Belfast & B. Ry. v. Keys, 873
Belford, Clark & Co. v. Scribner, 12466
Belfour v. Raney, 107a
Belgenland, The, 589, 593, 594
Belknap v. Boston & M. R. R., 380,
385, 1330
V. Godfrey, 1074
Bell, The, 595, 596
Bell V. Amdt, 3116
V. Atlantic C. R. R., 1337
V. Bamet, 909a
V. Bell, 20 Ga. 250; 1256h
V. Bell, 25 S. C. 149; 325
V. Boston, 1154c
V. Boyd, 797
V. Camm, 12866
V. Campbell, 537, 538
V. Cunmngham, 156, 428, 825
V. Daniels, 1220, 1226
V. Famsworth, 451
V. G. Ober & Sons Co., 497d
2788
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Bell V. Giberson, 638a, 639
V. Globe Lumber Co., 1356
V. Great N. Ry., 43fe, 861
V. Gulf & C. R. R., 481
V. Hatfield, 753
V. Hayden,, 999A
V. Jordan, 734
V. Keays, 606a
V. Logan, 295
V. McCUntock, 940
V. Medford, 913
V. Mendenhall, 310
». Midland Ry., 360
V. Mills, 768
V. Morrison, 490,, 1279, 1328
V. Morse, 1337
V. Mut. Maeh. Co., 121d
V. Norris, 1263
V. Park, 451
V. Paul, 679a
V. Reynolds, 191, 734
V. Rice, 304
V. Teague, 656
V. Truit, 424
V. U. S. Stamping Co., 1225, 1231
V. Walker, 606a, 620
u. Ward, 1031
Bellamy v. Ragsdale, 1017
Seller v. Levy,. 1347, 1355
Bellinger v. New York Central R. R.,
1112, 1182
Bellingham, The, 587
Bellingham Bay, etc., R. R. v. Straad,,
331a, 1171, 1174
Belloc V. Davis, 269
Belloni v. Freeborn, 789
Bellows V. Litchfield, 959
Belmont Mining & Milling Co. v.
Costigan, 73, 685;i
Belt V. Lawes, 1330
V. Washington W. P. Co., 630
V. Worthington, 78, 529
Belting v. Hobbett, 684
Belton V. Lockett, 490
V. London County Council, 1084
Belvidere City Ry. v. Bute, 1364
Belyea v. Minneapolis, 226/, 486
Bement v. Smith, 751
Bemis v. Gannett, 685
Bemmerly v. Woodward, 311a
Bench v. Potts, 741
V. Sheldon, 439a
Bender v. Bender, 651
V. Brooks, 935
V. Fromberger, 38, 959, 960
Bender Lumber Co. v. Wilmington
Iron Works, 742o
Bendemagle v. Cocks, 636?, 636/i
Bendich v. Scobel, 226c, 386, 932
Benedict v. Goit, 1108
V. Guardian Trust Co., 777
Benesch v. WeU, 531
Benham v. Dunbar, 1295
Benjamin v. Benjamin, 936
V. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry., 948
V. Hillard, 764
V. Stremple, 78
Benjamin F. Hunt, Jr., The, 589
Benkard v. Babcock, 340B, 991
Benner v. Phoenix Towing & Transp.
Co., 610
Benners v. Clemens, 274
Bennet v. Jenkins, 3016
V. Johnson, 310
Bennett v. Alcot, 929, 1326
V. Bartlett, 774
V. Beam, 53, 638, 638o, 639, 641c
V. Bennett, 448d
V. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 1254,
1358
V. Brown, 680
V. Buchan, 30, 376, 634
V. Buchanan, 799
V. Byram, 841
V. ClMnence, 935a
V. Cook, 343
V. DowUng, 803
V. Drew, 844
V. Dyer, 163
V. Gibbons, 234, 359
V. Jenkins, 959, 981
V. Lambert, 685Z
V. Latham, 303
V. Levi, 1249, 1366
V. Lockwood, 226c, 437, 540
V. Marion, 102 la. 425; 380b
V. Marion, 106 la. 628; 1110, 1148
V. Matthews, 447
V. Morton, 667
V. New Orleans, 1112
TABLiE OF CASES
2789
(References
Bennett v. Phelps, 6556
V. Salisbury, 378
V. Smith, 21 Barb. 439; 480
V. Smith, 23 Hmi 50; 383a
V. Telegraph Co., 8946
V. Thompson, 502, 933, 934
V. Woody, 1140
Bennett Water Co. v. Millvale, 632
Bennum v. Coursey, 96, 98
Bensel v. Lynch, 554
Bensinger v. Erhardt, 1023
Benson v. Altoona & L. V. E. iRy.,
1306
V. Atwood, 219
V. Central P. R. R., 119
V. Chicago & A. R. R., 91, 924
V. Connor, 1266, 435, 435o
V. Gibson, 395
V. Maiden & M. G. L. Co., 236d
V. New Jersey JR. R. «fe T. Co., 856
V. Port Huron Co., 762
V. Waukesha, 107c, 109
V. Wilmington, 948
Benson Mining & S. Co. v. Alta Min-
ing & S. Co., 935
Bentley v. Atlanta, 1110
V. Fischer L. & M. Co., 121<i, 128,
233, 363o, 1344
V. We^, 310
Benton v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 575
V. Craig, 303
V. Fay, 153, 190, 195, 208a, 74Q,
742
Benton Comity v. Rutherford, 978
Bentonville R. R. v. Baker, 1156
Bentz V. Northwestern Aid Assoc, 732
Benziger v. Miller, 149, 607
Bercich v. Marye, 539
Beresford v. McCune, 762
Berg V. Great Northern Ry., 226;
V. Parsons, 932
V. R. R., 366, 380
V. U. S. Leather Co., 226/
Berger v. Commercial Bank, 301a
V. St. Paul City Ry., 1360
Bergeron v. Miles, 439i
V. Peyton, 465
Bergheim v. Blaenavon, 419
Bergmann v. Jones, 360, 364, 377
Bergundthal v. Bailey, 310
.are to sections]
Bering Mfg. Co. v. Peterson, 4866
Beringer v. Dubuque St. R. R., 1348
Berkey & G. Furniture Co. v. HascaU,
742
Berkner v. Danneberg, 487a
Berley v. Seaboard A. L. Ry., 862
Berlin v. Thompson, 264
Bernard v. Duncan, 1023
Berner v. Bagnall, 314
Barney v. Dinsmore, 1296
Bernhard v. Curtis, 984, 984a
D. Rochester G. I. Co., 314o, 315
Bemheimer v. Becker, 363
Bernier v. St. Paul Gas%bt Co., 1357
Bernina, The, 588
Bernstein v. Meech, 607
Beronio v. Southern Pacific R. R., .95,
1154
Berrian v. Olmstead, 993
Berrinkott v. Trophagen, 416
Berry v. Bakeman, '641
V. Central Ry., 1326
V. Colling 664a
V. DaCosta, 639, 639o
V. Diamond, 1063
V. Dwinel, 246, 739
ti. Fletcher, 363a, 364, 365, 366
V. Folkes, 310o
V. Greenville, 2215
V. Harris, .633a
t>. Ingalls, 226c
V. Kelly, 83
V. St. Louis, M. & S. E. R. R.,
1355
V. San Francisco & N. P. R. R.,
214c
V. Shannon, 762, 762a
V. Vantries, 374, 540
V. Van Winkle, 997
V. Vreeland, 428, 1325
V. Wasserman, 684
V. Wisdom, 413
Berryman v. Cox, 490
Berthold v. Fox, 538
V. Reybum, 3406
Bertholf v. O'Reilly, 1250
Bertrand v. Byrd, 656, 657
Bertsoh v. Metropolitan St. Ry , 1355
Berwald v. Ray, 682o
Besch V. Western C. M. Co., 673d
2790
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Bessemer, L. & I. Co. v. Campbell, 579
V. Jenkins, 43a, 929, 1343
Bessent v. Harris, 821
Bessinger v. Dickerson, 692c
Besso V. Southworth, 948
Best V. Allen, 930
V. Hill, 1031
Besuden v. Hamilton County, 107a
Batcher v. Hodgman, 339a
Bethea v. McLennon, 527
Bethel v. Salem Imp. Co., 6226
Bethlehem South G. & W. Co. v.
Yoder, 1159
Bethune v. McCrary, 704
Betteley v. Stainsby, 817
Bettes V. Farewell, 339a
Betting v. Hobbett, 1249
Betts V. Gibbins, 834
V. WilUamsburgh, 1128
Beverage v. Lewis, 1135
V. Park Comm'rs, 331a
v. Rockport, 1350
V. Welch, 363, 545, 565
V. West Side Const. Co., 414
Beverly v. Burke, 916
Bevier v. Delaware & H. C. Co., 214
Bevin v. Connecticut M. L. I. Co., 729
Bevis V. Vanceburg Tel. Co., 363
Beyersdorf v. Sump, 60
Beymer v. McBride, 205, 222, 667
Bezzell v. White, 808a
Bibb V. Allen, 834
V. Freeman, 966
Bibb B. C. Co. V. Atchison, T. & S. F.
Ry., 119
Bibend v. Liverpool, etc., Ins. Co., 334
Bick V. Lang, 682
Bickell V. Colton, 313a, 516
Bickford v. Hyde Park, 1119
V. Page, 966
V. Rich, 341
Bicknell v. Buck, 756
V. Waterman, 2796, 313a
Bicknese v. Brandl, 1345
Biddeford Savings Bank v. Dwelling
House Ins. Co., 725
Biddle v. Hussman, 999d
Bideford Urban Council v. Bideford
Ry., 932
Bidwell V. Madison, 833
Bien v. Hess, 991
Bierbach v. Goodyear R. Co., 181
Bierbauer v. New York C. & H. R. R.
R., 1326
Bierer v. Fretz, 1012, 1018, 1020
Bierhaus v. Western U. T. Co., 886, 887
Biering v. First Nat. Bank of Galves-
ton, 359, 565
Bierne v. Brown, 278
Big Hill Coal Co. v. Abney, 574a
Big Sandy & C. R. R. v. Blankenship,
1363
Big Sandy Ry. v. Dils, 1162
Bigaouette v. Paulet, 48
Bigelow V. American F. P. Mfg. Co.,
222, 667
V. Bridge, 6926
V. Chicago, B. & N. Ry., 842
t). Doolittle, 317, 538
V. Hartford Bridge Co., 35
V. Jones, 962
V. Legg, 755
V. Walker, 822
V. West Wisconsin R. R., 454
Bigelow Co. V. Heintze, 492a, 494a
Bigg V. London, 1097, 1169
Biggie V. Chicago, B. & O. R. R., 1355
Biggins V. Goode, 61, 990a
Biggs V. McCurley, 209, 991, 992
Bigham v. Wabash-Pittsburg T. Ry.,
619
Bigler v. Morgan, 1017
V. Waller, 340c
Bignall v. Gould, 408, 410
Bigony v. Tyson, 408
Billingfelt v. Adamstown, 1142, 1168
Billings V. Snohomish, 1346
V. Vanderbeck, 734, 753
Billingsbley v. Billingsbley, 334
V. Maas, 1337
Billmeyer v. Wagner, 149, 734
Bilz V. Powell, 407
Binford v. Grimes, 685^
V. Johnston, 126d, 570a
V. Young, 360, 377
Bingham v. Evans, 1020
V. Gaynor, 364
V. Lipman, 379
V. Richardson, 416
V, Vanbuskirk, 688o
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Bingham v. Walla Walla, 183
V. Weiderwax, 964
Binicker v. Hannibal & S. J. R. R., 856
Binns v. McCorkle, 448(i
V. Vitagraph Co., 47
Binsse v. Wood, 302
Birch V. Clofford, 991
V. Joy, 1025
V. Lake Roland E. Ry., 1157
V. Wood, 984
Birchard v. Booth, 86c, 385, 1261
Bird V. Clark, 226c
V. Kleiner, 1028
V. Lobdell, 339a
V. Randall, 678, 679
V. Thompson, 639
V. W. & M. R. R., 371o
V. Womack, 59
Birdsall v. Carter, 762
». CooUdge, 1219, 1220, 1221,
1230a, 1234, 1241
V. Twenty-third St. Ry., 416
Birdsall Co. v. Palmer, 762a
Birdsell v. Shaliol, 1219
Birdsell Manufacturing Co. v. Brown,
823
3irdsong v. Ellis, 667
Birkel v. Chandler, 486c
Birket v. Williams, 933
Birkett v. Knickerbocker Ice Co., 575
V. Western U. T. Co., 876
Birmingham D. G. Co. v. Finley, 682
Birmingham F. Ins. Co. v. Pulver, 722
Birmingham M. R. R. v. Tennessee
C. I. & R. R., 934
Birmingham Nat. Bank v. Newport
Nat. Bank, 241
Birmingham R. & E. Co. v. Baird,
1342
V. Ward, 47
Birmingham R. L. & P. Co. v. Ander-
son, 227
V. Camp, 171
V. Chastain, 1365
V. Humphries, 486a
V. Lavender, 1365
V. Lee, 366
V. Moore, 1352
V. Nolan, 1342
V. Turner, 1342
2791
are to sections]
Birmingham R. L. & P. Co. v. Wise, 368
V. Wright, 482, 484, 485
Birmingham S. Ry. v. Lintner, 85c
Birmingham W. W. Co. v. Ferguson,
1216
V. Vinter, 45a
Bimey v. New York & W. P. T. Co.,
875
Bisbey v. Shaw, 452
Bischof V. Lucas, 1074
Bischoff V. New York El. R. R., 1191,
1201
Bischoffsheim v. Baltzer, 303
Biscoe V. Great Eastern Ry., 1089
Bishop V. Autographic R. Co., 752,
1330
V. Church, 675c
V. Hendrick, 233
V. Journal Newspaper Co., 450
V. Price, 657
V. St. Paul aty Ry., 1354
V. Sniffen, 340
V. Williamson, 5636
Bishop Hill Colony v. Edgerton, 301
Bispham v. Pollock, 298
Bissell V. Dickerson, 695
V. Erwin, 962
V. Hopkins, 295, 336
Bisson V. Joyce, 55a
BistUne v. Ney, 1255
Bitner v. Brough, 1009
V. Utah Cent. Ry., 1363
Bitting V. United States, 642
Bixby V. Dunlap, 358, 376
V. Parsons, 674, 1066
Bixby-Theison L. Co. v. Evans, 622
Bizer v. Ottumwa Hydraulic P. Co.,
95
Black V. Atlantic C. L. R. R., 363
V. Baxendale, 856
V. Black, 497a
V. Camden & A. R. R. & T. Co.,
316, 852
V. CarroUton R. R., iSg, 336, 376,
1330
V. Charlestown & W. C. Ry., 371a
V. Coan, 968
V. DeCamp, 734, 742
V. Gamer, 909a, 915
V. Goodman, 305
2792
[RefereDces
Black V. Goodrich Transportation Co.,
851
V. Highland S. S. Co., 937o
V. Hilliker, 540
V. Minneapolis & S. L. R. R., 937o
V. Munson, 1222, 1232a
V. Queen, 677
V. R. R., 316
I). Reybold, 295, 308a
V. Robinson, 317
V. Thome, 1233, 1234
V. Woodrow, 615, 6556
Black Prince, The, 592, 593
Black River & M. R. R. v. Barnard,
1146, 1150, 1171, 1185
Black River L. Co. v. Warner, 608, 751,
752, 753, 765
Blackburn v. Kentucky Cent. R. R.,
883
V. Mann, 640a
Blacker v. Slown, 762
Blackettt). Royal Exch. Assur. Co., 716
Blackfeather v. United States, 310
Blackie v. Cooney, 317, 538
Blackman v. Clements, 549
V. Gardiner & P. Bridge, 481, 485
Blackmer & P. P. Co. v. Mobile & O.
R. R., 852
Blackshear M. F. G. Co. v. Stone,
1031
Blackstone v, Alemannia F. I. Co., 728
Blackwell v. Hill, 486c
V. Justices, 960
V. Lawrence Co., 959, 1012
t;. McBride, 959, 964, 976, 982
Blackwood v. Brennan, 755
V Leman, 308
V. Tanner, 944
Blades I). Des Moines City Ry., 1356
Blaechinska v. Howard Mission, etc.,
486
Blaen Avon Coal Co. v. McCuUoh, 502,
935
Slagen v. Thompson, 620, 631
Blagg V. The Bicknell, 599c
Blair v. Bloomingtoc & N. R. E. & H.
Co., 486o
V. Charleston, 1123, 1144
V. Claxton, 999d
V. Laflin, 834<i
TABLE OF CASES
are to sections]
Blair v. Milwaukee & P. du C. R. R.,
1290
V. Reading, 237
V. Sioux C. & P. R'y., 857a
Blair Iron & Goal Co. v. Lloyd, 363,
364, 366, 387, 935
Blake v. Bumham, 966, 981
V. Ferris, 810
V. Greenwood Cemetery, 1219,
1232a
V. Krom, 3146
V. Lord, 1216
V. Midland Ry., 67o, 573, S73o
V. Quash, 340c
V. Robertson, 1215, 1232a, 1234
Blakeley v. Bogard, 682, 682a
V. Jacobson, 308, 310
V. Duncan, 531
V. R. R., 1141
Blak-eman v. Sherwood, 692A
Blakeney v. Ferguson, 685
Blakeslee v. Holt, 656
Blanchard v. Baker, 99
V. Blanchard, 976
V. Ely, 190, 6076, 762, 992, 999^8
V. Hoxie, 964, 975
V. Morris, 1326
V. New Jersey S. B. Co., 594, 595,
1298
Blanchard's G. S. T. Factory v. Warner,
235, 1246
Bland v. Hixenbaugh, 1131
Blanden v. H. Dodge, 1110
Blaney v. Hendricks, 287, 311
Blasdale v. Babcock, 774
Blass V. Lee, 565, 565o
Blate V. Third Ave. R. R., 172
Blatz V. Rohrbach, 1255
Blaul V. Tharp, 682
Blazek v. McCartin, 459
Bleaden v. Charles, 705
Bleakley v. Sheridan, 312
Bledsoe v. Nixon, 345
Bleecher v. Colorado & S. Ry., 45o
Blesch V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 924o
Blessing v. Beatty, 1016
Blevins v. Smith, 973, 976
Blewett V. Front St. C. R. R., 410, 676
V. Miller, 494c, 565o, 692i
Blight V. Ewing. 913
TABLE OF CASES
[Kef erences are to sections]
2793
BUncoe v. Choctaw, 0. & W. R. R.,
1123, 1169
Bliss V. Ball, Q2Qa, 933
V. Buffalo Tin Can Co., 734
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R., 85c
Blitch V. Edwards, 1012
Blizzard v. Applegate, 1271a
Block V. Ebner, 991
V. Estes, 808a
V. Haseltine, 36o
V. Milwaukee St. Ry., 172
Block-Pollak Iron Co. v. Cincinnati
C. I. Co., 646a
Blocker v. Schoff, 448fe
Blodget V. Columbia Live Stack Co.,
416
V. Brattleboro, 363, 545, 551
V. Converse, 303
V. Hitt, 909a, 914
V. Stone, 101
Blofield V. Payne, 100
Blogg V. Johnson, 301c, 3116
Blood V. Herring, 614, 615
V. Wilkins, 829, 968, 972
Bloodgood V. Ingolsby, 1067
Blood worth v. Stevens, 1057
Bloom V. Manhattan El. Ry., 1270
V. National U. B. Savings & Loan
Co., 170, 830
Bloomfield v. Finn, 1335
Bloomfield, etc., Natural Gas Light Co.
V. Calkins, 1172a
Bloomington v. Brokaw, 1110
V. Chamberlain, 180
V. Miller, 1138
V. Pollock, 1138
Bloomquist v. Minneapolis F. Co., 121b
Bloss V. Johnson, 311a
Blossom V. Knox, 966
Blossom, The, 589, 592
Blot V. Boiceau, 170a, 812, 822
Blount V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894a
Blownt V. Windley, 1032
Blow V. Maynard, 801
Blue Earth Co. v. St. Paul & S. C. R.
R., 253, 1148
Bluefields Banana Co. v. Wollfe, 667
Bluemner v. Garvin, 650
Blum V. Gaines, 691(i
V. Higgins, 1326
Blum V. Merchant, 198
V. Southern P. P. C. Co., 873a
Blumantle n. Fitchburg R. R., 873
Blume V. Scheer, 1326, 1332
Blumenthal v. Brainerd, 317, 844
V. Bridges, 834d
V. Prescott, 992
Blumhardit v. Rohr, 47, 443
Blun V. Holitzer, 665
Blunck V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 937
Blunk V. Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R.,
458, 459
Blunt V. Aikin, 949
V. Little, 1330
•V. McCormick, 93, 924
Bly V. Edison Elec. Illuminating Co.,
926
V. U. S., 502
Blydenburgh v. Welsh, 245, 734
Blymer Ice Mach. Co. v. McDonald,
312
Blythe v. Tompkins, 241, 463
Board v. Moore, 691o
Board of Commissioners v. Geer, 337
V. Security Bank, 692/
V. Trees, 654
V. Wolff, 647
Board of Directors v. Roach, 6226
Board of Education v. Jewell, 692/
V. Kanawha & M. R. R., 1144
V. Robinson, 692e
Board of Justices v. Fennimore, 305,
692/
Board of Park Comrs. v. Donahue, 95
Board of Public Improvements, In re,
1113
Board of Rapid Transit Comrs., In re,
1151
Board of Trade Tel. Co. v. Darst, 1149,
1149a
Boardman v. Goldsmith, 387
V. Keeler, 1014
V. Marshalltown Grocery Co., 101,
109, 361
V. Paige, 807
V. Ward, 671
Boarman v. Patterson, 334
Boatwright v. Stewart, 467, 682, 682a
Bocard v. State, 692/
Bochat V. Knisley, 1361
2794
TABLE Of CASES
[References
Bockenstedt v. Perkins, 692/
Bockes V. A. Mafee & Son Co., 933
Bockoven v. Lincoln, 1167
Boddam v. Riley, 284
Boddy V. Henry, 777
Boden v. Demwolf, 1367
Bodger v. Hills, 762
Bodine v. Wayne Title & Trust Co.,
831
Bodkin v. Arnold, 908, 910, 915
Bodley v. Reynolds, 505
Bodwell V. Osgood, 445
V. Swan, 451
Boecker v. Naperville, 1154o
Boehm v. Duluth, S. S. & A. Ry., 865
Boesch V. Graff, 1220, 1240
Boetcher v. Staples, 386
Boetzkes v. Manhattan R. R., 1208
Bogacki v. Welch, 685
Bogard v. Jones, 78
Bogel V. Bell, 545
Bogert V. Burkhalter, 1265
Boggan V. Bennett, 383a, 1271
Boggess V. Goff, 343
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1371
Boggs V. Martin, 1068
Bogudsky v. Backes, 372
Bohemian-American W. G. Assoc, v.
Northern Bank, 622
Bohlcke v. Buchanan, 972
Bohm V. Dunphy, 360, 990a
t). Metropolitan El. Ry., 1113,
1190, 1198a
Bohn V. Cleaver, 196, 842
Bohrer v. Dienhart Harness Co., 93a
V. Otterback, 301c
Bohun V. Taylor, 929a, 1279
Boies V. Vincent, 734, 762
Boiles V. Beach, 964
Boing V. Raleigh & G. R. R., 435
Boise V. C. Co. v. Kroeger, 1149, 1172
Boland v. Glendale Quarry Co., 666
Bolden v. Jensen, 1345
Bolen Coal Co. v. Whittaker Brick Co.,
85
Boley V. Griswold, 689
Bolinger v. Brake, 976, 981
V. St. Paul & D. R. R., 1367
Bolivar Manuf. Co, v. Neponset
Manuf. Co., 99
are to sections]
Boiles V. Bloomington & N. R. E. &
H. Co., 1368
V. Kansas City Southern Ry., 365
V. Sachs, 668
Boiling V. Lersner, 186, 307, 908, 919,
988, 1021a
V. Tate, 237, 685^, 685n
Bollinger v. McMinn, 363a
BoUon V. Vellines, 1336
Bolster v. Post, 410
Bolt V. Friederick, 1045
Bolte V. Third Ave. R. R., 1270a
Bolton V. Miller, 476
V. Vellines, 461, 462, 463
V. Western U. T. Co., 371a
Bonafous v. Rybot, 675c
V. Walker, 552
Bond V. Bond, 687
V. Chapin, 839
V. Dolby, 334
V. Greenwald, 271
V. Griffin, 934
V. Hilton, 98
V. Quattlebaum, 959
V. United Railroads, 673a, 575
Bond Hill v. Atkinson, 1367
Bondurant v. Lane, 549
Bondy v. N. Y. City Ry., 243&
Bone V. Torry, 797
Bonelli v. Brown, 1266, 357, 363a
Bonesteel v. Bonesteel, 236, 241, 383b,
463
V. Orvis, 531
Bonham v. Bonham, 301c
Bonifay v. Hassell, 614
Bonneau v. North Shore R. R., 482,
485a, 1303
Bonnell v. Jacobs, 1060
Bonner v. Blum, 813
V. Charlton, 1281
V. Copley, 335, 1293
V. Peterson, 921
V. Wiggins, 910
Bonner Brick Co. v. M. M. Canada Co.,
339
Bonnet v. Galveston, H. & 8. A. Ry.,
574
Bonneval v. Am. Coffee Co., 47
Bonney v. Blaisdell, 753
V. Seely, 800
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2795
Bonnin v. Elliott, 449
Bonnot Co. v. Newman, 533, 538
Bonsall v. McKay, 930
V. Taylor, 678
Booher v. Goldsborough, 767
Book Co. V. Maybell, 776
Booker v. Bell, 978
V. Southwest Mo. R. R., 1354
V. Venice, etc., R. R., 1157
Bookman v. New York Elevated Rail-
road, 1198a
Bookwalter v. Clark, 752
Boom Co. V. Patterson, see Mississippi
& R. R. B. Co. V. Patterson
Boomer v. Flagler, 735c
Boon V. McHenry, 973, 977
Boone v. Eyrie, 636re
Boorman v. Am. Exp. Co., 851
V. Nash, 758
Booth V. Ableman, 334
V. Bierce, 750
V. Booth, 737
V. Milliken, 1023
V. Milhis, 1286
V. Powers, 256
V. Rome, W. & 0. R. R., 1111
V. Saffold, 973
V. Spuyten Duyvel R. M. Co., 146
V. Starr, 956
V. Tyson, 661
Boothby v. Grand Trunk Ry., 868
V. Railroad, 1108
Boothe V. Feist, 1256A
Boott Cotton Mills v. Lowell, 302o
Booz V. W. U. Tel. Co., 890
Borchardt v. Wausau Boom Co., 139
Borden v. Bradshaw, 678
Borden Mining Co. v. Barry, 219
Bordentown & S. A. T. Co. v. Camden
& A. R. R., 1108, 1115
Border City Ice & Coal Co. v. Adams,
182, 182a, 734
Borders v. Barber, 326
Bordes v. Hallet, 711
Bordley v. Eden, 340c
Borgasen v. Eklund, 1250
Bork V. Nortin, 841
Borkenstein v. Shrack, 386
Borland v. Barrett, 360, 366, 372, 388,
1345
Bormann v. Thiele, 667
Bomeman v. Chicago, S. P., M. & O.
Ry., 1326
Bomgesser v. Harrison, 85
Borough V. Abele, 340
Borradaile v. Bruntor, 135, 766, 768
Borrekins v. Bevan, 761
Borries v. Hutchinson, 161, 2265, 740,
742
Borst V. Lynch, 824a
Borup V. Nininger, 814, 819
Bosch V. Biu-lington & M. R. R. R.,
135
V. Miller, 387
Bosley v. Smith, 692a
V. Taylor, 808
Boston V. Allen, 1215
V. Moore, 692a
Boston & A. R. R. v. Cambridge, 1152a,
1165
V. Greenbush, 1152a
V. O'Reilly, 183
V. Richardson, 439^
Boston, H. T. & W. Ry., Re, 1171
Boston, H. T. & W. R. R., Matter of,
1165
Boston & M. R. R. v. Middlesex, 1147
V. State, 303
Boston & R. M. D. Corporation v.
Newman, 1108
Boston & S. Glass Co. ti. Boston, 303
Boston & W. R. R. v. Old Colony R.
R., 1119, 1165a, 1167, 11716
Boston Belting Co. v. Boston, 152
Mass. 307; 1119
V. Boston, 183 Mass. 254; 1169
Boston Ice Co. v. Royal Ins. Co., 725
Boston Loan Co. v. Myers, 537
Boston Manuf. Co. v. Fiske, 235, 352
Boston Mills v. EuU, 1033
Boston Towboat Co. v. Pettie, 587,
589
Boston W. H. & R. Co. v. Kendall,
767
Boston W. P. Co. V. Boston & Wor-
cester R. R., 1108
Boston Water Power Co. v, Boston,"
303
Bostwick V. Beach, 3016
V. Lewis, 1279
2796
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Bostwick V. Losey, 189, 991
V. Williams, 976
Boswell V. Barnhart, 580a
V. Kilbom, 753
Botelar v. Bell, 449
Botkin V. Kleinschmidt, 681a
Bottorff V. Wise, 910
Boucher v. Shewan, 265
V. Trembley, 915
Bouillon V. Laclede G. L. Co., 43i
Boulard v. Calhoun, 378
Boulden v. Pennsylvania R. R., 67o
Boulter v. Hamilton, 977
V. Webster, 573
Boulware v. Crohn, 413
V. Robinson, 799
Bounds V. Hickerson, 6466
Bourdette v. Sieward, 610
Bourg t). Brownell-Drews Lumber Co.,
573o, 575
Bourgeois v. Mills, 1143
Bourke v. Butte Electric & P. Co., 485
V. Cork & M. Ry., 573, 1367
V. Whiting, 133
Bourland v. Choctaw, O. & G. R. R.,
159
V. Kdison, 449, 452
Bourne v. Ashley, 596
V. Mayor of Liverpool, 1085
Boutell V. Warne, 80
Boutin V. EtseU, 807a
V. Rudd, 151
Bouton V. Reed, 252
Boutwell V. Marr, 382
V. Parker, 515
Bovee v. Barrett, 633a
V. DanvUle, 44, 47, 1266
Bowas V. Pioneer Tow Line, 1216, 481
Bowden v. Bailes, 360, 364, 365, 377,
385
V. Johnson, 301a
Bowditch V. Boston, 1162
Bowe V. Minn. Milk Co., 90
Bowen v. Clark, 269
V. Clarke, 999/
V. Darby, 271
». H^ll,451
V. Harris, 216
V. Huntington, 553, 554
V. King, 528
Bowen v. Lake Erie Telegraph Co., 875
V. Seaboard A. L. Ry., 1307
V. Stoddard, 700
Bower v. Hill, 100, 940
Bowers v. Graves, 989
V. Thomas, 278
Bowersock v. Adams, 536
Bowersox v. Bowersox, 4806
Bowes V. Press, 674
Bowker v. Hoyt, 1060
Bowler v. Lane, 368, 380, 584
Bowley v. Goddard, 599c
■V. Holway, 973, 1053
Bowling G. G. Co. v. Dean, 1353
Bowling Green Stone Co. v. Capshaw,
1355
Bowman v. Clemmer, 777
V. Cornell, 550
V. Davis, 81
V. Neely, 343
V. Teall, 55, 849
V. Wilson, 341
Bowne v. Wolcott, 961, 966, 973
Bowser v. Cessna, 1009, 1023
Bowsher v. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R.,
171a
Boyce v. Bayliffe, 126a, 22QI
V. California Stage Co., 1328
V. Gingrich, 439d, 1027
V. Grundy, 336, 12866
V. New York C. Ry., 1367
». Pritchett, 3016
V. Watson, 418
Boyd V. Blue Ridge Ry., 368
V. Boyd, 678
V. Brown, 175, 1329
t). Chambers, 685fc
V. De Lancy, 1007, 1018
V. Desmond, 556
V. Fitt, 127a, 707
V. Gilchrist, 292
V. Gunnison, 738, 1297
V. Huffaker, 691a
V. Knox, 685
V. L. H. Quinn Co., 737, 738
V. Lincobi & N. W. R. R., 937
V. Meighan, 613, 614
V. Randolph, 333
V. Royal Ins. Co., 722
V. Seaboard Air Line Ry., 368
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2797
Boyd V. Vanderkemp, 1017
V. Watt, 1251
Boydan v. Haberstumpf, 358, 1254
Boyden v. Hill, 1012, 1022
V. Moore, 80
V. United States, 692/
Boydatoa v. Morris, 79, 82
Boyer v. Amet, 959, 979
V. Barr, 358
V. Cox, 734
V. Coxen, 378
Boyers v. Pra*t, 1326
Boykin ». Ancrum, 306
Boylan v. Huguet, 519
Boyle V. Boyle,. 793o
V. Case, 41, 47
tt. Edwards, 962, 976
V. Ptoker, 673
V. Reeder, 646
V. Saginaw, 226/, 1347
Boylston Ins; Co. v. Da\dst 496, 536
Boynton v. Kellogg, 641
Boynton Strong Co. ». Williams, 6869:
Boys V. Ancell, 399,, 413
Boys' Home «. Lewis,. 3716
Bozarth v. Dudley,. 656, 657, 659i 1039,
1042
Bozeman v. Rose, 734
Braas v. Springville,, 308a
Braasch v. Michigan Stove Co., 4866
Braccoo. Merchants! Despatch Transp.
Co., 152
Brace v. Calder, 667
Bracegirdle v. Orfbrd, 929
Bracey ». Carter, 1038
Bracket v. M'Nair, 844
Brackett v. Morse, 661
Bradbum v. Great Western Ry.,, 67jt,.
860
Bradbury v. Benton, 1262
V. Chiteago, R. I. & P. Ry., 1357
Braddy v. Elliott,. 621
Braden v. Walker, 447
Bradford v. Boley, 1255
V. Edwards, 453
V. Manly, 762
V. Montgomery F. Co., 632
Bradford E. & C. R. R. v. New York,
L. E. & W. R. R., 622
Bradford Oil Co. v. Blair, 619, 999fc
Bradlaugh v. Edwards, 241, 463, 1368
Bradley v. Andrews, 486c
V. Borin, 248a, 565c
V. Brown, 908
«. Burkett, 78, 497d
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 159,
856
V. Cramer, V72a
V. Denton, 221a, 858
V. Flewitt, 101
V. Gammelle, 262, 531
V. Geiselman, 317
V. Gibson, 451
V. McHale, 734
». Morris, 372
V. Ohio River R. R., 57T
V. Rea, 125, 650, 762o, 769, 1060
». Reynolds, 689a, 691a
V. Sattler, 584a
Bradley Land & Lumber Co. v. Eastern
Mfg. Co., 80
Bradlie v. Marylaad Ins. Co., 711, 718
Bradner v. Faulkner, SOlc, 1271a
Bradshaw v. Buchanan, 387
V. Craycraft, 417
V. Crosby, 980a
V. Prazier, 126e
V. Lancashire & Y. Ry., 570a
V. Rome, W. & O. R. R., 1295
V. South Boston R. R., 865
Bradstreet v. Baker, 411
Bradstreet, Ex parte, 1285
Bradstreet Co. v. Oswald, 170
Bradt w. Holden, 556
V. New Nonpareil Co., 43g
V. Tbwsliey, 443
Brady v. Atlantic Works, 1243, 1244
V. Beadl'eton, 528a
V. Cassidy, 1266
V. Daly, 12466
V. Fall River, 1012a
V. Kansas City Cable R. R., 1152a
V. Kansas, Qty, St. L. & C. R. R.,
1356
V. McGhee, 973
V. Mayor, 339
V. North Western Ins. Co., 723a
V. Spurck, 973, 979
V. Weeks, 949
V. Whitney, lQ7d
2798
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Brady v. Wilcoxson, 295, 3146
Bragan v. Birmingham R. L. & P. Co.,
1133
Bragg !). Laraway, 363a
Brahan v. Clarksville First Nat. Bank,
695c
Braiden v. Mercer, 681a
Brailsbery, The, 592
Brainard v. Jones, 678
V. Missisquoi R. R., 1109
Brainerd v. Champlain Transp. Co.,
306
Braithwaite v. Hall, 1216
V. Power, 841
Brake v. Corning, 1031
V. Kansas City, 171a
Brake Co. v. Sire, 607
Braman v. Bingham, 979
V. Hess, 704
V. Perry, 688a
Brame v. Clark, 48, 373
Branch v. Chappell, 674
V. Davis, 692?
V. Doane, 931, 940
V. Riley, 1031
V. Wilson, 1039
Brand v. Illinois C. R. R., 169a
Brandamour v. Trant, 685A
Brandon v. Allen, 565d
Brandt v. Bowlby, 844
V. Foster, 956, 959, 975, 979, 980,
1053
Brangwin ;;. Perrot, 678
Brannenburg v. Indianapolis, P. &
C. R. R., 856
Brannin v. Johnson, 317, 434, 436
Brannon v. Hursell, 326
Bransoombe v. Scarborough, 678
Brant v. Gallup, 205, 623
Brantigan v. While, 1256
Brantingham v. Fay, 109
Brantley v. Johnson, 970
Brashear v. Phila. Tr. Co., 123
Brasher v. Davidson, 516c, 745
V. Holtz, 565
Brasington v. South Bound R. R., 368
Brass v. Vandecar, 976, 984
V. Worth, 509
Braswell v. American L. I. Co., 730
Bratt V. Ellis, 838
Bratt V. Swift, 4706
Bratten v. Catawissa R. R., 627a
Bratton v. Allison, 339a
Brauer v. Portland, 334
Braun v. Craven, 436
V. Hess, 301
V. MetropoUtan W. S. E. R. R.,
1169
V. Webb, 873a, 1342
Brauns v. Green Bay, 664a
Braunsdorf v. Fellner, 682
Bray v. Latham, 1216, 481
V. Poillon, 685a
Brayton v. Chase, \2\d
Brazell v. Cohn, 222, 617
V. Seattle, 35
Breck v. Ringler, 418
Breckeniidge v. Brooks, 343, 919
V. Hoke, 3016
V. Taylor, 304
Bredeson v. C. A. Smith Lumber Co.,
1365
Bredin v. National M. W. S. Co., 1240
Bredow v. Mutual S. I., 256
Breed v. Eastern R. R., 1154o
Breen v. Cooper, 675
V. Hyde, 927
Breese v. McCann, 1044, 1057
V. U. S. T. Co., 875
Breeze, The, 587
Brem v. Covington, 311
Bremier v. Carter, 310a
Breneman v. Frank, 3116
Brennan v. Clark, 419
V. Dowagiac Mfg. Co., 1237
V. Quinn, 688
V. Servis, 959, 983
Brennen v. Chicago & Carterville Coal
Co., 5716
Brenner v. Carter, 310a
V. Jonesboro L. C. & E. R. R., 222
Brennert v. Farrier, 332
Brent v. Kimball, 107a
V. Parker, 607
V. Richards, 734
V. Thornton, 317, 319, 322
Brentner v. Chicago, M. & 8. P. Ry.,
333
Breon v. Hankie, 47, 50
Bressler v. Harris, 326
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2799
Bretz V. Fawcett, 1060
Brewer v. American Ins. Co., 714
V. Chase, 451
V. Dew, 373
V. Ernest, Slid
V. Hastie, 340c
V. Tyringham, 308a
Brewster v. Buckholz, 912
V. Edgerly, 413
V. Silliman, 533
I). Van Liew, 519, 523
V. Wakefield, 22 How. 118; 327
V. Wakefield, 1 Minn. 352; 325
V. Warner, 76
V. Western U. T. Co., 882, 893
Breyfogle v. Beckley, 302o
Brian v. Oregon S. L. R. R., 1342
Brick Co. V. Moore, 426
Brickell V. Camp Mfg. Co., 933
V. Frisby, 587
Bricker v. Conemaugh Stone Co., 932
Brickett v. Davis, 452
Brickill v. Baltimore, 1226
0. New York, 1232a
Bridge V. Mason, 547
V. Oshkosh, 1327
V. Wain, 771
Bridge Co. v. La Mantia, 580o, 584a
Bridgeford v. Meagher, 666
Bridgeman v. Hardwick, 331a, 1171
Bridger v. Asheville & S. R. R., 180
Bridgers v. Dill, 125o
V. PurceU, 1153
Bridges V. Holt, 122
V. Hyatt, 419
V. Lanham, 190, 646, 647c
V. Maxwell, 692i
u. Mills Mfg. Co., 366
V. Pafford, 1027
V. Reynolds, 271
V. Southern Ry., 1154c
V. Stickney, 157
Bridgford v. Crocker, 753
Bridgman v. Emily, The, 842
V. Hopkins, 451
Brier v. Mankey, 777
Brierly v. Kendall, 82
Brigg V. Hilton, 762
Briggs V. B. & L. R. R., 80
V. Boyd, 808
Briggs V. Brushaber, 316, 439e
V. Cook, 109
V. Davis, 842
V. Gleason, 545
V. Hall, 999c
V. Labette County, 1168
V. Life Ins. Co., 439c
V. McDonald, 684o
V. Milbum, 58, 373
V. Morse, 973
V. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., 67a
V. New York Cent. R. R., 854, 856
V. Stone, 1140
V. Winsmith, 325
V. Wiswell, 532
Brigham v. Carlisle, 176, 834c
V. Evans, 1012, 1295
V. Hawley, 613, 655, 1065
V. Vanbuskirk, 334
Bright V. Bamett & Record Co., 680a,
1367
V. Bell, 363o
V. Boyd, 916
V. Lennon, 692c, 808
V. Furrier, 700
V. Rowland, 413
Brightman v. Bristol, 928
V. Reeves, 256
Brighton V. Auston, 606a
«. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry., 666
Brighton F. C. S. Bank v. Sawyer, 1042
Brightwell V. Hoover, 278
Brignoli V. Chicago & G. E. Ry., 41,
47, 180, 226/, 481
Brigs' Case, 1001
Brill V. Flagler, 1303
Brincefield v. Allen, 989
Brinckerhoff v. Phelps, 1007, 1011
t). Wemple, 1154a
Brine v. Great Western Ry., 1089
Bringard v. Stellwagen, 53, 59
Brininstool v. Michigan United Rys.,
170
Brink v. Freoff, 1268
V. Kansas City, etc., R. R., 316
V. Mitchell, 1012
V. Wabash Ry., 120
Brinker v. Leinkauff, 237
Brinkerhoff v. Olp, 416
Brinkley v. Swicegood, 665
2800
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Brinkley v. Willis, 3116
Brinkman v. Gottenstroeter, 580
V. St. Landry C. O. Co., 486c
Brinkmann v. Taylor, 451
Brinkmeyer v. Bethea, 935, 939
Brinley v. National Ins. Co., 715, 721
Brinton, The, 214
Brinton v. Paxton, 1232a
Brion v. Kennedy, 302a
Brisbane v. Pomeroy, 960, 976, 1027
Brisbine v. St. Paul, etc., R. R., 1154a
Briscoe V. Kinealy, 326
V. Litt, 668
V. McElween, 373a, 432a
V. Metropolitan' St. Ry., 1346
Brisendine v. Martin, 797
Bristol Mfg. Co. V. Gridley, 1261
Brison v. Dougherty, 1279
Bristowe v. Fairclough, 636ft
British Columbia Saw Mill Co. v.
Nettleship, 65, 159, 850
British Consul v. Smith, 599c
British I. W. Co. V. Dublin U. T. Co.,
1220
British Motor Synd. v. Taylor, 1220
British W. E. & M. Co. v. Underground
E. R. Co., 226ft
Britt V. Carolina N. R. R., 47
V. Hays, 6556
Brittanic, The, 588
Britten v. Great Northern Ry., 873
Britton V. Des Moines, O. & S. R. R.,
1131
V. Fort Worth, 692c
V. Ruffin, 973
V. Street Ry., 171a
e. Supreme Council Royal Ar-
canum, 340
V. Turner, 660, 1046
Brizsee v. Maybee, 317, 352, 375, 434,
506, 533, 538, 540, 690
Broad St. Widening, Re, 1142
Broadbent v. Imperial Gas Co., 1089
Broadway Coal M. Co. v. Smith, 1138a
Broadway Sav. Bank v. Forbes, 326,
330
Broadwell v. Paradice, 77
Brobst V. Skillen, 565
Brock V. Bolton, 689a
V. Clark, 762
Brock V. Gale, 152, 873
V. Knower, 734, 737
V. Smith, 109, 943
Brockenbrough v. Blythe, 3016
Brockway v. Clark, 411
Brodfield v. Schlanger, 414
Brodie v. Fost, 642
V. Ophir Silver Mining Co., 1226,
1229
V. Watkms, 83ig
Brodnax v. Steinhardt, 310
Brody V. Bimbaum, 734
Brokaw v. Duffy, 1017
Brolaskey v. Loth, 999e
Brom. «. Hall, 834
Bromberg v. Eugenotto Coiiat. Co.,
990e
Bromley v. School Dist. No. 5, 667
Bronson, The, 587
Bronson v. Bruce, 4486
V. Coffin, 970
V. Forty-Second St. M. & St.
M. A. Ry., 1348
V. Rodes, 270
Bronx Gas & Elec. Co. v. N. Y., 339
Brook V. Bayless, 532
V. Rawl, 455
Brooke v. Bridges, 920
V. Cunard S. S. Co., 1296
V. Louisiana S. I. Co., 710
». Tradesmen's Nat. Bank, 153a
Brookfield v. Reed, 679a
Brooklyn El. R. R. v. Phillips, 1198
Brooklyn El. R. R., In re, 11986
Brooklyn El. R. R., Matter of, 1205o
Brooklyn, Ferry, In re, 11716
Brooklyn L. I. Co. v. Week, 730
Brooklyn U. E. R. R., In re, 1368
Brookmire v. Monaghan, 1248
Brooks V. Black, 961, 982, 983
V. Boston, 1168
V. Cotton, 673d
V. Davenport & St. Paul R. R.,
1131
V. Dutcher, 1335
V. Hoyt, 554
V. Hubbard, 279c, 424a
V. Kirby, 549
V. Miller, 1007
V. Mohl, 979, 982
TABLE
[References
Brooks V. Moody, 860, 979
V. Northern Pac. Ry., 854, 856
V. Robinson, 339a
V. Rochester Ry., 85c, 481
V. Rodgers, 502, 934
V. Schwerin, 486
V. Tobin, 692fc
V. Western U. T. Co., 883
V. Wichita, 416
V. Wilcox, 307
Brophy v. Illinois Steel Co., 1356
Broquet v. Tripp, 125, 769
Brosde v. Sanderson, 1336
Brosnan v. Sweetser, 67
Brossoit ». Turcotte, 359
Brothers, The, 587
Brotherston v. Barber, 711
Brotton v. Lnnkley, 684a
Broughel v. Southern N. E. Tel. Co.,
5706
Broughton v. McGrew, 52, 445, 451
V. Mitchell, 296, 301, 3016, 345
V. Singleton, 1334
Broumel v. Rayner, 618
Brewer v. Lewis, 762
Brewer v. Merrill, 64
Brown v. Adams, 999o
V. Allen, 35 la. 306; 156, 363
383c, 433
V. Allen, 4 Esp. 158; 1279
V. AUey, 364
V. Arrott, 814, 820
V. Baldwin, 685k
V. Barnes, 445
V. Barry, 1285
V. Beatty, 34 Miss. 227; 1139o,
1155
V. Beatty, 35 Up. Can. Q. B. 328;
196
V. Bellows, 410
V. Bigelow, 762
V. Blunt, 439
V. Board of Education, 667
V. Bosworth, 934a
V. Bowen, 70
V. Brooks, 448, 449, 451
V. Brown, 3145
V. Butler, 1247
V. Calumet R. Ry., 244
V. Carroll, 81
176
OF CASES 2801
are to sections]
Brown v. Chicago & N. W. Ry,, 571e
t). Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 42,
1216, 150, 868, 869, 870, 871
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R., 180a,
580o
V. Cincinnati, 1148
V. Collins, 33
V. Commissioner, 1085
V. Corey, 1142
Ki Cowles, 149
V. Crowley, 1052
V. Cummings, 129, 200, 485a
V. Cunard Steamship Co., 852
V. Cunningham, 6856
V. DeYoung, 673d
V. Dickerson, 959
V. Doyle, 3146
V. Drake, 1331
V. Durham, 1042
V. East Carolina R. R., 190
V. Edgington, 768
V. Emerson, 109
V. Evans, 360, 385, 386, 490, 1326.
V. First Nat. Bank, 303
V. Floyd, 120a
V. Foster, 1 App. Div. 578; 1368
V. Foster, 51 Pa. 165; 196, 657
V. Galloway, 901, 907
I). Georgia C. & N. R. R., 868
V. Gorton, 685
V. Hadley, 195, 742a
V. Hallett, 676
V. Hannibal & L. J. R. R., 66 Mo.
588; 1216
». Hannibal & S. J. Ry., 99 Mo.
310; 1270
V. Hardcastle, 325
V. Hare, 750
». Haven, 805
V. Haynes, 80a
V. Hearon, 959, 981
V. Hiatt, 340c
V. Honniss, 1007, 1009
V. Jones, 52 111. App. 597; 385, 387
V. Jones, 5 Nev. 374; 237, 685m
V. Kimball, 673/
V. Knapp, 301c
V. Lake, 929
V. Lattimore, 6926
V. Laurens County, 124
2802 TABLE
[References
Brown v. Leath, 58, 937
V. McBiide, 3836
V. McGran, 228e, 821
». McRa«, 67a
V. Mader, 609
V. MaUett, 1257
V. Master, 467
V. Maulsby, 331, 420
V. Mead, 930a
V. Metropolitan W. S. E. R. R.,
1169
V. Minneapolis & S. P. S. Ry.,
1342
V. Montgomery, 256
V. Moore, 1296
V. Morrill, 990c
V. Morris, 171
V. Moaely, 692i
V. Muller, 228?, 3362, 636o, 636b,
636/, 636m, 737
V. Murdock, 265
V. Neal, 54
V. Norcross, 1021a
V. Northwestern R. R., 844
V. OdiU, 638, 638o, 6386
V. Paxton, 686
V. Perkins, 98
V. Phipps, 692
V. Pierce, 774
V. Pierce County, 1156
V. Pillow, 126d
». Pine Creek R. R., 1110
ti. Postal Tel. Cable Co., 851
V. Pope, 934
V. Providence & S. R. R. Co., 1295
V. Providence, W. & B. R. R., 1130
V. Rapid Ry., 222, 865
V. Republican Mountain Silver
Mines, 6736
V. Richmond, 103
V. Royal Ins. Co., 723
V. St. Louis & S. Ry., 486&
V. St. Paul, Minneapolis & Mani-
toba Railway, 250
V. Sampson, 993
V. Sax, 502
V. Sayles, 762a
V. Seattle, 1123
V. Seymour, 1368
V. Southern Pac. R. R., 1357
OF CASES
are to sections]
Brown v. Smith, 12 Cush. 196; 366
V. Smith, 5 How. (Miss.) 387; 774
V. Southwestern H. R., 317
V. State, 692c
V. SulUvan, 1348
V. Swineford, 353, 357, 385, 386,
487a
V. Taggart, 413
t). Taylor, 976
V. Toronto General Hospital, 992
V. Trinidad A. M. Co., 753
V. Tyler, 685fc
V. Union S. & L. Assoc, 497(i
V. Van Braam, 700
V. Watson, 101
V. Weaver, 692i
V. Weber, 659
V. Webster City, 927, 1110
V. Welch, 270
V. Werner, 182
V. Western U. T. Co., 85 S. C. 495;
894
V. Western U. T. Co., 6 Utah, 219;
876
V. White, 171a, 226/, 483
V. Woodliff, 69
V. Woods, 774
V. Worcester, 1161
Brown B. F. M. Co. v. Drohen, 1231
Brown Iron Co. v. Norwood, 419
Brown Land Co. v. Lehman, 999fc
Brownback v. Frailey, 1216
Browne v. Allen, 760
V. Price, 107c
V. St. Paul Plow Works, 754
V. Steck, 331
Brownell v. Chapman, 742
». M'Ewen, 475
V. Steere, 311a
Browner v. Davis, 98
Brownfield v. Dudley E. Jones Co., 149
Browning v. Jones, 366, 478, 480
V. Nat. Capital Bank, 439e
V. Porter, 685y
V. Powers, 447
V. Simons, 753
Brownlee v. Bolton, 753
V. Steel, 301c
Brownold v. Rodbell, 408, 413
Brownson ti. Fenwick, 314
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2803
Broyles v. Prosock, 482
Bruce v. Baxter, 814, 834
V. Coleman, 682
V. Davenport, 819
V. Fiss, 766
V. Jones,' 719
V. Learned, 528
V. Pettengill, 107a
V. Priest, 488
V. Reed, 378
V. United States, 692e
V. Welch, 998
Brack V. Feiner, 684
Brucker v. Manistee & G. R. R. R.,
6476
Bnihm v. Ford, 156
Brumby v. Smith, 656c
Brunell v. Cook, 637
Bruns v. Schreiber, 964, 975
Brunsden v. Humphrey, 85c
Brunskill v. Mair, 755
Branson v. Lynde, 461
V. Martin, 1049, 1065, 1066
Branswick v. Mi-aa Indemnity Co., 408,
413
V. Snow, 303, 692/
V. Slowman, 664
Brush E. L. & P. Co. v. Simonsohn, 44
V. Long Island R. R., 318, 319
V. Manhattan Railway, 1198
Braske v. Neugent, 1345
Bryan v. Acee, 388
V. Johnson, 973
Bryant v. American Telegraph Co.,
887
V. Barton, 607a
». Booth, 1027o
V. Craig, 311d
V. Everley, 1012, 1020
V. Hambrick, 679a, 1012
V. Jackson, 448
V. Omaha & C. B. R. & B. Co.,
98 la. 483, 67 N. W. 392; 1355
V. Omaha & C. B. R. & B. Co.,
98 la. 483; 1364
V. Stillwell, 659
V. Tidgewell, 1251
Bryer v. Foerster, 1364
Bryson v. McCone, 646
Bryton v. Marston, 411
Bube V. Birmingham Ry. L. & P. Co.,
43s
Buccleuch v. Metropolitan Bd. of
Works, 1101, 1102
Buchan v. Broadwell, 332
Buchanan v. Alwell, 973
V. Carpenter, 1246c
V. State, 692fc
V. Stout, 439^
V. West Jersey R. R., 43A
V. Western U. T. Co., 894
Bucher v. Wisconsin Cent. Ry., 1364
Buck V. Fisher, 307
a. Hermance, 1220
V. Leach, 256, 440
V. Little, 700a
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 932
V. Maddock, 1249
V. Morrow, 988, 988a
V. People's St. R. E. L. & P. Co.,
486c
V. Pike, 999^
V. Remsen, 76, 77
V. Rhodes, 691a
V. Rodgers, 999
V. Webb, 873a
V. Wilson, 85a
Buckhout V. Witwer, 426
Bucki V. McKinnon, 6736
Buckingham v. Orr, 331
V. Thompson, 1027a, 1030
Buckley v. Buckley, 534, 639
V. Dawson, 1002
V. Kelly, 310a
V. Knapp, 360, 377, 385, 445
V. Van Diver, 682a
Bucklin ». Beals, 54
Buckman v. Davis, 335
Buckmaster v. Grundy, 304, 969, 1012
V. Smith, 4978-
Bucknam v. Great N. Ry., 43^
V. Nash, 1268
Buckner v. Terrell, 688o
Buekry-Ellis v. Missouri Pac. Ry.,
4866, 1366
Buckstaff V. Hicks, 446
Budd V. Crea, 641
V. Multnomah St. Ry., 267
V. Union Ins. Co., 3406
V. Walker, 914
2804
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Buddin v. Fortunato, 926
Budlong V. Cunningham, 1028
Buel V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 1334
Buell V. Worcester County, 1172o
Buenzle v. Newport Amusement Assoc,
222, 873b
Buerk v. Imhseuser, 1227
Buffalo V. Pratt, 1150
Buffalo, In re City of, 1149
Buffalo, The, 1357
Buffalo & H. T. Co. v. Buffalo, 317
Buffalo B. S. C. Co. v. Milby, 226^
Buffalo B. W. C. V. Phillips, 152
Buffalo Bayou B. & C. R. R. v. Ferris,
1143
Buffalo C. C. M. Co. v. Hodges, 1303
Buffalo Elevating Co. v. Prussian Nat.
Ins. Co., 722a
Buffalo G. Ins. Co. v. Title & T. Co.,
793o
Buffkin V. Baird, 6556
Buford V. Gould, 316, 772
V. Hopewell, 368
Bugge V. Seattle Electric Co., 1356
Buggi V. Milbum, 365
Building Co. v. Jencks, 968
Building L. & W. Co. v. Fray, 966, 977,
979
Buist V. Guice, 738
Bulgarian, The, 589, 593
Bulkley v. Honold, 762
V. U. S., 607
Bull V. Beiseker, 966
V. Griswold, 363a, 373a, 936
V. Keenan, 235a
V. Pratt, 914
V. Rich, 3146
V. Schuberth, 665
BuUard v. Briggs, 964
V. Harkness, 685A;
V. New York, N. H. & H. R. R.,
1149
V. Stone, 246, 734
BuUen v. Arkansas V. & W. Ry., 1152a
Bullock V. Adams, 1026
V. Delaware, L. & W. R. R., 387
V. Ferguson, 341, 685ff
V. Porter, 933
V. White Star Steamship Co., 864
Bump V. Cooper, 19 Ore. 81; 762
Bump V. Cooper, 20 Ore. 527; 246
Bumpass v. Webb, 913
Bunce v. Bunce, 692fc
Bunch V. Potts, 109, 734
Bunchfield v. Haffey, 678
Bundle v. State Belt Elec. Ry., 67
Bundy v. Maginess, 360, 372, 386, 487a
V. Ridenour, 973, 974
Bungenstock v. Nishnabotna Drainage
Dist., 109
Bunke v. New York Tel. Co., 932, 1295,
1334
Bunker v. Hudson, 1110
Bunn V. Moore, 339a
V. Schnellbacher, 439i
Bunny v. Hopkinson, 962
Buntin v. Duchane, 383a
Bunton v. U. S., 338
Bunyea v. Metropolitan R. R., 573,
573a
Burch V. Bernard, 445
V. Southern Pac. Co., 1356
». State, 6929
Burchfield v. Haffey, 678
Burckhalter v. Coward, 447
Burckhardt v. Burckhardt, 170a, 632
Burcky v. Lake, 66
Burde v. St. Joseph, 1154
Burden v. Denig, 92 U. S. 719; 1225,
1228, 1230
V. Denig, 2 Fish. P. C. 588; 1215
Burden v. Mobile, 940
Burdett v. Esty, 1236, 1244
V. Lowe, 688
V. Withers, 999^1
Burdick v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry.,
316, 317, 933
V. Garrick, 311e
V. Weeden, 1330
Burdict v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1357
Burditt V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
924
Burfeindt v. New York City Ry., 1342
Burger v. Northern P. R. R., 1294
V. Rhiney, 2266, 990a
Burgess v. Alliance Ins. Co., 274
V. Beaumont, 1045
V. Doble, 688o
V. Southbridge Savings Bank, 327,
343
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2805
Burgess, In re, 287
Burgh V. Shanks, 316
Burham v. Lockwood, 512a
Burhmaster v. Ainsworth, 9906
Burk V. Areata & Mad River R. R.,
579, 584
V. Clements, 981, 982, 1053
V. Dunn, 416
V. Serrill, 1009
V. Webb, 76, 79
Burke v. Beveridge, 965
V. Carruthers, 334
V. City & County Contract Co.,
1350
V. Ellis, 4865
V. Keystone Mfg. Co., 750
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 432a
V. Miller, 461
V. Pierce, 999/
V. St. Louis Southwestern Ry.,
1348
V. Sanitary District, 1171
V. Shaver, 636d
Burkett v. Georgia Home Ins. Co., 722
V. Griffith, 455
V. Lanata, 388
Burkhardt v. Press Pub. Co., 377
Burks V. Hubbard, 515
V. Shain, 639
Burland v. Montreal, 932
V. Mutual Benefit Assoc, 732
Burleigh v. St. Louis Tr. Co., 1348
Burley v. Menefee, 487a
Burlingame v. Burlingame, 1020
Burlington Ins. Co. v. Johnson, 692a
Burlington R. R. v. Johnson, 1154a
V. Schweikart, 1160a
Bum V. Morris, 57
Bumap V. Wight, 98, 127, 226d
Bume V. Richardson, 911
Bumell V. Brown, 288
Burnett v. Great N. Ry., 937
V. Simpkins, 639, 641
V. Smith, 1072
Burney v. Pledger, 492a
Bumham v. Best, 307, 999a
V. Jenness, 373
V. Lawson, 228/, 228^, 512o
V. Roberts, 753
V. Webster, 226/, 486
Bumhisel v. Firman, 327
Bums V. Alabama & V. R. R., 387, 1342
V. Anderson, 328, 334
V. Campbell, 317, 363a, 364, 365,
366, 367, 378, 383a
V. FoUansbee, 676
V. George, 692i
V. Merchants' & P. O. Co., 1372
t;. Pennsylvania R. R., 574o
V. Schreiber, 964
Bumside v. Minneapolis & St. L. Ry.,
1342
Burpee v. Sparhawk, 439A;
Burr V. Burr, 353
V. Redhead, 762, 767
V. Todd, 410, 1006, 1010
V. Wilcox, 301a
t). WilUams, 750
Burrage v. Cmmp, 407, 410, 424
V. Melson, 1261, 1268
Burrank v. New Orleans, 1139
Burrell v. Lithgow, 554
t). New York & S. S. S. Co., 613,
614, 636A;, 1266
Burridge v. Fortescue, 675c
Burritt v. New Haven, 112o
V. Rench, 844
Burrough v. Abel, 303
Burroughs v. Clancey, 1056
V. Housatonic R. R., 1108
V. Morse, 673a
». Richmond County, 346
Burrow v. Pound, 612
». Terre Haute & L. R. R., 1109
Burrows v. March Gas, etc., Co., 126e
V. Stryker, 334, 345
V. Wright, 128
Burrus v. Life Ins. Co., 730
Burmss v. Hines, 185, 233, 383c
Burson v. Cox, 373
V. Fire Assoc, 725
Burt V. Advertiser Newspaper Co., 358
V. Burt, 77, 537
V. Butterworth, 6956
V. Dewey, 774, 785, 956, 973
V. Dutcher, 509
V. Wame, 926
V. Wigglesworth, 1161
Burtis V. Thompson, 636d
Burton v. Brookline, 1162
2806
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Burton V. Chaney, 302
V. Merchants' Ins. Co., 1156
V. Fulton, 543
V. Henry, 120o
t). HoUey, 137
V. Hughes, 76
V. Pinkerton, 42, 126d, 675
V. Randall, 497e
V. Reeds, 959, 969, 977
V. Schennerhom, 1050
V. Seherpf, 8736
V. Wilmington & W. R. R., 574a
</. Young, 761, 762
Burtraw v. Clark, 63, 932
Burvant v. Wolfe, 1372
Busby V. Treadwell, 973
Buschman v. Codd, 439, 778
Bush V. Baldrey, 274
V. Baltimore & C. Constr. Co., 615
V. Brandecker, 695a
V. Brooks, 655b
V. Canfield, 744
V. Cole, 1011
V. Finucane, 656
V. Holmes, 734
V. Johnson County, 692/
V. Jones, 660, 662, 1044, 1067
V. Kirkbride, 685^
V. Phillips, 950
11. Prosser, 447, 452
V. Trowbridge Waterworks Co.,
1096
Bushman v. Taylor, 762
Bushnell v. Bushnell, 807, 807c
V. Geo. E. King Bridge Co., 153
Buson V. ElUott, 301c
Bussey v. Excelsior Co., 1215
V. M. & L. R. R. R., 854
Bussman v. Ganster, 999e
Bussy V. Donaldson, 29, 429
Bustamente v. Stewart, 109, 237, 685A;,
685TO
Buston V. Pennsylvania R. R., 846a
Butcher v. Churchill, 801
V. Norwood, 336
V. Peterson, 959, 975
Butcher Steel Works v. Atkinson, 651
Butchers' S. & M. Assn. v. Com., 163
Mass. 386; 1151, II6O0, 1164
V. Com., 169 Mass. 103: 1147
Butler V. Anderson, 439d
V. Baker, 999e
V. Barnes, 238, 962, 982, 983
V. Butler, 77 N. Y. 472; 636c
V. Butler, 10 R. I. 501; 304
V. Butler, 8 W. Va. 674; 801
1). Collins, 436
V. Esohleman, 641
V. Gazette Co., 364
II. Hoboken Printing Co., 444
V. Horwitz, 270
V. Kent, 1261
V. Kirby, 301, 308a
V. Ladue, 785
V. Manhattan Ry., 486a
V. Maimy, 636ra
V. MehrUng, 375, 537, 1326
V. Mercer, 386
V. Moore, 191, 768
V. Prentiss, 439c
V. Rolfe, 675c
V. State, 692i
V. Stockdale, 461, 462
V. Western U. T. Co., 371a, 8946
V. Winona M. Co., 664
Butler H. R. Co. v. Newark, 1164
Butnam v. Hussey, 101, 940
Butner v. Western U. T. Co., 894
Butte County v. Boydston, 1165
Butte Electric Ry. v. Jones, 5716, 577
Butter V. Mutual Aid Loan, etc., Co.,
1070
Butterfield v. Byron, 655c
V. Kirtley, 999j
V. Stephens, 824
Butterworth v. Todd, 1335
Buttner v. Smith, 302a
Button V. Kinnetz, 311, 999fc
V. MeCauley, 641
Butts V. Collins, 1031
V. Edwards, 100, 990a
V. Nat. Exch. Bank, 44, 47
V. Phelps, 819
V. Woods, 689a
Buxton V. Lister, 509, 636to
Buzzell V. Snell, 301
Byerlee v. Mendel, 1064
Byers v. Homer, 487o
V. Jacobs, 947
Byram v. McGuire, 368
TABLE OF CASteS
[RefereBces are to sections]
2807
Byrd v. Bord, 673
V. Southern Exp. Co., 573o
V. State, 692
V. Texas Midland R. R., 1371
Byrket v. Monohon, 447
Byrne v. Elfreth, 733a
V. Gardner, 44a
V. Great Southern & W. Ry., 861
V. Independent School Diet., 667
V. Mmneapolis & S. L. Ry., 924o,
937
V. Schwing, 819, 820
V. Weeks, 1068
Byrne Mill Co. v. Robertson, 199
Byrnes v. Baldwin, 669
V. National Ins. Co., 715
V. Palmer, 540
V. Rich, 961, 964, 966
Byrom v. Chapin, 73
C. B. Coles & Sons Co. v. Standard L.
Co., 168
C. F. Birtman Co. v. Thompson, 695
C. H. Albers C. Co. v. Spencer, 685,
685i
C. P. Mayer Brick Co. v. D. J. Ken-
nedy Co., 752o
C. R. Cummings & Co. v. Masterton,
934
C. W. Dooley & Co. v. Hasenwinkle
Grain Co., 762
C. W. Himt Co. V. Boston El. Ry.,
243a, 645
C. W. Robinson Lumber Co. v. Burton,
22Qg, 226w
C. W. Zimmerman Mfg. Co. v. DaiEn,
923
Cabell V. Arnold, 464
V. Puryear, 301c
Cable V. Bowlus, 43/
V. Dakin, 375
V. Leeds, 608
Cade V. Brown, 1012, 1018
Cadle V. Muscatine W. R. R., 95^ 932,
947
Cadman v. Markle, 6556, 6736
Cadmus v. Fagan, 968, 980
Cadwell v. Town of Canton, 6336
Cady V. Allen, 972
V. Case, 360, 365
Caffe V. Bertrand, 496
Caffrey v. Darby, 816
Cage V. Phillips, 9996, 1056
Cagney v. Manhattan R. R., 1342
Cahall V. Citizens' M. B. Assoc, 688a
Cahen v. Piatt, 613, 753
Cahill V. Bensen, 909a, 916
V. District of Columbia,, 1110
V. Lee, 843
V. London & N. W. Ry., 873
t). Murphy, 445
V. Norwood Park, 1171
V. Patterson, 673/
V. Pintony, 1258, 1259
V. Verner, 557
Cahn V. Western U. T. Co., 883, 889
Cain V. C., R. I. & P. Ry., 95
V. Cody,, 540
V. Kelly, 1012a
V. Volimer, 182a
Cairnes v. Knight, 416, 676
Cairo V. Zane, 346
Calahan v. Babcoek, 334
Calbeck v. Ford, 417
Calcaterra v. lovaldi, 573a
Calcote V. Elkin, 985
Calcraft v. Earl of Harboroughi 480
Calder v. Southern Ry., 385
Calderno v. Atlas Steamship Co.,, 851
Caldwell v. Brown, 573o, 575
V. Central Park, N. & E. R. R.,
484, 1270
V. Dickson, 659
V. Dunklin, 301
V. Ins. Co., 439c
V. Murphy, 86c, 485a, 1289, 1307
V. N. J. S. B. Co., 368
V. Nashua, 1110
V. Northern Pac. Ry., 484
V. Porcher, 1234
V. Sawyer, 1060
». Schmulbach, 425
V. Southern Ex. Co., 847
V. Stadacona F. & L. I. Co., 725
V. Vioksburg, S. & P. R. R., 368
V. West, 530, 531
Caledonia, The, 854
Caledonian Ry, v. Colt, 156, 850, 1089
2808
Caledonian Ry. v. Ogilvy, 1090, 1092,
1093, 1097
V. Walker's Trustees, 1093, 1095,
1105
Calhoun v. Art Metal Constr. Co., 515
V. Burnett, 495
V. Marshall, 345
California, The, 589
California Cured Fruit Assoc, v. Ains-
worth, 4976
California N. & I. Co., In re, 573, 579,
596o, 599a
California P. B. & L. Co. v. Wasatch
Orchard Co., 734
California Pacific R. R. v. Armstrong,
1135, 1175
California S. N. Co. v. Wright, 415,
418
California Southern R. R. v. Colton
Land, etc., Co., 1151
V. Southern Pac. R. R., 1177
Calkins v. Bertrand, 1215, 1233
V. Colbum, 451
Call V. Foster, 686
V. Hagar, 240, 607, 629
V. Moll, 695&
Callaghan v. Hall, 311&
V. Myers, 12466
Callahan v. Ingram, 364, 377
V. Shotwell, 655c
Callanan v. Brown, 257
V. Gihnan, 1194
V. Port Huron & N. W. Ry., 95
V. Shaw, 1331
Callaway M. & M. Co. v. Clark, 196
Callen v. Collins, 934
Callendar I. & W. Co. v. Badger, 760
Callender v. Marsh, 1108, 1112
V. Oelrichs, 817
Callo V. Brouncker, 665
Calloway v. Laydon, 1254, 1256
». Middleton, 451
Calor O. & G. Co. v. Franzell, 1149
Calton V. Bragg, 285, 287
Calucha v. Naso, 632
Calumet Canal Co. v. Morawetz, 1165a
Calumet E. R. Ry. v. Jennings, 1364
Calumet I. & S. Co. v. Martin, 1258
Calumet River Ry. v. Moore, 252, 1151,
' 1171
^ABLE OF CASiES
[References are to BectioBs]
Calvit V. M'Fadden, 516c, 745
Camden v. Allen, 332
V. Greenwald, 676
V. Ward, 6926
Camden C. O. Co. v. Schlens, 762
Camden I. Ry. v. Frazier, 1342
Camden Interstate R. R. v. Smiley,
1117
Cameron v. Boyle, 692, 1258
V. Bryan, 1358
II. Burke, 975
V. Cameron, 37
V. Charing C. Ry., 1097
v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 1171
V. New England T. & T., 436, 43d,
43^
V. New York El. R. R., 924
V. Pittsburgh & L. E. R. R., 1154
p. Smith, 287
V. Vandegriff, 41, 485
V. White, 608, 613, 752
V. Wynch, 81
Camp V. Bates, 343
V. Bostwick, 807
V. Camp, 360, 373
V. Douglas, 1053
V. First Natl. Bank, 331
V. Gauley, 1040
V. Hamlin, 753, 755
V. Homesley, 906
V. Morgan, 89
V. Pollock, 426
V. Randle, 695c
I). Western U. T. Co., 876
Campbell v. American F. I. Co., 623,
727
V. Arnold, 931
V. Barclay, 1216, 1226
V. Brown, 2 Woods, 349; 186, 908,
916
V. Brown, 100 Tenn. 245; 695o
V. Campbell, 451
V. Chamberlain, 682
V. Commonwealth, 692
V. Cook, 1270a
V. Coquard, 310a
V. Cowdery, 301c
V. Dreher, 1347
I/. Fleming, 762
V. Gates, 658
TABLE or CASES
[References are to sections]
2809
Campbell v. Harmon, 377a, 1254
V. Hatchett, 85
V. Hillman, 777
V. Howerton, 614, 988
V. Johnston, 966
V. Jones, 636re
V. Kerrick, 439d
V. Lewis, 1278
V. Los Angeles Traction Co., 1216
V. Metcalf, 685fc, 685n
V. Metropolitan S. R. R., 1123
K. Miltenberger, 2126, 992
V. Morse, 119
V. N. A. Brewing Co., 1354
V. Paddington, 35, 927
V. Pullman P. C. Co., 41, 47, 1216,
485, 873a
V. Railway Transfer Co., 1348
V. Seaboard Air Line Ry., 363o
V. Shields, 11 How. Pr. 565; 999c
V. Shields, 6 Leigh, 517; 411
V. Somerville, 802, 1066
V. Tarbell, 680
V. Wheelihan-Weidauer Co., 1357
V. Wilson, 274
V. Woods, 627a
V. Woodworth, 244, 317, 432o
V. Worman, 695c
V. Wright, 828
V. York, 1306
CampbeUsville Lumber Co. v. Bradley,
739
Campfield v. Sauer, 741
Canada v. Canada, 636i
Canada Paint Co. v. Johnston, 102
Canadian & A. M. & T. Co. v. Fitz-
patrick, 685j
Canadian Pac. Ry. v. Parker, 1089
V. Robinson, 573a
V. Roy, 1089
Canady v. Knox, 418
Canal Co. v. Grove, 1164
Canandaigua & Niagara Falls R. R.
V. Payne, 1115, 1185
Canda v. Michigan M. I. Co., 1243
V. Wick, 66, 753
Candee v. Skinner, 341
V. Webster, 341
V. Western U. T. Co., 154, 888,
890
Candler v. Washoe L. R. & G. C. D.
Co., 937
Candler Inv. Co. v. Cox, 643
Candrian v. Miller, 449
Cane v. Allen, 979
Cane Belt R. R. v. Hughes, 1171c
Canfield v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry.,
142 la. 658; 1348
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 59
Mo. App. 354; 380
V. Eleventh School District, 339
V. McLaughlin, 684
Cannam v. Farmer, 1286
Cannel v. Buckle, 675c
Cannell v. M'Clean, 1010
Canning v. Williamstown, 44
Cannon v. Apperson, 301c
i;. Beggs, 302a
V. Brooklyn City R. R., 1365
V. Folsom, 5166, 734
V. Hunt, 645
V. Labarre, 685ft
V. Overstreet, 383c
V. The Potomac, 67a, 587
V. White, 904
V. Wilbur, 988
V. W. U. Tel. Co., 154, 890, 889
Cannon Coal Co. v. Taggart, 674, 824
Canon City Electric Light & Power
Co. t). Medart Patent Pulley Co.,
760
Canovan v. Neeld, 734
Canteen, H. & F. Assoc, v. Schwartz,
924
Canter v. American & O. I. Co., 235
Canthen v. Breyer, 1369
Canton v. Smith, 313a
Canton A. & N. R. R. v. French, 1159
Canton Lumber Co. v. Lieler, 164
Cantrell v. Fowler, 992
Cantwell v. Burke, 991
Cape Girardeau & C. R. R. v. Win-
gerter, 1014
Cape Girardeau & T. B. T. R. R. v. St.
Louis & G. Ry., 905
Capehart v. Carradine, 641
V. Granite Mills, 844
Capel V. Lyons, 184
Capen v. Crowell, 331
V. De Steiger G. Co., 739
2810
[References
Capital Lumbering Co. v. Learned,
681a
Capital National Bank v. Cbldwater
National Bank, 311e
Capper, Ex parte, 413
Capps V. Vasey Bros., 256
Carbondale Invest. Co. v. Burdick, 185
Cardell v. Bridge, 657
Carey v. Berkshire R. R., 570
V. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 1355
V. Brooks, 946
V. Guillow, 1044
Cargill V. Thompson, 189, 218, 228
Carhart v. Wainman, 229
Carl V. Granger Coal Co., 107a, 109,
999fc
V. Sheboygan & F. du L. R. R.,
95, 924, 924a, 932
Garland v. Cunningham, 126c
V. New Orleans, 656
Carle v. Nelson, 753
Carleton v. Lombard, 773
Carli V. Seymoin:, 618
V. Stillwater & St. P. R. R., 1148
V. Union D. S. R. & T. Co., 363,
363a, 924, 932, 948
Carlile v. Bentley, 172
Carlin v. New York, 642
Carlisle v. Callahan, 134
V. Green, 417, 636a
Carll V. Goldberg, 633c
Carlon v. Dixon, 678, 689a
Carlson v. Great Northern Ry., 1364
V. Oregon, S. L. & U. N. Ry., 573a
V. Stone-Ordean-Wells Co., 633
V. St. Louis & Suburban Ry., 488
Carlwitz v. Germania F. Ins. Co., 726
Carlyon v. Lannan, 493, 493a
Carman v. Beam, 908
V. Franklin Fire Ins. Co., 1042
V. Noble, 795
V. Trude, 762
Carmichael v. Bell Tel. Co., 897a
V. Texarkana, 91
Carmody v. St. Louis Transit Co., 43i
Carnahan v. Hughes, 756
Carnegie v. Federal Bank of Canada,
821
Garner v. Chicago, S. P. M, <& 0. Ry.,
933
TABLE OF CASES
are to sections]
Camer v. Peters, 1024
Games v. Heimrod, 685^
Carney v. Concord St. R. R., 5716
V. Vogel, 734
Carolina Cent. R. R. v. McCaskill,
917
Carolina Portland Cement Co. v.
Columbia Imp. Co., 161
Carp V. Queen Ins. Co., 364, 1337
Carpenter v. Barber, 3835, 1274
V. Brand, 308a
V. Buffalo, N. Y. & P. R. R., 574
V. Carpenter, 90, 633o
V. Cummings, 82, 565
V. Doody, 549
V. Dresser, 53, 565a
V. Eastern Transp. Co., 67o
t>. Easton & A. R. R., 331o
». First Nat. Bank, 695, 740, 762,
770
V. Going, 61
V. Hyman, 387
V. Ibbetson, 644
V. Jennings, 1138
«. Landaff, 1129, 1148
V. he Count, 834
V. Lingenfelter, 499, 534, 936
V. Locldiart, 413
V. Manhattan Life Ins. Co., 53
V. Mexican N. R. R., 41, 47, 180
V. MitcheD, 909o
V. N. Y. Evening Journal Pub.
Co., 448(i
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 129
V. Providence W. I. Co., 725
V. Red Cloud, 1369
V. Shelden, 456
V. Small, 903, 916
». Stevens, 691
V. Stevenson, 682
». Warner, 559
Carpentier v. Atherton, 270
V. MendenhaU, 911
Carr v. Am. Locomotive Co., 1353
V. Bennett, 301c
V. Hills Archimedean Lawn Mower
Co., 633
V. Houston G. & W. Co., 684
V. Moore, 777, 1291
V, Roberta, 789
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Carr v. Smith, 8O80
V. State, 338
V. Toledo Traction Co., 865
V. Tucker, 1031
Carricarti v. Blanco, 312
Carrick v. Joachim, 484
Carrico v. Stevenson, 614
Carrie v. Cloverdale Banking & C. Co.,
4976
Carrier v. Esbaugh, 61
Carrine v. Westerfield, 931
Carris v. Ingalls, 750
Carrol St., In re, 243c
Carroll v. Caine, 618
0. Centralia Water Co., 1347
V. Little, 310a
V. Marshall, 1128
w. Missouri Pac. Ry., 67a
V. New York El. R. R., 11986
V. Pathkiller, 527
V. Sharp, 1031
V. Welch, 660, 662
Carroll's Estate In re, 616
Carroll-Porter B. & T. Co. ». Colum-
bus Mach. Co., 153, 157, 163, 607,
740, 742, 767
Carroll Springs Distilllag Co. of
Baltimore v. Schnepfe, 116
Carron v. Clark, 1265
Carruthers v. Gay, 411, 413
Carsey v. I'armer, 127, 179
Carson v. Alexander, 298
V. Arvantes, 414, 999a
V. Coleman, 1148
V. Gferman Ins. Co., 335
V. Houssels, 777
V. Kelley, 973
V. Marine Ins. Co., 717
V. Norfolk & C. R. R., 932
V. St. Joseph, 1177
V. Singleton, 481
V. Smith, 317, 373o, 387
V. Texas Installment Co., 361
Carsten v. Northern P. Ry., 47, 129,
865
Carstens v. McDonald, 636(i
Carter v. Baker, 1215, 1220, 1228, 1243
V. Burr, 999d
V. Cairo V. & C. Ry., 189, 942
V. Carter, 4 Day, 30; 678
2811
are to sections]
Carter v. Carter, 1 Bailey, 217; 973
V. Corley, 411
V. Denman, 976, 979
V. Duggan, 555
V. DuPre, 515
V. Feland, 493, 497
V. Fidelity & Deposit Co., 808
V. 111. Cent. R. R., 387
V. Kaufman, 419
V. Lacy, 988
V. Nunda, 171a
V. Oster, 44a
V. Pitcher, 933
V. Roberts, 734, 741
i;. Roland, 494
V. Southern Ry., 212
V. Strom, 413
V. Thorn, Slid, 678, 692*
V. Thurston, 1293
V. Towne, 113
V. Wabash R. R., 937
V. Walker, 1060
V. Wallace, 101, 923
Carthage Turnpike Co. v. Andrews,
485o, 1364
Cartin v. Hammond, 1012
Cartmill v. Brown, 301
Cartwright v. Culver, 973
V. Elliott, 1337
V. McCook, 747
V. Puissigur, 1353
Caruth v. Allen, 101, 109
Carver v. J. S. Mayfield Lumber Co.,
334, 695c
Carvill v. Jacks, 959, 1027a, 1030
Gary v. Courtenay, 274, 275
V. Gruman, 761, 762, 1295
V. Lovell Mfg. Co., 1222
V. Preferred Accident Ins. Co.,
116
V. Whitney, 335
Cary Lithograph Co. v. Magazine Book
Co., 245
Casani v. Dunn, 684a
Cascarella v. National Grocer Co., 1329
Casco Bank v. Keene, 708
Case V. Babbitt, 655
V. Brown, 1226
V. Case, 45 la. 48; 444
V. Case, 137 App. Div. 393; 633a
2812
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Case V. Fish, 339a
V. Hall, 908
V. Hart, 78
V. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., 723a
V. Hotchkiss, 310, 311
V. Marks, 445, 451
V. Minot, 1256d
V. Osbom, 308a
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 435
V. Shepherd, 924, 931
V. Stevens, 164a, 762
V. Simonds, 755
V. Wolcott, 1012
Case Plow Works v. Niles & Scott Co.,
762
Casey v. Ballou Banking Co., 373a
V. Carver, 314
V. Galli, 301a
V. Gibbons, 325
V. Gill, 638
V. Kelly-Atkinson Const. Co., 1367
Cash V. Kennion, 275
Cashion v. Western U. T. Co., 894,
8946
Casper v. Khppen, 126c, 182a
Cass V. New Orleans Times, 453
Cassaboglou v. Gibb, 826
Cassady v. Trustees of Schools, 303
Casselberry v. Forquer, 84o
Cassell V. Board Councilmen of Nichol-
asville, 1152a
Cassels' MiUs v. Strater Bros. Grain
Co., 753
Cassidy v. Hunt, 1226
V. Le Fevre, 190, 646
Cassin v. Delany, 1330
V. Marshall, 493
Casteel v. Walker, 330
Castello V. Landwehr, 574a, 577
Castenholz v. Heller, 1299
Castino v. Ritzman, 482a
Castle V. Noyes, 834
V. Peirce, 966
Castleberry v. Atlanta, 1137
Caston V. Perry, 929a
Castor V. Dufur, 979
Caswell V. Coare, 760, 1038
V. Howard, 76
a. Wendell, 962, 966
Catawissa R. R. v. Armstrong, 574a
Cate V. Schaum, 943
Cater v. Illinois Cent. R. R., 864
Gates V. McKimiey, 639, 1266
V. Western U. T. Co., 894
Catharine, The, v. Dickinson, 587, 592
Cathcart v. Bowman, 970
Catherwood v. Caslon, 86
Cathey v. St. Louis & S. P. R. R., 365,
1342
CathoUc Knights of America v. Franke,
301
CatUn V. Bell, 816
V. Knott, 311
V. Lyman, 345
V. Smith, 823
V. Ware, 722
Catlin C. C. Co. i;. Euster, 937
Catron v. Lafayette County, 334
Catterlin v. Voney, 426
Cattle V. Stockton Water Works, 33
Catzer v. Brooklyn, O. C. & S. R. R.,
1347
Caulkins v. Gaslight Co., 83, 497
V. Harris, 3016, 981, 982
Causee v. Anders, 372
Causin v. Taylor, 302a
Cavanagh v. A. W. Stevens Co., 762
V. Durgin, 202, 932, 939
Cavanaugh v. Austin, 447
Cavender v. Smith, 912
Caverhill v. Robillard, 69, 932
Caverly v. Nichols, 676
Caves V. Bartek, 209
Cawdor v. Lewis, 915
Cawood Patent, The, 1230, 1231, 1234
Cawston v. Sturgis, 778, 1028
Cawthon v. Lusk, 738
Cayuga, The, 593
Caze V. Baltimore Ins. Co., 841
Cease v. Cockle, 304, 313a
Cecconi v. Rodden, 962
Cecil V. Hicks, 326
Cedar Rapids, I. F. & N. W. R. R. v.
Raymond, 1166
V. Ryan, 253
Cederberg v. Robinson, 607, 615
Ceigler v. Hopper-Morgan Co., 486c
Celestial Empire, The, 597a
Celluloid Mfg. Co. v. Cellonite Mfg.
Co., 1231
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2813
Center v. American Ins. Co., 711
Central A. Co. v. Buchanan, 636?i
Central B. U. P. R. R. v. Andrews, 26
Kan. 702; 95
V. Andrews, 41 Kan. 370; 947
V. Nichols, 252
V. Twine, 1117
Central Bridge Corp. v. Lowell, 1173
Central C. & L. Co. v. Welbom, 564
Central Coal Co. ». Hartman, 182, 183
Central Coal & C. Co. v. John Henry
Shoe Co., 504, 934
Central Foundry Co. v. Bennett, 574
Central G. P. Co. v. Mays, 1123
Central of Ga. Ry. ». Ashley, 1342
V. Forehand, 1356
V. Glascock, 851
V. Moore, 485a
V. Morgan, 212, 864a
V. Mote, 1354
V. Murphey, 851
V. PerkerSon, 580a
V. Price, 117
V. Sowell, 363a
V. White, 212
V. Windham, 924
Central Ky. Tract. Co. v. Chapman,
1270
Central L. Co. v. Providence, 1158
Central Mfg. Co. v. Cotton, 486c
Central Oil Co. v. Southern Refining
Co., 753
Central Pac. Ry. v. Feldman, 251a
V. Kuhn, 481
V. Pearson, 1169, 1179
Central R. R. & B. Co. v. Atlantic &
G. R. R., 333
V. Lanier, 1270
V. Murray, 933
Central Ry. v. Bayonne, 1167
V. Crosby, 1306, 1367
». De Brav, The, 1357
V. Hassel, 856a
V. Hetfield, 924a
V. Sears, 316, 319
». Senn, 1293
V. Thompson, 574o, 581
V. Warren, 438
Central Trust Co. v. Arctic Ice Mach.
Co., 735c, 762
Central Trust Co. v. Clark, 153
V. Condon, 311/
V. Savannah & W. R. R., 856o
Centralia v. Wright, 95
Centralia & Chester R. R. v. Brake,
1163
V. Rixman, 1167
Cepheus, The, 589
Cemahan v. Chrisler, 494a, 506a
Cemy v. Paxton & Gallagher Co., 248a,
440
Cerrillos Coal R. R. v. Deserant, 573,
584
Chace v. Hinman, 795
V. Lamphere, 914
Chacey v. Fargo, 119, 486
Chadwick v. Butler, 519, 734
V. Lamb, 79
V. Woodward, 127, 155, 992
Chaffee v. Sherman, 79, 80o, 82
Chaffee's Appeal, 1131
Chaffer v. Sherman, 565
Chafoin v. Rich, 702
Chair Co. v. Henderson, 1123
Chairman v. Moore, 692y
Chaityn v. Stock, 6336
ChaUce v. Witte, 153, 742
ChaUe v. Duke of York, 285
Chalk V. Charlotte C. & A. R. R., 139
Chalmers v. Shackell, 447
Chamber of Commerce v. Sollitt, 758
Chamberlain v. Bagley, 417
V. Bellar, 801
V. Brady, 6076
V. Colhnson, 503, 935
V. Farr, 753
V. Hibbard, 620, 644
V. Lake Shore & M. S. R. R., 1342
V. Parker, 107c, 619, 993
V. Porter, 86c, 1261
V. Shaw, 80
V. Smith, 304
V. Ward, 587
V. West End of London Ry., 1093
V. Worrel, 493
Chamberlaine v. Chester & B. Ry., 1076
ChamberUn v. McCallister, 612a
V. Scott, 6556, 665
V. Vance, 451
Chambers v. Boyd, 312
2814 TABLE
[References
Chambers v. Brown, 984
V. Chambers, 301c
V. Donaldson, 931
V. Ft. Bend County, 606c, 6796
V. Frazier, 109
V. Goldwin, 343
V. Harper, 229
V. Jajmes, 657
V. Kupper-Benson Hotel Co., 574o
V. South Chester, 1163, 1168, 1169,
1172o
V. Upton, 3836
Chamlee v. Planters' Hotel Co., 1355
Champion v. Smith, 55a
V. Vincent, 101, 363o, 373a
Champion I. M. & C. S. Co. v. Penn-
sylvania I. W. Co., 165
Champlain v. Detroit Stamping Co.,
667
Champlain S. & S. Co. i). State, 224
Champlin v. Baltimore & O. S. W. R.
R., 932
V. Rowley, 659
Chandelor v. Lopus, 761a
Chandler v. Allison, 127a, 182, 226d
V. Bush, 1293
«. Childs, 1044, 1071
V. Doulton, 100, 990a
».. Grieves, 672
V. Jamaica Pond A. Co., 331a, 1158
V. Smith, 126o
V. Stear, 83
Chandler's W. B. and London County
Councils, In re, 1085
Chapel V. Bull, 956, 962, 969
Chaperon v. Portland G. E. Co., 435a
Chapin v. Murphy, 325
Chaplin v. Hicks, 200
V. Warner, 762
Chapman v. Albany & Schenectady
Railroad, 1182
V. Atlantic Ave. R. R., 1355, 1363
V. Burt, 305
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 318, 844
V. Cochran, 755
V. Commonwealth, 692e
V. Copeland, 101
V. Dodd, 1326
V. Doherty, 551
V. Fowler, 736
OF CASES
are to sections]
Chapman v. Ingram, 753
V. Kansas City, etc., Co., 617, 752
tf. Kerr, 533
V. Kincaid, 1334
J). Kirby, 182, 254
V. Larin, 753
V. McCrea, 819
V. Oshkosh & M. R. R. R., 1148,
1155
V. Pfarr, 1365, 1367
I). Rawson, 940, 1286
V. Rockford Ins. Co., 722
V. Ross, 795
V. Southern Pac. Co., 1357
V. Thames Manuf . Co., 99
V. Thomburgh, 5656
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894,
894a
Chapman Dec. Co. v. Security Mut. L.
Ins. Co., 419
Chappel V. Theus, 301c
Chappell V. Effis, 436, 564
V. Western Ry., 182a
Chappelle v. Olney, 340c
Charde v. Brooklyn, 1154c
Charles v. Altin, 86, 817
V. St. Louis & I. M. R. R., 493
Charles City Plow & M. Co. v. Jones,
565c, 682
Charles J. Webb & Co. v. Novelty
Hosiery Co., 753
Charles R. Stone, The, 587
Charleston v. Newman, 1121, 1149
Charleston & S. S. Bridge v. Comstock,
1154
Charleston & W. C. R. R. v. Reynolds,
1156
Charleston Fruit Co. v. Bond, 413
Charleston Ice Manuf. Co. v. Joyce,
650, 655»»655e
Charleston Lumber Co. v. Friedman,
426
Charlotte, The, 124 Fed. 989; 1367
Charlotte, The, [1908], P. 206; 76
Charlton v. Markland, 1337
Charman v. Hibbler, 970, 982, 983
V. Tatum, 982, 983
Charman, Ex parte, 287
Charrington v. Laing, 415
Chartier v. Marshall, 1012
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2815
Chase v. Allen, 416
V. Bennett, 241a
V. Blaisdell, 493
e. Burlington, C. R. & N. Ry., 1306
V. Clearfield Lumber Co., 2146, 933
V. Cochran, 170
V. Corcoran, 650
V. Dearborn, 677
V. Heaney, 623
V. Hoosac T. & W. R. R., 933
V. Jemmett, 1175
V. Keyes, 554
V. Manhardt, 341
V. Munroe, 558
V. New York Central R. R., 221
V. Portland, 1148, 1172o
V. Smith, 642
V. Snow, 58, 226c
V. Union Stone Co., 308a, 310
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894
V. Worcester, 1147
Chase County Nat. Bank v. Thomp-
son, 535
Chatfield v. Bunnell, 460
V, Wilson, 940
Chatham v. Jones, 742
Chatsworth v. Rowe, 1327
Chattahoochee, The, 687, 588
Chattahoochee Brick Co. v. Sullivan,
614
Chattanooga ». Dowling, 91, 95
V. Geiler, 1148
Chattanooga, R. & C. R. R. v. Liddell,
359
Chatterton v. Crothers, 408, 419
V. Fox, 986
Chaude v. Shepard, 414
Chauncey v. Yeaton, 317
Chauvin v, VaUton, 537
Chaves v. TorUna, 203
Cheairs v. Coats, 999d
Cheatham v. Red River Line, 571a,
1367
Cheddick w. Marsh, 397, 400, 418
Cheek v. Waldnim, 301
Cheeney v. Nebraska & C. S. Co., 502,
503, 935
Cheesborough v. Hunter, 304
Cheetham v. Tillotson, 1276
Cheeves v. Anders, 729
Chellis V. Chapman, 370, 637o, 638
Chelmsford Co. v. Demerest, 694
Chemical Nat. Bank v. Armstrong, 311/
340a
V. Bailey, 309
Cheney v. Bilby, 3406
V. City Natl. Bank, 973
V. Gleason, 1030
V. Libby, 3016
Chenowith v. Hicks, 1326
Cherbuliez v. Parsons, 1361
Chemick v. Independent American Ice
Cream Co., 67a
Cherokee & P. C. & M. Co. v. Limb,
576, 1367
Cherry v. Lake Drummond Co., 924a
V. Louisiana & A. Ry., 1333, 1367
V. Mann, 678
V. McCall, 386
V. Rock Hill, 1115
V. Sutton, 1059
Cherry Valley Iron Works v. Florence
Iron River Co., 6366, 636(i, 753, 755
Chesapeake & 0. C. Co. v. Allegany
County, 241
V. Chambers, 1110, 1154c
I). Knapp, 655/
V. William, 1109
Chesapeake & O. R. R. v. Chambers,
1110, 1154c
V. Conley, 387
V. Crank, 1261
V. Davis, 1356
V. Dodge, 1347
V. Dupee, 1367
V. Fortune, 1366
V. Gross, 96, 948
V. Hawkins, 5716
V. Hoffman, 1347
V. Judd, 1367
V. Lang, 574a
V. Lavin, 58
V. Osborne, 1342
V. Satterfield, 368
V. Smith, 1138a
V. Stein, 1149
V. Stock, 851
V. Ward, 1367
Chesapeake & P. T. Co. v. Mackenzie,
932
2816 TABLE
[References
Chesapeake Bank v. Swain, 271
Chesapeake T. Co. v. Walker, 610
Cheseborough v. Home Ins. Co., 720
Chesebro v. Powers, 241, 455
Cheshire v. Adams and C. Reservoir
Co., 1112a
Cheshire Turnpike Co. v. Stevens, 93
Chesley v. Chesley, 639a
V. St. Clair, 76, 80
V. Tompson, 47
Chesmore w. Barker, 565o, 734
Chesnutt v. Chism, 976
Chester v. Broderick, 688
Chester Co. v. Brower, 1120
Chesterfield, Earl of, v. Duke of Bolton,
V. Jansen, 606c
Chesterman v. Lamb, 772
Cheuvront v. Bee, 9996, 1057
Cheveley v. Morris, 1258
Chew V. Bank of Baltimore, 302
V. Lucas, 989
Chicago, City of, v. Greer, 636a
Chicago V. Allcock, 293, 301c
V. Anglum, 1138
V. Angnet, 1138
V. Barbian, 331a
V. Bork, 1354
V. Brophy, 1328
V. Burcky, 1151, 1160a
V. Colman, 1347
V. Didier, 1363
V. Elzeman, 41, 47, 86c, 180, 481,
485, 1328
V. Fowler, 1328
V. Gillett, 1363
V. GurreU, 226/
V. Hesing, 584a
V. Hoy, 1328
V. Huenerbein, 184, 942, 948
V. Jackson, 1168
V. Jones, 41, 47, 86c, 180, 226/,
3806, 481, 485
V. Keefe, 574a
V. Kelly, 3806, 1328
V. Kimball, 1367
V. Langlass, 41, 47, 180, 226/, 3806,
481, 485
V. Loebel, 1348
V. McDonough, 74
OF CASES
are to sections]
Chicago V. McLean, 44
V. McNally, 1309, 1354
V. McShane, 1138, 1169
V. Major, 573o
V. Martin, 368, 3806
V. O'Brennan, 490, 1269
V. Ogden Sheldon & Co., 1363
V. Palmer, 331a
V. People, 337
V. Powers, 575, 680
V. Pulcyn, 1152o
V. Reid, 1358
V. Saldman, 1363
V. Scholten, 579
V. Sexton, 613, 655d
V. Spoor, 1169
V. Sutton, 1348
V. Taylor, 1115, 1121, 1123
V. Tebbetts, 294
V. Union Bldg. Assoc, 35
V. Webb, 1138
V. Wieland, 1354
Chicago & A. R. R. v. Adler, 1367
V. Davis, 316
V. Erickson, 842
V. Flagg, 42, 47, 864, 865, 866
V. Goodwin, 1177
V. Harrington, 483
V. Johct, 1160a
V. Kelly, 574
V. Logue, 1367
V. Murray, 1328
V. Randolph, 487a
V. Robbins, 924, 924a
V. Scott, 1121, 1295
V. Shannon, 579
V. Springfield, 217, 1161
V. Thrapp, 856a
V. Watsker, 1348
V. Wilson, 63 111. 167; 180, 226/,
481, 485, 1325
V. Wilson, 128 111. App. 88; 1367
Chicago & E. 111. R. R. v. Beaver, 575
V. Driscoll, 583
V. Huston, 584a
V. Loeb, 95, 1109, 1154e
V. McAuley, 1110
V. Barnes, 937
V. Blake, 1138
V. Branyan, 1367
TABLE
[References
Chicago & E. 111. R. R. v. Cleminger,
226o, 483
V. Dresel, 1154
V. HoUan, 41, 483
V. Jacobs, 1171b
V. Meech, 485o
V. Smith, 937a
V. Stephenson, 1367
V. Vestor, 576, 1367
Chicago & G. E. R. R. u. Vosburgh, 655
Chicago & G. T. Ry. v. Hough, 1152a,
1167
Chicago & I. C. Ry. v. Huntor, 1110,
1164
Chicago & I. R. R. v. Baker, 373, 947,
1275
V. Hopkins, 1164
Chicago & J. E. Ry. ». Barrows, 1356
V. Fatten, 1355
V. Spence, 485a
Chicago & M. E. R. R. v. Diver, 1165c
V. Krempel, 486
V. Mawman, 1165c
V. Ullrich, 484
Chicago & N. W. Ry. v. Bayfield, 580
V. Calumet Stock Farm, 852
V. Chicago, 1165, 1171
V. Chishohn, 47, 865
V. De Clow, 172
V. Des Lauriers, 1367
V. Dickinson, 844
V. Hoag, 36a, 86a
V. Kendall, 167 Fed. 62; 1309
V. Kendall, 186 Fed. 139; 935a
V. Moranda, 580
V. Nichols, 836
V. Peacock, 1326
V. Shultz, 316, 318
V. Stanbro, 853
V. Sweet, 574
V. WilUams, 47, 865
Chicago & Pacific R. R. v. Francis,
1123a
V. Hildenbrand, 1154, 1163
V. Stein, 1138
Chicago & R. I. R. R. v. McKean, 1328
V. Morris, 573a
». Northern 111. Coal & I. Co., 999e
V. Ward, 191, 226a, 942, 1275
Chicago & S. E. Ry. v. McEwen, 416
177
OF CASES 2817
are to sections]
Chicago & S. E. R. v. Yawger, 614
Chicago & W. I. R. R. v. Berg, 1165a
V. Cogswell, 1109
V. Englewood Connecting R. R.,
1169
». Ptacek, 573a, 1367
Chicago & W. M. R. R. v. Huncheon,
1154
V. Reid, 107c
Chicago, B. & N. R. R. v. Bowman,
1138
Chicago, B. & Q. R. R. v. Blank, 1367
V. Emmert, 937
V. Gardiner, 851
V. Griffin, 1328
V. Gunderson, 584a
V. Hale, 852
V. Harwood, 573a
V. Hines, 47
V. Krayenbuhl, 1356
V. Johnson, 67
11. McGinnis, 1152o
V. Metcalf, 435
V. Miller, 851
V. Morris, 1334
V. Naperville, 101
V. O'Connor, 60 N. W. 326; 947
V. O'Connor, 42 Neb. 90; 1165
V. Sample, 1367
V. Schaffer, 93, 924
V. Shafer, 1166
V. Spirk, 150, 868, 872
V. Starmer, 481, 485
V. Steel, 1152a
V. Sullivan, 1354
V. Warner, 484, 485
V. Weber, 1367
V. West Chicago St. R. R., 1152a
Chicago Building Society v. Crowell,
623, 817
Chicago City Ry. v. Carroll, 484
V. Cooney, 2216
V. Flynn, 181
V. Gillam, 573a
V. Henry, 62 111. 142; 172, 1328
V. Henry, 218 III. 92; 483
V. Howison, 685e
V. Kenyon, 1348
V. Mauger, 484
V. Riddick, 575
2818 TABLE
[References
Chicago City Ry. v. Saxby, 1216, 214a,
221&
V. Schaefer, 4866
V. Shreve, 1355
V. Strong, 1367
V. Taylor, 170 111. 49; 44
V. Taylor, 68 111. App. 613; 1355
V. Wilcox, 1356
Chicago Co. v. Core, 366
Chicago Consol. Bottling Co. «. Tietz,
573a
Chicago C. T. Co. v. Mahoney, 366,
1345
Chicago City Ry. v. Mumford, 1348
Chicago Consol. Traction Co. v. Schrit-
ter, 44
Chicago Dock Co. v. Dunlap, 939
Chicago, E. & L. S. Ry. Co. v. Adamick,
1367
V. CathoBc Bishop, 252, 1158
Chicago G. W. Ry. v. Gitchell, 434
V. Root, 1367
Chicago House-Wrecking Co. «. U. S.,
413, 620a
Chicago, I. & E. Ry. Co. v. Mason,
1148, 1165c
Chicago I. & L. R. R. v. Woodward, 852
Chicago Ins. Co. ». Graham, etc., Co.,
714
Chicago, K. & N. Ry. v. BroqUet, 1151
V. Davidson, 253, 1171
V. EUis, 1156
V. Wiebe, 1141, 1154
Chicago, K. & W. Ry. v. Emery, 1148
V. Hoffman, 1149
V. Hurst, 1154a, 1156
V. O'Connell, 387
t. Parsons, 1149
V. Union Inv. Co., 95, 947
V. Watkins, 71, 932
V. Willets, 932
V. Woodward, 1148
Chicago Macaroni Mfg. Co. v. Bog-
giano, 294
CMeago, Milwaukee & S. P. Ry. v.
Baker, 1154, 1167
V. Darke, 1165
V. Hall, 1138, 1168
«. Hock, 1169
V. Lindeman, 173
OF CASES
are to sections]
Chicago, Milwaukee & S. P. Ry. v.
Mason, 252, 1166c
V. Milwaukee, 1152a
V. Newsome, 172
V. Randolph T. S. Co., 1151
V. Thayer, 1123
Chicago N. S. St. Ry. i). Payne, 1121
Chicago Office Bldg. v. Lake St. El. R.
R., 1121
Chicago, P. & M. R. R. Co. v. Atter-
bury, 1165
V. Moore, 1165a
CMcagO, P. & S. L. Ry. v. Blimie, 1163
V. Brinkman, 1109
V. Eaton, 1164, 1165
». Greiney, 1164, 1165
V. Leah, 1121
V. Nix, 1163, 1165
V. Wolf, 1164
V. Woolridge, 580, 584a
CKeago Ry. v. Anderson, 47
Chicago R. I. & G. Ry. v. Barnes, 47
V. Forrester, 1359
V. Jones, 852
V. Rogers, 247
V. Swam, 130 S. W. 855; 1363
V. Swan, 127 S. W. 1164; 1360
V. Trippett, 1367
Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R. v. Austin, 577
t). Barrett, 1350
V. Broe, 854
V. Buel, 1141
*. Carey, 225, 942
V. Caulfield, 47, 484
V. George, 1149
V. Hale, 482a
V. Johnson, 937
V. Kennedy^ 86c
:V. McKittrick, 1328
V. Miles, 856a
V. Mosher, 1295
c. Moss, 43y
V. Newburn, 378, 380
V. O'Neil, 1163
V. Payzant, 1347
V. Planters' G. & O. Co., 856, 856a
V. Posten, 181j 860, 1303
V. Pratt, 1349
t. Scheinkoenig, 482a
V. Smith, 1109
TABLE OF CASES
2819
[References
Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R. v. Stibbs,
482
V. Sturey, 1141
V. Wehrman, 1331
V. Whiten, 45a
V. Young, 67 Neb. 668; 1367
V. Young, 107 S. W. 127; 854
Chicago, R. I. & T. Ry. v. Long, 482,
485a
V. Porterfield, 677
Chicago, S. F. & C. Ry. v. McGrew,
1140, 1164, 1166, 1169, 1172a
V. Miller, 1152a
». Vivian, 1140
V. Ward, 1154, 1171
Chicago, S. P. M. & O. Ry. v. Lager-
krans, 683
Chicago Sanitary District v. Loughran.
1138, 1162
V. McGuirl, 1168
Chicago, St. L. & N. O. R. R. i. Abels,
851
V. Jarrett, 1331
V. Rottgering, 253, 1138a, 1149,
1154, 11716
V. Scurr, 368, 387, 388
V. Sullivan, 685j
Chicago, St. L. & P. R. R. v. Barnes,
319, 1334
V. Butler, 171a
V. Holbridge, 1342
V. Wolcott, 842
Chicago, T. & T. Co. v. Chicago, 6856
V. Core, 367, 380
Chicago Terminal Transfer R. R. v.
Bugbee, 11656
V. Helberg, 1367
Chicago Training School v. Davies,
6656
Chicago U. T. Co. v. Berkes, 1350
V. Brethauer, 181, 486a, 1342
V. Brody, 1365
V. Ertrachter, 123
V. Lauth, 1381
V. Lowenrosen, 1363
V. May, 1354
V. Scanlon, 1361
Chicago Union Nat. Bank v. Cross,
565c
Chicago Veneer Co. v. Jones, 1369
are to sectioils]
Chicago W. D. Ry. v. Klauber, 1269
i). Lambert, 180
Chicago Wire Chair Co. v. Kennedy &
Wright Co., 1710
Chidester v. CensoUdated People's
Ditch Co., 113
Child V. Boston & Fairhaven Iron
Works, 856, 1241
V. Devereux, 340
V. Eureka Powder WoJks, 793
V. Homer, 449
Childers v. San Jose M. P. & P. Co.,
364, 377
Childress v. Southwest Missouri R. R.,
5716
Childs V. Childs, 1335
V. Lyons, 685?
V. New Haven, & N. Co., 1130,
1148
V. New York O. & W. R,y., 872
V. Newport, 1109
V. Shower, 917
Chiles V. Belleville Nail Mill Co., 665
V. Craig, 664a
V. Drake, 347, 386, 684
V. Southern Ry., 357
Chillimer v. Chillimer, 676c
Chilson V. Downer, 803
Chilton V. Union Pac. Ry., 677, 678
V. Whiffin, 700
Chinery v. Viall, 80
Chinn v. Wagoner, 972
Chinnock v. Marchioness of Ely, 12566
Chipley v. Atkinson, 470a
Chipman v. Hibberd, 603, 933
V. Union Pac. R. R., 1356
Chippewa Lumber' Co. v. Phoenix Ins.
Co., 722
Chirac v. Reinicker, 911
Chisholm v. Arrington, 271
V. Preferred Bankers' L. Assur.
' Co., 667
Chishohn & M. Mfg. Co. v. V. S.
Canopy Co., 742a
Chisolm V. Neyle, 311
Chisom V. School District, 1277
Chitty V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 1354
Chlanda v. St. Louis Transit Co., 1360
Choate v. Arrington, 692c, 692j
K. Thorndike, 692j
2820
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Chobanian ». Washburn Wire Co., 1357
Choctaw, O. & G. R. R. v. Alexander,
178, 927
V. Baskins, 1367
Choctaw, O. & F. R. R. v. Burgess, 226/
Choctaw, O. & G. R. R. v. Hill, 862,
865
Chouteau v. St. Louis, 1140
Christ Church Hospital ti. Fuechsel, 273
Christian v. Lord Kennedy, 355
Christian County v. Merrigan, Q73d
V. Oveholt, 655a
Christie v. Buckeye Ins. Co., 712
V. Fane S. S. Co., 593
Christopher ». Austin, 999c
Christophulos Cafe Co. v. Phillips, 1257
Christy v. Ogle, 976, 982, 1053
Chrysler v. Renois, 271
Chrystal v. Leval, 777
Chubb V. Gsell, 445
Chuck V. Quan Wo Chong, 1274
Chumasero v. Gilbert, 324a
Churan v. Sebasta, 637a, 639
Church V. Baker, 685fc
V. Bedient, 711
V. Kidd, 308a
V. Milwaukee, 1148
V. Wilkeson Tripp Co., 610
Church of Holy Apostles v. New York
Elevated Railroad, 1191
Churchill v. Beethe, 1109
V. Hunt, 792, 795
V. Burlington Water Co., 948
V. Moore, 785
V. Welsh, 54
Cicero & P. St. R. R. v. Boyd, 1367
Cilley I'. Hawkins, 185, 984
Cimarron Land Co. v. Barton, 410
Cincinnati v. Evans, 189, 932
V. Roth, 1112a
V. Whetstone, 331o
Cincinnati & C. Ry. v. Lutes, 608,
614
Cincinnati & Chicago A. L. R. R. v.
Marcus, 873
V. Rodgers, 212
Cincinnati & H. & D. R. R. v. Chester,
85c
Cincinnati & S. Ry. v. Carthage, 618
V. Longworth, 253, 1148, 1171a
Cincinnati, C. C. & S. L. R. R. v. Mc-
Kelvy, 935a
Cincinnati, H. & D. R. R. v. Cole, 222,
865, 1328
V. Troy, 1172a
Cincinnati, H. & I. R. R. v. Eaton, 42,
150, 868, 869
V. Hildreth, 1177
Cincinnati, I. & W. Ry. v. Baker, 186
Cincinnati, I., St. L. & C. Ry. v. Lutes,
613
V. Pfitzer, 1117
Cincinnati N. & C. Ry. v. Cooke, 1365
Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. R. R. v.
Carson, 1342
V. Crabtree, 1271a
0. Falconer, 935a
V. Fortner, 482
V. Halcomb, 1270a
V. Hansford, 844
V. Harris, 1342
V. Logan, 846
V. Raine, 126o, 873a
V. Richardson, 1364
V. Rose, 212, 862
V. Silvers, 1270
V. Strosnider, 365, 1342
V. Troxell, 4866
Cincinnati N. T. Co. v. Rosnagle, 865
Cincinnati O. & S. W. R. R. v. Webb,
873
Cincinnati R. & M. R. R. ». Miller,
924o, 1117
Cincinnati S. L. Co. v. Western S. L.
Co., 1936, 633, 1246a
Cincinnati, St. L. & C. R. R. v. Pfitzer,
1148
Cinciimati St. Ry. v. Altemeier, 573a,
580o, 584
Cincinnati, U. & F. W. R. R. v. Pearce,
959
Citizens' Bank i;. Baltz, 301
V. Jeansonne, 983
Citizens' C. & C. Co. v. Stanley, 81
Citizens' Elec. Light & P. Co. v. Gon-
zales Water Power Co., 646
Citizens' G. & O. M. Co. v. Whipple,
67
Citizens' Nat. Bank v. Brown, 302a
Citizens' Ry. v. Branham, 44
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2821
Citizens' Ry. v. Griffin, 1347
V. Washington, 580
Citizens' R. & L. Co. v. Johns, 226/,
1365
Citizens' R. T. Co. v. Dew, 1298
Citizens' State Bank v. Morse, 689a
V. Pettit, 793a
Citizen's St. R. R. v. Hobbs, 227
V. Lowe, 1367
V. Robbins, 516a
V. Steen, 360, 368, 380
V. Twiname, 486a
V. Willoeby, 365
Citizens' T. & G. Co. v. Ohio Valley
Tie Co., 6856
Citizens' Telephone Co. v. Wakefield,
1354
City & Suburban Rj'. v. Basshor, 655/
V. Brauss, 1331, 1342
V. Findley, 47
V. St. Mary WooMoth, 1085
City Council of Montgomery v. Town-
send, 1123o
City Electric R. R. v. Shropshire, 384
City F. Ins. Co. v. Corlies, 723o
City Nat. Bank v. Jeffries, 380, 3836,
683
City of Alexandria, The, 595
City of Chester, The, 592
City of Glasgow U. Ry. v. Hunter, 1098
City of Macon, 589
City of New York, The, 589, 596
City of Norwalk, The, 599
City Ry. v. Adams, 221a
Civilta, The, v. Peny, 588
Claflin V. Case, 980a
Clagett V. Easterday, 1018
V. Hall, 341
V. Richards, 680, 689o
Clancey ». Robertson, 669
V. Kenworthy, 692i
Clapp V. Boston, 1154o
V. Herdman, 979
V. Hudson River R. R., 1328, 1330,
1348, 1368
V. Noble, 999e
V. Thomas, 565c
V. Vatcher, 1256fe
V. Waters, 537
Clare v. Maynard, 6 A. & E. 519; 761
Clare v. Maynard, 7 C. & P. 741; 761,
762, 772
Clarence, The, 196, 593
Clarendon Land, etc., Co. v. McClel-
land, 317
Claridge v. South S. T. Co., 76
Clarion T. & B. Co. v. Clarion County,
1173
Clark V. Bailey, 742
V. Baird, 1208, 1295
V. Bales, 360, 373, 1279
V. Barloe, 307, 999a
V. Barnard, 416a, 6796
V. Bates, 55
V. Bell, 78
V. Binney, 447
V. Boardman, 1265
V. Boyreau, 912
I). Britton, 418
V. Brown, 451
V. Bush, 678, 679
V. Busse, 655c
V. Carrington, 802, 805
V. Clark, 311
V. Clement, 80a
V. Colfax County, 3406
V. Dales, 313o, 734
V. Dearborn, 79
V. Deering, 762
V. Dodge Healey, The, 599c
V. Dutton, 301
V. Elizabeth, 1112a
V. ElUthorpe, 1293
V. Fairchild, 655/
V. Fisher, 54 Kan. 403; 976
V. Fisher, 1 Paige, 171; 1290
V. Fitch, 475
V. Foster, 837
V. Fox, 1327
V. Franklin, 655c
V. Gilbert, 655c, 672
V. Gray, 126d, 109
V. Hallock, 214, 665a
V. Hampstead, 1160
V. Hannibal & S. J. R. R., 1108
V. Hardgrove, 975
V. Hart, 107d
V. Hershy, 304
V. Hodges, 638
V. Holdridge, 503, 934
2822
Clark
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V,
V.
V.
V,
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V,
V.
V.
V.
V.
V.
V,
V.
V.
V.
V.
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to eections]
V. Huber, 75
Iowa City, 346
Johnson County Telephone Co.,
1349
Jones, 1 Denio, 516; 636^
Jones, 16 Lea, 351; 834
Kay, 420
Koemer, 646a
Lamoreux, 79, 82
Manchester, 51 N. H. 594; 665
Manchester, 64 N. H. 471; 47,
5706, 1307
Marsiglia, 202, 206, 636c, 758
MiUer, 4 Wend. 628; 814
Miller, 54 N. Y. 528; 218, 316,
645, 562
Miller, 47 Barb. 38; 543
Moody, 305
Moore, 157, 159, 734
Mumford, 238, 982
National Benefit & Casualty Co.,
8345
Neufville, 762
Nevada L. & M. Co., 270
New England M. F. I. Co., 725
New York, 655b
Newsam, 382
North American Co., 453
Parr, 959, 966, 981
Peckham, 35
Pennsylvania R. R., 101, 941
Pinney, 2796, 279c, 744
Reese, 637a, 641
Rdbertson, 983
Russell, 1 Colo. 52; 325
Russell, 110 Mass. 133; 226e, 647
St. L. & S. Ry., 1355
San Francisco & S. J. V. Ry.,
1258
Saybrook, 1154a
School Board, 1096
Sheldon, 311a
Smith, 550
Spense, 1288
State, 1272
Sullivan, 1531
Terry, 6736
Tilton, 464
Tulare L. D. Co., 575
United M. & F. Co., 714
Clark V. Wabash R. R., 1175
V. Warden, 310a
V. Westrope, 6126
V. Whitaker, 317
V. Wildridge, 1041
V. Wilkinson, 678
V. Wooster, 1220
V. Worcester, 1147, 1168
V. Yocum, 1007
V. Zeigler, 970
Clark, In re, 3116
Clark, The, 592
Clark Mfg. Co. v. Western U. T. Co.,
882
Clark Mile-End Spool Cotton Co. v.
Shaffery, 4866
Clarke v. Birmingham and Pittsburgh
Bridge Co., 1112
V. Holford, 990a
V. Janesville, 346
V. Locke, 1012
V. Murray, 993
.,. New York, N. H. & H. R. R.,
926
V. Philadelphia & R. C. & I. Co.,
1350
V. Scott, 106
V. Sexton, 678
V. West, 692i
V. Westcott, 1352
Clarke and Wandsworth Local Board,
In re, 1086
Clark's Cove Guano Co. v. Appling,
1042
Clarkson v. Skidmore, 988
Clarry v. Grand Trunk Ry., 862
Clary v. RoUand, 689
Clason V. Baldwin, 913, 914
Claudius v. West End H. A. Co., 607
Clay V. Central R. & B. Co., 5716
V. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul
Ry., 1362
V. Drake, 324a
V. Hart, 692j
V. Huston, 276
V. Western U. T. Co., 888
Clay Center v. Williamson, 685i
Clay County v. Chickasaw County, 337
Claycomb v. Munger, 980a
Clayton v. Blake, 657
TABLE
{References
Clayton v. Franco-Texan Land Co.,
793o
V. Keeler, 372
V. O'Connor, 440
Cleary v. City R. R., 578, 573a, 575
V. Sohier, 655c
Cleaver v. Louisville & N. R. R., 371
Clegg V. Dearden, 92, 949
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1347
V. New York Newspaper Union,
313
Cleghom v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R.,
368, 378, 379
Clem V. German Ins. Co., 726
V. Holmes, 473, 475
Clemens v. Dryden, 343
V. Hannibal & S. J. R. R., 116
Clement v. Britisb-Amefica Assur. Co.,
722, 725
V. Cash, 413
V. Courtright, 684o
V. Duffy, 690
V. Little, 317, 567
V. McConnell, 310
V. Mihier, 945
V. Spear, 317, 319
V. State Reform Sehool, 662
V. Western Union Telegraph Co.,
876
Clement & H. M. Co. v. Meserole,
735c, 854
Clement Talbot, Ltd., v. Wilson, 1232o
Clements v. Beatty, 734, 1007, 1016
V. Burlington, etc., R. R., 844
V. Eisely, 493a
V. Maloney, 445
V. Philadelphia Co., 1142
V. Schuylldll R. E. S. R. R., 419
V. State, 753
Clemmitt v. New York L. I. Co., 730
Clemons v. Gray's H. & P. S. Ry., 419
V. Seba, 639
Clendaniel v. Tuckerman, 857
Clendinen v. Black, 672
Cleveland v. Bryant, 999/
«'. Citizens' Gaslight Co., 43/
V. South C. & C. S. Ry., 368
V. Union Ins. Co., 718
Cleveland & P. R. R. v. Ball, 1131,
1293, 1295
OF CASES 2823
are to sections]
Cleveland & P. R, R. v. Rowan, 573
V. Sutherland, 485a
Cleveland C. & C. Co. v. American C.
I. P. Co., 419
Cleveland, C. C. & S. L. R. R. v.
Drumm, 579
V. Poland, 1356
V. Fuller, 1326
V. Hadley, 1326, 1355
V. Keenan, 574
V. Lynn, 1356
V. Miles, 575
V. Mitchell, 999
V. Patton, 852
V. Sehaefer, 862
V. Wood, 999
Cleveland-Canton Springs Co. w.Golds-
boro Buggy Co., 752
Cleveland, H. V. & T. Ry. v. Shannon,
1354
Cleveland, P. & S. W. Co. v. Con-
sumers' Carbon Co., 165
Cleveland School Dist. v. Northern
Ry., 933
Clevenger v. Dunaway, 373a, 990o
Clews V. Jamieson, 1298
y Click V. Green, 959, 981
Clifford V. Dam, 180
0. Kimball, 692
V. Leroux, 170
V. Richardson, 226d, 618, 646, 6465
Clifton V. Charles, 1011
V. Hooper, 103, 647
V. Kansas City So. Ry., 1349
V. Newsom, 755
Cline V. Crescent City Ry., 1367 ■
Clinical Instruction Co. v. New York
Elevated Railroad, 1203
Clinton v. Franklin, 363
V. Laning, 1249, 1256
ti. Mercer, 106, 610
Clinton Wire Cloth Co. v. Gardner,
999c
Clio Gin Co. v. Western U. T. Co., 882
Cliquot's Champagne, 1299
Clissold V. Machell, 360, 372, 382, 1279
Clore V. Robinson, 755
Close V. Crossland, 774
V. Fields, 295, 305, 6226
<). Samm, 924
2824
TABLE OF CASES
Closson V. Staples, 459
Clothier v. Webster, 1089
Cloud V. Smith, 310
Clough V. Patrick, 1050
V. Unity, 331a
Clouser v. Clapper, 480
Clover, The, 587
Clow V. Brogden, 999ft
Clowes V. Hawley, 260
V. Staffordshire Potteries W. Co.,
1089
Clowser v. Joplin Mining Co., 936
Clukey v. Seattle El. Co., 1270a
Clune V. Ristine, 67a
Clunnes v. Pezzey, 1300
Clyde, The, 30, 592
Clyde Coal Co. v. Pittsburgh & L. E.
R. R., 156, 843a
Clydebank E. & S. Co. v. Castaneda,
620a, 6206
Coal B. E. Ry. v. Young, 1345
Coal Creek Co. v. Tennessee C. I. & R.
Co., 999a
Coal Creek M. & M. Co. v. Moses, 503,
935
Coan V. Brownstown, 318
Coast Wrecking Co. v. Phoenix Ins.
Co., 599c
Coates V. Burlington, C. R. & N. Ry.,
572, 1306
V. Cheever, 921
V. Coates, 685j
Coatsworth v. Lehigh Valley Ry., 1149
Cobb V. Boston, 1151, 1162, 1169
V. Great Western Ry., 150
• V. Illinois C. R. R., 162, 843
V. Johnson, 1344
V. Klosterman, 979
V. People, 370, 680, 1254
V. St. Louis & H. Ry., 1359
V. Smith, 91
V. Titus, 801
V. Western U. T. Co., 895
V. Whitsett, 739
V. Wrightsville & T. R. R., 924a
Cobbey v. Knapp, 341
Cobum V. Cal. Cement Co., 752a
V. Goodall, 312
V. Litchfield, 980
V. Muskegon Booming Co., ^12
, [References are to sections]
Cochran v. Ammon, 490
V. Cochran, 1338
V. Jones, 766
V. Miller, 368
V. Missouri, etc., R. R., 1171a
^. People's Ry., 419
Cochrane v. Com., 252
V. Justice Min. Co., 1256c
V. Quackenbush, 126c
V. Tuttle, 383b
V. Winbum, 531
Cockbum v. Alexander, 421, 858
V. Ashland Lumber Co., 246, 739
V. Muskoka, M. & L. Co., 199
Cockcroft V. N. Y. & H. R. R., 1011,
1017
Cockerell v. Barber, 267
Cockrell v. Ellison, 191
V. Proctor, 966, 973
V. Warner, 279b
Cockrill V. Kirkpatrick, 340b
V. Mize, 334
Coddington v. Idell, 310a
Cody V. American Educational Co., 250
V. Filley, 335
V. Raynaud, 673/
V. Turn Verein, 618
Coe V. Peacock, 98, 549
Coen V. Birchard, 419
Coffee V. Meiggs, 613
Coffey V. National Bank of Missouri,
492
Coffey ville Mining Co. v. Carter, 580
Coffin V. Brown, 364, 377, 384a, 447
V. Coffin, 481
V. Newburyport Mar. Ins. Co.,
717
V. Osceola, 66, 593
V. Spencer, 364, 372, 481
V. State, 109, 736
V. Taylor, 537
V. Varila, 462, 1326
Coffing V. Dodge, 818b
Coffman v. Burkhalter, 226c, 226d
V. Huck, 959, 960
V. Williams, 519, 746
Cofield V. Clark, 746
V. E. A. Jenkins Motor Co., 633
Coggeshall v. Coggeshall, 89
V. Ruggles, 801
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2825
Cogswell 1). New York, New Haven &
Hartford R. R., 1187
V. West St. & N. E. E. Ry., 1355
Cogwell's Heirs v. Lyons, 334
Cohen v. Bellenot, 948
V. Eureka & P. R. R., 41, 180, 226/,
481, 485
V. Marchant, 559a
t>. St. Louis, F. S. & W. R. R., 331a,
1176, 1177
V. Wittemann, 1258
Cohn V. National F. I. Co., 723a
V. Neeves, 930a
V. Norton, 618, 984
Coker v. Brevard, 410
Coil V. Wallace, 639
Coine v. Chicago & N. W. R. R., 865
Cointement v. Cropper, 1330, 1337
Colbert ;;. Rhode Island Co., 1306
Colbourn v. Wilmington, 432a
Colburn v. Chicago, S. P. M. & O. Ry.,
618
V. Morrill, 999c
V. Northern Pac. R. R., 956
V. Phillips, 842
V. Woodworth, 665
Colby V. Meservey, 685A, 685j
V. Reed, 63, 1028
V. Sampson, 554
V. Wiscasset, 172a
Colchester, Mayor of, v. Brooke, 35
Colclouth V. Nashville, etc., R. R., 1110
Colcord V. McDonald, 80a
V. Sylvester, 685
Colcough V. Milwaukee, 1109
Coldren v. Miller, 276
Cole V. Buckle, 991
V. Cheovenda, 734, 737
V. Conolly, 527
V. EUwood Power Co., 1166c
V. Fall Brook Coal Co., 1309
V. Goodwin, 873
V. Gray, 45, 361
V. Hoeburg, 1260
V. Holliday, 640o, 641
V. Kimball, 979
V. Parker, 575
V. Patterson, 999(i
V. Rankin, 844
V. Ross, 279c
Cole V. St. Louis, 1123, 1140
V. Seattle R. & S. Ry., 226o, 484
V. Sprowl, 924
V. Stearns, 626
V. Swanston, 742, 1059
V. Thompson, 937
V. Trull, 310a
V. Tucker, 373o, 386
V. Zucarello, 753
Colean Implement Co. v. Strong, 537
Coleman v. Allen, 360, 372
V. Ballard, 962
V. Clark, 148, 966, 982, 983
V. Hudson, 89
V. Lucksinger, 969, 973
V. New York & N. H. R. R., 1216
V. People, 1249a
V. Pepper, 373
V. Riggs, 806
V. Simpson, 673d
V. Southwick, 1326
V. Stalnacke, 916
V. White, 480
Coleman's Appeal, 935
Colerain v. Bell, 6926
Coles V. Kelsey, 334
V. Thompson, 86a
Coley V. North Carolina R. R., 481
Colgate V. Western Electric Mfg. Co.,
1225
Collamer v. Page, 689
CoUard v. Southeastern Ry., 136, 146,
252, 852, 854
College V. Western Union Fuel Co., 935
CoUen V. Wright, 239a, 836, 837, 838
ColUer V. Cowger, 304, 979
V. Early, 1255
V. Gamble, 966, 973 /
V. Gray, 302a
V. Lyons, 317
V. PuUiam, 812, 814
V. Rutledge, 651, 671
Collingridge v. Royal Exchange Assur.
Corp., 725
Collins V. A. Luban Co., 163
V. Albany & S. R. R., 1325, 1330
V. Baumgardner, 618
V. Bellefonte Central R. R., 631a
V. Blantem, 36
V. Cave, 441
2826
Table of cases
[References are to sections]
Collins V. Collins, 675c
V. Couoejl Bluffs, 32 la. 324; 228
V. Council Bluffs, 35 la. 432; 388,
1330
V. Crowaover, 1286b
V. Delaporte, 753
V. Dodge, 180
V. Houston, 538
V. Huffman^ 685A;
V. Hutchinson, 565
V. Janesville, 1348
V. Karatopsky, 123, 992
V. Lavelle, 188
V. Lowry, 494a, 506a
V. Mack, 45, 637, 638, 639
V. McClurg, 824a
V. Mitchell, 684
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R,, 67a
V. Perkins, 60, 1271a
V. Price, 612
V. Sabatier, 301
V. St. Peters, 98
V. Shaw, 1285
V. Sinclair, 6856, 685n
V. Stephens, 1216
V. Thayer, 1054
V. Tigner, 762
V. Todd, 487a
V. Waterbury Co., 1357
Collins Park & B. R. R. v. Ware, 1306
Collis V. Press. Pub. Co., 448a
CoUomb V. Taylor, 78
CoUyer v. Moulton, 613, 636c
Colonel Ledyard, The, 852
Colonial Investment & Agency Co. v.
Cobain, 1011
Colorado, The, 593, 595
Colorado C. & I. Co. v. Lamb, 576
Colorado C. L. & W. Co. v. Hartman,
937
Colorado Central C. M. Co. v. Turck,
503, 935
Colorado Central R. R. v. Allen, 1156
V. Humphreys, 1136
Colorado City v. Laife, 1330
V. Smith, 1354
Colorado M. Ry. v. Brown, 1171
V. O'Brien, 1356
V. Snider, 251
V. Trevarthen, 1159
Colorado Springs & I. Ry. v. Nichols,
1354
Colorado Springs Electric Co. v. Soper,
1360
Colorado Springs Livestock Co. v.
Godding, 755
Colrick V. Swinburne, 189, 927, 1195
Colt V. Owens, 90 N. Y. 368; 512, 815,
828
V. Owens, 47 N. Y. Super. Ct. 430;
98, 228e
Colton V. Dunham, 273
V. Good, 646
V. Onderdonk, 33, 932
Columbia, The, 593
Columbia & P. S. R. R. v. Histogenetic
Medicine Co., 908, 910
Columbia Delaware Bridge Co. v.
Geisse, 1173
Columbia Nat. Bank v. Bletz, 333
Columbia Sav. Bk. v. Los Angeles
County, 334
V. Winn, 305
Columbian Bldg. Assoc, v. Crump, 3406
Columbus, The, 1 Abb. Adm. 97; 852
Columbus, The, 3 W. Rob. 158; 589
Columbus & W. Ry. v. Bridges, 581
V. Floumoy, 136
Columbus, H. V. & T. Ry. v. Burke, 685
V. Gardner, 1165
Columbus, P. & I. R. R. v. Simpson,
1148
Colusa Co. V. Hudson, 252, 1165, 1178
Colusa Parrot Mining & Smelting
Co. V. Monahan, 1306
Colvill V. St Paul, etc., R. R., 1148,
1165, 1166, 11716
Colville V. Besly, 798
Colvin V. Corwin, 85a, 6S6h
Colwell V. Foulks, 407, 410, 419
V. Lawrence, 415
Combs V. Scott, 1012
V. Smith, 1140
V. Tarlton, 959, 1012a
Comer v. Foley, 1342
V. Knowles, 466
V. Mackintosh, 565c
Comerford v. The Melvina, 592, 593
V. Morrison, 942
Comet, The, 587
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2827
Comingar v. Jjouisville Trust Co., 248a
Comings v. Little, 979
Commerce, The, 1326
Commerce C. O. Co. v. Camp, 1367
Commerce Exchange Nat. Bank v.
Blye, 536
Commercial Bank v. Jones, 317
V. Kortwright, 627ffl
V. Bed River VaUey Nat. Bank,
819
V. Ten Eyck, 547
V. Union Bank, 819
Commercial Tel. Co. v. Davis, 1363
Comminge v. Stevenson, 91, 924, 948
Comrs. V. Dunlevy, 1162
V. Greenwood, 692b
V. Harkelroads, 1139o
V. Johnson, 1157
Commissioners' Court v. Street, 1165
Comrs. of Asheyille v. Johnston, 1148
Comrs.of Dickinson Cp. a. Hogaji, 1165
Comrs. of Kensingtpii v. Wood, 948
Comrs. of Parks v. Detroit C. G. T.
Ry., 1165
V. Michigan C. R. R., 1165
V. Moesta, 1169
Comrs. of Pottawatomie Qo. v. O'Sulli-
van, 1129, 1148
Comr. of Public Works v. Hills, 620a
Comr. of Public Works oi New York,
In re, 1146
Comrs. of Smith Co. v. Lahore, 1165
Commissioners of Stg,te Reservation at
Niagara, In re, 1156
Commons v. Walters, 451
Commonwealth v. Allen, 692
V. Bosley, 334
V. Boston & M. R. R., 335, 1167
V. Bracken, 311b
V. Bradley, 692i
V. Cole, 692a
V. Collins, 338
V. Comly, 692/
V. Contner, 549
V. Coombs, 1147
V. Crevor, 303
V. Fairfax, 692d
V. ffide & L. I. Co., 720
V. Lightfoot, 545
f . Lineberger, 692/
Commonwealth v. MagnoUa V. L. &
I. Co., 682, 682a
V. Massachusetts Mut, Ins. Co.,
311/
V. Middlesex, 1147
V. Norfolk, 1147
V. Porter, 19
V. Ricks, 341
V. Sayr^, 692
V. Sessions of Norfolk, 481
t). Vanderslice, 334
Commonwealth Electric Co. v. Rooney,
1359
Commonwealth Ins. Co. v. Sennett, 722
Compania de Nav. La Fleeha v. Brauer,
596a
Compressed A. M. Co. v. West, S. P. L.
& W. Co., 635
Compta, The, 852
Compton V. Compton, 346
V. Heiasenbuttal, 240
V. Johnson, 310
V. Martin, 76, 78
Comrade v. Atlas L, & S. Co., 1347
Comstock V. Clearfield & M. Ry., 1163
V. Connecticut R. & L. Co., 486a
V. Heir, 256, 492a
V. Hutchinson, 762
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R..
2266
V. Smith, 274
V, Son, 965
Conant v. Griffin, 584
V. Leslie, 446
V. Riseborough, 326
V. The Pacific Ins. Co., 76, 428
Conaway v. Shelton, 641
Concanen v. Lethbridge, 555
Concannon v. Tyler, 1326
Concord R. R. v. Greely, 331a, 11716
Concord U. M. F. I. Co. v. Woodbury,
725
Concordia Cemetery Ass'n v. Miime-
sota & N. W. R. R., 1130, 1138
Condemnation, Certain Land, In re,
1162
Condict V. Grand Trunk R. R., 119
Condon v. Great Southern R. R., 575
V. Kemper, 413, 419
Cone V. Central R. R., 462, 860
2828
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Cone V. Ivinson, 81, 492a
V. Southern Ry., 1267
Confederate Note Case, 278
Confederation Life Assoc, v. Labatt,
774
Confrey v. Stark, 1249
Conger v. Weaver, 1010, 1011
Congregation of Children of Israel
V. Peres, 667, 673/
Cong. Soc. in Newport v. Walker, 908
Conheim v. Chicago & G. W. R. R.,
854
Conhocton S. R. R. v. Buffalo, N. Y.
& E. R. R., 1182, 1208
Conkey v. Hopkins, 795
Conklin v. Central New York Tele-
phone & Tel. Co., 579
«. Hannibal & S. J. R. R., 973
V. Tice, 1367
Conkling v. Manhattan Ry., 926, 1201
Conley v. Maine Cent. R. R., 1367
Conlon V. McGraw, 93a, 925, 932
Conn V. Perm., 340c
u. Wilson, 639
Connah v. Hale, 55
Connal v. Fisher, 842
Connecticut v. Howarth, 344
V. Jackson, 339o, 343
Connecticut, The, 587
Conn. Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. C, C. &
C. R. R., 346
Connecticut M. L. I. Co. v. New York
& N. H. R. R., 120
V. Schaefer, 729
V. Westerhoff, 334
Conn. River R. R. v. Clapp, 1286
Connell v. Boulton, 974
V. Harron, 734
V. Putnam, 486c
V. Stalker, 470a
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894
Connelly v. Western U. T. Co., 45a,
894
Connemaugh, The, 588
Cormer v. Bean, 793a
V. Clark, 331a
V. Cockerill, 1279
u. Nevada, 123
V. Reeves, 795
V. Shepherd, 921
Conners v. Walsh, 366, 384
Connersville Wagon Co. v. McFarlan
Carriage Co., 153, 190
Conness v. Com., 252
Conniff v. San Francisco, 1116
Connoble v. Clark, 164o
Connolly v. Sullivan, 6556, 655e
Connor v. Hillier, 257
V. International &. G. N. R. R.,
1143
V. Levinson, 1296
V. New York, 1372
V. Potts, 1016
V. Wabash R. R., 1347
Connors v. Chingren, 1027
Connoss v. Meir, 1275
ConoUy V. Dolan, 808
Conor V. Dempsey, 762
Conover v. Rapp, 1226
Conqueror, The, 196, 593
Conquest v. Ebbetts, 999A
Conrad v. Burbank, 310
V. Effinger, 956, 959
V. Grand G. U. O. Druids, 959
u. New York Cent. & H. R. R. R.,
1367
V. Springfield Consol. Ry., 1354
V. Western U. T. Co., 876
Conried M. O. Co. v. Brm, 413, 416
Conroe v. Conroe, 451
Conroy v. Flint, 98
Consaul v. Sheldon, 645
Conservators v. London, T. & S. Ry.,
1080
Consolidated Coal Co. v. Haenni, 387
V. Maehl, 573
V. Schneider, 999
V. Shepherd, 1355
V. Stein, 574
ConsoUdated Home Ditch & R. R. v.
Hamlin, 932, 1164
Consolidated Ice Co. v. Pennsylvania
R. R., 1156
ConsoUdated Ice Machine Co. v.
Kiefer, 1367
Consolidated Ins. Co. v. Cashow, 728
Consolidated Stone Co. v. Morgan, 583
V. Staggs, 574a
Consolidated Trac. Co. v. Graham,
1327
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2829
Consolidated Trac. Co. v. Hone, 573
V. Lambertson, 43t
Consolidated T. L. Co. v. Bronson,
691a
Constable v. Colden, 340
V. Lefever, 671
V. National S. S. Co., 119c
Constant v. Lehman, 1027
Constantine v. Rowland, 684a
Constitution Pub. Co. v. Way, 453
Consumers' Ice Co. v. Jennings, 194
Consumers' Pure Ice Co. v. Jenkins,
646
Contee v. Findley, 336
Continental, The, 587
Continental Divide M. I. Co. v. Bliley,
4926, 520
Continental L. I. Co. v. Houser, 73r
Converse v. Burrows, 762
V. Prettyman, 771
V. U. S., 673e
Convis V. Citizens' M. F. I. Co., 725
Conway v. Mitchell, 614, 1046
V. Nicol, 480 "■•
Conwell V. Claypool, 3016
Conwisher v. Johnson, 377
Conyers v. Magrath, 310, 312
Cooch V. Geery, 910
Coody V. Gress Lumber Co., 933
Cook V. American E. C. & S. G. Co.,
1367
V. Beal, 19, 1368
V. Boone S. E. R. R., 1154
V. Brandies, 753
V. Brockway, 1293
V. Champlain Tr. Co., 71, 950
V. Chapman, 685/, 685re
V. Chehalis River Lumber Co.,
1355
V. Clark, 21 Ky. L. Rep. 316; 302a
V. Clark, 4 E. D. Smith, 213; 704
V. Clary, 537
V. Clay St. H. R. R., 573a
V. Cockrill, 704
V. Courtright, 345
V. Curtis, 961, 964, 965
V. Ellis, 352, 372, 386, 489
V. Finch, 415
V. Fowler, 290, 325
V. Garza, 363o, 373, 1334
Cook V. Greenough, 685ra
V. Gross, 540
V. Hamilton County, 613
V. Hartle, 55, 4946
V. Illinois Trust & Savings Bank,
346
V. Jennings, 841
V. Loomis, 55, 493
V. McCabe, 655c
V. Marsh, 688a
V. Merrifield, 795
V. Moseley, 1073
V. Nicholas, 905
V. Perry, 316
V. Redman, 866
V. Sanders, 61
V. Sanitary Dist. of Chicago, 1166,
1169
V. Soule, 209, 991, 992
V. South Park Com'rs, 336, 1138
V. Southern Ry., 363
t). State, 692e
V. Tousey, 678
V. Zucarello, 753
Cook County v. Harms, 1299
V. Sexton, 642
Cook L. C. & P. Co. V. Oconto Co.,
934o
Cooke V. Davis, 270
V. England, 90
V. Farinholt, 307
V. Independent T. & T. C. Co., 671
V. Meeker, 301c
V. O'Brien, 452
V. Preble, 1046, 1060, 1067
V. Whorwood, 636g
V. Wise, 307, 999a
Cooley V. R. R., 863
CooUdge V. Brigham, 775
V. Burnes, 1041
V. Choate, 244, 265, 432a
V. Neat, 45, 638, 638o, 6386
V. New York, 1367
Coombe v. Sansom, 262
Coombs V. King, 47
Coon V. Moffitt, 473
Coonan v. Cape Girardeau, 416a
Cooney v. Chase, 458
V. Pullman P. C. Co., 873a
Coons V. People, 692d
2830 TABLE
[References
Cooper V. Cedar Rapids, 1110
V. Coates, 308
V. Dallas, 2261
V. Hames, 685^, 685^
V. Hopkins, 43i, 484
t,. Kipp, 1032
V. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry., 575,
580, 582
V. Manhattan R. R., 12056
V. Mullins, 41, 47
V. New York, L. & W. Ry., 924o,
932
V. New York O. & W. Ry., 1367
V. Newman, 565
V. Page, 789
V. Randall, 74, 924
V. Hatliff, 535
V. St. Paul City Ry., 1354, 1362
V. Soyoc, 467
V. Sillers, 91
V. Singleton, 973
V. Townsend, 302a
V. Young, 152, 842, 856
Coopers v. Wolf, 98, 549
Coorman v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
1342
Coos Bay R. & E. R. & N. Co. v.
Nosier, 170, 6476
Coosaw Min. Co. v. Carolina Mfg. Co.,
184, 6856
Copeland v. Copeland, 968, 974
V. Cunningham, 237
V. Hamilton, 762
V. McAdory, 959, 970, 980, 980a,
1041
V. New England M. I. Co., 718
Copelin V. Phcenix Ins. Co., 711
Copper Co. v. Coppier Mining Co., 519
Coppin V. Braithwaite, 4Sa, 47, 865
Coppins V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
1355
Coppoia V. Kraushaar, 106
Coquard v. Prendei'gast, 334
Corbett v. Andetson, 614
V. Brown, 441
V. Oregon Short Line R. R., 573o,
575
V Wrenn, 968, 979
Corbin 0. & G. Co. v. Mull, 618
Corbley v. Wilson, 447
OF CASES
are to sections]
Corcoran v. Benicia, 1116
V. Doll, 334
V. Harran, 386, 487a
V. Judson, 237
V. Ulster & D. R. R., 1347
Cordell v. Western U. T. Co., 894c
Corder v. Martiil, 685to
Cordiner v. Los Angeles Tr. Co., 172
Cordrey v. Washington Stevedore Co.,
1355
Corey v. Buffalo, C. & N. Y. R. R.,
1182
V. Eastman, 674
Corgan v. Frew, 334
Corkings v. Meier, 382
Corliss V. Worcester, N. & R. R. R.,
5706
Cormier v. Bourque, 126a
Corn Exchange Bank v. American D.
& T. Co., 703
V. Nassau Bank, 304
V. Peabody, 512
Corn Products Refining Co. v. King,
1356
Cornelissens v. DriscoU, 987
Cornell v. Jackson, 970, 975, 976, 977,
1027
V. Payne, 468
Cornell, In re, 814
Cornell-Andfews S. Co. «. Boston &
P. R. R., 209 Mass. 298; 11546
V. Boston & P, R. R., 202 Mass.
585; 1169
Comely v. Marckwald, 1215, 1220, 1222
Corner v. Mackintosh, 86a
». Shew, 1277
Cornes v. Harris, 946
Comfofth ». Maguire, 565
Coming v. Corning, 487a, 488, 1259
V. Lowerre, 1184, 1194
V. Woodin, 934
Cornish v. New Jersey S. Ry., 67a
Cornwall v. Qould, 797
Corporation of Hythe v. East, 12566
Corridan v. Wilkinson, 447
Corrigan v. Chicago, 1157
V. Foster, 692c
V. Trenton D. F. Co., 345
Corrister v. ^ansas City, S. J. & C. B.
Ry., 150 '
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2831
Corsair, The, 570, 5706
Corsair M. Co. v. Carolina M. Co.,
6856
Corse V. Minnesota Grain Co., 306
Corson V. Neatheny, 294
Cort V. Ambergate, N. & B. & E. J.
Ry., 636a, 758
Cortelyou v. Lansing, 509, 744
Corwin v. Wallace, 667
V. Walton, 386
Cory V. Boylston Ins. Co., 714
V. Silcox, 73, 101
e. Thames I. W. & S. B. Co.,
146, 147, 160, 183, 190, 740
Coryell v. Colbaugh, 351, 637, 637a
Cosand v. Bunker, 256
Cosgriff V. Miller, 360, 363, 364, 366,
385, 386, 927
Cosselmon v. Dunfee, 1356
Costello V. Burke, 1154a
Costio V. Rochester, 3806
Costigan v. Mohawk & H. R. R., 206,
207, 227, 667, 858, 1024, 1034
Cota V. Mishow, 1064
Cotes V. Davenport, 926
Cotheal v. Talmage, 413
Cothers v. Keever, 762
Cothran v. Ellis, 824
V. Hanoves Nat. Bank, 256
Cotter V. Plumer, 933, 934»
Cotterill v. Hobby, 100
Cottier v. Stimson, 1222
Cotton V. Reed, 60
V. United States, 647c
V. Wallace, 12866
Cotton Press Co. v. Bradley, 368, 573a
Cottone V. Murray's, 666
Cottrell V. Russell, 435
Cotts V. Wheeling & E. G. R. R., 1149a
CotuUa V. Kerr, 444
Couch V. Chesapeake & O. Ry., 377a
». Eastham, 301c
Coughlan v. Phila. B. & W. R. R., 579
Coughlin V. McElroy, 303
Coulson V. Panhandle Nat. Bank, 494a,
565a
Coulter V. Merchants' Union Ex., 43h
V. Norton, 988, 98Sa
V. Pine Twp., 67a
Coulter's Case, 1034, 1044
Council V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 252
Countess of Rutland's Case, 55
Countryman v. Fonda, 572
County V. Brock, 1143o
V. Leidy, 1288
County Board of Education v. Bate-
man, 692a
County of Blue Earth «. St. Paul &
S. C. R. R., 1151
Coupe V. Royer, 1215
V. Weatherhead, 1231
Coupland v. Housatonic R. R., 851
Courcier v. Ritter, 811
Courier Journal Co. v. Millen, 607
V. Sallee, 363, 377
Course v. Stead, 1285
Courtney v. Boswell, 760
V. Kneib, 361
Courtoy v. Dozier, 43
Cousins 0. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry.,
486
Coutant V. Catlin, 1154a
Covenant M. B. Assoc, v. HoSman, 732
Coventry v. Barton, 834
Covert V. Gray, 91
V. Sargent, 38 Fed. 237; 1228
V. Sargent, 42 Fed. 298; 1229
V. Valentine, 941
Covey V. Campbell, 1303
Covington v. BoUwinkle, 1363
V. Diehl, 1364
V. Taffee, 1123, 1138a
Covington & C. B. Co. v. Goodnight,
1364
Covington & C. E. R. R. v. Kleymeier,
95, 1165
Covington St. R. R. v. Packer, 573o,
575
Covington S. R. T. Ry. v. Piel, 1169
Covode V. Principal, 645
Cowan V. Donaldson, 336
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894
Coward v. East Tennessee, V. & G.
R. R., 873
Cowart V. Walter Connally Co., 417
Cowden v. Finney, 665
V. Lockridge, 234, 235a
Cowdrey v. Carpenter, 416
V. Coit, 979
V. Greenlee, 1023
2832
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Cowdrey v. Woburn, 1179a
Cowell V. Edwards, 8076
Cowen V. Winters, 366
Cower V. Lehman, 311o
Coweta Falls Mfg. Co. v. Rogers, 183,
6466
Cowing V. Cowing, 478, 479
V. Howard, 303
V. Rumsey, 1228
Cowles V. Marble, 3406
Cowley V. Davidson, 10 Minn. 392; 98
V. Davidson, 13 Minn. 92; 317,
842
Cowper Essex v. Local Board for
Action Anony., 1102
Cox V. Birmingham Ry. L. & P. Co.,
388
V. Charleston Fire & Mar. Ins. Co.,
717
V. Crumley, 360, 364, 365, 367,
368, 373
V. Estell, 660
V. Gerkin, 777
V. Henry, 959, -964, 979, 981, 982,
1014
V. McLaughlin, 54 Cal. 605; 655o
V. McLaughlin, 76 Cal. 60; 312,
314
V. Marlatt, 324a
V. Phila., H. & P. R. R., 252, 1142
V. Sargent, 689
V. Smith, 93 Ark. 371; 1020
V. Smith, 1 Nev. 161; 330
V. Sprigg, 106
V. Strode, 959, 966, 982
V. Sullivan, 831
V. Vanderkleed, 47, 482, 483
V. Wilmington City Ry., 578
Coxe V. England, 933, 934
V. State, 338
Coxe Bros. & Co. v. Anoka Water
Works, 734
Coxhead v. Johnson, 1348
Coy V. Indianapolis Gas Co., 143, 164
Coyle V. Baum, 765
V. Peoples' Ry., 482, 483, 484,
485
Crabbs v. Koontz, 183, 691a
Crabtree v. Clapham, 83, 537
V. Hagenbaugh, 85, 636^
Crabtree v. Kile, 760
V. Messersmith, 636(i
i). Missouri Pac. R. R., 580
V. Randall, 303
Crabtree C. Min. Co. v. Hamby, 948
Craddock v. Goodwin, 467
Crafts V. Wilkinson, 334
Craig V. Catlet, 449
V. Chambers, 101
V. Cook, 366, 373, 1330
D. Craig, 804
V. Dillon, 416
V. Dumars, 315
V. Durrett, 664a
V. McHenry, 80
V. Penrick, 3406
V. Rochester City & B. R. R.,
1183, 1184
Crain v. Beach, 87, 636A
V. Petrie, 113, 127o
V. Yates, 266
Craker v. Chicago & N. W. R. R., 43i,
47, 357, 379, 380, 1342
Cram v. Bailey, 81
V. Dresser, 1042, 1047, 1058
V. Laconia, 1117
Cramer v. Barmon, 458
V. Danielson, 1252
V. Eagle M. Co., 70^
V. Lepper, 345
V. Marsh, 497d
V. Metz, 613, 614
Crandall v. Quin, 638
Crane v. Andrews, 678
V. Bennett, 1335
V. Dygert, 303
V. Hardman, 1057
V. Knubel, 659
V. Patton, 988
V. Peer, 426
V. Powell, 90, 614
V. Schaefer, 367
V. Stone, 545
V. Thayer, 303
V. Warner, 555
Crane Bros. Manuf. Co. v. Adams, 664
Crane Co. v. Columbus Const. Co., 762
Crane Elevator Co. v. Lippert, 1216
Craney v. Schloeman, 1350
Cranfill v. Hayden, 444
TABLE OF CASES
2833
[References
Crank v. Forty-second St., M. & S. N.
A. Ry., 86c
Cranmer v. Kohn, 193a
Cranston v. Marshall, 862
Crape V. Hefner, 331
Crater v. Binninger, 117, 118, 778
V. Futts, 1148
Craufurd v. Smith, 495
Craven v. Bloomingdale, 378
V. Clary, 959, 979, 981
V. Tickell, 304
Cravens v. Hunter, 107a
Crawford v. Andrews, 554
V. Beard, 274
V. Cochran, 823
V. Delaware, 1115
V. Earl, 750
V. Forest Oil Co., 935
V. Geiser Manuf. Co., 734
V. Heatwole, 419
V. Jarrett, 565
V. Jones, 999e
V. McDonald, 1031
V. Mail Pub. Co., 312, 313
V. Metropolitan El. Ry., 1208
V. Morris, 1279
V. Nolan, 565
V. Parsons, 189, 1265
t>. Rittenhouse, 857
V. Simonton, 334
V. Southern R. R., 575
V. Willing, 310
V. Wilmington Bank, 302a
V. Word, 549, 692i
Crawfordsville v. Bond, 1110
Crawson ». Western U. T. Co., 894
Craythome v. Swinburne, 964 .
Creal v. Keokuk, 1108
Creamer v. Bowers, 323, 1244
V. Moran Bros. Co., 1367
Creason v. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry.,
1347
Credle ». Ayres, 908
Creech v. Creech, 676
V. HumptuUps B. & R. G. Co., 132
Creek v. McManus, 685/, 685A;
Creevy v. Carr, 448d
Cregin ». Brooklyn C. R. R., 573a
Creighton v. Comstock, 743
V. Dilks, 857, 858
178
are to sections]
Creighton v. Haythorn, 531a
Crenshaw v. Smith, 959
Crescent Mfg. Co. v. N. O. Nelson Mfg.
Co., 608, 613, 617
V. Wabash Mfg. Co., 1256fc
Crescent Min. Co. v. Wasatch Min.
Co., 301
Cressey v. Parks, 61
Creswell v. Nesbitt, 692
V. Woodside, 684
Crete v. Childs, 2216
Cretin v. Levy, 337
Creve Coeur Lake Ice Co. v. Tamra,
208a
Crews V. Cortez, 989
. V. Dabney, 440, 777
V. Lackland, 1259
Crichfield v. Julia, 192, 627o
Crimes v. Bowerman, 126d
Criner v. Pike, 76
Crippen V. Thompson, 793
Crisdee v. Bolton, 408, 418
Crisfield V. Storr, 959, 961
Crissell V. Riley, 817
Crist V. Armour, 734
V. Jacobi, 762
Critcher v. Porter-McNeal Co., 762
Critchfield v. Humbert, 906
Crittenden v, Johnston, 193, 625
V. Posey, 316, 774
V. Springfield F. & M. Ins. Co., 722
Croak v. Owens, 755
Crocker v. Field's B. & C. Co., 679a
Crockett v. Mitchell, 326
Crockford v. Winter, 286
Crofford v. Vassar, 682
Croft V. Bunster, 695
V. London & N. W. Ry., 1082
Crogan v. Schiele, 1272
Croix L. & L. Co. v. Ritchie, 934a
Crole V. Thomas, 671
Cromer v. City of Logansport, 2146
Crommelin v. New York & H. R. R.,
857
V. Thiess, 999e
Crompton v. Ward, 547
Crompton & K. L. Works v. Hoffman,
646
Cromwell v. County of Sac, 327, 695,
703
2834
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Crone v. Crone, 301c
Cronemillar ». Duluth-Superior Mill-
ing Co., 668
Crook V. TuU, 334
Crooke v. Anderson, 1194
V. Moore, 755
Crooker v. Bragg, 99
V. Hutchinson, 831
V. Melick, 548
Crooks V. Dickinson, 307
V. Dickson, 999o
V. Moore, 750
Crookshank v. Mallory, 657
Cropper v. Nelson, 275
Crosby v. Cuba R. R., 1357
V. Hanover, 1107
V. Humphreys, 101, 487a
V. Mason, 310
V. Merriam, 311d
V. Morton, 301
V. Otis, 311
V. Watkins, 734
V. Wyatt, 807
Crosby Lumber Co. ». Smith, 316, 627a
Crosby S. G. & V. Co. v. ConsoUdated
S. V. Co., 1237, 1244, 1250
Crose V. Rutledge, 1326, 1328
Croshaw v. Ins. Co. of N. Am., 717
Crosier ». Craig, 638
Cross V. Bellona, The, 599c
t). Brown, 497b, 684
V. Cross, 1256ft
». Devine, 1027
V. Grant, 480
V. HI. Cent. R. R., 482, 483, 484,
485
V. Kansas City, 1177
V. Kansas City, H. S. & M. Ry.,
868
V. Noble, 976
V. Plymouth Co., 1147
V. Wilkins, 1304
Crossfield v. Such, 527
Crossley v. Hojer, 536, 537 ,
Crouch V. Great Northern Ry., 843
V. Gutmann, 657
V. Johnson, 973
V. Kansas City So. Ry., 937a
V. L. & N. W. Ry., 76, 434
V. Miller, 1039
Croucher v. Oakman, 675
Crounse v. Syracuse & R. R., 237, 685ra
Crouse V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 67
Crow I). National Bank, 682
V. State, 295, 317
Crowe ». Gallenkamp, 664a
Crowell V. Beatrice Havener, The, 596
V. Beverly, 1160a
V. Brothers, The, 599c
Crowley v. Apted, 990o
V. Burns B. & M. Co., 734
Crown Vinegar & Spice Co. v. Wehrs,
751
Crowninshield v. Robinson, 1066
Crowther v. Sawyer, 334
Crozier v. Grayson, 801
V. Minneapolis St. Ry., 1360
Cruce V. Cruce, 3116
Crug V. Gorham, 734
Cruger v. Sullivan, 334
Crumb v. Oaks, 431, 493
Crummey v. Bentley, 917
Crump V. Ficklin, 684a
V. Rebstock, 664
Crutcher v. Choctaw, O. & G. R. R.,
101, 854
V. Elliott, 768
Cruts V. Wray, 78, 531
Crux V. Aldred, 419
Crymble v. Mulvaney, 248a, 665c
Crj^stal City & U. R. R. v. Boothe, 1143
Cubitt V. O'Dett, 924
Cud V. Rutter, 750
Cudahy Packing Co. v. Broadbent,
171a, 1270a
Cuddee v. Rutter, 750
Cuddy V. Major, 153, 742
Cue V. Breeland, 435
Cuesta V. Royal Ins. Co., 723a
Culbertson v. Ashland C. & C. Co.,
647c
Culbertson I. & W. P. Co. v. Wildman,
664, 665
Culin V. Woodbury Glass Works, 156,
734, 742a
Cull V. San Francisco & Fresno Land
Co., 989
CuUen V. Bimm, 753
V. Gallagher, 664a
V. Sears, 657
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2835
Cullen V. Whitham, 345
CuUity V. Dorffel, 236
Cullum V. Branch Bank, 3016
Culmer v. Caine, 296, 340
Culver V. Blake, 1060
V. Green, 677
V. Hill, 209, 992
». Marks, 302a
Cumberland v. U. S., 1171e
V. Willison, 1112, 1116
Cumberland, The, 135 Fed. 234; 593
Cumberland, The, 5 L. T. R. 496; 716
Cumberland & O. C. Co. v. Hitchings,
93, 947
Cumberland & P. R. R. v. Slack, 667
Cumberland Coal & Iron Co. v. Tilgh-
man, 77
Cumberland T. & T. Co. t>. Allen, 368
V. Cartwright C. T. Co., 370
V. Cassedy, 363, 373, 380, 1334
V. Hobart, 897a
V. Jackson, 897a
V. Overfield, 1261, 1270a, 1363
V. Paine, 363
V. Pitchford, 1367
V. Poston, 366, 368, 385
V. Quigley, 168, 881a, 894
Cumberland Valley M. P. Co. v. Schell,
' 722
Cuming v. Brooklyn City R. R., 86c,
486c
Cummerford v. McAvoy, 447
Cumming v. Hackley, 796, 797, 800
Cummings v. Badger Lumber Co., 536
V. Bradford, 306
V. Burleson, 237
V. Dixon, 1112a
.;. Dudley, 279c
V. Gaon, 363
V. Harrison, 979
V. Howard, 325
V. M'Gehee, 905
V. Mugge, 685i ,
V. Roeth, 1256e
V. Williamsport, 1142
Cummins v. Crawford, 372
V. Des Moines & S. L. Ry., 1295
V. Ennis, 769
V. Hanson, 636$
V. Heald, 303
Cummins v. Kennedy, 959
V. Presley, 593
Cunard S. S. Co. v. Fabre, 595
Cundiff V. Cundiff, 993
Cunnea v. Williams, 1040
Cunningham v. Carrico, 325
V. Dorsey, 613, 615
V. E. & T. H. R. R., 67o
V. Finch, 6851
V. Jones, 659
V. Metropolitan L. Co., 934
V. Metropolitan S. Co., 534
V. Mutual Reserve Life Ins. Co.,
1367
V. Neal, 1363
V. San Saba County, 334
V. Seattle Electric R. & P. Co.,
1342
». Steamboat Low Water, 675
». Stein, 948
V. Stockton, 414
V. Stoner, 539
V. Sugar, 248a, 565c
Curd V. Letcher, 341
Curl V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 364
Curlee v. Rose, 458
Curley v. Hudson County, 337
Curlman v. Smith, 1115
Cuman v. Delaware & O. R. R. R.,
408o, 647&
Curphy v. Terrell, 12866
Curran v. Rogers, 1024
V. Smith, 193, 607
Currie v. Waverly & N. Y. B. R. R.,
1154
V. White, 313a, 734
Currier v. Baker, 8076
V. Davis, 271
V. Kretzinger, 303
V. McKee, 1255
V. Swan, 384, 1305
V. W. M. Ritter Lumber Co., 667
Curry v. American F. L. M. Co., 685A,
685TO
V. CatUn, 565
V. Commonwealth Ins. Co., 725
V. Homer, 688a
V. Kansas & C. P. Ry., 89
V. Larer, 411, 676
V. Manhattan Ry., 1211
2836
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Curry ». Mt. Sterling, 1138
V. Sandusky Fish Co., 908
V. Wilson, 1300
Curtin v. Harvey, 684
V. Nittany V. R. R., 1164, 1165,
1167
». Western U. T. Co., 164, 894
Curtis V. Aspinwall, 1026
V. Barber Asphalt Paving Co.,
1364
V. Baugh, 794, 936
V. Brannon, 966, 976, 978
t). Brewer, 419
». Buckley, 701
V. Haanay, 761
V. Innerarity, 301, 698
V. Paggett, 98
V. Rochester & S. R. R., 86c, 1270
V. Sioux City & H. P. Ry., 865
V. Smith, 75 Conn. 429; 302a
V. Smith, 48 Vt. 116; 607, 613, 650
V. Van Bergh, 419
V. Ward, 60, 494
Curtiss V. Bachman, 685Z
V. Hoyt, 364, 366, 373, 931
V. Lawrence, 1258
Curtley ». Security Savings Society, 46
Wash. 50; 241, 1027o
V. Security Sav. Soc, 51 Wash. 242;
171o
Curvin v. Grimes, 1353
Cushing V. Boston, 1160a
V. Drew, 418
V. Gore, 793
V. Longfellow, 934
V. Seymotir, 182, 195
V. Wells, Fargo & Co., 272, 844
Cushman v. Blanchard, 962
V. Hayes, 519, 746
V. Northwestern Ins. Co., 722a
V. Waddell, 487a
Cushman & Rankin Co. v. B. & M. R.
R., 67o
Custis V. Adkins, 301c
Cutler V. Close, 657
V. How, 606c
V. James Goold Co., 493, 493o
V. Johnson, 606c
V. Pittsburg S. P. G. M. Co., 1357
V. Smith, 365, 373, 388
Cutler V. Southern, 786
Cutter V. Emery, 807
V. Fanning, 493
V. Gillette, 666
V. Gudebrod Bros. & Co., 1246c
V. New York, 339
I/. Powell, 659
V. Waddingham, 75
Cutting V. Cox, 931
V. Grand T. Ry., 136, 854, 882
V. Miner, 193
Cutts V. Spring, 933
V. Western U. T. Co., 891
Cyr V. Dufour, 1326, 1328
Czamecki v. Bolen-Darnell Coal Co.,
948
Czamikow, MacDougall & Co. v.
Baxter, 742
D. A. Tompkins Co. v. Monticello Cot-
ton Oil Co., 165, 1070
D. H. Ewing & Sons v. Callahan, 1349
D. N. Osborne & Co. v. Carpenter, 608
Dabney v. Catlett, 795
V. New England M. M. I. Co., 717
Dabovich v. Emeric, 517, 745
Dady v. Gondii, 188 111. 234; 96, 1012
V. Condit, 209 111. 488; 1018
Daggett V. Adams, 568
I). Daggett, 695
V. Davis, 257, 494
V. Reas, 966
V. Wallace, 637, 639
Daggs V. Bolton, 334
Dahill V. Booker, 82, 497e
Dahmer v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1350
Daigneau v. Grand Trunk Ry., 172
Dailey v. Crowley, 55, 57
V. Dismal Swamp Canal Co., 91
Daily v. Litchfield, 413
Daily Post Co. v. McArthur, 380a
Dain v. Wycoff, 475
Daingerfield v. Thompson, 481
Dakin v. Williams, 401, 418
Dalbeattie S. Co. v. Card, 614
Daiby v. Campbell, 536
V. India & London Life Ass. Co.,
729, 1034
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2837
Dalby v. Stearns, 822
Dale V. Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R.,
6716
V. Grant, 120
V. HaU, 1032
V. Richards, 305
V. St. Joseph, 1140
V. Shively, 979, 983
V. Southern Ry., 924
Dallam v. Fitler, 59
Dallas V. Allen, 251
V. Hollingsworth, 673a
V. Kahn, 1149
V. Leake, 1149
V. Moore, 486a
V. Ross, 1110
Dallas & G. Ry. v. Abler, 1359
Dallas & W. Ry. v. Spioker, 578
Dallas Consol. Electric St. Ry. v.
Motwiller, 171
Dallas C. E. St. Ry. v. Summers, 490
Dallas Exch. v. Tuttle, 695c
Dallas P. & S. E. R. R. v. Day, 1123
Dallin v. Mayer, 1335
Dalrymple v. Hannum, 1295
Dalton V. Beers, 234, 359, 360, 384a,
1342
V. Bowker, 238, 959, 975
V. Kansas City, F. S. & M. R. R.,
864a
V. Southeastern Ry., 573, 574
Daly V. Byrne, 1328
V. Maitland, 407, 416
V. Van Benthuysen, 360, 377, 454
Daly, In re, 1156, 1171
Dalzell V. Davenport, 1112a
Dame v. Kenney, 451
Damhorst v. Missouri Pac. R. R., 318
Damron v. Roach, 125a, 927
V. Sweetser, 682a
Dana v. Fiedler, 296, 313a, 734, 1297
V. Goodfellow, 969
V. Sessions, 1074
Dance v. McBride, 480
Dancey v. Grand Trunk Ry., 865
Dando v. Home Telephone Co., 1367
Danforth v. Freeman, 660, 662
V. Pratt, 555
V. Tennessee & C. R. R., 614, 615,
6476
Danforth v. Walker, 37 Vt. 239; 630f,
753
V, Walker, 40 Vt. 257; 636/
V. WilUams, 332
Daniel v. Allen, 1368
V. Fort W. & R. G. Ry., 1154c
V. Gibson, 334
V. Giles, 487a
V. Holland, 493
V. Judy, 1275
V. Lumber Co., 411
V. Perkins Logging Co., 926, 927
V. Western U. T. Co., 154, 890
i;. Wharton, 341
Daniell v. Boston & M. R. R., 666
V. Sinclair, 343
Danielly v. Cheeves, 93
Daniels v. Ballantine, 119
V. Bradley, 324a
V. Brown, 75, 83
V. C. I. & N. R. R., 1175
V. New York, N. H. & H. R. R.,
126a
V. Newton, 636i, 758
V. Osborn, 294
ti. Union Pac. Ry., 1354
V. Ward, 325, 331
V. Wilber, 664o, 1049
Danna v. Monroe, 1371
Danner v. Fort Worth Implement Co.,
762
Danolos v. State, 614
Danville Bridge Co. v. Pomroy, 657
Danville Turnpike Road Co. v. Stew-
art, 1348
Danziger ». Boyd, 120 N. Y. 628; 913
V. Boyd, 54 N. Y. Super. Ct. 365;
912
V. Hoyt, 650
Daquin v. Coiron, 301
Darby v. Missouri, K. & T. Ry., 856
Darcey v. Darcey, 416
D'Arcy v. Lyle, 834
Darden v. Orgain, 301c
Darley Main Colliery Co. v. Mitchell,
925
Darling v. McBride, 685A;
V. McDonald, 1328
V. Tegler, 77
Darlington v. Allegheny, 1172o
2838
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Darlington v. Copeland, 685A;
V. DeWald, 99%"
V. J. L. Gates Land Co., 976
V. Western U. T. Co., 894c
Darnell v. Columbus S. C. Co., 363a
V. Williams, 702
V. Wilmoth, 934
Darst V. Mathieson Alkali Works, 666
Dart V. Laimbeer, 193
V. Southwestern B. & L. Assoc,
676
Dashiell v. Moody, 69Sc
Daskam v. Ullman, 705
Dass V. West, 988a
Daub V. Martin, 334
Daughtery v. American U. T. Co., 873,
874, 879, 891, 895
V. Brown, 1140
Dauley v. Williams, 612
Dauphiny v. Buhne, 447
Davelaar v. Milwaukee, 942, 1110
Davenport v. Abbott, 1296
V. Anderson, 777
V. Bradley, 1259
V. Ledger, 59, 494, 540
V. McKee, 333
V. Richards, 69^'
V. Russell, 929
V. Wells, 1 Iowa, 598; 2796
V. Wells, 3 la. 242; 516&
Davenport R. I. & N. W. R. R. v.
Sinnet, 1166
Davey v. Davey, 378
V. Rhode Island Co., 1354
David V. Bradley, 78
V. Conard, 311, 1258
V. Southwestern R. R., 581
David Dows, The, 587
Davidge v. Guardian Trust Co., 777
Davidor v. Bradford, 627a
Davidson v. Brown, 676
V. Edgar, 657
V. Gunsolly, 76, 78
V. Gwynne, 1068
V. Lee, 43
V. Mexican Nat. R. R., 58 Fed.
653; 310
V. Mexican Nat. R. R., 11 App.
Div. 28; 311c, 314a
V. Michigan C. R. R,, 435
Davidson v. Molyneux, 1330
V. Munsey, 1246c
V. Nichols, 126a
V. St. Louis Transit Co., 1360
Davidson-Benedict Co. v. Severson,
579, 580
Davidson Bros. Co. v. Smith, 762
Davidson Development Co. v. South-
ern Ry., 152
Davies v. Hotchkiss, 984
V. Jenkins, 32, 38
V. Penton, 408, 413
V. Stevenson, 256
V. Underwood, 999A
Davin V. Syracuse, 416a
Davis V. Alden, 688a
V. Alpha P. C. Co., 417
V. Atchison, T. & S. P. Ry., 1331
V. AjTes, 665
V. Barr, 668
V. Barrington, 657
V. Bean, 979, 1053
V. Bhss, 80a, 497gr
V. Blue Ridge Ry., 852
V. Bronson, 636c
V. Cayuga & S. R. R., 873
V. Central R. R., 481
V. Chesapeake & O. Ry., 380
V. Cincinnati, H. & D. R. R., 190,
850
V. Crow, 689a
V. Cushing, 235a
i>. Davis, 1326
V. Delpit, 901
V. Dickey, 762
./. Dodge, 665, 666, 667
V. East Tennessee, V. & G. Ry.,
65
V. Elliott, 695
V. Emerson, 808
V. Fish, 201
V. Ford, 618
V. Freeman, 420
V. Funk, 703
V. Gardiner, 50
V. Garrett, 816
V. Gillett, 410
V. Gott, 565a
V. Grand Rapids Fum. Co., 636d,
742
Table op cases
2830
[References are to sections
Davis V. Greely, 282, 324a
V. Griffith, 449
V. Guamieri, 120, 583
V. Hall, 959
V. Hamilton, 451
V. Harding, 691a
V. Harrison, 704
V. Hearst, 377, 378, 380o, 382,
387, 445, 447, 451
V. Hedges, 1073
V. Hendrie, 331
V. Hutton, 922
V. Jefferson Gas Co., 1166c
V. Justice, 1248
V. Kendall, 102
V. La Crosse & M. R. R., 924a
V. La Crosse Hospital Assoc, 419
V. Lewis, 4 Bibb, 456; 1010
V. Lewis, 7 T. R. 17; 448(i
V. Logan, 976
V. Louk, 909a, 914
V. Lyman, 973, 979
V. McMillan, 1337
V. Marxhausen, 448a
V. Mason, 1286
V. Maxwell, 673/
V. Michigan Cent. R. R., 5706
V. Michigan Southern & N. I.
R. R., 873
V. Miller B. L. Co., 933, 934
V. Mohn, 43i
V. Nest, 265
V. New Bedford, 1149
V. Northwestern Ry., 1138
V. Oswell, 505
V. Poland, 2146
V. Pryor, 639
V. Ry., 570a
V. Rake, 301c
V. Richardson, 734, 736
V. Rider, 331
V. Rosedale S. Ry., 237
V. Seeley, 1263, 1337
V. Shields, 734
V. Silverton, 1108
V. Simmons, 908
V. Sladen, 4486
V. Slagle, 640a
V. Smith, 5 Ga. 274; 916, 959
V. Smith, 48 Vt. 52; 298, 310, 344
Davis V. Smyth, 289
V. Southern Pac. Co., 1331
V. Standish, 1248, 1254
V. Starrett, 444a, 446
V. State, 338
V. Tacoma & P. Ry., 43;, 47
V. Talcott, 189, 190, 646
V. Titusville R. R., 1154c
V. Wabash, S. L. & P. Ry., 119
V. Wait, 1040
V. Walker, 311
V. Watkins, 301a
./. Western U. T. Co., 896
V. Wilbome, 774
avis Provision Co. v. Fowler Bros.,
735c
Davis S. M. Co. v. Best, 540
Davis Sulphur Ore Co. v. Atlanta
Guano Co., 755
Davisson v. Burgess, 692
Davy V. Hallett, 713
Dawes v. Dinger, 304
V. Shed, 681a
t). Winship, 316
Dawson v. Amey, 934
V. Clay, 335
V. Dawson, 692^
V. Holt, 688
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 864
V. McGill, 913
V. Morgan, 705, 803
V. Pittsburgh, 1163
V. Quincy, O. & K. C. R. R., 854
v. State, 681o
Day V. Conn. G. L. I. Co., 730
!;. Cross, 734
V. Gravel, 843
V. Holland, 360, 373
V. Litchfield, 688
V. Lockwood, 310
V. Mapes-Reeve Construction Co.,
762
V. New York C. R. R., 51 N. Y.
583; 651
V. N. Y. C. R. R., 22 Hun. 412;
314
V. Woodworth, 233, 234, 352, 360,
364, 365, 366, 927, 930, 932
Dayton v. Estate of Dakin, 317
V, Gunnison, 789
2840
TABLE OP CASES
[References are to sections]
Dayton v. Hooglund, 1060
V. Lincoln, 1141
V. Parke, 857
V. Pease, 117, 927
Dayton & C. R. R. Co. o. Hatch, 627
Deagan v. Weeks, 1031
Deal V. Osborne, 82, 531a
V. Potter, 531
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 937
De Amado v. Friedman, 1367
Dean v. Blackwell, 373o
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 318, 437
V. Peely, 915, 916
V. Governor, 692a
V. Kansas City, S. L. & C. R. R.,
1354
V. Mason, 1220
V. Melbourne, 153a
V. Nichols & Shepard, 506a
V. Oregon R. & Nav. Co., 573
V. Radford, 168
V. R., etc., Co., 580a
V. Ritter, 211, 858
V. Roesler, 984
V. Vaccaro, 844
u. Wabash R. R., 483, 1348
V. White, 607
V. Williams, 339a, 343
Deane v. Michigan Stove Co., 164a,
766
Dearborn v. Boston, C. & M. R. R.,
1108, 1110, 1151
Dearing v. Pearson, 667
Dearing W. T. B. Co. v. Thompson,
1046
Dearlove v. Herrington, 1328
Deas V. Harvie, 695
Deaton v. Polk, 1148
De Berard v. Priale, 685
De Bemales v. Fuller, 286, 287
Deberry v. Young, 660, 662
Deblois v. Ocean Ins. Co., 711
De Boom v. Priestly, 655
De Boul V. Freeport R. R., 11656, 1169,
11716
De Camp v. BuUard, 184, 794
V. Bums, 685o
V. Hewitt, 666, 667
V. Stevens, 673/
V. Wallace, 926, 943
Decatur v. Fisher, 1326, 1328
V. Hamilton, 47
Decatur Car Wheel Co. v. Mehaffey,
574a
Decatur St., Matter of, 243c
Dechample v. Nav. Co., 1155
Deck V. Feld, 257, 750
Decker v. Decker, 78
V. Gaylord, 447
V. Hassell, 667
V. Mathews, 256, 708
V. School Dist., 657
DeClerq v. Mungin, 492
Decorah Woolen Mill Co. v. Greer,
214
De Costa v. Massachusetts F. W. &
M. Co., 172, 939, 941
V. Newnham, 715, 717
De Courcy v. Prendergast Const. Co.,
1262, 1360
Deegan v. Gutta Percha & R. M. Co.,
1357
Deems v. Albany, 318
Deen v. Harrold, 1034, 1046
Deep Mining & Drainage Co. v. Fitz-
Gerald, 1359
Deere v. Lewis, 734
Deering v. Johnson, 6226
Deery v. Williams, 753
Deeves v. Richardson & Boynton Co.,
643
De Ford v. Maryland Steel Co., 119,
196
De Forest v. Fulton F. I. Co., 725
V. Leete, 967, 1261
Defrance v. Austin, 673d
Defries v. Davis, 446
Degnan v. Brooklyn City R. R., 1363
De Goudouin v. Lewis, 265
De Graff v. Widkham, 413, 419
De Groat v. Fulton, etc., Ins. Co., 722
DeGroff V. Amer. Linen Thread Co.,
416
De Havilland v. Bowerbank, 286, 287
Dehler v. Held, 684
Deimel v. Brown, 316
Deisen v. Chicago, S. P., M. & M.
Ry., 1306
Deisher v. Stein, 988a
Deitrick v. Highway Com'rs, 1138
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2841
Deitzler v. Wilhite, 909a, 915
De Jamette v. Dreyfus, 982
De Kay v. Haokensack Water Co.,
695
De la Bere v. Pearson, 12id
Delafield v. 3. K. Armsby Co., 162
V. San Francisco & S. M. Ry.,
279c
V. Westfield, 302a
De La Garza v. Booth, 692i
De La Grange v. Southwestern Tel.
Co., 876
Delamarre v. Bott, 91
Delamater v. Folz, 70
Delano v. Curtis, 55
V. Smith, 999ff
Delaney v. Canadian Pac. R. R., 325
V. Stoddart, 817
Delany v. Hill, 257
Delaplain v. Kansas City, 1216
De Lavalette v. Wendt, 296, 307, 313
Delavergne v. Norris, 967, 973, 979
De La Vergne R. M. Co. v. Stahl, 1359
Delaware, The, 596o
Delaware & A. T. & T. Co. v. Elvins,
73, 926
Delaware & H. Canal Co. v. Dubois,
655e
V. Mitchell, 636b, 734, 737
V. Torrey, 99
Delaware & M. C. T. Co. v. Fisk, 933
Delaware & Raritan C. Co. v. Lee,
1108
V. Wright, 924
Delaware, L. & W. R. R. v. Burson,
331a, 1142, 1149
V. Devore, 486&
V. Jones, 678
V. Oxford Iron Co., 801
De la Zerda v. Kom, 927
Delden v. Krom, 736
Delegal v. Naylor, 256, 275
DeLeon v. Echeverria, 667
V. McKeman, 193o, 856a
Deleshaw v. Edelen, 565c
Delevan v. Bates, 1263
De Lisle v. St. Louis & S. F. R. R.,
854
Dellahunty v. Little Rock, etc., Co.,
979
Delmonte v. Southern Pac. Co., 868
DeLong v. Spring Lake, etc., Co.,
969
Delp V. Edlis, 179, 193
Delphi V. Evans, 1108, 1112
Deluise v. Long Island R. R., 618
De Luna v. Union R. R., 574a, 1372
Delves v. Wyer, 349
De Mahy v. Morgan's Louisiana &
T. R. R., & Steamship Co., 860
Demarest v. Little, 573, 574, 577
Demarett v. Bennett, 973
Demars v. Koehler, 970, 976, 978
De May v. Roberts, 47
Deming v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry.,
43h
V. Grand Trunk Ry., 164, 856a
V. Kemp, 1059
V. Merchants' Cotton-Press, etc.,
Co., 812
Demme v. Dierkes Furniture Co. v.
MoCabe, 615
Dempsey v. Dobson, 78
V. Hertzfield, 992
V. Schawacker, 310
V. W. U. Tel. Co., 212a
Dempster v. Lansingh, 234 111. 381;
1286b
V. Lansingh, 128 111. App. 388;
377b
Den Bleyker v. GastoUj 734
Denby v. Hairson, 1326
Denew v. Daverell, 1038
Dengler v. Auer, 645
Denham v. Kirkpatrick, 440
V. Western U. T. Co., 894b
Deninger v. American Locomotive Co.,
575
Denio v. State, 681a
Denison v. Ford, 7 Daly 384; 987
V. Ford, 10 Daly 412; 188
Denison & P. S. Ry. v. Cummins, 1165
V. Evans, 1149
V. O'Maley, 947
V. Scholz, 1171
V. Smith, 1143
V. Randell, 380a
Denken v. Canavan, 932
Denman v. Johnston, 1306
Denmead v. Coburn, 659
2842
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Denn v. Chubb, 920
Dennery v. Bisa, 182
Dennis v. Barber, 374
V. Belt, 1032
V. Cummins, 400, 407, 417
V. Jolmson, 1335
V. Maxfield, 193, 669
V. Stoughton, 127
Dennison v. Daily News Pub. Co., 43ff
V. Hyde, 226c
V. Lee, 307, 999o
D, Van Wormer, 1255
Dennison L. & P. Co. v. Patton, 1354
Deimiston v. Imbrie, 340c, 344
I). PMladelphia Co., 1110, 1164
Denny v. New York C. R. R., 119, IWd
V. Reynolds, 691o
Deno V. Thomas, 4976
De Noyels v. JoUne, 1347
Densch v. Scott, 685n
Denslow v. Van Horn, 640a, 641
Densmore v. Mathews, 81, 565
Denson v. Love, 973, 979
Dent V. Davison, 98, 679a
V. Dunn, 287
V. Pickens, 638, 639, 640
V. Smith, 717
V. South-Bound R. R., 932
V. Springfield Trac. Co., 1355
Denton v. Crouch, 692j
V. Wood's Adm'r, 688
Denton Lumber Co. v. First Nat. Bank,
695
Dentson v. Henderson, 700
Denver!). Bayer, 1123, 1136, 1153, 1163
V. Bonesteel, 1123, 1136 -
V. Hayes, 302a
V. Hyatt, 1216, 485, 485a
V. Rhodes, 1110
V. Sherret, 481
V. Vemia, 1110 •
Denver & R. G. Ry. v. Bourne, 947,
1136
V. Conway, 318
V. De Witt, 856
V. Griffith, 1171e
V. Gunning, 578, 1367
V. Harris, 41o, 360, 363a, 1270a
V. Hutchins, 734
V. Lorentzen, 67, 226/, 483
Denver & R. G. Ry. v. Mitchell, 1270a
V. Moynahan, 318
». Roller, 43i, 44
V. Schmitt, 1153
V. Scott, 1326
V. Spencer, 574a, 1367
V. Woodward, 574o
Denver B. & M. Co. v. McAllister, 345
Denver City I. & W. Co, v. Middaugh,
91, 1109, 1110, 1164
Denver City Tramway Co. v. Martin,
44
Denver E. W. Co. v. Elkins, 753
Denver L. & S. Co. v. Rosenfield Constr.
Co., 419
Denver, S. P. & P. R. R. v. Conway,
293
V. Frame, 251, 844
Denver, T. & F. W. R. R. v, Dotson,
932
V. Pulaski I. D. Co., 95
Denver, U. & P. R. R. v. Barsaloux,
1152
De Palma ». Weinman, 182, 927
Depew V. Ketchum, 193, 987
V. Peck Hardware Co., 191
Depew, The, 587
Depeyster v. Sun M. I. Co., 710
Deppe V. Chicago, I. & P. R. R., 1328
De Puilly v. St. Louis Church, 667
De Puy V. Cook, 1367
Derby v. Gage, 310a
V. Gallup, 1295
V. Johnson, 655a, 6556
Derham o. Derham, 4805
Deri v. Union Bank, 256
Derleth v. Degraaf, 756
Dermott v. Jones, 23 How. 229; 656
V. Jones, 2 Wall. 1; 655/, 659, 1067
Dem ». Kellogg, 819
Derocher v. Continental Mills, 663,
673a
Derry v. Derry, 107c
V. East Saginaw Bd. of Education,
668
V. Flitner, 135
Derry Bank ». Heath, 685g
De Rutte v. New York, A. & B. T. Co.,
228e, 876, 878, 885, 895
Desha v, Robinson, 1050
TABLE OF CASES
2843
[References
Desha v. Smith, 310o
Deslonde v. O'Hem, 468
Deslottes v. Baltimore & O. T. Co., 154,
879
Des Moineaux v. New York City Ry.,
1360
De Steiger v. Hannibal & St. J. Ry.,
293, 317
De Taslet v. Crousellat, 623
V. Baring, 700
De Tastett v. Crousillat, 817
Detmold v. Drake, 1151
Detroit v. Beecher, 1167
V. Brennan, 1169
V. C. H. Little Co., 1169
V. Daly, 1128
Detroit & M. R. R. v. Griggs, 973
Detroit Daily Post Co. v. McArthur,
448a
Detroit Gas Co. v. Moreton Truck
Storage Co., 42
Detroit White Lead Works v. Knaszak,
149
Detzur v. B. Stroh Brewing Co., 1355
Deutsch V. Pratt, 762, 780
De Varaigne v. Fox, 1187
Devaughn v. Heath, 366, 373, 387
Development Co. of America v. King,
667
Devendorf v. Wert, 99
Devereaux v. Buckley, 854
Devereux v. Burgwin, 295
V. Cotton Press Co., 942
V. Taft, 312
Deverill v. Bumell, 422
Devers p. May, 984, 984a
Devin v. Himer, 1012, 1020
Devine v. Brooklyn H. R. R., 485
V. Edwards, 294, 306
V. Kerwin, 312
V. Lewis, 959, 964
Devir v. Corley, 490
De Visme v. De Visme, 288
Devitt V. Providence Washington Ins.
Co., 711
Devlin v. New York, 63 N. Y. 8; 146,
156, 615
V. New York, 131 N. Y. 123; 331a,
339
t>. Philadelphia, 1151
are to sections]
Devlin v. Pike, 493
Devlin's Estate, 301c
Devol V. Mcintosh, 789
DeWardener v. Metropolitan St, Ry.,
1363
Dewey v. Osbom, 69, 907
Dewing v. Sears, 270
Dewint v. Wiltse, 999fe
Dewit V. Greenfield, 447, 451
De Wolf V. Ford, 873b
V. McGinnis, 1297
Dexter v. Arnold, 310a
V. Collins, 312
V. Manley, 987, 988
V. Spear, 29
Dey V. Dox, 734
Deyo V. Van Valkenburgh, 101
V. Waggoner, 126c, 626
Diamond v. Smith, 365
Diamond M. P. Co. v. Independent P.
P. Co., 741
Diamond Match Co., v. Roeber, 426
Diamond Mills Emory Co. v. Phila-
delphia, 1168
Diamond S. S. M. Co. v. Brown, 1220
Diamond State I. Co. v. San Antonio &
A. P. Ry., 608
Diana Shooting Club v. Lamoreux, 101
Dias V. Glover, 301&
Dibble v. Bron, 873
V. Morris, 233, 234, 359, 360, 364,
366, 373a
Diblin v. Murphy, 1330, 1349
Dibol V. Minott, 615
Dickens v. Shepperd, 975
Dickenson v. Fitchburg, 252, 1129,
1147, 1151, 1154c, 1160a, 11716
». Gould, 310
V. Jardine, 717
Dickermann v. New York, N. H. & H.
R. R., 1151
Dickerson v. Finley, 159, 199
Dickey v. Weston, 86a
Dickins v. New York C. R. R., 579
Dickinson v. Boston, 5706
V. Boyle, lOld
V. Bull, 695
V. Hart, 182, 189
V. Nicholson, 950
V, Norwegian Plow Co., 664
2844
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Dickinson v. Talmage, 226d, 667
Dickinson Creamery Co. v. Lyle, 988a
Dickson v. Ctdcago, etc. R. R., 93
V. Desire, 959, 961, 973
V. Renter's Tel. Co., 878
V. Screven, 819
V. Surginer, 298
V. Turner, 1024
Dieckerhoff v. United States, 416a, 676
Dieffenbach v. New York, L. E. & W.
R. R., 1349, 1354
Die! V. Ferguson, 484, 485
Diels V. Kennedy, 752
Diers v. Edwards, 107o
Diesen v. Chicago, S. P., M. & O. Ry.,
581
Diestel v. Stevenson, 417, 6206
Dietrich v. Hannibal & S. J. R. R., 226i
V. Murdock, 1177
Digby V. Atkinson, 999i
Digman v. Spurr, 743
Dikeman v. Arnold, 1007
Dill V. Lawrence, 410
V. Mumford, 753
Dillahunty ». Railway, 979
Dillard v. Collins, 451
V. McClure, 531o
V. Stringfellow, 685^
Dilley v. Ratcliss, 742
Dilliard v. Tomlinson, 31 1&
Dillingham v. Richards, 1354
V. Russell, 378, 380a
Dillon V. Anderson, 205, 636c
V. Dudley, 302a
V. Great Northern Ry., 5706
V. Hunt, 67a
V. Masterson, 161
V. New York & E. R. R., 846
Dills V. Dougherty, 734
Dilts V. Plumville R. R., 1154c
Dilworth v. Curts, 334
V. McKelvy, 77, 6916
V. TinderUng, 304
Dimick v. Campbell, 1260
Dimmick v. Lockwood, 953, 959, 969,
971, 979
Dimmock, The, 595
Dimock v. United States Nat. Bank,
520, 1050
Dingle v. Hare, 760
Dingley v. Oler, 758
Dinkelspiel v. New York Evening Jour-
nal Pub. Co., 451
Dinnihan v. Lake Ontario Beach Imp.
Co., 1367
Dinninny v. Fay, 551
Director, The, 11 Sawy. 494; 1261
Director, The, 180 Fed. 606; 587
Disbrow v. Garcia, 237
V. Ulster T. 580a
V. Westchester Hardwood Co., 933,
934
Disosway v. Edwards, 408, 418, 676
Distin V. Bradley, 359
V. Rose, 446
District of Columbia v. Armes, 1148
V. Camden Iron Works, 181 U. S.
453; 313a
V. Camden Iron Works, 15 D. C.
App. 198; 308
V. Harlan & Hollingsworth Co.,
419
». Prospect Hill Cemetery, 1148
V. Robinson, 316
V. Woodbury, 485a
Ditmars v. Sackett, 533
Dixon ». Baker, 74, 1165
V. Caldwell, 493
V. Clow, 101
V. Deveridge, 105
V. Fawcus, 1271
V. Scott, 1347
V. Smith, 444a
V. U. S., 680
V. Western U. T. Co., 885
Dixon-Woods Co. v. Phillips Glass Co.,
190, 646
Doak V. Snapp, 276, 734
Doan V. Warren, 98, 103
Doane v. Anderson, 1345
V. Chicago City R. R., 410, 1177
V. Dunham, 1060
Dobbins v. Duquid, 182, 222, 984, 988
V. Higgins, 301, 6556, 662
Dobbs V. The Justices, etc., 544
Dobenspeck v. Armel, 313o
Dobson V. Blackmore, 74, 946
V. Dorman, 1234
V. Hartford Carpet Co., 1234, 1243
V. Postal T. C. Co., 373, 1334
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2845
Dobyns v. Yazoo & M. V. R. R., 574,
1367
Dockstader v. Young M. C. Assoc, 625
Doctor V. Darling, 312, 970, 980a
Dr, Harter Medicine Co. v. Hopkins,
633, 834(2
Dodd V. Jones, 226, 622, 623
V. Noiris, 475
Dodds V. Hakes, 189, 984, 987
Dodge V. Chandler, 531a
». Cohen, 685^
V. County Commrs., 1119
V. Keine, 753
V. Perkins, 305
V. Rockport, 331a
V. Tileston, 1066
Dodson V. Cincinnati, 1155
V. Cooper, 58, 316, 494, 494c, 565a
V. McAdams, 673d
Dodwell V. Gibbs, 911
Doe V. Ausman, 98
V. Black, 901
V. Davis, 920
V. Dyeball, 1276
V. Filliter, 350, 920
V. Hare, 918, 920
V. Harlow, 911
V. Huddart, 920
V. Perkins, 920
V. Roe, 448c
V. Rowlands, 210, 999ft
V. Vallejo, 345
V. Warren, 343, 345
Doerhoefer v. Shewmaker, 386, 487a,
1345
Doggett V. Emerson, 303
Doherty v. Des Moines City Ry., 1354
V. Dolan, 1012, 1018
V. Munson, 107c
Doig V. Barkley, 345
Dolan V. Rodgers, 655d
Dolbeattie Steamship Co. v. Card, 858
Dolbeer v. Waterworks Co., 1165a
Dole V. New Orleans R. & L. Co., 1333,
1348
Dolf V. Bassett, 921
D'Olier v. New York Cent. & H. R. R.,
852
Doliff V. Robbins, 497
Doll V. Cooper, 682, 683
Doll V. Hennessy Mercantile Co., 4976
Dollar V. International Banking Corp.,
695
Dolph V. Troy Laundry Mach. Co., 734
Dolson V. Saxton, 556
Dommerich v. Garfunkel, 766
Domville v. Keevan, 1268
Donahoe v. Emery, 862
V. Star Pub. Co., 448a
V. Johnson, 685ft, 685fc
». Parkman, 414
V. Partridge, 302
V. Prosser, 1050
Donald v. Ballard, 4866
V. Lightfoot, 70
V. St. Louis, K. C. & N. R. R., 924a
Donaldson v. Mississippi & M. R. R. R.,
573a, 580, 581
V. State, 6796
Donellan v. Hardy, 531a
Donelly v. Booth B. & H. I. G. Co.,
1326
V. St. Paul City Ry., 1363
Donely v. Rockfeller, 792
Donhard v. Shirley, 1334
Donk Bros. C. & C. Co. v. Novero, 932
V. Thil, 172a
Donlan v. Evans, 959, 965, 1028
Donnell v. Columbian Ins. Co., 716
V. Jones, 113, 126c, 352, 372, 467,
1271
V. Sandford, 481, 484, 485
V. Thompson, 973, 976, 979
Donnelly v. Brooklyn, 331a, 339
V. Chicago C. Ry., 123
V. Harris, 487a
V. Hufschmidt, 483
Donner v. Redenbaugh, 1010
Donohoe v. Henry, 107a
Donohue v. Chase, 3406
Donovan v. Clark, 688
V. Consolidated Coal Co., 935
V. Hanauer, 426
V. Johnson, 803
V. New Orleans, 32
Dooley v. Boston Elevated Ry., 214a
V. Gladiator, C. G. M. & M. Co.,
257
V. Smith, 269, 3406
Doolin V. Omnibus Cable Co., 485(i
2846
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Doolittle V. Dwight, 797
V. Eddy, 1293
V. McCuUough, 7 Oh. St. 299; 59
V. McCuUough, 12 Oh. St. 360;
6556
V. Murray, 611
V. Nash, 655c
Dooly Black v. Salt Lake R. T. Co.,
1117
Doom V. Curran, 1012a, 1027ffl
Dooner v. Delaware & H. C. Co., 481
Door V. Fisher, 762
Doover v. Pennsylvania R. R., 1120
Doran v. Brooklyn & N. Y . F. Co., 1342
V. Butler, 692?
V. Cohen, 85c
Dorchester ». Coventry, 921, 922
Dorchester, The, 589
Dore V. Milwaukee, 1110, 1112a
Doremus v. Patarson, 947
Doremus, In re, 324o
Dorer v. Hood, 916
Dorgan v. Boston, 1128, 1147
V. Tel. Co., 895
Doriocourt v. Lacroix, 1012
Dority v. Dunning, 91
Dorian v. East Brandywine & W. R. R.,
1195
Domian v. Ames, 99
V. Jacksonville, 110
V. Sebree, 1340
Dormer v. Fortescue, 908
Dorn V. Cooper, 443
Dorr V. Clark, 684
Dorrah v.l.C. R. R., 43/, 372
Dorrance, Matter of, 1128
Dorrance & Co. v. International & G.
N. R. R., 316
Dorris v. Miller, 241b
V. Warford, 484, 485
Dorser v. Hale, 753
Dorsett v. Firth, 493o, 519
Dorsey v. Dashiell, 789
V. Henderson, 1152a
V. Manlove, 363o, 364, 365, 366,
367, 432a
V. Moore, 74
Dorwin v. Porter, 209, 991
Doss V. Billington, 932
(1. Doss, 1268
Doss V. Jones, 447
V. Missouri, K. & T. R. R., 379
Doster v. Brown, 655c
V. Western U. T. Co., 361
Doten V. Boston, 1230
V. Doten, 301c
Dothage v. Stuart, 916
Dothard v. Sheid, 237, 682a, 683, 1266
Dotterer v. Bennett, 295, 312
Doty ». Doty, 1014
». Miller, 934a
V. Quincy, O. & K. C. R. R., 933,
943
Doubet V. Kirkman, 641
Doud V. Duluth Milling Co., 170, 646
V. Guthrie, 101
V. Mason aty R. R., 1154, 1171a
Dougherty v. Bunting, 946
V. Chestnutt, 934, 935
V. Dore, 685d
V. Duvall, 961
V. Miller, 334
Dougherty Co. v. Tift, 1173
Douglas V. Fox, 366
V. Gausman, 637, 638, 1328
V. Hoffman, 382
V. Minnesota Transfer Co., 851
Douglass V. Boonsborough Turnpike
R. R., 1112
V. Campbell, 40
». Clarke, 786
t). Ferris, 681o
V. Kessler, 692c
V. Kraft, 517
V. McAllister, 513
V. Moses, 762
V. Murphy, 623, 817, 999i
V. Northern Cent. Ry., 1367
i). Ohio River R. R., 107o, 170, 184
V. Railroad, 873
V. Tousey, 451
Doushkess v. Burger Brewing Co., 622
Douty V. Bird, 121d
Dover v. Twombly, 6926, 692(£
Dow V. Adams, 999o
V. Humbert, 56, 107d, 547, 562
ti. Julien, 363, 565, 565o
V. Simset T. & T. Co., 1354
V. Winnipesaukee Gas & Electric
Co., 1260
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2847
Dowa^ac Manuf. Co. v. Corbit, 170
V. White Rock Lumber Co., 753
Dowd V. Westinghouse A. B. Co., 1371
Dowdney v. McCuUom, 279c
Dowell ». Griswold, 335
Downer v. Baxter, 803
V. Madison County Bank, 819
V. Smith, 976
V. Whittier, 326, 339o
Downes v. Back, 508
Downey v. Beach, 331
V. Biggs, 1012o
V. Burke, 660
V. Stirton, 449
Downie v. Ladd, 976
Downing v. Brown, 447
V. Outerbridge, 366, 496
Downs V. Allen, 334
Dows V. Greene, 78
V. Rush, 531
V. National Exchange Bank, 317,
497
Dox V. Dey, 295, 313a, 1258
Doyle V. American F. Ins. Co., 725
V. Brundred, 964, 975
V. Bums, 5166
V. Days, 134
V. Dixon, 1330
V. Eccles, 261
V. Kansas City & S. Ry., 1149
V. Kiser, 873, 1289
V. Lamson, C. & S. Ry., 331a
V. St. James' Church, 310
Doysher v. Adams, 1031
Draffen v. Boonville, 692e
Drago V. Mead, 991, 992
Drake v. Auerbach, 261, 531
V. Baker, 1009, 1011
V. Bosworth, 1154
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 184,
937, 947
V. Cockroft, 1058
V. Eubanks, 1028
V. Gilmore, 579
V. Holbrook, 777
V. Hudson River R. R., 1183, 1184,
1185
V. Kiely, 226j
i». Lady Ensley Coal, Iron & R.
Co., 35
Drake v. Mitchell, 797, 798
V. Sherman, 6956
V. Sworts, 681o, 682, 682a
V. Webb, 680, 688, 688a
Dranow v. MacDonald, 832
Draper v. Baker, 385
V. Randolph, 1067
V. Saxton, 1296
V. Sweet, 764
V. Tucker, 575, 1372
Dreamland, The, 587
Drenner v. Charles, 498
Dresch v. Elliott, 1347
Dresher v. Becker, 1027
Dresser v. Missouri & I. R. R., 695
Dresser Manuf. Co. v. Waterston, 499
Drew V. Baby, 71, 74
V. Beall, 1027
V. Ellis, 566(i
V. Pedlar, 414, 426a, 1023
V. Sixth Ave. R. R., 86c, 570
V. Towle, 956, 959, 982, 983
Drews v. E. P. Burton & Co., 35
V. Williams, 685o
Drexel v. Man, 907, 919
Dreyfus v. Peruvian Guano Co., 538
V. St. Louis & S. Ry., 43A
Driess V. Frederich, 1216, 1348
Driessel v. Urkart, 364
Driggera v. Bell, 313a, 734
Driggs V. Dwight, 607a, 1266
Drinkwater v. Dinsmore, 67
Drischman v. McManemin, 984
DriscoU V. Gaffey, 43i
V. Humes, Cruise & Smiley Co.,
1347
». Taunton, 1149
Driver v. Western Union R. R., 224,
1151, 1154, 1169
Droege v. Interurban St. Ry., 1259
Drogmund v. Metropolitan St. Ry.,
171a
Drohn v. Brewer, 365, 372, 487a
Drown v. Allen, 451
V. New England Tel. & Tel. Co.,
481
Druckeru. Manhattan Ry., 1184, 1191,
1198, 1205
Drumm v. Cessnum, 457, 459, 1331
II. Harrison, 98
2848
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Drumm-Flats Com. Co. i;. Edmission,
317
Drumm S. & F. Co. v. J. Horace Mc-
Farland Co., 610
Drummond v. Eau Claire, 923, 1110
V. Humphreys, 834
Drury v. Connor, 908
V. Holden, 964
V. Merrill, 637
V. Midland R. R., 331o, 1165a
V. Reg., 331a
V. Shumway, 962
Druse v. Wheeler, 929
Dryden v. Kellogg, 959
Dryer v. Lewis, 205
Diyfoos V. Uhl, 752
Dubay v. Kelly, 975, 982
Du Belloix v. Lord Waterpark, 287
Duberley v. Gunning, 355, 1235
Dubois V. Allen, 469
V. C. Co., 655e
V. Decker, 491
V. Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.,
655
V. Glaub, 136
V. Hermance, 236, 240, 802
V. Spinks, 565
Du Bost V. Beresford, 265
Dubuque Lumber Co. v. Kimball, 310
Dubuque W. & C. A. v. Dubuque, 121d
Duche V. Wilson, 603
Ducktown S. C. & I. Co. v. Barnes, 937
Duckworth v. Ewart, 622
V. Johnson, 575
Dudley v. Johnson, 915
V. Reynolds, 330
Duecker v. Goeres, 760
Duff V. Judson, 638c
Duff & R. F. Co. V. Read, 359, 378
Duffield V. Pike, 301c
V. Rosenzweig, 926, 1157
V. Scott, 805
V. Tobin, 1326
Duffy V. Donovan, 918
V. Duncan, 311c
V. Frankenberg, 361
V. Jacobson, 1347
I/. Shockey, 408, 418
i;. Thompson, 873
Dufort V. Abadie, 47, 443
Dugan V. Anderson, 90, 636d, 666
Duggan V. Baltimore & O. R. R., 461,
462, 463
Dugger V. Wright, 692c
Duggleby Bros v. Lewis Roofing Co.,
620
Dugue V. Levy, 615
Duke p. Missouri Pac. R. R., 171, 171a,
483
V. Morning Journal Assoc, 368
V. Norfolk & W. Ry., 752
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 577, 1367
Dukeman v. Cleveland, C. C. & St. L.
Ry., 584o
Dulany v. Nolan County, 1143
Du Laurans v. St. Paul R. R., 363
Dulieu V. White, 43a, 436, 43d, 4Sh
Dulin V. Knechtel, 999/
DuUaghan v. Fitch, 412
DuUea v. Taylor, 194
Duluth & W. R. R. V. West, 1171
Duluth Furnace Co. v. Iron Belt Min-
ing Co., 737
Dumars v. Miller, 959, 961, 1006, 1009
Dumois V. Mayor of New York, 926
Dumont v. Smith, 1261
Dumont, The, 589
Dunbar v. Cowger, 482, 1370
V. Montgomery, 191
Duncan v. Baker, 660
V. Blundell, 674
V. Brown, 449
V. Citizens' Nat. Bank, 565d
V. Hill, 834
V. Holder, 824a
V. Jackson, 1368
V. Johnson, 615
V. Levee Comrs., 1166ii
V. McMahan, 734
V. Markley, 86, 91, 924
V. Matney, 565a
V. Nassau El. R. R., 1152o, 1165c
V. Stalcup, 363o, 364, 365, 366
V. Tanner, 1012
V. Western U. T. Co., 93 Misc.
500; 881a
V. Western U. T. Co., 87 Wis. 173;
888
Dunford v. Weaver, 554
Dungan v. Von Puhl, 909o
TABLE OF CASES
2849
[Eeferences
Dunham v. Bower, 1072
V. Commercial Ins. Co., 715
V. Hastings Pavement Co., 612a,
633, 636c
V, Miller, 364
V. New England M. I. Co., 591
V. Orange L. Co., 615
Dunkin v. Hoquiam, 1354
Dunlap V. Clark, 638c, 639o
V. Hand, 674
V. International Steamboat Co.,
873
V. Snyder, 1291
V. Toledo, A. A. & G. T. Ry., 1159
V. Wagner, 1255
V. Watson, 303
V. Wiseman, 346
V. Yoakum, 908, 909
Dunlavey v. Watson, 1249
Dunlevie v. Spangenberg, 734
Dunlevy v. Wolferman, 1336
Dunlop V. Gregory, 418
Dunn V. Allen, 608, 615, 636a
V. Barnes, 271
V. Bushnell, 768
V. Daly, 211
V. Hannibal & S. J. R. R., 844, 854
V. Hereford, 665
V. Johnson, 227
V. Mackey, 611, 829
V. Moore, 673/
V. Morgenthau, 411
V. Patrick, 913
V. Smith, 45
V. Sutliff, 688
V. W. U. Tel. Co., 4SJ
Dunnahoe v. Williams, 537
Dunnica v. Sharp, 1006, 1012a
Dunning v. Young, 685A;
Dunphy v. People, 549
V. Whipple, 556, 692i
Dunseth v. Bank of the U. S., 922
Dunshee v, Geoghegan, lOU, 1012
V. Standard Oil Co., 301, 333, 373a
Dunsworth V. Wood M. Co., 277
Dunton v. Brown, 673a
Duplaptier v. Pjgman, 301
Dupont V. McAdow, 638, 638a
Dupuis V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 252,
1138, 1171
179
are to sections]
Dupuis V. Saginaw Valley Tr»e. Co.,
1354
Dupuy V. Ducondu, 962
Duran v. Ayer, 326, 789
Durand v. Ansofiia, 1108
Durant v. Banta, 695
Durant Mining Co. v. Percy Consol-
idated Mining Co., 935
Durell V. Pritchard, 12566
Durfee v. Newkirk, 358
V. Union Pac. Ry., 1342
Durgan v. Boston, 1162
Durgin v. Exp. Co., 851
V. Neal, 36o
Durham Consolidated Land & Imp.
Co. V. Guthrie, 1012a
Durham R. R. v. Bullock Church,
1165a, 11716
Durkee v. Gunn, 834a
V. Mott, 608, 610, 614
Duroe v. Stephens, 968, 979
Durose V. St. Paul City Ry., 1347
Durst V. Burton, 738
V. Swift, 405, 417
Durward v. Hubbell, 829
Duryea v. Mayor, 93, 96, 317
V. Rayner, 753
Duryee v. New York, 316, 319
Dusenbury v. Ellis, 836
Dusb V. Fitzhugh, 385
Dushane «, B^wdict, 766, 1040, 1058
Duskey v. Green Lake SJjipgle Co.,
1357
Dustan v. Carter, 301c
V. McAndrew, 753
Dustin V. Newcomer, 959, 1007
Dustin Co. V. St. Petersburg Ins. Co.,
742
Dutch Church v. Ackerman, 301c
Dutilh V. Gatliff, 711
Dutro V. Wilson, 74
Dutiton V. Solomonson, 756
Duval V. Dav^, 451
Duvall V. Craig, 966, 969
V. Ferwerda, 742a
V. Fuhrman, 637a, 640a
V. Price, 675c
Duzan v. Meserve, 324o
Dwelle V. Wilson, 686j
Dwiggins v. Clark, 753
2850
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Dwight V. Elmira C. & N. R. R., 933
Dwight Bros. Paper Co. v. Western
Paper Co., 1334
Dwinel v. Brown, 416
Dwyer v. Carroll, 988a
V. Chicago, S. P. M. & O. Ry., 673o
V. Tulane Educational Fund, 134
V. United States, 314, 677
V. Woulfe, 547
Dyar v. Slingerland, 345
Dyas V. Southern Pac. Co., 577, 578
Dye V. Chicago & A. R. R., 860
V. Denham, 387
V. Dye, 688
V. Forbes, 622a
V. Mann, 789
Dyer v. Dorsey, 410, 1008
V. Hutchins, 36a
V. Jones, 661
V. National S. N. Co., 118 U. S.
507; 597a
V. National S. N. Co., 14 Blatch.
483; 596
V. The National Steamship Co.,
596
V. Rich, 746
V. St. Paul, 1110
V. Wightman, 1154o, 1157
V. Woodbury, 544
Dyett V. Hyman, 55, 684a
Dyke v. National Transit Co., 363,
383c, 503, 935
Dyson v. Phelps, 4926
E
E. E. BoUes W. W. Co. v. U, S., 933,
934
E. E. Thomas Fruit Co. v. Start, 674
E. F. Hallock Lumber & Mfg. Co. v.
Gray, 4926
E. H. Frost & Co. v. Powell, 1070
E. G. Beechwood Ice Co. v. American
Ice Co., 936
Eachus V. Los Angeles Consolidated
Electric R. R., 1123, 1151
Eads V. Murphy, 1031
Eager v. Atlas Ins. Co., 715
V. Grimwood, 471
Eagle V. Charing Cross Ry., 1103, 1096
Eagle & P. M. Co. v. Gibson, 101
Eagle Distillery v. Hardy, 1347
Eagle Insurance Co. v. Lafayette In-
surance Co., 728
Eagle Iron Works v. Des Moines S. R.
Co., 762
Eagle Point, The, 588, 597o
Eagle Tube Co. v. Edward Barr Co.,
618
Eaken v. Harrison, 673
Eakin v. Scott, 405, 408, 414
Eames v. Armstrong, 979
V. Brattleboro, 866, 172a, 574
i;. New England Worsted Co.,
1166d
V. Worsted Co., 1119
Earl V. Bull, 1072
V. Spooner, 681
V. Tupper, 234, 372
Earle v. Earle, 335
V. Gorham Mfg. Co., 538
V. Holdemess, 54, 4946
V. Sawyer, 1217
Earley v. Winn, 451
Early v. Friend, 304, 307, 908, 909a
Earnest v. Express Co., 851
Earp V. Lilly, 377a
East V. Pace, 59
East & West India D. & B. J. Ry. v.
Gattke, 2
East AngUan Ry. v. Lythgoe, 668
East Brandywine & W. R. R. v. Ranck,
1142
East Hartford v. Hartford Bridge Co.,
1187
East India Co. v. Evans, 1288
East India, etc., Co. v. Gattke, 1090
East Jersey Co. v. Slingerland, 1345
East Jersey W. Co. v. Bigelow, 182, 949
East Line & R. R. Ry. v. Smith, 1367
East Moline Co. v. Weir Plow Co., 107a,
109, 413
East Penn. R. R. v. Heister, 1167, 1179
V. Hottenstine, 1142
East S. L. C. & W. Ry. v. Illinois S. Co.,
252, 253
East St. Louis v. Lockhead, 1121
V. Wiggins Ferry Co., 1121
East St. Louis E. S. R, R. v. Burns,
573o
TABLE Oi^ CASES
[References are to sections]
2851
East Tennessee Land Co. i;. Leeson, 334
East Tenn. V. & G. Ry. v. Fleetwood,
380
V. Hale, 854
V. Herrman, 852
V. Johnson, 316, 846, 854
V. Lee, 368
V. Lockhart, 1216
V. Staub, 90, 666a, 170
V. Toppins, 573
East Tennessee & V. R. R. v. Love,
1148
East Texas F. Ins. Co. v. Brown, 302
Easter v. Foster, 691a
Easterbrook v. Erie R. R., 947
Easterly Mach. Co. v. Spencer, 990a
Eastern Ice Co. v. King, 762
Eastern R. R. v. Benedict, 497, 736
V. Tuteur, 618
Eastern Texas R. R. v. Eddings, 1143,
1171c
Easterwood v. Quin, 448d
Eastland v. Caldwell, 451
Eastman v. Harris, 499
V. Mayor, 251
V. Mayor of New York, 1328
V. Sanborn, 226o, 228
Easton v. Cressey, 1012a
V. Erie R. R., 854
V. Houston, etc., R. R., 312
V. New York, etc., Ry., 685
V. P. & O. Canal Co., 412
V. Vandom, 334
Eastwick v. Saylor, 911
Eatman v. New Orleans P. Ry., 234,
359
Eaton V. Bell, 344
V. Boissonnault, 325
V. Boston, Concord & Montreal
Railroad, 1110, 1117
V. Gladwell, 556, 657
V. Kelly, 692i
V. Knowles, 959
V. Lambert, 801
V. Langley, 534
V. Larimer & W. R. Co., 685
V. Lyman, 24 Wis. 438; 979
V. Lyman, 26 Wis. 61; 961
V. Lyman, 30 Wis. 41; 98, 973
V. Melius, 303, 704, 1297
Eaton V. Redick, 1012a
V. Tallmadge, 979
Eaves v. Blaenclydach Colliery Co.,
675a
Ebenreitter v. Dahlman, 18 Misc. 351;
248a, 497
V. Dahlman, 19 Misc. 9; 182, 189
Eberg v. Heisler, 1006
Eberhart v. Chicago, M. & S. P, R. R.,
1125a, 1149
Ebert v. Mutual R. F. L. Assoc, 730
Eby V. Schumacher, 565
Eccles V. Radam, 446
V. Stephenson, 814, 831
Echols V. Louisville & N. R. R., 246
Eckels V. Boylan, 1354
11. Edison, 1356
Eckenrode v. Chemic?! Co., 613
Ecker v. Cottrell, 624
Eckerd v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 171
Eckert v. Wilson, 295
Eckington & S. H. Ry. v. McDevitt, 18
D. C. App. Cas. 497; 620
V. McDevitt, 191 U. S. 103; 630
Eckles V. Carter, 1071
Eckstein v. Whitehead, 837
Economy L. & P. Co. v. Cutting, 937
Eddings v. Seabrook, 1169
Eddington v. Nix, 968, 979
Eddowes v. Hopkins, 1276
Eddy V. Clement, 646a, 1061
V. Coffin, 988a
V. Fay Fruit Co., 742a
V. Harris, 862
V. Lafayette, 845
Eddystone, The, 599
Eden v. Lexington R. R., 573, 573a
Edenton v. Dickinson, 334
Edgar v. Castello, 575
V. Joseph Breck & Sons Co., 768
V. Newall, 451
Edge V. Griffin, 641a
Edgerton v. Clark, 906
V. Page, 1058
Edington v. Pickle, 650
Edmands v. Boston, 1157
Edminson v. Baxter, 844
Edmison v. Sioux Falls Water Co., 685c
Edmonds v. Edmonds, 692
V. Shehan, 807a
2852
TABLE OF CASES
[ReferenceB are to sections]
Edmondson v. Hyde, 271
V. Machell, 472, 474
Edmundson v. Nuttall, 60, 80
Edsall V. Howell, 933
Edward v. Clark, 970, 976, 978
Edwards v. Bates County, 346
V. Beebe, 178
V. Bodine, 685^, 685re
ti. Cheyenne, 253
V. Collson, 762
V. Dickinson, 262
V. Edwards, 685, 685o
V. Erwin, 101
V. Hood-Barrs, 36a
V. Kansas City Times Co., 451
V. Leavitt, 386
V. Moody, 334
V. Pope, 685^
V. Reynolds, 1278
V. Ricks, 362
V. San Jose Printing, etc., Co., 451
». Seattle R. & S. Ry., 1360
V. Todd, 1068
V. Van Patten, 997
V. Weissinger, 489
V. White, 692y
V. Wiester, 1258
V. WilUams, 399, 413, 426
Eells V. St. Louis, K. & N. W. R. R., 851
Effinger v. Kenney, 278
Efroymson v. Smith, 1336
Efta V. Swason, 978
Egan V. British M. I. Co., 714
V. Browne, 9906
V. Dry Dock, E. B. & B. R. R.,
1347
V. Martin, 976
V. Yeaman, 972
Eggert V. Pratt, 1011
Eggett V. Allen, 1337
Eginoire v. Union County, 580
Ehmer v. Title Guarantee & T. Co.,
831a
Ehreb v. Schuylkill R. E. S. R. R., 1164
Ehrgott V. Mayor, 122, 1270o
Ehrman v. Brooklyn City R. R., 1356
V. Stanfield, 685
Eichar v. Kistler, 476
Eichbaum v. Caldwell Bros. Co., 735c
Eichhorn v. Central R. R., 1356
Eicholz «. Bannister, 774
V. Niagara Falls H. P. & M. Co.,
1354
Eilerman v. Farmer, 1348
Einolf V. Thomson, 1326
Einstein v. Dunn, 497(i
Eisele v. Oddie, 218
Eisendrath v. Knauer, 80
Eisenhart v. Ordean, 387
Eisenlohr v. Swain, 138
Eiswald v. Southern Express Co., 109
Ekins V. East India Co., 275, 317
Ekstrand v. Barth, 643
Ela V. Card, 959
V. French, 623, 817
Elba V. BuUard, 226/, 485a, 476
Elbert County v. Swift, 1123a
Elbin V. Wilson, 365
Elbinger Actien-Gesellschaft v. Arm-
strong, 161, 740
Elder v. Kutner, 682, 682o, 683
V. Lykens V. C. Co., 932
V. Sabin, 685^
V. True, 962
Eldon V. North-Eastern Ry., 1081
Eldorado M. & S. W. Ry. v. Everett,
1138
Eldred v. Eames, 304
Eldridge v. Crow, 793a
V. Gorman, 107a, 933, 934
V. Mather, 1046
V. Rowe, 656
V. Wadleigh, 774
Electric Co. v. Battery Co., 109
Electric S. & C. Co. v. Consolidated
L. & R. Co., 614
Elfenbeim v. Abbondanza, 623
V. Von HafMi,
Elgin V. Joslyn, 655
Elgin W. P. & P. Co. V. Nichols, 1243
Elias V. Manhattan R. R., 1208
Eliot V. Allen, 1276
EUza Lines, The, 324
Elizabeth, The, 675
Elizabeth v. Nicholson Pavement Co.,
1237
V. Pavement Co., 1230, 1231, 1243
Elizabethtown & P. R. R. v. Geoghegan
412
V. Helm's Heirs, 1138d
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2853
EKzabethtown & P. R. R. v. Pottinger,
613, 615, 1290, 1293
Elizabethtown, L. & B. S. R. R. v.
Catlettsburg, Water Co., 1123
V. Combs, 95
Elizabethtown, L. & S. R. R. v.
Combs, 1165
V. Tierney, 1138d
Elkhart v. Ritter, 484, 485a
Elkhart & W. R. R. v. Waldorf, 95
Elkhart M. A. Assoc, v. Houghton, 732
Elkhart Rubber Works v, Neff, 667
Elkin V. Moore, 307
V. People, 692d
Ell V. Northern Pac. R. R., 316, 319
EUer V. Carolina & N. W. Ry., 45a, 84
EUery v. Cunningham, 305
EUesmere Brewery Co. v. Cooper, 807a
EUet V. Paxon, 1009, 1023
Ellick «>. Wilson, 43h
EUiff V. Oregon R. & N. Co., 121&
Ellington v. Bennett, 253, 942
Elliot V. Heath, 1066
Elliott V. Bankston, 987
V. Barry, 1252
V. Beeson, 345
V. Caldwell, 659
V. Pitchburg R. R., 940
V. Herz, 363
V. Hughes, 745
V. Missouri, K. & T. Ry., 685j
V. Newport St. Ry., 1356
V. Rossell, 844
V. Russell, 487
V. Van Buren, 1216, 372, 386
V. Walker, 834
V. Wilkinson, 660, 662
Ellis V. Albany City Ins. Co., 726
V. Allen, 565, 692i
V. American T. Co., 876
V. Barlow, 439a
V. Bible, 325
V. Brockton Pub. Co., 358
V. Chinnock, 772
V. Cleveland, 43^
V. Durkee, 1266
V. Fips, 767
V. Gosney, 774
V. Hamlen, 659
V. Hilton, 226a
Ellis V. Howard, 567
V. Jeans, 911
V. Kansas City, S. J. & C. B. R. R.,
948
V. Pond, 834
V. Salmon, 1011, 1256e
V. State, 1275
V. Welch, 1154a
V. Willard, 636
V. Wire, 502, 516a, 936
Ellison V. Dove, 606a, 626
V. Johnson, 762
V. Simons, 762
EUithorpe A. B. Co. v. Sire, 607, 753
EUmaker v. Franklin F. I. Co-, 720
EUsler v. Brooks, 106, 670
Ellsworth V. Chicago & 1. W. Ry., 1154
V. Potter, 373
i;. Railway, 1148
t). Fau-bury, 1371
Ellsworth, M. N. & S. R. R. v. Gates,
1156
V. Maxwell, 1148
EUyson v. Lord, 692y
V. International & G. N. R. R., 113
Elmendorf v. Classen, 619
Elmer v. Fessenden, 67
Elmira Iron & Steel Rolling Mill Co. v.
Elmira, 325
Ehnore v. Booth, 1039
V. Naugatuck R. R., 846
V. Rugely, 406
Elms V. Southern Power Co., 385
V. Wright-Blodgett Co., 68574, 685^
El Paso & N. E. Ry. u. Lumbley, 846
V. Sawyer, 860
El Paso & S. W. R. R. v. Eichel &
Weikel, 611
e. Muftle, 1367
EI Paso El. Ry. v. Furber, 45fe
V. Murphy, 4S5(i
V. Shaklee, 1355
V. Sierra, 1257, 1365
El Paso S. W. R. R. v. Barrett, 1270
Elphland v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 67
Else V. Ferris, 449
Elser V. Southern Pac. Co., 222, 865,
1342
Elshire v. Schuyler, 573, 1251
Elswick Steamship Co. v. Montaldi, 851
2854
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Elwell V. Skiddy, 66, 1041, 1068
Elwood V. Addison, 575
V. Deifendorf, 797
V. Western Union Telegraph Co.,
878
Elwood Planing Mills Co. v. Harting,
620, 646o, 762
Ely V. Parsons, 109
V. Rochester, 1182
V. Stannard, 440
Elzy V. Adams Express Co., 165
Emblen v. Myers, 360, 368
Emblin v. Dartnell, 1277
Embrey v. Owen, 100
Emeric v. Tams, 334
Emerson v. Atwater, 311
V. Booth, 689a
V. Howland, 667
V. Miller, 449, 1335
V. Pacific C. & N. P. Co., 92 Minn.
523; 834c
V. Pacific C. & N. P. Co., 96 Minn.
1; 162, 200, 633
V. Prov. H. M. Co., 798
V. Schoonmaker, 316, 320
V. Simm, 1211, 1219
V. Skidmore, 324a, 370
V. Western Union R. R., 1177
Emery v. Boston & M. R, R., 1216, 483
V. Boyle, 416
V. LoweU, 42, 226/, 948
V. Phila., 581
V. Smith, 651, 6735
Emigh V. Baltimore, & Ohio Railroad,
1225
Emilie, The, 595
Emily, The, v. Carney, 844
Emily Souder, The, 271
Emlen v. Lehigh Coal, etc., Co., 3406
Emma Kate Ross, The, 593
Emmerich v. Chegany, 620
Emmerson v. Dardanelle Bank, 439e
Emmitt v. Brophy, 334
Emmons v. Alvord, 4706
V. Quaid, 226;
Emory v. Addis, 1248
Emory Mfg. Co. v. Salomon, 741
Empie v. Empie, 90, 636i
Empire Dairy Feed Co. v. Chatham
Nat. Bank, 1032
Empire G. M. Co. v. Bonanza G. M.
Co., imd
V. Jones, 974
Empire Mill Co. v. Lovell, 60
Empire Realty Corp. v. Sayre, 1006
Empire S. C. Co. v. Atchison, T. & S.
F. Ry., 119
Emporia Lumber Co. v. League, 934
Empress Eugenie, The, 594
Empson v. Griffin, 1278
Emrich V. Ireland, 901, 910
Endel v. Norris, 494
Enders v. Board of PubUc Works, 313a,
747
Enfield V. Colbum, 442
Engel V. Fitch, L. R. 3 Q. B. 314, 334;
1003, 1007
V. Fitch, 10 B. & S. 738, 743; 1018
Engell V. Fitch, 1295
Engelman v. Metropolitan St. R. R.,
226/
Engelsdorft v. Sire, 984, 984a
Engine Co. v. Du Bois, 182
Engineering Co. v. Broadman, 752a
England v. Slade, 901
Engle V. Jones, 363, 363a, 364, 365
V. Simmons, 43i
Engleken v. Hilger, 1252
V. Webber, 1251
Englert v. New Orleans R. & L. Co.,
1371
English V. Clerry, 1369
V. Delaware & H. C. Co., 865
V. Harvey, 301c
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 124
V. Southern Pac. Co., 574a
V. Spokane Com. Co., 762
V. Thomason, 973
V. Wilson, 656
Engstrom v. Merriam, 984
Engvall V. Des Moines City Ry., 1367
Enid & A. Ry. v. Wiley, 932
Enlow V. Hawkins, 143
Ennis v. Buckeye Pub. Co., 90, 613, 615
V. Pulhnan P. C. Co., 650
V. Shiley, 1251
Eno V. Christ, 932
Enoch V. Mining & P. Co., 1258
V. Spokane Falls, etc., R. R., 1143o,
1154a
TABLE OF CASES
2855
' [References
Enos V. Enos, 445, 446
Enos Kre Escape Co. «. Lanagan, 1351
Ensley v. Ensley, 301c
V. Nashville, 933
Enterprise Loan Bldg. Society v. Balin,
303
Enterprise Lumber Co. v. Porter, 1122
Enterprise Mfg. Co. v. Campbell, 742
Entzminger v. Seaboard A. L. Ry., 1326
Epenbaugh v. Gooch, 6856
Ephland v. Mo. Pao. R. R., 860
Epperly v. Bailey, 656, 1048
V. Little, 1258
Eppinger v. Canepa, 3116
Epstein v. U. S. Fidelity Co., 682a
Equitable B. & L. Assoc, v. Bank of
Commerce, 120
Equitable F. Ins. Co. v. Quinn, 722
Equitable G. L. Co. v. Baltimore, C. T.
& M. Co., 742a
Equitable Life Assur. Soc. v. Lester,
123
Equitable Mort. Co. v. Thorn, 168, 622
Erb V. Fidelity Ins. Co., 726
Erben v. LorUlard, 671
Erber v. Dun, 448a
Erd V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 1296
Ericius v. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 1367
Erickson v. Bennet, 1017
V. Brooklyn Heights Ry., 1356
V. Green, 419
Erie & P. R. Ry. v. Douthet, 250
V. Johnson, 636A
Erie C. I. W. v. Barber, 121d, 178, 646,
767
v. Tatum, 762, 773
Erie Co. N. G. & F. Co., Ld., v. Carroll,
226^1
Erie R. R. V. Erie & W. T. Co., 588
Erie Ry. v. Lockwood, 317, 846
Erie T. & T. Co. v. Grimes, 880
V. Kennedy, 383a
Ernest v. StoUer, 816
Ernst V. Hogue, 691c
Eroe, The, 67
Erskine v. Johnson, 655
V. Van Arsdale, 303, 340
Erwin v. Bowman, 565
V. Harris, 734
V. Neversink S. B. Co., 1367
are to sections]
Erwin v. St. L. I. M. & S. Ry., 5716
Esch V. Chicago, M. «&; St. P. R. R.,
1171
Eschbach v. Hughes, 155, 992
Escher v. Carroll County, 482a
Escondido G. & D. Co. v. Glaser, 416,
999/
Escopinche v. Stewart, 841
Escott V. White, 567, 660
Eshleman v. Bolenius, 808a
V. Martic, 932, 947
Esmond v. Brown, 301c
V. Van Benschoten, 416
Espy V. Jones, 639, 641
Esseltyne v. Elmore, 857
Essex V. Daniell, 1026
V. Local Board of Acton, 1091, 1102
Essex's Estate, In re, 3116
Essex M. Co. v. Pacific Mills, 734
Estabrook v. Smith, 67, 979
Estebene v. Estebene, 339a
Estell V. Myers, 54 Misc. 174; 439
I). Myers, 56 Misc. 800; 777, 1053
Estep V. Fenton, 656
V. Morton, 1046
Esterly v. Cole, 310
Estes V. Chesney, 565, 565a
V. Desnoyers Shoe Co., 667
V. Odom, 1028
Estill V. New York, L. E. & W. R. R.,
852
Esty V. Baker, 91
Etches V. Aldan, 714
Eten V. Luyster, 71, 1216, 218, 9906
Etheridge v. Binney, 302o
Etherington v. Prospect P. & C. I.
R. R., 574a
Etnyre v. McDaniel, 326
Etringham v. Earhart, 490
EttUnger v. WeiU, 1027
Eufaula v. Simmons, 95, 948
Eupes V. Nephue, 387
Eureka Fertilizer Co. v. Baltimore C.
S. &. R. Co., 1042
Eureka Marble Co. v. Windsor Mfg.
Co., 226
Europe, The, 597
Eva V. McMahon, 426a
Evans v. Bennett, 668
V. Brander, 555, 678
2856
TABLE OF CASES
IReferences are to sections]
■Evans v. Chapel, 324a
V. Chicago & R. I. R. R., 613
V. CiBcinnati, S. & M. Ry., 194
V. Elliott, 633
. V. Fisher, 334
' p.'FbrSter, 857 ■' '
V. Fulton, 965, 966, 973
V. Harrtis, 1271
V. Hugh^J^- 1042
V. lowa^City, 1353
V. Irvin, 12'r2
I). Keystoiie Gas Co., 933
V. Ky^dr, 256, 999?
V. Min. Co., 316
V. Moseley, 413, 414
V. Murphy, 182, 990
V. Oregon Short Line R. R., 574o
V. Rice, 326
V. Root, 824
V. Rudy, 850
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., ISO
V. Smith, 448d
V. Trenton, 673e
V. Western Brass Mfg. Co., 310
V. Western U. T. Co., 881, 883
V. White, 334
Evansich v. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry., 486c
Evansville & J. H. R. R. v. McKinney,
851
. Evansville & R. R. R. v. Charlton, 1154
Evansville & T. H. R. R. v. Talbot,
1337
V. Welch, 117
Evansville El. Ry. ». Lerch, 1347
Evansville H. & S. Co. v. Bailey, 482,
4^4, 485
Evansville R. R. v. Cochran, 1167
V. Fitzpatrick, 1167
V. Stringef, 1167
V. Swift, 1149
Evarts v. Santa Barbara C. R. Co., 578
Eve V. Rodgers, 637
Eveleigh V. Stitt, 959
Evelyn v. Raddish, 994
Evening News Association v. Tryon,
453
Evening Post Co. v. Hunter, 448c
V. Rhea, 448c, 1335
Everest v. Buffalo L. O. Co., 1233
Everett v. Gores, 89 Wis. 421; 333, 934a
Everett v. Gores, 92 Wis. 627; 934o
V. O'Leary, 817
V. State, 688a
tr. Union P. R. R., 253
Everroad v. Qabbert, 36o
Evers v. Weil, 1347
V. Wig^ns Ferry Co., 1348
Everson v. Powers, 666, 667
V. Seller, 499
Evertson v. Sutton, 1343
Evetts V. Tendick, 909a
Eviston V. Cramer, 378, 380
Evrit V. Bancroft, 1023
Ewalt V. Gray, 914
Ewalis V. Wilmington C. Ry., 483, 484,
485
Ewart V. Kerr, 493a
Ewart Mfg. Co. v. Baldwin C. C. Co.,
1222
Ewell V. Daggs, 327
Ewen V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 575, 580
Ewing V. Blount, 58, 515
V. Handley, 909a
V. Ingrato, 673/
n. Janson, 664, 674
V. Louisville, 66
V. Pittsburgh, C. & S. L. Ry., 43o,
43d, 43fe
V. Reilly, 692/, 795, 801
Excelsior F. I. Co. v. Royal Ins. Co.,
725
Excelsior Needle Co. v. Smith, 106
Excelsior Terra Cotta Co. v. Harde,
3146
Exchange Bank v. Appalachian Land &
Lumber Co., 695c
V. Gaitskill, '777
Explorer, The, 599
Eyennan v> Provenchere, 332
F. E. Wilcox V. James Campbell, 220
F. M. Davis I. W. Co. v. White, 1331
Fabbri v. Kalbfleisch, 273
Fabbricotti v. Launitz, 1048
Factors' Ins. Co. v. New Harbor Pro-
tection Co., 334
Fadner v. Filer, 1337
Fogan V. Hook, 6556
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2857
Fagan v. Whitcomb, 999fe
Fagen v. Davison, 1017
Fagnan v. Knox, 457, 458, 459
Fahey v. Frawley, 800
Fahlbusch v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
1371
Fahy v. North, 655c
Fail V. MoRee, 636j
V. Presley, 317, 435a
V. W. U. Tel. Co., 45a, 894
Faile v. Crawford, 301&
Fair v. Himmel, 1345
V. London & N. W. Ry., 485
Fairbank Co. v. Bahre, 924
Fairbanks v. Rtchburg, 1171
V. Kerr, 128
V. Witter, 234, 360
Fairbanks, Morse & Co. v. Midvale
Co., 750
Fairchild v. California S. Co., 41, 47
V. Rich, 36a
V. Rogers, 834a
Fairchild-Gilmore- Wilton Co. v. South-
em Refining Co., 734
Faires v. Cockerell, 807
Fairfax v. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
251, 873
Fairfield v. Baldwin, 549
V. Jeffreys, 613
Fairley v. Western U. T. Co., 892
Fairlie v. Lawson, 678
Fairman v. Fluck, 1057
Faivre v. Mandersohied, 1251, 1309
Fake v. Eddy, 339
Falardeau v. Couture, 359
Falconer v. Roberts, 906
Falender v. Blackwell, 1367
Fales V. Easthampton, 1171
V. Hemenway, 633a, 636g, 636i ,
V. McKoen, 762
, Falk V Fletcher, 497
V. Waterman, 233, 234
Falkner.ti. Hendy, 310a
V. Woodard, 973
Fall V. McMurdy, 1028
Fall River Nat. Bank v. BuflBnton,
708
Fall River Print Works v. Fall River,
1112a
Falldin v. Seattle, 1360
Fallenstein v. Boothe, 1326
Fallon V. Manning, 77, 6916
Falvey v. Standford, 1368
Fancher v. Goodman, 755
Faneuil Hall Ins. Co. v. Liverpool
Ins. Co., 728
Fanjoy v. Portland, 1336
Fanning v. Osborne, 1194
Farbenfabriken of Elberfield Co, v.
Beringer, 43fc, 443
Farber v. National Forge & Iron Co.,
695
Fargo V. Browning 1154c
Fargo Gas & Coke Co. v. Fargo Gas
& Electric Co., 777, 1027
Faris V. Lewis, 125, 441, 769
Farish v. Reigle, 1326
Farkas v. Towns, 64
Farley v. Charleston, 171o
V. Craig, 999d
V. Gate City G. L. Co., 93, 947
V. Union M. L. I. Co., 730
Farman v. Lauman, 386
Farmer v. Cedar Rapids, 1112a
V. Parmer, 341
V. Francis, 655e, 656
V. Grand Trunk Ry., 67a
V. Randel, 1030
Farmers' & C. B. L. & S. Assoc, v. Rec-
tor, 1023
Farmers' & M. Bank v. Maines, 549
Farmers' & M. I. Co. v. Cuff, 723o
Farmers' Bank v. Calk, 344
V. Glenn, 977, 979
V. McKee, 506, 506o
V. Reynolds, 340
Farmers' C. M. Co. v. Albermarle R.
R., 122, 948
Farmers' L. & T. Co. v. Northern
Pac. R. R., 326
V. Toledo A. A. & N. M. Ry.,
571a
Farmers' Mut. Ins. Co. v. New Hol-
land Turnpike Co., 724
Farmers' Turnpike v. Coventry, 543
Famham v. Moor, 6916
V. Ross, 419
Famsworth v. Boardman, 789
V. Garrard, 664a, 1036
V. Rockland, 11666
2858
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Famsworth v. Western U. T- Co., 53
Hun 636; 70, 366, 385
V. Western U. T. Co., 6 N. Y.
Supp. 735; 926
Farnum v. Peterson, 968, 979
Farr v. Griffith, 620, 999
V. Newman, 557
V. Rasco, 451
V. Ward, 289
Farrand v. Bouchell, 310
Farrand & V. O. Co. v. Board of
Church Extension, 537
Farrant v. Olmius, 395
Farrar v. Brackett, 468
V. Christy, 677
V. Eash, 537
V. Midland Electric R. R., 1152
V. Nightingal, 975
V. United States, 6926
Farrar Lumber Co. v. T. H. Johnston
& Co., 1039
Farrel v. Colwell, 252, 433
Farrell v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R., 1367
V. School Dist., 667
Farrell Lumber Co. v. Deshon, 968
Farrely v. Cincinnati, 35
Farrer v. Caster, 742
Farrington v. Cheponis, 1270
V. Payne, 856
Farris v. Ware, 1027a
Farson v. Gilbert, 691a
Farwell v. Bean, 962
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R., 1171
V. City of Cambridge, 1129, 1149
V. Davis, 850
V. Price, 825
V. Sturdivant, 345
V. Warren, 51 111. 467; 929a
V. Warren, 70 111. 28; 363, 383c,
388
Fasholt V. Reed, 3016
Easier v. Beard, 416, 972
Fatjo V. Seidel, 1335
Faucette v. New Orleans, 302a
Faulkenau v. Rowland, 1367
Faulkner v. Bartley, 554a
V. Closter, 109, 734
V. Davis, 484, 1345
i>. South P. R. R., 854
V. State, 692i
Faulkner v. White, 695
Faunce v. Burke, 419
Fauntleroy v. Hannibal, 346
Faurot v. Gates, 8076
Faust V. Pope, 932
Favar v. Riverview Park, 189
Favor v. Philbrick, 856a
Favorita, The, 18 Wall. 598; 593
Favorita, The, 4 Ben. 132; 592
Favorite v. Cottrill, 361
Favorite, The, 598
Faw V. Marsteller, 268
Fawcett v. Purcell, 304
V. Woods, 959, 979
Fay V. Allen, 1238
V. AlUance Ins. Co., 714
«>. Bradley, 339a
V. Brewer, 72
V. Guynon, 90, 636^, 636i
V. Haven, 106
V. Parker, 353, 356, 358, 386
V. Swan, 47, 372
Fayetteville & L. R. R. v. Combs,
1155, 1165c
V. Hunt, 1154
Feagin v. Beaseley, 762, 772
Feamster v. Withrow, 801
Fears v. MerrUl, 912
Feaster v. Richland Cotton MiUs, 614,
642
Featherston v. Wilkinson, 843
Feaver v. Montreal Tel. Co., 878
Feddeck v. St. Louis Car Co., 1353
Feder v. Gass, 736
Federal I. & B. Bed Co. v. Hock, 633
Federal Lumber Co. v. Reece, 6226
Fee V. Orient Fertilizing Co., 669
Feehan v. Hallman, 734
Feeney v. Bardsley, 657, 659
V. Long Island R. R. Co., 171a,
172, 483
Feeter v. Heath, 308a, 834
Fehlinger v. Boos, 411
Feige v. Burt, 257
Feize v. Thompson, 98
Feland v. Berry, 161
Feldman v. Levy, 1326
Felkner v. Scarlet, 473
Fell V. McHenry, 80
V. MuUer, 734
TABLE OF CASES
2859
[References
Fell f . Newberry, 614
V. Northern Pae. R. R., 380, 484,
866
V. Rich, H. C. M. Co., 47
V. Union Pac. Ry., 317
Feller v. McKillip, 317
Fellowes v. New Haven, 1108
V. Gihnan, 692
Fellrath ti. Peoria German School
Assn., 36a
Fells V. Vestvali, 664
Felsch V. Babb, 1354
Felt V. Puget S. E. Ry., 577, 1367
Felton V. Fuller, 58, 316, 432o, 565a
V. Smith, 704
Felts V. ColUns, 83a
Fenelon v. Butts, 462, 464, 466
Fenley v. Kendall, 325
Fenn v. Dugdale, 705
Fenster v. Bass, 407
FeUstermaker v. Tribune Pub. Co.,
451
Fenton v. Braden, 762a
Fentz V. Meadows, 1254
Fenwick v. RatcUff, 3406
V. Robinson, 715
Ferguson v. Baker, 691c
V. Buchell, 55 "
V. Buckell, 933
V. Davis Co., 47
V. Day, 531a
V. Ehret, 1363
V. Evening Chronicle Pub. Co.,
361
V. Firmenich Mfg. Co., 948
V. Hosier, 762
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 865
V. Tobey, 1293
V. Truax, 1354
V. Wilson, 1256b
Fergusson v. Anglo-Amer. T. Co.,
154, 890
Femander v. Dunn, 301b, 959, 981, 982
Fern wood M. H. A. v. Jones, 432a,
990a
Fero V. Ruscoe, 447
Ferrand v. Boushel, 603
Ferrea v. Chabot, 312
V. Tubbs, 336
Ferrer v. Beale, 29
are to sections]
Ferrerro v. Western U. T. Co., 885
Ferrier v. Shoenberg Mercantile Co.,
486b
Ferringer v. Crowley, O. & M. Co.,
1353
Ferris v. Comstock, 191, 768
V. Hard, 324a, 325
V. Spooner, 636(i
V. U. S., 615
Ferry v. Diabenstadt, 976
V. Ferry, 343
Fessenden v. Forest Paper Co., 1041
Fessler v. Love, 695, 734, 1031
Fessman v. Seeley, 405, 414
Fetter v. Beale, 84
Fettretch v. Leamy, 924
Fewings v. Tisdal, 668
Fewings, Ex parte, 330, 334
Fiala v. Ainsworth, 694
Fidelity & C. Co. v. Seattle,, 932
Fidelity & Casualty Co. v. South-
ern Ry. News Co., 226
Fidelity & D. Co. v. Colvin, 679a
V. Tinsley, 685i
V. Walker, 685;i
Fidelity L. & I. Co. v. Buzzard, 575
Fidelity Tr. Co. v. Shelbyville W. &
L. Co., 95
Fidler v. McKinley, 637, 640a
Fiedler v. St. Louis, B. & M. Ry., 101
Field V. Columbet, 910
V. Insurance Co. of N. A., 301
V. Kinnear, 738
V. Plaisted, 1326
V. Winheim, 1355
Fielder, v. Starkin, 760
Fielding v. Silverstein, 691a
Fields V. Baum, 302a
V. Buinum, 377
V. Johnston, 95
V. Lancaster Cotton Mills, 361
V. Williams, 55, 317, 494, 565a
Fifield V. Whittemore, 1237
Fifth B. B. Assoc, v. Sylvester, 1023
Fifth Baptist Church v. Baltimore
& O. R. R., 334
Fifth Nat. Bank v. New York El. R. R.,
1199, 1210
V. Providence Warehouse Co., 79,
492
2860
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Figh V. United States, 642
Filbert v. Philadelphia, 657
File V. Wilmington City Ry., 482, 483,
484, 485
Filer v. New York C. R. R., 86c, 485
V. Smith, 464
Fillebrown v. Hoar, 44o, 126&, 226j,
988a
Fillingham v. Michigan United Rys.,
1309
Final v. Backus, 499
Finch V. Heermans, 645
V. Northern Pac. R. R., 1342
V. Zenith F. Co., 753
V. Strickland, 916
Finckh v. Evers, 803
Findlater v. Borland, 200
Findlay v. Carson, 685, 6856
V. Knickerbocker Ice Co., 633,
536
Findley v. Findley, 692fc
Fine v. Navarre, 458
Finigan v. Sullivan, 1337
Fink V. Busch, 1270
V. Farmers' Bank, 692(i
V. Newark, 1128
V. Thomas, 387
Finke v. Allen, 751
Finkelstein v. Kramer, 1357
Finken v. Elm City Brass Co., 482
Finlen v. Heinze, 3016
Finley v. Carothers, 334
V. Hershey, 92, 941, 947
V. Tucson, 108, 679o
Finn v. Providence Gas & W. Co., 1168
V. W. R. R., 76
Finnerty v. Tipper, 446
Finney v. Cadwallader, 610
V. Smith, 233, 234, 359, 444
V. Warren Ins. Co., 712a
Finton v. Eggleston, 982
Fiola V. McDonald, 1337
Firard v. Taggard, 755
Firbank v. Humphreys, 836
Fire Assoc, v. Rosenthal, 723
Firemens' Fund Ins. Co. v. Western
Refrigerating Co., 324a
Firmin v. Firmin, 502, 934
Firmstone v. Spaeter, 1016
First Bank of Mertens v. Steffens, 364
First Baptist Church ». Sch'y & Troy
R. R., 32, 35, 946
First Church v. Boston, 1147
First Ecclesiastical Society w. Loomis,
325
First Nat. Bank of Louisville v. Boyce,
80, 497c
First Nat. Bank v. Briggs, 692d
e. CajfoU, 183
V. Felker, 256
V. First Nat. Bank, 633c, 8186,
819
f. Fourth National Bank, 77 N.
Y. 320; 107rf, 6336, 812, 813,
814
V. Fourth Nat. Bank, 89 N. Y.
412; 324a, 813, 819
V. Gerke, 692a
V. Haulenbeek, 695
V. Kansas Grain Co., 361
e. Minneapolis & N. E. Co., 517a
V. Oliver, 695
V. Red River Val. Nat. Bank, 249,
517a
V. Rogers, 688
V. St. Cloud, 170a
V. Strang, 257
V. Tenney, 834
V. Thomas, 130
V. Thurman, 149
V. Turner, 333
First Nat. Bank of Bamesville v. W.
U. T. Co., 602, 707d, 877, 897
First Nat. Bank v. Williams, 2266,
442
First Orthodox Cong. Church v. Wal-
rath, 413
First Parish in Shrewsbury v. Smith,
931
First Parish in Woburn v. County of
Middlesex, 1158, 1165
First State Bank v. Martin, 681o
Firth V. Fitzgerald, 1268
Fischer v. Hayes, 1231
V. Hope M. L. I. Co., 730
Fish i;. Dana, 795
V. Dodge, 949, 1258, 1293
V. FoUey, 636A
V. Glass, 667
V. Nethercutt, 506a, 584, 1261
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2861
Fish «. Rochester, 1108
V. Seeberger, 305
Fishburne v. Engledore, 363a, 364, 366,
367
V. Sanders, 339
Fishell V. Winans, 313fl!
Fisher v. Anderson, 411
V. Baden Gas Co., 1142
V. Barber, 1356
V. Bidwell, 301
V. Brown, 104 Mass. 359; 80, 259
V. Brown, 70 Fed. 670; 504
V. Cobb, 76
V. Dowling, 929
V. Budding, 334
V. Edington, 917
V. Fallows, 805
». Fisher, 703
V. George S. Jones Co., 256
V. Goebel, 209, 643, 647e, 993
V. Grace, 71
V. Jansen, 180a, 255, 485o
V. Kay, 1007, 1010
V. Kenyon, 637, 638
V. Met. El. Ry., 368
V. Naysmith, 65, 929a, 1130
V. New Orleans Anchor Line, 318
V. Newark City Ice Co., 753
V. Otis, 331
V. Patterson, 446, 451
V. Prince, 54, 4946
V. Samuda, 1036
V. Sargent, 298
V. Val de Travers Asphalte Co.,
240, 241
V. Waupaca E. L. & R. Co., 1367
Fisher, H. S. & M. Co. v. Warner, 753
Fishwick v. Sewell, 506a
Fisk V. Brunette, 304
V. Fowler, 416
V. Gray, 411
V. Hicks, 762, 777
V. New York, 593
V. Tank et al, 767, 1060
Fiske V. Chesterfield, 331a
V. Foster, 700
Fitch V. Bragg, 1240
V. Broadway & S. A. R. R., 1348
V. Casey, 6556
V. Fitch, 1261
Fitch V. Livingston, 316
V. Western U. T. Co., 130 S. W.
■44; 157, 159
V. Western U. T. Co., 150 Mo.
149; 879
Fitchburg v. C. M. Corp. v. Melven,
999c, 999e
Pitchett V. North Pennsylvania R. R.,
346
Fitts t>. Reinhart, 657
Fitzgerald v. Allen, 655d
V. Boulat, 388
V. Caldwell, 341
V. Chicago, K. & W. R. R., 1109
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 47,
383o, 865
V. Clark, 935
V. Dobson, 41, 47, 1355
V. Evans, 762
V. Stewart, 451
Fitzgibbon v. Brown, 460
Fitzgibbons v. Freisem, 66, 988
Fitzhugh V. Chesapeake & O. Ry., 1169
V. McPherson, 345
V. Wiman, 78
Fitzimmons v. Chapman, 194, 441
Fitzjohn v. Mackinder, 126c
Fitzpatrick v. Boston & M. R. R., 101,
215, 221a, 927, 931
V. Cottingham, 415
V. Flagg, 685y
V. Great W. Ry., 43;^
V. New York El. R. R., 1203
Five Tracts of Land v. United States,
252
Fixel V. Tallman, 682o
Fixen v. Blake, 1030
Flagg V. Roberts, 449, 1328
V. Tyler, 691a
Flagler v. Hearst, 512
Flaherty v. St. Louis Transit Co., 1356
Flake v. Carson, 312
Flam V. Lee, 457, 458
Flanagan v. Chicago City Ry., 1364
V. Womack, 361, 386, 489
Flanagin v. Wetherill, 334
Flanary v. Wood, 388, 1344
Flanders v. Canada, A. & P. S. S. Co.,
85a
V. Tweed, 233
2862
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Flannery v. Anderson, 293, 310
V. B. & 0. R. R., 380, 388
Flannigan v. Stauss, 1335
Flash, The, 843
Flavin v. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R., 1342
Fleckner v. Bank, 336
Fleckton v. Spicer, 1012, 1022
Fleddermann v. St. Louis Transit Co.,
1270
Fleet V. HoUenkemp, 368
Fleetham v. Therres, 945
Fleetwood v. Bamett, 640a, 641
Fleischmann v. Samuel, 254a, 496
Fleishman v. Southern Ry., 873
Fleming v. Bailey, 467
V. Baltimore & O. R. R., 927
V. Bank of New Zealand, 171o
V. Beck, 113, 646
V. Chicago, etc., R. R., 1110, 1154
V. Grigg, 734
V. Lobel, 1367
V. Loughren, 1345
V. Lunsford, 657
V. Newport Ry., 1096
V. Potter, 279c
V. Robertson, 278
V. R. R., 1163
V. Shenandoah, 41
V. Sherry, 934, 934a
V. Tolee, 676
V. Wilmington & W. R. R., 1164
Flentham v. Steward, 789
Fletcher v. Auburn & S. R. R., 1182,
1183
V. Brown, 917
V. Burrows, 451
V. Button, 1010
V. Derrickson, 789
V. Dyche, 397, 402, 408, 419
V. Gillespie, 618
V. Great Western Ry., 1085
V. Harmon, 1069
V. Jackson, 808
V. Jacob Dodd Packing Co., 170o,
192
V. Rylands, 33
V. Tayleur, 164, 1329
FUck V. Wetherbee, 191, 768
Flickinger v. Omaha Bridge, etc., Co.,
1154c
Flinn v. Barber, 301
V. Flinn, 301c
Flint V. Clark, 107d, 451
V. Douglass, 918
V. Gauer, 1251
V. Lyon, 1040, 1060
V. Norwich & W. R. R., 860
V. Steadman, 966, 981
Flint & P. M. R. R. v. Detroit, etc.,
R. R., 1152a
V. Gordon, 1154a
Flint & Walling Mfg. Co. v. Beckett,
121d
Florence v. Pattillo, 763
Florence Cotton Co. v. Louisville Bank-
ing Co., 306
Florence E. & W. N. R. R. v. Pember,
1165
Florence E. D. & W. V. R. R. v. Shep-
herd, 1148
Florence M. Co. v. Daggett, 618
Florence Oil & Refining Co. v. Farrar,
762
Florence Wagon Wks. v. Salmon, 413
Flori V. St. Louis, 139
Florida Athletic Club v. Hope Lumber
Co., 762
Florida, C. & P. R. R. v. Foxworth,
573a, 678
V. Sullivan, 574a
Florida N. R. R. v. Southern Supply
Co., 647b
Florida R. & N. Co. v. Webster, 368
Florida Southern R. R. v. Brown, 1110
V. Parsons, 932
Floumoy v. Lyon, 237, 682a
Flowers v. Smith, 383a
Floyd V. Hamilton, 373a
V. Mann, 7356
V. U. S., 614
V. United States, 617
Floyer v. Edwards, 606c
Fludyer v. Cocker, 288, 1025
Flureau v. Thomhill, 1001
Flynn v. Kings County El. R. R.,-
1208
V. Trask, 209, 992
V. Union S. & G. Co., 686
Flynn, In re, Slid
Flynt V. Chicago, B. & Q. Ry., 107d
TABtE OF CASES
[References Are to sections]
2863
Fobes V. Rome, W. & O. R. R., 1183,
1184, 1193, 1194
Focht V. Rosenbaum, 425
Focke V. Blum, 497&
Fodges V. Fries, 222
Foeller v. Heintz, 657
Foels V. Tonawanda, 221& 1355
Fogarty v. Finlay, 559
Fogg V. Hill, 1295
Fogle V. Delmas, 302o
Foley V. Everett, 1354
V. Foley, 304
V. Forty-second St. M. & S. N. A.
Ry., 2436
V. Houston, B. & T. Ry., 1334
V. McKeegan, 413, 1010
V. Manufacturers' & B. I. Co., 722
V. Martin, 365, 1334
V. Northrup, 368
V. Southwestern Land Co., 502, 989
Folk V. Graham, 975
Folkes V. Chadd, 1291
FoUansbee v. Adams, 636d, 741
FoUett V. Jewett, 448d
FoUiott V. Hunt, 6556
Folmar v. Carlisle, 302
Folmsbee v. Amsterdam, 1112a
Folsom V. Apple River L. D. Co., 36a,
191, 937
V. Clemence, 84, 856
V. McDonough, 419
V. Marlette, 310a
V. Parker, 992
V. Plumer, 343
V. Underhill, 483
Folwell V. Providence Journal Co., 448d,
451
Folz V. Tradesmen's T. & S. F. Co., 678
Fomin v. Oswell, 818
Fondavilla v. Jourgensen, 185
Fontaine v. Baxley, 40, 156, 607
V. Schulenberg & B. L. Co., 999A;
Fooks V. Homer, 302
Foos V. Sabin, 753
Foot V. Tracy, 451
Foote V. American Product Co., 484
V. Blanchard, 301, 308
V. Burnet, 959
». Cincinnati, 999d
V. Lorain R. R., 1154a, 1166e, 1174
Foote V. Merrill, 502, 503, 933, 934
V. Sprague, 420
V. Van Zandt, 692
Forbes v. American Mut. L. Ins. Co.,
729
V. Aspinall, 713
V. Boston & L. R. R., 853
V. Hunter, 644
V. Loftin, 226/, 4866
V. Manf. Ins. Co., 711
V. Parker, 81
V. Thomas, 439d
Force v. Elizabeth, 343, 346
V. Sawyer Boos Mfg. Co., 1237
Ford V. Atlantic C. L. R. R., 107a
V. Charles Warner Co., 380
V. Cheever, 358
V. Chicago & N. W. R. R., 95, 924a
V. Fargason, 370, 603
V. Hixon, 324a
V. Illinois ■ Refrigerating Constr.
Co., 2126
V. Ingles Coal Co., 419
V. Jones, 47
V. Keith, 807
V. Lincoln County Comrs., 1151,
1168
V. Loomis, 237, 6851
V. Monroe, 570
V. Oliphant, 762, 765, 777
V. Santa Cruz R. R., 924
V. Schliessman, 1266
V. Schliessway, 70
V. Tirrell, 308a
V. Williams, 58, 226c
Ford H. L. Co. v. Clement, 618
Fordham v. Thompson, 685j, 685A;
Fordyce t». Easthope, 673a
V. McCants, 575, 1367
V. Manuel, 1342
V. Nix, 1342
V. Peper, 821
Fore V. Western N. C. R. R., 1110,
1166
Foreman v. Western U. T. Co., 8946
Forey v. Western Stage Co., 664a
Forgie v. Henderson, 37
Forhmann v. Consolidated Traction
Co., 380
Forke v. Homann, 1042
2864
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Forked Deer Pants Co. v. Shipley, 666
Forman v. Forman, 343
V. Miller, 674
Forney v. Geldmacher, 124
Forrest v. Buchanan, 171
V. Collier, 683
Forst V. Rothe, 70
Forstall v. Louisiana Planters' Assoc,
346
Forster v. Forster, 326
Forsyth Boulevard, In re, 1151
Forsyth v. Dickson, 549, 557, 692
V. Hastings, 673o
V. Mcintosh, 982
V. Mann, 618, 734
V. Palmer, 58, 565
V. Wells, 503, 935
V. Wilcox, 1148
Fort V. Orndorff, 209, 608, 6466, 991
V. Saunders, 496, 497
V. Union Pacific R. R., 86a
Fort Covington v. United States & C.
R. R., 932
Fort Pitt Gas Co. v. Evansville Con-
tract Co., 435a
Fort Scott, W. & W. Ry. v. Lightbum,
484, 490
V. Tubbs, 932
Fort Smith A. & S. Co. v. Nedry, 1354
Fort Wayne v. Hamilton, 932, 1148
Fort Wayne E. L. Co. v. Miller, 606o
Fort Worth v. Howard, 217, 1123, 1143
Fort Worth Ry. v. Smith, 1266
Fort Worth & D. C. Ry. v. Bell, 1347
V. Flynt, 942
V. Hogsett, 937a
V. Hyatt, 574
V. Ikard, 852
V. Morrison, 56 S. W. 931; 574d
V. Morrison, 123 S. W. 621 ; 1270o
V. Morrison, 129 S. W. 1157; 1270
V. Richards, 854
V. Travis, 43fc, 1307
V. Walker, 67
V. White, 310
Fort Worth & N. O. Ry. v. Smith, 48i,
380, 929
V. Wallace, 866, 937a
Fort Worth & R. H. St. Ry. v. Hawes,
486a
Fort Worth & R. G. Ry. v. Bowen,
1357
V. Downie, 1123
V. Garvin, 1149
V. Kime, 1367
V. Wilkinson, 1367
Fort Worth, et al. v. Williams, 1348
Fortescue v. Kings County Lighting
Co., 932
Fosdick V. Greene, 107d, 519
V. Van Husan, 343
Foss V. Heineman, 7356
V. Norrifl, 567
Fossum V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry.,
924o
Foster v. Adams, 756
V. B. I. Crooker Co., 1348
V. Baer, 762
V. Boston, 1177
V. Brooks, 4945
V. Chamberlain, 527
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 1348
I). Chicago R. R., 1152
V. Cleveland, C. C. & St. L. Ry.,
161, 863
V. Dow, 839
V. Dupre, 312
V. Elliott, 101
V. Equitable Ins. Co., 725
V. Fletcher, 931
V. Foster, 970
V. Gressett, 1012o
V. Kennedy, 1027
V. Miranda, 587
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 115 Mo. 165,
21 S. W. 916; 1355
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 128 S. W. 36;
67a
II. Napier, 691c
V. Pierson, 956
V. Preston, 819
V. Rodgers, 762
V. Scoffield, 475
V. Stafford Nat. Bank, 685
V. Thompson, 959, 981
V. Weaver, 83, 503
V. Wise, 692y
Poster Lumber Co. v. Arkansas Valley
& W. Ry., 1123
Foster-Milburn Co. v. Chinn, 448c
TABLE OF CASES
[Bef erencea are to sections]
2865
Fotheringham v. Adams Ex. Co., 49,
1330
Foulger v. Newcomb, 1271
Fmilkes v. Nashville & D. R. R., 5706
Fountain v. West, 448a
Fourth Nat. Bank v. City Nat. Bank,
1031
V. Mayer, 682, 682a, 683
V. Noonan, 836
Foust V. Gregg, 704, 708
Fowle V. New Haven & N. Co., 1110
V. New Haven & N. R. R., 95, 1112
V. Ward, 1256^
Fowler v. Armour, 665
V. Baltimore & O. R. R., 316, 334
V. Bott, 999e
V. Com., 692i
V. Davenport, 317
V. Des Moines & K. C. Ry., 95
I). Fowler, 451
V. Gilman, 80
V. Old North State Ins. Co., 722,
920
V. Pauly, 766
V. Payne, 1057
V. Stonum, 78
V. Strickland, 702, 801
V. Waller, 667
Fowlkes V. Southern Ry., ISO, 226j
V. Webber, 1258
Fox V. Baltimore & 0. R. R., 1171
V. Boston & M. R. R., 119, 164
V. Brissac, 988a
V. Chicago, S. P. & K. C. R. R.,
1270a
V. Davenport Nat. Bank, 814
V. Davis, 460
V. Everson, 768
V. Harding, 130, 194, 613
V. Hartford, etc., R. R., 346
V. Hay ward, 842
V. Jones, 424a
V. Kitton, 636d
V. Knickerbocker Engr. Co., 1220,
1229
V. Longly, 3016
V. Mountjoy, 685jjr
V. Oakland Consol. St. R. R., S73a,
575, 1367
V. Oriel Cabinet Co., 685A
180
Fox V. Poor Ridge & Sugar Creek Turn-
pike Road Co., 153a
V. St. John, 86c, 486o
V. Stevens, 376
V. Stockton, C. H. & A. Works,
766, 767
«. Wray, 440
V. Wunderlich, 387, 1249, 1254
Foxall V. Barnett, 241, 463
Foxcroft V. Nagle, 340c
V. Nevens, 802
Foy V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 853
Foye V. Dabney, 667
Frain v. Metropolitan L. I. Co., 730
Fralick v. Presley, 527
Fraloff V. New York, C. & H. R. R. R.,
244, 317
Francis v. Brock, 1330
France v. Gaudet, 1216, 163, 198, 250,
497, 506
Franchot v. Leach, 1024
Francis v. Castleman, 302a
V. Rucker, 700
I). St. Louis T. Co., 864
0. Schoellkopf, 65, 948, 1025, 1203
V. Western U. T. Co., 876, 894
Franck v. Stout, 623
Frank v. Colhoun, 271
V. Manhattan M. & Dispensary,
668
V. Morrison, 295
V. Tatum, 374
Frank Parmelee Co. v. Wheelock, 1358
Franke v. St. Louis, 1367
Frankel v. Stem, 682
Frankfort v. Kendrick, 1358
Frankfort & K. R. R. v. Windsor, 1295
Frankfort & V. T. Co. v.. Hulette, 171o
Franklin v. Cam,pbell, 916
V. Jackson, 932
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 152
V. Schermerhom, 1366
V. Smith, 203
V. Southeastern Ry., 574
Franklin County v. Layman, 337
Franklin C. Co. v. McMillan, 502, 935
Franklin F. I. Co. v. HamiU, 720
Franklin Ins. Co. v. Sears, 818a
Franz v. Hillerbrand, 363
Fraser v. Berkeley, 487a
2866
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections] ■
Fraser v. Buffalo, 482a
V. Echo, M. & S. Co., 190
V. Little, 677, 678
Frawick v. Martin-Brown Co., 361
Fray t». Voules, 103
Frazer v. Bigelow Carpet Co., 309, 318,
321
V. Supervisors of Peoria, 966
Frazier v. Clark, 608
V. Fredericks, 531
V. Laughlin, 693
V. Lomax, 1275
V. St. Louis Smelting & Refining
Co., 172a
Fred Krug B. Co. v. Healey, 76
Fred W. Wolf Co. v. Galbraith, 742a
Frederick v. Shane, 1131
V. Willoughby, 758
Fredonia Gas Co. v. Bailey, 614
Freeborn v. Norcross, 538
Freedle v. North Car. R. R., 1129, 1148
IVeehold Loan Co. v. McLean, 325
Freeland v. Edwards, 302a
i>. Muscatine, 932
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 1120
Freelove v. Gould, 929, 943
Freeman v. Aylor, 657
V. Carter, 28 Tex. Civ. App. 571;
675
V. Carter, 81 S. W. 81; 580a
V. Cleary, 1354
V. Clute, 190
V. F. P. Harbaugh Co., 778
V. Field, 191, 937
V. Fogg, 633a, 636i
V. Freeman, 310a, 311
V. Harwood, 519
V. Hyett, 1031
V. Illinois C. R. R., 5706
V. Luckett, 493
V. McElroy, 1367
V. Mercantile M. A. Assoc, 113
V. Mireles, 4866
V. National Benefit Society, 732
V. Ortiz, 1355 '
V. People, 677
V. Sayre, 924, 932
V. Strobehn, 107a
V. Tinsley, 449
V. Underwood, 76
Freeman v. Venner, 439
Freeman's Bank v. Rollins, 805
Freer v. Cowles, 527
Freese v. Crary, 107a ,
V. Tripp, 378, 386, 1254, 1256
Frei v. Vogel, 77, 531, 6916
Freidenheit v. Edmundson, 127a, 347,
360
Freligh v. Piatt, 1053
Fremont, E. & M. V. R. R. v. Bates,
1165, 1171
V. French, 1347
V. HarUn, 942, 1110
V. Lamb, 1167
v. Leslie, 1374
V. Marley, 316, 318, 937, 1293
V. Meeker, 11656
V. Root, 335
V. Whalen, 1110, 1141
French v. Barber Asphalt Paving Co.,
1126
V. Bait, 98
V. Connecticut R. L. Co., 182, 948
V. French, 304
V. Fuller, 74, 931
V. Grindle, 704
V. Kennedy, 339a
V. Lowell, 1147
i), McCready, 6856
V. Milwaukee, 1172a
V. Parish, 805
V. Ramge, 109, 199
V. Snyder, 545
V. Vining, 214a, 765
V. Wilkinson, 1309
V. Willet, 554
Fresh v. Cutter, 364
Freund v. Murray, 32
Frey, The, 599
Frey v. Drahos, 77
V. Fitzpatrick-Cromwell Co., 3406
Freyman v. Knecht, 755, 762
Frick V. St. Louis, K. C. & N. Ry., 574
Frick Co. v. Falk, 2126, 764
Frick Coke Co. v. Painter, 1142
Friedenstein v. United States, 753
Friedenwald v. Baltimore, 1148
Friedland v. McNeil, 648a
V. Myers, 167, 984a
Friedlander v. Pugh, 614
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]'
2867
Friedly v. Giddings, 366, 1343
Friedman v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
1334
V. Horn, 171a
Friedrichs v. Belt Co., 1177
Friel v. Plumer, 467
Friend v. Dunks, 1256
V. Green, 531a
V. IngersoU, 483
V. Pittsburgh, 337
Friend & T. L. Co. v. Miller, 157, 742a
Fries V. Watson, 334
Frigstad v. Great Northern Ry., 1326
Frink v. Coe, 368
V. Schroyer, 485
V. Southern Exp. Co., 302a, 678
V. Tatman, 734
Frisbee v. Hoffnagle, 1053
V. Marshall, 70, 86a
Frisbie v. Rosenberg Bros. & Co., 755
Frrsia, The, 587, 588
Frith V. Chicago, D. & M. Ry., 95
Fritts V. New York & N. E. R. R., 195
Fritz V. Hobson, 91, 924, 1194
u. Pusey, 970, 976
V. Watertown, 1261
Frobisher v. Fifth Ave. Transp. Co.,
1270a
Frohreich v. Gammon, 164a, 767
Frohs V. Dubuque, 486
Fromm w. Ide, 225
V. Sierra Nevada S. M. Co., 517
Front St. M. & O. R. R. v. Butler, 1067
Frost V. Foote, 415
V, Jordan, 237, 682a
V. Knight, 758
V, Mixsell, 692e
V. Tarr, 606a
V. Willard, 78
V. Winston, Slid
Frothingham v. Everton, 812) 814, 822
V. Morse, 492, 518
Fruin-Bambrick Construction Co. v.
Ft. Smith & W. R. R., 419
Fry V. Bennett, 386
V. Dubuque & S. Ry., 172, 484
V. Great Northern Ry., 1350
V. Hillan, 171, 483
V. Leslie, 334
Frye v. Maine C R. R., 130, 194
Fuchs V. Koerner, 206, 207, 667
Fuhrman v. Interior Warehouse Co.,
768
Fuhry v. Chicago City Ry., 1364
Fulda V. Caldwell, 449
Fulkerson v. Eads, 106
V. George, 447
FuUam v. Stearns, 103
Fuller V. Atlanta, 1108, 1110
V. Brown, 655c
V. Chamberlain, 1279
V. Chicopee Mfg. Co., 1166d
V. Curtis, 121d, 151
V. Dean, 451
v: Eddings, 1169
V. Fenner, 443, 1335
V. Fuller, 31 Id
V. Jackson, 1270a
V. Mfg. Co., 1119
V. Mt. Vernon, 1110
V. MulhoUan, 976
V. Reed, 651
V. Rice, 651, 660, 662
V. Robinson, 1338
V. Ruby; 999c
V. Wing, 692fc
FuUerton, The, 1357
FuUerton v. Fordyce, 214a
V. Miller, 681a
FuUman v. Cummings, 99, 101
Fulmore v. St. Paul City Ry,, 1363
Fulsome v; Concordj 41, 860, 485
Fulton w. Dover,- 1148
V. Fletcher, 688a
V. H&ffemnger, 674
Fulton County v. Amorous, 1154o
. Fultz V. Davis, 278
V. Wycoff, 195, 441
Fulweiler v. Baugher, 975
Funk V. Buck, 331
V. Creswell, 972
V. Dillon, 432a
ti. Punk, 856
V. H. S. Kerbaugh, 379
V. Hendricks, 517a
V. Voncida, 974, 979
Funke v. Allen, 753
Fuqua v. Gambill, 464
V. Massie, 674
Furber v. McCarthy, 678
2868
TABLE OF CASES
[Rrferenoes are to sections]
Furbush v. Goodwin, 1159
Furlong v. Cooney, 906, 910
V. Polleys, 246, 734, 739
Furman ». Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
1354
V. Elmore, 959
Furman, St., Matter of, 1146, 1149
Furnas v. Durgin, 789, 962, 972, 974
Fumess, Withy & Co. v. Hall, 856
Furnish v. Missouri Pac. Ry. Co., 102
Mo. 669; 1355
Furnish v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 102 Mo.
438; 48, 486a
FurnisB v. Ferguson, 975
V. Hudson River Railroad, 1131
Furstenburg v. Fawsett, 617
Fury V. White, 684o
Fush V. Egan, 565a
Fussell V. Heard, 497^
G. A. Kelly Plow Co. v. London, 665,
666, 667
Gaar Scott & Co. v. Lyon, 535, 565
Gabler v. McChesney, 857
Gabriel v. Akinsville Pressed Brick Co.,
615
Gaddis v. Lord, 683
Gadsden v. Georgetown Bank, 685j,
685fc
V. Howe F. & C. Co., 742
Gaerrett v. Winterich, 2146
Gaertner v. Bues, 988a
Gaffey v. United Shoe Machinery Co.,
647c
Gaffney v. Hayden, 663, 673o
Gage V. Lewis, 789
V. Harvey, 1255
V. McSweeney, 340
V. Parmelee, 310a
V. Thompson, 334
Gagnon v. Klauder-Weldon D. M. Co.,
1357
V. Molden, 633e
V. Sperry & Hutchison Co., 164,
182
Gahagan v. Aerometer Co., 1357
Gahan v. Western U. T. Co., 894
Gahn v. Broome, 717
Gaines v. New Orleans, 6 Wall. 642;
904
V. New Orleans, 17 Fed. 29; 307,
343, 904, 911
V. Poor, 803
Gainesville H. & W. Railroad v. Hall,
1123
V. Waples, 11656
Gainsford v. Carroll, 744
Gaither i>. Bland, 762
V. Blowers, 487o
Galbraith v. Chicago A. I. Works, 645
». Walker, 334
Gale V. Corey, 340a
V. Dean, 1008, 1012, 1018
V. Leekie, 193
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
1332
Gale S. H. M. Co. v. Moore, 767
Galena & C. U. R. R. v. Rae, 842, 854
Galena & S. W. R. R. v. Barrett, 1051
V. Birkbeck, 1165
GaJesburg v. Higley, 1326
V. Rahn, 219
Galesburg R. R. v. Miboy, 1171o
Galigher v. Jones, 513, 745
Gall V. Gall, 664a, 6736
Gallagher v. Baird, 734
V. Bowie, 43h
V. Burke, 988
V. Kingston Water Co., 941, 1146
V. The Yankee, 5996
Gallamore v. Olympia, 484
Galliano ». Pierre, 270
Galligan v. Sun Printing & Pub. Assoc,
856
V. Woonsocket St. R. R., 486c
Gallo V. Brooklyn Sav. Bank, 236
V. McAndrews, 416
Gallon V. House of Good Shepherd,
1336
Galloway v. Courtney, 448(i
Galium V. Seymour, 313a
Gallup ». Perue, 314
Galsworthy v. Strutt, 418, 420
Gait V. Chicago &. N. W. Ry., 95,
924a
Galveston ». Barbour, 572
Galveston C. R. R. v. Miller, 12866
V. Posnainsky, 1326, 1355
TABLE OF CASES
2869
[References
Galveston City & S. F. R. R. v. Bock,
1165
V. Eddins, 1165
Galveston County v. Galveston Gas
Co., 303
Galveston Electric Co. v. Dickey, 1348
Galveston, H. & H. R. R. ti. Bohan,
1357
Galveston, H. & N. Ry. v. Murphy,
1356
V. Newport, 1356
V. Olds, 575, 1367
Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v. Abbey,
1356
V. Arispe, 1367
V. Ball, 844, 851
V. Bean, 1359
V. Becht, 932
V. Bernard, 1356
V. Borsky, 226Z, 937
V. Butshek, 1216
V. Cherry, 1354
V. Clark, 47
V. Coker, 1363
V. Collins, 1357
V. Croskell, 1350
V. Davis, 4 Tex. Civ. App. 468;
575, 580
V. Davis, 27 Tex. Qv. App. 279;
1367
V. Dehnisch, 1356
V. Donahoe, 380
V. Dromgoole, 317
V. Dunlavy, 387, 1149
V. Garcia, 1354
V. Garrett, 171a, 1354
V. Haas, 941
V. Hanson, 1354
V. Harris, 580ffl
V. Henry, 308a
V. Home, 318
V. Hynes, 1356
V. Johnston, 316
V. Karrer, 842
V. Kinnebrew, 865
V. Le Gierse, 1263
V. Leonard, 1306
V. Matzdorf, 1353
V. Miller, 1367
V. Mitchell, 1367
are to sections]
Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry. v. Nass,
1354
V. Norsky, 83
V. Parr, 937
V. PairiBh, 1355
V. Perry, 1367
V. Pfeuffer, 1159
V. Pigott, 575
V. Pitts, 1356
V. Power, 576
V. Rubio, 45
V. Sanchez, 1359
V. Sanders, 1352
V. Silegman, 852
V. Still, 180o
V. Stoy, 1354
V. Thompson, 843a, 856
V. Tuckett, 852
V. Turner, 872
V. Vaughan, 318
V. Waldo, 1354
V. Ware, 237, 12866
V. Wamecke, 933, 934
V. WilliEuns, 1297
V. Wiseman, 222, 865
V. Worth, 1360
». Young, 1349
Galvin v. Gualala M. Co., 930o
V. Tibbs, 383
Galyon v. Ketchen, 65Sc
Gamard v. Hart, 685ji
Gambill v. Cargo, 387
V. Schmudc, 366
Gamble v. Cuneo, 793o
V. Mullin, 132
V. Wilson, 531o, 532
Gambrill v. Schooley, 446, 671
Gammage v. Alexander, 308
Gammell v. Skinner, 302, 308a, 324
Gammon v. Abrams, 308, 314
V. Howe, 407, 417
Gamard v. R. C. & B. R. R., 86c
G&an V. Chicago Great Western R. R.,
854
Ganong v. Green, 82, 497/
Ganscm v. Madigan, 753
II. Tifft, 265, 994
Ganssly v. Perkins, 361, 1254
Ganter v. Atkinson, 69
Gantt V. American Central Ins. Co., 728
2870
TABLE OP CASES
{References are to sections]
Garard v. Manufacturers' C. & C. Co.,
1348
Garbaccia v. Jersey City H. & P. Ry.,
1367
Garbaczewski v. Third Ave. R. R.,
485
Garcin v. Pa. Furnace Co., 414
Garcia v. Gunn, 538
Garden v. Houston Bros., 366
Gardere v. Blanton, 933, 934
Gardiner v. McDermott, 689
Gardner v. Armstrong, 1023
V. Baer, 1368
V. Bamett, 325
V. Boothe, 527
V. Brookline, 1155, 1168, 1295
V. Brown, 633
V. Cooper, 684o
V. Deeds, 636c, 752
V. Field, 244, 431, 433
V. Granniss, 911
V. Grove, 789
V. Heartt, 3 Den. 232; 73
V. Heartt, 2 Barb. 165; 32
V. Letson, 968
V. Lovegren, 930o
V. Minea, 364, 365, 366, 367
V. Newburgh, 1107
V. Niles, 676
V. Ninety-nine Gold Coins, 599c
V. The Roycrofters, 634
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 363
V. Southern Ry., 851
Garfield v. Huls, 1066
Garfield & P. C. Co. v. Pennsylvania
C. & C. Co., 857
Gariteei). Baltimore, 184, 927
Garland v. Aurin, 70
V. Garland, 304
V. Wholeham, 386
Garland County v. Hot Spring County,
337
Garneau v. Omaha Printing Co., 310
Gamer v. Noard, 673a
Garoni v. Compagnie Nationale, 1356
Garr, Scott & Co. v. Young, 762
Garrard v. Dawson, 313a, 317
V. Dollar, 1024
V. Tuck, 922
Garraux v. Greenville, 1115
Garret ;;. Stuart, 964
Garretson v. Becker, 473
V. Brown, 76
Garretson v. Clark, 111 U. S. 120; 1233,
1234, 1243
V. Clark, 15 Blatch. 70; 1233*
1243
Garrett v. Logan, 236
. V. Railroad, 1116
);. Sewell, 125o, 363o, 364, 366
V. Stuajt, 603, 762
V. Western U. T. Co., 83 la. 257,
-49. N. W. 88; 880
V. Western U. T. Co., 92 la. 449,
58 N. W. 1064; 881
V. Winterich, 224
V. Wood, 3 Kan. 231; 533
V. Wood, 55 App. Div. 281;. 948
Garretty v. Brazell, 655c
Garrick v. Florida Cent. & P. R. R.,
377a, 584
Garrigan v. Kennedy, 1265
V. Thompson, 1254
Garrison v. Robinson, 448c
Garrity v. Boston, 1112a
Garthley v. Seattle Electric Co., 1360
Gartley v. Pec^le, 303
Gartner v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R.,
70,95
V. Richardson, 417
Garvey v. Camden & A. R. R. Co.,
1289
V. Fowler, 1257
V. Wayson, 457, 458
Gas Bank v. Desha, 302
Gas Light Co. v.- Colliday, 944
V. Memphis, 337
V. Rome, W. & O. R. R., 910, 914
V. St. Louis, 311c
Gaskell v. Morris, 755
Gaskin v. Runkle, 438
V. Wales, 419
Gaskins v. Davis, 66, 934
Gassely v. Humphries, 445
Gasway v. A. & W. P. R. R., 380
Gate City Cotton Mills v. Rosenau
Hosiery Mills, 752
Gates V. Bekins, 46a
V. Chicago & A. Ry., 937a
V. Comstock, 107 Mich, 546; 317
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2871
Gates V. Comstock, 113 Mich. 127;
930a, 933, 1298
V. Davenport, 668
V. Kansas City B. & T. Ry., 1116
V. Meredith, 448
V. Northern P. R. R., 136
V. Parmley, 407, 1016
V. Parrott, 531a
V. Reynolds, 1027
V. Rifle Boom Co., 499, 503, 934
V. School District, 667
V. Union Bank, 340c
Gathwright v. Callaway County, 647a
Gatling v. Commissioners, 1031
V. Newell, 734
Gattis V. Kilgo, 444
Gatton V. Tolley, 914
Gatzow V. Buening, 43j
Gaulden v. Shehee, 1027
Gauntlett v. Whitworth, 1295
Gaus V. Hughes, 929
Gauthin v. Green, 740
Gavin v. Ball, 417
V. Buckles, 964
V. Com., 1169
Gay V. Dare, 627a
V. Gardiner, 331a
V. Milwaukee E. R. & L. Co., 1360
V. Rooke, 302a
V. Winter, 573
Gay's Gold, 272
Gay Mfg. Co. v. Camp, 408, 415, 620a
Gaylor v. Hunt, 559
Gaynor v. Clements, 1326
Gayton v. Day, 200
Gazelle, The, 33 Fed. 301; 595
Gazelle, The, 2 W. Rob. 279; 30, 592,
593
Gazelle & Cargo, The, 614, 858
Gazette P. Co. v. Morss, 667
Gear v. C. C. & D. R. R., 217
V. Railroad, 1148
V. Shaw, 685e
Geary v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 67a
Gee V. Lancashire & Y. Ry., 146, 152,
157, 158, 166, 740
Gehl V. Milwaukee Produce Co., 753,
755
Geiger v. Cawley, 418
V. Payne, 637, 639, 1339
Geiger v. W. M. R. R., 412
V. Worthen & A. Co., 1367
Geisberg v. Mutual B. & L. Assoc,
1331
Geisek v. Crescent M. I. Co., .723a
Geiser Mfg. Co. v. Holzer, 766
Geiser, T. M. Co. v. Farmer, 85
Geiss V. Hardware Co., 752
Geld V. Adams Exp. Co., 851
Gelpcke v. Dubuque, 346
Gelston v. Hoyt, 336
Gem Knitting Mills v. Empire P. &
B. Co., 1042
General F. I. Co. v. Carolina & N. W.
Ry., 119
Gen. George G. Meade, The, 687
General L. & P. Co. v. Washington
Rubber Co., 614
General M- I- Co. v. Sherwood, 718
General Proprietors v. Force," 1256fe
General Underwriting Co. v. Stillwell,
968
Genet v. Brooklyn, 1128
V. Delaware & H. C. Co., 603
V. Kissam, 325
Geneva v. Peterson, 1138
Genin v. IngersoU, 343, 345
Gennings v. Norton, 86a
Genoa v. Woodruff, 337, 346
Gens V. Western U. T. Co., 896
Gensburg v. Marshall Field & Co.,
496, 5166, 1297
Gentles v. Finck, 85a
Gentry v. Kelley, 246
V. Richmond & D. R. R., 942
Genung v. Baldwin, 487a
George v. Bischoff, 688
V. Cahawba & M. R. R., 613,
614
V. Fisk, 926
V. Hesse, 777, 1030
V. Lane, 611
V. Law, 1326
v. Peckham, 946
George and Richard, The, 135, 699
George B. Swift Co. v. Dolle, 425
V. Gaylord, 1367
George R. Barse Live Stock, Com-
mission Co. V. Adams, 531o
V. McKinster, 533, 535
2872 TABLE
[References
George W. Eoby, The, 103 Fed. 328;
596a
George W. Roby, The, 111 Fed. 601;
598
George Washington, The, 588
Georgetown v. Alexandria Canal Co.,
946
«;. Groff, 482, 484, 485
V. Kelly, 748
Georgetown, B. & L. Ry. v. Doyle,
127o
i). Eagles, 127a
Georgetown, W. G. E. & P. Co. v.
Forwood, 1355
V. Neale, 67a
Georgia v. Bond, 451
V. Kepford, 126(i, 444
Georgia Cent. R. R. v. Bond, 578
V. Dorsey, 150
Georgia P. R. R. v. Fullerton, 318,
435
Georgia R. R. v. Augusta 0. Cd., 753
V. Hayden, 856
V. Olds, 372, 380
V. Pittman, 578, 581
Georgia R. R. & B. Co. v. Benton, 490
V. Berry, 942
V. Eskew, 1342
V. Gardner, 115 Ga. 954; 363
V. Gardner, 118 Ga. 723; 233
V. Garr, 583
V. Oaks, 1306
V. Smith, 306
Geor^a R. & E. Co. v. Baker, 125 Ga.
562; 865
V. Baker, 1 Ga. App. 832; 42,
43/
V. Davis, 359
V. McAllister, 212
Georgia S. & F. Ry. v. Ransom, 1342
Gerard v. Cowperthwait, 676
V. Gateau, 682
Gerbert v. Trustees, 1009
Gerdes v. Christopher & S. A. I. & F.
Co., 1262
Gerken v. Plimpton, 1349
V. Ruppert, 468
Gerkins v. Kentucky Salt Co., 383c,
935
GerU V. Poidebard Silk Mfg. Co., 107d
OF CASES
are to sections]
Germain v. Union School Dist., 419,
644, 657
Germain Fruit Co. v. J. K. Armsby Co.,
762
German v. German, 301c
German-American Title & Trust Co. v.
Citizens' Trust & Surety Co., 679a
German Ins. Co. v. Everett, 722
German Nat. Bank ti. Beatrice Nat.
Bank, 700o
German Savings Bank v. Citizens' Nat.
Bank, 302a
German Theological SdioolK. Dubuque,
214b
German U. B. & S. F. Assoc, v. Send-
meyer, 627o
Germann v. Crescioni, 448a
Gerock v. Western U. T. Co., 46a, 894d
Gerow v. Liberty, 948
Gerrish v. Edson, 555
V. New Market Manuf. Co., 64,
66, 101
Gerson v. Slemons, 153a
Gerst V. St. Louis, 316
Gerwig v. W. J. Johnston Co., 363a
Gest V. Cincinnati, 332
Getchell & M. L. & M. Co. v. Peterson,
678
Gettwerth v. Teutonia Ins. Co., 301,
724
Getty V. Hudson River R. R., 1182
V. Rountree, 1060
Getz V. Philadelphia & R. R. R., 1157,
1169
Getzelson v. Bernstein, 639
Geveke v. Grand Rapids & I. R. R., 485
Ghent v. Boyd, 334
Gholson V. Brown, 688a
Giaccomini v. Bulkeley, 184
Gibboney v. R. W. Wayne & Co., 1041
Gibbons v. Bente, 636c
V. Missouri Pacific R. R., 1159
Gibbs V. Bartlett, 689a
V. Bryant, 304
V. Bull, 555
V. Champion, 1007
V. Chase, S5, 76
V. Chisolm, 345
V. Cruikshank, 540
V. Fremont, 301
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2873
Gibbs V. Gildereleeve, 856a
V. Jemison, 1008
V. Poplar Bluff L. & P. Co., 1358
V. Ranard, 755
V. Tunaley, 1368
Gibert v. Peteler, 1017
V. Washington, C. V. M. & G. S.
R. R. R., 346
Gibler v. Terminal R. R. Assoc, 171o
Giblin v. Mclntyre, 41, 226/, 481, 485
Gibney v. Lewis, 43t, 47
V. St. Louis Transit Co., 67, 1360
V. Turner, 614, 615
Gibson v. Boulton, 974
t). Carlin, 644, 660, 662, 1067
V. Cincinnati Enquirer, 335
V. Delaware & H. C. Co., 112
V. East Tenn. R. R., 865
V. Fidelity & Casualty Co., 1343
V. Fischer, 189
p. Humphrey, 54
V. Hutchins, 904
V. Marquis, 1027
V. Norwalk, 1149
V. Perry, 999c
V. Richart, 973
V. Shehan, 808a
V. Wheldon, 614
V. Whip Pub. Co., 107d, 610, 664
Giddings v. Sears, 834
Giese v. Schultz, 47, 639
Gieseke v. Johnson, 801
Giesy v. Cincinnati, W. & Z. R. R., 1155
Giffen v. Barr, 377o
V. Lewiston, 47
Giffert v. West, 775
Giffin V. Martel, 54
Gifford V. Ferguson, 977
V. Waters, 834c
Gilbert v. Bulkley, 966
V. fiurtenshaw, 349, 1325
V. Campbell, 127
V. Cherry, 1293
V. Grubel, 611
V. Kennedy, 69, 198, 221, 224, 927
V. Peck, 53
V. Rushmer, 968, 980
V. Savannah, Grif&n & N. A. R. R.,
65, 1130
V. Taylorj 301c
Gilbert v. Wiman, 784, 793
Gilbert El. Ry., In re, 1192
Gilbertson v. Richardson, 124
Gilchrist v. Lumberman's Mining Co.,
842
V. Parrtidge, 1042
V. Weil, 999y
Gilchrist, The, 597a
Gildersleevev. Overstolz, 134, 365, 988o
Gile V. Stevens, 64, 66, 1130
Giles V. Dugro, 970, 973, 975
V. Eagle Ins. Co., 714
V. O'Toole, 185, 607a, 984, 1293
Gileson v. Minneapolis & St. L. R. R.,
1342
Gilhooley v. Washington, 999c
Gilkey, The, v. The Beta, 589
Gill V. Johnson-Brinkman Com. Co.,
737
V. Patten, 916
«>. Rochester & P. R. R., 575
V. Staylor, 673d
V. Vogler, 659
Gillam v. Hogue, 124
Gillard v. Brittan, 1042
Gillaspie v. Citizens' Bank, 914
V. Hagans, 993
Gillen v. Minneapolis, S. P. & S. S. M.
Ry., 1342
Gillespie v. Brookljm Heights R. R., 47
V. Creswell, 793a, 801
V. Mayor, 341
V. Thomas, 999d
V. Torrance, 1040
Gillespie, In re, 700
Gillet V. Maynard, 3016, 1012a
V. Mead, 475
V. Van Rensselaer, 304
Gellett V. Kinderhook, 942
V. Moody, 363a
V. Rippon, 805
V. Western R. R. Corp., 316, 438
V. Whiting, 523
V. Young, 425
Gillette v. Goodspeed, 76
Gilley v. Williams, 909a
Gilliam v. Canaday, 940
V. Globe Tailoring Co., 432a
Gillies V. Wofford, 317, 535
Gilligan v. New York & H. R. R., 486c
2874
Table oB" cases
[References are to sections]
Gilligan v. Providence, 1154a
V. Robb, 43h
V. Waterford, 673d
Gillilan v. Rollins, 410
Gillingham v. Dempsey, 844
Gillis V. Cobe, 657
V. Space, 667
GiUon V. Boddington, 866
Gilman v. Andrews, 5166
V. Brown, 366, 385, 933
V. Gilman, 911, 913
V. Hall, 661
V. Haven, 956
V. IlUnbis & M. T. Co., 906
V. Lowell, 452
V. McClatchy, 364, 1335
V. Noyes, Hid, 125a
V. Vaughan, 310a
Gilmore v. DriscoU, 932, 939
V. Mathews, 1254
». Pittsburgh, etc., R. R., 1151,
1152
V. Taylor, 1326
V. Tuttle, 324a
V. Wale, 363a
Gilmour v. Hall, 419
Gilpin V. Conseque, 295, 312, 313o, 319,
734
Gilreath v. Allen, 353, 361, 377
Gih-oy, In re, 1169
Gilson V. Collins, 1066
V. Wood, 432a
Gingles v. Caldwell, 762
Gingras v. Desilets, 360, 372
Giordano i;. Manhattan Ry., 1207
Girard v. Moore, 361, 665o
V. Taggart, 636d, 751, 756
Girdlestone v. Porter, 911
Gist V. Alexander, 270
V. M'Guire, 6853
Gittings V. Winter, 505
Givens v. Berkley, 385
V. Van Studdiford, 924a, 947, 948
Givhan v. Dailey, 672
Glacius V. Black, 659
Gladys City O. G. & M. Co. v. Right of
Way of Oil Co., 935
Glanders v. Graff, 446
Glascock V. Ashman, 692i
V, Chicago & A. R. R,, 854
Glascock V. Hays, 83, 527
Glaser v. Cumisky, 999/
Glasful V. Northern Pac. Ry., 778
Glasgow V. Hood, 665
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 214a
Glasgow Union Ry. v. Hunter, 1090,
1102
Glaspell V. Northern Pac. R. R., 1030
Glaspie V. Glassow, 614, 615
Glaspy V. Cabot, 246
Glass V. Garber, 96
Glasscock v. Shell, 638c
Glasse v. Stewart, 1009
Glaucus, The, 589
Gleason v. Briggs, 302a, 311
V. Chester, 550
V. Morrison, 492a
V. Pinney, 279c
V. Smith, 657
Gleaton v. Fulton B. & C. Mills, 407
GledhiU W. P. Co. v. Baltimore & O.
R. R., 164
Gleeson v. Virginia Midland Ry., 119
Glen Jean R. R. v. Kanawha R. R., 931,
932
Glendenning v. StaMey, 1167
Glenn v. Mathews, 959
I). Schaffer, 519, 737
V. Thistle, 973
V. Whipple, 973
Glennon v. Lebanon Mfg. Co., 1066
Glenogle, The, 589
Glenwoad v. Phillipps, 69
Glezen v. Rood, 107d
GUck V. Wm. Home Co., 426
Glidden v. Cincinnati, 1117, 1165o
V. Street, 316
Globe Ace. Ins. Co. v. Helwig, 731
Globe Refining Co. v. Landa Co. O.
Co., 159
Clock V. Howard & W. C. Co., 1012a
Gloucester v. Eschbach, 678
Glover v. Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry.,
45a
V. Henderson, 834c
V. Holmes, 334
V. Hutson, 774
V. London & S. W. Ry., 126a
V. McGaffey, 685
V. Manhattan Ry., 1200
Table of cases
[References are to sections]
2875
Glover v. North Staffordshire Ry.,
1078, 1093, 1096
V. Rochester G. I. Co., 302, 724
V. Western U. Tel. Co., 371a
Glovinsky v. Cunard Steamship Co.,
873
Glow V. Yount, 536
Glucina & F. H. Goss Brick Co., 1357
Gluck V. Baltimore, 999d, 1157
Glucose Sugar Refining Co. v. Flinn,
664
Gniadck v. Northwestern Imp. & Boom
Co., 2146
Gobble V. Linder, 417, 1020
Godard v. Fredericton Boom Co., 189
Godbey v. Bluefield, 1144
Goddard v. B^en, 546
V. Barnard, 644
V. Binney, 751
V. Bulow, 303, 310
V. Enzler, 577
V. Foster, 314
V. G. T. Ry., 42, 380
V. Westcott, 638, 6386, 638c
Godeau v. Blood, 44, 47, 484
Godfrey v. India Wharf Brew Co., 991
V. Moser, 312
V. White, 310o
Godkin v. Bailey, 1031
Godsall V. Boldero, 729, 1034
Godwin v. Francis, 239o, 835, 836, 837,
838
V. McGehee, 341
V. Taenzer, 504
V. Wihnington & W. R. R., 435
Goebel v. Hough, 182, 988a, 9906
V. Pomeroy Bros. Co., 667
Goebeler v. Wilhehn, 377
Goesling v. Gross, 822
Goetz V. Ambs, 22 Mo. 170; 1345
ti. Ambs, 27 Mo. 28; 363o, 366, 388,
1326
Goetzkow Bros. Co. v. Andrews, 163
Go Fun V. Fidalgo Island Canning Co.,
416
Goff V. Hawks, 1010
V. Miller, 704
V. Rehoboth, 303, 310, 314
Gkiins V. Moberly, 1355
V. Western R. R., 1326
Gold V. Bissell, 42
V. CampbeU, 372, 461, 462, 463
«. Ives, 1039
Gold Hunter, The, 317, 844,
Goldberg v. Besdine, 992
V. Dobbertine, 449
V. Weinberger, 667
Golden v. Knapp, 98
V. Spokane & I. E. R. R., 1367
Golden C. M. Co. v. Repson C. M. Co.,
636d
Golden Gate Lumbw Co. ». Sahr-
bacher, 659
Golden Gate Mill, etc., Co. v. Joshua
Hendy Mach. Works, 335
Golden Grove, The, 594
Golden Rule, The, 589
Colder v. Lund, 483
Golding V. WilUams, 1334
Goldsboro v. Moffett, 618
Goldsborough v. Baker, 416
Goldschmid v. New York, 932
Goldsmith v.. Goldsmith, 301c
V. Hand, 655, 656, 657
j«.v Henderson, 854
V. Holland Trust Co., 179, 622
V. Joy, 384, 487o
Goldstein v. Asen, 988
V. Godfrey Co., 614
V. MiUer, 363
Goldston V. Wade, 162
GoUbart v. Sullivan, 462
GoUer v. Fett, 503, 935
Goltra V. Penland, 170a
Gombert v. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
482a
Gomez V. Scanlan, 462, 681o
Gonty, Inre, v. Manchester, S.&L. Ry.,
1093
Gonzales v. De Funiak H. T. Co., 682a
Gonzales College v. McHugh, 660, 662
Good V. Caldwell, 301
V. Grit Pub. Co., 448d, 451
Goodall V. Thurman, 637, 639
Goodbar v. Lindsley, 232, 565c, 685
Goodbread v. Ledbetter, 449, 451
Goodchap v. Roberts, 325
Gooden v. Moses, 622
Goodhart v. Pennsylvania R. R., 67,
181, 482, 484, 485a
2876
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Goodhart v. Rastert, 343
Goodhue v. Western U. T. Co., 894d
Goodin v. Cincinnati & W. C. Go., 1171
V. Southern Ry., 152
Gooding v. Shea, 73
Goodkind v. Rogan, 164o
Goodloe V. Clay, 304
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1349
V. Rogers, 121, 121d
Goodman v. Floyd, 532
V. Missouri R. R., 316
V. Pocock, 667
V. Wolf, 1007
Goodno V. Oshkosh, 41, 47, 180, 226/,
481, 485, 1326, 1330
Goodnow V. Litchfield, 304
V. Plumbe, 304
V. Willard, 103, 547
Goodpaster v. Porter, 1024
Goodrich v. Burlington C. R. & N. Ry.,
486c
V. Church, 566
V. Dorset Marble Co., 866
V. Foster, 545
V. Hubbard, 613, 636o, 6366, 636^,
636fe
V. Starr, 554
V. Thompson, 816
Goodrum v. Carroll, 692
Goodsell V. Hartford & N. H. R. R.,
5706
Goodson V. Stewart, 930
Goodtitle v. North, 907
V. Tombs, 901, 907
Goodwin v. Davis, 304, 801
V. Mass. M. L. I. Co., 729
V. Morse, 1060
V. Wilbur, 778
Goodwine v. Evans, 1148, 1154, 1171
V. State, 692e
Goodyear Shoe Machinery Co. «. Selz,
Schwab & Co., 423
Googins V. Gilmore, 81
Gordon v. Anthony, 1232
V. Brewster, 90, 206, 666
V. Bruner, 1055
V. Butts, 202
V. Commissioners of Highways,
1138
V. Constantine Hydraulic Co., 132
Gordon v. Grand Rapids & I. R. R.>
933
V. Hall, 917
V. Jenney, 536
V. Kansas City Southern Ry., 1350
V. Kennedy, 1277
V. Longest, 1285
V. Norris, 752, 753
V. Northern Pac. Ry., 1270a
V. Ogden, 1285
V. Parker, 276
V. Potter, 668
V. Sanborn, 625
V. Victoria, 335
Gore V. Brazier, 922, 962
V. Buck, 302a
V. Worthington, 901
Gorey s>. Kelly, 1249
Gorgas v. Phila., H. & P. R. R., 144
Pa. 1; 1130, 1X65
». Phila., H. & P. R. R., 215 Pa.
501; 253
Gorgas, The, 593
Gorham v. Eastchester El. Co., 933
V. Kansas CXty & S. Ry., 86c, 1355
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R., 575
Gorham Co. v. United E. & C. Co., 618
Goring v. Fitzgerald, 4Z9g
GormuUy & Jeffery Mfg. Co. v. Catha-
rine, 497^
Gorman v. Bellamy, 660
V. Hand Brewing Co., 1367
V. Marsteller, 929
V. Southern Pac. Co., 865
V. Sutton, 447
Gorton v. Harmon, 578
Gosa V. Milwaukee L. H. & T. Co., 1148
V. Southern Ry., 359
Gosdin v. Williams, 932
Goslin V. Corry, 86
V. Hodson, 1066
Gosman, In re, 338
Goss V. Dysant, 774
V. Goss, 2216
Gossett V. Railroad Co., 1117
Gottsberger v. Smith, 69^'
Gottschalk v. Jungmann, 1031
Gough V. Farr, 637
V. State, 1247
Gould V. Bishop Hill Colony, 331, 420
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2877
Gould V. Emerson, 310a
V. Hudson River R. R., 6 N. Y.
522; 1182
V. Hudson R. R. R., 12 Barb. 616;
1108, 1115
V. Merrill Ry. & L. Co., 435o
0. Oliver, 717
V. Weed,, 449
Gould Const. Co. v. Childera, 1367
Goulding v. Hewitt, 106
Gould's Mfg. Co. V. Cowing, 1243
Goulet V. Asseler, 81
Gourdier v. Cormaek, 69, 71
V. Thorp, 1067
Gourdin v. Read, 1284
V. Trenholm, 807a
Gove V. Watson, 55, 494, 1261
. Governor v. Allen, 692
». Barr, 692i
V. Cobb, 692d
V. Pearoe, 692a
V. Raley, 692i
Governor & Co. of British C. P. Manuf .
V. Merideth, 1108
Governor of B. C. P. Mfgrs. v. Mere-
dith, 1107
Govin i;. DeMiranda, 317, 493o
Gowen v. Gerrish, 411
Gower v. Carter, 331
V. Saltmarsh, 407, 415
Gowland v. De Farria, 286
Grabenheimer v. Blum, 440
Grable v. Margrave, 352, 376, 385
Grace v. Dempsey, 466
V. McArthur, 1335
Grace Girdler, The, 587
Grace & Hyde Co. v. Strong, 584o, 1367
Gracy v. Potts, 340b
Grade Crossing Comrs., In re, 1169
Graeber v. Derwin, 482
Graeme v. CuUen, 346
Graessle v. Carpenter, 932, 933, 938
Graeter v. De Wolf, 677
Graf V. Law, 648
Graff V. Blumberg, 667
V. Illinois Steel Co., 1355
Grafton v. St. Paul, M. & M. R. R.,
1152o
Grafton Bank v. Flanders, 819
V. White, 556
Grafton & G. R. R. v. Foreman, 1144
Gragg V. Richardson, 983
Graham v. Baker, 956
V. Bardin, 759
V. Bickham, 678, 679
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 303
V. Chrystal, 309
V. Connerville v. N. C. J. R. R.,
1174
V. Consolidated Trac. Co., 574,
1367
V. Dyer, 981
V. Eiszner, 2125
V. Frazier, 734
V. Fulford, 1254
V. Geneva Lake C. Mfg. Co., 1222,
1244
V. Graham, 1020
V. Hackwith, 1007
V. Jackson, 751
V. Leslie, 959, 961
V. McCoy, 622
V. McCreary, 565a
V. Maitland, 244, 824
V. Mattoon City Ry., 1303, 1363
V. Merchant, 324a
V. O'Callaghan, 531
V. Pacific R. R., 366, 387, 1326
V. Peat, 931
V. Pittsburgh & L. E. R. R., 1175
V. Piano Mfg. Co., 1230
V. Rookford, 1347
V. St. Charles St. R. R., 380
V. State, 693
V. Swigeit, 688
, V. WilUams, 310
V. Wilson, 1052
V. Woodson, 309
Grainger v. Hill, 42
Grams V. Murphy, 680
Grand Avenue Railroad v. Citizens'
Raihoad, 1150
Grand Haven v. United States F. &
G. Co., 692d
Grand Lodge v. Knox, 1053, 1055
Grand Lodge A. 0. U. W. v. Cleg-
horn, 677
Grand Rapids v. Bennett, 1152a
Grand Rapids, City of, v. Bennett,
1165
2878
Grand R. & B. C. R. R. v. Van Dusen,
613, 614, 636re
Grand Rapids & I. R. R. v. Heisel,
1110, 1165
V. Horn, 1148
V. Weiden, 1169
Grand Rapids Booming Co. v. Jarvia,
71, 1116, 1154a, 1157
Grand Rapids Savings Bank v. Warren,
301a.-
Grand Tower Co. v. Phillips, 246, 425,
603, 738, 739, 742, 753
Grand Tronc C. E. v. Black, 630
Grand T. Ry. v. Beckett, 67a
V. Central Vermont Co., 3406, 346
V. Jennings, 67o, 574a
V. Vermont Central R. R., 311/
Grandin v. Reading, 671
Granger v. City of Syracuse, 1128
Granite State, The, 243a, 592, 595
Grannis v. St. Paul & Chicago Ry.,
1148
Grant v. Astle, 1276
V. Button, 1073
V. Edwards, 3116
V. Egyptian, 214
V. Elliot M. F. I. Co., 725
V. Healey, 275
V. Herald Co., 368
V. King, 317, 493
«.; Lawrence, 803
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 942
V. Willey, 639a
V. Wolf, 924
Grant County v. Lake Coimty, 337
Grant Park v. Trah, 1138
Grantham v. Severs, 431
Grantier v. Austin, 975, 982
Grasselli v. Lowden, 418
Grasser & Brand Brewing Co. v. Bog-
ers, 6956
Grattan v. Suedmeyer, 171o
Grau V. McVicker, 213
Gravel v. Clough, 5166
Gravenstine'S Estate, 305
Graver v. ShoU, 99
Graves v. Baltimore & N. Y. Ry., 436
V. Barnes, 3116
V. Berdan, 999c
V, Brownson, 984
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Graves v. Dash, 31, 700
V. Glass, 6476, 647c
V. Moore, 237, 238
W.Otis, 1108
V. Rivers, 6386, 639
V. Saline Co., 337, 339
V. Spier, 777
V. Waller, 19 Conn. 90; 1277
V. Waller, 4 Ky. L. Rep. 452; 345
Gray v. Bass, 821
V. Briscoe, 6 Bush. 687; 330
V. Briscoe, Noy, 142; 975
V. Brooklyn Union Pub. Co., 448c
V. BuUard, 1268
V. Case School of Applied Science,
3eic
V. Central R. R., 157 N. Y. 483;
313
V. Central R. R., 89 Hun, 477; 312
V. Crosby, 400, 420
V. District of Columbia, 337
V. Elzroth, 449, 451
V. Granger, 1032
V. Hall, 734
V. Harris, 33
«;. Henry County, 1296
V. Knoxville, 1117
V. Linton, 366, 988a
V. McLean, 684
V. Manhattan R. R., 11986
V. Meek,= l024
V. Missouri' R. P. Co., 317, 844
V. Murray, 623, 672, 817
V. New Jersey Cent. R. R., 312
t). PhilUps, 577 •
V. Portland Bank, 519, 746
V. Rdllo, 1032
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. R. R., 852
V. St. Paul City Ry., 1367
V. Sampers, 377
V. State, 338
V. Stevens, 432o
V. Telegraph Co., 894
V. Van Amringe, 314
e. Wain, 841
V. Washington Water Power Co.,
47, 484
V. Waterman, 125a, 383a 927
Gray Eagle, The, 587
Graybill v. DeYoung, 443
TABLE OP CASB&
[References are to sections]
2879
Graybill v. Warren, 301c
Gray-Meek P. B. Co. v. McNaUy, 1357
Grays Harbor Boom Co. v. Lownsda,le,
253, 1161
Grays Harbor Commercial Co. v. Con-.
tinental Nat. Bank, 819
Grayson v. Wilkinson, 814, 831
Greasley v. Higginbqttom, 128
Greasly v. Codling, 35
Great Lakes Towing Co. v. Kelley, 593
Great Northern Ry. v. Shepherd, 873
Great W. P. Co. v. Tucker, 618
Great Western Ry. v. Ackroyd, 1172a
V. Miller, 380
V. Redmayne, 152, 856
Greaves v. Newport, 682a
Grebert-Borgnis v. Nugent, 161, 740,
742
Grecian Monarch, The, 1330
Greeley v. Stilson, 497
Greeley, St. L. & P. Ry. ». Yeager,
358
V. Yount, 293
Greely v. Bartlett, 834
V. Tremont Insurance Gompfiny,
717
Green v. Ansley, 1023
V. Batson, 1053
V. Bell, 992
V. Biddle, 906, 908, 916, 954
V. B. & L. R. R., 251a, 844
V. California, 1115
V. Catawba Power Co., 172o
V. Chicago, 1138
V. Qarke, 88
V. Craig, 347, 366, 372
V. Davies, 105
V. Bales, 991, 992
V. Eden, 999A
V. Edick, 83
V. Fall River, 1147
V. Parmer, 499
V. Farmers' Consol. Dairy Co.,
603, 610
V. Garcia, 317
V. Gilbert, 672
V. Haley, 6555
V. Hudson R. R. R., 579
V. Hulett, 665
V. Irving, 979
Green v. McCracken 1299
V. Mann, 190, 221, 226n, 992
V, Middlesex R. R., 1309
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 486
V. Plank, 1293
V. Price, 418
V. Quisenberry, 685fc
V. Shoemaker & Co., 43ft
V. Sizer, 278
V. South Bound R. R., 1174
V. Southern C. Ry., 578
V. Southern Express Co., 1328
V. Southern Pac. Co., 578
V. Spencer,- 637, 639
V. Sperry, 53
V. Stacy, 310a
V. Stephens, 55
V. Sun Co., 74
V. Weaver, 106
V. Williams, 183, 189, 984
V. Witte, 762
Green; BayA' M. C. Co. v. Kaukauna"
W. P. Co., 941
Green-Wheeler Shoe Co. v. Chioagp,:,
R. I." &-P. Ry., 119, 1196, 119c
Greenbaum v. Martinez, 229
«. Taylor, 1295
Greenberg v. Western Turf Ass'n., 385
Greene v. Allen, 1054
V. Bateman, 750
V. Creightonj 980a
V. Goddard, 179, 622
V. Linton, 672, 1039
V. N. Y. Central & H. R. R. R.,
1195
V. Tallman, 969, 973, 979, 980a,
981
». Waggoner, 227
Greeney v. Pa. Co., 363a, 364, 365, 366
Greenfield v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry.,
933
Greenfield Bank v. Leavitt, 55, 494c,
519 .
Greenfield Savings Bank v. Simons, 316,
828
Greenhaw v: Holmes, 326
Greening v. Wilkinson, 508
Greenish v. Standard Sugar Refinery,
341
Greenleaf v. Cook, 1053
2880
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Greenleaf v. Kellogg, 345
V. McColley, 040
V. Stockton C. H. & A. Works,
411
V. Yale Lock Mfg. Co., 1222
Greenley v. Brooks, 769
Greenly v. Hopkins, 303
Greensboro v. McGibboney, 107a
Greensborough v. Young, 1108
Greenup v. Stoker, 91, 639a
Greenvault v. Davis, 964
Greenville & Columbia R. R. v. Part-
low, 364, 373, 1148
Greenwald v. Ins. Co., 723o
Greenway o. Taylor County, 485, 1355
Greenwell v. Ross, 613, 858
Greenwood v. Davis, 614, 636/
V. The Fletcher, 689
V. Hoyt, 1012
V. King, 576
V. Pierce, 1030
Greenwood County v. Kansas City,
etc., R. R., 1167
Greer v. Fontaine, 917
0. Great Northern Ry., 1357
V. Latimer, 3146
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 1306
V. Mayor, 317
V. New York, 72
V. Powell, 493a
V. Tweed, 407, 419
V. Vamell, 134
V. White, 368
Gregg V. Bank, 515
V. Fitzhugh, 516c, 745, 747
V. Baltimore, 217, 1151
V. Northern R. R., 1162
Gregg's Case, 675c
Gregory v. Brooks, 126d
V. Chambers, 241
V. Coleman, 1258
V. The Duke of Brunswick, 1277
V. McDowel, 738
V. New York, L. E. & W. Ry., 485
V. R. R., 580a
V. Sewing Mach. Co., 301
V. Slaughter, 1349, 1355
V. Spieker, 632
V. Williams, 443
V. Woodbury, 540
are to sections]
Gresham v. Taylor, 191, 937
Gress Lumber Co. v. Coody, 316, 319
Gressman v. Morning Journal Assoc.
384
Greve v. First Div. S. P. & P. R. R.,
1175
Grey v. Grant, 350
Greymouth, P. E. R. & C. Co. v.
Mclvor, 67, 67o
Gribble ». Ford, 308a
Grice o. Noble, 608
V. Scarborough, 970, 976, 978
Grider v. Tally, 692^
Gridley v. Capen, 794
Grier v. Ward, 226c, 384
V. St. Louis, M. B. T. R. R., 119
Griesheimer v. Botham, 987
Grieve v. North Jersey St. Ry., 1367
Griffen v. Sprague Electric Co., 607
Griffey v. Kennard, 908
GriflSn ». Bonham, 3116
«;. Brown, 241
i>. Colver, 30, 145, 1716, 176, 190
V. Gorman, 8l9
». Levee Com., 692/
V. Martel, 1296, 1298
V. Miner, 659
V. Ogletree, 614
V. Pennsylvania S. V. R. R., 1149
V. Regan, 922
V. Reynolds, 975
V. Roanoke R. & L. Co., 4S9d
V. Shreveport, etc., R. R., 1123
V. Southern Ry., 366
«. Underwood, 692i
Griffing Bros. Co. v. Winfield, 87, 620,
636ff
GriflSth V. Baltimore, etc., R. R., 335
V. Burden, 257
V. Missouri Pac. R. R., 1348
Griffiths V. Perry, 628
Griggs V. Day, 136 N. Y. 152; 256
V. Day, 158 N. Y. 1; 107a, 511, 512
V. Detroit & M. R. R., 973
V. Ganford, 312
V. Griggs, 303
Grigsby v. Day, 256
Grill V. General I. S. C. Co., 368
Grimes v. Blake, 345
V. Bowerman, 467
TABLE OF CASES
2881
[References
Grimes v. Hagood, 304
V. Reese, 1070
V. Watkins, 317
V. Wilson, 908
Grimested v. Lofgren, 3836
Grimmelman v. Union Pac. R. R., 580a
Grimshaw v. Bender, 700
Grindle v. Eastern Express Co., 168,
212, 623, 817, 856o
Grinnell v. Western U. T. Co., 875, 876
V. Wells, 471
Gripton v. Thompson, 377a
Grisell v. Noel Brothers Flour Feed Co.,
673d
Griser v. Schoenborn, 385
Grisham v. Bodman, 55, 565a
Grissler v. Powers, 777
Grissom V. Sorrell, 1027
V. Hofius, 1364
Grist V. Hodges, 956, 1258
Griswold V. Chandler, 692i
V. Haven, 493
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R., 172
V. New York I. Co., 710
V. Sabin, 1023
V. St. Louis, etc., R. R., 1110
t). Union Mut. Ins. Co., 714
Griveaud v. St. Louis Cable & W. Ry.,
482
Groat V. Gillespie, 682
V. United Ry., 1270a
Groesbeck v. Harris, 973
Groff V. Philadelphia, 1120
Grommes v. St. Paul Trust Co., 999o
Gronan v. Kukkuck, 47, 487o, 1270
Groover v. Warfield, 76, 753
Grosbeck v. Harris, 981
Grose v. Hennessey, 762, 774
Grosjean v. Galloway, 1027
Gross V. Davis, 807, 8076, 808
V. Hays, 370
V. Heckert, 984, 984a
V. Hochstim, 641
V. Kierski, 774
Grossman v. R. R., 1117
Grosvemor v. Cook, 678
V. Ellis, 319
Grotenkemper v. Harris, 579
Grotton v. Glidden, 487
Grout V. Cooper, 914
181
are to sections]
Grout V. Townsend, 964
Grove v. Bush, Q85g
V. Wallace, 685i
V. Yonell, 988
Grover & B. S. M. Co. v. Bulkley, 664
Groves v. Sentell, 341
Growbarger v. United States F. & G.
Co., 681a, 692i
Grubb V. Burford, 996
Grubbi v. Grubbi, 305
Grubbs v. Pence, 638, 6386
V. N. S. Home Ins. Co., 722
Gruber v. Baker, 439a
Grugan v. Philadelphia, 1150, 1168
Gruman v. Smith, 228e, 512, 828
Grand v. Pendergast, 842
V. Tucker, 334
V. Van Vleck, 378,
Grundy ». Grundy, 3016
V. Young, 685sr
Guadelupo y Calvo Mining Co. v.
Beatty 673c
Guarantee Co. v. Mechanics' Savings
Bank & Trust Co., 301
Guarantee T. & S. D. Co. v. E. C. Drew
Inv. Co., 934
V. Holsell, 933, 934
Gubbitosi v. Rothschild, 1372
Guengerech v. Smith, 34 la. 348; 385
V. Smith, 36 la. 687; 386
Guenther v. Taylor, 734, 742a
Guerard v. Rivers, 969
Guernsey v. Carver, 636ff
V. Phinizy, 334
V. Shellman, 234
Guerry v. Kerton, 1330
Guess V. Stone Mountain Granite Co.,
1123
Guest V. Macpherson, 359, 377, 386
Guetzkow V. Andrews, 740, 770
Guice V. Crenshaw, 734
V. Harvey, 444
Guignon v. First Nat. Bank, 311/
Guild V. Guild, 229
Guildford v. Anglo-French S. S. Co.,
370
V. Cornell, 685y
Guille V. Swan, 128
Guillou V. Farnshaw, 753, 755
Guin V. Moultrie, 1138
2882 TABLE
[References
Guinn v. Iowa & S. L. Ry., 331a
». Ohio River R. R., 1144
V. Phoenix Ins. Co., 722
Guinotte v. Chouteau, 964
Guiteman v. Davis, 275
Guiterman v. Liverpool, N. Y. & P. S.
S. Co., 852, 1298
Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. v. Bagby, 214o
V. Barber, 162
ti. Beall, 570
I). Booth, 171o
V. Boyce, 1367
V. Brown, 1354
V. Butler, 854
V. Calhoun, 316
V. Campbell, 229
V. Carter, 937
V. Chinski, 856
V. Clark, 70
V. Compton, 75 Tex. 667; 581
V. Compton, 38 S. W. 220; 856a
V. Coulter, 852
V. Craft, 171, 1261, 1265
V. Cusenberry, 86 Tex. 525; 75
V. Cusenberry, 5 Tex. Civ. App
114; 937o
V. Delancy, 1367
V. Dorsey, 1349
V. Dunham, 221
V. Dunlap, 316, 317
V. Dunman, 1012a
V. Duvall, 1367
V. Eddins, 846
V. Evansich, 4866
V. Finley, 573a, 577, 578
V. Fuller, 1143
V. Gilbert, 854
V. Gillespie, 852
V. Graves, 316
V. Gray, 324a
t). Grisom, 86c
V. Haskell, 937, 942
V. Hartley, 88
V. Hayter, 43ft
V. Helsley, 942, 947
V. Hepner, 95
V. Hodge, 161, 843a
V. HoUiday, 318 ,
V. Hume, 843o, 852
V. Humphries, 324a
OF CASES
are to sections]
Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. V. Jackson, 667,
675
V. Jagoe, 317, 318, 937a
V. Johnson, 54 Fed. 474; 316
V. Johnson, 10 Tex. Civ. App. 254;
1306, 1367
V. Keith, 432a, 438
V. Levy, 45o, 894, 896
V. Loonie, 881, 882, 895
V. Luther, 43y, 1342
V. Lyons, 1151
V. McCarty, 316, 856
V. McCormick, 865
t>. McFadden, 380a
V. McGowan, 937
V. McMannewitz, 223
V. McMurrough, 75, 21^c, 220,
938
V. Mangham, 1306
V. Martin, 843
V. Matthews, 937a
V. Milan, 1167
V. Moore, 28 Tex. Civ. App. 603;
1307
V. Moore, 39 S. W. 987; 1342
V. Nelson, 856a
V. Nicholson, 937
V. Overton, 42, iSg, 860
V. Patterson, 1297
t). Pettit, 854
V. Pool, 937
V. Reed, 225,. 948
V. Reggan, 937a
V. Richards, 948, 1165c
V. Royall, 1367
V. Sain, 1342
V. St. John, 1342
V. Sauter, 43*:, 1355
V. Simonton, 201
V. Southwick, 573, 578
V. Stanley, 852
V. Trott, 43/
V. Wards, 412
V. Warner, 1356
V. Wedel, 318
V. Wilson, 876
V. Younger, 580, 583
Gulf Stream, The, 588
Gulf, C. & L, I. Ry. V. Nelson, 856a
Gulf P. L. Co. V. Brymer, 937, 937a
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2883
Gulf, W. T. & P. Ry. V. Holzheuser,43/i;,
484, 485
V. Staton, 852
Guli V. West, 1023
Gulliver v. Drinkwater, 920
V. Fowler, 995
Gumb V. Twenty-third St. Ry., 483
Gunderson v. Northwestern Elevator
Co., 575, 1367
Gundy v. Nye-Schneider-Fowler Co.,
580
Gunel V. Cue, 789
Gunn V. Burghart, 244, 495
V. Head, 343
V. Howell, 341
V. MiUer, 334
Gunotte v. Chouteau, 975
Gunter v. Astor, 182, 470
V. Beard, 979, 980a, 981
V. Cleyton, 548
Gurdon & Ft. S. Ry. v. Calhoun, 1358
Gurley v. MacLennan, 828
Gurr V. W. U. T. Co., 109
Gusdorif V. Duncan, 363a, 378
Gussow V. Beinson, 416
Gustafson v. Rustenleyer, 1027
V. Wind, 1263
Guston V. Jose, 933
Guthman v. Castleberry, 1057
Guthrie v. Pugsley, 975, 976, 981
V. Russell, 980
V. Stockton, 999o
V. Wickliffe, 295, 334
Gutney v. Grand Trunk Ry., 873
Gutschneider v. Pirosnick, 6336
Gutta Percha & R. M. Co. v. Benedict,
301
V. Cleburne, 762
Guttner v. Pacific Steam Whaling Co.,
76
Gutzweiler v. Lachman, 911
Guy V. Cahley, 822
V. Doak, 631a
V. Franklin, 4, 334
Guyandot v. Ry. Co., 1149a, 1155
Guyer v. Davenport, R. I. & N. W. R.
R,., 1109
Guyon v. Serrill, 1229
Gwaltney v. Southern Timber Co., 69,
76, 363a
Gwin V. Barton, 692i
V. Breedlove, 269
Gwinn v. Whitaker, 334
Gwynn v. Citizens Tel. Co., 383c
Gyger v. Courtney, 685j
H
H. D. Taylor Co. v. Niagara Bedstelad
Co., 752
H. D. Wetmore & Co. v. Henry, 734
H. F. Diinock, The, 243, 420a
H. G. HoUoway & Bro. v. White-
Dunham Shoe Co., 157
H. G. Vogel Co. V. Lockport Glass Co.,
3146
H. P. Phillips & Co. V. Pruitt, 1364
H. T. Smith Co. v. Minetto-Meriden
Co., 617
Haag V. Cooley, 451
Haas V. Dudley, 218, 972
V. Hudmon, 734
V. Kansas City, F. S. & G. R. R.,
856
V. Powers, 1337
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 482o
Habeler v. Rogers, 753
Habenocht v. Lisak, 755
Haberman v. Gasser, 387
Haberzettle v. Trinity & B. V. Ry., 152
Hack V. Dady, 43h, 43i
V. Noiris, 307
Hackenburg v. Shaw, 411
Hacker v. Heiney, 47, 446
V. Blake, 973
V. Johnson, 6916
Hackett v. B. C. & M. R. R., 55, 848
V. Richards, 1275
V. Smelsley, 347, 1255
V. Wisconsin Cent. Ry., 1306, 1367
Hackney v. Delaware & A. T. & C. Co.,
574o
Haddane Gr. Co. v. Brooklyn H. R. R.,
734
Hadden v. Metropolitan El. R. R., 1208
V. Southern Messenger Service, 154,
370
Haddock v. Taylor, 1028, 1030
Haden v. Sioux C. & P. R. R., 482, 485
V. Swepston, 681a
2884 TABLE
[References
Hadley v. Ayers, 310
V. Baxendale, 144, 152, 1018
V. Insurance Co., 725
V. Western Union Telegraph Co.,
879
Hadsell v. Hancock, 238
Haehl v. Wabash R. R., 377a, 380, 584
Haff V. Pilling, 734, 737
Haffke v. Coffin, 407
Hafner Mfg. Co. v. Lieber L. & S. Co.,
734
Hagaman v. Moore, 1148, 1293
Hagan v. Providence & W. R. R., 360,
380
V. Rawle, 161
V. Riley, 86a, 240
Hagar v. England M. M. I. Co., 714,
716
V. Norton, 492a
Hager v. Blake, 330, 343
Hagerty v. Nashua Lock Co., 663, 673o
Haggan v. Posley, 81
Haggard v. Algona Ind. School Dist.,
1117, 1148, 1154
Haggart v. Morgan, 679
Haggin v. Price, 615
Hagood V. Aikin, 334
V. Blythe, 676
Hahiat v. Codde, 637
Hahl V. Brooks, 1027
Hahn v. Bettingen, 81 Mmn. 91; 638c
V. Bettmgen, 84 Minn. 512; 637
V. Concordia Society, 426
V. Cotton, 99, 101
V. Cummings, 1027
V. Horstman, 186, 407, 411, 413,
419
V. St. Louis, K. C. & C. R. R., 854,
856
Haigh V. De la Cour, 713
Haight V. Hoyt, 50 Conn. 583; 1326
V. Hoyt, 19 N. Y. 464; 1027
». McVeagh, 311
V. Pine, 301c
Haile v. Hill, 536a
V. Texas & P. Ry., 43/, 43A
Haine v. Dunlap, 109
Hainer v. Lee, 535
Haines v. Pearson, 57^
V. Schultz, 353, 397, 360, 378, 380o
OF CASES
are to sections]
Haines v. Stilwell, 303
V. Tucker, 753
V. Young, 646a
Hair v. Barnes, 183
V. Little, 317, 1279
Haish V. Pollock, 913
Haislip V. Wilmington, etc., R. R.,
1148, 1165a
Haist V. Bell, 618, €44
Haitt V. Allen, 294
Halbert v. State, 692/
Halcomb v. Stubblefield, 565c
Haldeman v. Berry, 1042
V. Jennings, 411
Hale i;. Hall, 677
V. Hess, 613, 617, 636a
V. James, 922
V. New Orleans, 331a, 962
V. San Bernardino V. T. Co., 367
i;. Thomas, 675c
V. Trout, 613, 615, 752
V. Washington Ins. Co., 718
Hales V. London & N. W. Ry., 162,
226c, 856
Halestrap v. Gregory, 148
Haley v. Dorchester M. & F. I. Co., 726
V. Mfg. F. & M. I. Co., 725
V. Solvay Process Co., 1359
Halfif V. O'Connor, 414
Halfpenny v. Bell, 1031
Hall V. Bramell, 531a
V. Brooks, 549
V. Cadillac, 1216, 1270a
V. Chicago, B. & Q. Ry., 1371
V. Clark, 1053
V. Crowley, 419
V. Gushing, 692^
V. Dean, 967, 973
V. Deaton, 69
V. Delaplaine, 959, 1007, 1008
V. Edrington, 637
V. Farmers' & C. S. B., 302a
V. Gale, 970, 975
V. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry., 573a
V. Germain, 1306
V. Gould, 999/
V. Hall, 42 Ind. 586; 807a, 1258
V. Hall, 8 Vt. 156; 334
I/. Horton, 984, 984a
V. Iluckins, 301
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2885
Hall V. Jordan, 336
V. Manson, 486
V. Middleby, 414
V. Nash, 785
V. Nix, 80o
V. North Pass. C. R. R., 1367
V. Northern & Southern Co., 636d
V. Northwest Lumber Co., 1348
V. Ocean Ins. Co., 711
V. Pierce, 753
V. Rising Sun Ins. Co., 716
V. Scott, 345
V. Smith, 689
V. South Carolina Ry., 363o
V. Stem, 1239
V. Stewart, 193b
V. Storrs, 823
V. Tillman, 110 N. C. 220; 533, 535,
536, 538
V. Tillman, 115 N. C. 500; 691a
V. Virginia, 302
V. Western U. T. Co., 888
V. White, 686
V. Wiles, 1227, 1229
V. York, 1011
Hall, The, 595
Hall's Appeal, 1047
Hallack v. Johnson, 1353
Hallack Lumber & Manuf . Co. v. Gray,
. 497c
Hallam v. Telleren, 331
V. Todhunter, 1028
Hallett V. Novion, 295
V. Taylor, 1012
V. Wylie, 999c
Halliday v. Holgate, 80, 259
Hallidie Mach. Co. v. Hayden-Coeur
d'Alene Irr. Co., 12866
HalUgan v. Wade, 999d
Hallock V. Becher, 804, 806, 1261
V. Franklin County, 1160
V. Mnier, 443
V. Slater, 413
Halloway v. Lacy, 673/
Hallowell v. Guntle, 451
Hallum V. Dickinson, 335
Halness v. Anderson, 1332, 1339
Halsey v. Bird, 821
V. Hurd, 734
V. Lehigh V. R. R., 74, 926
Halsey v. Woodruff, 1279
Halstead v. Nelson, 172o, 234, 443, 444
V. Sigler, 933
V. VandaUa R. R., 1161
Halsted v. Meeker, 3116
Halsted Lumber Co. v. Sutton, 734,
742
Halwerson v. Cole, 841
Ham V. Goodrich, 651
V. Hill, 789
V. Railway, 1148
V. Salem, 1161
V. Wisconsin, 1154, 1165
Hamaker v. Coons, 1011
V. Schroers, 407, 415
Hambleton v. Veere, 91, 1276, 1277
Hambly v. Delaware, M. & V. R. R.,
615
Hambrick v. Wilkins, 760
Hamburg-Amer. S. Co. v. Baker, 1350
Hamburg Bank v. George, 516
Hamer v. Hathaway, 296, 317, 496, 517
V. Kirkwood, 293, 334
V. McFarlin, 451
V. Rigby, 330
Hamerlynck v. Banfield, 366
Hamill v. Foute, 834c
Hamill, The, 592
Hamilton v. Bark Kate Irving, 852
V. Cunningham, 811, 819
V. Cutts, 804, 956
«;. Des Moines & K. C. Ry., 932,
933
V. Freary, 991
V. Finnegan, 753
V. Ganyard, 313a, 734
V. Grangers' L. & H. Ins. Co., 1042
V. Great Falls St. Ry., 1360
V. Kirby, 734
V. Lau, 79, 82
V. Legrange, 341
V. Love, 633/, 666
V. McPherson, 212, 227
V. Magill, 162, 770
V. Marsh, 556
V. Maxwell, 682
V. Mayor, 35
V. Moore, 425
V. N. Y. El. R. R., 1182, 1201
V. Oil Co., 9999
2886 TABLE
[References
Hamilton v. Overton, 416
V. Phillips, 83o
V. Pittsburg, B. & L. E. R. R.,
1163, 1166, 1169
V. Pittsburgh, C. C. & S. L. Ry.,
485a
V. Smith, 48, 49, 458, 459
V. State, 685
V. Third Ave. R. R., 53 N. Y. 25;
383a, 864, 865
V. Third Avenue R. R., 35 N. Y.
Super Ct. 118; 367
V. Thirston, 673b
V. Van Rensselear, 325
V. Ward, 556
V. Western N. C. R. R., 164, 842
V. Woodworth Ry., 486
Hamilton, The, 597o
Hamilton College i;. Stewart, 6066
Hamilton County v. Rape, 1117
Hamilton Nat. Bank v. Halsted, 83a,
439A;
Hamlett v. Tallman, 3406
Hamlin v. Great Northern Ry., 42, 46o,
862, 863
V. Race, 665
Hammacher v. Wilson, 1222
Hammat v. Russ, 927
Hammatt v. Emerson, 1040, 1052
Hammer v. Breidenbach, 413
V. Caine, 4866
V. Nevill, 339a
V. Schoenfelder, 164, 740
Hammerslough v. Hackett, 956, 973
V. Kansas City B. L. & S. Assoc,
237
Hammersmith & C. Ry. v. Brand, 1090,
1098
Hammond v. Beeson, 615, 6476
V. Bussey, 146, 156, 157, 162, 238,
773
V. Hammond, 310
V. Hannin, 1006, 1011
V. Harvard, 1123
V. Port Royal & A. Ry., 932
■ V. Schiff, 67a
V. SoUiday, 101
V. Starr, 684
V. Sullivan, 363, 943
Hammond O. & D. Co. v. Feitel, 647c
OF CA^ES
are to sections]
Hamner v. GrifiSth, 645, 549
Hamond v. Holiday, 1038
Hamor v. Water Co., 1152
Hamory v. Pennsylvania, M. & S. R.
R., 263
Hampton v. Jones, 43^
V. Kansas City, 1140
». Speokenagle, 836
Hampton & B. R. R. v. Sizer, 235a, 540
Hampden Paint Co. v. Springfield, etc.,
R. R., 1151
Hampton Stave Co. v. Gardner, 1012
Hanauer v. Bartels, 317, 538
V. Woodruff, 278
Hance v. Burke, 55
Hanchett v. Gardner, 691a
V. Haas, 1363
Hancock v. Frankhn Ins. Co., 269
V. Gomez, 819
V. Hazzard, 692/
V. Hubbell, 98, 109
V. Stephens, 451
V. Western U. T. Co., 46a
Hand v. Armstrong, 326
V. Baynes, 844
V. Church, 314
Handforth v. Maynard, 936
Handley v. Chambers, 295, 1010
Handy v. Draper, 301o
V. Johnson, 42
Haney v. New York, 1348
V. Garton, 915
V. Gulf, C. & S. F. R. R., 1123
V. Marshall, 1018
V. Pinckney, 1306
Hanford v. Howard, 325
Hankey v. Philadelphia Co., 1142
Hankins v. 'Majors, 1028
Hanley v. Crowe, 302a
V. Sutherland, 1272
Hanlon v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1353
Hanly v. Davis, 497/
Hanmer v. Wilsey, 53, 56
Hanna v. Harter, 738
ti. International Petroleum Co.,
681o
V. Mills, 6226, 756
V. Phillips, 908
V. Sweeney, 359
Hannan v. Connett, 493a, 496
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
^88.7
Hanners v. McClelland, 451
Hannibal & 8. J. R. R. v. Martin, 47
V. Swift, 873
Hannibal Bridge Co. v. Schd,ubacher,
1168
Hannon v. O'Dell, 6916
Hano V. Simons, 762
Hanover F. I. Co. v. Brown, 725
V. Lewis, 23 Fla. 193; 1272
V. Lewis, 27 Fla. 219; 724
V. Lewis, 28 Fla. 209; 302
Hanover Nat. Bank «?. American D. &
T. Co., 76, 531o '
Hanover R. R. v. Coyle, 180, 482a
Hanover W. Co. v. Ashland I. Co.,
947
Hanrahan v. Pox, 1167
Hansard v. Menderson Clothing Co.,
667
Hansbrough v. Peck, 414, 659
Hanse v. New Orleans M. & F. I. Co.,
717
Hansen v. Erickson, 673/
Hanselman v. Kegel, 535
Hansen v. Gaar, 762
Hansford v. Payne, 5706
Hansley v. Jamesville & W. R. R., 859
Hanson v. Buckner, 965
V. European & N. A. R. R., 380,
1328
V. Fowle, 41, 47, 226/, 481
V. Johnson, 1339
V. Lawson, 1297
V. Urbana & C. E. S. Ry., 489, 1370
Hanson & Parker v. Wittenberg, 162
Hanson H. Keyes, The, 587, 588
Hanuu v. Williams, 665, 673/
Hany v. Great N. Ry., 868
Happy V. Prichard, 482, 483, 484
V. Prickett, 308a
Haralson v. Walker, 684
Harbison v. Vaughan, 334
Harbor Trustees v. Oswald, 1093
Hard v. Palmer, 302o
Hardaway-Wright Co. v. Bradley Bros.,
6476
Hardee v. Howard, 407
Hardeman v. Turner, 909o
V. Williams, 1369
Harder v. Harder, 950
Hardie-Tynes M^g- Co. v. Eastern C.
0. Co., 762
Hardie-Tynes F. & M. Co. v. Glen
Allen Oil Mill, 419
Hardiman v. Mayor, 6556
Hardin v. Carrico, 692a
V. Funk, 1148
V. Kennedy, 125a
V. Newell, 620
Harding v. Carter, 259, 817
V. Cowing, 270
V. Larkin, 238, 959, 981, 982, 983
V. New York, L. E. & W. R. R.,
481
V. Townshend, 67a
Hardwood Lumber Co. v. Adams, 226,
734
Hardy v. Bern, 675d
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 1359
V. Lancashire Ins. Co., 301
V. Nelson, 962, 982
V. Thomas, 1279
V. United States, 612
Hare v. Bedell, 1023
V. Fury, 913, 914
V. Grant, 802
V. Marsh, 385
V. Parkersburg, 752a
Harger v. Edmonds, 1043, 1293
V. Jenkins, 667
V. McMains, 374
Hargis v. Mayes, 688a
Hargous v. Ablon, 763
V. Lahens, 705
Hargrave ». Creighton, 275
Hargreaves v. Kimberly, 93, 1293
Hariston v. Sale, 674
Barker v. Burlington, C. R. & N. Ry.,
1354
V. Dement, 76
Harkins v. Pullman P. C. Co., 574o
Harlan v. Brown, 266
». Ely, 823
Harlan County v. Hogsett, 1151
HarlesB v. Southwest Mo. Electric Ry.,
43/
Harley v. Stapleton, 807
Harlow v. Marquette, H. & O. R. R.,
1109
V. Thomas, 967, 970, 975, 979
2888
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Harman v. Bannon, 1061
V. Cundiff, 360, 364, 377, 385, 445
». Harman, 917
V. Sanderson, 1060
Harmon v. Callahan, 226m
V. Collins, 689a
V. Harmon, 377, 1305
V. Goodrich, 78, 529
V. L. N. O. & T. R. R., 95
V. Old Colony R. R., 486
V. Omaha, 1123
Harmont v. Sullivan, 9996
Harmony v. Bingham, 419
Harness v. Steele, 462
Harnish v. Miles, 330
Harper v. Black Diamond Coal Co.,
1326
V. Columbus Factory, 1061
V. Detroit, 95, 1109
V. Dotson, 774, 1060
V. Ely, 301, 346
V. Lenoir, 1172a
V. Miller, 163
V. Ray, 674
Harper Furniture Co. v. Southern Ex-
press Co., 165
Harr v. Ward, 459
Harralson v. Stein, 734, 1059
Harrell v. HiU, 1128
Harrelson v. W. U. T. Co., 894d
Harreson v. Ely, 372
Harries v. Edmonds, 858
Harriman v. New Nonpareil Co., 1293
Harrington v. Bean, 962, 970
V. County Commissioners, 1160
V. Fall River Iron Works, 655c
V. Gies, 667
V. Glenn, 334
V. Hoggart, 31 le
V. Lee, 1050
V. Murphy, 968, 973, 980a
V. Snyder, 1063
V. Stratton, 1040, 1050
V. Stromberg-Mullins Co., 1257
V. Witherow, 1272 .
Harrington-Wiard Co. v. Blomstrom
Mfg. Co., 608
Harriott v. Plimpton, 130
Harris v. Clap, 301, 678
V. Cleghorn, 988a
Harris v. Columbia & L. Co., 164, 742
V. Delaware, L. & W. R. R., 506o
V. Eagle Fire Co., 710
V. Eldred, 58, 493a
V. Fargo, 157
V. Faris-Kesl Const. Co., 613
V. Gaspee F. & M. Co., 725
V. GosUn, 999ft
V. Grant, 497/
V. Great Western Ry., 851
f. Harris, 651
V. Jaffray, 1259
V. Jex, 3406
V. Kerr, 109
V. Louisville, N. O. & T. Ry., 1325
V. Mercur, 304
I). Miller, 416
V. Murfee, 549, 692t
V. Newell, 962
V. Packwood, 851
V. Panama Railroad, 58 N. Y. 660;
246
V. Panama R. R., 5 Bosw. 312; 846
V. Philadelphia, 1171
V. Puget Sound El. Ry., 1367
V. Rand, 841
V. Rodgers, 734, 737
V. Rupel, 1328
V. Scher, 1371
V. Schuylkill E. S. R. R., 1142,
1163, 1171
V. Smith, 535, 540
V. Snyder, 414
V. Theus, 426
V. Tumbridge, 828
V. Western Union Telegraph Co.,
876
V. Zanone, 377
Harris, In re, 598
Harris' Appeal, 257
Harris County v. Donaldson, 419
Harris Lumber Co. v. Morris, 368
Harris Manuf. Co. i;. Marsh, 753
Harrisburg v. Crangle, 1154a
Harrisburg, The, 570, 599
Harrisburg, C. & C. T. R. R. v. Cumber-
land County, inid
Harrisburg E. L. Co. v. Goodman, 535
Harrisburg S. & L. Assoc, v. United
States F. & G. Co., 692a
TABLE OF CASES
2889
, [References
Harrison v. Adamson, 932
V. Allen, 1325
V. Argyle Co., 1257
V. Berkeley, 1255
V. Brega, 66, 8186
V. Chappell, 536
V. Charlton, 5166, 631a
V. Clarke, 610
V. Ely, 357, 360
V. Glover, 1299
V. Handley, 310
V. Harrison, 508, 745
V. Ilgner, 539
V. Iowa, etc., R. R., 11656
V. Kiser, 932
B. McGehee, 495
V. Missouri P. Ry., 435
V. Pennsylvania Co., 865
V. Perea, 303
V. Redden, 170
V. Sutter St. R. R., 574a, 1367
V. Swift, 637a
V. Weir, 212
V. Western U. T. Co., 366
V. Wright, 678, 679
V. Young, 1171a
Harrison Co. v. Bjme, 655
Harrison Wire Co. v. Hall & W. H.
Co., 734, 735a
Harriss v. Sneeden, 109
Harrod v. Bissoti, 47
Harrodsburg Water Co. v. Harrods-
burg, 312
Harrow v. Ryan, 691a
Harrow School v. Alderton, 100, 950
Harrow Spring Co. v. Whipple Harrow
Co., 742
Hart V. Blake, 55
V. Blum, 494c
V. Brand, 340
V. Brown, 930o
V. Cascade Timber Co., 1348
V. Charlotte, C. & A. R. R., 368,
380, 483
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 933
V. Direct U. S. C. Co., 897
V. Dorman, 339a
«;. Evans, 1261
V. Georgia R. R., 170
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1270
are to sections]
Hart V. Miller, 228?
V. National M. A. Assoc, 732
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 851
V. Skinner, 4945
V. Spalding, 844
V. Tobias, 531a
V. Wabash S. R. R., 95
V. Western U. T. Co., 891
Haxten v. Loeffler, 1012
Harter v. Whitebread, 448
Hartford v. Franey, 692e
Hartford, The, v. Rideout, 588
Hartford & Salisbury Ore Co. v. Miller,
966, 977
Hartford Deposit Co. v. Calkins, 2146
Hartford F. I. Co. v. Cannon, 722
V. Landfare, 724
V. Peebles Hotel Co., 723
Hartford I. M. Co. v. Cambria Min.
Co., 935
Hartford Ins. Co. v. Haas, 725
Hartford L. I. Co. v. Hope, 386
Hartford Mill Co. v. Hartford T. W.
Co., 644
Hartland v. General Exchange Bank,
207, 666, 834c
Hartley v. Herring, 443
Hartley State Bank v. McCorkell, 537
Hartman v. Dobar, 1299
V. Morning Journal Assoc, 1335
V. Pittsburgh Incline Co., 171a
V. Rogers, 671, 674
V. TuUy P. L. Co., 924, 924o
Hartman's Estate, In re, 312
. Hartmann v. Burtis, 682o
V. Hoffman, 682
Hartnett v. Baker, 618
Hartpence v. Rodgers, 480o, 1338
Harts V. Wendell, 689a, 691a
Hartsell v. Masterson, 667
Hartshorn v. Burlington, C. R. & N.
R. R., 331o, 1148, 1154
V. Bjrme, 311
ti. Chaddock, 932, 939
V. Cleveland, 979, 980
V. Worcester, 1119
Hartsock v. Mort, 1007
Hartwell v. Young, 6736
Hartz V. St. Paul & S. C. R. R., 924,
924o, 947
2890
TABLE OF CASES
Hartzell v. Crumb, 1012
Harvard v. Grouch, 1141
Harvery u. Terre H. & I. R. R., 851
Harvey v. Baldwin, 695
V. Connecticut & P. R. R. R., 162,
842, 843
V. Detroit F. & M. I. Co., 711
V. Georgia, S. & F. R. R., 65
V. Grand Trunk Ry., 842
V. Hamilton, 312
V. Lackawanna, etc., R. R., 1142
V. Mason, C. & F. D. R. R., 95, 99,
109
V. Morse, 497&
B. News Pub. Co., 1347
V. Sides, 932
V. Snow, 902
V. Thomas, 930
V. Turner, 820
V. United States, 610, 614
Harwood v. Bloomington, 1138
V. Lee, 109, 968
V. Tappan, 645
Hasbrouck v. Tappen, 400, 417
V. Winkler, 83
Hase V. Seattle, 1360
Haselmeyer v. McLellan, 1328, 1330
Haskell v. Bartlett, 331o
V. Brown, 1070
V. Hunter, 734
V. McHenry, 763
V. Mitchell, 1296
Haskell Comity Bank v. Bank of Santa
Fe, 88
Haskins v. Rhode Island Co., 1347
V. Scott, 618
Haslam v. Galena & S. W. R. R., 1149
Hass V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 1367
Hassam v. Safford, 934
Hassard-Shord v. Hardison, 734
Hasselbusch v. Mohmking, 974
Hassell v. Long, 692d
V. Nutt, 669
Hastay v. Bonness, 504, 934
Hastie v. De Peyster, 304
Hastings v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry.,
942
». Crunckleton, 950
V. Johnson, 334
V. Stetson, 47, 450
[References are to sections]
Hastings v. Westchester Fire Ins. Co.,
302
V. Wiswall, 343, 345
V. Farmers' & M. B., 305
Hatch V. Cincinnati, etc., R. R., 1155,
1166
V. Fuller, 47, 86c, 473
V. Luckman, 937
V. Vt. Central R. R., 35, 1108,
1115
Hatchell v. Kimbrough, 135, 927
Hatcher ». Andres, 973
V. Kelly, 343
Hatcher v- Pelham, 493
Hatchett v. Gibson, 1066
Hatfield v. Central R. R., 42, 947, 948,
1195
». Holloway, 12866
V. Lasher, 448d
V. St. Paul & D. R. R., 1309
Hathaway v. Lynn, 411
V. Osborne, 121d
Hatheway v. CUff, 687
V. F. R. Nat. Bank, 80
Hathome v Stinson, 99
Hatry v. Painesville, etc., R. R., 1154c
Hatt V. Evening News Assoc, 377
Hatterman v. Thorupson, 294
Hattin v. Chapman, 637, 639
Haubner v. Milwaukee, 1110
Haufler v. PubUc Service Ry., 1216
Hauk V. Brownell, 777
Hauptman v. Catlin, 650
Hauralian v. Mayor of Baltimore, 932
Hauxhurst v. Hovey, 301, 305
Havana, R. & E. R. R. v. Walsh, 1328
Havemeyer v. Cminingham, 222, 741
Havemeyer v. Havemeyer, 43 N. Y.
Super. Ct. 506; 632
V. Havemeyer, 45 N. Y. Super.
Ct. 564; 200
V. Paul, 331
Haven v. Beidler Mfg. Co., 109
V. Foster, 306
V. Grand Junction R. R., 3016, 304
V. Wakefield, 167, 645, 984, 984a
Haverner, The, 694
Havens v. Hartford & N. H. R. R. R.,
107a, 1272
V. Lathene, 692/
T'ABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2891
tlaverly v. Elliott, 559&, 691(f
V. R. R., lUd
Haverstick v. Erie Gas Co., 229
Havilah, The, 589, 592
Haviland v. Chase, 358
V. Parker, 226c, 435, 435a
Hawes v. Knowles, 41, 358
V. O'Rdelly, 482
V. Wooicock, 273
Hawk V. American News Co., 448a
V. Anderson, 1258
V. Pine L. Co., 614
V. Ridgway, 42, 387
Hawkins v. Citizens' Investment Co.,
302
V. Coulthurst, 603, 623
V. Deitz, 2,126
V. Front St. Cable Ry., 44, 486
V. Gilbert, 656, 659
V. Globe Printing Co., 448d
V. Hersey, 497(7
V. Hoffman, 873
V. Kansas City H. P. B. Co., 493a
V. Kemp, 1023
V. King, 909a
V. L., etc., Assoc, 339a
V. Merritt, 1007, 1012a
V. Minor, 305, 340c
V. Mitchell, 338
V. Potter, 979
V. Ridenhour, 334
V. Sciet, 349
Hawkinson v. Olson, 704
Hawley v. Barker, 335
V. Belden, 618
V. Corey, 607
V. Dawson, 312
V. Forsheim, 645
V. Tesch, 341
V. Warner, 78, 691a, 6916
Hawman v. McLean, 1027
Hawn V. Banghart, 50, 477
Haws V. Stanford, 449
Hawthorne v. McArthur, 685d
V. Siegel, 71, 127a, 189, 226ff, 927,
9906, 1304
Hawyer v. Bell, 254a
Hay V. Cohoes Co., 33, 1111
V. Commonwealth, 1151
V. LeNeve, 588
Hay V. Reidj 448c
V. Short, 1049
V. Williams, 742a
Haycraft v. Creasy, 100
Haycroft v. Walden, 768
Hayden v. Albee, 86a
V. Anderson, 77, 531a, 6916
V. Bartlett, 317, 493
i;. Demets, 753
V. Florence Sewing Machine Co.,
188, 1330
V. Hefferan, 334
V. Madison, 656
Hayes v. Atlanta, 1169
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 64 la.
753; 331a
V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 131
Wis, 399; 1367
V. Cooley, 119, 151
V. Gross, 655c
V. Massachusetts L. I. Co., 257, 259
V. Moynihan, 991
V. O'Reilly, 483
V. Ottawa, Oswego & F. R. V. R.
R., 1130
V. Phelan, 1248
V. Porter, 543
V. Seaver, 802
t). Sease, 487a
V. Tibbits, 4Md
V. Wabash R. R., 169a
V. WeUs, Fargo & Co., 844
Haymond v. Saucer, 640a
Hayner v. Cowden, 360, 384a, 385, 445
Haynes v. Connelly, 107a
V. Duluth, 1148
V. Harper, 1052
t>. Knowles, 467
V. Leland, 44Sd
V. Maine Cent. R. R., 1359
V. Sinclair, 472
V. Stevens, 982, 983
V. Tenney, 667, 684
V. WatendUe & O. St. Ry., 485,
1306
V. Worthington, 999e
Hays V. Askew, 363
V. Borders, 469
V. Creary, 47, 461, 462
V. Crist, 937
2892
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to Bections]
Hays V. H. G. N. R. R., 380
,j. Riddle, 76, 78
V. South Easton, 1142
V. Wilkinsburg & E. P. S. Ry., 619
V. Williams, 311
V. Wilstach, 688a
V. Windsor, 540
Haysler v. Owen, 644, 657, 1066, 1067
Hayter v. Moat, 1277
Haythorn v. Lawson, 443
Hayward v. Cain, 67a, 345
V. Ellis, Slid
V. Leonard, 650, 657
V. Newton, 1368
Haywood v. Bering Coal Co., 1347
V. Foster, 448c
V. Hamm, 378
Hayworth v. Haldeman, 667
Haxton v. Kansas City, 86c
Hazard v. Durant, 311a, 3116
V. Israel, 351, 378
V. New England M. I. Co., 718
Hazard Powder Co. v. Volger, 486a
Hazelet v. Holt County, 305
Hazelett v. Woodruff, 982, 983
Hazelrig v. Hutson, 1016
Hazeltine v. Mosher, 934a
Hazelton v. Carolus, 257
V. Valentine, 796
Hazen v. Casey, 85c
V. Lyndonville Bank, 1256(2
Hazelton v. Week, 363, 929o
Hazlip V. Austin, 647c
Hazzard v. Duke, 294
Head v. Georgia P. Ry., 46, 47, 865
V. Green, 776
V. Levy, 103
V. Porter, 1230a
Heald v. Hendy, 310
Healdsburg v. Mulligan, 692/
Healey v. Ballentine, 486
Healy v. Fallon, 3146
V. Hoy, 1367
V. Hutchinson, 4975, 567, 684
V. Newton, 688
V. Protection M. F. I. Co., 334
Heard v. Bowers, 413
V. Hicks, 691c
V. Holman, 196, 592, 593
V. James, 503, 534
Heard v. Lodge, 802
V. Middlesex Canal, 1147
Heame v. De Young, 382
V. Keath, 807a
Heam v. McDonald, 935a
Heartt v. Kruger, 822
V. Rhodes, 339a
Heartz v. Klinkhammer, 363a
Heaston v. Colgrove, 1046
Heater v. Pearce, 109
V. R. R., 486c
Heath v. Gay, 302a
V. Haile, 73
V. Lent, 565(i, 682
V. Postal T. C. Co., 208a
V. Wells, 962
Heaton v. Timmons, 975
V. Wright, 451
Heaton B. F. Co. v. Macdonald, 1237
Heatwole v. Gorrell, 413, 415
Heaver v. Lanahan, 636c
Heavilon v. Kramer, 205
Hebb V. Welch, 643
Hebe, The, 597a
Hebert v. Kingston Lumber Co., 1356
V. Weil, 419
Hebner v. Sun Ins. Co., 712a
Hecht V. Brandus, 667
V. Harrison, 109
V. Metzler, 53, 1027
Heck V. Bulkley, 685i
V. International S. P. Co., 1354
V. Shener, 1031
Heckmann v. Pinkney, 425
Heckscher v. M'Crea, 211, 858, 1024,
1034
Hecla Powder Co. v. Sigua Iron Co., 148
Hedden v. Griffin, 439c
Heddles v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 47,
484, 1356
Hedger v. Union Ins. Co., 722
Hedges v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1347
V. West Shore R. R., 1151, 1152
Hedin v. Minneapolis, M. & S. Inst.,
440
Heer v. Warren-Scharf Asphalt Paving
Co., 181, 1355
Heermance v. James, 48
Hefferlin v. Karlman, 310
Heffron v. Brown, 671
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2893
Heffron v. Gage, 334
Hefley v. Baker, 361, 364, 365, 368, 373
Hefford v. Alger, 678
Hefner v. Hesse, 685?
Hege V. Newsom, 762
Heger v. De Groat, 307, 919, 920
Heiberger v. Missoxiri & Kansas Tel.
Co., 1347
Heidelbaugh v. People's Ry., 483, 484,
485
Heidenheimer v. Ellis, 295, 308
Heidiman-Benoist Saddlery Co. v.
Schott, 531
Heidt V. Minor, 692a, 692?
Heilbron v. St. Louis S. W. Ry., 95,
924a, 1123
Heilbroner v. Douglass, 516c
V. Hancock, 222, 858
Heilmen v. Pruyn, 768
Heim v. Wolf, 667
Heiman v. Schroeder, 302
Heimburg v. Ismay, 1011
Heimsworth v. Anderson, 226/
Heine v. Meyer, 655c
Heinel v. People's Ry., 482, 484, 485
Heinemann v. Heard, 740, 825
Heines v. Kiehl, 762
HeinmuUer v. Abbott, 495
Heinrich v. St. Louis, 1149
Heintz v. Caldwell, 484
Heinz v. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 1367
V. Roberts, 426
Heim v. M'Caughan, 372, 862, 868
Heiser v. Mears, 636c, 758
V. Loomis, 1269
Heisler v. Heisler, 1338
Heiss V. Milwaukee & L. W. R. R., 1115
Heissler v. Stose, 307
Helberg v. Nichol, 824a
Helbling v. Alle^eny Cemetery Co.,
942
Helbum v. Mofford, 999c
Helena v. Brule, 685, 685j
Helena Gas Co. v. Rodgers, 573a
Helfrich v. Meyer, 682a, 683
Helland v. Bridenstine, 358
Hellen v. Ardley, 678
t>. Metropolitan R. R., 334
Heller v. Alvarado, 332
V. Meis, 695
Hellman v. Merz, 302a
V. Spielman, 548
Helm V. Anchor F. I. Co., 1326
V. Gridley, 556
Helmer v. Colorado, S. N. O. & P. R.
R., 1123
Helmkampf v. Wood, 685j, 685ra
Helms V. Western U. T. Co., 894c
Helton V. Alabama Midland R. R., 485a
V. Asher, 970
Helvenstein v. Higgason, 973
Heman v. Compton HUl Imp. Co., 660,
662
Hemenway v. Washington W. P. Co.,
1353
Hemmenway v. Fisher, 597a, 698
Hemminger v. Western Assur. Co.,
6556
Hemmingway Manuf. Co. v. Council
Bluffs Canning Co., 752
Hempstead v. Des Moines, 52 la. 303;
11120
V. Des Moines, 63 la. 36; 95
V. New York C. R. R., 846
Hempsted v. Cargill, 1151
Hencke v. Johnson, 973
Henckler v. County Court, 692i
Henckley v. Hendrickson,- 750
Henderhen v. Cook, 673a
Henderson v. Bank of Hamilton, 153a
V. Cansler, 410
V. Chaires, 921
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 1334
V. Clayton, 1347
V. Coleman, 927, 930
V. Coover, 692fc
V. Davenport, 901
V. Davis, 310
V. Desham, 326
V. Fox, 447, 1327
V. Hamilton, 345
V. Henderson, 979
V. HoUind, 515
V. Jennings, 750
V. Laurens, 345
V. Lexington, 1149, 1169
V. McClain, 1123, 1138«
V. McGuder, 1337
V. McReynolds, 1369, 1370
V. Maid of Orleans, 852
2894
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Henderson v. Minneapolis, 1108
V. Murphree, 415
V. Nichols, 408
V. New York C. R. R., 95, 1146,
1154, 1185, 1190
V. O'Haloran, 120
V. Reeves, 695a
V. Sevey, 240
V. Squire, 240, 999^
V. Stiles, 674
V. Sun M. I. Co., 723
V. Weidman, 436
V. Western M. & F. Ins. Co., 722
V. White, 1363
V. Winstead, 1138o
Henderson & Nashville R. R. v. Dick-
erson, 1138o
Henderson-Boyd Lumber Co. v. Cook,
412
Henderson B. R. R. v. Dechamp, 1165
Henderson City Ry. v. Lockett, 368
Henderson Cotton Mfg. Co. ». Lowell
Mach. Shops, 308, 310
Handle v. Geiler, 482, 484, 487a
Hendler v. Quigley, 377a
Hendricks v. Evans, 499
V. Fowler, 490
V. Franklin, 700
V. Spring VaUej^ M. & I. Co., 935
V. Western U. T. Co., 876
Hendrickson v. Anderson, 206, 667
V. Dwyer, 59
V. Kingsbury, 372, 386
Hendrie v. Neelon, 246, 739
Hendrk v. Jefferson Co. Sav. Bk., 6336
Hendry v. Irvine, 735c
V. Squier, 993
Heneky v. Smith, 360
Henn v. Horn, 383, 448o
Hennepin County v. Jones, 692/
Hennessy v. Metzger, 419
Kennies v. Vogel, 1326
Henning v. Van Hook, 1039
V. Van Tyne, 335
V. Western U. T. Co., 379
V. Withers, 959
Hennion o. Jacobus, 301c
Henry v. Davis, 229, 410, 687
V. Dubuque R. R., 1148, 1167
V. Ferguson, 6916
Henry v. Flagg, 345
V. Hand, 803
V. Hobbs, 156, 762
V. Klopfer, 486a
ti. Mitchell, 131
V. North American R. C. Co., 257
V. Norwood, 451
V. Pittsburgh & A. Bridge Co.,
1108
V. Prendergast, 579
V. Risk, 310
V. Roe, 302a
V. Rutland & B. R. R., 673e
V. Sioux City & P. Ry., 1355
V. Thompson, 331
V. Ward, 334
Henry Buck, The, 432o, 438
Henry Hall Sons Co. v. Sundatrom &
Stratton Co., 932
Hensen v. Beebe, 608
Henshaw v. Bsink 6f Bellows Falls, 497
Hensley v. Orendorff, 531, 1298
Henson v. Taylor, 363a
Hentig v. Collins, 688a
V. Reddin, 909a, 915
Hentz V. Long Island R. R., 1182, 1185
V. Mt. Vernon, 1334
Hepburn v. Griswold, 269
V. Dunlop, 3016
V. Sewell, 317, 533
Hepp V. Ducros, 325
Heppe V. Johnson, 692e
Herbener v. Crossan, 458, 459
Herberger v. Orr, 416
Herbert v. Easton, 278
V. Ford, 1062
V. Hardenbergh, 1259
V. Hillman, 1006
v. Rainey, 932
V. S. & Y. Ry., 331
V. Stanford, 613
Herbst v. The Asiatic Prince, 599a
Hercules, The, 590
Hercules Iron Works v. Elgin J. & E.
Ry., 1171
Herd v. Thompson, 627o, 753
Herdie v. Young, 375, 534, 933
Herefordshire Banking Co., In re, 302a
Herfort v. Cramer, 777, 1027
Hergcrt v. Union Ry., 1270o
TABLE OF CASES
IReferences are to Sections]
2895
Herkimer Man. & H. Co. v. Small, 627
Herman v. Drinkwater, 1288
Hermann v. Allen, 685c, 12866
Hermann, The, 593
Herndon v. Harrisson, 966
V. Venable, 1012a
Hernsheim v. Newport, N. & M. V. Co.,
119
Herold v. Manhattan R. R., 1208
Heron v. Hartford Ins. Co., 722
Herpolsheimer v. Christopher, 984
Herreshoff v. Tripp, 363a, 364, 914, 920
Herrick v. Moore, 973
V. Wixom, 1303
Herrin & S. R. R. v. Nolte, 1167
Herring v. Armwood, 133, 164
V. Chesapeake & W. Ry., Il9
«. Gage, 1236, 1245
V. Jester, 473, 475
V. Metropolitan Bd. of Wks., 1093
V. Pollard, 1012o
V. Skaggs, 762, 766
V. Tomlin, 607
Herriter v. Porter, 856
Herrman v. East St. Louis, 1130
Herron v. De Bard, 973
y. Jones & Laughlin Co., 932
V. Western U. T. Co., 888
Hersey v. Fosdick, 311/
V. Ins. Co., 1301
V. Walsh, 256
Hersh v. Ringwalt, iiSd
Hershey v. Hershey, 345
Hertzog v. Hertzog, 959, 1006, 1020
V. Ins. Co., 725
Hespen v. Union Pac. R. R., 435, 1296
Hess V. Sparks, 364, 377
Hess' Estate, 311c
Hesse v. Colmnbus, S. & H. B. Co.,
180a
V. Imperial E. L. H. & P. Co.,1266
Hessing v. McClosky, 565
Hester v. Knox, 228
Hetzel V. Baltimore & O. R. R., 170a,
331o
Hewes v. Germania Fruit Co., 312, 753,
755
Hewett », Chadwick, 324o
Hewins v, London Assur. Corp., 723o,
724
Hewitt V. John Week Lumber Co., 3146,
315
V. Miller, 763
I). Pennsylvania R. R., 486a
V. Pioneer-Press Co., 448c
V. Pittsburg, etc., R. R., 1142
Hewlett V. Ragsdale, 461, 462, 463, 464
Hewson-Herzog Supply Co. v. Minne-
sota Brick Co., 734
Hexter v. Knox, 63 N. Y. 561; 167, 186,
209, 645, 991, 992
V. Knox, 39 N. Y. Super. Ct. 109;
984
Hey V. Collman, 948
V. Hawkins, 438
t>. Wyche, 999i
Heydon & Smith's Case, 76
Heyer v. Carr, 431
V. Cunningham Piano Co., 667
Heyman v. Landers, 685{r, 696
Heyn v. Philips, 834a
Heyheinan v. Blake, 1112a
Heynes v. Dixon, 678
Heys V. Tmdall, 829
Heyward v. Cuthbert, 921
«. 'Mayor, etc., of N. Y., 1187
Heywood v. Hartshorn, 3406
V. Heywood, 279c, 999o
Hibbard ». Clark, 1031
V. Foster, 75
V. McKindley, 685
V. Stewart, 55
t>. W.U.Tel. Co., 109,888
Hibbert v. Bayley, 832
Hibemia B. & T. Co. v. Smith, 981
Hibert v. Lang, 1031
Hickam v. Hickam, 673c
Hickey v. Baird, 109
V. Brinkley 426
V. Welch, 43i, 1266, 226/, 363a
Hickhorn v. Bradley, 193a
Hickman «. City of Kansas, 1140
V. Haynes, 737, 763
Hickok V. Adattis Co., 166
ti. Buck, 78
I). W. E. Adams Co., 642
Hicks V. Blakeman, 917
V. Deemer, 439a
V. Foster, 233, 234, 444
V. McBride, 689a
2896
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Hicks V. Mareco, 288
V. N. A. & H. R. R., 67a
V. Swift Creek M. Co., 363a, 930
Hidden v. Jordan, 3406
Hiedenheimer v. Johnson, 303
Higgins V. Breen, 665
V. Dublin, 1104
V. Lee, 1067
V. Los Angeles G. & B. Co., 932
V. L. N. O. & T. R. R., 360, 372,
1342
V. Mansfield, 680
V. New York, L. E. & W. R. R., 939
V. Sargent, 287, 288
V. Whitney, 60
Higginson v. Air, 340c
V. Weld, 407, 413, 842
High V. Berret, 778
High Bridge Lumber Co. v. United
States, 1110, 1116
Highes V. Wickcliffe, 678
Highland A. & B. R. R. v. Matthews,
95, 947
V. Robinson, 380
Highley v. First Nat. Bank, 333
Highway Commissioners v. Sangamon,
1154
Hignett v. Norridgewock, 1347
Hilboume v. County of Suffolk, 1147
Hilbrant v. Simmons, 451
Hildebrand v. American Fine Art Co.,
673/
V. Standard Biscuit Co., 576
Hildreth v. Fitts, 1298, 1302
V. Hancock, 388
V. Western U. T. Co., 8815
Hile V. Davison, 973
Hilfrich v. Meyer, 361
Hill V. Bishop, 1070
V. Boston, H. T. & W. R. R., 851
n. Butler, 956, 973
V. Canfield, 493a, 499
V. Carr, 679
V. Chipman, 6365, 734
V. Cooper, 908
V. Durand, 339a
V. Featherstonhaugh, 1038
V. Fitzgerald, 569
V. Forkner, 109
V. Gleiiwood, 1347
HiU V. Golden, 976
V. Goodchild, 1279
V. Hooper, 6736
V. Hunt, 303
V. Kimball, i3h, 43i
V. Larro, 76
V. Leigh, 618
V. Loomis, 60
V. Maupin, 637, 639
V. McKay, 739, 753
V. Meyers, 914
V. Montgomery, 372
». Mudd, 431
V. N. O. O. & G. W. R. R., 380
V. Packard, 834
V. Parsons, 156
V. Place, 3405
V. Smith, 32 Vt. 433; 519, 746
V. Smith, 34 Vt. 535; 734
V. South Staffordshire Ry., 289
V. Starin, 1356
V. Thomas, 685A, 685A;
V. Turner, 556
V. Union Ry., 1369
V. Winsor, 121d, 139
Hillebrant v. Brewer, 493
Hillerbrand v. May Mercantile Co.,
1353
Hillhouse v. Mix, 83
Hilliard, In re, 3116
Billiard Flume Co. d. Woods, 515
Hillman v. Baumbach, 383c, 910, 929a
». Edwards, 565a
Hills V. Home Ins. Co., 1302
Hillyard v. Crabtree, 657, 660, 662
Hilsdale C. & C. Co. v. Pa. R. R.,
143
Hilton V. Jesup Banking Co., 171o
V. St. Louis, 331a
V. State, 335
V. Sylvania & G. R. R., 493
V. Woods, 501, 935
Hilton & D. L. Co. v. Ingram, 1348
Himely v. Rose. 336
Himes v. Pittsburg, 1142
Himmelman v. Oliver, 331a
Hinchchffe v. Koontz, 667
Hinchey v. Koch, 531, 533, 536
Hinckley v. Beckwith, 186, 190, 226ff,
228, 319, 992
Table of cases
2897
[References
Hinckley v. Kreita, 688
V. Pittsburg B. S. Co., 608, 613,
617, 636o, 636/, 752
V. West, 676
Hinde v. Liddell, 161, 208a, 226^, 434
V. Smith, 822
Hindman v. First Nat. Bank, 778
Hine v. New York EI. R. R., 1154a
Hiner v. Richter, 1016, 1028
. Hines v. Shumaker, 1335
Hindry v. The Priscilla, 599c
Hinds V. Barton, 318
V. Hinds, 692j
Hingham v. United States, 1179a
Hink V. Sherman, 358
Hinkle v. Davenport, 446, 451
V. Holmes, 688a
Hinkson v. Morrison, 691
Hinman v. Borden, 556
V. Goodyeat, 324a
V. Heyderstadt, 934, 937
V. Judson, 82 .
Hinrichs v. New Orleans, 999<i
Hinsdell v. Weed, 1067
Hinsman v. N. Y. Mutual Ins. Co., 841
Hinson v. Hampton, 673/
V. Smith, 226/, 506o
Hinton v. Eastern Ry., 1334
V. Sparkes, 414
Hintz V. Crauper, 445
Hiort V. London & N. W. Ry., 494o
Hire p. Kinsley, 1148
Hiroux w. Baum, 1347, 1354
Hirsch v. Feeney, 460
Hirschkovitz v. Pennsylvania R. R.,
1367
Hirsh V. Press Pub. Co., 618
Hirt ». Hahn, 618, 644
Hirth V. Indianapolis, 1108
Hise V. Western U. T. Co., 883
Hiscock V. Fulton, 301c
Hisler ». Carr, 633
Hitchcock V. Anthony, 182, 1936
V. Bank, 819
V. Harrington, 921
V. Hunt, 2126, 764
V. Libby, 934
V. Supreme Tent of Knights of
Maccabees, 633
Hitchins v. Frostburg, 1110
182
are to sectionsj
Hitchens v. Hitchens, 921
V. Sussex School Dist., 665
Hitchings v. Maryville, 1270, 1270o
Hitchner v. Ehlers, 1251
Hitchman V. Whitney, 472
Hitchner v. Ehlers, 36a
Hitson V. Hurt, 171
Hitt V. Allen, 293
Hively V. Webster County, 1367
Hixon V. Cupp, 681a, 692
t). Hixon, 276, 281, 424a, 635
Hixt's Case, 19, 394, 605
Hlubek V. Pinske, 459
Hoadley v. International Paper Co.,
577
V. Northern T. Co., 119, 139
V. Watson, 234, 366
Hoag V. M'Ginnis, 401
Hoagland v. Forest Park Highlands
Amusement Co., 361
V. Moore, 660
V. Schenck, 301c
V. Segur, 301, 418
Hoard v. Des Moines, 1108
V. Gamer, 814, 819
Hoare v. Allen, 340c
Hoback v. Kilgores, 1018
Hobart v. Penny, 695
Hobart Lee Tie Co. v. Keck, 1348
Hobbs V. Bland, 762
V. Davis, 121d
V. London & S. W. Ry., 30, 42, 46a,
146, 150, 859, 867
V. Middleton, 681a
V. Riddick, 1039
Hobit V. Bloomington, 337
Hoblins v. Kimble, 1258
Hoblit V. Bloomington, 179
Hoboken Printing, etc., Co. v. Kahn,
451
Hobson V. Lord, 717
V. Philadelphia, 1120
V. Thelluson, 547
V. Trevor, 675c
Hochhalter «. Manhattan R. R., 1194
Hochfiter v. De La Tour, 213, 636d, 754
Hockerslnith v. Hanley, 162, 739
Hocking v. Hamilton, 636d
Li. Windsor Spring Co., 1359
Hocutt V. W. U. Tel. Co., 212a
2898
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
,947
,982
Hodd V. Tacoma, 1306, 1363
Hodgdon v. Hodgdon, 334
Hodge V. Quiry, 311/
V. Shaw, 93
Hodges V. Fries, 185, 984, 984a
V. Hodges, 304
V. Holeman, 302a
V. King, 423
V. Litchfield, 1017
V. Parker, 310a
V. Phinney, 921
V. Pine Product Co.,
V. Thayer, 966
V. Wilkinson, 774
Hodgins v. Hodgins, 959,
Hodgkins v. Dunham, 766
V. Moulton, 1040, 1046
V. Price, 307, 909, 909a, 987
V. Robson, 999(i
Hodgson V. Bell, 786, 789
V. Millward, 364
V. Sidney, 439
V. Wood, 789
HodsoU V. Stallebrass, 86c
V. Goodale, 246, 496
Hoe V. Sanborn, 762, 1040
Hoefler v. McGlinchy, 3016
Hoehle v. Allegheny Heating Co., 133
Hoertz v. Marrett, 973
Hoey V. Felton, 129, 200
Hoff V. Baum, 999e
Hoffeditz v. Railroad, 1110
Hoffman v. JEtna, Ins. Co., 722
V. Bloomsburg & S. R. R., 1149
V. Bosch, 959, 983
V. Delaware, L. & W. R. R., 205
V. Insurance Co., 726
V. King, 11 Id
V. Kirby, 976
V. Mill Creek Coal Co., 92ia, 932
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
1367
V. Northern Pac. R. R., 865
V. Rib Lake Lumber Co., 1355
V. Union Ferry Co., 226b, 589
V. Western M. & F. I. Co., 722
Hofnagle- v. New York C. & H. R. R.
R., 126d
Hogau V. Atlantic Elevator Co., 492&
V. Cregan, 473, 476
Hogan V. Kellum, 58, 545
V. Shuart, 762
V. Thorington, 772
V. Titlow, 673/
Hoge V. Norton, 198, 682
Hogg V. Cardwell, 777, 1060
V. Emerson, 1216, 1228
V. Hensley, 921
V. Pinckney, 98
V. Zanesville Canal, etc., Co., 295,
316
Hogle V. New York Central & H. R.
R. R., 214
Hohenthal v. Watson, 531
Hohmanv. Chicago, 1121, 1169
Hohorst V. Hamburg-American Packet
Co., 1215
Hoit V. Stratton Mills, 929
Hoitt V. Holcombe, 805
Holaman v. Marsh, 1042
Holbrook v. Griffis, 947
V. Sims, 325
V. Tobey, 418
V. Young, 1057
Holbum V. Neal, 1326
Holcomb V. Norman, 485
V. Rawlyns, 911, 924, 931
V. Wyckoff, 695
Holden v. Freeman's Sav. & Tr. Co.,
327
V. Lake Co., 182, 941
i;. New York C. R. R., 303, 854
V. Peace, 310a
V. Rutland R. R., 859
Holdfast V. Shepard, 75
HoUhan v. City of New York, 337
Holister v. Union Co., 1108
Holland v. Brooks, 1328
V. Brown, 673, 573a, 588
V. Makepeace, 798
ti. San Antonio, 926
V. Seven Hundred, etc.. Tons of
Coal, 856
V. Worley, 253
Holland Torpedo Boat Co. v. Nixon,
425
HoUenback v. Dingwell, 224
HoUenbeck v. Berkshire R. R., 570&
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1356
V. Johnson, 119
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2899
Holler V. Western U. T. Co., 894c
HoUeran v. Bagnell, 573
HoUerbach & M. C. Co. v. Wilkins, 617
Holies V. Carr, 679
Holley V. Mix, 1279
V. Torrington, 1112a, 1163
Holliday v. Cohen, 682
V. Marshall, 312, 314o, 999
Hollingsworth v. Atkins, 564
V. Des Moines & St. L. Ry., 1155
V. Detroit, 346
V. Funkhouser, 915, 917
V. Mexia, 961
HoUins V. Gorham, 1345
HoUinshead v. Mactier, 655
V. Von Glahn, 324a
HoUinshed v. Yazoo & M. V. R. R,, 484
Hollis V. Chapman, 655c
V. Western U. T. Co., 885
HoUister v. Donahoe, 319
V. Ruddy, 363
HoUman v. Creagmiles, 968, 979
Holloway v. Griffith, 641c, 658
V. Holloway, 685j
V. Miller, 979
V. Talbot, 665
V. Turner, 226c, 436
Holly V. Floumoy, 527
Holm V. Jamieson, 789
Holmes v. Balcom, 241a
V. Boydston, 762
V. Carolina C. R. R., 222
V. Davis, 71
». Dring, 286
V. Fuller, 226m
V. Goodwin, 533
V. Halde, 180
V. Holmes, 64 111. 294; 385
V. Holmes, 12 Barb. 137; 416
t>. Jones, 121N. Y. 461;377
V. Jones, 147 N. Y. 59; 451
V. Jones, 69 Hun, 346; 1327, 1335
V. Langston, 531a, 6916
V. Misroon, 310
V. Rankin, 313
V. Rhodes, 786
V. Seaman, 959, 965
V. Seely, 924, 931
V. Sinniekson, 982
V. Standard Oil Co.. 678
Holmes v. Stummel, 655
V. Truman, 1237
V. Weaver, 237, 685j
V. Weed, 804
V. Wilson, 91, 949
Holt V. Hayes, 934
V. Howard, 310
V. Sargent, 932
V. Spokane & P. Ry., 572
V. United S. L. I. & T. Co., 613,
616
V. Van Eps, 375
Holt Mfg. Co. V. Thornton, 170a
Holter Lumber Co. v. Fireman's F. I.
Co., 722
Holthaus V. Hart, 682a
Holton V. Butler, 1167
V. Daly, 573a
V. Hicks, 486
V. Taylor, 565a
Holtzman v. Franklin Ins. Co., 723a
Holyoke v. Grand T. Ry., 47, 485
Holzworth V. Koch, 1059
Hoke E. P. Co. v. Schraubstadter, 1237
Homan v. Franklin Co., 181
Homans v. Boston E. Ry., 43d, 43i
Home F. Ins. Co. v. Fitch, 331
Home Ins. Co. v. Adler, 302, 726
V. Baltimore Warehouse Co., 69,
725
V. Gibson, 725
V. Koob, 726
V. Myer, 301
V. Patterson, 724
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 318
V. Watson, 794
Home Land & Cattle Co., v McNa-
mara, 426a
Home M. F. I. Co. v. Garfield, 723
Home Savings Bank v. Boston, 1040,
1042
Homer v. Shaw, 669
Homesdale Ice Co. v. Lake L. I. Co.,
734
Homesly v. Elias, 606a
Homestead Co. v. Valley R. R., 918
Homire v. Haltman, 1255
Hommell v. Gamewell, 800
Honaker v. How«, 489o
V. Vesey, 533, 537
2900
Hone V. Mutual Safety Ins. Co., 728
Hong Sing v. Wolf Fein, 988
Honore v. Lamar F. I. Co., 725
V. Murray, 307, 999o
Honsee v. Hammond, 932, 941
Honsucle v. Ruffin, 777
Hood V. Hayward, 678
V. Raines, 612o, 642
V. Smiley, 655
V. Smith, 1194
V. Southern R. R., 1175
Hoodley v. Watson, 360, 386
Hooe V. Mason, 841
Hook ». Stovall, 762
Hooker v. Hammill, 536
V. Leslie, 274
V. Montpelier & W. River R. R.,
252
V. Newton, 387
V. Phillippe, 637
V. Utica and Minden Turnpike
Road Co., 1187
Hooks V. Evans, 692, 692fc
V. Fitzenreiter, 370
Hoon V. Beaver Valley Traction Co.,
580, 1367
Hooper v. Armstrong, 1261
V. Bacon, 2216
V. Bromley Brothers Carpet Co.,
755
V. Patterson, 685ot
V. Sac County Bank, 979
V. Savannah & M. R. R., 419,
1133
V. Smith, 932, 933
V. Story, 762, 767
«., Winston, 311c
Hoopes V. Meyer, 1057
Hoot V. Spade, 975
Hooten v. Barnard, 99, 101
Hootman v. Shriner, 554
Hoover v. Mowrer, 808a
V. Peters, 1060
Hope V. Alley, 98
Hopedale Electric Co. v. Electric S. B.
Co., 39 App. Div. 491; 612b
V. Electric S. B. Co., 96 App. Div.
344; 610
V. Electric S. B. Co., 132 App. Div.
348; 611
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Hopkins v. American P. S. Co., 932
V. Atlantic & St. L, R. R., 86a, 368,
860
«;. Beedle, 1277
V. Butte & M. C. Co., 937
V. Clark, 671
V. Contra Costa County, 337
V. Crittenden, 325
V. Davis, 107a
V. Drowne, 377, 1334
V. Gilman, 997
V. Grazebrook, 1002
I). Great Northern Ry., 1098
V. Halliburton, 695c
Hopkinson v. Knapp & Spaulding Co.,
575
Hopkins v. Ladd, 689a, 1272
V. Lee, 959, 1012
V. RatUff, 993
V. Sanford, 227
V. Towell, 1012
V. Westcott, 873
V. Western P. R. R., 947
V. Yowell, 959
Hoppaugh V. McGrath, 648a
Hoppe V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 866,
172a
Hopper V. Chicago, etc., R. R., 333
V. Haines, 493
Hoppes V. Cheek, 973
Hopping V. Quin, 1045
Hopple V. Higbee, 60, 244, 317, 432a,
1274
Hopson V. Louisville, N. O. & T. Ry.,
1159
Hord V. Holtson R. R. R., 932
V. Trimble, 685A
V. Western U. T. Co., 879, 883
Horn V. Batohelder, 656, 657
V. Bayard, 467
V. Boise C. C. Co., 1326
V. Buck, 762
I). CarroU, 25 Ky. L. Rep. 2305;
614
V. Carroll, 28 Ky. L. Rep. 839; 208
V. Hansen, 302o
V. Western Land Assoc, 667, 834?
Home V. Allen, 31 le
V. Midland Ry., 157, 160, 163, 740,
856a
TABLE OF CASES
2901
[References
Home V. Walton, 439e, 1027
Homer v. Beasley, 1010
V. Flintoff, 397, 399, 413
V. Lyman, 861a
V. Wood, 156
Homey v. Nixon, 222
Homketh v. Barr, 473
Hornstein v. Atlantic & G. W. R. R.,
1142, 1149
Horres v. Chemical Co., 937
Horst V. Roehm, 758
Hort V. Norton, 673d
Horton V. Bauer, 107c
V. Colwyn Bay & Colwyn Pistrict
Council, 1102
V. Cooley, 252, 999e
V. Cope, 692j
V. Miller, 9996, 1057
V. Seattle, 1270a
V. Tobin, 419
Hoseth v< Preston Mill Co., 2216, 1348
Hosford V. Wright, 962
Hosher v. Kansas City, St. J. & C. B.
R. R., 1112, 1140
Hosking v. Phillips, 932
Hoskins v. Duperoy, 756
V. Robins, 945
V. Scott, 190
Hoskovec v. Omaha St. Ry., 1354
Hosley v. Brooks, 451
Hosmer v. Campbell, 685a
V. Glovers ville, 1112a
V. Wilson, 612a, 636(i
Hossler v. Trump, 664a
Hostele v. Farmers' Protective Assn.,
941
Hoster v. Phila., 1109
Hosty V. Moulton Water Co., 44, 484
Hot Springs v. WiUiamson, 1123
Hot Springs R. R. v. Deloney, 43/, 863,
865
Hotchkiss V. Auburn R. R., 912, 913
V. Jones, 375
V. Oliphant, 453
V. Piatt, 685e
V. Whitten, 107(?
Hough V. Bowe, 58, 226c
V. Cook, 1203
V. Harvey, 3116
V. Kugler, 413
are to sections]
Hough V. People's F. I. Co., 725
V. Young, 107a
Houghkirk v. Delaware & H. C. Co.,
866, 172a
Houghteling v. Walker, 307
Houghton V. Carpenter, 762
V. Cortelypu, 685
V. Hager, 310
V. Kittleman, ^55/, 673e
V. Lyford, 686
V. Pattee, 416
Housberger v. Housj^erger, 929
House V. House, 982
V. McKenney, 302a
V. Marshall, 105Q, 1053
V. Tennessee F. C, 345
House Wrecking Co. i). Sonkew, 419
Househill Co. v. Neilson, 1230
Householder v. Kansae, 1123
Houseman v. Merchants' Dispatch
Transportation Co., 854
Houser v. Pearce, 12W
Houser & H. M. Co. v. McKay, 733a,
754
Houston V. Bibb, 539
ti. Bryan, 1334
V. Cmtcher, 310
V. Gran, 1248
V. Jamison, 345
V. ISforrison, 695a
V. Mossman, 334
V. Stames, 762
V. Wendnagel, 737
V. Young, 1040
Houston & G. N. R. R. v. Miller, 486c
Houston & T. C. R. R. v. A^iderson,
1266
V. Berling, 1309
V. Bird, 1364
V. Boehm, 41, 47, 180, 481, 485
V. Bowen, 573a
V. Bulger, 1353
V. Burke, 251a, 844
V. Cheatham, 171a
V. Cowser, 575, 576
V. Davenport, 1367
V. Gee, 482
V. Girald, 67
V. Gray, 1354
V. Hanks, 2216
2902 I'ABLE
[References
Houston & T. C. R. R. v. Hill, 194
V. Jackson, 316, 854
V. Kelley, 1356
V. Lee, 1342
V. Lemair, 67o
V. Lindsey, 1262
V. Loeffler, 573a, 580
V. Malloy, 620
V. Maxwell, 171a
V. Mitchell, 615
V. MoUoy, 630
V. Muldrow, 318
V. Rowell, 1270
V. Rutland, 577, 1367
V. Shapard, 47
V. Shirley, 603
u. Smith, 842
V. Weaver, 67a
V. White, 580a
V. Williamson, 852
«. Willie, 485
V. Wright, 1021a
Houston B. & T. Ry. v. O'Leary, 126a
1367
Houston C. S. Ry. v. Jageman, 865
V. Medlenka, 1354
V. Ross, 1347
V. Sciacca, 1367
V. Storrie, 324a
Houston Cotton Oil Co. v. Trammell,
765
Houston, E. & W. T. Ry. v. Adams, 63
Tex. 200; 932
V. Adams, 44 Tex. Civ. App. 288;
1261, 1270
V. Campbell, 843a
V. Charwaine, 942, 1110
V. Davidson, 890
V. McHale, 1367
V. Richards, 172
V. Stem, 1222
Houston Electric Co. v. Green, 1216
V. Seegar, 482, 484
Houston I. & B. Co. v. Tiemer^ 739
Houston L. & L. Co. v. Texas Co., 947
Houston Printing Co. v. Moulden, 443
Houston Ry. v. White, 574o
Hovey v. Brown, 1326
V. Coy, 689a
V. Grant, 250
OP CASES
are to sections]
Hovey v. Rubber Tip Pencil Co., 237,
685
How V. How, 1306
Howard v. Adkins, 417, 426
V. Bank of the Metropolis, 6336,
633c
V. Barnard, 1368
V. Behn, 304
V. Board of Supervisors, 1149
V. Burke, 12866
V. Central of Ga. Ry., 881a
V. Cooper, 60
V. Daly, 206, 227, 636d, 636s, 665,
667
V. Delaware & H. C. Co., 101
V. Emerson, 308
V. Farley, 18 Abb. Pr. 260; 676
V. Farley, 3 Robt. 308; 345
V. Francis, 301c
V. Gobel, 664
V. Haas, 131 Mo. App. 499; 734
V. Haas, 139 Mo. App. 591; 540
V. Hopkyns, 426
V. Hurst, 965
V. Johnston, 302
V. Lamoni, 1134
V. Lovegrove, 803
V. Manderfield, 60
V. Providence, 1148
V. Stillwell B. Mfg. Co., 153, 190,
646, 742a
V. Vaughan-Monnig Shoe Co., 667
Howard College v. Turner, 636i
Howard County v. Legg, 573a, 577, 578
Howard Oil Co. v. Davis, 180a, 485o
Howard Supply Co. v. Wells, 742a
Howay v. Going-Northrup Co., 666
Howcott V. CoUins, 295, 307
Howe V. Bartlett, 82
V. Batchelder, 929a
V. Buffalo N. Y. & Erie R. R.,834
V. Gibson, 1342
V. Handley, 533, 689a
V. Jones, 303
V. Mackay, 800
V. Martin, 1027
V. North, 606
II. Perry, 450
V. Ray, 64, 1147
V. Sutheriand, 821, 823
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2903
Howe V. Taylor, 692ft
V. Wade, 834
V. Weymouth, 148 Mass. 605; 1161
V. Weymouth, 155 Mass. 439; 941,
1164
Howe M. Co. V. Reber, 618
Howe S. M. Co. v. Bryson, 1716, 633,
834c
Howell V. Cheatham, 446
V. Goodrich, 84
V. Greaves, 492
V. Howell, 448
V. Lansing E. Ry., 484, 1306
V. Medler, 1067, 1293
V. Moores, 964, 972
V. Morlan, 821
V. Phila. M. I. Co., 711
V. Rochester Ry., 571a, 575
V. Scoggins, 233, 234
V. Young, 86b
Howells V. North American Transpor-
tation & T. R. Co., 486o
Howerton v. Augustine, 1027
Howery v. Hoover, 497e
Howes V. Axtell, 405, 1028
V. Crush, 932
Howey v. New England Nav. Co., 574a,
1367
Howison V. Oakley, 1023
Howland v. Davis, 824
V. Howland, 476
V. Jennings, 325
V. Oakland C. S. Ry., 1363
V. Vincent, 32
Howlet V. Strickland, 1031
Howlett V. Tuttle, 358
Howser v. Melcher, 188
Hoy V. Grenoble, 613, 624
V. Taliaferro, 973
Hoye V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 933
Hoyle V. Page, 345
V. Stellwagen, 655b
Hoyt V. Beach, 334
V. Fuller, 494, 507
V. New York, L. I. Co., 729
». Southern N. E. T. Co., 933
V. Stratton Mills, 943
V. Telephone Co., 1163
V. Western U. T. Co., 883
V. Wildfire, 206
Hoyt, The, 587
Hox V. Quincy, O. & K. C. R. R., 226d
Hoxie i>. Lincoln, 663, 673a
Hoxsie V. Empire Lumber Co., 504
Hubbard v. Belden, 655c, 661, 672
V. Briggs, 439ft
V. Callahan, 325
V. Charlestown B. R. R., 303, 304
V. Gould, 241
V. New York, N. H. & H. R. R.,
434
V. Norton, 970, 975
V. Rogers, 1042
V. Shaler, 550
Hubbardston Lumber Co. v. Bates, 755
Hubbell V. Meigs, 257, 777
Hubbly V. Brown, 705, 803
Hubenthal v. Kennedy, 302a
V. Spokane & I. Ry., 1261
Huber v. Beck, 1295
V. Burke, 1024
V. Ryan, 991, 992
V. Teuber, 386
Hubert v. Groves, 35
Huckestein v. Allegheny City, 1112a
Huckins v. Lightner, 537
V. People's M. F. I. Co., 726
Huckle V. Money, 348, 350, 365, 372,
381
Huddleston v. Kempner, 331
Hudmon v. Cuyas, 762
Hudson V. Archer, 107a
V. Houser, 580
V. Hudson, 671
V. Lee, 1034
V. Northern Pac. R. R., 854
V. Tenney, 303
V. Wilkinson, 317
V. Young, 691c
Hudson County v. Immerich, 1157
Huebschmann v. Von Cotzhausen, 915
Huellmantel v. Huellmantel, 334
V. Vinton, 497/
Hueni v. Freehill, 1326
Huerzeler v. Central C. T. R. R., 1367
Hueston v. Mississippi & R. R. B. Co.,
70, 926, 942, 1295
Huey V. Macon County, 346
Huff V. Peoria & Eastern R. R., 576,
584o
2904
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Huff V. Reilly, 956, 977
Huffman V. Knight, 856
Hufford V. Grand Rapids & I. R. R.,
865
HuftaUn V. Misner, 384
Huganir v. Cotter, 1027
Huggard v. Glucose Sugar Refining Co.,
- 175!..
Huggeford v. Ford, 538
HugginsD.iKavanagh, 1247, 1251
V. South Eastern L. & C. Co., 740
Hughan v. Grimes, 688a
Hughes V. Anderson, 373, 924
V. Austin, 2266
.«_,. Bray, 7fl2
V. Cannon, 673/
V. Chicago, B. & 0. Ry., 95
V. Dupdee Mortgsige Trust In-
vestment Co., 85
V. Goodale, 692fc
V. Graeme, 236, 239a, 836
V. Habor & S. B. & S. Assoc, 1354
V. Heiser, 35
V. Hood, 984
V. Hughes, 692
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 365, 368
V. McDonough, 127a
V. Met. El. R. R., 1207
V. Miller, 1023
V. New York El. R. R., 1211
». Nolte, 637a
V. Pritchard, 677
V. Pullman P. C. Co., 873a
V. Robinson, 193
V. Smith, 786
u. Stevens, 1263, 1295
V. Toledo S. & C. R. R., 672
V. Wamsutta Mills, 668
V. Wickcliffe, 685
Hugo, The, 596
Huguenot Mills v. Jempson, 753
Huiest V. Marx, 984
Huizega v. Cutler & S. Lumber Co., 481
Hulbert v. New Nonpareil Co., 453
Hulehan v. Green Bay, W. & S. P. R.
R., 481, 485
Hulett V. Fairbanks, 934
Hulfish V. O'Brien, 973
Huling V. Henderson, 363a, 366, 373
Hull V. Angus, 424
Hull V. Bematz, 497/
V. Butler, 334
V. Harris, 979
HiiUiuger v. Worrell, 126d
Hulme V. Brown, 1058
Hulst V. Benevolent Hall Assoc, 659
Humaston v. Telegraph Co., 6126
Humbert v. Mason, 317
Humboldt L. M. Assoc, In re, 1367
Himie V. Hale, 614
Humes v. Proctor, 933
Humiston v. Wheeler, 999c
Hummel v. Brown, 283
Humphrey v. Clement, 270
V. Hathorn, 549
V. McClenachan, 959
V. Michigan United Rys., 860
V. Phinney, 921, 922
V. Pope, 4806
Humphreys v. McClenachan, 975
V. Morton, 346
I). Perry, 783
V. Reed, 1068
V. Union Ins. Co;, 717
Humphreysville Co. v. Vermont Copper
Mining Co., 734, 746
Ilumphries y. Johnson, 386
Humphrys v. Knight, 964
Hundley v. Calloway, 531a
V. Chadwick, 682
Huner v. Doolittle, 339a
Hungerford v. Redford, 534, 934
Huning v. Chavez, 55a
Hunneman v. Grafton, 756
V. Milwaukee, 327
Hunt V. Amidon, 796
V. Boonville, 3806
V. Burton, 685ff
V. Colbum, 675
V. Conner, 573a, 577, 580
V. Crane, 227, 667
V. D'Orval, 42, 107a
j;. Haskell, 841
V. Hoboken L. I. Co., 182a
V. Iowa C. Ry., 924, 1110
V. Johnson, 924a, 947, 1006
V. Jucks, 295
V. Kile, 572
V. Marsh, 976
V. Middlesworth, 966, 1031
TABLE
[References
Hunt V. Missouri, K. & T. R. R., 119
V. Missouri P. Ry., 1174
V. Nevers, 302o, 305, 310
V. Nolen, 975, 981, 1027
V. Oregon P. Ry., 187, 643
V. O'Neill, 920
V. Orwig, 975
V. Otis Co., 668, 1064
V. Raplee, 959, 975
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. R. R., 937
V. Stockton Lumber Co., 339o, 343
V. Taylor, 70
V. Test, 612, 834?
V. Tibbets, 89
V. Van Deusen, 762
V. White, 692fc
Hunt Bros. F. P. Co. v. Cassiday, 1224
V. Cassidy, 1215
Hunt Bros Co. v. San Lorenzo Water
Co., 169a
Hunter v. Bennett, 467
V. Britts, 911
V. Chesapeake & O. Ry., 1169
V. Farren, 184
V. Fry, 858
V. Hatch, 334
V. Hatfield, 638, 640a
V. Johnson, 982
V. Prinsep, 492
V. Reiley, 1039
V. Stewart, 1270
V. Wakefield, 36o
V. Waldron, 672, 1064
V. Wetsell, 760
V. Wood, 302a
Huntingdon v. Claffin, 664
Huntingdon & B. T. R. R. & C. Co. ».
English, 514
Huntington v. Breen, 41
V. Lombard, 762o
V. Ogdensburgh & L. C. R. R., 206,
667
V. Rumnill, 831
Huntington Easy Payment Co. v. Par-
sons, 222
Huntley v. Bacon, 234, 352, 359, 564
V. Lyons, 3016
Huntoon v. Hazelton, 673a
Huntress v. Burbank, 341, 684
Huntsman v. Hendricks, 975, 978
OF CASES 2905
are to sections]
Huntsville v. Erving, 1154c
Hurd V. Dunsmore, 411, 1025
V. Gallaher, 538
V. Hall, 979
V. Hubbell, 493, 505, 519
Hurlbut V. Boaz, 459
Hurlburt v. Dusenbury, 293
V. Green, 58, 494, 494c, 562
V. Schillinger, 1237
Hurley v. Buchi, 191, 768
V. Jones, 63
V. Oliver, 614
Hurlock V. Reinhardt, 549
Huron Barge Co. v. Tumey, 196, 857
Hurst V. Coley, 78
V. Detroit City Ry., 575
V. Hurst, 396, 416
Hurt V. Atlanta, 1137
V. Miller, 228/, 512
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 1365
Hurtin v. Union Ins. Co., 841
Hurxthal v. St. Lawrence, B. & M. Co.,
620
Huse V. Alexander, 798
Hus6 & Loomis Ice Co. v. Heinze, 257
Huson V. Dale, 452
Hussey v. ColUns, 793a
V. Farlow, 275
1). Manufacturers' & M. Bank, 519,
736
Hussner v. Brooklyn City R. R., 1184,
1193, 1194
Husten v. Richards, 858
Huston V. DeZeng, 302
V. Freemansburg, 43^
V. Twin & C. C. T. R. R., 1260
V. Wickersham, 910, 911
Hutcheis v. Cedar Rapids & M. C. Ry.,
486a
Hutchings v. Ladd, 853
Hutchins v. Buckner, 533
V. McCann, 704
V. Munn, 685/
V. Roundtree, 981
V. St. Paul, M. & M. Ry., 573o
V. Wade, 302
B!utchinson v. Granger, 1261
V. Hutchinson, 537
V. International & G. N. Ry., 1149
V. Mt. Vernon W. & P. Co., 633e
2906 TABLE
[References
Hutchinson v. Parker, 932
V. Reid, 756
V. Schimmelfeder, 98
V. Snider, 607
V. Stern, 43g
V. Van Cleve, 483
V. West. J. & S. R. R., 573
V. Wetmore, 659
V. Wheeler, 452
Hutchinson First Nat. Bank v. Wil-
liams, 241
Hutchison v. Maysville, 942
Hutt V. Bruckman, 1051
V. Hickey, 614, 642
Hutton V. Williams, 1023
Huyck V. Andrews, 970
Huyett-Smith Manuf . Co. v. Gray, 760
Hyama v. Bamberger, 497c
Hyatt V. Adams, 376, 570, 570a
V. Wait, 301
V. Washington, 685fc
Hyde v. Brown, 334
V. Ehner, 535
V. Jamaica, 2267re
V. Kiehl, 435, 437
V. Mechanical Refr. Co., 620
V. Middlesex, 1166&
V. Stone, 295, 317
V. Teal, 685
Hyde Park v. Dunham, 1138
V. Washington Ice Co., 1138
Hyde Park T. H. E. L. Co. v. Porter,
95
Hydes F. T. Co. v. Davidson Coimty,
1173
Hydraulic Co. v. Chatfield, 326, 334
Hydraulic Engineering Co. v. McHaffie,
160, 165, 740
Hylton V. Brown, 915
Hyman v. American Electric Forge Co.,
695
V. Jockey Club Wine, Liquor &
Cigar Co., 999c
Hymes v. Esty, 970, 975
Hynes v. Manhattan R. R., 11986
V. Packard, 976
V. Patterson, 241
Hysell V. Sterling Coal & Manuf. Co.,
655c
Hyslopj). Finch, 1138
OF CASES
are to sections]
Hyslop V. Staig, 355
Hysore v. Quigley, 373, 373o, 990
I.deS.».W.deS.,42
laeger v. Metcalf, 1317
lasigi V. Shea, 492a
Icely V. Grew, 1026, 1034, 1044
Ickenroth v. St. Louis Transit Co., 363a
Idaho & W. N. R. R. v. Nagle, 1165a
Idaho P. T. C. Co. v. Oregon S. L. R. R.,
1152a
Idaho Western Ry. v. Columbia Con-
ference, 1294
Iddings V. Equitable Gas Co., 999A;
Ideal Wrench Co. v. Gavin Mach. Co.,
762
Ihl V. 42d St. R. R., 171a, 574, 575
Her V. Baker, 251
Ilion Nat. Bank, In re, 311/
Illingworth v. Greenleaf, 1296
Illinois, The, 597a
Illinois & S. L. R. R. & C. Co. v. Cobb,
69,74
V. Decker, 182, 1304
V. Ogle, 502, 935
Illinois V. St. L. R. R. v. Switzer, 1160a
Illinois Cent. R. R. v. Abemathy, 1326
V. Adams, 332
V. Armstrong, 363
V. Baches 580
V. Barron, 481, 573 o, 579
V. Bentz, 578
V. Bogard, 851
V. Chicago, 156 111. 98; 1171
V. Chicago, 169 111. 329; 1138
V. Cobb, 64 111. 128; 162, 220, 850,
856a
V. Cobb, 68 111. 53; 363a, 364, 366
V. Commissioners of Highways,
11520
V. Copeland, 873
V. Cole, 484
V. Crudup, 576
V. Cunningham, 1328
V. Davidson, 180, 485a
V. Davies, 1332
V. Dodds, 363
V. Doss, 125a, 226, 226d
TABLE OF CASES
{References are to sections]
2907
Illinois Cent. R. R. v. Downs, 1347
V. Ebert, 1330
w. Elliott, 1123
V. Ferrell, 1154c
V. Finnigan, 5066
V. Gilbert, 1367
V. Gortikov, 222, 366, 865
V. Hammer, 379, 380
V. Handy, 873o
V. Haynes, 122 S. W. 210; 942
V. Haynes, 64 Miss. 604; 316
V. Heisner, 121d
V. Holt, 862
V. Hopkinsville Canning Co., 152
V. Hoskins, 930
V. Houchins, 1364
V. Johnson, 67 111. 312; 1328
V. Johnson, 123 111. App. 300; 1367
V. Le Blanc, 503, 935
V. Lence, 368
V. Lockard, 1110
V. Mayes, 1352
V. Minor, 860
V. Nelson, 59 lU. 110; 490
V. Nelson, 97 S. W. 757; 152
V. Nelson, 127 S. W. 520; 942
V. Ogle, 363a
V. Owens, 854
V. Pearson, 863
V. Pendergrass, 5706
V. Poston, 212, 219
V. Price, 1357
V. Prickett, 67a
V. Reid, 872
V. Seamans, 125a
V. Siddons, 43/
V. Slater, 575
V. Smith, 110 Ky. 203; 924a, 1138a
V. Smith, 132 Ky. 732; 1353
V. Stewart, 130 111. App. 197; 1355
V. Stewart, 63 S. W. 696; 368,
1356
V. Tandy, 1347
V. Turrill, 335, 1244
V. Watson, 1367
V. Welch, 1325
V. Weldon, 577
ti. Whiteaker, 573
f. Wilbourn, 85c
V. Wilson, 1336
Illinois, I. & M. R. R. v. Borms, 1130
V. Easterbrook, 1138
V. Freeman, 1165c
V. Ring, 1166
Illinois Land & Loan Co. v. Bonner, 964
Illinois Mut. F. I. Co. v. Andes Insur-
ance Co., 720, 728
Illinois Railroad v. Spence, 681
Illinois S. & R. R. v. Western U. T. Co.,
881a
Illinois Steel Co. v. Paige, 1367
V. Ryska, 482
Illinois Surety Co. v. Garrard Hotel
Co., 419
Illinois Tel. News Co. v. Maine, 1149
Illinois Trust & Savings Bank v. Bur-
lington, 416
Illinois Valley Ry. v. Haremski, 1358
Imbescheid v. Old Colony R. R., 331a,
1151
Imboden v. Etowah & B. B. Co., 64
Imel V. Van Deren, 6916
Imhoff V. Richards, 1298
Imlay v. Union Branch R. R., 1112a
Imler v. City of Springfield, 1110
Imperial C. & C. Co. v. Port Royal C.
& C. Co., 613, 742a
Imperial F. I. Co. v. Murray, 725
Imperial Hotel Co. v. H. B. Claflin Co.,
294
Imperial R. S. v. Steinfeld Bros., 752
Importers, & Traders Insurance Co. v.
Christie, 999fc
Independent Brewing Ass'n v. Burt,
162
Independent Ins. Co. v. Thomas, 271
Independent M. I. Co. v. Agnew, 723a
Independent School Dist. v. McDon-
ald, 692e, 692/
Independent T. Y. M. B. Assoc, v. So-
mach, 610
Indian M. J. C. Co. v. Ashville I. & C.
Co., 734
Indiana & I. C. Ry. v. Scearce, 626
Indiana, B. & W. Ry. v. Allen, 1149,
1177
V. Koons, 84a
Indiana Canning Co. v. Priest, 617
Indiana Car. Co. v. Parker, 86c
Indiana Central R. R. v. Hunter, 1148
2908 TABLE
[References
Indiana, 111. & la. R. R. v. Stauber,
1166
Indiana Natural Gas & Oil Co. v.
Jones, 1166
Indiana Power Co. v. St. Joseph, etc.,
«*> Power Co., 1155
Indiana Ry. v. Orr, 46
Indiana Tie Co. v. Phelps, 753
Indiana U. T. Co. v. Heller, 1342
V. Ohue, 1363
Indianapolis v. Gaston, 41, 47, 180,
226/, 481, 485
V. Buffer, 1110
V. Lawyer, 1110
■0. Marold, 485
V. Tate, 1110
Indianapolis & C. T. Co. v. Larrabee,
1161
V. Wiles, 1167
Indianapolis & E. Ry. v. Bennett, 67
IndianapoUs & M. R. T. Co. v. Reeder,
486a
Indianapolis & S. L. R. R. v. Stables,
41, 44, 47
Indianapolis & W. Ry. v. Branson,
1161
Indianapolis, B. & W. Ry. v. Bimey,
212, 2266, 226m, 864, 872
V. Eberle, 95
V. McLaughlin, 74
Indianapolis Commercial Club v. Hil-
liker, 573a, 1367
Indianapolis, D. & S. Co. R. R. v. Pugh,
1149
Indianapolis N. Traction Co. v. Ramer,
11656
Indianapolis St. Ry. v. Kane, 1354
V. Ray, 43/
Indianapolis T. & T. Co. v. Beckman,
1367
V. Kidd, 226/
V. Menze, 486a, 1365
V. Romans, 1367
V. Ulrick, 1360
Indianapolis Terra Cotta Co. v. Mur-
phy, 646a
Indianola v. G. W. T. & P. Ry., 416
Industrial & General Trust v. Tod,
1298
Industrial L. Co. v. Bivens, 172o
OF CASES
are to Beetionsl
Industrial Works v. Mitchell, 161, 194,
742a
Inflexible, The Swabey, 592, 593
Ingalls V. Allen, 664
V. Bills, 226a
V. Lee, 704
V. Lord, 256
Ingels V. Mast, 1231
Ingles V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1261,
1270
Ingersoll v. Campbell, 305
V. Jones, 474, 476
V. Musgrove, 1215
V. Van Bokkelin, 78
Ingham L. Co. v. Ingersoll, 614
Ingledew v. Northern R. R., 854
Inglehart v. State, 681a
Ingraham v. Parks, 1326
V. Postell, 301c
V. Pullman Co., 107(i
Ingram v. Cox, 689a
V. Harts, 58
V. Lawson, 182
». McComb, 692d
V. Morgan, 973
V. Rankin, 317, 493, 497o, 519
V. Wackemagel, 755
V. Wishka Boom Co., 942
Inland Steel Co. v. Harris, 666
Inman v. Ball, 363
V. Foster, 446, 451
Innes v. Milwaukee, 1367
Insley v. Shepard, 614, 647o
Insurance Co. v. Brame, 570
V. Fogarty, 710
V. Leader, 723a
V. Mordecai, 713
V. Thompson, 720, 802
V. Transportation Co., 113
V. Updegraff, 725
Interlaken Land Co. v. Seattle, 11496
International & G. N. R. R. v. Bajli-
gethy, 577
V. Barton, 318
V. Bell, 1149
V. Benitos, 937
V. Boykin, 573o
V. Brett, 1355
V. Brice, 1356
V. Butcher, 1309
TfABLE OF CASES
2909
[References
International & G. N. R. R. v. Camp-
bell, 865
V. Clark, 1355
V. Cruseturner, 1257
V. Culpepper, 577
V. Dalwigh, 1361
V. Davis, 942
V. Dimmitt Co. P. Co., 334, 852
V. Doolan, 863
V. Duncan, 219
V. Fickey, 1293
V. Flores, 872
V. Foster, 937
V. Garcia, 380
V. Gieselman, 95
V. Greenwood, 363
V. Hugen, 1355
V. Jones, 1367
V. Kindred, 576
V. Kuehli, 574a, 577
V. McVey, 99 Tex. 28; 573o, 577,
580o
V. McVey, 81 S. W. 991; 1175,
1367
V. Miller, 1354
V. Mitchell, 1307
V. Morin, 1356
V. Munn, 1367
V. Nicholson, 251, 844
V. Ormond, 1149
V. Pape, 937
V. Parish, 852
V. Poloma, 1355
V. Ragsdale, 70
V. Sammon, 862
V. Sandlin, 1365
V. Smith, 1263
V. Startz, 842
V. Stewart, 171a, 942
V. Telephone & Tel. Co., 359,
1344
V. Terry, 868
0. White, 1367
V. Wobdard, 1354
International B. & T. Co. v. McLane,
1175
International Contracting Co. v.
Nichol, 313
International Development Co. v.
Clemans, 968
are to sections]
International Harvester Co. v. Iowa
Hardware Co., 361, 683
International Nav. Co. v. Atlantic M.
I. Co., 717
V. Farr & Barley Mfg. Co., 596a
International O. T. Co. v. Saunders,
894
International T. B. Co. v. Jones, 612
V. Marvin, 612
V. Schulte, 612
International T. C. Co. v. Hanks Den-
tal Assoc, 1220
International Trust Co. v. Schumann,
9996
Interstate C. R. T. Ry. v. Early, 95
V. Simpson, 1148
Interstate Engineering Co. v. Archer,
742
Investment Co. v. St. Joseph, 1140
Inzaga v. Villaba, 606a
lonides v. Universal M. I. Co., 718
Iowa Mfg. Co. V. Sturtevant Mfg. Co.,
161, 735c, 742
Iowa-Minnesota Land Co. v. Conner,
186
Ipswich Mill V. County Com'rs, 1149
Irby V. Wilde, 1261, 1270
Ireland v. Bowman, 948
V. Effiott, 487a
Ireland's Case, 675c
Irion V. Hume, 684
Irlbacker v. Roth, 302a
Iroquois Furnace Co. v. Wilkin Mfg.
Co., 413
Ironton Land Co. v. Butchart, 186, 620
Iron Mountain R. R. v. Bingham,
1108, 1152a
Iron R. R. v. Mowery, 1330
Iron Wks. v. Boling, 155
Ironton Land Co. v. Butchart, 1295
Iroquois, The, 1356
Irrawaddy, The, 596a
Irrgang v. Ott, 483
Irvin ti. Hazelton, 335
Irving V. Greenwood, 641
V. Hagerman, 76
V. Manning, 717
V. Media, 91
V. Morrison, 1066
V. Richardson, 7l2a
2910
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Irwin V. Askew, 1012
V. Dearman, 471, 474
V. Dixion, 946
V. McDowell, 497/, 565
V. Nolde, 503, 932, 987
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 574a
V. Pittsburgh, etc., R. R., 341
Isaac Newton, The, 3146, 656
Isaacs V. McLean, 493a
V. Terry & Tench Co., 752
V. Wannamaker, 762
Isenhart v. Brown, 345
Isham V. Dow, 124
Islett V. Oglevie, 311
Isley V. Jewett, 304
V. Jones, 707
Isman v. Loring, 439a
Isom V. Book, 930a, 1261
V. Mississippi Central R. R., 1139a,
1151
V. Rex C. O. Co., 930o
Israel v. Israel, 449
V. Jewett, 1152
V. Reynolds, 789
Itaska, The, 587, 597a
Ives V. Carter, 234, 359
V. Humphreys, 42, 1266, 363a, 364,
365, 366, 367
V. Merchants' Bank, 678
V. Van Epps, 1067
Iveson V. Moore, 946
Ivey V. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 1350
V. McQueen, 933
Ivinson v. Althrop, 416
Ivy C. & C. Co. V. Alabama C. & C.
Co., 502
Izon V. Gorton, 999c
J. D. Moran Mfg. & C. Co. v. St. Paul,
337
J. E. McMillan Hardware Co. v. Ross,
535
J. F. Ball & Bro. L. Co. v. Simms L.
Co., 934
J. G. Lindauer, The, 1358
J. G. Wagner Co. v. Cawker, 419
J. H. Lichtenstein & Co. v. Fargo,
169a
J. I. Case Plow Works v. Niles & S. Co.,
762
J. I. Case T. Co. v. Souders, 407
J. L. Hasbrouck, The, 587
J. M. Ackley & Co. v. Hunter, Benn &
Co. Co., 975
J. M. Griffith Co. v. Los Angeles, 656
J. M. James Co. v. Continental Nat.
Bank, 153a, 1310a
J. Schlitz Brewing Co. v. McCann, 171a
J. T. Stark Grain Co. v. Harry Bros.
Co., 645
J. W. Hugus & Co. V. Hardenburg, 1329
J. Zinsmeister & Bro. v. Rock Island
Canning Co., 753
Jack V. M'Kee, 1020
V. Sinsheimer, 426a
Jackman v. Doland, 1046
V. Eastman, 685
Jackel V. Reiman, 363, 938
Jacks V. Bell, 489
V. Dyer, 915
V. Turner, 337
Jackson v. Adams, 156
V. Armstrong, 1027
V. Baker, 1 Wash. C. C. 394; 820
V. Baker, 2 Elw. Ch. 471; 413
V. Bell, 458, 459
V. Brookins, 1248
V. Bry, 6916
V. Campbell, 304
V. Cleveland, 412
V. Collins, 777
V. ConsoUdated Traction Co., 576,
1367
V. Emmons, 85c, 92
V. Evans, 519
V. Farrell, 997
V. Glaze, 531, 533, 535
V. Hall, 121d
V. Hanna, 976
V. Hunt, 423
V. Jones, 750
V. Julia Smith, The, 844
V. Kiel, 932, 948
V. Larche, 685
V. Law, 3405
V. Lloyd, 341
V. Loomis, 909a, 915, 916
V. Millspaugh, 685Z
Jackson v. Mott, 762
V. Nashville, C. & S. L. Ry., 226to
V. Noble, 1249, 1251, 1266
V. O'Donaghy, 921
V. Pesked, 74
V. Pittsburgh, C. C. & S. L. Ry.,
570
V. Portland, 1112
V. Rochester, 1286b
V. St. Paul City Ry., 1364
V. Schmidt, 363
V. Shields, 3116
V. Smith, 683
V. Stanfield, 182
V. Steamboat Rock Independent
School District, 667
V. Stetson, 447
V. Todd, 75
V. Turrell, 73
V. Walton, 570
V. Watson & Sons, 164o
V. Wells, 489, 1309
V. Williams, 1123
V. Wood, 307, 914, 919
Jackson Agricultural Iron Works v.
Hurlbut, 158 N. Y. 34; 22Qd, 852
V. Hurlbut, 36 N. Y. Supp. 808;
134a
Jackson Co. v. Waldo, 1140
Jackson Electric Ry., L. & P. Co. v.
Lowry, 363a
Jackson, F. & M. Ins. Co. v. Walle, 301
Jackson Ins. Co. v. Stewart, 340c
Jacksonville v. Lambert, 948, 1326,
1328
Jacksonville & S. R. R. v. Kidder, II6O0
Jacksonville Elec. Co. v. Batchis, 1261
V. Bowden, 574a
Jacksonville M. P. R. & N. Co. v.
Hooper, 999i
Jacksonville, M. W. & S. E. R. R. v.
Cox, 1177
Jacksonville, T. & K. W. Ry. v. Adams,
1175
V. Carrison, 1326
V. Lockwood, 95, 924a
V. Peninsular L. T. & M. Co., 224,
318
Jacob t).. Louisville, 1138a
Jacob Tome Inst. v. Crothers, 932
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Jacobs V. Adams, 306
V. Ballenger, 339a
,2911
V. Daugherty, 689a
0. Hoover, 487
V. L. & N. R. R., 368, 380, 385
V. Mandel, 618
V. Robb, 131
V. Sire, 370, 387, 637a
V. Tutt, 873
Jacobsen v. Dalles P. & A. N. Co., 226?
V. Rothschild, 1356
V. United States Gypsum Co., 316
Jacobson v. Anderson, 681a
V. Dalles P. & A. N. Co., 587, 588
V. Le Grange, 671
V. Ppindexter, 229
Jacobus V. Congregation, etc., 359
V. Monongahela Nat. Bank, 237,
565, 565a
Jacoby v. Stark, 637a, 638
Jacot V. Emmett, 339
JacqueUn v. Morning Jovu^al Assoc,
1335
Jacques v. Bridgeport H. R. R., 180
V. Parks, 1336
Jaffray v. King, 667
Jakobson v. Springer, 590, 599
James v. Adams, 753, 755
V. Allen County, 90, 665, 666
V. Biddington, 638
V. ElUott, 1027a, 1053
V. Hayes, 1345
V. Hodsden, 226e, 652
V. Kibler, 999/
V. Lamb, 979
V. Long, 789
V. Morgan, 606c
V. Oakland Trac. Co., 1358
V. Richmond & D. R. R., 573a,
1372
V. State, 678
V. Tutney, 530
V. Western U. T. Co., 889
James A. Dumont, The, 593, 597a
James H. Rice Co. v. Penn P. G. Co.,
636c, 636y
James McNeil & Bro. Co. v. Crucible
Steel Co., 932
James River & Kanawha Co. v. Turner,
1130, 1148
2912
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Jameson v. Bartlett, 685^
V. Dulaney, 685^
V. Kent, 531o, 1293
V. Midland Ry., 200, 856o
V. Sweeney, 857
Jamieson v. New York & R. B. Ry.,
318, 319
Jamison v. Ellsworth, 990e
Jandt V. South, 540
Jansen v. Ball, 634
V. Hilton, 793
:;. Minneapolis & S. L. R. R., 44,
860, 1342
January v. Martin, 3406
Jaqua v. Headington, 407, 416, 1020
Jaquith v. Hudson, 408, 418
Jarrett v. Martm, 1031
Jarvis V. Manhattan B. Co., 439^
V. Manlove, 487o
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1352
V. Rogers, 78
V. Sewall, 795
Jason, The, 596a
Jasper v. Puraell, 3836, 384a
Jassoy V. Horn, 294
Jaudes v. Fisher, 645
Jay V. Almy, 461, 464
Jayne v. Loder, 1331
Jean v. Sandiford, 316
Jebsen v. E. & W. Ind. Dock Co., 66,
857
Jefcoat V. Gunter, 988
». Knotts, 69, 373, 932
Jefferies v. Allen, 921
Jeffers v. Easton, 774, 987
V. Johnson, 18 N. J. L. 382; 681a
V. Johnson, 21 N. J. L. 73; 793
Jefferson v. Adams, 386
V. Bishop of Durham, 950
V. Hale, 493
Jefferson City Savings Assn. v. Morri-
son, 303, 305
Jefferson Co. v. Arrghi, 1067
V. Hawkins, 337
V. Lewis, 325
Jefferson County Bank v. Eborn, 360,
373o, 380, 682, 683
Jefferson Gas Co. v. Davis, 1164, 1165
Jefferson Hotel Co. v. Brumbaugh, 425
Jeffersonville v. Myers, 1110
Jeff ersonvi lie v. Patterson, 346
Jefferaofiville, M. & I. R. R. w. Downey<
1206
V. Esterle, 63, 65, 95
Jeffersonville R. R. v. Rogers, 372
Jeffery v. Bastard, 655
V. Chicago & M. E. R. R., II6O0
Jeffras v. McKillop, 4486
V. Bigelow, 125, 148, 769
V. Osborne, 1149a
Jeffries v. Seaboard A. L. R. R., 1303
Jegon V. Vivian, 601, 935
Jelalian v. New York, N. H. & H. R.
R., 107a
Jelison v. Lee, 275
Jellett V. St. Paul, M. & M. Ry., 57, 853
Jemina, The, 587
Jemison v. Citizens' Sav. Bank, 512a
V. Governor, 30, 692/
V. Woodruff, 1060
Jemmison v. Gray, 412, 734
Jemo V. Tourist Hotel Co., 170a
Jenks V. Quinn, 961, 964
Jenkins v. Armour, 309
V. Bacon, 121a
y. Betham, 999/i
V. Doolittle, 303
V. Hay, 688a
V. Hopkins, 966, 969
V. Jones, 962
V. Kirtley, 606
V. Lemonds, 692a
V. Long, 834c
V. McConico, 515
V. Means, 908
ft. Mitchell, 631a
V. Montgomery L. Co., 933
V. Parkhill, 681, 6856
V. Pennsylvania R. R,., 36a
V. Southern B. T. & T. Co., 893
V. Steanka, 1260
V. Stone, 991
V. Temples, 632
V. Troutman, 554
V. Womach, 984
Jenne v. Sutton, 36a
Jenness ;;. Simpson, 478
Jennette v. Sullivan, 639
Jennings v. Alaska Treadwell Gold
Mining Co., 5716
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Jennings v. Bond, 984, 988, 988a
V. Camp, 659
V. Johnson, 77
V, Loeffler, 514
V. Loring, 109
V. Lyons, 672, 673/
V. Maddox, 363o, 365, 373
V. Rogers S. P. Co., 1220
V. Smith, 851
V. Sparkman, 533, 536a, 537
V. Van Sohaick, 1326
V. WiUer, 419, 657
Jennings H. O. Snyd. v. Housserie-
Latreille Oil Co., 493
Jennison v. Hapgood, 3116, 344
Jensen v. Chioagp, S. P. M. & 0. Ry.,
484
Jermaine v. Waggoner, 1108
Jerman v. Stewart, 545
Jerome v. Ross, 1107
V. Smith, 387
Jersey City v. O'Callaghan, 324a
Jesse French P. & O. Co. v. Phelps, 135
V. Porter, 685j, 685A;,, 685ot
Jesser v. Gifford, 74
Jessoy V. Horn, 405
Jestous V. Brooke, 606c
Jesus College v. Bloom, 1256e
Jeter v. Glenn, 238, 773, 976, 979, 982,
983
V. Littlejohn, 340b
Jevne v. Osgood, 685m
Jewell V. Colby, 363
V. Grand Trunk Ry., 1216
V. Schroeppel, 656
V. Thompson, 672
Jewett V. Brooks, 613, 665, 988
V. Fisher, 983
V. Israel, 1152
V. Lawrenceburgh & U. M. Ry.,
630
V. Thompson, 334
V. Wanshura, 1251, 1252
V. Weston, 656, 660, 662
V. Whitney, 101, 107(i
V. Wilmot, 608, 614
Joan V. Shielis, 901
Job T. Wilson, The, 590
Joch V. Dankwardt, 44
Jochams v. Ong, 753
183
29ia
are to sections]
Jockers v. Borgman, 363, 1249; l'250i
1251, 1252, 1254
Johannesson v. BorscReniuB, 58
Johanson v. The Bark Storia, 597a
John and Cherry Sts., Matter of, 1187
John Blaul & Sons v. Wandel, 248a-, 533
John C. Lewis Co. v. Scott, 667
John D. Park & Sons Co. v. Hubbard,
84, 1256i
John Davis & Co. v. Insurance Cb. of
N. America, 723a
John H. Starin, The, 597a
John Henry, The, 587
John Hetherington & Sons v. William
Firth Co., 824
John Hutchinson Mfg. Co. v. Pinch,
134o, 174, 186, 189, 646, 6466
John Monat Lumber Cb. v. Wllmore,
251
John Soley & Sons v. Jones, 642
Johnson v. Allen, 78 Ala. 387; 246, 739
V. Allen, 100 N. C. 131; 360, 376,
385
V. Atlantic & S. L. R. R., 335
V. Arnold, 607, 607o
V. Bailey, 537, 538
V. Baltimore & P. R. R., 41, 486
V. Bay aty, 1357
V. Blanks, 774
V. Beeney, 1027
». Boston, 1165
V. Britton, 972
V. Camp, 373a, 384a
V. Caulkins, 641
V. Chamberlain, 692S
V. Chapman, 36a
V. Cherokee L. & I. Co., 834c
W.Chicago & N. W. Ry., 77 la.
666; 317, 318
». Chicago & N. W. Ky., 64 Wis.
425; 866, 172a
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 1263
V. Collier, 364
V. Collins, 116 Mass. 392; 968, 979
V. Cbllihs, 89 S. W. 253; 462
V. Conant, 101, I07d
V. Courts, 121d, 927
V. Culver, 439d, 762
V. Daily, 47
V. Downing, 325
2914 TABLE
[References
Johnson v. Drummond, 1255
V. Dun, 256
V. Eicke, 311a
0. Elwood, 685
V. F. & M. Ry., 252
V. Farwell, 265
V. Fish, 908
V, Futch, 910
». Gavitt, 439t
V. Gillen, 317
V. Great N. Ry., 1346
II. Gwathney, 692i
V. Gwinn, 418
V. Hacker, 681a
V. Hamilton, 1010
V. Hannahan, 929, 1334
V. Heath, 1348
V. Henry, 603
V. Hessel, 688o
V. Hoffman, 1044
V. Holyoke, 195
V. Hughes, 692/
V. Hulett, 990a
V. Ish, 1347
V. Jenkins, 370, 637, 641o
V. Jones, 1031
V. Lancashire & Y. Ry., 493
V. Levy, 3 Cal. App. 591; 171
V. Levy, 118 La. 447; 638a
V. Levy, 122 La. 118; 637, 639
V. Long Island R. R., 1333, 1367
V. McMuIlin, 1007
V. Manhattan Ry., 1303
V. Marks, 55, 493a
V. Marshall, 615
V. Mathews, 153
V. Meeker, 211
V. Meyer, 69, 325
V. Miln, 1063
V. Missouri P. Ry., 674
V. Moser, Q85h
V. MuUin, 1277
V. Northern P. R. R., 86c, 860
V. Nyce, 976
V. Old Colony R. R., 1163
V. Parkersburg, 1149
V. Perry, 226j
V. Purvis, 973
V. Railroad, 1109
V. Robertson, 443
OF CASES
are to sections]
Johnson v. Rochester Ry., 1367
V. St. Louis, 1123
V. St. Louis Butchers' Supply Co.,
1032
V. St. Paul & D. R. R., 584a
V. St. Paul City Ry., 1348
e. St. Paul & W. C. Co., 1365
V. Schultz, 1249, 1256
V. Semple, 305
V. Slaymaker, 657
V. Smith, 385, 386, 387, 490
V. Southern Pac. R. R., 577
V. Stallcup, 271
V. State, 170
». Stear, 80, 627
V. Stinger, 109
V. Sumner, 317, 519
V. Tillson, 481
V. Travis, 638
V. Troy, 1270o
0. Union Pac. R. R., 1354
V. United States, 999e
V. Von Kettler, 66 111. 63; 384
V. Von Kettler, 84 111. 315; 1270
V. Weed, 798
V. Weedman, 352
V. Wells, 44, 488
V. Western U. T. Co., 79 Miss. 58
170, 879, 888
„. Western U. T. Co., 81 S. C. 235
46a, 894b, 894d
V. Western U. T. Co., 82 S. C. 87
'894(i
V. White Mountain C. C. Assoc,
1049
V. Williams, 370, 681a, 692, 692i
Johnson & Co., Ltd., v. Johanson, 699
Johnson Ave., In re, 243c
Johnson County v. Carmen, 573a
Johnston v. Albany Dry Goods Co.,
264a
V. Christie, 70
V. Cleveland & T. R. R., 679
V. Cowan, 423
V. Crawford, 386, 487o
V. Disbrow, 376
V. Manhattan Ry., 1200
V. Old Colony R. R., 1117
V. Sexton, 681a
V. Southern Pac. Co., 1309
TABLE
[References
Johnston v. Wejls, 490
Johnstone v. Hall, 990c
V. Richmond & D. R. R., 851
Joice V. Branson, 360, 364, 365
Joiner v. Texas & P. Ry., 1371
JoUet V. Adler, 1138, 11656
V. Blower, 1110, 1121, 1151
V. Conway, 180, 486
V. Fox, 171
V. Henry, 171a
V. Le Pla, 2216
Jolley V. Rutherford, 684
Jolly V. Des Moines Northwestern R.
R., 1154c
V. Parral & D. R. R., 6476
V. Single, 134a
V. Terre Haute D. B. Co., 593
Jonas V. Noel, 984
V. Springfield Waterworks Co., 999c
Jones V. Adams, 655
V. Allen, 86a, 685?
V. Alsbrook, 565a
V. Annis, 542
V. Bates, 1251
V. Blair, 555
V. Boyce, 43A, 226a
V. Bradford, 807a
V. Brooke^ 705, 803
V. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 43i
V. Brown, 302a
V. Bunker Hill & S. M. & C. Co.,
1354
V. Call, 182o
V. Carragan, 1168
V. Chamberlain, 276, 736
V. Chapman, 4A8d
V. Chicago & I. R. R., 1165
V. Childs, 684a, 795
W.Cobb, 107d, 492a
V. Coffey, 914
V. Cooley Lake Club, 937, 942
V. Corte, The, 47
V. Deyer, 672, 1064
V. Doles, 541
' V. Dyke, 838, 1002
V. Erie & W. V. R. R., 1120
V. F. S. Rayster Guano Co., 947
V. Festiniog Ry. Co., 33
V. Fletcher, 265
V. Foster, 313o
OF CASES 2915
are to sections]
Jones V. Galigher, 310
V. Gardiner, 1021a
V. Gardner, 301
V. George, 56 Tex. 149; 133, 191
V. George, 61 Tex. 345; 766
!?. Gilbert, 567
V. Gooday, 939
V. Greeley, 445
V. Green, 408
V. Hannovan, 101, 940
V. Haseltine, 974
V. Hayderi, 704
V. Hays, 684
V. Hicks, 78
V. Horn, 82, 497e, 1069
V. Jackson, 667
V. Jenkins, 458, 459
V. Jennings, 753
V. Jones, 16 Ala. 545; 808
V. Jones, 71 111. 562; 363a, 366
V. Jones, 1 Ired. Eq. 332; 310a
V. Jones, 2 Swan, 605; 660, 665
V. Joynei', 801
V. Judd, 655c
V. Just, 762
V. Kansas City, F. S. & M. Ry.,
574a, 577
V. Keith, 1152a
V. Kellogg, 497/
V. King, 109
V. Kinney, 439i
V. Kramer & Bros. Co., 924
V. Lamon, 378,, 565a
V. Leonardt, 578
V. Lewis, 236, 1257
V. Lowell, 83
V. McNeil, 55
V. Mallory, 305
V. Manufacturers' Nat. Bank,. 341
V. Marsh, 659
V. Marshall, 1263
V. Matthews, 361.
V. Mayer, 766
V. Merrill, 915
V. Mial, 607
V. Morehead, 1230
V. Morgan, 1298
V. Mudd, 1025
V. Murray, 448a
V. Nathrop, 186
2916
TABLE OF CASES
[ReferenoeB are to sections]
Jones V. National Printing Co;, 166, 742
V. Nelson, 186
V. New Orleans & S. R. R., 1133,
1175
V. N. Y., 655o
V. Niagara Junction Ry., 1354
V. Noe, 107£f, 973
V. Peterson, 482
V. Portland, 1307
». Queen, 407, 419
V. Rahilly, 374
t>. Richardson, 1301
V. Ross, 766
». Soriven, 1072
V. Seattle, 1143o
1). Seligman, 1164
V. Smith, 691a
V. Snider, 497^
V. State, 704
». Stevenson, 451
». Telegraph Co., 109, 893
B. Texas & N. O. R. R., 48^, 864
V. Texas & P. Ry., 2260
i). Townsend, 452
V. Turpin, 360, 388
V. United' States, 942
». Utica & B. R. R. R., 1291
e. Vance Shoe Co., Q73d
i>. Van Patten, 30
V. Voorhees, 873
V. Wells, 856a
V. Wills Valley R. R., 1137
D. Wolcott, 835, 836, 837
V. Woodbury, 655
Jones's Appeal, 1300
Jones & Adams Co. v. George, 1331
Jones Lumber Co. v. Gatliff, 934
Jonesboro L. C. & E. Ry. ». Cable, 937
t). Crigger, 416
Jonsson v. Lindstrom, 935a
Joost V. Craig, 692p
Joplin C. M. Co. V. Joplin, 1123
Joplin Water Co. v. Bathe, 762
Jordan v. Adams, 801
V. Benwood, 69, 72, 74, 1123
V. Bowen, 1309
V. Cedar Rapids & M. C. Ry., 181
V. Delaware & A. T. Co., 930, 933
1). Eaton, 858
V. Fitz, 659
Jordan v. La Vine, 689a
V. Lewis, 411
V. Middlesex R. R., 180, 486
V. New York & H. R. R., 1356
V. Patterson, 159, 162
V. Seattle, 1216; 1355
V. Thomas, 539
V. Warren Ins. Co., 710, 841
Joseph V. Edison Electric Co., 1353
u. Lyon, 325
V. Richardson, 762, 773
V. Sulzberger, 741
Joseph Schlitz Brewing Co. v. Compton,
93
V. Dilncan, 218
Josey V. Wihnington & M. R. R., 432a
Joske ». Pleasants, 608, 614, 642
Josling V. Irvine, 734
Joshua Barker, The, 596, 845
Joshua L. Bailey & Co. t). Western U.
T. Co., 891
Jourolmon v. Ewing, 282; 301B, 340
Joy V. Bitzer, 125, 769
V. Grindstone Neck Water Co.,
1152
V. Hopkins, 1294
1). Morgan, 814
V. Security Ins. Co., 722
Joyscli). Barney, 544
Joyner v. Weeks, 999^
Jo^a V. Moroney, 454
Juchter v. Boehm, 1304
Jucher v. Whitridge, 1367
Judd V. Ballard, 4866
V. Dennison, 762a
Judden v. Dike, 301, 311c
Judice V. Southern Pac. Co., 610
Judge V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
11496
Judkins v. Walker, 673a
Judson ». Griffin, 274
V. Reardon, 1336
Juilliard v. Greenman, 269
Juiilard v. Orem, 310a
Julius Jonson's Sons v. Buellesbach,
166
Jumel' V. Mar Ins. Co;, 717
Junction Lumber Co. v. Sharp, 948
Junction R. R. v. Rogers, 380
June V. Falkinburg, 762
TABLE
[References
Jungblum v. Minneapolis N. W. & S
W. R. R., 942
Juniata, The, 588, 599
Just v. Grave, 89
V. Porter, 535
Justice V. Kirlin, 445
V. Mendell, 493
V. Nesquehoning V. Ry., 1176
V. Philadelphia, 1157
Justy V. Erro, 834d
Jutte V. Hughes, 155, 2266, 948, 1265
Juul V. Kitsap Transp. Co., 1358
K. B. Koosa & Co. v. Warten, 990
K. E. Mining Co. v. Jacobson, 412
Kabus V. Frost, 992
Kadgin v. Miller, 1254
Kadish v. Young, 636o, 636/, 753, 758
Kafer ». Harlow, 689a
Kahn v. Kahn, 90
Kake v. Horton, 574a, 578
Kalbfleisch, The, 597a
Kalckhoff v. Zoehriaut, 256
Kalembach v. Michigan Cent. R. R.,
1371
Kaley v. Shed, 55, 60
Kalfur V. Broadway F. & M. A. B. R.,
1356
Kalkhoff V. Nelson, 90, 636<i
Kalkman v. Baylis, 674
Kamerick v. Castleman, 317
Kampmann v, Rothwell, 1347
Kane v. Johnson, 1826, 565c
V. Mitchell Transportation Co.,
1367
V. New York Elevated Railroad,
llfll
V. New York, N. H. & H. R, E.,
86c
V. Ohio Stone Co., 657
V. Sanger, 956, 959
V. Smith, 310
Kankakee & S. R. R. v. Horan, 131 111.
288; 926
V. Horan, 23 HI. App. 259; 95, 225
Kannon*. Pillow, 911
Kansas & C. P. Ry. v. Curry, «9, 636^
Kansas & T. C. Co. v. Reed, 1364
m CASES 2917
are to sections]
Kansas B. P. Co. v. rUnited States F. &
G. Co., 688a
Kansas Central By. v. AUen, 1149, 1154
Kansas City v. Davidson, 611
V. Frohwerk, 924
■ V. Kansas City B. Ry., 1164
V. Manning, 1348
V. Mprse, 1168
V. Morton, 1172a
V. Mulkey, 1160
Kansas City & E. R. R. v. jKregelo,
1165, 1166
Kansas City & O. R. R. v. .Rogers, «33
Kansas City & T. Ry. v. Splitlqg, 253,
1171
Kansas City E. & S. R. R. v. Merrill,
1154
Kansas Qty, F. S. &.M. R. R. v. Cook,
942
V. Daughtry, 584
V. Eagan, 490
Kansas City, F. S. & G. R. R. v. Kier,
368
Kansas City, Ft. S. & M. R. R. v.
Little, 865
V. McGahey, 873
V. Stoner, 860
Kansas City Hotel Co. v. Sauer, 238,
806
Kansas City H. P. Co. v. Devol, 1230,
1243
Kansas City M. &£. R. R. w. Donjgh-
try, 377o
V. Foster, 865
V. Lackey, 1110
V. Southern Ry. N^wsCo., 795
Kansas City, M. & 0. Ry. «. Mayfield,
937
Kansas City, M. & B. R. R. v. Phillips,
380
t)., Sanders, 5716
Kansas City, O. L. & T. Ry. v. Weiden-
mann, 252
Kansas City R. R. v. Berry, 336
Kansas-City S. <fe G. R. R. v. Louisiana
W. R. R., 1152o, 1169
Kansas City S. B. R. R. v. JNorcross,
1154, 1161
Kansas City S. C. & R. Co. v, Taylor,
1354
2918
Table of cases
[References are to sections]
Kansas City, St. J. & C. B. R. R. v.
Simpson, 851
Kansas City S. Ry. v. Anderson, 1169
V. Boles, 1168
V. Frost, 577
V. Henrie, 1367
V. Hewie, 574a
Kansas City Star Co. v. Carlisle, 447,
448o
Kansas City Stock Yard Co. v. Haw-
kins, 852
Kansas City, W. & N. W. R. R. v.
Fisher, 1171
Kansas P. Ry. v. Cutter, 580
V. Little, 368
V. Lundin, 574a
V. Mihlman, 92, 95, 214, 226&
V. Miller, 584
V. Pointer, 41, 47, 180, 226/, 481,
485
». Peavey, 1357
V. Reynolds, 854
Kansas Protective Union v. Whitt, 732
Kansas Z. M. & S. Co. v. Brown, 933
Karan v. Pease, 580a
Karasich v. Hasbrouch, 1347
Karbach v. Fogel, 988a
Karch v. Commonwealth, 692t
Karczenska v. Chicago, 1354
Kares v. Covell, 1012o
Karkowski v. Pitass, 377
Kamitzky v. Banwer, 414
Kams V. Allen, 36a
Karr v. Karr, Slid
». Parks, 485
ti^ Peter, 679a
Karst ». St. Paul, S. & T. P. R. R., 214B,
932, 939
Karthaus v. Owings, 689a
Karwowski v. Pitass, 368
Kaskaskia Bridge Co. v. Shannon, 1031
Kaspari v. Marsh, 574
Kasper v. Walla, 495
Kastner v. Long Island R. R., 380
Katahdin P. & P. Co. v. Peltomaa,
1270a ,
Kattelman v. Guthrie, Slid
Katz V. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 1369
V. Cleveland, C; C. & St. L. Ry.,
856
Katz V. Wolf, 170
Kauflfman v. Babcock, 1826
Kaufman v. Fye, 639a, 640a
V. Tacoma, O. & G. H. R. R., 1123,
1143a
V. Tredway, 302o
V. Wicks, 357, 383a
Kauss V. Rohner, 671
Kavanagh v. Brooklyn, 1112
Kavanaugh v. Day, 678
V. Taylor, 170a, 317
Kaveh v. South Omaha, 1154
Kayser v. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R.,
1165a, 1166
Kazy V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894
Keables v. Christie, 1304
Keaggy v. Hite, 493
Keane v. Branden, 310
V. Main, 364
V. Seattle, 1352
Kear v. Garrison, 43j
Kearney v. Boston & W. R. R., 5706
V. Glutton, 497e
V. Doyle, 6556
V. Fitzgerald, 36a, 1251, 1252, 1256
V. Metropohtan El. R. R., 1201
Keast V. Santa Ysabel G. M. Co., 574
Keating v. Boston El. Ry., 486c
V. Cincinnati, 939
V. Springer, 1057
Keber v. Mahoney City Gas Co., 182
Keck V. Bieber, 410, 413
Kedden v. Pubhc Service Ry., 1364
Keeble v. Keeble, 415, 416
Keefei). Fairfield, 412
V. Lee, 1261, 1270a
Keegan v. Harlan, 182
■ t). Kinhare, 999;, 1042
Keehn v. McGillicudd^, 1112a
Keehner v. Kinder, 339 ^
Keel V. Ogden, 684
Keeler v. Herr, 657
V. Ricker, 682
V. Wood, 238, 962, 982, 983
Keeler Co. v. Schott, 753
Keeley v. Great No. Ry., 578
Keeling v. Pommer, 1249, 1249a
Keen v. St. Louis, I. M. & S. R. R.,
' 1270
t), Whittington, 688
TABLE
[References
Keenan v. Getsinger, 664a
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1270a
Keene v. Dilke, 226c
V. Keene, 287, 325
V. Lizardi, 378
V. Metropolitan El. R. R., 1205c
Keenholts v. Becker, 88, 444a
Keenan v. Cavanaugh, 125a, 929
Keep V. Fuller, 1237
Keesling v. Frazier, 803
Kehoe v. Allentown & L. V. Traction
Co., 218
V. Philadelphia, 110
V. Rutherford, 615, 6556
Kehrer v. Richmond City, 1112
Kehrig v. Peters, 378
Keiffer v. Smith, 55
Keigher v. St. Paul, 337
Keil V. Chartiers V. C. Co., 380
Keiley v. The Cypress, 599
Keir v. Leeman, 36
Keim v. Warfield, 101
Keirnan v. Heaton, 373, 932
Keith V. Day, 962
V. Haggart, 82
V. Ham, 58
V. Henkleman, 685, 685j
V. Hinkston, 89, 636ft
V. Ridge, 656
V. Tilford, 1297
Keithsburg & Eastern R. R. v. Henry,
1129, 1138
Kell». Trenchard, 778
Kellam v. Hampton, 408, 414
Kellar v. Carr, 689a
V. Lewis, 226/
Keller v. American B. P. Co., 448
V. Berry, 1309
V. Boatman, 791
V. Oilman, 486o, 1307
V. Stoltzenbaugh, 1216
Kellerman v. Arnold, 1247, 1249, 1254
V. Kansas City, S. J. & C. B. R. R.,
851
Kellett V. Robie, 637, 1339
Keiley v. Archer, 493a
V. Bradford, 661
V. Central R. R., 573a, 574a
V. Dillon, 448d
e. Highfield, 637o, 639o
OF CASES 29ld
are to sections]
Keiley v. Keiley, 484
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 1167
V. Mckibben, 540
V. Miles, 984, 987
V. Ohio R. R. R., 673a
V. Phoenix Nat. Bank, 325, 3406
V. Riley, 639
V. Seay, 676
V. State, 692e
V. Third Nat. Bank, 1258
V. West, 1025
Keiley, Maus & Co. v. La Crosse Car-
riage Co., 603
Kellinger v. Forty-second St. & O. S. F.
R. R., 1183, 1184, 1187
Kellogg V. Albany & H. R. & P. Co.,
1367
!). Citizens' Ins. Co., 664 '
V. Curtis, 411
V. Frohlich, 753
V. Hickok, 341
V. Kirksville, 95
V. Krauser, 1295
«;. Lavender, 326
V. MaUck, 993, 999
V. MaUn, 65, 970, 973
V. Manro, 553, 654, 686
V. Ry., 67a
V. Scott, 692a
V. Sweeney, 46 N. Y. 291; 271, 272
V. Sweeney, 1 Lans. 397; 272
V. Thompson, 256
Kellogg Bridge Co. v. United States,
642
Kelly V. Allen, 1016, 1027
V. Altemus, 133, 638
V. Baltimore, 1172a
V. Butte, 942, 1347
V. Carthage Wheel Co., 664, 667,
669
V. Cunningham, 772
V. Dutch Church of Schenectady,,
959, 985
V. Fahmey, 163a
V. Fall Brook Coal Co., 313
V. Fejervary, 413, 419
V. Low, 979
V. McDonald, 1326
V. McKibben, 226c
V. Moody, 6926
2920
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to 'sections]
Kelly V. New York & M. B. B,. R., 70
V. Partington, 113
V. Pember, 1050
V. Peirce, 6226, 756
V. Renfro, 50, 53, 641e
V. Rochester, 1371
V. Rogers, 233, 234
V. Sherlock, 98, 1368
V. Smith, 821
V. United States, 642
V. Wheel Co., 666
Kellyville Coal Co. w. Moreland, 1309
Kelsey v. Murphy, 335
V. Remer, 226e, 979, 980
Kelso ». Marshall, 752
V. Reid, 418
Kelty V. Jones, 107d
Kember v. Southern Exp. Co., 851
Kemble v. Farren, 399, 413
Kemmerer v. Edleman, 99
V. Kemmerer, 310o
Kemner v. Beaumont Lumber Co,, 959
Kemp V. Finden, 808
V. Knickerbocker Ice Co., 423
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 1109
V. Western U. T. Co., 876
Kemper v. Louisville, 1166d
Kempker v. Roblyer, 819
Kempner v. Cohn, 1012
V. Heidenheimer, 1023
Kendall v. Albia, 47, 226/, 482
V. Aleshire, 692i
V. Fitts, 531, 535
V. Lewiston Water Power Co., 335
I). May, 1304
V. Stone, 5 N. Y. 14; 455
V. Stone, 2 Sandf. 269; 352
Kendall B. N. Co. v. Commissioners of
Sinking Fund, 613, 614
Kenderdine Hydro-Carbon Fuel Co. v.
Plumb, 610, 619, 625
Kendrick v. -Forney, 801
V. Kemp, 446
V. McCrary, 48, 473
t». Ryus, 1027
V. Towle, 318
Kenerson v. Colgan, 607o
Kenkele v. Manhattan R. R., 1190 '
Kenley v. Commonwealth, 689o
Kennebeck Co. v. Boulton, 36o
Kennebeck Purchase v. Boulton, 1279
Kennebec Water Dist. v. Waterville,
1171c
Kennedy v. American Express Co., 200
V. Barnwell, 308o
V. Brown, 681a
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 1354,
1359
V. Dodge, 852, 1049
V. Dubuque, etc., R. R., 1167
>». Erdway, 366, 373
V. Gregory, 44:8d
V. Nims, 688
V. North Missouri R. R., 347
V. Rodgers, 637, 638, 368a, 638b
V. St. Paul aty Ry., 1347, 1364
V. South Shore Lumber Co., 666
V. Strong, 295, 317
V. Standard Sugar Refinery, 5706
V. Sullivan, 1254
V. Travis County, 1149
V. Way, 1368
V. Whitwell, 317, 519
V. Woodrow, 364, 377
Kennett v. Fickel, 537, 1296
Kenney v. Hannibal & S. J. Ry., 293
V. Knight, 633
V. South Shore N. G. & F. Co.,
1358
Kennison v. Taylor, 283, 239, 966, 982,
983
Kennon v. Dickins, 345
ti. Gilmer, 1330
V. Thompson, 343
V. Western U. T. Co., 101
Kenny v. Collier, 98, 183, 984
V. Knickerbocker B. & Y. Co., 614
V. Marquette Cement Mfg. Co.,
1357
Kenrig v. Eggleston, 1216
Kent V. Mtna, Ins Co., 725
V. fionzey, 453
V. Sown, 331
V. Dunham, 301c
V. Ginter, 516a, 745
V. Halliday, 133
V. Hudson R. R. R„ 847
V. Kelway Lane, 1216
V. Kent, 302o
V. St. Joseph, 1140
TABLE OF CASES
2921
[References
Kent County Agricultural Society v.
Ide, 935a
Kenton Ins. Co. v. First Nat. Bank, 303
Kentucky v. Janioek, 1165a
Kentucky & I. B. & R. Co., v. Sing-
heiser, 1347
Kentucky & I. C. Co. ». Cleveland, 611
». Morgan, 935
Kentucky C. R. R. v. Ackley, 41, 47,
180, 226/
V. Dills, 368
V. Gastineau, 584
tf. Ryle, 1356
Kentucky D. & W. Co. v. Barrett, 948
V. Lillard, 608
Kentucky Hotel Co, v. Camp, 1348
V. Hood, 143, 373
Kentucky L. & I. Co. v. Crabtree, 689a
Kentucky M. Ry. v. Stump, 373
Kentucky Stave Co. v. Page, 933, 934
Kentucky Title Co. v. English, 346
Kentucky Wagon Mfg. Co. v. Shake,
1359
Kenwood Bridge Co. v. Dunderdale,
655c
Kenworthy v. Hopldns, 700
V. Stevens, 657
Kenyon v. Cameron, 360, 387
V. Goodall, 153
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R„ 924,
932
V. Western U. T. Co., 109
V. Woodrufi, 440, 785, 802
Keon V. Whitney, 999c
Kepple If. Keokuk, 1112a
V. Lehigh C. & N. Co., 924
V. Petersburg R. R., 278
Kerfoot v. Marsden, 638
Kerkow v. Bauer, 573a, 580, 1251
Kerley v. Richardson, 975, 979, 1013
Kerling v. G. W. Van Dusen & Co.,
580a, 1367
Kern v. Creditors, 803
Kemgood v. Gusdorf, 685A
Kemochan v. Manhattan R. R., 1201
V. New York B. F. I. Co., 725
V. New York El. R. R., 926, 1201
Kerns v. Hagenbuchle, 637, 637o, 1339,
1340
Kerr v. Blair, 246
are to sections]
Kerr v. Cusenbary, 673d
V. FuUarton, 686
V. Haverstick, 326, 328
V. Love, 312
V. Minnesota M. B. Assoc, 732
V. Mount, 493a
V. O'Connor, 36a
V. Quaker City Ins. Co., 716
V. Shaw, 456
V. South Park Comrs., 1138, 1162
V. Union Ry., 1368
Kerrigan v. Market St. R. R., 580
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 1306
Kersenbrock v. Martin, 53Ja
Kersey v. Schuylkill River E. S. R. R.,
1142, 1149, 1164
Kerslake v. Mclnnis, 412
Kervin v. Utter, 313
Kerz V. Wold, 685j, 685fc
Kesler v. Smith, 574
Kessee v. Mayfield, 673/
Kester v. Miller, 760
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a,. 894
Ketcham v. Cohn, 66
V. Eox, 1254
Ketchum v. Wells, 1060
Kettle V. Harvey, 661
V. Hutchinson, 1060
V. Lipe, 802
Kettleworth v. Refuge Assur. Co., 439c
Key V. Hehson, 1053
V. Key, 1012
Keyes v. Devlin, 481, 487o
V. Minneapolis & St. Louis Ry., 44,
226a
V. Pueblo S. & R. R., 1222
V. Western V. S. Co., 209, 226, 618,
647c, 991, 992, 1070
I). Morrison, 294
Keyser v. Jurvelius, 857
V. Lake Shore & M. S. By., 95,
1109
Keystone L. & I. Co. v. McGrath, 363o,
368
Keystone L. & S. M. Co. v. Dole, 660,
662
Keystone Mfg. Co. v. Adams, 1243
Keyworth v. Hill, 492a
Kibler v. Southern Ry., 365
Kickw. Doerste, 606, 655/
2922
tABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Kicks V. State Bank, 1012o
Kidd V. McCormick, 633d
V. Mitchell, 515
Kidder v. Barker, 547
V. Oxford, 331a
Kidney v. Stoddard, 439/
Kielty v. Buehler-Cooney Const. Co.,
1355
Kienle v. Fred Gretsch Realty Co., 995
Kiernan v. Chicago, S. F. & C. Ry.,
1294
». Germain, 991
V. Rocheleau, 762
Kiersted v. State, 686
Kiff V. Youmans, 384, 487
Kiger v. McCarthy Co., 1011
Kilboum v. Thompson, 364, 366, 368,
461, 462, 464
Kilbourne v. State Inst., 12866
Kilburn v. Coe, 1250
Kilby V. Erwin, 933
Kiley v. Lee Canning Co., 753
V. Western U. T. Co., 109 N. Y.
231; 875, 876
V. Western U. T. Co., 39 Hun, 158;
888
Kilgore v. Powers, 326
Kille«.Ege,908,911
Killen v. North Jersey St. Ry., 1371
Killian v. Eigenmann, 294
Killilan v. Hemdon, 339a
Kihner v. Parrish, 1368, 1369
V. Reckitt, 1358
Kilmore v. Abdoolah, 1282
Kilpatrick v. Haley, 378, 380a
V. Inman, 617
V. William Whitmer & Sons, 734
Kimball v. Adams, 1174
V. Bryant, 966, 979
V. Connolly, 560
V. Deere, 752
V. Doggett, 993
V. Holmes, 44a, 436
V. Marshall, 82
Kimball & A. M. Co. v. Vroman, 764
Kimball Bros. Co. v. Citizens' Gas &
Electric Co., 205
Kimberly v. Howland, 43ft, 486a
Kimel v. Kimel, 98, 99
Kimes v. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 293
Kimic V. San Jose-Los Gates I. Ry.,
1326, 1360
Kimmell v. Bums, 326, 328
Kimports v. Breton, 734
Kincaid v. Brittain, 966
V. Price, 753
V. Walla Walla V. T. Co., 1348
Kindred v. Stitt, 464
King V. Bangs, 73, 81
V. Board of Council of City of Dan-
ville, 941
V. Bressie, 1027, 1052
V. Brewer, 677
». Brown, 651, 6736, 1020
V. Buckman, 3016
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 85c
V. Comrs. of Sewers, 1108
V. Des Moines, 647
V. Diehl, 301c
V. Finch, 3406
V. Fowler, 937
V. Franklin, 492a
V. Gilson, 966, 977
V. Gray, 1013
V. Ham, 497
V. Hanson, 385
V. Herron, 692o
V. Hudson R. R. R., 620
n. Iowa M. R. R., 1110
V. Kerr, 961, 978, 981
V. Kersey, 639
V. Little, 912, 913
V. London Dock Co., 1093
V. Merriman, 503, 934
V. Minneapolis N. Ry., 252, 1171
V. Mott, 1028
V. Nichols, 53 Minn. 453; 618
V. Nichols, 16 Oh. St. 80; 692i
ti. Orser, 55a, 76, 244, 493
V. Oshkosh, 481, 485, 1289, 1307
V. Perfection B. M. Co., 618
V. Phillips, Peters C. C. 350; 803
V. PhilUps, 95 N. C. 245; 339
V. Pyle, 960, 975, 1028
V. Ramsey, 691a, 6916
V. Root, 352, 377, 451
V. Sassaman, 364, 377
V. Scammbnden, 964
V. Shepherd, 317, 845
V, Sherwood, 852
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2923
King t). Southern Pac. Co., 317, 318
V. State M. F. I. Co., 725
V. Steiren, 206, 227, 667
V. Waterman, 636(i
V. Will J. Block Amusement Co.,
'667
V. Wise, 1041
V. Woodbridge, 854
King County, v. Ferry, 692b
Kingdom v. Cox, 659
Kingfisher v. Altizer, 1309
Kinghome v. Montreal Telegraph Co.,
883
Kingman v. Western Mfg. Co., 613,
636c, 752
Kingman & Co. i>. Hanna Wagon Co.,
752
Kingfibury v. Millner, 959, 982
V. Smith, 495, 983
V. Westfall, 67o, 999c
Kingsland v. Clark, 999(i
Kingston v. Fort Wayne, etc., Ry., 1303
Kinnaird v. Standard Oil Co., 91
Kinne v. New Haven, 1041
Kinnear v. Robinson, 494
Kinner v. Shepard, 1230
Kinney w. Crocker, 482o
V. Folkerts, 1354
V. Watts, 959, 985
Kinports v. Breon, 763
Kinsella v. Riesenberg, 1270a
Kinsey v. Wallace, 1330
Kinssly v. Hire, 384
Kintz V. McNeal, 946
Kip V. Brigham, 792, 805
Kipp J). Wiles, 737
Kirbs V. Propne, 682
Kirby v. Armstrong, 1233
V. Forbes, 691d
V. Railroad, 1110, 1167
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 1352,
1355
V. Western U. T. Co., 876
Kirby Liunber Co: v. C. R. Cummings
& Co., 742
V. Lloyd, 484, 485
Kirchman v. Tuffli Bros. P. I. & C. Co.,
753
Kirchner v. Myers, 1248, 1251
Kirk V. Du Bois, 1243
Kirk V. Hartman, 667
V. Seattle Electric Co., 181
Kirkeys v. Crandall, 819
Kirkman v. VanUer, 303, 341
Kirkpatrick v. Downing, 1007
V. McNamee, 935
Kirksey v. Friend, 795
V. Jones, 683
Kirschmann v. Lediard, 753
Kirtlaiid v. Molton, 278
Kisseoker v. Monn, 927
Kissinger-Ison Co. v. Bradford Belting
Co., 1230
Kist t). Atkinson, 1038
Kitchen v. Branch Bank at Mobile, 301
• Kitchen Bros. Hotel Co. v. Philbin, 182,
988o
Kitchenman v. Skeel, 1276, 1277
Kittel V. Augusta, T. & G. R. R., 305
Kittel's Estate, 305
Kittredge v. McLaughlin, 345
Kitzinger v. Sanborn, 734
Kivett V. Western U. T. Co., 894(i
■Klages V. Philadelphia & R. T. R. R. R.,
331a
Klein v. Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry., 1363
V. Burleson, 1270
V. East River Electric Light Co;,
346
V. Equitable Gaslight Co., 126d
V. Jewett, 486
V. Klein, 1271
V. Second Avenue R. R., 482a
V. Thompson, 67
Kleiner v. Third Ave. R. R., 1270a
Klemm v. New York C. & H. R. R.,
1367
Kleppner v. Lemon, 999fc
Klewin v. Bauman, 364, 377
KUeb V. Mclnturff, 778
KHnck V. Colby, 447
Kline v. Kline, 43i, 484
V. McCandless, 494c, 565a
Klingman v. Holmes, 376
ti. Racine Sattley Co., 608, 633
Klinkert v. Fulton S. & M. Co., 531o,
536, 537, 538
Klock V. Robinson, 334, 336
Klopfer V. Bromme, 386, 475
Kopp V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 1149
2924
TABLE aF CASES
[References
Klosterman v. Chesapeake & O. R. R.,
1149
Knadler v. Sharp, 979
Knapp V. Banks, 1285
V. Barnard, 136, 565c
V. Campbell, 451
V. Great W. Ry., 95
V. Lee, 973
V. Maltby, 400, 417
V. Roche, 57
V. Sioux City & P. Ry., 485, 1355
V. United States & C. Exp. Co.,
256, 819, 856a
Knatz V. Wise, 311/
Kneeland v. American L. & T. Co.,
336
Knefel v. Ahem, 235a
Knepper v. Kurtz, 973
Knettle v. Crouse, 345
Knickerbocker v. Wilcox, 803
Knickerbocker Ice Co. v. Gardiner
Dairy Co., 364, 470a
V. Leyda, 172
Knickerbocker Ins. Co. v. Gould, 301,
724
Kniffen v. McConnell, 638, 639, 640a,
641
Knight V. Beckwith Commercial Co.,
375, 540
w. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 2146
V. Egerton, 61, 990a
V. Eureka Ins. Co., 712o
t». Foster, 445, 452
V. Hughes, 808
V. Maclean, 678
V. Mantz, 304
V. Mitchell, 310
V. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R., 1206
V. Sadtler L. & Z. Co., 573o, 578
V. Turner, 973
Knights of Pythias v. Allen, 301
Knights Templars & M. L. I. Co. v.
Crayton, 302
Knisely v. Hire, 933
Knobell v. Fuller, 452
Knoth V. Barclay, 1154a
Knott V. Botany Mills, 596o
V. Burwell, 453
V. Gough, 233
Knouff V. Logansport, 119
are to sections]
Knowlden v. Guardian Printing, ete^
Co., 448a
Knowles v. Baldwin, 302
V. Kennedy, 977
V. Leggert, 999
V. N. S. R. R., 360, 365, 372
V. Nunns, 125, 769
V. Pierce, 542
V. Sandercock, 301a
V. Steele, 107a, 984
Knowlton v. Mackay, 417
V. Oliver, 752, 753
Knox V. Great Western Q. M. Co., 1231
V. Hook, 962
V. Jones, 298, 308
V. Keams, 692c
V. Lee, 269
Knoxville, C. G. & L. R. R. v. Wyrick,
573o
Knoxville Traction Co. v. Lane, 380
Knudtson v. Robinson, 1256e
Koch V. Godshaw, 185, 734
V. PhiUips Inv. Co., 938
V. Streuter, 426
V. Williams, 6736
Kocher v. Mayberry, 6.11
Kock V. Sackman-^Phillips Inv. Co., 64,
932
Koeltz V. Bleqkman, 743
Koenigkraemer v. Missouri Glass Co.,
667
Koenigs v. Jung, 373, 1334
Koerber v. Patek, 43ft, 43i, 47
Koemer v. Oberly, 386, 1254, 1256
Koestel v. Cunningham, 377a
Koestenbader v. Peirce, 65, 970, 975
Koester v. Cowan, 373
Kohai V. MacDonald, 498
Kohler v. Smith, 325
Kohlsaat v. Crate, 685
Kohn V. Dravis, 497e
Kohne v. Insurance Co. of Nor^ Amer-
ica, 259
V. White, 991, 992
Kokomo V. Mahan, 1112a
Kolb V. Bankhead, 368
V. O'Brien, 368
V. Southern Ry., 157
Kolka 1). Jones, 459
Kolon, The, 587
TABLE OF CASES
2925
[References
Kolsch V. Jewell, 637, 639
Koon V. Greenmam, 655, 6556
V. Munro, 311b
Koona v. Miller, 298
Kopecky v. Benish, 942
Kopp V. Northern P. R. R., 932, 939
Kopplin V. Quade, 435
Korf V. Lull, 645, 984, 1044, 1067
Kom V. New York El. R. R., 1201
Komegay v. White, 316, 772
Kortwright V. Commercial Bank, 627o
Koptz ». Carpenter, 956
Korzib v. NetherlandB-American S. N,
Co., 1359
Koshkonong v. Burton, 346
Kostendader v. Pierce, 970, 975
Kostopolos V. Pezzetti, 183
Kotz V. IlUnois Cent. R. R., 1109
Kountz V. Brown, 368, 373a
V. Gates, 828, 829
V. Kirkpatrick,- 249, 745
V. Toledo, S. L. & W. R. R., 1306
Kountze v. Omaha Hotel Co., 688a
Koyer v. White, 565
Kraber to. Union Ins. Co., 818a
Kracb v. Heilman, 1255
Kraft V. Fancher, 793
Krai V. Burlington, C. R. & N. Ry., 860
Kjramer v. Cleveland & Pittsburgh R.
R., 1148
V. Goodlander, 93Da
V. Messner, 165
to. Wolf Cigar Stores Co., 667
Krapi) to. Adierholt, 310a
Krasilnikoff to. Dundon, 762
Krause to. Busacker, 1027
to. Rutherford, 686a
Kreamer ». Irwin, 610, 614
Krebs v. Security T. & L. I. Co., 730
to. Bambrick Bros. Const. Co., 948
Krebs Hop Co. to. Livesley, 114 Pac.
944; 753, 757
to. Livesley, 118 Pac. 165; 753
Krebs Mfg. Co. ». Brown, 155
Kreibohm to. Yancey, 533
Kreiter to. Nichols, 1254
Kremer to. Chicago, etc., R. R., 1151,
1154
Krepp to. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 1007,
1012
are to sections]
Krepper v. Glenn, 681o
Kress to. Lawrence, 380, 1345
Kribs to. Jones, 734
Krider to. Lafferty, 933
Kriger to. Leppel, 6736
Krisinger ». Creston, 1363
Kroeger to. Passmore, 1336
to. Pitcairn, 836
Kroener to. Chicago, M. & St. P, Ry.,
1356
Krohn to. Oechs, 844, 845
Krom to. Levy, 190
Krone to. Block, 1263
Kroner to. Transit Co., 486
Kronold to. New York, 181, 482a
Kronschnable to. Knoblauch, 1296
Krueger v. Le Blanc, 214c
Krug to. Pitass, 382
to. Ward, 241, 459
Krumm to. Beach, 777, 1027
Krumwiede to. Manhattan R. R., 11986
Krutz to. Robbins, 411
Kucera to. Merrill Lumber Co., 4866
Kucheman to. C. C. & D. R. R., 1152a
Kuck to. Johnson, 1328
Kujek to. Goldman, 367, 439;
Kuhn to. Chicago, M. & S. P. R. R.,
361
to. McKay, 313, 736
to. Myers, 411
Kuhnis to. Lewis R. B. & L. Co., 219
Kunkle to. Wherry, 416
Kunkel to, Utah Lumber Co., 73
Kuntz to. Shnugg, 1023
Kupke to. St. Louis Tr. Co., 1360
Kurpgeweit to. Kirby, 43j, 1345
Kurrus to. Seibert, 101
Kurtz to. Frank, 53, 637a, 641c
to. Sponable, 420
Kuter to. Michigan Cent. R. R., 844
Kutner v. Fargo, 379, 387
Kyd to. Cook, 182
Kyle to. Bamett, 311c
to. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 45a
to. Fauntleroy, 982
to. Hoyle, 1006
to. Laurens R. R., 844
to. Mays, 334
to. Ohio R. R. R., 937
to. Roberts, 307
2926
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
L. Bucki & Son L. Co. v. Fidelity & D.
Ck)., 682, 682a,
L. Campbell & Co. v. Mion, 615
L. N. Lanier & Co. v. Little Rock
Cooperage Co., 734
La Amistad de Rues, 175
Labasse v. Piat, 42
La Bourgogne, 570, 590
Labowitz v. Frankfort, 655c
Lacas v. Detroit City Ry., 486
Lacey v. Marnan, 966
V. Straughan, 762
La Champagne, 43 Fed. 444; 587
La Champagne, 53 Fed. 398; 589, 594
LaChappelle v. Warehouse & B. S. Co.,
495
Lack V. Brecht, 317
Lackey v. Miller, 679a
Lackin v. Delaware & H. C. Co., 318
La Conner Co. v. Widmer, 854
Lacour v. New York, 182
Lacy V. Gentry, 361
V. Getman, 672
Lacy Mfg. Co. v. Los Angdes G. & E.
Co., 656
Ladd V. Arkell, 274, 275
V. Brewer, 537, 538
!). Hawkes, 998
V. Lord, 766
V. Ney, 251a
V. Redle, 930
Ladner v. Balsley, 993
La Doucre v. Nichel, 1347
La Du-King Manuf . Co. v. La Du, 651,
655c, 673/
Ladue v. Seymoiir, 665/
Lae V. Ruhl, 999a
La Farge v. Halsey, 1031
V. Mansfield, 1057
Lafayette v. James, 692a
V. Nagle, 95, 1112a, 1295
V. Wortman, 1112a
Lafayette B. & M. R. R. v. Winslow,
1166
Lafayette, M. & B. R. R. v. Murdock,
1166
Lafean v. York County, 1142
Lafferty v. Hannibal & S, J. R. R., 43e
Lafferty v. Milligan, 968
V. Schuylkill R. E. S. R. R., 1154o,
1159
V. Third Ave. R. R., 1357
Lafler v. Fisher, 377a
Laflin v. Chicago, W. & N. R. R., 1151
V. Willard, 103, 547
La France v. Krayer, 1251
Lahay v. City Nat. Bank of Denver,
439^
Lahey v. Crist, 1366
Lahr v. Metropolitan El. Ry., 95, 1184,
1187, 1188, 1190, 1192
Laidlaw v. Sage, 119
Laidley v. Merrifield, 334
Laines v. Philips, 686
Laing v. Hanson, 648a
V. Stone, 287
Laird v. Laird, 611
V. Pim, 1023
V. Townsend, 740
Lake v. Campbell, 670
V. Park, 311b
V. Merrill, 1258
Lake County v- Linn, 346
Lake E. & W. Ry. v. Fix, 47, 865
t>. Griffin, 67a
V. Mugg, 574a, 580a
*. Power, 205
V. Shelley, 1148
V. Tiemey, 666
Lake Roland E. Ry. v. Frick, 1148
V. Webster, 1117
Lake Shore & M. S. Ry. v. Baltimore &
Ohio R. R., 1138
V. Chicago,J121, 1165
V. Chicago & W. I. R. R., 1152a
V. Cincinnati, S. & C. R. R., 1163
V. Frantz, 41, 180, 226/
V. Hottman, 1367
V. People, 332
V. Prentice, 380
V. Richards, 126 III. 448; 612
V. Richards, 152 III. 59; 89, 636d
Lake S. R. R. v. Rosenzweig, 360, 380
Lake Shore & M. S. Ry. v. Warren,
873
Lake St. El. R. R. v. Gormley, 47
V. Johnson, 1347
V. Sandy, 1360
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2927
Lake Superior & M. R. R. v. Greve,
1155, need
Lakeman v. Grinnell, 317, 845
V. Pollard, 672
Lakeside Paper Co. v. State, 189, 338
Lakin v. State, 692i
Lallande v. Trezevant, 684, 685A
Lally V. Cantwell, 470o, 666
V. Crookston Lumber Co., 664,
673&
V. Wise, 685
Lalor V. Burrows, 742
Lamar Ins. Co. v. McGlashen, 717
Lamb v. Brolaski, 674
V. Buker, 149, 980a
V. Cecil, 343
V. Dart, 692/
V. Day, 61
V. Elizabeth City, 1148
V. Harbaugh, 383
V. Shaw, 685fc, 685i
V. Stone, 11 Pick. 527; 29, 32
V. Stone, 95 Wis. 254; 372
V. Walker, 93o, 925
V. West, 447
Lambert v. Alcorn, 685fc
V. Estes, 959, 964
V. Haskell, 182, 685, 685e
V. Jenkins, 644
V. King, 667
V. Pharis, 451
V. Schmalz, 325
Lambert-Murray Co. v. Southern Ex-
press Co., 169(1
Lambeth Rope Co. v. Brigham, 308
Lamerlec v. Barthelmy, 962, 983
Lamerson v. Marvin, 1052, 1053
Lamington, The, 5996
Lamkin v. Crawford, 755
Lamm v. Chicago, St. P. M. & O. Ry.,
85c, 95
Lammiman v. Detroit C. S. Ry., 226/
Lamond v. Sea Coast Canning Co., 200
Lamoreaux v. Rolfe, 90,. 618, Q36g
Lamos v. Snell, 451
Lamott V. Sterett, 339a
La Motte v. Angel, 844
Lampert v. Judge & D. D. Co., 373a,
1246c
Lampley v, Atlantic C. L. R. R., 937
Lampman v. Cochran, 413, 415
Lampon v. Corke, 964
Lamprey v. Mason, 330, 606c
Lamson & G.Mfg. Co. v. Russell, 1046
Lanagan v. Enos Fire Escape Co., 1351
Lanahan v. Heaver, 610
V. Ward, 330, 345
Lancashire & Yorkshire Ry. v. Evans,
1082
V. Gidlow, 182, 843
Lancaster v. Elliott, 302
Lancaster Mills v. Merchants' Cotton-
Press Co., 812
Lance v. Butler, 505
V. C. & M. R. R., 1166
Lancon v. Morgan's L. & T. R. R. &
S. S. Co., 1349
Lancoure v. Dupre, 1017
Land, etc., Co. v. Robertson, 695c
Landa v. Obert, 233, 234
Lande v. A. G. Hyde & Sons, 734, 741
Lander v. Proper, 565
V. Ware, 375
Landes v. Eichelberger, 565a
Landis v. Shanklin, 452
V. Wolf, 685e, 685fc
Landreth v. Wycoff, 191, 768
Landro v. Great N. Ry., 1347
Landry v. Lake Charles, 1139
Landsberger v. The Magnetic Tele-
graph Co., 879, 887
Lane v. Boston, 1112a
V. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 1367
V. Calby, 651
V. Fury, 982, 983
V. Hitchcock, 73
V. Holman, 464
V. Lantz, 762
V. Montreal T. Co., 879
V. Richardson, 973
V. Ruhl, 919
V. Turner, 308
Lane County v. Oregon, 270
Lang V. Fritz, 565c, 565a
V. Hill, 1360
V. Moole, 3016
V. New York, L. E. & W. R. R.,
486c
Langan v. jEtna Ins. Co., 723
V. Potter, 182
2928
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Langdon v. Castleton, 310, 344
V. Clarke, 1368
t). Gray, 6851
0. New York, 1161
Lange v. Werk, 416, 418
V. Wagner, 134, 685/
Langfeldt v. McGrath, 944
Langford ». Owsley, 91, 93
V. Tyler's Adm'r., 750
V. United States, 642
Langhorst v. Ahlers, 301c
Langhren v. Barnard, 6336
Langley v. Augusta, 924, 932, 1110
Langston v. S. C. Ry., 325, 346
V. Hagerty, 384tt
Langworthy v. Green, 484
V. McKelvey, 685A
Lanier v. Trigg, &79a
Lanigan v. Kille, 985, 988o
V. Neely, 1339
Lanius v. Druggist Pub. Co., 368
Lanning v. Peters Shoe Co., 308a
La Normandie, 595
Lanphier v. F. Johnson & Son Co., 1371
Lanquist v. Chicago, 1179
Lansgenberg v. Heer Dry Goods Co.,
976
Lansing v. Rattoone, 307
Lansing ». Smith, 8 Cowen, 146; 35,
1108
V. Smith, 4 Wend. 9; 35, 946
V. Wiswall, 35, 946
Lanston M. M. Co. ». Merganthaler
Linotype Co., 1261
Lantiy v. Parks, 673/
Lantz V. Frey, 1258
Lanusse v. Barker, 275
Lapham v. Osborne, 6736
Lapleine v. Morgan's L. & T. R. & S. S.
Co., 1216, 1360
LaPorte v. Wallace, 637o
Laporte Improvement Co. v. Brock,
166, 734
Lapp V. Illinois Watch Co., 740
Larabee v. Cook, 689
Laraway v. Perkins, 621, 1020, 1266
Larios v. Bonany y Gurety, 126c, 127o,
707, 819
Larkin v. Buck, 659
V. Glen Falls Ins. Co., 723o
Larkin v. Hecksher, 666
V. New York & N. R. R., 1356
V. Scranton, 1163
V. Trammel, 964
Larkins v. Tarter, 44Sd
Larmon v. District, 41, 47, 180, 226/
Lamed v. Allen, 692d
V. BuiGnton, 451
V. Hudson, 905
La Roche ». O'Hagan, 762 •
Larrabee v. Lumbert, 91
V. Minnesota Tribune Co., 4A8d
V. Southard, 302o
Larrimore v. Comanche County, 644
Larsen v. Postal T. C. Co., 888
V. Sedro-WooUey, 1355
Larson v. Chase, 43t
V. Grand Forks, 3806
V. Haglin, 1357
Lartigue v. Peet, 667
Larwell v. Stevens, 908
Larzelere v. Kirchgessner, 1249, 1254
Lasala v. Holbrook, 93a
Lash V. Lambert, 340c
Lassas v. McCarty, 695
Lassiter v. Okeetee Club, 910
V. Western U. T. Co., 876
Latchtimacker v. Jacksonville T. & W.
Co., 1367
Late V. Armorer, 983
Latham v. Brown, 256
V. Darling, 330
V. Westervelt, 554a
V. Wilcox, 31 Id
Lathers v. Wyman, 496
Lathrop v. Atwood, 789
V. Michaelson, 917
V. O'Brien, 1023
Lathrope v. Flood, 1343
Latimer o. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1303
V. Motler, 79
V. New York Cotton Mills, 667
Laton V. King, 657
Latrobe v. Winans, 1023, 1025
Lattimore v. Hardsocg Mfg. Co., 1232d
jj. Union E. L. & P. Co., 1355
Lattin v. Davis, 313o, 771
V. Vail, 973
Laubach v. Laubach, 514, 754
Laubengayer v. Rohde, 1012a
TABLE OF CASES
[Referencea are to sections]
2929
Lauder v. Jones, 446, 1335
Lauer v. Banning, 638, 639
Laufer v. Boynton Furnace Co., 182,
182o, 766
Laugher v. Pointer, 810
Laughlin v. Barnes, 506o
Laundry Co. v. Debow, 418
Laura Jane v. Hagen, 340
Laurea v. Bemauer, 417
Laurel, City of, v. Rowell, 1123
Laurent v. Chatham Ins. Co., 720, 725
V. Vaughn, 620, 844, 854
Lavender v. Hudgens, 457, 468, 459
Lavens v. Lieb, 193
Laverty v. Snethen, 811
Lavery v. Crooke, 376, 385, 475
Law V. East India Co., 286
i;. House, 410
V. London I. L. P. Co., 729
Lawler v. Bangs, 636»i
V. Murphy, 732
Lawless v. CoUier, 979, 981
Lawrance v. Robertson, 959
Lawrence v. Bimey, 575
V. Chase, 1012
V. Church, 302
V. Cooke, 638, 638a, 639o, 6586
t). Cowles, 331, 420
V. Embree, 301c
V. Great Northern Ry., 1082
V. GuUifer, 674
V. Hagerman, 182, 241, 373o, 459
V. Housatonic R. R., 41, 47
V. Jenkins, 125a
V. Kemp, 98
V. Leake Orphan House, 325
«;. Maxwell, 509
V. Miller, 414, 1012a
V. New York Ins. Co., 714
V. N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R,, 851
V. Philadelphia, 1154
V. Porter, 741
V. Rector, 908
V. Rice, 103
V. Second Municipality, 1151
V. U. S., 677
V. Van Home, 712
V. Wardwell, 167, 607o, 984a
Lawrence Canning Co. v. Lee Mercan-
tile Co., 755
184
Lawrence R. R. v. Cobb, 319, 331a
V. Mahoning County, 217
Lawrence Tanning Co. v. Lee Mercan-
tile Co., 753
Lawshe v. Tacoma R. & P. Co., 865
Lawson v. Chicago, St. P., M. & O. Ry.,
866, 172a
V. Douglas, 999i
V. Hogan, 659
V. Price, 182, 203, 214
Lawther v. Hamilton, 1230
Lawton v. Erwin, 692
V. Fitchburg R. R., 226o
V. Green, 685
V. Herrick, 182, 182a, 224, 947
V. Sweeney, 1300
Lawyer v. Fritcher, 376
Lay V. Bayles, 506a
V. Postal T. C. Co., 45a, 894a
Layman v. F. F. Slocomb & Co., 493
Layton v. Hogue, 3016
V. Pearce, 423
Lazarus v. Com. Ins. Co., 712a
V. Ely, 55, 60
V. Metropolitan El. R. R., 1203
Lazelle v. Newfane, 573a, 577
Lea V. Whitaker, 414
Leach v. Forney, 1016
V. Leach, 43i, 484
V. N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., 170a,
843
V. Pirani, 686
V. Smith, 278, 734
V. Thomas, 1277
V. Vining, 306
Leaders v. Gray, 334
Leahy v. Davis, 1372
Leake Orphan House v. Lawrence, 316
Learned v. Castle, 36a
Learock v. Paxson, 614
Leary v. Laflin, 408, 416
Leatherberry v. Odell, 207, 667
Leathers v. Sweeney, 66, 620, 764
Leavell v. Coleman, 762, 772
Leavenworth v. Delafield, 717
V. Packer, 734
Leavenworth N. & S. Ry. v. Curtan,
1117
V. Herley, 1110
Leavitt v. Cutler, 639, 640a, 1266
2930
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Leavitt o. Dow, 1369
V. Fiberloid Co., 765
V. Fletcher, 992
V. Lamprey, 921
Leber v. Minneapolis & N. Ry., 1159
LeBlanc v. Sweet, 570
LeBlanche v. London & N. W. Ry.,
226fc, 862
Leblond v. McNear, 858
LeBranthwait v. Halsey, 341
Leche v. Claverie, 667
LeCheminant t). Pearson, 712
LeClaire v. Tacoma R. & P. Co., 1342
Lecroy v. Wiggins, 613
Ledbetter v. Morris, 98
Ledger v. Ewer, 1050
Ledgerwood v. Bushnell, 166
Lediard v. Boucher, 1074
Ledoux V. Goza, 310
V. Jones, 999/
Ledyard v. Bull, 310a
V. Jones, 556, 559
Lee V. The Alexander, 599c
V. Bowman, 910
V. Briggs, 614, 636d
V. Burk, 927
V. Burlington, 43h
V. Burrell, 789
V. Clark, 797
V. Clements, 674, 1066
V. Dean, 975
V. Goodrich, 343
V. Gratz, 961
V. Grinnell, 717
V. Humphries, 909o
V. Kendall, 85c
II. Lashbrooke, 310a
V. Lord, 934o
V. Maxwell, 684a
V. Minneapolis, 1108
V. Mo. Pac. Ry., 571a
V. Moore, 684
V. Mutual Life Ass'n, 636d
V. Overstreet, 426a
V, Paterson, 636/
V. Pillsbury, 1215
V. Pindle, 308a
V. Powell Bros. & Sanders Co.,
1356
V. Publishers, Knapp & Co., 1367
Lee V. Reed, 3146
V. Riley, 125a
V. Russell, 1012
t). St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 1350
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. R. R., 856a
V. Sickles Saddlery Co., 753
V. Springfield Water Co., 1171
V. Tartlin, 1027
V. Tebo & N. R. R., 1140
V. West, 470
V. Western U. T. Co., 130 Ky. 202;
8946
V. Western U. T. Co., 51 Mo. App.
375; 881
V. Wilcocks, 275
Lee, The, 595
Lee Ahlo v. Ins. Co., 722
Lee Tung v. Burkhart, 492a, 493
Leech v. Baldwin, 1068
Leeds v. Camden & A. R. R., 1161
V. Cheetham, 999c
V. Cook, 641o
V. Little, 657
V. Metropolitan G. L. Co., 171
Leek v. Northern Pac. Ry., 865
Leestzky v. Canning, 988o
Leet V. Gratz, 137 Mo. App. 208; 983
V. Gratz, 92 Mo. App. 422; 979
Leffingwell v. EUiott, 86a, 236, 238, 506,
973, 979, 980a, 982, 983
Leffler v. Witten, 614
Leftovits V. First Nat. Bank, 622
Lefurgy v. McGregor, 419
Legal Tender Cases, 269
Legar6 *. Frazer, 238
Legett V. Steele, 922
Legg V. Britton, 571c
Leggat V. Gerrick, 312
Legge V. Harlock, 419
Legett V. Baker, 60
V. Cooper, 1038
V. Humphreys, 677
V. McCarty, 973
V. McClelland, 808a
V. Mutual Life Insurance Co., 1011
V. Rome, W. & O. R. R., 1206
Leggott V. Great N. Ry., 571c
Leghorn v. Nydell, 224
Liegrange v. Hamilton, 341
Le Guen v. Gouverneur, 813
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2931
Lehigh Bridge Co. v. Lehigh C. & N.
Co., 1108
Lehigh Iron Co. v. Rupp, 575
Lehigh V. C. Co. v.. Wilkesbarre & E.
R. R., 503, 1166c
V. Lazarus, 1166
Lehigh Valley R. R., In re, 1154
Lehmaier v. Jones, 999/
V. Standard S. & T. Co., 752
Lehman v. Amsterdam Coffee Co., 182a
V. Brooklyn, 1367
V. Lomsiana R. W. Co., 1367
V. McQuown, 182a, 685
V. Minneapolis & S. L. R. R., 1348
Lehmann v. Schmidt, 250
Lehmeyer v. Moses, 999j
Lehneis v. Egg Harbor Commercial
Bank, 623
Lehning v. Hewett, 451
Leiber v. Chicago M. & S. P. Ry., 933
V. Liverpool Ins. Co., 723a
Leiby v. Clear S. W. Co., 1295
Leicester, Earl of, v. Walter, 451
Leick D. Tritz, 189, 991
Leifer Mfg. Co. v. Gross, 766
Leigh V. Garysburg Mfg. Co., 63, 932
V. Patterson, 3361, 636a, 758
Leigper v. Denver, 1123
Leighton v. Brown, 676, 689a, 690
V. Wales, 418
Leisman v. Otto, 308
Leiter v. Day, 363, 930
V. Kinnare, 1367
V. Pike, 999d
Leitzell ». Delaware, L. & W. R. R.,
1307
Lekas v. Schwartz, 753
Leland v. Stone, 606, 606c, 964, 975
V. Western U. T. Co., 8Md
Lemeunier v. McClearley, 685fc
Lemly v. Ellis, 975
Lemmon v. Brown, 1016
Lemon v. Pullman P. C. Co., 873a
V. Stevenson, 1031
Lemoine v. Sullivan, 1347, 1359
Lenhart v. State, 1146
Lenkewicz v. Wilmington City Ry.,
574a
Lenox v. United Ins. Co., 717
Lentell v. Boston & W. St. Ry., 1152o
Lentz V. Carnegie, 932
V. Choteau, 192, 610
Leo Austrian & Co. v. Springer, 636o,
636j, 734, 737, 741
Leonard v. Allen, 451
V. Beaudry, 613, 614
V. Capital Ins. Co., 685fc
V. Dyer, 615
V. Fowler, 762
V. Leonard, 921
V. Maginnis, 540
V. New York, A. & B. E. M. T. Co.,
221, 225, 227, 228, 874, 875, 882,
884
V. Pope, 446
V. Portier, 755
V. Rutland, 1161
V. Union Ry., 1348
V. Villars, 345
V. Whitney, 691a
V. Whitwell, 689
V. Wildes, 339a
Leonciniw. Post, 251
Leopold V. Chicago, 1128
V. Salkey, 636n
Lepin v. Paine, 310
Lepla V. Rogers, 148, 999A;
Leppard v. Western U. T. Co., 881a
Leque v. Madison G. & E. Co., 1367
Lerner v. Cohen, 1369
Le Roy v. Jacobsky, 1012
Leroy & W. Ry. v. Hawk, 1165
V. Ross, 1148
Lesch V. Great Northern Ry., 43i
Lesk V. Pollard, 363a, 364, 365, 366, 367
LesUe v. Smith, 673&
Less V. Butte, 1123
Lessenich v. Sellers, 307
Lesser v. Norman, 535
Lester V. Highland B. G. Min. Co., 316,
937
Lestern v. Western U. T. Co., 876
Lesure Lumber Co. v. Mutual F. I. Co.,
726
Letcher v. Woodson, 295, 3016
Lethbridge v. Mytton, 87, 789, 972
Letton V. Young, 1326
Levan v. Wilten, 78
Leven v. Young, 444
Levenson v. BoUowa, 614
2932
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Leverenz v. Stevens, 377o
Leverick v. Meigs, 819
Levert v. Daily States Pub. Co., 98,
448o, 454
Levey v. Dyess, 999j
Levin v. Nassau Electric R. R., 1353
Levine v. Brooklyn, A. C. & S. R. R.,
101
V. Rosenschein, 208
Levinski v. Middlesex Banking Co., 179
Levinson v. Sands, 294
Levis V. Royal Packing Co., 753
Levistones ». Marigny, 302o
Levitsky v. Canning, 238, 983
Levitt V. Nassau El. Co., 1347
Levy V. Bend, 1058
V. Fleischner, 361, 370, 683
V. Freiman, 414
V. GoldsoU, 423
V. 'Loeb, 80
V. Taylor, 680, 685A
Lewark v. Parkison, 67
Lewers v. Earl of Shaftesbury, 1256b
Lewin v. Folsom, 343
Lewis V. Arnold, 293
V. Atlanta, 486
V. Atlas Mutual Life Ins. Co., 834e
V. Black, 1328
V. Bradford, 303
V. Burlington Ins. Co., 722
V. Chapman, 445
V. Chisholm, 991
V. Cooke, 1259
V. Cosgrave, 1036
V. Courtwright, 933
V. Doyle, 762
V. Dwight, 678
V. Englewood El. R. R., 1295
V. Esther, 673/
V. Flint & P. M. Ry., 54 Mich. 55;
118, 119
V. Flint & P. M. Ry., 56 Mich. 638;
109
V. Greider, 755
V. Harris, 979
V. Holmes, 45
V. Homestead, 1120
V. Hoover, 109
V. Leahey, 685/
V. Lee, 153a, 696c, 1012
Lewis V. Morse, 493, 494a
V. Morland, 547, 554o
V. New York S. C. Co., 873a
V. North Kingstown, 1256d, 1331
V. Paschal, 345
f. PauU, 1261
V. Payn, 999c
V. Peachy, 91
V. Peake, 238, 773
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 1151
V. Ross, 961
V. Rountree, 297, 312
V. Rucker, 714
V. Seattle, 1143a
V. Small, 343
V. Springfield F. & M. I. Co., 723a
V. Springfield Water Co., 1169
V. The Success, 848, 852
ti. Teale, 531
V. Terry, 120
V. Trickey, 673c, 1303
V. Virginia-Carohna Chem. Co.,
933, 934
V. Wabash R. R., 1354
V. Western U. T. Co., 894c
V. Witham, 1277
Lewiston & Y. Frontier R. R. v. Ayer,
1146
Lewter v. Lindley, 1331
Lexington v. Long, 1130
V. Union Nat. Bank, 346
Lexington & E. Ry. v. Lyons, 865
Lexington Ry. v. Britton, 1257, 1270
V. Cozine, 380
V. Fain, 387
V. Johnson, 368, 1353
V. Woodward, 1347
Ley V. Miller, 789
Leyde v. Martin, 310
Leyser v. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R., 372
Liber v. Parsons, 959
Libhart v. Wood, 674
Lick V. Owen, 448a
Licking Valley Building Assoc, v. Com-
monwealth, 332
Liddard v. Lopes, 841
Liddell ». McVicker, 3116
V. Rucker, 301&
Lieberman v. Chicago & S. S. R. T.,
iieoo
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2933
Liebrandt v. Sorg, 6386
Lienkauf v. Morris, 368, 378
Lienow v. Ritchie, 74, 931
Lier v. St. Louis, etc., R. R., 1151
Liese v. Meyer, 638o, 639, 639a
Life Association of America v. Ferrill,
834c
Ligare v. Chicago, etc., R. R., 1171a
V. Peacoclc, 310o
Liggett S. & A. Co. v. Michigan Buggy-
Co., 1059
Light V. Detroit & M. Ry., 222
Light Co. V. Compton, 363a
V. Munsey, 576
Lightner v. Menzel, 416
Ligon V. Minton, 777
Likes V. Baer, 762, 777, 1027
Liles V. Rogers, 681a
Liljengren Furniture &,L. Co. v. Mead,
646a
Lillard v. Distilleries, etc., 164
V. Whattaker, 519
Lilley v. Doubleday, 121a
V. Mutual Ben. L. Ins. Co., 341
Lillie V. Dunbar, 80o, 531a
V. Lillie, 237, 251, 685&
Lilly V. Person, 425
Liman v. Pa. R. R., 161
Lime Rock R. R. v. Famsworth, 1149
Limpus V. The State, 557
Linch V. Paris Limiber & Graia Eleva-
tor Co., 657
Linck V. Litchfield, 334
Lincoln v. Blanchard, 802
V. Central Vermont Ry., 485
V. Charles Alshuler Mfg. Co., 752
V. Claflin, 316, 322
V. Commonwealth, 1154
V. Chrisman, 446
V. Hope Ins. Co., 711
V. Levi Cotton Mill Co., 752
V. Little Rock Granite Co., 419
V. Orthwein, 614
V. Packard, 251, 1298
V. Saratoga & S. R. R., 123, 172,
233, 1292, 1293
V. Schwartz, 6556
V. Smith, 1306
Lincoln Shoe Co. v. Sheldon, 751, 753
Lind V. Chicago, etc., R. R., 1161
Lindblom v. Sonstelie, 387
Lindeberg v. Howard, 685y
Lindemann v. Dennis, 655
Linder v. Lake, 106, 676, 722a, 972
Lindh v. Great N. Ry., 43ft, 45
Lindley v. Dempsey, 612o, 1261
V. Miller, 1057
V. Richmond & D. R. R., 136, 156,
854
Lindquist v. Union Pac. Ry., 924, 924o
Lindsay v. Anesley, 411
V. Bridgewater Gas Co., 67a
V. Grande R. L. Co., 1332
V. Latham, 933
V. Oregon Short Line R. R., 47
Lindsey v. Danville, 486a
V. Hewitt, 690
V. Parker, 803
V. Rockwall County, 416a
Lindstrom v. International Nav. Co.,
1367
Linerode v. Rassmussen, 1027
Lines v. Alaska Commercial Co., 496
V. Chesapeake & O. Ry., 575
V. Smith, 774
V. State, 692i
Linforth v. San Francisco G. & E. Co.,
932
Linge v. Alaska Treadwell Co., 1326
Lingo V. Burford, 1140
Linn v. Duquesne, 484
V. Minor, 270
Linney v. Maton, 443
Linsley v. Bushnell, 234, 352, 360, 368
Linss V. Chesapeake & O. Ry., 5716
Linthicum v. Truitt, 4866
Linton Coal & M. Co. v. Persons, 482,
485o
Linton v. Hart, 999d
V. National L. Ins. Co., 331
V. Porter, 774
Linville v. Black, 79
Lion F. I. Co. V. Starr, 722
Lipe V. Eisenlerd, 474
Lippett V. Kelley, 910, 911
Lipscomb v. Fuqua, 414
V. Houston & T. C. Ry., 580a
V. Seegers, 416
V. South Bound R. R., 620
Lipsky V. C. Reiss Coal Co., 1353
2934
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Liscom V. Boston M. F. I. Co., 720
Lissberger v. Kellogg, 162
Lister v. Campbell, 1344
V. Wright, 449
Litchenstein v. Brooks, 665, 666
Littell V. Ellison, 312
Little V. Anderson, 343
V. Banks, 301
V. Bliss, 689, 591a
V. Boston & M. R. R., 1215, 146,
844, 892
V. Dawson, 671
V. Little, 793
V. McGuire, 214, 228
V. Portland, c83&
V. Stanback, 101, 940
V. Tingle, 481
V. Western IT. T. Co., 894b
Little Maine Railroad v. Collett, 1131,
1148
Little Rook & F. S. R. R. v. Allen, 1134,
1149, 1154
V. Allister, 1129, 1134
Little Rock & F. S. Ry. v. Barker, 33
Ark. 350; 573, 573a, 575
V. Barker, 39 Ark. 491; 574
V. Cravens, 851
V. McGehee, 1171a
V. Voss, 1367
Little Rock Junction Ry. v. Woodruff,
252, 1172e
Little Rock, M. R. & T. Ry. v. Haynes,
1293
Little Rock R. & E. Co. v. Goerner, 372
Little Rock Traction Co. v. Winn, 868
Little Schuylkill R. R. v. Richards,
36a
Little Silver, The, 1364, 1365
Littlefield v. Perry, 323, 1230, 1234,
1244
Littlehale v. Dix, 488
V. Osgood, 990c
Littlejohn v. Wilcox, 237, 682a
Littleton v. Burgess, 685j
Lively, The, 596
Livermore v. Jamaica, 1115
V. Northrup, 53
V. Rand, 308
V. Roanoke, etc., R. R., 1175
V, Wortman, 311/
are to sections]
Livermore F. & M. Co. v. Union S. & C.
Co., 165
Liverpool Water Works v. Atkinson,
692d
Livesley v. Johnson, 734
V. Krebs Hop Co., 745
Livie V. Janson, 714
Livingston v. Adams, 1108
V. Burroughs, 3836, 466
V. Exum, 237, 685b
V. Jones, 1220, 1230
V. L'Engle, 9996
V. The Mayor, 1128
V. Metropolitan Street Railroad,
1190
V. Miller, 313a
V. Robb, 999y
V. Sulzer, 1157
V. Tanner, 905
V. Woodworth, 1220, 1234
Livingston, The, 591
Livingston Co. v. Graves, 647a
Livingstone v. New York C. & H. R. R.
R., 854
V. Rawyards Coal Co., 501, 935
Livingstone, The, 590
Llano I. & F. Co. v. Watkins, 334
Llansamlet T. P. Co., ex parte, 6366,
737
Llewellyn v. Rutherford, 182, 188, 254
V. Two Anchors, 599c
Lloyd V. Fair Haven, 1151
V. Goodwin, 83
V. Hamilton, 370
V. Haugh & K. S. & T. Co., 251,
844
V. Lloyd, 226b
V. Morris, 1278
V. O'Rear, 3406
V. Quinby, 959, 964, 965
V. Sandusky, 964, 975
Lloyd Lumber Co. v. Solon, 734
Llynvi Co. v. Brogden, 501
Loader v. Kemp, 994
Loan Assoc, v. Stonemetz, 673(i
Lobdell V. Stowell, 609
Lobenstein v. Hymson, 60
Loch Trool, The, 592, 593
Lochte V. Mitchell, 366
Lock V. Ashton, 464
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2935
Lock V. Furze, 987, 1009
Lock Haven Bridge Co. v. Clinton
County, 1173
Locke V. Garrett, 58
V. Homer, 789, 972
V. International & G. N. Ry., 484
Lockhart v. Geir, 940
Locklin v. Moore, 340b
Lockwood V. Atlantic M. I. Co., 712,
713
V, Lockwood, 1338
V. Onion, 671, 1326, 1328
V. Saffold, 685A
V. Sturdevant, 966, 976, 978
V. Twenty-tlurd St. Ry., 1333,
1360
Locomobile Co. v. De Witt, 313
Locomotive Safety Truck Co. v. Penn-
sylvania R. R., 323
Loder v. Kekule, 508, 762
V. Spooner, 275
Lodge Holes Colliery Co. v. Wedn€s-
bury, 932
Loe V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 171a
Loeb V. Flash, 515
V. Kamak, 162
V. Mann, 540
Loeach v. Koehler, 433
Loescher v. Deisterberg, 734, 740
Loeser v. Humphrey, 228
Loetscher v. Dillon, 5166
Loewenthal v. Streng, 1326, 1331
Loewer v. Harris, 156, 183
Lofink V. Interborough R. R., 43i
Lofland v. MauU, 1025
Loftees v. Maxey, 365
Loftus V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1348
Logan V. Caffrey, 85
V. Hannibal & S. J. R. R., 383o, 865
V. Hodges, 377
V. Moulder, 959, 966
V. Tibbott, 1070
V. Western Union Telegraph Co.,
893
Logan Co. Nat. Bank v. Townsend, 513
Logansport v. Justice, 180
V. Pollard, 1112fl
Logansport C. & S. R. R. v. Buchanan,
1151
V. Wray, 226o, 637, 938
Logic V. Gillies, 829
Lohner v. Caldwell, 641&
Loiseau v. Threlstad, 975
Loker v. Damon, 201, 209, 214c, 223
Lomax v. Ragor, 685m
Lombard v. Batchelder, 362
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R., 1330,
1348
V. Chicago Sinai Congregation,
301b
V. Kennedy, 999A
V. Lennox, 443
Lombard Invest. Co. v. Burton, 334
Lombardi v. California St. Ry., 482a,
860
Lommeland v. St. Paul, M. & M. Ry.,
937
London & B. Bank v. Walker, 685j
London & Canadian Loan & Agency
Co. «. Morris, 346
London Assur. Corp v. Russell, 818a
London Bank v. White, 303
London, C. & D. Ry. v. South Eastern
Ry., 340
London F. Ins. Co. v. Tumbull, 726
London T. & S. Ry. arid Trustees of
Gower's Walk Schools, In re, 1091,
1102
Lonergan v. Waldo, 742
Loney v. Oliver, 1022
Long V. Booe, 480a
V. Chicago R. I. & P. Ry., 45a
V. Clapp, 125, 769
V. Conklin, 636a, 737
V. Douthitt, 777
V. Fulton Contr. Co., 1270o
V. Gieriet, 991
V. Harrisburg & P. R. R., 1142
V. Kansas City, M. & B. R. R., 67a
V. Lambkin, 55
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 932, 948
V. McCauley, 614
V. Morrison, 573a
V. O'Bryan, 632
V. Pruyn, 765
V. Sinclair, 979
V. Towl, 413
Long Distance Tel. & Tel. Co. v.
Schmidt, 252
Long E. R. J. Co. v. Midland Ry., 1097
2936
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Long Island R. R., Matter of, 1174
Long Island R. R. ». Bennett, 1128
Long P. L. Co. V. Saxon L. & L. Co.,
246
Longfellow f . McGregor, 679a
V. Quimby, 29 Me. 196; 226i, 233
V. Quimby, 33 Me. 457; 317, 933
Longmont v. Parker, 1123
Longobardi v. Yuliano, 414
Longstreth v. Phoenixville, 1112a
Longworth v. Cincinnati, 316
V. Meriden & W. R. R., 1154
V. Mitchell, 269
Longyear v. Gregory, 930o
Lonon v. Public Service Co., 1304
Lonsdale v. Church, 678
Lonsdale Co. v. Woonsocket, 316
Loof V. Lawton, 440
Loomer v. Thomas, 204, 205, 608
Loomis V. Bedel, 979
V. Eagle Ins. Co., 729
V. Gillett, 308a
ti. Green, 63
V. Knox, 3406
V. Robinson, 83&
V. Stave, 80
V. Wadhams, 1007, 1012, 1018
i-oomis Milling Co. v. Vawter, 762
Looney v. District of Columbia, 6226
V. Reeves, 959, 965, 966, 974, 977
Loosemore v. Radford, 262, 789, 790
Loosey v. Orser, 546
Lorain St. R. R. v. Sinning, 1148
Loraine v. Cartwright, 524, 822
Loranger v. Dominion Transport Co.,
1216
». Loranger, 445
Lord V. Carbon I. M. Co., 92, 202
V. Chadboume, 265
V. Comstock, 644, 645
V. Gaddis, 413
V. Guyot, 468
V. Hingham Nat. Bank, 633c
V. Maine Cent. R. R., 854
V. Neptune Ins. Co., 710, 717
V. New York, 335, 336
V. Staples, 800
V. Strong, 842
V. Wheeler, 657
V. Wood, 565a
Loring v. Baker, 692c
V. Gumey, 756
V. Morrison, 1060
ti. Neptune Ins. Co., 717
Lorius V. Abbott, 417
Los Angeles v. City Bank, 339
I). Gager, 1151
Losch's Appeal, 1154c
Losee v. Buchanan, 33
Lot V. Parish, 956
Lothian v. Western IT. T. Co., 881o
Lothrop V. Golden, 506a
V. Otis, 762
V. Southworth, 685
Lott V. Mitchell, 793o
Lotty, The, 592
Lotze V. Cincinnati, 1117, 11496
Loucks V. McSloy, 55
Loud V. Campbell, 613
V. Merrill, 700
Louder v. Hinson, 365, 372
Loudon I). Shelby Coimty Taxing Dist.,
282, 301
Loughin v. McCauley, 599
Loughlin v. Carey, 999A
Loughran v. Des Moines, 948
Louis V. Brown, 411
V. The Buckeye, 844, 846
Louis Cook Mfg. Co. v. Randall, 739
Louis Werner Stave Co. v. Pickering,
934
Louisiana & A. R. R. v. Hobbs, 1356
V. Nix, 1348
Louisiana & F. P. R. v. Pickett, 1140
Louisiana & N. W. R. R. v. Reeves,
894c
Louisiana Extension Ry. v. Carstens,
574a
Louisiana R. & N. Co. v. Jones, 1171c
V. Sarpy, 253
Louisville v. Arrowsmith, 1348
V. Bohlsen, 932
V. Caron, 1138a
V. Colebume, 924a, 1110
V. Donahue, 924a
V. Hammock, 1363
V. Harbin, 1138a
V. Hegan, 1138a, 1149
V. Kaye, 1138a
V. O'Malley, 947, 948
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2937
Louisville v. Tompkins, 1360
Louisville & A. R. R. v. Cox, 1367
V. Davis, 1347
LouisviUe & E. R. R. v. Hardin, 1123
V. Vincent, 1353
Louisville & N. R. R. t». Asher, 1138a
V. Ballard, 360, 364, 365, 366, 367,
380
V. Banks, 580
V. Barnwell, 1270
V. Beeler, 933
V. Beny, 33 Ky. L. Rep. 850; 387
V. Berry, 96 Ky. 604; 574a
V. Binion, 484, 490
». Bizzell, 387
V. Breckinridge, 1342
V. Brooks, 387, 1367
V. Brown, 121 Ala. 221; 574a
V. Brown, 127 Ky. 732; 1328, 1347
t>. Buck, 584a
». CampbeU, 1306, 1355
V. Carotheis, 67, 67o
V. Carter, 932
V. Case, 572
V. Cason, 1357
V. Chalcraft, 11656
V. Champion, 363
V. Com., 688a
V. Coniff, 573a
V. Cottengim, 865
V. Cox, 1354
V. Coyle, 752
». Creighton, 573o, 575, 1367
V. Crow, 482, 483, 484
V. Cumnock, 1123, 1138a
V. Daugherty, 150
V. Dick, 486
V. Donaldson, 388
V. Eaden, 380
V. Eakin's Adm'r, 574a
V. Earl, 368
V. Falvey, 860
V. Foley, 1357
V. Fort, 317
V. Fowler, 29 Ky. L. Rep. 905; 865
V. Fowler, 32 Ky. L. Rep. 1021 ; 365
V. Fox, 1352, 1326
V. Freppon, 1354
V. Caddie, 864
V. Garrett, 380
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Geikel, 1151,
1165a
V. Gidley, 119
V. Glazebrook, 1138a
V. Gollihur, 573
V. Gower, 490
V. Gormley, 109 S. W. 346; 86a
V. Gormley, 111 S. W. 289; 133,
226<2
V. Graham, 573a, 1367
V. Greer, 368
V. Hall, 87 Ala. 708; 387
V. Hall, 136 S. W. 905; 1161
V. Handley, 1303
V. Hart County, 932
V. Hartwell, 853
V. Heilprin, 854
V. Higginbotham, 91, 924
V. Hollerbach, 642, 647a, 6475
V. Howard, 580a
V. Hull, 45, 45a, 856a, 1342
V. Ingrain, 1138a
V. Jones, 83 Ala. 376; 1215
0. Jones, 130 Ala. 456; 579
V. Kelly, 337a, 380, 574a, 581
V. Kelsey, 432a
V. Kingman, 368, 1354
V. Lambert, 1149a
V. Lansford, 584
V. Law, 1357
V. Long, 1360
V. Lowe, 1357
0. Lucas, 1367
V. McE3wain, 571c
V. McEwan, 1342
V. MacMillam, 1363
V. Marshall, 368
V. Mason, 844, 852
V. Mattingly, 1364
V. Maybin, 365
V. Melton, 1348
V. Milet, 574o
V. Mink, 152, 157
V. MitcheU, 1326, 1356
V. Moore, 2145
V. Morris, 574a
V. Mount, 368
V. Mulfinger, 1367
V. Neafus, 620
V. Orr, 584
2938
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Louisville & N. R. R. v. Owen, 851
V. Popp, 1356
V. Queen City Coal Co., 842
V. Quinn, 486a
V. Ray, 1342
V. Reynolds, 1270
V. Roe, 1349
V. Roney, 1270
V. Roth, 388
V. Schroader, 368, 1356
V. Scott, 365, 1367
V. Sharp, 332
V. Sherrod, 851
V. Simpson, 368
V. Smith, 141 Ala. 335; 361, 363,
364, 383b
V. Smith, 134 Ky. 47; 1354
V. Sowell, 851
V. Spinks, 212, 222, 865
V. Stacker, 573a, 574a
V. Stewart, 844
V. Street, 347
V. Sullivan, 547a, 868
V. SuUivan Timber Co., 927
V. Survant, 1347
V. Taafe, 574a
V. Thompson, 1138a
V. Trammell, 1367
V. Wallace, 316
V. Ward, 584
V. Weathers, 1342
V. Whitman, 47, 865
V. Wilkins, 363, 1354
V. Wilkinson, 1342
V. Williams, 484
V. Wilson, 43ft
V. Woods, 485o
V. Wynn, 851
V. Young, 494a
Louisville & P. C. Co. v. Rowan, 619
Louisville & P. R. R. v. Smith, 347
Louisville & S. L. R. R. v. Clarke, 580a
Louisville & S. I. T. Co. v. Snead, 1350
Louisville A. & P. E. Ry. v. Whipple,
620
Louisville A. & P. V. E. Ry. v. Whipps,
630
Louisville Banking Co. v. M. V. Mon-
arch Co., 685fc
Louisville City R. R. v. Mercer, 1342
Louisville Cooperage Co. v. Farmer,
1355
Louisville, E. & S. L. C. R. R. v.
Spencer, 933
Louisville Gas Co. v. Gutenkuntz, 126a
V. Kentucky Heating Co., 373
Louisville, H. & St. L. Ry. v. Arm-
strong, 1363
V. Baskett, 630
V. Foulks, 1363
V. Kessee, 1363
V. Roberts, 932
Louisville M. & F. I. Co. v. Bland, 712,
714
Louisville N. A. & C. Ry. v. Shanks, 368
Louisville, N. & G. S. R. R. v. Fleming,
226m, 872
V. Guinan, 360
Louisville, N. A. & C. Ry. v. Falvey,
1216, 221
V. Flanagan, 842
V. Jones, 1216
i;. Marlott, 932
V. Moore, 218
V. Peck, 1296
V. Rush, 575
V. Snyder, 1216
V. Sumner, 218, 620, 630
V. Wood, 1216
V. Wright, 574a
Louisville, N. O. & T. R. R. v. Dickson,
1175
V. Hopson, 1175
V. Ryan, 252, 1171
Louisville Pk. Co. v. Crain, 636a
Louisville Press Co. v. Tennelly, 443
Louisville Public Warehouse Co., 975
Louisville Ry. v. Bohon, 1363
V. Bryant, 1356
V. Gaddie, 1354
V. Gaugh, 1270a
V. O'Connell, 1347
V. Owens, 1363
V. PuUiam, 1354
V. Roser, 1346
V. Steubing, 123, 1362
i;. Wellington, 1342
V. Worley, 1363
Louisville, S. L. & T. R. R. v. Barrett,
1138a, 1165
Table of cases
[References are to sections]
Loubville, S. L. & T. R. R. v. Neafes,
2939
194
Louisville Soap Co. v. Vance, 834c
Louisville Southern R. R. v. Cogar, 1110
V. Minogue, 388
Louisville St. Ry. v. Brownfield, 368
Louisville Underwriters v. Pence, 711
Louisville Water Ck). v. Clark, 332, 334
V. Phillips, 1367
V. Youngstown Bridge Co., 419
Louth V. Thompson, 486
Love V. Bamseville Mfg. Co., 734
V. Oldham, 1060
V. Philadelphia & Reading R. R.,
346
V. Powell, 908
V. Ross, 762
V. Shartzer, 916
Lovejoy v. Hutchins, 5655
V. Isbell, 1028
V. Merchants' State Bank, 497/
V. Michels, 245, 750
Lovell V. House of the Good Shepherd,
2416
V. St. Louis M. L. I. Co., 730
V. Shea, 250
Lovelock V. King, 655
Low V. Archer, 806
V. Concord R. R., 1171e
V. Purdy, 919
Low, In re, 1149
Lowden v. Goodrick, 1270
Lowe V. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R., 574a
f. Chicago, S. P., M. & 0. Ry.,
1367
V. Guthrie, 693
V. Herald Co., 447
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 44
V. Omaha, 1130, 1141, 1171o
V. Peers, 394, 396, 678, 679
V. Ring, 314, 488
V. Sinklear, 656, 673a
V. Steele, 1074
V. Turpie, 168, 622, 829, 972
V. Waller, 283, 698
V. Wing, 82
Lowell V. Boston & L. R. R., 241a
0. Parker, 79, 692i, 802
Lowen v. Grossman, 673a
Lowenberg v. Jeffries, 558
Lowenberg v. Rosenthal, 55
V. Walley, 8186
Lowenstein v. Chappell, 607a, 984a
V. Monroe, 127, 237, 566a, 682
Loweree v. Newark, 1148
Lowery v. Rowland, 75, 317
V. Western U. T. Co., 602, 879, 897
Lowndes v. ColUns, 287, 289
Lowrance v. Robertson, 961
Lowry v. Coster, 1254
V. State, 692A;
V. Young, 854
Lowther v. Com., 959
Loyacano v. Jurgens, 1371
Loyd V. Capps, 988
V. Colmnbus, 1110
Loxtercamp v. Lininger Implement Co.,
762
Lozier v. Hannan, 749o
Lucas V. Flinn, 481, 489
V. Detroit City Ry., 226/
V. Michigan Cent. R. R., 865
V. New York C. R. R., 579
V. The Thomas Swann, 587
V. Trumbull, 55, 494
V. Wattles, 318
V. Wilcox, 976
Luce V. Hoisington, 54 Vt. 428; I21d
V. Hoisington, 56 Vt. 436; 121d,
195
V. Jones, 81
LucUle, The, 595, 1298
Lucille Manor, The, 657
Luck V. Ripon, 180
Lucker v. Liske, 1256
Luckey v. Robots, 567
Lucking v. Gegg, 801
Lucot V. Rodgers, 932
Lucy V. Chicago G. W. Ry., 1342
Ludden v. Buffalo Belting Co., 80
Ludlow V. Detweller, 1123, 1138a
V. Dole, 664
V. Froste, 1177
V. Gilman, 973
V. Steffen, 436
V. Yonkers, 316, 944
Ludwick V. Huntzinger, 325
Ludwig V. Meyre, 844
Lueders v. Hartford L. I. Co., 732
Luessen v. Oshkosh E. L. & P. Co., 575
2940
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Luetgert v. Volker, 311
Lufburrow v. Henderson, 1040, 1049,
1062
Lufkin V. BQtchcock, 1368
V. Mayall, 673a
V. Patterson, 675
Luft V. Lingane, 1335
Luitweiler P. E. Co. v. Ukiah W. & I.
Co., 767
Luke V. Lyde, 841
Lukin V. Goodsall, 932
Lxrmber Co. v. Daniel, 308
Lumbermen's Ins. Co. v. St. Paul, 73
Lumberman's Min. Co. v. Gilchrist, 842
Lumpkin v. Blewitt, 976
Lund V. Idaho & N. W. R. R., 1165a
V. New Bedford, 100, 101 ,
V. Sargent Mfg. Co., 1357
V. Tyler, 181, 1303
Lunn V. Gage, 1057
V. Guthrie, 8186
V. Shermer, 777
V. Turner, 363a
Lunsford v. Baskins, 688
V. Dietrich, 44, 47
V. Walker, 483
Limt V. Egeland, 408
V. Philbrick, 47, 473
V. Wrenn, 236, 239
Luntz V. Berry, 423
Luper V. Henry, 1354
Lurch V. Holder, 221a
Lurton v. GiUiam, 308
Lusch V. Huber Mfg. Co., 82
Luse V. Jones, 42, 127a, 182, 214, 1298
Lush V. Druse, 307, 999a
Lusk V. Briscoe, 1271
V. Smith, 310
Luske V. Hotchkiss, &7Sd
Lutes V. Alpaugh, 689
Luther v. Winnisimmet Co., 64
Luxenberg v. Keith & P. A. Co., 607
Luxmore v. Robson, 999^
Lycoming G. & W. Co. v. Mayor, 1112a
Lycoming Ins. Co. v. Mitchell, 713
Lydeeker v. Valentine, 614
Lyden v. McGee, 464
Lydian Monarch, The, 851
Lydon v. Sullivan, 753
Lyle V. Barker, 76, 78
Lyle V. Clason, 1277
Lyles V. Lyles, 280
t). Perrin, 119 Cal. 264; 363
V. Perrin, 134 Cal. 417; 975
V. Western U. T. Co., 894c, 894d
Lyman v. Babcock, 413
». Conkey, 692fc
V. Lincoln, 655d
V. Mower, 912
Lyme Regis v. Henly, 35
Lynch v. American Linseed Co., 1355
V. Baldwin, 9996, 1057
r. Bogy, 673d
V. Cox, 914
V. De Viar, 303
V. Knight, 43, 435, 43/, 44, 47
V. McGhan, 517
V. Metropolitan E. R. R., 1256/
V. Sellers, 614
V. Third Ave. R. R., 1262
V. Troxell, 942
ti. Wright, 1021
Lynd v. Picket, 363a, 364, 366, 373a
Lynde ». Thompson, 417
Lyndon v. Miller, 692e
Lyne v. Western U. T. Co., 894, 894c
Ljmn V. McDonald, 1165
Lynn G. & E. Co. v. Meriden F. I. Co.,
116, 12ld, 723o
Lyon V. Betram, 762a
V. Clark, 678
V. Donaldson, 1229
V. Fishmongers' Co., 1093
V. Grormley, 503
V. Green _Bay & M. Ry., 1151, 1175
V. Hammon & B. I. R. R., 1138,
1160a
V. Hersey, 237, 685n
V. Katten, 1012, 1298
V. Magagno, 301c
V. Manhattan Ry., 1309
V. Northup, 802
V. Valentine, 664a
V. Yates, 53
Lyons v. Bamimi, 1028
V. Boston & L. R. R., 929a
V. Chamberlin, 311a
V. Erie Ry., 228
V. Iron City Nat. Bank, 334
V. Merrick, 125a
TABLE OF CASES
2941
[References
Lyons v. Second Ave. R. R., 1367
Lytle ti. Scottish American Mort. Co.,
412
Lytton e. Baird, 236, 241, 457, 458
M
M. & M. R. R. w. Finney, 380
M. J. Sanford, The, 196
M. Kalbfleisch, The, 2261
M. M. Caleb, The, 593
M. S. Bacon, The, v. Erie & W. Trans-
portation Co., 857
Mabb V. Stewart, 205, 222
Mabin v. Webster, 6416
Mabrey ». Cape Girardeau & J. G. R. R.
171
McAbee v. Cribbs, 972
McAdory v. Louisville & N. R. R., 574
1367
McAfee v. Crawford, 60
V. Crofford, 137, 363a
I IcAfferty v. Hale, 655e
McAleer v. Good, 372
McAlester v. Landers, 1051, 1057
V. Suchy, 689a
I IcAlexander v. Harris, 452
I.IoAUster v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R.,
852
IIcAllen ». Western U. T. Co., 894c
McAllister v. Clark, 681a
V. Clement, 109
V. Dexter & P. R. R., 921
V. Douglas, 734
V. Reab, 298, 1039
I loAUistem v. Reel, 1157
I I'Almont V. M'Clelland, 445
McAlpin V. Lee, 762a, 1050
V. Woodruff, 238, 976, 982, 983
I.IcAndrew v. Electric Tel. Co., 876
V. Lake Shore & M. S. R. R., 85c
McAneany v. Jewett, 106
McArthur v. Cornwall, 360, 363, 908
V. Hdwett, 537
V. Sault News Printing Co., 443
V. Seaforth, 508
McAulay v. Allen, 82
V. Birkhead, 475, 476
McAvoy V. Wright, 777
McBeth V. Craddock, 316
are to sections]
McBrayer v. Cohen, 1023
McBride v. Marine Ins. Co., 712
V. Mclntire, 339a
V. McLaughlin, 385
V. Sunset Telephone Cp., 45a,
894
McCaa v. Elam Drug Co., 121d
McCabe v. Desnoyers, 777
V. Knapp, 252
V. Morehead, 375, 538
V. Narragansett E. L. Co., 573a,
574a, 577
V. Platter, 451
McCafferty v. Griswold, 959, 984, e84o,
1009
McCall V. Icks, 308, 308a, 636i
V. McDowell, 464, 466
V. Phoenix M. L. I. Co., 730
V. Sun Mut. Ins. Co., 710
V. Turner, 340
McCall Co. V. Deuchler, 417
McCalla v. Clark, 80, 1044
McCann v. Albany, 11 App. Div. 378;
419
V. Albany, 42 N. Y. Supp. 94;
407
V. Albany, 158 N. Y. 634; 391
V. Lewis, 334
V. Ullman, 769
McCaraher v. Commonwealth, 692
McCardell v. Williams, 991
McCardle v. McGinley, 241
McCarten v. Flagler, 1334
McCarthy v. DeAmit, 372, 382
V. EUers, 762
V. Henderson, 1041
V. Mayor, 673d
V. Metropolitan Board of Works,
1123
V. Miller, 1266, 361
V. Niskem, 360, 385
V. Nixon Grocery Co., 750
V. St. Paul, 217
V. Spring Valley Coal Co., 226o
McCartney v. Phila., 1110
V. Smith, 226
V. Titsworth, 950
McCarty v. Beach, 106
V. Frazer, 692j
V. Gray, 363ai
2942
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
McCarty v. Heryford, 637, 641c
V. Leggett, 977
V. Quimby, 317, 538
V. St. Louis Transit Co., 1372
II. Wells, 1255
McCauley v. Leavitt, 3406
b. Moses, 973
McCausey v. Hoek, 182, 665c
McCausland v. Bell, 336
V. Cresap, 615
MoChesney v. Wilson, 358
McClair v. Austin, 614
McClarren v. Jefferson, 1177
McClatchey v. Anderson, 762
McCleary v. Edwards, 984
McClellan v. Harris, 672
McClelland v. Moore, 979
V. Snider, 613, 655
McClendon v. Wells, 370, 683
McCleneghan v. Omaha, etc., R. R.,
221a
McCleskey & Whitman v. Howell Cot-
ton Co., 739
McClintock v. Crick, 449
McCloskey v. Ryder, 333, 930a
McClowry v. Croghan, 959, 984, 996
McCloy V. Amett, 909, 909a
McCIung V. Beirne, 688
McClnre v. Broken Bow, 942
». Dunkin, 678
V. Gamble, 959
V. Hill, 82
i;. Pyatt, 673
V. Renaker, 682a
V. Secrist, 656
V. Thorpe, 624, 936, 989
V. Williams, 762
McClurg V. Brenton, 373
McCoU V. Western U. T. Co., 888
McCoUum V. Davis, 205
V. Huntington, 734
V. Seward, 312, 315, 308a, 664o
McComas v. Haas, 753
McComb V. Brodie, 1228, 1240
«. Reed, 270
McCombs V. Pittsburg, 1150
McCommico v. Curzen, 312
McConaghy v. Pemberton, 170, 194,
610
McConathy v. Deck, 361, 372
McConey v. Wallace, 645
McConnel v. Kibbe, 93a, 98, 636jr
McConnell v. Corona City Water Co.,
614
V. Dunlap, 1010
V. Hampton, 1326
V. Wright, 779
McConnell Bros v. Southern R. R.,
861
V. Slappey, 316
McCord V. Massey, 976, 980
0. Nabours, 497a
V. Tiber, The, 699
V. West Fehciana R. R., 655c
McCormaok v. Lynch, 301
V. Showalter, 930
McCormick v. Basal, 636i
V. Cormoly, 665
V. Crall, 295
V. Elston, 294, 214«
V. Falls City Bank, 695c
V. Hamilton, 1297
V. Kansas City, 1110
V. McCormick, 310o
V. Mitchell, 339o, 417
V. Moss, 692d
V. P. C. R. R., 55
V. Rochester Ry., 1367
V. Pennsylvania Central R. R., 317
493
V. Stowell, 995
V. Vanatta, 762, 767
V. United States Min. Co., 184
McCormick H. M. Co. v. Drake, I21d,
363
V. Markert, 751
McCormick Harvesting Co. v. Jensen,
738, 739
McCoy V. Cornell, 538
V. Crawford, 451
V. Elder, 689a
V. Huffman, 673a
V. Trucks, 477
V. Milwaukee St. Ry., 1355
V. Oldham, 991
V. P. W. & B. R. R., 380
McCracken v. Hair, 1066
V. Smathers, 482, 484, 491
V. Traction Co., 580o
V. Webb, 757
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2943
McCray v. Fairmont, 1144
McCrea v. Purmort, 964
McCready ». Phillips, 439a
McCreary v. Pennsylvania Canal Co.,
1232a
^McCreery v. Green, 308o
V. Willett, 553, 554
McCnibb v. Bray, 913
McCruden v. Jones, 311/
V. Rochester Ry., 933
McCuaig V. Quaker City Ins. Co., 244,
712
McCubbin v. Hastings, 570
Maccubbin v. Thornton, 549
McCue V. Klein, 585
McCuUoch V. St. Paul, M. & M. R. R.,
1110
McCullough V. Baker, 6556
V. Clemow, 310a, 312
V. Cox, 1046, 1052
V. Greenfield, 464
V. 111. Steel Co., 1332, 1364
V. Newton, 308a
V. S. J. Hayde Contracting Co.,
648a
V. Walton, 683
McCune v. Hartman Steel Co., 311/
McCurry v. Gibson, 418, 426
V. McCurry, 451
McCutcheon v. Dougherty, 310
V. Freedom, 325
McCutchin v. Taylor, 469
McDade v. Bossier Levee Board, 916
McDaniel v. Baca, 1328
V. Crabtree, 191, 238, 685i
». Grace, 973
V. Hutcherson, 607a, 1261, 1266
V. Parks, 206, 667, 671
V. Staples, 499
V. State, 692t
McDermid v. Redpath, 787
McDermott v. Chicago & N. W. Ry.,
1350
V. De Meridor Co., 633/
V. St. Wilhelmina B. A. Soc, 655/
V. Severe, 47
McDodrill v. Pardee Co., 75
McDonald v. Casey, 1252
V. Champion I. & S. Co., 1367
V. Christie, 1296
McDonald v. Clearwater Shortline R.
R., 1032
V. Everitt, 256
V. Great Western R. R., 3406
V. James, 237, 685c, 685&
V. Kansas City, B. & N. Co., 164,
762
V. Liggett, 664
V. Loewen, 684
V. Meadows, 692fc
V. Metropolitan St. R. R., 1367
V. Montague, 661
V. Montana Wood Co., 930a
V. Neilson, 1031
V. North, 58, 317, 540
V. Norton, 375
V. Scaife, 317, 375
V. Texas, etc., R. R., 1143
V. Unaka T. Co., 246, 739, 1059
V. Walter, 1368
V. Whitney, 1222
V. Woodruff, 448(i
.McDonnel v. Henry Elias Brewing Co.,
1348
MacDonnell v. Buffalo L. T. & S. D.
Co., 4926
V. Minneapolis, St. P. & S. S. M.
Ry., 132, 143, 1334
McDonough v. Reilly, 536
V. Williams, 439a
Macdougall v. Knight, 855
McDouglad v. Coward, 449
McDowell V. McCormick, 76
ti. Milroy, 979, 1053
V. Oyer, 603, 606, 611, 1020
McDugald V. McFadgin, 1039
McDunn v. Des Moines, 975, 982
McEachin v. Tuscaloosa, 1122
McEachron v. Randies, 755
McElheny v. McKeespert & DuQuesne
Bridge Co., 1152
McElljgott V. Randolph, 671/
McElrath v. Whetstone, 684
McElroy v. Goble, 101, 940
McElwee ». Bridgeport L. & I. Co., 6
McEvoy V. Bock, 90
V. Humphrey, 1249a, 1264
McEwan v. McLeod, 842
McEwen v. Dillon, 993
V. Kerfoot, 1056
2944
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
McElyea v. Faires, 3016
MoFadden v. Crawford, 308a
V. Henderson, 734
V. Hopkins, 82
V. Johnson, 1159
V. Ross, 691o
V. Schill, 924a, 1143
V. Whitney, 55
McFadin v. Rippey, 9996
McFall V. Dempsey, 304
McFarland v. Carver, 1052
V. Dawson, 671
V. McClees, 8186
V. Stone, 914
I). United States M. A. Assoc, 732
MacFarlane v. Allan-Pfeiflfer Chemical
Co., 672
MacFeat v. Philadelphia, W. & B. R.
R., 574a
McFee v. Vicksburg R. R., 1367
McGann v. Hamilton, 924a
McGar v. Bristol, 1112a
McGarr v. National & P.W. Mills, 486c
McGarrahan v. New York, N. H. & H.
R. R., 171a, 2216, 483, 485
McGary v. Hastings, 959, 979, 982, 983
V. President, 3806
McGaughey v. Jacoby, 681a
McGaughy v. Berg, 340c
McGavock v. Chamberlain, 528
V. Wood, 762
McGaw V. Acker, M. & C. Co., 240
McGean v. Manhattan Ry., 1208
McGee v. Roen, 795
McGehee v. Shafer, 1325
McGettigan v. Parks, 925, 939
McGhee v. Posey, 734
V. Willis, 574a
McGiffin V. Baird, 774
McGill V. Ash, 76
V. Grand Trunk Ry., 856
V. Pintsch Compressing Co., 948
V. Rowand, 1288
V. U. S. Bank, 339a
!). W. P. Fuller & Co., 564, 565a,
565c
McGillivray v. Minico Real Estate Se-
curity Co., 972
McGinnis v. Noble, 1053
V. Pontiac, The, 599c
McGoldrick v. Rex, 1154o
McGoon V. Shirk, 270
McGovem v. Lewis, 633d, 842
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
571c
McGowan v. Bailey, 304, 932, 936
V. Duff, 8736
V. Interstate Consolidated St. R.
R., 481
V. La Plata M. & S. Co., 1326
V. Lynch, 515
V. St. Louis O. & S. Co., 572
V. Whiting, 1070
McGowan, Matter of, 301c
McGowen v. Young, 83
McGown V. International & G. N. Ry.,
380a, 573
McGrann v. North Lebanon R. R., 655
McGrath v. Gegner, 734
V. Horgan, 643, 656
McGraw v. Baltimore & O. R. R., 119
V. Gloversville, 673d
McGregor v. Balch, 688a
V. Board of Education, 999^
V. Equitable Gas Co., 1419, 1160a,
1164, 1165
i*. Kilgore, 844
V. McArthur, 641
McGrew v. Chicago & M. E. R. R., 1359
I'. Mo. Pac. Ry., 857a
McGuckin v. Milbank, 968
McGuffey v. Humes, 959, 965
McGuinness v. Whalen, 1023
McGuire v. Grant, 93o, 925, 939
V. Lovelace, 932
V. Lynch, 906
V. Pierce, 686
McHaney v. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 852
V. Trustees, 561
McHardy v. Wadsworth, 1041
McHenry v. Parkersburg, 924, 932
V. Philadelphia, W. & B. R. R., 852
McHenry Coal Co. v. Sneddon, 368
McHose V. Eamshaw, 778
V. Fuhner, 153, 157, 163, 204, 740,
741, 1059
McHugh V. Rhode Island Co., 1365
V. Schlosser, 573a, 574a
Mellhargy v. Chambers, 1298
Mcllvaine v. Wilkins, 295, 308
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2945
Mcllvane, The, 692
Mclnhill V. Odell, 269
Mclnnis v. Lyman, 56, 956, 977
Mclnroy v. Dyer, 58, 316, 666o
Mclntire v. Barnes, 645, 1067
t). Cagley, 416
V. Eastman, 535
V. Lineham, 692/
V. Sholty, 363
V. State, 1148
Mcintosh V. Augusta & A. Ry., 364,
371a
V. Johnson, 410, 676
V. Lee, 109
Mclnturff v. Western U. T. Co., 881o,
896
Mclntyre v. Bransford, 451
V. GibUn, 47
V. New York C. R. R., 572, 1367
V. N. Y. Cent, R. R., 101
V. Whitney, 201 N. Y. 526; 521
V. Whitney, 139 App. Div. 557;
22^, 521
McKahan v. American Express Co.,
851
Mckay V. Bamett, 672
V. Lane, 316
V. Melvin, 3016
V. New England Dredging Co.,
573a, 574a, 576, 580, 584,
1367
V. Overton, 310a
V. Riley, 740
McKee V. Bain, 979, 983
V. Brandon, 959
V, Jones, 769
V. Nelson, 1290
V. Phoenix Ins. Co., 730
McKeegan v. McSwiney, 679a
McKeigue v. Janesville, 580, 581, 1289,
1306, 1307
McKellar v. Powell, 681a
McKelvin v. London, 226j
McKenna v. Baessler, 226/
V. Citizens' Natural Gas Co., 486a,
1303
McKenney v. Haines, 313a, 619, 746
McKenzie v. A. P. Cook Co., 915
V. Boutwell, 1296
V. Gray, 637, 638
185
McKenzie v. Hancock, 772
V. Marsh, 686
V. Mitchell, 607, 629
«;. North Coast Coll. Co., 1363
V. Underwood, 794
McKeon v. Byington, 310, 311 .
w. Citizens' Ry., 347, 360, 363a,
380
V. N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., 1152a
V. See, 33, 948
V. Wendelken, 304
McKerall v. Atlantic C. L. R. R., 854
McKercher v. Curtis, 734
McKey v. Lauflin, 689
McKibbin v. Great Northern R. R., 873
V. Williams, 306
McKim V. Bartlett, 98, 106, 692c
V. Blake, 311, 335
V. Haley, 681a
McKinlay v. Tuttle, 905
McKinley v. Blackedge, 301
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 41, 47,
180, 226/, 481, 485
V. Drew, 439c
V. Goodman, 667
V. Williams, 728
McKinney v. Carson, 1261, 1271
V. Nashville, 266, 1171a
V. Peck, 999/
V. Springer, 660, 662, 1048
McKinnon v. Burrows, 1010
». McEwan, 190, 646
McKinsey v. Squires, 639
McKnight v. Carmichael, 506o
V. Chauncey, 341
V. Derlin, 1040
V. Dunlop, 6 N. Y. 537; 734
V. Dunlop, 4 Barb. 36; 313, 314
V. RatcUff, 178, 184, 947
V. United States, 505
V. Wichita, 11716, 1149
McKusick V. Stillwater, 1148
Macky v. Dillinger, 1044, 1069
McLane v. Abrams, 325
V. Elmer, 4
V. Miller, 1048, 1064
McLaren v. Fischer, 645
McLaughlin v. Bangor, 196, 436
V. Charles, 446
V. Corry, 41, 47, 86c
2946
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
McLaughlin v. Cowley, 451
V. Hebron Mfg. Co., 573o
McLean v. Charles Wright Medicine
Co., 109
V. Chicago I. & D. R. R., 11716
V. Chicago, S. P. M. & O. Ry., 1342
V.News Pub. Co., 607a
V. Pittsburg Railways, 482o
V. Richardson, 755
V. Tinsley, 413
McLean C. C. Co. v. Lennon, 602
V. Long, 502, 935
V. McVey, 575
McLees v. Felt, 1260
McLemore v. Mabson, 973
McLendon v. Anson County, 346
V. Atlanta, etc., R. R., 1175
McLennan v. Ohmen, 762, 766
V. Prentice, 956, 966, 975, 977, 981
McLeod V. Boulton, 98, 103, 812
V. Capehart, 533
V. Genius, 655
V. Nimocks, 1275
V. Sandell, 107c
V. Spencer, 70
McLimans v. Lancaster, 335
McLure v. Hart, 1146
McMahan v. Bowe, 908
McMahon v. Bangs, 1306
V. Dubuque, 251, 932
V. Field, 150, 867
V. New Orleans R. & L. Co., 1333
V. New York &E. R. R., 313, 314a
V. New York News Pub. Co., 368
V. Northern C. Ry., 41, 47, 226/,
485
V. St. Louis, A. & T. R. R., 1123
V. Sankey, 1249, 1254, 1255
V. Walsh, 1328
McManus v. American Woolen Co.,
742a
McMartin v. Hurlburt, 244
McMaster v. Dyer, 1254
V. State, 314, 614, 617, 636, 642
V. Com., 1128
McMeekin v. Southern Ry., 159, 190
McMenamy v. Cohick, 363a, 364, 378
McMichael v. Mason, 59
McMillan v. Arthur, 827
V. Fairley, 431
McMillan v. First Nat. Bank, 408
V. Quincey, 834, 834c
V. Reaume, 439a
V. Ritchie, 959
V. Solomon, 999c
V. Union P. B. W., 41, 47, 4866
V. Vanderlip, 673/
McMillen v. Columbia, 1149
V. Elder, 1345
V. Gibson, 681a
McMullan v. Dickinson Co., 665,
6'66
V. Free, 164a, 768
McMuUen v. Williams, 764
V. Winfield Building & Loan Assoc,
694
McMurray v. Basnett, 1326
V. Day, 917
V. Emerson, 1231
V. Sioux City, 1355
McMurrich v. Bond H. H. Co., 519
McMurty v. Blake, 1022
McMurtry v. Kentucky Cent. R. R.,
316
McNair v. Crompton, 959, 1009, 1020
McNairy v. Bell, 411
V. McNairy, 3116
McNally v. White, 975
McNamara v. Clintonville, 1216, 180
». Com., 1191
V. Dennison, 1143
V. Jose, 695
V. King, 352, 372, 490
V. McAllister, 480a
V. McNamara, 1334
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1363
t). Vincent, 999/1
McNary v. Blackburn, 1255
McNaught V. Dodson, 753
McNaughter v. Cassally, 753
McNaughton v. Borth, 934o
McNear v. Leblond, 858
V. McComber, 3016
McNeil V. Call, 3406
V. Crucible Steel Co., 184
McNeil, Ex parte, 570
McNeill V. Cape Girardeau, 485
V. Reid, 193
McNetton v. Herb, 1249, 1250
McNutt V. Young, 451
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2947
McNutty V. Mt. Morris E. L. Co.,
12560
McPeak v. Missouri Pac. Ry., iZh
McPeek v. Western U. Tel. Co., 169
McPhee v. Wilson, 419
McPheeters v. Hannibal & St. J. R. R.,
368
McPherson v. Chandler, 1271a
V. Robertson, 415
V. Ryan, 360, 370, 637a, 638, 639a
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 577
McPheters v. Moose R. L. D. Co., 136
McPhillips V. Fitzgerald, 926
McPike V. McPike, 311b
McQuade v. Newman, 762
McQuaid v. Portland & V. Ry., 1117
McQueen v. Fulghan, 443
V. Whetstone, 696b
McQuown V. Law, 785fc
McRae v. Brown, 236, 685to
V. Clark, 200, 553
V. Dunlop, 553
V. McNair, 679a
V. Malloy, 311a
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 42
V. White, 908, 920
McRea v. Hill, 119, 121a
McReynolds v. Kansas City, C. & S.
Ry., 1140
V. Burlington & O. R. R., 1138,
1164, 1165b, 1165c
Macrow v. Great Western Ry., 873
McShane v. Howard Bank, 303, 694
McSherry Mfg. Co. u. Dowagiac Mfg.
Co., 1230, 1243
McSloy V. Ryan, 1044
McSorley v. Faulkner, 1296
McSwyny v. Broadway & S. A. R. R.,
1309
McTavish v. Carroll, 1261
MacVeagh v. Bailey, 127, 136, 565o,
682
McVeigh v. Howard, 302a
V. Minn. & R. R. Ry., 1367
V. Old Dominion Bank, 340c
McVicar v. Dennison, 343
V. Royce, 797, 799, 800
McWilliam.s v. Bragg, 360, 372
V. Hoban, 458, 372
V. Morgan, 688a, 931, 932
McWilUams v. Norileet, 692d
Macarty v. Barrow, 700
Mace V. Ramsey, 194
V. Reed, 378
Macey Co. v. New York, 419
Machette v. Wanless, 324a, 538
Machin v. Geortner, 929a
Mack V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 1347
V. Jackson, 685c
V. Patchin, 986, 988
V. Sloteman, 762
V. South Bound R. R., 43A
Mackay v. Western U. T. Co., 154, 890
Mackellar v. Farrell, 688
Mackenzie v. Clement, 238, 983
Mackey v. Harmon, 970
V. Olssen, 1012, 1022
Mackintosh v. Great W. Ry., 289
Macklem v. Durrant, 431
Madomber v. Bigelow, 312
V. Dunham, 325
Macon v. Daley, 1172a
V. Dannenberg, 1108
V. Patty, 1139a
Macon & Western R. R. v. Johnson,
574o
V. Meador, 317
Macon Co. v. Rodgers, 326
Macon Ry. & L. Co. v. Mason, 482o
Macwdrth v. Thomas, 678
Macy V. Indianapolis, 1108, 1115
V. Peach, 137
Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad v.]
Fulton, 1289 '
Madden v. Caldwell Land Co., 960
V. Lemke, 755
Mades v. Miller, 311b
Madigan v. Schaghticoke, 490
Madison County v. Bartlett, 337
V. Johnston, 692fc
V. TuUis, 98
Madison Nat. Bank v. Farmer, 81, 531a
Madisonville, H. & E. R. R. v. Gates,
219 :
V. Ross, 1169
Madisonville v. Stewart, 1348
Madland v. Beuland, 918
Madler v. Silverstone, 417
Magagnos v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
380
2948
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Magaw V. Lambert, 999c
Magdeburg G. I. Co. v. Paulson, 852
Mageau v. Great No. Ry., 571c
Magee v. Brooklyn, 1154c
V. Holland, 360, 376
V. Lavell, 413
Magenta, The, 587
Magerstadt v. Harder, 691a
Magic RufiBe Co. v. Elm City Co.,
1232a
Magilton v. Stevenson, 310o
Magmer v. Renk, 241, 459, 468
Magner v. Knowles, 303
Magnes v. Sioux City Nursery & Seed
Co., 753, 755
Magnin v. Dinsmore, 844, 851
Magnolia Metal Co. v. Gale, 603, 614
Magnus v. Woolery, 692i
Magoffin V. Patton, 301c
Magouirk v. Western U. T. Co., 894
Magrane v. Archbold, 426
Magruder v. Randolph, 85
Maguire v. Button, 533, 535
V. Pan American Amusement Co.,
689o
V. Riggin, 976
V. Sheehan, 1216, 491
V. Transit Co., 484
V. Woodside, 666
Mahady v. Bushwick R. R., 1184
Mahaffey v. Beach Creek R. R., 1142
Mahan v. Brown, 32
V. Ross, 1031
V. Waters, 3406
Mahanoy v. Comry, 337
Mahaska County v. Ingalls, 692d
Maher v. Central Park, N. & E. R. R.
R., 1325
V. Riley, 745
V. Schulang, 1371
V. Winona & St. P. R. R., 109
Mahlman v. WilUams, 688a
Mahoney, The, 697a
Mahoney v. Belford, 47, 451
V. Dixon, 563o
V. Young, 922
Mahood v. Pleasant Valley Coal Co.,
1357
Mahurin v. Bickford, 334
Maier v. Brown, 1238, 1239
are to sections]
Maier v. Western Union Telegraph C,
876, 897
Maille ». Laoassagne, 1370
Main v. Casserly, 411
V. King, 417
Maine, The, 590
Maine v. Chicago City Ry., 1348
Maine Cent. Inst. v. Haskell, 301
Maine M. M. Ins. Co. v. Farrar, 703
V. Stockwell, 703
Mainstee I. W. Co. v. Shores Lumber
Co., 419
Mainwaring t>. Brandon, 833
Mainz v. Lederer, 637, 639
Mailler v. Express Propeller Line, 196,
226, 592, 593
Mairs v. Manhattan R. E. Assoc, 317
Maisenbacker v. Society, 234, 359
Majestic Hotel Co. v. Eyre, 999c
Major V. Dunnavant, 975
V. Pulliam, 388
Malachy v. Soper, 455
Malaun ti. Ammon, 1020
Malcomb v. Louisville & N. R. R., 862
Malcomson v. Reeves Pulley Co., 752
Malecek v. Tower G. & L. Ry., 379
Maling, The, 588
Mall V. Portland, 332
Mallay v. Kelly-Atkinson Const. Co.,
1349
Mallet V. Quine, 1154c
Mallonee v. Duff, 674
Mallory v. Lord, 753
Mallough V. Barber, 817
Malloy V. Bennett, 368, 378
Malmstrom v. People's D. D. Co., 937
Malneg v. Hatten Lumber Co., 153
Malone v. Hawley, 47, 86c, 490
V. Philadelphia, 419
V. Roy, 325, 916
V. Sierra Ry. Co. ot California, 44
Maloney v. King, 503
V. Stetson & Post Mill Co., 1348
Malony v. Brady, 6466
Malott V. Goff, 789
V. Central Trust Co., 1367
V. Shimer, 1367
Maltman v. Williamson, 308
Manchester & O. Bank v. Cook, 168
Mandel v. Steel, 762o
TABLE OF CASES
2949
[References
Mandeville v. Courtright, 368
Mandia v. McMahon, 130, 607
Maneely v, M'Gee, 798
Maner v. Wilson, 325
Maness v. Joplin & P. Ry., 1347
Maney v. Chicago, etc., R. R., S73a
Mangalore, The, 852
Manger t>. Grodnick, 665
Mangham v. Reed, 1282
Mangles V. Chosen Freeholders, 1129
Mangold v. Oft, 487a
Mangum v. Ball, 278, 819
Manhan v. Smith, 972
Manhattan, The, 587
Manhattan L. Ins, Co. v. Hennessy,
729
Manhattan R. R. v. O'Sullivan, 1190
Manhattan Stamping Works v. Koeh-
ler, 2126, 995
Manhattan Terminal, In re, 253, 1294
Manice v. Brady, 405
Manitoba, The, 587, 598
Manitou & P. P. Ry. v. Harris, 933
Manley v. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
1356
Mann v. Cross, 345
V. Eckford, 789
V. Everts, 692j
V. Lawrence, 31 1&
V. Mathews, 975, 981
V. Taylor, 78 la. 355; 162, 742
V. Taylor, 1 McC. 171; 334
V. Yazoo, 692e
Mann B. C. Co. v. Dupre, 1214, 873o
Mann, Succession of, 339
Mannerberg v. Metropolitan St. Ry.,
482a
Manning v. Fitch, 167
V. Grinstead, 684a
V. Manning, 311c
V. Monaghan, 81
V. Shreveport, 44 La. 882; 1172a
V. Shreveport, 119 La. 1044; 1139
Mannville Co. v. Worcester, 56
Mansell v. British L. C. Bank, 12866
Manser v. Collins, 47
Mansfield v. New York Central & H.
R. R. R., 296, 312, 313
Mansfield Coal & Coke Co. v. McEn-
ery, 574a, 577, 580
are to sections]
Manson v. Boston, 1151, 1164
Mansur v. Willard, 755
Mantonville R. & T. Co. v. Slingerland,
1126, 1154
Mantonya v. Martin E. 0. Co., 82
Mantur v. Truesdale, 1027
Manuel v. Campbell, 606a
Manufacturers' & Traders' Bank ii. C.
W. F. Dare Co., 685«
Manufacturers' Bank v. Dare, 685
Manufacturers' Fuel Co. v. White, 4866
Manufacturers' N. B. v. Perry, 303
Manufacturers' N. G. Co. v. LesJie,
1110, 1165
Manufacturing Co. v. Cowing, 1237
V. Worcester, 1172a
Manville v. MoCoy, 656
V. Western U. T. Co., 876, 882
Manville Covering Co. d. Babcock,
1256A
Many, In re, 704
Many v. Sizer, 1228
Manzer v. Phillips, 1249
Marble v. Keyes, 856
Marburg v. Marburg, 274
Marbury v. Kentucky Union Land Co.,
789
Majbury Lumber Co. v. Stearns Mfg.
Co., 164a
March v. AUabough, 413
V. Bamet, 804
V. Portsmouth, etc, R. R., 336,
1108
V. Walker, 574, 584
Marchesseau v. Chaffee, 734
Marcly v. Shults, 1208
Marcum v. Burgess, 545
Marcus v. Omaha & C. B. R. & B. Co.,
1371
e. .Smith, 1023
w/Stein, 433
V. Thornton, lOgO
Marcy v. Fries, 64, 65, 1148
Marengo County v. Matkin, 685/
Marfield v. Douglass, 821
Margaret, The, v. The Connestoga,
235
Margolith «. McDonald, 1334
Margraf v. Muir, 1010, 1011
Mariani v. Dougherty, 1372
2950
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Marie v. Semple, 915
Marietta Iron Works v. Lottimer, 326
Marine v. Lyon, 338
Marine Bank v. Fulton Bank, 269
Marine Ins. Co. v. China Transpacific
Steamship Co., 716
V. United Ins. Co., 841
V. So. Pac. Co., 841
Marion v. Johnson, 363a
Mariska, The, 588, 590
Mark v. H. D. Williams Cooperage Co.,
212&
V. Hudson River Bridge Co., 214
Markel v. Moudy, 1027
Marker v. Duim, 451
■/. Miller, 487
Markham v. Herrick, 641
V. Jandon, 228e, 228/, 509
V. Russell, 443, 446, 448
Markland v. Crump, 956
Markoe v. American Siu-ety Co., 688
Marks v. Chicago Yacht Club, 685j
V. Culmer, 364, 366, 382, 564, 935o
V. Long Island R. R., 181
V. Massachusetts B. & I. Co., 682a
Marlborough v. Sisson, 91, 636</
Marlett v. Clary, 773
Marlow v. Southern Pac. Co., 1342
Mamey v. State, 692d
Marpessa, The, 593
Marquardt v. Hudson C. G. Co., IQId
Marquart v. La Farge, 927, 9906, 1304
Marquette County v. Ward, 688
Marquette, H. & O. R. R. v. Langton,
844
Marquezew. Sontheimer, 127, 182, 565c,
682
Marquis v. Lauretson, 6556
V. Wood, 851
Marquis of Chandos v. Commrs. of
Inland Revenue, 1286
Marr v. Barrett, 821
V. Prather, 276
V. Southwick, 339a
V. Western U. T. Co., 214, 884
Marrin v. Graver, 189, 984
Marriott v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1350
V. Western U. T. Co., 881
Marsh v. Billings, 102
«. Butterworth, 999c
Marsh v. Cavanaugh, 1006
V. Edge, 443
V. Fraser, 310, 314
V. Hammond, 908
V. Harrington, 808
V. Irwin, 921
V. McPherson, 55, 734, 764
V. MhineapoUs B. Co., 1368
V. New York & Erie R. R., 1288
V. Nichols, Shepard & Co., 1242
V. Richards, 657, 660, 662
V. Rulesson, 673/
V. Seymour, 1230a
V. Taylor, 301c
V. Thompson, 973
V. Webber, 769
Marshall, Ex parte, 805
Marshall v. American T. & T. Co.,
1166e, 1171c
V. Betner, 234, 359, 467
V. Clark, 162
V. Delaware Ins. Co., 711
V. Dudley, 295
V. Ferguson, 8185
V. Franklin L. I. Co., 730
V. Gantt, 765
V. Gunter, 1326
V. Haney, 1010, 1019
V. 3. W. & W. S. Atkins, 416a
V. McConnell, 959
V. Macon County Savings Bank,
752
i>. Marshall, 278
r. New York C. R. R., 846
V. Piles, 755
V. Poole, 289
V. Saginaw V. T. Co., 1347
V. Schricker, 293
V. Simpson, 545
V. Taylor, 1340
V. Welwood, 33
V. Wood, 316, 762
Marston v. Hobbs, 956, 966
V. Singapore Rattan Co., 606o
Martachowski v. Orawitz, 1030
Martin v. Atkinson, 959, 979
V. Berwind-White Coal Mining
Co., 416, 999a
V. Bolenbaugh, 795
V, Carlock, 364
TABLE OF CASES
2951
Pleferences
Martin v. Corscadden, 458, 1337
V. Court, 789
V. Deetz, 182a
V. Ede, 302
V. Everett, 665
V. Fillmore County, 1141
V. Franklin, 275
V. Gordon, 959, 961, 964, 981
V. Hill, 228, 1057
V. Kelly, 685
V. Leslie, 361
!;. Long, 966
V. Manhattan R. R., 1203
V. Martin, 6 Watts, 67; 301c
V. Martin, 108 Wis. - 284; 673c,
999c
t). Meles, 636c
V. Minor, 487a
V. Monongahela R. R., 620
K. Murphy, 482, 483, 484
V. Oslin, 493a
V. Porter, 501
V. Prince, 673e
V. Riddle, 373
V. Rider, 1286b
V. Ripe, 1007
V. Schoenberger, 659
V. St. Louis, 331a
V. Seaboard A. L. Ry., 607
V. Silliman, 308a
V. Southern Ry., 864a
V. State, 310, 314
V. Sunset Tel. Co., 888
V. Taylor, 679
V. Temperley, 810
V. Tyler, 1141a
V. Wharton, 1050
V. Wright, 959
Martin-Brown Co. v. Henderson, 76
Martindale v. Brock, 793, 801
V. Wilson-Cass Co., 673d
Martinez v. Thompson, 999ft
Martinsville v. Shirley, 65
Marvin v. Lewis, 918
V. Pardee, 938
V. Prentice, 240, 910
Marx V. Leinkauff, 682
V. Press Pub. Co., 447
Mary Eveline, The, 594
Mary Ida, The, 587
are to sections]
Maryland v. Winter, 678
Maryland & W. R. R. v. Hiller, 1148
Maryland C. & C. Co. v. Quemahoning
Coal Co., 161
Maryland Ice Co. v. Arctic Ice Mach.
Mfg. Co., 735c
Maryland Steel Co. v. Marney, 116
Marzetti v. WiUiams, 98, 105, 107a,
171o, 707
Mascotte, The, 3836
Mashburn v. Danneberg, 431
Mason v. Alabama Iron Co., 90, 607,
613
V. Callender, 331, 343, 345
V. Com., 692a
V. Eakle, 334
V Ellsworth, 41, 481
V. Erie R. R., 482a
V. FrankUn, 700
V. Graham, 1230, 1232a
V. Harper's Ferry Bridge Co., 1173
V. Hawes, 234, 359
V. Hill, 940
V. Kellogg, 978
V. Kennebec, etc., R. R., 11656
V. Lawing, 1012a
V. Lewis, 931
V. Marine Ins. Co., 714
V. Morgan, 76
V. Postal T. C. Co., 932
V. Raplee, 777
i>. Richards, 681a
V. Sieglitz, 36o
V. Southern Ry., 5716
V. Sumner, 6916
Mason Manuf. Co. v. Stephens, 621
Mason C. & F. D. R. R. v. Boynton,
1332
Mfisonic Sav. Bank v. Bangs, 310a
Masons' Fraternal Assoc, v. Riley,
732
Massachusetts v. Western Union Tel.
Co., 339a
Massachusetts Ben. Assoc, v. Miles,
327
Massachusetts Cent. R. R. v. Blacker,
1151
V. Boston, etc., R, R., 1152a
Massachusetts Hospital v, Prov. L, Ins.
Co., 274
2952
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Massachusetts L. & T. Co. v. Fitchburg
R. R.j 853
^lassey v. Fain, 493, 1295
V. Greenabaum, 65£if
V. Taylor, 674
Massie v. State Nat. Bank, 999/
Maasman v. Steiger, 753
Massuere v. Dickens, 449
Mast V. Superior Drill Co., 1230a
Mastellar v. Great Northern Ry., 1331
Masters v. Warren, 41, 44, 47
Masters & G. W. Ry., In re, 1097
Masterson v. Chicago & N. W. R. R.,
1342
V. Short, 35
Masterton v. Goodlett, 745
V. Mayor, 192, 613, 614, 616, 636e,
636i, 752
V. Mt. Vernon, 180, 181, 482o
Match V. Hunt, 335
Matheis t». Mazet, 376, 385, 478, 479
Matheny v. Stewart, 959, 982
Mather v. American Ex. Co., 1216, 152,
850
V. Butler County, 2126
V. Kinike, 273
Mathes v. McCarthy, 762
Mathesius v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
667
Matheson v. Equitable Mar. Ins. Co.,
712
V. Southern Ry., 363
Mathew v. Sherwell, 256
Mathews v. Davis, 1012a
V. Great Northern Ry., 76
V. Howard Ins. Co., 718
V. Sharp, 414
Mathieu v. Laflamme, 359
Matlock V. Reppy, 1027
Matney v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 852
Matoon City Ry. v. Graham, 1363
Matson v. Buck, 451
V. Matson, 1345
Matteson v. Monroe, 366
V. New York, etc., R. R., 47, 860
Matthews v. Adams, 310a
V. Bliss, 439a
V. Coe, 509
■v. Cribbett, 639
V. Delaware & H. C. Co., 924
Matthews v. Discount Corp., 148
V. Gray, 1345
V. Matthews, 1012a
V. Montgomery, 692a
Mattice v. Brinkman, 492a
ti. Wilcox, 452
Mattingly v. Boyd, 341
«. Colton, 599c
V. Houston, 47
V. Mathews, 755
Mattis V. Philadelphia Traction Co.,
218
V. St. Louis & S. F. Ry., 937, 937a
Mattoon v. Pearce, 538
Mattox V. Craig, 279c
Mauerman v. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry.,
486c
Mauk V. Brundage, 382, 445
Maul V. Drexel, 562
Mauldint). Greenville, 1148, 1149, 1172
Maund v. Loeb, 1275
Maunsell v. Massareene, 1275
Maupai v. Jackson, 1017
Mauran v. Warren, 834d, 834/
Mauricet v. Brecknock, 1368
Maury v. Coyle, 317
Mauzy v. Flint, 956
Maverick v. Lewis, 999c
Maw V. Coast Lumber Co., 1354
V. Jones, 668
Mawson v. Leavitt, 407, 416
Max Morris, The, 599
Maxted v. Fowler, 762, 777
Maxville v. Western U. T. Co., 894c
Maxwell v. Allen, 407, 417
V. Crann, 317, 432a
V. Jameson, 796, 797
V. Kennedy, 377, 451
V. Pamell, 836, 838
V. Pike, 117, 562
V. Sherman, 1028
May V. Boston, 1162
V. Breunig, 633/
V. Brown, 449
V. Carbondale T. Co., 1149
D. Delaware Ins. Co., 718
V. Dyer, 777
V. Georger, 618, 6336
V. Green, 3116
V. Gunther, 6336
TABLE OF CASES
2953
[References
May V. Ivie, 973
V. Jameson, 527
V. N. Y. S. R. F. Soc, 439c
V. Poluhoff, 611
V. Slade, 1159
v. West Jersey & S. R. R., 579,
1367
Mayberry !;. Cliffe, 533, 538
Maye v. Yappen, 935
Mayer v. American Ins. Co., 726
V. Puke, 60, 364, 387
V. Dwinell, 762, 762a
V. Probe, 1254
V. La Piemme, 6336
V. Liebmann, 1354
V. Reed, 340c
V. Wooten, 965
Mayers v. Smith, 1249
Mayfair Property Co. v. Johnston,
932
Mayfield v. Moore, 569
V. White, 363o, 1334
Mayflower, The, 196, 593
Mayhew v. Bums, 570, 570a
Maynard v. Beardsley, 449, 451
V. Maynard, 214, 441
V. Northampton, 1171
«;. Oregon Ry., 43g, 47
V. Pease, 519, 524, 822
V. Royal Worcester Corset Co.,
633/, 667
Maynell v. Saltmarsh, 1194
Mayo V. Goldman, 120a
V. Springfield, 136 Mass. 10; 1110
V. Springfield, 138 Mass. 70^ 63,
66
V. Wahlgreen, 316, 439t
Mayor, Matter of, etc., 1128
V. Furze, 35
V. Kelly, 692o
V. Lewis,' 3806
V. Mabie, 9996
V. Muzzy, 673e
V. Second Ave. R. R., 647
Mayor of Birkenhead v. London & N.
W. Ry., 1093
Maysville v. Stanton, 95, 925, 932
Maysville & B. S. Ry. v. Conner,
1138a
V. Ingram, 1123, II880, 1162
are to sections]
Maywood v. Logan, 1058
Mc is indexed as " Mac "
Meacham v. Fitchburg R. R., 1129,
1130, 1147
Mead v. Pittsburg, 1142
V. Pollock, 378
V. Stratton, 1254, 1255
V. Wheeler, 301, 417
V. Young, 42
Meade v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
1347
V. Goldman, 483
V. Rutledge, 667
V. St. Louis M. L. I. Co., 730
Meaders v. Gray, 326
Meadows v. Osterkamp, 916
Meagher v. Driscoll, 44a
V. Puckett, 3016
Mealey v. Finnegan, 1020
Means v. Means, 762
V. Milliken, 1023
Meardon v. Iowa City, 1148
Mears v. Cornwall, 79
V. Nichols, 1061
Meason v. Kaine, 1009, 1023
V. PhilUps, 279c
Meason's Estate, 334
Meaux v. Pittman, 685, 685m
Mecartney v. Smith, 929, '929a
Mechanics' & T. Bk. v. Farmers' & M.
Nat. Bk., 76, 493, 1325, 1330
Mechanics' Ins. Co. v. Hodge, 722
Mechlem v. Blak, 973
V. Blake, lQ7d, 966
Medairy v. McAllister, 363
Medberry v. Sweet, 608
Medbury v. New York & E. R. R., 856o
V. Watrous, 673o, 1027
Medical College of Ga. v. Rushing,
4Zi
Medinger v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
1367
Meeoh v. Smith, 298
Meehan «. Edwards, 933
Meek v. Wendt, 836
Meeker v. Gardella, 999e
V. Hurd, 673a
V. Klemm, 717
V. Meeker, 964
Meekins v. Norfolk & S. Ry., 581
2954
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Mehurin v. Stone, 659
Meibus v. Dodge, 368, 385
Meidel v. Anthis, 347, 361, 386, 1249,
1254, 1256
Meighan v. Birmingham Terminal Co.,
63, 243, 362
Meisch v. Rochester El. Ry., 1334
Meixell v. Kirkpatrick, 1298
Melcher v. Scruggs, 47, 564
Mell V. Mooney, 1062
Mellersh v. Brown, 288
Mellish V. Simeon, 700
Mellor V. Philadelphia, 238
V. Spateman, 97
Melsbary v. Jacobus, 976
Memmer v. Carey, 85
Memmert v. McKeen, 1024
Memphis v. Bolton, 1148
Memphis & C. P. Co. v. Nagel, 365, 380
Memphis & C. R. R. v. Green, 1342
I). Hembres, 435
V. Whitfield, 41, 47, 180, 226/, 368,
481, 485
Memphis & L. R. R. R. v. Walker, 277,
736
Memphis D. & G. Ry. v. Buckley, 1367
Memphis Packet Co. v. Peabody Ins.
Co., 711
V. Yaeger Transp. Co., 587
Memphis St. Ry. v. Berry, 1367
Menard v. Stevens, 182, 988a
Mendell v. Willyoung, 636c
Mendelsohn v. Anaheim Lighter Co.,
378, 380
Mendenhall v. Davis, 672
Mendocino County v. Morris, 269
Menetone v. Athawes, 655c
Mengells v. Mohusville Water Co., 320
Menkens v. Menkens, 256
Mentzer v. Western U. T, Co., 814o,
894
Mequet v. Silverman, 1370
Mercantile Trust Co. v. Hensey, 6796
V. South Park Co., 983, 979
Mercer v. Beale, 334
u. Irving, 413
V. Jones, 256, 508
V. Liverpool S. H. & L. Ry., 1085
V. Vose, 314, 315, 664a
V. Whall, 1286
Merchant v. Piekle, 458, 1339
Merchants' & Manufs. Nat. Bank v.
Cumings, 795
Merchants' Bank v. McDonald, 531a
V. State Bank of Phillips, 819
Merchants' Ins. Co. v. Buckner, 444a
V. Frick, 725
Merchants' I. & C. S. Co. v. Bargholt,
1350
Merchants' M. I. Co. v. Butler, 710, 841
Merchant's M. T. Co. v. Hirschman,
948
Merchants' Nat. Bank v. WilHams,
493o
Merchants' S. L. & T. Co. v. Goodrich,
538
Merchants' W. B. Assoc, v. Wood, 119
Meredith v. Banks, 339a
Merest v. Harvey, 350, 1334
Merguire v. O'Donnell, 441
Meriam v. Brown, 1174
Merica v. Burget, 408, 413
Meridian v. Higgins, 1139a
Merieult v. Austin, 310
Meriwether v. Lewis, 301b
V. Publishers: George Knapp &
Co., 1335
Merrell v. Merrell, 3406
Merrett v. Farmers' Ins. Co., 725
Merriam v. Pine City Lumber Co., 789
V. Woodcock, 1048
Merrick v. Brainard, 849
V. Wiltse, 762, 772
Merrifield v. Davis, 383
V. Longmire, 344
Merrill v. Blanchard, 227
V. Dibble, 109, 363a
V. Elam, 343
V. Grinnell, 873
V. How, 58, 226c
V. Ithaca & O. R. R., 6556
V. Los Angeles G. & E. Co., 47
V. Mclntyre, 676, 681
V Merrill, 410
V Nightingale, 762
V Parker, 750
V Perkins, 1332
V. Taylor, 1050, 1053
V Wedgwood, 531a
V. Willis, 999/
TABLE OP CASES
2955
[References
Merrill v. Western U. T. Co., 1076
Merrills v. Tariff Manuf. Co., 352
Merrimack Manuf. Co. v. Quintard,
742
Merriman v. McCormick Harvesting
Machine Co., 734, 834c
Merrinane v. Miller, 377a
Merritt v. Benton, 705
V. Brinckerhoff, 941
V. Closson, 988
V. Harper, 1326
V. Nevin, 241a
ti. Scott, 915
V. Wittich, 762
Merritt & C. D. & W. Co. v. Chubb,
597a
Merritt & C. D. & W. Co., In re, 589
Merriweather v. Taylor, 656
Merrow v. Huntoon, 657, 661
V. R. R., 1163
Merryman v. Criddle, 313a
Merzbach v. Mayor, 673e
Meserve v. Ammidon, 2796, 734
Meservey v. Snell, 982, 983
Meshke v. Van Doren, 467, 509
Messenger v. Manhattan Raihroad,
1191
V. Pratt, 762
Messer v. Bailey, 531, 535
V. Oestreich, 975, 981
Messmore v. New York S. & L. Co.,
161, 740
Metcalf V. Baker, 180, 226/, 483, 1325
V. Stryker, 554
V. Young, 883
V. Watertown, City of, 335
Metge V. Kavanagh, 999A
Methodist Church v. Barker, 681a
Metier v. Easton & A. R. R., 331a,
1151
Metropolitan Bank v. Times-Democrat
Pub. Co., 1025
Metropolitan Board of Works v. Mc-
Carthy, 1090, 1093, 1094, 1096, 1097
Metropolitan Coal Co. v. Boutell T. &
T. Co., 842
Metropolitan E. Ry. v. Kneeland, 256
V. Dominick, 1209
Metropolitan Nat. Bank v, Gommercial
State Bank, 3406
are to sections]
Metropolitan St. Ry. v. Kennedy, 489a
V. O'Neill, 1372
Metropolitan Trust Co. v. Toledo, St.
L. & K. C. R. R., 851
Metropolitan Water Works ». Owen
McCarthy, 1121
Metropolitan West Side Elevated R.
R. ... GoU, 1121, 1163
V. Johnson, 1154
V. Siegel, 1157
V. Stickney, 1138
Mette V. Dow, 959, 961
Metzger v. Brincat, 999
Metzner v. Graham, 547
Meux V. Eastern Ry., 873
Mevs V. Conover, 1230, 1231
Mexican Cent. Ry. v. De Rosear, 856
V. Gehr, 1337
Mexican Nat. R. R. v. Finch, 1367
Meyer v. Bohlfing, 386, 446
V. Burlington, 1148
t). Dresser, 1068
V. Estes, 410
V. Fagan, 565c, 682
V. Hallock, 655a
V. Hart, 1372
V. Haven, 166, 648a
V. Standard Tel. Co., 933
Meyer Bros. Drug. Co. v. McKinney,
161
Meyer, Wilson & Co. v. Everett P. & P.
Co., 762
Meyers v. Block, 685
V. Syndicate H. & P. Co., 1353
V. U. S., 681o, 692d
Meylert v. Gas Consumers' Ben. Co.,
182, 607
Meysenburg v. Schlieper, &S5h
Miamisburg Twine & Cordage Co. v.
Wohlhuter, 762 e
Michael v. Hart, 228^, 508a, 636a
V. Mills, 975
Michaels v. New York C. R. R., 119,
119a
Michal Itschke v. Wells, Fargo & Co.,
851
Michand v. Grace H. L. Co., 83
Michel V. Board of Supervisors, 1203
V. Monroe Co., 948
Michigan & 0, P, Co, v. White, 341
2956
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Michigan Cent. R. R. v. Burrows, 119
V. Carrow, 873
V. Curtis, 119
V. Osmus, 852
Michigan L. & I. Co. v. Deer Lake Co.,
930o, 933
Michigan Paving Co. v. Detroit, 614
Michigan S. & N. I. R. R. v. Caster,
844, 846
V. McDonough, 1291
V. Turrill, 1231, 1244
Mickle V. Miles, 61, 990a
Mickles v. Hart, 103
Middlekauff v. Smith, 190, 209, 220,
999A
Middleton v. Bryan, 532
V. Caldwell, 692a
V. Jerdee, 109
V. Moore, 36 Mo. App. 627; 676
0. Moore, 2 ch. 169; 301c
V. Nichols, 473
Midland V. R. R. v. Hoffman Coal Co.,
843a
Midland R. R. v. Trevarthen, 1154c
Mifflin Bridge Co. v. Juniata County,
1173
Mighell V. Stone, 473
Mihalyik v. Klein, 461
Mihills M. Co. V. Day, 156
Milage v. Woodward, 667
Milan, The, 588
Milbank v. Dennistown, 524
V. Dennistoun, 316, 822
Milburn v. Beach, 363a
V. Belloni, 164a, 199, 766
V. Thirty-Five Thousand Boxes of
Oranges & Lemons, 324
Mildmay v. Methuen, 289
Mildmay's Case, 964
Miles V. Bacon, 304, 801
V. Barrows, 1328
V. Barton, 89
V. Edwards, 237, 685fc
V. Elkin, 1042
V. Harrington, 448c
V. Miller, 734
V. Walther, 77
V. Walker, 458
Milford V. Bangor, R. & E. Co., 164
V. Mayor, 700
Milhous V. Atlantic C. L. R. R., 152
Milk V. Waite, 806
Milkman v. Ordway, 1256f2
Mill V. Watson, 1012o
Millar v. Hilliard, 617, 753
Millard v. Brown, 383
V. Missouri, K. & T. R. R., 873
Miller v. Aldrich, 762
V. Ashcraft, 1336
V. Asheville, 1128
V. B. & O. S. W. R. R., 43fe
V. Ballard, 627
V. Baltimore & O. R. R., 864
V. Bank of Orleans, 3406
V. Barber, 257, 777
V. Billington, 310
V. Boone County, 1354
V. Boot & Shoe Co., 666
V. Bryden, 533
V. Burroughs, 325
V. Canton, 1355
V. Collyer, 1023
V. Comwell, 1256/
V. David, 444
V. Donovan, 364
V. Dorsey, 377
V. E. & W. V. R. R., 1165c
V. Edison E. I. Co., 948
V. Edwards, 330
V. Erie R. R,, 1351
V. Fano, 464
V. Ferry, 682
V. Fulton, 931
V. Gaither, 1040
V. Garling, 226c
V. Garrett, 236, 68Sm, 691c
V. Georgia R. & B. Co., 857
V. Hahn, 615, 642
V. HaU, 330
V. Halsey, 959, 979
V. Hammers, 377o, 1254
V. Hartford & S. O. Co., 977
V. Hayes, 641a
V. Henry, 911
V. Ingram, 909o
V. Jannett, 495
V. Johnson, 449, 1328
V. Jones, 538
V. Kempner, 331
V. Kerr, 448(i
TABLE OF CASES
2957
[References
Miller v. King, 864
V. Kingsbury, 789
0. Kirby, 363
V. Laubach, 940
V. Letherington, 717
V. Levy, 6336
V. Loncao, 614
V. Lux, 3116
«. McCardell, 991
V. McCormick Harvesting Ma-
chine Co., 305
V, Macoupin County, 692e
V. Manhattan Ry., 1364
V. Mariners' Church, 201, 209
V. Melchor, 901
V. Metz, 1022
e. Miller, 921
». Miller Knitting Co., 795
V. Moore, 3 Humph. 189; 692c
V. Moore, 111 S. W. 750; 106, 109
V. Morris, 999j
V. Myers, 911, 912
V. Neale, 933
V. Newark, 1160a
V. New York, City of, 1348
V. Nichols, 676
V. Rambo, 363, 364, 373
V. Rhoades, 684a
V. Rhodes, 341
V. Richardson, 671
V. Rosea, 638a
V. Rosier, 638, 641o
V. Roy, 47
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 125o
V. St. Paul City Ry., 1347
V. Smith, 112 Mass. 475; 762
V. Smith, 1 Mason, 437; 1060
V. Smythe, 209
V. Stem, 734
V. Sullivan, 991, 992
V. Ward, 611
V. Welhnan, 933
V. Western U. T. Co., 895
V. WhitBon, 533
V. Windsor Water Co., 1142, .1169
p. Woodfall, 719
V. Zeimer, 777 ,,
Milles V. Milles, 636?
Millhous V. R. R., 862
Milligan v. Nelson, 685
are to sections]
Milligan v. Owen, 834c
V. Wedge, 810
Milliken v. Sloat, 270
Millikin v. Smoot, 85c
Milliman ;;. Oswego & Syracuse R. R.,
1288
Millington v. Loring, 639
Millington v. O'DeU, 908
MiUirons v. Dillon, 777
Millisack v. Moore, 301a
Milhhore v. Boston Elevated Ry., 486
Mills V. Allen, 692a
V. Bell, 959
t). Catlin, 976
». East London Union, 999^
». Garrison, 836
V. Geer, 912, 915, 917
V. Hall, 35
V. Hass, 310
V. Jefferson, 346
V. Joiner, 6736
V. Larrance, 1327
V. Mills, 301c
V. Paul, 643
V. Place, 3406
V. St. Clair County Comrs., 1173
V. Saunders, 339a, 968, 979
V. Spencer, 451
V. Taylor, 361
V. Wibnington City Ry., 1309
Millspaugh V. Potter, 480a
Milltown L. Co. v. Carter, 502
Milne v. Rempublicam, 304
Milner & Kettig Co. v. DeLeach Mill.
Mfg. Co., 492a
Milsom V. Hajrward, 285
Miltimore ». Bottom, 689, 689a
Miltpn V. Blackshear, 308
V. Rowland, 762
Milwaukee & Mississippi R. R. v. Eble,
The, 1291
V. Finney, 379
Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. v. Arms, 30,
360, 368, 429
Milwaukee County v. Ehlers, 692c
Mims V. McDowell, 797
Minard v. Beans, 282, 1012a
Minds V. Pennsylvania R. R., 843a
Mine & Smelter Supply Co. v. Parke &
Lacy Co., 47 C. C. A. 34; 308
2958
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Mine & Smelter Supply Co. v. Parke &
Lacy Co., 107 Fed. 881; 310
Mine Hill & S. H. Railroad v. Lippiri-
cott, 620
Mine Supply Co. v. Columbia Min. Co.,
165
Mineola, The, 1348
Miner v. Blume, 742
V. Tagert, 623, 817
Mineralized Rubber Co. v. Cleburne,
537
Minesinger v. Kerr, 448c
Minick v. Troy, 486
Mining Co. v. Hertin, 499
Minkwitz v. Steen, 537
Minneapolis & S. L., etc., Ry. v. Beck-
with, 377a
Minneapolis Baseball Co. i>. City Bank,
999/
Minneapolis Harvester Works ». Bon-
nallie, 3146, 762
Minneapolis S. P. R. & D. E. T. Co. v.
Friendshuh, 11716
V. Harkins, 1149
Minneapolis T. M. Co. v. McDonald,
753
V. Regier, 458
Minnesota Cent. R. R. v. McNamara,
1148
Minnesota H. W. v. Bonnallie, 762
Minnesota M. L. I. Co. v. Link 12866
Minnesota V. R. R. v. Doran, 1148
1165
Minnie, The, 589
Minor v. Beveridge, 512, 828
V. Mead, 692j
V. The Picayune, 592, 593
V. Steamboat Picayune, No. 2, 175
Minot V. Doherty, 1255
Minter v. Bradstreet Co., 364
V. Pennsylvania, 873
Minton v. N. Y. E. R. R., 1194
Minturn v. Columbian Ins. Co., 712
Mischke v. Baughn, 961, 975
Mississippi & R. R. B. C6. v. Patterson,
253, 1171o, 1171e, 1178
V. Prince, 136, 164, 199
Mississippi & T. R. R. v. Gill, 864
Mississippi C. 0. Co. v. Smith, 581
Mississippi C. R. R. v. Kennedy, 850
Mississippi C. R. R. v. Magee, 91
Mississippi Cotton Oil Co. d. Smith, 581
Mississippi Mills v. Meyer, 60, 493a
Mississippi Mills Co. v. Smith, 947
Mississippi M. I. Co. v. Ingram, 720
Mississippi R. B. Co. v. Ring, 1140
Mississippi R. L. Co. v. Page, 934
Mississippi R. R. v. McDonald, 1148
Mississippi & T. R. R. v. Gill, 361
Missouri & I. C. Co. v. Consolidated
C. Co., 762
Missouri Edison Electric Co. v. M. J.
Steinberg Hat & Fur Co., 423
Missouri Furnace Co. v. Cochran, 636/,
734, 737, 741
Missouri, K. & N. W. R. R. v. Schmuck,
1154
Missouri, K. & T. Ry. v. Allen, 87 S.
W. 168; 852
V. Allen, 53 Tex. Civ. App. 433;
1363
V. Bailey, 1354
V. Ball, 47, 1342
V. Belcher, 159
V. Briscoe, 1348
V. Brown, 1270o, 1357
V. Byas, 864
V. Calkins, 1123
V. Chambers, 1354
V. Carpenter, 854
t). Chilton, 942
V. Cook, 8 Tex. Civ. App. 376;
1270a
V. Cook, 12 Tex. Civ. App. 203;
1364
V. Couch, 937
V. Crews, 251
1). Dalton, 1360
V. Dement, 251a
V. Dunbar, 1354
V. Edling, 1270o
V. Elliott, 685i
V. Farris, 1354, 1360
V. Flood, 70 S. W. 331; 214a
V. Flood, 79 S. W. 1106; 67o
V. Fort Scott, 194, 606a, 619, 629
V. Fowler, 171o
V. Fry, 854
V. Gaines, 1342
V. Gilbert, 937
TABLE
OF CASES ^yoy
[References
are to sections]
Missouri K. & T. Ry. v.
Goode, 937o
Missouri K & T. Ry. v. Stone, 1363
V. Graham, 95, 932
V. Thomas, 1350
V. Grofeeclose, 459
V. Tolbert, 932, 942
V. Hagan, 226o
V. Truskett, 2 Ind. Terr. 633; 318
V. Haines, 1149
V. Truskett, 104 Fed. 728; 854
V. Harriman, 844
V. Vandiver, 856a
V. Harris, 138 S. W.
1085
; 852
V. Wall, 1367
V. Harris, 101 S. W.
506;
1356
V. Wasson Bros., 246
V. Hauer, 1357
V. Weaver, 41, 47, 180, 226/, 481,
V. Hawley, 1354
485, 1326
V. Hay, 1350
V. Webb, 854
V. Hennesey, 226j
V. WilUams, 1367
V. Hines, 581
V. Willis, 226i
V. Hopkins, 854
V. Witherspoon, 38 S. W. 833; 842
V. Holman, 67
V. Witherspoon, 45 S. W. 424; 842
V. Hopson, 924
V. Woods, 844
V. Huff, 1359
V. Zweiner, 1307
V. Johnson, 1348
Missouri, K. & T. T. Co. v. Clark, 313
V. Kirkland, 1357
Missouri Pacific R. R. v. Fox, 335
V. Kyser, 852
V. Peru- Van Zandt Implement Co.,
«. Lasater, 1303
850
V. T,inton, 109 S. W. 942; 171a,
V. Richmond, 380
1261
t). Scammon, 856
V. Linton, 126 S. W.
678;
47
V. Wemwag, 1151
V. T,inton, 141 S. W.
129;
1307
Missouri Pac. Ry. v. Aiken, 1350
V. Lycan, 933
V. Behee, 1335
V. McDowell, 932
V. Dwyer, 1330
V. McDuffey, 1367
V. Groesbeck, 872, 873a
V. McGlamory, 1306
I). Haynes, 191
«. McLaughlin, 1367
V. Hays, 1164
V. Malone, 110 S. W
\958
1; 1348
V. Henry, 1367
V. Malone, 126 S. Yi
.936
i; 942
V. Houseman, 924
V. Mitchell, 1342
V. Humes, 360
V. Moore, 852
V. Kaiser, 82, 865
V. Morgan, 865
V. Lee, 576
V. Pfluger, 937a
V. Lehmberg, 1367
V. Parker, 1359
V. Mackey, 1356
V. Perry, 1154c
V. Martino, 486
V. Price, 1356
V. Peay, 1334
V. Rains, 67a
V. Porter, 1171
V. Raney, 127a
V. Russell, 854
V. Redus, 1356
V. Shuford, 368
V. Rich, 852
V. Texas Pacific Ry., 1347
V. Riverhead Farm,
937
Missouri River, F. S. & G. R. R. v.
V. Rodgers, 1354
Owen, 1148
V. Roe, 253
Missouri R. P. Co. v. Hannibal & St.
V. Rogers, 4Sh
J. R. R., 435a, 438
V. St. Clair, 485a
Missouri R. R. v. Haines, 1149
V. Smith, 865
Missouri V. B. & I, Co. v. Ballard,
V. Steinberger, 933
1306
2960
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Missouri Valley L. Ins. Co. ». Kelso,
106, 730
Mitchell V. Baker, 752
V. Barry, 99, 101
V. Billingsley, 363o, 930, 933
V. Broadway & S. A. Ry., 1348,
1355
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 181
V. Clarke, 168
V. Corbin, 565a
«. Cornell, 194, 958
V. Darley Main Colliery Co., 93a,
925
V. Davies, 459
V. Denbo, 684
V. Freedley, 913
V. Gile, 611
V. Harmony, 334
V. Hawley, 237, 685fc
V. Hazen, 966, 981
ti. Kelsey, 324
V. Laurens, 692
V. Libby, 1348
V. Metropolitan Railroad, 1208
V. Metropolitan El. Ry., 1206
V. Milbank, 1279
V. New York C. R. R., 1367
V. Pinckney, 769
V. Printup, 4946
». Railroad, 1140
V. Robinson, 372, 1328
t). Rochester Ry., 43d, i3h
V. Rome, 1177
V. Rowley, 762
V. St. Paul G. F. I. Co., 722
V. Shuert, 107d, 819
V. Stanley, 970
V. Stetson, 565
V. Tacoma R. & M. Co., 1354, 1358
V. Thornton, 1148
V. Toale, 667
V. United Rys., 1342
V. Waring, 279c
V. Weir, 854
V. Woods, 70
Mitchiner v. Western U. T. Co., 895
Mix V. Kepner, 533
V. Lafayette, B. & M. R. R., 1149,
1165
. Miller, d08a
Mix V. Singleton, 688a
V. Woodward, 446
Mixed Moneys, Case of, 267
Mixon V. Miles, 1256A
Mize V. Glenn, 107d
V. Rocky Mountain Bell Tel. Co.,
S78
Mizell V. McDonald, 1275
Mizner v. Frazier, 200
Moak V. Johnson, 959, 985
Moberly v. Alexander, 1027
V. Preston, 448d
Mobila, The, 595
Mobile & M. R. R. v. Ashcraft, 368
V. Jurey, 317, 322, 849
V. Gilmer, 620, 630
Mobile & O. R. R. v. George, 485
V. Hester, 1133, 1166
V. Seales, 380
V. Watly, 573o
Mobile E. L. Co. v. Rust, 537
Mobile F. C. Co. v. Little, 683
Mobile, J. & K. C. R. R. v. Hicks,
1367
V. Kranfield, 1342
V. Riley, 1149
Mobley v. Davega, 330
V. Lott, 1007
Mobray v. Leckie, 334
Mocerf v. Stirman, 682
Modern Steel Structural Co. ». Van
Buren County, 647o
Modem Woodman Aco. Assoc, v.
Shryock, 732
Modisett v. McPike, 480a
Moe V. Chesrown, 96
Moellering v. Evans, 925, 939
Moellman v. Gieze-Henselmeier Lum-
ber Co., 1270
Moers v. Bolton, 344
V. Dietz, 734
Moffat V. Fisher, 944
Moffatt V. Davitt, 753
V. Tenney, 684
Moffatt C. Co. V. Union P. Ry., 119
Moffet V. Sackett, 1330
Moffit V. Cavanagh, 1224
Moffit-West Drug Co. v. Byrd, 742
Moffitt V. Hereford, 257
Moggridge V. Jones, 1053
TABLE
[References
Mohhard v. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry.,
932
Mohawk, The, 841
Mohr V. Parmelee, 970
V. WetheriU, 1349
Mohr Hardware Co. v. Dubey, 753
Molby V. Johnson, 1042
Moline W. P. & M. Co. v. Nichols, 671
MoUie Gibson C. M. & M. Co. v. Sharp,
576
Molway v. Chicago, 1355
Momence Stone Co. v. Groves, 1356
Monckton v. Pashley, 924, 931
Mondamin M. Dairy Co. v. Brudi,
416
Mondel v. Steel, 1038, 1072, 1073
Mondon v. Western U. T. Co., 888
Monell V. Bums, 668
V. Holden, 1027
V. Northern Cent. R. R., 848
Monitor & Hill, The, 588
Monk V. Cooper, 999c
Monmouth Park Ass'n v. Wallis Iron
Works, 419
V. Warren, 413
Monnet v. Merz, 834
Monnett v. Sturges, 326
Monnier v. New York Cent. & H. R. R.,
1342
Monongahela Bridge Co. v. Kirk, 1112
Monongahela Navigation Co. «. Coons,
1120
V. U. S., 1173
Monongahela R. C. C. & C. Co. v.
Kramer, 1363
Monongahela Water Co., In re, 252
Monroe v. Connecticut River Lumber
Co., 226ff
V. Gates, 926
V. Lattin, 195
V. Southern M. I. Co., 725
Monroe County v. Clarke, Slid
Monroe, In re, 243c
Monson & B. M. Co. v. Fuller, 940
Montague v. Hanson, 1354
Montana Mining Co. v. St. Louis, M. &
N. Co., 170o, 317
V. St. Louis M. & M. Co., 685
Montana Postal Tel. Cable Co. v.
Oregon Short Lme R. R., 1149
186
OP CASES 2961
are to sections]
Montana Ry. v. Warren, 137 U. S. 348;
1295
V. Warren, 6 Mont. 275; 253
Montclair Ry. v. Benson, 1295
Montefiori v. Montefiori, 439?
Monteith v. Merchants' D. & T. Co.,
854
V. Merchants' Despatch Co., 853
V. Parker, 337
Monteleone v. Royal Ins. Co., 723o
Montelius v. Atherton, 734, 1290
Montgomery v. Bousher, 325
ti. Buckskin Breeches Co., 1286&
V. Gilbert, 685/
V. Glasscock, 1268
V. Knox, 451
V. Lansing C. E. Ry., 1270o
V. Locke, 933
V. Maddox, 1122, 1133, 1149
V. Northern Pac. R. R., 965, 973
V. Reed, 966
e. Shirley, 1353
V. Somers, 1293
V. Townsend, 80 Ala. 489; 1133
V. Townsend, 84 Ala. 478; 1122
V. Tutt, 345
V. The T. P. Leathers, 599c
V. Wilson, 60
Montgomery & E. Ry. v. Mallette, 67,
1216
Montgomery & W. P. R. R. v. Vamer,
1293
Montgomery Branch Bank v. Harrison,
325
Montgomerie's Brewery Co. v. Blyth,
497
Montgomery, City Council of, v. Town-
send, 1164
Montgomery Co. v. Schuylkill Bridge
Co., 1163, 1173
V. William A. C. Co., 59
Montgomery C. U. A. Soc. ». Harwood,
183, 632, 999
Montgomery Tr. Co. v. Bozeman, 1366,
1362
Monticello, The, 1 Lowell, 184; 587
Monticello, The, 15 Fed. 474; 587
V. Mollison, 590, 591
Montignani v. E. V. Crandall Co.,
1298 /
2962 TABLE
[Refferences
Montmorency Gravel Road Co, v.
Stockton, 1165
Montmorency Road v. Rock, 1167
Montour R. R. v. Stott, 1167
Montriou v. Jeffreys, 1038
Moody V. Baker, 443
V. Camden, 1329
V. Caulk, 516
V. Drown, 261
V. Leverich, 665
• V. McDonald, 368
V. Osgood, 486
V. Philadelphia & R. R. R., 346
V. State, 692
V. Whitney, 317, 502
Alooers v. Gooderham, 760
Moon V. Raphael, 55, 506
V. Story, 684
Mooney v. New York El. R. R., 1203
IK R. R., 1205c
V. York Iron Co., 650
Moore v. Adam, 126o
V. Anderson, 406, 408
V. Atlantic C. L. R. R., 152
V. Atlanta, aty of, 1187
V. Baird, 695
!). Baylies, 943
V. Bowman, 564
V. Burbhfield, 1326
V. Cable, 909a
V. Calvert, 307
V. Carter, 657
V. Central Foundry Co., 666
V. Central R. R., 485a
V. Clay, 449
V. Colt, 418
v. Crose, 363, 364, 365
V. Cummings, 368
1'. Davidson, 324a
V. Davis, 134
V. Drinkwater, 990a
V. Duke, 382, 927
v. Dumam, 414
V. Felkel, 3116
II. Fleming, 276
V. Frankenfield, 959, 961
V. Fuller, 339
V. Gooch, 278
b. Graham, 937
i). Hall, 253, 944
OF CASES
are to sections]
Moore v. Harnsberger, 278
V. Harton, 676, 685g
V. Harvey, 999e
V. Hopkins, 637o
V. Hylton, 411
V. Kalamazoo, 219, 485(i
V. Keokuk & W. R. R., 1367
tJ. Kepner, 536
V. King, 766
V. King, 57 Hun, 224; 766
V. King, 4 Tex. Civ. App. 397;
493a, 506a
V. Lancaster, 1154c
V. Lassiter, 681a
V. Logan, 753
V. Love, 91
V. Lowrey, 684a
V. McKie, 964
t'. Mauk, 448c
V. Minerva, 180
V. Moore, 553
t). New York El. R. R., 126 N. Y.
671; 319
V. New York El. R. R., 130 N. Y.
623, 529; 1191
V. N. Y. El. R. R., 15 Daly, 510;
1205
V. New York El. R. R., 23 N. Y.
Supp. 863; 101, 109, 11986
V. Patton, 308a, 310, 314a
V. Platte County, 413
V. Potter, 755
V. PuUen, 301c, 334
V. Republic, 1258
V. Richardson, 654
V. Ryder, 695
V. Schultz, 127a, 182, 317, 363a,
364, 366, 565c
V. Shaw, 531a
V. Smith, 931, 932, 1261, 1263
V. Sturm, 1345
V. Sun Printing & P. Co., 420o
V. U. S., 615
V. United States F. & G. Co., 682
V. Vail, 956
V. Voughton, 288
K. W. R. Pickering Lumber Co.,
1348
V. Wabash R. R., 1348
v. Williams, 10l2o
TABLE OF CASES
2963
[References
Moore v. Winter, 86c
Moore Fumittire Co. v. Sloane, 762
Moorehead v. Davis, 774
Moorer v. Andrews, 6856, 685(i
Mooris V. Petero, 959, 964, 982, 983
Moors V. Washburn, 303
Moran v. Dover, S. & R. S. Ry., 171a
V. Hagerman, 334
V. Helling, 570b
V. McSwegan, 655&
V. Ross, 1135
Moran, The, 687
Morange v. Edwards, 684
Morawetz v. McGovem, 302
Morbeck v. State, 692/
Mordecai v. Fireman's Ins. Co., 711
Mordente v. New York Cab Co., 1353
More V. Deyoe, 1295
V. Huntington, 490
Morehead v. Ander.son, 834a
Morehouse v. Baker, 1042
V. Coinstock, 1060
V. Mathews, 1293
Moreland v. Lawrence, 325
V. Metz, 988
Morenus v. Crawford, 1250, 1251
Morey v. King, 613
V. Metropolitan G. L. Co., 183
V. Morning Journal Assoc, 445
Morford v. Ambrose, 295, 657
V. Mastin, 656
V. Woodworth, 930
Morgan v. BamhiU, 387
V. Bell, 3 Wash. 554; 1006, 1010
V. Bell, 4 Mart. 615; 312
V. Bowers, 92
V. C. Hager & Sons H. M. Co., 1348
V. Curley, 47, 461, 462
V. Duffy, 1337
V. Fremont County, 1355
V. Gambol, 644
V. Gregg, 509
V. Hardy, 999h, 99&i
V. Hefler, 615
V. Jones, 288
V. Kidder, 53
V. Kiser, 695c
V. Lexington Herald Co., 450, 451,
453
V. Negley, 685d, 685/ '
are to sections]
Morgan v. Powell, 501, 935
V. Reintzel, 705
V. Reynolds, 537
V. Richardson, 1036
V. Ross, 1328
V. Ryerson, 760
V. Smith, 970
V. Southern Pac. Co., 573a, 578,
1367
V. Stearns, 1007
V. United States, 934
V. Valentine, 301c
V. Varick, 911, 914
V. Waters, 73
Morgan and London & N. W. Ry., In
re, 1105
Morgan & Wright v. Sutlive Bros., 163
Morgan's Appeal, 1175
Mori arty v. Porter, 126ffi
Morin V. St. Paul, M. & M. Ry., 1162
Moritz V. St. Paul, 1154a
Morley v. Attenborough, 774
Morning Journal Assoc, v. Rutherford,
377
Morning Light, The, 587
Morrell v. Irving F. Ins. Co., 635, 723
V. Long Island R. R., 618
V. Prieskel, 1294
Morrill v. Daniel, 689a
V. Minneapolis St. Ry., 222
V. Weeks, 310
Morris v. Allen, 310a
V. Barker, 445, 451
V. Barrett, 611
V. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R., 481, 485
V. Cobum, 533, 539
V. Cohn, 753
V. Coleman County, 28 S. W. 380;
1143, 1151, 1164, 1165b, 1167
V. Coleman Co., 35 S. W. 29; 331o
V. Cooper, 692fc
V. Courtney, 1028
V. Duane, 44Sd
V. Duncan, 362
V. Eighth Ave. R. R., 1354, 1356
V. Grand Ave. Ry., 67
V. Ham, 979
V. Hoyt, 345
V. Kettle, 999c
V. Lachman, 447
2964
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Morris V. Lackawanna & W. V. R. R.,
V. McCoy, 411, 413
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1367
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 947
V. New York, O. & W. Ry., 1363
V. Oregon S. L. R. R., 1149
V. Phelps, 975, 977
V. Price, 237
V. Redfield, 674
V. Rowan, 959, 982
V. St. Paul City Ry., 44, 1347
V. Shew, 373o
V. Summeri, 623, 817
V. Supplee, 741
V. Tillson, 411
V. Tinker, 908
V. Wallace, 311c
V. Western U. T. Co., 881
V. Wilbaux, 755
V. Wilford, 564
V. Williford, 565
V. Wilson, 419
V. Winchester R. A. Co., 1270
Morris & E. M. C. Co. v. Delaware, L.
& W. R. R., 101, 1149
Morris & Essex R. R. v. State,
1112
Morris Bldg. Assoc. No. 2 v. Altmaier,
692/
Morris Mining Co. v. Knox, 667
Morrison v. American T. & T. Co., 924a,
933
V. Berkey, 799
V. Crawford, 60, 681
V. Cummings, 657, 661
V. Darling, 132, 240, 1019
V. Davis, 119, 1196, UQd
V. Florio S. S. Co., 66, 852
V. I. & V. Florio S. S. Co., 852
V. European & N. A. Ry., 850
V. Jewell, 973
V. Kansas City, S. J. & C. B. Ry.,
155
V. Lawrence, 40
V. Long Island R. R., 485
V. Lovejoy, 613, 1031
V. McAtee, 90, 633a
I). Northern Pac. Ry., 1364
V. Press Co., 366
Morrison v. Press Pub. Co., 364
V. Richardson, 419
V. Robinson, 903, 908, 910, 915
V. Underwood, 966, 977, 979
Morrissey v. Westchester Electric Ry.,
1371
Morrow v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 165
V. Rainey, 269
V. St. Louis, A. & T. Ry., 1143
V. Waterous, 98
V. Wheeler & W. Mfg. Co., 457
Morse v. Arnfield, 618, 646
». Auburn & S. Ry., 41, 481
V. Brackett, 762
V. Buffalo Ins. Co., 12866
V. Chesapeake & 0. Ry., 43/
V. Chicago, B. & Q. Ry., 937, 937a
V. Duncan, 45, 862
V. EUerbe, 3146
V. Hutchins, 777
V. Moore, 1060
V. Pesant, 857
V. Potter, 655/
V. Rathbum, 411, 417
t). Rice, 324a
V. Shattuck, 964
V. Sherman, 750
V. Times Republican Printing Co.,
448(i
Mors-le-Blanch v. Wilson, 240
Morss V. Elmendorf, 1021
V. Union Form Co., 1243
Mortimer v. Brunner, 999c
V. Mardem, 251
V. Manhattan R. R., 1201
V. Thomas, 466, 1330
Mortin v. Shoppee, 42
Mortland v. Smith, 555
Morton v. Burlington, 1148, 1165Z
V. Harrison, 633d, 656, 657
V. Hart, 836
V. McDowell, 499
V. Preston, 257
V. Pusey, 1347
V. Scull, 777
V. Western U. T. Co., 894
Mortonville Coal Co. v. Sisk, 667
Mosby V. Larue, 762
Moseley v. Anderson, 251a
V. Hunter, 968, 969, 973, 979.
TABLE OP CASES
[References are to sections]
2965
Moseley v. Jamison, 1371
V. Sanders, 234
Moses V. Autuono, 425, 984
V. Bierling, 834a
V. Sanford, 1173
V. Stevens, 663, 673a
V. Wallace, 1016
Mosher v. Hotchkiss, 803
V. Joyce, 1232o
Moshier v. Shear, 294
Moskovitz V. Lighte, 1367
Hosier Safe Co. v. Maiden Lane S. D.
Co., 419, 425
Moss V. Exchange Bank, 881
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1342
V. Pardridge, 202
V. St. Louis, etc., R. R., 1152
V. Smith, 717
V. Tompkins, 193
V. Wood, 678
Mosseller v. Deaver, 373
Mote V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 317
Mott V. Baxter, 672
V. Chew, 151
V. Hicks, 803
V. Hopper, 70
V. Hudson R. R. R., 170
V. Lewis, 1110
V. Mott, 418
V. Palmer, 975
V. Penoyar, 636^
Moudy V. St. Louis D. B. & P. Co.,
1347
Mould V. The New York, 587
Moulding v. Wilhartz, 680, 692c, 692e
Moulton V. Chapin, 106
V. McOwen, 657
I/. Newburyport Water Co., 1171e
V. Richardson, 685o
V. St. Paul, M. & M. Ry., 851
V. Sanford, 124
V. Scruton, 762
V. Water Co., 1149, 1162
Mounson v. Redshaw, 301
Mount V. Chapman, 334
Mt. Adams & E. P. I. Ry. v. Isaacs,
485o
Mt. Sterling v. Crummy, 2216
Mt. Washington Road Co., Petition of,
1148
Mountain v. Day, 1030
V. Fisher, 673a
Mountford v. Gibson, 61, 1044
Mountjoy v. Metzger, 636d
Mousler v. Harding, 449
Mowbray v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
1354
V. Merryweather, 164a
Mowry v. Bishop, 343, 345
V. Home L. Ins. Co., 729
V. Raabe, 1335
V. Western Union Telegraph Co.,
882
V. Whitney, 323, 1230, 1231, 1232a,
1234, 1236, 1237, 1243, 1244
V. Wood, 262
Moyer v. Cantieny, 834^
V. Fletcher, iUd
V. Gordon, 44, 44a, 47, 50, 126b,
364, 365, 367, 383, 386, 929a,
988a
V. Moyer, 451
V. N. Y. & C. H. R. R. R., 1182
Moynahan v. Prentiss, 4926
Moyse v. Northern Pac. Ry., 485
Moyses v. Schendorf, 414
Mudd V. Phillips, 635, 734
V. Stille, 3406
Mueller v. Chicago, B. & N. R. R.,
1342
V. Bethesda M. S. Co., 193a, 633
V. Kleine, 407, 419
V. Kuhn, 483, 484, 486
V. St. Louis & I. M. R. R., 924a,
939
Muenchow v. Roberts, 613, 1006, 1012
Muenster v. Fields, 494c
Muhlig V. Fiske, 107d, 972
Mulcahey v. Givens, 1255
Mulcaims v. Janesville, 580, 581
Muldoon V. Rickey, 565(J
Muldowney v. Illinois C. Ry., 41, 47,
226/, 481, 5706, 860
Muldrow V. Agnew, 704
V. Norris, 185
Mulford V. Clewell, 1249, 1255, 1256
V. Metropolitan El. R. R., 1201
Mulhado v. Brooklyn City R. R., 1309
MuUahy v. Dingman, 308a
MuUally v. Townsend, 684
2966
TABLE OF CASE£5
[References are to sections]
MuUaly v. Austin, 636ff
Mullen V. Cook, 1006, 1010
MuUenary v. Burton, 308a
MuUer v. Barker, 1331
V. Eno, 761, 762
V. Fern, 685e
V. Gillick, 660, 662
V. Ooala F. & M. Works, 155
V. Ry., 1135
V. Southern Pacific Branch R. R.,
1151
Mullett V. Challis, 557
V. Mason, 125, 769
Mulligan v. Smith, 302a
Mulliken v. State, 6926
Mullin V. Spangenberg, 385, 490
Mulliner v. Florence, 493
Mulvane v. Tullock, 685y
Mulverhill v. Thompson, 941
Mulvey v. King, 1052
Muncie N. G. Co. v. Allison, 1110
Mimcie Pulp Co. v. Martin, 948
Munday v. Landry, 487a
Mundy v. Culver, 416
Munford v. Rice, 692(i
Munger v. Jacobson, 301o
Munier v. Zachary, 999J;
Munkwitz v. Chicago, etc., R. R., 1161
Munn V. Commission Co., 704
Munnerlyn v. Alexander, 682
Munro v. Butt, 656
V. Pacific C. D. & R. R., 573a, 575,
578
Munroe v. Allaire, 676
V. Armstrong, 506a
V. Gates, 99
V. Stickney, 99, 940
Munsie v. Lindsay, 304
Munson v. James Smith W. M. Co., 742
V. McGregor, 1007
V. Munson, 53
V. Plummer, 311e
V. Straits of Dover I. S. Co., 599o
V. Straits of Dover S. S. Co., 629
Munson, Matter of, 1160
Munster v. Fields, 565a
Munter v. Bande, 382
V. Rogers, 270
Murdock v. Boston & Albany R. R., 42,
150, 868, 871
Murdock v. Jones, 163
V. New York & B. D. E. Co., 485a
V. Phillips Academy, 665
V. Walker, 126e
Murphy v. American C. I. Co., 722a
V. Andrews, 301
V. Booth, 349
V. Central Park, N. & E. R. R.,
379, 380
V. Century Bldg. Co., 988a
V. Chicago, 1108
V. Curran, 1255
V. Fond du Lac, 63, 101, 107d, 923
V. Hobbs, 7 Colo. 541; 358, 386
V. Hobbs, 8 Colo. 17; 55
V. Hughes, 484, 485
V. Larson, 3836
V. Lucaa, 695
V. McGrath, 487a
V. Moore, 76
V. New York City Ry., 2436
». New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
573
V. N. Y. & N. H. R. R., 29 Conn.
277; 379
V. N. Y. & N. H. R. R., 30 Conn.
184; 5706
V. Omaha, 302
V. Price, 956, 959
V. Richardson, 973
V. St. Louis, 734
V. Sherman, 493
V. Ship Suliote, 599c
V. SommervUle, 686
V. South St. Paul, 1360
V. Southern Pac. Co., 1216, 2216,
860
V. Stout, 447
V. Troutman, 554
V. U. S. F. & G. Co., 419
Murray v. Mtna. Ins. Co., 841
V. Aiken Min. etc., Co., 678, 694
V. Buell, 1326, 1330, 1334
V. Burling, 55
V. Brooklyn City Ry., 1356
V. Carlin, 1046
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 1357
V. Doud, 753
V. Galbraith, 448a
V. Gale, 270
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2967
Murray v. Gouvemeur, 915, 916
V. Great Western Co., 711
V. Hudson River R. R., 1330, 1325,
1357
V. Interurban St. Ry., 485o
V. Jennings, 30, 762
V. Judah, 695
V. Mace, 1266, 564
V. Missouri Pac. R. R., 171a
V. Pannaci, 107a, 226c, 363, 939
V. Pate, 492
V. Postal T. C. Co., 873/
V. Seattle Electric Co., 1353
V. Stanton, 250, 736
V. U. S., 599c
V. Ware, 314
Murray Co. v. Putnam, 767
Murrell v. Dixey, 854
V. Whiting, 211, 227, 858
Murry v. M'Mackin, 276
V. Meredith, 761, 762, 772
Murtaugh v. New York C. & H. R.
R. R., 1357
Musanti v. State, 1168
Muse V. Swayne, 418
Muser v. Holland, 851
Musgrave v. Breokendorff, 514, 745
MuBselman v. Barker, 637, 639, 639a
Mussen v. Price, 756
Muth V. Frost, 209
Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Allen, 259
V. Hargus, 378, 380o
V. Heiss, 1151
Mutual R. F. L. Assoc, v. Ferrenbaeb,
730
Mutual Safety Ins. Co. v. Cohen, 710
V. The George, 717
Muzzy V. Shattick, 692/
Myer v. Davies, 1266
V. Hart, 407, 416
V. Wheeler, 5166
Myerle v. United States, 614
Myers v. Baptist Society, 669
V. Bolton, 304
V. Burns, 155, 209, 2261, 991
V. Charlotte, 1294
V. Crockett, 934^
V. Estell, 1053
V. Fear, 1056
V. Malcolm, 35
Myers p. Munson, 970, 983
V. Ralstpp, 413
V. San Fraiicjaep, 3806, 584
V. Smith, 774
V. South B.ethlejjem, 1160
V. Turner, 1027a
V. Walker, 305
». York 4c C. R. R., 614
Myers R. S. Co. t>. Gripwold, 674
Myers, In re, 3116, 3Uc
Mygatt V. Wilcox, 314
Mynning v. Detroit, Jj. & N. R. R.,
S73a
N
N. K. Fairbank Co. v. Jilicolaj, ^47
N. N. & N. V. Pp. V. Walter, ^357
Nading p. Deni^on & P. S. Ry., 925
V. Howe, 825
Nafe ti. Hudson, 363a
Nagle V. Cohn, 134^
V. Keller, 378
V. MulUson, 365, 373o, 387
Naglee v. Ingejaol}, 307, 999a
Nailor ti. Kearney, 676
V. Ponder, 445, 451
Nance V. Patterson Buildipg Co., ^60
Nansemofl:d Tiipher Co. v. Rountree,
685a, 6856
Nantz V. Lober, 3406
Napiear v. Brooklyn Hei^tts R. R., 1355
V. Schneider, 7Q0
V. Spielmann, 633
Naptop V- Leaton, 909, 918
Narragansett, The, 196, 580, 592, 593,
596
Naschold V. Westport, 1123
Nash V. Copeland, 873a
V. El Dorado Coijnty, 327
II. Hermosilla, 413
t). Hoxie, 613, 614
V. Larson, 537
V. Minnesota T. I. .<& T. Co., 1027
V. Noble, 60
V. Thousand Islands S. B. Co.,
618
V. Towne, 733a
t). Sharpe, 180
«. Sullivan, 908, 909a, 914
2968
TABLE OP CASES
[References are to sections]
Nashua & Lowell R. R. v. Boston &
Lowell R. R., 340a, 1256J;
Nashua Iron & Steel Co. v. Brush, 156,
762
Nashua Sav. Bank v. Burlington Elec-
tric Lighting Co., 778
Nashville v. Comar, 91
V. Sutherland, 2266, 22&d, 1110
Nashville & C. R. R. v. Chumley, 1042
V. Prince, 5706
V. Smith, 1326
V. Stames, 379, 380
V. Stevens, 673o
Nashville & K. T. Co. v. Harris, 1039
Nashville, C. & S. L. Ry. v. Kaithaus,
935
V. Miller, 67
Nashville v. First Nat. Bank, 346
NashviUe L. I. Co. v. Mathews, 730
Nashville Lumber Co. v. Barefield, 534
Nashville St. Ry. v. Griffin, 363o
Nason Mfg. Co. v. Stephens, 655
Natcher, The, 597a
Natchez C. & M. R. R. v. Lambert, 864a
Natchez Ins. Co. v. Buckner, 729
Natchitoches v. Redmond, 303
Nathan v. Leland, 89
National A. & I. Assoc, v. Best, 789
National Bank v. Green, 695
V. Heard, 334
V. Rush, 494
National Bank of Conmierce v. New
Bedford, 155 Mass. 313; 242,
243, 1171d
V. New Bedford, 175 Mass. 257;
636e
National Bank of 111. v. Baker, 688a
National C. B. S. Co. v. Terre Haute
C. & Mfg. Co., 1231
National Cash Register Co. v. Ague,
533
V. Schmidt, 753
National Casket Co. v. Powar, 368
National Coffee Palace Co., In re, 836
National Coke Co. ». Cincinnati G.
C. C. & M. Co., 770
National Contracting Co. v. Hudson
River W. P. Co., 643
National Copper Co. v. Minn. Mining
Co., 92
National D. & N. J. J. C. Ry. v. Penn-
sylvania R. R., 3406
National Docks Co. v. State, 1152
National Exchange Bank v. Hartford,
P, & F. R. R., 346
V. McLoon, 836
National F. B. & P. Co. v. Elsas, 1220
V. Robertson, 1229
Natural F. O. Co. v. Citizens' Ins. Co.,
724
National Fibre Board Co. v. Lewiston
& A. Electric Light Co., 182
National Handle Co. v. Huffman, 1031
National L. & I. Co. v. Rockland Co.,
673e
National Lancers v. Lovering, 308
National M. B. Assoc, v. Conkling,
692a
National M. E. B. Co. v. Gotham, 774
National Mahaiwe Bank v. Hand, 80
Hun, 584; 623
V. Hand, 89 Hun, 329; 999i
National O. L. Co. v. Armoiu'-Cudahy
Packing Co., 1060
National Provincial Bank of England
V. Marshall, 418, 426
National Sav. Bank v. Ward, 120
National Society of U. S. Daughters of
1812 V. American Surety Co., 685j
National Steamship Co. v. Tugman,
334
National Surety Co. v. Mabry, 1337
V. Townsend B. & C. Co., 648o
National W. & S. Co. v. Toomy, 739
National Waterworks Co. ti. Kansas
City, 1173
Nations v. Cudd, 665
Naugatuck R. R. v. Waterbury Button
Co., 846
Nauman v. Caldwell, 509
Nautilus, The, 587, 589
Navailles v. Dielmann, 1348
Nave V. Berry, 999j
V. Gross, 762
Navone v. Haddon, 710
Naylor v. Parker, 1022
V. Schenck, 1048
Neafie v. Hoboken P. & P. Co., 448a
Neal V. Brockham, 334
V. Freeman, 305, 311a
TABLE OF CASES
2969
[References
Neal V. Keel, 305
V. Pender-Hyman Hardware Co.,
153, 742
V. Taylor, 685fl'
V. Wilmington R. R., 574a
Neale v. Hagthrop, 909a
V. Smith, 618
V. Wyllie, 1000
Nearing v. Hathaway, 440
Nearns v. Harbert, 667
Neary v. Northern Pac. Ry., 1367
Neblett v. MeGraw, 419
Nebraska City v. Campbell, 482o, 485a
V. Northcutt, 70
Nebraska Bridge S. & L. Co. v. Owen
Conway & Sons, 636j
Neeb v. Hope, 364, 387
V. McMillan, 531, 533
Needham v. Grand Trunk Ry., 671e
V. Wellesley, 314
Neel V. Clay, 734, 746
Neese v. Radford, 565c
Neff V. Cameron, 1216
0. Clute, 708
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 932
Neff, In re, 636d
Negley v. Cowell, 932, 936
V. Farrow, 4486
Negus V. Simpson, 317
Negus, In re, 789, 795
Neher v. Hansen, 777
Neil V. Bank, 334
V. Cunningham Store Co., 765
Neil, The, 587
Neiler v. Kelley, 514
Neill V. Neill, 311d
Neilson v. Albert Lea, 685i
V. Chicago, M. & N. W. Ry., 1148,
1293
Neiswanger v. Squier, 998
Nellis V. Cramer, 451
V. Lathrop, 999d
Nelms V. Hill, 436
Nelson v. A. H. Stange Co., 1359
V. Belmont, 717
V. Big Blackfoot Mining Co., 933
V. Blackfoot Milling Co., 932
V. Brandford Lighting, etc., Co.,
1367
V. Bromley, 1352
are to sections]
Nelson v. Cartmel, 302o
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 119
V. Churchill, 933
V. Crawford, 43h
V. Danielson, 1328
V. Felder, 334
V. First Nat. Bank, 706
V. Gray, 692
V. Hatch, 607
V. Hirsch & S. I. R. R., 314
V. Hirschberg, 753
V. Hunter, 1249, 1255
V. Iron, etc., Co., 312
V. J. H. Winchell & Co., 1246c
V. Johnson, 1040
V. King, 261
V. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry., 578,
1367
V. Loder, 3406
V. Mather, 69
V. Matthews, 959, 975
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 171a, 486
V. Morgan, 822
V. Plimpton F. P. E. Co., 842
V. Oregon Ry. & N. Co., 1332
V. Suffolk Ins. Co., 718
V. Wallace, 451
V. West Duluth, 932
V. Western Steam Nav. Co., 226o
Neosho City Water Co. v. Neosho, 293,
337
Nesbit V. Independent Dist., 346
Nesbitt V. Moore, 497c
V. St. Paul L. Co., 934
Nessle v. Reese, 426
Netherland A. S. N. Co. v. Hollander,
486c
Netter v. Louisville Ry., 1368
V. Trenton W. B. Works, 753
Nettles V. South Carolina R. R., 854
Nettleton v. Caryl, 1025
Neu V. McKechnie, 377a, 1254, 1255
Neuer v. MetropoUtan St. Ry., 1342
Nevada Co. v. Hicks, 334, 337
Neves v. Costa, 462, 463
Neville v. Frost, 659
Nevin v. Pullman P. C. Co., 873o
Nevins v. Bay State Steamboat Co.,
873
V. Nevins, 1271
2970
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Nevins v. Rockingham M. F. I. Co.,
302
New Albany R. R. v. O'DaUey, 1115
New Brighton v. Piersol, 1154c
New Britain v. New Britain Tel. Co.,
416a
New Domain O. & C. Co. v. Feeley, 614
New Dunderberg Mining Co. v. Old,
317
New England Furniture & Carpet Co.
V. Bryant, 689
New Eng. Mortg. Security Co. i;.
Vader, 346
New England R. R. v. Carnegie Steel
Co., 340a
New Hampshire Iron Factory Co. v.
Richardson, 664
New Haven & N. R. R. v. Hayden, 240,
607, 629, 1007
New Haven Bank ». Miles, 686
New Haven S. B. Co. v. Mayor of New
York, 136, 226d, 589, 593
V. Vanderbilt, 196
New Holland T. Co. v. Lancaster
County, 677
New Home S. M. Co. v. Seago, 677
New Jersey, The, 592, 594
New Jersey Exp. Co. v. Nichols, 32 N.
J. L. 166; 226/
V. Nichols, 33 N. J. L. 434; 180,
181
New Jersey I. & I. R. R. v. Tutt, 1164,
1166
New Jersey School Furniture Co. v.
Board of Education, 106
New Market Co. v. Embry, 164, 742a
New Milford Water Co. v. Watson,
1166a, 1175
New National Turnpike Co. v. Du-
laney, 237, 685^
New Orleans v. Fisher, 303, 344
V. Gaines, 904, 908, 914, 919
V. Warner, 302, 302o
New Orleans & N. E. R. R. v. Shackel-
ford, 873
New Orleans D. Co. v. De Lizardi, 317
New Orleans F. J. & G. I. R. R. v.
Barton, 1123
New Orleans, J. & G. N. R. R. v. All-
britton, 234
are to sections]
New Orleans, J. & G. N. R. R. v.
Bailey, 380
V. Echols, 213, 607
V. Hurst, 388
V. Moore, 244
V. Moye, 1139o
V. Tyson, 854
New Orleans, M. & T. R. R. v. South.
.& Atl. Tel. Co., 109
New Orleans, O. & G. W. R. R. v.
Lagarde, 1139
N. O., St. L. & C. R. R. V. Burke, 387
New Orleans Pacific Ry. v. Gay, 1139
V. Murrell, 34 La. Ann. 536; 1162
V. Murrell, 36 La. Ann. 344; 1139
New River Company v. Johnson, 1091
New Providence v. McEachron, 69?^
New Street in New York, In re, 1146
New Westminster v. Brighouse, 1110
New York v. Consolidated Gas Co.,
1146
V. Mabie, 1057
V. Pentz, 1292, 1293
V. Ransom, 1215, 1234
V. Sands, 303
V. Second Ave. R. R., 618, 999h
New York, The, 334, 590
New York, Matter of, 190 N. Y. 350;
1146
New York, Matter of, 198 N. Y. 84;
1168
New York, Matter of, 39 App. Div.
589; 1168
New York, Matter of, 54 N. Y. Supp.
1066; 1151
New York & B. Bridge, In re, 1156,
1164
New York & E. R. R. v. Young, 1154a
New York & C. M. S. w. Eraser, 134a
New York & H. R. R. v. Story, 636^
New York & N. H. R. R. v. Ketchum,
673e
New York & T. S. S. Co. v. Weiss,
246
New York & W. P. T. Co. v. Dryburg,
876, 878, 884
_ New York Academy of Music v. Hack-
! ett, 167, 185, 995
New York B. Note Co. v. Hamilton B.
N. E. & P. Co., 312
TABLE OF CASES
2971
[References
New York Cent. & H. R. R. R. v.
HastingB-on-Hudson, 685
V. People, 1151
N. Y. C. & H. R. R., Matter of, 1149,
1171, 1185
New York, C. & St. L. R. R. v. Mush-
brush, 1367
V. Rhodes, 1152a
V. Roe, 574
V. Zumbaugh, 316
New York C. I. Co. v. National Pro-
tection I. Co., 728
New York C. R. R. v. Loekwood, 859
New York D. D. Co. v. M'lntosh, 106
New York El. R. R. v. Fifth Nat. Bk.,
1189, 1210
N. Y. El. R. R., In re, 70 N. Y. 327;
1192
New York El. R. R., Matter of, 76
Hun, 384; 1198b, 1208
New York G. & I. Co. v. Flynn, 533,
538
New York, L. & W. Ry. ». Arnot, 1130,
1154
New York, L. & W. Ry., Matter of, 27
Hun, 116; 1146, 1171
New York, Lackawanna & Western
Railroad, Matter of, 29 Hun, 3; 1199
New York, L. & W. R. R., In re, 49
Hun, 539; 1160a
New York, L. E. & W. R. R. v. Car-
hart, 341
V. Estill, 334, 852
V. Winter, 865
New York Life Co. v. Pope, 622
New York L. Ins. Co. v. Seckel, 678
». Statham, 730
New York, Mail Steamship Co. v. The
Express, 336
New York Metal Ceiling Co. v. City
Homes Imp. Co., 618, 643
New York Nat. Bank v. Mechanics'
Nat. Bank, 302a
New York National Exch. Bank v.
Metropolitan Elevated Ry., 1190
New York, N. H. & H. R. R. v. An-
sonia L. & W. P. Co., 315, 316
V. Bridgeport Traction Co., 1152a
V. New Haven, 1171ai
New York, P. & N. R. R. v. Jones, 942
are to sections]
New York Rubber Co. v. Rothery, 99,.
101, 923
New York Security & T. Co. v. Lip-
man, 685
V. Lombard Investment Co., 340a
N. Y. State Marine Ins. Co. v. Protec-
tion Insurance Co., 728, 805
N. Y. State Monitor Milk Pan Co.
(Limited) v. Remington, 2126
New York Transp. Co. ». Garside,
1270a
New York, W. S. & B. R. R. v. Le
Fevre, 1154
V. Siebreeht, 114«
V. Bell, 101 N. Y. 685; 1164
V. Bell, 28 Hun, 426; 1172
N. Y., W. S. & B. Ry., In re, 29 Hun,
646; 217, 1156, 1185, 1199
N. Y., W. S. & B. R. R., Matter of, 37
Hun, 317; 1174
New Zealand Ins. Co. v. Pammoor S.
Co., 301, 597a
Newark v. Chestnut Hill Land Co., 99
Newark Coal Co. v. Upson, 184, 468
Newark Savings Inst. v. Panhorst, 241,
562
Newberry v. Bennett, 226d, 762
V. Gibson, 535
Newbrough v. Walker, 189, 984
Newburgh v. Galatian, 803
Newbum v. Lucas, 976
Newbury v. Connecticut & P. R. R. R.,
85c
V. Getchel & M. L. & M. Co., 47,
226/, 4866, 1358
V. Great NortJieni Ry., 1363
Newburyport Water Co. v. Newbury-
port, 1173
Newby v. Platte Co., 1128, 1140
Newhall v. Ireson, 99, 101
Newcomb v. Gibson, 808
V. Wallace, W7d, 973
Newcomb-Buchanan Co., v. Baskett
317
Newell V. Griswold, 310
V. Houlton, 331
V. Jones, 288
V. Keith, 308a, 314
V. Lawton, 673d
V. Smith, 316, 317, 854
2972
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
NeweU v. Whitcher, 364, 366, 372, 430
Newgass v. St. Louis, A. & T. Ry., 1110,
1134, 1151, 1164, 1175
Newlan v. Shafer, 294
Newman v. Auling, 301c
V. Covenant Mutiial Benefit As-
sociation, 732
V. Covenant M. I. Co., 732
V. Goza, 700
V. Kane, 493
V. Keffer, 307
V. McGregor, 657
V. Metcalf, 692e
V. Metropolitan Elevated Ry.,
1189, 1198
V. Munk, 258
V. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R., 464
V. Newman, 304
V. St. L. & I. M. R. R., 365, 373
V. Stein, 47, 360, 443, 449
V. Wolfson, 416, 418
Newman, The, 592
Newman Case, 1198a
Newport N. & M. V. R. R. v. Griffin,
1341
V. Mercer, 854
Newport Wharf Co. v. Drew, 341
Newsom v. Harris, 1012
Newsome v. Western U. T. Co., 889
Newson v. Douglass, 301
Newton v. Armstrong, 1169
V. Devlin, 618
V. Kennerly, 325
V. LockUn, 1328
V. Round, 689a
V. Russell, 87 N. Y. 527; 685A:
V. Russell, 24 Hun, 40; 237
V. Wilson, 999d
Newton, Appeal of, 1160a
Newtown Creek Bridge in City of New
York, In re, 12055
Newville Road Case, 1155
Neys V. Taylor, 1337
Niagara, The, 596a
Niagara P. I. Co. v. Heflin, 722
V. Scammon, 726
Niagara F. P. Co. v. Lee, 214, 681,
794
Nibbe v. Brauhn, 656
Niblack v. Park Nat. Bank, 302a
Niblo V. Binsse, 656c
V. North American F. I. Co., 725
Niblock V. Ann Harbor R. R., 1357
Nichol V. Alexander, 977
Nicholds V. Crystal Plate Glass Co.,
1348
NichoU V. Freeman, 1012
NichoUs V. American S. & W. Co., 742
V. Mapes, 506a
Nichols V. Bridgeport, 1128, 1148
V. Coleman, 316
V. Duluth, 1110
V. Freeman, 1007, 1015
V. Haines, 410
V. MacLean, 688a
li. Marsland, 33
V. Nichols, 1338
V. Oregon S. L. R. R., 47
V. Richmond, 35
V. Scranton Steel Co., 636d
V. Superior, 656
V. Tremlett, 1049, 1066
V. Union Pac. Ry., 316
V. Walter, 966
V. Winfrey, 578
Nichols & Shepard Co. v. Paulson, 535
Nicholson v. Merritt, 364
V. N. Y. & N. H. R. R., 1148, 1368
V. Patchin, 664
V. Rogers, 387
V. Rust, 448a
Nicholson C. M. Co. v. Moulden, 1354,
1355
Nickels v. Maine F. & L. Ins. Co., 715
Nickerson v. Bigelow, 1367
V. Easton, 673a
V. Soesman, 274
V. Wadley, 363a
Nickey v. Zonker, 1331
Nicklase v. Morrison, 934
Nickley v. Thomas, 1291
Nickol V. Ashton, 636/
Nicks V. Chicago, etc., R. R., 1112a,
1148
Nicolet V. New Orleans Ins. Co., 312,
720
Niemetz v. St. Louis, A. & M. Assoc,
107a
NiendorfE v. Manhattan Ry., 1342,
1352
TABLE OF CASES
2973
[References
Nierenberg v. Wood, 36o
Nightingale v. Chafee, 1031
V. Scannell, 55, 365, 381, 565c
Nikkei v. Conaway, 1021o
Niles t). Board of Com'rs, 343, 345
V. Edwards, 517
V. Iroquois Realty Co., 999A
Nilson V. Jonesboro, 416
V. Morse, 608, 614
Nimick v. Holmes, 717
Nimocks v. Welles, 685to
Nininger v. Banning, 493a
Ninth Ave., Matter of, 1158
Nirsing v. Smith, 1345
Nisbet V. Lawson, 31 le
Nith, The, 844
Nitz V. Bolton, 534, 535
Niver v. Rossman, 413
Nivin V. Stevens, 71, 926
Nixon V. Biloxi, 685fc
V. Cutting F. P. Co., 294, 308a
V. Denham, 999ft
t). Myers, 614, 667
V. Nixon, 763
V. Porter, 909a
V. Stilwell, 933
Noble V. Ames Manufacturing Co., 607,
617o
V. Arnold, 236, 237, 685^, 685m
V. Biddle, 917
V. Epperly, 77
». Fagnant, 762, 766
V. Hand, 1076, 170
V. Libby, .620
V. Moses, 343
V. Walker, 704
Nobles V. Bates, 400, 408, 418
Noblit V. Briggs, 313
Noe V. Hodges, 313o
Noel V. State, 692sf
V. Wheatly, 774
Nohrden v. Northeastern R. R., 54 S. C.
492; 584
V. Northeastern R. R., 59 S. C. 87;
573a
Nolan V. Mendere, 387
V. Standard S. M. Co., 1326
V. Stillwater L. Co., 1355
V. Whitney, 657
Nolde V. Gray, 1012
are to sections]
Nolte V. Herter, 452
Nones v. Homer, 6736
V. Northouse, 485o
Noon V. Salisbury Mills, 672
Noonan v. Ilsley, 17 Wis. 314; 276, 734
V. Ilsley, 21 Wis. 138; 968, 974,
977, 978, 980a
V. Ilsley, 22 Wis. 27; 966, 973
V. Lee, 973
V. Pardee, 93o
Norae v. Lonsley, 442
Norcross v. Benton, 1034
Noroross Bros. Co. v. Vose, 419
Norddeutschen F. V. G. v. Bertheau,
606a
Nordhaus v. Peterson, 363, 683
Norfolk V. American Steam-Gas Co.,
802
Norfolk & W. R. R. v. Adams, 857
V. Anderson, 380, 380a
V. Carter, 1110
V. Cheatwood, 5716, 574a, 577,
578
V. Davis, 252
V. Harman, 844
V. Lipscomb, 863, 873o
V. Mundy, 966, 981
V. Munsell, 1367
V. Neely, 357, 380, 387, 865
V. Reeves, 854
V. Spears, 1270
V. Spencer, 581
V. Stevens, 573a
V. Stone, 47
V. Thomas, 935a
V. Wilkinson, 854, 856
Norin v. St. Paul, M. & M. Ry., 1151
Norman v. Beekman, 906, 910
V. Bellingham, 1347
V. Cunningham, 1256ft
V. Fife, 565o, 682
V. Hope, 555
V. Ince, 924a, 1116
ti. Rogers, 63
V. Vandenberg, 834c
V. Vickery, 414
V. Wells, 1293
V. Winch, 107d, 973
Normannia, The, 778 <
Normile v. Wheeling T. Co., 4lo
2974
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Norris v. Hall, 341
V. Massachusetts Mut. L. Ins. Co.,
341
V. Morrill, 1305
Norristown v. Moyer, 67
Norris V. Philadelphia, 331o, 335
V. Pueblo, 1154o
V. School Dist., 657, 660, 662
0. State, 692i
V. Vermont Cent. R. R., 1109
Norris' Appeal, 311c
North V. Bunn, 1012o
V. Cates, 69, 1326
V. Johnson, 370, 681a
V. McDonald, 945
V. Mallory, 655a, 6556
V. PhiUips, 514
North Alabama Trac. Co. v. Daniel,
1342
North America Bldg. Assoc, v. Sutton,
627a
North American F. Ins. Co. v. Mowatt,
340
North Am. Trans. Co. v. Morrison, 864
North Arkansas Tel. Co. v. Steiner,
1348
North British & Mercantile Ins. Co. v.
Cohn, 85
North Chicago St. R. R. v. Brodie, 580,
580a
V. Burnham, 620
V. Deubner, 43/
V. Fitzgibbons, 170a
V. La Grand Co., 984
V. Wiswell, 1348
1). Wrixon, 1367
V. Zeiger, 482
North Eastern R. R. v. Sineath, 1167
North German Lloyd Steamship Co. v.
Wood, 45a
North Hudson Co. R. R. v. Booraem,
331a, 1175, 1177
North M. R. R. v. Akers, 850
North Pennsylvania Ry. ;;. Adams, 346
V. Davis, 1154a, 1157
V. Kirk, 67a, 576
V. Robinson, 672
North Packing & Provision Co. «. West-
ern U. T. Co., 881, 892
North-R. M. Co. v. Christ Church, 301
North Star, The, 106 U. S. 17; 590, 596a
North Star, The, 44 Fed. 492; 597a
North Star, The, 140 Fed. 263; 593,
597o
North Star, The, 169 Fed. 711; 1358
North Vernon v. Voegler, 95, 1110
Northam v. Hurley, 100
Northampton Nat. Bank v. Wylie, 237,
682, 682o
Northeastern R. R. v. Chandler, 1306
Northen v. Tatum, 618
Northern C. & C. Co. v. AUera, 1367
Northern Central Ry. v. Newman, 363
V. O'Conner, 862
Northern, J. & G. N. R. R. v. Allbrit-
ton, 359
Northern Line Packet Co. v. Binmnger,
1328
Northern P. & M. Ry. v. Forbis, 1171
Northern Pacific & P. S. S. R. R. v.
Coleman, 1143a
Northern Pac. R. R. v. Freeman, 574a
V. Lewis, 76
V. Pauson, 865
V. Wendel, 482
Northern Supply Co. v. Wangard, 2126,
226d, 226m
Northern Tex. Traction Co. v. Mullins,
171a
Northern Transp. Co. v. Chicago, 1110
V. McClary, 844
V. Sellick, 317, 497
Northridge v. MoOre, 1010
Northrop v. Graves, 306
Northrup.«). Cook, 734, 753
V. Cross, 537
V. McGill, 59
Northwestern L. I. Co. v. Irish, 12866
Northwestern M. L. Ins. Co. v. Perrill,
327
V. Rochester G. I. Co., 722a
Northwestern S. B. & M. Co. v. Great
Lakes Engineering Works, 161
Northwestern Transp. Co. v. Thames,
etc., Ins. Co., 711
Norton v. Babcock, 962, 971, 979
Norton f . Colgrove, 973
V. Jackson, 973
v. Kumpe, 692(7
V. Lexington F. I. Co., 711
TABLE OF CASES
2975
[References
Norton v. Parker, 777
V. Sewall, 120
V. Union Ry., 212
V. Wales, 734
V. Willis, 1298, 1299
Norvell v. Thompson, 109
Norway Plains Bank v. Moor^, 633d
Norwich v. Bradshaw, S47
Norwood V. Baker, 1126
V. Cobb, 497
V. Interstate Nat. Bank, 533, 1031
V. Lathrop, 657
Nosier v. Hunt, 966, 973
Nosotti V. Page, 98
Nossaman v. Rickert, 47, 386
Notara v. Henderson, 852
Nott V. Stoddard, 444a
Nottingham Ice Co. v. Preas, 739
Nourse v. Snow, 844
Nova Scotia T. Co. v. American T. Co.,
273
Novelty Iron Works v. Capital City
Oatmeal Co., 645, 646
Nowell V. Roake, 920
Nowlan v. Trevor, 9906
Nowland v. Martin, 797
Noxon V. Hill, 559
Noyes v. Blodgett, 777
V. F. A. Noullet & Co., 648a
V. French Lumbering Co., 908
I/. Phillips, 393, 417, 679, 1007,
1020
V. Pugin, 615
V. Mason City, 1112a
V. Ward, 234
Nuckolls V. College of Physicians and
Surgeons, 667
V. Powell, 999fc
Nuestra Senora de Regla, 334
Nugent V. New York, 1151
». Teachout, 1012a
Nunan v. San Francisco, 1261, 1268
Nunnemaker v. Lanier, 819
Nurse v. Bams, 6076
Nutt V. Merrill, 803
Nutting V. Herbert, 964, 966, 975
Nyce V. Obertz, 953, 975
Nye «. Iowa C. A. Works, 764
V. Ix)throp, 302a
V. Smith, 554
are to sections]
Nye V. Snyder, 766
Nysewander v. Lowman, 777
O. H. Jewell Filter Co. v. Kirk, 767
O. L. Hallenbeck, The, 579
0. Mills, etc., Nat. Bank v. Greenhaw,
337
O. S. Richardson F. Co. v. Peters, 583
Oak Ridge Coal Co. ». Rogers, 935
Oakes v. Maine Cent. R. R., 573o, 584
ti. Miller, 1027a
V. Richardson, 295
Oakland Ry. v. Fielding, 486c
Oakley v. Boorman, 6066, 789
Oakley Mills Mfg. Co. v. Neese, 1328
Oaks V. Scheifferly, 684o
Oatman v. Walker, 1024
O'Bannon v. Huffman, 556
O'Beirne v. BulUs, 1256d
Ober V. Indianapolis & St. L. R. R.,
856a
Oberfelder v. 3. G. Mattingly Co., 834(i
Obermyer v. Nichols, 295, 307, 636n
Obeme v. Gaylord, 682
Obom V. Nelson, 1357
O'Boyle v. Shively, 1337
O'Brien v. Anniston Pipe Works, 419,
618
V. Bennett, 368
V. Central I. & S. Co., 946
V. Home Benefit Society, 732
V. 3. G. White & Co., 1356
V. McCann, 57, 801
». Norwich & W. R. R., 35
V. Philadelphia, 1120
V. Railroad, 1116
V. Worcester, 947, 948, 1166d
V. Young, 324a
Ocala F. & M. Works v. Lester, 537
O'Callaghan v. Bode, 1367
V. Dellwood Park Co., 1358
Ocean Queen, The, 593, 596
Oceanic, The, 571o, 1367
Oceanic Steam Nav. Co. v. Compania
T. E., 241
Ochs t'. Public Service Ry., 85c
O'Connell v. Main & T. S. H. Co., 642
V. Mo. Pac. Ry., 5716
2976
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
O'Connell v. Reginam, 1276
V. Rosso, 607
O'Conner v. Forster, 842
V. Parrott, 1343
O'Connor v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry.,
485a
V. Enos, 976
V. Henderson Bridge Co., 610
V. New York, etc., Land Imp. Co.,
685fe
V. Nolan, 167
V. Pittsburg, 1112, 1115, 1120
V. Press Pub. Co., 451
V. St. Louis, K. C. & N. Ry., 947
V. Shannon, 69
V. Smith, 6476
V. Such, 692
V. Union Ry., 1367
V. Vameys, 1072
Ode V. Manhattan Raikoad, 1191, 1112
Odegard v. North Wis. Lumber Co.,
1356
Odell V. Hole, 536, 537
V. New York Elevated Raikoad,
1198a
V. Story, 1027
O'Doherty v. Postal T. C. Co., 1367
Odom V. Harrison, 1044
O'Donnell v. American Sugar Refining
Co., 1357
V. Broad, 12866
V. Colby, 691a
V. HannibfJ, 1363
V. Rhode Island Co., 2216
V. Rosenberg, 419
V. White, 1110
O'Donoghue v. Corby, 256
Oekenden v. Henly, 1026
Oeholf V. Solomon, 1027
Oelrichs V. Spain, 229, 233, 235, 237,
429
Oeltjen v. People, 692/
Oottinger v. Levy, 992
O'Ferrall v. Simplot, 921
Offutt V. Edwards, 232
O'Flaherty v. Nassau Electric R. R.,
43i
V. Sutton, 922
O'Fianagan v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1360
Ogburn V. Whitlow, 973
Ogden V. Ball, 966, 973
V. Davis, 681o
i>. East River Ins. Co., 726
V. Gibbons, 929, 1326, 1334
V. Larrabee, 311c
V. Lucas, 36a
V. Marshall, 842
V. Pattee, 301c
Ogle V. Earl Vane, 6366, 737
Oglesby v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1356
O'Gorman v. Harby, 988
O'Grady v. Keyes, 555
O'Hanlan v. Great Western Ry., 246,
844
O'Herrin v. Milwaukee County, 306
Ohio V. Board of Public Works, 338
V. Frank, 327
Ohio & M. Ry. v. Burrow, 872
V. Cosby, 226/, 486
V. Dickerson, 41, 67
V. Dunbar, 226?
V. Hecht, 1216
V. Judy, 1326
V. McGhee, 215, 226d
V. Nickless, 1293
V. Thillman, 1109
V. Tindall, 573o
V. Trapp, 938
V. Voight, 574a
V. Wachter, 1110 .
t'. Wangelin, 5716
Ohio & W. N. Ry. v. Gardner, 948
Ohio Life Ins. & Trust Co. v. Reeder,
793
Ohio Valley R. & T. Co. v. Kerth,
253
V. Meyer, 364
V. Wemke, 180a
O'Horo V. Kelsey, 127a
Ohrstrom v. Tacoma, 1367
O'Keefe v. Dyer, 676
I/. Eighth Ave. R. R., 1355, 1357
V. Liverpool, etc., Ins. Co., 723o
Okell V. Smith, 1038
Oklahoma City v. Hill, 69, 927, 932
V. Welsh, 1354
Old Colony R. R. v. Evans, 1023
D. -Miller, 331a, 1151
Old Colony & N. R. R. v. Plymouth,
1147, 11520, 1161
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2977
Old Dominion, C. M. & S. Co. v. Bigo-
low, 439i
Oldfield V. Angeles T. & M. Co., 999/
V. New York & H. R. R., 14 N. Y.
310; 574, 575
V. New York & H. R. R., 3 E. D.
Smith, 103; 1326
Oldham v. Bentley, 439a
V. Kerchner, 622a
V. Woods, 916, 917
Olds V. Gary, 237, 685j
Olean v. King, 692/
Qlean, In re, 1149b
O'Leary v. Rowan, 1270
Oleson V. Brown, 143
Olin V. Bradford, 171
Oliphant v. Frost, 302o
Oliphint V. Mansfield, 237
Oliver v. Bredl, 993
D. Bush, 956
V. Emsonne, 1034
V. Holt, 85
V. Houghton C. S. Ry., 5706
V. La Valle, 1216, 226^
D. Northern P. T. Co., 41, 180,
226/, 481, 485
V. Perkins, 182
V. Pittsburgh V. & C. Ry., 1175
Olivier v. Houghton C. S. Ry., 5706
Olmstead v. Bach, 90, 665, 666
V. Beale, 659
V. Brush, 106
V. Burke, 185, 1261
V. Hoy, 6386, 638c
V. Olmstead, 692
V. Rawson, 975, 982
Olmey v. Myers, 673a
O'Loughlin v. Carr, 681a
Olsen V. Montana O. P. Co., 377a
V. Wendt, 1349
Olson V. Erickson, 171a
V. Flard, 599
V. Great Northern Ry., 1360
V. Huntimer, 109
V. Nebraska Tel. Co., 1348
V. Nonenmacher, 616
V. Northern Pac. R. R., 1342
V. Sharpless, 734
V. Solveson, 637, 638
Olsted V. Macon, 1123
187
Olvera's Estate, 334
Olyphant v. St. Louis Ore & Steel Co.,
752
Olyphant S. D. Co. v. Olyphant, 1169
Omaha v. Bowman, 1367
V. Flood, 1165a
V. Hansen, 1141, 1171
V. Howell Lumber Co., 1141
V. Kramer, 1293
V. Richards, 1367
Omaha & G. S. & R. Co. v. Tabor, 499,
502, 504, 929, 934
Omaha & R. V. Ry. v. ChoUette, 482
V. Rybum, 482, 486a
V. Standen, 95, 924, 1123
Omaha B. Ry. v. McDermott, 1141
Omaha Coal & L. Co. v. Fay, 766
Omaha H. & G. Ry. v. Doney, 1295 ■
Omaha Horse R. R. v. Cable Tramway
Co., 1165a
Omaha Lith. Co. v. Simpson, 685
Omaha S. Ry. v. Beison, 1165
V. Todd, 1141, 1154, 1165, 1174
Omaha School Dist. v. McDonald, 667
Omaha St. Ry. v. Emminger, 483
Omaha Water Co. v. Schamel, 577
O'Malley v. McLean, 573
V. Rhode Island Co., 1352
O'Mara v. Hudson R. R. R., 574, 575
O'Meara v. McDaniel, 973
V. North American M. Co., 519
O'Mellia v. Kansas City, S. J. & C. B.
R. R., 580, 581
Onderdonk v. Emmons, 688
O'Neal V. Brown, 856
O'Neall V. Bookman, 345
V. Sims, 345
V. South Carolina R. R., 844
Oneida, The, 587, 689, 594
O'Neil V. Ben Avon Borough, 1120
V. Flanagan, 999c
V. Supreme Council, Q3Qd
O'Neill V. Johnson, 467
V. Rush, 734
Ong Chair Co. v. Cook, 1357
Ongaro v. Twohy, 172
Ontario Lantern Co. v. Hamilton B.
M. Co., 636d
Opelousas, G. & N. E. R. R. v. Brad-
ford, 253
2978
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Opelousas, G. & N. E. R. R. v. St.
Landry Cotton Oil Co., 1161
Opening of Beverley Rd., In re, 243c
Opinion of the court, 270
Opp V. Ten Eyck, 688, 688a
Oppenlieimer v. Bank, 695
V. Halff, 439A;
I/. U. S. Exp. Co., 851
Opsahl V. Judd, 574o, 580
Optenberg v. Skelton, 767
Orange & A. R. R. v. Fulvey, 736
Orange County Bank w. Brown, 873
Orange Hotel Co. v. Townsend, 189
Orange Lumber Co. v. Thompson, 948
Ordway v. Colcord, 305
Orefioe ». Savarese, 1337
Oregon, The, 45 Fed. 62; 687, 599
Oregon, The, 55 Fed. 666; 842
Oregon, The, 89 Fed. 620; 597o
Oregon & C. R. R. v. Barlow, 1166
V. Jackson, 930a, 933, 934
V. Wait, 1198
Oregon, R. & N. Co. v. Hosier, 1175
V. Owsley, 1148
O'Reilly v. Hoover, 1368
V. New Brunswick, A. & N. Y. S.
B. Co., 218
V. Shadle, 930a
Orendorf v. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
580
Orhanovich ti. The America, 693
Orient Ins. Co. o. Parlin Orendorff Co.,
722a
Orient M. I. Co. v. Adams, 711
Oriental, The, v. Barclay, 1270
Oriental Bank v. Tremont Ins. Co., 341
Oriental Lumber Co. v. Blades Lumber
Co., 753
Oriflamme, The, 485
O'Riley v. McChesney, 226d, 226o, 941
Ormsbee ». Davis, 689a
Ormsby v. Johnson, 316
V. Vermont C. M. Co., 257
Orr V. Bigelow, 627a
V. Churchill, 400
V. Dayton, & M. T. Co., 925
V. Farmers' Alliance Warehouse &
Com. Co., 740
V. Mayor, 317
V. New York, 293
Orr W. Co. v. Reno W. Co., 618
Orrok v. Commonwealth Ins. Co., 711
Orschehi v. Scott, 1359
Orth V. Milwaukee, 1110, 1164
Ortiz V. Navarro, 638, 638o
Ortwine v. Baltimore, 1154c
Osborne ». Ayers, 613, 618
Osbom V. Gillett, 570
V. Guy's Hospital, 671
V. Jenkinson, 1354
V. Mississippi & R. R. B. Co., 942
V. Poket, 151
V. Quincey, O. & K. C. Ry., 1331
V. U. S. Bank, 341
Osbom's Case, 1278
Osborne v. Ehrhard, 241
V. McQueen, 762
Osbom V. Mississippi & R. R. B. Co.,
942
Osborne v. Poket, 121d
V. Synnot, 821
Osboume v. Hosier, 301
Osboum V. Lovell, 1263, 1271a
Oscoda, The, 170
Osgood V. Bauder, 734, 738
V. Chicago, 154 111. 194; 1168
V. Chicago, 44 111. App. 532; 1138
V. McConnell, 276
V. Osgood, 793, 793a
O'Shaugannessy v. Chicago City Ry.,
1353
O'Shaughnessy v. O'Rourke, 930a
O'Shea v. Kirker, 1279
Oshkosh Gas Light Co. v. Germania
F. I. Co., 722o
Osier V. Walton, 384, 487a
Osmun V. Winters, 25 Ore. 260; 639
V. Winters, 30 Ore. 177; 640, 640a
Ossouski V. Wiesner, 12866
Ossulston t). Yarmouth, 343
Osteen v. Southern Ry., 377o
Osterholm v. Boston & M. C. C. & S.
M. Co., 1347
Osterhout v. Delaware, L. & W. R. R.,
170
Osteryoung v. Transit Co., 865
Ostrander v. Lansing, 486a
Ostrom V. San Antonio, 3806, 930, 932
Oswego C. S. Bank v. Board of Educa-
tion, 337
TABLE OF CASES
2979
[References
Oswego F. P. & P. Co. ti. Stecher Litho-
graphic Co., 752
Otres V. Cowels E. S. & A. Co., 1363
Otis V. Cottage Grove Mfg. Co., 419
V. Hall, 692ifc
V. Jones, 60
V. Koontz, 606a
Ottawa V. GiUiland, 1309
V. Sweely, 1325
Ottawa, O. C. & C. G. R. R. v. Adolph,
1293
V. Peterson, 95
Otten V. Manhattan R. R., 11986
Ottenot V. New York, L. & W. Ry., 95
Otter V. Williams, 519
Otto V. Jackson, 999^
Otto Kuehne Preserving Co. v. Allen,
377a
Ottoway V. Milroy, 633a
Ottumwa V. Parks, 240, 241, 802
Oursler v. Baltimore & O. R. R., 383
Ousley V. Hardin, 372, 383
Outcalt V. Durling, 79
Outhouse V. Outhouse, 256
Ouverson v. Grafton, 124
Overacre v. Garrett, 692i
Overbay v. Lighty, 762
Overby v. Fayetteville Bldg., etc., As-
soc, 339a
Overhiser v. McCoUister, 977
Overland M. & E. Co. n. Carroll, 851
Overton v. Bolton, 326
V. Meggs, 915
V. Phelan, 1039
V. Woodson, 692j
Oviatt V. Pond, 317, 432a
Owen V. Brockschmidt, 573
ti. O'Reilly, 106
V. Routh, 508, 734
Owens V. Durham, 664
V. Hodges, 415
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 924a
V. Railroad, 1216
V. Salter, 1034
Owensboro v. Hope, 1149
V. Singleton, 1152a
V. Williams, 1347
Owensboro & N. Ry. v. Barclay, 584
Owensboro-Harrison Telephone Co. v.
Wisdom, 183
are to sections]
Owings V. Gibson, 69, 931
Owsley V. Greenwood, 302
Oxford Knitting Mills v. American
Wringer Co., 162, 205
V. Wooldridge, 760
Ozan Lumber Co. v. Bryan, 1353
Ozark Lumber Co. v. Chicago Lumber
Co., 753
P. P. Emory Manuf. Co. v. Salomon,
636, 737
Paauhau Sugar Plantation Co. v. Pal-
apala, 1362
Pabst Co. V. Greenberg, 76, 78, 79
Pabst Brewing Co. v. Rapid S. F. Co.,
536
Pace V. Neal, 689a
V. Pace, 692i
Pacific Coast Ry. v. Porter, 1135
Pacific Exp. Co. v. Black, 43ff, 856,
856a
V. Darnell, 152, 856, 856a
V. Foley, 851
V. Jones, 157
V. Lasker R. E. Assoc, 935o
V. Lothrop, 1298
V. Smith, 935a
V. Walters, 667
V. Watson, 486c
Pacific Factor Co. v. Adler, 426o
Pacific Ins. Co. v. Conard, 230, 233,
433, 434, 436
Pacific Mut. L. Ins. Co. v. Fisher, 301
Pacific P. & N. Co. V. Fielding, 380
Pacific P. T. C. Co. v. Bank of Palo
Alto, 126a
V. Fleischner, 316, 876
Pacific R. R. V. Chrystal, 1140
V. U. S., 339
Pacific S. M. Works v. California Can-
neries Co., 166
Pacific Steam Whaling Co. v. Alaska
Packers' Assoc, 182a, 200
Pacific Union Club v. Commercial
Union Assur. Co., 121d
Pack V. New York, 570
Packard v. Bergen Neck Ry., 1129,
1148, 1149, 1152, 11710
2980
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Packard v. ffiU, 1272
V. Leinow, 834
V. Slack, 125, 769, 1266
Packers' F. Assoc, v. Harris, 834a
Packing Co. v. Canty, 313o
Pacquette v. Pickness, 910
Pactolus, The, 592
Padelford v. Boardman, 717
V. Padelford, 950
Paddock v. Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R.,
41, 864
V. Salisbury, 451
Paducah v. Allen, 947, 1123
Paducah v. Cully, 692e
Paducah & M. R. R. «. Stovall, 1130,
1148
Paducah L. C. & I. Co. v. Hayes, 308a
Paducah Lumber Co. v. Paducah
Water Supply Co., 164
Page V. Bucksport, 226j", 228
V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 1137,
1138, 1149, 1198
V. Delaware & H. C. Co., 171
V. Ferry, 1226
V. Ford, 121d, 767
V. Fowler, 517
V. Johnston, 1027
V. Merwin, 1332
V. Mills, 777
V. Munro, 854
V. Newman, 287, 288
V. Parker, 777
V. Pavey, 191, 768
V. Sumpter, 435o
V. Sun Ins. Office, 726
V. Wells, 1027
V. Yool, 378, 388, 1344
Paige V. Barrett, 665
V. Hazard, 1292
V. 111. Steel Co., 1367
V. Willet, 303
Paine v. Boston, 1295
V. Caswell, 67 Me. 540; 325
V. Caswell, 68 Me. 80; 330
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 47, 865
V. Kelley, 462
V. Partrich, 35
i). Sherwood, 19 Minn. 315; 166
V. Sherwood, 21 Minn. 225; 153,
734
Paine v. Woods, 1147
Painter v. Munn, 682
V. Stahley, 71, 926
Palatine Ins. Co. v. Weiss, 722a
Palenzke v. Bruning, 43i
Palestine C. S. O. Co. v. Cotton Oil Co.,
737
Pallet V. Sargent, 447
V. Murphy, 620, 633e, 742
Pallman v. Smith, 657
Palmer v. Andrews, 641
V. Atchison, T. & S. F. R. R., 846
V. Augenstein, 565a
V. Baum, 47
V. Bennett, 294
V. Blackburn, 712
V. Conant, 1303
V. Crook, 480
V. Crosby, 87
V. Darby, 40
V. Foley, 685
V. Gallup, 550
V. Harris, 334
V. Haskins, 445
V. Holland, 819
V. Ingram, 984
V. Laberee, 334
. V. Mahin, 448a
V. Maine Cent. R. R., 466, 1336
V. Matthews, 448, 44M
V. Meiners, 538
V. Murray, 317, 336
V. New York News Pub. Co., 448
V. North, 302
V. Philadelphia, B. & W. R. R.,
377a
V. Pirson, 829
V. Schurz, 680
V. Stephens, 836
V. Stockwell, 3146
V. Waterloo, 1261, 1262
V. Winona R. & L. Co., 485a
V. Winston-Salem R. & E. Co.,
478a
Palmer Co. v. Ferrill, 1147
Palmer Transf. Co. v. Smith, 1348
Palo Alto Bank v. Pacific Postal Tel.
Cable Co., 229
Pana v. Bowler, 346
Pancoast v. Vail, 753
Pankopf V. Hinckley, 43h
Panson v. Miller, 256
Pantall v. Rochester & P. C. & I. Co.,
93a, 924
Paola Gas Co. v. Paola Glass Co., 607,
646
Paoli, The, 587
Pape V. Ferguson, 739
V. Lathrop, 667
V. Westacott, 829
Pappenheim v. Metropolitan Ry., 932,
1196, 1200
Paquin v. St. Louis & S. Ry., 482o
Parana, The, 855
Paradise v. Sun M. I. Co., 712
Paraffine Oil Co. i/. Berry, 69
Paragon Refining Co. v. Lee, 737, 1046
Parcell v. McComber, 660
Pardee v. Douglas, 622
t). Drew, 873
V. Robertson, 549
Parfitt V. Chambre, 408
Pargoud v. Morgan, 685j
Parham v. McMurray, 59
Paris V. Allred, 947, 948
V. Cairo V. & C. Ry., 1152a
V. Jenkins, 948
V. Mason, 1143
Paris & G. N. Ry. v. Robinson, 577,
578
Paris, City of, 587
Parish v. Baird, 226d
V. Gilmanton, 1154a
V. Wheeler, 82
V. White, 1006
Park V. Bates, 962
V. Cheek, 964, 966, 976, 978
V. Chicago & S. W. Ry., 184, 948
V. Ensigh, 993
V. Hamond, 817
V. Independent School Dist., 665
V. Kitchen, 615
V. McDaniels, 506a, 1268
V. Northport S. & R. Co., 170o,
933
V. Richardson, 760
V. Wiley, 301, 3406
Parke v. Blackiston, 445
V. Frank, 193a
Parker v. Atchinson, 1128
TABLE OS- CASES
[References are to sections]
Parker v. Barlow, 763
V. Bond, 237, 685
2981
V. Boston & Me. R. R., 1119
V. Brown, 966
V. Chicago Catholic Bishop, 1121
V. Conner, 60, 565
V. Coture, 488
V. Davis, 269
V. Eagle F. I. Co., 723
V. Fairbanks-Morse Mfg. Co., 1356
V. Fenwick, 762
V. Forehand, 637, 638a, 368&
V. Gaines, 302a
V. Griswold, 99, 923, 940
V. HoUis, 999e
V. Hulme, 1220
V. Hutchinson, 287
V. James, 811
V. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry., 1296
V. Lowell, 1265
V. Lumber Co., 5716, 573a
V. McDonald, 982
V. McKannon, 614, 6863
V. Macomber, 672
V. Marquis, 765
V. Meadows, 209, 221, 228, 991,
999
V. Mise, 373a
V. Monteith, 473, 475
V. Moody, 339a
V. Norfolk & C. R. R., 947
V. Otis, 333 .
V. Parker, 308a
V. Peabody, 545, 549
V. Plymell, 411
V. Prjngle, 762
V. Republican Co., 44a
V. Russell, 90, 636?, 636i, 636n
V. Shackelford, 363a, 373
V. Sherwood, 933
V. Simonds, 690
V. South Carolina & G. R. R., 483
V. Tires, 858
V. Walker, 1027, 1028
V. Wallis, 935
V. Waycross & F. R. R., 504, 934
Parker's Heirs v. Parker's Admr., 1303
Parker County v. Jackson, 1163
Parkhurst v. Ketchum, 451
V. Masteller, 44, 47, 357, 360, 372
2982
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Parkhurst v. Van Courtlandt, 1012a
Parkinson v. Jacobson, 973
V. Kortrim, 120o
V. Woulds, 966
Parkinson Sugar Co. v. Riley, 1347
Parks V. Alexander, 550
V. Alta C. T. Co., 875, 887
V. Booth, 1244, 1246
V. Boston, 331o, 999d, 1151, 1164a
V, County of Hampden, 1147
V. General Interest Assur. Co., 725
l: Laurens Cotton Mills, 3836
V. Marshall, 276, 734
V. Morris A. & T. Co.j 199, 766,
1297
!;. O'Connor, 156, 756
V. Seattle, 1110
V. Sullivan, 432a, 436
V. Wilson, 675c
V. Wisconsin Central R. R., 1154
Parlin v. Boatman, 753
Parmelee v. Raymond, 844
Parmalee v. Wilks, 226c, 620
Parmenter v. Fitzpatrick, 248a, 1298
V. Marion, 119
Parmer v. Anderson, 446
Paro V. St. Martin, 90
Parr v. Greenbush, 407, 416
Parrin v. Montana Cent. Ry., 433, 436
Parroski v. Goldberg, 506a, 540
Parrot v. Cincinnati, H. & D. R. R.,
1115
Parrott v. Atlantic & N. C. R. R., 363a
i;. Chicago & G. W. Ry., 939
V. Housatonic R. R., 317
V. Knickerbocker Ice Co., 316, 317,
318
Parry v. Aberdeen, 710
V. Frame, 260
Parry Mfg. Co. v. Lyon, 734
Parshall v. Minneapolis & S. L. Ry.,
180, 485a
Parsons v. Hardy, 841
V. Harper, 241, 461, 462, 463
V. Hart, 905
V. Lindsay, 490
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 854
V. Martin, 828
V. Moses, 915, 916
V. Pettingell, 928
Parsons v. Sexton, 1060
V. Strong, 567
V. Sutton, 153, 222, 734, 741
V. United States Exp. Co., 852
Partello v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1354,
1360
Partenheimer v. Van Order, 36a, 43J
Pasadena v. Stimson, 1165c
Paschall v. Owen, 1367
Pasley v. Catterlin, 305
V. Freeman, 32, 100
Pa^singer v. Thorbum, 191, 768
Passmore v. Western U. T. Co., 876
Pastor V. Regan, 1326
Pastorius v. Fisher, 99, 352
Pastor V. Solomon, 416
Patapsco Guano Co. v. Magee, 317
Patapsco Ins. Co. v. Coulter, 713
Patchen v. Keeley, 86a, 935
Patching v. Smith, 999/
Pate V. Columbia & P. S. R. R., 1346
V. Fitzhugh, 1334
V. Mitchell, 980
Patent Brick Co. v. Moore, 419
Paterson, N. & N. Y. R. R. v. Newark,
1152
Paterson v. Wilcox, 473
Patillo V. Alexander, e96c
Patnote v. Sanders, 673
Patrick v. Clay, 302a
V. Colorado Smelting Co., 1076,
610
V. Greenaway, 99
V. Leach, 959, 964
V. Marshall, 1010
V. Perryman, 294
V. Putnam, 655c, 672
V. Roach, 1006
V. Swinney, 774
Patrick Henry, The, 844
Patridge v. Boston & M. R. R., 41a, 47
V. Dykins, 991
V. Hatch, 975
Patten v. American Nat. Bank, 302a
V. Belo, 451
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 1330
V. Hood, 308
V. Libbey, 1268
V. Lynett, 633/
V. Northern Central R, R., 1166
TABLE OF CASES
2983
[Referencea
Patterson v. Arthurs, 1016
V. Boston, 20 Pick. 159; 1157
V. Boston, 23 Pick. 425; 1169
V. Cappon, 979
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. R. R., 852
V. Choate, 311
V. Cussier, 822
V. Ely, 1260
V. Emerinh, 999/
V. Frazer, 382
V. G. W. Ry., 95
V. Hulings, 1054
V. Illinois Cent. R. R., 153 159
V. Jaeger & S. Ry., 1116
V. Marine Nat. Bank, 171o, 1310a
V. Melchior, 1348
V. Missouri Glass Co., 302a
V. Murphy, 1012a
V. Plummer, 736
V. Kingsland, 935a
V. Reardon, 920
V. Rinard, 685??i
V. Sharp, 3406
V. Stewart, 969, 981
V. Thompson, 1328
V. Waldman, 378, 985
ti. Westervelt, 546, 554a
V. Whitlock, 325
Patton V. Cruce, 448o, 449
V. Elk R. M. Co., 607, 614
V. England, 973
V. Garrett, 234, 237, 359, 565a, 990
V. Kennedy, 1012a
V. Philadelphia, 1163, 1329
V. Sanborn, 1303, 1307
Patton Paint Co. v. Erie R. R., 317
Patzke V. Minneapolis & S. L. Ry., 1355
Pauck V. St. Louis D. B. & P. Co., 1348
Paul V. Christie, 340c
V. Cragnaz, 182a, 184, 1334
V. Frazier, 639
V. Goodluck, 678
V. Grimm, 829
V. Jones, 785
«. New York, 337
V. Omaha & S. L. Ry., 482
e. Slasoii, 32, 101, 103, 108, 565
Paulling V. Creagh, 343
Paulmier v. Erie R, R,, 579
Pause V. Atlanta, 1167
are to sections]
Pauza V. Lehigh V. C. Co., 1306
Pavenstedt v. New York L. I. Co., 700
Pavonia, The, 587
Pawling V. Howren, 301
Paxton V. State, 692e
Paycock v. Parker, 313
Payne v. Avery, 339a
V. EUzey, 678
V. Georgetown Lumber Co., 5706
V. Graves, 1012a
V. Hackney, 1012a
V. Haine^ 210
V. Kansas & A. V. R. R., 1116,
1151, 1152a, 1171a
V. Lindsley, 78
V. Mclntier, 334
V. Morgan's Louisiana & T. R. R.
& S. S. Co., 191
V. Pacific Mail Steamship Co., 1325
Peabody v. Bloomer, 1031
V. Richard Realty Co., 408, 416
Peabody Ins. Co. v. Memphis Packet
Co., 711
Peace River Phosphate Co. v. Grafflin,
153
Peacock v. Coltrane, 607, 667
V. Monk, 964
Peak V. Frost, 164a, 442
Peake v. Baltimore & O. R. R., 85c
Pearoe v. Hennessy, 325, 345
V. Kansas City, 1348
u. Maguire, 684
V. Twichell, 531
V. Wallace, 315
Pearl v. Garloek, 69ia
Pearsall i'. Western U. T. Co., 882
Pearse v. Quebec Steamship Co., 851
Pearson v. Alaska Pac. S. S. Co., 1355
V. Carr, 91, 913
V. CraHan, 700
V. Darrington, 3116
V. Davie, 975
V. Davis, 975
V. Duane, 864
V. Ford, 959, 972
V. Grice, 311
V. Lemaitre, 4^6
V. Mason, 750
V. Parker, 797
V, Sanderson, 302
2984
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Pearson v. Williams, 423
V. Zable, 1110
V. Zehr, 373a, 1334
Pease v. Shippen, 451
V. Smith, 317
Peay v. Western U. T. Co., 45o, 894
Peck V. Bonebright, 531a
V. Bristol, 1154
V. Clark, 101
V. Cohen, 806
V. Inlow, 82
V. Kansas City M. R. & C. Co.,
636c
V. McCormick Harvesting Ma-
chine Co., 1041
V. McLean, 83
V. New York C. & H. R. R., 1342
V. Small, 360, 372, 385
V. Superior Short Line R. R., 1154
Peck V. Taylor, 480a, 1338
Peck-Hammond Co. v. Heifner, 614,
617
Peckham Iron Co. v. Harper, 234, 359
Pecksport C. Ry. v. West, 1165
Pecos & N. T. Ry. v. Bivins, 854
V. Blasengame, 485a
Peden v. Moore, 1040
Peddle v. Qijebec F. Assur. Co., 720
Peek V. Derry, 257, 779
Peekskill S. C. & M. R. R. v. Peekskill,
416, 416a
Peele v. Merchants' Ins. Co., 715
Peelle v. State, 692, 692fc
Peerce v. Athey, 685
Peerless Machine Co. v. Gates, 537
Peet V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 854
Peffley v. Kenrick, 689a
Pegler v. Hyde Park, 1157
Pegram *. Stortz, 359, 1248, 1254
V. Western U. T. Co., 885
Peine v. Weber, 411
Pekin v. Brereton, 35
V. Reynolds, 337
Pelberg v. Gorham, 545
Pelham ». Way, 547, 557
Pell V. Shearman, 619
Pellardis v. Journal Printing Co., 448a,
1335
Peltier v. Mict, 445
Peltomaa v. Katahdin P. & P. Co., 1354
Peltz V. Eichele, 30, 182, 632
Pence v. Duvall, 959
V. Gubbert, 981
Pendall v. Rench, 852
Pender Lumber Co. v. Wilmington Iron
Works, 165
Pendergast v. McCaslin, 86o, 913
V. Reed, 778
Pendleton v. Cline, 149, 153a, 664
Pendleton St. R. R. v. Rahmann, 1330
Pendo V. Beakey, 916
Pengra v. Wheeler, 311, 312, 405, 995
Penland v. Leatherwood, 79
Penley v. Watts, 209, 773, 992, 1000
Penley's Case, 1148
Penn v. Bibly, 1217
V. Jack, 1217
V. Smith, 755, 762
V. Taylor, 932
Pennant's Case, 1034
Pennebaker Bros. v. Bell City Mfg.
Co., 767
Pennell v. The United States, 594
V. Woodbum, 238, 773
Penney v. Commonwealth, 1154c
Penniman v. Stanley, 807a
Pennington v. Gillaspie, 377a
V. Lewis, 107a
V. Redman V. & S. Co., 251
V. Western U. T. Co., 882
V. Yell, 812, 814, 831
Pennsylvania & N. Y. R. R. & C. Co.
V. Bunnell, 1167, 1295
Pennsylvania & O. C. Co. v. Graham,
41, 47, 180, 226/, 481, 485
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Versailles F.
G. Co., 1160a
Pennsylvania Co. v. Barton, 1356
V. Bray, 865
V. Dolan, 666
V. Keane, 680
V. Lilly, 570a
V. Pennsylvania So. R. R., 1120
V. Reidy, 1356
V. Stanley, 1117
V. Swain, 678
Pennsylvania. Co. for Insurance v.
Phila. G. & R. R. R., 514
Pennsylvania L. Co. v. Phila. Con-
tributionship, 723a
TABLE
[References
Pennsylvania L. Co. v. Pennsylvania
Schuylkill Valley R. R., 1154
Pennsylvania M. L. I. Co. v. Heiss,
1169
Pennsylvania Nat. Gas Co. v. Cook, 806
Pennsylvania R. R. v. Adams, 674
V. Allen, 41
V. Bantom, 573, 575
V. Books, 860
V. Butler, 573a, 574a, 580
V. Connell, 112 111. 295; 47, 865
V. Connell, 127 111. 419; 864
V. Dale, 180, 181, 182
V. Goodman, 573a, 1325
V. Henderson, 584
». John Anda Co., 246
V. Keller, 572
V. Kelly, 486c, 575
V. Kerr, Hid
V. Lilly, 575
V. Lippincott, 1120
V. Marchant, 1120
V. Marion, 67, 860
V. Ogier, 572
V. Patterson, 999A
V. Reichert, 423
V. Reiley, 1142
V. Roy, 490
V. Spicker, 864
V. TitusviUe & P. P. R. R., 842, 843
t). Vandever, 572, 573a
V. Wabash, S. L. & P. Ry., 126a
V. Washburn, 221a, 589
V. Zebe, 486c, 575
Pennsylvania Schuylkill Valley R. R. v.
Cleary, 253, 1171
V. Walsh, 1120
V. Ziemer, 331a, 1120, 1159
Penny v. Andrus, 762
V. Davis, 527
t). Fellner, 999c
V. Ludwick, 538
V. Penny, 1156
Penny, Re, 1090, 1096, 1097, 1098
Pennybecker v. McDougal, 531, 938
Pennj^packer v. Jones, 190, 407
Penrice v. Penrice, 921
V. Wallis, 1139a
Pensacola Gas Co. v. Pebley, 1330,
1331
OF CASES 2985
are to sections]
People V. Albany, 5 Lans. 524; 151
V. Albany, 11 Wend. 539; 946
V. Alberty, 950
V. Bartels, 692;i
V. Beach, 6926
V. Canal Com'rs, 331o
V. Colerick, 550
V. C. P. R. R., 407, 408, 413
V. Clinton County, 314
V. Compher, 676
V. Corbett, 792
V. Crowe, 130 111. App. 349; 692i
V. Crowe, 145 111. App. 450; 1268
V. Deutscher Krieger Bund, 235o
V. Eldredge, 1146, 1185
V. Faulkner, 692i
V. Flynn, 607
V. Foote, 6926
V. Foster, 692a
V. Gardner, 692a
V. Gasherie, 303
V. Getzendaner, 326
V. Gold & Stock Tel. Co., 332
V. Green, 1112a
V. Holmes, 692
V. HufJfman, 692j
V. Jansen, 681a
V. Judges of N. Y. C. P., 1285
V. Kendall, 692d
V. Kerr, 1183, 1184, 1187
V. Laning, 681o
V. Lett, 549
V. Love, 416
V. Lucas, 692/
V. McCarthy, 1208
V. McHenry, 692d
V. Mayor, 4 N. Y. 419; 1128
V. Mayor, 6 Barb. 209; 1128
V. Mayor, 32 Barb. 102; 1107
V. Moon, 681a, 692a
V. Musical M. P. Union, 129
V. New York, 301
V. New York, L. E. & W. R. R.,
842
V. Nolan, 101 N. Y. 539; 688a
V. Nolan, 32 Hun, 612; 569
v. Pennock, 692a
V. Petrie, 191 111. 497; 692i
V. Petrie, 94 111. App. 652; 109
V. Phillips, 1154c
2986 TABLE
[References
People V. Randolph, 692
V. Russell, 681a, 1276
V. Security L. I. & A. Co., 730
V. Stillings, 1151
V. Summers, 692
V. Supervisors, 314
V. Sutter St. R. R., 333
V. Syracuse, 1160
V. Wexford, 312
V. Williams, 1138
V. Wilmerding, 995
People, The, v. Niagara, C. P., 1045
People ex rel. Hewlett v. The Mayor,
1128
People ex rel. Newton v. Supervisors of
Oneida Co., 1182
People's Co-operative Assoc, v. Lloyd,
667
People's Ice Co. v. The Excelsior, 191,
936
People's Loan Co. v. Grant, 325
People's Savings Bank v. Campau, 678
V. Hill, 962
Peoria & P. TJ. Ry. v. Peoria; & F. U.
Ry., 107a, 1152a
Peoria & R. I. Ry. Co. v. Birkett,
1160a
Peoria, A. & D. R. R. v. Sawyer, 1165,
1166
Peoria B. & C. R. R. v. Vance, 1138
Peoria, B. & C. T. Co. v. Vance, 1157,
1166c
Peoria Bridge Association v. Loomis,
481
Peoria, M. & F. I. Co. v. Lewis, 301
Peoria, P. & J. R. R. v. Laurie, 1138
Peper v. St. Louis Brass Mfg. Co., 999j
Pepper v. Haight, 636n
V. Rowley, 1057
V. Southern Pac. Co., 573a
u. Western Union Telegraph Co.,
876, 885, 891
Peppercorn v. Black River Falls, 226/,
4866
Peppin V. Cooper, 692d
Perdue v. Brooks, 960
Peri V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
1356
Ferine v. Grand Lodge, A. O. U. W.,
309
OF CASES
are to sections]
Perit V. Wallis, 678
Perkins v. Coleman, 343
V. Ewan, 248a, 565, 565o
V. Foumiquet, 334
V. Freeman, 60
V. Giles, 692t
V. Hart, 664
V. Hersey, 638, 638a, 639
V. Hollister, 311c
V. Lawrence, 1110
V. Lyman, 418, 678
V. Mans, 317
V. Pitman, 550
V. Portland, S. & P. R. R., 846
V. Sunset T. & T. Co., 1359
V. Towle, 373, 384
V. M. K. & T. R. R., 380
V. Stewart, 303
V. Washington Ins. Co., 817
Perley v. Balch, 762a, 1060
V. Raih-oad, 1110, 1112
V. Schubert, 406
Perolin Co. v. Young, 613
Perret v. Dupre, 999a
Perrette v. City of Kansas City, 1348
Perrigo v. St. Louis, 41a
V. Spaulding, 1217
Perrigo G. M. & T. Co. v. Grimes, 82
Perrin v. Parker, 304
V. Reynolds, 1006
V. Wells, 493
Perrine v. Serr«ll, 762, 772
V. Winter, 445
Perrott v. Shearer, 67a
Perry v. Aldrich, 999a
V. Council Bluffs City Waterworks
Co., 695
V. Denson, 680
V. Dickerson, 85a
V. Goodwin, 921
V. Horn, 678
V. Howe C. C. Co., 107a
V. Jeffries, 72, 363, 1294
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1350
t). Pittsburgh Union Passenger
Ry., 865
V. Reynolds, 740, 742
V. Simpson Waterproof Mfg. Co.,
667
V, Smith, 279c
TABLE OF Cases
[References are
Perry v. Taylor, 282, 324o, 325
V. Washburn, 332
V. Wright, 675o
Perry Comity v. S. M. & M. R. R., 332
Perry-Matthews-Buskirk Stone Co. v.
Smith, 932
Perryman Plank-Road Co. v. Ramage,
1167
Person & Riegel Co. v. Lipps, 753
Persons v. Parker, 456
Persse v. Cole, 853
V. Watrous, 689
Peru & I. R. R. v. Basket, 43e
Peru Heating Co. v. Lenhart, 431
Perzell v. Shook, 407, 414
Peter v. Thickstun, 1299
Peters v. Bamliill, 797, 799
V. Bessemer & L. E. R. R., 574a
V. Bowman, 973
V. Cooper, 753
V. Craig, 664a
V. Grubb, 999d
». Johnson, 120
V. Lake, 479
V. McKean, 1006
V. M'Keon, 1010
V. Myers, 980
V. Quebec Harbor Com'rs, 312
V. Snavely-Ashton, 682a
V. Southern Pac. Co., 577, 578
V. Stanway, 42
V. Tilghman, 934
V. Warren Ins. Co., 718
V. Whitney, 121d, 151, 674
Peters B. & L. Ca. v. Lesh, 531, 533,
534
Petersburg School Dist. v. Peterson,
253
Petersen v. Case, 854
Peterson v. Ayre, 734
V. Brackey, 1306
V. Chemical Co., 485
V. Denison, 1116
V. Gresham, 374, 516, 1328
V. Knoble, 1250
V. Merchants' Elevator Co., 1367
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1348
V. Middlesex & S. T. Co., 380
V. Morgan, 451
V. Polk, 534
2987
to sections]
Peterson v. Roessler & Haaslacher
Chemical Co., 484, 1359
V. Seattle Traction Co., 485a
V. Toner, 1337, 1345
V. Western U. T. Co., 65 Minn. 18;
1335
V. Western U. T. Co., 75 Minn. 368;
380, 1335
Petit V. Colmary, 461, 462, 463, 466
V. Flint & P. M. R. R., 916, 917
Petre v. Duncombe, 304
Petri V. First Nat. Bank, 695
Petrie v. Columbia & G. R. R., 573,
578, 1332
V. Folz, 979
V. Lane, 608
V. Rose, 448c
Pettee v. Tennessee M. Co., 190, 1039
Pettie V. Boston Tow Boat Co., 201
Pettigrew i'. Summers, 325
Pettit 6. Addington, 1270
V. Allen, 689a
u. Frothingham, 934
t>. Mercer, 182, 680, 682
V. Mills, 226c
V. Pettit, 3116
Pettygrove v. Hoyt, 689
Petz V. Voight Brewing Co., 999c
Peuchen v. Imperial Bank, 774
Pevey v. Schulenberg & B. L. Co., 614
Pew V. First Nat. Bank, 673d
Pewaukee Milling Co. v. Howitt, 218,
226n, 993, 995
Peyser v. Myers, 339o
Peyster v. Clarkscm, 311c
Peyton v. Robertson, 1285
». Texas & P. Ry., 134f
Pezant v. National Ins. Co., 711
Pfeffer v. Buffalo Ry., 1356
Pfeiffer v. Lansberg Brake Co., 673d
V. Radke, 1360
Pfeil V. Kemper, 1303
Pfister V. Milwaukee F. P. Co., 380a
V. Wade, 341
Pflegar v. Hastings, etc., R. R., 1166d
Phalen v. Rochester Ry., 1367
Phaneuf v. Corey, 419
Phansteihl v. Vanderhoof, 684
Pharr v. Gall, 104 La. 700; 979
V. Gall, 108 La, 307; 982
2988 TABLE
[References
Phelan v. Andrews, 2266, 226d, 992
II. Tomlin, 1012
Phelps V. Beebe, 656, 657
V. Conqueror Z. & L. Co., 1351
V. Detroit, 924
V. Eyria Milling Co., 191
V. George's Creek & C. R. R., 119
V. Lewiston, 346
V. London & N. W. Ry., 873
V. McGee, 738
V. New Haven & N. Co., 90, 636A
999^
V. Owens, 545
V. Paris, 1066
V. Taylor, 695a
V. Winona & S. P. R. R., 574o
Phenix v. Clark, 96, 531
V. Prindee, 310
Phettiplace v. Northern Pac. R. R.,
1342
Phifer v. Cabarrus County, 1148
Philadelphia v. Dyer, 1151
V. Linnard, 1151, 1168
Philadelphia & R. R. R. v. Adams, 572
ti. Derby, 859
V. Gilson, 1130
V. Knight, 346
V. Reading & P. R. R., 1165a
V. Smith, 346
Philadelphia, B. & W. R. R. v. Craw-
ford, 47
V. Green, 363
V. Mitchell, 43i
Philadelphia Ball Club v. Phila., 1112a
Philadelphia Traction Co. v. Orbann,
360, 364, 365, 366, 380, 387
Philadelphia, W. & B. R. R. v. Hoe-
flich, 383a
V. Howard, 192, 613, 614
V. Larkin, 360, 365, 372, 380
V. Lehman, 854
V. Quigley, 377
Philbrook v. Berlin-Shelbume Power
Co., 11716
V. Burgess, 636i, 675e
Philby V. Northern Pac. Ry., 570a, 673
Philipi V. Capell, 691
Phillip V. Gallant, 657
Phillips V. Chamberlain, 909a
V. Commercial Bank, 695a
OF CASES
are to sections]
Phillips V. Cudlipp, 302a
V. Dickerson, 43j
V. Dugan, 271
V. Durham & C. R. R., 120a
V. Earle, 844
V. Edsall, 302
V. Epp, 999c
V. Hall, 76
V. Herndon, 1007
V. Homfray, 334
V. Hoyle, 1270
V. Hughes, 6336
V. Kelly, 386
V. Lawrence, 351, 1042
V. London & S. W. Ry., 5 C. P.
Div.. 280; 180
V. London & S. W. Ry., 5 Q. B. D.
78; 47, 1368, 1372
V. Merrimack Mut. F. Ins. Co.,
726
V. Merritt, 750
V. O'Neal, 3016
V. Pennywit, 83
V. Philadelphia, etc., R. R., 1142
V. Rehm, 310
V. Reichert, 915, 966
V. St. Clair I. R. Co., 1171
V. St. Louis Perpetual Ins. Co., 714
V. South Park Com'rs, 331a
V. Southwestern Ry., 41, 180, 226/,
481, 485
V. Speyers, 271
V. Stevens, 999^
V. Stewart, 908
V. Taxi Service Co., 1347
V. Terry, 93
V. Vermilhon, 768
Phillips' Appeal, 514
Phillips & C. C. Co. V. Seymour, 187,
607, 6476
Philips V. WilUams, 319
Philp V. Nock, 1215, 1216, 1220, 1234,
1240
Philpot V. Evans, 636a, 758
V. Taylor, 239a, 837
Phinizy v. Guernsey, 1021
Phinney v. Baldwin, 326
V. Hubbard, 1027
Phippin p. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1357
Phipps V. Addison, 1272
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2989
Phipps V. Tarpley, 959
Phoenix, The, 587
Phoenix B. Co. «. Keystone B. Co., 685fc
Phoenix F. I. Co. v. Cochran, 720
Phoenix Ins. Co. v. Ryland, 727 ,
Phoenix J. C. Co. v. Grant, 189
Phoenix M. L. I. Co. v. Baker, 730
Phoenix Pad Co. v. U. S., 685
Phy V. Clark, 821
Phyfe V. Manhattan Ry., 132
iPiaget Novelty Co. v. Headley, 1230,
1237
Piano Manuf. Co. v. Richards, 762
Pickens v. Coal R. B. & T. Co., 363o,
942
V. McCoy, 326
I). Major, 1030
V. South Carolina & G. R. R., 226i,
868
Pickerill v. Louisville, 942
Pickering v. Bardwell, 755
V. De Rochemont, Silo
V. Trustees, 4946
Pickert v. Rugg, 517a
Picketson v. Wright, 303
Pickett V. Bates, 801
V. Crook, 368, 387
V. Wilmington & W. R. R., 574a
Pickles V. Ansonia, 1112o
Piedmont L. I. Co. v. Fitzgerald, 730
Piedmont Wagon Co. v. Hudgens, 734
Pier V. Speer, 451
Pierce v. Banton, 774
V. Benjamin, 61, 493a, 494c
V. Charter Oak Life Ins. Co., 308a
V. Conners, 574a
V. Cornell, 205
tt. Dart, 35, 1194
V. Dustin, 305
V. East Tenn., C. I. & R. R., 666
V. Faunce, 339a
V. Fothergill, 287
V. Fuller, 408, 418
V. Getchell, 381, 383o, 562
ti. Hosmer, 98
V. Jung, 416
V. Lehigh V. C. Co., 340
t>. Millay, 41, 47, 180, 226/, 481,
485
V. Plumb, 789
Pierce v. Rowe, 345
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 43J
V. Small, 1007
V. Southern Pac. Co., 851
V. Spader, 276
V. Spokane, 1360
V. Strickland, 544
V. Tenn. Coal Iron & R. Co., 90
V. Van Dyke, 529
f . Wagner, 948
V. Woodward, 86
V. Worcester & N. R. R., 1166
Piering v. Dunham Mfg. Co., 1353
Pierpont Mfg. Co. v. Goodman Prod-
uce Co., 218
Pierro v. St. Paul & N. P. Ry., 85c
Pierson v. Eagle Screw Co., 235
V. Ells, 685
V. Finney, 1258
V. Illinois C. R. R., 865
V. Spaulding, 606a
Pieser v. Minkota Milling Co., 294
Piester v. Piester, 330
Pietro G., The, 857
Pigou V. French, 785
Pike V. Daly, 920
V. Dilling, 360, 372
Pilcher v. Central of Ga. Ry., 854, 856a
V. Hickman, 4926
Pile V. Pile, 1083
Pilfold's Case, 5, 86, 913
Pilkington v. Commissioner for Claims
on France, 267
Pilkins t). Hans, 1366
Pillsbury v. Mitchell, 973
Pirn V. Greer, 664
Pinches v. Swedish Lutheran Church,
657
Pinckney v. Dambmann, 734
V. Singleton, 334
V. Weaver, 414
V. Western U. T. Co., 891
Pindall v. Bank of Marietta, 345
Pindar v. Wadsworth, 100, 950
Pine V. St. Paul City R. R., 363
V. Western Nat. Bank, 301a
Pine County v. Willard, 692e
Pineland Mfg. Co. v. Guardian Tr. Co.,
982
Pinet V. Montague, 669
2990 TABLE
[References
Pingree v. Cherokee & D. R. R., 1166
V. Coffin, 1018
Pinhom v. Tuckington, 302
Pink V. Catanich, 447
Pinkerton v. Manchester & Lawrence
Raiboad, 518
V. Randolph, 265, 933
V. Snydor, 1336
Pinkham v. Chelmsford, 1171
Pinkstaff v. People, 692c
Pinkston v. Huie, 1008, 1012
V. Taliaferro, 797
Pinney v. Andrus, 772
V. Barnes, 6d6h
V. Berry, 942
V. Winchester, 66
V. Winsted, 929a
Pinson v. Southern Ry., 573a
Piper V. Brown, 1230
V. Connelly, 936
V. Hoard, 439i
V. Kingsbury, 641a
V. Menifee, 1040, 1066
Pipher v. Bissonet, 1261
Pkie V. Steele, 715
Pirkl V. Smith, 1235
Piser V. Metropolitan Elevated Rail-
road, 1203
Pitcher v. Livingston, 958, 966, 982
V. Lowe, 734
Pitkin V. Leavitt, 148, 962, 982, 983
V. Springfield, 1151
Pitman v. Bloch Queensware Co., 169a
i>. Connor, 964
V. Self, 777
V. Universal Mar. Ins. Co., 714
Pitt V. Kellogg, 200
Pitts V. Hall, 1220, 1228
V. Tilden, 678
Pittsburgh v. Scott, 35
Pittsburg & C. R. R. v. Andrews,
860
Pittsburgh & L. E. Ry. v. Blair, 1357
V. Jones, 1157
V. Robinson, 1169
Pittsburgh & W. R. R. v. Patterson,
1295
V. Perkins, 1175
Pittsburg, A. & M. P. Ry. v. Donahue,
485
OF CASES
are to sections]
Pittsburgh, B. & B. Ry. v. McCloskey,
1142, 1163
Pittsburgh, C. & St. L. Ry. v. Heck,
753
V. Hennigh, 1326
V. Hixon, 226d, 937a, 1293
V. Lyon, 364, 368
V. Morton, 843
V. Thompson, 67o
Pittsburg, C, C. & S. L. Ry. v. Blum,
1365
V. Burton, 1367
V. Cozatt, 46a
V. Ensign, 865
V. Indiana H. Co., 935a
V. Lightheiser, 1306, 1326
V. Lynch, 1270
V. Noftsker, 924a
V. Reynolds, 865
V. Russ, 57 Fed. 822; 380
V. Russ, 67 Fed. 662; 865
V. Simons, 1356
V. Sponier, 44, 86c, 1326
V. Staley, 126o
V. Sudhoff, 1306, 1367
V. Wilson, 631
V. Wood, 857a
Pittsburgh Coal Co. v. Foster, 190
V. Northy, 734
Pittsburgh, F. W. & C. Ry. v. Lyons,
1165
V. Powers, 490
V. Swinney, 59 Ind. 100; 1166e
», Swinney, 97 Ind. 586; 317
Pittsburgh Gauge Co. v. Ashton Valve
Co., 834c, 1304
Pittsburgh H. & H. S. Co. v. Bown, 750
Pittsburg June. R. R. v. McCutcheon,
1120
Pittsburg L. Ins. Co. v. Northern C L.
Ins. Co., 778
Pittsburgh Nat. Bank v. Hall, 689
Pittsburg Sheet Manuf. Co. e. West
Penn. Sheet Steel Co., 734
Pittsburgh Southern R. R. v. Taylor,
316, 320, 387
Pittsburgh V. & C. Railway v. Bently,
1164
V. Rose, 1149
V. Vance, 1169, 1171
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2991
Pitsinowsky v. Beardsley, 316
Pixler V. Nichols, 673/
Pixley V. Clark, 33
Place V. Dodge, 316, 441
V. Dudley, 1006
Placer Co. v. Dickerson, 6926
Plaff V. Pacific Exp. Co., 844
Plaache v. Colbum, 665
Planck V. Anderson, 547
Plank Road Co. v. Rea, 1142
V. Thomas, 1142
Piano Manuf. Co. v. Downey, 689a
Plant V. Condit, 1060
V. Long Island R. R., 1115, 1185
Planters' Bank v. Union Bank, 278, 819
Planters' M. I. Co. v. Rowland, 725
Plate V. N. Y. C. R. R., 86c
Plath V. Braunsdorff, 457
Piatt V. Brand, 636d, 1059
V. Brown, 233, 234, 359
V. Continental Ins. Co., 341, 724
V. Gilchrist, 973
V. Grand Trunk R. R., 965
V. Milford, 1163
V. Pennsylvania Co., 1148
V. Root, 941
Platter v. Seymour, 109, 1108
Plattsmouth v. Boeck, 1141
Plaunt V. Railway Transfer Co., 1349
Playford v. United Kingdom Tel. Co.,
878
Pleasants v. Heard, 1326
V. North Beach & M. R. R., 101
Plevin V. Henshall, 1075
Plimpton V. Gardiner, 1265
Plow Co. V. Ins. Co., 722
Plozke V. Detroit U. Ry., 1347
Plowman v. McLean, 279c
Plum V. City of Kansas, 331a
V. Mitchell, 1012
Plumb V. Campbell, 301, 736, 763
V. Ives, 1268
V. McGannon, 99
V. Woodmansee, 682
Plumer v. Prescott, 943
V. Simonton, 1007
Plumleigh v. Dawson, 99
Plummert). Harbut, 265, 381, 383a, 545,
943
V. Johnson, 1335
Plummer v. Milan, 486
V. Penobscot L. A., 136, 324, 948
V. Ridgon, 1008, 1011, 1012, 1020
Plunkett w. Meredith, 618
V. Minneapolis, S. S. M. & A. Ry.,
437
Plymouth v. Graver, 316, 318, 320
V. R. R., 1152a, 1167
Plymouth Co. v. Kerseborm, 6926
Plympton v. WobiuB, 1172o
Poehlmann v. Kertz, 639
Poett V. Streans, 270
Pogue V. Keweah P. & W. Co., 408
Poillon V. Volkenning, 681a
Poindexter v. King, 270
Poingdestre v. Royal Exchange, 715
Point St. Iron Works v. Turner, 239,
982, 983
Poland V. MUler, 766
Polhemus v. Heiman, 762a, 1060
Polhemus Printing Co. v. Hallenbeck,
678
Polhill V. Walter, 837
Poll V. Numa Block Coal Co., 1355
Polk V. Allen, 493
V. Daly, 665, 667
V. Fancher, 360, 373a
Pollard V. Herries, 700
V. Pollard, 301c
V. Porter, 107c, 679a
Pollard, Ex parte, 415
Pollitt V. Long, 189, 941
Pollen V. LeRoy, 753, 755
Pollock V. Coleglazure, 273
V. Ehle, 308
V. Gantt, 44o, 127, 378, 682,
1269
V. Maysville & B. S. R. R., 1149
V. Whipple, 685Z
Polly V. McCall, 91
Pomerine Co. v. White, 226/
Pomeroy v. Burnett, 973
V. Smith, 76
Ponce V. Smith, 762
Pond V. Baker, 497
V. Harris, 240, 607, 629
V. Merrifield, 107d
V. MetropoHtan El. R. R., 95,
1187, 1190
V. Wyman, 667
2992
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Pond-Decker Lumber Co. v. Spencer,
846o
Ponsonby v. Adams, 395
Pontalba v. Phoenix Ass. Co., 724
Pontiac v. Carter, 1108
Pontifex v. Bignold, 100
Pool V. Adkisson, 834
V. Devers, 445, 447
V. Southern Pac. R. R., 574o
V. Walker, 752
Poole V. Falls Road Electric Ry., 1116
V. Mitchell, 931
V. Symonds, 76
V. Whitcomb, 108
Poor V. Gibson, 69
Pope V. Barrett, 292, 305, 811, 819
V. Benster, 565d, 944
V. Campbell, 635
V. Filby, 755
V. Graniteville Mfg. Co., 614
». Jenkins, 633, 536a
V. United States, 999e
». Welsh, 451
». Western Union Telegraph Co.,
880
Pope Metal Co. v. Sandoval Zinc Co.,
737
Poposkey v. Munkwitz, 185, 218, 984,
984a
Poppers V. Meager, 411, 419
Poppleton V. Jones, 312
Pordage v. Cole, 636n
Pordeaux v. Cave, 973
Port V. Jackson, 786, 789
Port Blakely Mill Co. v. Sharkey, 854
Port Royal v. Graham, 337
PorteouB V. Hazel, 943, 1368
Porter v. Allen, 596
V. Botkins, 452
V. Bradley, 970, 975, 979, 988
V. Burkett, 613, 614
V. Dunn, 6736
V. D., L. & W. Ry., 43i
V. Duval Co., 6336
V. Grimsley, 305
V. Hannibal & S. J. R. R., 44, 47
V. Henderson, 449
V. Hildebrand, 873
V. Hopkins, 685fc
V. Hundred of Regland, 1288
Porter v. Johnson, 134
V. Knight, 682, 682a
V. Metropolitan Elevated Railway,
1189
V. Midland Ry., 95, 924a
V. Munger, 308
V. New England, The, 862
V. Patterson, 311
V. Russek, 306
V. Sayward, 554
V. Seller, 372
V. Stanley, 692e
V. State, 789
V. Travis, 1023
V. Tull, 999c
V. Woods, 660, 662, 1039
Porter Needle Co. v. National Needle
Co., 1224
Porterfield v. Bond, 1110
Portis V. Merrill, 331
Portland v. Lee Sam, 1168
Portland & Rochester R. R. v. Deering,
1165c, 1169
Portman v. Middleton, 153, 240, 618
Portland Bank v. Stubbs, 841
Portland Co. v. Searle, 752
Portsmouth, City of, 1350
Portsmouth Ins. Co. v. Brazee, 713
Portsmouth Sav. Bank v. Yeiser, 1016
Portsmouth St. R. R. v. Reed, 573a
Posey V. Garth, 659
V. Mayer, 325
Post V. Mtna, Ins. Co., 727
V. Campau, 968
V. Doremus, 688
V. Hartford St. Ry., 36o
V. Hampshire M. F. I. Co., 726
V. Jones, 599c
V. Munn, 171a
V. Olmsted, 1367
V. West Shore Ry., 1334
Post Pub. Co. V. Butler, 448a
V. Hallam, 446
Postal T. C. Co. V. Alabama & V. R. R.,
1152a
V. Barwise, 888
V. Beal, 8816
V. Bruen, 11496
V. Coote, 1354
V. Hulsey, 123
TABLE OF CASES
2993
[References
Postal T. C. Co. V. Lathrop, 891
V. Likes, 485
V. Louisville C. O. Co., 891
V. Louisiana W. R. R., 1176
V. Morgan's L. & T. R. R. & S. S.
Co., 1165, 1176
V. Nichols, 885
V. Peyton, 1334
V. Schaefer, 875, 885
V. Sunset Const. Co., 881o
V. Talerico, 882
V. Terrell, 45o, 47, 894
Posthoff V. Bauendahl, 431
Poston V. Jones, 999d
Potapsco V. Magee, 538
Potomac, The, 196, 593
Potomac Co. v. Union Bank, 339
Potomac Power Co. v. Burchell, 410
Potter V. Ahrens, 418
V. Chicago & N. W. R. R., 21 Wis.
372; 575
V. Chicago & N. W. R. R., 22 Wis.
615; 1328
V. Froment, 1265
ti. Greene, 673a
V. Lansing, 554a
V. McPherson, 412
V. Mellen, 98 i
V. Merchants' Bank, 256
V. MetropoUtan Ry., 1370
V. Necedah Lumber Co., 439a, 439d
V. Ocean Ins. Co., 715
V. Providence Washington Ins. Co.,
712
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 1367
V. Scale, 1328
V. Taylor, 968, 979
V. Thompson, 1326, 1328, 1330
V. Truitt, 999e
V. Western U. T. Co., 894
Potts V. Chicago C. Ry., 481, 485
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 1154
V. Western U. T. Co., 894c
Potvin V. West Bay City Shipbuilding
Co., 1359
Poughkeepsie & Eastern Railroad, In
re, 1185
Poulton V. Lattimore, 1038
Pounder v. Northeastern Railway, 150
Pounsett V. Fuller, 1002, 1004, 1017
188
are to sections]
Pow V. Davis, 236, 837, 838
Powe V. Powe, 278
Powel V. Hord, 547
Powell V. Burroughs, 405, 416, 999o
V. Columbia, 1140
V. Hinsdale, 542
V. Horrell, 310o
V. Horton, 762
V. Howard, 657
V. Martyr, 310&
V. Monson & B. M. Co., 922
V. Nevada C. & O. Ry., 1361
V. Peck, 325
V. Ong, 256
V. Salisbury, 125a
V. Smith, 785
V. Trustees of Newburgh, 834
Power V. Fleming, 431
V. Harlow, 481
V. Whitmore, 717
Powers V. Council Bluffs, 95
V. Manhattan Ry., 363, 1192
V. Maravia, 1349
V. Presgroves, 449
V. Tilley, 504
e. Walker, 612a
V. Ware, 86
V. Wheatley, 640a
V. Wilson, 673/
Praed v. Graham, 1326
Prader v. Grimm, 236, 685m
Prairie Farmer Co. v. Taylor, 1061
Pratt V. Davis, 171a
V. Greenwich & J. Ry., 1365
V. Hampe, 467
V. Hudson R. R. R., 6226
V. Manhattan L. Ins. Co., 301
V. Menkens, 1031, 1042
V. Paine, 607
V. Pond, 381, 387
V. S. Freeman & Sons Manuf . Co.,
753
Pray v. Wasdell, 688a
Preble v. Bottom, 6556
Predmore v. Consumers' L. & P. Co.,
1367
Prehn v. Royal Bank, 171o, 622, 707,
1310a
Preiser v. Weilandt, 43j
Prentice v. Elliott, 310a
2994
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Prentice v. Pickersgill, 12866
Prentiss ti. Ledyard, 674
V. Shaw, 466
Presbrey v. Old Colony & N. R. R.,
1172a
Prescott V. Otterstatter, 993
V. Robinson, 44
V. Tousey, 445
V. Trueman, 967, 970, 973
V. Walton, 1326
President of Newburyport Bank v.
Stone, 800
President, The, 864
Preslar v. Stallworth, 807
Press Pub. Co. v. McDonald, 368, 377,
380a, 385, 445
V. Monroe, 361, 12466
Presser v. Hildenbrand, 1016
Pressman v. Mooney, 580
Prestman v. Silljacks, 943
Preston v. Cedar Rapids, 1177
V. Frey, 451
V. Walker, 345
Prestridge ,u. Irwin, 310
Prestwood v. Carlton, 990e
V. McGowin, 959
V. Watson, 906, 910
Prettyman v. Oregon Ry. & N. Co.,
844
Prevo V. Lathrop, 324a
Prewitt V. Southwestern T. & T. Co.,
1369
Prewitt-Spurr Mfg. Co. v. Woodall, '67o
Price V. Clapp, 382
V. Deal, 970, 975, 979
V. Eisen, 984, 984a
V. Green, 418
V. Great W. Ry., 290
V. High Shoals Mfg. Co., 99, 224
V. Justrobe, 2795, 734
V. Keyes, 59
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1363
V. Murray, 134, 930
V. Peterson, 3116
V. Reeves, 270
V. Reynolds, 1039, 1040
V. Ships Small Dainage Iris. Assoc,
716
V. The Uriel, 844
V. Wright, 172
are to sections]
Price & Lucas C. & V. Co. v. Haley,
1356
Prickett v. Badger, 834o
V. Ritter, 999j
Pridgen v. Andrews, 325
Pridgin v. Strickland, 493a
Priebe v. Mooreland, 226^
Priest V. Eide, 336
V. Nichols, 214
Priestly V. Northern Indiana & C. R.
R., 165, 190, 856
Prignitz V. McTieman, 251
Prime V. Eastwood, 47, 444(i
Primrose v. Western U. T. Co., 154,
876, 890
Prince V. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 361
V. Conner, 493
V. Socialistic C. P. Assoc, 363
V. State M. L. I. Co., 370, 603
Princeton v. Gieske, 1110
Pringle v. Spaulding, 1007
Printing Assoc, t. Smith, 448, 448c
Pritchard v. Edison E. I. Co., 948
V. Fox, 762
V. Hewitt, 1368
V. Long, 929
V. Martin, 665, 666, 667, 674
Prichard v. Mulhall, 1023
Pritchett V. Boevey, 236, 241, 463, 1257
Probate Court v. Bates, 57
V. Slason, 106, 692fc
Probate Judge v. Heydock, 692y
Proctor V. Houghtaling, 451
Procter v. Southern Cal R. R., 47
Producers' Oil Co. v. Barnes, 1331
Pronskevitch v. Chicago & A. Ry., 1309,
1358
Propeller Monticello v. Mollison, 67o
Property Co. v. Westj 622
Proprietors of the Quincy Canal v.
Newcomb, 35
Proprietors of Locks & Canals v. Lowell
Horse R. R., 240
V. Nashua & L. R. R., 1119, 1154c
Proprietors of Mills v. Randolph, 1161
Propsom V. Leatham, 1348
Prospect Park & C. I. R. R., Matter of,
1185
Prosser v. Jones, 121d, 151
V. Whitney, 688
TABLE OF CASES
2995
[ReferfenCes
Proudlove v. Twemlow, 61, 990o
Prouty V. Bell, 1262
V. Lake S. & M. S. Ry., 324o
Providence, The, 592, 593
Providence & W. R. R. v. Worcester,
1171
Providence Rubber Co. v. Goodyear,
1243
Providence-Washington Ins. Co. v.
Western U. T. Co., 881
Provident S. L. A. Soo. v. Johnson, 1335
Prowell V. Waterloo, 1347
Prude V. Sebastian, 182b
Prueitt V. Cheltenham Quarry Co.,
363o, 364, 365, 366
Pruett V. Western U. T. Co., 881
Pruitt V. Cox, 66, 473, 476
Pruyn v. Milwaukee, 326, 337
Pryce v. Belcher, 1257
Pryor v. Foster, 4396, 754, 990c
V. Metropolitan St. R. R., 482a
Pucket V. St. Louis, etc., Ry., 84a
Pueblo, City of, u. Strait, 1123
Puget Sound Com. Co. v. The Taylor,
587
Pugh V. McCarty, 449
V. McRae, 551
V. Porter Bros. Co., 822
Pugmire v. Oregon S. L. R. R., 1270o
Pugsley V. Gillespie, 1024
V. Ring, 93
Pujol B. McKinlay, 307, 313a
Pulaski G. L. Co. v. McClintock, 1367
Pulaski Stave Co. v. Miller's Creek
Lumber Co., 162
PuUen V. Boston E. Ry., 172
V. Chase, 302a
Puller V. Staniforth, 858, 1034
PulUng V. Great Eastern Ry., 573
Pullman v. Coming, 656, 659
Pullman Co. v. Cox, 47, 864
V. Custer, 1342
V. Krauss, 873n
V. Pennock, 1342
Pulhnan P. C. Co. v. Barker, 121&, 868,
869, 873a
V. Bluhm, 221/
V. Booth, 873o
V. Fowler, 1342
V. King, 865
are to sections]
Pullman P. C. Co. v. Gavin, 873o
V. Lawrence, 380, 385, 134S
V. Lowe, 873a
V. McDonald, 865
V. Matthews, 873a
V. Nelson, 873a, 1342
V. Polloek, 873aj
V. Reed, 873a
V. Trimble, 884a
Pullman Co. v. Lutz, 371o
Puis V. Powelson, 1353
Pumpelly v. Green Bay Co., 1107,
1116
i;. Phelps, 1011
Pungs V. American Brake Beam Co.,
316
Puiiteney-Mitohell Manuf . Co. v. T. G.
Northwall Co., 772
Purcell V. Blannerhassett, 340a
V. Daly, 8736
V. Lauer, 1216, 1367
V. St. Paul C. Ry., 43ft, 1216, 860
V. Wilson, 922
Purdom Naval Stores Co. v. Western
U. T. Co., 882
Purdy V. Philips, 302a
Pure Oi! Co. v. Terry, 691a
Puritan Coke Co. v. Clark, 752
Pursell V. Fry, 314
Pusey V. Allegheny, 1120
Puterbaugh v. Puterbaugh, 1016
Putnam v. Douglas, 1130, 1148
V. Lewis, 301
V. Lomax, 1231
V. Ritchie, 916
V. Wise, 762
Putney v. Lapham, 75
Putney Bros. Co. v. Milwaukee li. H.
& T. Co., 1150
Putz V. St. Paul Gas Light Co., 1347
Pye V. British Automobile Co., 6206
V. Faxon, 927
Pym V. Great Northern Ry., 573o
Quain v. Russell, 1248
Qualy V. Johnson, 905, 906
Quarles v. George, 737
V. Quarles, 301o
2996 TABLE
IReferences
Quarman v. Burnett, 810
Quay V. Duluth, S. I. & A. Ry., 199,
436
Queen v. Brown, 1080
V. Cambrian Ry., 1098
V. Doolan, 1067
V. Eastern Counties Ry., 1093,
1108
V. Great Northern Ry., 1096
V. Hubert, 95
V. Metropolitan Board of Works,
1096, 1097
V. Poulter, 1104
V. Vaughan, 1097
Queen, The, 588, 599
Queen City Bank v. Brown, 1031
Queen Ins. Co. v. Jefferson Ice Co.,
302
V. McCoin, 722
Quigley v. Central P. R. R., 5 Sawy.
107; 47
«. Central P. R. R., 11 Nev. 350;
359, 481, 1326
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 67
Quill V. Southern Pac. Ry., 575
Quillen v. Betts, 98, 101
Quin V. Bay State Distilling Co., 310,
314
V. Moore, 98, 109
Quinby v. Strauss, 439fc
V. Minn. Tribune Co., 449
Quincy v. Jones, 1108
Quincy Coal Co. v. Hood, 575
Quincy, M. & P. R. R. v. Bidge,
1140
Quinn v. Baldwin Star Coal Co., 685&
V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry.,
942
V. Lloyd, 271
V. Long Island R. R., 481
V. O'Keefe, 1354
V. Scott, 448a
V. Silka, 685A;
V. South C. Ry., 360, 380
V. Van Pelt, 30, 831
Quinnipiac Brewing Co. v. Hackbarth,
691
Quint i;. Dimond, 937
Quirk V. Siegel-Cooper Co., 1356
Quivey v. Hall, 334
OF CASES
are to sections]
R. F. Scott Grocery Co. v. Kelly, 565a,
565c
R. H. White Co. v. Jerome H. Remick
& Co., 636s
R. J. Menz Lumber Co. v. McNeeley,
734
Rabb V. Patterson, 908
Rabboni, The, 597a
Rabe v. Schoenberger Coal Co., 925
Rabinowitz v. Cohen, 446
Racine v. Erie R. R., 1367
Radcliff V. Brooklyn, 1108, 1113, 1115,
1182, 1185
Rader v. Yeargin, 692j
Radley v. Seider, 1256
Radloff V. Haase, 106
Radjaviller v. Third Ave. R. R., 1353
Raeside v. Hamm, 772
Rafferty v. Buckman, 583, 1248
V. Davis, 909a
V. Erie R. R., 1367
Ragan v. Kansas City & S. E. R. R.,
1140, 1151, 1171
Ragland v. Conqueror Zinc Cos., 616
V. Norfolk & Washington (D. C.)
Steamboat Co., 1342
RagsdaJe v. Ezell, 1345
Rahm v. Deig, 156, 734
Rahway v. Crowell, 692&
Rail V. Little Falls Lumber Co., 750
Railey v. Hopkins, 564, 565
Railroad v. Androscoggin Mills, 846
V. Berry, 873
V. Cabinet Co., 419, 856a
V. Cable Co., 1149
V. Combs, 1134, 1293
V. Foreman, 1144
V. Fox, 1130
V. Fraloff, 851
V. Freeman, 1154
i;. Gesner, 331a
V. Holmes, 318
■ V. Hughes, 1143
V. Hutchins, 504, 934
V. Keith, 226a
V. Kirby, 1130
V. Lackland, 235a
V. Levy, 878
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
2997
Railroad v. Linthicum, 574o
V. Littler, 1154
V. Lockwood, 268
V. O'Connor, 1141
V. Pratt, 846
V. Reeves, 119
V. Roberts, 368
V. Root, 1244
V. Sav. Union, 1155
V. Simon, 851
V. Southern S. & C. Co., 161
i;. Smith, 647a
V. Telegraph Co., 1149
V. Trustees, 221
V. Turrill, 1244
V. Tyree, 1144, 1162
V. Wyrick, 573a
Railway Advertising Co. v. Standard
R. C. Co., 178 N. Y. 570; 636c
V. Standard R. C. Co., 83 App.
Div. 191; 608
Raines v. Calloway, 975
V. New York Press Co., 384a
Rainey v. Hinds County, 1123
V. Kemp, 3836
Rains v. Herring, 565c
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 573,
675
Rajnowski v. Detroit, B. C. & A. R. R.,
117
Raleigh & A. L. R. R. v. Wicker, 1148,
1165
Raleigh L. Co. v. Wilson, 1059
Rail V. Cook, 82, 1069
Ralli V. New York & T. S. S. Co., 590,
596
V. Rockmore, 6366, 737
Ralph V. Eldridge, 789
Ralph B. Carter Co. v. Fischer, 2126
Ralston v. Bank of California, 4926, 517
• V. The State Rights, 364, 587
V. Wood, 797
Ramish v. Kirschbraun, 735c
Ramlose v. DoUman, 419
Ramsay v. Davis, 12866
V. Gardner, 834
V. Meade, 625
V. People, 692/
Ramsey v. Holmes Electric Protective
Co., 633
Ramsey v. Hurley, 256
V. Maberry, 611
V. Perth Amboy S. & E. Co., 205
V. Wallace, 959
Ramsden's Case, 1260
Ranck v. Albright, 664, 673e
V. Cedar Rapids, 1169
Rand v. Barrett, 334
V. Boston, 1119
V. Butte E. Ry., 1345
V. White M. R. R., 736, 753
V. Webber, 1053
Randall v. American F. I. Co., 724
V. Carpenter, 237, 685/
V. Duff, 304
V. Evening News Assoc, 445, 451
V. Greenhood, 293, 545
V. Newson, 124, 164a, 765
V. Raper, 191, 768
V. Sprague, 857
V. Western U. T. Co., 8946
Randell v. Mallett, 973, 974
V. Trimen, 239a, 837
V. Wheble, 547
Randleman v. Taylor, 534
Randolf v. Bloomfield, 948
Randolph v. People, 334
V. Town Site, 331a
Randon v. Barton, 516c, 734, 745
Raney v. Baron, 688
Rangenier v. Seattle Electric Co., 1356
Ranger v. Hearne, 745
Rank v. Rank, 1261
Rankin v. Harper, 1048
V. Mitchell, 493
V. Pacific R. R., 854
V. Pittsburg, 1151
Ranlet v. Concord R. R., 1168
Rannels v. Washington Univ., 922
Ransberry v. North American Transp.,
etc., R. R., 864
Ransom v. Cobb, 334
V. Halcott, 550
V. McCurley, 346
V. New York, 1229
V. New York & E. Ry., 481
Ransone v. Christian, 49 Ga. 491; 452
i). Christian, 66 Ga. 351; 96
Rantz V. Barnes, 36a
Rany v. Governor, 6926
2998
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Rapelie v. Emory, 311a
Raphe! v. Burt, 774
Rapid Transit Ry. v. Allen, 172, 1262
V. Smith, 123
Rapson v. Cubitt, 482, 810
Rash V. Jenne, 959
Ratcliff V. Baird, 673
Ratliff V. Huntley, 364, 366
Ratteree v. Chapman, 316
Rau V. Minn. V. R. R., 70
Raupman v. Evansville, 237
Ravenscroft v. Eyles, 544, 605
Raver v. Webster, 683
Rawitzer v. St. Paul City Ry., 1372
Rawlings v. Adams, 681
V. Anheuser-Busch Brewing Assoc,
334
V. Clyde, P. & M. R. R., 1216
V. Morgan, 999A
V. Wabash R. R., 864
Rawlins v. Vidvard, 1254
Rawls V. American M. L. I. Co., 729
Rawson v. Clark, 655c
V. Dole, 552, 553, 554
V. Grow, 302a
V. Leggett, 1337
V. Pratt, 990e
V. Samuel, 1031
Rau V. Haines, 673a
u. Justices, 692A;
V. Light, 256
Raybourn v. Ramsdell, 993
Rayburn v. Central Iowa Ry., 1355
V. Comstock, 614
V. Day, 298
Raymond v. Andrews, 909, 910
V. Cooper, 789
V. Edelbrock, 413
V. Green, 237, 682o
V. Isham, 308, 311
V. Keseberg, 172
V. McKinney, 3406
V. Traffarn, 1260
V. Williams, 310
V. Yarrington, 632
Raymore Realty Co. v. Pfotenhauer-
Neabit Co., 742
Rayner v. Clark, 678
V. Jones, 606o, 611, 734
V. Kinney, 447
Rayner v. Nims, 365, 384a
V. Valentin Blatz Brew. Co., 182,
1826, 189, 987
Razzo V. Varni, 941, 1203
Raynolds v. Vinier, 1335
Raynowski v. Detroit B. C. & A. R. R.,
1303
Rea V. Harrington, 360, 377, 385, 443
V. Minkler, 970
V. Rea, 921
V. St. Louis S. W. Ry., 1270o
Rea-Patterson Mill Co. v. Myrick, 1331
Reab v. M'Alister, 298, 1039
V. Moor, 673/
Read v. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 574
V. Great Eastern Ry., 571c
V. Mutual Safety Ins. Co., 719
V. Spaulding, 119, 119d
Reade v. Street, 334
Readfield v. Shaver, 629e
Reading v. Commonwealth, 946
1). Donovan, 199
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 226/
Reading & P. R. R. v. Bathasar, 331o
Reading Ins. Co. v. Egelhoff, 722
Reading Stove Works v. Howes, 1246c
Readington v. DiUey, 1167
Reagan R. B. Co. v. Dickson C. W.
Co., 742a
Ream v. Watkins, 667
Reamer v. Morrison Exp. Co., 1326
Reardon v. San Francisco, 1118
Rearick v. Wilcox, 4485
Reason v. Wirdnam, 805
Reaves v. Anniston Knitting Mills, 43ff
Reba, The, 587
Rebecca, The, 594
Rebecca Clyde, The, 336
Recohs V. Younglove, 976
Rectenbaugh v- Northwestern Port
Huron Co., 240
Rector v. Mark, 340
Rector-Wilhelmy Co. v. Nisson, 1298
Red V. Augusta, 183
Reddin v. Gates, 41, 386, 489
Redding v. Godwin, 257, 778, 1030
Reddington v. Gilman, 344
Redfern v. Smith, 950
Redfield v. Bartels, 340
!;. Haight, 789, 793a, 804
TABLE
[References
Redfield v. Oakland Consol. St. R. R.,
577, 1367
V. Redfield, 360, 365, 1345
V. Ystalyfera Iron Co., 335, 34Q
Redington v. Nunan, 226c
V. Pacific P. T. Co., 876
V. Postal T. C. Co., 892
Redmond v. American Mfg. Co., 538
Redon v. Caffin, 188, 932
Red River & L. W. R. R. v. Sture, 1156
Redwood V. M. R. R., 360
Reece v. Knott, 334
Reed v. Bias, 265, 929a
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. R. R., 1151
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R., 171,
171o
V. Chicago, St. P., M. & O. Ry.,
1350
V. Clark, 638, 6386, 640o
V. Davis, 930o
V. Detroit, 2216
V. Ford, 433
V. Hamilton, 966, 973
V. Hanover B. R. R., 331o, 1151
V. Hayt, 751
V. Holloway, 777
V. Jones, 339a
V. Keith, 363
V. Lawrence, 1231, 1243
V. McConnell, 613, 1294
V. New York & R. Gas Co., 378,
380, 929, 1334
V. Norris, 801
V. Ohio & M. Ry., 253
V. Paul, 972
V. Pierce, 973, 979
V. Price, 69
V. Queen Anne's R. R., 574o
V. Reed, 339a
V. Rodgers, 317
V. Rome, W. & O. R. R., 1208
V. Vastine, 363a
V. Wall, 1160
V. Ward, 9996
V. Western U. T. Co., 892
Reed Lumber Co. v. Lewis, 152, 156
Reed's Petition, 1173
Reeder v. Purdy, 41 111. 279; 70
V. Purdy, 48 111. 261; 363, 365,
372
OF CASES 2999
are to sectiojis]
Reeder v. TruUinger, 1021
Reems v. New Orleans G. N. R. R.>
1352
Reeks v. Seattle Electric Co., 1356
Rees V. Peltzef, 685m
Reese V. Gordon, 695
V. McQuilkin, 959, 960
V. Miles, 762
V. Rutherford, 324a
V. Smith, 977
V. Steams, 270
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894
Reeve v. Gallivan, 737
Reeves v. Andrews, 107d
V. Cress, 734
V. John, 665
V. Lane, 343
«. ?ilcComeskey, 999c
V. Penrose, 363o, 3835
V. PuUiam, 807
V. Stipp, 331, 411
V. Toronto, 1110
V. Winn, 377, 385, 445
Regan V. New York, N- H. & H. R. R.,
67a, 315, 317, 318
Regepsperger v. Kiefer, 364, 44Sd
Regent's Canal Co., 1082
Reger v. Rochester R. R., 1367
Reget V. Bell, 1252
Reggio V. Braggiotti, 236, 238, 241, 762,
773, 982
Regina v. Fall, 103, IO9
V. Grand Trunk R. R., 330
V. Henderson, 338
V. Justices of West Riding, 1368
. V. Pearce, 1090
Regina M. B. Co. v. Otto, 1243
Regis p. Co. V. Santa Clara L. Co., 636^
Regor V. Rochester Ry., 1373
Reiber 0. Butler, etc., R. B., 1161
Reichenbach v. Sage, 419
Reichert v. Blaokenstross, 942
Reid ». Dunklin, 556
V. FairbaijJss, 499, 506a
V. Furnival, 703
V. Johnson, 626
ti. Rensselaer Glass Factory, 312
V. Terwilliger, 1254
Reidhar v. Berger, 467
Reiger v. Worth, 191, 764, 768
3000
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Reilly v. Connors, 646
V. Ft. Dodge, 1112a
V. Jones, 410, 414
Reilley v. McMinn, 406
Reilly v. Manhattan R. R., 120Sc
V. Sicilian Asphalt Paving Co., 85c
Reindel v. Schell, 408, 1274
Reiner v. Jones, 991
Reisan v. Mott, 456
Reisenberg v. New York City Ry., 1334
Reisert v. New York, 948
Reisnerw. Atchison U. D. & R. R., 1148,
1154
Reiss V. New York Steam Co., 128 N.
Y. 103; 316
V. New York Steam Co., 59 N. Y.
Super. Ct. 57; 318, 319
V. Wilmington City Ry., 484
Reitenbaugh v. Ludwick, 514
Reiter ». Morton, 193
Reiter-Conley Mfg. Co. v. Hamlin, 674a
Reizenstein v. Clark, 382
Relf V. Rapp, 851
Reliance L. Co. v. Western U. T. Co.,
881
Relyea v. New Haven Rolling Mill Co.,
1068
Remelee v. Hall, 90, 636flr, 666
Remington v. Eastern R. R., 308a
i). Kirby, 363
Remmers v. Seky, 673d
Remy v. Olds, 636(i
Rend v. Boord, 308a, 310
Randall v. Hayward, 1368
Renfro v. Hughes, 55, 494, 515
Renick v. Orser, 553, 554
Renihan v. Wright, 45
Renkert v. Elliott, 370, 681a, 683
Renn v. Spiers, 675a
Renne v. U. S. Leather Co., 1357
Rennell v. Kimball, 341
Renner v. Canfield, 43/
Reno V. Kingsbury, 535, 537, 538
V. Mendenhall, 9996
Reno, The, 589
Rens V. Grand Rapids, 1042
Rensselaer Glass Factory v. Reid, 283,
296
Renwick v. Davenport R. R., 1148,
1154, 1157
Redpath v. Western U. T. Co., 876
Reporters' Assoc, v. Sun P. & P. Assoc,
1261
Republican Pub. Co. v. Conroy, 364
V. Mosman, 443, 448c, 451
Respectable A. I. F. R. Association v.
Eagleson, 325
Respini v. Porta, 9996
Respublica v. Mitchell, 338
V. Nicholson, 336
Ressegiew v. Sioux City, 1112a
Resser v. Carney, 977
V. Corwin, 999/
Retan v. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry., 1326
Revell V. Smith, 685/
Rex V. Gill, 118
V. Merchants' Ins. Co., 725
V. Mountford, 1098, 1102
V. Sedger, 1171c
V. Young, 1160a
Rexford v. Comstock, 308a
0. Knight, 1187
Rexter v. Starin, 226/
Reyenthaler w. Philadelphia, 1163
Reynolds v. Braithwaite, 226(7, 363a,
366, 941
V. Bridge, 416, 418
V. Callender, 751
V. Chandler R. Co., 224
V. Cox, 1028, 1053
V. Dickson, 1032
ti. Franklin, 778, 1030
V. Jones, 85
V. Jourdan, 6556
ti. Levi, 607
V. Manhattan Trust Co., 733a
V. Mardis, 310a
II. Narragansett E. L. Co., 674o
V. Ocean Ins. Co., 711
V. Reynolds, 909a
V. Robinson, 664a, 671
V. Shuler, 55
V. Smith, 1346
V. Tucker, 448c
V. WiUiams, 931
Rhemke v. Clinton, 76, 296, 317
Rhea «. Swain, 959
Rheinfeldt v. Dahlman, 497
Rhey v. Ebensburg & S. P. R. Co., 627
Rhind v. Freedley, 734
TABLE
[References
Rhine v. Morris, lOTi
Rhinelander v. Pennsylvania Ins. Co.,
711
Rhinesmith v. Erie R. R., 485o
Rhoda V. Alameda County, 944
Rhoades v. Chesapeake & O. Ry., 666
V. Selsey, 289
Rhoads v. Chicago & A. Ry., 584o
V. Woods, 78
Rhodes V. Airedale D. Comrs., 1090
V. Auld, 685A
V. Baird, 188, 988, 988a
V. Burkart, 689o
V. Cleveland Rolling Mill Co., 636a,
636c, 753
V. Clute, 655
V. Granby Cotton Mills, 366
V. Rodgers, 386
V. Sperry & Hutchinson Co., 1343
Rhode Island, The, 2 Blatch. 113; 593
Rhode Island, The, Olcott, 505; 592
Rhode Island, The, 1 Abb. Adm. 100;
593
Rhys V. Dare Valley Ry., 331a
Ribich V. Lake Superior Smelting Co.,
1359
Rice V. Ashland County, 305
!). Baker, 988
V. Baxendale, 844
V. Boston, P. & S. A. Soc, 301c
V. Cassells, 536
V. Coolidge, 1261
V. Cook, 685a
V. Cottrel, 448a, 448(f
V. Council Bluffs, 47
V. Crescent City R. R., 570
V. Danville, L. & N. T. R. R., 1138o
V. Des Moines, 228
V. Dudley, 999/
V. Forsyth, 760
V. Goddard, 1053
V. HoUenbeck, 499, 934
V. Indianapolis & St. L. R. R., 844
V. Manley, 246, 739
V. Nickerson, 469
V. Olin, 1030
V. Ontario Steamboat Co., 274, 845
V. Partello, 6556
V. Reece, 1348
V. Rice, 13 Ind. 562; 688
OP CASES 3001
are to sections]
Rice V. Rice, 104 Mich. 371; 171o,
480b
V. Shealy, 346
V. Whitmore, 191, 984
Rich V. Bell, 554
V. Johnson, 3016, 966, 981
V. New York El. R. R., 11986
V. Rich, 101, 107a
V. Seneca Falls, 346
V. Smith, 762
V. Western U. T. Co., 894
Rich G. D. Co. v. Western U. T. Co.,
889
Richard v. Bent, 968, 979
V. Shaw, 734
Richard Liford's Case, 1034
Richards v. Citizens' Natural Gas Co.,
320
V. Edick, 410, 417, 679, 1024
«. Gilmore, 549
V. Green, 685ff, 685i
V. Iowa H. Co., 979
V. McPherson, 328
V. Morse, 686
V. New York, N. H. & H. R. R.,
107c
V. Rose, 1308
V. Sandford, 1368
V. Shaw, 1059
V. Westcott, 873
V. Whittle, 789
Richardson v. Allen, 685a, 685j
V. Ashby, 256
V. Atlantic C. L. R. R., 366
V. Barker, 460
V. Campbell, 331
V. Centerville, 1149
V. Chasen, 1257
V. Chynoweth, 164, 742
V. Diss, 325
V. Dorr, 973
V. Dunn, 241a, 829
V. Eagle M. Works, 90, 666
V. Flournoy, 301
V. Futrell, 278
V. Gordon, 999/
V. Hartman, 667
V. Huston, 383c
V. Jankofsky, 565
V. Jones, 107a
3002
[References
Richardson v. Levee Commissioners,
1123
V. McFadden, 774
V. Mason, 762
V. Mellish, 665
V. Missouri F. B. Co., 1371
V. Nelson, 486b
V. Northrup, 191, 434, 937
V. Nourse, 717
V. Parrott's Heirs, 310
V. People's Nat. Bank, 689
V. Presnall, 705
V. Richardson, 678
V. Roberts, 452
V. Robertson, 1074
V. St. Louis & H. Ry., 1357
V. Sanborn, 695, 1050
V. Scott's Bluff County, 673c
V. Sioux City, 1172o
V. State, 692/
V. Vt. Central R. R., 1108, 1115
V. Webster City, 932, 1148
V. Wilmington & W. R. R., 370
V. Woehler, 407
Richey v. Union C. L. I. Co., 193a, 208,
834c
Richey & Gilbert Co. v. Northern Pac.
Ry., 843a
Richland County v. Owen, 692o
Richman v. Ri^jhman, 676
Richmond v. Ames, 968, 970, 982, 983
V. Bronson, 246, 295, 317
V. Chicago & W. M. Ry., 574a
V. Dubuque & S. C. R. R., 613
V. Irons, 340a
V. Roberts, 637, 638, 1328
V. Shickler, 370, 1251, 1254
V. The D. & S. C. R. R., 636re
V. Union Steamboat Co., 853
Richmond & D. R. R. v. Allison, 485a,
860
V. Chamblin, 1169
I: Chandler, 1296
u. Elliott, 172, 180a, 860
V. Freeman, 5716, 578
V. Greenwood, 368
V. Jefferson, 1342
V. Norment, 47
V. Payne, 851
V. Trousdale, 854
TABLE OF CASES
are to sections]
Richmond & I. C. Co. v- Richmond,
N. I. & B. R. R. R., 308a, 340a
Richmond & L. T. R. Co. v. Madison
County Fiscal Ct., 1173
V. Rogers, 1169
Richmond & P. E. R. R. v. Seaboard
A. L. R. R., 253, 1161
Richmond County v. Wandel, 692/
Richmond County Soc. v. New York,
314
Richmond Gas Co. v. Baker, 43/, 485
Richmond Hosiery Mills v. Western
U. T. Co., 107a
Richmond R. & E. Co. v. Bowles, 486
V. Garthright, 481
Richner v. Plateau L. S. Co., 742
Richter v. Meyers, 614
Ricker v. Metropolitan Railway, 1092
Rickert v. Snyder, 953, 966, 976, 982,
983
Ricket V. Met. R. R., 1090, 1092, 1093,
1094, 1097, 1105, 1169
Ricketts v. Chesapeake & O. R. R., 380,
860
V. Lostetter, 988, 988a
V. Western U. T. Co., 894d
Rickey v. Tenbroeck, 755
Rickmers, The, 597a
Ricks V. Yates, 666
Riddel v. School District, 6926
V. Cheadle, 685fc
V. Delaware County, 932
V. Driver, 499
V. Gage, 1050
V. McGinnis, 47, 473, 1340
Riddlesbarger v. McDaniel, 685^, 685h
Rideau v. Bornet, 4926
Ridenhour v. Kansas City C. Ry., 41,
47, 485
Rider v. Kelley, 746
V. Pond, 622a
V. Stryker, 1166e
Ridgeway D. & E. Co. v. Pennsylvania
Cement Co., 752
Ridgely v. Bond, 17 Md. 14; 363a
V. Bond, 18 Md. 433; 929
Ridgley v. Mooney, 753
Ridgway v. Hungerford Market Co.,
674
Ridley v. Seaboard A, L. R. R., 95
Table of case^
[References are to sections]
3003
Ridpath v. Merria,m, 685e
Riech V. Belch, 151, 674
Ried V. Fairbanks, 493
Riewe v. McCormick, 358
Rigdon V. Temple W. W. Co., 121d
Rigge V. Burbidge, 1072
Rigg V. Parsons, 950
Riggs V. Horde, 673/
V. Lindsay, 700, 834
Righter v. Clark, 734, 739
V. Phila., 1177
Rightmire v. Hirner, 670
Rigney v. Chicago, 1121
Riker v. Clopton, 1335
Riley v. Black, 614
V. Hale, 987, 988
V. Halifax Corporation, 932
V. Iowa Falls, 1347
V. Lidtke, 486a
V. Littlefield, 536, 540
V. Martin, 317, 493
V. Nugent, 1326
V. Ocean Ins. Co., 716
V. Riley, 311e
V. Salt Lake R. T. Co., 1367
V. We.st V. C. & P. Ry., 47
Rilling V. Thompson, 325
Rime v. Rater, 637, 638, 6386
Rindskopf v. Farmers' Loan & Trust
Co., 956
Rineer v. Collms, 1009
Rinehart v. Olwine, 756
Riney v. Hill, 339a, 6955
Ring V. Pugsley, 944
Ringgenberg v. Hartman, 691a
Ringgold V. Haven, 844
Ringhouse v. Keener, 914, 917, 918
Ringle v. O'Matthiessen, 678
Ringo V. Biscoe, 302a
Rinker v. Lee, 691a
Rio Grande R. R. v. Cross, 324o
Rio Grande Western Ry. v. Rubenstein,
482a
Rios V. A-zGuenaga, 633e
Ripka V. Sergeant, 74, 99
Ripley v. Davis, 493
V. Eady, 676, 679a
V. Great Northern Ry., 1080, 1085
V. McClure, 636a
V. Mosely, 803, 806
Ripon V. Bittel, 485a
Rippe V. Chicago, R. R., 11716
Rippey v. Miller, 318, 362
Ripy V. Less, 934
Risher v. Acken Coal Co., 93
Risley v. Andrew Coimty, 302, 337
Riss V. Messmore, 316, 766
Ristine v. Blocker, 378
Ritchie v. Anderson, 636n
V. Bennett, 651
V. Carpenter, 334
V. Mauro, 1285
V. Stenius, 449
Rittel V. E. E. Southern Iron Co., 1357
Rittenhouse v. Ind. L. of Telegraph,
228c, 882
Ritter v. Sieger, 924a
Rittler v. Smith, 729
Rival, The, 587
Riverton Ferry Co. v. McKeesport &
D. B. Co.; 1169
Rives V. Columbia, 1130, 1140
Rivet V. George M. Murrell P. & M.
Co., 12866
Rivinus v. Langford, 497
Rix V. Mutual Ins. Co., 720
V. Smith, 3116
i;. Strauts, 345
Rizer v. Callen, 797
Roach V. Brannon, 565c
V. Caldbeck, 386, 489, 490
V. Houston, 537
V. Jenks, Slid
V. Kelly, 1255
V. Thoippson, 705
Road Com'rs. v. Hudson, 337
Roades v. Larson, 487a
Roake v. Sullivan, 976
Roan V. Holmes, 921
Robb V. Carnegie Bros. & Co., 32, 191,
937, 947
V. Maysville & Mt. Sterling T. R.,
1171
RohbJBS V. Carll, 308a
V. Clijeek, 339
V. Firemen's Fiujd Ins. Co., 726
V. Hudson River R. R., 1369
V. Illinois Watch Co., 1230
V. Laswell, 303
V. Lincoln County, 337
3004
TABLE OF CASES
Robbins v. Long, 678
V. Packard, 256
V. Milwaukee & Horicon R. R.,
1148
V. St. Paul R. R., 1151, 1155
jj. Scranton, 1120
ti. Walters, 537
V. Westmoreland Coal Co., 3015
Robel V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 575
Robert Graham Dun, The, 1353
Robert R. Sizer v. Dopson, 1261
Roberts v. Beatty, 279, 279c
V. Benjamin, 737
V. Berdell, 257
V. Boston, 1295
V. Brown County, 1130, 1148
V. Carter, 761, 762
V. Cole, 191
V. Crowley, 667
«. Donovan, 1031
V. Druillard, 637a
V. Fahs, 685(7
V. Fleming, 772
V. Graham, 1267
V. Hyde, 1261
V. Kain, 497f
V. Levy, 970
V. Lovitt, 688a
V. McFaddin, 1012a
V. Marston, 972
V. Mason, 234, 359, 386
V. Massay, 340
V. Minneapolis Threshing M. Co.,
107a, 109
V. Richmond & D. R. R., 435
V. St. Louis M. L. I. Co., 908
V. Smith, 325
t>. Tennell, 999e
». Thomas, 557
V. Warner, 688a
V. Wheelen, 334
V. White, 680, 685a
V. Wilcoxson, 308
Roberts, Wicks & Co. v. Lee, 742a
Robertson v. Atlantic M. I. Co., 710
V. Blake, 1215
V. Conklin, 385
V. County Com'rs., 692i
V. Davenport, 1066
V. Dumaresq, 1014, 1018
[References are to sections]
Robertson v. Gentry, 109
V. Grand Rapids, 425
V. Green, 317
V. Halton, 777
V. Jones, 935
V. Knapp, 1295
V. Lemon, 238, 959, 982, 983
ti. Maxcey, 977, 799
V. Morgan, 805
V. National S. S. Co., 226ifc
V. Parrish, 345
V. Robertson, 685A
V. Smith, 685A:
V. Waltrip, 325
V. Wylde, 378
Robeson v. Whitesides, 410
Robey v. Turner, &Q2d
Robichaud v. Maheux, 487o
Robins v. Prior, 301, 308o
Robinson v. Ayer, 740
V. Barrows, 317, 493
V. Bierce, 980
V. Bland, 4, 284, 698, 1036
V. Boyd, 439k
V. Bullock, 614, 742a
V. Burton, 360, 376
V. Campbell, 901
V. Cathcart, 410
V. Com Exchange Insurance Co.,
296
V. Craver, 638a, 6386
V. Crawford, 834
ff. Ensign, 76
V. Evening Post Pub. Co., 448a
V. Ferguson, 261
V. Goings, 361, 378
t). HaU, 273
V. Harman, 30, 1002, 1018
V. Hartridge, 493
V. Heard, 1012, 1023
V. Helena L. & Ry., 485, 1306
V. Hurley, 493
V. Hyer, 162, 734
V. International L. I. Soc, 278
V. Kime, 930o
ti. Kinne, 1293
V. Kinney, 325
V. Mace, 1067
V. Mansfield, 567
V. Marchant, 1274
TABLE OF CASES
3005
[References
Robinson v. Marino, 1360
V. Merchants' D. T. Co., 317
V. Noble, 858
V. Norwood Borough, 1154c
V. Plimpton, 688
V. Potter, 668
V. Raynor, 651, 761
V. Richards, 527
V. Robinson, 1 Duv. 162; 1138a
V. Robinson, 29 Eng. L. & Eq. 212;
6226
V. Rupert, 487, 487a
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 1355
V. St. Mathews, 47
V. Sanders, 674
V. Shanks, 042
V. Shatzley, 101
V. Sherman, 804
V. Shirreff, 556
V. South Chester, 1142
V. Stewart, 314a
V. Stimer, 47
e. Superior R. T. Ry., 387, 865
V. Vamell, 6336
V. Waupaca, 1368, 1371
V. Western U. T. Co., 45, 46o
Robinson's Settlements, In re, 1105
Robrecht v. Marling, 185, 6076
Robson V. Godfrey, 655
Roby, The, 594
Roche V. Redington, 1348
Rocheleau v. Boyle, 497/
Rochester v. Montgomery, 241
V. Randall, 692d
Rochester, Matter of, 1165a, 1208
Rochester & H. V. R. R. v. Myers, 1167
Rochester & S. R. R. v. Budlong, 1185,
1208
Rochester Lantern Co. v. Stiles & P. P.
Co., 163, 226?
Rochette v. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry.,
1115
Rock V. Denis, 43/
Rock Island & P. R. R. v. Leisy Brew-
ing Co., 11716
Rockefeller vj Merritt, 778
I). Donnelly, 792
Rockford, R. I. & St. L. R. R. v. Becke-
meier, 630
V. Delaney, 575
are to sections]
Rockford, R. I. & St. L. R. R. v. Lynch,
218
V. McKinley, 1165
V. Sage, 673e
Rockingham M. F. I. Co. o. Bosher, 120
Rockland Water Co. v. Tillson, 88, 93a,
925
Rockwell V. American L. B. Co., 610
V. Daniels, 1067
V. Eldred, 47, 484
Rockwood V. Allen, 29
V. Robinson, 72, 926
Rocky Mountain N. P. Co. v. Fridbom,
448c
Rodemer v. Hazelhurst, 6556
Rodenbach's Appeal, 3116
Rodes V. Bronson, 270
V. Commonwealth, 6926
Rodgers v. Bailey, 171a
V. Bass, 278
V. Clement, 310o
V. Ferguson, 32 Tex. 533; 564
V. Ferguson, 36 Tex. 544; 363a, 365
V. Flick, 932
Rodman v. Hedden, 785, 786, 797
V. Woolman, 673a
Rodney v. St. Louis, S. W. Ry., 1357
Rodoconachi v. Milbum, 243a, 844
Roe V. Jerome, 695
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1360
Roebling v. Lock Stitch Fence Co., 636c
Roeder v. Brown, 334
Roehm v. Horst, 636d, 636e, 636/, 758
Roemer v. Simon, 1233
Roenbeck v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
1364
Roethke v. P. B. Brewing Co., 1045
Rogan V. lUinois Sav. Bank, 334
V. Wabash R. R., 851
Roger V. Rochester R. R., 575
Rogers v. Ackerman, 1296
V. Beard, 196
V. Bemus, 190, 645
V. Bums, 334
V. Coal, R. B. & D. Co., 93
V. Coleman, 676
V. Colt, 301
V. Crombie, 260
V. Davidson, 607
V. Fales, 565
3006
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Rogers v. Golson, 961
V. Hastings & D. Ry., 673e
V. Henry, 388, 449
V. Humphrey, 1059
V. Lee County, 334
V. McDowell, 565a
V. McGuffey, 989
V. Manhattan Life Insurance Co.,
302
V. Mann, 1347
V. Mechanics' Ins. Co., 1310
V. O'Barf, 361
V. Orion, 226/, 486
V. Parham, 665
V. Priest, 311e
V. Randall, 944
V. Rio Grande Western Ry., 576
V. Saniple, 331, 411
V. Smith, 703
V. Spence, 350
II. State, 692e
V. West, 295
V. Wiley, 828
V. Yarrell, 3146
Rohr V. Anderson, 1285
V. Kindt, 1020
Rohrschneider v. Knickerbocker L. I.
Co., 439c
Rohwer v. Chadwick, 685c
Roles V. Rosewell, &75d
Rolfe V. Peterson, 395
Rolfif V. Cohen, 1326
Rolin V. Steward, 105, 171o, 707
Roller V. Effinger, 979
Rollins V. Duffy, 822
V. Sidney B. Bowman Cycle Co.,
633&
i\ State, 692i
Rolph V. Crouch, 238, 982, 983, 987
Romaine v. Van Allen, 509
Romayne v. Duane, 448c
Romberg v. Hughes, 635
Rombough v. Balch, 574, 1367
Rome V. Omberg, 1108
V. Rhodes, 67a
Rome R. R. v. Sloan, 246
Rome, W. & O. R. R. v. Gleason, 1109
Romine v. Romine, 797
Romlnem v. Empire F. M. Co., 1357
Romona O. S. Co. v. Shields, 1361
Ronald v. Pacific Traction Co., 1359
Ronneberg v. Falkland I. Co., 241a
Rood V. Seattle El. Co., 1357
Rooker v. Perkins^ 1166(i
Rooks V. Booth, 996
Rooksby v. State, 686
Rooney v. Milwaukee C. Co., 486a
V. Sacramento R. R., 1154a
Roose V. Perkins, 1248, 1254
Roosevelt v. N. Y. EI. R. R., 1208
Root V. Butte, A. & P. Ry., 1123
V. King, 451
I/. Lowndes, 88
V. New York C. S. C. Co., 873a
V. Railway, 1231, 1232, 1237
V. Sturdivant, 357, 360, 372
Root's Case, 1130
Rooth V. Wilson, 76
Roper V. Wren, 305
Roper Wholesale Grocery Co. v. Fkvor,
80o
Ropes V. Upton, 426
Rosa V. Missouri, etc., R. R., 1154a
Rosan v. Big Muddy Coal & Iron Co.,
149
Rose V. Beatie, 603, 762
V. Belyea, 233, 1334
V. Boseman, 2796, 515, 746
V. Bridgeport, 343, 345, 346
V. Butler, 209, 991, 992
V. Des Moines V. R. R., 1367
V. Douglass Township, 692/
V. Eclipse Carbonating Co., 673d
V. Hirsch, 1240
V. Imperial Engine Co., 378
V. King, 862
V. Lewis, 256
V. Miles, 35, 946
V. Post, 237, 685i
V. Story, 387, 497^, 564
V. U. S. T. Co., 878
V. Wallace, 441
V. WiUiamsville, G. & S. L. Ry.,
667
V. Wynn, 185, 984
Rosecrants v. Shoemaker, 1247, 1254
Rosecrans v. Asay, 536, 1261
Rosedale, The, 596a
Rosenbaum v. McThottias, 98
V. Pendleton, 343
TABLE OF CASES
3007
[References
Rosehbaum v. Shoffner, 119
V. Stiebel, 512a
Rosenbaums v. Weeden, 755
Rosenberg v. Frankel, 794
V. Weekes, 332
Rosenberger v. Pacific Coast Ry.,
667
Rosenblum v. Riley, 984
Rosencrance v, Johnson, 673e
Rosenfield v. Express Co., 57, 853
V. R. R., 851
Rosenkrans v. Barker, 460
Rosenkrantz v. Durling, 676
V. Lindell Ry., 86c, 172o, 4866
Rosenquest v. Noble, 688a
Rosenquist v. Bowring, 675a
V. Canary, 414
Rosenthal v. Boass, 685^
V. Empire B. & S. Co., 734
V. Taylor B. & H. Ry., 947
Rosenzweig v. Frazer, 80, 1069
Rosepaugh v. Vredenburgh, 651
Rosevelt v. Hanold, 1258
Rosewater v. Hoffman, 446
Rosewell v. Prior, 949
Ross V. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R., 844
V. Cornell Steamboat Co., 587
V. Davis, 1148
V. Dysart, 999c
V. Great Northern Ry., 1216
V. Kansas City, 226/
V. Keewood, 3406
V. Leggett, 41, 42, 47, 360, 462
V. Loescher, 408, 419
V. McDaffie, 497?
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1348
V. Missouri, K. & T. R. R., 873
V. Montana U. Ry., 1226
V. New H. S. M. Co., 107a, 363a,
930, 943
V. Philbrick, 61
V. Robinson, 1007
V. Ross, 1327
V. Russell, 339a
V. Scott, 503, 933, 935
V. Stockwell, 991
Rossend Castle, 842
Rosser v. Bunn, 373
V. Depriest, 3115
V. Timberlake, 685J
are to sections]
Rossey v. Lawrence, 1371
Rossiter v. Chester, 841
Rested V. Great N. Ry., 868
Rosum V. Hodges, 4926
Roswell V. Davenport, 1216
Rotan V. Nichols, 1060
Roth V. Buettel Bros. Co., 485o
V. Eppy, 347, 1366
V. Felt, 531
V. Smith, 466
V. Taysen, 636/
V. Union Depot Co., 1356
Rothmiller v. Stein, 439o
Roulain v. McDowall, 678
Rounds V. Baxter, 1012a
V. Mumford, 1115
Roundy v. Thatcher, 673o
Rourke v. Central Massachusetts Elec-
tric Co., 1147
V. Holmes St. Ry., 1165a
Rouse V. Detroit Electric Ry., 577, 578
V. Melsheimer, 1249, 1254
V. Metropolitan St. R. R., 380
V. Western Wheel Works, 308
Roussel V. Mathews, 341
Roussin V. Stewart, 685m
Routh V. Caron, 125, 762, 769
Roux V. Salvador, 710
Rouyer v. Miller, 695c
Rowan v. Lee, 1258
V. Rainey, 915
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894
Rowand v. Bellinger, 1271
Rows V. Baber, 992
V. City of Budline, The, 854
V. Heath, 983
V. Moses, 490
V. New York & N. J. T. Co., 1367
11. Peabody, 678
V. Pulp Co., 1144
V. RichaMson, 786
V. School Board for London, 1004
V. Shenandoah Pulp Co., 932, 942
V. Titus, 1269
I). Whatcom Couilty Ry. & Light
Co., 172
Rowell V. Western U. T. Co., S9id
Rowland v. Dowe, 1022
V. Isaacs, 692/
V. Miller, 973
3008
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Rowland v. Murphy, 75
V. Rowland, 924, 931
V. Shelton, 316, 774
Rowley v. Gibbs, 295, 530, 631, 536,
689o
V. London & N. W. Ry., 581
Rown V. Christopher & T. S. R. R., 481
Rowntree v. Jacob, 964
Roy V. The Duke of Beaufort, 395
V. Missouri, K. & T. Ry., 1143
Royal V. Smith, 638, 6386
Royal Bristol P. B. Soc. v. Bomash, 999i
Royal Ins. Co. v. Clark, 818a
Royalton v. R. & W. Turnpike Co.,
618, 636?, 636i
Royer v. Foster, 979
V. Shultz Belting Co., 1215
Rozell V. Anderson, 1110
Rubber Co. v. Goodyear, 1230
Rubio Canon Land & Water Ass'n v.
Everett, 373a
Rubens v. Hill, 991
Rubon V. Stephan, 678, 680, 685A
Rucker v. Campbell, 418
Ruckman v. Bergholz, 308a
V. Pitcher, 305
Rudd V. Rounds, 480a
Rudder v. Price, 4, 636ff, 675b
Rudderow v. Philadelphia, 1142
Rude V. St. Louis, 1123
V. Westcott, 1220, 1222
Rudiger v. Chicago, S. P. M. & O. Ry.,
573a, 574a, 1367
Rudolph V. Pennsylvania S. V. R. R.,
1152, 1154, 1165
Rudulph V. Wagner, 3406
Rueping v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 380,
1347, 1348
Roper V. Clay, 639
V. Johnson, 87, 227, 228?, 636(i,
636/, 636i, 737, 758
Ruff V. Rader, 294
V. Rinaldo, 645, 984
RufEn V. Atlantic & N. C. R. R., 860
Ruffner v. Hewitt, 334
Rugg V. Tolman, 1331
Ruggerio v. Leuchtenburg, 1006
Ruland v. Waukesha Water Co., 667
Rule V. McGregor, 115 la, 323; 458,
1337
Rule V. McGregor, 117 la. 419; 625
V. Tait, 569
RuloEE V. Hazen, 343
Rumbold v. Penn M. L. I. Co., 730
Rumford v. Church, 711
Rumsey v. Matthews, 411
V. New York & N. E. R. R., 253,
932
Rund V. Blatt, 497/
Rundell v. C. G. Transatlantique, 570,
599
Rundle v. Little, 55
V. Moore, 817
Runey v. Edmands, 962
Runlett V. Bell, 98
Runnells v. Pentwater, 214
V. Webber, 976
Runyon v. Nichols, 1045
Ruppel V. Allegheny Valley R. R., 846,
851
Rush V. Rush, 819
V. Spokane F. & N. Ry., 1347
Rushforth, Ex parte, 801
Rushing v. Seaboard A. L. Ry., 483,
484, 485
V. Sebree, 330
Rushton V. Rowe, 341
Russ V. Gilbert, 1275
V. Steamboat War Eagle, 86c
V. Telfener, 1023
V. Tuttle, 734
Russel V. Palmer, 349, 811, 831
Russell V. Brown, 91
V. Burlington, 1110
V. Butterfield, 82, 6916
V. Chambers, 47, 48, 66
V. Cole, 4976
V. Columbia, 481
V. Copeland, 1012
V. Cornmg Manuf. Co., 762, 766
V. Dennison, 1328
V. Failor, 807
V. Farley, 676
V. Giblin, 205, 608, 995
V. Horn B. & F. Mfg. Co., 1936,
734
V. Huiskamp, 493
V. Ins. Co., 723a
V. Kearney, 83
V. Lucas, 339a
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
3009
Russell V. Meyer, 70
V. Miner, 834
0. Missouri, K. & T. Ry., 865
V. Polk County Abstract Co., 87
V. Roberts, 606c
V. St. Paul, M. & M. R. R., 252,
1171b
V. Shuster, 466
V. Smith, 536
V. Stoops, 1027, 1027a
V. Turner, 554a
V. Walker, 238
V. Washington Post Co., 377
V. Weneweser, 1282
V. Western U. T. Co., 45, 45a, 894
V. Windsor S. B. Co., 574o
V. Wright, 423
V. Wylly, 650
Rust V. Eckler, 762
V. Victoria Graving Dock Co., 65
Rust L. & L. Co. V. Wheeler, 975
Rustell V. Macquister, 446
Rutan ti. Hinchman, 1020
V. Hopper, 1014
V. Ludlam, 762
Ruth V. St. Louis Transit Co., 1337
Ruth, The, 1356
Rutherford v. Irby, 317
V. Moore, 685a
V. Stovel, 411, 413
V. Shreveport & H. R. R., 41, 180
Ruthven v. Beckwith, 682
Ruthven W. Co. v. Great W. Ry., 134a,
153
Rutland v. Dayton, 991
». Southern Ry., 152
Rutland & W. R. R. v. Bank of Middle-
bury, 54, 4946
Rutledge v. Lawrence, 1010
V. Rowland, 172
V. Smith, 3016
Rutter V. Collins, 638, 6386
Ruys V. Royal Exch. Assur. Corp., 711
Ryall V. Prince, 89
Ryan v. Akeley, 6916
V. Anderson, 685?
V. Baldrick, 308a
V. Dayton, 672
V. Dunlap, 1021
V. Fitzgerald, 535
189
Ryans v. Hospes, 671
Ryan v. Hower Brewing Co., 455
V. Knickerbocker Steamboat Co.,
1347
V. Krusor, 797
V. Martin, 416
V. Miller, 153 111. 138; 642
V. Miller, 139 S. W. 128; 777
V. Oshkosh G. L. Co., 578, 1367
V. Quinn, 387
V. Remmey, 614
V. Young, 515
Ryan Drug Co. v. Hoambshal, 310
Ryburn v. Pryor, 493
Ryckman v. Parkins, 315
Ryder ». Hathaway, 21 Pick. 298; 505
V. Hathaway, 2 Met. 96; 108
V. Thayer, 316, 821
V. Wall, 1018
Ryers v. Wheeler, 906, 911
Ryerson v. Chapman, 238, 239, 962,
982, 983
V. Marseillis, 1261
V. Willis, 973
Ryland v. Heney, 313
Rylands v. S. Fletcher, 33
S. A. McCauley, The, 587, 588
S. & C. R. R. V. Callahan, 419
S. & N. A. R. R. V. McLendon, 379
S. C. Righter v. Clark, 162
S. M. Burgess & Co. v. Patterson, 1335
S. W. Slayden & Co. v. Palmo, 1006
Saam v. Saam, 61
Sabin v. Railway, 1110, 1164
Sabine & E. T. Ry. v. Ewing, 363
V. Joachimi, 191, 331a, 937
V. Johnson, 121d, 937, 942
V. Smith, 937
Sable V. Brockmeier, 966, 973
Sacchi V. Bayside Lumber Co., 71
Sachs V. America Surety Co., 678, 679a
Sackett v. Ruder, 1247
V. Sackett, 950
Sackett's Harbor Bank v. Blake, 301a
Sackrider v. Beers, 940
Sacramento V. R. R. v. Moffat, 1167
Sacramento Southern R. R. v. Heilbron,
252
3010
TABLE
Sadler v. Bean, 258
Safely v. Gilmore, 999a
Safety I. W. & C. Co. v. Baltimore, 613,
614
Safifer v. Levy, 991
Sagamore Coal Co. v. Clark, 614
Sage V. Brooklyn, 1146
Sager v. Tupper, 341
Saginaw, The, 593
Saginaw U. S. Ry. v. Michigan Cent.
R. R., 927
Sagola L. Co. v. Chicago T. & T. Co.,
737
Sagonda, The, 196
St. Albans Steam Boat Co. v. Wilkins,
673/
St. Andre v. Rachal, 311&
St. Anthony & D. E. Co. v. Dawson,
238
St. Anthony Lumber Co. v. Bardwell-
Robinson Co., 762
St. Bernard w.Reig, 667
St. Clair v. Cash G. M. & M. Co., 935
St. Clara Female Academy v. North-
western N. I. Co., 722
St. Croix L. & L. Co. v. Ritchie, 934a
St. Helen's Smelting Co. v. Tipping,
104
St. John V. New York, 13 How. Pr.
527; 948
V. New York, 6 Duer, 315; 182
». Northern Pac. Ry., 1363
V. O'Connel, 80, 256
V. Palmer, 956
V. Rykert, 330
St. Johnsboro v. Smith, 1175
St. Johnsbuiy & L. C. R. R. ». Hunt,
137
V. Willard, 1174
St. Josephs. Geiwitz, 1140
V. Hamilton, 235a
V. Merlatt, 692e
St. Joseph & D. C. R. R. v. Orr, 1148
St. Joseph & G. I. R. R. v. Hedge, 43A,
1348
St. Joseph & I. M. R. R. v. Shambaugh,
1167
St. Joseph & W. R. R. ». Wheeler, 575
St. Lawrence & O. Ry. v. Lett, 673a,
577, 578
OF CASES
are to sections]
St. Louis V. Bissell, 979
V. Meintz, 235a
St. Louis & C. R. R. V. Postal Tel Co.,
1171
St. Louis & I. B. Ry. t>. Bamsback, 1334
V. Guswelle, 1166
St. Louis & N. A. Co. v. Mathis, 1367
St. Louis & N. A. R. R. v. Crandell, 630
V. Mathis, 577
St. Louis & S. E. R. R. v. Teters, 1166
St. Louis & S. F. R. R. v. Blum, 101,
1367
V. Dickerson, 251
V. Fayetteville, 1152a
V. French, 1367
V. Gaba, 419
V. Gamer, 368
D. Hicks, 573a
V. Hooser, 318
V. Hoover, 933
V. Jones, 937a
V. Lieurance, 852
V. Lilly, 856a
V. McLain, 1354
V. Neely, 1347
V. Richards, 1353, 1364
V. Ritz, 2266
V. Sharp, 226i
V. Shoemaker, 413
V. Townsend, 677
V. Wilhehn, 854
V. Woolum, 1348
St. Louis & S. J. R. R. ». Richardson,
1129, 1140
St. Louis & S. W. R. R. v. Henderson,
1152
V. Lindsey, 1309
St. Louis, A. & R. J. R. R. ». Coultas,
677
St. Louis A. & T. R. R. v. Anderson,
1134
V. Beard, 614
V. Johnston, 673, 580a, 1367
V. Mackie, 222, 865
V. Neel, 842
St. Louis Brewing Assoc, v. McEnroe,
762
St. Louis B. & M. Ry. v. West, 124
St. Louis B. & T. R. R, v. Mendonsa,
1166
TABLE
[References
St. Louis Cattle Co. v. Gholson, 125a
St. Louis E. R. & W. Ry. v. Oliver, 1166
St. Louis E. S. R. R. v. Bums, 573a
St. Louis, F. S. & W. R. R. v. Chenault,
695
V. McAuliffe, 1149, 1166
St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v. Berry, 630
t. Biggs, 50 Ark. 169; 76, 432a, 435
I'. Biggs, 52 Ark. 240; 95
V. Bragg, 43/
V. Brown, 134 S. W. 1194; 865
V. Brown, 140 S. W. 279; 1354
V. Buckner, 44
V. Cantrell, 226/, 481, 482, 483, 484
V. Caraway, 1367
V. Cates, 222, 865
V. Cleere, 316, 1367
V. Davis, 363a
V. Dawson, 1353, 1367
V. Day, 1342
V. Deshong; 852
V. Dysart, 368
V. Edwards, 85c
V. Evans, 226?re
V. Fambro, 1347
V. Freeman, 576, 1293
V. Glossup, 1354
V. Green, 251
0. Grimsley, 1347
V. Groce, 862
V. Haist, 577
V. Hall, 1331
V. Hardie, 942
V. Hartung, 1353
V. Hitt, 577
V. Holmes, 1357
V. Knight, 1342
V. Lamb, 856o
V. Leamons, 44
V. Lesser, 851
V. Lyman, 937
V. McCain, 1367
V. Maddry, 577, 1367
V. Morris, 64, 942
V. Mudford, 316, 844, 854, 856a
V. Mynott, 1342
V. Needham, 52 Fed. 371; 574
V. Needham, 10 U. S. App. 339;
581
V. O'Baugh, 72
OF CASES 3011
are to sections]
St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry. v. Osborne,
1360
V. Ozier, 843a
V. Pate, 1353
V. Pfau, 1166, 1168
V. Phelps, 316, 854
V. Price, 1358
V. Raines, 1367
V. Reed, 1363
V. Robbins, 1353, 1367
V. Rogers, 1356
V. Schneider, 685rf
V. Snell, 1347
V. Sparks, 1356
V. Standifer, 577
V. Stell, 171a
V. Stovall, 1347
V. Stroud, 212, 872
V. Sweet, 57 Ark. 287; 573
V. Sweet, 60 Ark. 550; 571c, 574a,
577
V. Taylor, 43i
V. Theodore Maxfield Co., 253,
1134
V. Trimble, 865
V. Walbrink, 1165
V. Waren, 1355
V. Warren, 4866
V. Weakly, 851
V. WilUams, 864a
V. Wilson, 363, 380
V. Woodard, 1342
11. Woodruff, 1342
V. Yarbrough, 243, 937
St. Louis, J. & C. R. R. V. Lurton, 226&,
618
V. Mitchell, II6O0
St. Louis, J. & S. R. R. V. Kirby, 1138,
1165, 1171
St. Louis, K. & C. R. R. v. North,
1166
St. Louis, K. & N. W. R. R. v. Clark,
1160a, 1163
V. St. Louis U. S. Y. Co., 1161
St. Louis, K. & S. W. R. R. v. Hammers,
1165
St. Louis, L. & D. R. R. Co. v. Wilder,
1149
St. Louis, M. & S. E. P. Co. v. Conti-
nental B. Co., 1140
3012
TABLE OF CASES
[References
St. Louis, M. & S. E. R. R. v. Aubuchon,
1154
V. Continental B. Co., 1166
V. Drummond R. & I. Co., 1154
V. Garner, 576
St. Louis, P. & N. R. R. ». Rawley, 580
St. Louis, V. & T. H. R. R. v. Capps,
1169
V. Haller, 1149, 1165
V. Hurst, 1110
V. Mollett, 1166e, 1167, 1172a
St. Louis M. B. T. R. Ass'n v. Schultz,
937
St. Louis M. Co. V. Miller, 939
St. Louis O. K. & C. Ry. v. Fowler,
1130, 1140, 1151, II6O0
St. Louis Ry. v. Southern Ry., 1160
St. Louis, S. F. & T. Ry. v. Andrews,
1358
V. Bolen, 1367
V. Grayson County, 1173
V. Shaw, 1123
St. Louis R. Co. V. Southern Ry., 235o
St. Louis S. R. Co. V. Kline-Drummond
M. Co., 753
St. Louis S. W. Ry. v. Alexander, 43i
V. Browning, 1353
V. Clayton, 932
V. Cleland, 1356
V. Ferguson, 150
V. Ford, 1348
V. Freedman, 1363
V. Furlow, 1342
V. Garber, 1270o
V. Germany, 1342
V. Granger, 1342
V. Gresham, 1364
V. Groves, 1357
V. Guthrie, 318
V. Hammett, 865
V. Holt, 1367
V. Huey, 580a
V. Hughes, 1143
V. Hunt, 852
V. Jackson, 1347
V. Knight, 868
V. Leder Bros., 843a
V. Lewis, 1216
V. Mackey, 924
V, May, 149, 856
are to sections]
St. Louis S. W. Ry. v. Murdock, 43A
». Myzell, 363
V. Pearson, 864
V. Phoenix Cotton Gil Co., 852
V. Shiflet, 574a
V. Starks, 1264
V. Thompson, 170a, 1343, 1344
V. White, 863
St. Louis Trust Co. v. Murmann, 1216
St. Louis T. Ry. v. Heiger, 1171
St. Martin v. Desnoyer, 1326
St. Ores V. McGlashen, 353, 360
St. Paul V. Kuby, 1326
V. Louisiana C. L. Co., 934
St. Paul & S. C. R. R. V. Matthews,
1154
V. Murphy, 1148
St. Paul Boom Co. v. Kemp, 1296
St. Paul Distilling Co. i;. Pratt, 4706
St. Paul Foundry Co. v. Wegmann,
681a
St. Paul Nat. Bank v. Cannon, 703
St. Paul Trust Co. v. Fmch, 310a
V. Strong, 311c
St. Paul's Church v. Washington, 339
St. Peter v. Dennison, 1111
V. Iowa Tel. Co., 1345
St. Peter's Church v. Beach, 233, 234,
359, 383a
Sainter v. Ferguson, 406, 408, 418
Saladin v. Mitchell, 755
Salado College v. Davis, 234
Salchert v. Reinig, 637, 638, 639
Saldana v. Galveston, H. & S. A. Ry.,
481
Saleeby v. Cent. R. R., 873
Salem v. McClintock, 692a
Salem Iron Co. v. Lake Superior Con-
solidated Iron Mines, 753
Salisbury Ore Co. v. Miller, 56
Salladay v. Dodgeville, 2216
Sallden v. Little Falls, 1172o
Salle V. Light, 775
Sailer v. Friedman Bros. Shoe Co., 1357
Salida v. McKinna, 486a
Salina v. Trosper, 44
Salina M. & E. Co. v. Hoyne, 481
Saling V. Bolander, 324a
Salisbury v. Western N. C. R. R., 70
Salmon f . Helena Box Co., 753
TABLE Of CASES
[References are to sections]
3013
Salmon v. M. E. Blasier Mfg. Co., 929
V. Rathjens, 573
V. Smith, 1279
Salstrom v. Orleans B. G. M. Co., 937
Salt River Canal Co. v. Hickey, 257
Salter v. Parkhurst, 310
Salters v. Ralph, 410
Saltmarsh v. Chicago & G. T. Ry., 504,
934
Saltus V. Everett, 1044
V. Kip, 1274
Saluda Manuf. Co. v. Pennington, 647c
Salvo V. Duncan, 614
Salyers v. Ross, 692j
Salzer v. Sheffield F. S. D. Co., 406, 407
Salzgeber v. Mickel, 90, 988
Samieloff v. New York & Q. C. Ry., 380
Sammis v. Clark, 293
Sample v. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R., 1367
Sampson v. Henry, 358
V. Neely, 311o
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 1355
V. Warner, 301, 1042
Samuel v. Bond, 452
Samuels v. Fidelity, etc., Co., 618, 6226
V. New York City Ry., 1370
V. Willis, 123
San Antonio & A. P. Ry. v. Beam,
1270a
ti. Beauchamp, 1357
V. Brock, 574a
V. Chittin, 844
V. Connell, 1355
V. Corley, 1270o
V. Engelhom, 1367
V. Green, 1356
V. Grier, 368, 380o
V. Griffin, 457, 464
V. Harding, 1367
V. Horkan, 942
V. Hunnicutt, 1151, 1171
V. Kiersey, 937
V. Knoepfli, 221o
V. Long, 577, 583, 1363, 1367
V. MacGregor, 1171
V. Mohe, 947
ti. Moore, 1306
V. Muecke, 1357
V. Spencer, 1309
V. Timon, 99 S. W. 418; 854
San Antonio & A. P. Ry. v. Timon,
110 S. W. 82; 1264
V. Waller, 1367
V. Gwynn, 948
San Antonio v. Campbell, 3406
V. Lane, 346
V. Mackey, 947, 1110
V. MuUaly, 184, 932, 1143, 1152fl!
San Antonio Gas Co. v. Singeton, 1353
San Antonio St. Ry. v. Mechler, 575
V. Renken, 1367
V. Watzlavzick, 1367
San Antonio Traction Co. v. Probandt,
1362
V. White, 574o
San Bernardino & S. Ry. ti. Haven, 1135
San Diego L. & T. Co. v. Neale, 1162,
1171c, 1295
San Diego Water Co. i>. Pacific Coast
Steamship Co., 685y, 685A;
San Francisco & N. P. R. R. v. Taylor,
1175
San Franciso & S. J. R. R. v. Mahoney,
1151
San Francisco, A. & S. R. R. v. Cald-
well, 1135, 1155
San Francisco Bridge Co. v. Bumbarton
Land & Imp. Co., 6556
San Joaquin Land, etc., Co. v. West,
334
San Jose & A. R. R. v. Mayne, 151, 165,
1135
San Jose Fruit Packing Co. ». Cutting,
685i
San Pedro, L. A. & S. L. Railroad v.
Board of Education, 11716
V. Salt Lake City, 11546
Sanborn v. Benedict, 753
V. Emerson, 549
V. Fickett, 1335
V. Neilson, 480
V. Steele, 334
Sanchez v. Forster, 692j
Sandeberg r., Victor Gold, etc.. Mining
Co., 308a
Sanderlin v. Shaw, 923
V. Willis, 156, 1022, 1055
Sanders v. Anderson, 12566
V. Bank of Kentucky, 692
V. Bond, 755
3014
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Sanders v. Carter, 414
V. Davis, 466
V. Johnson, 447
V. Lake S. & M. S. Ry., 324a
V. Logan, 1220, 1230 ■
V. McKim, 408, 413
V. Miller, 91
V. Scott, 311a
V. Smith, 992
V. Stuart, 154, 890
V. Vance, 317, 493
Sanderson v. Columbian Ins. Co., 716
V. Northern Pac. Ry., 43g
V. Pa. Coal Co., 91
V. Price, 912
V. Read, 313a
Sands v. Taylor, 750
Sandwich !;. Dolan, 221
V. Fish, 692e
Sanford, The, 593
V. Belle Plaine First Nat. Bank,
417
V. City Nat. Bank, 325
V. Cloud, 1010
V. Crocheron, 302a
V. East R. I. District, 192
V. Lichtenberger, 331
V. Willetts, 237, 565a
Sangamon & M. R. R. v. Henry, 844,
856
Sanger v. Cleveland, 695
V. Fincher, 1041
V. Smith, 991
Sangster v. Commonwealth, 692i
V. Prather, 1027
Sanguinett v. Webster, 343
Sanitary Dist. v. Burke, 673rf
V. McMahon & M. Co., 148
V. R. R., 1151, 11716
V. Ray, 1110
Sanitary Dist. of Chicago v. Kompare,
1334
V. Loughran, 1162, 1169
Sanquer v. London & S. W. Ry., 844
Sans V. New York, 301
Santa Ana v. Harlin, 1171e
Santa Clara Mining Assoc, v. Meredith,
673e '■■
Santa Fe St. Ry. v. Schultz, 416
Santa Maria, 336
Santford v. Dobyns, 929
Saperstone v. Rochester Ry., 1368, 1371
Sapp V. N. C. Ry., 363, 366
Sapphire, The, 587, 597
SapweU V. Bass, 200
Sargeant v. Kellogg, 1031
Sargent v. , 472, 1328
V. Cames, 366
V. Currier, 774
V. Davis, 3116
V. Franklin Ins. Co., 519
V. Hampden, 316
V. Machias, 1164c
V. Mason, 149
V. Merrimac, 11716
V. Pomroy, 686
V. St. Mary's O. B. Asylum, 685j
V. Southgate, 798
V. Tacoma, 1112o
V. Tattle, 332
V. Yale Lock Mfg., 17 Blatch. 244;
1240
V. Yale Lock Mfg. Co., 17 P. O. G.
106; 1222
Sarpy v. New Orleans, 983
Sasse V. Rogers, 1337
Satchwell v. Williams, 137, 170a, 190,
668, 1064
Sater v. Plankroad Co., 1148
Satterwhite v. Carson, 317
V. McKie, 411
Sauer v. Mayor, 1169
». Schulenberg, 639
Saulters v. Victory, 562
Saunders v. Anderson, 673
V. Baxter, 446
i^. Brosius, 117, 506
V. Chamberlain,, 439^
V. Clark, 246
V. London & N. W. Ry., 1326
V. Mills, 451
V. Mullen, 388
V. Post-Standard Co., 368
V. U. S. Marble Co., 736
Sausser v. Steinmetz, 984a
Sauter v. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
2216, 581
Savage v. Chicago & J. Ry., 1351
V. Corn Exchange Ins. Co., 718
t), Fox, 695o
TABLE Of cases
[References
Savage v. Glenn, 643, 645
0. Gunter, 691c
V. Joseph H. Bauland Co., 1360
V. Medical and Surgical Associa
tion, 608
V. Third Ave. R. R., 172
Savannah v. Hartridge, 1137
V. Waldner, 234
Savannah & C. R. R. v. Callahan, 277,
313o, 412
Savannah & O. C. Co. v. Bourquin, 91,
924, 924a, 947
Savannah, A. & N. Ry. v. Williams,
1165a
Savannah Electric Co. v. Bell, 1367
Savannah, F. & W. Ry. v. Davis, 92, 924
V. Flannagan, 1367
V. Harper, 1331
V. Holland, 1263
V. Pritchard, 134a, 165, 226c
V. Shearer, 5716
Savannah St. R. R. v. Bryan, 1342
Saveland v. Green, 834
Savercool D. Farwell, 1297
Savile v. Roberts, 456
Savings Bank v. Asbury, 153a, 622
V. Hodgdon, 305
Sawyer v. Colgan, 338
V. Dean, 755
V. Dulany, 121b
V. Eifert, 451
V. Hoag, 1031
V. Hopkins, 447
V. Keene, 1110, 1164
V. M'Intyre, 1023
V. Mayhew, 623
V. Sauer, 378, 486c
V. Warner, 1007, 1010
V. Wiswell, 1041, 1042
Saxe V. Penokee Lumber Co., 734, 735
Saxonia M. Co. v. Cook, 666, 667
Saxton V. Bacon, 125a
V. New York El. R. R., 1190
V. Williams, 531a
Sayers v. CoUyer, 1256&
V. Hohnes, 531
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 83
Sayles v. Bemis, 109
V. Quinn, 1946
V. Richmond, F, & P. R. R., 1230
3015
are to sections]
Saylor v. Pennsylvania Canal Co., 35
Sayre v. Austin, 301, 334
V. Sayre, 451
i;. Sheffield L. I. & C. Co., 977
V. State, 316
Sayward v. Dexter, 310, 324a
Scagel V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 1306
Scahill V. jEtna Indemnity Co., 377a
Scaling v. Knollin, 774, 837
Scally V. W. T. Garratt & Co., 481, 485o
Scammon v. Kimball, 1031, 1032
Scanlan v. Gulling, 565o
V. Musgrove, 937, 9906
Scantlin v. Allison, 1053
Scarborough v. Goethe, 4926
V. Parker, 692
V. State, 107a, 692j
V. Thornton, 692
Scarpati v. MetropoUtan St. Ry., 1367
Schaaf v. Pennsylvania R. R., 1334
Schaefifer v. Dickinson, 523
V. Empire Lithography Co., 1042
V. Miehling, 970
V. Siegel, 334
chafer v. Gildea, 644
V. Ostmann, 385
V. Smith, 1245
Schaffer v. Baker Transfer Co., 575, 1367
Schaffner v. Ehrman, 171a, ISlOo
Schaible v. Lake Shore & M. S. R. R.,
1148, 1149
Schaidler v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 581
Schalk V. Kingsley, 73, 926
Schaller v. Omaha, 1141
Schanzenbach v. Brough, 6736
Schars ;■. Brand, 565a
Schattler v. Daily Herald Co., 448
Schaub D. Hannibal & St. J. R. R., 573a
Schaufele v. Central Georgia Ry., 180a
Scheele v. Lafayette Bank, 623
Scheen v. Poland, 372
Scheer v. Kriesel, 363, 383c, 930
V. Schlomowitz, 1023
Scheerschmidt v. Smith, 988a, 1012
ScheiBer v. Minneapohs & St. L. Ry.,
575, 581
Scheffer v. Washington, C. V. M. &
C. S. R. R., 126a
Scheffler Press v. Perlman, 999
Scheible v. Klein, 642
3016
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Scheible v. Slagle, 1053
Schell V. Cochran, 336
V. Plumb, 90, 636i, 666
Schenkel v. Pittsburg & B. Tr. Co., 481
Schenck v. Schenck, 446
Scliening v. Cofer, 685c, 685fe
Scheppel v. Weiler, 911
Scherer v. Schlaberg, 575
Scherpf v. Szadeczky, 1328
Schertz v. Indianapolis R. R., 43e
Schettler v. Soutliern Oregon Co., 916,
917
Schick V. Fleischhauer, 992
Sehieffelin v. Carpenter, 999^
V. New York Ins. Co., 718
V. Stewart, 344
Schierloh v. Intenirban St. Ry., 1346
Schiff V. Pottlitzer, 991
Schiffman v. Peerless M. C. Co., 633
Schildwaehter v. Mayor, 999<i
Schile ti. Brokhahus, 127o, 189
Schillinger v. Gunther, 1230
Schillinger Bros. v. Bosch-Ryan Grain
Co., 186
Schillo V. McEwen, 655e
Schilze V, Great Eastern Railway, 164
Schimmelfenig v. Donovan, 1254
Schimmelpfenning v. Brunk, 970
Schindel v. Schindel, 373o, 432a
Sohintzer v. Russell, 533
Sehippel v. Norton, 361
Schleiff V. Berglas, 667
Schlemmer v. North, 71, 903, 988
Schlesiger v. Bedford, 68Se
Schlesinger v. Ritchie, 642
Schley v. Lyon, 76, 78
Schloss V. Rovelsky, 683
Schmaelzle v. London, etc., F. Ins. Co.,
726
Schmaltz v. Weed, 622a, 1006
Schmertz v. Dwyer, 738
Schmidt v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry.,
1371
V. Durnham, 639, 641
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 302
V. Mitchell, 1255
V. Nunan, 532
V. R. R., 865
V. Southwestern Brewery & Ice
Co., 482
Schmidt v. The Steamship Pennsyl-
vania, 856a
Schmied v. Frank, 904
Schmieder v. Kingsley, 407
Schmisseur v. Kreilich, 364
Schmitt V. Boston Ins. Co., 724
V. Jurrus, 226o
V. Kurrus, 385
V. Milwaukee St. Ry., 484
Schmitz II. Kirchan, 1345
V. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 486c
Schmolt V. H. W. Wright Limiber Co.,
1357
Schmumacher v. Kennedy, 774
Schnable v. Koehler, 74
V. Providence Public Market, 573a,
575
V. Thomas, 533
Schnatz v. Phila & R. R. R., 577
Schneider v. Hosier, 1249, 1254
V. McGill, 1336
V. Patterson, 988
V. Second Ave. R. R., 1354
Schneider, In re, 121 N. Y. Supp. 9;
243c
Schneider, In re, 11 Leg. Int. 122; 341
Schnelby v. Shirtcliff, 753
Schnell v. Plumb, 633o
Schnerr v. Lemp, 659
Schnuth V. Aber, 665
Schoenemann v. Martyn, 692d
Schoenfeld v. Fleisher, 817
Schofield V. Baldwin, 364
V. Ferrers, 375, 1268
V. Iowa Homestead Co., 961
SchoU V. Schnebel, 1337
School Directors v. Birch, 667
V. Kimmel, 667
School District No. 2 v. Searle, 1177
School Dist. V. Dreutzer, 303
V. McDonald, 666
School Trustees v. Bennett, 655c
Schooley v. Stoops, 107d, 972
Schoolher v. Hutchins, 493
Schooner Lively, The, 175
Schrader v. Lillis, 415, 416
V. WolfUn, 689a
Schrandt v. Young, 62 Neb. 254; 535,
536, 537, 538, 540
V. Young, 2 Neb. (Unof.) 546; 182a
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
3017
Schreckengast v. Ealy, 637
Schreiber v. Chicago, etc., R. R., 1154a
V. Depew, 1349
V. Klingerstein, 670
Schreiner v. Great Northern Ry., 125a
Schrepfer v. Rockford Ins. Co., 340, 724
Sehrimpf v. Tenn. Manuf . Co., 407
Scripps V. Reilly, 47
Schriver v. Johnstown, 36o, 170a
Schroeder v. Crawford, 1255
V. California Yukon Trading Co.,
98c, 620, 666, 667
V. Chicago, R. I, & P. Ry., 1309
V. De Graff, 63
Schuchmann v. Knoebel, 1040, 1053
Schulte V. Louisville & N. R. R., 432,
434
V. North Pacific Transportation
Co., 35
Schultz V. Bower, 925, 932
V. Brenner, 226i
V. Great Eastern R. R., 854
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 317
Schulz V. Jalonick, 451
Schumacher v. St. Louis, 1012a
Schumaker v. St. Paul & D. R. R., 143
Schumann v. Wager, 760
Schurr v. Savigny, 673d
Schuster v. Sanitary District, 1171
Schutt V. Baker, 191, 768
Schuylkill River, etc., R. R. v. Stocker,
1171
Schuwirth v. Thumma, 308
Schuylkill Nav. Co. v. Farr, 940, 942
V. Freedley, 1169
V. Thobum, 926, 1142
Schuylkill R. R. R. v. Stocker, 253
Schwab V. Cleveland, 948
V. Owens, 531a
Schwabacker v. Riddle, 83
Schwann v. Sanders, 12866
Schwarts v. Davis, 682
Schwartz v. Atlantic & P. T. Co., 876
V. Kuhn, 648
V. Missouri, K. & T. Ry., 363, 383c
V. North Jersey St. Ry., 482o
V. Saunders, 655c
V. Schendel, 107o
Schwartz-bauer v. Great Northern Ry.,
1360
Schwarzel v. Holenshade, 1229
Schwartzenbes v. Hass, 753, 755
Schweer v. Schwabacher, 691(i
Schweitzer v. Connor, 934a
Schwerin v. McKie, 317
Schwinger v. Raymond, 852
Schwingschlegl v. Monroe, 1216
Schwitters v. Springer, 439e, 493
Scioto Valley Traction Co. v. Craybill,
380
Scobey v. Finton, 972
ScofBns V. Grandstaff, 973
Scofield V. Churchill, 6926, 692^
V. Day, 275
V. Pennsylvania Co., 576, 1367
V. Tompkins, 407, 408, 411
ScoUans v. Rollins, 492a
Scongale v. Sweet, 107a
Scotland, The, 105 U. S. 24; 596
Scotland, The, 118 U. S. 607; 322, 324
Scott V. Bay, 122, 363a, 927
V. Bevan, 275
V. Boston & N. 0. S. S. Co., 136,
208n, 854
V. Bryson, 363
V. Childers, 565o
V. Colson, 908
V. Com., 1336
V. Cornell, 592
V. Dent, 419
V. Donald, 360, 366, 381
e. DonoraS. R. R., 1154
V. Elliott, 533, 537, 538
V. Flowers, 462
V. Guernsey, 304
V. Hamilton, 481
V. Haverstraw C. & B. Co., 999i
V. Henley, 547, 554a
V. Hunter, 119, 1196
V. Kenton, 125a, 1063
V. Kittanning Coal Co., 752o
V. Lunt, 1285
V. McAlpine, 498
V. McKinnish, 446, 451, 452
V. Manhattan R. R., 1203
V. Mathis, 363
I'. Montgomery, 41, 42, 47, 180,
226/, 481, 485
V. Moss, 128
V. O'Brien, 48, 376, 4806
3018
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Scott V. Phillips, 679o
V. Rogers, 509
V. Rowland, 807c
V. St. Paul, etc., R. R., 1112a
V. Sampson, 451
V. Security F. I. Co., 722
V. Shepherd, 115
V. Sun P. & P. Assoc, 1332
V. Texas Cent. R. R., 852
V. Tyler, 793a
V. Wight, 664a
Scottish- American Mortg. Co. v. Tay-
lor, 984
u. Wilson, 331
Scovill V. Griffith, 854
Scow, No. 190, 841
Scranton v. Tilley, 772
Seranton, G. & W. Co. v. Scranton,
1152a
Scribner v. Clark, 12466
V. Schenkel, 753, 755
Scripps V. Reilly, 448a
Scriver v. Myers, 956
Scroggs V. Cunningham, 311
Scruggs V. Riddle, 753
Scrugham v. Carter, 78
Scudder v. Morris, 302a
Scull V. Briddle, 493
Scullane v. Kellogg, 171a
Scully V. Scully, 673d
Scurlock V. Boone, 67, 1347
Seaboard A. L. Ry. v. Brown, 926
tj. Harris, 195
V. O'Quin, 361, 363a
V. Phillips, 494a
V. Scarborough, 868
V. Smith, 126a
Seaboard Lumber Co. v. Cornelia Plan-
ing Mill Co., 762
Seaboard Mfg. Co. v. Woodson, 98 Ala.
378; 107a
V. Woodson, 94 Ala. 143; 485a
Seabrook v. Moyer, 999(i
V. Raft of R. R. Cross-ties, 592, 593
Seabury v. Am Ende, 1244
V. Ross, 531, 535
Sea Gull, The, 599
Seal V. Holcomb, 361, 565a
Seals V. Augusta So. R. R., 42
Seaman v. Luce, 78
are to sections]
Seaman v. Washington, 1112a, 1163
V. White, 680
Seamore v. Harlan, 959, 1012a
■ Searcy v. Reardon, 908
Searight v. Calbraith, 267
Searl v. School District, 1150, 1174
Searle v. Adams, 325
V. City of Lead, 1123
V. Kanawha & O. Ry., 577
V. Lackawanna R. R., 1161
Searles v. EUzabeth, P. & C. J. Ry.,
1326
Sears v. Bailey, 762
V. Conover, 1330
V. Lydon, 248a, 565c
V. Lyons, 350
V. Seattle Consol. St. R. R., 6
Wash. 227; 1354
V. Seattle Consolidated St. R. R.,
7 Wash. 286; 688
V. Stinson, 1028
V. Wingate, 1041
Seaside, etc.. Bridge Elevated Railroad
V. South Reformed Dutch Church,
1191
Seat V. Moreland, 98, 109
Seaton v. New Orleans Second Munici-
pality, 614
V. Second Municipality, 636j
Seattle v. Board of Home Missions,
1123, 1143a, 1168, 1172a
V. McNamara, 1215
Seattle & M. R. R. v. Roeder, 1143a
Seattle Crockery Co. v. Haley, 682
Seattle & M. Ry. v. Gilchrist, 1163
V. Joergenson, 12866
V. Murphine, 252, 1163, 1171
V. Roeder, 1143a, 1166c
V. Schieke, 1157
Seaver v. Hall, 1012, 1021a
Seavey v. Dennett, 433, 437
V. Shurick, 618
Seawell v. Kansas, C. F. S. & M. R. R.,
857a
Seay v. Greenwood, 683
Second & T. S. P. Ry. v. Philadelphia,
306
Second Nat. Bank v. Bank of Alma,
633c
Second St,, Hariisburg, 331a
Table Of Cases
301D
IReferences
Secor V. Gray, 304
V. Sturgis, 836, 85a
V. Taylor, 1254
Security Ins. Co. v. Kentucky Ins. Co.,
727
Seddon v. Western U. T. Co., 8946
Sedgwick v. Place, 497
Sedro Veneer Co. v. Kwapil, 162
Seed V. Johnston, 667
Seefeld v. Thacker, 734
Seeley v. Bishop, 946
V. Brown, 556
V. New York Cent. & H. R. R. R.,
1367
Seely v. Alden, 932, 941
Seeman v. Biemann, 408
Seemore v. Bennet, 6736
Seevers v. Gabel, 999^
Segal V. Ensler, 999/
Segelke v. Finan, 96, 101, 109
Seger v. Barkhamsted, 47
Segerstrom v. Lawrence, 1347
Segura v. Reed, 844
Seibel v. Sieman, 998
Seibold v. Rogers, 497/
Seidensparger v. Spear, 99
Seidler v. Burns, 457
Seifert v. Western U. T. Co., 8816
Seigworth v. Leffel, 762, 1060
Seller v. Western U. T. Co., 886
Seim V. Krause, 419
Seitz V. People's Sav. Bank, 236, 238
Selby V. Hutchinson, 6556
V. Matson, 417
Selden v. Cashman, 182, 182a, 383a, 387
V. Jacksonville, 1115
V. James, 3016
V. Preston, 340c
Selders v. Brothers, 1251
Seldon v. Dudley E. Jones Co., 974
Self ridge w. Lithgow, 554
Seligman v. Dudley, 789, 972
Selkirk v. Cobb, 496
Sell V. Ward, 251
Sellar v. Clelland, 246, 441, 739
Sellars v. Foster, 1249
V. Kinder, 66
Selleck v. French, 310
V. Janesville, 2216, 486a
V. Tallman, 3016, 1021a
are to sections]
Seller v. Work, 818
Sellick V. 3. Langdon & Co., 1355
Selma R. & D. R. R. v. Keith, 1137,
1161, 1165
V. Redwine, 1165
Selma Street & S. R. R. v. Owen, 1348
Selover v. Harpending, 793a
Selser v. Ferriday, 533
Seltzer v. Saxton, 486c
Sembler v. Cowperthwait, 1367
Semple v. Bank of British Columbia,
918
V. Whorton, 975
Senft V. Manhattan R. R., 1202
Senior v. Metropolitan Railway, 1103
Senglaup v. Acker Process Co., 947
Sensinger v. Boyer, 565a
Sentell v. Kennedy, 344
Serafina v. Galveston H. & S. A. Ry.,
226/
Serenson v. Northern Pac. R. R., 1367
Serfling v. Andrews, 167, 984
Sergyt). Helena L. & R. Co., 1367
Serrell v. Collins, 1226
Serviss v. Ferguson, 599c
Serwe v. Northern P. R. R., 150, 865
Sesler v. Rolfe Coal & C. Co., 490
Sessions v. Pintard, 688
V. Romadka, 1230
Seton V. Delaware Ins. Co., 711
V. Hoyt, 337
Setzler v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1348
V. Penn. S. V. R. R., 1142
Seven Brothers, The, 5995
Seventh St. P. M. Co. v. Schaefer, 648a
Seventy-Third St. Bldg. Co. v. Jencks;
973, 974
Sewall's F. B. Co. v. Fisk, 187
Sexton V. Brock, 1326, 1327
V. North Bridgewater, 1129
Seyfert v. Bean, 188, 988a
Seyfried v. Knoblauch, 966, 975, 981
Seymour v. Continental Insurance Co.,
325
V. Davis, 1042
V. Fellows, 664a
V. Harvey, 554, 686
V. Ives, 505
V. McCormick, 1216, 1220, 1228,
1230, 1234, 1239
3020
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Seymour v. Merrills, 451
V. Oelrichs, 666
V. Van Slyck, 692e
Shaaber v. Reading City, 1154a, 1157
Shaber v. St. Paul, M. & M. Ry.,
574a
Shackamaxon Bank v. Yard, 692a
Shackleford v. Helm, 341
Shadwell v. Hutchinson, 74
Shaefer v. Dickinson, 519
V. Gildea, 1067
Shaeffer v. Hodges, 704
Shafer v. Sloan, 418
V. Wilson,, 182, 925, 927
Shafer, F. & C. S. Co. v. E. M. Upton
C. S. Co., 312
Shaffer v. Austin, 481
V. Lee, 90, 636i, 636j
Shahan v. Smith, 531o
Shakespeare v. Markham, 616
Shakford v. Goodwin, 554
Shalgren v. Red Cliff Lumber Co., 1355
Shallenberger v. Standard S. M. Co.,
642
Shaller v. Brand, 334
Shallies v. Wilcox, 1057
Shamp V. Lambert, 1309
Shanahan v. Transit Co., 171
Shankland v. Hamilton, 688a
Shanklin v. Gray, 101
Shanks v. Griffin, 655c
V. Stephens, 345
V. Stumpf, 377
V. Whitney, 1027
Shannahan v. Waterbury, 1151
Shannon v. Bruner, 1232a
V. Burr, 98, 101
V. Comstock, 206, 211, 612o, 711,
858, 1024
V. Dodge, 688
V. Loeb, 999i
V. Northern Pao. Ry., 1342
V. Simms, 462
Shano v. Fifth Ave. & H. St. B. Co.,
1163, 1165
Sharon v. Mosher, 164a, 762
Sharon Town Co. v. Morris, 1293
Sharp V. Barker, 334
V. New York, 990c
Sharpe v. Bettis, 762
Sharpe v. Hunter, 683
V. Lee, 330
V. Southern Ry., 150, 189, 190, 850
Sharpley v. Brown, 1249
Sharp's Pub. Co. v. Grant, 636c
Sharpsville Furnace Co. v. Snyder, 753
Shartle v. Hutchinson, 447, 449
1). Minneapolis, 1326
Shatto V. Crocker, 458
Shattuck V. Adams, 98, 789, 793a
V. Lamb, 956
V. M'Arthur, 443
V. Stoneham Branch R. R., 1130
V. Wilton R. R., 3406
Shaubut V. St. Paul Ry., 35
Shaver v. 3. Neils Lumber Co., 1359
ShawK. Arden, 1038
V. Boston & W. R. R., 1327
V. Bradstreet, 962
V. Brown, 365
V. Chicago & G. T. Ry., 1359
V. Commiskey, 2266, 932, 948
V. Etheridge, 91
V. Ferguson, 80
V. Gilbert, ^16, 439/
V. Hoffman, 21 Mich. 151; 1261
V. Hoffman, 25 Mich. 163; 188, 194
V. Holland, 736, 745
V. Jones, 610
V. Laughton, 567
J). Macon, 240
V. Norfolk County R. R., 346
V. Nudd, 734
V. Philadelphia, 1157
V. Picton, 288
V. Pilling, 1246c
V. Rigby, 326, 328
V. Shaw, 1012a
t). Smith, 191, 768
V. South Carolina R. R., 844
V. Southern Pac. R. R., 485o, 1326
V. Stone, 1189
I). Turnpike, 655o
V. Western U. T. Co., 849a, 894o
V. White, 921, 922
V. Wilkins, 959," 1012
Shaw-Walker Co. v. Fitzsimmons, 610
Shawe v. Felton, 713
Shawhan v. Van Nest, 752
Shawnee v. Slankard, 1306, 1354
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
3021
Shawneetown v. Mason, 1138
Shay V. Camden & S. Ry., 43i
V. Thompson, 372, 384, 487
V. Tuolumne Water Co., 1282
Shea ». Campbell, 906
V. Kerr, 668
V. R. R., 490
Sheahan v. Collins, 451
V. Barry, 639, 641
Sheard v. United States Fidelity
& Guaranty Co., 416
V. Welbum, 1017
Shearer v. Park Nursery Co., 768
V. Ranger, 976, 979
Shearon v. Henderson, 278
Sheedy v. Union Press Brick Works, 107
Sheehan ». Dalrymple, 273
V. Edgar, 86c, 180, 226/, 483
V. Fall River, 1154o
Sheehy v. Kansas City Gable R. R.,
1123
Sheels ». Davies, 1038, 1068
Sheets v. Andrews, 959
V. Joyner, 987, 988
Sheffey v. Gardiner, 959, 981
Sheffield v. Linn, 823
V. Page, 207
SheffiU V. Van Deusen, 445, 449
Sheik V. Hobson, 362
Shelboume v. Law Investment & Ins.
Corp., 714
Shelby v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 366
V. Missouri Pac. R. R., 212, 842
Shelby County v. Castetter, 486
Shelbyville L. B. R. R. v. Lewark, 195,
.593
Sheldon v. Baumann, 366
V. Boston & A. R. R., 1119
V. Carpenter, 458, 459
V. Leahy, 657
V. Martin, 334
V. Sherman, 653
V. Southern Express Co., 79
V. Upham, 546
V. Van Slyke, 71
Shelton v. French, 736
V. Gill, 420
V. Railroad Co., 865
Shelton Co. v. Birmingham, 1163
Shemel v. Givan, 310
Shenandoah Valley R. R. v. Shephard,
252, 1169, 1172e
Shenongo & A. R. R. v. Braham, 253,
932, 941, 1142
Shepard v. Brenton, 335
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 44, 47,
865
V. Manhattan R. R., 12056
V. Merrill, 448c
V. Milwaukee Gas Light Co., 182
V. Pettit, 934
V. Pratt, 1264
V. Ryers, 1019
Shepherd v. GambiU, 685j
V. Field, 818b
V. Hampton, 745, 513
V. Johnson, 508, 744
V. McQuilkin, 317
V. Pepper, 334
V. R. R., 1144
V. Shepherd, 311e
V. Willis, 1293
V. Young, 933
Shepherd, Croan & Co. v. Templeman,
735c
Sheppard v. Dowling, 656
Sherburne v. Orleans Cotton Press Co.,
667
Sheridan v. Hibbard, 41, 47, 180, 481,
485
V. Van Winkle, 305
Sherlag v. Kelley, 570, 1257
Sherley v. Billings, 1369
Sherlock v. Ailing, 67a, 583
V. Kimmell, 673o
V. Powell, 659
Sherman v. Billings, 762
V. Champlain Tr. Co., 667
V. Clark, 533
V. Connor, 618, 619
V. Dutch, 364, 366, 373a, 990o
V. F. R. Iron Works Co., 83, 223,
2266
V. Finch, 82
V. Gray, 426
V. Hudson R. R. R., 854
V. Mayor, 664
V. Milwaukee R. R., 95, 924, 924a
V. Parish, 36a
V. Philadelphia & R. R. R., 346
3022
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Sherman v. Rawson, 639
V. St. Paul, M. & M. R. R., 253
V. Savery, 918
V. Wells, 317, 844
V. Western Stage Co., 1367
Sherman Center Town Co. v. Leonard,
205, 608
Sherman G. & E. Co. v. Belden, 947,
948
Sherman House Hotel Co. v. Cirkle,
1826
Sherman S. & S. Ry. v. Eaves, 1365
Sherrell v. Goodrum, 692d
V. Shepard, 311b
Sherrick v. Wyland, 1027a
Sherrill v. Shuford, 550, 554
u. Western U. T. Co., 876
Sherrod v. Langdon, 125, 768, 769
Sherry v. Frecking, 1278
V. Schuyler, 60
Sherwood v. Chicago & W. M. Ry., 47,
481, 483, 484, 485
V. Hauser, 664a
V. Johnson, 970
V. Kyle, 1335
V. Lafayette, 1154a
V. Moore, 327
V. St. Paul, etc., R. R., 11656
V. Sutton, 777
Sheyer v. Lowell, 1347
Shevalier v. Postal Tel. Co., 1151
Shibley v. Gendron, 438, 1334
Shields v. Anderson, 312
V. Henderson, 924, 931
V. Henry, 308
V. Lozear, 3406
V. Pettie, 762
V. Smith, 692j
V. Washington Tel. Co., 874, 890
Shiff V. Louisiana S. I. Co., 717
ShiUing v. Carson, 451
Shimer v. Easton R. R., 1129, 1142
Shinn v. Wooderson, 302a
Shinnabarger v. Shelton, 1027
Ship Nathaniel Hooper, 841
Shipley v. Baltimore & Potomac R. R.,
1148
V. Fifty Associates, 33
V. Hammond, 285
Shipman v. Bailey, 326
are to sections]
Shipman v. Fletcher, 20 D. C. 245; 468
V. Fletcher, 95 Va. 685; 341
V. Miller, 311a
V. State, 302, 310, 314
Shippen v. Curry, 556
Shippen & Robbin's Appeal, 1306
Shirely v. Cedar Rapids I. F. & N. Ry.,
924, 932, 948
V. Jacobs, 1074
Shires v. O'Connor, 657, 659
Shirey v. Clark, 914
Shirk V. Lingeman, 1012, 1016
V. Mullen, 546
Shiverick v. R. J. Gunning Co., 932
Shobe V. Carr, 3406
Shock V. McChesney, 446
Shockey v. McCauley, 449
Shoe V. Maerky, 762
Shoemaker v. Acker, 624
V. Crawford, 989
V. U. S., 1162
ShoUenberger v. Brinton, 270
Shook V. Laufer, 982
V. Peters, 386, 488
Shores v. Brooks, 363a, 373, 3836
Shores Lumber Co. v. Starke, 842
Short V. Abemathy, 278, 279c
V. Coffeen, 704
V. Kalloway, 804
V. Mattesin, 762
V. Moore, 644
V. Philadelphia, B. & W. R. R.,
574a
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 1342
V. Skipwith, 38
Short Route Transfer, etc., R. R. v.
Fulton, 1165a
Shorthill v. Ferguson, 961, 981
Shortly v. Miller, 447
Shortridge v. Searritt Estate. Co., 47,
1358
Shortsleeve v. New York C. & H. R. R.,
1347
Shose V. Neiswaanger, 741
Shotwell V. Boehm, 911
V. Dodge, 101, 937, 941
V. Jefferson Ins. Co., 725
V. Wendover, 54, 493a, 506
Shoulty V. Miller, 452
Shouse V, Neiswaanger, 734
TABLE OF CASES
3023
[References
Shover v. Myrick, 90, 633a
Showles V. Freeman, 678-
Shows V. Pendry, 688, 688o
Shrader v. Cleveland, C, C. & St. L.
Ry., 1152a
Shreffler v. Nadelhoffer, 681a, 688a
Shreve ». Brereton, 413, 417, 735
Shreveport & R. R. V. Ry. v. Hinds,
1162
Shroyer v. Bash, 687
Shryer v. Morgan, 1012a
Shubert v. Sonheim, 416
Shuler v. Garrison, 554
ShuU V. Barton, 692i
Shult V. Barker, 950
Shultz V. Morrison, 685™, 984
Shulz V. Morrison, 682a
Shuman v. Smith, 988
Shumway v. Colhns, 999c
i;. Walworth & N. Manuf. Co.,
1216
Shunick v. Thompson, 68Sa
Shupack V. Gordon, 359, 372
Shute V. Taylor, 415
Shuter v. Philadelphia, 1120
Shutt V. Lockner, 988
Sias V. Reed City, 482
Siber v. Larkin, 999c
Sibley v. Hoar, 226J
V. Nason, 67, 482
V. Pine County, 306
V. Prescott Ins. Co., 722
Sickels V. Borden, 1216, 1217, 1220
V. Fort, 1047
V. Herold, 3146
Sickman v. Lapsley, 341
Sickra v. Small, 448c, 451
Siddell V. Vickers, 1230
Sidener v. Essex, 1148, 1149
Sidmonds v. Brooklyn Heights R. R.,
1355
Sieber v. Great Northern R. R., 1367
Siedler v. Seely, 1136
Sieferer v. St. Louis, 910
Sievers u. Brown, 1012a
Sigafus V. Porter, 778, 1030
Sigel-Campion Live Stock Com. Co. v.
Holly, 492a, 495
Sigur V. Burguieres, 904
Sikesw.Wild, 1002, 1011
are to sections]
Silberhorn Co. v. Wheaton, 762
Silberstein v. Dulufch News-Tribune
Co., 614, 617
V. Houston, W. S. & P. F. R. R.,
1357
V. Wm. Wicke Co., 1372
Silica V. Warden, The, 593
Sill V. Rood, 1060
Silliman v. Gano, 1171, I256h
Sills V. Fort Worth & D. C. Ry., 580
Silsbe V. Lucas, 680
Silsby V. Foote, 1244
V. Michigan Car Co., 181, 482a
Silurian Mineral Spring Co. v. Kuhn,
170
Silva V. Homen, 990a
Silver v. Dom. Tel. Co., 360, 377
V. Kent, 373a, 374
Silver Creek N. & I. Co. v. Mangum,
927
Silver V. M. Co. v. Baltimore G. & S.
M. & S. Co., 303
Simeon v. Lindsay, 226o
Simmes v. Hampson, 308
V. Marine I. Co., 841
Simmonds v. Henchy, 549
Simmons v. Bradford, 557
V. Brown, 182, 189, 942
V. Camp, 808o
V. Clark, 1030
V. Cutreer, 1060
V. Garrett, 334, 678
V. Haas, 1042
V. McConnell, 6716, 578
V. Ocean Causeway, 6556
V. St. Paul & Chicago Ry., ,1148
V. Western U. T. Co., 894
Simmons, In re, 113 N. Y. Supp. 890
1151
Simmons, In re, 114 N. Y. Supp. 575
253
Simmons, In re, 121 N. Y. Supp. 113
253
Simmons, In re, 125 N. Y. Supp. 697
253
Simmons, In re, 127 N. Y. Supp. 940
11716
Simmons, In re, 141 App. Div. 120; 253
Simmons, Matter of, 11716
Simon V. Allen, 667
3024
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Simon v. Lanius, 645
V. Levinson, 208
V. Seide, 107d
Simonds v. Cross, 1046
Simone v. Rhode Island Co., 43t2, 43A,
486c
Simoneau v. Pac. E. Ry., 577
Simonin v. New York, L. E. & W. R. R.,
860
Simons v. Brown, 184
V. Bushy, 47, 477
V. Clark, 1030
V. Patchett, 836
V. Walter, S06
V. Ypsilanti Paper Co., 636o, 753
Simons, In re, 253
Simpkins v. Low, 257
Simplex R. A. Co. v. Western R. & B.
Co., 927
Simpson v. Alexander, 493a
tt. Ball, 612, 667
». Belvin, 959
V. Black, 640a
V. Davis, 1235, 1241
V. Feltz, 311a
V. Grayson, 473, 476
V. Griffin, 705, 803
V. Kansas City, 235o
V. Keokuk, 221, 225
V. London & N. W. Ry., 164, 182,
856a
V. M'Caffrey, 929a
». McDonald, 655e, 656
V. Markwood, 363a, 387
V. N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., 873
V. Pitman, 1326
V. Robinson, 104 La. 180; 1370
V. Robinson, 12 Q. B. 511; 447
V. Seavey, 946
Simpson Brick-Press Co. v. Marshall,
153
Simpson Bros. Corp. v. John R. White
& Son, 419
Sims V. Glazener, 2266, 436
V. Goudelock, 304
V. Harris, 676
V. Willing, 304
Sinclair v. Bowles, 659
V. Stanley, 363a, 364, 935a
V. Tallmadge, 656, 657
Sinclair v. Tarbox, 435
Sines v. Superintendents of the Poor,
664
Sing V. Malcolm, 828
Singapore and Hebe, The, 587
Singer v. Famsworth, 735c
V. Pearson-Page Co., 493, 493o,
1296
Singer Mfg. Co. v. Cramer, 1220
V. Holdfodt, 380, 1325
V. Potts, 1039
V. Reeves L. Co., 614
V. Rejrnolds, 681a
Singer S. M. Co. v. Phipps, 484, 1363
Singer S. N. Co. v. Phipps, 482
Single V. Schneider, 24 Wis. 299; 934
I). Schneider, 30 Wis. 570; 375, 534
Singleton v. Allen, 956, 977
V. Kennedy, 367, 777
V. Lewis, 345
V. Singleton, 311c
V. Southwestern R. R., 1342
I). Wilson, 606a, 613, 614
Sinker v. Diggins, 620, 760, 1044
i;. Kidder, 189, 765
Sinnickson v. Johnson, 1107
Sinsheimer v. Tobias, 789
Sinskie v. Brust, 540
Sinton v. Greer, 325
Sioux City •& P. R. R. v. Weimer, 1123
Sioux C. R. R. ». Brown, 331a
Sipple V. Laclede Gaslight Co., 1367
Sire t). Ellithope A. B. Co., 336
Sissing V. Beach, 1256
Sisson V. Cleveland & T. Railroad, 854
Sithin V. Shelby County Com'rs, 337
Sitton t). MacDonald, 134a
Sivley v. Sivley, 1338
Sixth Ave. R. R. v. Manhattan R. R.,
1190
V. Metropolitan Elevated Railroad,
138 N. Y. 548; 1190
V. Metropolitan El. Ry., 56 Hun,
182; 1208
Skaaraas v. Finnegan, 836, 1012
Skaggs V. Emerson, 999c
Skagit R. & L. Co. v. Cole, 164
Skeen v. Springfield E. & T. Co., 256
Skinker v. Butler County, 340&
V. Clute, 3146
TABLE OF CASES
3025
[References
Skinn v. Reutter, 125
Skinner v. Allison, 109
V. Franklin Co., 346
V. London M. A. Corp., 107a
V. Phillips, 692
V. Pinney, 317, 493, 502, 934
V. Powers, 451
V. Tinker, 193
Skipper v. Clifton Manuf. Co., 380
Skipurth v. Clinch, 307
Skirving v. Stobo, 307
Skogland v. Minneapolis S. R. R., 85c
Skottowe V. Oregon Short Line Ry.,
574o
Skrainka v. Oertel, 685ji
Slack V. Stephens, 685A
Slade's Case, 1034
Slagle V. Entrekin, 681a, 692j
Slanter v. Favorite, 8186
Slater v. Emerson, 657
V. Kimbro, 468
V. Mersereau, 36a
». Rink, 1345
V. Sherman, 372, 386
Slattery v. St. Louis, 1140, 1149, 1165a
Slaughter v. Denmead, 151
V. M'Rae, 762
V. Marlow, 755
Slauter v. Favorite, 814
Slavin v. State, 932
Slayback v. Jones, 1055
Sledge V. Reid, 191, VZXd
V. Swift, 1031
Sleeman v. Waterous, 407, 415
Sleppy V. Bank of Commerce, 538
Slette V. Great Northern Ry., 1348
Sleuter v. Wallbaimi, 734
Slezak v. St. Louis Transit Co., 1354
Slifer V. State, 565
Sligo Furnace Co. v. Holart-Lee Tie
Co., 934
Slingerland v. Bennett, 442
V. International C. Co., 99
V. Swart, 303, 311a
Slipperly v. Stewart, 313
Sloan V. Alleghany Co., 762
V. Baird, 312, 313, 1007
V. Cobum, 531a
V. Dale, &7Zd
V. Edwards, 1216, 385
190
are to sections]
Sloan V. Gibbes, 801, 8075
V. Hart, 84, 984
V. Petric, 447
Sloane v. Langert, 683
V. McCauley, 1369
V. Southern Cal. R. R,, 436, 43;j,
47, 1216, 1342
Slocum V. Riley, 554a
Sloggy V. Crescent Creamery Co., 164a,
765
Sloman v. Walter, 395
Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron Co. «. Drane,
5716
V. Holloway, 583
V. Mitchell, 2146
V. O'Neal, 366
V. Stewart, 485a
Slosson V. Beadle, 417, 423
Slusser v. Burlington, 655
Small V. Douthitt, 330
SmaU V. Pool, 777
V. Reeves, 973
Smalley v. Appleton, 1363
V. Railroad, 1148
V. Smalley, 373
Smalling v. Jackson, 170a, 200, 373a
Smart v. Allegart, 999d
V. Kansas City, 120a, 1216
V. O'Callaghan, 336
Smedes v. Bank, 819
V. HooghtaHng, 678
Smedley v. Hestonville M. & F. P. Ry.,
860
Smeed v. Foord, 159, 164, 226d, 740
Smethurst v. Woolston, 514, 747
Smiles v. Hastings, 932
Smiley v. Barker, 723a
Smith V. Ackerman, 973
V. Alexander, 303
V. Alexandria, 1112
V. Am. Exp. Co., 851
V. Ankrim, 999c
V. Atlas P. C. Co., 614
V. Baechler, 504, 934
V. Bagwell, 360, 372, 386
V. Baker, 20 Fed. 79; 127a
V. Baker, 22 Blatch. 240; 214a
V. Bangham, 1106
V. Bates, 493
V. Benson, 905
3026
TABLE
(References
Smith V. Bergengren, 423
V. Berry, 734, 737
V. Blair, 302a
V. BoUes, 778, 1029
V. Booth, 594, 698
V. Brady, 659
V. Braun, 639
V. Brown, 418
V. Buffalo, 339
11. Butler, 310
V. Carney, 979
V. Cashie & C. R. & L. Co., 665
V. Charter Oak L. I. Co., 730
V. Chicago & A. R. R., 108 Mo.
243; 171a
V. Chicago & A. Ry., 127 Mo. App.
160; 226d
V. Chicago C. & D. R. R., 221o,
228, 937
V. Chicago, P. & S. L. Ry., 1367
V. Colonial Mut. F. Ins. Co., 723
ti. Commonwealth, 1171
u. Compton, 3 B. & A. 407; 805,
979, 982
V. Compton, 67 N. J. L. 548; 638
V. Condry, 175, 593, 596
V. Conrad, 306
V. CoUidge, 750
V. Coopeia, 339a
V. Corege, 376
V. Cozart, 762
V. Crosby, 607
V. Crouse, 688
V. Curran, 647c
V. Davis, 150 Ala. 106; 642
t. Davis, 44 Kan. 362; 970
». Day, 685
V. Des Moines, 1347, 1348
V. Dickenson, 402
V. Dillingham, 535
V. Duffy, 778
V. Duke, 533
V. Dunlap, 276, 519, 734, 746
V. Dye, 361
V. Eau Claire, 1112
.V. Erwin, 688
V. Eubanks, 182, 988a
V. Fahey, 372
V. Felt, 1334
E). First Cong. IMeeting House, 657
OF CASES
are to sections]
Smith V. Flanders, 156, 194, 341, 642
V. Flannery, 1345
V. Fletcher, L. R. 7 Ex. 305; 33
V. Fletcher, 2 App. Cas. 781; 33
V. Floyd County, 1123, 1137
V. Foster, 661
V. Fox, 866
V. Frio County, 1295
V. Frost, 223
«. Gale, 924
V. Geraty, 556
V. German Bank, 341
V. Goff, 80a
V. Gonder, 502, 933, 934
V. Goodman, 182, 376, 470
V. Grant, 44a
V. Green, 122 S. W. 919; 645
V. Green, 1 C. P. D. 92; 111, 125,
765, 769
V. Griffith, 228c, 249, 847
V. Gugerty, 657, 1291
V. Hall, 637, 638
V. Hartog, 53
V. Hatcher, 576, 580a
V. Healey, 60
V. Heibel, 1348
V. Hicks, 93 Pac. 138; 633e
V. Hicks, 14 N. M. 560; 937
V. Hill, 1291
V. Holcomb, 47, 358, 359
V. Honey, 1285
V. Houston, 531
V. Howell, 803, 1000
V. Hubbell, 444
V. Hudson, 973
«. Huesman, 681a
V. Hughes, 966, 973, 978
V. Huizar, 107a
V. Hyndman, 839
V. Independent Line of Telegraph,
886
V. Jansen, 686
V. Jefts, 106, 973
V. Johnson, 23 Cal. 63; 304
V. Johnson, 45 Iowa, 308; &73d
V. Johnson, 76 Pa. 191; 214c
V. Johnson, 2 Q. B. 61; 43^
V. Jones, 11 Tex. Civ. App. 18; 990a
V. Jones, 15 Johns. 229; 85
V. Kansas City, 1140, 1164, 1172a
TABLE OF CASES
3027
Smith
[References
V. Keith & P. Coal Co., 734
Kirkpatrick, 1027, 1028
Knight, 310a
Lander, 1023
Lehigh V. R. R., 177 N. Y. 379;
573a, 580a
Lehigh V. R. R., 61 App. Div.
46; 1367
Leo, 45, 8736
Lichtenstein, 1309
Loag, 1076, 753
Lockwood, 946
London & N. W. Ry., 584
London & S. W. Ry., 1216, 139
Long Island R. R., 671
Los Angeles & P. Ry., 186, 620
Lovelace, 446
Lloyd, 968
Luse, 345
McGuire, 211, 858
McKinney, 270
McLean, 999c
Macomber, 1332, 1336
Macon, 687
Manufacturers' Ins. Co., 719
Mason, 8076
Masten, 1325
Matthews, 152 N. Y. 157; 377
Matthews, 6 Misc. 162; 368
Mayer, 762
Meyers, 1340
Middleton, 368
Miller, 565a
Mine & S. S. Co., 251
Morgan, 68 Wis. 358; 934a
Morgan, 73 Wis. 375; 333, 934a
Mosby, 689
Nassau Electric R. R., 1353
New Decatur, 932
New Haven & N. R. R., 854
New Jersey & H. R. R. & F. Co.,
1309
Newell, 413
O'DonneU, 126c, 614, 6476
Osbom, 726d, 1041
Overby, 47
Owsley, 439^
Packard, 1027
Parker, 1076, 153a
Peat, 210, 999^
are to sections]
Smith V. Perry, 556
V. Pettel, 755
V. Phila., W. & B. R. R., 387
V. Philips, 82, 531a
V. Phillips, 984, 987
«. Pike, 336
V. Pittsburg, F. W. & C. Ry., 47,
865
V. Postal T. C. Co., 4Sh
V. Price, 623, 817
V. Pullman Co., 873a
V. Putnam, 310a
V. Putney, 565
V. R. R., 35 Ind. App. 188; 579
V. R. R., 63 N. Y. 58; 1164
V. Railway, 88 Tenn. 611; 1154c
V. Raleigh, 999c
V. Richardson, 844
V. Riddell, 789
V. Roby, 538
V. Rogers, 789
V. Royse, 901
V. St. Joseph, 55 Mo. 456; 486a
V. St. Joseph, 122 Mo. 643; 1140
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 864a
V. St. Paul, M. & M. Ry., 43^
». St. Paul, M. & N. R. R.,
1165a
ji. San Antonio, 927, 1130, 1166i
V. Sanborn State Bank, 45
V. Savin, 512a
V. Shaffer, 308
V. Shaw, 275
V. Shepard, 999c
V. Sherman, 1266
V. Sherry, 934a
V. Sherwood, 30, 363a, 364, 365,
367, 368, 436
V. Shumway, 451
V. Singles, 377
V. Sloss M. L. Co., 734
V. Smith, 4 Wend. 468; 400, 418
W.Smith, 39 Pa. 441; 452
V. Smith, 45 Vt. 433; 647
B.Snyder, 77 Va. 732; 734, 737,
753
V. Snyder, 82 Va. 614; 734
V. Spokane, 1354
ti. Sprague, 238, 980a, 982
V. State, 692
3028 TABLE
[References
Smith V. Steinkamper, 762
V. Stevens, 33 Colo. 427; 537
V. Stevens, 14 Colo. App. 491; 537,
538
V. Stewart, 1012o
V. Stewart, The, 599c
V. Strong, 964, 966
V. Symonds, 1325
V. Teer, 795
V. Thackerah, 104
V. Third Ave. R. R., 1347
V. Thompson, 55 Md. 5; 364, 366,
387
V. Thompson, 8 C. B. 44; 665
t). Tilden, 999
V. Times Co., 1335
V. Todd, 334
V. Tooke, 550
V. Turner, 3146
V. United States, 642
V. Vanderhorst, 678
V. Velie, 313
f . Wainright, 408, 410, 411, 418,
676
V. Washington, 1108, 1112
V. Way, 626
V. Wayne Coxmty, 112
V. Weed S. M. Co., 607
V. Werkheiser, 777
V. Western U. T. Co., 80 Neb. 395;
891
V. Western U. T. Co., 150 Pa. 561;
171d, 856a
V. Wheeler, 751
V. Whitaker, 331
V. White, 912
V. Whittier, 1354
V. Whiting, 98, 689
V. Whitman, 854
t). Wise, 999c
u. Woodfine, 639fl
V. Wunderlich, 182, 365, «31, 984
V. Zent, 432a
Smith American Organ Co. v. Abbott,
999i
Smith Bros. & Co. v. New Orleans &
N. E. R. R., 852
Smith County v. Lahore, 1154
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 844
Smitha v. Gentry^, 200
OF CASES
are to sections]
Smithwick v. Ward, 386
Smitson v. Southern Pacific Co., 484
Smittey v. Pinch, 1335
Smock V. Smock, 624, 737
Smoots V. Foster, 767
Smoot's Case, 758
Smyrna, L. & P. S. B. Co. v. Whillden,
196
Smyth V. Lichtenstein, 1309
Smythe v. U. S., 302
Snarr v. Granite Curling & Skating Co.,
93o, 925
Snedecor v. Pope, 71, 1266, 363(i, 364,
366, 929, 988a
Sneed v. Hanly, 31 le
V. Marysville Gas & Electric Co.,
574
Sneesby v. Lancashire & Y. Ry., 124
Snell V. Cottingham, 159, 187, 648a
V. Delaware Ins. Co., 712
V. Iowa H. Co., 979
V. Remington Paper Co., 614
Sneller v. Hall, 984, 984a
Snelling's Adm'r v. Atchison, 326
Sneve v. Lunder, 387
Snickles v. St. Joseph, 1270
Snider v. Snider, 956
Snively v. Fahnestock, 373a
Snoddy v. Foster, 692i
Snodgrass v. Chicago, 1171
V. Reynolds, 185, 984, 987
V. Snodgrass, 692j
Snouffer v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 1162
Snow V. Boston & M. R. R., 1295
V. Carpenter, 387
V. Camith, 1068
V. Eastern R. R., 1288
V. Grace, 1258
V. Nowlin, 316
V. Puhtzer, 134, 189, 988o
V. Schomacker Mfg. Co., 764, 770
V. Ware, 650
Snowden v. Kittanning Ins. Co., 722
V. Waterman, 105 Ga. 384; 769
V. Waterman, 110 Ga. 99; 319
Snyder v. Boviard, 337
V. Frankfield, 691a
V. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry., 1367
V. Lane, 979
V. Nowlin, 1027
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Snyder v. Walker, 673/
V. Western Union R. R., 1148
So Relle v. Western U. T. Co., 45o, 894
Sobel V. N. Y. EI. R. R., 1194
Sobieski v. St. Paul & D. R. R., 1357
Social Register Assoc, v. Murphy, 1246
Soci6t6 Anonyme v. Western Distilling
Co., 1246c
Soci6t6 des Voiliers v. Oregon R. & N.
Co., 693
Society for Prop, of Gospel v. Wheeler,
962
Soderman v. Troy Steel & Iron Co.,
1354
Sober ». Supervisors, 337
Sohier v. WUUams, 3016
Solen V. Virginia & T. R. R., 13 Nev.
106; 1326
V. Virginia & T. R. R., 14 Nev. 405;
334
Sollee V. Meugy, 304
Solms V. Lias, 1261
Solomon v. Chesley, 237
V. New York City Ry., 437
Somenfield Millinery Co. v. People's
R. R., 316
Somerby v. Tappan, 644
Somers v. Musolf, 989
V. Wright, 613
Somerville & E. R. R. v. Doughty, 253,
1149
Sommer v. Adler, 534
Sondegard v. Martin, 361
Sondes, Lord, v. Fletcher, 603
Sonka v. Chatham, 636c
Sonneberg v. Levy, 251
Sonneborn v. Stewart, 182, 468
Sontag V. O'Hare, 992
Soper V. New York, 941
Sopp V. Winpenny, 911, 919
Sopris V. lilley, 78
V. Webster, 531
Sorenson v. Oregon Power Co., 1356
Sorgenfrei v. Schroeder, 47
Sossitti V. Valente, 189
Soulard v. St. Louis, 924a
Soule V. Soule, 308a
V. Union Bank, 623
V. White, 76
South V. Leary, 312
3029
are to sections]
South & N. A. R. R. V. McLendon, 41,
47, 180, 226, 481, 485
V. Wood, 246, 844, 1297
South African Territories v. Wallington,
622
South Bend v. Paxon, 942, 947, 948
South Bound Brick Co. v. GoUer, 46a
South C. & C. S. Ry. t. Gest, 762
South Carolina v. Port Royal, etc.,
R. R., 310
South Carolina Society v. Johnson, 6926
South Covington & C. S. Ry. v. Quinn,
1342
!;. Raymer, 1257, 1258
V. Weber, 1357
South Memphis L. Co. v. McLean H.
L. Co., 630
South Park Comrs. v. Dunlevy, 253,
331a, 1151
South Penn Oil Co. v. Stone, 685a
South Omaha v. Fennell, 1348
South Side Realty Co. v. St. Louis &
S. F. R. R., 942
South Texas Tel. Co. v. Huntington,
621
Southall V. Parish, 801
Southard v. Rexford, 45, 637, 640a
Southcombe v. Armstrong, 364
Southern Bell Tel. Co. v. Cassin, 571c
Southern Building & Loan Assoc, v.
Price, 655/
Southern C. & F. Co. v. Adams, 385
Southern C. P. & M. Co. v. Bra,dley,
368
Southern C. R. R. v. Moravia, 325, 339
Southern Car & F. Co. v. State, 332
Southern Cotton Oil Co. v. Heflin, 636c,
752
V. Henshaw, 909a
Southern Cotton Press Co. v. Galveston
Wharf Co., 1143
Southern Exp. Co. v. Briggs, 854
V. Brown, 378, 1263
V. Crook, 851
V. Fox, 852
ti. Hanaw, 854
V. Owens, 251, 851
V. Wood, 844
Southern F. & G. Co. v. McGeehan,
734
3030
TfABLE ot Cases
[References are to sections]
Southern H. & S. Co. v. Standard E.
Co., 226a
Southern I. & E. Co. v. Holmes Lumber
Co., 220, 226
Southern I. R. R. v. Moore, 575, 580o
Southern Ins. Co. v. White, 302
Southern K. Ry. v. Burgess, 852
V. Clark, 873
V. Isaacs, 226b
V. McSwain, 44, 47
V. O'Loughlin L. & C. Co., 843a
r. Rice, 42, 47, 368, '380
Southern Marble Co. v. Darnell, 941
Southern Oil Works v. Bickford, 1302
Southern Pac. Co. v. American Well
Works, 607
V. Ammons, 43/
V. Amett, 317
V. Blake, 1365
V. Craner, 1342
V. Fitchett, 1331
V. Hall, 485a
V. Hart, 1326
V. Hetzer, 47
V. Lafferty, 574a, 575
V. Maddox, 851
V. Tomlinson, 1330
V. Wilson, 1367
Southern P. R. R. v. San PYancisco Sav-
ings Union, 1166c
Southern Ry. v. Barlow, 222, 865
V. Barr, 368
V. Brewer, 105 S. W. 160; 1363
V. Brewer, 117 S. W. 958; 1353
V. Bryant, 1342
V. Bunt, 377a
V. Burgess, 1349
V. Cash, 1347
V. Coleman, 856
V. Covenia, 573, 575
V. Crowder, 67, 226/, 486
V. Cunningham, 1306
V. Davis, 368
V. Dunlop Mills, 339
V. Ethridge, 70
V. Evans, 574o
D. Goddard, 97 S. W. 392; 1349,
1364
V. Goddard, 108 S. W. 890; 1354
V. Gossett, 1256i
Southern Ry. v. Graddy, 852
t). Greenville, 303
V. Hutcheson, 486
V. Isom, 1356
V. Johnson, 70 S. E. 69; 96
V. Johnson, 101 S. W. 929; 1347
V. Jones Cotton Co., 844
V. Kendrick, 387
V. Lanning, 380
V. Lee, 101 S. W. 307; 368
V. Lee, 119 S. W. 170; 1347
V. Lewis, 856a
V. McEntire, 373
V. McGowan, 481
V.Miller, 110 S. W. 351; 212
V. Miller, 120 S. W. 278; 1342
V. Moody, 152
V. Myers, 159, 161, 863
«. NowUn, 1342
ii. O'Bryan, 363
V. Petway, 171o
V. Poetker, 1172a
V. Proctor, 368
V. Scanlon, 1367
V. Simmons, 490
V. Smith, 203
V. Steams, 226o, 226d
V. T. A. Hatter & Son, 844
V. Thurman, 363, 365
11. Turner, 1347
V. WalUs, 1342
V. Webb, 851, 853
Southern W. L. Co. v. Haas, 311a
Southern W. M. C. & C. Co. v. Daven-
port, 975
Southgate v. Atlantic & P. R. R., 314
Southside R. R. v. Daniel, 85c, 1110
Southwestern C. S. O. Co. v. StribUng,
633b
Southwestern Ins. Co. v. Woods Nat.
Bank, 301
Southwestern M. Ry. v. Harvers, 1165
Southwestern P. C. Co. v. Reitzen, 464
Southwestern R. R. v. Paulk, 43A
V. Rowan, 734
V. Singleton, 1348
Southwestern T. & T. Co. v. Abeles,
1359
V. Flood, 987a
V. Luckett, 370
TABLE OF CASES
3031
[References
Southwestern T. & T. Co. v. Smith-
deal, 1149, 11520, 1166e
V. Solomon, 897a
V. Wilcoxson, 897a
Sowell V. Champion, 564
Sowers v. Sowers, 364, 377, 386, 451
Soyer v. Great Falls Water Co., 574a
Spade V. Lynn & B. R. R., 168 Mass.
285; 436, 43d, 43/
V. Lynn & B. R. R., 172 Mass. 488;
43d, 43i, 140
Spader v. Frost, 686
Spafford v. Goodell, 107d
V. MoNally, 614
Spahn V. Willman, 667
Spain V. Amot, 674
V. Clements, 545
Spalding v. Mason, 1256fc
V. Vandercrook, 1060, 1067
Spanish & P. S. S. S. Co. v. Bell, 506a
Sparhawk v. Walpole, 1154a
Spark V. Heslop, 795
Sparkman v. Western U. T. Co., 879
Sparks v. Bassett, 209, 991
V. Garrigues, 345
V. McCrary, 127a
V. Purdy, 492a
». ReUable D. M. C. Co., 834d
Sparks Mfg. Co. v. Newton, 1164
Sparr v. WeUman, 316
Sparrow v. Paris, 418
Spaulding v. Arlington, 1109
V. Chicago, St. P. & K. C. R. R.,
573a, 584
V. Lord, 330
V. Page, 1217, 1219, 1220
Speakman v. Price, 752
Spear v. Hiles, 360, 372, 385, 457
V. mil, 684
V. Hubbard, 358
V. Smith, 400, 410
V. Stacy, 679&
V. Sweeney, 1345
Specialty Furniture Co. v. Kingsbury,
738
Speck V. Gray, 1338
Speading v. Nevell, 835, 838
Speed V. HolUngsworth, 1027, 1028
Speer v. Phoenix M. L. I. Co., 730
V. Vanorden, 312
are to sections]
Speirs v. Union Drop Forge Co., 90, 199
Speiser v. Bank, 311c
Spellings v. Parks, 639
Spellman v. Bannigan, 992
Spence v. Board Of Commissioners,
655
V. Duffield, 762
V. Hector, 803, 805
V. R. R., 1149
Spencer v. Cramblett, 1337
tj. Halstead, 205
V. Hamilton, 993
Spencer v. Kilmer, 941
V. McMasters, 447, 1326
V. Maxfield, 326
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1140
V. Murphy, 226i, 235o
V. Perry, 677
V. Pierce, 301
V. Prindle, 27o
V. St. Paul & S. C. Ry., 21 Minn.
362; 1265
V. St. Paul & S. C. R. R., 22 Minn.
29; 929
V. San Francisco Brick Co., 368
i^. Simmons, 638, 638a, 640o
V. Tilden, 400
V. Vance, 493
V. Woodbridge, 308a
Spencer Savings Bank v. Cooley, 793a
Sperb V. Metropolitan Elevated Rail-
road, 1190
Sperier v. Ott, iSg
Sperry v. Siedel, 366
Sperry & Hutchinson Co. v. O'Neill,
Adams Co., 616
Spicer v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 860
V. Hoop, 418
». Waters, 496
Spiero v. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
212
Spiers v. Halsted, 735c
Spigelmoyer v. Walter, 940, 1265
Spiking V. ConsoUdated Ry. & P. Co.,
574
Spilman v. Roanoke Nav. Co., 93
Spink V. Mueller, 618, 646a
V. New York, N. H. & H. R. R.,
733
Spinney v. Hill, 6736
3032
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Spires V. Middlesex & M. E. L. H. & P.
Co., 1353
Spiro V. Felton, 580
Spivey v. McGehee, 683
Spofford V. Rhode Island Suburban Ry.,
1347
V. Rowan, 1031
Spohn V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1258
Spokane & Idaho Lumber Co. v. Ley,
678
Spokane & P. Ry. v. Lieuallan, 1151
Spokane Falls & N. R. R. ». Ziegler,
1154a
Spokane Traction Co. v. Granath, 1123,
1130, 1143a
Spoka^ne Truck & D. Co. v. Hoefer, 358
Spolin V. Mo. Pac. Ry., 43/
Spooner v. Cady, 564
V. Daniels, 364
w. Keeler, 448c
». Warner, 334
Spoor V. Holland, 78
Spotten V. De Freest, 777
Sprague v. Atlee, 1357
V. Baker, 956
V. Barrels of Flour, 599c
V. Brown, 58, 494
t). Craig, 638, 6416
t). Lea, 671
V. McKinzie, 58, 226c
V. Morgan, 612
V. Seymour, 686
V. Sprague, 304
V. Wells, 679o
V. West, 857
V. Western U. T. Co., 876, 880, 895
V. Worcester, 1110
Sprague N. B. v. Erie R. R., 932
Spray v. Ammerman, 1044
Spreokels v. Gorrill, 777
Sprenger v. Tacoma Traction Co., 865
Spring V. Chase, 979, 987
V. Haskell, 844
V. Ohiey, 236
V. South Carolina Ins. Co., 341
Spring City Gas Light Co. v. Pennsyl-
vania, etc., R. R., 1161
Spring Valley W. W. v. Drinkhouse,
1171e
Springdale C. A. v. Smith, 613
Springer v. Berry, 1023
V. Chicago, 1138
V. Riley, 989
Sprmgfield v. Dalby, 11656
Springfield & M. Ry. v. Henry, 1164
V. Rhea, 1110, 1134, 1155, 1149,
1164
Springfield & S. Ry. v. Calkins, 1294,
1295
Springfield, City of v. Schmook, 1140
Springfield Consol. Ry. v. Johnson, 1350
V. Wright, 1347
Springfield E. L. & P. Co. v. Calvert,
1367
Springfield Milling Co. v. Barnard &
Leas Manuf. Co., 657
Springfield Nat. Bank v. Coleman, 302a
Springstein v. Field, 451
Springwell u. Detroit P. & N. R. R.,
416o
Sproul V. Huston, 1076
Sproule V. Ford, 519
Sprout V. Newton, 762
Spruill V. Davenport, 1016
Spry V. Missouri, K. & T. Ry., 872
Spunner v. Roney, 1326
Spurck ». Dean, 664
Spurrier v. Elderton, 805
Squier v. Gould, 1265
Squire v. HoUenbeok, 60, 79
V. Somerville, 1151
V. Western U. T. Co., 113, 882
V. Wright, 667
Squires v. Elmwood, 417
Staab V. Borax Soap Co., 734
Staal V. Grand St. & N. R. R., 172, 172o
Staats V. Herbert, 684a
t). Ten Eyck, 316, 957, 981, 983
Stacy V. Graham, 305
V. Kemp, 1040
V. Portland Pub. Co., 361
Staderman v. Heins, 664
Stadler v. Grieben, 91
V. Milwaukee, 1169
Staed V. Rossier, 961, 981
Stafford v. Lang, 259
V. Oskaloosa, 42, 47, 180, 481, 485
V. Providence, 1151, 1162
V. Rubens, 584o
u. Shortreed, 418, 426
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
3033
Stafford v. Western U. T. Co., 897
Stabler v. Philadelphia & R. Ry., 67,
583
Stahnka v. Kreitle, 1250
Stahr V. Hickman Grain Co., 737
Stainback v. Rae, 587
Staker v. Begole, 310
Stallings v. Corbett, 364
V. Whittaker, 364
Stambaugh v. Smith, 968, 973, 979
Stamps V. Tennessee Producers' Marble
Co., 314b
Stanard v. Eldridge, 967, 973
Stanberry v. Dickerson, 834o
Stanbrough v. Barnes, 903
Standard Amusement & Mfg. Co. v.
Champion, 182
Standard B. F. Co. v. Breed, 635
Standard D. & D. Co. v. ffiU, 1257
Standard Oil Co. v. Denton, 90
V. Tiemey, 1355
Standard Supply Co. v. Carter, 165,
189, 630, 735c
Standard S. M. Co. v. Royal Ina. Co.,
722
Standen v. R. R., 486o
Standlee v. St. Louis S. W. Ry., 580a
Standley v. Railway, 937
Staneley's Case, 349
Stanfield v. Phillips, 1271
Stanfield's Estate, In re, 301c
Stanford v. A. F. Messick Grocery Co.,
363
V. Coram, 324a
V. McGill, 636d
Stanley v. Carey, 665
V. Citizens' Coal & Coke Co., 497/
V. Donoho, 537
V. Montgomery, 415
V. Schumpert, 96
V. Turner, 999o
Stanley Dollar, The, 862
StanseU v. Western U. T. Co., 894
Stanton v. Embrey, 1303
V. Henderson, 1272
V. Miller, 633o
V. N. Y. & E. Ry., 96
V. Pritchard, 934
V. Small, 753
Stanwood v. Flagg, 269
Stan wood v. Maiden, 1119
V. Whitmere, 445
Staple V. Spring, 949
Staples V. Dean, 961, 966
V. Parker, 407, 413
V. Schmid, 378, 1336
V. White, 685;/
Stapleton v. King, 745
Star of India, The, 1 P. D. 466; 593
Star of India, The, 3 Aspin. 261; 589
Star Glass Co. v. Morey, 1048, 1060
Starbird v. Barrows, 1216, 1325, 1328
Starbuck, The, 587
Starck v. Washington U. C. Co., 1354
Starin, The, 592
Stark V. Alford, 762
V. Coffin, 269, 271
V. Epler, 1263
V. Hunton, 339a
V. Johnson, 47
V. Olney, 316, 324a, 959, 964, 966
V. Parker, 673/
«. Price, 313a, 319
V. Raney, 684o
V. Starr, 917, 918
Starkey v. Bank of England, 837
V. Waite, 529
Starkweather v. Quigley, 1263
Stame v. Barr, 326
Stames v. Pine Woods Lumber Co.,
1359
V. Railroad, 851
V. Schofield, 695c
Starr v. Light, 734
V. Stark, 908
Starr-Hardnett v. Edmeiston Co. v.
Missouri, K. & T. Ry., 844
Starr Pub. Co. v. Charles Knosher &
Co., 633/
Startup V. Cortazzi, 220, 228^8, 508,
7356, 745
State V. Allen, 682a
V. Andrews, 682
V. Atherton, 694
V. Baden, 554(2
V. Baltimore & O. R. R., 675
V. Beackmo, 1160a
V. Beard, 664
V. Berning, 681a, 692c
V. Berry, 6926
3034 TABLE
OF CASES
[References are to sections]
State V. Binney, 682a
State V. Gage, 682, 682a
V. Bird, 692d
V. Gatzweiler, 692/
V. Bishop, 106
». Gregory, 692j'
V. Blakemore, 678
V. Guenther, 324a
V. Bloxom, 692j
V. Harper, 692/
V. Bobleter, 692/
V. Harrington, 316
V. Boone, 692h
V. Hill, 692/
V. Bowen, 324a
V. Hinsdale-Doyle Granite Co.,
V. Bradnhaw, 688
679b
V. Buck, 692/
V. Hope, 293, 493o
V. Case, 103
V. Houston, 692/
V. Caldwell, 554
V. Hudson Co. Board, 1148
V. Cayee, 692i
V. Hug, 235a
V. City of Kansas, 1140
11. Ingrain, 618
V. City of St. Louis, 1128
V. Johnson, 692i
V. Clarke, 934
V. Kurtzebom, 6926
V. Cobb, 545
V. Lackey, 692d
V. Coombs, 682
V. Lawson, 2 Gill, 62; 692i
V. Copeland, 692/
V. Lawson, 4 Gill, 62; 553, 554
V. Corey, 692a
V. Lyle, 1148
V. Corron, 416
V. Lines, 558
V. Corwin, 685j
V. McAlpin, 692
V. Court, 28 Mont. 544; 1123
V. MacDaniel, 693
V. Court, 30 Mont. 219; 1123
V. McDonou^, 692a
V. Daniels, 692&
V. McGlothHn, 681a
f. Davis, 96 Ind. 539; 693
V. McHale, 682
V. Davis, 117 Ind. 307; 107a
I). McKeon, 682
V. Dawson, 1107
V. Mangum, 692i
V. Deer Lodge, 1123
V. Mayes, 338
V. Dickmann, 1271a
V. Medford, 685^, 685jn
V. Digby, 1130
V. Miller, 180 Fed. 796; 1363, 1365,
V. District Court, 1152a
1369
V. Dixon, 692i
V. Miller, 23 N. J. L. 383; 1148
V. Dodd, 413
V. Miles, 103
V. Druly, 692i
V. ModveU, 1031
V. Edwards, 550
V. Moore, 74 Mo. 413; 692/
V. ElUott, 692d
V. Moore, 56 Neb. 82; 692a
a. Eskridge, 692i
V. Multnomah County, 332
V. Estes, 678
V. Myers, 692i
V. Evans, 3 111. 208; 1138
V. Nevin, 692/
V. Evans, 83 Mo. App. 301; 461,
V. New Jersey & N. Y. R. R., 1148
462
V. Newcomer, 554, 692i
V. FaUs, 554a
V. Northern C. Ry., 1031
V. Fargo, 684
V. Nutter, 681o
V. Finn, 13 Mo. App. 285; 692i
V. Olney, 975
V. Finn, 23 Mo. App. 290; 692c
V. O'Neill, 682a
V. Finn, 87 Mo. 310; 131
». Pacific Guano Co., 935
V. Flarsheim, 682, 682a
V. Paul, 692e
V. Ford, 692
V. Perkins, 692
V. Fox, 441
V. Peterman, 692fc
TABLE OF CASES
3035
[References
State V. Pool, 692i
V. Powell, 214
V. Price, 295
V. Purcell, 685
V. Reinhardt, 106
V. Richardson, Slid
V. Ruggles, 692
V. Ryland, 692ff
V. Ryley, 682
V. Sandusky, 677, 678
V. Sarratt, 333
V. Scoggin, 676
V. Shardlow, 1167
V. Shobe, 682a
V. Smith, 26 Mo. 226; 692e
V. Smith, 31 Mo. 566; 248o, 432o
V. Stark, 682
V. State T. B. Co., 1172a
V. Steen, 333
V. Stevens, 386
V. Strange, 692fc
V. Suffield & T. B. Co., 1149
V. Sunapee Dam Co., 1256d
V. Taylor, 10 S. D. 182; 692
V. Taylor, 68 S. E. 379; 685A;
V. Taylor, 10 Oh. 378; 420
V. Thomas, 680
V. Thresher, 692j
V. Timmons, 692t
V. Tittmann, 692fc
V. Van Winkle, 332
V. Vogel, 334
V. Wall, 692d
V. Ward, 149
V. Warner, 312
V. Washburn, 692k
V. Wayman, 678
V. Weston, 73
V. Windley, 692ff
V. Young, 692a
State Bank v. Brennan, 692i
V. Johnson, 694
V. Locke, 692
V. Martin, 565a
V. Northam, 310
State ex rel. Armour Packing Co. v.
Dickmann, 103
State ex rel. Polster v. Miles, 692i
State ex rel. Schreiber v. Dickmann,
692i
are to sections]
State Ins. Co. v. Jamison, 818a
V. Taylor, 722
State Line R. R. v. Playford, 1149
State of California, The, 593
State Treasurer v. Mann, 694
States V. Durkin, 183
Statler v. George A. Ray Mfg. Co., 44
Staton V. Com., 558
Stauffer v. Garrison, 691d
V. Miller Soap Co., 936
Stavers v. Cushing, 636n
Steadman v. Venning, 1330
Steamboat Co. v. Whilldin, 593
Steamboat New World v. King, 368
Steamship Mediana, The, v. The Light-
ship Comet, 96, 243o, 2436
Steam Stone Cutter Co. v. Windsor
Mfg. Co., 1218, 1244
Stearine Kaarsen Fabrick Gonda Co. v.
Heintzmann, 823
Steam v. Hesdorfer, 980a
Steams v. Barrett, 407, 410
V. Brown, 311b
V. City of Richmond, 1117
V. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry., 666
V. McCullough, 762
V. McGinty, 125, 435
V. Marsh, 80, 1046
V. Mason, 312
V. Steams, 789
V. Swift, 921
Stebbing v. Metropolitan Board of
Works, 1081
Stebbins v. Wolf, 959, 978, 981, 982
Steber v. Chicago & G. W. Ry., 942
Stecker v. Weaver C. & C. Co., 742a
Steed V. McRae, 668
Steel V. Gordon, 685e, 685h, 685j
V. Kurtz, 573a, 579
V. People's Oil & Gas Col, 423
Steele v. Frierson, 301c
V. Hanna, 3406
V. M. E. Andrews & Sons, 766
V. President, etc., of Western In-
land Block Navigation, 1108
V. Sawyer, 705
t). Thatcher, 685m
V. Thompson, 36a, 1247, 1255
V. Western Inland L. N. Co., 1277,
1278
3036
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Steenburgh v. McRorie, 373
Steenrod v. Wheeling, P. & B. R. R.,
301&
Steeples v. Newton, 660
Steer v. Brown, 413
V. Crowley, 107c
Steere v. Benson, 703
V. Hoagland, 316
Steers v. Liverpool & N. Y. & P. S. Co.,
873
Stees V. Kemble, 452
Steever v. Beehler, 449
Steffen v. Mississippi River, etc., R. R.,
842
Steger v. Barrett, 71
Stehr V. Mason C. & P. D. Ry., 1123
Steiger v. Hillen, 921
Steiglider v. Missouri Pac. R. R., 84a
Stein V. Burden, 99,
I). Cozart, 682, 682o
V. Lafayette, 1108, 1110
V. Metropolitan Elevated Railway,
1205
V. Steamboat Prairie Rose, 85
Steinback v. State, 6926
Steinberger v. Western U. T. Co., 371a
Steinbock v. Evans, 678, 686
Steinbuchel v. Wright, 1331
Steinburg v. Gebhardt, 6555
Steiner v. Moran, 41, 481, 485
Steinhart v. Doellner, 805
Steinhardt v. Phelps, 762
Steinman v. McWUliams, 451
Steinmetz v. MetropoUtan El. R. R.,
11986
Steketee v. Kimm, 1282
Stell V. Paschall, 363, 537
Stelle V. Lovejoy, 688
Stemmer v. Scottish Ins. Co., 312, 724
Stemmerman v. Nassau El. R. R., 1329
Stenger v. Carrig, 334
Stephen Morgan, The, 587
Stephen v. Woodruff, 135
Stephens v. Bridge Co., 419
V. Burgess, 3016
V. Crawford, 676
V. Gravit, 1337
V. Hannibal & S. J. R. R., 41, 180,
226/
V. Hendee, 692o
Stephens v. Howe, 271
V. Koonce, 317
V. Schmidt, 1355
V. Taylor, 3776
Stephenson v. Allison, 695c
V. Axon, 301c
V. Harrison, 1011
V. Little, 505
V. Piscataqua F. & M. Ins. Co., 710
V. Price, 516c
V. Repp, 6226, 765
V. Thayer, 256
V. Wright, 55, 383a
Stepp V. Croft, 448d
Sterling v. Peet, 962, 966, 982
Sterling O. Co. v. House, 607, 633
Sterling, The, 590
Stem V. People, 301, 303, 310
V. Rosenheim, 193a, 834c
Stemberger v. Manhattan R. R., 1201
Sterne v. Benbow, 1022
Stemfels v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 577,
1367
Sterrett v. Kaster, 76
Stetson V. Bangor, 1160a
V. Crocksey, 777
V. Faxon, 35, 1194
Steuart v. State of Maryland, 32
Stevens v. Barringer, 339, 341
V. Cedar Rapids, 1112a
V. Corbitt, 302a
V. Danbury, 1160
V. E. & N. A. Ry., 1347
V. Freidman, 359
V. Gwathmey, 341
V. HoUister, 906
!;. Ins. Co., 722o
V. Lockwood, 85
V. Low, 54, 317, 492
V. Lyford, 734, 739, 753, 1261
V. McClure, 101
V. New Jersey & H. R. Ry., 1364
V. New York El. R. R., 1194
V. Rogers, 106, 109
V. Rowe, 556
V. Sabin, 5656
V. Simmons, 302a
V. State, 2146
V. Stevens, 929
V. Tuite, 531, 538, 540
TABLE OF CASES
3037
[References
Stevens v. Union Ry., 1367
V. Walker, 831
V. Webb, 423
V. Wolf, 684a
V. Yale, 197
Stevens Implement Co. v. South Ogden
Water Co., 325
Stevenson v. Belknap, 376, 474
V. Davis, 1025
V. Ebervale Coal Co., 948
I). Fuller, 1018
V. Greenlee, 439e
V. Hodder, 340o
V. Lambard, 999(i
V. Lord, 81, 531o
V. Maxwell, 3016, 1025
V. Missouri Pacific R. R., 947, 1140
V. Montreal Telegraph Co., 880
V. Morris, 234, 359
V. Morris Machine Works, 834a
V. Smith, 1268
V. Wallace, 928
Stever v. Lamoure, 1046
Steward v. R. R., 1144
Stewart v. Arkansas So. R. R., 43h
V. Barnes, 339
V. BedeU, 418
V. Bock, 1060
V. Cauty, 758
V. Colfax C. C. Co., 935
V. Drake, 969, 969, 973, 979, 982
II. Great Northern R. R., 1148
V. Grier, 687
V. Jack, 1027, 1028
V. Joyce, 1256d, 1256i
V. Lanier House Co., 182, 992
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 1372
V. McLaughlin, 1023
V. Maddox, 386
V. Martin, 60
V. Mathieson, 976
V. Merchants' M. I. Co., 716
V. Metropolitan Elevated Railroad,
1194
V. Noble, 679a, 1010
V. Ohio River R. R., 1123, 1149
V. Patton, 164a
V. Philadelphia County, 331a
V. Postal T. C. Co., 885
V. Powers, 740
are to sections]
Stewart v. Ripon, 47, 1216, 481, 484
V. Rumball, 675c
V. St. Louis S. W. Ry., 1354, 1355
V. Salamon, 278
V. Schneider, 64, 942
V. Schell, 303, 340
V. Sculthorp, 164a
V. Smallwood, 361
V. Sonnebom, 459, 468
V. Stebbins, 339a
V. Stocker, 341
V. Strong, 126d
V. Thayer, 673c
V. United E.r,L,_& P. Co., 5705
V. Walker, 657
Stickford v. St. Louis,-856
Stickney v. Allen, 53, 60, 243a, 250
V. Jourdan, 1030
V. Maidstone, 226/ __
V. Moore, 346, 6955
Stidham v. Laurie, 408
Stiles V. Comstock, 451
V. Tilford, 639
V. Western U. T. Co., 892
V. White, 777
Still V. Hall, 3146, 674, 1066
Stiller V. Bohn Manuf. Co., 1357
Stillings V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1367
Stillwell V. Bamet, 363a, 364, 366
V. Biloxi Canning Co., 762
V. Farewell, 494, 494a
V. Lumber Co., 413
V. Staples, 725
V. Temple, 414
Stillwell & B. M. Co. v. Phelps; 620
Stilson V. Gibbs, 358, 360, 5656
Stilwell V. Chappell, 1053
V. Mills, 692A;
Stimmel v. Brown, 932
Stimpson v. Greene, 311
V. The Railroads, 229, 235, 352,
1229
Stimson v. Connecticut R. R. R., 873
V. Famham, 103, 547
Stinnett v. Wilson, 685?re
Stinson v. Chicago, etc., R. R., 1179
Stirling v. Garritee, 493
Stim V. Metropolitan El. R. R., 1207
Stirton v. Gummer, 449
Stix V. Keith. 431
3038
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Stockbridge Iron Co. v. Cone Iron
Works, 503, 935
Stockdale v. Young, 901
Stockham v. Cheney, 1127
Stocking V. Sage, 834
Stockport, Timperiey & A. Ry., 1100
Stockton V. Chicago, 1138
V. Cook, 979
V. Frey, 47, 490
V. Guthrie, 307, 999a
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 1367
Stockton, etc., Gravel Road Co. v.
Stockton, etc., R. R., 1152a
Stockton, etc., R. R. v. Galgiani, 1179
Stockwell V. Byrne, 691a
Stoddard v. Mix, 766
V. Treadwell, 1066
Stodghill V. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R., 84,
95
Stoebier v. St. Louis Transit Co., 226o
Stofflet V. Stofflet, 182
Stoggy V. Crescent Creamery Co., 106
Stoher v. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry., 572,
577
Stokely v. Thompson, 345
Stokes V. Continental Trust Co., 627a,
736
V. Pease, 671
V. Saltonstall, 43A
V. The City Offices Co., 12566
Stollenwerck v. Thacher, 56, 80, 506
Stomne v. Hanford Produce Co., 1363
Stone V. Adams Exp. Co., 152
V. Argersinger, 834a
V. Bennett, 339
V. Cason, 685
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 493a
V. Chicago, S. P. M. & O. Ry.,
1331, 853
V. Codman, 126o
V. Dennison, 673a
V. Fairbury, P. & N. W. R. R.,
1165
V. Framingham, 311c
V. Hammell, 797
V. Heath, 1167
V. Hooker, 804
V. Locke, 345
V, Mayor of Yeovil, 1090
V. Pentecost, 990c
Stone V. Seattle, 1354
V. Sleeper, 684
V. Stone, 6736
V. Vamey, 451
V. Watson, 772
V. Woodruff, 858
Stoner v. Evans, 345
V. Texas & P. Ry., 932, 933
Stoneseifer «. Sheble, 347
Stonestreet v. Crandell, 361, 365, 1334
Stony Creek L. Co. v. Fields, 412
Stopenhorst v. American M. Co., 127
Storer v. Eaton, 817, 834
V. Storer, 3116
Storey v. Early, 445, 452, 448c
V. Wallace, 453, 1328
Stork V. Philadelphia, 1110
Storm V. City of Butte, 226Z
V. New York El. R. R., 1190
Storms V. Railroad, 1201
V. Storms, 829
Storrie v. Marshall, 573a
Storseth v. Folsom, 440
Story V. Hammond, 946
V. Livingston, 339a, 919
V. New York & H. R. R., 614
V. New York Elevated R. R., 1184,
1187, 1190, 1192, 1209
V. Norfolk & S. R. R., 365
V. O'Dea, 691o
V. Robinson, 214
Story Lumber Co. v. Southern Ry., 159,
165
Stotler V. Chicago & A. Ry., 226/
Stoudenmeier v. WiUiamson, 316, 762
Stoudenmire v. De Bardelaben, 950
Stoudt V. Shepherd, 476
Stoughton V. Lynch, 344
Stout V. Folger, 789, 972
V. Jackson, 959
V. Noblesville & E. Gravel R. R.,
35
V. Prall, 637
V. United States, 614, 617
Stovall V. Smith, 930a
Stover V. Bluehill, 228
V. Speilman, 418
Stow V. Russell, 3406
V. Yarwood, 1049, 1044, 1067
Stowe V. Bank of Cape Fear, 814, 918
TABLE OP CASES
3039
[References
Stowe V. Bozeman, 1016
V. Buttrick, 255, 650, 664, 671
Stowell V. Bennett, 973
». Greenwich Ins. Co., 668, 834e
V. Lincoln, 99
V. Milwaukee, 1152a
V. New Bedford, 1167
Stowers v. Gilbert, 91, 924a
V. Singer, 477
Strader v. Snyder, 451
Strain v. Babb, 692/i
Strakoseh v. Wray, 614
Stranahan Co. v. Coit, 766
Strand v. Great Northern Ry., 1354
Strang v. Whitehead, 463
Strange v. Atlantic C. L. R. R., 164,
856o
V. Cleveland, C, C. & St. L. Ry., 95
V. Dundon, 378
V. Missouri Pac. Ry., 43A
Strasburger v. Barber, 366, 930
V. Western U. T. Co., 883
Strattman v. Moore, 1255
Stratton v. Dole, 638, 641
V. Fike, 406, 408, 419
V. Spaeth, 762
Straus ». Buchman, 648
Strause v. Western Union Telegraph
Co., 892
Strauss v. Dundon, 378
V. Labsap, 755
V. Meertief, 207, 665, 667
V. Postal T. C. Co., 371a
Straw V. Jenks, 81, 497/
Strawn v. Cogswell, 190, 2266, 762, 764,
992
Streeper v. Abeln, 970
V. Ferris, 839
V. Williams, 403, 408, 417
Street v. Augusta Ins. Co., 718
V. Blay, 1038
V. Chapman, 762
V. Nelson, 515
V. Rigby, 398
V. Sinclair, 82, 133, 1069
V. Swain, 655
Street R. R. v. Doyle, 1152a
Streeter v. Rush, 418
V. Streeter, 1050
Streett v. Laumier, 435a, 438
are to sections]
Stresovich v. Resting, 750
Streyer v. Georgia S. & F. R. R., 1137
Stribley v. Cincinnati, 1151
V. Welz, 638
Strickland, Matter of, 311
Stricklin v. Cooper, 334
Striegel V. Moore, 933
Stringer v. Coombs, 271, 274
Stringfield v. Hirsch, 682, 685i
Stroble v. Large, 678
Strohm v. New York, L. E. & W. R. R.,
86c, 172
Stroker v. St. Joseph, 1140
Stromless, The, 593
Strong, The, 597a
Strong V. American Cent. Ins. Co., 728
V. De Forest, 685fc
V. Garfield, 905
V. Hasterlik, 682
ti. Iowa Cent. Ry., 1357
V. Kean, 10 Ir. L. R. 137; 996
V. Kean, 13 Ir. L. R. 93; 1325
V. Manufacturers' Ins. Co., 725
V. N. Y. Firemen's Ins. Co., 717
V. Strong, 83
V. Western U. T. Co., 885
V. White, 692y
Strother v. South C. & G. R. R., 5716
Strouss V. Wabash R. R., 852
Strout V. Joy, 279c
Strubbee v. Cincinnati Ry., 534
Struble v. Burhngton C. R. & N. Ry.,
1357
V. De Witt, 486
Struthers v. Clark, 746, 763
». Dunkirk, W. & P. R. R., 1115
V. Peacock, 447
!/. Philadelphia & D. C. R. R., 1163
Strutt V. Fariar, 606a, 626
Strutzel V. St. Paul City Ry., 1367
Stryker v. Cassidy, 664a
Stuart V. Binsse, 301
V. Burcham, 334
V. Columbia Ins. Co., 712a
V. Hoffman, 1326
V. Mathieson, 983
V. News Pub. Co., 461
V. Pennis, 1006, 1009
V. Phelps, 499, 934
V. Trotter, 107rf, 691a
3040
Stuart V. Western U. T. Co., 45o, 894,
894a
Stubbings v. O'Connor, 346
Stubbins v. Mitchell, 797
Stubbs V. Martindale, 983
V. Page, 966, 982
Stuckey v. Atlantic Coast L. R. R., 573o
Studabaker v. White, 416
Stude V. Koehler, 657
Studenmire v. De Bardelaben, 932
Studley v. Baker, 599c
Stulmuller v. Cloughly, 486, 578
StuU V. Beddeo, 685?
Stumbo V. Duluth Zinc Co., 1367
Stumm V. Hummel, 478, 480
Stump V. Horback, 913, 915
Stunz V. Stunz, 334
Stuppy V. Hof, 484
Sturgeon v. St. Louis, K. C. & N. Ry.,
854
V. Sturgeon, 487
Sturges V. Green, 308
V. Hart, 685ft
V. Keith, 493, 519
V. Knapp, 33 Vt. 486; 685fc
V. Knapp, 36 Vt. 439; 680, 685a
Sturgess v. Bissell, 844
V. Crum, 301
Sturgis V. Frost, 182, 226d, 241, 459
V. Knapp, 685c
V. L0,w, 599c
Sturm V. Boker, 1256fc
V. ConsoUdated Coal Co., 86o
Sturtevant Mill Co. v. Kingsland Brick
Co., 767
Stutz V. Armstrong, 1219, 1221
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 47, 484,
865
Stynes v. Boston E. Ry., 180
Suber v. PuUin, 750
V. Richards, 302
V. Vanlew, 673
Sudden v. Morse, 1266
Suderman v. Woodruff, 1270
Suderman-Dolson Co. v. Rogers, 937
Suehr v. Sanitary Dist. of Chicago, 942
Suell V. Jones, 1306
Suess V. Imperial L. I. Co., 730
Suffolk Bank v. Worcester Bank, 3406
Suffolk Co. V. Hayden, 1217, 1220, 1226
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Suffus V. Bangs, 492a
SuUens V. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 942
Sullivan v. Anderson, 226ii
V. Board of Supervisors, 1173, 1177
V. Cartier, 685, 685i
V. Dee, 363
V. Lafayette Co., 252
V. McMiUam, 26 Fla. 543; 610, 636d>
636i
V. McMillan, 37 Fla. 134; 208
V. Missouri, etc., R. R., 1179
V. Moffatt, 615, 642
V. Nicolin, 308a
V. North Hudson County R. R.,
1112a
V. Old Colony St. Ry., 197 Mass.
512; 43?
V. Old Colony St. Ry., 200 Mass.
303; 212
V. Ore. Ry. & Nav. Co., 360, 379,
380, 860
V. Snell, 325
t>. SulUvan, 536
V. Susong, 312
V. Tuck, 509
V. Vicksburg, S. & P. R. R., 1368,
1371
V. Western U. T. Co., 30 Oh. Circ.
Ct. 435; 101
V. Western U. T. Co., 82 S. C. 569;
371a
Sullivan County v. Amett, 226d, 437
SulUvant v. Reardon, 618, 679a
Sully V. Goldsmith, 695
Sultan Water, etc., Co. v. Weyerhauser
Timber Co., 1153, 1154
Summerfield v. St. Louis Transit Co.,
366
V. Western U. T. Co., 43/, 45o, 894
Summers v. Heard, 4976
V. Keller, 386, 1344
V. Tarney, 226a, 226d
Summit, The, 587
Sumner v. Beebe, 301, 342
V. Gray, 774
V. Kinney, 226i
V. Williams, 4 Hall's Am. Law J.
129, 147; 959
V. Williams, 8 Mass. 162; 962, 982
Sumpter v. Hedges, 656
TABLE OF CASES
3041
[References
Sumter v. Welsh, 1040, 1053
Sun Fire Office v. Ayerst, 722
V. Ermentrout, 818a
Sun L. Assur. Co. v. Bailey, 445
Sun L. I. Co. V. United States F. & G.
Co., 692a
Sun Printing Assoc, v. Smith, 377
Sun Printing & Pub. Assn. v. Moore,
417, 420a, 620a, 6206
V. Scheneck, 451
Sunbury & E. R. R. v. Hummel, 1166
Sunley v. Met. L. Ins. Co., 129
Sunman v. Clark, 620
Sunnyside, The, 587
Sunnyside Coal & C. Co. v. Reitz, 69
935, 1326
Supervisors v. Kennicott, 688, 688a
V. Otis, 692/
Suppiger v. Gruaz, 536a
Supreme Lodge K. of P. v. Neeley, 259
Surplice v. Farnsworth, 636n
Sussex Ins. Co. v. Woodruff, 725
Susswein v. Pennsylvania Steel Co.,
999A
Sutherland v. Round, 1266
V. Wyer, 90, 206, 636gr, 666, 667
Sutorius V. Dunstan, 681o
Sutro V. Metropolitan Railroad, 1198a
Suttle V. Western U. T. Co., 894
Sutton V. Baillie, 970, 982
V. Clark, 1108
V. Cotham, 31 Id
V. Dana, 493
V. Howard, 407, 411
V. Lockwood, 929a
V. Page, 959
V. Snohomish, 1362
V. Southern Ry., 106
V. Western U. T. Co., 119
Sutton's Heirs v. Louisville, 1128, 1138a
Suydam v. Jenkins, 228c, 429, 509, 691
Swafford v. Whipple, 959, 964
Swails V. Butcher, 452
V. Cissna, 335
Swain v. Cheney, 664
V. Graves, 676
V. Schieffelin, 134 N. Y. 471; 164a,
766
V. Schieffelin, 12 N. Y. Supp. 155;
182
191
are to sections]
Swallow, The, 597a
Swan V. Bridgeport, 554, 692ii
V. Brown, 999a
V. Middlesex Co., 1295
V. Picquet, 688
V. Tappan, 1271
V. Timmons, 237, 685k
Swanscot M. Co. v. Partridge, 301, 341,
724
Swank v. Elwert, 80, 82
Swann v. Rary, 449
Swansqn v. Andrews, 642
V. Andrus, 312, 614
V. Cooke, 275
V. Keokuk & W. R. R., 937a
V. Nelson, 932
V. Oakes, 1367
V. Union Stock Yard Co., 1367
Swanton v. King, 1333, 1372
V. Pierson, 1148
Swanzey v. Moore, 6736
Swarthout v. New Jersey S. B. Co.,
1270
Swartz V. Atchison, 762
V. Ballou, 983
V. English, 689a
Swayne v. Swayne, 1006
Swayze v. N. J. Midland R. R., 1148
Sweaney v. United States, 331a, 1148,
1151
Swearingen v. Consol. Troup Min. Co.,
1356
Sweatland v. Illinois & M. T. Co.,
876
Sweem v. Steele, 677, 1006, 1007, 1010
V. Steele, 5 la. 352; 677, 1006,
1007, 1010
V. Steele, 10 la. 374; 677
Sweeney v. Baker, 447
V. Butte, 1349
V. Chicago City Ry., 1342
V. Jamieson, 734, 742
V. Lomme, 83, 532
V. Montana Cent. Ry., 19 Mont.
163; 942
V. Montana Cent. Ry., 25 Mont.
543, 65 Pac. 912; 941, 1295
V. Neely, 310a
V. New York, 308a
V. Owsley, 750
3042
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Sweeney v. Pt. Burdwell H. Ck)., 226d,
432a, 438
Sweeny ». Daugherty, 85o
V. Montana Central Ry., 2146
Sweet V. Bradley, 762, 956, 961, 973
V. Cutts, 33
V. Howell, 975
V. Mowry, 685h
Sweetland v. Chicago & G. T. R. R.,
571e
Sweetman v. Prince, 774
Sweigert v. Finley, 1298
Swett V. Hooper, 301
Swett V. Patrick, 775, 962, 983
Swezey v. Lott, 658
Swift V. Barnes, 533, 690
V. Bamum, 493
V. Brownell, 596
V. Crow, 676
V. Dickerman, 47, 443, 446, 451,
452
V. Eastern W. Co., 153
V. Harriman, 661
V. Holoubek, 1306
V. Johnson, 574, 575, 584
V. Newport News, 105 Va. 108;
11496
«. Newport News, 105 Va. 821;
1148
V. Plessner, 237, 682a
V. Powell, 414
tf. Williams, 660
Swift & Co. V. Redhead, 766
Swift, In re, 513, 828
Swift River Co. v. Fitchburg R. R.,
856
Swigert v. Thomas, 82
Swindell v. Richey, 1031
Swinfin v. Lowry, 1255
Swinnerton v. Argonaut Land & De-
velopment Co., 312
V. Monterey Co., 834d
Swinney v. Ft. Wayne, M. & C. R. R.,
1166
Swire v. Leach, 76
Swisher v. McWhinney, 681o
Switzer v. Connell, 822
Switzerland, The, 589, 597a
Swope V. Crawford, 531, 535
Sycamore M. H. Co. v. Sturm, 151
Sykes v. Lawlor, 486c
V. Life Ins. Co., 439c
Sylvester v. Craig, 493a
Symes v. Oliver, 493
Symington ti. McSin, 820
Symonds w. Carter, 446
V. Cincinnati, 1148
V. Page, 920
Symons v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1303
V. Symons, 900
Syracuse, The, 18 Fed. 828; 587
Syracuse, The, 97 Fed. 978; 597a
Syracuse G. L. Co. v. Rome, W. & O.
E. R., 914
Syracuse S. S. Co. v. Rome, W. & O.
R. R., 11 App. Div. 557; 947
V. Rome, W. & O. R. R., 43 App.
Div. 203; 1116
T. B. Scott Lumber Co. v. Hafner-
Lothman Manuf. Co., 755
T. J. Moss Tie Co. v. Phelps, 219, 226
T. P. Sims & Sons v. Western U. T. Co.,
885
Tabak v. Fettner, 618, 6556
Taber v. China M. I. Co., 711
V. Hutson, 47, 386, 484, 490
V. Jenny, 499
V. New York, P. & B. R. R., 1128,
1145
V. Seaboard Air Line Ry., 43h
Taber Lumber Co. v. O'Neal, 166
Tabor v. Clark, 685fc
Tacoma v. Tacoma L. & W. Co., 778,
1027
V. Wetherby, 1143a
Tacoma Bituminous Paving Co. v.
Sternberg, 337
Tacoma Mill Co. v. F. H. Gilcrest Lum-
ber Co., 753
Taft V. Pike, 673a
I). Stoddard, 302o
!;. Tiede, 199
V. Travis, 750
Taggard v. Curtenius, 1069
Taggert v. Hunter, 1326
Tahoe Ice Co. v. Union Ice Co., 617,
753
TABLE OF CASES
3043
[References
Tait V. Matthews, 1143
V. Sherman, 657, 673/
Talamon v. Home M. I. Co., 723o
Talbert v. Mason, 1027
V. Western U. T. Co., 894(i
Talbot V. Com. N. Bank, 305
V. N. Y. & H. R. R., 32
V. Sebree, 3016
V. Seeman, 599c
V. Whipple, 64, 66
Talbott V. Bedford, 959
V. Boyd, 734
V. English, 9996
V. Great W. P. Co., 564
Talcott V. Crippen, 189
V. Marston, 324a, 325, 331
Tahaferro v. Minor, 267
Talkin v. Anderson, 414, 833
Talladega Ins. Co. v. Peacock, 301
Talley v. Courter, 202, 927
Talliaferro v. King, 345
Tallmadge v. Wallis, 973
Tallman v. Metropolitan El. R. R.,
1191, 1195
V. Truesdale, 416
Tally V. Ganahla, 302
Tamatroa v. Southern 111. Normal Uni-
versity, 685?i
Tamke v. Vangsnes, 637a, 638
Tamvaco v. Simpson, 58
Tancred v. AUgood, 547
Tanger v. Southwest Missouri Electric
Ry., 380a
Tanner v. Livingston, 981
V. Skinner, Slid
Tant V. Southern Ry., 366
Tanton v. Boomgaarden, 307
V. Slyder, 6916
Tanzer v. New York C. Ry., 1347
Tapley v. Lebeaume, 966
Tappenden v. Randall, 285
Tapscott V, Lyon, 5596
Tarbell v. Ennis, 685fc
Tardeveau v. Smith, 419
Tarleton v. McGawley, 127o
Tarling v. Baxter, 750
Tarpey v. Sharp, 688a
Tarpley v. Blabey, 449
V. Poage, 973
V. Wilson, 303
are to sections]
Tarpy v. Shepherd, 270
Tarr v. Oregon Short Line Ry., 171a
V. Rosenstein, 688
Tarrell v. School Dist., 667
Tate V. Booe, 972
Tathwell v. Cedar Rapids, 1368
Tatnall v. Courtney, 487a
Tatro V. Brower, 766
Tatum V. Gibbs, 340a
V. Gregory, 1237
V. Kincannon, 979
V. McLellan, 909a
V. Manning, 515
V. Mohr, 316, 762, 772
Taul V. Everet, 411
Taulbee v. Moore, 644
Taussig V. Hart, 49 N. Y. 301; 828
V. Hart, 58 N. Y. 425; 228/
V. St. Louis & K. R. R., 673e
Tayloe v. Merchants' Ins. Co., 727
V. Sandiford, 397, 402, 406, 419
V. Turner, 519, 627o, 736
Taylor v. Atlantic Coast Line R. R., 43/
V. Barnes, 960, 1008
V. Bay City S. Ry., 80 Mich. 77;
318
V. Bay City St. Ry., 101 Mich. 140;
948
V. Blythe, 692
V. Bradley, 624, 989
V. Church, 448a
V. Collier, 844
V. CooUdge, 463
i). Cooper, 184, 984, 988
V. Davis, 1370
V. Dustm, 1265
V. Eldridge, 968, 974
V. Foster, 636ff
V. Friendship, The, 599c
V. Grand T. Ry., 368
V. Gumpert, 443
V. Hardin, 1041
V. Hayes, 22&d
V. Hearst, 453
V. Henniker, 100
V. Higgins, 796, 797, 810
V. Holter, 959, 982, 983
V. Houston Electric Co., 1108
V. Howard, 610
V. Hunnicutt, 607
3044
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Taylor v. James, 914, 917
V. Johnson, 692
V. Jones, 1258
V. Kehlor, 667
V. Ketchum, 822
V. Knox, 303, 304, 31 le
V. Laird, 673/
V. Lehman, 991
V. Louisiana & N. W. R. R., 1371
». McFatter, 737
V. Maguire, 178
V. Manhattan Ry., 85c
V. MetropoUtanEl. Ry., 1203, 1205
V. MiUs, 785
V. Minor, 341
V. Monnot, 1289
V. Monroe, 1269, 1270
V. Morgan, 363a, 374
V. Morton, 234, 235o, 540, 692/
V. National T. R. Union, 732
V. North Pacific Coast R. R., 618,
619
V. Nostrand, 836
V. Peterson, 673/
V. PuUen, 445
V. Read, 98, 201, 734, 741
V. Saxe, 734
V. Shelkett, 473, 1328
V. Smith, 423
V. Spencer, 633
V. Taylor, 908
V. Times Newspaper Co., 416
V. Trustees of Poor, 752
t). Wallace, 961
V. Welsh, 536, 540
V. West P. R. R., 574a
V. Western U. T. Co., 8946
u. Williams, 656
i;. Wing, 330, 334
Taylor B. & H. R. R. v. Warner, 1367
Taylor Mfg. Co. v. Hatcher Mfg. Co.,
607, 633
Taylor Worsted Co. ». Beolclu, 685
Tazewell v. Barrett, 341
V. Saunders, 678
Tea V. Gates, 170a
Teagarden v. Hetfield, 132, 1268
Teague v. Dendy, 3116
V. Whaley, 982
Teal V. Auty, 105
are to sections]
Teaver v. Akin, 909a
Tebbetts v. Raskins, 1302
Tebbs V. Cleveland C. C. & St. L. Ry.,
844
Tebo V. Betancourt, 682
Tedd V. Douglas, 1369
Teele v. Boston, 1162
Teerpeiming v. Com Exch. Ins Co.,
1208
Teese v. Huntingdon, 1246
Tefft V. Wilcox, 41, 47, 180, 226/, 481,
485
Tegeler v. Kansas City, 924a
Telegraph Co. v. Frith, 894o
V. Mellon, 876
V. Munford, 876
Telephone & Tel. Co. v. Shaw, 366
Telephone T. Co. v. Forke, 1175
Telfair County v. Webb, 226a, 226d
Telfener v. Russ, 1023
Telfer v. Northern R. R., 573a, 575,
1367
Teller Bay & River Dredging Co., 937
Tempest v. Linley, 546
V. Kilner, 2 C. B. 300; 745
V. Kilner, 3 C. B. 249; 736
Temple ». Duran, 79
Temple E. L. Co. v. Halliburton, 1367
Templeman v. Fauntleroy, 341
Templemore v. Moore, 936
Templer v. McLaehlan, 1037
Templeton ». Graves, 360, 364
Tenant v. Gold win, 33
Tenbrooke v. Jahke, 1154c
Ten Gate v. Fansler, 458, 459
Ten Eyck v. Houghtaling, 307, 999o
V. Sayers, 685/
Ten Hbpen v. Walker, 432
Tennant v. Gray, 678
Tennessee & C. R. R. v. Danforth, 614,
6476
V. Brasher, 47
Tennessee C. I. & R. Co. v. Hamilton,
924, 947
Tennessee Goal & R. R. v. Roddy,
1326
Tennessee Mfg. Co. v. James, 407
Tenney v. Bank of Wisconsin, 493
Tennis v. Gifford, 764
Tenth Nat. Bank v. New York, 339
TABLE OF CASES
3045
[References
Terhune v. Joseph W. Cody Contract-
ing Co., 1372
V. Oldis, 3116
Terminal Co. v. Jacobs, 1089, 1111
Temes v. Dunn, 1076, 109
Terre Haute v. Hudnut, 182, 942, 948
V. Turner, 1108
Terre Haute & I. R. R. v. Buck, 1216
V. Pierce, 1044
V. Sheeks, 1354
Terre Haute & L. R. R. v. Walsh, 937a
Terre Haute, Alton & St. L. R. R. v.
Vanata, 1328, 1342
Terrell v. Ingersoll, 685^
V. McLean, 692A
Teny v. Allis, 256
V. Drabenstadt, 983
V. Hartford, 1148
V. Hutchinson, 472
V. Jewett, 78 N. Y. 338; 583
V. Jewett, 17 Hun, 395; 67a
V. New York, 71, 214
V. Robbins, 677
V. Williams, 363a, 366
Terwilliger v. Knapp, 754
Tete V. Lanaux, 667
Tetherow v. St. Joseph & D. M. R. R.,
680
Tetzner v. Naughton, 36a, 1254, 1255
Teutonia, The, 587
Tevis V. Ryan, 257
Tew V. Earl of Winterton, 678
Texarkana v. Talbot, 1123, 1177
Texarkana & F. S. Ry. v. Anderson, 43/
V. Bell, 1296
V. Brandon, 1353
V. Hartford Ins. Co., 301, 304
V. Neches Iron Works, 166
V. Shivel, 852
V. Spencer, 932
Texarkana Gas & Electric Light Co. v.
Orr, 368
Texarkana Tel. Col v. Pemberton, 1357
Texarkana Water Co. v. Kizer, 493a
Texas & G. Ry. v. Hall, 1363
Texas & Louisiana Lumber Co. v. Rose,
755
Texas & N. O. R. R. v. Barwick, 1350
V. Brown, 573
i;. Buch, 1356
are to sections]
Texas & N. R. R. v. Carr, 91 Tex.
332; 316
V. Carr, 42 S. W. 126; 1356
V. Clippenger, 860
V. Conway, 1356
V. Cunningham, 318
V. McCoy, 1354
V. McLeod, 1356, 1365
V. Marshall, 1342
V. Middleton, 1354
V. Ochiltree, 937
V. Parsons, 1356
V. Postal T. C. Co., 11520
V. Reed, 1350
V. Russell, 873
V. Walker, 1367
V. White, 935
V. Wood, 1365
Texas & P. R. R. v. Armstrong, 93 Tex.
31; 864
V. Armstrong, 41 S. W. 833; 221a
V. Avery, 852
V. Bayliss, 937
V. Beezley, 380
V. Bowlin, 1359
V. Buckalew, 1270
V. Coggin, 246
V. Cole, 872
V. Crockett, 1351
V. Curry, 47
». Davidson, 860
V. Ford, 942
V. Geiger, 1355, 1367
V. Graffeo, 937a
V. Harby, 575
V. Hartnett, 864
V. Hassell, 854
V. Hemphill, 226Z
V. Hoffecker, 844
V. Hudman, 1367
V. Humble, 486
V. James, 865
V. Johnson, 1366, 1367
V. Klepper, 844, 862
V. Lester, 1367
V. Levi, 67a, 437
V. Lowry, 1363
V. Lynch, 1342
V. Maddox, 942
V. Mansell, 1342
3046
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Texas & P. R. R. v. Mayes, 863
V. Moody, 580a
V. Morin, 4866, 486c
V. Mosley, 2216
V. Nelson, 85c
V. Newsome, 1267
V. Newton, 215, 2266, 226(i
V. Nicholson, 842, 854
V. O'Mahoney, 948
V. Payne, 318, 844
V. Randle, 1299
V. Bice, 937o
V. Robertson, 1367
». Saunders, 69
V. Sims, 844
V. Tankersley, 317, 318
V. Torrey, 69, 70
V. White, 202, 214a
». Wilder, 575
V. Wilson Hack Line, 80o, 251
Texas & S. L. Ry. v. Cella, 1134, 1165,
1166
V. Matthews, 1143
V. Patton, 1257
V. Young, 191, 937
Texas C. R. R. v. Brown, 932
V. Rsher, 1326
V. Shropshire, 12Qd
V. Watson, 852
V. Wheeler, 1353
V. Wilks, 942
Texas Co. v. Lacour, 937
Texas Installment Co. v. Lewis, 1334
Texas L. & C. Co. v. Nations, 1344
Texas Loan Agency v. Fleming, 1367
Texas M. R. R. v. Byrd, 1349
V. Dean, 466
V. Douglass, 439, 1306
». Southwestern T. & T. Co., 1149
Texas, San Antonio & A. P. Ry. v.
Ruby, 1161
Texas T. Co. «. Hanson, 42
Texas T. Ry. v. Johnson, 378
Texas T. & T. Co. v. Scott, 1365
Texas Tr. Co. v. Hanson, 484
Texas W. Ry. v. Cave, 1151
V. Gentry, 277
Texter v. Norton, 750
Thacher v. Dinsmore, 798
Thacke v. Hemsheim, 614
Thapnell v. McAfee, 685ft
Tharpe v. Western U. T. Co., 894d
Thatcher v. Kaucher, 1297
V. McCulloh, 1039
V. Massey, 325
Thayer v. Brooks, 93
V. Clemence, 967, 979
V. Hamlin, 614
V. Manley, 256
V. Meeker, 3406
V. Roberts, 557
V. Star Mining Co., 343
V. Wadsworth, 173/
Thebideau v. Cairns, 858
Thedford v. Herbert, 734
Theisen v. Johns, 1254
Theiss v. Weiss, 741
Theobald v. Burleigh, 655c
V. Railway Passenger Assurance
Co., 731
Thero v. Missouri Pac. Ry., 1331
Thiebault v. Prendergast, 1340
Thiel V. Bull's F. L. Co., 70, 107c
Thiele v. Axell, 979
Thill V. Pohhnan, 360, 387, 1249, 1254
ThiUman v. Neal, 363a, 365, 484
Third Nat. Bank v. Boyd, 497, 519
Thirkfield v. Mountain View Cemetery
Assoc, 366
Thirty-five thousand boxes of Oranges
and Lemons, 597a
Thisler v. Miller, 856
Thistle Coal Co. v. Rex C. & M. Co.,
752
Thol V. Henderson, 156
Tholen v. Duffy, 407, 416
Thoman v. Mills, 1256A
Thomas v. Allen, 786
V. Brooklyn, 486
V. Bruce, 325
V. Cauldwell, 615, 752
V. Clarke, 858
V. Dansby, 1249, 1249a
V. Dickinson, 1020
V. Dike, 673a
V. Dunaway, 447
V. Edwards, 334
V. Ellison, 102 Tex. 354; 1027
V, Ellison, 110 S. W. 934; 979
TABLte
[References
Thomas v. Fischer, 449
V. Gates, 44, 47, 484
V. Gavin, 418
V. Hamilton, 959
V. Hammond, 972
V. Henderson, 1136
V. Isett, 436
V. McManus, 6736
V. Mallinckrodt, 922
V. Rockland Ins. Co., 714
V. School, 31 1&
V. Spofford, 532
V. Stemheimer, 317, 493a
V. Summey, 6926
V. Thallon, 917
V. Union Ry., 1303, 1355
V. Waterman, 492
V. Weed, 295
V. Wells, 313o
V. Western Car Co., 311/, 340o
V. Western U. T. Co., 120 Ky. 194;
8946
V. Western U. T. Co., 118 Pac. 370;
894
V. Williams, 385, 387
V. Wilson, 334
V. Winchester, 120
V. Womack, 1330
Thomas B. & W. M. Co. v. Wabash, St.
L. & P. Ry., 152, 178
Thomas Iron Co. v. Jackson Iron Co.,
742
Thomas Kiley, The, 593
Thomas Mfg. Co. v. Watson, 756
Thomas P. Sheldon, The, 221
Thomas W. Finucane Co. v. Board of
Education, 642
Thomason v. Seaboard A. L. Ry., 948
Thomasson v. Southern Ry., 366
Thompson v. Alger, 751
V. Androscoggin, I. R. Co., 1110
V. Bell, 1028
V. Bertrand, 777
V. Bohannon, 278
V. Boston & M. R. R., 3406
V. Brown, 616, 6556
V. Carter, 256
V. Chattanooga S. R. R., 843o
V. Chicago, B. & Q. R. R., 937a
V. Citizens' Traction Co., 932, 1142
6f t!A&ES 3047
are to sections]
Thompson v. Crocker, 940
V. Dekum, 681a, 692c
V. Dickerson, 692c
V. Ellsworth, 129
V. Gaffey, 615, 655o, 6555
V. Gates, 682a
V. Gibson, 949
V. Great Northern Ry., 1356
V. The Great Republic, 587
0. Guthrie, 1009
V. Gwyn, 821
V. Haislip, 1275
V. Halbert, 256, 766
V. Hibbs, 324a
V. Hoskins, 83
V. Howes, 734
V. Hudson, 411
V. Jackson, 613
V. Johnston Bros. Co., 575, 1367
V. Jones, 981
V. Kyle, 636d
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 584
V. Lyon, 3406
V. Manhattan Ry., 24 N. Y. St.
498; 1201
V. Manhattan R. R., 29 N. Y. St.
720; 1194, 1208
V. Mansfield, 1053
V. Matthews, 310
V. Milwaukee & St. P. R. R., 1109
V. Moiles, 503, 1299
V. Morris C. & B. Co., 1334
V. Morrow, 922
V. Mylne, 311
V. New Orleans, J. & G. N. R. R.,
98, 107o
V. New York L. I. Co., 730
V. Newell, 1027
V. Pettitt, 433, 944
V. Pickel, 326
V. Poplar Bluff, 1353
V. Powning, 234, 448a
V. Rake, 377
V. Richards, 785
V. Riggs, 267 269
V. Robertson, 700
f . St. Charles County, 408, 419
V. Scheid, 537
V. Seaboard A. L. Ry., 368
V. Shattuck, 201, 205, 209, 991, 992
3048
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Thompson v. Shepler, 1009
V. State, 6926
V. Stevens, 71 Pa. 161; 636i
V. Stevens, 2 N. & McC. 493; 304
V. Stewart, 305
V. Sweet, 303
i;. Taylor, 803
V. Western U. T. Co., 107 N. C.
449; 45a, 894
V. Western U. T. Co., 64 Wis. 531;
876, 883
V. Wood, 1 Hilt. 93; 667
V. Wood, 4 Q. B. 493; 1268
V. Woodruil, 737
Thorns V. Dingley, 164a, 762, 766
Thomson v. Pentecost, 990c
V. Searcy, 692^
V. Wooster, 1230, 1231
Thomson-Houston Electric Co. v. Dur-
ant Land Imp. Co., 109, 991
Thomssen v. Hall County, 692/
Thorenson v. Minneapolis Harvester
Works, 325
Thoresen v. La Crosse City Ry., 680
Thorington ». Smith, 278
Thorley v. Pabst Brewing Co., 987
Thorn v. Gamer, 301c
V. KJiapp, 370, 637, 637o, 640a
V. Morgan, 742a
V. Smith, 3146, 326
Thomborow v. Whitacre, 606c
Thomdike v. Locke, 754
V. United States, 301
Thome v. Beas, 817
V. McVeagh, 156, 771
Thornton v. Maine S. A. Soc, 1367
V. Place, 657
V. Thompson, 762
,j. U. S. Ins. Co., 717
V. Wynn, 1039
Thorntons v. Fitzhugh, 324a
Thoroughgood v. Walker, 411, 413
Thorp V. Bradley, 107a, 109
V. Carvalho, 1336
Thorp, The, 589
Thorp's Case, 1283
Thorpe v. White, 673/
Thouron v. Skirvin, 361
Thouvenin v. Lea, 1012a
Thrall ti.Lathrop, 317, 493
Thrall v. Newell, 775
Thrasher ti. Pime County R. R., 753
Threatt v. Brewer Mining Co., 947
Three States Lumber Co. v. Blanks,
536a
Threlkeld v. Fitzhugh, 959, 982
Throop V. Broadus, 988a
V. Fowler, 937
Thmstout V. Grey, 901
Thuemler v. Brown, 999
Thummel v. Dukes, 762
Thurber v. Sprague, 305
Thurman v. Western U. T. Co., 894c
V. Wilson, 753
Thurmond v. Ash. G. W. L. Assoc, 74
Thurston v. Hancock, 93a
V. Haskell, 237, 685fc
V. Martin, 1325
V. Prentiss, 801
V. St. Joseph, 1110
V. Spratt, 239
Thwing V. Great Western Ins. Co.,
302a, 718, 724
Tibbal v. Cahoom, 689o
Tibbals Oakum Co. v. Meigs, 762
Tibbies v. O'Connor, 689a
Tice V. Munn, 1216
Tickler v. Andrae Mfg. Co., 667
Tide Water Canal Co. v. Archer, 1161
Tidewater Ry. v. Coan, 1149
V. Shartzer, 1123
Tidwell V. Southern E. & B. Works, 417
Tiedman v. O'Brien, 432
Tiemann v. Citizens' Ins. Co., 722
Tieman v. Granger, 302
V. Hinman, 411
Tietze v. International & G. N. R. R.,
924
Tiffany v. Lord, 60, 496
Tifit V. Culver, 352, 363a
Tifton, T. & G. Ry. v. Butler, 312
Tighe V. Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry., 935a
Tignor v. Toney, 363a, 364, 365, 374,
989
Tilburg V. Northern Cent. Ry., 868
Tilden ti. Blair, 302
V. Johnson, 499, 503, 933, 934
Tilghman v. Mitchell, 1230
V. Proctor, 323, 1231, 1232, 1244
Tillar v. Reynolds, 1367
TABLE OP CASES
3049
[References
Tilley v. American B. & L. Assoc, 410
V. Hudson R. R. R., 577
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
572, 573o, 577
V. Montelius Piano Co., 760
Tillinghast v. McLeod, 447
V. Merrill, 692/
Tillinghast, Styles Co. v. Providence
Cotton Mills, 734
Tillman v. Morton, 345
Tillotson V. Cheetham, 351
V. Prichard, 962
V. Smith, 64, 99, 101
Tills V. Great Northern Ry., 1354
Tillson V. United States, 338
Tilly V. Mitchell & Lewis Co., 946
Tilton V. Hamilton F. I. Co., 723a
V. James L. Gates Land Co., 387
Times Pub. Co. v. Carlisle, 368, 377,
380, 448a
Timkeh v. Olin, 1222
Timmons v. Dunn, 1040, 1072
Timms v. Shannon, 973
Timor, The, 201
Tincley v. Jennison, 156
Tindall,!). Bell, 804
V. Meeker, 334
Tindle's Appeal, 755
Tingley v. Cutler, 416
V. Providence, 1148
V. Times Mirror Co., 385, 1307
Tinkham v. Satori, 414
Tinker v. Rockford, 1177
Tinkle v. Dunivant, 1326
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 226/
Tinney v. New Jersey S. B. Co., 1326
Tinsman v. Belvidere Dela. R. R., 74,
1112, 1183
Tippin V. Ward, 90, 636i
Tipton V. Feitner, 1059
Timey v. Whiting, 976
Tirrell v. Jones, 310a
Tisdale v. Major, 136, 564, 565d, 682
V. Norton, 226to
Tissot V. Great S. T. & T. Co., 933
Title G. & S. Co. v. Commonwealth,
693
Tittle V. Kennedy, 375
Tittlebaum v. Boehmcke, 473
Titus V. Corkins, 234, 359, 372
are to sections]
Titus V. Poole, 763
V. Sumner, 446
Titus Street in City of New York, In re,
1151
Toale V. Western U. T. Co., 8816
Tobey v. Barber, 798
V. Manufacturers' Nat. Bank, 1031
Tobias v. People's Ry., 482, 483, 484,
485
Tobie V. Comrs. of Brown Co., 1129,
1148
Tobin V. French, 226g
V. Harford, 713
V. Missouri Pac. R. R., 571o, 12866
V. Post, 734
V. Shaw, 45, 637, 1307
V. South's Adm'r, 310
V. Western U. T. Co., 876
V. Wilson, 3406
Tod V. Baylor, 921, 922
0. Wick, 695
Todd V. Botchford, 334
V. Every Evening Printing Co.,
443, 448a
V. Gamble, 636d, 636/, 734, 752
V. Jackson, 69
V. Kankakee & I. R. R., 1154
V. Keene, 1076
V. Minneapolis & S. L. Ry., 184,
927
V. Western U. T. Co., 371a
Tode V. Gross, 418
Tolcott V. National Exhibition Co.,
1336
Toledo V. Bayer, 1151
V. Grasser, 316
V. Libbie, 610, 615
Toledo & O. C. R. R. v. Festoria, 1152a
V. Wren, 857a
Toledo, A. A. & G. T. Ry. v. Dunlap,
1175
Toledo, A. A. & N. M. Ry. v. Lott, 664
Toledo C. S. Co. v. Moneyweight Scale
Co., 1229
Toledo, P. & W. Ry. v. Johnston, 318,
432o
Toledo R. & L. Co. v. Mason, 1371
Toledo, S. L. & W. R. R. v. Gordon, 380
V. Kountz, 1332
Toledo, W. & W. Ry. v. Baddeley, 485
S050
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Toledo, W. & W. Ry. v. Roberts, 363,
603
V. Smith, 490
Toles V. Cole, 676
ToU V. HiUer, 343
ToUeson v. Poset, 385
Tomkinson v. Bruner, 1230
V. Willets Mfg. Co., 1235
Tomlinson v. Derby, 1269, 1270
V. Quigley, 1048
V. Wilmington & S. C. R. R., 383a,
865
Tompkins v. Dudley, 655c
V. Haas, 755
V. Kanawha Board, 1298
V. Tompkins, 3116
t). Wadley, 641
V. West, 486
Tompkins Co. v. Dallas Cotton Mills,
735c
V. Galveston St. Ry., 153
Tompson v. Mussey, 458
Toms V. Boyes, 3016
V. Wilson, 82
Tone V. Wilson, 975, 1053
Tong V. Matthews, 959
Tongue v. Nutwell, 914, 915
Tonica & P. R. R. v. Unsicker, 1165
Tooke V. Bonds, 339a
Tooker v. Alston, 1030
Toomey v. Atyoe, 622a
V. Delaware, L. & W. R. R., 1336
Tootle V. Clifton, 98, 940
V. Kent, 436
Topeka v. Martineau, 1293
V. Sells, 1149
V. Tuttle, 124
Toplitz V. Baur, 259, 623
V. King Bridge Co., 1261
Topolewski v. Plankington Packing Co.,
380
Topsham v. Lisbon, 243o, 941
Torbet v. McReynolds, 3116
Toronto First Unitarian Congrega-
tion V. Western Assur. Co., 726
Toronto Ry. v. Grinsted, 150
Torp V. Gulseth, 82
V. Mayor, 1046
Torre v. Summers, 637
Torreyson v. United Rys, Co., 1354
Torry v. Black, 59
Totten V. Burhams, 777
V. Read, 638
Toulaine E. F. Admr «;. Baccich & De-
Montluzin, 1011
Toulmin v. Sager, 278
Toussaint v. Martinnant, 784, 789
Tourtelotte v. Westchester Electric
Ry., 1370
Towaliga Falls Power Co. v. Sims, 124
Towers v. Barrett, 760 ,
Towle V. Blake, 363a, 364, 365, 366, 372
V. Lawrence, 53, 1028
V. Lovet, 262
». Towle, 685
Town V. Harlam, 497ff
Townsend v. Briggs, 88 Cal. 230; 1371
V. Briggs, 99 Cal. 481; 485a
V. Joplin, 1349
V. Libbey, 550
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R., 865
V. Nickerson Wharf Co., 167, 185,
984
V. Paola, 86c
V. PhilUps, 557
V. Riley, 339a, 345
w. Simon, 755
Townsend's Case, 1122
Townsend, Lord, v. Hughes, 349, 1368
Townshend v. Minneapolis C. S. Co.,
1040
V. Shepard, 734
Townsley v. Yeutsch, 1335
Towsley v. Wythes, 302
Trabing v. California Navigation &
Imp. Co., 121 Cal. 137; 380
V. CaUfornia N. & I. Co., 133 Cal.
xx; 1342
Traction Co. v. Dunn, 1131
V. Jordan, 1148
V. Ramer, 1148
Tracy v. Albany E. Co., 996
V. Butters, 944
V. Gunn, 1007, 1010
V. Hackett, 386
V. New York & Harlem R. R., 531
V. Swartwout, 383a, 428
V. Talmage, 265
Tradesman Co. v. Superior Mfg. Co.,
633/
TABLE Of CASES
[References
Trafford v. Hubbard, 182
Train v. Gold, 802
Trainer v. Wolff, 363a, 366, 373
Trammell v. Vaughan, 637o, 638, 638a,
638b
Transit, The, 592, 595
Transportation Co. v. Chicago, 93a,
1112, 1116
V. O'Neil, 426o
Trapnall v. McAfee, 257
Trapp V. McClellam, 119
Trask v. Hallowell Granite Wks., 1349
V. Hamburger, 734
V. Hartford & E. R. R., 856
Traut-Ditmar Const. Co. v. Hartman,
411
Travelers' Ins. Co. v. Fricke, 332
V. Parker, 664
Traver v. Eighth Ave. R. R., 486c
Travers v. Kansas P. Ry., 379, 380
Travis v. Barger, 1325, 1326, 1328
V. Duffau, 126c
Travis County v. Trogden, 1143
Trawiok v. Martin-Brown Co., 359, 467,
564, 565d
V. Peoria & F. C. St. Ry., 667
Treaders' Ins. Co. v. Pacaud, 726
Treadwell v. Davis, 76
V. Tillis, 106
«. Whittier, 1262
Treanor v. Donahoe, 1326
V. New York Breweries Co., 622
Treasurers v. Buckner, 692
V. Clowney, 692^
V. HiUiard, 692i
Treat v. Barber, 43y, 929
V. Browning, 448d, 451
V. Gilmore, 82
V. Hiles, 625
V. Staples, 529
Trebilock v. Wilson, 270
Trecartin v. The Rochambeau, 269
Trefethen v. Locke, 667
Trelawney v. Colman, 1290
V. Thomas, 285, 304
Tremaine v. Hitchcock, 1230
Tremont, The, 593
Trenholm v. Bumpfield, 334
Trent v. Rhomberg, 688a
Trent and Humber Co., In re, 196, 857
3051
are to sections]
Trent-Stoughton v. Barbados Water
Supply Co., 1084
Trentman v. Wiley, 237, 682, 682o
Trenton M. L. & F. I. Co. v. Johnson,
729
Trester v. Pike, 685A;
Tretter v. Chicago G. W. Ry., 937
Treweek v. Howard, 692j
Tribune Co. v. Bradshaw, 610, 618
Tribune Assoc, v. FoUwell, 451
Trigg V. Clay, 156, 162, 740
V. Northcut, 86
V. St. Louis, K. C. & N. Ry., 42,
864, 866
Trigg Candy Co. v. Emmett Shaw Co.,
734
Triggs V. Jones, 829
Trimble v. Kansas City P. & G. R. R.,
314
V. Keer R. M. Co., 533, 536, 540
V. Moore, 335
V. New York Cent. R. R., 873
Trinder v. Thames M. I. Co., 710
Trinidad A. M. Co. v. Buckstaff Bros.
Mfg. Co., 753
Trinidad National Bank v. Denver Na-
tional Bank, 820
Trinity & S. Ry. v. O'Brien, 484, 491
V. Schofield, 937
Trinity Church v. Higgins, 48 N. Y.
532; 789, 790
V. Higgins, 4 Rob. 372; 972
Trinity College v. Hartford, 1148
V. Hill, 336
Triolo V. Fo.ster, 1270a
Triplett V. Gill, 966
Tripp V. Bishop, 651, 1023
V. Forsaith Mach.,Co., 753, 755
V. Grouner, 363, 493, 990a
Tri-State Telephone & Tel. Co. v. Cos-
griff, 96, 11496, 1166e
Triston v. Barrington, 1074
Trompen v. Hammond, 334
Trosper v. Comrs. of Saline Co., 1148
Trotier v. St. Louis, etc., R. R.,
1160a
Trotter v. Grant, 310
V. Stayton, 910
V. Tousey, 734
Trout V. Kennedy, 250
3052
TABLE OF CASES
[References
Trout V. Watkins L. & U. Co., 164o,
370, 371a
Troutman v. Gowing, 270
Trowbridge v. Brookline, 1119
V. Holcomb, 279c
Trower v. Elder, 413
Trower Bros. Co. v. Hanson, 695a
Troy V. Cheshire R. R., 95, 924, 1110,
1261
^. Clarke, 1256b
V. Rogers, 682o
Troy & Boston R. R. v. Lee, 1146, 1149,
1185
V. Northern Turnpike Co., 1115,
1185
Troy Fertilizer Co. v. Logan, 667
Troy I. & N. Factory v. Coming, 1230
Troy L. M. Co. v. Dolph, 98, 192
Truby v. American N. G. Co., 924a
Truckee Lodge v. Wood, 99, 793
Trudeau, The, 595
True V. International T. Co., 169, 208a,
876, 882
V. Plumley, 443, 451
Truesdale v. Watts, 657
Trugg V. St. Louis, K. C. & N. Ry., 43/
Truitt V. Fahey, 614
Trull V. Granger, 984, 986, 1011
Trumbo v. Lockridge, 973
Trumbull v. School Dist., 96
Trump V. Baltzell, 310a
Trunkey v. Hedstrom, 734
Truro, The, 599
Trust Co. V. Floyd, 836, 837
Trustees' Church Home v. Morris, 301c
Trustees of College Point v. Dennett,
1171
Tubbs V. Van Kleek, 639
Tubular Rivet & Stud Co. v. Exeter
Boot & Shoe Co., 222
Tuck V. Hartford F. Ins. Co., 726
V. Moses, 532
Tucker v. Buffalo Cotton Mills, 226/
V. Chaplin, 585
V. Clarke, 977
V. Cole, 934a
V. Deering S. W. Ry., 6476
V. Grover, 314, 315
V. Horn, 675
D. Ives, 310
are to sections]
Tucker v. Mass. Cent. R. R., 11655
V. Newman, 74
V. Oxley, 1032
V. Parks, 1261
V. Philadelphia & R. C. & I. Co.,
664
V. Preston, 671
V. Richards, 3116
V. Southern Ry., 363
V. State, 303
V. Watson, 340c
V. Winders, 366, 385
V. Wright, 54
Tuckwell V. Lambert, 441
Tudor V. Lewis, 5656
V. Macomber, 717
Tuers v. Tuers, 829
Tuffli V. Ohio L. Ins., etc., Co., 325
Tufts V. Adams, 106, 962, 967, 968, 973,
974
V. Atlantic Tel. Co., 416
V. Bennett, 107a, 753
V. Charlestown, 1168
V. Grewer, 752, 753
V. Lawrence, 758
V. Mabie, 762
V. Plymouth Gold Min. Co., 607,
687
V. Weinfeld, 752
Tuggle V. Hamilton, 980
Tuley V. State, 6926
TuUer v. Carter, 317
Tulley V. Corrie, 456
TulUdge V. Wade, 350, 475
TuUis V. McClary, 226a
Tullock V. Mulvane, 685/
Tully V. Dunn, 999/
V. F. R. R., W7d
V. Harloe, 533
V. New York & T. S. S. Co., 1359
jj. Philadelphia, etc., R. R., 584
Tunis V. Grandy, 999d
Tunison v. Cramer, 678
Tunnel M. & L. Co. v. Cooper, 1350
Tunnicliffe v. Bay Cities C. Ry., 486
Tunno v. Fludd, 1053
Turck V. Chicago, 1367
Turkendall v. Veough, 968
Turnbow v. Wimberiy, 372, 487a
Turner v. Beall, 278
TABLE OF CASES
3053
[References
Turner v. Brooks, 1006
V. Dawson, 298
V. Footman, 487a
V. FoxaU, 451
V. Fremont, 416
V. Gibbs, 125a, 1041
V. Gonzales, 915
V. Goodrich, 979, 983
V. Grand Rapids, 655
V. Hardcastle, 81
V. Hardin, 1334
V. Hawkeye T. Co., 885
V. Hearst, 444a
V. Hitchcock, 36a
V. Johnson, 307
V. Lamb, 210
V. Lord, 678, 1012
V. Mason, 650
V. Mellier, 6367i
V. Miller, 959, 983
». Mo. Pac. Ry., 1154e
«. Moon, 970
». N. B. & M. R. R., 380
V. Norfolk & W. R. R., 377o, 5716,
573a
V. Retter, 1044
V. Rising S. & L. T. Co., 929a
V. Robinson, 674
V. Sisson, 692i
V. Southern Ry., 226c, 873
V. State, 1154a
V. Stevens, 1335
V. Watkms, 3406
V. Webster, 650, 671
V. Younker, 435, 435a, 537, 565a
V. Williams, 3116
Turnpike v. Boone, 372
Turnpike Co. v. Fry, 81, 83
V. Kelley, 685
Turnpike Road v. Brosi, 1154a
Tumipseed ». Fitzpatiick, 914, 916
Turpic V. Lowe, 153a, 622
Turpin v. Sledd, 270
Turrill v. Illinois C. R. R., 1244
V. Michigan S. & N. I. R. R., 1231,
1244
Turton v. New York Recorder Co., 144
N. Y. 144; 446, 453
V. New York Recorder Co., 22
N. Y. Supp. 766; 1335
are to sections]
Tuskegee L. & S. Co. i;. Birmingham
Realty Co., 973
Tustin V. Sammons, 924
Tuteur v. Chicago & N. W. R. R., 574,
574a
Tuthill V. Morris, 3406
V. Scott, 99
Tuton V. Thayer, 803
Tutt V. Land, 310a
Tuttle V. Atlantic City Ry., 43ft
V. Bisbee, 1032
V. Brown, 762
V. Claflin, 62 Fed. 453; 1243
V. Claflin, 76 Fed. 227; 1232a
V. Farmington, 228
V. Gaylord, 1233
V. Gilbert Manuf. Co., 992
V. Kent, 435
V. Loomis, 1233
V. Tompkins, 1047
V. Walker, 931
V. White, 934
V. Wilson, 504, 933, 934
Tuttle-Chapman Coal Co. v. Coaldale
Fuel Co., 738
Tutwiler v. Bums, 642
Tutwiler C. C. & I. Co. v. Enslen, 574a
V. Nail, 1334
Twambly v. Henley, 956
Twenty-second Corp. v. Oregon S. L.
R. R., 1123
Twick V. Marshall S. M. Co., 676
Twin L. H. G. M. Synd. v. Colorado
M. R. R., 1171a
Twinam v. Swart, 537
Twitty V. McGuire, 660, 662
Twohig V. Brown, 973
Twohy Mercantile Co. v. Melbye, 341
Twomley v. Central, P. N. & E. R. R.
R., 43A
Twycross v. Grant, 779
Twyman v. Knowles, 70
Tye V. Gwynne, 1036
Tyers v. Rosedale & F. I. Co., 734, 737
TVgart V. Albritton, 193, 616
Tyler K. ^tna Fire Ins. Co., 729, 1034
V. Bailey, 652
V. Bowen, 364
V. Hudson, 1160a
V. Marsh, 6226
3054
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Tyler v. Moody, 767
V. Pomeroy, 47, 126d
V. Safford, 236, 237
V. Salley, 637, 638b, 639
V. Third Ave. R. R., 1262
V. Ulmer, 5656
V. Walker, 695c
0. Western U. T. Co., 875, 884
Tyler Car & Lumber Co. v. Wetter-
mark, 735c
Tyler Mining Qo.v. Last Chance Min-
ing Co., 685, 685e
Tyler S. E. Ry. v. McMahon, 1367
V. Rasberry, 67o, 577, 1367
Tylor V. W. U. Tel. Co., 228c
Tyly V. Morrice, 851
Tynberg v. Cohn, 565c
Tyng V. American Surety Co., 682a
V. Commercial Warehouse Co., 497
Tynemouth v. Northumberland, In re,
1084, 1086
Tyre v. Wilson, 692d
Tjree v. Parham, 310
Tyrer v. King, 1002
Tyrus v. Kansas City, F. S. & M. R.
R., 932
Tyson v. Booth, 487a
V. Chestnut, 988
V. Ewing, 363, 376
V. Milwaukee, 316, 1154c
V. Pryor, 599c
V. Sanderson, 678
V. State Bank, 819
u
Ubricht v. Eufaula Water Co., 101
Uertz V. Singer Mfg. Co., 1262
Uhe V. Chicago, etc., R. R., 318
UMelder v. Ins. Co., 725
Uhl V. Small, 910
Uhle V. Philadelphia, 1154c
Uhlig V. Bamum, 2126
Ulbricht v. Eufaula Water Co., 99
Uldrich v. Gilmore, 1251
TJline v. New York Central & H. R. R.
R., 93, 95, 1187, 1190, 1195
Ulit V. Biggs, 226a
UUman v. Babcock, 734
V. Barnard, 76
UUman v. Chicago & N. W. R. R., 851
V. Devereux, 73
Ullmann v. Kent, 753, 756
Ulrich V. New York Press Co., 363, 366
V. Ulrich, 673d
Ulrick V. Dakota Loan & T. Co., 93a,
925, 932, 939
Ulster County Savings Institution v.
Ostrander, 694
V. Young, 6926
Umbria, The, 166 U. S. 404; 594
Umbria, The, 59 Fed. 489; 67, 596
Underhill v. Agawam M. F. I. Co., 720
V. Gaff, 304, 310, 311
V. Spencer, 685m
V. Taylor, 449
V. Welton, 443
Underwood v. Old Colony St. Ry., 574,
1367
V. Parks, 452
Unexcelled Fireworks v. Politics, 753
Unfried v. Baltimore & O. R. R., 1331
Uniacke v. Chicago, etc., R. R., 331a
Union v. Durkes, 1330
Union Bank v. Blanchard, 762
V. LobdeU, 339a
V. Pmner, 973
V. Rideau Lumber Co., 933, 934
V. Thompson, 694
Union Central L. I. Co. v. Bernard, 730
V. McHugh, 730
V. Poettker, 730
Union Coal Mining Co. v. McAdam,
1021
Union Depot & Ry. v. Brunswick, 1151
V. Londoner, 482a
V. Smith, 1327, 1336
Union El. R. R., Matter of the, 1204
Union G. & T. Co. v. Robinson, 676
Union Institution v. Boston, 326
Union Ins. Co. v. Central Trust Co.,
687
Union L. & E. Co. v. Erie Ry., 405
Union Mill Co. v. Prenzler, 362, 3836,
1343
Union Nat. Bank v. Cross, 565o, 5656,
565c
V. Roberts, 703
Union P. D. & G. Ry. v. Williams, 246,
251
TABLE OF CASES
3055
[References
Union Pacific Ry. v. Connolly, 1356
V. Dunden, 86b, 172o, 575, 1367
V. Goodridge, 857a
V. Hammerlund, 490
V. Hand, 1326
V. Hause, 359, 1326
V. Jones, 49 Fed. 343; 172a
V. Jones, 21 Colo. 340; 486a, 486c
V. Milliken, 481
V. Mitchell, 1331
V. Ray, 317, 318
V. Shook, 606
V. Travelers' Ins. Co., 636n, 999
Union R. R. & T. Co. v. Traube, 844
Union Ry. v. Hunton, 1179
V. Raine, 1152a
Union Refining Co. v. Barton, 834c
Union Savings Bank & Trust Co. v.
Gelbach, 324a
Union Selling Co. v. Jones, 762
Union S. S. Co. ». New York S. S. Co.,
587
Union Stove & Machine Works v.
Breidenstein, 690
Union T. R. R. v. Moore, 1165a
V. Feet Bros. Mfg. Co., 1154, 1171
V. Pfeil, 1148
Union Trust Co. v. Citizens' Trust Co.,
794
V. Cuppy, 93
Union Village & Johnsonville Railroad,
In re, 1185
Union W. P. Co. v. Lewiston, 316
V. Pingree, 9996
Uniontown v. Berry, 908
United Coal Co. v. Cannon City Coal
Co., 935
United Engineering & C. Co. w. Broad-
nax, 617
United Horseshoe Co. v. Stewart, 1220
United M. R. & I. Co. v. American Bill
Posting Co., 633/
United Merthyr Collieries Co., In re,
602, 935
United Nickel Co. v. Central P. R. R.,
1222
United Power Co. v. Matheny, 860, 865
United Press v. N. Y. Press Co., 1076
United R. & E. Co. v. Cloman, 1309
V. McDonald, 679o
are to sections]
United R. & E. Co. v. Wehr, 737
United S. M. Co. v. Abbott, 423
V. Holt, 496
U. S. V. Addison, 569, 688o
V. Alcorn, 676
V. Arnold, 678
V. Bayard, 338
V. Behan, 192, 616, 752
V. Bethlehem Steel Co., 408, 419
V. Brindle, 673e
V. Broadhead, 686
V. Buchanan, 1031
V. Burgdorf, 6796
V. Butler, 305, 311a, 340
V. Certain Lands in Town of Nar-
ragansett, 1161
V. Curtis, 305, 692/
V. Denvir, 305
V. Dudley, 6926
V. Dumplin Island, II660
V. Eccles, 934
V. Eckford, 692(i
V. Eggleston, 310
V. Fitzsimmons, 310
V. Floyd, 614
V. Gentry, 934
V. Grizzard, 1116, 1165a
V. Hatch, 416a, 676
V. Hielner, 504, 934
V. Homestake Min. Co., 934, 935
V. Honolulu Plantation Co., 1149
V. Inlots, 1169
». January, 692e
V. Kirkpatrick, 692d
V. Land in Monterey Co., 1174
V. Lewis Pub. Co., 677
V. Macdaniel, 1285
V. M'Dowell, 1285
». Magoon, 935
V. Martin, 673d
V. Montell, 416a
V. Moore, 692i
V. Morgan, 11 How. 154; 563
V. Morgan, 99 Fed. 570; 599c
V. N. CaroUna, 338
V. Oteri, 416a
V. Pine River L. & I. Co., 226(f,
494, 506a
V. Pingree, 416o
V. Poulson, 302a
3056 TABLE
[References
U. S. V. Prescott, 692/
V. Robeson, 1031
V. Sanborn, 340
V. Sargent, 338
V. Seufert Bros. Co., 1171e
V. Smith, 94 U. S. 214; 30, 213,
613
V. Smith, 110 Fed. 338; 1174
V. Speed, 613, 614
V. Spencer, 6926
V. Taffee, 78 Fed. 524; 11716
V. Taffee, 86 Fed. 830; 1161
V. Taylor, 360, 363, 368, 373
V. Teller, 503
V. The Union, 1285
V. Ute C. & C. Co., 935
V. Walker, 677
V. Wann, 692
V. Watts, 692/
V. Welsh, 1178
V. West, 692a
V. Withers, 636/
U. S. Bank v. Chapin, 325
V. Magill, 302o
United States Brewing Co. v. Stolten-
berg, 575
United States Exp. Co. v. Backman,
851
V. Haines, 854, 856
V. Koemer, 109
V. Meints, 76
V. Wahl, 47
United States F. & G. Co. v. American
Blower Co., 7696
V. Hows, 682a
V. Jones, 6856
V. Milstead, 692
United States M. A. Assoc, v. Barry,
732
U. S. Mortgage Co. v. Sperry, 327, 346,
411
United States Tel. Co. v. Gildersleve,
876, 890
V. Wenger, 882
U. S. Trust Co. V. O'Brien, 148, 999fc
United Steamship Co. v. Haskins, 852
United Surety Co. v. Summers, 419
Universal L. Ins. Co. v. Binford, 730
University of Louisville v. Hammock,
1345
OF CASES
are to sections]
Unsell V. Hartford L. & Annuity Ins.
Co., 302
Untermeyer v. Freund, 1235
Upcher v. Oberlender, 1334
Upchurch v. Robertson, 361, 364, 377
Updegraff v. Lesem, 998
Updegrove v. Pennsylvania R. R., 1177
V. Zimmerman, 446a, 452
Updike V. Ten Broeck, 308a, 671
Upham V. Barbour, 497c
V. Worcester, 1147
Upson C. & M. Co. V. Williams, 932
Upstone V. Weir, 615
Upton V. Hume, 446, 448i
V. Julian, 1050, 1059
V. So. Reading Branch R. R., 1129,
1147
V. Times-Democrat Pub. Co., 1335
V. Vail, 32
Uransky v. Dry Dock, E. B. & B. R. R.,
486
Uren v. Golden Tunnel Min. Co., 1355
Urquhart v. Mclver, 707
Ursula I. Co. v. Amsinck, 713
Usher v. Hiatt, 121d
V. Noble, 712, 714
V. Scranton Ry., 1372
Utah Optical Co. v. Keith, 988
Utica Bank v. Finch, 688a
Utica, C. & S. V. R. R., Be, 1146, 1164,
1185
Utica R. R. V. Gates, 968, 979
Utopia, The, 594
Uttendorffer v. Saegers, 74
Utter V. Chapman, 211, 858
Utterson v. Vernon, 908
Uttley V. Local Board of Health, 1089
VadebonccEur v. Mason, 1275
Vail V. Jersey Little Falls Manuf. Co.,
664
V. Junction R. R., 959, 964
V. Nickerson, 335
V. Reynolds, 777
Valente v. Weinberg, 6566
Valenti v. Sierra Ry., 577
Valentine v. Ruste, 301c
V. Wheeler, 793
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
3057
Vallens v. Tillman, 622a
ValUer v. Walsh, 1008
Vallo V. U. S. Exp. Co., 43A, 219
Valparaiso v. Moffit, 924
Valparaiso C. W. W. v. Dickover, 941
Valpy V. Oakeley, 734
Van Alen v. Rogers, 902
Van Allen v. Illinois C. R. R., 736
Van Arman v. Byington, 664
Van Arsdale v. Joiner, 80
V. Rundel, 162, 740
Vanatta v. Vanatta, 682
Van Benschooten v. Lawson, 343
». Yaple, 451
Van Bentham v. Osage County, 1173
Van BenthuySon v. De Witt, 676
Van Beuren v. Van Gaasbeck, 310
Vanblaricum v. State, 1148
Van Brocklen v. Smeallie, 140 N. Y. 70;
753, 755
V. Smeallie, 64 Hun, 467; 1023
Van Brocklin v. Brantford, 996
Van Brunt v. Aheam, 1194
V. Cincinnati, J. & M. R. R., 573
V. Schenck, 5S
Van Buren v. Digges, 410, 1039
V. Fishkill Water Works Co., 71,
1157
V. Van Gaasbeck, 3146
Van Buskirk v. Dunlap, 70
V. Quincy, D. & K. C. R. R., 1261,
1267
Vance v. Congressional Township, 911
V. Evans, 304
V. Forster, 721
V. House, 973
V. Lancaster, 806
V. McBumett, 763
V. Shreveport First Nat. Bank, 310
V. Toum6, 519, 763
Vancleave v. Clark, 633a
Van Cleve ». St. Louis, M. & S. E. R. R.,
124 Mo. App. 224; 1270a
V. St. Louis, M. & S. E. Ry., 137
Mo. App. 332, 1362
Van Clief v. Van Vechten, 656
Vandalia Coal Co. v. Yemm, 44
Van De Bogart v. Marinette & M. P.
Co., 1354
Vandegrift v. Abbott, 209, 992
192
Vandenburgh v. Truax, 111/
Vanderberg v. Connoly, 462, 463, 686a
Vaaderpool v. Richardson, 45, 637, 639a
Vanderslice v. Philadelphia, 947
Vanderveer v. Moran, 486c
Vander Velde v. Leroy, 123
Van de Sande v. Hall, 1041
Van Deusen v. Young, 74, 933, 960
Vandevoort v. Gould, 307, 919
Van Dieman's Land Co. v. Cockerell,
257
Vandine v. Burpee, 1291
Vandiver v. O'Gorman, 497e
V. Waller, 5656, 682, 682a, 683
Van Dorn v. Mengedoht, 615
Van Dusan v. Grand Trunk Ry., 865
Van Dusen v. Letellier, 485o
Vandyke v. Brown, 821
Van Epps ;;. Harrison, 1027, 1040, 1052
Van Etten v. Kosters, 681
V. Newton, 857
Van Eyken v. Erie R. R., 590
Van Fossen v. Clark, 1310o
Van Giesen v. Van Houten, 301
Van Gordon v. Ormsby, 341
Van Hise v. Board of Supervisors, 303
Van Hoozer v. Van Hoozer, 685
Van Hoozier v. Hannibal & St. J. R. R.,
93
Van Horn v. Kermit, 873
V. Redman, 537
V. Rucker, 755
Van Husan v. Kanouse, 345
Van Husen v. Omaha Bridge, etc., R. R.,
1151
Van Jellieo Min. Co. v. Rollins, 1334
Van Kamen v. Roes, 414
Van Keuren v. Miller, 90
Van Lew v. Parr, 973
Van Lindley v. Richmond & D. R. R.,
854
Vann v. Lunsford, 746
Vannatta t'. Vannatta, 682o
Van Ness v. Fisher, 194
Van Olinda v. Hall, 4806, 1338
Van Orman v. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry.,
1354
Van Orsdol v. B. C. R. & N. Ry., 95
Van Ostrand v. Reed, 798
Van Pelt v. Corwine, 673o
3058
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Van Pelt v. Davenport, 942
V. littler, 564
V. McGraw, 73
Van Rensselaer v. Bradley, 999(Z
V. Gallup, 999d
V. Jewett, 5 Den. 135; 313a, 999o
V. Jewett, 2 N. Y. 135; 307, 313,
313a
V. Jones, 307, 313a, 999d
V. Mould, 936
V. Platner, 313a, 999a
V. Radcliffe, 931
Van Riper v. Morton, 310
V. Williams, 973
Van Schaick v. Lese, 1017
V. Ramsey, 80
V. Sigel, 218
V, Trotter, 1280
Van Schoick v. Canal Co., 1110, 1164
V. Van Schoick, 106
Van Size v. Long Island R. R., 1175
Van Steenburgh v. Tobias, 36o
Vanstone v. Hopkins, 739
Van Storch v. Griffen, 641
Van Tassell v. Wakefield, 916
Vant Hul v. Great Northern Ry., 1359
Vantine v. The Lake, 589, 593
Van Valkenburgh v. Evertson, 762
V. Fuller, 336
Van Veghten v. Hudson R. P. T. Co.,
924, 932
Van Velsor v. Seeberger, 1027
Van Vlut V. Adair, 276
Van Vranken v. Kansas City E. Ry.,
1352
Van Waggoner v. McEwen, 973
V. New York Cement Co., 1292
Van Wart v. WooUey, 812, 813, 814
Van Werden v. Equitable L. Assn. So-
ciety, 439c, 730
V. Winslow, 1069
Van Winkle v. Johnson, 808
V. Satterfield, 667
V. United States M. S. Co., 844
I). Wilkms, 134a, 165, 762, 767,
1051
Van Wyck v. Allen, 191, 768
V. AUiger, 482
V. Montrose, 676
Van Zandt v. The Mayor, 956
Vaulx V. Herman, 1330
Vautier v. Atlantic Refining Co., 937
Vaughan v. Bibb, 311d
V. Howe, 308
V. Kennan, 345, 339a
V. Reddick, 623
V. Smith, 339a
V. Taff Vale Ry. Co., 33
V. Webster, 493
Vaughan & Telegraph, The, 2 Ben. 47;
593, 596
Vaughan & Telegraph, The, 14 Wall.
258; 844
Vaughan's Seed Store v. Stringfellow,
191
Vaughn v. Farmers' & M. Bank, 1006
V. Glen Falls Portland Cement Co.,
1357
V. Wabash R. R., 851
V. Walsh, 1031
Varco V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 318
Varna v. St. L. & C. R. Ry., 630
Vamham v. Council Bluffs, 67
Varril v. Heald, 549
Vaspor V. Edwards, 945
Vassear v. Livingston, 1033
Veazie v. Bangor, 657
V. Hosmer, 659
V. Somerby, 534
Vedder v. Hildreth, 134
V. Van Buren, 58
V. Vedder, 924, 924o
Vedder's Estate, In re, 301c
Veghte V. Hoagland, 636g
Veiths V. Hagge, 298
Velte V. United States, 331a
Vencill v. Qumcy, O. & K. C. R. R.,
212
Vennum v. Gregory, 324a
Vent V. Duluth Trust Co., 688o
V. Osgood, 673o
Venus, The, 589, 592, 593
Venus Shipping Co. v. Wilson, 858
Veon V. Creaton, 1247
Verderame v. Hansen, 650
Verdier v. Trowell, 762
Vermilya v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry.,
937a
Vermont Loan & Tnjst Co. v. Dygert,
331
TABLE OF CASES
3059
[References
Vermont R. R. v. Vermont C. R. R.,
301
Vermont S. B. C. v. Ladd, 301c
Vernier v. Knauth, 832a
Vernon Shell Road Co. v. Mayor, 1156
Vernon's Case, 964
Verree v. Hughes, 334
Verrill v. Minot, 41
Vester v. Rhode Island Co., 1354
Vicars v. Wilcocks, 113
Vicary v. Foley, 249, 516c
Vick V. WMtfield, 451
Vickery v. Evans, 750
V. McCormick, 166, 734, 739
V. Ritchie, 649, 650, 655e, 657
Vicksburg v. Herman, 1123
V. McLain, 674, 1367
Vicksburg & J. R. R. v. Patton, 368,
380
Vicksburg & M. R. R. v. Putnam, 226/,
481, 485
V. Ragsdale, 152, 856
■V. Scanlan, 360
Vicksburg R. R. v. Marlett, 366
Vicksburg, S. & P. R. R. v. DiUard,
1139
Vicksburg, S. & T. R. R. v. Calderwood,
1139
Vicksburg W. S. Co. v. Gorman, 615,
647c
Viscksburg W. W. Co. v. Button, 371a
Victorian Rys. Comrs. v. Coultas, 43d,
43^, 861
Victory, The, 587, 588
Vider v. Chicago, 337
Vierling v. Binder, 638
Viernow v. Carthage, 762a
Vietti V. Nesbitt, 312
Vilas V. Barker, 654
V. Downer, 1303
Viles V. Barre & M. T. & P. Co., 656
Vilicki V. New York Transp. Co., 1347
Viliski V. Minneapolis, 935
Village of Port Henry v. Kidder, 1169
Villers v. Beaumont, 964
Vilter Mfg. Co. v. Tygarts' V. B. Co.,
425
Vinal V. Core, 47
Vincennes, City of, v. Richards, 1112
Vincent v. Mayblum, 366
are to sections]
Vindas v. Bering Coal Co., 1347
Vine V. Casmey, 374
Vinton v. Mansfield, 691a
V. Peck, 695
Vinyard v. Barnes, 689
Viola, The, 596a
Violet V. Rose, 156, 1012, 1021o, 1022
Virginia v. Ches. & Ohio Canal Co., 346
Virginia & Truckee R. R. v. Henry,
1148
Virginia^Caroliiia Peanut Co. v. At-
lantic C. L. R. R., 159, 856a
Virginia Ehrman, The, 588, 590
Virginia Hot Springs Co. v. McCray,
95
Virginian Ry. v. Hurt, 933
Vivian v. Allen, 439a
V. Champion, 999^
V. Otis, 692e
Vlasservitch v. Augusta & A. Ry., 361
Vlierboom v. Chapman, 841
Voegler v. Western U. T. Co., 154
Voelckel v. Banner Brewing Co., 674
Voelker v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry.,
1367
.v.. Hill-0'Meara Construction Co.,
1367
Vogan V. Caminetti, 703
Vogel V. McAuliffe, 45, 373, 927
Vogt V. Grinnell, 924, 1110
V. Schienebeck, 734
Voigt V. Beller, 345
Voisin V, Commercial Mut. Ins. Co.,
713
V. Providence Washington Ins.
Co., 713
Volans V. Owen, 1248, 1249, 1255
Volquardsen v. Iowa Teleph. Co., 897a
Volters M. Schultz, 637a
Voltz V. Blackmar, 352, 366, 1305
Volund, The, 1367
Von Berg v. Goodman, 991
Von Bruck v. Peyser, 439/
Vonderhite v. Walton, 970, 980a
Von der Horst v. Von der Horst, 301c
Von Born v. Mengedoht, 642
Von Fragstein v. Windier, 85c, 368
Von Hemert v. Porter, 343, 344
Von Reeden v. Evans, 484
Von Sohoening v. Buchanan, 101
3060
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Von Storch v. Winslow, 360, 564
Voorhees v. Earl, 761, 762, 763
V. Stoothoff, 311c
Vorse V. Phillips, 232, 237
Vosberg v. Putney, 78 Wis. 84; 490
V. Putney, 80 Wis. 523; 1216
V. Putney, 86 Wis. 278; 1215
V. Welch, 55
Vose V. Philbrook, 311
Voumakis v. Maropulos, 1347
Vowell V. Issaquah Coal Co., 1367
Vredenburgh v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. B,.,
1354
Vreeland v. Michigan Cent. R. R., 1367
Vroman v. American M. U. E. Co., 851
V. Exp. Co., 851
Vuccino & Co. v. Brown, 742o
Vulcan Iron Works v. Co. Roquemore,
734, 764
Vulcanite P. Co. v. American A. S. P.
Co., 1238
w
W. A. Manda v. Orange, 932
W. G. Morel & Co. v. Lehman, 1355
W. J. HolUday & Co. v. Highland I. &
S. Co.,. 635, 752
W. K. Syson Lumber Co. v. Dickens,
2266
W. M. Ritter Lumber Co. v. Jordan,
1356
W. P. Callahan & Co. v. Chickasha
Cotton Oil Co., 189
W. R. Lynn Shoe Co. v. Auburn-Lynn
Shoe Co., 1246c
W. T. Adams Mach. Co. v. Castleberry,
767
W. T. Hanson Co. v. Collier, 452
W. W. Carre & Co. v. Masse, 1258
Wabash v. Carver, 1367
Wabash, C. & W. Ry. v. Oetting, 67a
Wabash Printing Co. v. Crumrine, 386
Wabash R. R. v. Campbell, 225, 852
a. Foster, 854
V. McCabe, 685y, 685n
V. Williamson, 318
Wabash, S. L. & P. Ry. v. McDougall,
1130, 1152
V. Recor, 380, 387
Wabash Western Ry. ». Friedman, 482
Wachendorf v. Lancaster, 968
Wachsmuth v. Heil, 1059
Waco Artesian Water Co. v. Cauble,
221, 221a
Waddell v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1347
Wade V. Barlow, 979
V. Belmont, I. C. & W. P. Co.,
633e
V. Carolina T. & T. Co., 1149
V. Comstock, 959, 963, 981
V. Gould, 533, 539
V. Graham, 692j
V. Green, 801
V. Halligan, 1057 .
V. Haycock, 657
V. Hemdl, 251
V. Leroy, 41, 47, 180, 226/, 481
V. Merwin, 965
I). Pratt, 326
V. Thayer, 372, 378
V. Wade's Adm'r, 3116
Wadham v. Northeastern Ry., 1085
Wadhams v. Swan, 970
Wadleigh v. Buckingham, 536, 538
«. Duluth St. Ry., 1347
1). Marathon Bank, 70
V. Sutton, 657
Wadsworth v. O'Donnell, 685o
t). Treat, 47, 481
V. Western U. T. Co., 45, 45a, 46,
894
Waechter v. Walters, 673d
Wagenseller v. Prettyman, 808
Wager v. Troy Union R. R., 1184
Wagers v. Irvine, 334
Waggoner v. Cox, 411, 416
V. Gray, 312
V. Jermaine, 949, 1108
V. Porterfield, 1357
V. Sneed, 1357
Wagner v. Bristol Belt Line Ry., 1152a
V. Corkhill, 186, 645
V. Dette, 681, 1070
V. Finnegan, 959, 982
V. Gage Co., 1141
V. Gibbs, 1345
V. H. Clausen & Son. B. Co., 1367
u. Holbruimer, 452
V, Jacoby, 85
TABLE OP CASES
[References are to sections]
Wagner v. White, 999c Walker v. Fuller, 55, 366
Wagstaff V. Short Horn Dairy Co., 768
Wait V. Borne, 762
Waite V. Dolby, 527
Waithman v. Weaver, 451
Wakefield v. Stedman, 405, 684
Wakeford v. Commissioner of Railways,
610
WakeUn v. Morris, 448
Wakley v. Hart, 1279
V. Johnson, R. & M., 449
Wakeman v. Illingsworth, 1039, 1040
V. Wheeler & W. M. Co., 193, 193a,
633, 834c, 1294
Wakes v. New York Cent. & H. R. R.
R., 1356
Walbridge v. Walbridge, 1215
Walcott V. Harris, 678
V. Holcomb, 1258
Wald V. Pittsburgh, C, C. & St. L.
R. R., 119 -
Walden v. Sherburne, 311
V. Western U. T. Co., 883
Waldhier v. H. & St. J. R. R., 1356
Waldo V. Fobes, 676
V. Long, 969, 982
Waldrip v. Black, 794, 807c
Waldron v. Berry, 106
V. Hendrickson, 90
V. McCarty, 956
V. Marcier, 930
V. St. Paul, 1363
Waldteufel v. Pacific Vineyard Co., 620
Wales V. Bogue, 676
V. Pacific E. M. Co., 573o
V. Waterbury Mfg. Co., 1237
Walker v. Bank, 819
V. Bement, 257, 407
V. Borland, 317, 432o, 519, 565
V. Boston & M. R. R., 44, 484
V. Bradley, 303
V. Broadhurst, 789
V. Chanslor, 383&
V. Constable, 285, 287
V. Davis, 924a
V. Deaver, 79 Mo. 664; 976, 979
V. Deaver, 5 Mo. App. 139; 980
V. Engler, 419
V. Erie Ry., 180, 1325
V. France, 1016, 1027
3061
V. Hadduck, 307, 999a
V. Hatton, 1000
V. Hitchcock, 910
V. Hoisington, 1060
V. Johnson, 13 Ark. 522; 975
V. Johnson, 6 Ind. App. 600; 641b
V. Johnson, 28 Minn. 147; 493
». Lake Shore & M. S. Ry., 104
Mich. 606; 583
V. Lake Shore & M. S. Ry., Ill
Mich. 518; 577
V. McMcCoy, 1042
V. McNeiU, 573a, 577
i;. Martin, 1326
V. Moore, 156, 6076, 1002, 1017
V. Old Colony & N. R. R., 1119,
1166d
V. Orange, 657
V. Osgood, 691
V. Pittman, 459
V. Pritchard, 685^
V. Schuyler, 921
V. Sedalia, 1166e
V. Sedgwick, 1053
V. Simmons Mfg. Co., 1367
D.Smith, 4 Dall. 389; 823
V. Smith, 1 Wash. C. C. 152; 31
V. Southern Ry., 317
V. Swayzee, 209, 992
V. Walker, 819
V. Wickens, 364, 377
V. Wilmarth, 548, 568
V. Wills, 302a
V. Wilson, 363a
Walker and Nevil's case, 921
Wall V. Cameron, 47, 481
V. City of London R. P. Co., 30,
1018
V. Hill, 922
V. Hinds, 999ft
V. HoUoman, 933
V. Livezay, 481
V. London R. P. Co., 1014, 1020
V. Pittsburgh Harbor Co., 932
V. Piatt, 935a
Wallace v. Ah Sam, 156
V. Bach, 1353
V. Bentley, 838
V. Brown, 1328
3062
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
WaUace v. Clark, 691a
V. Dallas, 1108
V. Drew, 36o
V. Finberg, 467
». Finch, 930a
V. Floyd, 664
V. Goodall, 70, 929a, 933
V. Hallowell, 778
V. Insurance Co., 720, 722a, 723
V. Jefferson Gas Co., 1161, 1164
V. Long, 6736
V. Pecos & N. T. Ry., 843a
0. Pennsylvania R. R., 112, 181,
482a
V. Swift, 121a, 816, 817
V. Talbot, 975
V. Telfair, 817
V. Terry, 684
V. Thames, etc., Ins. Co., 711
V. Vacuum Oil Co., 1354
V. Vigus, 844
V. Western N. C. R. R., 41, 47, 180,
226/
V. Williams, 363
V. Wihnington & N. R. R., 86c,
481, 485
V. Wren, 762
V. York, 237
Waller v. Long, 411
V. Midland G. W. Ry., 843
V. Waller, 363
Wallerstein v. Columbian Ins. Co.,
710
Walley v. Deseret Nat. Bank, 256, 497
Walling V. Schwartzkopf, 1060
Wallingford v. Kaiser, 228/, 247
V. Western U. T. Co., 883
Wallis V. Chowning, 363
V. Cook, 844
V. DiUey, 341, 685^
V. Keeney, 686a
V. Smith, 413, 414
V. Westport, 486
Wallor V. Bowling, 4926
Walls V. Johnson, 538, 689a
V. People's Ry., 482, 484, 485
V. Rochester Ry., 1367
Wallsworth v. Mead, 802
Walnut V. Wade, 346
Walnut R. M. Co. v. Cohn, 734
Walrath v. Redfield, 18 N. Y. 457; 316,
319
V. Redfield, 11 Barb. 368; 225, 942
V. Whittekind, 6466
Walser v. W. U. Tel. Co., 170
Walsh V. Adams, 83
V. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry., 42, 46a
V. Fisher, 672, 673/
.,. Hale, 1016
V. Jenvey, 656, 657
V. Myers, 617, 636a, 752
V. New York Cent. & H. R. R.,
1356
V. Sayre, 1309
V. Sisson, 440
Walshe v. Endom, 999
Waltenberg v. Bernhard, 366
Walter v. Hangen, 644, 656
V. Maresch, 12866
V. Post, 71, 182, 926, 932
V. Warfield, 691a
Walter A. Wood M. & R. M. Co. w.
Hancock, 241a
Walter Baker & Co. v. Slack, 1246c
Walter W. Pharo, The, 196
Walters v. Chamberlin, 932, 939
V. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. R., 575
V. McGirt, 304
V. Transue, 988o
Walterscheid v. Crupper, 1343
Walthur v. Wetmore, 499
Walton V. Campbell, 236, 961, 982, 983
V. Meeks, 1010, 1017
V. Ruggles, 90
V. U. S., 338
V. Vanderhoof, 334
Walton Ave., In re, 1151
Walworth v. Finnegan, 656, 660, 662
V. Pool, 206, 858
Wamsley v. Atlas Steamship Co., 250
V. Wamsley, 734
Wanamaker v. Bowes, 363, 565
Wanata, The, 324, 598
Wandelohr v. Grayson County Nat.
Bank, 681a, 689
Wanderer, The, 599
Wanhscaffe v. Pontoja, 988
Wankowski v. Crivitz P. & P. Co., 1349
Wann v. Western U. T. Co., 876
Wanser v. Messier, 774
Wapello V. Bigham, 692b
Waples V. Overaker, 755
Wappoo Mills V. Commercial Guano
Co., 734
Ward V. Adams' Trustee, 999c
V. Ashbrook, 979
V. Benson, 60
V. Blackwood, 41 Ark. 295; 360,
384
V. Blackwood, 48 Ark. 396; 41, 47,
481
V. Carson R. W. Co., 503, 933
V. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry., 937,
937a
V. Dick, 447
V. The Fashion, 587
V. Fellers, 1040, 1049, 1068
V. Haws, 236, 1257
V. Henry, 82
V. Hood, 689a
V. Hudson River Big. Co., 408, 419
V. Kelsey, 991
V. Kenner, 334
V. Meeds, 1348
V. Moffett, 53
V. New York C. R. R., 146, 854
V. Salisbury, 674
V. Smith, 7 Wall. 447; 340c
V. Smith, 11 Price, 19; 185, 1266
V. Vanderbilt, 171a, 863
V. Ward, 372
V. West Jersey & S. R. R., 43A
Warde v. Aeyre, 505
Warden v. Greer, 844
V. Philadelphia, 1171
Wardens & Commonalty of the Mys-
tery of Grocers v. Donne, 1108
Warder v. Arell, 267
Warder B. & G. Co. v. Cuthbert,
1326
Wardrobe v. California Stage Co., 368,
378
Ward's C. & P. L. Co. v. Elkins, 842
Ware v. Cartledge, 445
V. Fowler, 556
V. McMurray, 611
0. Owens, 921
V. Simmons, 333
V. Weathnall, 774, 959
V. Welch, 180
TABLE OF CASES 3063
[References are to sections]
Ware Bros. Co. v. Cortland C. & C. Co.,
633/
Warfield v. Booth, 632, 1062
V. Clark, 777
V. Walter, 55
Waring v. Cunliffe, 343
V. Gaskill, 1069
V. Henry, 308
Warlow V. Harrison, 834
Warner v. Abbey, 929
V. Bacon, 89, 226w, 1007 1261
V. Benjamin, 777
V. Chamberlain, 44
V. Hitchins, 999^
V. Juif, 326
V. Lockerby, 449, 451
V. Lumber, etc., Co., 1149
V. Matthews, 78, 691b
V. Press Pub. Co., 377
V. Southern Pac. Co., 1342
V. Talbot, 1371
V. Thurlo, 678
V. Vaimy, 82
V. Winfrey, 1027
Warner Instrument Co. v. Ingersoll,
1271
Warr v. London County Council, 1097
Warrall v. Munn, 301b
Warren v. A. B. Mayer Mfg. Co., 734,
742
V. Banning, 301b
V. Chandler, 1007, 1010
V. Coharie Lumber Co., 363
V. Cole, 229
V. Deslippes, 99
V. Franklin Ins. Co., 271, 712, 717
V. Kelley, 81
V. Powers, 692;
V. Putnam, 934a
V. Ray, 233
V. Stoddart, 205, 222
V. Tyler, 1054
V. Wagner, 999j
V. Westrup, 1279
V. Wheeler, 1012, 1018
Warren & O. V. R. R. v. Waldrop, 1367
Warren County v. Klein, 293, 337
V. Rand, 1139a
V. Ward, 692d
Warrick v. Reinhardt, 945
3064
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Warrick v. Rounds, 1249, 1263
Warrior C. & C. Co. v. Mabel Min. Co.,
934, 935
Wartman v. Swindell, 109, 432
Warwick v. Ely, 301c
V. Foulkes, 465
V. Hutchinson, 139
V. Richardson, 795
Washbiun v. Carthage Nat. Bank,
252
V. GUman, 36a
V. Hubbard, 834c
V. Milwaukee & L. W. R. R., 253,
1130, 1148
Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. v. Worces-
ter, 1149
Washington, The, 9 Wall. 513; 599
Washington, The, 5 Jur. 1067; 588
Washington v. Hunt, 692/
v. Pacific E. R. R., 171a
V. Park, 685j
V. Potomac E. & C. Co., 419
V. Rhode Island Co., 1347
V. Timberlake, 1266
Washington & G. R. R. v. American
Car Co., 195
V. Dashiell, 43i
V. Harmon, 86c, 322, 334
V. Hickey, 486a
V. Patterson, 485
Washington & N. O. T. Co. v. Hobson,
884, 895
Washington A. & G. S. P. Co. v. Sickles,
1220
Washington, A. & M. V. Ry. v. Lukens,
143, 150
Washington Cemetery v. Prospect
Park & C. I. R. R., 1184
Washington County Court v. McKee,
337
Washington County Ins. Co. v. Colton,
678
Washington County Water Co. v.
Garver, 184
Washington Ice Co. v. Chicago, 1138
V. Shortall, 936
V. Webster, 125 U. S. 426; 690
V. Webster, 68 Me. 449; 216, 531,
532, 533, 635, 536, 537, 538, 689,
690, 1297
Washington L. P. Co. v. Goodrich, 1355
Washington Mills E. M. Co. o. Wey-
mouth & B. I. Co., 722, 725
Washington Mills M. Co. v. Commer-
cial F. 1. Co., 725
Washington T. Co. v. Downey, 484
Wason V. Frank, 685
Wasson v. Gould, 339o
V. Palmer, 1023
Water Commissioners, Matter of, 926
Water Front on North River, Matter
of the, 12056
Water Lot Co. v. Leonard, 647c
Waterford School Trustees v. Clarkson,
692d
Waterer v. Freeman, 96a
Waterhouse v. Waite, 556
Waterman v. Chicago & A. R. R., 485,
1306, 1364
V. Clark, 1033, 1086
V. Frank, 681
Waters v. Bristol, 1326
V. Brown, 214, 938
V. Dumas, 360, 373
t). Greenleaf-Johnson Lumber Co.,
363, 387, 1164
V. Jones, 451
V. Monarch Ins. Co., 725
V. Stevenson, 503, 935
V. Towers, 134a
Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Deselms, 1326
V. Snell, 1364
Watkins v. Citizens' Nat. Bk., 81
V. Junker, 90 Tex. 586; 324a, 1264
V. Junker, 4 Tex. Civ. App. 629;
161, 617
V. Kaolin Mfg. Co., 43fe, 70
V. Morgan, 290
V. Paine, 762a
V. Rist, 214c
V. Walker Co., 1107
Watkinson v. Laughton, 295, 844
Watkiss V. Chicago, 1363
Watkyns v. Watkyns, 675c
Watriss v. Cambridge Bank, 999A
Watrous v. Bates, 740
Watson V. Ambergate, N. & B. Ry., 200
V. Augusta Brewing Co., 43/, 44
V. Bigelow, 660
V. Boswell, 437, 990o
TABLE
[References
Watson ti. Brightwell, 1364
V. Chicago, N. & S. P. Ry., 912
V. Coburn, 58, 497/
D. Colusa-Parrot M. & S. Co., 948
V. Cowdrey, 261
V. DeWitt County, 618, 655a, 660,
662
V. Dilts, 4Sh, 43i
V. Fuller, 334
V. Gray's H. B. Co., 608, 614
V. Hahn, 704, 803
V. Hamilton, 109
V. Harmon, 317, 1368
V. Hastings, 372
V. Hooton, 9996
V. Insurance Co. of N. Am., 714
V. Kirby, 741
V. Lisbon Bridge Co., 226o, 438
V. McLean, 493
V. Marine Ins. Co., 712
V. Metrop. El. R. R., 1209
V. Milwaukee & M. R. R., 1148
V. Mirike, 999a
V. Moore, 446
V. New Milford, 101, 942
V. Phoenix Bank, 341
V. Pittsburg, etc., R. R., 1142
V. Rinderknecht, 1215
V. Seaboard A. L. Ry., 581
V. Texas & P. R. R., 85c
V. Watson, 53 Mich. 168; 475
V. Watson, 10 C. B. 3; 921
Watt V. Hoch, 298
V. Nevada C. R. R., 433, 434, 436
V. Potter, 493
V. Riddle, 700
V. Watt, 1330
Watterson v. Alleghany V. R. R., 194,
620, 630
V. Jetche, 933
Wattles V. South Omaha I. & C. Co.,
999c
Watts V. Board of Education, 643, 656
V. Camors, 115 U. S. 353; 413, 858
V. Camors, 10 Fed. 145; 858
V. Eraser, 449
V. Garcia, 340a
V. Norfolk & W. R. R., 93, 1110,
1144, 1164
V. Parker, 966
OF CASES 3065
are to sections]
Watts V. Phoenix Mut. L. Ins. Co., 98
V. Rice, 682, 683
V. Sfaeppard, 415
V. South Bound R. R., 368
V. Todd, 665
V. Watts, 331
V. Weston, 107&
Watuppa Reservoir v. Fall River, 1119
Waugh V. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry., 169a
Waukegan v. Sharafinski, 1350
Wausau Boom Co. v. Dunbar, 1275
Way V. Abington Mut. F. Ins. Co., 723a
Way, The, 592
Waycross Air Line R. R. v. Offerman
& W. R. R., 688a
Wayman v. Cochrane, 334
Wajme v. Atlantic Ave. R. R., 180
V. Holmes, 1220, 1228
V. Styles, 995
Waynesboro Mut. F. Ins. Co. v. Crea-
ton, 722
Waynesville Wood Mfg. Co. v. Berlin
Mach. Works, 767
Wea Twp., Tippecanoe County, v.
Cloyd, 252
Weart v. Hoagland, 611
Weast V. Derrick, 1023
Weatherby v. Shackleford, 685?
Weatherford M. & F. Co. v. Tate, 742a
Weatherford M. W. & N. N. W. Ry. v.
Cutcher, 47
Weathers v. Mudd, 1273
Weaver v. Bachert, 639
V. Cone, 439a
V. Cox, 334
V. Darby, 78
V. Mississippi & R. R. B. Co., 924a,
1301
V. Page, 1326
V. Williams, 538
Webb V. Alexander, 956
V. Anspaok, 962t
V. Atlantic C. L. R. R., 368
V. Daggett, 999?
V. Denver & R. G. Ry., 573a, 1367
V. Depew, 666
V. Duckingfield, 673/
V. Fish, 687
V. Gilman, 360, 364, 365, 366, 372,
489a
3066
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to eections]
Webb V. Gross, 98, 106
V. Holt, 959, 982
V. J. L. Wiginton & Co., 364
V. Laird, 685, 685/
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 219
V. Minneapolis St. Ry., 1346
V. Pond, 795
V. Portland Manuf. Co., 29
V. Protection Ins. Co., 714
V. Rothschild, 372
V. Trescony, 8343
V. Webb, 301c
V. Wheeler, 962
V. Yonkers R. R., 47
Webb, The, 598
Webbe v. Western U. T. Co., 876
Webber v. Barry, 128
V. Quaw, 934a
V. Wilcox, 685
Weber v. Anderson, 966
V. Butler, 445
V. Coussy, 962
V. Creston, 1364
V. Heam, 312
V. Henry, 531a
w. M.&E.R.R.,67a
V. Vernon, 990
V. Squier, 107o
Weber Gas & G. E. Co. v. Bradford, 667
Weber-Stair Co. v. Fisher, 365, 1343
Webster v. Beebe, 656
V. Be Tastet, 818
». Douglass County, 303
V. Enfield, 6556
I/. Hoban, 1023
V. Kansas City S. Ry., 117c, 331o,
1151
V. Moe, 519, 933, 934a
V. Seattle R. & S. Ry., 483
V. Wade, 665
V. Woolford, 143
Webster L. Co. v. Higgins, 1231
Weckler v. Chicago, 1130
Weddle v. Stone, 606a
Weed V. Brush, 388
V. Draper, 618
V. Panama R. R., 863
V. Weed, 335
Weed Sewing Machine Co. v. Winchel,
692a
Weedon v. American B. & T. Co., 419
Weeks v. Barton, 975
V. Fletcher, 1354
■ V. Hasty, 304
V. Holmes, 606a
V. Leighton, 673a
V. Little, 89 N. Y. 566; 425
V. Little, 47 N. Y. Super. Ct. 1; 419
V. Prescott, 127, 682
V. Profert, 836
V. Rector, etc., of Trinity Church,
642
Wegne v. Risch, 1370
Wegner v. Second W. S. Bank, 258,
324a, 538
Wehle V. Butler, 61 N. Y. 245; 60, 197
V. Butler, 43 How. Pr. 5; 296, 317
V. Haviland, 69 N. Y. 448; 197,
248a, 493
V. Haviland, 42 How. Pr. 399; 317
». Spelman, 60
Wehmeyer v. Mulvihill, 384
Weick V. Dougherty, 1326
Weide v. St. Paul, 331a
Weil V. Israel, 447, 1337
V. Kreutzer, 1355
Weingarten v. MetropoUtan St. Ry.,
1348
Weingrad v. Kletzky, 623
Weinhardt v. New Orleans, 1355
Weir V. Allegheny County, 293, 317
V. Plymouth, 942
V. St. Paul, S. & T. F. R. R., 1148
V. Union Ry., 181, 181a, 482o
Weis V. DevUn, 655c
V. Madison, 1115
Weisenberg v. Appleton, 485
Weiser V. L. & W. Co. v. Ryan, 1171
Weiskopf V. Ritter, 1353
Weiting v. Millston, 123
V. Nissley, 966
Weitz V. Ewen, 1249, 1254
Welborn v. Dixon, 370, 603
Welch V. Adams, 301c
V. Anderson, 146, 842
V. Durand, 233, 234, 359, 372
V. Lawson, 651, 1012a
V. McDonald, 419
V. Maine Cent. R. R., 574a
V. Milwaukee, etc., R. R,, 1154
TABLE OF CASES
3067
[References
Welch V. Nichols, 753
V. Ndrtheastem R. R., 233
V. Pierce, 927
V. PiCToy, 125a
V. Seymour, 694
V. Southeastern R. R., 234
V. Urvany, 734
V. Ware, 482, 485o
V. Welch, 688a
V. Whittemore, 81
V. Winterburn, 912
Weld V. Bartlett, 554
V. Postal T. C. Co.i 22^, 523, 636e,
885, 895
V. Reilly, 53
Weldon v. Buck, 700
Weil V. Jackson Architectural Iron-
works, 1359
V. Moran Bros. Co., 1351
Weller v. Baker, 100
V. Heimbruck, 927
Welling V. La Bau, 34 Fed. 40; 1237
V: La Bau, 35 Fed. 302; 1229
Wellington v. Boston & M. R. R., 1119
Wellington County v. Widmot Twp.,
343
Welliver v. Pennsylvania Canal Co.,
226n, 932
Wellman v. Dickey, 366, 378
V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1346
V. Miner, 2436
Wells V. Abemethy, 744, 1012
V. Babcock, 310a
V. Boston & M. R. R., 380
V. Commonwealth, 692
V. Denver & R. G. W. Ry., 577, 578
V. Enright, 301a
V. Hobbs, 301
V. National L. Assoc, 193a, 834d,
834e
■ V. New Haven & N. Co., 1110
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R., 25
App. Div. 365; 126o
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R, 78
App. Div. 1; 1367
V. Padgett, 45, 475, 637, 639, 641
V. Pickman, 557
V. Sanger, 1326
V. Sawyer, 1326
V. Selwood, 762
are to sections]
Wells V. Somerset & K. Railroad, 1107
V. Watling, 100
V. Western U. T. Co., 878, 879
Wells, Fargo & Co. v. Battle, 856
V. Davis, 334
V. Thompson, 152
Wellston Coal Co. v. Franklin Paper
Co., 655&
Wellsville, The, v. Geisse, 1046
Welsh V. Brown, 8 Ind. App. 421; 8186
V. Brown, 43 N. J. L. 37; 301c
V. C, B. & K. C. Ry., 1140
e. First Div. of St. P. & P. R. R. R.,
346
V. Kibler, 976, 982
V. London Assur. Corp., 725
V. Metropolitan El. R. R., 1201
V. Tri-City Ry., 1331
Weltners v. Riggs, 753
Wemple v. Stewart, 246, 739
Wendling v. Jennisch, 310a
Wendt V. Craig, 1335
Wenger v. Calder, 484
Wenham v. Wilson, 493o
Wensel v. Ins. Assoc, 722a, 724
Wentworth v. Blackman, 363
V. Dows, 1046
Wentz V. Bernhardt, 461, 463
Werbolovsky v. New York & B. D. E.
Co., 486c
Werfehnan v. Manhattan R. R., 1200,
1201
Werges v. St. Louis, C. & N. O. R. R.,
1123
Werkheiser P. M. Co. v. Langford, 367
Werner v. Brooklyn E. R. R., 1367
V. Edmiston, 36a
V. Finley, 407, 408, 411, 4l3
V. Graley, 533
Wernwag v. Mothershead, 331
Werth V. Springfield, 1110
Wertham v. Mason C. & F. D. R. R.,
1154a, 1157
Wertheim v. Chicoutimi Pulp Co., 7356
Wertz V. Western U. T. Co., 876
Wesley v. Chicago, St. P. & K. C. Ry.,
1354
Wesnieski v. Vanek, 1250
West V. Anderson, 442
V. Caldwell, 532
3068
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
West V. Carter, 1028
V. Chamberlin, 800
V. East Coast Cedar Co., 685
V. Forrest, 44o, 47, 481
V. Hughes, 914
V. Martin, 182a, 187, 435, 435a
V. Milwaukee, etc., R. R., 1151
V. Pritchard, 519, 744
V. Rice, 555
V. St. Paul Nat. Bank, 695o, 819
V. Waddill, 1012a
V. Walker, 452
V. Wentworth, 509, 744
V. West, 959
V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 894
V. White, 334, 497/
West Chester & W. P. R. R. v. Chester
County, 1171d
West Chicago Alcohol Works v. Sheer,
307, 999a
West Chicago & St. R. R. v. Carr, 226/
V. Chicago, 1171
V. Dooley, 573a, 584
V. Dougherty, 485o
V. Poster, 573a
V. James, 47
V. Lups, 1359
V. Mileham, 1350
V. Morrison, etc., Co., 363a, 365
V. Musa, 1347
!;. Scanlan, 1367
West One Hundred and Seventy-
Seventh St., In re, 243c
West Coast Mfrs. Agency v. Oregon
Condensed Milk Co., 426
V. West Coast Imp. Co., 975
West Covington v. Schultz, 1110
West Florida Land Co. v. Studebaker,
1027
West K. C. Co. V. Davis, 482, 484, 485
West Leigh Colliery Co. v. Tunnicliffe,
932
West Muncie S. B. Co. u. Slack, 948
West Republic Mining Co. v. Jones,
301, 308, 760
West Skokie Drainage Dist. v. Dawson,
1179
West Virginia, P. & T. R. R. v. Gibson,
253, 1138a, 1171
West W. Ry. v. Foley, 336
Westbay v. Terry, 417
Westbroojc v. McMillan, 973
V. Mize, 36a, 856
Westchester & W. P. R. R. v. Chester
County, 1173
Westcott V. Middleton, 42, 43/
V. Nims,
V. Rude, 1222
Westerfield v. Scripps, 446
Westerman v. Means, 405
Western v. Sharp, 655
Western & A. Pipe Lines v. Home Ins.
Co., 302, 725
Western & A. R. Co. v. Bailey, 117
V. Brown, 318
V. Clark, 581
V. McCauley, 318
V. Meigs, 67a
1). Moore, 580o
V. Robinson, 5706, 585
V. Tate, 933
V. Young, 316, 4866
Western Assur. Co. v. Southwestern
Transp. Co., 714
V. Studebaker Bros. Manuf. Co.,
722
Western B. & S. Co. v. Jevne, 908, 932
Western Bank v. Sherwood, 676
Western C. P. Co. v. Anderson, 367
Western Gas Const. Co. v. Dowagiac
Gas & Fuel Co., 419
Western G. R. Co. v. Cox, 187
Western M. Co. v. The Guiding Star,
317, 852
Western Maryland R. R. v. Martin, 74
V. Stbckdale, 865
Western Nat. Ba^ v. White, 168
Western News Co. v. Wilmarth, 373o
Western Pennsylvania R. R. «. Hill,
1169
Western R. R. v. Babcock, 1007, 1017
V. Bayne, 708
V. Harwell, 851
V. Lazarus, 1296
Western S. C. & F. Co. v. Bean, 1363
Western States, The, 1342
Western Transportation Co. v. Hoyt,
841
Western Twine Co. v. Wright, 762
Western Union R. R. v. Smith, 655
TABLE OF CASES 3069
[References are to sections]
Western U. T. Co. v. Adams, 169, 894c Western U. T. Co. v. Cooper, 44, 45a,
47, 1266, 894
». Adams Mach. Co., 888
V. Allen, 878
V. Arant, 894
V. Archie, 46a
». Askew, 882
V. Aubrey, 890
V. Ayers, 8946
V. Barkley, 883
V. Barlow, 126a
V. Barrett, 894rf
V. Beals, 876, 881
V. Bell, 1341
V. Bennett, 1341
V. Berdine, 1341
V. Beringer, 894
V. Bertram, 879
V. Bickerstaff, 894rf
V. Blackmer, 894c, 1341
V. Blanchard, 891
V. Blocker, 894a
V. Bodkin, 896
V. Bouchell, 1341
V. Bowen, 881
t>. Bowman, 888
V. Bradford, 885
V. Broesche, 876
V. Brown, 71 Tex. 723; 894c
V. Brown, 84 Tex. 54; 888
». Buchanan, 876
V. Bums, 894o
V. Butler, 784c
». Caldwell, 8946, 1341
V. Carew, 875, 876
V. Carter, 20 S. W. 834; 894c
V. Carter, 2 Tex. Civ. App. 624;
894d
V. Carter, 86 Tex. 580; 894(i
V. Carver, 880
V. Cashman, 385, 445
V. Chamblee, 876
V. Choteau, 45a
V. Cleveland, 894o, 894d!, 1341
V. Clifton, 879
V. Cobb, 1341
V. Coggin, 890
V. Collins, 156 Ala. 333; 1341
V. Collins, 45 Kan. 88; 881, 885
V. Connelly, 888
V. Cook, 876
V. Crall, 182a, 200
V. Crawford, 8816
V. Crocker, 894, 8946
V. De Andrea, 894<i
V. De Jarles, 894d
V. Dickens, 364, 366
V. DuBois, 885
V. Edsall, 880
V. Engler, 1348
V. Erwin, 894c
V. Eubanks, 876, 876
V. Evans 1341
V. Eyser, 368, 380
V. Fatman, 891
V. Feegles, 169, 894c
V. Fellner, 882, 889
V. Fenton, 878
V. Ferguson, 45a, 894
V. Fischer, 885
V. Fisher, 894, 894a, 8946
V. Fitzpatrick, 894c
V. Flint River Lumber Co., 885
V. Fontame, 890
V. Ford, 169, 8816
V. Fore, 894c
V. Fuel, 1341
V. Garthright, 894a
V. Giffin, 1341
V. Gilliland, 894c
V. Gillis, 1341
V. Gilstrap, 896
V. Glenn, 96
V. Glover, 894c
V. Graham, 169, 882
V. Griffin, 894c
V. Griswold, 875, 885
V. GuUege, 894c
V. Hall, 154, 200, 889, 890
V. Halltom, 894
V. Hanley, 894
V. Hardison, 1341
V. Hart, 885, 895
V. Hearne, 876
V. Heathcoat, 8946
V. Henley, 879
V. Hill, 163 Ala. 18; 894a
r. Hill, 26 S. W. 252; 1341
V. Hiller, 1341
3070 TABLE
[References
Western U. T. Co. v. Hines, 894
V. HoUingsworth, 894, 894d
V. Hope, 878
V. Houghton, 1341
V. Howie, 8816
V. Hyer, 891
V. Jackson, 163 Ala. 9; 894a
V. Jackson, 95 Miss. 471; 363
V. James, 876
V. Jobe, 881a
V. Karr, 1341
V. Kendzora, 894
V. Kerr, 894c
V. Kibble, 894c
V. Kirkpatrick, 169
V. Krichbavun, 894a
V. Lacer, 8946
V. Landis, 885
V. Landry, 894c
V. Lawson, 879, 896
V. Linn, 894c
v. Long, 8946
V. Lovett, 894c
V. Lycan, 881, 892
V. McCants, 885
V. McDavid, 1341
V. McKibben, 881
V. McLaurin, 892
V. McLeod, S94c
V. McMillan, 8946
V. McMorris, 8946, 894d
V. Manker, 894a
V. Martin, 890
V. Matthews, 895
V. Merrill, 8946
V. Merritt, 891
V. Miller, 363
V. Milton, 891
V. Moore, 169, 894c
V. Motley, 894d
V. Mullens, 879
V. Murray, 894d
V. N. Lehman & Bro., 170
V. Nagle, 880
V. Nations, 894c
V. Neel, 894
V. Neill, 876
V. Oastler, 894c
V. Odonv, 894, 894a
!>. Olivarri, S90
OF CASES
are to sections]
Western U. T. Co. v. Parlin, 879
V. Peagler, 894c
V. Finer, 9 Tex. Civ. App. 301;
1341
V. Finer, 8 Tex. Civ. App. 152;
1341
V. Forter, 894c
V. Potts, 878, 894c
V. Powell, 8816
V. Frevatt, 8946
V. Price, 1341
V. Proctor, 881, 894d
V. Reid, 886
V. Reynolds, 891
V. Rhine, 1341
V. Rich, 47, 894
V. Richman, 885
V. Ring, 1295
V. Robertson, 885
V. Robinson, 876
V. Rogers, 894
V. Rowell, 894a
V. Saunders, 8946
ti. Seed, 896
V. Sheffield, 887
V. Shenep, 894(i
V. Shofner, 894c
V. Short, 876
V. Shotter, 885
V. Shumate, 879, 881a
V. Simpson, 894c
V. Sledge, 894o
i). Sloss, 1341
V. Smith, 380, 383a
«-. State, 332
V. Steenbergen, 876, 8946
V. Stephens, 8816
V. Stiles, 879
V. Stone, 894(i
V. Sullivan, 880
V. Taylor, 895, 1341
V. Teague, 894
V. Thompson, 1341
V. Toms, 894c
V. True, 879
V. Truitt, 885
V. Turner, 880
it. Twaddell, 879
V. Van Cleave, 45a, 876, 894, 8946
V. Waller, 894c
TABLE OF CASES
3071
[References
Western U. T. Co. v. Waters, 894a
V. Way, 208o, 883, 891
V. Waxelbaum, 876
V. Weiting, 876, 891
«, Wells, 45
V. Weniski, 894c, 1341
V. West, 894ti
V. Westmoreland, 894o, 894c
V. Wilhelm, 883, 888
V. Williams, 129 Ky. 515; 894d
V. Williams, 122 S. W. 280; 212o
V. WilUams, 137 S. W. 148; 882
V. Williford; 881
I). Wilson, 93 Ala. 32; 894a
V. Wilson, 32 Fla. 527; 890
V. Wilson, 97 Tex. 22; 8946
V. Wingate, 894
V. Witt, 45a, 894
V. Wood, 894
V. Woods, 88 111. App. 375; 4866
V. Woods, 133 S. W. 440; 882
V. Wright, 894a
V. Young, 130 S. W. 257; 894<i
V. Young, 133 S. W. 512; 894a
V. Zane, 1341
Westervelt v. Demarest, 4396
V. St. Louis Transit Co., 1363
V. Smith, 805
Westfall V. Mapes, 603
V. Peacock, 753
V. Perry, 603
Westfield v. Mayo, 241
V. Westfield, 330
Westinghouse v. New York A. B. Co.,
323
Westinghouse C. K. & Co. v. Reming-
• ton Salt Co., 762
Westlake v. Degraw, 1057
Weston V. Bamicoat, 443
V. Boston & M. R. R., 164, 182a,
856a
V. Brown, 310
V. Chamberlain, 634
V. Grand T. Ry., 854
V. Gravlin, 71, 373, 926
Westphal v. New York, 1256/
Wetherbee v. Bennett, 970, 973
V. Marsh, 451
Wetherell v. Chicago City R. R., 57Sa
V. Stilhnan, 334
are to sections]
Wetmore v. Greene, 972
V. Jaffray, 614
V. Pattison, 156
V. Woodhouse, 312
Wetter v. Kleinert, 642
Wetzel V. Satterwhite, 935a
Wetzell V. Richcreek, 984
Weybrick v. Harris, 762, 770
Weyer v. Chicago, W. & N. R. R., 1163,
1165
Weymer v. Belle Plaine Broom Co., 674
Weymouth v. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 619
Whalon v. Aldrich, 620, 735c
Whalen v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry., 1357
V. Layman, 639
V. St. Louis, K. C. & N. R. R.,
485, 1356
V. Union B. & P. Co., 36a
Wharton v. Cunningham, 278
v. Winch, 636s, 655a
Wheat V. Dotson, 1033, 1053
Wheatland v. Taylor, 415
Wheatley v. Thorn, 386, 489
Wheatly v. Miscal, 673a
Wheaton v. Lund, 646a
V. Pike, 345
Wheaton B. & I. Co. v. Boston, 416a
WTieeden v. Fiske, 655
Wheelan v. Chicago, M. & S. P. Ry.,
574a
Wheeler v. Commercial Investment
Co., 12866
V. Cleveland, 617
V. Hanson, 459
V. Haskins, 305
V. Hatheway, 301c
V. Meyer, 679o
V. Miller, 301a
V. Newberry County, 337
V. Pereles, 80, 259
V. Pettes, 554
V. Randall, 125, 709
V. Shed, 999e
V. Sohier, 956
V. Styles, 1006, 1012a
V. Sweet, 684a
V. Tyler S. W. R. R., 171a
V. Worcester, 36a
Wheeler & W. M. Co. v. Boyoe, 360,
380, 1336
3072 TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
M. Ck). V. Thompson, White v. Carlton, 697
Wheeler & W.
762
Wheeless v. Williams, 302
Wheeling M. & F. Co. v. Wheeling S. &
I. Co., 419
Wheeling, P. & B. R. R. v. Warrell,
1175
Wheelock v. Berkely, 762
V. Noonan, 1195
V. Postal T. C. Co., 890
V. Tanner, 340
V. Wheelright, 55
Wheelwright v. Beers, 844
Whelan v. Lynch, 824, 1299
Whelchel v. Duckett, 684
Whereatt v. Ellis, 678
Whiltey ti.. Mississippi Water Power &
Boom Co., 1148
Whipple V. Cumberland Manuf'g Co.,
99, 233, 1325
V. Fair Haven, 924
V. Wanskuck Co., 932
Whisler v. Bragg, 704
V. Hicks, 973, 979
Whissenhimt v. Jones, 913
Whitaker v. Dunn, 659
V. Greer, 921
V. Harrold, 19
V. Hartford, P. & F. R. R., 346
V. Hawley, 999(i
V. Phoenixville, 1154
V. Sandifer, 667
V. Sunmer, 545
Whitbeck v. New York C. R. R., 503,
933
V. Skinner, 9996, 1046
Whitcher v. Benton, 1129
Whitcofsky v. Weu', 1357
Whitcomb v. Harris, 345
V. Houston, 416a
White V. Arleth, 411
V. Baker, 274
V. Barnes, 366
V. Beard, 973
V. Braddock Borough School Dist.,
657
V. Brockway, 620, 657, 762
V. Brooke, 685, 685/1
V. Cannada, 1258
V. Chapman, 1038
V. Charlotte & S. C. R. R., 1148,
11716
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 214a
V. Chicago, St. L. & P. R. R., 1109
V. Clack, 920
V. Commissioners of Works, 1080,
1087
V. Concord R. R., 1298
V. Conly, 126d
V. County Commissioners, 1147
V. Dingley, 407
V. Ditson, 311a
V. Dougherty, 650
V. Dresser, 43/, 925
V. Fifth Ave. & H. S. B. Co., 1154
V. Foxborough, 1160(i
V. Fratt, 684fl
V. French, 864o
V. Givens, 237
». Green, 635
V. Gregory, 477
V. GriflSn, 98, 101
V. Hermann, 1295
V. Higgins, 1012
V. litis, 331
f . Jones, 557
V. Kearney, 750
D. Knox, 34Go
V. Lyons, 303, 324a
V. McLaren, 644
V. Madison, 837
V. Mary Ann, The, 67o
V. Matador Land & C. Co., 755
V. Metropolitan E. Ry., 1154
V. Miller, 47 Ind. 385; 797, 798
V. Miller, 71 N. Y. 118; 191, 316,
768
V. Milwaukee C. Ry., 1309
V. Moseley, 127a, 182, 189
D. Moses, 916
V. Murtland, 475, 476
V. Nassau Trust Co., 93a
V. Northwest Stage Co., 1260
V. Oliver, 657
i;. Pease, 1298
V. Railroad Co., 1148, 1168
t>. Republic F. I. Co., 723a
V. St. Guirons, 901
f . SaUsbury, 738
TABLE OF CASES
3073
[References
White V. Sawyer, 431
V. Sealy, 678
V. Sheffield, & T. S. Ry., 537
V. Smith, 54 la. 233; 1027o
V. Smith, 54 N. Y. 522; 303, 828
V. Spangler, 372
i). Street, 964 965
V. Stretch, 973
V. Smi Pub. Co., 383, 386, 453
V. Sutherland, 1052
V. Thomas, 640o
V. Tompkins, 279c, 734
V. White, 76 Kan. 82; 385
V. White, 101 Minn. 451; 1338
V. White, 140 Wis. 538; 382, 1338
V. Whitney, 962, 974
I). Webb, 76, 81
V. Wyley, 467
V. Yawkey, 502
V. Yazoo City, 1108
White River School Township v. Dor-
rell, 302a
White S. M. Co. v. Dakin, 678
White's Bk. of Buffalo v. Nichols, 1187
Whitecotton v. St. Louis R. R., 1154c
Whitehall v. Squire, 61, 1044
Whitehall T. Co. v. New Jersey S. B.
Co., 316
Whiteham v. Westminster, B. C. & C.
Co., 252
Whitehead v. Brothers Lodge No. 132
i: O. O. F., 308o
V. Callahan, 906
V. Cape Henry Syndicate, 685e
V. Darling, 834
V. Ducker, 106
V. Manor Borough, 1149
V. Ryder, 767
V. Vamum, 553, 554
V. Wisconsin Cent. Ry., 1356
Whitehead & A. M. Co. v. Ryder, 226d,
764
Whitehouse v. Androscoggin R. R.,
1110
V. Atkinson, 495
V. Staten I. W. S. Co., 618
Whitehurst v. Fayetteville M. I. Co.,
723a
Whiteley v. China, 125
Whiteley M. C. Co. v. Wishon, 482
193
are to sections]
Whiteman v. Hawkins, 8186
Whiteman's Ex. v. Wilmington & S.
R. R., 1148
Whitemarsh v. Hall, 673a
Whiter ;;. Murtland, 475
Whitesell v. Crane, 1288
V. Study, 468
Whiteside v. Assoc, 685A;
V. Cottage Assoc, 685fc
V. Jennings, 1012, 1018
V. Magruder, 970, 975
Whitfield V. Levy, 413
V. Riddle, 278
V. Rowland Lumber Co., 933
V. Westbvook, 385
V. Whitfield, 375, 516, 527, 1296
V, Zellnor, 655c
Whitford v. Panama R. R., 573, 573a
Whitham v. Kershaw, 999ft
Whiting V. Aldrich, 803
V. Commonwealth, 1169
V. Dewey, 977
V. Eagan, 1364
V. Price, 777
Whitkowski v. Hill, 531a
Whitledge v. Wait, 916, 917
Whitley v. Moseley, 278
V. Murray, 673/
Whitlock V. Crew, 3016
u. Northern Pac. Ry., 1342
Whitman v. Boston & M. R. R., 1147,
1295
V. Merrill, 107c, 529
Whitmark v. Lorton, 107a
Whitmarsh v. Littlefield, 222, 667
Whitmore v. Bischoff, 91
V. Bowman, 1293
V. Coats, 753, 755
V. Rice, 676
V. South Boston Iron Co., 762
V. Utah Fuel Co., 941
Whitney v. Adams, 363a, 934
V. Albani, 754
V. Allaire, 101, 777, 1056
V. Beckford, 844
V. Boardman, 755
V. Boston, 1147
V. Chicago & N. W. Ry., 317, 84-4
V. Clarendon, 86c
V. Elmer, 475
3074
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
Whitney v. Emmett, 1228
V. Hitchcock, 376, 471
V. Huntington, 503, 934
V. Janesville Gazette, 451
V. Lewis, 1053
V. Lynn, 1160
V. Merchants' Union Exp. Co.,
819, 856o
V. Meyers, 1057
V. Moingnard, 44a
V. New York F. I. Co., 841
V. Peddicord, 311c
V. Slayton, 86o
V. State, 338
.,. Thacher, 271, 753, 1294, 1299
Whitsell V. Rising, 734
Whitsctt V. Forehand, 734
Whitson V. Gray, 195
Whittacre v. Fuller, 339a
Whittaker v. Deadwood, 1112a, 1123
V. Welch, 632
Whittemore v. Cutter, 102, 235, 1212,
1220
Whitten v. Fuller, 54
Whittier v. Collins, 58
V. Sanborn, 943
Whitwell V. Wells, 689
Whitwham v. Westminster B. C. & C.
Co., 932
Whitworth v. Hart, 301, 303
V. Maden, 990a
V. Pool, 1012
V. Thomas, 1044
V. Tilman, 803, 804
Whitzman v. Hirsh, 961, 975
Whorley v. Tenn. C. E. Co., 632
Whorton ». Webster, 936
Wibaux V. Grinnell L. S. Co., 408, 415,
425
Wichita & C. Ry. v. Gibbs, 1334
Wichita & W. R. R. v. Beebe, 85c
V. Fechheimer, 95
V. Kuhn, 1148, 1165
Wichita G., E. L. & P. Co. v. Wright,
933
Wicker v. Hoppock, 789
Wickham v. Freeman, 931
Wickliffe v- Clay, 978, 981
Wicks V. German L. & I. Co., 1027
Widener v. State, 692o
Widrig V. Taggart, 1041
Wiegel V. Boone, 6556
Wier V. Allen, 451
V. St. Louis, F. S. & W. R. R., 1151
Wieser v. Times R. & C. Co., 614
Wiest V. Electric Tr. Co., 577
Wiffen V. Roberts, 702, 1050
Wiggin V. Coffin, 352, 1325
V. New York, 1156
Wiggins Ferry Co. v. Chicago & A.
R. R., 128 Mo. 224; 312, 633
V. Chicago & A. R. R., 73 Mo. 389;
614
Wiggins V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 937a
Wight V. City of Chicago, 416a
Wightman v. Chicago & N. R. R., 1342
V. Devere, 1249, 1249a, 1254
V. Macadam, 717
V. United States, 338
V. Waade, 1367
WigseU V. School, 631
Wihnyk v. Second Ave. R. R., 1361
Wilbeam v. Ashton, 395
Wilber v. Dwyer, 377a
Wilberding v. Dubuque, 86c
Wilbur V. Beecher, 1220, 1228, 1229
V. Hubbard, 36a
V. Johnson, 45, 637, 638, 639
V. Southwest M. E. Ry., 483
Wilby V. Elston, 1274
Wilcher v. Hamilton, 334
Wilcke V. Henrotin, 1354
Wilcox V. Alley, 373
V. Campbell, 35 Hun, 234; 220
V. Campbell, 106 N. Y. 325; 972
V. Danforth, 980a
V. Field, 1258
V. Green, 1326
V. Howland, 343
V. Leake, 1293
V. Muche, 973
V. Plummer, 86, 103
V. Rhode Island Co., 1355
V. Richmond & D. R. R., 52 Fed!
264; 45, 45a
V. Richmond & D. R. R., 3 C. C. A.
73; 3406
V. St. Paul, etc., R. R., 1154
V. Van Voorhis, 330
V. Walker, 416
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sectionsj
3076
Wilcox V. Wilmington City Ry., 573,
580
Wilcus V. Kling, 419
Wild V. Holt, 935
Wilde V. Clarkson, 678
V. Crow, 1259
V. New Orleans, 107o
Wilder v. Great Western Cereal Co.,
4866
V. Stanley, 1065
Wilder's Co. ;;. Lurline, 599c
Wildley v. School District, 657
V. Thornton, 426
Wilds V. Bogan, 639
Wiley !). Athol, 620
V. Howard, 975
V. West Jersey R. R., 126e
Wilhehn v. Eaves, 408, 413
Wilhoit V. Hancock, 473
Wilke V. Harrison, 666
Wilkens v. Wilkerson, 425
Wilkerson v. McDougal, 527
V. Met. St. Ry., 172a
Wilkes V. Bieme, 410, 415
V. Hungerford Market Company,
35
V. Lion, 901
Wilkie V. Raleigh & C. F. R. R., 485a
Wilkins V. Gihnore, 364, 930
V. Hogue, 973
Wilkinson v. Colley, 418, 426
V. Coverdale, 812, 817
V. Davies, 612, 614
V. Downton, iZh, iSj
V. Drew, 368, 1263
V. Dunbar, 87, 613, 636?
V. Ferree, 774
V. Hyde, 710
V. Northeast Borough, 485
V. Root, 1027
V. Searcy, 383c
V. Stanley, 987
V. Terry, 100
V. Washington Trust Co., 311/
Willamet Falls Canal, etc., Co. v. Kelly,.
1148
Willamette Valley, The, 865o
Willans V. Ayers, 701
Willard v. Mellor, 324a
V. Smith, 1017
Willard v. Stone, 641
V. Whitney, 5656
Wilier V. Ore. Ry. & Nav. Co., 182
Willet V. Johnson, 486
V. Scovill, 685/1
Willets V. Burgess, 969, 973, 979
Willett V. St. Albans, 3806
Willetts V. Buffalo & R. R. R., 585
Willey v.- Fredericks, 132, 631, 647c
V. Hunter, 942
V. Laraway, 72
V. Paulk, 692j'
V. St. Charles Hotel Co., 301
William and Anthony Streets, In re,
1128, 1157
Wilham Branfoot, The, 1356
William Butcher Steel Works v. Atkin-
son, 6736
William Farrell Lumber Co. v. Deshon,
979
WiUiam H. Bailey, The, 5996
Wilham M. Hoag, The, 593
Wm. Small & Co. w. Lonegan, 43i
Wilham Tarr Co. v. Kimbrough, 667
WilUams v. Anderson, 667
!). Archer, 508, 527
V. Arnold, 611
V. Atlantic C. L. R. R., 152
V. Ballinger, 685y
V. Bank of Commerce, 685
V. Barton, 121
». Baxter, 305
V. Beeman, 961, 981
V. Brooklyn El. R. R., 932, 1203
V. Brooklyn, 2216
V. Brown, 28 Oh. St. 547; 1303
V. Brown, 76 Iowa, 643; 107a
t). Burg, 982, 983
V. Burrell, 288, 982, 987
V. Camden & A. R. R., 581
II. Camden and Rockland Water
Co., 93
V. Case, 149
V. Chicago Coal Co., 206, 667
V. Clarke County, 485
V. Commonwealth, 1157
V. Craig, 310
V. Crosby Lumber Co., 752a
V. Crum, 493, 494
V. Currie, 350
3076 TABLE
[References
Williams v. Dakin, 401, 416
V. Detroit O. & C. Co., 52 Tex.
Civ. App. 243; 367
V. Detroit, O. & C. Co., 123 S. W.
405; 440
V. Dobson, 82
V. Earle, 999fc
V. Eldridge, 674
V. Elm City Lumber Co., 933
I/. Esling, 101
V. Fowle, 972
V. Frybarger, 1016
V. Oilman, 631a
». Glenny, 664a
V. Glenton, 1007
V. Godwin, 755
V. Gold Creek M. & M. Co., 75
V. Green, 416
». Greenwade, 445, 448(i
V. Hall, 556
V. Hartford Ins. Co., T22a
V. Hathaway, 939
V. Hersey, 311
V. Hewitt, 970
V. Hoffingsworth, 639, 641
V. Huntington, 695
V. Island City Milling Co., 189
v: Island City M. & M. Co., 646,
6466
V. Jones, 1 Bush. 621; 753
V. Jones, 12 Ind. 561; 276
V. Kennebee Mut. Ins. Co., 710
V. Ladew, 999e
V. Leonard, 1230
V. Littlefield, 816
e. London Ass. Co., 1034
V. Luckett, 90, 673
V. McFadden, 777, 1027
V. Miller, 21 Ark. 469; 1060
V. Miller, Kirby, 189; 692d
1). Missouri Furnace Co., 86a, 93a,
925, 932
V. Morton, 692A;
V. Mostyn, 103, 547
V. Natural Bridge P. R. Co., 1152a
V. Nat. Park. Bank, 334
V. Newberry, 227
V. New York Central R. R., 1184,
1185
V. North China Ins. Co., 713
OF CASES
are to sections]
Williams v. Oliphant, 607, 984
V. Patterson, 676
V. Phelps, 537
V. Pomeroy Coal Co., 92
V. Porter, 656, 657
V. Raggett, 117
V. Reil, 363a
V. Reynolds, 157, 740
V. Robb, 755
K. Rome R. & L. Co., 862
V. Rome, W. &. O. R. R., 1237
V. Shaw, 1352
V. Sheldon, 36a
V. Sherman, 48 Barb. 402; 734
V. Sherman, 7 Wend. 109; 284, 999a
V. Shoudy, 337
V. Sims, 276
V. Smith, 2 Cai. 253; 335
». Smith, 2 Hill. 301; 703
V. South, etc., R. R., 584
V. State, 340c
V. Storrs, 305
t>. Underhill, 43i, 47
V. Vance, 405, 407, 410, 416
V. Vanderbilt, 160, 862, 868
V. Vail, 6916
V. Webb, 873a
V. Wetherbee, 982
V. Whitmore, 1023
V. Willhite, 340
V. Williams, L. R., 9 C. P. 659;
98, 999^
V. Williams, 20 Colo. 51; 376
V. Williams, 132 Mo. App. 266;
1345
V. Wilson, 1012a
V. Wood, 55 Minn. 323; 195, 540
V. Wood, 61 Minn. 194; 537
V. Woods, 16 Md. 220; 737
V. Yates, 614
V. Yoe, 46 S. W. 659; 1266
V. Yoe, 19 Tex. Qv. App. 281; 202,
203, 214
Williams's case, 35
Williamsburgh Sav. Bank v. Solon, 346
Williamson v. Barrett, 196, 226(i, 593
V. Bradenburg, 762, 766, 766, 772
V. Brooklyn Heights R. R., 1366
V. Broughton, 334
V. Central of Ga. Ry., 43j
TABLE OF CASES
3077
[References
Williamson v. Conday, 762
V. DUlon, 762
V. East Amwell, 1148
V. Hall, 970
V. Postal Tel. Co., 891
II. R. R., 380
V. Stevens, 984
V. Test, 964, 965
V. Williamson, 962, 983
Williar v. Baltimore Butchers' Loan,
etc., Assoc, 339o
Williford V. Western Union Telegraph
Co., 883
WUUmantic Thread Co. v. Clark
Thread Co., 1221
Willingham v. Hooven, 190, 6076, 613
Willings V. Consequa, 295, 341
WiUis V. Branch, 182a, 9906
V. Commissioners of Appeals, 324
V. Dudley, 762
V. Forrest, 4S7o
V. Jarrett Const. Co., 67 S. E. 265;
752a
V. Jarrett Const. Co., 152 N. C.
100; 752
V. McKinnon, 178 N. Y. 451; 914
V. McKinnon, 79 App. Div. 249;
916
V. McNatt, 317, 388, 565
V. McNeill, 1326
V. Morris, 910
V. Perry, 189, 222, 948
V. Second Ave. Traction Co., 481,
482, 485, 1363
V. Whitsitt, 665
Williston V. Matthews, 647c
V. Smith, 451
Willits V. Chicago, B. & K. C. Ry., 942
Willock V. Beaver Valley R. R., 1120
Willoughby v. Atkinson Furnishing
Co., 999i
V. Backhouse, 55
V. Comstock, 1069
V. Northeastern R. R., 363a
V. Thomas, 667
Willover v. Hill, 451
Wills V. AUison, 271
V. Brown, 308a
,v. Forester, 418
V. Wells, 261
are to sections]
Willsen v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1372
Willson V. McEvoy, 801
V. Northern Pac. R. R., 1342
V. Willson, 959, 966, 968, 969, 973,
974, 979, 982, 1275
Willy V. Fitzpatrick, 973
Wilmans v. Bank of Illinois, 301
Wilmerding v. McKessoro, 3116
Wilmes v. MinneapoUs, etc., R. R., 1154
Wilmington Candy Co. v. Remington
Mach. Co., 767
Wilmington Transp. Co. v. O'Neil, 423
V. The Old Kensington, 599c
Wilmington.& W. Raihoad v. King, 278
p. Smith, 1130
V. Stauffer, 1165
Wilmot V. Gardner, 310
V. McPadden, 5716 .
Wilmoth V. Hamilton, 740
Wilms V. White, 445
Wilson V. Apple, 448c
V. Arnold, 559a
V. Atlanta & C. Ry., 844, 854
V. Atlantic Coast Line R. R., 363
V. Baltimore, 416a
V. Barnes, 106
V. Bauman, 655a, 6556
V. Big Joe B. C. Co., 423
V. Borden, 615, 642
D. Bowen, 358, 366
V. Brett, 368
V. Cantrel, 692
V. Cent, of Ga. Ry., 226^
V. Chicago City Ry., 483, 1359
V. Cobb, 324a
V. Cochran, 973
V. Coulter, 4806, 1338
V. County, 33 lo
V. Dame, 834a
V. Daniel, 1285
V. Davis, 343
V. Dean, 411, 1266
V. Dunville, 164, 765
V. Ellis, 226c
V. Equitable Gas Co., 253, 1171
V. Forbes, 959, 966, 973, 978
V. General I. S. C. Co., 136
». George, 280
V. Godkin, 407
V, Graham, 635
3078
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections].
Wilson V. Granby, 234
V. Greensboro, 829, 1067
V. Hike, 1368
V. Hillhouse, 540, 565c
V. Holden, 1023
V. Irish, 973
V. Kelly, 345
V. Kenyon, 451
V. King, 762
V. Kisri, 667
V. Knott, 655c
V. Lancashire & Y. Ry., 1216, 136,
146, 854
V. MoEvoy, 236, 685m
V. Manning, 565a
V. Marsh, 334
». Martin, 205
V. Matthews, 509
V. Middleton, 386
V. Morgan, 1368
V. Nations, 447
V. New Bedford, 33
V. New Orleans, etc., R. R., 368
V. New U. S. Cattle Ranch Co.,
778, 781
V. Newport Dock Co., 135, 146,
226a
V. Nightingale, 61
V. Northern Pac. R. R., 43A
t:. Northampton, etc., Ry., 610,
620
V. Oatman, 922
V. Peelle, 966
V. People, 692/
V. Raybould, 990c
V. Reedy, 151, 164a
V. Root, 237
V. St. Louis & S. F. R. R., 852
V. Seattle, R. & S. Ry., 226a
V. Spencer, 1007
V. Stillwell, 789
V. Sullivan, 341
V. Troy, 135 N. Y. 96; 316, 318
V. Troy, 60 Hun, 183; 337
». Reedy, 767
w. Rockford, R. I. & St. L. R. R.,
1165
V. Russler, 734
V. Sandford, 1285
t;. Shepler, 445
Wilson V. Southern Pacific Co., 483
V. Spencer, 959
V. Sproul, 473
V. State, 692i
V. Vaughan, 361, 365
V. Waddell, 33
V. Wagar, 107d, 660
V. Weil, 167
V. Wemwag, 612
V. Western U. T. Co., 888
V. Wheeling, 3806, 481
V. Whitaker, 30
V. Wichita County, 692/
I). Wilkinson, 310a
V. Yocum, 186
V. York, Newcastle & Berwick
Railway, 856a
V. Young, 487a
Wilson, The, 599
Wiltburger v. Randolph, 308, 310
Wilton V. Webster, 478
Wilts V. Morrell, 811
Wiltse V. TUden, 580a, 1367
Wimber v. Iowa Cent. Ry., 1356
Wimberg v. Schevegeman, 98
Wimple V. Patterson, 777
Winans v. Sierra Lumber Co., 614
Winbume v. Bryan, 58
Winch V. Mutual B. I. Co., 301
Winchell v. National Exp. Co., 1296
Winchester v. Craig, 317, 502, 933
V. Patterson, 844
: V, Stevens Point, 93, 924
Windham v. Rhame, 373
V. Coats, 680
WindmuUer v. Pope, 636d, 636i, 734
Wineberg v. DuBois, 123
Winfrey v. St. Louis Trans. Co., 1347
Wing V. Chapman, 766
V. Milliken, 504, 934
V. Seske, 109
Wingate v. Mechanics' Bank, 819.
V. Smith, 505
Wingoy. Inman Mills, 363
Winkfieid, The, 76
Winklemans v. Des Moines N. W. Ry,;
1165
Winkler v. Racine Wagon & C. Co.,
666, -667
V. Roeder, 233
l-ABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
307d
Winkler v. St. Louis, I. M. & S. Ry.,
1342, 1353
Winn V. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1355
V. Peckham, 372, 385
V. Southgate, 673/
Winne v. Illinois C. R. R., 862
V. Kelley, 189, 646b, 991
Winnepiseogee P. Co. v. Eaton, 959,
975, 982
Winningham v. Philbrick, 1330
Winnisimmet Co. v. Grueby, 1295
Winnt t». International & G. N. R. R.,
576, 1262
Winona v. Minnesota Ry. C. Co., 346
Winona & St. P. R. R. v. Denman, 1148
V. Waldron, 1229, 1148, 1167
Winona Technical Institute v. Stolte,
1359
Winship v. Clendenning, 685o
V. Pitts, 950
Winside State Bank v. Lound, 1299
Winslow V. Ancrum, 678
V. Hathaway, 316
V. Lane, 193
V. McCall, 968
V. Newlan, 777
V. People, 311d
V. Stokes, 84
Winslow Bros. Co. v. Du-Puy, 752
Winslow, E. & M. Co. v. Hoffman, 159,
183
Winstead v. Hicks, 684o
!). Hulme, 233, 234, 359
Winston C. M. Co. v. Wells-Whitehead
T. Co., 194, 619
Winter v. Montgomery, 1154a
V. Peterson, 373
V. Simonton, 554
V. Trimmer, 678, 679, 946
Winterbottom v. Derby,
V. Wright, 32, 105
Wintermute v. Cooke, 257, 736
V. Redington, 1220
Winters v. Cowen, 234, 359
V. McGhee, 75
Winthrop v. Carleton, 304
Wintz V. Morrison, 125, 679
Wire V. Foster, 107c, 734, 753
Wirsing v. Smith, 386
Wirth V. Calhoun, 667
Wisconsin M. & F. I. Co. Bank v.
Durner, 685j
Wisdom V. Newberry, 991
Wise V. Metcalfe, 999A
V. Wabash R. R., 219
Wisecarver v. Chicago, R. I. & P. Ry.,
852
V. Wisecarver, 685fc
Wiswall V. Brinson, 810
V. M'Gown, 3
Witcher v. Jones, 448d, 1305
Witham v. Cohen, 170
Witheral v. Muskegon Booming Co.,
942
Witherbee v. Meyer, 189
Witherby v. Mann, 797, 798
Witherow v. Briggs, 331
Withers v. Buckley, 1101
V. Edwards, 607
V. Greene, 1039, 1060
Witherspoon v. Cross, 682
V. Duncan, 416
V. McCalla, 966
Witherow v. Commonwealth, 692
Withy V. Mumford, 956
Witkop & Holmes Co. v. Great A. & P.
T. Co., 371
Witkowski v. Hill, 78
Witliff V. Spreen, 516c
Witson V. The Mayor, 1108
Witt V. Latimer, 172
Witte V. Clarke, 305
Wittenberg v. MoUyneaux, 180, 312,
636?
Wittich V. O'Neal, 236, 237, 685m
Wittkowski v. Harris, 339o
Witty V. Hightower, 956
V. Springfield Traction Co., 1363
Witwer v. Cedar Rapids, 1112o
Woeckner v. Erie E. M. Co., 486c
Woert V. Jenkins, 351, 364, 373o
Woerz V. Schumacher, 304
Wofford V. Ashcraft, 973
V. Wyly, 345
Wohlenberg v. Melchert, 1363
Wolcott V. Eagle Ins. Co., 713
V. Mount, 170, 191, 768
V. Townsend, 909a
Woldert v. Arledge, 753
Woldert Grocery Co. v. Wilkinson, 636d
3080
[References
Wolf V. D. M. & F. D. Ry., 416, 419
V. Express Co., 119
V. Frank, 4806
V. National M. & F. I. Co., 712
V. St. Louis Independent Water
Co., 225
V. Studebaker, 208, 608, 624, 989
V. Trinkle, 47, 50, 484
V. Weiner, 999c
V. Western U. T. Co., 876
V. Wolf, 86(?
Wolf Creek Diamond Coal Co. v.
Schultz, 416
Wolfe V. Door, 550
V. Howard Ins. Co., 722
V. Howes, 655c, 672
V. Johnson, 1254
V. Lacy, 317, 344
V. Parham, 635
V. Sharp, 308
V. Weir, 169a
Wolff V. Cohen, 386, 489
V. Georgia S. &. F. R. R., 1137
V. Hyass, 9906
V. Matthews, 302o
V. Schaefer, 681o, 692c
V. Smith, 44Sd
Wolff Shirt Co. v. Frankenthal, 182
Wolfley V. Rising, 531o
Wolfort V. Reilly, 310o
Wolfskehl V. Western U. T. Co., 878
WoUenslagle ». Runals, 1030
Wolters V. St. Louis, 1140
V. Schultz, 638o, 6386, 638c
Wolverton v. Commonwealth, 692
Womaek v. Coleman, 414
V. McQuarry, 999c
V. Western U. T. Co., 58 Tex. 176;
876
V. Western U. T. Co., 22 S. W. 417;
894d
Womble v. Hickson, 642
Wonsettler v. Lee, 6735
Wood V. American Nat. Bank, 363o
V. Auburn & Rochester Railroad,
1131
V. Barker, 49 Mich. 295; 664a
V. Barker, 37 Ala. 60; 683
V. Bibbins, 959, 981
V. Braynard, 538
TABLE OP CASES
are to sections]
Wood V. Brown, 688
V. Brush, 1031
V. Bullens, 270
V. Corl, 301
V. Fowler, 1050
V. Fulton, 685A
V. Hammond, 301c
V. Hickok, 310
V. Hudson, 1147
V. Joliet Gaslight Co., 645
V. Kelso, 700a
V. Kingston Coal Co., 959, 981
V. Leland, 1 Met. 387; 807
V. Leland, 1 Met. 388; 807
V. Lane, 42
V. Louisville & N. R. R., 1356
V. Lowden, 692d
V. Morewood, 501, 935
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R., 202
V. Pa. R. R., 117
V. Phoenix Ins. Co., 717
V. Philadelphia, W. & B. R. R.,
574a, 578
V. Schettler, 612
V. Sharpless, 999A
V. Smith, 298, 310
V. Snider, 431
V. State, 685e
V. Stourbridge Ry., 1093
V. Wade, 792
V. Watertown, 171
V. Watson, 700
V. West Boston, etc., Bridges, 1154c
V. Western U. T. Co., 894
V. Wood, 1 Met. 512; 762
V. Wood, 83 N. Y. 575; 916
V. Young, 1343
Wood et al. v. Robins, 292, 303
Woodard Iron Co. v. Curl, 486c
Woodberry v. Warner, 665
Woodborne v. Scarborough, 565
Woodbum v. Cogdal, 317, 538, 689
Woodbury v. District, 334
V. Jones, 607a
V. Turner D. & W. M. Co., 417
Wooden v. Davis, 226c
Wooden Ware Co. v. U. S., 573, 504
Woodfield V. Colzey, 308a
Woodfolk V. Nashville & C. R. R., 1148
V. Kelley, 426
TABLE OF CASES
3081
[References
Woodger v. Great Western Ry., 856
Woodham v. Gelston, 317, 563
Woodhouse v. Powles, 358, 443
WoodhuU V. Rosenthal, 908
v. Wagner, 275
Woodin V. Wentworth, 189
Woodland v. Union Pac. R. R., 318
Woodland Cemetery Co. v. Ellison, 3406
Woodman v. Freeman, 1256a
Woodruff V. Bacon, 341
V. Brown, 921
V. Buace, 973
V. Cook, 1268
V. Gamer, 910
V. Hill, 695
V. Hough, 657
V. Richardson, 1326
V. Webb, 325
Woods V. Anderson, 451
V. Banks, 69
V. Com., 692
V. Cramer, 765
V. Devin, 873
V. Finnell, 468
V. Klein, 531o, 533
V. McCaU, 53
V. Nichols, 497^
V. Pope, 999A
V. Vamum, 107c, 109
Woodside v. Globe M. I. Co., 713
Woodson V. Scott, 1328
Woodstock Bank v. Downer, 803
Woodstock, H. & S. M. Co. v. Charles-
ton L. & W. Co., 95, 123, 1149
Woodstock Iron Works v. Kline, 574a
V. Stockdale, 132, 927
Woodward v. Bellamy, 641
V. Boscabel, 1216
V. Donnell, 171a
V. Fuller, 657
V. George N. Pierce Co., 226^
V. Illinois C. R. R. 317, 844
V. Jones, 991
V. Miller, 765
V. Powers, 763
V. Ragland, 378, 380a
V. Suydam, 822
V. Thacher, 762, 777
V. Woodward, 324a
Woodward Iron Co. v. Sheehan, 1355
are to sections]
Wood worth v. Curtis, 734
V. Hascall, 259
V. McLean, 618
V. Northwestern M. L. I. Co., 688a
V. Woodburn, 762
Woody V. Bennett, 762
Woolcott V. Gray, 556
Wooldridge v. Witkins, 922
Woolenslagle v. Runals, 43Qd, 777
Wooley V. Carter, 53
V. Edson, 55, 76, 593a
Woolf V. Schaefer, 646o
Woolheather v. Risley, 1251
WooUey v. Van Volkenburgh, 700, 701
Woolman v. Wirtsbaugh, 777, 1027
Woolner v. Spalding, 531, 682
Woolsey v. Bailey, 750
V. Crawford, 700
V. New York El. R. R., 1203, 1207
Wooster v. Kisch, 416
V. Simonson, 1222
V. Taylor, 1241
Wooten V. Read, 659
Worcester v. Mfg. Co., 1163
Worden v. Canadian P. Ry., 844
V. Davis, 463
Wordin v. Bemis, 857
Work V. Bennett, 514, 1069
V. Glaskins, 341
Workman v. Great N. Ry., 64, 942
World's Columbian Exposition Co. v.
Pasteur-Chamberland Filter Co., 618
Worley v. Hineman, 979, 982
Wormer v. Biggs, 945
Worrall t. Munn, 38 N. Y. 137; 307,
919, 1021o
V. Munn, 53 N. Y. 185; 1021a
Worrell v. Hurtig, 416
V. Kinnear Mfg. Co., 617, 636a
V. McClinaghan, 419
Worsham v. Gainesville, etc., R. R.,
1143
V. Lancaster, 12866
V. Vignal, 317, 324o
Worster v. Canal Bridge Co., 1326
Worth V. Edmonds, 2266
Worthem v. Wihnot, 734, 738, 745
Worthington v. Campbell, 1012a
;;. Gwin, 607
V. Hiss, 909a
3082 TABLE
[References
Worthington v. Oak & H. P. I. Co., 667
V. Warrington, 1002
V. Young, 916, 917
Worthington, Tlie, v. Davis, 587
Worthy v. Jones, 277, 756
V. Patterson, 762
Woxland v. Northwestern C. M. Co.,
1367
Wragg V. Mead, 976, 980a
Wray v. Knoxville L. F. & J. R. R.,
11656
V. Railroad, 1148
Wren v. Winter, 85a
Wrenn v. Morgan, 762
Wright V. Baldwin, 837
V. Bank of Metropolis, 228/, 511,
512a, 521, 523, 815
V. Beardsley, 45
V. Broome, 671
». Chandler, 929
V. Chapin, 795
V. Compton, 47, 1270
V. Computing Scale Co., 164a
V. Cumpsty, 650
V. Crawfordsville, 580a
V. Davenport, 762
V. Dobie, 406
V. Donnell, 362
V. Eaves, 345
V. E, E. BoUes Woodenware Co.,
934a
V. Glen Falls, S. H. & F. E. S.
R. R., 380
V. Gray, 121a
V. Falkner, 667
V. Hagerman, 1337
V. Harris, 692j
V. Haskell, 651
V. Hollywood Cemetery Corp., 359,
373
II. Jacobs, 270
V. Jones, 383a
V. Keith, 2266
V. Lang, 692y
V. Lattin, 9996
V. Macdonnell, 998
V. Mulvaney, 182o, 195, 200, 435a
V. New York, etc., El. R. R.,
11986
V. Nipple, 975, 976
OF CASES
are to sections]
Wright V. Pemigewasset Power Co.,
1149, 1166d
V. Quirk, 1041
V. Roach, 1027
V. Sanderson, 618, 644
V. Schroeder, 451
V. Skinner, 502
V. Smith, 1257
V. Spencer, 61
V. Stowe, 940
V. Vaughan, 734
V. Wright, 1 Litt. 179; 655
V. Wright, 49 Mich. 624; 90
V. Young, 1021
Wright and Pole, Matter of, 724
Wrightup V. Chamberlain, 773
Wrynn v. Downey, 639
Wuensch v. Morning Journal Associa-
tion, 451
Wunderlich v. Mayor of New York,
1326
V. Pennsylvania R. R., 1120
Wunsch V. Northern Pac. R. R., 873
V. Weber, 1309
Wustland v. Potterfield, 76
Wyandotte & C. Sts., 217
Wyandotte & C. Streets, In re, 1140
Wyandotte & K. C. G. Co. v. SchUefer,
308
Wyandotte, K. C. & N. Ry. v. Waldo,
1140
Wyamt v. Crouse, 121d, 929
Wyatt V. Harrison, 93a
V. Herring, 109
Wyche v. Myrick, 692
Wyckoff V. Bodine, 1042
V. Horan, 764
V. Wyckoff, 324a
Wyeman v. Deady, 378
Wyeth V. Morris, 777
Wykoff V. Wykoff, 917
Wyler v. LouisviUe & N. R. R., 854
WyUe V. Birch, 547
V. Ohio R. & C. R. R., 81
V. Smitherman, 8 Ired. 236; 428
V. Smitherman, 30 N. C. 236; 364,
366
Wyllie V. Wilkes, 675c
Wyman v. American Powder Co., 519
V, Ballard, 967, 973
TABLE OF CASES
[References are to sections]
3083
Wyman v. Brigden, 979
V. Hubbard, 3116
V. Leavitt, 43/, 44
V. Pike, 1360
V. Kobinson, 678
Wynn v. Broolce, 804
Wynne v. Atlantic Ave. R. R., 1350,
1363
V. Mason, 685Z
V. Parsons, 234, 359
Wynning v. Detroit L. & N. R. R., 5715
Wyoming Nat. Bank v. Brown, 324a,
334
Wysocki v. Wisconsin Lakes I. & C.
Co., 1359
X
Xavier v. Oliver, 449
Yakima County v. Tullar, 1154a
Yale V. Saunders, 55, 494a
Yale Lock Mfg. Co. v. Sargent, 1240
Yandle v. Kingsbury, 537, 538
Yankee, The, v. Gallagher, 599b
Yarborough v. Nettles, 432a, 933
». Weaver, 565, 565a
Yater w. Mullen, 493
Yates V. Burch, 688
V. Dunster, 999A
V. James, lOll, 1017
w.' Joyce, 29, 73, 5656
V. New York C. & H. R. R. R.,
383a, 865
V. South Kirby, etc.. Collieries, 436
V. Whyte, 67a, 590, 591
Yatsuyagi v. Shimamura, 416
Yaws V. Jones, 3016
Yazoo & M. V. R. R. v. Aden, 226^
. V. Baldwin, 630
V. Beattie, 1362
V. Cobb, 1347
V. Christmas, 363
V. Davis, 1108, 1110
V. Fitzgerald; 365
V. Grant, 1349
V. Hardie, 363
V. KeUy, 1347
Yazoo & M. V. R. R. v. Millsaps, 119
V. Mitchell, 363a, 366
V. Sanders, 373
V. Scott, 1355
V. Wallace, 1356
V. White, 364, 366
Yazzo-Mississippi D. L. Commission-
ers w. Harkleroads, 1154
V. Hendricks, 1149
Yea V. Lethbridge, 555
Yeager v. Berry, 1215
V. Fairmont, 72
V. Weaver, 984a, 1330
Yeager, The, 67a
Yeates v. Reed, 448
Yeatman v. Corder, 834
Yeaton v. Bemey, 340c
Yeats V. Ballentine, 656, 657
Yeazel v. Alexander, 1279
Yelland's Case, 666, 667
Yellow Pine L. Co. v. Carroll, 301
Yellow Poplar Lumber Co. v. Chap-
man, 739, 753
Yellow T. L. Co. v. Ford, 1355
Yellowly v. Ktt County, 337
Yellowstone Park R. R. v. Bridger Coal
Co., 1265
Yelton V. Hawkins, 964 '
V. Slinkard, 317, 533, 536
Yenner ». Hammond,' 408, 417
Yeomans ». Bell, 777
Yerian v. Linkletter, 368
Yerkes v. Northern Pac. Ry., 1356
Yetter v. Hudson, 411
Yoakum v. Dunn, 856
Yoder v. Allen, 746
V. Strong, 414
Yokom V. McBride, 1010
Yokum V. Thomas, 239, 982, 983
Yonge V. Pacific M. S. S. Co., 863
Yoos V. Rochester, 71
York w. Allen, 973 ,
V. Cedar Rapids, 1112a
V. Everton, 181
V. Farmers' Bank, 302a
t). Pacific & I. N. Ry., 1367
V. Wistar, 310
V. York Rys., 416a
York D. M. Co. v. Lusk, 45 Kan. 182;
734, 741
3084 TABLE
[References
York D. M. Co. v. Lusk, 6 Kan. App.
629; 636d, 734
Yorke v. VerPlank, 734
Yorton V. Milwaukee, L. S. & W. Ry.,
222, 865, 868
Yost V. Conioy, 1295
V. Tracy, 464, 466, 1336
Youghiogheny & O. C. Co. v. Verstine,
Hibbard & Co., 737
Youmans v. Heartt, 305
Young V. Bennett, 451
V. Berman, 991
V. Borzone, 1032
V. Butler, 973
V. Carney, 692i
y. Chandler, 1284
V. Courtney, 229
V. Cureton, 197, 734, 742o
V. Dalton, 6226, 756
V. Dickey, 308o, 310
V. Englehard, 1330
u. Extension Ditch Co., 942
V. Filley, 762, 777
V. Fluke, 325, 331
V. Fox, 368, 377, 1335
V. Gentis, 937
V. Godbe, 311
V. Gormley, 119 la. 546; 363a
V. Gormley, 120 la. 372; 462, 465
V. Hare, 681o
V. Harrison, 1137
V. Hill, 344, 345
V. Hosmer, 554
V. McClung, 977
V. Mahoning County, 917
V. Mantz, 999A
V. Mertens, 373a
V. O'Brien, 1364
V. Polack, 304
V. Reynolds, 676
v. Siemens, 450
V. Spencer, 74, 100
V. State, 338
V. Stevenson, 265
V. Stone, 972
V. Thrasher, 921, 922
0. Thompson, 330
V. Tustin, 233
1). Union Ins. Co., 711
V. West, 191
OF CASES
are to sections]
Young V. Western U. T. Co., 45a, 46,
894
V. White, 419
V. Willet, 536
Youngblood v. South Carolina & G. R.
R., 490
Youngquist v. Minneapolis St. Ry.,
1367
Youngs V. McDonald, 685A;
Youngstown v. Moore, 1112
Yount V. Strickland, 1355
Yundt V. Hartrunft, 478
Zabinsko v. Bedford Garage, 1334
Zabriskie v. Smith, 83
Zabron v. Cunard S. S. Co., 45o
Zachary v. Swanger, 624
Zagelmeyer v. Cincinnati, S. & M. R. R.,
865
Zebley v. Storey, 457
Zehner v. Dale, 734
Zeibold v. Foster, 1152
Zeigler v. Metropolitan St. Ry., 1355
V. Powell, 234
V. Wells, 256
Zeliff t>. Jennings, 1263
Zell V. Dunaway, 484, 485, 490
Zender v. Seliger-Toothill Co., 666
Zenobia, The, 862
Zent V. Picken, 966
Zerfing v. Mourer, 476
Zibell V. Southern Pac. Co., 484, 485,
485a
Ziebarth v. Nye, 92, 924fl, 932
Ziegenheim :;. Baltimore Wholesale
Grocery Co., 171
Ziegler v. Gerlach, 755
V. Maner, 1070
V. Powell, 241, 386
Zimmer v. New York Cent. R. R.,
851
Zimmerman v. Bonzar, 1334
V. Druecker, 766
V. Eschbaoh, 911
V. Galbraith, 1024
V. Helser, 363a
V. Langles, 341
V. Shreeve, 72, 74
TABLE OP CASES
[References are to sections]
3086
Zimmerman v. Timmenuann, 73S
V. Zimmerman, Q73d
Zindorf v. Western American Co., 4926
Zink V. Langton, 336
Zinn t>. New Jersey S. B. Co., 608, 854
o. Rice, 467
Zinsmeister & Bro. v. Rock Island
Canning Co., 755
Zion V. Southern Pac. Co., 865
Zipperlein v. Pittsburg, C. & St. L. Ry.,
319
Zippert V. Acme A. E. & P. Co., 156
Zitske 0. Goldberg, 536, 637, 540
Zottman v. San Francisco, 656
Zouch V. Chesapeake & O. R. R., 851
Zuller V. Rogers, 765
INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ABANDONED cutting, appropriation of, 1150.
ABANDONMENT for constructive total loss, 709, 711.
not allowed in fire insurance, 720.
of contract, rescission involves, 655o.
recovery after, 658 et seq.
of lease by tenant, 999/.
of premises, mesne profits not recoverable after, 913.
of property taken, effect of, on claim for compensation, 1160.
ABATEMENT of nuisance, action for, 91, 924, 946, 1151.
recovery for expense of, 948.
of purchase price of land on partial failure of title, 1021.
damages upon plea in, 1273.
ABDUCTION of child, d. for, 449, 469.
ABILITY to earn, may be shown in action for death, 580o.
compensation for loss of, by injury to passenger, 860.
to labor, of deceased, in actions for death, 574a.
ABNEGATED OPTION, 281, 424a.
ABORTION, d. for seduction, whether aggravated by, 475.
ABSTRACT OF TITLE, value of, 261.
ABUSE OP PROCESS, 564.
ABUTMENT FOR BRIDGE, value of land as, 1171e.
ABUTTER, whether liable for interest on street assessment, 332.
damages to, 1120.
not owning fee of street, what is new burden on, 1152a.
ABUTTING STREET, elevated railway on, 1117.
damages for cutting down, 1123.
ACCEPT, failure to. See Non- Acceptance.
d. for failure to, 700, 706, 707.
ACCEPTANCE of street, 1112a, n.
of goods from carrier, reduction of d. by, 848.
not waiver of d. for delay in delivery, 743.
during transportation, 841.
of converted property, 494.
of partial performance of contract, d. on, 636.
of work not according to contract, 656, 659.
ACCEPTOR, UabiUty of, to drawer or indorser, 700.
to costs, 705.
recovery of costs by, 705.
ACCESS, cutting off, 1116 n., 1120, 1123 n.
damage to, 1095, 1149 n., 1165o, n.
destruction of, 1115.
3087
3088 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ACCESS— Continued.
difficulties of, 1163, 1164.
impairment of, 1117, 1164, 1165a, 11656.
by excavations in street, 1123.
by elevation of roadway, 1123.
by viaduct, 1121.
interruption of, 1123, 1160a.
interruption of easement of, 217, 1116, 1165a.
obstruction of, 1095, 1122.
temporary interference with, 1117 n.
from highway to land, 35 n.
to ferry, 1096.
to harbor, 1093.
to public house, 1092.
to public road, 1095.
to pubhc thoroughfares, 1093, 1095.
to road on plan, 1096.
to river, 182, 1093.
to sewer, 1093.
of light and air, obstructing of, 1092.
ACCESSION, effect of, in action of replevin, 534.
in action of trover, 499-504.
in action for trespass to real estate, 934.
ACCIDENT, no exemplary d. for, 363.
collision by inevitable, 587.
division of loss in case of inevitable, 587.
no recovery for increased liability to, where railroad crossing is laid out
over railroad, 1152a.
ACCIDENT INSURANCE, 731. See Insubance.
ACCIDENTAL FIRES, danger from, 1163.
ACCIDENTAL INJURY gives no grovmd for exemplary d., 363.
ACCOMMODATION PAPER, recovery on, 702.
recovery of litigation expenses by maker of, 803.
ACCOMMODATION PARTY, liability of, 704.
recovery of costs by, 705, 803.
ACCOMMODATIONS, d. for failure of carrier to furnish, 865a.
ACCORD AND SATISFACTION, acceptance of money may be, 650.
ACCOUNT, object of action of, 4.
value of, 258, 261.
wrongful attachment of books of, 565.
receipted, value of, 261.
running, recovery on, 85, 85a.
taking by equity of, 1256?.
of profits of infringement, 1242.
interest on, simple, 310.
on balance of mutual, 311.
on partnership, 310a.
on stated, 310, 311.
on mutual, 311.
of stock brokers, interest on by custom, 311.
INDEX 3089
[References are to seetions, d. me^ns damage; n. mews Rote.]
ACCOUNT— Continued.
between mortgagor and mortgagee, interest on, 344.
compound interest on, by custom, 344.
of officer, recovery on bond for failure to render, 693/.
whether approval of releases sureties, 692/.
effect of rendering, on recovery on bpQd, 692e.
of guardian, no responsibiUty on bpnd until ordered tp fender, 692k.
d. oa bond tar failure to render, 692b.
of executor or admimstrator,_d. for failure to settlei IQlB,
recovery on bopd for failiure to render, &92j.
ACCOUNTS, distinct, 85a.
ACCRETION, rules of recovery for, 499, 504.
ACCRUAL, of damages, by actual grading, 1151 » -36.
ACCUMULATIONS, expected to be made by deceased, 574
ACKNOWLEDGMENT, Uabihty of notary pubU? for taMpg W fcffged deed,
692ff.
ACQUIESCENCE, a bar under civil d. statutes, 1252.
consent by, 1177.
ACQUISITION of easement, 1116, 1149.
of property held by water company, H7ld-
of use of track, 1150.
ACT, continuing, 88.
d. from, made lawful by statute, 1089.
outside charter powers, 1110.
physical, court may require pejrformance of, 1309.
taking farm under flovage, 11716.
unauthorized, IIU).
wrongful, outside statute of eminent domain, 1100.
not actionable at common law, liafejlity for Jinder stftute? of eminent
domain, 1121.
civil damage. See Civil I}a>ia(3£ Act.
ACT OF GOD, performance erf contract prevented by, 655c.
rescission of contract because of, 65Se.
recovery on injunction bond for logs caused by, 6856.
destruction of property by, during replevin proceedings, 691.
ACTION, amicable, no vindictive d. in, 383,
barred by recoupment, 1073.
not by failure to recoup, 1073.
bringing of, constitutes demand for payment, 302a.
cause of cannot be split, 836.
contract of indemnity agaiast, 795.
d. for neglect to defend, 831.
d. in original, how far recoverable on iniupctio4 bond, 685.
d. not contrflllpd by form of, 810.
doctrine of recoupment founded on ^.voidanee of circuity of, 1040.
form of, does not affect d., 30, 810.
whether important in recovery of d. iqr mental suffering, 894a.
for conversion, 492.
for injury to passenger, 859.
by sender of telegram, 877.
194
3090 INDEX
[References are to Bectious, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ACTION— Continued.
by receiver of telegram, 878.
immaterial in case of recoupment, 1044.
loss after bringing of, 86a.
measure of d. independent of form of, 429.
new, for renewed injury, 88.
only one for one injury, 84.
not so clearly indivisible as not to be split by agreement, 856, n.
possessory, 691a.
recoupment confined to subject matter of, 1042.
possibility of d., whether authorizing, 100.
right of is personal, 1095.
for trespass to lands, 931.
single, joinder of similar causes in, 84o.
subsequent, 1149 n.
unauthorized, 839.
vexatious, 232.
against carriers, 840.
between principal and agent, 810.
by subsequent purchaser, 1175.
for conversion, 492.
for breach of promise of marriage resembles that for tort, 637.
for negUgence, 1166.
for trespass to lands, 923, 931.
for use and occupation of land, 9996.
on injunction bond, by whom brought, 685.
conversion of, into condemnation proceedings in Minnesota, 1151.
ACTIONS, successive, 88.
on covenant against incumbrances, 968.
ACTOR, injury to, 180, 180 n.
notice to carrier that one has engagement as, 161.
liquidated d. to secure performance of contract by, 398, 399.
ACTUAL DAMAGE need not be alleged or proved, 426.
ACTUAL INJURY, relief for at common law, 96a.
ACTUAL LOSS must be sustained to create a claim for d., 32.
not necessary for nominal d., 98.
recoverable under penalty of bond, 675d.
in action on statutory bond, 680.
on fire policy, 720.
on contract of indenmity, 794.
d. limited to, on contract of indemnity, 801.
against agent, 813.
for carriers' delay, 854.
in ejectment, when title expires pending action, 901.
for trespass to lands, 923.
for breach of real covenants, 953.
on covenant of warranty, 956.
ACTUAL VALUE includes potential, 1085.
for residential purposes, 1171e.
ADAPTABILITY of land for railroad terminal, 11716.
INDEX 3091
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ADAPTABILITY— Contmued.
for residence purposes, 11716.
for truck gardening, 11716.
ADAPTING property to changed conditions, recovery of cost of, 1164.
AD DAMNUM, when damages may be recovered beyond, 1258.
ADDITIONAL bond, liability on, 692c.
burden, 1109, 1123, 1152o.
fencing, 1167.
servitude on highway, 1120.
of telephone Une, 11496.
value due to connections, 1173.
ADDITIONS to work called for by contract, compensation for, 655.
to construction, necessary, 1152.
ADJACENT LAND, benefits from, 1162.
damage to, 1112a, n.
injuries to, 1115.
throwing stones on, 1111.
unreasonable use of, 1149a.
ADJOINING LAND, benefit from improvement on, 1162.
ADJUSTMENT OF LOSS by experts in case of concurrent insurance, 725.
ADMINISTRATOR, gets action for injury to land before death of testator, 836.
whether chargeable with interest, 3116.
not hable in exemplary d., 362.
d. on bond of, 692j.
for failure to file inventory, 692j.
resale by, 755.
omission of, to settle accounts, 1106.
ADMIRALTY, nominal d. in, 108 n., 599a.
expenses of litigation in, 235.
interest in, 324, 597o.
award of damages in, bears interest, 334.
exemplary d. in, 352, 5996.
rules of d. adopted in, 686.
measure of d. for torts in, 586 et seq.
measure of d. for collision in, 587-598.
apportionment of loss in, 587, 599.
consequential d. in, 589.
uncertain loss in, 589.
limitation of liability in, 590.
reduction of damages in, 591.
partial loss in, 592.
earnings of the vessel, 593.
total loss in, 594.
value of the vessel, 595.
damage to cargo in, 596.
negligent injury to cargo, 696o.
the Barter Act, how affecting d. in, 596a.
costs in, 597.
stipulations in, 598.
d. for personal injury in, 599.
3092 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ADMIRALTY— Continued.
contributory negligence in, 599.
salvage in, 599c.
rule in, as to value of e»rgo, 845 n.
d. in, for delay in transportation of goods, 855.
d. in, for failure to furnish accommodations, SGSa.
ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE, 11656, 1179. See Evidence.
ADOPTION or acceptance of street, 1112a, n.
ADULT, son or daughter, d, for death of, 576.
recovery by, for death of parent, 577.
ADVANCE, payment in, for chattels, 507, 608, 514, 744, 746, 749.
for land, 1014.
ADVANCEMENT, whether interest on, 301c, 304.
ADVANCES, interest on, 304.
by agent, 311e.
by executor, 3115.
by guardian, Slid.
recoupment of amount of, 1069.
ADVANTAGE, from continuance of life of child, must be reasonably proved, 576.
from cofttinuance of life to next of kin, must be shown, 579.
of marriage, compensation for, 638.
ADVERSE claim, reduction of d. by, 1030.
ADVERTISE; contract to provide space to, 618 n.
contract right to, in theatre, 1097.
ADVERTISEMENT, contract to supply, 608.
failure to insert, 183, 618 n.
ADVERTISING, recovery of expense of, 167.
contract price for, payable ojj breach of contract, 612.
d. for failure to take or furnish, 633/.
auctioneer entitled to reimbursement for, 834.
enjoined sale, recovery of money paid for, &85h.
ADVERTISING PRIVILEGE, sale of, 633/.
ADVICE, of minor, recovery for loss of, in action for death, 576.
of adult son, recovery for loss of, 576.
of parent, recovery by child of loss of, through death, 577.
ADVICE OF COUNSEL, mitigates exemplary d., 3836.
mitigates d. for malicious prosecution, 460.
ADVOWSON, 899, 900.
MTHELBERTI LEGES, 9.
AFFECTED INJURIOUSLY, meaning of, 1118.
AFFECTING access, 11656.
injuriously other lands, 1102.
land not taken, 1113.
leasehold interest, 1172.
value by previous entry, 1174.
AFFECTION, of deceased shown in action for death, 580a,
of wife, recovery for lass of, in action for criminiEil conversatioa, 478.
AFFECTIONS, injury to, a ground for d., 47.
d. for alienation of, 48, 480a, 4806.
d. for wounded, in action for seduction, 473.
INDEX 3093
[References axe to sections, d. means dataage; n, means note.]
AFFECTIONS— ConJinued.
no recovery for wounded, ia aetion for death, 673(J.
compensation for injury to, on breach of promise of marriiige, 638a.
excessive damages for alienation of, 1338.
AFTER-ACQUIRED TITLE, efturifig to benefit of grafltee, 977.
d. on real covenants reduced because of, 978.
AGE of deceased to be considered in assessing damages for de&th, 6740.
of plaintiff considered in actions for death> 574a.
of vessel, d. for false representations as tO, 441.
AGENCY, contract for exclusive, 633.
commission contracts, 193a.
d. in actions involving, oh. xxxvii.
I. — PkINCIPAL AGAINSt AqENT
general principles, 809.
damages not controlled by form of action, 810.
the la* flxe& the measure, 811.
nominal damaggs, 812.
actual loss the Criterion, 813.
burden of proof, 814.
avoidable consequences, 815.
proximate cause, 816.
agents to insure, 817.
liable only if insurer wcfUld have been, 818.
agents of insurer, 818o.
agents to obtain security, 8186.
agents to deal with obligations, 819.
agent makes the debt his own, 820.
agefits to sell goods, unauthorised sale, 821.
sale below price fixed by principal, 822.
sale on wrong terms, 823.
neglect to sell, 824.
sale at a greater price than that fixed, 824a.
agents to purchase, neglect to purchsise, 835.
piu-chase of wrong goods, 826.
purchase at excessive price, 827.
agents to deal in stocks, 828.
real estate agents, 829.
negligence of directors of a corporation, 830.
attorneys, 831.
title companies, 831a.
auctioneers, 832.
customhouse brokers, 832a.
UabiUty of sub-agents to agents, 833.
II. — Agent against PRiNCiPAii
indemnity for loss or expense, 834.
compensation for services, 834o.
damages for failure to employ, 834&.
damages for wrongful discharge, compensation by a commission, 834c.
compensation by percentage of an amount that can be fixed, 834d.
commissions on insurance renewals, 834e.
3094 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
AGENCY— Continued.
commission from both parties, 834/.
discharge of an attorney, 834g'.
III. — Third Party against Pretended Agent
hability for acting without authority, 835.
loss of bargain, 836.
expense of litigation, 837.
incidental expenses, 838.
unauthorized suits, 839.
AGENT, notice to, 157.
action against one professing to be, 143 n.
district, 208 n.
breach of contract to make plaintiff sole, 222.
recovery of expense of litigation upon misrepresentation of authority,
236, 238.
recovery by, of expenses of Utigation from principal, 238.
misrepresenting authority, liable for expenses of litigation, 238, 835, 837.
liability to principal for expenses of litigation, 238.
implied warranty of authority by, 239.
recovery against, of expense of suit to which principal has been sub-
jected, 240.
recovery by, of interest on advances, 304.
where chargeable with interest, 305, 311a.
on money received, 311e.
on d. caused by tort, 316.
liability of principal in exemplary damages for act of, 378.
recovery of commission paid to, in admiralty, 589.
breach of contract to give exclusive territory for sale to, 607.
d. for breach of contract to employ, 607 n.
recovery by, on policy of insurance, 725.
principal liable for negligence of, 810.
gratuitous, 812.
makes debt his own, 820.
liability of sub-agent, 833.
actions against, 809.
d. not controlled by form of action, 810.
law fixes measure of d. in actions against, 811.
actual loss the criterion, 813.
nominal d. against, 812, 813, 822. ^
burden of proof in, 814.
avoidable consequences, 815.
proximate cause, 816.
d. against a matter of law, 817.
action against, by third parties, 835-839.
imauthorized, d. against, 835.
for loss of bargain, 836.
for incidental expenses, 838.
for unauthorized suits, 839.
recoupment by, 1041, 1066.
to care for real estate, 829.
INDEX 3095
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
AG'ENT— Continued.
to collect mercantile instruments, 813, 819.
to deal in stocks, 828.
to defend suit, 831.
to insure, 817.
liable only if insurer would have been, 818.
to invest money in mortgage, 830.
to keep road in repair, 829.
to prosecute claim, 814, 831.
to purchase, 825-827.
neglect to purchase, 825.
purchase of wrong goods by, 826.
purchase by, at excessive price, 827.
to sell, 821 et seq.
unauthorized sale by, 821.
pledge by, 821.
premature sale by, 821.
sale below price fixed, 822.
sale on wrong terms, 823.
neglect to sell, 824.
who is, attorney, 814, 831.
auctioneer, 832.
banker, 819.
broker, 834.
factor, 814, 833, 834.
insurance broker, 834.
recovery by, of compensation measured by commission, 834c.
by percentage, 8d4d.
payable on contingency, 670.
by conmiission on insurance renewals, 834e.
for loss of commissions on renewals, 834e.
right of, to commission from both parties, 834/.
AGGRAVATION, matters in, 51, 52.
of non-pecuniary d., 51.
of d. for entry on land, 86o.
of prior injury, 1216.
exemplary d. for circumstances of, 363, 363a.
of exemplary d., 384a.
by wealth of defendant, 385.
of d. for tort, 430.
not allowed where d. measured by value of property, 430.
of d. for libel or slander, 445-447.
by position or wealth of parties, 445.
by repetition, 446.
by plea of justification, 447.
of damages for false imprisonment, 465.
of d. for seduction, 475.
because of abortion, 475.
because of promise of marriage, 475.
by position or wealth of parties, 475.
3096 INDEX
{B^fcrfetiees are to sectidiis, d. means ddteag*; h. rnddfiS ftdtej
AGGRAVATION— Continued.
of d. in crinmial conveligatioh, 479.
of d. for personal injury, 489a.
poverty of plaintiff not matter of, in aotida frtf ))^:B&BiBl iSjury, 490,
490 n.
of d. not allowed ifl ictJons of cbiitl-actj 601.
of d. in action for breach of pi'siuise of EEiaM&^, 639.
by events after suit brought, 640.
by plea of justification, 640a.
of d. for failure to carry passenger, 862.
of d. for trespass to lands, 929.
question for jury, 1318.
how far controllable bjr ^oiiftj 1318.
AGREEMENT. See Contract.
liquidating damages. See LiQirafrATBB T3AiliA6M.
continuing, 87, 89.
to withdraw suit, 126c.
not to practice business, 182, 4G6; 40B) 418.
to enter into partnership, 193.
of tenant to make repairs, 210.
to furnish freight, 211.
to pay in specific articles, 279.
to pay compound interest, 343.
not to marry, 396.
to act on the stage, 398, 399.
recovery on unconscionable, 606c.
td loan iflOtiey, bfeafeh of, 622.
negative, 631a.
rescission of contract by, 655^.
for stipulated amouiit "Sf fcouiiSel f§6§, 698c.
to give bill or note id Jjayment fbl gdbd§, 756.
not to lease preittlSgs t& coWpemtf iSf I'e^efe, 999.
independent, no recoupment in ca6e of, 1042.
for exclusive territory, damages for bre£lG»h of, 1246a.
AIR, easement of, 1165o.
destruction of, 1115.
invasion of, 1116.
obstruction of, 1121.
pollution of, by smoke, 95.
ALABAMA, law of, as to higher intermediate value, 5iS.
rule ill fOr reCovely of &.-, for iftelital Suffering, 894d.
constitutional provisions in, for taJarig by eminent dolSiaiii, 1122.
as to benefits, 1133;
ALFRED, rates, in laws of, 11.
ALIENATION OF AFFECTIONS, special dttmdgfe in acliohs fe$r> 1271.
excessive damages for, 13^8.
of wife, 480a.
of husband, 4806.
recovery for loss of consortium, 48.
ALLEGATION of damages, form of, 1257.
INDEX 3097
( IReferences are to seetions, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ALLEY, closing of, 1149 n.
ALLOWANCE of d. for delay i& making conveyance, 1021o.
for division of patronage, 1150.
for farm crossingSi 1167.
of special benefits, 1170.
ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS, compenfeatioH for washing away, 1120.
ALTERATION in contradtj Cdmpensation for, 665.
in natural grade of Street, 1123 n.
ALTERNATIVE CONTRACT, 281, 421 et seq., 635, 723.
rule of least beneficial alternative, 421.
election in, 423.
to do something or pay money, 423.
sum to be paid must be reasonable, 424.
of insurance, 723.
AMERCIAMENT, 231.
AMERICAN LAW as to eminent domain, how different from English, 1106.
AMERICAN TABLES, admissible to prove duration of life, 1306.
AMICABLE SUIT, no exemplary d. in, 383.
AMOUNT of d. a question for the jury, 19.
of d. must be proved or only nominal can be allowed, lOf a.
reasonable not absolute certainty required in proof of, 170o.
of exemplary d. in discretion of jury; 388.
of d. stipulated by the parties, 389.
of goods ordered, d. against telegraph company for error in transmitting,
884.
of injury in eminent dcmialn, 1163.
ANCIENT LIGHTS, obstruction of, 1096.
damage to, 1103.
ANCILLARY ADMINISTRATOR, money received by, whether chargeable on
administrator's bond, 692^.
ANGLO-SAXON procedure, origin of, 1315.
ANGLO-SAXONS, their toeasure of d., 7-11.
ANIMALS, liability of owners for joint d. by, 360.
no d. for mental Btiffering from seeing injury done to, 43^.
d. for several killed at same time, 856.
d. for breach of warranty of, 125, 760, 761, 762, 765, 766, 769, 772.
injuries by, 125, 125o.
liability for contagious disease communicated byy 125j 769.
injuries by, when due to defect in fence, 125o.
avoidable consequences, 214.
damages enhajTced by atteHipt to cure, 226a.
expense of cure, 226d.
expense of keeping until recovery, 226(1.
expense of testing) 226d.
exemplary d. for killing, 373o, 377o, n.
injury to, by trespass on land, 435.
d. for killing, reduced by value of carcass, 435.
recovery for loss of use of, in action of replevin, 537.
recovery in replevin for natural increase of, 539.
dying in possession of receiptor, 567.
3098 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.] «
ANIMAIS— Continued.
effect of death of, on forthcoming bond, 684.
injury to, pending injunction, 685fe, n.
death of, during replevin proceedings, 691.
d. for selling diseased, 697.
d. for- delay in transportation of, 854.
compensation for shrinkage in weight of, 854.
compensation for loss of, by nuisance, 948.
evidence of value, 1296.
ANKLE, excessive damages for breaking, 1348.
ANNOYANCE, whether a subject for compensation, 42, 46o.
caused by delay, d. for, 42.
for being kept out at night, 42 n.
amounting to fright or terror, 43a.
caused by nuisance, d. for, 948.
caused by flooding cellar, 948.
caused by noise, 1164.
caused by smoke, 1164.
of keeping cattle out, 1164.
to business, 1165.
ANNUITY, interest on arrears of, 345.
hquidated d. for failure to pay, 416.
whether value of, is measure of d. for impairment of physical capacity,
485.
principal basis of recovery for death of child, 576.
tables as evidence of probable length of life, 636i.
ANSWER, whether matters in mitigation require, 1271o.
ANTICIPATE WRONG, plaintiff need not, 224, 865.
ANTICIPATORY BREACH of contract, 636d.
ANXIETY, when compensated, 47.
amounting to fright or terror, 43o.
for safety of others too remote for recovery, 44.
APPEAL, interest pending, 336.
d. on; not recoverable on attachment bond, 682.
from injunction, recovery of d., pending, 685.
counsel fees on, recoverable on appeal bond, 685j.
d. on, 1286a.
APPEAL BOND, 688.
recovery of d. caused by appeal on, 688a.
APPEARANCE of property as left by taking, 11656.
APPELLATE COURT, action of, on excessive d., 1332.
APPLES, d. for delay in delivery of, 164.
d. for breach of warranty of, 771.
error of telegraph company in transmitting price of, 885.
APPLIANCES, reconstructed, 1164.
safety, 1165.
character of, 1166.
APPLICATION, d. in case of refusal of, 59.
of payments on note, 6956.
of Thesiger's rule in eminent domain, 1121.
INDEX 3099
' [References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
APPLICATION— Con«m«ed.
of English rule of eminent domain in Pennsylvania criticised, 1122.
of land taken to other uses, 1152 n.
APPORTIONMENT, of damages, 36a.
of loss, no wrong-doer can make, 431.
not allowed between wrong-doers at common law, 586.
in admiralty, 586, 587, 599.
between insurance companies, 725.
on several policies, 726.
on bills of exchange, 1050 ra.
of rent, 999d.
APPRAISAL, contract to convey land on, 1020.
of lands, Minnesota statute on, 1112a, n.
as evidence of value, 1299.
APPRAISERS, breach of agreement for sale at price fixed by, 734.
date of filing award of, 1151.
APPREHENSION of future suffering, recovery for, in action for personal injury,
484.
APPRENTICE, d. for enticing, 91.
APPRENTICESHIP, liquidated d. for breach of agreement of, 404.
APPROACH to viaduct, d. for building of, across street, 1109 n.
APPROPRIATION of private property for public use, 1077.
of property, physical, 1115.
of abandoned cutting, 1150.
depriving owner of title, 1151 n.
of quarry land, 1166c.
of highway for railroad purposes, 1173.
APPROXIMATE CAUSE of loss by fire, 723a.
APPROXIMATE EVIDENCE, 1310.
APRIL FOOL, not always subject for action, 43^.
APTITUDE, of person injured may be shown, 485a.
ARBITRARY assessment of d. according to Roman law, 24.
modem civil law, 28.
valuation of d., inherent difficulties sought to be avoided by, 391.
rules as to marine insurance, 709, 715.
sum, fixed as damages, 1076.
ARBITRATION, contract to submit to, expenses of arbitration recoverable, 240,
607, 982.
unreasonable delay of, barring interest, 340.
penal sum treated as penalty, on bond to submit to, 410.
d. for breach of contract to submit to, 607, 607 n., 629.
agreement for, in policy of insurance, 722.
d. on covenant to submit value of improvements to, 997.
ARBITRATION BOND, 687.
ARBITRATOR, interest on award of, 335.
bond to abide award of, 687.
award of damages by, 1281.
cannot increase verdict, 1281.
ARCHITECT, injury to, 180, 180 n.
recovery of fee by, 612 n., 648.
3100 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ARCHITECT— Con^inwed.
d. against, for negligence, 648.
ARKANSAS, law of, as to higher intermediate value, S16.
constitutional provisions of, as to eminent doniain, 1123.
as to benefits, 1134.
ARM, excessive damages for breaking, 1349.
for crippling, 1355.
for loss of, 1357.
ARMY, enlisting in, for three years, 91.
ARREARS OF INTEREST, interest on, 345.
ARREST. See False Imprisonment.
for obtaining property by false pretences, 153a.
expenses of procuring release froin, 22M.
effect of liquidating damages on right of, 426.
d. against ofticer fof failure to, 547, 551.
d. for .escape from, 552.
on mesne process, tJ. fot escape from, 554a.
recovery on bond to secure, 686a.
by chief of police, recovery on bond for, 692a.
recovery on sheriff's bond for wrongful, 692t.
of judgment for error in awarding damages, 1277.
ASHES, injury by throwing on property, 1116.
damage by, 1121, 1165a.
ASSAULT, d. for mental suffering in actions of, 43.
d. for mental suffering caused by, 43i.
for wounded pride, 47.
nominal d. for, 101 n.
interest not allowed in actions of, 316.
exemplary d. in actions of, 350, 352, 372.
for wanton, 366.
mitigation of exemplary d. fof, 384.
by provocation, 384.
recovery for, in action for injvuy to lafld, 929.
no fecoupmeht in action fot, 1042.
verdict for, set aside as eitcessive, 1328 n.
excessive damages for, 1345.
inadequate dafliages for, 1370.
d. for. See Personal Injury.
ASSESSMENT for street improvements, interest on, 332.
of damages, original position of jiiry in, 349.
policy, recovery on, 732.
refusal of insurance company to levy, 732.
agreement Of lessee to pay, 789.
d. not foreseen at time of prior, 1082.
of benefits, for openmg of street, 1128.
of damage, taking possession of land without, 1151 n.
ASSESSMENT INSURANCE, 732.
ASSETS converted by executor or administrator, recovery on bond for,
ASSIGN, d. on covenant in lease not to, 999/c.
ASSIGNEE for creditors, interest payable by, 311a.
INDEX 3101
[References are to sections, d. means damage; ra. means ijotp.]
ASSIGNEE— Coreimued.
of insolvent estate, interest payable by, 311/.
recovery by, on contract of bankrupt, 628.
of note or claim, recovery by, 704.
of mortgage, recovery by on insurance policy, 725.
action by, on covenant of warranty, 961.
of lessor, apportionnjent of rent between several, 999d.
set-off ip action by, 1031.
ASSIGNMENT of part of claim inoperative, 836.
of goods, d. for fraudulent, 439A;.
in fraud of creditors, d. for, 439A:.
of insurance, breach of contract to give, 623.
of judgment, d. for breach of term of, 634.
of breaches in action on bond, 675c.
of non-negotiable note or claim, 704.
ASSIGNOR of note or claim, liability of, 704.
ASSISTANCE, writ of, d. against sheriff for failure to execute, 558.
ASSISTANT CASHIER, recovery on bond of, 694.
ASSUMPSIT, object of action of, to obtain money judgment, 4.
for proceeds of converted property, 492.
origin of action of, for recovery of debt, 636^.
indebitatus, 657.
action of, supersedes debt, 675a.
ATMOSPHERE, d. for pollution of, 93 n.
ATTACH, failure of public officer to, 550.
ATTACHED PROPERTY, d, against sheriff for failure to keep safely, 558.
ATTACHMENT, d. for mental suffering caused by, 44a.
d. for loss of credit from, remote, 127.
against tjiird party, d- for, 175.
expense of bond to dissolve wrongful, 22&d.
recovery of value qf time spent in securing dissolution of, 22Gi.
expense of discharging, 237.
valuation of stock of goods after illegal, 248a.
interest prevented by foreign, 341.
loss of credit included in exemplary d., 359.
exemplary d. for, 363, 373a.
Qf personal property, 373a.
d. for wron^ul, 435, 565.
of land, d. for wrongful, 565d.
d. for maUcious, 467.
d. on bond to discharge, 684.
for contempt, couns^ fees in defending, not recoverable on bond, 685?.
recovery on sheriff's bond, for wrongful, 692i.
d. for failure tp secure, 887.
d. for failure to ma^e, by reason of delay in transmitting telegram, 887.
of tenant'? property by landlord, d. fpr, 990.
excessive damages in actions for malicious, 1343.
ATTACHMENT BOND, recovery of time spent in securing dissolution of at-
tachment, 226i.
no recovery on account of litigation on, 232.
3102 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ATTACHMENT BOND— Continued.
expenses of resisting or discharging recoverable on, 237.
measure of d. on, 682.
ATTENTIONS of child, recovery for loss of, 576.
ATTORNEY employed to investigate securities, 86 6.
in a contrary suit, 103.
deterioration of property by fault of, 136.
value of services found on general knowledge of jury, 171o, n.
interest on fee of, 308o, n.
interest payable by, on money collected, 31 le, n.
exemplary d. against, 372.
recovery of entire fee by, 612.
d. for negligence of, 814.
liability of, to client, 814, 831.
for negligence, 831.
action against, for failure to perform services, 831.
entitled to reimbursement from client, 834.
entitled to compensation for services, 834a.
compensation of, according to what rate, 834o.
compensation of, for loss of opportunity to prosecute unfounded claim,
834d.
payment of, by percentage of amount recovered, 834(i.
d. for wrongful discharge of, 8S4g.
recoupment for lack of skill of, 1037.
evidence of value of services of, 1303.
ATTORNEY'S FEE as hquidated d. on note, 416. See Counsel Fees; Ex-
penses OF Litigation.
AUCTION, d. for refusing to accept goods sold at, 750, 751, 765.
price at, as evidence of value, 722, 852, 1023, 1179, 1298.
expenses of, whether recoverable, 980a.
refusal of purchaser at, to accept deed of land, 1023.
deposit at, as hquidated d., 1026.
AUCTIONEER, recovery of expenses by, 675.
of advertising, 834.
action against for negUgence, 832.
liability of, to principal, 832.
selling without authority, must pay purchaser's expenses, 838.
d. against, for selling land without authority, 1011.
AUDITOR, recovery on bond of, 693.
AUGUSTUS, changes introduced by, 1312.
AULA REGIS, 18.
AUNT, d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death of, 8946.
AUSTIN, as to meaning of property, 1118 n.
AUSTRALIA, law of, as to higher intermediate value, 516c.
AUTHORITY, d. on misrepresentation of, 835-838.
expenses of litigation recoverable, 238, 835, 837.
action for misrepresentation of, 236.
implied warranty of, 239.
suit brought without, 839.
lack of legal, 1110.
INDEX 3103
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
AUTOMOBILE, d. for failure to repaint, 226ff.
value of use of, 2436.
AVAILABILITY of land for city lots, 11656.
for docks, 1171.
for sawmill, 1171.
for factory, 1171.
for summer boarding house, 11716. See Value.
AVERAGE weight of cows, 192.
profits, 194.
value as proof of value, 1296.
verdict, how far allowable, 1324.
AVERAGE, GENERAL, 717. See General Average.
AVERMENT of damage. 1257-1260.
AVOIDABLE CONSEQUENCES.
I. — Geneeal Principles
plaintiff cannot recover for avoidable consequences, 201, 1172a.
reason of the rule, 202.
such consequences remote, 202.
different from the rule of contributory negligence, 203.
the rule of general application, 204.
coimection of rule with rule of higher intermediate value, 522.
with duty of replacement, 208o.
effect of stipulating d. upon, 420a.
application of the rule to contracts generally, 205.
not applicable to primary obligation of contract, 218.
to statutory damages, 217.
to landlord out of possession, 210.
replacement in the market, 208o.
obligation to make forward contract, 636/.
II. — Application of Rule in Various Forms op Action
actions of contract, 204, 608.
contracts for personal services, 206.
duty to seek employment, 206, 667.
employment of different kind or grade, 207.
duty to seek employment does not arise in all contracts, 208, 608.
contract of sale, 741.
action on injunction bond, 6856.
action against agent, 815.
contract of carriage, 212.
action on contract to furnish freight, 211.
action against telegraph companies, 212a, 895.
action by tenant, 210.
actions of tort, 214.
actions for personal injury, 214a.
for injury to real estate, 2146.
for destruction of fences, 214c.
for obstruction of ways, 215.
actions of replevin, 216.
actions under civil d. statutes, 1253.
suits in admiralty, 589.
3104 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. m@aU3 w>ts-]
AVOIDABLE CONSEQUENCES^Continufd.
actions for statutory d., 217.
proceedings in eminent domain, 217.
under English eminent domain statutes, 1104.
under N. Y. eminent domain statutes, 1199.
III. — Avoidable Consequences of Various Wrpnqs
landlord's agreement to repair, 209, 992.
tenant's agreement to make repairs, 210.
failure to furnish freight or cargo, 211.
defects in goods supplied or work done, 212&.
property or materials left on hand, 213.
injury to real estate, 214&.
destruction of fences, 214c.
obstructing way, 215.
breach of covenant for quiet enjoyment, 218.
destruction of property, 218.
killing cattle, 218.
ejection from premises, 218.
personal injury, 218, 221&, 491.
conversion, 5066.
breach of promise of marriage, 6416.
non-delivery of chattels, 741.
refusal to accept goods bought, 757.
breach of warranty of chattels, 764.
refusal to transport goods, 842.
delay in delivery of goods, 856.
failure to furnish freight, 858.
failure to carry passenger, 862.
expulsion from train, 865, 872.
error in delivering telegram, 895.
injury to land, 927.
diverting or obstructing water, 941.
injury to mill, 944.
nuisance, 947.
failure to furnish heat and power, 995.
IV. — ^Limitations or the Rule
not barred without lack of ordinary diligence, 218.
plaintiff not called upon to take unreasonably steps to avwitl loss, 219.
rule does not require impossibilities, 220.
amount of care required, 221.
what care is reasonable, 221o.
not called on to use remedy not generally known, 221a.
reasonable care in case of personal injury, 2216.
reparation offered by defendant, 222_.
knowledge of plaintiff required before rule applies, 823.
notice to plaintiff, 223.
plaintiff need not anticipate wrong, 224, 865.
plaintiff cannot be called on to commit a wrong, 225.
need not violate contract or commit crime, §25.
defendant prevents plaintiff from avoiding cpnsequences, 32S.
INDEX 3105
{References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
AVOIDABLE CONSEQUENCES— Conimwed.
V. — Recovbet op Expense of Avoiding Loss
rule sometimes results in enhancing d., 226a, 4X7, 438.
expenses of avoitl^g consequences recoverable, 68, 2266.
expense of following and recovering property, 226c.
expense of repairing or iiedressing the injury, 226i2.
expense of perfecting title, 226e.
expense of medical and surgical services, 226if.
expense of procuring a substitute, 226j.
substitute better than original, 226fe.
personal efforts to avoid loss, 226i.
injury suffered in attempt to avoid, 226t/.
only reasonable expense recoverable, 226/i;.
reasonableness of the exp^ise, 2262.
reasonableness of the means selected, 226m.
repairs not worth while, 226n.
necessity of payment before recovery, 226o.
VI. — i^oay OF Avoidable Consequences
burden of proof, 227.
court and jury, 228.
AVOIDING, reasonable diligence must be used in, 164a.
AWARD, bond to abide, 687.
amount of, recoverable on arbitration Itotld, 667.
of arbitrator, interest on, 335.
d. for failure to pay, 629.
bond to abide by, 687.
binding in action on policy of insurance, 722.
of appraiser, date of filing, 1151.
AXES, breach of warranty of steel sold for manufacture of, 766.
BAD CONDUCT of plaintiff, may be shown on breach of proeuse erf marriaige,
641.
BAD FAITH in sale of land, d. on failure to convey, how affected by, 1010.
in severance of chattels from the land of anoi^fSj, 934.
BAGGAGE, worry caused by separation from, 47.
expense of following, 226c, n.
what is, 873.
hability of carrier for loss of, 873.
BAIL, effect of liquidating d. on right to hold to, 426.
'id. against sheriff for taking insufiident, 555.
BAIL BOND, 686.
recovery of expense by sureties on, 806.
BAILEE, recovery by, 76.
on insurance policy, 725.
treasurer not merely, 692/.
BAILMENT, breadi dl contract af, 6336.
BALLOTS, recoupment iw error in printing, 1070.
BANK, wrongful refusal by, to pay cheek or draf-t, lS3a, 171a, 819.
when Uable for pajonent erf interest on funds collected, 311 ■».
interest on note payable at, even in case of war, 340c.
195
3106 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage! n. means note.]
BANK—Contimied.
deposit of fund in, as interrupting interest, 341.
d. against, for failure to collect note, 633c.
loss of money deposited in, by treasurer, 692/.
wrongful deposit by agent in, 816.
d. against for failure to collect note, 819.
BANK NOTES, contract payable in, 276.
interest upon, from time of presentment, 302a.
BANK SHARES, value of, 1171d.
BANKER, liability of, to principal, 819.
BANKRUPT, recovery by assignee on contract of, 628.
BANKRUPTCY, recovery by assignee, 628.
effect of discharge of surety in, 807&.
no bar to action for mesne profits, 907.
BARGAIN, d. against unauthorized agent for loss of, 836.
loss of, not regarded in early times, 951.
value of, on contract to convey land, 1005.
d. for loss of, on breach of contract to convey land, 1011, 1012.
BARGE, value of, 595.
BARK, measure of d. for wrongfully stripping, 934.
BARMECIDE FEAST, lawsuit is too often, 38.
BARN, basement site for, 11716.
BARRELS, damages for furnishing leaky, 2126, n.
d. for breach of warranty of, 764, 768.
BARTER CONTRACTS for land, 1020.
BASEMENT BARN, site for, 11716.
BASIN, land taken for storage, 1171e.
BASIS, of compensation for use of track, 1150.
of right in condemnation proceedings, 1107, 11496.
BATH HOUSE, recovery for refusal to admit to, 8736.
BATTERY. See Assault.
mental suffering caused by, 43i.
entire d. for, 84.
consequence of, only aggravation of d., 84.
BATTLE, trial by, 15.
when abolished in England, 15 n.
in France, 15 n.
BAY WINDOWS, projecting, 1166.
BEANS, injury to cargo of, 852.
BEAUTY of deceased wife cannot be shown in action for her death, 580a, re.
injury to natural, 1123o.
BED, compensation for deprivation of, 457.
BEGIN, right to, 1286.
BEING kept out late, d. for annoyance by, 42 n.
BELIEF OF RIGHT, mitigates exemplary d., 383c.
BELIEF OF TRUTH of libel or slander, d. mitigated by, 448c.
BENEFICIAL ENJOYMENT, compensation for taking of, 1114.
BENEFICIAL INTEREST, recovery by owner of, 926.
BENEFICIAL USE, interference with, 1114.
destruction of, 1116.
INDEX 3107
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BENEFICIARY, may recover profits or interest from trustee, 311c.
BENEFIT, allowance for, 63 et seq.
conferred on the injured party by the wrongful act, 63.
conferred in an action for flooding lands, 64.
on the injured party in common with others, 65.
not caused directly by the wrongful act itself, 66.
received from third parties on account of the injury, 67.
received on insurance policy, 67a.
from charitable aid, 67.
nominal d. at least recoverable where d. reduced because of, 101.
expectation of, 574.
of contract, what is, 609.
received from improvements is measure of allowance, 917.
BENEFITS, allowance of, in actions for taking by eminent domain, ch. xlviii.
I. — Gbnebal Principles
in England, 1103.
under English statutes, 1103.
through rise in value, 1103.
the allowance of benefits in general, 1125.
under statutes, 1126.
in the United States, 1127.
street openings, 1128.
cannot be assessed twice, 1128.
general benefits, 1129.
special benefits, 1130, 1170.
causes of diversity in the rules governing benefits, 1130o, 11656.
under state constitutions, 1131.
local rules, 1131.
special statutes, 1131.
originally no distinction between general .and special benefits, 1132.
under new constitutions, 1133.
under old constitutions, 1146.
set off against d. to land not taken, in Illinois, 1183.
general conclusions, 1148.
to land of other persons cannot be considered, 1130.
due to other causes, cannot be considered, 1130.
to distinct parcel of land, cannot be considered, 1130.
of cutting to taker, 1150.
exclusion of, in Iowa, 1152.
what to be considered, 1152 n. .
from adjacent lands, 1162.
indirect, 1162.
from improvement on adjoining land, 1162.
under New York statutes for use of street, 1197 et seq.
II. — Constitutional Provisions in Particular States
Alabama, 1133.
Arkansas, 1134.
CaJifomia, 1135.
Colorado, 1136.
Connecticut, 1148.
3108 INDEX
[Heferenoes are to sectionB, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BENEFITS—Cmtirmed.
Delaware, 1148.
District of CcAimlaa, 1148.
Georgia, 1137.
Idaho, 1145.
Illinois, 1138.
Indiana, 1148.
Iowa, 1148.
Kansas, 1148.
Kentucky, llSSm.
Louisiana, 1139.
Maine, 1148.
Maryland, 1148.
Maraachusetts, 1147.
Minnesota, 1145, 1148.
Mississippi, 1139o.
Missouri, 1140.
Montana, 1145.
Nebraska, 1141.
Nevada, 1148.
New Hampshire, 1148.
New Jersey, 1148.
New York, 1146.
North Carolina, 1148.
North Dakota, 1141o.
Ohio, 1148.
Oregon, 1148.
Pennsylvania, 1142.
Rhode Island, 1145, 1148.
South Carolina, 114S.
South Dakota, 1145.
Tennessee, 1148.
Texas, 1143.
Vermont, 1148.
Virginia, 1148.
Washington, 114Ba.
West Vir^nia, 1144.
Wisconsin, 1148.
Wyoming, 1145.
BERTH, d. for failure to provide, 212 n.
d. against sleeping car for failure to furnish, 873a.
BESOTTED CONDITION, jomt liabiUty for, 36a, n.
BIBLE, value of family, 251a, to.
BICYCLES, contract to keep up price of, 749a.
whether baggage, 873 n.
BID, market price presented by, 245.
BILL, doctor's, 1166(i.
BILL OF EXCHANGE, value of, 256.
contract payable in, 276.
interest on, 287, 696, 698, 699.
INDEX 3109
[References are to seetixms, d, means damage;^ n. means note.]
BILL OF EXCHANGE— Continued,
in England, 290.
overdue, interest on, 301.
expressed intention governs as to ailknrance of interest on, 330v
higher rate of interest after maturity of, 331.
d. on, 695 et seq.
inadequate consideration of, 695.
face value of, recoverable, 695.
civil law as to interest on, 697.
French code as to interest on, 697.
foreign, 700.
d. for protest of, 700.
re-exchange on, 70&.
costs of protest ami re'^xchange on,, 70t.
accommodatio^iiecovetjr on, 702.
recovery on by pledgee, 703.
liability of indorser of, 704.
to costs of prior suit,. 705.
d. for failure to accept or pay, 707.
agreement to pay for property by, 756.
recovery in action on, 1050.
conflict of laws on, 1375.
as to re-exchange, 1375.
as to protest for non-acceptance or non-payment, 1375.
as to interest, 1375.
BIRTH of child, provable in breach, of promise of marriage, 639.
BLANK of telegraph company, containing contract, 876.
BLASTING, injury caused by, whether a cause of aetion, 33.
repeated injury caused by, 92.
compensatiom for injury caused by, ISA, 1111, 1117 n.
BLINDNESS, excessive damages for, 1359.
BLOOD POISONING, d. for, 44.
mental suffering from fear of, 47 n.
BOARD AND LODGING, d. for breach of contract to furnish, 90 n., 205 «.,
614 n.
evidence of value of, 1304.
BOARDING HOUSED availability of land for summer, 11716.
BOAT, loss of trip of, by colliaon, 182o.
avoidable consequences of removing,. 214.
value of, 262, 595.
interest in action for destruction of,, 317.
d. for breach of warranty on: safe oi, 766.
BOAT RAILWAY, condemnation of land for, 11716.
BODY, fear of nott-arrival of, 47 n. See Cobpsb.
BOILER, whether bursting of is a cause of action, 33.
breach of contract to supply, 620 n.
d. for breach of warranty of, 765, 767.
BONA FIDE possessor, his equities, 906, 915.
trespasser, 934.
BOND. See Liquidated Damages.
3110 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means notej
BOND — Coniinited.
I. — In Geneeal
form of, 675a.
reason given for introductioi): of, 675o.
municipal, value of, 257,
individual, value of, 260.
to convey, value of, 260.
d. for breach of warranty of value of, 763. -
d. for failure to deliver, interest on value, 313a.
d. for breach of contract to engraye, 614 n.
covenant on, 679.
money, and bond with covenant, distinction between, 679.
injunction against usiag mxmicipal, 685i.
recovery of d. on sheriff's bond for taking insufficient, 692i.
not in accordance with statutes, may be vaUd at common law, 692.
d. for wrongful issue of, 708.
payment by, 796, 799.
d. for expense of obtaining, by reason of illegal distraint, 990a.
II. — Damages in Actions on
d. on penal, 30.
nominal d. in action on, 106.
recovery of expenses of litigation upon, 232.
municipal, interest on, 337 n.
exemplaiy d., whether recoverable on, 370.
statutory, exemplary d. for breach of, 370.
penal sum, regarded as penalty, 410.
debt on, 6756.
damages less than the penalty, 675c.
assignment of breaches, 675d.
only the plaintiff's actual loss now recoverable, 675e.
penalty and liquidated damages, 676.
damages in excess of penalty, 677.
interest on penalty, 678.
bonds containing express covenants, 679.
compensation for breach of condition, 679o.
d. on limited by penalty with interest, 680, 689.
remote and conjectural d. not recoverable on, 680.
expenses and counsel fees recoverable on, 680.
reduction of damages, 681.
actions against sureties, 681a.
interest payable by sureties after demand, 302a.
III. — BoNns Given in Judicial Proceedings
attachment bonds, 226i, 682.
expense of procuring bond to dissolve attachment, 226d.
expenses of resisting or discharging attachment, 237.
counsel fees and expenses in procuring dissolution of attachment,
682a.
exemplary damages, 683.
forthcoming bonds, bonds to dissolve attachment, receiptors, 232,
684.
INDEX 3111
tReferen6eS afe to sections, d. means damage; 7i. means note.]
BOND— Coniinwd.
bonds to indemnify attaching sheriff, 684a.
injunction bonds, general principles, 22&i, 685.
injmictions preventing use of land, 685a.
injunctions against taking a profit from land, 6856.
other injunctions concerning land, 685c.
injunctions against doing work, 685d.
injtmctions against carrying on business, 685e.
injunctions against constructing a building or other work, 685/.
injunctions against collecting a judgment or other debt, 685g'.
injunctions against a sale, 685/j.
injunctions against other acts, 685i.
counsel fees incurred on account of the injunction, 237, 685j.
covmsel fees in the entire litigation, 232, 685A;.
counsel fees not chargeable to defendant, 6851.
amount of counsel fees recoverable, exorbitant charges, 685to.
other expenses of litigation, 237, 685re.
bonds for vacating injunction, 685o.
bail bonds, 106, 686.
bonds for arrest, 226d, 686a.
arbitration bonds, 687.
appeal and supersedeas bonds, 688.
recovery of damages from the appeal, 688a.
replevin bonds, 689.
measure of recovery, 689o.
value of property in writ conclusive, 532, 689a.
value of property when to be estimated, 690.
destruction of property before payment, 691.
reduction of damages, 691a.
limitations of plaintiff's title, 6916.
detinue bonds, 691c.
other judicial bonds, 691d.
to contest claim of exemptions, 69 Id.
ne exeat, 683 n.
sequestration, 106.
IV. — Official Bonds
official bonds in general, 543, 692.
acts outside official duty, 692a.
liability for acts before or after regular term of bond, 6926.
liability on cumulative bonds, 692c.
successive bonds to cover successive terms of office, 692c2.
default in payment of money at end of last term, 692e.
of financial officers, 692/.
of judicial officers, 692g'.
of clerks of courts, 692ft.
of sheriffs and constables, 692i.
of executors and administrators, 57, 692^.
of guardians, 692k.
of county and town officers, 693.
of officers of corporations, 694,
3112 INDEX
[Befecences axe to sections, d. means damage; n. means note]
BOND — Continued.
V. — Bonds op Indbmnitt
bond of indemnity, recovery on, 789.
expenses of litigation recoverable, 238.
to sheriff, &7.
to save harmless, recovery on, 793.
from digging up street, 793a.
VI. — Other Bonds
to convey land, value of, 260.
for interest, interest upon, 346i
against waste, liquidated d. for breach of, 395.
between partners, liquidated d. for breach of, 395^
to convey land, penal sum treated as penalty, 410;
for maintenance of plaintiff, 633a.
to support, 675d.
to pay for ri^t of way, 677.
contractor's bonds, 6796.
statutory bonds and undertakings, 680.
to convey, d. on, where conveyance is possible, 1007.
for price of land, recoupment upon, 1040.
BONDSMEN. See Sureties.
BONUS, paid to obtain money, 806.
BOOK, demand for, at et certain time, 156.
d. for failure to print, 197.
to supply, 205 n.
value of plates of, 250.
value of second hand, 261.
d. for breach of contract to publish, 618 n.
whether baggage, 873 n.
BOOM, condemnation of islands for, 1171e.
BOTTLES, d. for failure to supply, to manufacturer, 742a.
BOUNDARIES, d. for misrepresentation as to, 1027, 1028.
BOUNTY, interest on, 337.
ability to earn, considered in value of vessel, 595.
BOUQUET, d. for error in transmitting telegram ordering, 884.
BOYCOTT, d. for mental suffering caused by, 44a.
BREACH, continuous, 82.
all d. of, must be recovered in one action, 85.
of condition of bond, 679a.
of term of sale of goods, recovery for, lO&l.
BREACH OF CONTRACT, whether contimiing or total, 90.
whether total or partial, 636i.
or invasion of right, 97.
before time for performance, 6Z6d.
anticipatory, 636(i.
nojninal d. where plaintiff benefited by, 1106w
BREACH OF COVENANT, what is, 953.
of warranty, 956.
of seizin, 966.
against incumbrances, 967.
INDEX 3113
pieferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note,]
BREACH OF COVENANT— Con^mwed.
in lease, recoupment for, 1057.
BREACH OF PROMISE OF MARRIAGE. See Mabkiage, ca. xxviii.
d. for loss of station by, 60,
not admissible in aggravation of d. for seduction, 475.
exceptional nature of the action, 637.
exemplary damages, 351,, 370, 637a.
loss of marriage, 638.
injury to affections, 638a.
mental suffering, 638b.
consequential damages, 638c.
aggravation, seduction under promise of marriage, 639.
circumstances of the breach, 639a.
wealth of defendant, 639a.
events after suit brought, 640.
plea of justification interposed in bad faith, 640o.
mitigation, bad character or conduct of plaintiff, 641.
feelings of the parties, 641a.
physical defects of the parties, 641&.
offer of performance after breach, 53, 641e.
BREACH OF TRUST, interest because of, 31 le.
BREACH OF WARRANTY on sale of goods, recoupment for, 1060. See Breach
OF Covenant.
BREACHES, bad assignment of, 1276.
several, 84a.
BREACHES OF BOND, assignment of, 675c, 675d.
BREAKING of pipe line, compensation for probable,. 1166e.
BREHON LAW, fines payable in cattle in, 10.
BRICK, delay in delivery of, for building, 152 n.
loss of, by injunction, 685b, n,
d. for failure to deliver, 742.
d. for failure to pay for, 752a.
d. for failure to accept, 754.
BRICK WALL, compensation for falling of, 1164.
BRICKYARD, depreciation of value of, by taking, 1165b.
compensation for prevention of enlargement of, 11656.
BRIDGE, d. for loss of use of, 187.
value of land for abutments of, 252 n., 1171c.
profits of contract to construct, 614 n.
d. for breach of contract to build, 615 »., 647a.
d. for breach of contract to repair, 618 n., 647a.
erection of, by county, 1120.
opening of, is special benefit, 1130 n.
taking by eminent domain, 1163, 1173.
building of, 1165a.
taking of land for, 1171a.
value of land needed for, 1171e.
effect of conformation of land on cost of, 1171e.
injury to ferry by erection of, 1173.
BROKER, d. to business and credit of, 153a.
3114 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BROKER— Continued.
established business of, 182 n.
conversion of stock by, 228d.
in stocks, interest on his accounts by custom, 311.
d. against for fraud, 439i.
for failing to use skill for principal, 828.
higher intermediate value in actions against, 509-514, 521-524.
custom house, 832a.
hability of, to principal, 834.
compensation recoverable by, 670.
entitled to commission for services, 834a.
where sale made by principal, 834c, 834d.
BROTHEL, entire d. for establishment of, 924a.
BROTHER, no presumption of loss by, in action for death, 584a.
d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death of, 8946.
BROTHERHOOD of Locomotive Engineers, 170o.
BRUSH, contract to keep leased premises free from, 999A;.
BRUTALITY, exemplary d. for, 365.
BUGGY, delay in shipment of, 152 n.
BUILD, d. for failure to, Qd3d.
covenant to, in bond, 679.
contract to, 641c. See Contract op Consthuction.
BUILDING, erection of, causing nmsance, 93.
erection of large, 149.
lumber bought for, 164.
contract to supply iron work for, 166, 205 n.
prevention of erection of, 182.
destruction of, 183.
failure to remove, 205 n.
d. by putting defective beams into, 2126.
d. for wrongfully making opening into, 2146.
d. for delay in completing, 224.
cost of repair of, 226d, n.
value of land for construction of, 252re, 11715.
liquidated d. for delay in completing, 419.
agreement to erect or pay money, 423.
contract to construct, 156, 607, 614, 616, 617, 618 n., 625.
d. for breach of contract to construct, 620 »., 643.
to plaster, 620 n.
to roof, 620 n.
to supply materials for, 742a.
to furnish materials for, 646a.
to repair, 6466.
to allow removal of, 998.
profit of contract to construct, 614 n.
to work on, 614 n.
d. for defective construction of, 644.
d. for delay in construction of, 645.
recovery for work on, after it is blown down, 655c.
injunction against tearing down, 685c.
INDEX 3115
f [References ait to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BVlLDrnG— Continued.
against constructing, 685/.
value of, 722, 1168, 11716.
when a total loss, 722a.
. d. for removal of, 910, 935a, 1168.
d. for destruction of, 935a.
covenant to allow removal of, 998.
whether destruction of, by fire excuses payment of rent, 999c.
d. against lessee for destruction of, 9Q9g.
obligation of tenant to restore after destruction by fire, 999j.
structural d. tp, 1096.
taking of, by eminent domain, 1107.
injury to, 1117 n.
evidence of value of materials in,, 1168 n.
evidence of value of, 1302.
BUILDING LOTS, value of land for, 253.
BUILDING PLANS, change of, 1164. .
BUILDING PARTICULAR STRUCTURES, viz.:
approach to viaduct, 1109n.
bridge, 1165o.
drain, 1110 n.
fence, 1167 n.
gates, 1165.
levee, 1109 n.
power house, 1121 n.
quarry railroad in street, 1123 n.
railroad in street, 1123.
without condemnation proceedings, 1165c.
consent to, 1109.
railroad embankment, 1120.
side track in street, 1123.
viaduct, 1121 n.
BUILDINGS, several may form an entire tract for eminent domain purposes,
1205c.
BULL, damages for sale of impotent, 214.
d. caused to heifer by, 435.
BULLETS, early substitute for money in Massachusetts, 266.
BURDEN, additional, 1109, 1123, 1152a.
increase of, 1149b.
of increased fencing, 1163.
BURDEN OF PROOF, to estabUsh amount of loss, 170.
to reduce q!., 170a.
of avoidable consequences, 227.
of reasonableness of attempt to avoid loss, 227.
of ratification by principal of agent's act, 378.
to establish liquidation of d., 406.
whether Uquidated d. are penalty, 408.
in action against public officer, 646.
of amount of d. for breach of contract, 610.
of reduction of contract price, 612.
3116 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BURDEN OF FUOOF— Continued.
of loss through wrongful discharge of servant, 667.
of other possible employment, 667.
in action against agent, 814.
that expenses of extinguishing incumbrances were reasonable, 980.
as to apportionment of profits of infringement, 1243.
BURIAL, exemplary d. for interference with right of, 373.
BURNING of mill, loss of rice caused by, 151. See Fibb.
BURRS, contract to keep leased premises free from, 999ft.
BURY in usual manner, d. for failure to, 45.
BUSINESS, loss and inconvenience in prosecution of, 42.
anxiety connected with, 44.
contract not to engage in, 89.
consequential d. to, 152, 153.
abandonment of former situation in anticipation of, 167.
expected profits of, 174.
uncertain and speculative, 180.
injury resulting in loss of, 181.
liquidated d. for agreement not to engage in, 182, 400^ 418.
profits of established, 182, 185, 187.
of uncertain, 182o.
of illegal, 1826.
of new, 183.
established, is bought and sold, 183.
new, 183.
injury to by eviction, 188.
by injury to land, 927.
loss of use of, 189.
contract for share in, 192.
to establish, 194.
value of established, 254.
d. for loss of, from defamation, 444
malicious prosecution, 459.
false imprisonment, 461.
malicious attachment, 467.
personal injury, 482o.
income of deceased from, may not be shown in action for ctea4;h, 580a.
no recovery for injury to, by collision in admiralty, 589.
d. for breach of contract to estabhsh, 620 n.
to share, 625.
not to engage in, 632.
d. for injury to, by breach of exclusive contract, 632.
d. for loss of, on attachment bond, 682.
d. by injunction against carrying on, 685e.
when carried on, in spite of injunction, 685e.
d. for injury to, in action on bond for appointment of receiver, 691(2.
d. for interruption of, by fire not recoverable on policy, 724.
d. for injury to by removal, 806.
by carriage of passenger beyond station, 864a.
by eviction from leased premises, 988a.
INDEX 3117
[Reference are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BUSINESS— Continued.
by negligence of landlord, 990.
by illegal diateaint, 990a.
by illegal entry of landlord, 9906.
by breach of covenant to repair, 992.
by failure of landlord to f umish power, 995.
by breach of covenant to renew lease, 996.
by breach <rf covenant to stop trains at hotel, 999.
done on land, misrepresentation as to, 1027.
recoupment in action on contract for sale of, 1062.
on sale of good-will of, 1063.
difference between established and new, 1087.
compensation for diminution of, 1121 n., 1152a.
for annoyance to, 1165.
for injuries to, 1169.
for interruption of, 1169. i
inconvenience and hindrance to, 1152a, 1169.
increase in expense of existing, llS2a.
evidence as to, 1169.
suitableness of property for, 1204.
compensation for falUng off of, by taking of rights in highway in New
York, 1205.
special damages for injuries to, must be alleged, 1269.
evidence of value of, 1304.
BUSINESS PREMISES, loss -ttirough deprivation of, 134.
injury to, 184.
d. for injury to, ,185.
recovery for good-will of, 1080.
BUTCHER, value of stock of, 248a.
CABBAGE SEED, d. for breach of warranty of, 768.
CABLE ROAD, machinery for, 153n.
CALIFORNIA, rule in, as to recovery of counsel fees on injunction bond, 686m.
for recovery against executor who is debtor to state, 692y.
for recovery of higher intermediate value of goods sold, 745.
taking .by eminent domain in, 1116.
constitution of, referred to, 1122.
on eminent domain, 1123.
as to benefit, 1135.
CALL ON STOCK, contract to pay, 627.
d. against telephowe company for failure to answer, 897a.
CANAL, d. for fillmg up, 35 n, 93.
private, 93.
pubUc, d. for enlargement of, 95.
failure to furnish dredges for use in, 161.
contract to construct, 655.
drainage, 1149 n.
seepage from, 1164.
taking of materials for construction of, 1107.
d. from construction of, 1164.
3118 INDEX
(References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CANAL-BOAT, d. for breach of warranty of, 765.
CANAL COMPANY, flooding of land by, 1108 n.
CANCELLATION OF CONTRACT, by its terms, &55d. See Repudiation.
CANON, value of land in, 11716.
CANONS OF INTERPRETATION, of agreements for stipulated d., 409.
CAPACITY, probable future increase of, 180a.
of business, compensation for limiting, 1152a.
to earn, of deceased, may be shown in action for death, 574a, S80a.
See Eabning Capacity.
of franchise, 1171d.
to have offspring, d. for loss of, 485.
to labor, d. for diminution of, 171a, n.
d. for injury to, 180, 484.
of married woman, 486.
of minor, 4866.
physical, 485. See Physical Capacity.
CAPITAL not advanced by partner, interest on, 301.
no interest on partnership, 310a.
CAPRICE, verdict set aside for, 1326.
CAPTURE, illegal, d. for, 175.
exemplary d. for, 352.
amounts to constructive total loss, 711.
CARCASS, d. for killing animal reduced by value of, 435.
d. for leaving near plaintiff's house, 948.
CARE, requisite in avoiding consequences, 221, 221a.
in avoiding effect of personal injury, 2216.
for person during life, recovery on contract to, 616.
question of due, 1110.
evidence of value of, 1304.
of husband, recovery by wife for loss of, 578.
of parent, recovery by child for loss of, 577.
CARGO, d. for failure to furnish, 211, 858.
avoidable consequences of failure to furnish, 211, 221a.
contribution of, to general average, 717.
expense of saving and storing, in admiralty, 589.
of unloading by lighters after obstruction of channel, 226g.
injury to, 596a.
insurance of carrier's liability on, 713.
jettison of, 717.
loss of, by collision, 596.
one of the interest in jeopardy on voyage, 717.
recovery for damage to, 596.
subject of marine insurance, 709.
total loss of, 710.
value of, 596, 712, 714, 717.
for general average, 717.
wrongful injury to, need not be anticipated, 224.
CARLISLE TABLES, admissible to prove duration of Ufe, 1306.
CARRIAGE, manufacture of, 164a.
pole supplied for, 164a.
INDEX 3119
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CARRIAGE— Continued.
value of, 251.
d. for failure to receive, 751.
d. for breach of warranty of part of, 765.
contract of. See Carrier.
avoidable consequences of violation of, 212.
recoupment in contract of, 1068.
CARRIAGE-POLE, d. for breach of warranty of, 765.
CARRIER, obligation of, whether contract or tort, 602.
exemplary d. against, 363, 371a.
special d. must be alleged in actions against, 1267.
excessive d. in actions against, 1342.
inadequate d. in actions against, 1370.
CARRIER OF GOODS must compensate direct loss, 1216.
avoidable consequences of injury by, 204, 212.
interest in actions against, 318.
exemplary d. against, for refusal to deliver goods, 373a.
liquidated d., 419.
insurance of liabiUty of, on valued marine poUcy, 713.
recovery by, on fire policy, 725.
recoupment against, 1068.
telegraph company is not, 875.
notice to, of intention to resell, 162.
of special use for money, 168.
for material for manufacture, 153, 166.
for tools, 153.
for machinery, 144, 145, 153, 165, 178.
form of action against, 840.
measure of d. against, a question of law, 840.
compensation of, for transporting goods, 841.
acceptance of goods from, before destination reached, 841.
actions against, 842 et seq.
d. for refusal to transport, 842.
consequential d. for refusal to transport, 843.
■ d. for failure to furnish cars, 843o.
d. for loss or destruction by, 152.
d. for non-delivery, 844.
place of estimating value on non-delivery, 198, 845.
in case of connecting lines, 846.
, d. for failure to forward goods, 846a.
time of estimating value on non-delivery, 847.
reduction of d. for non-delivery, 848.
by acceptance of goods, 848.
by receipt of insurance money, 849.
interest in action against, for loss of goods, 317.
consequential d. for non-delivery, 164, 166, 168, 200, 850.
when include profits, 176.
sufficient notice of, 159.
limitation of liability of, 851.
d. for injury during transportation, 852.
3120 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CARRIER OF GOODS— Coraimued.
time of estimating value of injured goods, 852.
reduction of d. for injury, 852.
d. for misdelivery, 524, 853.
reduction of d. for misdelivery, 87, 853.
nominal d. for misdelivery, 853.
d. for delay in delivery, 143, 164, 165, 854.
of cotton, 166.
of machinery, 146, 190.
of mill shaft, 144.
of money, 168.
of samples, 195.
in transportation by sea, 865.
interest against, for delay in delivering goods, 316.
consequential d. for delay in deliveiy, 136, 856.
loss of profits whether remote, 856.
notice of special consequences of delay, 169a, 856a.
of advantages of prompt shipment, 164.
of expenses of litigation on sub-contract, 240.
d. for delay in lading or unlading a vessel, 857.
d. for discrimination, 857a.
d. for breach of agreement to fumidi freight, 164, 211, 857.
CARRIER OF PASSENGERS, not hable for inconvenience from deflay, 42.
inconvenience of walking home, 42.
setting down at wrong station, consequential d., 150.
notice of necessity of promptness, 161.
avoidable consequences, 204, 212, 872.
wrongful demand of additional fare by, 222.
responsible for cold caught by passenger, 226>?.
liability of, for delay of passenger, 226A;.
whether expense of special train is recoverable, 2261^.
exemplary d., 388.
nature of liability of, 859.
form of action against, 150, 859.
d. for personal injury, 860.
d. for fright and nervous shock, 861, 866.
d. for failure to carry a passenger, 862.
d. for delay in transporting a passenger, 863.
d. for failure to carry to destination, 864.
d. for carriage beyond station, 864a.
d. for expulsion from train, 865.
avoidable consequences of expulsion, 865, 872.
failure to furnish agreed accommodations, 865a.
compensation for the risk of injury, 866.
consequences of exposure, 867-871.
American rule, 868.
Pullman Palace Car Co. v. Barker, 869.
Brown v. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, 870.
general conclusions, 871.
liability of, for loss of baggage, 873.
INDEX 3121
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means noie.]
CARS for street railway, 195 n.
d. against carrier for failure to furnish, 843a.
d. for discrimination in furnishing, 857a.
d. for breach of contract to furnish, 999.
change in size of, 1149 n.
risk of running off track, 1165.
CASE, object of, is to obtain money judgment, 4.
CASES, English, on eminent domain referred to, 1123.
CASH, d. for failure to insist on payment in, 692/.
failure by agent to exact payment in, 829.
CASH VALUE, 722, 1171ci.
definition of, in statute of eminent domain, 1171rf.
CASHIER, recovery on bond of, 694.
CASUALTIES to cattle, 1163.
CAT, hurt by dog, d. for, 43A, n.
CATALOGUING, auctioneer entitled to reimbursement for, 834.
CATTLE, annoyance of keeping out, 1164.
avoidable consequences of turning out, 214.
casualties to, 1163.
contract to furnish distillery slops for feeding, 164.
cost and annoyance of keeping out, 1164.
d. against carrier for killing, 844.
for wrongful unloading, 852.
d. by injury to young, 209.
d. caused by, 125, 125o.
d. for breach of contract to pasture, 608, 620 n.
by tenant not to pasture on wet land, 999fc.
d. for delay in transportation of, 854.
d. for depriving of pasturage, 927.
d. for trespass by, 214. .
d. to, by injunction against building stable, 685/.
delay in deUvery of cotton-seed for feeding of, 152 n.
delay in shipment of, 212.
diseased, d. for infection by, 125.
distraint of, damage feasant, 945.
failure to deliver machine for cutting fodder for, 205n.
to deliver mill to grind com for, 742.
to furnish water to, 221a.
failure to pasture, 205 n.
injury by trespass of, 201, 214c.
injury to, by lack of pasturage, 221a.
need not be anticipated, 224.
by drinking polluted water, 223.
loss of sale of, through failure to transmit telegram, 883.
no obligation on owner to lessen damage from killing of, 218.
obstruction of way used to feed, 215.
recoupment for injury caused by landlord's, 1058.
recovery against several owners for joint trespass of, 431.
were primitive substitute for money, 10 n., 200. See Animals.
CATTLE CARS, d. for failure to erect, 22ei.
196
3122 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note. J
CATTLE CPiBB—Cmtinued.
expense of constructing, 1152a.
CATTLE DEALER, evidence of profits by, 181m.
CATTLE-GUARDS, contract to build, 631.
compensation for expense of, 115a, 1167.
CATTLE RAISING, profits of, 182a, n.
CAUSA PROXIMA in actions against telegraph companies, 897.
CAUSA PROXIMA NON REMOTA SPECTATUR, 114.
CAUSE, intervening in action of contract, 602 n.
CAUSE OF ACTION, what constitutes, 33, 836.
when entire, 84 et seq., 636g.
joinder of good and bad, 1276.
CAUSE OF DAMAGE, in condemnation proceeding, 1153.
courts not agreed as to, 1170.
when property is taken, 1185, 1186.
CAUSE OF OFFENCE, discontinuance of, as mitigation of exemplary d., 383.
CAUSEWAY, improper construction of, 1123 n.
CELLAR, negligence in constructing, 765.
flooding, 1166d.
CEMENT, d. for breach of warranty of, 766.
rock, d. for removal from land, 935 n.
walk, d. for breach of contract to construct, 647c, n.
CENTRE of population, establishment of, new, is general benefit, 1129.
CERTAIN, d. must be, ch. ix. See Certainty; Certainty op Proof.
fact of loss must be shown with reasonable certainty, 170.
absolute certainty not required as to amount of loss, 170o.
best proof possible must be given, 171.
value found by jury without evidence, 171a.
alternative rules of damages, 1716.
prospective loss, 172^
future effects of personal injury, 172a.
gain prevented; profits, 173.
allowance of profits, how regulated, 174.
early cases, 175.
profits recoverable if proximate, natural, and certain, 176.
general rule, 177ii
cases of entire loss do not fall within the rule, 178.
gain expected from the use of money, 179.
loss through injury to capacity for labor, 180.
probable future increase of capacity, 180a.
personal injury resulting in loss of business, 181.
profits of an established business, 182.
uncertain profits of an established business, 182a.
profits of an unlawful business, 1826.
of a new business, 183.
damages for obstructing the use of land, 184.
failure to give possession of real estate, 185.
failure to put a structure on land, 186.
loss of use of a road or bridge, 187.
damages for wrongful eviction, 188.
INDEX 3123
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CEKTAm— Continued.
loss of the use of business premises, 189.
injury to maciiinery, 190.
injury to crop, 191, 937.
profits of a contract, 192.
contracts for a share in the profits of a business, 193.
agency commission contracts, 193a.
contracts in restraint of trade or competition, 193&.
collateral profits, 194.
loss of use of personal property, 195.
loss of use of a vessel, 196.
profits expected from a sale of goods, 197.
profits included in the market price, 198.
profits expected from the manufacture of raw material, 199.
from competition or speculation; value of a chance, 200.
CERTAINTY, m elevated railway cases, 1205.
necessary for recovery of d. on injunction bond, 6856.
no recovery for loss of speculative profits, 889.
of loss in action against telegraph companies, 888.
of profits expected from use of money, 685ft.
rules of, applicable to actions for injury to passenger, 860.
of profits of business, 685e, 1087.
of d. for injury to land, 927.
under eminent domain statutes, 1087.
CERTAINTY OF PROOF, 170 et seq. See Phopits.
loss must be proved with reasonable certainty, 170, 888, 889.
when not to be attained, reasonable probability must be shown, 170.
best proof possible must be given, 171.
in action for trespass to lands, 932. ,
of loss from personal injury, 180.
of loss of business through personal injury, 181.
of loss of capacity to labor, 180.
of loss of chance of promotion, 860.
of loss of opportunity to compete for prize, 200.
of loss of professional earnings, 180.
of loss of speculation, 200.
of loss of time, 180.
of profits, 173 et seq., 1087. See Profits.
of prospective loss, 172. See Prospective Damages.
of value of growing crops, 937.
rules as to, 1087, 1094.
CERTAINTY OF REMOTENESS, 1094.
CERTIFICATE OF STOCK, value of, 257.
conversion of, 494.
CESTUI QUE TRUST, d. recoverable by, for injury to land, 70, 83.
CHAIN, warranty of sufRcieilcy of, 164a.
CHAMPAGNE, value of, where similar quality not procurable, 163.
CHANCE of being called upon to stay, 170.
of gain, compensation for loss of, 200.
value of, 200.
3124 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CHANCE— Con«»ni<ed.
of obtaining employment, 200.
prize, 200.
that father will pay son's debts, 200.
of presenting one's self for employment, 200.
of promotion, 860.
CHANCELLORS, jury said to be, 605.
CHANCERY interposes to prevent forfeiture of penalty, 6756.
CHANGE in building plans, 1164.
in constitutions with regard to taking by eminent domain, 1122.
in construction, new d. from, 1152.
in course of river, 1120.
in current of river, 1109 n.
in grade of sidewalk, 1122.
of street, 1110 n, 1112a, 1112a, n., 1119, 1119 n, 1120, 1121 n,
1122 n, 1123 n, 1149 n, 11496, 1151 n, 1164, 11656, 1168 n.
in gauge of railroad, 1152.
in plan of construction, 1152.
in size of cars, 1149 n.
in structure, 1109.
in use of property taken, 1109.
CHANGED CONDITIONS, cost of adapting property to, 1164.
CHARACTER of plaintiff, mitigation of d. because of, 451, 480, 641.
as affecting d. for defamation, 451.
for false imprisonment, 466.
for personal injury, 488.
in mitigation of exemplary d., 377.
of appliances, 1166.
of deceased, may be proved in action for death, 580o.
of newspaper, aggravation of d. in libel because of, 445.
of soil, 1166c.
CHARGE, contract to indemnify against, 795.
on damages must be in accordance with law, 1320.
erroneous, 1321.
CHARITABLE AID, d. not reduced because of receipt of, 67, 719, 860.
CHARTER, detinue for, 527.
of city, provisions of, 1112a.
CHARTER-PARTY, demurrage in, 391, 419, 420.
recovery for loss of, in admiralty, 589.
recoupment in action on, 1063, 1068.
CHARTER POWERS, acts outside, 1110.
CHARTERER, d. against, for breach of contract to furnish cargo, 858.
CHASTITY, want of, as mitigation of d. for seduction, 476.
for personal injury, 488 n.
for breach of promise of marriage, 641.
CHATTEL, d. recoverable by limited owner of, 76.
by possessor against stranger, 76.
in replevin, 77.
possessor against owner, 78.
against one from whom owner cannot recover full value, 79.
INDEX 3125
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CHATTEL— Cowiinited.
by owner out of possession, 80.
by party to conditional sale, 80a.
to mortgage, 81.
between parties to mortgage of, 82.
between mortgagor or mortgagee, 81, 82.
by part owner, 83.
by creditor in case of fraudulent transfer of, 83o.
d. for loss of use of, 195.
payment in, 279-281.
value of, 242 et seg.
measure of d. for destruction of, 432a.
action for injury to, 432o.
value of, how estimated, 433.
value of, when estimated, 434.
d. for detention of, 435.
measure of d. for injury to, 435.
expenses of repair or cure of, 435.
d. for depreciation in value of, 435.
d. for loss of use of, 435.
no consequential d. for total destruction of, 436.
consequential d. for injury to, 436.
expenses of avoiding consequences recoverable, 437.
even when they enhance loss, 438.
higher intermediate value on non-delivery of, 507, 517, 519, 744r-749
d. for removal of, in action for trespass q. c. /., 943.
recoupment in case of sale of, 1059 et seq.
hire of, 1063.
exchange of, 1071.
sale of. See Sale. ,
CHECK, dishonor of, 45.
d. for, need not be proved, 1310a.
d. for failure to pay, 105, 153a, 171a.
d. for destruction of, 107a, n.
d. for detention of, 538.
arrest for swindling as result of dishonor of, 168.
value of, 256.
interest on, from time of presentment, 302a.
re-exchange on, 700a.
right of set-off against, 1031.
CHIEF OF POLICE, recovery on bond of, 692a.
CHILD, breach of contract to support, 633a.
d. for injury to, 43^, n., 441.
d. for wrongful removal of, from train, 43ff, n.
d. for delay of message announcing illness of, 894.
d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death of, 8946.
exemplary d. for loss of service of, 376.
expense of search for, recoverable in action for abduction, 469.
fear of deformity of unborn, 43ff.
four years old, capacity of, to suffer mentally, 43J;.
3126 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CHILD — Continued.
malicious arrest of, 4dg, n.
mental suffering may be felt by, 4Sk, 89id.
presumption of loss to, in action for death, 584a.
recovery by, for loss of earning capacity, 86c, n.
for death of parent, 577.
for losses after majority, 577.
for services rendered to parent, 673d.
for fright from expulsion from train, 865.
recovery by parent for loss of society of, 48.
for death of, 172a, 575, 576.
based on continuance of life beyond minority, 575.
for death of adult, 576.
CHILDBEARING POWER, d. for loss of, 41a.
CHILDBIRTH, recovery for, by woman seduced, 477.
CHILDREN, number of, may be shown in action for death, 580.
CHOSE IN ACTION, value of, 256.
CHRISTIAN SCIENTIST, bearing on pain of fact that one is, 1307.
capacity of, to suffer pain, 43fc.
CHRISTMAS TRADE, d. for loss of, 182a, n.
CHURCH, evidence admitted that deceased was member of, in action for death,
580a.
benefit to, by opening streets, 1128.
value of land for, 11716.
CHURCH SERVICES, d. for interruption of , 42.
CHURCHYARDS, taking of, 1081.
CICERO, his criticism of Roman procedure, 1313.
CIGARETTE MACHINE, d. for failure to exhibit, 194.
CINDERS, d. from, 1116, 1121, 1123 n, 1151, 1152a, 1165, 1165a, 1165a, n.
CIPHER MESSAGES, d. for default in transmitting, 154, 890, 891.
CIRCUITY OF ACTION, prevention of, 1031.
doctrine of recoupment founded on avoidance of, 1040.
CIRCUMSTANCES of breach of promise of marriage may be shown, 639a.
of family, shown in action for death, 580.
in action for death of adult child, 576.
of plaintiff, considered in actions for death, 574o.
CITY, interest on claim against, 302a, 337.
for destruction of property, 317.
forfeiture in contract with, whether penalty, 416a.
liability of, for ultra vires act, 1110 n.
improvements by, 1112.
taking water works by, under contract, 1173.
CITY ATTORNEY, recovery for services of, on injunction bond, 686ifc.
CITY CHARTER, provisions of, 1112o.
CITY CLERK, recovery on bond of, 693.
CITY LIMITS, building of drains outside of, 1110 n.
CITY LOTS, value of land for, 1165b, 11716.
CITY ORDINANCE for condemnation, 1151 n.
CITY PROPERTY, net yield of, 1179.
CIVIL DAMAGE ACT, individual acts causing injury governed by, 36a.
INDEX 3127
IReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CIVIL DAMAGE ACT— Continued.
principles on which the statutes rest, 1247.
when death ensues, 1248.
means of support, 1249.
injury to property, 1249a.
other damages, 1250.
sales by several persons, 1251.
acquiescence a bar, 1252.
avoidable consequences, 1253.
exemplary damages, 363, 377a, 387, 1254.
consequential damages, 143, 1255.
mental suffering, 359, 1256.
excessive damages under, 1366.
CIVIL LAW, d. in, discretionary, 25.
exemplary d. in, 355.
liquidated d. in, 393, 427.
as to confusion, 505.
as to interest on bill or note, 697.
as to sale of chattel, 783.
as to payment by note, 797 n.
recovery in, for improvements on ejectment from land, 903. '
allowance for improvements in action for mesne profits, 915.
analogies of, as to real covenants, 954.
meaning of "compensation" in, 1031.
CLAIM, d. for failure to collect, 633c.
against guardian, 692k.
against agent, 819.
against attorney, 831.
contract to indemnify against, 794; 795.
d. for neglect to prosecute, 814, 831.
against telegraph company, limited by rule, 876.
what may be allowed, 1041.
limit of time for, under statute of eminent domain, 1151 n.
CLAY, profits from selling, 184.
d. for removal from land, 935 n.
by tenant, 936.
d. for breach of contract to remove, 614 n.
value of deposits of, 1166e.
CLERGYMAN, injury to, 180.
injury to reputation of, 153a, n.
CLERK, city, recovery on bond of, 693.
county, d. against for negligence, 560, 561.
d. in action against, 559, 559a.
recovery on bond of, 692A.
town, d. in action against, 562.
CLOAK-ROOM in theatre, contract for furnishing, 1097.
CLOSING of alley, d. for, 1149 n.
of highway, 1090, 1123.
CLOTH, breach of contract to dye, 620 w.
d. to while sponging, 633&, n.
3128 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CWTn—Cmtinued.
d. for breach of warranty of, 766 n.
d. for delay in transportation of, 854.
CLOTHES, value of, 251.
CLOTHING, value of, 251, 722, 873.
value of second-hand, 251.
use of, 107a, n.
d. for breach of contract to press, 614 n.
CLOUD on title, caused by injunction suit, Q85h.
CLOVER seed, value of, 768.
COACH, agreement not to run, liquidated d. for breach of, 418.
COAL, d. for breach of warranty of quality of, 156, 162.
d. for wrongfully mining, 501, 502, 503, 935.
d. for breach of contract to mine, 614 n.
to carry, 618 n.
d. for failure to transport, 633d, 843.
d. for non-deUvery of, 734.
d. for failure to furnish cars for transportation of, 843a.
d. for delay in transportation of, 856.
d. for removal from land, 935.
failure of title to, 976.
nearness of pipe-line to underlying, 1166c.
COAL-BEARING LAND, support of surface by, 1166c.
COAL BEDS, nature of, 184.
COAL DEALER, evidence of profits of, 181 n.
COAL DUST sold for brick, 164a.
COAL LAND, breach of covenants in lease of, 999k.
COAL STRATA, support for pipe-line from, 1166c.
COAL-YARD, d. to, 1164.
COATS, contract to manufacture, 208 n.
CODE NAPOLEON, 1312.
damages under the system in France previous to, 25.
CODES, d. under modem European, 28a.
COFFIN, d. for failure to furnish, 45.
COIN. »See Payment, Medium of.
whether merchandise, 272 n.
specific agreements to pay in, 270.
judgment payable in, 272.
d. against carrier, for loss of, 272.
tort for loss of gold, 272.
d. for conversion of, 492.
foreign, value of, in this country, 273, 274.
COLD, exposure of passenger to, 143 n.
loss of apples by, 164.
injury from, in riding to destination after wrongful conduct of carrier
226i.
compensation for suffering caused by, 457.
contracted by passenger, by reason of delay in transportation, 863.
of wrongful expulsion, 867.
COLLAR-BONE, excessive damages for fracture of, 1350.
INDEX 3129
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
COLLATERAL profits, 194.
undertakings, profits of excluded, 130.
agreement on sale of goods, damages for breach of, 749a,
agreement to save harmless, 791.
security, d. against bank for loss of, 819.
COLLECTION, d. against agent for, 819.
of claim, d. for failure to make, 633c.
of judgment, d. for injunction against, 685^.
of money, to what official term referred, &92d.
of note, guaranty of, 803.
COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, liability of, to exemplary d., 381.
d. against, 563.
COLLECTOR OF TAXES, d. in action against, 562.
COLLIERY, contract for sale of output of, 1076.
COLLISION, d. for injury by, 175, 196, 214.
loss of profits by, 175.
avoidable consequences of, 214.
expenses of salvage and repair, 226d.
interest allowed in case of, 317, 597a.
measure of d. for, 587 et seq.
division of loss by, 587.
in case of mutual fault, 587.
in case of inscrutable fault, 587.
in case of inevitable accident, 587.
liability of offending vessels to third parties', 588.
consequential d. for, 589.
conjectural loss by, 589, 593.
whether recoverable in excess of value, 590.
reduction of d. by, 591.
insurance paid does not reduce d. for, 591.
"one-third new for old" does not apply in case of, 592.
partial loss by, 592.
loss of earnings by, 593.
total loss by, 594.
value of vessel lost by, 595.
loss of cargo by, 596.
costs in case of, 597.
stipulations in case of, 598.
recovery on insurance policy for injury by, 718.
COLONIES, substitutes for money in, 266.
COLORADO, no exemplary d. in, at common law, 358.
constitutional provisions for taking by eminent domain in, 1123.
as to benefit in, 1136.
COLORED WOMAN, d. by, for being wrongfully placed in car, 47 n.
COLORING MATTER, d. for breach of warranty of, 766.
COLUMBIA, District of, provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
COMBINATION to raise or depress price, agreement to form, 632.
COMFORT, recovery for interference with, 929.
of home, recovery for deprivation of, by nuisance, 948.
3130 INDEX
• [References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
COMFORT— Conimwed.
of husband, recovery for loss of, in action for breach of promise of mar-
riage, 638a.
of wife, recovery by husband for loss of, 148.
COMMENCEMENT OF SUIT, whether damages allowed after, 84, 85. See
Pkospbctive Damages.
COMMERCIAL MESSAGE, d. for default in transmitting, 882 et seq., 891.
COMMISSION on business, 193o.
on orders sent in, 193a, n.
on probable future sales, 633.
on gopds manufactured, compensation by, 669.
to be added to value of cargo, 712.
due to broker for services, 834a.
compensation for loss of, by wrongful discharge, 834c.
d. for discharge of agent compensated by, 834c.
of insurance agent, on renewals, 834e.
from both parties, agent not entitled to, 834/.
of broker, not recoverable for breach of contract to convey land, 1017.
COMMISSION AGENT, recovery by, on policy of insurance, 725.
COMMISSIONER to construct drain, recovery on bond of, 692.
COMMODITIES, contract payable m, 279, 290.
COMMON, action for surcharge of, 100.
maintenance of action by tenant in, 75.
COMMON CARRIER. See Carrier.
telegraph company is not, 875.
COMMON COUNT, recovery on. See Quantum Meruit.
action on, 106.
COMMON INJURY, 1165a.
COMMON LAW differs from equity as to d., 4.
gives no remedy in case of public wrongs, 34.
for which no private remedy, 35.
unless there is particular private damage, 35.
relieves only from actual injury, 96a.
exemplary d. in, 355.
no apportionment of loss between wrong doers in, 586.
principles of, in actions for breach of contract, 604.
recovery for mesne profits in, 906.
change of, by constitution as to d. for taking by eminent domain,
1122.
d. not actionable at, whether recoverable in eminent domain, 1124.
allowance of benefits at, not matter of difficulty, 1125.
COMMUNICATION OF DISEASE, d. for, 125, 769, 927.
COMPANIONSHIP, recovery for loss of, by husband on death of wife, 578.
COMPANY, flooding of land by canal, 1108 n.
acquisition of property held by water, 1171d.
COMPASS, recovery in admiralty of expense of readjusting, 589.
COMPENSATION, for consequential d. See Consequential Damages.
prospective profits. See Consequential Damages.
recovery beyond. See Exemplary Damages.
in, reference to profits. See Profits.
INDEX 3131
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
COMPENSATION— CoJi<m«erf.
under eminent domain statutes. See Eminent Domain.
judgment given to make, 2.
in equity, 3.
Anglo-Saxon was pecuniary, 10.
amount of, defined in Anglo-Saxon law, 11.
remedy for invasion of right of, 29.
the method of redress at law, 29, 30.
is the rule in tort, 30.
principle of, adhered to even in tort whqre no aggravation, 30.
in actions on contract, 30.
consideration immaterial,, 30.
departed from in actions for breach of promise of marriage, 30 n.
in admiralty, 30 n.
in allowance of exemplary d., 30 n., 347,
amount of, is a question of law, 31.
analysis of, 37.
the elements of injury, 37.
perfect compensation impossible, 38.
aim of law, 38.
legal acceptation of, 38.
inaccurate to speak of damages as resulting in, 38.
how far term incorrectly applied, 38.
limitations of, 38.
legal, inadequate, 38.
juridical interpretation of, a very restricted one, 38.
the injuries for which compensation is given, 39.
for injuries to property, 40.
for physical pain, 41.
for impairment of physical power, 41o.
for inconvenience, 42.
for mental suffering — ^Early misconception of rule, 43.
ambiguity of the term "Mental Suffering," 43o.
physical impact theory, 436.
public policy theory, 43c.
the course of decision, 43d.
conclusion to which the course of decision points, 43e.
mental suffering alone not usually a cause of action, 43/.
no recovery for sympathetic mental suffering, 43j.
mental suffering resulting in physical harm, 43ft.
mental suffering consequent upon an independent actionable wrong,
431
mental suffering for intentional wrong, 43^.
what persons can suffer mentally, 43fc.
damages .fqr mental suffering in actions for personal injury, 44.
for tortious injury to property, 44a.
in actions of contract, 45.
in actions against pubUc service corporations, 45a.
difficulty of estimating in money no objection, 46.
mental injury must be real, 46a.
3132 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
COMPENSATION— Conimued.
kinds of mental injury compensated, 47.
for injuries to family relations, 48.
to personal liberty, 49.
to reputation and standing in society, 50.
aggravation and mitigation, 51.
matter of evidence, not of law, 52.
in tort, 44-47. See Mental Stjfpering.
in breach of promise of marriage, 45, 47.
in libel and slander, 47.
reduction of damages, 53 et seq. See Damages.
for expenditure in recovering property, 58.
recoverable by one owner, 68.
for loss of time, 180.
rule of, must not be departed from in liquidating d., 406.
a question of law, 606.
amount of, for services performed, 664.
to be made only for actual loss in actions on bonds, 675d.
due to agent for services, 834o.
of carrier, 841.
for risk of injury, 866.
meaning of, in civil law, 1031.
for good will, 1081, 1087.
special rules as to, in England, 1100.
for taking or damaging property, 1106.
in absence of constitutional provisions, 1107.
covers what d., 1108, 1109, 1110.
for detriment to landowner, 1150.
for use of track, 1150.
meaning of statute allowing "just compensation," 1150.
entry without making, 1151.
in something else than money, 1172.
based on enhanced value, 1174.
for improvements, 1176.
for private road, 1178.
for value to owner, 1081.
based on good will, 1083.
COMPETE, contract not to, 182.
COMPETITION, loss of opportunity for, 200.
profits from, 200.
agreement not to sell goods in, 632.
COMPLETION of railroad, injury after, 1151 n.
COMPOSITION OF OFFENCES, 36.
allowed only where there is a concurrent civil remedy, 36.
COMPOUND INTEREST, now allowed on legacy, 301c.
recoverable for fraud of fiduciary, 311a.
against trustee, 311c.
guardian, 3 lid.
not originally allowed, 343.
allowed by agreement, 343.
INDEX 3133
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
COMPOUND INTEREST— Continued.
by mercantile custom, 344.
for fraud, 344.
never allowed by way of damages, 345.
on arrears of stipulated interest, 345.
of annuity, 345.
on overdue coupons, 346.
COMPROMISE of public offences illegal, 36.
of private tort, 36.
verdict reached by, may be set aside as inadequate, 1368.
COMPULSORY and permissive powers, distinction between, 1089, 1111.
COMPULSORY EVICTION, d. from, 1080.
diminution in value because of, 1083.
COMPURGATORS, trial by, 16;
CONCLUSIONS, general on eminent domain in the United States, 1124.
CONCURRENT INSURANCE, 720, 725.
CONDEMNATION, city ordinance for, 1151 n.
d. for use before, 1109.
improvements on land after order for, 1151.
time of order for, 1151.
value for purpose of, llTle.
of island for boom, llTle.
of land for boat railway, 11716.
for levee purposes, 1123 n., 1149 n.
for reservoir purposes, 1171e.
used for a ferry, 1173.
of turnpike, 1173.
CONDEMNATION PROCEEDINGS, basis of right in, 11496.
past trespasses considered in, 1150.
conversion of action of trespass into, in Minnesota, 1151.
proof in, 1163.
judgment confessed in, 1109 n.
building of road without, 1165c.
CONDITION of bond, 675a, 679a.
of purchase or sale, d. for error in transmitting, 886.
of franchise, 1112a.
cost of adapting property to changed, 1164.
of property as left, 11656.
CONDITIONAL SALE, effect on amount of recovery, 497g.
CONDITIONAL VENDOR, recovery by, on fire poUcy, 725.
CONDUCT intentionally insulting d. for, 43^.
CONDUCTOR, recovery for act of, in putting passenger off at wrong place,
43j.
liquidated d. against, for taking fare from passenger, 416.
consequences of negligence of, 865.
good faith of, prevents exemplary d. for expulsion from train, 865.
CONDUIT, profits of contract to construct, 614 n.
CONFEDERATE STATES MONEY, contract payable in, 278.
standard of value, 278.
at inception of contract, 278.
3134 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONFEDERATE STATES MO^Wi— Continued.
at maturity of contract, 278.
value of consideration, 278.
CONFLAGRATION, d. for destruction of property to stay, 723o, 928.
CONFLICT OF LAWS, ch. lix.
general principles, 1373.
actions against telegraph companies, 1374.
actions on a bill or note, 1375.
as to protest for non-acceptance or non-payment, 1375.
as to re-exchange, 1375.
damages for death, 1376.
rate of interest, 1377.
interest on judgments, 1378.
presumption as to legal rate of interest, 1379.
exemplary damages, 1380.
liquidated damages, 1381.
medium of payment, 1382.
matters of procedure, 1383.
CONFORMATION of land, effect of, on cost of bridge, 1171e.
CONFUSION, d. for, 505.
CONJECTURAL probability of futuve loss, 172.
risk and danger, 1165c.
d. in patent suits must not be, 1227.
CONJECTURAL DAMAGES. See Certainty op Proof.
cannot be recovered in admiralty, 589, 593.
on statutory bond, 680.
CONJECTURAL PROFITS, cannot be recovered, 742a.
CONJECTURE, d. not reduced by, 1161.
CONNECTICUT, amount of exemplary damages recovered in, 234.
rule of d. for escape in, 554.
rule in, for d. on breach of warranty, 962.
constitutional provisions as to allowance of benefits in, 1147.
CONNECTING CARRIERS, liability of, for loss of goods, 846.
CONNECTING LINES, liability of carrier in case of, 846.
CONNECTION with new sewer, expense of making, 1166d.
CONNECTIONS, delays, inconveniences, and jolts at, 1150.
additional value due to, 1173.
CONSENT, rescission of contract by, 655e.
rescission of service by, 673.
to building of railroad, 1109.
occupation of land with, 1151 n.
laying tracks without owner's consent, 1175.
entry by, 1177.
by acquiescence, 1177.
CONSEQUENCES OF ILLEGAL ACT, when damages given for. See Conse-
quential Damages.
future, 172.
contingent', speculative, or merely possible, 172.
which might have been prevented, 1104, 1172o. See Avoidable Con-
sequences.
INDEX 3135
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]i
CONSEQUENCES OF ILLEGAL ACT— Continued.
of exposure to weather, whether recoverable, 867 et seq.
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, 110 et seq.
I. — Proximate and Remote Damages
term includes remote damages, 110.
not synonymous with remote damages, 110.
not all results of a wrongful act are compensated, 110.
direct and indirect results of a wrong, 111.
avoidable consequences distinguished. 111.
direct d. distinguished from consequential, 111.
fundamental distinctions. Ilia.
proximate and remote cause, 1116.
tests proposed for the determination of proximate cause, 111c.
time and distance, 11 Id.
probabiUty and rarity; possibiUty and impossibility, llle.
causal sequence. 111/.
causa sine qua non, 112.
the "but for which" rule, 112.
remote consequences not compensated, 113.
consequences of an act complex in nature, 114.
Scott V. Shepherd, 115.
what consequences are remote, 115a.
question of remoteness a question of fact, 116.
instances of proximate and remote consequences, 117.
cause and condition, 118.
exposure to risk: negligence concurring with cause for which defendant
is not responsible, 119.
cases against carriers 119a.
comparative exposure to risk, 119a.
anticipation of loss, 119a.
causes of divergence in the cases, 1196.
analogy in cases of deviation, 119c.
leading cases in Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania, 119(i.
confusion of authorities, 119e.
lack of privity or duty as affecting cause of action, 120.
damage supervening from a collateral cause, 120a.
proximate and remote results of statutory injuries, 1206.
Louisiana law, 121.
consequences of intermeddling with property, 121a.
II. — What Consequences Abe Proximate
direct consequence always proximate, 1216.
aggravation of pre-existing disease, 1216.
classification of cases involving remoteness, 121c.
interposition of a natural force, 121d.
loss by exposure to the weather, 122.
injury by supervening disease of accident, 123.
interposition of the act of an animal, 124.
infectious disease, 125.
defects in fences and gates, 125a.
straying cattle, 125a.
3136 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONSEQUENTIAL HAMAGW— Continued.
intervention of human agency, 126.
interposition of plaintiff, 126a.
damage resulting to feelings of the injured party, 1266.
loss through a forced sale of property, 126c.
interposition of act of a third person, 126d.
concurring negligence of third person, 126e.
loss of credit, 127.
loss of business, 127a.
loss caused by a crowd attracted, 128.
loss of employment, 129.
loss of a dependent contract, 130.
judicial or other official action, 131.
deprivation of means to an end, 132.
deprivation of property, 133.
deprivation of business premises, 134.
deprivation of machinery, 134o.
deprivation of means of protection to person or property, 135.
detention of property, 136.
loss of service, 137.
recoverable by way of aggravation, 929.
III. — Natural Consequences
meaning of the term, 138.
unnatural or unexpected consequences how far actionable, 139.
damages for unexpected consequences of a legal injury, 140.
difference between tort and breach of contract, 141.
general conclusion as to natural consequences, 142.
natural consequences in actions of tort, 143.
the rule in Hadley v. Baxendale, 144.
Griffin V. Colver, 145.
meaning of the rule in Hadley v. Baxendale, 146.
Cory p. Thames I. W. & S. B. Co., 147.
general results of Hadley v. Baxendale, 147a.
natural consequences of breach of contract, 148.
unnatural consequences of breach of contract, 149.
action against carrier of passengers, 150.
loss caused by unexpected natural causes supervening on the defendant's
act, 151.
carrier's delay in transportation of, or loss of machinery or supplies, 152.
breach of contract to supply machinery or materials for trade or manu-
facture, 153.
breach of contract to supply money, 153a.
telegraph and messenger companies, 154.
agreement to repair, 155.
loss of a sub-contract, 156.
IV. — Notice
general rule, 157. See Notice.
notice of consequences of a breach of contract, 158.
notice must form the basis of a contract, 159.
but need not be part of the contract, 160.
INDEX 3137
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.] '
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES-^Continued.
notice of a sub-contract, 161.
notice of a contemplated re-sale, 162.
notice of a sub-contract, but not of the price, 163.
notice of a special use for goods, 164.
breach of warranty of fitness for purpose, 164a.
notice of use of machinery, 165.
notice of a special use for material, 166.
notice of special use for premises, 167.
notice of special use for funds,. 168.
notice of special use for information, 169.
notice of special need for promptness, 169a.
V. — Instances in Actions Sounding in Tort
negligent blast, 117.
defect in highway or bridge 117.
abduction of slaves, 117.
pulling down fences, 117.
expulsion from labor union, 117.
false imprisonment, 117, 464.
malicious prosecution, 117.
under civil damage act, 117, 1255.
injury to animals, 125.
by or to straying animals, 125o.
by mob, 128.
expulsion from sea-wall, 135.
wrongful arrest of servant, 137.
injury to personal property, 436.
fraud, 441.
defamation, 444.
loss of service, 450.
enticing servant, 460.
conversion, 506.
loss of use of converted property, 506.
in actions of replevin, 540.
in action against oflBcer, 565c.
in case of loss in admiralty, 589.
negligence of clerk of court, 692^.
trespass to lands, 927.
injury to land, 927
flooding land, 942.
nuisance, 946, 948, 949.
VI. — Instances in Actions Sounding in Contract
general rule in actions of contract, 144 et seq. See Hadlet v. Baxendale.
false representations in sale of oil-well, 117.
sale of defective boiler, 117.
failure to guard convicts, 117.
expulsion from railroad train, 117, 865.
injury to vehicle, 117.
failure to honor draft, 126c.
breach of contract to forbear, 126c, 626.
197
3138 INDEX
[ReferenceB are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES— Continued,
breach of warranty of cable, 135.
refusal to admit to dock, 135.
breach of contracit to loan money, 622.
repudiation of contract, 636/.
breach of promise of marriage, 638c.
defective construction of building, 644.
delay in construction of building, 645.
breach of contract to repair building, 6466.
breach of contract of service, 675.
on attachment bond, 682.
on bond for injunction against taking profit from land, 685fr.
on injunction bond, 685ft.
on replevin bond, 689a.
loss on policy of marine insurance, 718.
of fire insurance, 724.
non-delivery of goods, 742.
non-acceptance of goods sold, 757.
breach of warranty of chattel, 765 et seq.
on contract of indemnity, 806.
payment of debt by surety, 806.
sale by agent without authority, 838.
failure to transport goods, 843.
loss of goods by carrier, 850.
delay in delivery by carrier, 856.
failure to transmit telegram, 879, 881.
failure to transmit cipher message, 890.
wrongful removal of telephone, 897o.
breach of real covenant, 980a.
of covenant against incumbrances, 980a.
failure to give possession of leased premises, 984, 984a.
eviction from leased premises, 988o.
fraud in procuring tenant, 990c.
breach of covenant by landlord to repair, 992.
to furnish power, 995.
abandonment of lease by tenant, 999/.
breach of covenant not to assign leased premises, 999fc.
failure to convey land, 1022.
fraud in sale of land, 1027a.
VII. — Peoceedings in Eminent Domain
misuse of term under eminent domain statutes, 1113.
distinction between meanings of term, 1113 n.
confounded with damnum absque injuria, 1113.
exclusion of,. 1122, 1170, 1182.
in opening streets, 1120.
in grading streets, 1120.
in Kentucky, 1123.
Louisiana, 1123.
Mississippi, 1123.
New York, 1131.
INDEX 3139
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES— Continued.
Pennsylvania, 1118 n., 1120.
CONSEQUENTIAL INJURY, d. include, 1101.
CONSIDERATION, not measure of d. for breach of contract, 30.
amount of, not recoverable, 606o, 609, 610.
not to be inquired into, 6066.
when inadequate, 0066.
amount of recovery, whether affected by inadequacy of, 6066.
failure of, 652.
of bill or note, when inadequate, 695.
recoverable in Massachusetts in action on note, 695.
of endorsement of bill or note, failure of, 704.
limit of recovery on rescission of contract of sale, 733a.
how proved in action on real covenant, 964.
for breach of warranty, 964.
doctrine of recoupment whether founded on failure of, 1040.
failed, may be recovered in action on note, 1050.
CONSIGNEE, recovery by, 76.
on policy of insurance, 725.
d. against, for delay in unlading vessel, 857.
CONSIGNOR, recovery by, 76.
CONSORTIUM, loss of, 48.
d. for loss of, 439j.
CONSPIRACY to injure established business, 182 n.
in restraint of trade, d. for, 3706.
CONSTABLE, intereston money collected by, 303.
bond of, 692i.
CONSTITUTION, provisions of, for taking by eminent domain in Alabama,
1122.
Arkansas, 1123.
California, 1122, 1123.
Colorado, 1123.
Georgia, 1122, 1123.
lUmois, 1121, 1122.
Iowa, 1148.
Kansas, 1148.
Kentucky, 1123.
Louisiana, 1123.
Maryland, 1148.
Mississippi, 1123.
Missouri, 1122, 1123.
Montana, 1123.
Nebraska, 1122, 1123.
New York, 1113.
Ohio, 1148.
Pennsylvania, 1120.
Rhode Island, 1145.
South Carolina, 1148.
Texas, 1122, 1123.
Virgmia, 1123.
3140 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS on eminent domain, construction of,
1106.
compensation in absence of, 1107.
CONSTITUTIONALITY of legal tender notes, 269.
CONSTITUTIONS, change of common-law rule on eminent domain by,
1122.
provisions of, as to benefits, 1131.
older, provisions of, 1106.
d. under, 1113.
new, d. under, 1118.
CONSTRUCT, profits of contract to, 614 n.
d. for breach of contract to, 633d. See Construction, Contract of.
CONSTRUCTING culvert under road, d. for, 1109 n.
CONSTRUCTION, d. for increase in cost of, by injunction, 685/.
vibration during, 1098.
negligence in, 1100.
new damage from change in, 1152.
necessary additions to, 1152.
change in plan of, 1152.
seepage after, 1164.
evidence of value of, 1302.
of canal, 1164.
taking of materials for, 1107.
of causeway, 1123 n.
of ditch, 1164.
of elevated railroad, 1121 n.
of highway, 1108 n.
of raihoad, 1110 n., 1117 n., 1121, 1165a.
of reservoir, 1164.
of sewer, 1110 n., 1119.
of street railway, 1123 n.
of subway, 1151 n.
CONSTRUCTION, CONTRACT OF, 607, 614, 616, 617, 630, 631, 633d, 633i,
ch. xxviii.
avoidable consequences of breach of, 204.
damages recoverable by builder, 642.
damages for failure to build, 643.
defective construction, 644.
delay in construction, 645.
on contract to supply machinery or power for buildings, 646.
on contract to furnish materials for building, 646(i.
on contract to repair, 6466.
building and repairing roads, 647.
building or repairing a bridge, 647a.
constructing a railroad, 6476.
other contracts of construction, 647c.
actions by or against architects, 648.
breach of contract by subcontractor, 748o.
extra work on, 655.
prevention of performance of, by Act of God, 655c.
INDEX 3141
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONSTRUCTION, CONTRACT OF— Cmtinued.
impossibility of performance of, 655c.
acceptance of imperfect performance of, 656.
substantial performance of, 656.
recovery of compensation for partial performance of, 658-^62.
recoupment on, 1067.
CONSTRUCTION OF LANGUAGE of English Land Clauses Consolidation Act,
1118.
of constitutional provisions on eminent domain, 1106.
CONSTRUCTIVE EVICTION, 956.
CONSTRUCTIVE POSSESSION, 931 n.
CONSTRUCTIVE TOTAL LOSS, 709, 711.
CONTAGION, exposure of property to, as affecting value, 265.
CONTAGIOUS DISEASE, communication of, by animals, 125.
CONTEMPLATED consequences, of failure to transmit telegram, 879.
CONTEMPLATION of loss by failure to transmit cipher message, 890.
CONTEMPLATION OF PARTIES, general rule on subject of. See Hadley v.
Baxendale.
defendant Uable for direct injury not within, 1216.
as to contracts, 144 et seq.
does not limit field of recovery, 429 n.
d. within, 146 n.
what d. are within, in case of telegram, 879, 892 n.
as to resale of land, 1005. See Natural Consequences.
CONTEMPT, no recovery of counsel fees in defence of attachment for, in action
on bond, 685i.
CONTINGENCY, compensation for services dependent upon, 670.
on which profit depends, 200.
CONTINGENT consequences, 172. See Certainty.
CONTINUANCE of performance of contract after repudiation, 636c.
of nuisance, after title passed, liability for, 959.
CONTINUING agreements, what are, 89, 636ff, 642.
prospective d. for, 87.
tort, 91, 924.
trespass to lands, 92, 924. See Entire Damages.
CONTRACT,
I. — General Principles
object of suit on, to obtain judgment awarding money, 4.
mental suffering from breach of, not recoverable, 45.
recovery of profits of, 192.
in restraint of trade, 1936.
general application of rule of, 205.
no redress for expenses of action upon, beyond taxable costs, 232.
recovery of reasonable expenses of former suit upon breach of, 240.
interest on value of property injured by breach of, 312.
interest for interfering with performance of, 312 n.
payable in installments, 412.
d. for maliciously procuring breach of, 470o.
breach of collateral, 749o.
3142 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
mNTRACyr— Continued.
taking water works by city under, 1173.
special damage for breach of, must be alleged, 1266.
entire and separate, 85, 85o, 636(7.
continuing, 89, 636ff.
prospective d. for breach of, 87, 89.
successive performances of, 84a.
new action for new breach of, 88.
divisible, partial breach of, 85.
single, 85.
where breach destroys, 90.
natural consequence of breach of, 148.
notice of consequences of breach, 158.
must form basis of contract, 159.
need not be part of contract, 160.
of proposed sub-contract, 157,
rule of avoidable consequences, application of, does not apply to primary
obligation, 218.
party not called on to violate, in avoiding consequences, 225.
duty to seek employment does not arise on every, 208.
replacement after breach of, not a duty, 2286.
offer of performance after breach of, 53.
suit against carrier may be framed to sound in, 840.
action may be brought for breach of, in protecting passenger, 859.
action on, by sender of telegram, 877,
patent a species of, 1213.
performance of, prevented by defendant, 636d.
deviation from, 655.
effect of cancellation in accordance with terms, 655(i.
performance of, prevented by act of God, 655c.
by law, 655c.
by death, 655c.
acceptance of work not according to, 656, 659.
substantial performance of, 657.
recovery on, where plaintiff is in default, 658 et seq.
terminated by mutual consent, 664 n.
recoupment in actions upon, 1070.
for hire of chattels, 1063.
for lack ai skill in, 1036, 1067.
II. — Actions of
various forms of, 600.
actions upon, 600.
distinction between tort and contract, 601.
distinction not destroyed by new system of pleading, 602.
breach of through duress, fraud, or oppression, 602.
motive not considered: exemplary damages, 603.
common-law principles in oases of contract, 604.
actual loss necessary for recovery on, 604.
furnishes measure of d. for its breach, 604
vague discretion of jury formerly, 605.
INDEX 3143
[References are to sections, d. means damage; w. means note.]
CONTRACT— Continued.
compensation now a question of law, 606.
amomit of the consideration not recoverable, 606a.
consideration of, not to be inquired into, 6066.
inadequacy of consideration, 6066,
imconscionable agreements, 606c.
benefit of, what is, 609.
III. — Waiver op Performance and Repudiation
express waiver by acceptance of partial performance, 636.
repudiation of, 636a.
performable in installments, 6366.
continuance of performance after repudiation, 636c.
anticipatory breach: damages upon breach before time for performance,
636d.
damages affected by fluctuations in the market, 636e.
avoidance of loss by making forward contracts, 636/.
IV. — Prospective Damages
entire and divisible contracts, 636g.
contract to repair, 636A.
to support, 636i.
fluctuations in value during contract: Masterton v. The Mayor,
636i.
Goodrich v. Hubbard, 636fc.
probable future expense of performing, 636i.
general conclusions, 636m.
mutual covenants, 636n.
V. — Measure op Damages in Actions upon
measure of d. in general, 30, 30 n., 144.
under codes, 28a.
consideration does not furnish, 30.
nominal d. without actual loss for breach of, 98, 105, 106, lfl7a, 610.
exemplary d. not recoverable, 370, 603.
preparations to perform, 607.
expense of removal, 607a.
stock of goods purchased on faith of lease or conveyance, 6076.
reduction of damages — Rule of avoidable consequences, 608.
general principles of recovery, 609.
executed contracts, 611.
entire contract price recoverable in some cases, 612.
readiness to perform or tender of performance, 612a.
settlement of amount due on contract prevented by defendant,
, 6126.
recovery of the profits of, 613.
contracts in which a contract price ia fixed: plaintiff to perform an act,
614.
cost of partial performance, 615.
cost of partial performance where no profits proved: doctrine of United
States V. Behan, 616.
contracts in which a contract price is fixed: plaintiff to deliver property,
617.
3144 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONTRACT— Continued.
contracts in which a contract price is fixed : defendant to perform an act
or deliver property, 618.
cost of substituted performance useless to plaintiff, 619.
performance deficient in quantity or quality, 620.
contracts in which no contract price is fixed, 621.
VI. — Rules or Damages in Particulak Cases
agreements to loan money, 622.
for settlement or security of a debt, 622a.
to pay money, 6226.
to make a contract, 622c.
to insure, or to assign a policy of insurance, 623.
to work a farm on shares, 624.
to share the profits of a business, 625.
for forbearance, 626.
actions against stockholders, 627.
to buy, sell or transfer stock, 627o.
by assignees of bankrupts, 628.
agreements for arbitration and award, 629.
to construct stations, etc., 630.
to build fences, walls, etc., 631.
negative agreements, 631a.
not to engage in business, 632.
for exclusive agency, 633.
to support, 633o.
of baihnent, 6336.
to collect a claim, 633c.
to expend labor on property, 633d.
to furnish water for irrigation, 633e.
to take or furnish advertising, 633/.
assignments of judgment, 634.
alternative contracts, 281, 421 et seq., 635.
forward, see forward contracts of construction. See Contract of Con-
struction.
to convey land. See Land.
of indemnity. See Indemnity.
implied. See Implied Contract.
of insurance. See Insurance.
of service, 208, 607, 1064 et seq. See Service, Contract op.
to marry. See Breach op Promise op Marriage.
for sale of goods. See Sale.
VII. — ^RuLE OP Damages por Breach op Particular Contracts.
a. To supply, provide or furnish:
materials and labor, 30.
stateroom, 4Sa.
money, 153a, 607 n.
iron work for building, 166.
freight, 211, 858.
cargo, 608, 612.
goods, 2126.
INDEX 3145
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONTRACT— Coreimwed.
fuel, 607 n.
power, 608, 646, 995.
heat, 995.
pasture, 608.
advertisements, 608.
board and lodging, 614 n.
ice, 614 n.
stone, 617.
crop, 617.
advertising space, 618 n.
machine, 618 n.
monument, 618 n.
water, 618 n., 620 n.
for irrigation, 633(2.
for making ice, 999.
stock in corporation, 619.
mill, 620 n.
boiler, 620 n.
security, 622a.
machinery, 646.
materials for building, 646a.
for fencing, 999.
cars, 999.
6. To construct or build:
in general, 633d.
building, 607, 614, 616, 617, 618 n., 620 n., 625, 633d, 645, 657.
house, 615 n., 618 n., 621.
station, 194, 620 n., 630.
raiboad, 607, 614 n., 615 n., 620 n., 6476.
to mill, 607 n.
to certain place, 630.
street, 416.
sidewalk, 615 n., 620 n.
road, 614 n., 618 n.
bridge, 614 n., 615 n., 647a.
vessel, 614 n.
tunnel or conduit, 614 n.
mommient, 614 n.
vat, 614 n.
waterworks, 608, 615 n., 618 n.
dam, 620 n.
fences, walls, etc., 631.
wall, 647c, n.
pier, 647c, n.
cement walk, 647c, n.
canal, 655.
c. To repair:
in general, 155, 209, 210, 240, 614 n., 633d, 636A.,
street, 620 n.
314C INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONTRACT— Cowimued.
house, 633d.
gate or switch, 636fe.
bridge, 6361.
building, 6466.
drain, 647c, n.
d. To do work on or about land:
in general, 614 n,
secure right of way, 240, 1017.
drill well, 200.
for oil or gas, 614 n, 618 n.
dig well, 618 n., 647c, n.
bore oil-well or pay money, 424.
sink oil-well, 607, 619.
drive well, 616 n.
mine, 607 n., 614 n.
harvest grain, 607 n.
move hotel, 608.
buildings, 615 n.
clear a field, 608.
land, 614 n., 618 n.
drive piles, 608.
quarry, 612.
grade lawn, 614 n.
land, 618 n., 619.
street, 618 n.
plant trees, 614 n.
cultivate trees, 620 n.
plant vines, 620 n.
remove rock or clay, 614 n.
pave, 614 n.
excavate, 618 n.
pasture cattle, 620 n.
irrigate, 620 n.
work farm on shares, 624.
keep free from brush and burrs, 999fc.
leave wheat growing, 999i:.
not to pasture cattle on wet land, 999fc.
not to commit waste, 395.
e. To do work:
in general, 2126, 614 n., 618.
paint automobile, 226^.
install elevator, 607 n.
test patent, 607 n.
saw timber, 607 n., 608, 614 n., 620 n.
cut and haul timber, 607 n., 614 n., 615 n., 620 n., 636fc.
carry on litigation, 607 n.
transport horses, 612a.
on buildings, 614 n.
press clothing, 614 n.
INDEX 3147
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONTRACT— CoTCimwed.
engrave bond, 614 n.
do iron work, 614 n.
haul goods, 614 n.
print, 614 «.
poster, 618 n,
expend labor on property, 615.
publish book, 618 n.
teach, 618 n.
carry coal, 618 n.
roof building, 620 n.
plaster building, 620 n.
dye cloth, 620 n.
ribbons, 620 n.
skins, 6336, n.
make ice, 620 n.
store fruit, 620 w.
maintain crossings, 620 n.
clean cloth, 6336, n.
collect debt, 633c.
transport, 6Q2, 633d, 1068. See Carhier.
/. To manufacture:
in general, 608, 615, 633d.
barb wire, 608.
steel rails, 608.
machine, 615 n.
g. To lease, convey or sell:
lease house, 42.
well, 607 n.
land, 6076, 618 n.
farm, 608.
sell land, 301&.
liability of unauthorized agent on, 835.
property, 618.
convey land, 6076, 1008, 1011.
house, 621.
exchange property, 621.
land for services, 1020.
deliver crop, 636m.
chattels in future, 758. See Land, Contract fob Sale op. Sale op
Goods.
h. To pay:
in gold, 270.
in foreign cuirency, 273.
in commodities, 279, 280.
in bank-notes, 281.
in stock, 611.
money interest for failure to, 288.
interest, 288.
draft or return it, 422.
3148 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONTRACT— Coniinued.
debt, 6226, 786, 788, 789, 790.
in instalments, 6863.
calls on stock, 627.
rent due from another, 789.
taxes and assessments, 789, 999fc.
firm debts, 789.
mortgage, 789, 806.
i. To employ and pay agents and servants:
for compensation of agent, 193a.
to serve as overseer, 205.
to give exclusive territory, 607, 632, 633.
agency, 633.
to employ servant, 607, 607o.
teacher, 607 n.
agent, 607 n.
architect, 612 n.
j. To support:
in general, 89, 90, 393 n., 397, 415, 633a, 636t.
to care for during life, 616.
k. Business agreements:
not to engage in business, 89, 182, 400, 408, 418, 632.
for a share in business, 192, 193.
for profits of business, 193.
to enter into partnership, 193, 607 n., 615 n.
to establish business, 194, 620 n.
to enter a "pool," 200.
not to use union label or employ union men, 415, 416.
not to run coach, 418.
manage hotel on shares, 625 n.
not to sell goods in competition, 632.
not to practice profession, 632.
not to manufacture, 632.
to keep up price of goods, 749a.
I. To insure:
in general, 623.
property of plaintiff, 205.
to assign or keep valid policy, 623.
to issue poUcy, 727.
paid-up life poUcy, 730.
m. To indemnify:
from debt, 788.
from liability, 788.
of indemnity between lessee and sub-lessee, 1000.
in case of failure of title to land, 1008.
n. Miscellaneous agreements:
to withdraw suit, 126c.
to establish railroad station, 194.
to submit to arbitration, 240.
to refrain from intoxicating liquors, 415.
INDEX 3149
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONTRACT— Continued.
to return draft, 422.
to replace stock, 508.
to hold for rise in market, 524.
not to do any act to avoid insurance policy, 603 n.
to give legacy, 606o.
to maintain factory, 606a.
to submit to arbitration, 607, 625, 629.
to employ for construction of railroad, 607.
to remove, 607o.
to occupy room, 612.
to advertise, 612, 618 n.
to become surety, 618 n.
to loan money, 622.
to make contract, 622c.
to give note, 622c.
to forbear, 626.
to subscribe for stock, 627.
not to discharge judgment assigned, 634.
to take manufactured goods, 752.
to bid off property, 789. .
to fix rate of freight, 858.
to send telegram, 874.
with Umited liability, 876. See Tbleghaph.
not to sell straw from leased farm, 999fc.
of marriage. See Breach op Promise or Marriage.
CONTRACT PRICE, standard of value of the contract, 614.
CONTRACT RIGHT, to advertise in theatre, 1097.
to furnish cloak-rooms in theatre, 1097.
to sink shafts in land for minerals, 1097.
to supply refreshments, 1097.
CONTRACTOR, delay in completing building by, need not be anticipated,
224.
d. on bond given by, 679?>.
CONTRIBUTION, between co-trustees, 36o, n.
co-suretjns, interest on, 304.
sureties on bond, 681a.
sureties on cumulative bonds, 692c.
interests, on marine policy, 717.
to general average, 717.
between insurance companies, 725.
action by co-surety ,for, 807.
right to, between co-sureties, 807
amount of, 807a.
amount of, reduced by indemnity or security, 808a.
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE distinguished from avoidable consequences,
203.
in action for death, 585.
whether a defence in action for death, 585.
in collisions, 587.
3150 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE— Continued.
in torts in admiralty, 599.
CONVENIENCE, personal, infringement of, 1123.
CONVERSION, oh. xxi.
liability of parties in joint action for, 36a.
d. for, not reduced by offer to return, 53.
when offer of reparation may reduce d. in, 53.
bringing property into court, 54.
d. for, reduced by acceptance of property from defendant, 55, 565.
d. reduced by acceptance from a third party, 57.
d. reduced by recovery of property, 58.
duty to replace property converted, 214.
of goods, avoidable consequence of, 214.
no requirement to take back property after, 218.
expense of attempt to follow property, 226o, n.
expense of following property recoverable, 226c.
expense of following property after, 226c.
of property, recovery of money paid to get back, 226c.
of money, interest as d. for, 303.
recovery of interest, 317.
of property, interest in action for, 317.
exemplary d. for, 374.
forms of action for, 492.
d. for, 492-506.
the modem action for, 492a.
by demand and refusal, 492&.
general rule in case of, 493.
measure of d. for, 493.
elasticity of rule of d., 493a.
reduction of d. for, 493a, 494.
of certificate of stock, 494.
by temporary wrongful use, 494.
by sale on void execution, 494.
return of property and acceptance, 494a.
by order of court, 494b.
property bought back by owner, 494c.
value, how determined, 495.
value, where to be estimated, 496.
value, when to be estimated, 497.
result of following the property, 497a.
recovery by owner of a limited interest, 4976.
of pledged property; action by pledgoi?, 497c.
action by pledgee, 497d.
of mortgaged property; action by mortgagor, 497e.
action by mortgagee, 497/.
of property sold conditionally, 497ff.
natural increase, 498.
property increased in value by the defendant, 499.
severance, from the freehold, 500.
the rule in England, 501,
INDEX 3151
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CONVERSION— Coreimued.
technical rule followed in some jurisdictions, 602.
defendant generally allowed value of his labor, 603.
damages recoverable from purchaser, 504.
of logs, 499.
of coal by wrongfully mining, 501-503.
of growing crops, 502.
of trees by wrongfully cutting, 502, 504.
, by confusion, 505.
consequential d. for, 506.
loss of use of property, 506.
loss of sub-contract, 506.
of property of fluctuating value, 507, 509, 514, 517, 519.
of pledged stock, 509, 521.
of stream into sewer, 1149 n.
of action of trespass into condemnation proceeding, in Minnesota,
1151.
verdict for, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
CONVERTED property, bringing into court of, 54.
no obligation to receive, 63.
CONVEY, offer of tender of deed after breach of contract to, 53.
breach of contract to, 89.
d. on covenant of right to, 966.
CONVEYANCE, whether necessary to procure on failure to carry, 212.
reasonableness of procuring by passenger wrongfully ejected, 226??i.
fraud in procuring, 439d.
d. for breach of contract to make, 6076.
recovery by passenger of expense of, 864.
whether passenger should obtain on wrongful expulsion from train,
872
effect of, on recovery of damages for taking by Eminent Domain,
1154c.
from mortgagor in possession, entry under, 1175.
CONVEYANCE OF LAND, agreement for, d. recoverable to date of writ, 89.
liquidated d., 400, 403, 410, 417.
covenants in. See Real Covenants.
CONVEYANCER, action against, for negligence in examining title, 831.
CONVICTION, recovery for risk of, in malicious prosecution, 458.
CONVICTS, leased to defendant, agreement to keep guard, 149.
CO-OWNERS, recovery between, 936.
COPYRIGHT, d. for violation of, 12466.
CORN, early substitute for money in Massachusetts, 266.
d. for non-delivery of, 735.
d. for failure to transport, 843.
CORN CROP, nearly mature, 191n.
CORNER, effect of, on market value, 249.
CORPORATE bond, value of, 257.
CORPORATION, incapable of mental suffering, 43k.
value of stock in, 257,
3152 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CORPORATION— CoTriiraued.
exemplary d. against, 379, 380.
liability of, to exemplary d., 379, 380.
action against stockholders for subscription to stock in, 627.
injmiction against removing property of, 685r.
bond of officer of, 694.
liability of directors of, 830.
CORPSK, delay in transportation of, 45.
recovery for mental suffering caused by lack of agreed care of, 45.
consequences of delay in delivering, 856a.
CORRUPTION, exemplary d. for, 367.
verdict set aside for, 1326.
ground for setting aside verdict for exemplary d., 388.
COST of transportation, whether included in value of goods, 246, 247, 739.
of production does not measure value, 495.
of part performance, recovery of, 615.
of substitutes useless performance, 619.
of remedying breach of contract, when recoverable, 620.
of doing work, increase by injunction, 685d.
of construction, d. for increase of, by injunction, 685/.
of building, evidence of, admissible, 722.
of manufacture, recoverable for breach of contract to receive goods,
752.
of goods, immaterial in action for injury, 852.
of removing personal property, 1123.
of operating gates, 1152o.
of substituting steam for water power, 1164.
of keeping cattle out, 1164.
of fencing, 1164.
of adapting property to changed conditions, 1164.
of insurance, increased, 1166.
of building fence in Iowa, 1167 n..
of reproduction, 1168.
of replacement, 1171(i.
of improvement, evidence of, 1171e.
of bridge, effect of confirmation of land on, 1171j.
of replacement, 11720.
of reinstatement, 1172a.
as evidence of value, 1296.
COSTS, nominal damages mere peg for, 96.
nominal d. do not generally carry, 108.
unless title to land involved, 108.
importance of nominal d. arises from affecting, 108.
of another action to retain property, 226c.
recovery of collateral, 226c.
awarded to successful party, 229.
only recoverable so far as taxable, 229.
fixed as limit of recovery on account of expenses, 230.
of prior suit, 236 et seq. See Expenses op Litiqation.
interest on, 334, 334a.
INDEX 3153
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
COSTS— CoTdinued.
of former action, recoverable in action for false imprisonment, 463.
in replevin, 642.
in admiralty, 597.
on stipulation, 598.
may be recovered in addition to damages on bond, 677.
recoverable on bond to indemnify sheriff, 684a.
included in judgment, recoverable on injunction bond, 685(?.
on poor debtor's bond, 686.
on appeal, recoverable on bond, 688.
in replevin suit, recoverable on bond, 689a.
of protest and re-exchange, 701.
of prior suit on bill or note, 705.
of prior suit, recovery of, against endorser, 705.
on breach of warranty of chattels, 773.
indemnity against, 795.
liability of principal for, 803.
of surety for, 803, 805.
of co-surety for, 808.
of Utigation, recoverable against co-surety, 808.
recovery of, by principal against agent, 818, 819.
■ by agent against sub-agent, 833.
of ejectment suit recoverable in action for mesne profits, 920.
liability for, as between lessee and sub-lessee, 1000.
discretion of court as to, in case of payment after suit, 1074.
of fencing, 1163.
and expenses of landowner, II660.
tor defending against proceeding, II660.
whether allowed by jury, 1282.
by what law allowed, 1383.
CO-SURETY, action by, for contribution, 807.
CO-SURETIES, interest on amount contributed by, 304.
contribution between, 807.
recovery of expenses of litigation by, 808.
CO-TENANT, interest on money recovered by, 304.
Uability of, to mesne profits, 906, 913.
CO-TRUSTEES, contribution between, 36a, n.
COTTON, to enable plaintiff to work his mill, 166.
value of immature crop, 191rs.
offer to buy, 208a.
contract for payment in, 279&.
d. for sale of, below authorized price, 822.
d. against carrier for misdelivery of, 853.
loss of sale of, through failure to transmit telegram, 883.
d. for error in transmitting telegram for purchase of, 884.
COTTON SEED, for feeding cattle, 152n.
damages for refusal to receive, f52.
COTTON WORM, warranty to kill, 191.
COUNSEL, mistake of, 84.
advice of, shown in mitigation of exemplary d., 3836.
198
3154 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
COUNSEL— Continued
of d. for malicious prosecution, 460.
of d, for false imprisonment, 466.
of husband, recovery by wife for loss of, 578.
COUNSEL FEES. See Expenses op Litigation.
not usually recoverable, 229.
avoidable by statute, 229.
in Massachusetts, 229.
supposed to be included in costs, 230.
not usually allowed even as exemplary d., 233.
sometimes allowed for malicious tort, 234.
not allowed now in patent cases, 235.
recovery of, in admiralty, 235.
not in admiralty, 235.
recovery of, in patent suits, 235.
where recoverable if not actually paid, 236.
liability for, is enough without actual payment, 236, 463.
effect of notice of prior suit, 236.
should be allowed where plaintiff has defended a suit for defendant's
benefit, 236.
and so held where such prior suit was advisable, 236.
not for general expense of litigation of principal suit, 237.
paid for dissolution of injunction or discharging attachment, 237.
See Expenses of Litigation, 237.
in actions on injunction and attachment bonds, 237.
in action for breach of covenants of seizin and warranty, 238.
and expenses reasonable, 239.
of malicious prosecution or false imprisonment, 241, 463.
in case of false representation of warranty, 241.
allowed in a case of refusal to place a judgment on a tax list, 241.
whether recoverable in actions for defamation, 444.
recovery for, in action for malicious prosecution, 459.
on sequestration bond, 541.
in replevin, 542 n.
on contract to submit to arbitration, 629.
on statutory bond, 680.
how far recoverable on attachment bond, 682a.
on forthcoming bond, 684.
incurred on account of injunction, 685j et seq.
on contempt proceedings, not recoverable, 685i.
for resisting motion for temporary injunction, 685fc.
for resisting motion for entire litigation, 685fc.
recoverable on bond, must be reasonable, 685m.
to secure discharge from arrest, recoverable on bond, 686a.
on appeal, recoverable on appeal bond, 688.
in action on replevin bond, 689.
in replevin suit, recoverable on bond, 689o.
recovery of, on detinue bond, 691c.
on bond to contest claim of exemptions, 691d.
whether recoverable on sequestration bond, 691d,
INDEX 3156
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.J
COUNSEL FEES— Coniinwed.
when recoverable on bond to sell real estate, 692j.
on note, 695c.
recovery of, against endorser, 705.
recovery of, on contract of indemnity, 803.
for breach of agreement to satisfy mortgage, 806.
on indemnity bond, 806.
recoverable against co-surety, 807c.
liability of principal to agent for, 834.
not recoverable in action for injury to passenger, 860.
in ejectment suit, whether recoverable in action for mesne profits,
920.
recoverable in action on real covenant, 983.
whether recoverable in action for fraud in sale of land, 1027f7,
not allowed in patent suits, 1246.
COUNTERCLAIM, interest on balance, 3146.
reduction of d. by, 1030.
may be for unliquidated damages, 1031.
statutory right of, 1039.
COUNTERMAND, of agreement to purchase, 758.
of manufacture of goods, 758.
of purchase or sale of goods, 758.
COUNTRY church taken, 11716.
COUNTS, effect on d. of bad, 1276, 1278.
joinder of good and bad, 1276.
bad in part, 1278.
in slander, 1278.
COUNTY, interest in action against, 337.
bridge, erection of, 1120.
COUNTY CLERK, d. against, for negligence, 560.
d. in action against, 560.
COUNTY OFFICERS, bonds of, 693.
COUNTY TREASURER, d. against, for negligence, 560.
d. in action against, 561.
no recovery on bond of, for collection of school funds, 692a.
COUPONS, interest on, 337 n., 346.
COURSE of river, change in, 1120.
COURT, may amend record by allowing nominal d., 109.
power of, as to avoidable consequences, 228.
expense of time in attending, 229 n.
deposit of fund in, as interrupting interest, 341.
power of, in awarding exemplary d., 387.
may set aside verdict if excessive, 388.
order by, for return of property converted, 4946.
may order physical examination, 1309.
former power over verdict, 1316.
decides all questions of law, 1317. '
present separation of functions, 1317.
rule modified by statute, 1317.
whether intermediate can grant remittitur, 1330.
3156 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
COURT— Continued.
action of appellate, on excessive verdict, 1332.
power of, to set aside verdict if excessive, 1325.
clerk of. See Clerk op Couet.
COURT AND JURY, 1311-1327.
functions of, in determining avoidable consequences, 228.
relative power of judge and jury, 1311.
analogies of Roman jurisprudence, 1312.
formulae, 1313.
changes wrought by the Empire, 1314.
origin and development of the Anglo-Saxon udicial procedure, 1315.
former indefinite separation between province of court and of jury,
1316.
present separation of functions, 1317.
exemplary damages — aggravation and mitigation, 1318.
double and treble damages, 1318a.
modifications — setting aside verdict, 1319.
instructions on questions of damages, 1320.
effect of erroneous instructions, 1321.
power of jury to act without evidence of damages, 1322.
wrong measure of damages adopted by jury, 1323.
modes of computing damaget allowed the jury, 1324.
COURT OF EQUITY, 3.
power to award damages, 12566.
COURTESY, tenant by, recovery by« on fire policy, 725.
liable for waste, in New York, 950.
in elevated railway cases, 1201.
COURTS of Anglo-Saxons, 12.
Roman, 18.
modem, 18.
may set aside verdicts as inadequate, 1368.
COVENANT, object of action on, to obtain money judgment, 4.
d. accruing subsequently to suit, 84.
by trustee of wife, 87.
action of, 106, 389.
expense of litigation on, 238.
mutual, 636m.
in bond, 679.
costs on, between lessee and sub-lessee, 1000.
recoupment for breach of, 1057.
embankment on land subject to, 1097.
not to manufacture, 30.
to make partition, 1019.
of indemnity, litigation expenses for breach of, 238. See Indemnity.
real. See Real Covenant.
COVENANTS IN LEASES, 984 et seq.
to repair, 98, 226.
by landlord, 991.
INDEX 3157
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
COVENANTS IN LEASES— Continued.
by tenant, 999ft.
expense of avoiding consequences from breach of, must be reason-
able, 226i.
to maintain fence, 973.
for quiet enjoyment, 985, 986.
value of term and expenses recoverable, 987.
conjectural profits not recoverable, 987.
consequential d., 992.
to make improvements, 993.
to rebuild by landlord, 994.
to heat premises, 995.
to furnish heat or power, 995.
to renew, 996.
to pay for improvements, 997.
to submit valuation of improvements to arbitration, 997.
to allow removal of buildings, fixtures, etc., 998.
to sell at agreed price, 999.
to pay value of improvements, 999.
to insure, 999j.
to surrender possession, 999j.
not to assign or underlet, 999fc.
to allow sign to be placed on leased premises, 999A;.
recoupment for breach of, 1057.
COVENANTS OF TITLE, recovery of expense of Utigation on breach of,
148.
against incumbrances. See Incumbrances.
to discharge incumbrance, liquidated d. on, 416.
for quiet enjoyment, avoidable consequences of breach of, 218.
recovery of litigation expense upon breach of, 238.
of seizin, recovery of Utigation expenses on breach of, 238. See
Seizin.
of warranty, expense of perfecting title recoverable on breach, 226e.
recovery of Utigation expenses upon breach of, 238.
when notice of prior suit is required, 239. See Wakranty op Land.
COW, d. for breach of warranty of, 762.
CREDIT, loss of, through wrongful attachment, whether remote, 127, 153o, 467,
806.
interest from expiration of, 308.
d. for misrepresentation of, 439/, 441.
d. for loss of, in malicious prosecution, 459.
in action for maUcious prosecution of civil suit, 468
by attachment on land, 682.
on failure to accept draft, 707.
on attachment bond, 682, 683.
sale on, 756.
CREDITOR, recovery by, for property fraudulently transferred, 83o.
interest payable by assignees for, 311o.
laches or fault of, as barring interest, 340.
death of, does not bar interest, 340a.
3158 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; w. means note.]
CREDITOR— Con^iriMed.
breach of contract by, to forbear, 626.
insurance by, of life of debtor, 729.
CREW, expense of retaining in admiralty, 589.
recovery for expenses of, on marine policy, 714.
CRIME, composition for, not permitted, 36.
party not called on to commit, in avoiding consequences, 225.
exemplary d. for injury which is, 386.
conviction of, does not mitigate d. for personal injury, 489
CRIMINAL CONVERSATION, exemplary d. for, 376.
d. for, 478-480.
aggravation of d. for, by wealth of defendant, 479.
mitigation of, by ill-treatment of wife, 480.
by bad character of husband or wife, 480.
verdict for, may be set aside as excessive, 1328.
CRIMINAL CONVICTION, no mitigation of d. because of, in action for per-
sonal injury, 489.
CRIPPLE, excessive damages for causing one to become, 1355.
CRITICISM, of English rule on eminent domam, 1122.
CROP, agreement to deliver for several years, 636m.
avoidable consequences of injury threatening loss of, 201, 202, 221.
care requisite in avoiding loss of, from failure to provide cattle guard,
221a.
certainty of raising futures, 184, 185.
compensation by share of, 669.
conversion of, by landlord, 1069.
d. to, 1164.
d. for breach of contract to supply, 617.
for wrongfully harvesting, 9356.
on injunction bond for preventing harvesting of, 6856.
for loss of, 685c.
for loss of, pending injunction, 685A, n.
for non-delivery of, 735.
for injury to, by illegal entry of landlord, 9906.
for destruction of, 937, 942, 1175.
for lack of fence, 214c.
by failure to erect cattle-guards, 2266.
by breach of warranty of pans green, 766.
by flooding of land, 942.
in eminent domain, proceedings, 1154a, n.
exemplary d. for destruction of, 377o, n.
expense of saving from injury, 226d.
injury to, 117, 191, 910, 1175.
by obstruction of road, 215.
by leaving gate open, 223.
in action for mesne profits, 910.
by non-repair of fence, 992.
lease of farm for share of, 989.
loss of, 184, 191, 205, 927.
INDEX 3169
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CROP— Continued.
by enticement of servants, 469.
by failure to supply water, 633e.
by reason of lack of labor, 685i.
on breach of warranty of a machine, 767.
on breach of warranty of seed, 768.
recoupment for removal of, by grantor of land, 1055,
for d. to, by landlord's cattle, 1058.
recovery by tenant for d. to, 164.
for value of, on eviction from premises, 988.
value of, 243, 633e.
on injunction bond, 685a.
on eviction, 989.
of annual, 937.
of future, 184, 185, 624.
of growing, 434, 937.
of permanent, 937a.
yield of, 1149 n.
CROPPING AGREEMENT, 989.
CROSS ACTION, set-off is, in substance, 1031.
distinction between recoupment and, 1048.
CROSS CLAIM, reduction of d. by, 1030.
CROSS TIES, contract to manufacture, 208 n.
CROSSING, 1167.
danger of, 1164.
inconvenience of, 1165.
risk from, 1165c.
farm, 1167.
failure to build, 1167 n.
gate or tower, 1152o.
proximity to private road, 1078.
railroad, change of grade of, 1151 n.
system, cost of maintaining, whether recoverable in eminent domain,
1152a.
CROWD, loss by, 128.
CUBA, d. under code of, 28a, n.
CULM, compensation for taking, 1149 n., 1166c.
CULVERT through railway embankment, 95.
under road, 1109 n.
CUMULATIVE bonds, liability on, 692c
real covenants are, 953.
CURE, expense of attempted, 226/.
of successful, 226/.
in action for sale of diseased animal, 769, 772.
of animal, expense of, 435, 438.
expense of, incurred after suit brought, 86a.
CURIOSITY, recovery for being made object of, 47.
CURRENCY, depreciation of, 268. See Payment, Medium of.
foreign, payment in, 273, 274.
3160 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
CURRENCY— Contowed.
of Confederate States, agreements payable in, 278.
CURRENT of river, change of, 1109 n.
CUSTODY, value of, measure of d. for escape, 553, 554.
of child, expense of suit for, not recoverable, 2416.
CUSTOM, d. for loss of, 127, 164a, 1095, 1120.
d. for loss of, by nuisance, 948.
of public iiouse, diminution of, 1105.
interest on accounts by, 311.
compound interest by, 344.
may fix rate of compensation for services of agent, 834a.
of corporation, as justifying exemplary d., 380a.
of paying gross freight, on open policy, 712.
CUSTOMHOUSE BROKER, 832a.
CUSTOMERS, loss of, whether remote, 540.
CUSTOMS, UabiUty of collector of, 563.
rebate of, 852.
CUTTING, appropriation of, abandoned, 1150.
benefit of, to taker, 1150.
and filling land, 1150.
down abutting street, 1123.
sidewalk, 1149 n.
off access, 1116 n., 1120, 1123 n.
percolating water, 1120 n.
water, 1164.
from railroad frontage, 11656.
trees, 1171c.
DAIRY, profits in proportion to number of cows, 184re.
DAIRY FARM, lease of, 209.
DAKOTA, law of, as to higher intermediate value, 517a.
DAM, breach of agreement to loan money to build, 622 n.
of contract to build, 620 n.
d. for injunction against repair of, 685/.
d. from and relating to, 940, 946.
failure of easement to erect and maintain, 975.
owner of, may recover compensation in eminent domain proceedings
where land is taken, 1154o.
private, 93.
site for, 11716.
taking of land for, 1162.
and reservoir, 1162.
DAMAGE, annoyance to business, as element of, 1165.
taking possession without assessment of, 1151 n.
by ashes, 1121, 1165a.
by cinders, 1121, 1123 n., 1151, 1165a, 1165a, n.
by closing of street, 1123.
by construction of railroads, 1121, 1149 n., 1165a.
by dust, 1123 n., 1165a.
INDEX 3161
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DAMAGE— Conimwed.
by elevated railroad, 1165a.
by noise, 1123 n., 1165a.
by operation of railroads, 1121, 1165o.
by smoke, 1121, 1123 n., 1151, 1165a, 1165o, n.
by soot, 1123 n., 1165a, 1165a, n.
by telephone wires, 1167, n. 101.
by vibration, 1121, 1123 n., 1165a, 1165a, n.
caused by user, 1102.
clear, 1283.
obsolete judgment of, 1283.
continuing, 88.
extent of, uncertain in nature, 1076.
evidence as to elements of, 1149.
family occupations as element of, 1165.
fire as element of, 1165.
for operation of railroad, in Utah, 1123.
for use before condemnation, 1109.
general and special, distinction between, 1123 n., 98.
limit of time for claim of, under statute, 1151 n.
meaning of, in Texas constitution, 1123.
new, from change in construction, 1152.
noise as element of, 1165.
not actionable at common law, 1123.
obstructions of view as element of, 1165.
or injury to property, compensation for, 1106.
particular, from nuisance, 35.
prospective, 1149.
recovery of minimum amount of, 171.
smoke as element of, 1165.
soot as element of, 1165.
sparks as element of, 1165.
special, 1076, 1105, 1165a.
in Illinois, 1121.
speculative, 1123a.
structural, 1092.
subsequently arising, 1082.
to access, 1095, 1149 n., 1165a, n.
to adjacent land, 1112a, n. 42.
to ancient lights, 1103.
to buildings, structural, 1096.
to dippers by deprivation of gratuity, 100.
to good will, 1094.
to land not taken, 1123 n., 1151.
to output, 1116.
to personal property, 1123, 1169.
to property, under Virginia constitution, 1123.
to switching yard, 1121, n. 84.
to trade, 1094.
unauthorized redress of property owner for, 1110.
3162 INDEX
. [References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DAMAGE — Continued.
under old constitutions, 1113. See Opinion.
DAMAGE FEASANT, 945.
"DAMAGED," meaning of, in Illinois, 1121.
in South Dakota, 1123.
in Washington, 1123.
in West Virginia, 1123.
DAMAGES or "injured" property, 1118.
See Contract, Tort, &c.
I. — Damages Under Other Systems op Law
Jewish law, 20.
Hindoo law, 21.
Koman law, 22.
how awarded under Roman law, 23.
arbitrary rule of reparation under Roman law, 24.
civil law, 25.
dommages-inUrits indefinite, 26.
limited only by the discretion of the judge, 27.
methods of avoiding injustice in the systems considered, 28.
damages under modern codes, 28a.
II. — History of Damages in Our Law
our law of damages originated with the Anglo-Saxons, 7.
d. under Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence, 8.
d. in Anglo-Saxon law compensatory, 9.
Anglo-Saxon compensation pecuniary, 10.
amount of compensation carefully defined, 11.
Anglo-Saxon judiciary, 12.
later modes of trial, 13.
trial by ordeal, 14.
by battle, 15.
by wager of law, 16.
by jury, 17.
modem tribunals, 18.
quantum of damages a question for the jury, 19.
III. — General Principles Adopted in the Common-Law System
the subject a branch of the law of redress, 1.
legal rehef consists of, 2.
equitable relief, 3.
difference between them, 4.
a species of property, 5.
general arrangement of the subject, 6.
consist in compensation for loss sustained, 29.
both in contract and in tort, 30.
the amount determined by rules of law, 31.
damnum absque injuria and injuria sine damno, 32.
Fletcher v. Rylands, 33.
no compensation for loss by nuisance common to all, 34.
unless particular damage results, 35.
nor by way of settbment for crime, 36.
apportionment of, between wrongdoers, 36o.
INDEX 3163
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DAMAGE&— Continued.
■IV. — Damages in General
accrual of, by actual grading, 1151 n.
accruing between time of action brought and trial, 860.
actionable at common law, 1123.
affecting jurisdiction, 1285.
after suit. See Prospective Damages.
against agent to sell, 819.
against carriers, a matter of law, 840.
aggravation and mitigation of, 430.
by ensuing consequences, 84.
all covered by compensation, 1109.
allowed in equity. iSee Equity.
alternative rule of, 1716.
amount due for breach of contract, 142.
amount of, stipulated by the parties. See Liquidated Damages.
are not divisible in tort, 431.
as affected by limited ownership, 68.
as incidental reUef in equity, 1256c.
on failure to obtain relief in equity, 125Gd.
in equity for protection of defendant, 1256/.
assessed by clerk, 1316 n.
averment of, 1257.
by fixing an arbitrary sum, 1076.
by independent parties, liability for, 36a.
by laying pipe line, 1166c.
cause to which attributed in eminent domain cases, 1185.
caused by user, 1098.
certain or uncertain. See Certain.
common to general public, 1123.
compensatory. See Compensation.
consequential, 1122. See Consequential Damages.
due to grading streets, 1120.
due to opening streets, 1120.
exclusion of, 1170.
in Kentucky, 1123.
in Louisiana, 1123.
in Mississippi, 1123.
in Pennsylvania, 1108, n. 10.
under new Pennsylvania constitution, 1120.
contract to indemnify against, 795.
contemplated by the parties. See Consequentiai. Damages.
costs as. See Costs.
counsel fees as. See Counsel Fees.
de die in diem in New York, 1195.
definition of, 55.
do not result in complete compensation, 38,
double. See Double Damages.
entire, 93o, 95, 1164.,
3164 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DAMAGES— Coniinued.
for breach of contract, 85.
must be recovered in a single action, 836 et seq.
not recoverable at common law, 1196.
entire or several, 1276.
evidence of, how far necessary, 1322.
exclusion from office, 40.
excessive. See Excessive Damages.
exemplary. See Exemplary Damages.
when fixed by court, 19.
for an injury must be recovered in single action, 84.
for breach of contract, reduction of, 608.
for continuous trespass, 92.
for construction of street railway, 1123, n. 98.
for cutting trees, 1171e.
for defect in construction of building, recoupment in action on contract
of construction, 1067.
for discomfort, 42.
for destroyed contract, 90.
for death limited to pecuniary loss, 573.
for failure by carrier to transport goods, 842.
for fraud in sale of goods, 777 et seq.
for fraud in sale of land, 1027 et seq.
for inconvenience and annoyance, 42.
for infringement of patents. See Patents.
for injunction against doing work, 6S5d.
for injury caused by lawful use of land, 95.
for malicious attachment, 467.
for mental suffering from actionable wrong, 43^.
for mental suffering in actions for personal injury, 44.
for more injurious use, 1152 n.
for part not taken, 1149.
for part taken, 1149.
for permanent injury, 94.
for personal injury, general rule for estimating, 481.
for prospective loss, 86 et seq.
for prospective pecuniary loss by death, 574.
for refusal by purchaser to receive goods, 753.
for sale of liquor. See Civil Damage Statutes.
for severance, 1099.
for subsequently accruing loss, 84, 85.
for taking by eminent domain, right to, does not run with land, 1154c.
for unauthorized use of land, 93.
fresh, will not give fresh action, 84.
from act made lawful, 1089.
from compulsory eviction, 1080.
from erection of mill dam, 1151 n.
from operation of railroad, 1113.
from subsequent user, 1095.
from surface water, 1123'.
INDEX 3165
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DAMAGES— Con/inued.
future. See Prospective Damages.
general principles of recovery in actions upon contracts, 600.
general rule for, in case of death, 574o.
how affected by special ownership. See Special Ownee.
how computed, 1327.
how paid, in money or goods, 10.
in action for dower, 921.
in action for injury to real estate, 923.
in admiralty. See Admiralty.
in case of apparent wound, 19 n.
in equity, 3 n.
in gross, on taking by eminent domain, 11546.
include consequential injury, 1101.
inferred from wrong done, 97.
instructions upon, 1320.
interest on, 1179a.
measure of, against agent, a matter of law, 811.
measure of, a matter of law in tort without aggravating circumstances,
428.
measure of, a question of law, 810.
measure of, elements in, 1163.
measure of; for improperly performing work, 674.
measure of, for use of street, 1180-1211.
measure of, independent of form of action, 429.
measure of, in eminent domain, 1149.
measure of prospective, 1149a.
measure of, where lands are taken, 1080.
method of computing, 1324.
must be recovered in one action, 84.
must not be conjectural, 1227.
nominal. See Nominal Damages.
nominal, recovery of, by possessor, 70.
nominal where no loss inflicted, 107.
not allowed for common nuisance, 34.
not allowed for composition of crime, 36.
not controlled by form of action, 810.
not foreseen at time of prior assessment, 1082.
not without actual or implied loss, 32.
of lessee included in those of lessor, 1084.
of lessor, include lessee's, 1084.
on appeal, 1286a.
on bond, less titan penalty, 675c.
prospective. See Phospective Damages.
reduction of, 681.
on demurrer, or default, 19 n.
on dissolution of injunction, 12866.
on injunction bond must be actual, 685.
on replevin bond need not be assessed in replevin suit, 689.
once allowed only to time of action,' 86.
3166 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DAMAGES— Continued.
opinions as to quantum of, 1293. •
original position of jury in assessment of, 349.
past, evidence of, 1109 n.
profits as. See Profits.
prospective, 1170.
for breach of contract, 87.
for personal injuries, 86c.
for torts, 866.
from user, 1102. See Prospective Damages.
proximate, 1119.
reciprocal, 542.
recoverable on official bond, 692.
recoverable by one having limited interest. See Limited Interest, 69.
recoverable for destroyed contract, 90.
recoverable though small in amount, 432.
recovered in each action, 85c.
recovery for, under permissive powers, 1089.
reduction of, in action for death, 583.
reduction of, in admiralty, 591.
reduction of, in replevin proceedings, 691a.
release of, 1109 n.
release of, effect on liabiUty for negligence, 1110 n.
remote excluded, 1086.
remote. See Consequential Damages.
rule of, in statutes, 1112o.
sometimes imported from circumstances, 1310a.
special. See Special Damages.
speculative, 1163.
splitting demand for, 1109.
stipulation for payment of amount greater than, regarded as penalty,
411.
auper visum mdneris, 349, 1316.
the conflict of laws regarding, ch. lix.
time when measured, 1151.
to abutter, 1120.
to be commensurate with injury, 29.
to lessees, 1169.
to farm, 1165.
treble. See Treble Damages.
uncertain. See Certainty op Proof.
under eminent domain statutes. See Eminent Domain.
under statutes, 1076.
under statutes double and treble, 1076.
unforeseen, 1082.
when no land taken, in IlUnois, 1151 n.
. when no right affected, 11496.
wrong measure of, adopted by jury, 1323.
DAMMING of surface water, 1109.
DAMNUM, derivation of, 5 n.
INDEX 3167
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DAMNUM ABSQUE INJURIA, 32, 812, 1089, 1108, 1111, 1113.
danger from fire is, in taking of rights in street in New York, 1205o.
in case of property taken, 1182.
DAMNUM EMERGENS, 22, 636 n.
DANCING CLASS, expulsion from, 45.
DANGER, from accidental fires, 1163.
from sewer gas, 1165e.
no obligation to submit to, in order to avoid consequences of injury, 218.
of crossing, 1164.
of crossing the road, 1165.
of fire, 1164, 1165.
of fire from passing trains, 1100.
of fruit being stolen, 1165c.
of gas escaping, 1166c.
of killing stock, 1165.
of members of family being hurt, 1164.
of rescued property, as affectjng amount of salvage, 599c.
of surface subsiding, 1166c.
conjectural, 1165c.
and risk, in general, 1165c.
to health, 1165c.
"DANGEROUS," meaning of, 1149a.
DARREIN PRESENTMENT, 900.
DATE of filing appraiser's award, 1151.
of trial, 1151.
DAUGHTER, d. for seduction of, 471.
indecent assault on, 47 n.
keeping of body of, in vault, 45.
loss of society of virtuous, 48.
shame caused by seduction of, 47.
DEAD BODY, mental anguish caused by removal of, 44a.
tortious treatment of, 43i.
wrongful disposition of, 45.
DEAFNESS, excessive damages for, 1359.
DEATH, action for causing, 172a.
compensation for loss of future support, 866.
delay in telegram announcing, 881a.
d. for failure to deliver message announcing, 894&.
d. for failure to transmit message announcing, 894.
d. for message falsely announcing, 894.
effect of, on exemplary d., 362.
English rule as to d. for, 67a.
interruption of services by, 672.
message announcing, gives notice of mental suffering, 47, 894c.
of a near relative, 169.
of animal, pending replevin proceedings, 536a.
of creditor, does not bar interest, 340o.
of debtor, does not bar interest, 340o.
of owner of land, rights of action, how affected by, 836.
of human being, performance of contract prevented by, 655c.
3168 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DEATH.— Continiied.
of partner, interest after, 310a.
from eating impure food, 164a.
DEATH OF HUMAN BEING, d. for, ch. xxv.
no recovery for death at common law, 570.
recovery for injury which finally results in death, 570o.
survival by statute of right of deceased, 570&.
statutes, 571.
limitation of amount of recovery, 671a.
varying types of statute, 5716.
election of remedies, 571c.
general principles, 572.
pecuniary loss, 573.
funeral expenses, 573.
non-pecuniary loss, 573a.
physical and mental suffering, 573a.
loss of society, 573a.
prospective pecimiary loss, 574.
reasonable expectation of benefit enough, 574.
general rule for damages, 574a.
services of a child, 575.
loss of an adult child, 576.
of services beyond minority, 576.
care and services of a parent, 577.
services of a wife or husband, 578.
next of kin, 579.
evidence— Family circumstances, 580.
character and capacity of deceased, 580a.
probable duration of life, 581.
excessive verdicts, 582, 1328 n., 1367.
reduction of damages, 583.
exemplary damages, 377a, 584.
presumptions and pleading, 584a.
contributory negligence, 585.
recovery for, under Civil Damage Act, 1248.
inadequate damages for, 1372.
the conflict of laws as to d. for, 1376.
DEBASED CURRENCY, 268.
DEBT, action of, 636ff.
when it lay at common law, 389.
breach of agreement to settle or secure, 622a.
contract to indemnify against, 795.
contract to pay, in instalments, 636jr.
contract to pay or discharge, 789.
contract to save harmless from, 788.
d. against telegraph company for loss of, 887.
d. for breach of warranty, where land given for, 965.
d. for judgment against collecting, &85g.
d. on breach of contract to pay, 786, 788, 789, 790.
d. recoverable for detention only, 675a.
INDEX 3169
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DEBT— Continued.
guaranty of, 806.
interest on, 289, 301.
loss of by statute of limitations, recoverable on injunction bond, 685 g.
object to obtain judgment awarding money, 4.
of another, contract to pay, 972.
of partnership, contract to pay, 789.
on bond, 675o, 6756.
on judgment, interest in, 334.
payment of, by note, sufficient to support action on contract of indem-
nity, 797.
recovery against telegraph company for loss of, 887.
recovery for loss of chance of collection by appeal, 688a.
recovery on sheriff's bond for failure to collect, 692i.
DEBTOR, agreement with, for extension of time, whether liquidated d. allowable
on, 407.
d. on bond for release of, 686.
death of, does not bar interest, 340a.
insolvency of, whether provable in action against public officer, 549-551,
554r-557
on bail bond, 686.
interest recoverable against joint, 304.
liquidated d. for breach of agreement for extension of time to, 407
recovery for insolvency of, on injunction bond, 685^.
pending appeal, 688a.
subject to two claims, 836.
under no obhgation to partial assignee, 836.
where entitled to interest on usurious overpayment, 305.
DEBTS, recovery on bond of executor or administrator for failure to pay, 692^.
DECAY, of potatoes, communicated from those bought, 2126.
DECEASE, interruption of services by, 672.
DECEIT as ground for setting aside contract, 606c.
avoidable consequences of, 214.
consequential d., 143, 195.
d. for, 439.
for sale of impotent bull, 214.
interest in action for, 316.
nominal d. in action of, 100.
DECISIONS, English, on eminent domain, 1078.
cited in Illinois, 1121.
under Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, referred to, 1113.
DECREASE of value, recovery for, in replevin, 536.
DECREE, for act to be done does not bear interest, 334.
for payment of money bears interest, 334.
DEED, covenant in. See Real Covenant.
granting of property for pubUc use by, 1109.
expense of preparing, recoverable, 1017.
liability of clerk of court for negligence in recording or indexing, 692h.
of land, value of, 262.
liability of probate judge for neglecting to index, 692^.
199
3170 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.l
DEED — Continued.
negligence in recording, 107a, n.
parol proof of consideration of, 964.
recognition of land as street by, 11496.
right to tender in court, 1028.
false return of register of, 218.
DEFALCATION act, in Pennsylvania, 1031.
of officer of corporation, 694.
of public officer, recovery for, 692e.
DEFAMATION. See Libel and Slander.
compensation for injury by, 60.
excessive d. for, 1335.
exemplary d. for, 364, 377.
exemplary d. for wanton, 722.
recovery of future d. for, 443. See Libel, Slander.
DEFAULT, assessment of d. upon, 1275.
in payment of money, to which official term referred, 692e.
of plaintiff, whether recovery on contract prevented by, 658.
rescission of contract for, 6556.
recovery by person in, 673/.
during another term of office, whether covered by official bond, 6926.
DEFECT, in building, measure of d. for, 644.
in construction of work contracted for, 647c.
in goods or work, cost of remedying, 2126.
in goods delivered, recoupment for, 1060.
in goods sold, recoupment for, 1036, 1060.
in machinery, compensation for, 646.
inherent, in property replevied, 691.
of breach of contract, recovery of cost of remedying, 620.
DEFECTIVE WORK, recovery for, 657.
DEFENCE, fl!. for making negligent, 831.
dispensing with necessity of maintaining, is special benefit, 1130.
DEFENDANT cannot recover verdict on claim for recoupment, 1049.
DEFENDANTS, joint liability of, in exemplary d., 382.
DEFENDING against proceeding, costs and expenses for, 1166a.
DEFICIENCY in quality of land conveyed, 1016.
in quantity of land conveyed, 1016, 1028.
DEFICIT in officer's accounts, which bond chargeable for, 692e.
DEFINITION of "cash value," 1171d.
of "injuriously affected," 1105.
of "property," 1117 n., 1121, 1123.
DEFORCEMENT of dower, 922 n.
DEFORMITY, compensation for, 484.
d. for, in action for personal injury, 485.
of plaintiff, not shown in action for death, 580.
of unborn child, no recovery by mother for fear oS, 43ff.
DEGRADATIONS, meaning of the term, 950 n.
DELAWARE, constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
DELAY, action for, by theatrical troupe, 170.
compensation for, in nature of interest, 320.
INDEX 3171
iReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
HEIAY—Cmtinued.
in carriage of cattle, 212.
in carriage of goods, 212, 419, 854.
in carrying passengers, d. for, 863.
in completing building, d. for, 224.
in completing contract, liquidated d. for, 407.
in completing printing and binding, 156.
in completing steamboat, d. for, 657.
in completing performance of contract, liquidated d. for, 419.
in completion of work contracted for, 647c.
in construction, d. caused by, 642.
in construction of building, d. for, 645.
in delivering telegram, 154.
in delivery by carrier, limitation of liability does not apply to, 851.
in delivery, d. against carrier for, 854.
in delivery of goods sold, 419, 734, 735c.
right to d. for, not waived by acceptance of goods, 743.
in erecting bridge, d. for, 647o.
in furnishing materials for buildings, 646a.
in lading or unlading of vessel, d. for, 857.
in making conveyance, d. for, 1021a.
in paying over money, recovery for, on bond, 692/.
in payment of money caused by appeal, 688o.
in performance of work, d. for, on injunction bond, 685(i.
in returning property bailed, 6336.
in surrender of premises, 419.
in transporting a passenger, recovery for, 862.
in transporting material, 199.
in transportation, 45a.
in transportation of goods, 842.
hquidated d. for, in payment of money, 411.
loss of profits by, 856.
natural consequences of, 856.
natural result of non-delivery, 157.
of carrier. See Gabbier.
of creditor, barring interest, 340.
of one day by warehouseman in delivery of cotton, 153.
on railway, 42.
recovery by passenger of expenses of, 864.
waiver of, 656.
at connections, 1150.
DELICACY OF TASTE, damages for injury to, 42.
DELIVER, failure to. See Non-Deliveet.
recovery for failure to, on contract for sale of chattels, 734.
d. against carrier for failure to, 844.
DELIVERIES, several, 737.
DELIVERY of goods by carrier, d. for delay in, 854.
d. for wrongful, 853.
of goods sold, damages for delay in, 735c.
valu^ of goods to be taken at time set for, 737.
3172 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DELIVERY— Cojrfinued.
where no time fixed, 737.
DEMAND, d. for failure to deliver goods on, 737.
for payment of money, interest after, 302a.
for settlement or payment, when interest runs from, 314.
interest on failure to pay for goods from time of, 308.
interest on money payable on, 302a.
for d., splitting, 1109.
for payment, effect of, on interest, 302, 314.
prevented by debtor, 309.
DEMAND NOTE, rate of mterest on, 330.
DEMANDS, indivisible when entire, 84.
DE MINIMIS NON CURAT LEX, 31, 103, 432, 1326.
not applied to wrongful invasion of property, 103.
DEMURRAGE, 394 n., 419.
allowed as liquidated d., 420.
consequential d. for, in admiralty, 589.
against consignee in nature of, 857.
of vessel" detained for goods of which delivery is delayed, 742.
recovery for, on collision, 590.
recoverable for delay in loading vessel, 858.
when recoverable, 857.
DEMURRER, d. upon overruling of, 1272.
DENTIST, d. to, and for illness of members of family, 155.
injury to, 180.
measure of d. for injury to, 180 n.
no recovery by, for loss of instruments, 152.
DENTIST'S ASSISTANT, evidence of value of time of, 171o, n.
DENTIST'S INSTRUMENTS, whether baggage, 873 n.
DEPARTURE from terms of contract, d. how affected by, 655.
DEPARTURE FROM SERVICE, by mmor, 662.
compensation recoverable upon, 658, 659, 660.
Uquidated d. for, 407.
recoupment for, 1062.
without notice, consequential d. for, 137.
DEPOSIT, action against auctioneer for failure to demand, 832.
against auctioneer, 832.
at auction, whether liquidated d., 1026.
d. for failure to require, against agent, 823.
forfeiture of, for failure to complete purchase of land, 1026.
of Confederate currency, 278.
of filth on dock, 1112.
of fund in bank, or court, as interrupting interest, 341,
of money, interest on, from demand, 302a.
of gold, 269.
whether liquidated d. forfeited on default, 414.
DEPOSITARY, where chargeable with interest, 305.
recovery by, 76.
DEPOSITOR, when entitled to interest, 309.
INDEX 3173
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DEPOSITS, alluvial, washing away, 1120.
clay, 1166c.
future, of soil, loss of, 1120.
DEPOT, breach of contract to construct, 194, 630.
value to land by erection of, 194. See Station.
DEPRECIATION, in market value, 1121, 1164.
in price of bonds, pending injunction, 685i.
in value, 1163.
in value of land, by permanent incumbrances, recovery for, 970.
d. for, in replevin, 536.
in value of abutting land owing to running trams on street, 1102.
in value of currency, 268.
in value of gold, pending injunction, 685g.
in value of land from other causes than taking, no recovery for, 1153.
in value of land not recoverable on attachment bond, 682.
in value of land, recovery for, on injunction bond, 685a.
in value of property by replevin, 689a.
in value of property, measure of damages in action for eminent domain,
1152a.
in value of property, recoverable on attachment bond, 682.
in value of property pending injunction, 685A.
of jK'operty wrongfully attached, 467, 682.
of vessel by collision, 592.
in value of vessel, recoverable in admiralty, 592.
recoverable on appeal bond, 688.
of brickyard, 1165A.
of plant, 1171d.
of property, recovery for, on injunction bond, 685a.
DEPRIVATION of access to harbor, 1093.
of access to sewer, 1093.
of easement in street, 1123 n.
of enjoyment of property, 1121.
of use of land, 1117.
of use of property, 1121.
DEPTH of line, 1166c.
DEPUTY, action on bond of, by sheriff, 805.
judgment against sheriff conclusive on bond of, 802.
DERELICT, salvage for saving, 599c,
DERIVATION OF DAMNUM, 5 n.
DESCRIPTION, misrepresentation as to, on sale of land, 1028.
DESIGNS, d. for infringement of, 1235.
patents for. See Patents.
DESTINATION, d. for failure to carry passenger to, 864.
freight due where goods are taken short of, 841.
place of, fixes value in actions against carriers, 845.
value at place of, 247.
value of goods at place of, recoverable, 844.
DESTROYING usefulness for manufacturing purposes, 11656.
DESTRUCTION, acceptance of goods to prevent, 841.
of access, 1115.
3174 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DESTRUCTION— Coreimued.
of access by excavations in street, 1123.
of beneficial use, by physical interference, 1116.
of buildings, d. for, 935o.
of crops, 1164, 1175.
of dock, 1094.
of easement, 1096.
of easements of light and air, 1115.
of garden, llQQd.
of property, d. for, 432a.
may be shown on detinue bond, 691c.
question of gain prevented, 178.
to stay conflagration, 928.
replevied before judgment, 691.
of shade trees, 1167 n.
of sidewalk, 1123 n.
of subject of contract, recovery after, 655c.
of trees, 1166e.
of water power, 1166d.
of well, 1120 n.
d. for, in replevin, 535.
interest as d. for, 538.
DETENTION of money, mterest in England for, 290.
of property, loss from, 136.
of vessel, d. for, 857.
DETERIORATION, goods injured must be saved from, by carrier, 852.
in land pending appeal, 688a.
in value from failure to transport goods, 843.
in value of goods by delay in transportation, 842.
of goods, recovery for, in replevin, 536.
in value of goods, recovery for, on marine policy, 714.
in value of goods replevied, 690.
of attached property, recovery for, 5656.
of goods wrongfully withheld, recovery for, 565a.
of property, recoverable in action of detinue, 527.
in value of property on forthcoming bond, 684.
may justify abandonment to underwriters as for total loss, 710.
of cargo, amounting to constructive total loss, 711.
of materials, during delay in construction, 642.
of property pending appeal, 688a.
DETERMINATE AND INDETERMINATE DAMAGES, 359.
DETINET, actions on the, 533.
DETINUE, action for conversion taking the place of, 494.
action of, generally obsolete, 528.
bond, d. on, 389, 691c.
d. in action for, 527.
exemplary d. in action of, 375.
higher intermediate value, whether recoverable in, 507, 517
object is to obtain money judgment, 4.
recoupment in action of, 1044.
INDEX 3175
tReferenCeS are to sections, d, means damage; n. means note.]
DETRIMENT to landowner, compensation for, 1150.
DEVELOPMENT of water power, is special benefit, 1130.
DEVIATION by carrier, limitation of liability avoided by, 851.
from contract, 655.
effect of slight, 657.
recovery upon, 655.
DEVISEE, from what time entitled to mesne profits, 912.
gets no action for injury to land before death of testator, 83b.
recovery of mesne profits by, 912.
DIFFERENCE, between English and American law, on eminent domain, 1106.
between legal and equitable relief, 4,
in market value, 1149, 1163.
DIFFICULTY, increased, of access, 1163.
of access, 1164.
in cutting grass, 1149o.
of crossing road, 1165.
DIGGING of ditches, 1165.
DILAPIDATION, recovery for, in action for mesne profits, 910.
DILIGENCE required for avoiding consequences, 221, 221a.
DIMINUTION in value, due to compulsory ejectment, 1083.
of goods carried, 852.
of homestead, 1149 n.
of land, during delay of conveyance, 1021a.
of leasehold, 1117.
of reservoir, recovery for, 1080.
of water, 1149 n.
without fault of occupant, d. for, in action for mesne profits, 910.
of business, 1121 n., 1152a.
of custom of pubUc house, 1105.
of earning power of deceased, may be shown, 580a.
of flow of water, 1096.
of selling value, 1101.
DIRECT CONSEQUENCES, 111, 112.
aggravation of pre-existing injury or disease, 1216.
always compensated, 1216.
of loss of goods by carrier, 1216.
of an assault, 1216.
of default of telegraph company, 891, 892.
of destruction of building, 1216.
of expulsion from railroad train, 871.
of negligence, 1216.
what are, 111.
DIRECT LOSS of failure to transmit message, 892.
DIRECTOR, action against, for failure to make reports, 103 n.
action against, for negligence, 170.
of corporation, recovery by, for extraordinary services, 763e.
of corporation, whether entitled to compensation, 673d.
of corporation, liability of, for negligence, 830.
DISABILITY, compensation for, 484.
of married woman, 486.
3176 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]'
DISABILITY— Confenued.
of minor, 4866.
recovery for permanent, in action for physical injury, 485.
DISAPPOINTMENT, caused by delay, 42.
d. not recoverable for, against telegraph company, 894d.
in particular thing on which mind was set, 46a.
no compensation for, 42.
of expectations, 42.
without physical inconvenience, no recovery for, 46a.
DISCHARGE of agent, d. for wrongful, 834c.
of debt, contract for, 789.
of judgment, d. for wrongful, 634.
of servant, d. for wrongful, 665.
prospective d. for, 666.
DISCOMFORT, caused by nuisance, 42.
by failure to provide berth in sleeping car, 873o.
of passenger as consequence of sale of wrong ticket, 221a.
of passenger, caused by walking to destination, 212.
physical, compensation for, 42, 1123.
caused by compulsory journey, 42.
DISCONTINUANCE of cause of offence mitigates exemplary d., 383.
of streets, 1151 n.
of taking, effect of, on claim for compensation, 1160.
DISCRETION, in civil law, of the judge, 27.
DISCRIMINATION, d against carrier for, 857a.
of carrier, 143 n.
DISEASE, communicated by warranted rags, 766.
communication of, 125, 769, 927.
d. for breach of warranty of animals against, 765.
d. for failure to deliver message announcing, 894.
existence of, may be shown in action for death, 581.
fraudulent communication of, to animals, 441.
of deceased may be shown in action for death, 581.
pre-existing, aggravation of, 1216.
recoupment for, 1060.
recovery for apprehension of, 484.
where provable in action for breach of promise of marriage, 639.
sheep, sold with knowledge of, 148.
DISFIGUREMENT, contemplation of, 47 n.
excessive d. for, 1358.
recovery by minor for, 486c.
recovery for, 172.
recovery for, in action for personal injury, 484.
DISGRACE, compensation for, on breach of promise of marriage, 638.
of expulsion from theatre, compensation for, 8736.
recovery for, in action for false imprisonment, 462.
d. for sense of, in action for seduction, 473.
may be shown in action for breach of promise of marriage, 6386.
DISHONOR, compensation for, in action for seduction, 473.
d. for sense of, in action for seduction, 473.
INDEX 3177
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DISHONOR— Conimued.
recovery for, in action for criminal conversation, 478.
DISOBEDIENCE to injunction, effect of, in action on bond, 685.
DISPATCH, telegraphic. See Telegraph Company.
DISPOSITION to labor, of deceased, in actions for death, 574o.
DISPROPORTIONATE, liquidated d. must not be, 407.
DISREPAIR of premises, value affected by, 999e.
DISSEIZOR, recovery of rents and profits against, 91.
DISSOLUTE conduct, may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 641.
DISSOLUTION, of attachment or injunction, value of time spent in securing,
226i.
of injunction, damages on, 12866.
of injunction, d. on appeal from order of, 685.
DISTILLERY, profits which would have been made by erection of, 186.
DISTINCT torts, 85c.
DISTINCTION between general and special benefits not at first made, 1132.
between general and special damage, 1123 n., 98.
between meanings of "consequential damages," 1113 n.
between permissive and compulsory powers, 1089, 1111.
between private and pubhc injury, 1123.
DISTRAINT, cannot include interest, 307.
d. against landlord for illegal, 990a.
d. for illegal, 943, 944.
exemplary d. for wrongful, 373a.
illegal, nominal d., 100,
interest not included in amount of, 307.
of cattle, right of, 946.
recoupment in case of, 1057.
for rent, recovery in proceeding for, 1057.
DISTRESS, excessive, 100.
illegal, measure of d. for, 61.
mental, 47.
of mind, may be shown in action for breach of promise of marriage, 6386.
of rescued property, as affecting amount of salvage, 599c.
when fright or terror, 43o.
DISTRIBUTE, recovery on bond of executor or administrator for failure to, 692^.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
DITCH, avoidance of loss by construction of, 226 n.
construction of, 1164.
d. for digging, 939,
d. for enjoining use of, 685c.
d. on breach of covenant to dig, 993.
avoidable consequences of digging, 214.
digging of, 1165.
DIVERSION, of stream of water, 1107.
of traffic from ferry, 1098.
of water, avoidable consequences of, 2146.
of water, d. for, 99 n., 100, 941.
DIVERSITY in rules governing benefits, causes of, 1130a.
DIVERTING water, interest in action for, 316.
3178 moEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DIVIDEND in insolvency, interest on, 311/.
recovery of, in replevin for stock, 539.
interest on, payable to lunatic, 302.
DIVISIBLE CONTRACT, 636ff.
DIVISION OF LOSS in admiralty, 587, 599.
in case of personal injury, 599.
DIVISION OF PATRONAGE, allowance for, 1150.
DIVISION OF PROPERTY, d. for, 1164, 1165.
inconvenience from, 1163.
DIVORCE, liquidated d. for breach of contract to give no cause for, 415.
DOCK, deposit of filth on, 1112.
destruction of, 1094.
DOCK PURPOSES, lots available for, 1171, 1171b.
DOCKET, SOLICITOR'S, value of, 261.
DOCTOR'S BILLS, 1166d.
DOCUMENT, value of, 261.
DOG, exemplary d. for allowing to go at large, 368.
exemplary d. for bite of, 377a, n.
furious, exemplary d. for allowing to run at large, 368.
nominal d. for, 107o, n.
recoupment in action for killing, 1044.
recovery for fear of results of possible madness of, 47.
shooting of, too remote for fright, 43/, n.
See Animals.
DOGS, jointly doing damage, owners liability for, 36a.
DOLLARS, 269.
DOLUS, in the Roman law, 22.
DOMESTIC SERVANT, d. for wrongful discharge of, 668.
DOMESTIC SERVICE, breach of contract for, 668.
DOMMAGE-INTMSTS, amount of, discretionary with judge, 26, 27.
DOMMAGES exemplaires, 359.
rSels, 359.
DOOR, d. for openmg of, 100.
DOUBLE DAMAGES in Washington, where tenant holds over, 999/.
allegation of, 1263.
question of, for jury, 1318a.
DOUBLE STANDARD of value, 269.
DOWER, abatement of purchase money for failure to release, 1021.
d. for incumbrance by outstanding, 976.
d. for withholding, 921.
d. in action for, 921.
d. in New York, 921.
d. on contract to convey land, for failure of wife to release, 1016.
d. on real covenant because of existence of right of, 976.
deforcement of, 922 n.
expense of extinguishing, 979.
nominal d. for withholding, 921.
tenant in, liable for waste in New York, 950.
right of, in improvements, 922.
rule of d. in, 921, 922.
INDEX 3179
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BOWER— Continued.
unde nihil hdbet, 921.
value of lands aliened by husband, how measured in New York, 921.
when heir improves, 922.
when purchaser improves, 922.
where land has appreciated or depreciated, 922.
writ of, 921.
DRAFT, agreement to return or pay amount of, 442.
d. against agent to procure acceptance of, 819.
d. for delay in delivery of, 856a.
d. for failure to accept or pay, 126c.
to collect, 813.
expense of stopping payment of false, 2266, n
See Check.
DRAIN, d. for breach of contract to repair, 647c, n.
d. for negligently obstructing, 948.
d. for obstructing, 948.
filling up, 1166d.
recovery on bond of commissioner to construct, 692.
DRAINAGE, obstruction by levee to, 1166d.
DRAINAGE CANAL, 1149 n.
DRAINING of marsh is special benefit, 1130.
of well, 1119.
DRAINS, building of, outside city limits, 1110 w.
DREDGES, no others obtainable, 161.
DRESS, (d. to, in cleaning, 6336, n.
DRUG, warranted, 191.
DRUNKARD, d. recoverable by, for personal injury, 485a.
DRUNKENNESS of defendant as mitigation of d. for slander, 448.
DUCKS, value of land for raising, 252 n.
DUE CARE, question of, 1110.
DURATION of life, evidence of, in action for death, 581, 1306.
DURESS, contract broken through, 602.
DUST, d. by, 1165a, 1123 n.
from railroad operation, 1120.
DUTY, increase of, 1101.
of carrier to receive and protect passenger, 859.
of discharged servant to seek other employment, 667.
of plaintiff, 202.
of public officer, recovery for acts outside, 692o.
to avoid consequences a misapplication of term. 201.
to replace, not existent in legal sense, 2286.
to seek employment, 206.
DUTY, CUSTOMS, whether included in value of cargo, 714.
liabiUty of custom house broker for increased, 832a.
rights of agent evading payment of, 834.
DWELLING, building rented for, 167
railroad near, 1168 n.
DWELLING HOUSE, 185.
3180 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
DYE WORKS, valuation of land for, 252 n.
DYER converting goods, allowed to deduct value of labor, 499.
EARLY RULE on eminent domain, 1115.
on eminent domain, in Pennsylvania, 1120.
EARN, capacity of deceased to, in actions for death, 574o.
EARNING CAPACITY of child, recovery for diminution of, 486c.
of deceased may be shown in action for death, 580a.
of franchise, \V7\d.
of married woman, recovery for impairment of, 486.
recovery by minor for loss of, 4866.
value of, 172a.
EARNING POWER, d. for loss of, in action against carrier of passengers, 860.
excessive d. for impairment of, 1354.
loss of, by personal injury, 214o.
of money, 117 Id.
of plaintiff, 172a.
partial loss of, 214a.
permanent loss of, 86c.
EARNINGS, interrupted by injury, 180.
loss of, 173.
net, 1171d.
net, evidence of, 1173.
of parent, recovery for loss of, by death, 577.
of vessel, compensation for loss of, by collision, 593.
of vessel, whether recovery for loss of, in admiralty, 593.
previous to injury, evidence of, in actions for physical injury, 485a.
EARTH, throwing, on land outside right of way, 1110 n.
EASEMENT of access, interference with, 217.
d. for failure of title to, 975.
d. on covenant against incumbrances for existence of, 970.
destruction of, 1096.
effect of existence of, on value of land, 243c.
in street, deprivation of, 1123 n.
in street, interference with, 1123.
infringement of, 1165a.
interference with, 1096.
of access, invasion of, 1116, 1165a.
acquisition of, 1116.
of air, invasion of, 1115, 1116, 1165a.
of Ught, mvasion of, 944, 1115, 1116, 1165o.
of support for structure on defendant's land, 93a.
private, acquisition of, 11496.
recovery for depreciation caused by, 970.
takmg of, 1107.
EASEMENTS IN STREETS, nature of, 1187 et seq.
EAVES, injury to landlord by water discharged from, 74.
casting water on adjacent building, 93 n.
projecting, 11666.
EDICTUM yEDILIUM, 954.
INDEX 3181
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EDUCATION of plaintiff enhances value of his services, 255.
recovery by child for loss of, by death of parent, 577.
EFFECT of conformation of land on cost of bridge, 1171e.
EGGS, d. for furnishing bad, tl2b, n.
delay in deUvery of cases for packing and transporting, 152 n.
EJECTION from premises, avoidable consequences of, 218.
from premises, verdict for wrongful, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
from railroad train, exemplary d. for, 372.
of passenger, avoidance of, by payment of additional fare, 222.
of passenger from train, 212.
EJECTMENT, actual d. in, when title expires pending action, 901.
allowance for improvements in, 903.
compulsory, diminution in value, due to, 1083.
costs of suit recoverable in action for mesne profits, 920.
d. in, 901 et seq.
difference between bona fides and mala fides, 903.
no bar to action for mesne profits, 902.
nominal d. in, 901.
under the Louisiana code, 904.
ELECTION between recoupment and cross-action, 1048.
of insurer to rebuild, after fire, 723.
of remedies for death, 571c.
on alternative contract, 423.
to rebuild by insurance company, 723.
use on right of, 169a.
ELECTRIC LIGHT PLANT causmg injury to land, 95 n.
ELECTRIC POWER, failure to furnish, 205 n.
ELECTRICITY, fire caused by short circuit, whether recoverable on policy, 723o.
machinery for generating, 153.,
ELEMENT OF DAMAGE annoyance to business as, 1165.
family occupations as, 1165.
fire as, 1165.
noise as, 1165.
obstructions of view as, 1165.
smoke as, 1165.
soot as, 1165.
sparks as, 1165.
ELEMENTS m measure of d., 1163.
of d., evidence as to, 1149.
of value, 1171.
ELEVATED RAILROAD, construction of, on street, 1121 n.
d. by, 1165a.
noise made by, 11656, n.
on abutting street, 1117.
statute on, 1112o, n.
d. for occupation of streets by, 1180-1211.
See Eminent Domain, N. Y. Statutes of.
ELEVATING roadbed of raihoad, 1109 n.
ELEVATION, of railroad roadbed, 1109 n.
of roadway impairing access, 1123.
3182 INDEX '
[References axe to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ELEVATOR, construction of, not special benefit, 1130 n.
d. for breach of contract to install, 607 n.
value of land for, 252 n.
EMBANKMENT, causing nuisance, 95. ^
erection of, by defendant on own land, 98.
d. for cutting through, 217.
in street, 11120, n.
on land subject to covenant, 1097.
private, 93.
prospective d. for erection of, 95.
railroad, 1166d.
raising of, 1165.
replacement of trestle by, 1109, 1152.
throwing up of, 92.
EMBEZZLEMENT by clerk of court, liability on bond for, 692ft.
by officer of corporation, recovery on bond of, 694.
liability of judge for, 692^.
of money wrongly collected by public officer, 692o.
of taxes collected by sheriff, 692a.
EMBROIDERIES, evidence of profits by importer of, 181n.
EMINENT DOMAIN.
I. — General Cases
avoidable consequences in cases of, 217.
land owner need not anticipate taking by, 224.
interest on property taken by, 331a.
time from which it runs, 331o.
taking of land by, how far excuses payment of rent, 999d.
value for all profitable uses, 1085.
value for special purpose, 11716.
value of past use, 1195.
what is a "taking," 1114.
when whole estate is taken, 1155.
11.^ — ^English Rules
d. under statutes, 1076.
appropriation of private property for public use, 1077.
English statutes and decisions, 1078.
lands clauses consolidation act, 1079.
measure of d. where lands are taken, 1080.
compensation must be for value to owner, 1081.
d. subsequently arising, 1082.
good will, 1083.
nature of the interest taken, 1084.
value of lands for all profitable uses, 1085.
remote d. excluded, 1086.
certainty, 1087.
lands injuriously affected where no land is taken, 1088.
d. must result from act made lawful, 1089.
must be such as would have been actionable but for statute, 1090.
rule of general application, 1091.
limitations of the rule, 1092.
INDEX 3183
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EMINENT DOMAIN— CoUwMed.
access to public thoroughfares, navigable rivers, etc., 1093.
Metropolitan Board of Works v. McCarthy, 1094.
d. to access must be proximate, 1095.
Thesiger's rule, 1096.
d. must be to lands, 1097.
no compensation for d. caused by user, 1098.
land taken in part — d. for severance, 1099.
special rules, 1100.
d. include consequential injury, 1101.
d. caused by user, 1102.
benefits under the English statutes, 1103.
avoidable consequences, 1104.
the English rules of interpretation criticised, 1105.
English cases referred to, 1123.
cited in Illinois, 1121.
criticised, 1122.
followed in Pennsylvania, 1120.
III. — Statutes of Eminent Domain in the United States
difference between English and American law, 1106.
construction of constitutional provisions, 1106.
nature of the right of eminent domain, 1107.
general rule of public liability, 1108.
all compensation in one proceeding, 1109.
unauthorized acts — negligence, 1110.
permissive, compulsory, discretionary and necessary powers, 1111.
the rule of general application, 1112.
legislature may prescribe more favorable rule, 1112a.
consequential d. — term misused, 1113.
what is a "taking" of property, 1114.
early rule, 1115.
second rule — ^physical interference destroying beneficial use, 1116.
third rule — any injury a taking of property, 1117.
rules under new constitutions, 1118.
Massachusetts, 1119.
English rule adopted in Pennsylvania, 1120.
rule in Illinois, 1121.
Alabama, 1122.
other states, 1123.
d. must not be speculative, 1123a.
general conclusions, 1124.
IV. — ^The Allowance op Benefits
the allowance of benefits in general, 1125. '
under statutes, 1126.
in the United States, 1127.
street openings — ^the taxing power, 1128.
general benefits, 1129.
special benefits, 1130.
causes of diversity in the rules governing benefits, 1130a.
state constitutions— local rules — special statutes, 1131.
3184 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EMINENT T)OM.AlN— Continued.
originally no distinction between general and special benefits, 1132.
new constitutions — Alabama, 1133.
Arkansas, 1134.
California, 1135.
Colorado, 1136.
Georgia, 1137.
Illinois, 1138.
Kentucky, 1138a.
Louisiana, 1139.
Mississippi, 1139a.
Missouri, 1140.
Nebraska, 1141.
North Dakota, 1141a.
Pennsylvania, 1142.
Texas, 1143.
Washington, 1143a.
West Virginia, 1144.
other states, 1145.
old constitutions — New York, 1146.
Massachusetts, 1147.
other states — general conclusions, 1148.
V. — General Considerations Affecting the Measure of Damages
Under Statutes of Eminent Domain
measure of d. — difference in value — ^prospective estimate, 1149.
theory of a prospective measure of d., 1149a.
nominal d., 11496.
principle one of compensation, 1150.
time at which d. are measured, 1151.
new d. from change in construction, 1152.
additional burden, 1152a.
d. from other causes excluded, 1153.
entire tract, 1154.
interest giving title to compensation, 1154a.
d. in gross — individual interests consolidated, 11546.
effect of transfer of title on right to compensation, 1154c.
measure of d. where fee is taken, 1155.
where interest less than fee is taken, 1156.
leasehold interest, 1157.
fee subject to restrictions, 1158.
unlawful entry — new proceedings, 1159.
discontinuance and abandonment, 1160.
reduction of d., 1160a.
hypothetical reduction of d. not allowed, 1161.
VI. — The Elements of Compensation in Proceedings Under Statutes
OF Eminent Domain
enhanced value, 1162.
elements entering into the measure of d., 1163.
general nature of inquiry, 1164.
elements of d., 1165.
INDEX 3185
tReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EMINENT DOMAIN— Conimwed.
easements of light, air and access; smoke, noise, etc.; special d., 1165a.
condition of property as left, 11656.
risk and danger in general, 1165c
risk of fire, 1166.
costs and expenses of landowner, 1166a.
projections in streets, 11666.
mines, quarries and oil wells, 1166c.
sewage and surf ace water, 1166d.
trees, 1166e.
fences, crossings and cattle guards, 1167.
buildings, fixtures and improvements, 1168.
injuries to business: personal property, 1169.
conflict in the cases, 1170.
elements of value, 1171.
value for all legitimate purposes, 1171a.
value for special purpose, 11716.
value of a homestead, 1171c.
franchises, 1171d.
value for purpose for which condemned, 1171e.
possibility of procuring other land, 1172.
avoidable consequences; reinstatement, 1172o.
bridges, ferries and turnpikes, 1173.
value as affected by previous entry, 1174.
original entry unlawful, 1175.
value as enhanced, when allowed, 1176.
entry by consent, 1177.
value enhanced by private road, 1178.
evidence, 1179.
interest, 1179a.
VII. — Damages Under the New York Statutes of Eminent Domain.
The Elevated Railroad Decisions
introductory, 1180.
constitution and statutes, 1181.
general principles established by early dtecisions, 1182l
use of street by horse railroads, 1183. .
by steam railroads, 1184.
the measure of d., 1185.
conflict in the cases, 1186.
elevated railway cases, 1187.
d. from operation of road, 1188.
alternative rule of d., 1189.
general rule finally adopted, 1190.
right to recover for noise, etc., 1191.
exemplary d. not allowed, 1192.
scope of the decisions finally announced, 1193.
ownership in the street, 1194.
recovery at law limited to past d., 1195.
results of the cases, 1196.
rule of d. as affected by benefits, 1197.
200
3186 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EMINENT DOMAIN— Conimued.
construction of the benefit statutes, 1198.
results of the decisions as to benefits, 1198a.
rationale of the decisions as to benefits, 11986.
avoidable consequences, 1199.
right of action not dependent on time when title acquired, 1200.
different interests, 1201.
past and future claims not merged by assignment, 1202.
rental value the rule, though plaintiff occupies premises, 1203.
suitableness of property for business, 1204.
loss of profits — falling off of trade — certainty, 1205.
risk of fire, 1205a.
effect of transfer of title on right to compensation, 12056.
entirety, 1205c.
judgment generally a bar to further actions, 1206.
form of judgment — ^protection of mortgagees, 1207.
evidence, 1208.
condemnation proceedings, 1209.
in the Federal courts, 1210.
general conclusions, 1211.
VIII. — Provisions in Particular States
Alabama, 1122, 1133.
Arkansas, 1123, 1134.
California, 1123, 1135.
Colorado, 1123, 1136.
Connecticut, 1148.
Delaware, 1148.
Georgia, 1123, 1137.
Idaho, 1145.
Illinois, 1121, 1138.
Indiana, 1148.
Iowa, 1148.
Kansas, 1148.
Kentucky, 1123, 1138o.
Louisiana, 1123, 1139.
Maine, 1148.
Maryland, 1148.
Massachusetts, 1119, 1147.
Minnesota, 1145, 1148.
Mississippi, 1139o.
Missouri, 1123, 1140.
Montana, 1123, 1145.
Nebraska, 1123, 1141.
Nevada, 1148.
New Hampshire, 1148.
New Jersey, 1148.
New York, 1146, 1180-1211.
North Carolina, 1148.
North Dakota, 1141a.
Ohio, 1148.
INDEX 3187
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EMINENT I>OMAm— Continued.
Oklahoma, 1123.
Oregon, 1148.
Pennsylvania, 1120, 1142.
Rhode Island, 1145, 1148.
South Carolina, 1148.
South Dakota, 1145.
Tennessee, 1148.
Texas,ir43.' '
Vermont, 1148.
Virginia, 1148.
Washington, 1143a.
West Virginia, 1144.
Wisconsin, 1148.
Wyoming, 1145. -
EMPIRE, changes wrought .by the, 1314.
EMPLOYMENT, benefit of contract of, lost by plaintiff, 1076.
chance of obtaining, 200.
compensation after expiration of term of, 664.
conjectural loss of, by failure to transmit telegram, 888.
contract of, is entire, 85.
d. for breach of contract of,' 607o.
duty to seek, 206, 207, 213, 667. .
does not arise in all contracts, 208.
expense of obtaining after discharge, 226d, 675.
loss of, from failure to transmit telegram, 881.
of a different kind, 207.
offer of, after wrongful discharge, 222.
recovery for loss of, in action for false imprisonment, 461.
services outside scope of, 673e.. ■ -
terminable on notice, breach of contract of, 668.
for hfe, breach of contract of, 666.
duty to seek other, 205.
See Service, Contbagt op.
ENCROACHING on land, 1123 n., 102.
ENCROACHMENT on lode, 1123 n-, US.
ENDORSEMENT, d. for breach of warranty of, 775.
liability to cost Of suit, 605.
necessary for recovery of cost of protest, 701.
recovery of d. by, against maker, 706.
ENGAGEMENT, length and publicity of, may be shown in breach of promise of
marriage, 638&.
length of, may be shown in action for breach of promise of marriage, 639a.
previous, may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 641.
ENGINE, d. for breach of warranty of fitness of, 767.
for carrying on business, wrongfully disabled, 182 n.
value of, in sUli, 254o.
warranty of, 767.
ENGINEER, injury to, 180.
imskilled, learning profession, 180o.
3188 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ENGLAND, doctrine of, for fraud in sale of goods, 778.
doctrine of one third new for old does not apply on first voyage, 715.
early rule in, for recoupment, 1036.
modem rule, 1030.
history of allowance of interest in, 283 et seq.
of doctrine of liquidated d. in, 394/ el seq.
law of, as to higher intermediate value, 508.
power of court of equity to award d. in, 12566.
recovery of higher intermediate value of goods sold, 745.
rule in, for d. on breach of warranty, 962.
' rule of d. in, for breach of contract to convey land, 1002 et seq.
rule of, for d. for severance from freehold, 501.
special rules on compensation in, 1100.
workman's compensation act in, 675o.
ENGLISH law on eminent domain, difference between, and American law, 1106.
cases, on eminent domain, referred to, 1123.
rule, judicial objection to, 1105.
decisions, on eminent domain, cited in Illinois, 1121.
rule on eminent domain, application of, in Pennsylvania, criticised, 1122.
criticised, 1122.
in Pennsylvania, 1120.
statutes and decisions on eminent domain, 1078.
statutes, benefits under, 1103.
ENHANCED VALUE, 1162.
compensation based on, 1174.
when allowed, 1176.
ENHANCEMENT, general, 1162.
of market value, 1171.
of value by private road, 1178.
ENJOYMENT, taking of beneficial, 1114.
of life, d. for loss of, 485.
infringement of personal, 1123.
of property, deprivation of, 1121.
ENLARGEMENT, of brickyard, preventing of, 11656.
ENRICHMENT of land by sediment from river, 11716.
ENTERPRISE of salvor as affecting amount of salvage, 599c.
ENTERTAINMENT, action by plaintiff for loss of, 170.
premises let from time to time for, 182o.
ENTICEMENT OF SERVANT, 469.
d. for, 449.
exemplary d. for, 376.
ENTIRE contract price, when recoverable, 612.
ENTIRE CONTRACTS, 636?.
ENTIRE DAMAGES, 1164.
cause of action cannot be split, 836.
all d. for an injury must be recovered in a single action, 84.
joinder of similar causes in a single suit, 84o.
for breach of contract, 85.
separate contracts, 85a.
INDEX 3189
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ENTIRE DAMAGES— Coretmwed
for a tort, 856.
distinct torts, 85c.
for causing land to fall, 93a.
for trespass to lands, 924a.
when assessed by jury, 1276.
ENTIRE LOSS, cases not falling within the rule, 178.
ENTIRE TRACT, injury to, by taking of rights of highway in New York, 1205c.
d. to, recoverable in eminent domain prooeedii^, 1164.
several buUdings may form, in eminent domain proceedings, 1205c.
what constitutes, 1154. See Eminent Domain.
ENTRY by consent, 1177.
exemplary d. for forcible, 373.
made in good faith, 1175.
of landlord on demised premises, d. for illegal, 9906.
original, unlawful, 1175.
previous, value as affected by, 1174.
time of, 1151.
tortious, 1173.
imder conveyance from mortgagor in possession, 1175.
unlawful, to construct reservoir, 1175.
without making compensation, 1151.
writ of, substitute for ejectment in New Ekigland, 899 n.
EQUITABLE SET-OFF, 1032.
EQUITY, remedies given by, 3.
does not usually award pecuniary d., 3.
allowance of d. by a court of, 1256a.
power of English court of to award d., 12566.
d. as incidental relief, 1256c.
d. on failure to obtain equitable rdief, 1256(2.
no d. where plaintiff should not have sued in, 1256e.
d. granted for the protection of the defendant, 1256/.
taking of an account, 1256$.
d. against a trustee for breach of trust, 125&h.
time to which d. are assessed, 1256t.
d. assessed on legal principles, 1256?.
interest in, 1256A;.
abatement of purchase money for land in, 1021a.
accounting for profits of infringing in, 1242.
burden of proof in, 1243.
d. allowed by, in suit for failure to convey land, 1021.
doctrine of set-off in, 1032.
exemplary d. not given in, 371.
liability of commissioner in, on official bond, 692^.
license fees in, 1225.
profits in, 1230-1232.
may proceed quia timet, 96a.
may reform or avoid an imconscionable agreement, 606c.
recovery of counsel fees in, 235a.
rule in patent suits. See Patents.
3190 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EQUITY OF REDEMPTION, agreement to pay mortgage by grantee of, 789.
EQUIVALENT, of pain, pecuniary, 41.
ERECTION of bridge, injuries to ferries by, 1173.
of county bridge, 1120.
of fire engine house, 1123 n.
of mill dam, d. from, 1151 n.
of public schoolhouse, 1177.
ERROR by telegraph company, in transmitting conditions of sale, 886.
in awarding d., arrest of judgment for, 1277.
in charge to jury, 1321.
in instructions to jury, 1321.
in transmitting telegram, d. for, 884-886.
recovery for consequences of, 884.
of telegraph company in transmitting price, 885.
interest in, 336.
ESCAPE, action against pubUc officer for, 644, 546, 552-554.
d. for, 547.
d. on sheriff's bond for, 692i.
expense of litigation recoverable by sheriff in action for, 241.
from arrest on execution, d. for, 552.
from arrest on mesne process, 554a.
of gas, danger of, 1166c.
of surface water prevented, 1116 n.
ESSENTIAL BENEFITS, whether allowance will be made for, 1130.
ESTABLISHED BUSINESS, 189.
what is, 1087.
from which plaintiff expected profits, 182.
profits of, 182.
ESTABLISHED STREET, closmg of, 1123.
ESTABLISHMENT of new centre of population, is new benefit, 1129.
of street across railroad, 1152a.
ESTATE, interest due to, 3116.
of deceased, Uable for interest, 340a.
of infant, chargeable with medical expenses, 226/.
ESTIMATE of injury, 1162.
of value, 1085.
ESTOPPEL as to value, 1301.
d. how affected by acquisition of title by, 977.
by deed, doctrine of, 977.
d. in action on negotiable paper, affected by, 708.
liquidation of d. by, 1301.
to deny signature of note, 708.
to diminish value of one's own note or bond, 277.
ESTREPEMENT, action of, 950.
writ of, 900.
ETHELBERT, earliest Anglo-Saxon laws of, 9.
EVASION OF USURY LAWS, stipulation for, 420.
EVICTION, compulsory, d. from, 1080.
constructive, 956.
d. for total, on covenant against incumbrances, 969.
INDEX 3191
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EVICTION— CfmiiriMed.
from leased premises, d. for, 988.
from part of land, 975.
gives right of action on covenant of warranty, 956,
offer of other premises after, 222.
recoupment for rents and profits after, 1054.
recovery for, in action for breach of covenant against incumbrances, 968.
wrongful, d. for, 188.
EVIDENCE. See Witness.
admissibility of, 1179.
aggravation or mitigation matters of, 52.
admission of, 11656.
as to business, 1169, 1304.
as to elements of d., 1149.
as to profits, 1169.
in actions for death, 680.
of auction sale, as proving value of land, 1023.
of character and capacity of deceased in action for death, S80a.
of cost of improvement, 1171e.
of d., how far necessary, 1322.
of family circumstances, 580.
of materials in buildings, 1168 n.
of net earnings, 1173.
of past d., 1109 n.
of price paid for land, 1149 n.
of probable length of life, 485, 581, 636i, 1306.
of profits, 1169.
of rental value, 1171a.
of sales at auction, 1179.
of value, market value as best, 242.
of value of guano, 596.
of value, price as, 766, 777.
of value of vessel, 595.
mode of proof, 1287.
exceptions to common-law rule excluding testimony of party, 1288.
abrogation of common-law rule, 1289.
witness to testify to facts, not opinions, 1290.
of experts, 1291.
confined to matters of art and skill, 1292.
opinions as to quantum of d., 1293.
of value — opinions of value, 1294.
of value of lands and leases, 1295.
of chattels — opinions of value, 1296.
of market value, 1297.
of sales, 1298.
offers — ^price-lists — quotations — appraisals, 1299.
presumption against defendant, 1300.
estoppel, 1301.
value of construction, 1302.
of services, 1303.
5192 INDEX
[iReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EVIDENCE— Coniinwed.
of other value, 1304.
of malice or intention — appraisals, 1305.
of the duration of life, 1306.
of pain, 1307.
of a former verdict, 1308.
physical examination, 1309.
approximate, 1310.
d. imported from the circumstances, 1310o.
EX POST FACTO wisdom, 221.
EXAMINATION by physiciahs, 1309.
physical, 1309.
See Physical Examination.
EXCAVATION, by owner, not a tort, 93a.
d. for, 939.
d. for, after suit brought, 91, 92.
d. on land of defendant caused by, 925.
'measure of d. 'for making, 939.
not the wrongful act, in action for loss of support of land, 925.
in distant street, 1123.
in street, destruction of access by, 1123.
EXCESSIVE DAMAGES, ch. Iviii.
power of court to set aside verdicts as excessive, 1325.
what d. are excessive, 1326.
successive verdicts, 1327.
cases in which the court will act, 1328.
practice, 1329.
remission of the excess, 1330.
when a remittitur will be entered, 1331.
action of appellate courts on, 1332.
what amount is excessive, 1333.
for pecuniary loss, 1334.
for defamation, 1335.
for false imprisonment, 1336.
for malicious prosecution, 1337.
for alienation of affections, 1338.
for breach of promise of marriage, 1339.
for seduction, 1340.
against telegraph companies, 1341.
against carriers, 1342.
for other malicious torts, or wrongs causing mental suffering, 1343.
exemplary d., 1344.
for assault and battery, 1345.
for physical injury; doubtful physical consequences, 1346.
for sUght or temporary injury, 1347.
for broken boUes: bones of leg and hip, 1348.
arm or shoulder, 1349.
the trunk, 1350.
the head, 1351.
for surgical operation, 1352.
INDEX 3193
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EXCESSIVE DAMAGES— Continued,
for pain and suffering, 1353.
for permanent injuries: disability to labor, 1354.
for permanent crippling, 1355.
for loss of a member; leg or foot, 1356.
arm, hand or finger, 1357.
for disfigurement, 1358.
for impairment of sight or hearing, 1359.
for nervous disorders, 1360.
for insanity and loss of mental power, 136U
for shortening of life, 1362.
for other permanent injuries, 1363.
doubt as to permanence of injury, 1364.
for loss of service, 1365.
upon civil damage act, 1366.
for death, 582, 1367.
for breach of promise of marriage, 637.
verdict for exemplary d. may be set aside if grossly excessive, 388.
EXCESSIVE VERDICT, one greatly exceeding average is, 1333.
weight of precedent on question of, 1333.
where excessive part can be separated, 1331.
EXCHANGE liquidated d. for, 1020.
of chattels, breach of agreement for, 734.
of horses, recoupment in action for fraud in, 1044.
of labor or property, breach of contract for, 621.
of land, d. on breach of contract for, 1010, 1012, 1012 n., 1020.
liquidated d. for breach of contract for, 400, 417, 1012.
d. for breach of covenant of seisin upon, 966.
d. for breach of warranty on, 965.
d. for failure by one party to convey, 1010.
d. for fraud in, 1029.
of property, breach of warranty in case of, 762.
recoupment in contract for breach of, 1071.
recoupment in case of, 1071.
rate of, how fixed, 275.
value of, 275.
EXCHEQUER formerly part of Aula Regis, 18.
EXCITED FEELINGS OF PLAINTIFF not be satisfied by exemplary d., 388.
EXCLUSION of benefits, in Iowa, 1152.
of consequential d., 1170.
from office, d. for, 40, 569.
EXCLUSIVE AGENCY, contract for, 633.
recoupment on breach of contract for, 1061.
EXCLUSIVE TERRITORY, d. fcfr invasion of, 1246o.
d. of agent deprived of, 834d.
EXCURSION TRAIN, contract to furnish, 194.
EXCUSE by act of God, 655c.
EXECUTED CONTRACT, recovery upon, 611.
EXECUTION, d. for injunction against enforcement of, 685ff.
d. for escape from arrest on, 652.
3194 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EXECUTION— Confenued.
d. for sale on void, 494.
d. on slieriff'sbond for failure to levy, 692i.
d. for wrongful levy on, 565.
illegal sale on, 568.
injunction against sale on, &85h.
legal seizure on, followed by informal sale, 61.
levy of, after destruction by fire, 725.
liability of judge for failure to issue, 6923.
of rightfully seized property, wrongfully sold, 61.
of judgment on bond, 676.
purchaser on, recovers for mesne profits from date of sheriff's deed, 912.
recovery of mesne profits by purchaser on, 912.
seizure on, 60.
EXECUTOR, d. for failure to file inventory, 692/.
de son tort may reduce d. by shoving payment of debts, 61.
failure of, to render account, 107o, n.
gets action for injury to land before death of testator, 836.
liability of sureties on bond of, 6926.
may recover interest on advances to estate, 3116.
not liable in exemplary d., 362.
recovery by, of expense of accounting, 2416.
of medical expenses and loss of time, 570a.
of mesne profits, 913.
recovery on bond of, 692j.
interest payable by, 311a, 3116.
EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, 30 n., 347 et seq.
I. — Geneeal Principles
meaning of the term, 347.
vindictive, punitory, or punitive d. and smart money synonymous with,
347 n.
distinction between, and punitory d. not well taken, 347 n.
origin of the doctrine, 348.
original position of the jury in the assessment of, 349.
evolution of theory of, 350.
history of doctrine of, in America, 351.
given to punish, 352.
objections to the doctrine of, 353.
by Professor Greenleaf, 353.
by the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, 353.
rule of, established by authority and convenience, 354.
in other systems of law, 355.
in the Roman and civil law, 355.
in the Scotch law, 355.
not the same as d. for mental suffering, 356.
in addition to compensatory d., 357.
not awarded in some States, 358.
in some States based on compensation, 359.
where based on distinction between determinate and indeterminate d.,
359.
INDEX 3195
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EXEMPLARY DAMAGES— Conimwed.
generally given as punishment, 360.
not allowed without actual loss, 361.
do not survive, 362.
counsel fees whether included in, 234, 359.
do not involve a consideration, of value, 242.
for injuries which are crimes, 386.
not allowed as matter of law, 387.
the conflict of laws as to, 1380.
II. — Under What CiRcttii'sTAN'CES Allowed
allowed only for wilful, wanton, or aggravated wrong, 363.
allowed for aggravating circumstances, 363o.
for malice, 364.
for oppression, brutality, or insult, 365.
for wantonness of injury, 366>
for fraud, 376.
for gross negligence, 368.
circumstances preventing the allowance of, 369.
III. — In What Actions Allowed
in what actions recoverable, 370.
not in amicable suits, 383.
a. Actions.soun,ding,in contract:
not usually recoverable on breach of contract, 603.
for breach of promise of marriage, 351, 370, 637a.
in actions against public service companies, 371a.
for failure to carry passenger, 862 n.
for expulsion frbin railway train, 365, 372, 383, 388, 865.
against sleeping car company, 873a.
for expulsion from theatre, 8736. .
against telegraph company, 896.
in detinue, 375.
not recoverable on official bond, 692.
on statutory bond, 370, 680.
on attachment bond, 683.
on bond to indemnify sheriff, 684o.
6. Actions sounding in tort:
may be awarded in action of tort, 370, 429.
not for tort committed by accident or mistake, 363.
action against public officer, 350, 351, 363, 365, 554, 564.
assault, 350, 352, 372,. 384.
conversion, 374.
crim. con., 376.
defamation, 377.
enticement, 376.
false imprisonment, 352, 372.
flowing land, 373.
harboring wife or husband, 376.
illegal distraint, 990a.
injury to personal property, 351, 352, 373a.
injury to real estate, 373.
3196 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n: means note.]
EXEMPLARY BAUAG^S— Continued.
landlord upon tenant, 990.
libel, 351, 352, 377, 383.
loss of service, 376.
malicious arrest, 388.
malicious prosecution, 352, 372.
personal injury, 372.
refusal to receive vote, 562.
seduction, 376, 474.
trespass, q. c. /., 350, 361, 363, 373, 383, 384.
trover, 374, 930.
c. Other actions:
in admiralty, 352, 5996.
under the Civil Damage Act, 12S4.
for violation of copyright, 12466.
for death, 584.
on dissolution of injunction, 3776.
not against elevated railroads, 1192.
not in actions for eminent domain in New York, 1192.
not in equity, 3 n., 371.
in forcible entry and detainer, 373.
for wrongful sale of intoxicating liquor, 359, 363, 387.
in replevin, 375.
in statutory actions, 377o.
IV. — Against whom Allowed
against officer, 564.
ministerial officer acting in good faith not liable in, 436.
against sureties, 681o.
against judicial officer, 3776.
against principal for act of agent or servant, 378.
against corporation for act of agent, 379.
of servant, 380.
ratification or approval by master, 380a.
against municipal corporation, 3806.
for act of ofiicer, 381.
of one of two joint defendants, 382.
against husband for wife's act, 382.
V. — ^Aggravation and Mitigation
general discussion, 383 et seq.
mitigation of, in actions for defamation, 377.
by want of malice, 383.
good faith, 383a.
advice of counsel, 3836.
beUef of right: mistake, 383c.
provocation, 384.
aggravation, 384a.
d. as affected by the pecuniary condition of the defendant, 385,
490.
of the plaintiff, 490.
by fine paid in a criminal proceeding, 386.
INDEX 3197
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EXEMPLARY DAMAGES— Conimwed.
VI. — Practice
evidence for, 51.
need not generally be pleaded, 1263.
when should be pleaded, 1263.
relations of court and jury in awarding, 387, 1318.
instructions to jury as to, 387.
direction to give, erroneous, 1318.
original position of jury in assessment of, 349.
ajpount of, in control of jury; 388, 1318.
power of the court over amount of, 388.
to set aside as excessive, 388, 1318, 1328.
when excessive, 1344.
EXEMPT from execution, seized property, 60.
EXEMPTIONS, d. on bond to contest claim of, mid.
EXORBITANT counsel fees, not recoverable, 685»4.
EXPECTANCY OF LIFE, evidence of, 171o, n.
of deceased to be considered in assessing d. for death, 574o.
of plaintiff, in action for death, 574a.
whether material in action for death of adult child, 576.
EXPECTATION of pecuniary benefit must be reasonable, 574.
of valuable services from child, in action for death, must be reasonable,
575.
EXPENSE
I. — Fob What Expenses Recovekt Mat Be Had
of abating nuisance, recovery for, 948.
of arresting principal, 806.
of attempt to avoid loss. »See Expenses of Avoiding Consequences.
of auction, 675.
of building gates, 1165.
of caring for goods, carrier entitled to, 852.
of carrying on suit not recoverable, 229.
of cattle guards, 1152o.
of clearing obstructed stream, 941.
of collection, deducted from profits in actions for mesne profits, 909.
of cure, recoverable on breach of warranty of chattel, 769; 772.
of curing an animal, 226d.
of curing defects, recoverable for breach of warranty, 772;
of defendant in obtaining possession recoverable on real covenant, 982.
of defending against proceedings to take property, 1166a.
of delay, recovery of, by passenger, 864;
of dissolution of attachment, recoverable on attachment bond, 682 n'.
of effort to avoid loss by fire, recoverable on policy, 723a.
of examining title, when recoverable, 607.
of existing business, increase in, 1152a.
of extinguishing incumbrance, must be reasonable, 980.
of father, in action for death of child, 575.
of ffences, 1152a, 1165.
of following or regaining property, 226c, 437.
interest on, 316.
3198 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]'
EXPENSE— Continued.
of gates, 1162a.
of gate houses, 1152a.
of Ulness, 473, 948.
of laboring for safety of vessel, recoverable on open policy, 712.
of litigation. \See Expenses of Litigation: Costs: Counsel Fees.
of improvements, 1017.
of keeping goods not accepted by vendee, 757.
of medical and sutgibal aid, 226/.
of medical attendance and nursing, 226/. ,
of maintaining crossing gate or tower, 1152a.
of making connection with new sewer, 1166c2.
of moving houses, 1151 n.
of obtaining employment, 675.
of obtaining loan, when recoverable, 622.
of obtaining or defending possessions, 982.
of obtaining release from imprisonment, recovery of, 463.
of passenger retiiming to station, 864o.
of paving, 1152a.
of perfecting title, 226e, 971, 979, 980.
of performing, future, 636i.
of planking„ 1152a.
of posts, 1152a.
of preparation for marriage, recoverable in action for breach of promise
of marriage, 638c.
of preparation to use land, not recoverable for failure to convey, 1022.
of preparing for conveyance, recoverable in action against vendee, 1025.
of procuring goods in place of those. not delivered, 741.
of procuring substitute, 226^.
of procuring water elsewhere, on injunction bond, 685c.
of protest, 707.
of pursuing property, 437.
of raising vessel, 589.
of recovery of property, 58, 540.
of release from false imprisonment, 463.
■of removal to enter service, 607, 607o.
of removing incumbrance, 968.
property, 1169.
of repair or cure, interest on, 316.
of repairs, 226d, 226/, 838, 932, 991.
of repairs, interest on, 919.
of fescue and sale, recoverable on fire policy, 724.
of retaining crew, 689.
of salvage, on insurance policy, 712.
of salvage, recoverable in admiralty, 589.
of search for, lost goods recoverable, 850.
of searching for abducted child recoverable, 469.
of searching title on breach of contract to conyey land, 1017.
of securing discharge from arrest, recovery for, on bond, 686o.
of securing surety on bond, not recoverable, 691c.
INDEX 3199
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.}
EXPENSE— Coretinited.
of sign-boards, 1152a.
of storing and insuring goods pending injunction, 685A.
of testing warranted macliine, recovery of, 767.
personal, how far recoverable on injunction bond, 685 n.
possible, of cattle guards in Illinois, 1167.
II. — In What Actions Recoverable
in admiralty, 235, 589.
on bail bond, 806.
on bill or note, 705.
against carrier, 862.
for collision, 589, 592.
on contract to convey land, 1017
for conversion, 494.
on covenant, 968.
of warranty or indemnity, 238.
to repair, 991.
for false imprisonment, 463.
for injury to land, 932.
for malicious attachment, 467.
malicious prosecution, 459.
for mesne profits, 918, 920.
for nuisance, 948.
in patent cases, 235.
on real covenant, 979, 983.
of replevin, 540.
for seduction, 473.
of tort, 233.
for trespass on land, 932.
on warranty of chattel, 772, 773.
III. — For What Causes Recoverable
by fraud, 442.
by delay in construction, 642.
by detention of passenger, 862.
by breach of warranty, 773.
by failure to transmit telegram, 881o.
IV. — From and for Whom Recoverable
from carrier, 862.
from co-surety, 808.
from pretended agent, 838.
from principal, 803-805.
from unauthorized agent, 835, 837.
from undisclosed principal, 238.
by agent, 238.
by landowner, 1166a.
by surety, 803-805.
by vendor of land, 1025.
V. — General Principles
included in exemplary d., 234, 359.
not recoverable if unnecessary, 236, 804.
3200 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
EXPENSE— ConimMed.
liability to pay enough without payment, 236.
must be reasonable, 239.
mesne profits reduced by payment of, 909, 918. '
after suit. See Prospective Damages.
EXPENSES of family, may be shown in action for death, 680a, n.
EXPENSES OF AVOIDING CONSEQUENCES, 2266 et seq.
of non-delivery, 742.
of delay in carrying passenger, must be reasonable, 862.
of injury to land, recoverable, 927.
recoverable though d. enhanced thereby, 226a.
of following and recovering property, 226c.
of repairing or redressing the injury, 226d.
of perfecting title, 226e.
of medical and surgical injury, 226/.
of procuring a substitute, 226g'.
substitute better than the original article, 226^.
personal efforts to avoid loss, 226t.
injury suffered in attempt to avoid, 226y.
only reasonable recoverable, 219, 226fc.
reasonableness of, 22QI.
reasonableness of the means selected, 226m.
repairs not worth while, 226n.
necessity of payment before recovery, 226o.
EXPENSES OF LITIGATION, ch. xii.
of carrying on a suit not compensated, 229.
reason of the rule, 230.
civil and old common law, 231.
rule in actions of contract, 232.
general rule in actions of tort, 233.
in cases of aggravation, exemplary d., 234.
patent and admiralty cases, 235.
other actions, 235a.
of a prior litigation, 236.
of dissolving injunction or discharging attachment, 237.
covenants and contracts of warranty or indemnity, 238.
notice of prior suit, 239.
implied warranty of authority, 239a.
plaintiff subjected to suit through defendant's breach of contract, 240.
plaintiff subjected to suit through defendant's tort, 241.
incurred in other forms of Utigation, 241a.
in action for malicious prosecution of civil suit, 468.
not recoverable in action against officer, 565a.
caused by failure to abide by arbitration, 687.
caused by taldng insufficient bond, recoverable on sheriff's bond, 692i.
for breach of warranty of title, 774.
recovery for, on contract of indemnity, 803.
on contract to satisfy mortgage, 806.
against co-surety, 808.
caused by failure to collect note, 819.
INDEX 3201
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.}
EXPENSES OF LITIGATION— Continued.
liability of unauthorized agent for, 835.
when recoverable on breach of contract to convey land, 1017,
EXPERT, evidence of value of services, 664a.
adjustinent of foss by, in case of concurrent insurance, 725.
testimony of, 1291.
confined to matters of art and skill, 1292.
EXPLOSION, of dynamite, causing fright, 4Sh, n.
EXPOSURE caused by failure to transmit telegram, 881&.
d. for consequences of, 867-871.
in reaching destination after defendant's wrong, 226j.
of passenger to weather, 212.
recovery for consequences of, by a passenger, 867.
to injury in crossing railroad, 11656.
to particular injiiries, 1164.
to risk, compensation for, 866.
to weather, recovery for, in action for injury to land, 929.
EXPRESS company, lapse of policy through negHgence of, 212.
EXPULSION, of passenger from station, 212.
of passenger from train, d. for wrongful, 864.
of passenger from train, d. for, 865.
risk of injury from, 866.
from raih-oad car. See Carrier of Passengers.
from sleeping car, d. for, 873a.
from theatre, d. for, 8736.
from ferryboat, causing fright, 43/, n.
EXPULSION FROM RAILROAD CAR, avoidable consequences of, 865, 872.
d. for, 864 et seq.
exemplary d. for, 365, 372, 383, 865.
exposure caused by, 867-871.
fright caused by, 866.
indignity of, 866.
natural consequences of, 867.
EXTENSION of redress, 1119.
EXTENSION OF TIME TO DEBTOR, d. on breach of agreement for, 626.
EXTENTS, against sureties, recovery of expenses of litigation on, 805.
EXTORTIONATE, contract may be set aside as, 606c.
EXTRA-HAZARDOUS occupatioa of deceased may be shown in action for
death, 581.
EXTRA WORK, compensation for, 655.
whether gratuitous, 673d.
EXTRAORDINARY services, 673e.
EXTRAVAGANT, liquidated d. must not be, 407.
EYE, excessive d. for loss of, 1359.
FACILITIES of warehouse, 11715.
FACILITY for getting to market, increase of, is general benefit, 1129.
FACT, questions of, decided by the jury, 19.
FACTOR, recovery of higher intermediate value in action against, 524.
recovery by, against principal, 78.
201
3202 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FACTOR— Continued.
against wrongdoer, 76.
d. for wrongful sale by, 814.
liability of, to principal, 814, 833, 834.
d. against, for negligence in settling amount of insiuance, 817.
for failure to remit collections, 819.
failure by, to collect purchase money notes, 819.
d. for unauthorized sale by, 821.
liability of sub-agent to, for negligence, 833.
recoupment in action by, 1066.
for advances, 1070.
FACTORY, contract to erect, 194.
entire output of, 199.
recovery for breach of contract to maintain, 606a.
shut down by reason of defective pipe, 212&, n.
value of land for, 252 n.
taking of strip through, 1149 n.
lots available for, 1171.
FAILURE of officer to levy, d. for, 549.
to arrest, d. for, 551.
to attach, d. for, 550.
to build crossing, 1167 n.
to comply with statute, 1110 n.
to return, d. for, 556.
to stop train, d. for separation from family, 43/, n.
to stop, causing grief, 43/, n.
FAILURE OF CONSIDERATION, 652.
partial, is defence pro tardo, 1040.
doctrine of recoupment whether founded on, 1040.
FAILURE OF TITLE, partial, 976.
FAIR, stand leased to plaintiff at, 183.
breach of agreement for exclusive space for candy stand at, 999.
FAIR GROUND, breach of exclusive right of sale on, 632.
FAITH, entry made in good, 1175. See Good Faith.
FALLING of a brick wall, 1164.
FALSE IMPRISONMENT. See Imprisonment.
d. for mental suffering from, 43i.
recovery for woimded pride caused by, 47.
trespass for, 101.
nominal d. for, 101.
avoidable consequences, 2266.
by payment of fine, 222.
personal injury in attempt to escape from, 226/.
reasonableness of expense incurred in consequence of, 226i
expense of litigation caused by, 241.
interest not allowed in actions for, 316.
exemplary d. for, 352, 372.
mitigated by provocation, 384.
d. for, 461-466.
(?. for loss of time, 461,
INDEX 3203
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FALSE IMPRISONMENT— ConfiJiMcd.
for physical and mental suffering, 462.
for expense of securing release, 463.
from remand, 464.
consequential d. of, 464.
aggravation of d. for, 465.
mitigation of d. for, 466.
d. for, not recoverable on bond for arrest, 686a.
recovery on bond of mayor for, 693.
verdict for, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
excessive d. for, 1336.
inadequate d. for, 1370.
FALSE REPRESENTATIONS, See Fraud.
expense of litigation caused by, 241.
interest in action for, 316.
d. for, 439.
of agent as to land bought, 829.
in sale of land, 1027.
in sale of goods, recoupment for, 1060.
in action on charter party, 1063.
FALSE RETURN, measure of d. for, 657.
FAME, recovery for injury to, by malicious prosecution, 458.
FAMILY, mental anguish for possibility of inconvenience of, 433.
fear that quarantine would cause separation from, 47 n,
compensation for loss of society of, 458.
by malicious prosecution, 468.
expense of removing, 607o.
d. for illness of, by nuisance, 948.
danger of hurting members of, 1164.
FAMILY BIBLE, value of, 251a, n.
FAMILY CIRCUMSTANCES, evidence of, in actions for death, 580.
FAMILY OCCUPATIONS, interference wila, 1165.
FAMILY PRIDE, d. for injury to, 480a.
FAMILY RELATIONS, compensation for injury to, 39, 48.
in action for seduction, 473.
affecting d. for defamation, 445.
FARE, illegal demand of, by carrier, 212.
obligation of passenger to pay, in order to avoid expulsion from train,
222, 865.
paid to avoid expulsion from train, may be recovered, 865.
FARM, products of, carried to market by means of river, 182.
compensation allowed by coiut to be based on crop of leased, 191.
contract to work on shares for five years, 193.
lease of, 208.
loss by purchase of stock not recoverable in action for failure to give pos-
session of, 6076.
measure of d. for breach of contract to furnish, 608.
contract to lease, 608.
agreement to work on shares, 624, 989.
3204 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FARM — ContinvM.
property used as, regarded as entire tract, in eminent domain proceedings,
1154.
d. to, 1165.
value of, 11716.
taken under Flowage Act, 11716.
d. for permanently flooding part of, 1178.
evidence of value of use of, 1295.
FARM CROSSING, breach of contract to build, 631.
allowed for, 1167.
in Kansas, the railroad not being obliged to construct, 1167.
FARM LAND, market value of, 1163.
injury to, 184.
railroad through, 1165a.
FARM PROPERTY, 185.
FARMER, d. to character as, 153a, n.
cannot in general recover d. for loss of expected profit, 191.
FARMING, value of land for, 252 n.
FATHER-IN-LAW, d. for failure to deliver message annoimcing sickness or
death of, 8946.
FAULT, division of loss in case of inscrutable, 587.
mutual, in case of colliaon, 587.
of landlord, as excuse for rent, 999c.
FEAR, of mental distress, for possibility of deformed child, 44.
FEAR OF DEATH, after danger removed, no recovery for, 43/, n.
direct result of injury, subject for compensation, 44.
FEDERAL COURTS, recovery of higher intermediate value of goods sold, 745.
counsel fees not recoverable in action on injunction bond, 685j.
d. in, on appeal or supersedeas bonds, 688.
rule in, for d. for fraud in conveyance of land, 1029.
FEE in existing street, taking of, 1150.
in highway, taking of, 1119 n.
measure of d. for taking by eminent domain, 1155.
owner of land is entitled to compensation for taking, 1154a.
taking of, 1084.
FEE SIMPLE, taking of, 1114.
FEELINGS, d. for injury to, by malicious prosecution, 458.
d. for wounded, in action for seduction, 473.
of parties, may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 641.
injury to, by expulsion of passenger from train, 865.
See Mental Suffering; Pain.
FEES of counsel, 1165. See Counsel Fees.
FELLOWSHIP, of wife, right of husband to, 48.
FENCE, failure of raih:oad to, 84a.
loss by defect in, when remote, 125o.
breach of obligation to, 155.
failure to, possibility of use for grazing, 170 n.
avoidable consequences of injury to, 201, 202.
of destruction of, 214c.
of plaintiff broken down, 201.
INDEX 3205
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FENCE— Continued.
breach of contract to maintain, 205
to keep in repair, 209.
d. for improper building, 2126.
failure to erect, 2266.
cost of rebuilding, 226d, n.
breach of covenant to erect, recovery of cost of erecting, 226o.
recovery of litigation caused by failure to repair, 241.
value of, 531.
breach of contract to build, 107o, n., 631.
depreciation in value of material for, on injunction bond, 685a.
recovery for pulUng down, in action for mesne pipofits, 910.
d. for destruction of, 938.
d. on covenant to build, 993.
d. for breach of contract to furnish material for, 999.
recoupment for failure by landlord to furnish lumber for, 1057.
injury to, 1117 n.
expense of, 1152o.
recoupment in action for rent of, 1063.
d. from throwing down, 1164.
liability of railroad to, 1167.
FENCING, expense of, 1152a.
increased, burden of, 1163.
costs of, 1163, 1164, 1165.
new, 1164.
additional, 1167.
FERRIAGE, private right of, 1171a.
FERRY, boat to, 194.
mesne profits of, 908, 909.
value of use of, 908.
d. for infringing franchise of, 944.
covenant to maintain, 992.
takmg of, 1173.
condemnation of land used as, 1173.
injury to, by erection of bridge', 1173.
interference with access to, 1096.
diversion of traffic from, 1098.
FERRY LANDING, site for, 11716.
FERTILIZER, breach of agreement by landlcH'd to furnish, 164.
could not be purt^ased elsewhere, 191.
FIDUCIARY, interest payable by, 311a.
agent is, 824a.
not entitled to gain through breach of relation, 834f.
FIFTH AMENDMENT, to U. S. Constitution, 1107.
FILING location, time of, 1151.
appraiser's award, date of, 1151.
FILLED LAND, taking of, 1151.
FILLING street to old grade, 1112a, n.
and cutting of land, 1150.
diain, limd.
3206 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FILTH, percolating, whether cause of action, 33.
d. for accumulation of, 948.
d. for causing to flow into cellar, 948.
deposit of, on dock, 1112.
FINANCIAL OFFICER, bond of, 692/.
FINDER OF PROPERTY, recovery by, 76.
FINDINGS, special, 1149 n., 6.
FINE, for selling milk to customers, 164a.
whether recoverable in action for breach of warranty, 765.
obhgation to pay rather than suffer false imprisonment, 222.
interest on, 333.
paid in criminal suit, whether exemplary d. mitigated by, 386.
as mitigating exemplary d., 386.
or forfeiture, breach of contract subjecting plaintiff to, 148.
FINGER, excessive d. for breaking, 1349.
for loss of, 1357.
FIRE, burning plaintiff's property, 67a.
whether remote, 151.
loss by putting out, 169.
d. for setting, 214.
avoidable consequences, 214.
need not be guarded against, 224.
d. for, 2266.
expense of reseeding after, 226d.
value of service in fighting, 226i.
compensation for plaintiff for loss suffered in attempt to extinguish,
226y.
for loss by setting back fire to stop, 226^.
expenses of litigation, 233.
exemplary d. for maliciously setting, 373.
breach of contract to insure against, 623.
effect of destruction by, upon recovery on contracts, 655c.
insurer liable for loss through efforts to extinguish, 723o.
d. for breach of warranty against, 765.
whether destruction of building by, excuses from payment of rent,
999c.
danger of, from passing trains, 1100.
obligation of tenant to restore building destroyed by, 999y.
increased risk from, 1149a.
danger from accidental, indemnity against losses by, 1163.
as element of d., 1165.
risk of, 1164, 1165, 1166.
no recovery for risk of, in New York cases for taking rights in highway,
1205a.
FIRE ENGINE HOUSE, erection of, 1123 n.
FIRE HYDRANT, delay in installation of, 169a.
FIRE INSURANCE. See Insurance, Fihe.
interest on unvalued policy of, 312.
FIRM, contract to discharge debts of, 789.
bond to pay debts of, 789.
INDEX 3207
[References are to Sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FISH, loss of run of, 171a, n.
run of, 200.
d. for delay in delivery of, 856a. ;
FISHER, evidence of profits by, 181n. V
compensation of, by percentage of catch, 669.
FISHERY, interference with right of, 171a, n,
FISHING, unlawfuUy, 99 n.
profits of, 182a, n.
penal sum of bond to prevent, whether liquidated d., 395.
d. for injunction against carrying on, 685e, n.
FISHING TACKLE, whether baggage, 873 n.
FITNESS, d. for breach of warranty of, 766.
for purpose, breach of warranty, 164o.
of lot for dock purposes, 11716.
FIXTURES, made for special use, loss of, 167.
value of, 254a, 433.
d. for removal of, 944.
d. for taking by illegal distraint, 990a.
d. to, by illegal entry of landlord, 9906.
d. for breach of covenant to allow removal of, 998.
of tenant, compensation for, in eminent domain proceedings, 1157.
FLOOD, avoidable consequences of, 2146.
loss by, whether remote, 151.
FLOODING, injury to tenant by, 71.
wrongful, need not be anticipated, 224.
other land, 1110 n.
well, 1166d.
cellar, 1166(i.
part of farm, 1178.
FLOODING LAND, 88, 91, 93, 99, 101, 940, 942, 1116, 1166d.
whether cause of action, 33.
d. after writ, 91.
nominal d., 99.
possibility of, 170 n.
avoidable consequences of, 2146.
recovery of expense of prevention of, 2266.
interest in action for, 316.
exemplary d., 373.
by canal company, 1108 n., 10.
FLOODS, intermittent injury by succession of, 95.
FLORIDA, law of, as to higher intermediate value, 516.
FLOUR, contract for payment in, 2796.
d. for breach of warranty of, 761.
value of, 845.
error of telegraph company in transmitting price of, 885.
FLOUR MILL, wrongful raising of stream causing interruption of business of,
182 n.
FLOW of sewage through land, 1123.
of stream, right to, 1149o.
of surface water, preventing of, 1166d.
3208 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
WCiW—Cmiinued.
of water, diminution of, 1096.
interference with, 1096.
FLOWAGE, liability for, divided, 36a, n.
by several obstructions, causing injury, 36o, n.
of land. See Flooding Land.
FLOWAGE ACT, taking of farm under, 11716.
FLUCTUATIONS IN VALUE of labor or materials during performance of con-
tract, 636y-636OT.
in trover, 507, 509, 514, 517, 519.
during contract, 636y, 636A;.
FLUREAU V. THORNHILL, rule in, 1001 et seq.
FOAL, compensation for, in action for conversion of mare, 498.
FODDER, delay in delivery of engine for grinding, 153 n.
FOLLOWING PROPERTY, recovery of expense of, 226a, n., 226c.
effect of, on amount of recovery for conversion, 497a.
FOOD, obtaining other, 164.
compensation for deprivation of, 457.
FOOT, excessive d. for loss of, 1356.
FORBEAR, contract to, 626.
FORBEARANCE, breach of contract for, 626.
FORCED SALE OF PROPERTY, loss by, whether remote, 126c.
FORCIBLE ENTRY. See Entry.
FORCIBLE ENTRY AND DETAINER, exemplary d. for, 373, 1044.
recoupment in action for, 1044.
FORECLOSURE, decree of, bears interest, 334.
sale on, after destruction by fire, 725.
injunction against, Q85h.
d. for, in action for breach of covenent to remove incumbrances,
972.
FORECLOSURE OF MORTGAGE, recoupment in suit for, 1070.
FOREIGN ATTACHMENT, when it suspends interest, 341.
FOREIGN BILL, recovery of re-exchange on, 700.
d. for non-payment of, 700.
FOREIGN CONTRACTS, rules of d. as to, 274.
FOREIGN COUNTRY, contract payable in, 274.
FOREIGN CURRENCY, contract payable in, 274.
FOREIGN LAW, as to breach of contract of sale, 782 et seq.
as to negotiable paper, 1375.
FOREIGN MONEY, 273, 274.
time of estimating value of, 273.
value of, on default, 1274.
FORFEIT, use of word not conclusive, 406, 408.
FORFEITED PROPERTY, value of, 265.
FORFEITURE, 392.
of land for waste, 950.
of deposit to secure conveyance of land, 1026.
FORGED MESSAGE, d. for delivering, 878.
FORGED SIGNATURE, d., where adopted, 708.
FORM of injunction bond governed by statute, 685.
INDEX 3209
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FORM OP ACTION for conversion, 492.
against carriers, 840.
for trespass to land, 923.
immaterial in case of recoupment, 1044.
in which recoupment allowed, 1044.
FORMULA, 1312, 1313.
in the Roman law, 22, 1313.
FORTHCOMING BOND, 684.
d. on sheriff's bond for taking void, 692i.
whether sureties on, can recover costs, 804.
FORWARD CONTRACTS, obligation to make, 636/.
FORWARDING GOODS, Uability of carrier for negUgence in, 846o.
FOUNDRY, value of use of, 999e.
FRANCE, system in, previous to Code Napoleon, 25.
d. under codes of, 28a, n.
FRANCHISE, conditions of, 1112a.
earning capacity of, 1171(i.
market value for, 117 Id.
of ferry, d. for infringing, 944.
of turnpike company, impairment of value of, 1173.
taking of, 1107.
value of, 1171d, 1173.
FRATERNAL INSURANCE, recovery on contract of, 732.
FRAUD, causing disappointment or disgrace, no recovery for, 43/, n.
nominal d. for, 101.
expense of litigation caused by, 241.
litigation if unreasonable, not caused by, 241a.
as affecting the allowance of interest, 286.
interest barred because of, 3016.
interest on money obtained by, 303.
interest in action for, 316.
compound interest on account of, 344.
exemplary d. for, 367.
measure of d. for, 439.
by false representations, d. for, 439.
in procuring a contract, 439a.
in effecting a sale, 4396.
in inducing a contract of insurance, 439c.
in procuring a cpnveyance, 439d.
in dealing with note or mortgage, 439d.
in securing a loan, 439e.
in misrepresenting credit of third party, 439/.
in obtaining payment of debt owed another, 439^.
in issuing or selling stock, 439/i.
in dealing with stock, 439ft.
in promoting joint enterprise, 439*.
in procuring marriage, 439/.
in assigning goods, 439/i;.
in assigning note, 440.
in misrepresenting amount of mortgage, 440.
S210 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FRAUD — Continmd.
in inducing manufacture of boxes, 440.
as to title of wood-lot, 440.
in inducing attachment of property, 440.
compromise of claim, 440.
useless suit, 440.
expenditure for medical treatment, 440.
as to accident insurance, 440.
in preventing bid at auction, 440.
in inducing mortgagor not to pay interest, 440
as to age of vessel, 441.
by false representations as to credit, 441.
consequential d. for, 441.
in sale of horse, 441.
expenses caused by, 442.
contract broken through, 602.
effect of, on amount of recovery, 6066.
a ground for setting aside contract, 606c.
avoidance of contract for, 655o.
contract for services obtained by, 673c.
recovery on injunction bond for loss caused by, 6856.
in over-valuation in marine policy, 713.
in issuing or transferring negotiable instruments, 708.
recovery on negotiable paper, how affected by, 708.
rescission of contract for, 754, 762.
in sale of chattel, 777 et seq., 1060.
of slave, 777.
of horse, 777.
rule generally same as in case of warranty, 777.
of mortgage, 777.
of vessel, 777.
of stock, 778, 779.
rule of d. for in the U. S. Supreme Court, 778, 780.
in England, 779.
whether different from rule in case of warranty, 781.
rule of d. on contract to convey land, whether changed by, 1009, 1010.
in sale of land, 1027 et seq., 1052.
recoupment for, 973.
misrepresentation of amount of business, 1027.
of title to security, 1027.
of title to land, 1027.
of boundaries, 1027, 1028.
as to incumbrances, 1028.
of quantity, 1028.
right to tender deed in court, 1028.
rule in U. S. Supreme Court, 1029.
recoupment for, in exchange of horses, 1044.
in sale of land, 1052.
in effecting lease of land, 1056.
in sale of goods, 1060.
INDEX 3211
(References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FRAUB— Continued.
in exchange of property, 1071.
in action for exchange of property, 1071.
of landlord in procuring tenant, d. for, 990c.
FRAUDS, measure of d. in case of contract void by statute of, 651, See Statute
OF Fbattds.
FREEHOLD, recovery by owner of, 69.
injury to, 72.
d. for severance from, 500 et seq.
recovery for injury to, in action for mesne profits, 911.
FREIGHT, unreasonable delay of, nominal d. for, 101 n.
avoidable consequences on failure to furnish, 211.
d. for failure to furnish, 211.
avoidance of loss of, by taking other goods, 222.
interest on overpayment of, 303 n.
compensation for loss of, by collision, 593.
recovery for loss of, 594.
recovery of agreed, on failure to furnish cargo, 612.
subject of marine insurance, 709.
pro rata itineris, 710.
total loss of, 710.
recovery for, on open policy, 712.
insurance on, 712, 713.
contribution of, to general average, 717.
one of the interests in jeopardy on voyage, 717.
paid on warranted machine, recovery of, 767.
due to carrier, rate of, 841.
recovery of, by carrier, 841.
right to detain for non-payment of, 844.
constitutes a lien, 844.
reduction of, as consideration for limitation of liability, 851.
d. on breach of contract to furnish, 858.
recoupment in action for, 1041, 1068.
FRENCH, value of time of teacher of, 860.
FRENCH CODE as to d. on bills and notes, 697, 700 n.
FRENCH LAW, liquidation of d. in, 427.
of constructive total loss, 711.
as to payment by note, 797 n.
as to notice of suit, 805.
as to mesne profits, 906.
as to covenants in deeds, 955.
FREQUENCY of trains, increasing, 1109 n.
FRESH DAMAGE will not give fresh action, 84.
FRESHETS, removal of protection against, 1117.
FRIGHT, caused by mental suffering, 43a.
no rule of law for non-recovery for, 43a.
may be ground for action, 43b.
by falling of laths, 43/, n.
when unnatural consequence, 43/, n.
3212 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FRIGHT— Continued.
causing attempted escape from danger, 43h.
by young child possible, 43fc.
caused by apprehension of physical harm, recovery for, 47.
compensation for, 47.
recovery for natural consequences of, 861.
caused by failure to carry passenger to destination, 864.
caused by expulsion from train, child may recover for, 865.
on wrongful expulsion from railway car, 866.
FRIGHTENING of stock, 1165.
of teams, 1165c.
FRIVOLOUS DEFENCE, cost of, cannot be recovered, 808.
FRIVOLOUS SUIT, no redress for, beyond costs, 232.
FRONTAGE on river, loss of use of, 1101.
on railroad, cutting off from, 11656.
FRUCTUS recoverable in Roman law, 906.
FRUIT, breach of contract to keep at certain temperature, 620 n.
danger of being stolen, 1165c.
FRUIT-TREES, d. for destruction of, 933.
taking of, 1167 n.
FUEL, delay in delivery, 152.
failure to furnish gas, 164.
notice of intended use as, 166.
d. for breach of contract to supply, 607 n.
FUNCTIONS of court and jury separate, 1317.
FUNDS, notice of special use for, 168.
bond for management of, 682c.
FUNERAL, hearse for, 43j.
delayed, 168.
FUNERAL EXPENSES, whether recoverable in statutory action for death,
573.
FURNACE, d. for furnishing defective, 2126, n.
FURNITURE, d. for seizure of, 214.
second-hand, value of, 251.
effect of exposure to contagion on value of, 265.
value of, 495.
recovery of expense of removing, 607a.
FURTHER TAKING, 1116.
FUTURE deposits of soil, 1120.
injuries which are possible results, 170.
prospective loss, 172.
medical attendance recoverable, 226/.
FUTURE CONSEQUENCES. See Prospective Damages.
FUTURE DAMAGES. See Phosmctive Damages.
FUTURE DELIVERY, expense of, 636Z.
d. on breach of contract for, 758.
FUTURE SUFFERING, recovery for apprehension of, 484.
FUTURE USE, value of property for, 253.
FUTURES, contract for, 636/.
d. on breach of covenant to allow removal of, 998.
INDEX 3213
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
GAIN PREVENTED. See Ceetaintt op Pboof.
GAIUS, discovery of, 1312.
GAMBLING, injury to business of, 1826.
GAMBLING HOUSE, value of, 265.
GAME-COCKS, value of, 265, 432o.
GARDEN, taking of, 1086.
destruction of, 1166d.
GARDENING, truck, land adapted for, 11716.
market, value of lots for, 11716.
GARNISHEE, cannot retain funds for expenses of litigation, 229.
GARNISHMENT, suspends interest when, 341.
malicious, 467.
GAS, wrongful deprivation of, 42 n.
company notified of illness of child, 164.
for heating, failure to furnish, 143 n.
from coke ovens injuring crops, 191.
d. for breach of contract to drill for, 614 n.
action for escape of, 223.
natural, d. for removal from land, 935 n.
d. for shutting off, 945.
d. for breach of contract by lessee to sink well for, 999fc.
risk from leakage of, 1165.
sewer, danger from, 1165c.
escaping, danger of, 1166e.
GAS WELL, value of land for, 252 n.
GASOLINE, engines for sale, breach of contract to supply, 182 n.
GATE, consequences of leaving open, 223.
contract to repair, 636A.
left open, between fields, 148.
expenses of, 1152a.
cost of operation of, 1152a.
expense of building, 1165.
GATE CROSSING, expense of maintaining, 1152a.
GATE HOUSES, expenses of, 1152o.
GAUGE, change from narrow to standard, 1152.
GENERAL and special d., distinction between, 1123 n.
GENERAL AVERAGE, effect of, in marine insurance, 709.
not included in estimating constructive total loss, 711.
where to be adjusted, 717.
recovery for, on marine policy, 717.
what is, 717.
what law governs allowance of, 1383.
GENERAL BENEFITS, 1128, 1129.
what is, 1129.
cannot be recovered, 1129. .See BENBFrrs.
GENERAL ENHANCEMENT, 1162.
GENERAL INJURY, 1117.
GENERAL ISSUE, matter in mitigation under, 1'563.
GENERAL PUBLIC, d. common to, 1123.
GENERAL RULE, of pubMc liability, 1108.
3214 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]'
GENERAL WARRANTS, liberal d. in actions arising from, 350.
GEORGIA, constitution of, referred to, 1122.
law of, as to higher intermediate value, 517a.
rule of d. for escape, 554.
recovery by widow for death of husband in, 578.
provision of constitution, on eminent domain, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to benefit in, 1137.
power of remitting excess of verdict in, 1330.
GERMAN Civil Code, d. under, 28a.
GOLD, value of bond payable in, 257.
obligation payable in, 269, 270.
payment in, not overpayment, 269.
contract payable in, 270.
judgment on contract payable in, 271,
an article of merchandise, 272 n.
tort for loss of, 272.
d. for wrongfully mining, 502, 503.
depreciation in value of, pending injunction, 685g'.
error in transmitting telegram for purchase of, 886.
d. for removal from land, 935.
GOLD STANDARD, 269.
GOOD FAITH in mitigation of exemplary d., 383a.
whether affecting d. for defamation, 448.
bearing of, on d. for false imprisonment, 466.
of conductor, prevents exemplary d. for expulsion from train, 865.
required for allowance by disseisor for improvements, 916.
may be shown to mitigate d. for injury to land, 929a.
effect of, in actions for cutting trees, 934.
entry made in, 1175.
GOOD WILL, of business, injury to, 170a.
compensation for loss of, 182, 188.
of premises, 188.
value of, 254, 1083.
d. for loss of, by eviction from leased premises, 988a.
recoupment on sale of, 1062.
of business premises, recovery for, 1080.
compensation for, 1083, 1087.
d. to, 1094.
loss of, 1097.
GOODS, converted at one time, 856.
expressly or impliedly warranted fit for purpose, 164o.
d. for breach of contract for manufacture of, 2126.
d. for wrongful shipment of, 212 n.
expenses caused by delay in delivery of, 226^.
recovery of cost of procuring elsewhere, 226^.
value of stock of, 248a.
interest on claim for failure to deliver, 312.
interest on d. for failure to deliver, 313a.
loss on purchase of, recoverable for failure to provide premises, 6076.
breach of agreement to allow payment of debt by sale of, 622o.
INDEX 3215
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
GO0T)&— Continued.
breach of agreement not to sell in competition, 632.
payment of note in, 695a.
arriving in specie, may be regarded as total loss, 710.
d. for refusal to receive, 753.
payment in, sufficient for suit by surety, 800.
wrongful shipment of, by agent, 816.
d. against agent to sell, 821.
d. for failure of carrier to transport, 842.
d. for failure of carrier to deliver, 844.
d. for failure to forward, 846a.
See Chattels.
GOODS CARRIED, d. to, 45a.
GOODS, CARRIERS OF, 840 et seq.
the law measures the d., 840.
compensation of carrier, 841.
refusal to transport, 842.
consequential d., 843.
failure to furnish cars, 843a.
non-delivery, value at place of destination, with interest, the general
rule, 844.
value, where to be estimated, 846.
connecting lines, 846.
failure to forward goods, 846a.
value, when to be estimated, 847.
reduction of d., acceptance of goods, 848.
insurance money, 849.
consequential d., 850.
limited liability, 851.
injury during transportation, 852.
misdelivery, 853.
delay in delivery, 854.
delay in transportation by sea, 855.
consequential d., 856.
notice of special d., 856a.
delay in lading or unlading a vessel, 857.
discrimination, 857a.
agreement to furnish freight, 858.
GOODS SOLD, debt the early action for, 675a.
GOVERNMENT, assignment of claim on, 704.
GOVERNMENT OF UNITED STATES, power of, as to issuing money, 269.
GOWN, value of, 8736.
GRADE, breach of contract to, 618 n.
change of, in sidewalk, 1122.
altering, natural, of street, 1123 n.
filling street to old, 1112a, n.
permanent injury from change of, 1123.
taking of, 1178.
of railroad crossing, change of, 1151 n.
3216 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
GRADE — Continued. ,
of street, change of, 217, 1110 n., 1119, 1120, 1121 n., 1122, 1123 n.,
1149 n., 11496, 1151 n., 1164, 1165, 1168 n.
in Kansas, 1112a, n.
lowering of, by railroad, 1112 n.
statutes on change of, 1112o.
assessment of benefits for change of, 1128.
GRADE CROSSING, expense of construction of, 1152a.
GRADING, breach of contract to do useless, 619.
actual, accrual of d. by, 1151 n.
for railroad, 1171b.
of street, 1113, 1115, 1117, 1122.
not new burden to abutter who does not own fee, 1152a
is special benefit, 1130 n.
consequential d. due to, 1120.
GRAIN, contract to thresh, 151.
delay to furnish car for shipment of, 161.
d. for detention of, 538.
d. for breach of contract to harvest, 607 n.
contract to weigh, 612.
labor expended on, after replevin, 690.
error of telegraph company in transmitting price of, 885.
GRANDCHILD, d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death
of, 894b.
GRANDPARENT, d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death
of, 8946.
GRANITE, d. for failure to pay for, 752a.
GRANT, patent a species of, 1213.
GRANTEE OF LAND, right of, to recover for nuisance, 949.
recovery by, on warranty after parting with title, 956.
GRANTING, of location on street to railroad, 1108 n.
of property for public use by deed, 1109.
GRANTOR OF LAND, liability of, for nuisance, 949.
recoupment for trespass by, 1055.
GRASS, partly grown, 191.
d. for cutting, 933, 935b.
difficulty in cutting, 1149a.
GRATES, d. for breach of covenant to allow removal of, 998.
GRATUITOUS AGENTS, 812.
GRATUITOUS MEDICAL AID, 226/, n.
GRATUITOUS NURSING, no reduction of d. for, 67, 860.
GRATUITOUS SERVICES, recovery for, 483, 653, 673d.
GRATUITY, by which defendant has no right to profit, 67.
d. to dippers in depriving them of, 100.
GRAVEL, for failure to pay for, 752a.
d. for removal from land, 935 n.
value of, 1166c.
GRAVEL PIT, value of land for, 252 n.
GRAZING, profits of, where land always used for cropping, 184 n.
GRAZING LAND, separation of, from water, 1165.
INDEX 3217
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
GREASE, inability to sell, 164a.
GREAT PONDS, taking waters of, 1119.
GREECE, substitutes for money in, 266.
GREENHOUSE, to be heated, 165.
profits of, 182o, n.
sales shown for year preceding destruction of stock of, 182 n.
d. for breach of warranty of heating apparatus in, 766.
GRIEF, not natural consequence, 43/, n.
when remote, 43/, n.
for loss of child not considered in d., 44.
for injury to child, no recovery for, 486c.
for loss of husband, widow cannot recover for, 578.
at termination of engagement, may be shown in breach of promise of
marriage, 638a.
GRIST MILL, failure to supply water, 189.
GROSS, d. in, for taking by eminent domain, 11546.
GROSS NEGLIGENCE, what is, 368.
exemplary d. for, 368.
See Negligence.
GROSSLY EXCESSIVE, Uquidated d. must not be, 407.
verdict for exemplary d. set aside as, 388.
GROUND-RENT, mesne profits reduced by payment of, 918.
GROUNDS FOR SETTING ASIDE VERDICT for exemplary d., 388.
GUANO, value of cargo, 596.
GUARANTEE of value, 763.
of payment of a certain sum, 789.
of collection of note, 803.
to surrender premises at end of lease, d. for breach of, 999j.
GUARANTOR, measure of d. against, 6066.
of bill, whether liable for protest, 700.
GUARANTY of collection of note, 803.
of debt, 806.
GUARDIAN, ancillary, 692A;.
bond of, 692/, n., 692fc.
liable for proceeds of real estate, 692A;.
I interest payable by, 311a, 311d.
liable for waste in New York, 950.
GUN, whether baggage, 873 n.
HABEAS CORPUS, recovery of expense of, in action for false imprisonment, 463.
HABIT OF INTOXICATION, of deceased, shown in action for death, 580a.
may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 641.
HACK, contract to carry sick person in, 164a.
HADLEY V. BAXENDALE, RULE IN, 144 et seq.
followed in America, 145.
meaning of, 146, 770, 891 n.
a rule of limitation, 147.
results of, 147a.
what are natural consequences undef, 148, 149.
as affected by Hobbs v. L. & S. W. Ry. Co., 150.
202
3218 INDEX
[Heferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
HADLEY V. BAXENDALE, RULE lN~Continlied.
breach of obligation of passenger carrier, 150, 867-871.
loss by flood, storm, or fire, 151.
natural causes supervene, 151.
what are natural consequences, 151 et seq.
delay or loss of machinery or supplies by carrier, 152.
deprivation of means of manufacture or trade, 153.
of money, 153a.
default of telegraph companies, 154, 169, 879.
of carrier of goods, 856.
failure to repair, 155.
loss upon resale, 156.
loss of sub-contract, 156, 740.
does not limit field of recovery in contract, 429 n.
effect of notice under. See Notice.
HALF-BREED SCRIP, value of, 531.
HAND, excessive d. for breaking bone in, 1349.
for loss of, 1357.
HANDS, wages of idle, 153 n.
necessity of discharging, 167.
HAPPINESS, compensation for loss of, 47.
HARBOR, deprivation of access to, 1093.
HARBORING, exemplary d. for, 376.
wife or husband, exemplary d. for, 376.
recoupment for, 1063.
HARD PAN, compensation for excavating, 655.
HARM, result of mental suffering, 43h.
HARMLESS, contract to save, 791-793.
HARNESS, recovery of nominal d. for, 171re.
value of, 251.
HARTER ACT, 596a.
HASTE, knowledge of necessity for, 169a.
HAUL, d. for breach of contract to, 614 n.
HAY, d. for breach of warranty of, 765.
HAZARD, salvage is reward for, 599c.
HEALTH, apprehension of injury to, 44.
compensation for injury to, by wrongful imprisonment, 457.
of children shown in action for death, 680.
of parties, may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 6416.
of assured, evidence of, in determining value of policy, 730.
injury to, by failure to provide berth in sleeping car, 873a.
d. for injury to, by misrepresentation of landlord as to premises, 990c.
impairment of, 1117 n.
danger to, 1165c.
injuries to, 1166d.
HEARING, excessive d. for destruction or impairment of, 1359.
HEARSE, for child's funeral, 43^.
HEAT, d. for breach of covenant to furnish, 995.
HEATING APPARATUS, failure to furnish proper kind, 165.
HEDGES, exemplary d. for injury to, 373.
INDEX 3219
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
HEIFER, injury to, by trespass of bull, 435.
HEIR, recovery of mesne profits by, 912.
from what time entitled to mesne profits, 912.
dower in improvements made by, 922.
HEMP, d. for delay in transportation of, 855.
HIGHER INTERMEDIATE VALUE, of goods, application of rule of avoidable
consequences to, 214.
connection of doctrine of, with replacement, 228ft.
rule of, 507 et seq.
actions in which rule of, is applied, 507.
in actions of detinue, 607, 527.
of replevin, -507, 533.
in action for failure to deliver stock, 508.
English rule as to, 508o.
of pledged stock wrongfully sold, 509, 511, 521.
in actions against brokers, 509-514, 521-524.
on conversion of chattels of fluctuating value, 509.
New York rule as to, 509-512, 520-523.
at reasonable time for replacement in the market, 510, 511, 512a.
of stock bought on a margin, 510, 513, 521.
rule as to, in the Supreme Court of the United States, 513.
in Pennsylvania, 514.
in Alabama, 515.
in South Carolina, 515.
in Wyoming, 515.
in Florida, 516.
in Arkansas, 516.
in Mississippi, 516.
in Indiana, 516o.
in Iowa, 5166.
in Texas, 516c.
in Australia, 516c.
in California, 517.
in Dakota, 517a.
in North Dakota, 517a.
in Oklahoma, 517a.
in Georgia, 517a.
in New Hampshire, 519.
in actions for failure to deliver chattels paid for in advance, 507, 514,
517, 519, 744-749.
in contracts to carry stock, 523.
on breach of contract to hold for a rise in the market, 524.
against factors, 524.
recovery of, in action for non-delivery of goods sold, 745 et seq.
in case of wrongful sale by agent, 821, 822, 824.
on sale below authorized price, 822.
HIGHEST INTERMEDIATE VALUE, 228/.
HIGHWAY, discontinuance of, 35 n.
obstruction of, 36 re. ,
stagnant water in, 35 n.
3220 INDEX
[ References are to sections, d, means damage; n. means note.]
HIGHWAY— Continued.
obstructing view, 35 n.
access from land to, 35 n.
wrongfully laid out, 93.
obstruction of, 101.
d. for laying railroad illegally in, 217.
recovery of expense of new road after destruction of, 226^.
value of land for, 252.
closing of, 1090.
construction of, 1108 n.
repairs of, 1108 n.
trespass on, not regarded as permanent, 924o.
taking of fee in, 1119 n.
additional servitude on, 1120.
railroad on, 1120.
taking of land in, 11496.
across railroad, 1152a, 1165, 1165c.
turnpike road taken for, 1171d.
appropriation of, for railroad purposes, 1173.
HINDOO LAW, 21.
HIRE OF CHATTELS, recoupment in case of, 1063.
HOAXES, injured feelings natural consequence of, 4Sj.
HOEL DDA, laws of, 10.
fines reckoned in cattle, 10.
HOGS, refusal by purchaser to accept, 757.
d. for failure to carry through without unloading, 852.
HOLIDAY TRADE, loss of, 169a, n.
HOME, recovery for deprivation of comforts of, by nuisance, 948.
set back, 1165.
HOMESTEAD, diminution in value of, 1149 n.
value of, 1171c.
HOMESTEADER, tenant of land, as may recover compensation in eminent
domain, 1154o, n.
value of interest in land taken, 1156.
HONOR, recovery for injury to, 50.
HOP-ROOTS, warranted, 191.
HOPS, value of land for growing, 252 n.
injury to, during carriage, 852.
HORSE, recovery for wounded feelings caused by malicious injury of, 44o.
represented as kind in harness, 164o.
recovery for use of, 171 n.
action for injuring, 200.
d. enhanced by attempt to cure, 226o.
value of, 252, 433.
d. for false representations or fraud in sale of, 441, 777.
death of, pending replevin proceeding, 691.
d. for breach of warranty of, 760, 761, 766, 773.
of title of, 774.
of quality of, 760.
d. for sale of, below agreed price, 822.
INDEX 3221
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
HORSE— Conimued.
d. for failure to transport, 843.
loss of sale of, through failure to transmit telegram, 883.
recoupment for fraud in exchange of, 1044.
in action for price of, 1040.
in action for hire of, 1063.
evidence of value of, 1296.
HORSE-RACING, profits from, 182a, n.
HORSE-RAILROADS, in streets, 1182.
HORSES, frightened by locomotive, whether cause of action, 33.
probable frightening of, 1165.
HOTEL, compensation for loss of use by lessee, 155,
first class, erection of, 170.
on the bank of river, 182.
d. for failure to give possession of, 185.
failure to move building for use as, 206n, 608.
Uquidated d. for breach of agreement to build, 416.
breach of contract to manage on shares, 625 n.
loss of profits of by nuisance, 948.
breach of covenant to stop trains at, 999.
HOTEL BILLS, recovery for, on failure to carry passenger, 862.
HOUSE, recovery for wrongful ejectment from, 44a.
for mortification by wrongful ejectment from, 47.
cost of repairing d. to, 171a, n.
contract to loan money for building house, 179 n.
d. for breach of contract to build, 226o, 615 n., 618 n., 621, 642 et seq.
to convey, 621.
d. for failure to complete, 633f2.
to repair, 633(2.
loss of, by fire, after repairs made on, 655c.
incomplete performance of contract to build, 656.
recovery for construction of, where work is accepted, 656.
constructed substantially according to agreement, 657.
d. for injunction against moving, 685c.
value of, 722.
burned without fault, no recovery for loss of, m action for mesne profits,
910.
d. for shutting off gas from, 944.
d. for destruction of, 944.
contract to build, in exchange for house and lot, 1020.
injury to, 1094.
pubUc, diminution of custom, 1105.
fire engine, erection of, 1123.
expense of moving, 1151, n.
undermining of, by rains, 1164.
taking of, 1169.
public, stand for, 11716.
evidence of value of, 1302.
HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, value of, 722.
HOUSEHOLD GOODS, value of, 251.
3222 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
HOUSEHOLD SUPPLIES, whether baggage, 873 n.
HOUSEKEEPER, recovery by, for services as nurse, 673e.
HOUSEWORK, compensation for loss of ability to perform, 486.
HULK, value of, 595.
HUMILIATION, compensation for, 47, 564.
recovery for sense of, in malicious prosecution, 458.
in action for false imprisonment, 462.
in action for seduction, 473.
in action for personal injury, 484.
in action for injury to land, 929.
by eviction from leased premises, 988o.
on unlawful execution of search warrant, 564.
of passenger by threatened expulsion from train, 865.
by refusal to admit to bath house, recovery for, 8736.
HURT, danger of members of family being, 1164.
HUSBAND, abusive language to, 43s, n.
assault on, 439, ^^
false report of accident to, 43j.
alienation of affections of, 47 n., 4806.
evidence of value of support of, 171a, n.
action for death of, 172a.
recovery by, for loss of consortium of wife, 48.
for avoidable loss of service of wife, 214a.
for medical aid to wife, 226/, n.
for injury to wife, 486o.
for death of wife, 578.
exemplary d. for harboring or enticing, 376.
liabihty of, in exemplary d. for tort of wife, 382.
must recover for loss of time of wife, 486.
not entitled to compensation for loss of society of wife, 573o.
for loss of companionship of wife, 578.
whether included in next of kin, 579.
d. for failure to deliver message announcing sicki;iess or death of, 8946.
HYPOTHETICAL reduction of d., 1161.
HYSTERIA, excessive d. for, 1360.
ICE, failure to supply, 164.
for carrying on an established business, 182.
profits of cutting, 182a, n.
contract to sell through plaintiff, 1936.
failure to supply, 205?i.
taken in replevin, duty to replace, 216.
value of, 434.
replevin of, 540.
d. for breach of contract to dehver, 614 n.
breach of contract to make, 620 n.
d. on injunction bond for preventing cutting of, 6856.
d. for wrongful cutting, 9356.
d. for breach of contract to furnish water for making, 999.
ICE BUSINESS, destruction of, by pollution of stream, 182 n.
INDEX 3223
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ICE CREAM, manufacture of, 164a.
injury to business, 182 n.
dj for breach of warranty of coloring matter for, 766.
ICE CROP, value of, allowing for contingencies of harvest, 191 ».
IDAHO constitution, provisions as to benefits in, 1145.
IDIOT, no exemplary d. against, 363.
ILLEGAL distress, 100, 944, 1057.
property, value of, 265.
seizure, 565.
purposes, value of goods used for, 943.
distraint, d. against landlord for, 990o.
entry on demised premises, d. for, 9906.
act, d. on bond for injunction against, 685.
ILLEGALITY, effect of, on value of property, 265.
on amount of recovery, 6066.
ILLINOIS, attempted distinction in, between exemplary and punitive d., 386.
statutory presumption in action for death in, 584a.
taking of property under constitution of 1870, 1121.
special d. in, 1121.
rule of eminent domain in, 1121.
meaning of "damaged" in, 1121.
English decisions on eminent domain cited in, 1121.
constitution of, referred to, 1122.
constitutional provisions as to benefit in, 1138.
d. when land not taken in, 1151 n.
possible expense of cattle guards in, 1167.
ILLNESS, d. for, from carrier's default, 150, 862, 863.
message conveying intelligence of, 169.
of passenger, caused by walking to destination, 212.
caused by fault of carrier, 226j.
resulting from false imprisonment, compensation for, 464.
interruption of services by, 672.
caused by delay in transportation, recovery for, 862.
resulting from delay in transporting passenger, recovery for, 863.
caused by wrongful expulsion of passenger, 867 et seq.
caused by expulsion from sleeping car, d. for, 873a.
caused by failure to deliver telegram to physician, 8816.
d. for failure to transmit message announcing, 894.
of relative, d. for failure to transmit telegram announcing, 8946.
caused by flooding land, recovery for, 942.
recovery of expenses of, caused by nuisance, 948.
recovery for, on eviction from leased premises, 988a.
recovery by tenant for, on breach of covenant by landlord to repair, 992.
d. for, by failure of landlord to heat, 995.
ILLWILL, exemplary d. for, 364.
IMAGINATIVE, physical' injury distinguished from, 42.
IMPAIRED ACCESS, 1164.
IMPAIRMENT of access, 1117.
by elevation of roadway, 1123.
by viaduct, 1121.
3224 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
IMPAIRMENT— Conimued.
of earning power, excessive d. for, 1354.
of health, 1117 n.
of mental power, 172a.
of physical capacity, recovery for, in action for physical injury, 485.
of physical power, 172o, 485a.
of usefulness for manufacturing purposes, 1165&.
of value of franchise, 1173.
IMPEDING ACCESS, 1165a.
IMPERFECT PRIVILEGE, d. for defamation affected by, 4486.
IMPLIED CONTRACT. See Quantum Mekuit.
of indemnity, 785.
measure of recovery on, 649 et seq.
I. — No Express Contract
quantum meruit, 649.
measure of compensation on a quantum meruit, 650.
contract void by statute of frauds, 651.
failure of consideration, 652.
compensation for work and labor, 653.
waiver of tort, 654.
deviation from contract by consent, extra work, 655.
II. — Rescission op Express Contract
nature of rescission, 655a.
rescission for default of defendant, 6556.
rescission by act of God or of the law: impossibility of performance, 655c.
cancellation according to the terms of the contract, 655d.
rescission by mutual consent or mistake, 655e.
III. — Express Contract Perpoemed
full performance of express contract, 655/.
acceptance of work not according to the contract, 656.
substantial performance, 657.
IV. — -Express Contract Unperpoemed
abandonment or substantial non-performance of contract, 658.
jurisdictions refusing recovery, 659.
jurisdictions allowing recovery; Britton v. Turner, 660.
rule in Vermont, 661.
measure of recovery, 662.
recovery by an infant, 663.
IMPORTER, obligation of, to pay fine, 148.
IMPOSITION of servitudes on property, 1116.
IMPOSSIBILITY not required by rule of avoidable consequences, 220.
of performance, rescission for, 655c.
IMPRISONMENT. See False Imprisonment.
recovery of d. for, 43, 457.
discharge from, 101.
IMPROPER CONSTRUCTION of causeway, 1123 n.
of railroad, 1110 n.
IMPROVEMENTS, when allowed in ejectment, 903, 904.
good faith required for allowance of, 903, 904, 916.
value of use of, not rooovorable as mesne profits, 909a.
INDEX 3225
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.'
IMPROVEMENTS— CorcMwMed.
interest on, 909a.
value of use of, in actions for mesne profits, 909a,
when allowed in action for mesne profits, 915.
allowed for, must be of lasting value, 917.
value of, how measured, 917.
right of dower in, 922.
in case of breach of covenant of warranty, 958, 959, 963 n., 964 w.
recovery of cost of, on covenant against incumbrances, 971.
recovery of value of, on eviction, 988a.
d. on breach of covenant to make, 993.
d. on covenant to submit value of, to arbitration, 997.
value of, 997.
money spent for, recoverable on refusal to convey land, 1012a, 1017.
value of, included in value of land, 1018.
expense of, recoverable on misrepresentation of title to land, 1027.
on land taken, recovery for, 1104.
incidents of, 1108.
change in structure of, 1109.
negligence in planning, 1110 n.
by town or cities, 1112, 1126. See Municipal Improvements.
in street, 1123 n.
placed on land taken after order of condemnation, 1151.
on adjoining land, 1162.
proposed, 1162.
evidence of cost of, 1171e.
market value without, 1171e.
affixed to land, 1174.
placed on land by railway, 1175.
compensation for, 1176.
INABILITY to make title, d. for breach of contract to convey land because of,
1010.
INADEQUATE consideration, 6066.
of bill or note, 659.
price paid by plaintiff does not reduce mesne profits, 908.
verdict in action for death, 582.
INADEQUATE DAMAGES, 1368.
failure to allow d. where compensation should be given, 1369.
what are, 1370.
for torts in general, 1370.
for personal injuries, 1371.
for death, 582, 1372.
INCIDENTAL injury, to land not taken, 1112a, n.
INCIDENTS of improvement, 1108.
INCOME which would have been received from labor, 180.
of deceased may be shown in action for death, 580o.
from investments, not considered in d. for death, 574.
of land does not measure mesne profits, 908.
of officer, on which bond apphcable, 692e.
of real estate, not chargeable on bond of executor or administrator, 692j.
3226 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INCOMPETENCE of physician, whether chargeable to injured party, 2216. \
aggravation of injury by, 2216, n.
INCOMPLETE PERFORMANCE, acceptance of, 656.
INCONTINENCE, may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 641.
INCONVENIENCE, when compensated, 42.
not unless physical, 46a.
no evidence of value of, 171a.
indenmity against, 793.
d. for, 862, 864, 1123, 1165.
of access, 1164. '
to business, llS2a, 1169.
at connections, 1150.
of crossing, 1165.
in crossing railroad tracks, 1164, 11656.
personal, 1094, 1097.
to tenants, 1165.
caused by breach of contract, 42.
delay in construction, 642.
injury to passenger, 860.
delay in carrying passenger, 862.
failure to carry passenger to destination, 864.
carriage of passenger beyond station, 864o.
expulsion from train, 865.
failure to transmit telegram, 8816.
flooding land, 942.
flooding cellar, 948.
nuisance, 948.
eviction from leased premises, 988a.
division of property, 1163.
noise, 1163.
no d. for, where railroad crossing is laid out over railroad, 1152a.
INCONVENIENT shape in which part not taken was left, 1164.
INCREASE "of property, compensation for, 498, 639.
in action of conversion, 498.
in replevin, 539.
of burden, 11496.
of dust, 1101. ,
in expense of existing business, 1152o.
in market value, 1162.
considered in assessing benefits for opening streets, 1128.
in noise, 1101.
in rate of insurance, 1166 n.
in value, from raihoad, 1122.
INCREASED burden of fencmg, 1163.
cost of insurance, 1166.
difficulty of access, 1163.
insurance rates, 11666, n.
liability to overflow of water, 1164.
INCREASING frequency of trains, 1109 n.
number of railroad tracks, 1109 n.
INDEX 3227
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INCUMBRANCE, agreement to pay off, 168.
expense of removing, 226e.
d. for placing on ward's estate, 692fc.
d. for existence of, against agent to invest, 8186.
covenant to remove, 972.
d. for failure of agent to discharge, 829.
to find, 830.
by outstanding lease or right of dower, d. for, 976.
barred by statute of limitations, expense of extinguishing not reasonable,
980.
on land, misrepresentation as to, 1028.
INCUMBRANCES, COVENANT AGAINST, 226c.
nommal d. for breach of, 106, 953, 973, 976.
interest on breach of, 312 n.
what constitutes breach of, 967.
when broken, 968.
successive actions on, 968.
d. where incumbrance is removable, 968.
upon total eviction, 969.
for permanent incumbrance, 970.
compensation for improvements in action on, 971.
reasonable expenses of extinguishing incumbrances, 971, 979, 980.
broken by mortgage, 974.
upon eviction from part of land, 975.
upon partial failure of title, 976.
removed by doctrine of estoppel by deed, 977.
reduction -of d.' for breach of, 978.
extinguishment of, 979.
consequential d., 980a.
interest, 981.
expenses of obtaining or defending possession, 982, 983.
recoupment for breach of, 1053.
INDEBITATUS ASSUMPSIT, 657.
INDEBTEDNESS, how far a d., 790.
INDECENT ASSAULT, recovery for shame and hmniliation by, 47.
for loss of honor by, 50.
INDECENT CONDUCT, may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 641.
INDEFINITENESS, fatal to recovery of substantial d., 170 n.
INDEMNITY to attaching sheriff, bond for, 684o.
exception to rule of, on marine poUcy, 716.
by principal to agent, 834.
by sub-lessee to lessee, 1000.
against losses by fire, 1163.
covenant for, in case of failure of title, 1008.
bond of. See Bond.
INDEMNITY, CONTRACT OF, 784 et seq.
litigation expenses recoverable on, 238, 803, 806.
none where suit was unnecessary, 804.
notice of suit, 805.
marine insurance is, 709.
3228 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INDEMNITY, CONTRACT OF— Continued.
fire insurance is, 720.
life insurance is not, 729.
between principal and surety, 784.
implied, 785.
when not implied, 785.
express, 786.
interpretation of, 787.
measure of d. on, 788.
against debt, 788 n., 793, 795.
against liability, 788, 795.
against loss or inconvenience, 793.
to pay or discharge a debt, 789.
the rule not to be approved on principle, 790.
to indemnify or save harmless, 791.
early oases erroneous, 792.
later cases follow the true rule, 793.
no recovery without actual loss, 793a.
actual loss always recoverable, 794.
contracts to save from liability, etc., 795.
against judgments, 795.
against actions, suits, or claims, 795, 803.
against trouble, 795.
against costs, 795, 803.
what is payment of debt, 796.
by note, 796, 797.
must be accepted in full satisfaction, 796, 798.
by bond, 796, 799.
by land or goods, 796, 800.
by mortgage, 796, 800.
no more than actual loss recoverable, 801.
judgment against surety whether conclusive against principal, 802.
consequential d. for breach of, 806.
action between co-sureties on, 807.
amount of contribution, 807o.
insolvency or discharge of a surety, 8076.
interest and attorney's fees, 807c.
costs and legal expenses, 808.
reduction of surety's claim, 808a.
INDEPENDENT AGENCY, intervention of, 1164.
INDEPENDENT AGREEMENTS, no recoupment in case of, 1042.
INDETERMINATE AND DETERMINATE DAMAGES, 359.
INDIANA, rule in, for rate of interest on overdue paper, 328.
as to higher intermediate value, 516a.
presumption of loss in action for death in, 584a.
recovery of higher intermediate value of goods sold, 745.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
INDIGNITY, compensation for, 47.
in action for malicious prosecution, 458.
for false imprisonment, 462.
INDEX 3229
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INDIGNITY— Con^mwed.
tor physical injury, 484.
on wrongful expulsion from railway car, 865.
from theatre, 8736.
of imprisonment, compensation for, 458, 462.
INDIRECT BENEFIT, 1162.
INDIRECT INJURIES, 1120.
INDIVIDUALS, Uability of, 1120.
INDORSEE of bill or note, recovery by, 704.
liability of, 704.
' liability of, to costs of prior suit, 705.
INDORSEMENT of note, estoppel to deny, 708.
d. for breach of warranty of, 775.
INDORSER, recovery of costs by, 705.
liability of, to expenses, 705.
INEVITABLE loss from other causes, reduction of d. because of, 928
accident, whether loss divided in qase of, 587.
INFANT, 226/.
recovery by, upon leaving service before completion of contract, 663.
recovery for services of, 673a.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE, loss by communication of, 125.
recoupment for communication of, 1060. See Disease.
INFLUENCE, UNDUE, a ground for setting aside verdict for exemplary d., 388.
INFRINGEMENT of right, nominal d. for, 98.
of easement, 1165a.
of personal pleasure or convenience, 1123.
of patent. See Patent.
INHERENT DEFECT, in property replevied, 691.
INHERITANCE of property by plaintiff, cannot be shown in action for death,
583.
diminution in value of, by waste, 950.
INJUNCTION, equity operates by, 3.
preventing use of coal lands, 184.
recovery of value of time spent in securing dissolution of, 226i.
of expense of dissolving, 237.
against paying money, suspension of interest by, 341
no recovery on bond for loss not caused by, 6856.
d. recoverable on bond. See Injunction Bond.
right to, in elevated railway cases, 1196.
patentee entitled to, 1214.
d. on dissolution of, 12866.
bond for vacating, 685o.
INJUNCTION BOND, expenses of resisting or dissolving injunction recoverable
on, 226i, 237.
d. recovered on, 685 et seq.
pending appeal, 685.
must be proved, 685.
d. in original suit, whether conclusive in action on, 685.
injunctions preventing use of land, 685a.
against taking a profit from land, 685b-
3230 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INJUNCTION BONI>— Continued.
other injunctions concerning land, 685c.
injunctions against doing work, Q85d.
against carrying on business, 685e.
against working mine, 6856.
recovery for loss of property on account of, 685e.
recovery of wages paid on account of, 685e.
against constructing a building or other work, 685/.
against collecting a judgment or other debt, 685ff.
against a sale, Q85h.
against other acts, 685i.
counsel fees incurred on account of the injunction, 685j.
in the entire litigation, 685J;.
not chargeable to defendant, 685/.
amount of, recoverable, exorbitant charges, 685to.
other expenses of litigation, 685n.
liability of commissioner for accepting void, 692ff.
"INJURED" or "damaged" property, 1118.
INJURIA SINE DAM NO, 32, 96o, 99, 812.
INJURIOUS, meaning of, 1149o.
"INJURIOUSLY AFFECTED," meaning of, 1105, 1118, 1149o.
INJURIOUSLY AFFECTING other lands, 1088, 1102, 1105.
INJURY.
I. — Genebal Principles
elements of, 37.
insurance not deducted from recovery for, 67a.
imports d., 97.
implied by law, 97.
liability for direct, though not contemplated, 112.
stipulated sum not proportioned to, a penalty, 412.
II. — In Taking by Eminent Domain
d. include consequential, 1101.
compensation for, 1106.
incidental, to land not taken, 1112a, n.
short of taking, 1149.
after completion of railroad, 1151 n.
estimate of, 1162.
amount of, 1163.
exposure to, in crossing railroad, 11656.
III. — Kinds oe
common, 1165a.
general, 1117.
indirect, 1120.
particular, 1164.
permanent, 1110.
from change of grade, 1123.
personal, 1090.
physical, 1117 n.
to property, 1121.
,. private, 1123.
INDEX 3231
IReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
imVRY— Continued.
probable, 172.
public, 1123.
renewed, 88.
special, 1117.
IV.— To What
adjacent property, 1115.
affections, 638a.
buildings, 1117 n.
business, 1169.
crops, 1175.
feelings. See Mental Sottering.
fences, 1117 n.
feny, 1173.
goods during transportation, 852.
health, 1166d.
house, 1094.
land, 1120.
land not taken, 1119.
machinery, 190.
natural beauty, 1123o.
property, 316.
relations, 48.
right given by common law, 39.
support of property, 1116.
trade, 1090.
trees, 1166e.
V. — From What Cause
animals. See Animals.
cinders, 1165.
leakage, 1164.
noise, 1165.
operation of railroad, 1109.
seepage, 1164.
smoke, 1165.
user, 1090.
INLAND BILLS, re-exchange on, 700a.
INNKEEPER, Uabihty of, for mjury to guests, 8736.
INSANITY, injury causing apprehension of, 44.
caused by malicious prosecution, compensation for, 457.
by false imprisonment, recovery for, 457.
in family of party, may be shown on breach of proDMse of marriage,
6416.
misrepresentation as to, 1028.
excessive d. for, 1361.
of defendant, d. for slander mitigated by, 448.
INSCRUTABLE FAULT, collision by, 587.
division of loss in case of, 587.
INSECTS, d. for attracting, 942.
d. for generation of, by nuisance, 948.
3232 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INSOLVENCY of debtor whether provable in action against pubUc oflBcer, 549-
551, 554-557.
provable on bail bond, 686.
d. for, on injunction bond, 685^.
pending appeal, recovery for, 688o.
of insurer, d. caused by, 730.
of maker, value of bill or note how affected by, 256.
of surety, effect of, 8075.
interest in, 311/.
when suspended by, 340a.
INSTALMENT, recoupment m action for, 1051.
non-payment of, justifies rescission of contract, 655a.
INSTALMENTS, debt payable by, 89 n.
liquidated d. on contract payable by, 412.
repudiation of contract performablie by, 6366.
contract to pay debt by, 636ff.
sale of goods to be deUvered by, 737.
recoupment in contract performable in, 1051.
INSTRUCTIONS OF COURT on right to give exemplary d., 387.
on questions of d., 1320.
erroneous, 1321.
INSUFFICIENT bail or surety, d. for taking, 555.
verdict in action for death, 582.
INSULT, compensation for sense of, 47.
exemplary d. for, 364, 365.
compensation for, in action for physical injury, 484.
in case of expulsion of passenger from train, 866.
in action for refusal to admit to bath house, 873b.
in action for injury to land, 929.
recovery for, by guest of inn, 8736.
INSURABLE INTEREST required for poUcy of life insurance, 729.
INSURANCE, amount of, 67a.
lapse of endowment policy of, through negligence of carrier, 212.
contract to assign, 226.
value of policy of, 259.
interest upon policy of, 301.
interest on unvalued policy of, 312.
interest for failure to adjust loss on policy of, 314a.
d. for fraud in inducing contract of, 439c.
life tables used in, not conclusive evidence of probable duration of life,
681.
payment of, does not reduce d. for collision, 591.
breach of contract to procure, 623.
option to rebuild, in contract of, 635.
of goods pending injunction, recovery of cost of, 686A.
recovery on note given for premiums for, 703.
d. for negUgence in procuring, 817.
increase in rates of, 1166.
INSURANCE, ACCIDENT, 731.
INDEX 3233
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INSURANCE, ASSESSMENT, 732.
INSURANCE, FIRE, 720 et seq.
a contract of indemnity, 720.
actual loss recoverable, 720.
no abandonment in, 720.
no valued policy of, 720.
measure of d. 5n policy of, 720, 721, 722.
value of property insured, 722.
partial loss, 722.
valued policies, 722a.
election of insurer to rebuild; alternative contract, 723.
proximate cause, 723a.
consequential loss, 724.
interest on policy of, 724.
recovery by owner of a limited interest, 725.
d. on policy of, how affected by title, 725.
reduction of d. on policy of, 726.
clauses limiting liability, 726.
breach of contract to issue policy, 727.
loss of, through defendant's fault, 727.
reinsurance, 728.
INSURANCE, LIFE, 729, 730.
not a contract of indemnity, 729.
measure of d. on policy of, 729.
mutual policy, 730.
value of policy of, 730.
breach of contract to issue or continue policy of, 730.
assessment policy, 732.
INSURANCE, MARINE, 709 et seq.
a contract of indemnity, 709.
"one-third new for old," 709, 711, 715.
abandonment for constructive total loss, 709.
total loss on policy of, 710.
constructive total loss, 711.
open policy of, 712.
measure of loss on, 712.
value of cargo, 712.
loss of freight on, 712.
recovery of expenses on, 712.
valued policy of, 711, 713.
measure of loss on, 713.
on freight, 713.
partial loss on policy of, 714.
value of cargo upon, 714.
duties, whether included in value, 714.
limitation of recovery to loss of some magnitude, 715.
exceptions to rule of indemnity, 716.
general average, 717.
valuation of vessel and cargo in, 717.
consequential loss, whether recoverable on, 718.
203
3234 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INSURANCE, MARINE— Corefirewed.
proximate cause in actions on, 718.
reduction of d. on, 719.
INSURANCE AGENT, entitled to d. for failure to employ, 8345.
commissions on renewals, 834e.
INSURANCE BROKER, liability of, to principal, 817.
INSURANCE COMPANY, recovery by, on premium note, 603.
against agent for wrongful insurance, SlSa.
refusal by, to issue or continue policy of life insurance, 730.
INSURANCE MONEY not recoverable on bond of executor or administrator,
692j.
carrier entitled to deduction of, 849.
collection of, by landlord, no defense to action for rent, 999c.
INSURANCE POLICY, avoidable consequences on breach of contract to assign,
226.
interest on, 289, 301.
time from which interest runs on, 302.
value of, 259, 730.
contract to assign, 623.
to keep valid, 623.
no reduction of d. because of recovery on, 860.
INSURANCE RATES, increased, 11666, n.
INSURANCE RENEWALS, compensation for loss of commission on. 834e
INSURE, d. against agent to, 817, 818.
covenant of lessee to, 999i.
breach of contract to, 623.
INSURER, election of, to rebuild, 723.
INTELLECTUAL TRAINING, loss of, by death of parent, 577.
INTELLIGENCE, telegraph company is carrier of, 874.
contracts to convey, 875.
INTEMPERANCE, verdict set aside for, 1326.
INTENT, recovery of interest not affected by, 342.
bearing of, on liquidation of d., 408.
immaterial on breach of contract, 603.
evidence of, 1305.
INTENTIONAL, whether infliction of mental suffering was, 43j.
INTEREST.
I. — In General
measure of value of use of money, 1716, 174, 179, 282, 1179o.
adopted by law, 179.
effect of, on liquidated d., 406.
from date of note not paid at maturity as liquidated d., 411.
nature of, 282.
by agreement, 282.
origin of allowance of, 283.
time of allowance of, 1179a.
whether must be specially claimed in pleadings, 1264.
the conflict of laws as to the rate of, 1377-1379.
compound, See Compound Interest.
INDEX 3235
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INTEREST— Conimwed.
II. — ^English Law
origin of the allowance of interest, 283.
rule laid down by Lord Mansfield, 284,
time of payment indefinite, 285.
fraud, 286.
mercantile securities, 287.
contract, express or implied, 288.
interest by statute, discretionary power of jury, 289.
by way of d. for detention of money, 290.
on overdue paper, 290.
result of the English cases, 291.
III. — ^American Law
difference between English and American law, 292.
interest as d., frequently regulated by statute, 293.
money vexatiously withheld, statutory rule, 294.
allowance and amount of interest formerly matter for the jury, 295.
now usually a question of law, 296.
gradual extension of principles allowing interest as matter of l^w, 297.
interest by custom, 298.
IV. — Liquidated Demands
liquidated and unliquidated demands, 299.
unsatisfactory character of the test, 300.
general rule, 301.
for non-payment of money, 301.
after maturity of note, 301.
on capital of firm not advanced, 301.
on policy of insurance, 301, 724.
on liquidated d., 301.
stockholders' liability, 301a.
contracts for the sale of land, 3016.
legacies, 301c.
time from which interest runs, 302.
interest on money payable on demand, 302a.
money illegally acquired or used, 303.
money paid out for the defendant, 304.
money had and recdved by the defendant, ,305.
money received or retained by mutual mistake, 306.
rent, 307, 919.
in distraint, 307.
on mesne profits, 307, 919.
sale of goods at fixed price, 308.
time from which recoverable, 308.
after reasonable time, 308.
sale on credit, 308.
work and labor done for a fixed price, 308a.
demand prevented by defendant's act, 309.
simple running account, 310.
partnership accounts, 310a.
balance of a mutual account, 311.
3236 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INTEREST— Conttreued.
on account stated, 311.
on brokers' accounts, 311.
interest by a fiduciary, 311o.
executor or administrator, 3116.
trustee, 311c.
guardian, 311(2.
agent, 3 lie.
receiver or assignee of insolvent estate, 311/.
V. — Unliquidated Demand
unliquidated d. in actions of contract, 312.
d. capable of computation. New York rule, 313.
does not extend to mutual accounts, 313.
failure to deliver goods, 313a.
time from which it runs, 314.
allowed at least from date of writ, 315.
demand for settlement or payment, 314.
duty to liquidate claim, 314a.
amount payable subject to reduction by unliquidated sum, 3146.
general conclusion, 315.
interest in actions of tort, 316.
on breach of warranty of chattel, 316.
value of property destroyed or converted, 317.
on property destroyed by mob, 317.
in case of collision, 317.
in case of replevin, 317.
property destroyed by negligence against carrier, 318.
change of judicial opinion in favor of interest, 319.
the rule in Pennsylvania, 320.
in Massachusetts, 321.
in the Supreme Court of the United States, 322.
interest in patent suits, 323.
interest in admiralty, 324.
VI. — ^Ratb of Interest
general rules as to rate, 282, 324a, 538.
change in statutory rate of, 324a.
on overdue paper, 325 el seq., 696, 698, 699.
contract and statute rate, 325.
conflict of authority, 326.
rules in the Supreme Court of the United States, 327.
conflict of decisions in Indiana, 328.
general conclusion, 329.
expressed intention always governs, 330.
on demand note, 330.
interest "till paid," 330.
stipulation for a higher rate after maturity, 331.
VII. — Interest in Special Cases
property taken by eminent domain, 231a.
on taxes, 332.
on fines and penalties, 333.
INDEX 3237
IReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INTEREST— ConWwwed.
on judgments, 334.
between verdict and judgment, 335.
in error, 336.
by U. S. judiciary act, 336.
from municipal corporations, 337.
from the state, 338.
VIII. — Relief from Payment of Interest
after payment of the principal, 339.
effect of partial payments, 339a.
what will relieve defendant from, 340.
laches or fault of creditor, 340.
death or insolvency, 340a.
tender, 3406.
offer of settlement, 3406.
war, 340c.
legal process, 341.
foreign attachment or trustee process, 341.
injunction, 341.
not affected by intent, 342.
IX. — Compound Interest
compound interest not originally allowed, 343.
except by mercantile custom, or for fraud, 344.
never allowed by way of d., 345.
on arrears of stipulated interest, 345.
on annuity, 345.
on coupons or other separable obligations for interest, 346.
X. — Interest in Various Actions Sounding in Contract
as d. for breach of contract to pay money, 6226.
on value of property where sale is prevented, Q85h.
on note, 696 et seq.
by the civil and French law, 697.
not formerly allowed, 698.
for delay in paying insurance policy, 724.
recoverable against co-surety, 807c.
on deposit, liability of unauthorized agent for, 838.
in action for carrier's delay in delivery, 854.
on value of goods recoverable from carrier, 844.
on expense of repairs, 919.
XI. — In Actions on Bonds
on penalty of bond, 678, 680.
on statutory bond, 680.
on injunction bond, 685.
where payment of money was enjoined, 685j, 685j.
on poor debtor's bond, 686.
on appeal bond, 688.
where sale suspended by appeal, 688a.
on money tied up by appeal, 688a.
on replevin bond, 689o.
on official bond, 692.
3238 INDEX
[References' are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INTEREST— Continued.
on sheriff's bond, 692i.
on guardian's bond, 692k.
on bond of officer of corporation, 694,
XII. — In Actions Concekninq Real Estate
on mesne profits, 919.
on cost of extinguishing incumbrances, 979.
in action on real covenants, 981.
none where defendant had possession without liability for mesne
profits, 981.
on arrears of rent, 999a.
on price payable for land, 1025.
from vendee of land who makes default, 1025.
not allowed as d. for delay in conveying land, 1021a.
XIII. — In Actions Soundinq in Tort
on property illegally attached, 565.
in conversion, 493.
on value of the property as value of use, 633b.
of vessel, 593.
XIV. — In Other Actions
in replevin, 538, 690.
in admiralty, 597a.
rate of, 597o.
on demurrage, 597a.
in collision cases, 597o.
on stipulation, 598.
in patent suits, 1244.
on profits of infringement, 1244.
on expenses, 1245.
in equity, 1256fc.
INTEREST OF PLAINTIFF, d. as affected by. See Owner, Special.
nature of, taken by eminent domain, 1084.
value of reversionary, 1084, 1085.
in land, meaning of, 1097.
in mineral land, life, 1105.
injuriously affected, 1105.
required for recovery erf compensation in eminent domain, llS4a.
leasehold, 1172.
in pending proceeding, 1179a.
INTJERETS AND DOMMAGES-INTSRETS, 25.
INTERFERENCE, destruction of beneficial use by physical, 1116.
with access, temporary, 1117 n.
with access to ferry, 1096.
with beneficial use of property, 1114.
with easement, 1096.
in street, 1123.
with flow of water, 1096.
with property, 1114.
with privacy, 1096, 1165.
with public use, 1166b,
INDEX 3239
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
INTERFERENCE— CowWwwed.
with right, 1094.
with underground water, 1096.
with water rights, 1120.
INTERMEDIATE COURT, d. on bond given on appeal to, 688.
INTERMEDIATE VALUE. See Hiqheh Intermediate Value.
INTERMIXTURE, effect of, on d., 505.
INTERPRETATION, rules of, in connection with Uquidated d., 409.
of contract of indemnity, 787.
English rules of, criticised, 1105.
INTERRUPTION of access, 1123.
of work, 685/.
INTERVENING cause in action of contract, 602 n.
INTOXICATING LIQUORS, liquidated d. on breach of contract to refrain from,
415.
INTOXICATION, whether affecting d. for defamation, 448,
habits of, may be shown in action for death, 580a.
INVASION of real estate, 1116.
of easement of light, air, or access, 1116.
INVENTORY, recovery for failure to file, on bond of executor or administrator,
692i.
d. on guardian's for failure to file, 6Q2h.
as evidence of value, 1299.
INVESTIGATION of title, attorney's negfigence in, 830.
expense of, when recoverable, 835, 1017.
INVESTMENT, purchase of stock for, 228/.
trustee chargeable with interest for failure to make, 311c.
income from, not considered in d. for death, 574.
d. for improper, by guardian, 692fc.
d. against agent to make, 830.
INVESTMENT POLICY, value of, 730.
IOWA, law of, as to higher intermediate value, 5166.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148, 1152.
cost of building fence in, 1167 n.
IRON, d. for breach of warranty trf, 770.
recoupment in action for price of, 1043.
IRON WORK, d. for breach of contract to do; 614 n.
IRRELIGIOUS PAMPHLETS, value of, 265.
IRRIGATE, breach of contract to, 620 n.
IRRIGATION, d. for breach of contract to supply water for, 205 n., 633e.
d. for enjoining use of ditch for, 685e.
ISLAND, cannot be treated as entire tract with land on river bank, 1154 n.
condemnation of, for boom, 1171e.
JAIL, d. caused by bad condition of, 457.
compensation for filthy condition of, 464.
JAW, excessive d. for fracture of, 1351.
JETTISON of cargo, recovery for, 717.
JEWEL, proof of value of, 170a, n.
presumption of value of, 1300.
3240 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
JEWELRY, evidence of profits by jobber of, 181«.
whether baggage, 873.
JEWISH LAW, 20.
JOINDER, of similar causes, 84a.
JOINT EXECUTORS, bond of, 692/.
JOINT OWNER OF CHATTELS, d. recoverable by, 83.
for injury to property, 83.
JOINT TORTS, award of d. for, 1279, 1280.
JOINT WRONG-DOERS, exemplary d. against, 382.
reduction of d. by part compensation by one, 57.
recovery against, 431.
liable for all d., 431.
under Civil Damage Act, 1251.
JOKE, d. not mitigated because caused by, 432.
JOLTS, at connections, 1150.
JOURNEY, caused by failure to deliver telegram, 881o.
JUDEX, 1312.
office of the, under the Roman law, 18, 22, 23.
JUDGE, liable for malfeasance in ministerial duty, 692g.
liability on bond of, 692ff.
relative power of, 1311.
power of, relatively to jury. See Court.
JUDGMENT in tort, bar to second suit, 84.
rendered in other action, 856.
satisfaction of, coupers right to do act, 94.
expense of setting aside wrongful, 226c, n.
no recovery of counsel fees in suit to set aside, 235a.
form of, on contract payable in gold, 271.
interest on, 334.
no exemplary d. for execution of, 3776.
assignment of, 634.
d. for breach of term of assignment of, 634
d. for wrongful discharge of, 634.
recovery on bond to pay, 684.
d. for injunction against collecting, 685(7.
amount of, recoverable on bail bond, 686.
recoverable on appeal bond, 688.
no recovery for loss of, by appeal which does not suspend its operation,
688a.
in replevin suit, amount of recoverable on bond, 689a.
recovery of value of, in action on sheriff's bond, 692i.
indenmity against, 795.
effect of, in suit against surety, 802.
in ejectment not conclusive as to period of possession, 911.
recoupment on sale of, 1061.
a bar in elevated railway eases, 1206.
form of, 1207.
arrest of, for error in awarding d., 1277.
when arrested for misjoinder, 1277.
the conflict of laws as to interest upon, 1378.
INDEX 3241
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
JUDGMENT— Conimwed.
confessed, in condemnation proceedings, 1109, n.
on official bond, security for further recovery, 692.
JUDICIAL ACT, no exemplary d. for, 3776.
JUDICIAL BONDS, miscellaneous, QQld.
JUDICIAL OFFICER, recovery on bond of, 692^.
JUDICIAL OBJECTION to English rule, 1105.
JUNCTION, expenses of waiting at, recoverable, 863.
JUNIOR MORTGAGE, effect of, on amount of recovery, 497/.
JUNK shop, measure of d. for injury to owner of, 180.
JURISDICTION, affected by d., 1285.
JURORS, originally witnesses, 1316.
JURY, trial by, 17.
its origin, 18.
quantum of d. a question for, 19.
called "chancellors," 19, 397, 605.
early indefiniteness of its powers, 19.
value found by, without evidence, 171a.
fact and amount of future loss a question for, 172a.
determines reasonableness of expense of attempt to avoid loss, 228.
discretion of, as to interest, 289, 295, 317, 321, 324.
allowance of interest formerly for, 295.
interest for negligent injury allowed in discretion of, 318.
original position of, in assessment of d., 349.
allowed to give liberal d. imder circumstances of aggravation, 350.
how far controlled by court in awarding exemplary d., 387.
question of allowing exemplary d. for, 387.
not to be instructed to give exemplary d., 387.
or not to give them, if any evidence justifies them, 387.
relation of, to award of exemplary d., 387.
amount of exemplary d. for, 388.
subject to revision of court, 388.
discretion of, in Alabama, in allowing higher intermediate value, 515.
discretion of, in assessing future loss from death, 574.
what to consider in actions for death of minor, 575.
discretion of, in determining amount of d. for death, 582.
in actions of contract, 605.
former vague discretion of, in action of contract, 605.
discretion of, in allowing d. for breach of promise of marriage, 637.
must assess actual d., in action on bond, 675e.
former discretion of, 811.
relative power of, 1311.
rule changed by statute, 1317.
decides all questions of fact, 1317.
judges as to exemplary d., 1318.
improper reasoning by, not conclusive, 1319.
power of, to act without evidence of d., 1322.
wrong measure of d. adopted by, 1323.
modes of computing d, allowed, 1324.
verdict of, when set aside as excessive, 1325^^.
3242 INDEX
[References are to sectionR, d. means damage; n. means note.]
JUST COMPENSATION, meaning of, 1150.
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, d. against, for negHgenee, 559.
JUSTIFICATION, PLEA OF, as aggravation of d. for libel and slander, 447.
fot false imprisonment, 466.
for breach of promise of marriage, 640a.
JUSTINIAN, institutes of, 1314.
JUSTINIAN'S LAWS, definition of d. in, 22.
as to sale of chattels, 782.
JUTE, d. for failure to furnish cargo of, 858.
KANSAS, change of street grade in, 1112<t.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
railroad under no obligation to construct farm-crossings in, 1167.
■KEEPING CATTLE OUT, annoyance of, 1164.
cost of, 1164.
KENTUCKY, rule of d. for death in, 574a.
recovery of higher intermediate Value of goods sold, 746.
rule in, for d. on breach of covenant of warranty, 959'.
"consequential damages " in, 1123.
provision of constitution on eminent dbmaih, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1138o.
KILLING STOCK, danger of, 1165, 1165e.
KIN. See Next op Kin.
KIND of property which may be taken, 1107.
KINDNESS, of child, recovery for loss of, 576.
KINSHIP, of parties, may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 6416.
KNEE, excessive d. for breaking, 1348.
KNOWLEDGE, of injury necessary before consequences avoided, 223.
LABEL, UNION, liquidated d. for breach of contract not to use, 415, 416.
LABOR, special evidence of capacity to, 171a, n.
d. for injury to capacity for, 484, 486.
recovery for loss of capacity for, 485.
expended on converted property, recovery for, 499/".
recovery of value increased by, in rephjvin, 534.
ability and disposition of deceased to, 574a.
breach of contract for exchange of, 621.
d. for breach of contract to expend, on property,. 633ci.
d. for loss of, by injunction, 685/.
bestowed on property taken by replevin, allowance for, 690".
of defendant, allowance for, in action for cutting trees, 934.
d. for breach of contract to convey land in return for, 1012.
excessive d. for inability to, 1354.
LABORER, leaving before expiration of time, 151.
value of services found by jury, 171a, n.
value of time of, 255.
d. for breach of contract to employ, 607.
LACHES, as barring interest, 3016.
interest prevented by, 3116, 340.
of creditor, as barring interest, 340.
INDEX 3243
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.J
LACK of legal authority, 1110.
LADING, d. for delay in, 857.
LAND,
I. — General Pmncipms
nominal d. for injuring, 99, 101, 107a, n.
for attachment, 682.
evidence of profits of dealer in, 181 n.
intended for sale, 185.
expense of restoring after injury, 226d.
interest on a contract for sale of, 3016.
for failure to convey, 312.
in action for flooding, 316.
in action for removal of material from, 317.
on compensation for taking by eminent domain, 331a.
exemplary d., 373.
deposit to secure contract to convey, whether penalty, 414.
fraud in securing conveyance of, 439d.
nominal d. for attachment of, 682.
d. on injunction preventing use of, 685a.
no recovery for depreciation in value of, on inJTmction bond, 685a.
d. on injunction against taking profit from, 6856.
miscellaneous injunctions concerning, 685c.
appeal from judgment for recovery of, 688a.
bond on obtaining license to sell, 692;.
proceeds of sale of, whether recoverable on executor's or adaiinistrator's
bond, 692j.
payment in, 796, 800.
d. against agent for care of, 829.
negligence of agent to sell, 829.
agent employed to srfl, entitled to what d. for discharge, 834c.
compensation for broker employed to sell, 834d.
liability of agent for imauthorized sate of, 835.
loss of sale of, through failure to transmit telegram, 883.
entire or repeated d. for injury to, 89 el seq.
d. after suit btoa^t for breach of contract to convey, 89.
for causing to faH, 91, 93a.
for wrongfully placing structure ob, 91.
for trespass on, 92.
for excavation in, 92.
for unauthorized private use or structure, 93.
for lawful use or structure, 95.
value of, 253.
for special purpose, 252.
for future use, 253.
when subject to easement, 243c.
when covered by water, 243c.
not valued in money in early times, 951.
recoupment in action for price of, 1040, 1052.
for fraud in sale of, 1052.
for breach of covenant for title of, 1053.
3244 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LAND — Continued.
for trespass by grantor of, 1055.
for fraud in effecting lease of, 1056.
cannot include value for speculative purpose, 1018.
profits of, whether recoverable on title bond, 1054.
special d. to, must be alleged, 1265
evidence of value of, 1295.
verdict for injury to, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
II. — Injury to Limited Interest in
d. recoverable for injury to a limited interest in, 69 el seq.
to an occupant of, 70.
to a lessee of, 71, 926.
to a life-tenant of, 72.
to a mortgagee of, 73, 927.
to a reversioner, 74, 926.
to a possessor, 926.
to a tenant, 926.
to a vendee, 927.
to a lessor, 927.
to a mortgagor, 73, 927.
to a tenant in common, 74.
recovery by executor for d. during testator's life, 836.
III. — Actions fob Possession of
the general principles modified in actions concerning real estate,
898.
actions for possession of real estate, 899.
d. in real actions in the early law, 900.
ejectment, 901.
nominal d. in ejectment suit, 902.
ejectment, payment for improvements, 903.
improvements under Louisiana Code, 904.
mesne profits and damages, 905.
mesne profits always recoverable, 906.
d. given by the early law, 907.
general rule in actions to recover mesne profits, 908.
recovery measured by the net profits, 909.
use of improvements made by defendant, 909a.
waste or injury to the freehold, 910.
period during which compensation may be recovered, 911.
time from which compensation may be recovered, 912.
time to which compensation may be recovered, 913.
statute of Umitations, 914.
allowance for improvements, 915.
good faith required, 916.
for what improvements allowance is made, 917.
payment of necessary expenses by the defendant, 918.
interest on mesne profits, 919.
costs and counsel fees, 920.
dower, 921.
dower in improvements, 922.
INDEX 3245
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
TuhNV)— Continued.
IV. — Wrongful Interference with
o. General principles
injuries to real property, how compensated, 923.
single or continuing tort, 924.
permanent tort, 924o.
injury by digging is, 924o.
measure of d. for, 932.
loss of support, 925.
consequential d., 927.
inevitable loss through other causes, 928.
aggravation, 929.
reduction and mitigation, 929a.
exemplary d., 930.
treble d., 930a.
5. Trespass
right of action, 931.
general rule, 932.
destruction of trees, 933.
value enhanced by defendant's labor, 934.
the rule in Wisconsin, 934o.
removal of minerals, 935.
removal or destruction of buildings, 935a.
other severance from the realty, 9356.
accounts between owners, 936.
destruction of annual crops, 937.
destruction of permanent crops, 937a.
destruction of turf, 866, 937a.
destruction of fences, 938.
removal of soil, 939.
mills and flowage, 940.
diversion or obstruction of water, avoidable consequences, 941.
removal of chattels, 943.
other injuries to real property, 944.
cattle d. feasant, 945.
erection of embankment on, 98.
excavation in, 32 n.
trespass on, 107o, n.
obstructing use of, 184.
wrongful eviction from, 188.
wrongfully piling bushes on, 2146.
wrongful attachment, or levy of execution on, 565c2.
wrongful sale of, by creditor, 944.
c. Nuisance
special d. necessary, 946.
general rule, 947.
removable nuisance, elements of loss, 948.
liability and right of recovery, 949.
d. Waste
action of waste, 950.
3246 INDEX
[References are to eections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LAND — Continued .
e. Flooding
d. for, 33, 64, 85c, 86o, 866, 88, 91, 101, 191, 942.
reduction of, 66.
injury to tenant, 71.
V. — Covenants of Title
o. Introductory
real covenants, restricted recovery, 951.
the ancient warranty, 952.
personal covenants in deeds, 953.
civil law analogies, 954.
French Code, 955.
6. Covenants of warranty and for quiet enjoyment
what constitutes a breach, 956.
recovery of consideration on total breach; New York rule, 957.
improvements excluded by New York rule, 958.
the New York rule followed in most states, 959.
good faith required, 960.
assignee's d., 961.
recovery of value at time of eviction, improvements included; New Eng-
land rule, 962.
general discussion of the rules, 963.
proof of consideration, 964.
where the consideration is not pecuniary, 965.
c. Covenants of seisin and right to convey
consideration with interest and expenses recoverable, 966.
d. Covenants against incumbrances
general principles, 967.
incumbrance removable, 968.
total eviction, 969.
permanent incumbrance on the land, 970.
improvements, 971.
covenant to remove incumbrances, 972.
e. General principles
nominal d., 973.
mortgages, 974.
eviction from part of land, 975.
partial failure of title, 976.
after acquired title, American doctrine of estoppel by deed, 977. ^
reduction of d., 978.
title perfected by grantee, expenses recoverable, 979.
expenses must be reasonable, 980.
consequential d. not recoverable, 980a.
interest, 981.
expense of defending or of obtaining possession, 982.
counsel fees, 983.
VI. — ^Actions Between Landlord and Tenant
a. Actions against landlord
failure to give possession of leased premises, 984.
consequential d. for failure to obtain possesion, 984a.
INDEX 3247
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LAND — Continued.
covenant for quiet enjoyment: early rule, 985.
exception to early rule, 986.
present rule, 987.
wrongful eviction by the landlord, 988.
consequences of eviction, 988a.
lease of farm for share of crop, 989.
tort by landlord against tenant, 990.
illegal distraint, 990a.
illegal entry on the demised premises, 990&.
fraud in procuring tenant, 990c.
covenant to repair, 991.
consequential loss, 992.
covenant to make improvements, 993.
to rebuild, 994.
to furnish heat and power, 995.
to renew, 996.
to pay for improvements, 997.
to allow removal of buildings, fixtures, etc., 998.
other covenants by the lessor, 999.
b. Actions against tenant
landlord's action to recover rent, 999a.
reduction and recoupment, 9996, 1057.
excuse from payment of rent, 999c.
apportionment of rent, 999d.
action for use and occupation, 999e.
abandonment of lease by tenant, 999/.
tort by tenant, 999?.
covenant to repair, 999^.
to insure, 999i.
to give up possession, 999y.
other covenants by the lessee, 999k.
costs as between lessee and sub-lessee, 1000.
VII. — Contracts for the Sale of
a. Breach by vendor
English rule, Flureau v. Thornhill, 1001.
cases following Flureau v. Thornhill, 1002.
Engel V. Fitch, 1003.
Bain v. Fothergill, present English rule, 1004.
general considerations, 1005.
American jurisdictions following ithe English rule, 1006.
exceptional oases; vendor refuses to convey, being able to do bo, 1007.
vendor contracts with reference to complete title, 1008.
the rule of nominal d., 1009.
substantial d. in case of bad faith, 1010.
d. for failure to convey in exchange for other land, 1010.
in case of knowledge that title is in third party, 1011.
substantial d. always recoverable, general rule in America, 1012.
rescission, 1012a.
reduction of d., 1013.
3248 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LAND — Continued.
payment in advance, 1014.
Nichols V. Freeman, 1015.
quality or quantity deficient, 1016.
expenses, 1017.
measure of value, 1018.
covenant to make partition, 1019.
barter contracts, 1020.
d. in actions to enforce specific performance, 1021.
d. for delay in making conveyance, 1021o.
consequential d., 1022.
6. Breach by vendee
difference between value and contract price recoverable, 1023.
contract price recoverable in some States, 1024.
interest and expenses, 1025.
forfeiture of deposits, 1027.
parol contract, 651.
c. Fraud in sale of land
measure of d. for fraud, 1027.
consequential d. for fraud, 1027a.
deficiency in quantity, 1028.
the rule in Smith v. BoUes, 1029.
recoupment for, 1052.
VIII. — Other Contracts Concerning
' to build house on, 186.
station on, 620 n.
railroad on, 620 n., 630.
to loan money for buying, 179 n., 622.
to clear, 614 n., 618 n.
to work on, 614 n.
to excavate, 618 re.
to plant vines on, 620 n.
to maintain crossings on, 620 n.
to establish business on, 620 re.
bond to give title to, 679a.
d. for delay in making conveyance of, 1021a.
IX. — Taking by Eminent Domain
o. General principles
measure of d. for, 1080.
mjuriously affected, 1088, 1090, 1102.
interference with privacy, 1096.
meaning of interest in, 1097.
subject to covenant, 1097.
contract right to sink shaft for minerals in, 1097.
appraisal of, in Minnesota, 1112a, re.
not taken, incidental injury to, 112a, n., 1113, 1119, 1151.
taking under New York Constitution, 1113.
use of, for other purposes, 1116, 1152 n.
not taken, d. to, by railroad, 1123 re.
reclaiming waste, is special benefit, 1130.
INDEX 3249
[References afe to seetionSi d. means dSinage; n. means note.]
LAND — Continued.
unreasonable use of adjacent, 1149a.
recognition of, by deed, as street, il496.
improvemente placed on, after drder of Cofldeflinatioii, 1151.
occupation of, with consent, 1151 n.
not taken, d. to, in Illinois, 1151 n.
d. to entire tract recoverable, 1154.
claim for taking does not run with, 1154c.
benefit of adjacent land from improvement, 11^2.
separation of grazing, from watfef, ll6S.
support of surface by coal-bearing, 1166e.
possibiUty of procuring other, U^S.
improvements affixed to, 1174,
by raihoad, 1175.
6. Nature of land taken
improved, 1104.
mineral, 1105.
highway, 11496.
undeveloped, 1150.
filled, 1151.
oil-bearing, 1166c.
timber, 1167 n.
ferry, 1173.
c. Value of
value in general, 1080, 1081; 1162, 1175.
no market value, ll7le.
evidence of pfi6e,- 1149 n.
for any purpose, 1085, 11496.
peculiar mode of using, 1171.
value for abutment for bridge, 11716.
buildings, 11716.
church, 11716.
lots, 1171o.
placer iniidng, 1171d.
railroad terminal, 11716.
residence, 11716.
school, 1081.
summer boarding hotlse, 11716.
track connection, 11716.
truck gardeiiing, 117l6.
value of land enriched with sediment from river, 11716*
farm land, 1163.
near railroad, I17I6.
containing spring of water, 1165.
wild land, il63.
d. For what purpose taken
boat railway, Il7l6.
bridge, 1171a, 1171e.
dam, 1162.
levee, 1166rf.
204
3250 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LAND — Continued.
portage railway, 1171e.
railroad, 1151 n., 11716, 1175.
reservoir, 1151 n., 1162, 11716.
eewer, 1102, 1110 n.
street, 1110 n., 11496.
water, 11716.
widen river, 11716.
e. How damaged
taking, 1080, 1099, 1113, 1120.
flooding, 1108 n., 11.10 n., 1116, 1166d.
with surface water, 1123 n., 1166d.
with sewage, 1123.
throwing stones on, 1111.
earth and trees, 1110 n.
encroaching on, 1123 n.
filling and cutting, 1150.
injuring, 1120.
raising water level, 1116 n.
causing to slide, 1080, 1117 n.
depriving of use, 1117.
LAND CERTIFICATES, contract to transfer, 1013.
LAND SCRIP, value of, 262.
LANDING FERRY, site for, 11716.
LANDOWNER, costs and expenses, II660.
compensation for detriment to, 1150.
LANDS CLAUSES CONSOLIDATION ACT, 1079.
provisions of, quoted, 1105..
decisions under, referred to, 1113.
construction of, 1118.
See Eminent Domain.
LANGUAGE, intentionally insulting, 43^.
annoying, overheard, 43/, n.
LANGUAGE OF CONTRACT not conclusive as to liquidated d., 408.
LANDLORD, tenancy at will wrongfully terminated by, 87.
breach of agreement to repair, 209.
out of possession need not make repairs, 210.
recovery by, on replevin bond, 6916, n.
recovery by, 927.
recovery by, for injury to land by tenant, 936.
recoupinent by, 1042.
for tort of, 1058.
recovery by, for taking by eminent domain, 1157.
o. Actions against landlord
failure to give possession of leased premises, 984.
consequential d. for failure to obtain possession, 984a.
covenant for quiet enjoyment: early rule, 985.
exception to early rule, 986.
present rule, 987.
wrongful eviction by the landlord, 988.
INDEX 3251
[References are to sections, d. means damage; w. means note.]
LANDLORD— Continued.
consequences of eviction, 988ffl.
lease of farm for share of crop, 989.
tort by landlord upon tenant, 990.
illegal distraint, 990o.
illegal entry on the demised premises, 9906.
•fraud in procuring tenant, 990c.
covenant to repair, 991.
consequential loss, 992.
covenant to make improvements, 993. .
to rebuild, 994.
to furnish heat and power, 995.
to renew, 996.
to pay for improvements, 997.
to allow removal of buildings, fixtures, etc., 998.
other covenants by the lessor, 999.
6. Actions against tenant
landlord's action to recover rent, 999o.
reduction and recoupment, 9996.
excuse from payment of rent, 999c.
apportionment of rent, 999d.
action for use and occupation, 999e.
abandonment of lease by tenant, 999/.
tort by tenant, 9993.
covenant to repair, 999h.
to insure, 999i.
to give up possession, 999y.
other covenants by the lessee, 999fc.
costs as between lessee and sub-lessee, 1000.
LANDLORD AND TENANT, nommal d. in actions between, 101.
avoidable consequences in actions between, for failure to repair, 209, 210.
actions between, 2044.
LATERAL SUPPORT, removal of, 1110 n., 1123 n.
right of, 1149a.
See Support op Land.
LAW, Anglo-Saxon, 7.
wager of, 16.
Jewish, 20.
Hindoo, 21.
Roman, 22.
measure of d. a matter of, 31.
even in tort with no aggravating circumstances, 429.
effect of error of, 84.
allowance of interest a matter of, 296, 297.
compensation for breach of contract a matter of, 606.
measure of d. a question of, 606.
rescission of contract by act of, 655c.
performance of contract prevented by, 655c.
interruption of performance of service by, 672.
d. against agent a matter of, 811, 817.
3252 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LAW — Continued.
d. against carriers a matter of, 840.
set-off at, 1031.
liability for acts not actionable at, 1121.
early, in Louisiana on eminent domain, 1123.
civil. See Civil La*.
LAW, COMMON, usually gives redress by awarding pecuniary d., 2, 4.
aim of, as to d., 29, 30.
relieves only in case of actual injury, 96.
LAWN, d. for breach of contract to grade, 614 w.
LAWYER, injury to, 180.
LAYING of sewer, 1123 n.
LAYING OUT of streets, 1151 n.
of way, 1151 n.
private way as public way, 1178.
LAYING TRACKS without owner's Consent, 1175.
LEAKAGE, d. from, 1164.
from canal, 1164.
of gas, risk from, 1165.
LEASE, failure to give possession undet, inconvenience of othef quarters, 42.
wrongful termination of, 90.
covenant not to assign, 148.
value of, 188, 1157.
consequential d. for breach of, 167, 185, 1022.
avoidable consequences for breach of, 208, 221.
of barge for freighting, 211.
covenant in, to furnish power, 212&.
of theatre, d. for breach before time for performance, 213.
avoidable consequences of breach of covenant for quiet enjoyment, 218.
offer of other premises after breach of contract to make, 222.
recovery of cOst of removal after breach of,- 226g.
recovery of time spent in looking up othef premises on breach of con-
tract for, 226i.
value of document containing, 260.
value of indenture of, 260.
interest on d. for breach of covenant in, 312 n.
liquidated d. for breach of covenant to assign, 400.
for delay in surrendering possession at termination of, 419.
whether provision for paj-ment of rent in advance is penalty, 414.
of oil land, d. for breach of, 423.
recovery of loss of stock of goods, as d. iot breach of, 6076.
d. for breach of contract to give, 618 n.
d. on covenant against incumbrances because of existence of, 969, 971.
d. for incumbrance of, 976.
d. for, 984.
loss of profits on, 984.
recoupment for breach of covenant in, 1057.
recoupment for fraud in effecting, 1056.
evidence of value of, 1295.
covenant in. See Covenants.
INDEX 3253
[References are to sections, 4. means darosgej n. me^ns note.]
LEASED PREMISES, contract to keep free from brusji and burrs, 999k.
LEASEHOLD, taking of, 1084.
diminution in value of, 1117.
LEASEHOLD INTEREST, value of, in eminent domsw proceedings, 1156, 1157.
affected, 1172.
LEAST BENEFICIAL ALTERNATIVE, rule of, 421.
LEG, oblique break of, 172.
excessive d. for breaking, 1348.
for loss of, 1356.
for crippling, 1355.
LEGACY, interest on, 301.
contract to give, 606a.
whether recoverable on bond of executor or administrator, SQ2j-
recovery on parol contract to leave, 651.
covenant to pay, 789.
LEGAL AUTHORITY, lack of, 1110.
LEGAL RELIEF, necessary incompleteness of, 32.
LEGAL SERVICES, contract for payment of, 612.
LEGAL SIGNIFICATION of "property," 1117.
LEGAL TENDER. See Payment, Medium op.
adoption of new, 269.
account, 270, 271, 274.
LEGES AETHELBIRTHI, 9.
LEGITIMATE PURPOSES, value for, 1171a.
LESSEE, liability of corporation in exemplary d. for act of, 380.
failure of, to return property in good condition, 633&.
recovery by, on fire policy, 725.
d. to, 1169.
LESSEE OF CHATTELS, d. recoverable by, 76.
against owner, 78.
LESSEE OF LAND, d. recoverable by, 71, 926.
for temporary injury, 71.
for permanent injury, 71.
how affected by covenant to repair, 71.
deposit by, whether liquidated d., 414.
for years, insurable interest of, 725.
recovery by, 76, 926.
d. on breach of covenant by, to repair, 999h.
LESSEE'S DAMAGES included in those of lessor, 1084.
LESSOR, recovery by, 80.
d. on breach of covenant by, to repair, 991.
taking of land leased back to, 1106.
LESSOR'S DAMAGES include lessee's, 1084.
LETTER, failure to deliver to wife of plaintiff, 154.
LEVEE, building of, 1109 n.
obstruction by, to drainage, 1166rf.
LEVEE PURPOSES, condemnation for, 1123 n.
taking of land for, 1166(i.
LEVEL of water on land, raising, 1116 n.
3254 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LEVY, failure of officer to, 549.
d. against sheriff for insufficient, 558.
of execution, d. for wrongful, 565.
d. for injunction against, 685?.
d. on sheriff's bond for neglect, 692t.
LEWIS, on eminent domain, quoted, 1149a.
LIABILITY, when stands in place of actual d., 236.
in case of loss by collision of third parties, 588.
limitation of, in admiralty, 590.
of endorser, measure of, 704.
limitation of, on policy of insurance, 726.
contract to save from, 788, 795.
of carrier of goods,, limitation of, 851.
of carrier of passengers, nature of, 859.
for loss of baggage, 873.
of telegraph company, nature of, 875.
limitation of, 876.
general rule of pubUc, 1108.
for negligence, effect of. release of d. on, 1110 n.
of city, for ultra vires act, 1110 n.
of individuals, 1120.
for acts not actionable at law, 1121.
increased to overflow of water, 1164.
of stock being killed, 1165c.
of railroad to fence, 1167.
LIBEL. See Defamation.
causing mental anguish to mother, 43ff.
recovery for, 47.
two statements of, in single publication, 856.
nominal d. for, 98.
no d. shown, 107a, n.
d. for wrongful placing, upon a vessel, 214.
recovery of litigation expenses in, 234.
no interest in action for, 316.
exemplary d. for reckless pubhcation of, 351, 352, 368, 377.
good faith may mitigate exemplary d. in action for, 383a.
d. for aggravation by maUce or wantonness, 384a.
for mental Buffering by, 443.
verdict for, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
LIBEL AND SLANDER, right of action for, 443.
special d. for, 443.
general rule, 443.
consequential d., 444.
repetition by a third person, 444o.
aggravation, 52, 445.
social and pecuniary position of the parties, 445.
by character and standing of newspaper, 445.
not by wealth of proprietor of newspaper, 445.
by social position of plaintiff, 445.
not by poverty of plaintiff, 445.
INDEX 3255
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LIBEL AND SLAi^STfER— Continued.
by repetition by defendant, 446.
other charges by the defendant than that alleged, 446.
plea of justification, 447.
mitigation, 52, 448.
insanity of defendant, 448.
drunkenness of defendant, 448.
heat of political campaign, 448.
disproof of actual malice, 448o.
imperfect privilege, 448&.
belief in truth of charge, 448c.
repetition of earlier charge made by another, 448<i.
provocation, 449.
disproof of d., 450.
disbelief in truth of the words, 450.
rumor of truth, 451.
bad character and reputation of plaintiff, 451.
truth, 452.
retraction, 453.
rule in Louisiana, 454.
LIBELLOUS PORTRAIT, value of, 265.
LIBERTY, compensation for injury to, 39, 49, 458
personal, 49.
exemplary d. for injury to, 51.
loss of, by malicious prosecution, 458.
recovery for loss of, in action for false imprisonment, 462,
LICENSE, not obtained by defendant who did the work, 148,
expiration of, during replevin proceedings, 691.
liability of judge for refusal to issue, 692^^.
to sell real estate, bond given by administrator on obtaining, 692y,
power to grant, 1080.
LICENSE TO USE PATENT, liquidated d. for breach of term of, 416,
LICENSE FEE under patent, 1216.
apportionment of, 1221.
a species of market price, 1222.
where different rights are involved, 1224.
in equity, 1225.
where none is established, 1226.
LICENSEE of land without title cannot recover in eminent domain proceedings,
1154a.
LIEN, recovery on indemnity bond against, 238.
interest on money paid to satisfy, 304.
d. for breach of warranty of freedom from, 774,
freight constitutes, 844.
d. for destruction of, by misdelivery, 853.
recoupment in action to enforce mechanic's, 1044.
recoupment in action to enforce vendor's, 1052.
LIENHOLDER, recovery by, 55a.
LIENOR, d. recoverable by, 76.
d. against owner recoverable by, 78.
3256 IHTDEX
{References are U> sections, d- means damage; n. mmm mte-]
JjIENOR— Continued.
d. recoverable by owner agajnst, 80.
LIFE, inabiUty to enjoy, basis of recovery, 4fio.
value of, 263, 572.
not calculable in money, 729.
exemplary d. for gross negligence endangering, 368.
plaintiff's expectation of, considered in actions for dsatfa, 574o.
evidence of probable duration of, 581.
breach of contract to employ for, 666.
evidence of duration of, 1306.
excessive d. for shortening, 1362.
LIFE ESTATE, d. for incumbrance by outstanding, 976.
LIFE INSURANCE. See Instjbance.
value of poUcy of, 259.
LIFE INTEREST, m mineral land, taking of, 1105.
LIFE TABLES used to estimate d. for permanent disability, 484.
admissible in evidence, 485, 561, 1306.
not conclusive, 485, 1306.
LIFE TENANT of chattels, d. recoverable by, 83.
of land, d. recoverable by, 72.
recovery by, on poUcy of insurance, 725.
liable for waste in Nbw York, 950.
may recover compensation in eminent domain proceedings, 1154a.
compensation recoverable by, for taking by eminent domain, 1156.
LIGHT, d. for intorrupting easement of, 944.
of warehouse, affecting, 1104.
and air, destruction of easements of, 1115.
invasion of easement of, 1116.
obstruction of, 1121.
e^em^ts of, 1165a.
and air, obstruction of access, 1092.
LIGHTS, must be ancient, 32 n.
obstruction of, 93, 1096.
by wall, 74.
LIGHTSHIP, value of, 2436.
LILIES, value of, 496.
LIMITATION of amount of recovery for death, 571a.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY, in admiralty, 500.
on policy of insurance, 726.
of carrier, 851.
of telegraph company, 876.
LIMITATIONS, statute of, 86b.
runs from breach, 84.
recovery of mesne profits how affected by, 914.
LIMIT OF TIME for claiming d., ynder statute, 1151 ».
LIMITED OWNERSHIP, d. as affected by, 68.
d. recoverable by owner of limited interest in land, 69.
by an occupant of land, 70.
by a lessee of land, 71.
by a life-tenant of land, 72.
INDEX 3257
[Relereaces are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LIMITED OWNERSHIP— Cowttnued.
by a mortgagee or mortgagor of land, 73.
by a reversioner, 74.
by a tenant in common of land, 75.
by a possessor of chattels against a stranger, 76.
in replevin by one who counts on possession merely, 77.
by the possessor of chattels in an action against tlje owner, 78.
by a possessor of chattels where the owner cannot recover the fuU
value, 79.
by an owner of chattels out of possession, 80.
by a party to a conditional sale, 80a.
by the mortgagor or mortgagee of chattels, 81.
between the parties to a mortgage of chattels, 82.
by the part owner of chattels, 83.
interest of creditor in property fraudulently transferred, 83o.
recovery by owner of, for conversion, 4976.
recovery in replevin by owner of, 531a.
in property replevied, 691a.
in property affecting recovery on replevin bond, 6915.
recovery on marine policy by owner of; 712a.
recovery on policy against fire by owner of, 725.
recovery by owner of, for trespass on real estate, 926.
See Owner, Special.
LIMITING CAPACITY of business, 1152a.
LINE, other than stipulated, construction on, 1152 n.
depth of, 1166c.
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES, connection of, with alternative contracts, 281, 421-
424a.
interest on, 301, 333.
interest at stipulated rate after maturity amounts to, 331.
amount of d. stipulated by the parties, 389.
refusal of courts to enforce a penalty, 390.
liquidated d. ^n4 penalty, 391.
classification of the subject, 392.
general observations, 393.
recovery beyond penalty, 393 n.
early English cases, 394.
decisions in the Court of Chancery, 395.
Lowe V. Peers, 396.
Fletcher v. Dyche, 397.
leading cases, Astley v. Weldon, 398.
Kemble v. Farren, 399.
early New York cases, 400.
Dakin v. Williams, 401.
Tayloe v. Sandiford, 402.
Streeper v. Williams, 403.
Bagley v. Peddie, 404.
on actor's contracts, 398, 399.
on exchange or conveyance of land, 400, 1020.
on sale of newspaper, 401.
3258 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES— Continued.
for delay in construction, 402.
on failure to convey land, 403.
on agreement of apprenticeship, 404.
general rule, 405.
intent of the parties, 406.
principle of compensation must be observed in fixing, 406.
the liquidation must be reasonable, 407.
language not conclusive, rule in case of doubt, 408.
breach of contract necessary, 408a.
rules of interpretation, 409.
penal sum coilateral to object of contract, 410.
stipulated sum for non-payment of smaller sum, 411.
not allowed where d. only nominal, 411.
stipulated sum obviously greater than the d., 411a.
stipulated sum not proportioned to injury, 412.
one sum stipulated for breach of contract securing several things, 413.
deposit and advance payments to be forfeited on default, 414.
contracts performed in part, 415.
stipulated sum in liquidation of uncertain d., 416.
forfeiture to State or city to secure contract of public interest, 416o
breach of contract of sale, 417.
of agreement not to carry on business, 418.
for delay in completing performance, 419.
stipulations to evade the usury laws, 420.
valuation and pre-ascertainment, 420a.
the canons of interpretation in the light of recent cases, 420&.
stipulated d. and avoidable consequences, 420c.
alternative contract. Rule of least beneficial alternative, 421.
Deverill v. Burnell, 422.
ordinary rule, 423.
alternative contracts and liquidated d., 424.
general conclusions; the "Abnegated Option," 424a.
stipulation of d. strictly construed, 425.
postponement of performance, effect of, 425.
consequences of liquidating d., 426.
binding upon both parties, 426.
specific performance, whether liquidated d. take away right to, 426.
bail, effect of liquidating d. on right to hold to, 426.
statutory regulations of liquidated d., 426a.
civil law, 393, 427.
Roman law as to, 392.
under French Code, 427,
under Louisiana Code, 427 n.
for breach of contract of service, 668.
for wrongful discharge of domestic servant, 668.
debt on bond, 675a.
d. within penalty, 6756.
assignment of breaches, 675c.
only actual loss recoverable, 675d.
INDEX 3259,
p!leferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES— Coretoued.
penal sum named in bond, may be, 676.
on note equal to counsel fees, 695c.
deposit at auction, 1026.
the conflict of laws as to, 1381.
LIQUIDATED DEMANDS and UNLIQUIDATED DEMANDS, difference
between as to interest, 299.
interest on, 299, 300, 301.
LIQUIDATION of d. by estoppel. See Estoppel.
LIQUOR, wrongful sale of, 182a, n., 1826.
See Civil Damage Act.
sale of, remote cause of d., 36a, n.
value when forfeited for illegality, 265.
contract to refrain from intoxicating, liquidated d. for breach of, 415.
LITIGATION, recovery for loss of property pending, 536a.
d. for failure to carry on, 607 n.
LITIGATION, EXPENSES OP. See Expenses oe Litigation.
in action for malicious prosecution, 459.
in action for false imprisonment, 463.
in actions of replevin, 640.
how far recoverable in admiralty, 589.
recoverable, on breach of contract to arbitrate, 629.
how far recoverable on attachment bond, 682a.
in injunction suit, whether recoverable, 685^. et seq.
not recoverable where suit unnecessary, 704.
recovery of, against endorser, 705.
recoverable in action for breach of warranty of goods sold, 773.
necessity of notice of suit, 805.
recovery of, by insurer against agent, 818a.
against vendor not chargeable to agent, 829.
agent entitled to, against principal, 834.
recoverable in action for mesne profits, 920.
recoverable in action on real covenant, 982.
LITIS MSTIMATIO, what, 23.
LIVERY STABLE, recovery of rental value, 171?i.
LOAN, fraud in securing, 439e.
breach of contract to mak?, 622.
expense of obtaining, recoverable, 622.
interest on, 304. ,
LOAN OF MONEY, interest on, 304. .
agreement to make, 622.
LOCAL BENEFITS, 1128.
LOCAL RULES as to benefits, 1131.
LOCAL STATUTES, 1167.
LOCATION on street, granting of, to raiboad, 1108 n.
of side-track, 1109.-
of switch, 1109.
of round-house, 1111.
of sewer, 1112. '
for railroad, taking of, 1119 n.
3260 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LOCATION— Cora^mued.
of pest-house near farm, 1123.
time of filing, 1151.
LOCOMOTIVE, breach of warranty on sale of, 164a.
LODE, encroachment on, 1123 n.
LODGING, d. for breach of contract to give, 614 n.
LODGING HOUSE, loss of profits by nuisance of, 948.
LOG. See Timber.
LOGGING CONTRACTS, d. for breach of, 614 n.
LOGS, failure by boom company to turn out, 164.
inability to haul, 164o.
profit which would have been made from sawing of, 186.
detention of, 189.
to be sawed in mill, 199.
contract to haul, 208re.
value of, 495.
d. for conversion of, 499, 502.
breach of agreement to advance money to market, 622.
d. for failure to supply, 742a.
d. against agent for allowing purchaser to measure, 823.
negligence of agent in selling, 823.
LOSS, actual, must be sustained to create a claim for d., 32.
coupled with legal injury, 32.
total, caused by injury to property, 40.
pecuniary, compensated, 41.
of temper, caused by loss of thing expected, 46o.
offer of reparation which would prevent further, 62.
after action, 84, 85.
actual, not necessary for nominal d., 98.
not inflicted, nominal d. for, 107.
amount of should be proved, 107a.
of custom, 127, 948.
of credit, d. for, remote, 127.
of sub-contract, 156.
shown with reasonable certainty, 170.
of customers, d. for, 171o, n.
of profits of plaintiff's business, 181.
of use of road or bridge, 187.
unreasonable steps to avoid not required, 219.
of service, when avoidable, 214a.
personal efforts to avoid, 226i.
d. for, included in exemplary d., 359.
necessary for exemplary d., 361.
d. for total, 432a.
for death, prospective pecuniary, 574.
of support, recovery for, by minor, 577.
of society of husband, no recovery for, 578.
presumed in action for death, 584a.
apportionment of, in admiralty, 586.
in cases of collision, 587.
INDEX 3261
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LOSS — Continued.
division of, in admiralty, 587, 599.
in case of personal injury, 599.
of vessel, no recovery for expenses after total, 590.
recovery for partial, in admiralty, 592.
total, 594.
actual necessary for recovery on contract, 604.
of marriage, compensation for, 638.
of standing, may be shown in action for breach of promise of marriage,
6386.
recoverable under penalty of bond, 675d.
is measure of d., in action on bond, 676e.
recoverable on statutory bond, 680.
not compensated in action on attachment bond, 682, 683.
of use of property, by wrongful attachment, 682.
of personal property, recovery for, on injunction bond, 685a,
of rent, recovery for, on injunction bond, 685c.
of labor or materials, 685/.
of use of mill, d. for, 685/.
of property sold, pending injunction, 685^.
of time, recovery for, on bond for arrest, 686a.
of property by appeal, recovery for, 688a.
of use of property, by replevin, 689a.
of rent, recovery for, on sequestration bond, Q91d.
total, see total loss, 710.
measure of, on policy of insurance against fire, 721.
of property at time of fire, whether recoverable on policy, 723a.
of insurance, d. for, 727.
of profits on failure to deliver goods sold, 742.
of crop, on breach of warranty of machine, 767.
of seed, 768.
indemnity against, 793.
of time, recovery for, on policy of accident insurance, 731.
necessary for recovery on contract of indemnity, 801.
caused by agent recoverable, 813.
of bargain, recoverable against pretended agent, 836, 837.
of goods by carrier, d. for, 844 el se^.
through delay in transportation of goods, 856.
of earning power, recovery for, by injury to passenger, 860.
of intended purchase, by failure to deliver telegram, 882.
of intended sale, through failure to transmit telegram, 883.
of debt, d. against telegraph company for, 887.
by failure to transmit telegram, must not be speculative,' 888.
of support of land, d. for, 925.
compensation for, 927.
compensation for, whether remote, 927.
of custom or business profits, by nuisance, 948.
through nuisance, 948.
of rent through nuisance, 948
of rent, recovery fof, 948.
3262 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n, means note.]
LOSS— ConiiriMed.
not regarded in early times, 951.
through failure to give possession of leased premises, 984.
through neglect to repair, 992.
on contract to convey land, 1012.
of custom, 1096, 1120.
of trade, 1095.
of good will, 1097.
personal, 1097.
of use of river frontage, 1101.
of privacy, 1101.
from user of railway, 1105.
of future deposits of soil, 1120.
of rents, 1151 n., limd.
of use of spring, 1164.
of passengers, 1165o, n.
of rental value, 1165c.
of time by sickness, 1166d.
to business, 1169.
of profits, 1169.
steps to reduce, 1172a.
of service, excessive d. for, 1365.
of profits. See Profits.
of service. See Service.
avoidance of. See Avoidable Consequences.
LOSS, ACTUAL, recoverable on policy of insurance against fire, 720.
on fire policy, 720.
on contract of indemnity, 794.
measures d. on covenant of indemnity, 801.
against agent, 813.
for carrier's delay, 854.
for trespass to land, 923.
for breach of real covenants, 953.
for breach of covenant of warranty, 956.
LOSS, PARTIAL. See Partial Loss.
•LOSS, TOTAL. See Total Loss.
LOSS OF TEMPER, not subject for compensation, 42.
LOSSES by fire, indemnity against, 1163.
LOT, fitness of, for dock purposes, 11716.
LOTS of land, several used for one purpose, regarded as entire tract, 1154.
available for dock purposes, 1171.
available for sawmill, 1171.
available for factory, 1171,
land valuable for, 1171a.
value of, for market gardening, 11716.
LOUISIANA, code of, no recovery of profits, 188n.
d. for defamation in, 454.
d. for libel in, 454.
sequestration proceedings in, 541.
law of, as to breach of warranty of chattel, 762.
INDEX 3263
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
LOUISIANA— Coreimued.
recovery in, for improvements in action of ejectment, 904.
recovery for mesne profits in, 906.
rule in, for d. on breach of warranty, 962.
early law on eminent domain in, 1123.
consequential d. in, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to eminent domain, 1123.
as to benefits in, 1139.
remission of excess of verdict in, 1330.
JjOUISIANA code, remote consequences in, 121.
provisions of, as to liquidated d., 427.
as to allowance for improvements, 904.
LOWERING of street grade, by railroad, 1112 n., 39.
LUCRUM CESSANS, 636 n.
LUMBER, contract to cut and deliver, 1076, n.
inferior quality furnished, 164.
failure to deliver, 226?^.
recovery for loss of, on policy of insurance, 722,
d. for failure to deliver, 741.
d. for failure to transport, 843.
See Timber.
recoupment for failure by landlord to furnish, 1057,
LUNCH COUNTER, evidence of profits from, 181 n.
MACHINE, d. for defect in, 2126.
opportunity to buy after breach of contract to supply, 222.
expense of avoiding injury after failure to deliver, 226d,
expense of attempt to adapt defective, 226d.
d. for defect in, 608.
d. for breach of contract to manufacture, 615 n,
to supply, 618 n.
injunction against use of, 685i.
d. for breach of warranty of, 767,
injury to, during carriage, 852.
MACHINE SHOP, value of use of, 999e.
value of building equipped for, 252.
MACHINERY, jarring walls by, whether cause of action, 33.
loss through deprivation of, when remote, 134a.
delay in delivery of, 144, 145, 165.
use of, 145.
delay ia transportation of or loss of, 152.
delay in repair of, 155.
intended for erection of a sawmill, 165.
notice of use of, 165.
failure to furnish, 183, 189, 199, 742a.
injury to, 190.
for mill, failure to deliver, 205 n.
breach of warranty of, 2126.
avoidable consequences on breach of warranty of, 226.
expense of remedying defect in, 2266.
3264 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; ft. means rlote.]
MACHINERY— Conimwed.
value of, 531, 540.
loss on purchase of stock, not recoverable for failure to ftlfnish as agreed,
6076.
d. for breach of contract to supply, for building, 646.
d. for loss of use of, by injunction against moving house, 685c.
recovery for depreciation of, on injuiiction bdild, 6853, ft.
d. against carrier for loss of, 850.
d. for delay in transportation of, 856.
of tenant, d. to, by negligence of the landlord in siUowing water to drip
on it, 990.
MACHINES, for sale by plaintiS, failure to supply, 182 ft.
MAGISTRATE, d. against, 559.
MAIN THOROUGHFARE, access to, 1095.
MAINE, rule in, for recovery by infant after repudiation of contract, 663.
for d. on breach of warranty, 962.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
MAINTENANCE of sewers, negligent, lllO ft.
of crossing gate or tower, expense of, 1152o.
of two uses of property, 1152o.
MAKER'S INSOLVENCY as affecting value of bill or note, 256.
MAKING compensation, entry without, 1151.
turnpike free from tolls, lVI\d.
MALA FIDE POSSESSOR in Louisiana, 904.
MALEVOLENCE, verdict set aside for, 1326.
MALFEASANCE, of judge, in ministerial duty, liability for, 692ff.
MALICE, exemplary d. because of, 364.
want of, mitigates exemplary d., 383.
mitigates d. for Ubel and slander, 448.
disproof of, as affecting d. for defamation, 448a.
aggravates d. for assault and battery, 489o.
may be shown in action for injury to land, 929.
evidence of, 1305.
verdict set aside for, 1326.
MALICIOUS ARREST, exemplary d. for, 388.
MALICIOUS ATTACHMENT, d. for, 467.
excessive d. in actions for, 1343.
MALICIOUS PROSECUTION, causing illness of wife, 43ff.
d. for mental suffering from, 43i.
wounded pride compensated in action for, 47.
recovery for loss of society in action of, 48.
expense of defending suit, 241, 459.
exemplary d. in action for, 352, 372.
d. for, 456-460.
elements of injury by, 456.
imprisonment, 457.
physical injury, 457.
injury to reputation, 458.
deprivation of liberty, 458.
mental suffering, 458.
INDEX 3265
[References are to sections, d- means damagej «. means note.]
MALICIOUS PROSECUTION— Cowtoued.
injury to property, 459.
loss of time, 459.
mitigation of d. for, 460.
bad character of pjsiintiff, 460.
advjice of counsel, 460.
special d. for, must be alleged, 1271.
verdict for, set aside as excessive, 1328 n,
excessive d. for, 1337.
inadequate d. for, 1370.
MALICIOUS TORTS, excessive d. in action for, 1343.
d. for, ch. xix.
See Defamation, Libel, Slandek, Malicious Phosecvtiok, Mau-
cioTJS Attachment, Seduction.
MANAGER, of a bank, 207.
MANDAMUS, no recovery of counsel fees in, 235o.
MANTELS, d. on covenant to allow removal of, 998.
MANUFACTURE, delay of cotton for, 152 n.
notice of intended use for, 166.
profits of, 199.
purchase of goods for, 199.
attempt to, with inadequate power, 2126.
d. for breach of contract for, 2126.
value of property in process of, 248, 499,
d. for breach of contract to, 608, 617, 6Z3d.
breach of contract not to, 632.
recovery of cost of, for non-deUveiy of goods sold, 734,
d. for failure to supply materials for, 742a.
whether contract tax for, is regarded as for sale or for woik £|nd labor,
752.
warranty of material for, 766.
MANUFACTURER, failure to deliver to, 157.
d. for interruption of business of, 177.
failure of, to furnish according to contract, 190.
MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, failure to supply machinery for, 153.
destroying usefulness for, 11656.
impairing usefulness for, 11656.
MARE, injury to, by trespass on land, 435.
MARGIN, contract for carrying stocks on, 228d.
sale of stock on, 510, 513, 521.
purchase of stock on, 828.
MARINE INSURANCE. See Insurance, Marine.
MARINE TORT. See Collision; Admiralty.
MARKET, d. for persuasion not to sell in, 100.
failure to furnish goods not procurable in, 163.
loss of favorable, 164.
sale of goods not procurable in, 226g'.
value at nearest, 246, 434.
contract to hold for a rise in, 524.
d- for breach of contract, how affected by fluctuations in, 636e.
205
S266 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MARKET— Cmtinued.
probable future course of, 636m.
rule of replacement in, 734, 735.
nearest to. be taken, 739.
price obtained in, as evidence of value, 852.
d. for loss of, by delay in transporting goods, 854, 855.
increased facility for getting to, is general benefit, 1129.
MARKET PRICE often includes profits, 198.
increase in, 1162.
MARKET QUOTATIONS as evidence of value, 1299.
MARKET VALUE, 244.
as best evidence of value, 243.
cannot be ascertained on conjecture, 244.
requires investigation of condition of market, 244.
definition of, 245.
how determined, 245.
how affected by speculative operations, 249.
of vessel, depressed through temporary causes, 712.
not always actual value, recoverable on insurance policy, 722.
of goods sold, when to be assessed, 737.
to be taken at place of delivery, 738.
of land, 1081.
depreciation in, 1121, 1164.
difference in, 1149, 1163.
of farm land, 1163.
of wild land, 1163.
enhancement of, 1171.
rule of, 1171c.
of franchises, 1171(2.
of stock, 1171d.
without improvement, 1171e.
land without, 1171e.
what is, 1171e.
how to be proved, 1171e.
in condemnation proceedings, rule of, may fail altogether, 1173.
implies non-compulsory sales, 1179.
license fee a species of, 1222.
evidence of, 1297.
See Value.
MARLBRIDGE, statute of, nominal d. in action under, 100.
MARRIAGE, breach of promise of, 30 n.
d. for mental suffering, 45.
compensation for loss of advantages of, 50, 638.
compensation for loss of opportunity of, 172.
exemplary d. for breach of promise of, 370.
promise of, as aggravation of d. for seduction, 475.
offer of, as mitigation of d. for seduction, 476.
compensation for loss of, 637, 638.
d. for breach of promise of marriage, 641.
action for breach of promise of, resembles action for tort, 637.
INDEX 3267
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MARRIAGE — Continued.
loss of opportunity for, may be shown in action for breach of promise of
marriage, 638c.
verdict for breach of promise of, may be set aside as excessive, 1328.
excessive d. for breach of promise of, 1339.
breach of promise of. See Breach op Phomise op Mabriage.
MARRIED WOMAN, see wife, 226/.
d. recovery by, for personal injury, 486.
may recover compensation for land belonging to her taken in eminent
domain, 1154a.
MARRIED WOMEN'S PROPERTY ACT, effect of, on recovery for personal
mjury, 486, 486a.
MARRY, bond not to, 396.
liquidated d. for breach of contract to, 415.
MARSH, draining or flooding is special benefit, 1130.
MARYLAND, "taking" in, 1116 n.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
MASSACHUSETTS, rule in, for allowance of interest, 321.
no exemplary d. in, 358.
rule of d. for escape, 554.
decisions in, on unconscionable contracts, 606c.
doctrine of, as to amount of recovery on note, 695.
recovery of higher intermediate value of goods sold, 746.
rule in, for d. on breach of warranty, 962.
rule in, for d. for failure to take title to land, 1023.
statutes on eminent domain in, 1119.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1139a, 1146.
MASTER, action against for wrongful discharge of servant. See Service.
for negligence in hiring servant, 378.
liability of, in exemplary d. for act of servant, 378.
remedy of, for improper service, 674.
interest on report of, 335.
MATE, wrongful discharge of, 207.
MATERIALS, notice of special use for, 166.
contract to furnish, 156.
left on hand, duty to use, 213.
d. for injury to, by injunction, f&5d.
d. for loss of, by injunction, 685/.
for building, breach of contract to supply, 646a.
for building or manufacturing, d. iat failure to supply, 742o,
in buildings, evidence of, 1168 n.
for construction of canal, taking of, 1107.
MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURE, consequential d. for failure to deliver,
742a.
for delay in transportation of, 152.
for breach of warranty of, 766.
MATERIALMAN, recovery on bond for benefit of, 6796.
MATURE CROP, value of, 191.
MATURITY of commercial paper, interest after, 325 et seq.
interest from date of non-payment at, as liquidated d., 411.
3268 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MATURITY— Continued.
rate of, 325-331.
expressed intention governs as to, 330.
on demand note, 330.
higher rate after maturity, 331.
of coupon bond, interest after, 346.
excessive interest after, whether usurious, 420 n.
MAXIMS, Causa proxima non remota spedatur, 114.
de minimis non curat hx, 32, 103.
qui facit per oMum, facit per se, 810.
respondeat superior, 810.
utri jus ibi remedium, 97.
MAYHEM, power of court as to d. for, 19, 349.
MAYOR, recovery by, for services as attraney, &lSe.
recovery on bond of, 693.
MEADOW, overflowed by water, 866.
expense of reseeding after fire, 226d.
d. for destruction of turf in, 937a.
MEANING of "property" in New Hampshire, 1117.
of "damaged" in Illinois, 1121.
of recoupment, 1035, 1038,, 1039.
of "taken," 1115.
of "or damaged" in South Dakota, 1123.
MEANS, to avoid consequences must be reasonable, 226m.
MEASURE OF DAMAGES. See Damages.
a question of law, 606.
where lands are taken, 1080.
elements entering into, 1163.
prospective, 1149a.
in eminent domain, 1149.
MEASURE OF VALUE. See Value, 2416.
MEAT, spoiled for lack of ice, 164.
liquidated d. for breach of contract to buy, 416.
MECHANIC'S LIEN, recoupment in action to enforce, 1044.
MEDICAL AID, for personal injury, to be employed, 214o.
for personal injury, only required when reasonable, 219.
procured for personal injury, 2216.
expense of, whether recoverable by wife, 226/.
gratuitous, 226/, n.
future, 226/.
no recovery for, if another has paid or is respoi^sible for it, 226/.
MEDICAL ATTENDANCE, failure to furnish, 45.
expense of, 226/.
recovery by minor for expense of, 4866.
MEDICAL EXPENSES, recovery for, 171.
nominal d. for, 171a.
recoverable, 226/.
recovery for, in action for personal injury, 481, 482.
value of, must be shown, 483.
must be reasonable, 2261, 483.
INDEX 3269
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MEDICAL EXPENSES— Continued.
recoverable though paid by another or yet unpaid, 483.
by married woman, 486.
by minor, 4866.
of wife's illness, recoverable by husband, 486a.
of child, recovery for loss of, 486c.
in action for injury to child, 486c.
for death, 573.
on breach of warranty, 769, 772.
recovery for loss of, by injury to passenger, 860.
of illness caused by nuisance, 948.
MEDICINE, consequences of delay in delivering, 856 n., 856a.
recoveiy by passenger in sleeping car for loss of, 873o.
MEDIUM OF PAYMENT. See Payment, Medium op.
primitive substitutes for money, 266.
medium in which a payment may be made, 267.
adoption of a new standard of value, 268.
adoption of a new legal tender, double standaidj 269.
contract payable in gold, 270.
form of judgment on a contract payable in gold, 271.
actions of tort for the loss of gold, 272.
contract payable in foreign currency, 273.
in currency of that country, 274.
exchange, 275.
contract payable in bills, notes, stock, and other securities, 276.
rule varied by principle of estoppel, 277.
confederate States money, 278.
commodities as a medium of payment, 279.
no distinction on principle between a commodity and any other medium
of payment, 279a.
contracts regarded simply as agreements for the sale or delivery of spe-
cific articles, 2796.
option to discharge indebtedness in commodities at a rate or price fixed,
279c.
where no rate is fixed, 280.
alternative contracts; liquidated d.; rule of least beneficial altemative,
281.
the conflict of laws as to, 1382.
MEMBERS of family being hurt, danger of, 1164.
MENTAL ANGUISH, caused by possibility of extraneous inconvenience of
family, 4Sg.
caused by use of narcotics, 226J, n.
recovery for, against officer, 564.
for delay in transportation of corpse, 856(1.
MENTAL CAPACITY, compensation for loss of, 47.
MENTAL INJURIES, compensation for, 39.
MENTAL POWER, excessive d. for loss of, 1361.
MENTAL SUFFERING.
I. — General Principles
d. for, 43. ',
3270 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MENTAL SUFFERING— Conimsied.
not of itself a cause of action, 43.
ambiguity of term, 4Sa.
recovery for, without physical impact, 436.
consequent upon independent actionable wrong, 43i.
alone, not usually cause of action, 43/.
sympathetic, no recovery for, 43g.
for intentional wrong, 43j.
what persons can feel, 43k.
in addition to physical suffering, 44.
when remote, 44.
compensation for, how estimated, 46.
difficulty of estimating compensation in money no objection to allow-
ance of d. for, 46.
d. for, and exemplary d., 356.
d. for not the same as exemplary d., 356, 357.
no recovery for imaginary or sentimental, 484.
by married woman, 486.
by minor, 486b.
notice of probability of, iii telegram, 894c.
child may feel, 894d.
d. for prolongation of, 894td.
evidence of, 1307.
excessive d. for, 1353.
II.— Kinds or Mental Suppbrinq Compensated
what may be compensated, 47, 894d.
accompanying physical pain, 47.
anxiety and distress, 47. <
blow to affections, 47.
fright, 47, 484.
humiliation, 47.
indignity, 47.
loss" of peace of mind and happiness, 47.
mental pain, 47.
mortification, 47.
risk of injury, 866.
sense of insult, 47.
shame, 47.
III. — In What Actions Recovery Mat Be Had
for assault, 43.
for false imprisonment, 43, 462, 465.
for injury to property, 44a, 436.
for breach of contract, 45.
of obUgation of telegraph company, 45a, 894 et seq.
of promise of marriage, 45, 637.
for delaying funeral, 168.
for slander or hbel, 443, 444.
for malicious prosecution, 458.
for malicious attachment, 467.
for seduction, 471, 473, 477.
INDEX 3271
[References are to Sections, d. means damage; w, means note.}
MENTAL SUFFERING— ConiinwecZ.
for alienation of affection, 4805.
for personal injury, 481, 484.
for breach of promise of marriage, 638&.
on bond for arrest, 686a, n.
against carrier of passengers, 860.
for injury to passenger, 860.
for failure to carry passenger to destination, 864.
not for failure to carry passenger, 862.
for injury topassenger in sleeping car, 873a.
for eviction from leased premises, 988a.
under Civil Damage Act, 1256.
not compensated under statutes giving action for death, 573.
MERCANTILE SECURITIES. See Notes; Bills and Notes.
interest on, in England, 287.
d. against agents to collect, 813, 819, 820.
MERCHANDISE, d. for breach of warranty of, 771.
whether baggage, 873 «.
rule for non-delivery of, not different from that for stock, 747, 748.
MESNE PROCESS, escape from arrest on, 554a.
MESNE PROFITS, interest on, 307, -919.-
recovery of, on injunction bond, 685a.
- whether recoverable in action for ejectment, 901.
nominal d. in ejectment suit no bar to action for, 902.
action for, 905 et aeq.
claim for, distinct from d., 905.
must be supported by averment, 905.
belong to mortgagor, 906.
against two defendants, 906.
recoverable by tenant against co-tenant, 906, 913.
Roman, French, and Scotch law as to, 906.
jury not governed by rent in estimating) 907.
annual value of land usually measures, 907, 908.
bankruptcy no bar to action for, 907.
inadequate price paid by plaintiff does not reduce, 908.
actual income does not measure, 908.
of a ferry, 908, 909.
of a mill-site, 908.
net, not gross value measures, 909.
value of use of improvements not recoverable, 909.
deduction from, for taxes, rent, and expenses, 909, 918.
waste or injury to freehold recoverable in action for, 910.
must be specially alleged, 910.
for what period recoverable, 911.
not prior to defendant's entry, 911.
by one tenant in common, 911..
not before plaintiff's title accrued, 912.
by mortgagee, 912.
by heir or devisee, 912.
to date of verdict, 913.
327'2 muEX
[References are to seHions, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MESNE PROFITS— Continued.
by executor, 913.
statute of limitations applied to, 914.
allowance for improvements in, 915. See Imfrovementb.
on rents, 919.
on repairs, 919.
costs of ejectment suit recoverable in action for, 920.
but usually not cqunsel fees, 920.
offset against interest, 981.
allowed during period of delay in maikihg conveyance, 1(K21«.
MESSAGE, language of, giving an mdication of meaning, 154.
may in itself convey notice of necessary facts, 169.
sent in connection with business transaction, 169.
failure to transmit, 170 re.
duty to replace after disooveiy of noii-ddiviwy of, W^.
repetition (rf telegraphic, 876.
commercial, d. for default in transmittwg, 882 et veq.
consequences of failing to transmit conimeFeial, 891.
value of, 892.
recovray of price of, 893.
MESSENGER, ^od telegraph compani^, 153ffl.
MESSENGER BUSINESS, 183.
MESSENGER SERVKJE, lesponsibiliQr of tekgrajA company operating, 8736.
MEXICO, d. un^er the law of, 28a.
MICHIGAN, doctrine of jexemplary d. in, 358.
law of, as to higher intermediate value, 518.
MIDWIFE, injury to, 180.
MILK, sale of, for resale, lj64a.
d. for decreased supply iSf, by reason of injunction, 685/.
d. for breach of warranty <rf, 765, 766 n.
MILK ROUTE, recoupment in action for price of, 1040.
MILL, stoppage of, 134a, 157, 1«S, 166.
loss of use of, 152.
delay of machinery for, 153 n.
d. for failure to bifid, 186.
on plaintiff's land, 186.
diversion of water fnnn, 189.
d. for interference witii, 189, 190.
failure to deliver machinery for, 190, 205n.
breach of contract to supply, 620 h.
d. for loss of use of, by injuncfio^ '^^.
d. for Averting water from, 926, 949.
MILL-DAM, d. for injury to, 189.
destruction of, 189.
d. for not repairing, 202.
covenant by landlord to repkir, 209.
d. from erection of, ll'Sl n.
MILLINER, evidence of profits by, ISlre.
MILL RACE, d. for obstruction of, 214.
MILL-SITE, mesne profits of, 908.
INDEX 3273,
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MILL-SITE— Continued.
value of use of, 908.
value of, 1018.
MILL-STREAM, d. for injury to, 940.
MINE, flooding of, 33, 92, 184.
whether a cause of action, 33.
prospective d. for, 92.
waste from, 93.
value of use of, 189 n.
ore from, 193.
value of land for, 252 n.
d. for breach of contract to, 607 n.
recovery of d:, for injunction against working, 685e.
recovery for keeping clear of water pending injunction, 685e.
d. for maliciously ousting from possession of, 944.
opening, is special benefit, 1130.
MINERAL LAND, taking of hfe interest in, 1105.
MINERALS, d. for failure to pay for, 752a.
d. for removal of, 935.
contract right to sink shafts in, land for, 1097.
MINNESOTA, statute on appraisal of lands, 1112a, n.
constitutional provisions for allowance to benefits in, 1145.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
conversion of action of trespass into condemnation proceeding in, 1151.
MINIMUM, of loss, 171a, n.
amount of d. given without proof, 171.
MINIMUM RENT, agreement upon amount of, 999a.
MINING, profits of, 182a, n.
d. for breach of contract for, 614 n.
d. on injunction bond for preventing, 6856.
land used for placer, 1171a.
See Orb.
MINING LEASE, breach of covenant in, 999fc.
MINISTERIAL DUTY, liabihty of judge for malfeasance, 692^.
MINISTERIAL OFFICER, liabihty of, m exemplary d., 381, 383.
MINOR son, accident to, 4Sg, n.
recovery of medical expenses by, 226/.
recovery by, for personal injury, 486b.
recovery for loss of advice of, in action for death, 575.
recovery by father in action for death of, based on continuance of life
beyond minority, 575.
recovery by father of services of) 575.
value of services during minority, in action for death, 575.
recovery by, for loss of support, on death of parent, 577.
recovery by, upon leaving service before completion of contract, 663.
recovery for services of, 673a.
recoupment against, 1041.
See Infant.
MINORITY, recovery by parent for loss of services after, 575.
MISBEHAVIOR of servant, recoupment for, 1039, 1066.
3274 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MISCARRIAGE, recovery for loss caused by, 43h.
compensation for, attended by physical or mental suffering, 44.
possibility of, 170 n.
IVIISDELIVERY of goods, d. for, 853.
MISSISSIPPI, law of, as to higher intermediate value, 516.
''consequential damages" in, 1123.
constitution of, on eminent domain, 1123.
MISSOURI, constitution of, referred to, 1122.
constitution of, on eminent domain, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1139a.
MISREPRESENTATION in sale of goods, consequences of, 780.
in inducing lease, 990c.
rule of d. in case of breach of contract to convey land, whether changed
because of, 1010.
in sale of land, d. for, 1027, 1028.
MISTAKE, of counsel, 84.
interest on money received or retained by, 306.
no exemplary d. for tort resulting from, 363, 383.
mitigates exemplary d., 383c.
effect of, on amount of recovery, 6066.
rescission of contract for, 655e.
d. for cutting trees by, 934.
verdict set aside for, 1326.
MISUSE of term "consequential damages," 1113.
MITIGATION OF DAMAGES, what is, 51, 203.
of non-pecuniary d., 51.
circumstances shown in, 48.
a matter of evidence, 52.
by bad character of plaintiff, 52, 451.
in actions for defamation, 377.
of exemplary d., 377, 1254.
by lack of malice, 383.
by proof of good faith, 383a.
by advice of counsel, 3836.
by belief of right, 383c.
by mistake, 383c.
by provocation, 384.
by payment of fine in criminal proceeding, 386.
for tort, 430.
not allowed where d. measured by value of property, 430.
for libel and slander, 448-453.
insanity of defendant, 448.
drunkenness of defendant, 448.
heat of political campaign, 448.
disproof of actual malice, 448o.
reasonable belief of truth, 448c.
in case of repetition, 448d.
provocation, 449.
disproof of d., 450.
disbelief of hearers or readers, 450.
INDEX 3275
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MITIGATION OF DAMAGES— Coraimwed.
by rumor of truth, 451.
by actual truth, 452.
by retraction, 453.
for malicious prosecution, 460.
for false imprisonment, 466.
for seduction, 476.
by offer of marriage, 476.
by indifference of plaintiff, 476.
by unchastity of daughter, 476.
by recovery by daughter, 476.
for criminal conversation, 480.
for alienation of affection of wife, 480o.
for aUenation of affection of husband, 4806.
for personal injury, 487-490.
by recent provocation, 487o.
by bad character of plaintiff, 488.
by criminal conviction, 489.
by circumstances of the parties, 490.
against a public officer; 548, 549, 554, 557.
for failure to arrest, 551.
for failure to levy, 549.
against a receiptor, 567.
for death, by showing contributory negligence, 585.
for breach of promise of marriage, 641.
on attachment bond, 683.
on bail bond, 686.
on sheriff's bond, 692i.
question for jury, 1318.
for court, 1318.
whether matters in, must be alleged in answer, 1271a.
MIXTURE of property, d: for, 505.
MOB, injury by, 128, 928.
interest on property destroyed by, 317.
MODE of using land, peculiar, 1171.
MONEY, action for, whether a suit for specific performance, 4.
d. for wrongful refusal to pay, 45.
do not include mental suffering, 45.
' "difficulty of estimating d. in, no objection to recovery, 46.
breach of contract to supply, 153.
telegraphed for, 154.
stolen by burglar from warranted safe, 164a.
consequential d. for loss of, 168.
notice of purpose for, 168.
d. for failure to pay, 171a.
value of use of, how measured, 1716.
d. for loss of use of, 174, 179.
paid for recovery of property, 226c.
value of, 264.
as medium of payment, 266 et seq. See Medium of Payment.
3276 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MONEY— Continued.
payment to be made in, unless otherwise stipulated, 266, 267.
primitive substitutes for, 266.
different kinds of, 269.
legal tender for, 269.
banker's liability for depreciation of, 269.
foreign, 273, 274.
"Confederate," 278.
payable at indefinite time, 285.
interest for failure to pay, 288.
interest in England for detention of, 290.
vexatiously withheld, interest for, 294.
interest for breach of contract to pay, 301.
from time fixed for payment, 302.
payable on demand, interest on, 302a.
illegally acquired or used, interest on, 303.
retained after it should have been paid, interest on, 303.
paid out for defendant, interest on, 304.
had and received, interest on, 305.
received or retained by mistake, interest on, 306.
due for goods bought, interest on, 308.
due for work and labor, interest on, 308a.
liquidated d. for delay in payment of, 411.
stipulation for larger sum of, on non-payment of smaMer sum, when
liquidated d., 411.
d. for failure to supply, 607 n.
breach of agreement to loan, 1076, n., 622.
to pay, 6226.
paid for advertising enjoined sale, recovery of, 6S5h.
injunction against paying, 685i.
payment of, delayed by appeal, 688a.
wrongly collected by officer, recovery for embezzlement of, 692a.
default in payment of, by public officer, to what term referred,
692e.
loss of, by treasurer, 692/.
liabiUty for embezzlement of, by judge, 692^.
recovery on sheriff's bond for failure to pay Over, 6921.
received on policy of insurance, 692t.
recovery for embezzlement by officer of corporation, on bond, 694.
collection of not covered by bond of some officers, 695a.
d. for delay in transportation of, 854.
d. for delay in deliveiy of, 856a.
whether baggage, 873.
liability of sleeping car company for loss of, 873o.
earning power of, 1171d.
compensation in something else than, 1172.
MONEY BOND, different from bond with express covenants, 679.
MONTANA, constitution on eminent domain, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1145.
MONTH'S WARNING, employment on, 668.
INDEX 3277
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MONUMENT, profits of contract to construct, 614 n.
d. for breach of contract to furnish, 618 n.
MORAL TRAINING, loss of, by death of parent, 577.
MORTALITY TABLES, as evidence in actions for death, 581.
not conclusive, 581.
admissible as evidence of duration of life, 581.
MORTGAGE, payable in installments, 90 n.
failure of title examiner to find, 218.
expense of securing redemption of, 226c, n.
interest on, in England, 290.
compound interest on, not allowed, 344.
d. for fraudulently dealing with, 439d.
fraud in procuring, 439d, 439j.
fraud in, 440.
effect of, on amount of recovery on junior mortgage, 497/.
breach of agreement to loan money to discharge, 622.
to advance money to take up, 622.
to give, 622a.
effect of, on forthcoming bond, 684.
liabihty of clerk of court for taking acknowledgment of forged, 692A.
for entering forged cancellation of, 692^.
effect of foreclosure of, on notes secured thereby, 69So.
d. for fraud in assignment of, 777.
contract to pay, 789, 806, 975.
payment by, 796, 800.
d. against agent to invest in, 8186, 830.
failure of title company to report, 831a.
d. against mortgagor for wrongful severance from realty, 936.
expense of removing re.coverable on covenant against incumbrances, 968.
d. for incumbrance consisting of, 968.
agreement by grantee to pay, 972.
lack of title as defence to action for foreclosure, 973.
d. for breach of real covenants by existence of, 974.
d. recoverable for incumbrance by, 974.
recoupment in suit for foreclosure of, 1070.
MORTGAGE DEED, liability of notary public for taking acknowledgment of
forged, 692?.
MORTGAGEE, d. recoverable by, 73.
by junior, 73.
suit for conversion of mortgaged property by junior, 81,
d. against mortgagor, 82.
agreement by, not to foreclose, 167.
exemplary d. against, for wrongful seizure of mortgaged property,
373a.
recovery by, 497c.
in replevin, 531a.
for wrongful attachment, 565.
for injunction against enforcing mortgage, 685c.
on replevin bond, 6916, n.
on policy of marine insurance, 712o.
3278 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MORTGAGEE— CoreiiraMed.
reduction of d. against, for conversion, 1069.
after foreclosure entitled to d. in eminent domain proceedings, 1154a.
MORTGAGEE OF CHATTELS, d. recoverable by, 81, 497/.
against attaching sheriff, 82, 565.
recovery by successive mortgagees, 81.
for loss of use of property, 637.
MORTGAGEE OF LAND, d. recoverable by, 73, 927.
whether whole loss recoverable by, 73.
action for impairment of security, 73.
loss how apportioned between senior and junior, 73.
liquidated d. for breach of terms of assignment of, 416.
recovery by, on policy of insurance, 725, 726.
entitled to mesne profits, 906.
of mesne profits by, 912.
for injury to land, 926.
against mortgagor for injury to security, 936.
MORTGAGEES, protection of, in elevated railway cases, 1207.
MORTGAGOR, recovery against mortgagee, 82.
MORTGAGOR OP CHATTELS, d. recoverable by, 81, 497e.
for wrongful attachment, 565.
MORTGAGOR OF LAND, recovery by, 927.
on policy of insurance, 725.
MORTGAGOR IN POSSESSION, recovery by, 73.
entry under conveyance from, 1175.
after foreclosure cannot recover in eminent domain proceetflngs, 1154a.
entitled to mesne profits upon foreclosure, 906.
MORTIFICATION, compensation for, 47.
recovery for, by wrongful ejectment, 47.
by mutilation, 47.
in action for personal injury, 484.
on breach of promise of marriage, 6386.
recovery by guest of inn for, 8735.
MOTHER, libel, causing mental anguish to, 43^.
no recovery by, for fear of imperfection of unborn child, 43?.
causing mental suffering by refusal to carry daughter to, 45o, n.
recovery for wrongful mutilation of, 47.
MOTION, to dissolve injunction, counsel fees on, recoverable on bond, 685j.
no recovery for expense of, when needless, G851.
to set aside verdict, how made, 1329.
MOTIVE, as bearing on the question of exemplary d., 369.
may be shown to affect d. in tort, 429.
considered in awarding exemplary d., 463.
not considered in determining d. for breach of contract, 603.
of defendant in making contract of marriage, may be shown in breach
of promise of marriage, 639a.
verdict set aside for improper, 1326.
MOTIVE POWER, 1165c.
MOVING, a building, injunction against, 685c.
houses, expense of, 1151 n.
INDEX 3279
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
MOWING-MACHINE, warranty of , 767.
MULE, wrongful seizure of, 191.
MULES, total loss of cargo of, 710.
recovery for total loss of, on policy of insurance, 710.
MULTIPLICITY OF SUITS, prevention of, 1031.
MUNICIPAL BOND, value of, 257.
injunction against using, 685i.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, liability of, to interest, 337.
liability in exemplary d., 379.
alone can offset benefits in Washington, 1143a.
not responsible for grading street, 1182.
MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENTS, assessment for benefits by, distinct from
benefits by eminent domain, 1126.
MUSIC, value of, 251.
MUSIC TEACHER, injury to, 180.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, value of, 251.
MUTILATION, PHYSICAL, compensation for mortification resulting from, 47
causing disfigurement, recovery for mental distress, 47.
MUTUAL ACCOUNT, interest on balance of, 311.
interest on, by custom, 311.
MUTUAL COVENANTS, 636to.
MUTUAL INSURANCE, 730.
NARCOTICS, effect of administering to deaden pain, 226^, n.
NARROWING of sidewalk, 1123 n.
of road, 1092.
NATURAL BEAUTY, injury to, 1123a.
NATURAL CONSEQUENCES, meaning of the term, 138.
unnatural or unexpected consequences how far actionable, 139.
d. for unexpected consequences of a legal injury, 140.
difference between tort and breach of contract, 141.
general conclusion as to natural consequences, 142.
in actions of tort, 143.
the rule in Hadley v. Baxendale, 144.
Griflfin v. Colver, 145. '
meaning of the rule in Hadley v. Baxendale, 146.
Cory V. Thames I. W. & S. B. Co., 147.
general results of Hadley v. Baxendale, 147a.
of breach of contract, 148.
unnatural consequences of breach of contract, 149.
action against carrier of passengers, 150.
loss caused by unexpected natural causes supervening on the defendant's
act, 151.
by flood, storm, or fire, 151.
carrier's delay in transportation of, or loss of machinery or supplies, 152.
breach of contract to supply machinery or materials for trade or manu-
facture, 153.
breach of contract to supply money, 153a.
telegraph and messenger companies, 154.
agreement to repair, 155.
3280 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
NATURAL CONSEQUENCES— CoraiiwMed.
loss of a sub-contract, 156, 740.
notice, general rule, 157.
of consequences of a breach of contract, 158.
must form the basis of a contract, 159.
but need not be part of the contract, 160.
of a sub-contract, 161.
of a contemplated resale, 162.
of a sub-contract, but not of the price, 163.
of a special use for goods, 164.
breach of warranty of fitness for purpose, 164o.
notice of use of machinery, 165.
of a special use for material, 166.
of special use for premises, 167.
of special use for funds, 168.
of special use for information, 169.
of special need for promptness, 169a.
loss caused by failure to deliver goods sold, 742.
by expulsion from railway car, 867-871.
by delay in deUvery of goods by carrier, 879.
of failure to transmit telegram, 879.
of failure to convey land, loss of resale is not, 1022.
of failure to convey land, unless notice was given, 1022.
NATURAL INCREASE of property, compensation for, 498.
NATURAL GAS, d. for removal from land, 935 n.
NATURE of the mterest taken, 1084.
of right of eminent domain, 1107.
NAVIGABLE RIVERS, access to, 1093.
NEAREST MARKET. See Value.
is standard of value, 739.
NEARNESS of pipe line to underlying coal, 1166c.
of poles to residence, 1149 re.
NEBRASKA, no exemplary d. in, at common law, 358.
rule in, for d. on breach of warranty, 962.
constitution of, referred to, 1122.
constitution on eminent domain, 1123.
constitutional provision as to benefits in, 1140.
NEED of haste, notice of, 169a.
NE EXEAT bond, 683 n.
NEGATIVE agreement, d. for violation of, 631a.
NEGATIVES, value of photographic, 250.
NEGLECT to sell, d. against agent for, 824.
to purchase, d. against agent for, 825.
NEGLIGENCE, causing bodily mjury, 43i.
in constructing public work, prospective d. for, 95.
as cause of action, test of natural consequences, 142.
contributory, 203.
interest on value of property destroyed by, 318.
gross, 368.
exemplary d. for gross, 368.
INDEX 3281
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
NEGLIGENCE— Conimued.
of master in hiring servant as a ground for exemplary d., 378, 380.
of sherifi, 543 et seq.
of magistrate, 559.
I of county clerk, 560.
of county treasurer, 661.
of justice of the peace, 559.
of notary, 559.
contributory, whether a defense in an action for death, 685.
in admu-alty, 687, 599.
in building cellar, d. for, 657.
of agent, liability of principal for, 810.
liability of agent to principal for, 810 et seq.
in investigating title, 830.
in making defense, d. for, 831.
in building stable, d. for, 1066.
in construction, 1100.
liability for, effect of release of d. on, 1110 n,
in planning improvement, 1110 n.
action for, 1166.
NEGLIGENT maintenance of sewers, 1110 n.
construction of sewers, 1110 n.
NEGOTIABLE PAPER. See Bill of Exchange; Note.
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS, d. in actions upon, 695 et seq. .
the face value recoverable, 695.
partial payment, 695a.
application of payments, 6956. ;
attorney's fees, 695c.
interest, 696.
interest by the civil law, 697.
interest not formerly allowed, 698.
now universally allowed, 699.
foreign bills, cost of protest and re-exchange, 700.
re-exchange on promissory notes and inland bills, 700a.
costs of protest and re-exchange, when not allowed, 701.
accommodation paper, 702.
pledged paper, 703.
measure of liability of an indorser, 704.
costs of prior suits, 705.
indorser's d., 706.
d. for failure to accept or pay, 707.
d. in cases of fraud and estoppel, 708.
NEGOTIATION of note, d. for wrongful, 708.
NEGRO, evidence that deceased was, not admitted in action for death, 580a.
NEGROES, injunction against removing, 685i.
NEIGHBORHOOD, railroad in, 1162.
NEPHEW, d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death of, 8946.
NERVOUS BREAKDOWN, possibility of, 170re.
NERVOUS PROSTRATION, consequence of fright, 43o.
recovery for loss caused by, 43h.
206
3282 INDEX
{References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
NERVOUS PROSTRATION— CoTCiinMed.
recovery when result of actionable wrong, 47.
excessive d. for, 1360.
NERVOUS SHOCK, what constitutes, 43a.
causing death or mental disease, 43a.
caused by practical joke, 43^.
d. recoverable for, 153a.
compensation recoverable by passenger for, 861, 866.
caused by risk of injury, 866.
NERVOUS SICKNESS, caused by breach of contract, 45a.
NET, destroyed by defendant, 200.
NET EARNINGS, 1171d.
evidence of, 1173.
NEURASTHENIA, excessive d. for, 1360.
NEUROTIC CONDITION, causing imagmative suffering, 48n.
NEVADA, constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
doctrine of exemplary d. in, 359.
NEW, for old, one-third in insurance, 709, 711, 715.
rule of, not applicable to collisions, 592.
business, 183.
profits from, too vmcertain, 685e.
fencing, 1164.
NEW HAMPSHIRE, doctrine of exemplary d. m, 358.
law of-, as to higher intermediate value, 518.
rule in, for d. for failure to take title to land, 1023.
meaning of "property" in, 1117.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
NEW JERSEY, rule of d. in, for failure to convey land, 1009.
rule in, for recoupment, 1039.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
NEW ROAD, opening of, across ri^t of way, 1167.
NEW SEWER, expense in making connection with, 1166a!.
NEW TRIAL not granted to a plaintiff entitled to nominal d. only, 109.
unless it would carry costs or establish title, 109.
for excessive d., grounds for, when exemplary d. are allowed, 388.
NEW YORK, rule in, for allowance of intetest, 313.
interest on proceedings in error in, 336.
early cases on liquidated d. in, 400.
rule of, for d. for severance from freehold, 502.
law of, as to higher intermediate value, 509Jf.
rule of d. for escape, 554.
d. on appeal bond in, where appeal taken from intermediate court, i
statute giving action for waste, 950.
rule in fot- d. on breach of covenant of warranty, 957.
taking land under constitution of, 1113.
assessment of benefits for opening streets in, 1128.
rule in, for allowance of benefits, 1130a.
allowance of consequential d. for eminent domain in, 1131.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1145.
remission of excess of verdict in, 1330.
INDEX 3283
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
NEW YOUK— Continued.
rule in, for interest on judgment, 334.
"taking" in, 1116.
NEWSPAPER, evidence of profit from special editions of, 181n.
custom of, as authorizing exemplary d., 380o.
liquidated d. on contract for sale of, 401.
character and standing of, aggravates d. for libel published by it,
445.
wealth of proprietor of, does not aggravate d. for libel, 445.
NEXT OF KIN, recovery by, in statutory action for death, 579.
husband is not, 579.
NO LAND TAKEN, rules when, 1088.
NOISE by railroad, compensation for, 42.
compensation for, 42.
increase of, 1101.
unusual, on railroad, 1110 ra.
from railroad operation, 1120, 1123.
d. from, 1123 n.
of trains, 1102, 1123 n., 1165.
whether new burden, 1152a.
d. from, 1164, 1165.
annoyance by, 1164.
injury from, 1165. ^
as element of d., 1165.
inconvenience from, 1165.
d. by, 1165a.
made by elevated railroad, 11656, n..
right to recover for, 1191.
NOMINAL DAMAGES.
I. — General Pbinciples
not prohibited by maxim de minimis non curat lex, 33.
recoverable though return of property accepted, 55.
for incumbrance removed by grantor, 56.
meaning of, 96.
distinguished from substantial d., 96.
not awarded for slight loss, 96.
common law relieves only from actual injury, 96a.
inferred from the fact of wrong done, 97.
for the infringement of a right, 98.
recoverable for bare infringement of right, 98.
actual d. unnecessary where right Infringed, 98.
establish title, 99.
determine important rights, 99.
for possible or probable injury, 100.
allowed even where trespass benefits plaintiff, 101.
in case submitted to court on agreed facts, 106.
where recovery restricted to, 107.
where no loss is inflicted, 107.
in Scotch law, 107 n.
where the amount of d. is not proved, 107o. ■.
3284 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.)
NOMINAL DAMAGES— ConimMed.
where the extent of d. is uncertain in its nature, 1076.
where the act is not by its nature calculated to cause loss, 107c.
where no loss happened on the facts of the case, Wld.
as affecting costs, 108.
do not generally carry costs, 108 n,
error in disallowance of, 109.
court may amend record by giving, 109.
new.trial not granted merely to give, 109.
granted when they carry costs or establish title, 109.
nonsuit not allowed when plaintiff entitled to, 109.
where no proof of amount of d. is offered, 171.
right to, may authorize exemplary d., 361.
no liquidation of d. allowed for, 411. .
whether recovery of, bars subsequent suit, 636^.
in case of payment not pleaded, 1074.
do not transfer title in patent suits, 1219.
II. — ^Against Whom Allowed
agent, 812, 813, 822.
attorney, 103.
banker, 105.
pubUc officer, 103, 547, 550, 554, 562.
receiptor, 106.
telegraph company, 877, 888, 889, 890, 893, 897.
III. — In Actions Sounding in Contract
in general, 98, 105, 106, 608, 610.
English cases, 105.
American cases, 106.
in life insurance, 100.
on bonds, 106.
in actions for services, 106.
on sealed instruments, 106.
on covenants, 106.
in case of mortgage, 107.
for failure to finish building, 186.
for breach of contract to loan money, 622.
of promise of marriage, 641.
for wrongful discharge of servant, 667, 672.
for breach of contract of service, 669.
in actions on bond, 6756, 676.
in actions on attachment bond, 682.
on forthcoming bond, 684.
on appeal bond, 688.
on replevin bond, 691o.
for delay in perforinaiiCe of work, 685<i.
for failure to render account or inventory, 692fc.
for non-delivery of chattels, 734.
for non-acceptance of chattels, 753.
on breach of contract to pay debt, 789.
in case of agency, 812.
INDEX 3285
[Jleferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]-
NOMINAL DAMAGES— Continued.
for attorney employed on percentage, 834(i.
for misdelivery of goods by carriers, 853.
for breach of contract by telegraph company, 877.
for failure to transmit cipher message, 890.
foj" failure to transmit message, 893.
for breach of real covenants, 953, 973, 976, 977.
of covenant of warranty, 956, 963, 965.
of covenant of seisin, 966.
of covenant against incumbrances, 968.
for outstanding incumbrance, -976.
where incumbrance is barred by adverse possession, 978. . ^
of covenant to remove incumbrances, 972.
of covenant to mine coal, 999A;.
of covenant against sub-lease, 999fc.
for failure to obtain leased premises, 984.
for breach of contract to convey land, 1001-1005, 1009, 1010.
in good faith, 1010.
of contract to purchase land, 1023.
IV. — In Actions Sounding in Tort
for tort in general, jlOO, 101, 104.
in suits brought by reversioners, 98, 100.
for Ubel or slander, 98.
for trespass q. c. /., 99.
for flooding land, 99.
as to landlord and tenant, 100.
for diversion of watercourses, 100.
for obstructing highways, 101.
for false imprisonment, 101.
for private letters, 107.
for conversion of altered note, 256.
, for assaidt, 481.
for attachment of land, 682.
for fraud in sale of chattel, 780.
of ejectment, 901.
recovery of, in ejectment does not bar action for mesne profits,
902.
for withholding dower, 921.
for trespass to lands, 923, 931.
for diverting or obstructing mill-stream, 940.
V. — ^1n Other Actions
in admiralty, 108 n., 599a.
in statutory action for death, 579.
in actions of detinue, 527.
in actions on patents, 102, 1233.
in actions of replevin, 529, 531, 535.
as to trade-marks, 100, 102.
in actions for taking by eminent domain, 1149b.
for laying out street as public highway, 1160a.
NOMINE P(EN^, 395.
3286 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
NON-ACCEPTANCE of bill, d. for, 700, 706, 707.
of goods sold, d. for, 753.
NON-DELIVERY, consequential d. on, 153, 164, 742.
avoidable consequences of, 201, 205, 741,
interest on, 313a.
of money, stipulation for larger amount upon, a penalty, 411.
liquidated d. for, 417.
after partial delivery, 434, 743.
of goods sold, d. for, 734.
nominal d. for, 734.
reason of rule of d. for, 734, 735,
of stock, d. for, 736.
was by installments, 737.
where delivery was to be on demand, 737.
time of estimating value on, 737.
was postponed, 737.
price on sub-contract, when recoverable on, 740.
waiver of, 743.
value where to be estimated on, 738.
after payment in advance, 744-749,
in the nearest market, 739,
by carrier, d. for, 844.
recoupment for, 1059.
NON-PAYMENT of bill, d. for, 700, 706, 707.
re-exchange as d. for, 700,
d. on protest for, 700.
resale upon, 750.
for goods bought, d. for, 750, 751.
by bill or note, 756.
of freight, right of detention for, 844.
NON-PERFORMANCE of contracts, recovery after, 658f .
NONSUIT not to be granted where plaintiff is entitled to nominal d., 109.
NORMAL CONSEQUENCES. See Natuhal CoNSEQUENCjis.
NORTH CAROLINA, rule of d, for escape, 554.
what constitutes eviction in, 956.
rule in, for recoupment, 1039.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
NORTH DAKOTA, law of, as to higher intermediate value, 517o.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1141o.
NORTHAMPTON TABLES admissible to prove duration of life, 1306.
NOSE, excessive d. for fracture of, 1351.
NOTARY, d. against, for negligence, 559, 563o.
hability on official bond of, 692^.
NOTE. See Note, Promissoby.
failure to protest, 107o, n.
value of promissory, 256.
contract payable in promissory, 276, 281.
of debtor, contract payable in, 277.
payable in commodities, 279c.
INDEX 3287
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
NOT^^— Continued.
interest upon non-payment of, 301.
payable on demand, interest on, 302a.
stipulated interest in, whether recoverable after maturity, 325 et seq.
rate of interest on overdue, 325 et seq.
no interest on, where funds for payment at maturity, 3406.
for interest, interest upon, 346.
d. for fraud in assigning, 440.
breach of contract to give, 622c.
d. for failure to collect, 633c.
d. on bond of oflScer of corporation for failure to protest, 694.
re-exphange on promissory, 700a.
breach of agreement to pay for property by, 756.
of third person, value of, 756.
warranty of value of, 763.
d. for breach of warranty of money due on, 776.
of another, agreement to pay, 789.
of third party, covenant to pay, 789.
given as indemnity, recovery on, 793.
payment by, sufficient to give surety cause of action, 797.
d. for failure to coDect, 814.
d. against agent for failure to collect, 819.
failure to pay, by delay in transmission of telegram, 881.
for purchase money, lack of title as defence to action on, 973.
recoupment in action on, 1040, 1050.
the conflict of laws as to d. in actions upon, 1375.
contract payable in, 276.
interest on, 287, 301, 325, 329, 696, 698, 699.
in England, 290.
overdue, interest on, 301.
payable on demand, interest on, 330.
expressed intention governs, 330.
interest on, at higher rate after maturity, 331.
attorney's fee as liquidated d. for non-payment of, 416.
inadequate consideration of, 695.
d. on, 695 et seq.
face value of, recoverable, 695.
French code as to interest on, 697.
civil law as to interest on, 697.
d. for protest of, 700, 701.
accommodation, recovery on, 702.
recovery on, by pledgee, 703.
non-negotiable, liability of assignor of, 704.
liability of indorser of, 704.
to costs of prior suit, 705.
estoppel to deny signature of, 708,
fraudulent negotiation of, 708.
transfer of, 708.
payment for goods bought by, 756.
breach of warranty of indorsement of, 775.
3288 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
NOTE— CoraJmiicd.
that a certain sum is due on, 776.
payment by, 796-798.
guaranty of collection of, 803.
recoupment in action on, 1036, 1039, 1040, 1050.
in trover for, 1044.
conflict of laws, 1375.
as to interest, 1375.
as to protest, 1375.
NOTICE, 157 et seq. See CoNSEQUENTiAii Damages; HADiaiY v. Baxendale.
loss on sub-contracts, on proof of, 147o.
such as to inform defendant of any ordinary d., 157.
general rule, 157.
effect of, in enlarging scope of compensation for breach of contract, 158.
must form basis of contract, 159.
may be verbal, 160.
need not be part of contract, 160.
of sub-contract, 161, 740.
of contemplated resale, 162.
of resale, but not of price, 163.
of special purpose for which warranted fit, 164o,
of special use for goods, 164, 742.
for machinery, 165.
for material for manufacture, 166.
for premises, 167.
for money, 168.
for information, 169, 879, 880.
of failure to transmit telegram, 169, 879, 880.
of special need for promptness, 169a.
necessary for apphcation of rule of avoidable consequences, 223.
of prior Utigation, necessity of, to recover expenses, 236, 238, 241, 773,
805.
of prior suit, when required for recovery of litigation expenses, 239.
to prevent payment, as interrupting interest, 341.
contract of service terminable on, 668.
of sub-contract, 740.
of consequences of failure to deliver goods, 742.
of resale, whether necessary to bind purchaser in default, 755.
of countermand of sale, effect of, 768.
of refusal to accept goods purchased, 758.
of purpose, breach of warranty after, 766.
of consequences of failure to transport, 843.
of non-delivery, when must be given, 856a.
of special d. from delay in delivery of goods, 856a.
of consequences of failure to transmit telegram, 879, 880.
to telegraph company, of intended purchase, 882;
of consequences of disrepair by landlord, 992.
of recoupment, whether necessary, 1045.
recoupment for departure from service without, 1064.
NOXIOUS and offensive vapors, 1166d.
INDEX 3289
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
NUISANCE, no action for, if common, 34, 946.
unless particular d. results, 35.
to what time d. are recoverable in action for, 81.
act which continues, 88.
continuing, 91, 95, 924.
permanent, 93.
assumption of continuance of, 94.
annoyance by, 107o, n.
continuation of, 170a, 924.
to real estate, d. for, 171 n.
exemplary d. for, 373.
single or continuing, 924.
action for abatement of, 924, 946.
ancient assize of, 946.
recovery for special d. from, 946.
measure of d. for, 947.
for temporary, 947.
avoidable consequences of, 947.
d. for removable, 948.
expenses of abating, 948.
consequential d. for, 948.
annoyance and inconvenience, 948.
loss of custom or profits, 948.
unwholesome and offensive results, 948.
compensation for loss of rent by, 948.
liability after parting with title, 949.
right of recovery of purchaser, 949.
abatement of, 1151.
private, 1166d.
compensation for, 1149 n., 1165a.
d. imported without proof in some cases of, 1310a.
NULLA BONA, measure of d. for false return of, 557.
NUMBER of tracks, on railroad, increasing, 1109 n.
NURSE, value of services found by jury, 171a, n.
gratuitous services of, 67.
NURSERY, value of land for, 252 n.
NURSING, expense of, recoverable, 226/.
gratuitous, 67, 226/, n., 483.
does not reduce d., 860.
in action for personal injury, 483.
of wife by husband, recovery for, 486o.
of animal, d. for expenses of, 769.
of child by parent, recovery for, 486c.
OATH, business, value of, 189 n.
OATS, negligence of agent m selling, 823.
OBJECTION, judicial, to English rule, 1105.
OBLIGATION, form of, 675a.
penal, 675a.
single, cannot be split by creditor, 836.
3290 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
OBSTRUCTION of access, 1095, H22.
light and air, 1092.
of air, 1121.
of ancient lights, 1096.
of "lill race, 214.
of highway, 35 n.
prospective d. for, 95.
by levee, to drainage, 1166i.
of light, 1121.
of navigable creek, whether cause of action, 35.
preventing navigation on river, 35 n.
of navigation, whether compensation recoverable for, where dam rests
on plaintiff's land, 1153.
of premises by separation of grades, compensation for, 1152a, n.
of private road, 1096.
of right of way, 93 n., 1117.
of stream by action of several, 36a, n.
of stream by railway, 1112.
of street, 1123.
of street by tracks, 95.
of thoroughfare, 35, 1105.
of trains, 1165.
of view, 1121, 1165.
of water, d. for, 941.
of way, 1116 n.
personal, 1094.
OCCUPANT of land, d. recoverable by, 70.
OCCUPATION of deceased, when extra-hazardous, may be shown in action for
death, 581.
of land with consent, 1151 n.
ODIUM SPOLIATORIS, 844.
OFFENCE, composition of, 36.
discontinuance of, mitigates exemplary d; 383.
OFFENSIVE results of nuisance, d. for, 948.
smells, limd.
OFFER of reparation does not reduce d., 53.
unless accepted, 55.
or unless it prevents loss, 56.
of settlement relieves from interest, 339.
to perform, as affecting d., 612a.
of marriage after breach of promise, whether mitigation of d., 6416.
to sell as evidence of value, 1299.
OFFICE, appeal from judgment of ouster from, 688o.
d. for exclusion from, 569, 688.
OFFICER, MILITARY, d. against, 5636.
OFFICER, PUBLIC, trespasser a6 initio by wrongful sale, 61.
nominal d. against, 103, 547, 550.
avoidable consequences in actions against, 214.
d. for false return by, 2266.
recovery of litigation expenses in action against, 233.
INDEX 3291
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means i»ote.]
OFFICER, TTIBLIC— Continued.
interest on money vrithheld by, 303.
in actions against, 316.
liberal d. against, 350.
liable in exemplary d. when, 350, 351, 365, 381, 383.
not without wrong motive, 363.
acting in good faith, not lia,ble to, 383a, 436,
conversion and return of liquor by, 494.
wrongfully attaching, liable for cost of repurchase of goods, 494c.
ministerial officers responsible for violations of duty, 543.
actual injury furnishes the general rule, 544,
general rule, 545.
burden of proof, 546.
nominal d., 547.
mitigation, 548.
failure to levy, 549.
failure to attach, 550.
failure to arrest, 551.
escape from arrest on execution, 552.
value of custody the rule in England, 553.
American rule, 554.
escape from arrest on mesne process, 554a.
insufficient bail or surety, 555.
failure to return, 556.
false return, 557.
miscellaneous breaches of duty, 558.
magistrate, 559.
clerk of court, 559a.
receiver, 5596.
county clerk, 560.
treasurer, 561.
town officers, 562.
collector of customs, 563.
notary, 563a.
other officers, 5636.
trespass by officer, 564.
wrongful attachment or levy of execution, 565.
recovery of the goods or their proceeds, 565a.
failiure to keep safely the property taken, 5656.
consequential d., 565o.
wrongful attachment of land or levy of execution, 565d.
suits between differeiit officers, 566.
receiptors, 567.
illegal sale on execution, 568.
exclusion from office,, 569, 688.
bond given by, 543,
when invested with discretion, 543 n.
action against, for escape, 544, 546, 552-554.
insolvency of debtor may be shown, 554.
whether action against, maintainable without loss, 547.
3292 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
OFFICER, FVBLIC— Continued.
mitigation of d. against, 548, 549, 554, 557.
recovery by, for services outside scope of office, 673e.
action on injunction bond given to, 685.
d. against, recoverable on bond, 692.
bond of, does not cover duties of different office, 692a.
salary of, applied on bond, 692/.'
special d. in actions against, 1271.
to surface water, 1165.
to trade, 1094.
OFFICIAL BOND, 692 et seq.
where statute not complied with, may be valid as common law bond, 692.
OFFSPRING, d. for loss of capacity to have, 41o, 485.
OHIO, constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
OIL, delay in delivery of, 152 n.
recovery of increased freight on, net profits, 169.
at certain price, 200.
d. for breach of contract to drill for, 614 n.
d. for failure to transmit telegram for purchase of, 888.
d. for removal from land, 935 n.
d. for breach of covenant by lessee to explore for and produce, 999fc.
OIL-BEARING LAND, taking of, 1166c.
breach of covenants in lease of, 999A;.
OIL LEASE, action against tenant under, 999ff.
OIL WELL, telegram for interest in, 169.
drilhng of, 200.
contract to bore, or pay money, 424.
d. for breach of contract to sink, 607.
breach of contract to drill, 618 n.
d. for failure to sink useless, 619.
taking, 1166c.
OKLAHOMA, law of, as to higher intermediate value, 517a.
eminent domain in, 1123.
OLD constitutions, d. under, 1113.
"ON OR ABOUT" a day, deUvery of chattels, 737.
"ONE-THIRD NEW FOR OLD," 709, 711, 715.
rule in admiralty, 591.
does not apply in case of collision, 592.
meaning of, in marine insurance, 709.
whether applied in estimating constructive total loss, 711.
limitation of recovery on marine policy by doctrine of, 715.
ONTARIO, distinction in allowance of d. in, 164a.
ONUS PROBANDI. See Bubdbn of PROor.
OPEN POLICY of marine insurance, 712.
OPENING of new road across right of way, 1167.
of streets, consequential d. due to, 1120. •
across railroad trackj 1121 n.
recovery of benefits for, 1128.
through undeveloped land, 1150.
OPERA-HOUSE, lessee of, 167, 185.
INDEX 3293
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note,]
OPERA TROUPE, d. for delay in transporting, 863.
OPERATION of gates, cost of, 1152a.
of power-house near property, 1121 n.
of railroad, injury fron^,.1109, 1113, 1165a.
in Utah, 1123.
in street, 1117.
dust from, 1120.
noise from, 1120, 1123.
smoke from, 1120, 1123.
vibration from, 1120, 1123.
d. by, 1121.
whether to be taken as benefit, 1131.
OPINION, 'of value of services, 664o.
of witnesses on value of property, 1171e.
of value, 1294.
of lands, 1295.
of leases, 1295.
of chattels, 1296.
as to quantum of d., 1293.
as to value, 1294.
OPIUM, failure of agent to buy, 826.
OPPORTUNITY, for makmg money, deprivation of, 179.
OPPRESSION, ground for exemplary d., 365.
contract broken through, 602.
effect of, on amount of recovery, 6066.
for setting aside contract, 606c.
OPPRESSIVE, Uquidated d. must not be, 407.
contract, 606c.
OPTION, abnegated, 281, 424a.
to pay in commodities, 281.
exercise of, in contract, 635.
ORCHARD, risk to, 1165.
ORDEAL, trial by, 14.
ORDER, of court of equity, does not bear interest, 334.
d. caused by restraining, 685.
of condemnation, improvements on land after, 1151.
time of, 1151.
ORDINANCE preventing repair of building burned, 723a.
for condemnation, 1151 n.
ORDINARY rules as to certainty of proof, 1087.
ORE, contract to furnish at agreed price, 1076, n.
d. for failure to accept,, 755.
d. for wrongfully mining, 935, 936.
d. for removal from land, 935.
d. against tenant in common for taking, 936.
OREGON, doctrine of exemplary d. in, 360.
recovery of higher intermediate value of goods sold, 745.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
ORGAN, breach of contract for exclusive territory for sale of, 633.
ORIGINAL entry unlawful, 1174.
3294 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ORNAMENTAL TREES, d. for destruction of, 933.
OTHER land, flooding of, 1110 n.
purposes, use of land taken for, 1116.
OUSTER, d. on appeal from judgment of, 688a.
trespass resulting in, is single, 924.
d. for, 944.
practical, of possession, 1116.
OUTPUT, d. to, 1116.
OUTRAGE, exemplary d. for, 364.
OVERDUE PAPER, interest on, 290, 301, 325.
rate of interest on, 325-329.
payable on demand, 330.
expressed intention governs rate of interest on, 330.
interest on, at higher rate than before maturity, 331.
OVERFLOW, d. from, 1164.
of land. See Flooding Land.
of part of land, 191.
of water on plaintiff's land, 86a.
of water on plaintiff's meadow, 866.
of water, increased liability to, 1164.
OVERFLOWED LAND, 184, 1116.
OVERHANGING ROOF, 11666.
OVERSEER, compensation of, by percentage on sales, 669.
payment of, by percentage of crop, 834(i.
OVERVALUATION, policy of marine insurance voidable because of fraudu-
lent, 713.
OWNER, return to the general, 55(i.
of chattels, out of possession, recovery by, 80.
compensation for value to, 1081.
compelled to build private road, 1109.
of property, redress of, for unauthorized d., 1110.
appropriation depriving of title, 1151 n.
value to, 1171e.
OWNER OF CHATTELS out of possession, d. recoverable by, 80.
OWNER, SPECIAL, limited compensation of, 68 el seq.
recovery by lessee for permanent injury, 69, 71.
of land, d. recoverable by, 69, 926.
of freehold, recovers whole d., 69.
d. recoverable by occupant of land, 70.
by reversioner, 69, 74.
by lessee for temporary injury, 71.
by lessee, how affected by covenant to repair, 71.
by life-tenant of land, 72.
by senior and junior mortgagees^ how apportioned, 73.
by mortgagee of land for impairment of security, 73.
for injury to reversion, 74.
d. recoverable by possessor of chattel, 76.
by possessor in replevin, 77.
by possessor against owner, 78.
INDEX 3295
(References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means notej
OWNER, SPECIAL— Continued.
by possessor against one from whom owner could not recover, 79.
by owner out of possession, 80.
by mortgagee of chattels, 81.
by mortgagor of chattels, 81.
by mortgagee against mortgagor, 82.
by mortgagor against mortgagee, 82.
by part owner of chattels, 83.
by a life-tenant, 83.
by a partner, 83.
on poUcy of insurance, 725.
OXEN, d. for breach of warranty of, 766.
PACKING, notice of intended use for, 166.
PAID-UP POLICY, breach of contract to issue or continue, 730.
PAIN, future, 86c.
recovery for, in action for personal injury, 481.
d. for, in action for physical injury, 484.
recovery by married woman for, 486.
of wife, compensation for, not recoverable by husband, 486a.
recovery by minor for, 4866.
no recovery for, in action for death, 573o.
recovery for, in case of injury to passenger, 860.
resulting from failure to deliver telegram, recovery for, 881&.
recovery for, by eviction from leased premises, 988o.
evidence of, 1307.
excessive d. for, 1353.
PAIN AND SUFFERING, no evidence of value of, l7lo.
PAIN, MENTAL. See Mental Suffering.
PAIN, PHYSICAL, compensation for, 41.
arbitrarily estimated by jury, 171.
compensation for, does not involve consideration of value, 242.
compensation for, in action for personal injury, 481.
future, 484.
recovery for, by married woman, 486.
by minor, 4866.
not compensated under statutes giving action for death, 573a.
d. for, against carriers of passengers, 860.
PAINT, d. for breach of contract to, 226ff.
PAINTINGS, value of, 251a, 822 n.
PAMPHLETS, value of illegal, 265.
PAPER, contract to furnish, 166.
PAPER, NEGOTIABLE. See Bill of Exchange; Note.
PAPER CURRENCY. See Payment, Medium of.
PAPER MONEY, adoption of, as legal tender, 269.
PARAMOUNT TITLE, expense of procuring, recoverable in action on real cove-
nant, 979.
partial eviction by, 999d.
PARDON, compensation for attorney employed to obtain, 834g.
3296 INDEX
tReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PARENT, recovery for loss of services of child, 48.
action for death of, 172a.
recovery by, for death of child, 575, 576.
for loss of advice of adult child, 576.
for death of adult child, 576.
recovery by child for death of, 577.
presumed to suffer loss, in action for death, 584.
d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death of, 8946.
PARIS GREEN, d. for breach of warranty of, 766.
PARK, value of land for, 253 n.
PARLOR CAR COMPANY, d. in action against, 873a.
PAROL AGREEMENT, recovery for work done under, 651.
for sale of land, recovery on, 651.
PAROL CONTRACT, interest upon breach of, 301.
concerning land, 651.
recovery for services rendered under, 651, 6736.
PAROL PROOF of consideration of deed, 964.
PART OWNER, recovery by, on replevin bond, 6916, n.
on policy of marine insurance, 712a.
on fire policy, 725.
PART PERFORMANCE, Uquidated d. how affected by, 415.
recovery of cost of, 615.
on acceptance of, 636.
PART NOT TAKEN, d. for, 1149.
compensation for inconvenient shape of, 1164.
PART TAKEN, d. for, 1149.
PARTL^L DELIVERY, acceptance of, whether a waiver of full delivery, 743.
breach of contract of sale after, 734, 743.
PARTIAL EVICTION from land, d. for, 975.
from leased premises, d. for, 988.
of tenant, excuses for payment of rent, 999c.
by paramount title, leads to apportionment of rent, 999(i.
PARTIAL FAILURE OF TITLE, d. for, on covenant against incumbrances,
976. *
PARTIAL LOSS by collision, d. for, 592.
recovery for, in admiralty, 592.
on open policy, 712.
on policy of marine insurance, 714.
on policy of insurance against fire, 720, 722.
recovery against carrier for, 851.
PARTIAL PAYMENT, interest after, 302a, 339a.
on note, 695a.
applicable on contract to pay rent, 9996.
PARTIALITY, verdict set aside for, 1326.
PARTICULAR AVERAGE, in marme poUcy, 716.
PARTICULAR DAMAGE, 35.
must exist in case of public nuisance to give private action, 35.
PARTICULAR INJURIES, exposure to, 1164.
PARTICULAR PORTION, value of, 11656.
PARTITION, covenant to make, 1019.
INDEX 3297
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PARTNER, d. recoverable by, 83.
injury to, where same act injures partnership property, 85c.
failure of, to advance capital, 179 n.
entitled to interest from co-partner when, 301, 304.
liability of, in exemplary d., 378.
no recovery for loss by dissolution of partnership on death of, 573.
bond of, to pay firm debts, 789.
PARTNERSHIP, agreement to form, 193.
wrongful dissolution of, 193.
d. for breach of contract of, 193, 194.
interest on capital of, not advanced, 301.
exemplary d. against, for act of co-partner, 378.
interest on money illegally used by, 310o.
liquidated d. for breach of contract for sale of interest in, 417.
d. for breach of contract to enter into, 607 n., 616.
recovery by, on replevin bond, 6916, n.
taking out policy on life of partner, 729.
contract to pay debts of, 789.
contract to save harmless, 789.
recovery of value of goods by, 4976.
recovery by, for injury to goods of, 4976.
recoupment against, 1041.
PARTNERSHIP ACCOUNT, interest on, 310a.
PARTS, availability of, for city lots, 11656.
PARTY, in action on injunction bond, 685.
testimony of, 1288.
PARTY WALL, entire d. for wrongful permanent use of, 924a.
PASS ON RAILROAD, value of, 250.
for life, 89 n.
PASSAGE, decision in Iowa for refusal of, 45a, n.
PASSAGE MONEY, recoverable on failure to transport a passenger, 862.
PASSENGER, form of action by, 150, 859. See Cakrieb of Passengers.
who is, 859.
time of receiving man as, 150.
recovery by, for personal injury, 860.
of nominal d., 101 n.
for fright and nervous shock, 761.
for wounded feelings, 45a.
for insulting language by conductor, 45a, n.
for humiliation caused by wrongful act of another, 47.
for refusal to receive, 101 n.
for failure to carry, 862.
avoidable consequences of, 212.
for delay in carrying, 212, 863.
loss of time by, 863.
avoidable consequences of, 226fc.
how far may engage special train, 226A;.
for failure to carry to destination, 864.
for carriage beyond station, 864o.,
nominal d., 98, 107a, n.
207
3298 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PASSENGER— ConMntied.
for wrongful expulsion of, 43j, 47, 150, 865.
verdict for, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
for failure to furnish agreed accommodations, 865a,
for carrying over wrong route, 221a. .
for putting off at wrong station, 226m.
reasonable attempt to avoid loss from, 219,
compensation to, for risk of injury, 866.
for injury by exposure, 143 n., 226^°.
for consequences of exposure, 867-871.
avoidable consequences in actions by, 872.
injury in attempt to escape, 226a.
refusal to pay additional fare on wrongful demand of carrier, 222.
exemplary d. for, 363, 365.
for wanton injury of, 366.
for ejection of, 372.
not entitled to exemplary d. where conductor acted in good faith, 383o.
recovery by, for loss of baggage, 873.
what is baggage, 873.
in parlor or sleeping car, 873a.
liability for loss of goods by, 873b.
d. for failure to transmit telegram announcing arrival of, 894.
excessive d. in actions by, 1342.
PASSION, ground for setting aside verdict for exemplary d., 388.
as affecting d. for defamation, 449.
verdict set aside for, 1326.
PASSING TRAINS, danger of fire from, 1100.
vibration caused by, 1098.
PAST DAMAGES, evidence of, 1109 n.
PAST TRESPASSES, in condemnation proceedings, 1150.
PASTURE, plaintiff's mare in, 148.
d. for furnishing inadequate, 608, 620 n.
d. for destruction of turf in, 937a.
PATENT, infringement of, 856, n.
nominal d. in actions upon, 102.
whether expenses of litigation compensated, 235.
interest for infringement of, 323.
liquidated d. for breach of term of license to use, 416.
d. for breach of contract to test, 607 n.
d. for breach of warranty of title in, 774.
PATENT SUITS, recovery of litigation expenses in, 235.
interest in, 323.
PATENTED article in plaintiff's territory, 1936.
PATENTS meaflure of d. in suits for infringements of, 1212-1246.
nature of patent rights, 1212.
a species of property, 1213.
protected both at law and in equity, 1214.
only actual d. recoverable, 1215.
license fees and royalties, 1216.
recovery of may transfer title, 1217.
INDEX 3299
[Beferences are to sections, d, means damage; n, means note.]
FAIENTS— Continued.
decree and satisfaction, 1218.
recovery of nominal d. does not transfer title, 1219.
license fee for right to use, 1220.
apportionment of license fees, 1221.
license fee a species of market price, 1222.
proof must connect license fee with patent, 1223.
license fee when different rights are involved, 1224.
in equity, 1225.
no license fee established, 1226.
d. must not be conjectural, 1227.
profits at law, 1228.
treble d., 1229.
in equity, 1230.
present rule in equity, 1231.
origin of rule, 1232.
plaintiff must separate profits, 1233.
nominal d., 1233.
entire profits not recoverable, 1234.
for designs, 1235.
criticism of rule, 1236.
entire profits sometimes recoverable, 1237.
method of estimating profits when recovery is not entire, 1238.
defendants' sales not usually criterion, 1239. *
such sales sometimes measure d., 1240.
profits in excess of d., 1241.
limits of account in equity, 1242.
burden of proof in equity, 1243.
interest on profits, 1244.
expenses, 1245.
counsel fees, 1246.
PATRONAGE, allowance for division of, 1150.
PAVE, d. for breach of contract to, 614 n.
PAVING, expense of, 1152o.
PAWNBROKER, recovery by, 76.
PAWNEE, recovery against, by owner, 80.
PAY, failure to. See Non-Payment.
PAYMENT in goods or cattle, 10, 10 n.
nominal d. after acceptance of, 98.
medium of, 266 et seq.
primitive substitutes for money, 266.
new standard of value, 268.
bank deposit, in what medium payable, 269.
Legal Tender Act, 269, 270, 274.
gold standard, 269.
double standard, 269.
new legal tender, 269.
contract payable in gold, 270.
form of judgment on, 271.
tort for loss of gold, 272.
3300 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PAYMENT— ConJimed.
contract payable in foreign currency, 273.
foreign contract, 274.
exchange, 275.
contract payable in mercantile securities, 276.
in Confederate money, 278.
in specific articles, 279.
in medium other than money, 279.
interest on, 303 n.
from demand for, 314.
after, 339.
after partial, 339a.
in advance, whether a penalty, 414.
whether measm'e of d. for failure to deliver goods is affected by, 507,
508, 514, 744.
fraud in securing, 439ff.
breach of contract for, 6226.
delayed by appeal, 688o.
partial, on note, 695o.
of negotiable paper, d. for failure to make, 707.
of debt, contract for, 789.
warranty of, 794.
what is sufficient, to give action to surety, 796.
by mortgage, 796, 800.
by note, 796, 797.
by bond, 796, 799.
by land or goods, 796, 800.
in case of sale of land, 1014.
in advance for land, 1014.
after suit, 1074.
whether recouped when not pleaded, 1074.
must be accepted in full, 796, 798.
PAYMENTS, application of, 6956.
PEACE OF MIND, d. for loss of, 47.
PEACH ORCHARD, cultivation of, 188.
PEANUTS, which might have been raiised on premises, 191.
PEAS, d. for delay in transportation of, 854.
PECULIAR mode of using land, 1171.
PECUNIARY, d. must be, 4.
PECUNIARY CONDITION of defendant, exemplary d. aggravated by, 385.
aggravation of compensatory d. by, 445, 475.
of plaintiff, d. for injury to wife or child not aggravated by, 486a,
486c.
PECUNIARY DAMAGE, interest ordinarily allowed in case of, 318.
PECUNIARY LOSS, interest in action for, 316.
recoverable in action for malicious prosecution, 459.
alone recoverable for death, 573.
for death, prospective, 574.
of next of kin, 579.
INDEX 3301
' [References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PECUNIARY REMUNERATION, 2.
PEDDLER, measure of d. for injury to, 180 n.
value of time of, 482a.
PEDIGREE of animal as evidence of value, 1296.
PENAL, use of term not conclusive, 406, 408.
PENAL BOND, nominal d. for, 106.
PENAL SUM collateral to object of contract whether liquidated d., 410.
PENALTY, delay would subject plaintiff to, 161.
interest on, 333. See Liquidated Damages.
interest at higher rate after maturity, whether, 331.
refusal of court to enforce, 390.
use of term not conclusive in stipulations for d., 406, 408.
intent of parties as to, 406.
presumed not to be liquidated d., 408.
alternative contracts where one alternative is, 424.
whole formerly recovered in debt on bond, 675o.
of bond, d. within,. 6756.
beyond, 393 n.
not recoverable in action on bond, 675c.
d. on bond must be less than, 675c.
actual loss only recoverable, 675d.
of bond, d. in excess of, 677.
on statutory bond, 680.
limit of recovery pn statutory bond, 680.
d. on injunction bond exceeding, 685.
recoverable on criminal bail bond, 686.
recovery limited to, on appeal bpnd, 688.
judgment on official bond limited to, 692.
imposed by statute on sheriff for misconduct in office, 692i.
limits recovery on bond of officer of corporation, 694.
PENNSYLVANIA, rule m, for allowance of interest, 320:
for interest on judgment, 334.
as to higher intermediate value, 514.
for d. on breach of covenant of warranty, 959.
rule of d. in, for failure to convey land, 1009.
defalcation act, 1031.
early rule on eminent domain in, 1120.
English rule on eminent domain in, 1120.
consequential d. in, 1108 n.
constitution of 1874, 1120.
consequential d. under new constitution, 1120.
appUcation of English rule on eminent domain in, criticised, 1122.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1142.
PENSION, no reduction of d. on account of, 67a.
PERCENTAGE, compensation by, 669.
d. for wrongful discharge of agent compensated by, 834d.
payment for services by, 834d.
PERCOLATING WATER, cutting off from spring, 1120 n.
on land, whether cause of action, 33.
3302 INDEX
[References are to sections, d, means damage; n. means note.]
PERFORM, recovery of expense of preparations to, 607.
d. how affected by readiness to, 612a.
PERFORMANCE, notice given after making of contract, as at time of, 159.
tlieatrical, profits of, 193,
in part, liquidated d. how affected by, 415.
postponement of, liquidated d, how affected by, 425.
tender of, as affecting d., 612o,
recovery of substituted, 618.
when useless to plaintiff, 619,
continuance of, after repudiation, 636c.
d. on prevention of, 636d,
recovery of contract price after, 655/,
acceptance of incomplete, 656,
substantial, 657,
recovery of value of, 657,
d. on waiver of, 636.
acceptance of partial, 636,
d. for delay in, by reason of injunction, 685d.
d. in suits to enforce specific, of contracts to convey land, 1021.
PERIL, of rescued property, as affecting amount of salvage, 599c.
PERISHABLE PROPERTY, sold pendiflg injunction, 685ft,
resale of, 755,
must be disposed of by carrier, 852.
PERMANENCE of injury, 1110.
PERMANENT, private structure not regarded as, 93,
change in plaintiff's land, 94.
incumbrance, d. for, 970.
physical injury, d. for, 86, 481, 484,
in action against carrier of passengers, 860.
trespass to lands, 924o.
nuisance, 947.
PERMANENT INJURY, recovery by minor for, 4866.
recovery for, by injury to passenger, 860.
to land, measure of d. for, 932,
PERMANENTLY FLOODING part of farm, 1178.
PERMISSIVE and compulsory powers, distinction between, 1089, 1111.
PERMISSIVE POWERS, recovery for d. under, 1089.
PERSON, d. to property and, 85c.
PERSONAL CONVENIENCE, infringement of, 1123,
PERSONAL ENJOYMENT, mfringement of, 1123.
PERSONAL EXPENSE, recoverable on mjunction bond, 685 n.
PERSONAL INCONVENIENCE, 1094, 1097,
PERSONAL INJURIES to plaintiff, 67a, 1090,
only one suit for, 84,
recovery of prospective d. for, 86c.
proof of prospective d. for, 172,
future effects of, 172a.
avoidable consequences of, 214o,
avoidance by surgical operation, 218.
reasonable steps only necessary to avoid loss, 219,
INDEX 3303
tReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PERSONAL INJURIES— Conimued.
suffered in attempt to avoid loss, 22&j.
in resisting expulsion from train, 865.
aggravation of, by conduct of injured party, 223.
interest not given in action for, 316.
exemplary d. for, 372. (
general rule of d., 481,
discretion of jury, 481.
compensation for loss of time from, 180, 482.
of business, 181, 482a.
recovery of medical expenses, 226/, 483.
expense of journey to secure special treatment, 483.
mental and physical suffering, 484.
impairment of physical capacity, deformity, 484, 485.
amount of loss by physical impairment, 485a.
recovery by married woman, 486.
husband's action for injury to wife, 486o.
recovery by minor, 4866.
parent's action for injury to child, 486c.
mitigation, 487.
provocation, 487a.
bad character of plaintiff, 488.
unchastity, 488 n.
criminal conviction, 489.
aggravation, 489a.
circumstances of the parties, 490.
avoidable consequences, 491.
d. for ultimate death, 570a.
recovery for, in admiralty, 599.
d. for, not recoverable on bond for arrest, 686o.
d. against carrier for, 860.
consequent on failure to deliver telegram, 8816.
compensation for, as aggravation of d. for trespass on land, 929.
special d. for, must be alleged, 1270.
verdict for, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
excessive d. for, 1346 et seq., 1363, 1364.
for permanent, 1363.
where permanence is doubtful, 1364.
inadequate d. for, 1371.
PERSONAL LOSS, 1097.
PERSONAL OBSTRUCTION, 1094.
PERSONAL PLEASURE, infringement of, 1123.
PERSONAL PROPERTY, trespass on, nominal d., 101 n.
d. to, 1123, 1169.
loss of use of, 195.
exemplary d. for detention of, 373a.
for injury to, 373a.
d. for taking or injuring, 432 et seq.
■d. for destruction or total loss, 432a.
yalue, how estimated, 433.
3304 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PERSONAL FROTERTY— Continued.
when and where estimated, 434.
injury to, less than destruction, 435.
loss of use of, 435a.
expense of maintenance of, 435o.
consequential d. to, 436.
expense of avoiding consequences of injury to, 437. ^
d. to, may exceed entire value, 438.
actions for recovery of, 526.
recovery for loss or depreciation of, on injunction bond, 685a.
injunction against taking possession of, 685i.
recovery for d. to, by replevin, 689a.
value of, when estimated on replevin bond, 690.
amount of recovery for loss of, on policy of insurance, 722.
recovery for carrying off in action for trespass to land, 929.
d. to, by eviction from leased premises, 988a.
cost of removal of, 1123.
special d. for injuries to, must be alleged, 1268.
evidence of value of, 1290.
verdict for injury to, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
PEST-HOUSE, location of, near farm, 1123.
d. on taking property for, 1156.
PETROLEUM, d. against telegraph company for loss of purchase of, 889.
d. on injunction bond for failure to secure, 685b.
PHILIPPINES, d. under code of, 28a, n.
PHOSPHATE ROCK, d. for removal from land, 935 n.
delay in delivery of, 153n.
no recovery for speculative value of, 685&.
PHOTOGRAPHIC NEGATIVES, value of, 250.
PHOTOGRAPHS, value of, 250.
PHYSICAL APPROPRIATION of property, 1115.
PHYSICAL DEFECT of parties, may be shown on breach of promise of mar-
riage, 6416.
PHYSICAL ENDOWMENT function and capacity, importance of, 170o.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, power of court to require, 1309.
PHYSICAL HARM, result of mental injury, 43;i.
PHYSICAL IMPACT, whether necessary for recovery, 436.
PHYSICAL INCONVENIENCE, d. for, 42.
PHYSICAL INJURIES, compensation for, 39, 41a, 1117 n.
permanent, 86c.
by maUcious prosecution, 457.
by false imprisonment, 462.
excessive d. for, 1346.
to property, 1121.
See Pehsonal Injuries.
PHYSICAL INTERFERENCE with properi;y, 1114.
destruction of beneficial use by, 1116.
PHYSICAL INVASION of real estate, 1116. •
PHYSICAL POWER, impairment of, 41a.
INDEX 3305
tReferenc«s are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PHYSICAL SUFFERLN'G. See Pain.
from wrongful imprisonment, compensation for, 457, 462.
PHYSICAL TRAINING, loss of, by death of parent, 577.
PHYSICIAN, non-arrival of, 47.
recovery for sense of shame by wrongful act of, 47.
services costing plaintiff nothing, 67.
message to, not delivered, 169.
called to case in Chicago, 170 n.
injury to, 180, 182.
paid by fees, 180.
measure of d. for injury to, 180 n.
how far necessary to employ skilful, 2216.
only reasonable care required in selecting, 2216.
disr^ard of advice, 221b.
interest on account of, 308a, n.
necessity of employing in cases of personal injury, 491.
agreement by, not to practice, 632.
d. for failmre to deliver telegram to, 8815.
obligation to call. iSee Medicaid Aid.
PIANO, d. for breach of warranty of, 770.
PICTURE, value of, 251.
libellous, value of, 265.
d. for breach of warranty of, 773.
PIER, d. for breach of contract to construct, 647c, n.
PILES, contract to drive, 608.
PIPE, d. for wrongful cutting, 941.
PIPE LINE, d. on bond to indemnif3- against construction of, 806.
right of way taken for, 1165.
support from coal strata for, 1166c.
d. by laying, 1166c.
nearness of, to imderlying coal, 1166c.
probable breaking of, 1166c.
PISTOL, whether baggage, 873 n.
PLACE of estimating value, 245-247.
where market value of goods is to be taken, 738.
where value of goods not delivered is to be taken, 738.
of estimating value of goods lost by carrier, 845.
PLACER MINING, land used for, 1171a.
PLAN, and model of a machine, 200.
access to road on, 1096.
of railroad company, 1149.
of construction, change in, 1152.
PLANS, contained in lost package, 152.
recovery of expense of, for breach of contract to convey, 6076.
for house, d. for loss of, 850.
change in building of, 1164.
PLANK ROAD, substitution of railroad for, 1109.
located on county road, is new burden, 1152a.
PLANK SIDEWALK, d. for removing, 944.
3306 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n, means note.]
PLANKING, expense of, 1152a.
of track, 1152a.
PLANNING improvement, negligence in, 1110 n.
PLANT, depreciation of, 1171d.
PLANTS, destraction of, 165.
PLASTERING, non-repair of, 209 n,
PLATES, value of stereotype, 250.
PLAY, d. for injunction against producing, 685e, n.
PLEA OF JUSTIFICATION as aggravation of d. for libel or slander, 447.
for false imprisonment, 466.
for breach of promise of marriage, 640a.
PLEA IN ABATEMENT, assessment of d. after, 1273.
PLEA TO THE DAMAGE, 1274.
PLEADING of special d. in action for death, 584a.
reform in, does not affect difference between tort and contract, 602.
allegation of seduction necessary in breach of promise of marriage. 639.
d. limited by amoimt claimed in, 854 n.
recoupment must be specially set up in, 1046.
whether payment may reduce recovery though not stated in pleadings,
1074.
averment of d., 1257.
d. beyond amount laid, 1258.
in replevin, 1258.
double d., 1258.
method of curing the error, 1259.
when averment not material, 1260.
averment of d. not otherwise material, 1260,
special d., 1261.
prospective d., 1262.
exemplary, double and treble d., 1263.
interest, 1264.
special d., actions for injury to real estate, 1265.
for breach of contract, 1266.
against carriers, 1267.
for injury to personal property, 1268.
for loss of business, 1269.
for personal injury, 1270.
extent of allegation required, 1270a.
for other torts, 1271.
answers, 1271a.
PLEASURE, infringement of personal, 1123,
PLEASURE BOAT, use of, 196.
PLEDGE, time of estimating value on wrongful sale of, 509.
of stock, measure of d. for wrongful sale of, 609, 511, 531.
by factor, d. for unauthorized, 821.
by agent, d. for, 821.
recoupment in action for conversion of, 1069,
PLEDGEE, recovery by, 76, 79, 497d.
for loss of use of property, 537.
for wrongful attachment, 565.
INDEX 3307
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n, means note.]
PLEDGEE— Contonued,
on replevin bond, 6916.
of bill or note, recovery by, 703,
against owner, 78.
by owner against, 80.
recoupment in action by, 1069.
reduction of d. against, for conversion, 1069.
PLEDGED PAPER, compensation for, 703.
PLEDGOR, recovery by, 80, 497c,
PLUMBING, failure to repair, 155.
POLE of carriage, d. for breach of warranty of, 765.
POLES, nearness of, to residence, 1149 n.
POLICE, recovery on bond of chief of, 692a.
POLICE POWER, no recovery for changes in railroad required under, 1152a.
POLICY OF INSURANCE. See Insurance.
value of, 259, 730.
accident, 731.
assessment, 732.
mutual, 730.
open, 712.
valued, 711, 713.
benefit of, 170a,
interest on, 301,
interest on unvalued, 312.
interest for failure to adjust loss on, 314a.
time from which interest runs on, 302.
agreement to assign or keep yaUd, 623.
to issue paid-up, 730.
d. for loss of, 727.
breach of contract to take, 623.
breach of contract to procure, 623.
breach of contract to keep alive, 623.
d. for breach of contract to issue, 727.
money received on policy of, 692y.
clause in, modifying rule of indemnity, 716,
refusal to issue or continue, 720.
effect of several on one building, 720, 722o.
neghgence of agent in procuring, 816.
loss of, by neghgence of agent, 817.
d. for faUiu:e of agent to cancel, 818o.
d. for loss of, by delay in delivery of money, 856a,
failure to cancel, by delay in transmitting telegram, 881.
POLLUTION, of stream, 35 n.
peyeral persons causing, 36a, n,
expense of saving injuries after, 226(2.
POND, d. for filUng, 92, 941.
taking waters of great, 1119.
POOL, d. on breach of contract to enter, 200.
of stagnant water, 1165.
POOR DEBTOR'S BOND, 686.
3308 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
POPULATION, establishment of new centre of, is general benefit, 1129.
PORK, d. for breach of warranty of, 764, 771.
PORTAGE railway, land taken for, 1171e.
PORTO RICO, d. under code of, 28a, n.
PORTRAIT, value of, 251a.
libellous, value of, 265.
POSITION of parties, d. for libel or slander aggravated by, 445.
value of particular, 11656.
POSSESSION, delay in delivering, 167.
of premises, 185.
necessary to maintain action of trespass q. c. /., 931.
d. for breach of covenant to give, 984a et seq.
of leased premises, d. for refusal to give, 984.
consequential d., 984.
loss of profits, 984.
d. for refusal to give, 987.
d. for breach of covenant by lessee to give up, 99^'.
practical ouster of, 1116.
taking, without assessment of d., 1151 n.
entry under conveyance from mortgagor in, 1175.
POSSESSOR, recovery of nominal d. by, 70.
POSSESSOR OF CHATTELS, d. recoverable by, 76.
in replevin, 77.
recovery against owner by, 78.
recovery by owner, 79.
POSSESSOR OF LAND, recovery by, 926.
without title, cannot recover m emment domain proceedings, 1154a.
POSSESSORY ACTION, replevin is, 691a.
POSSIBILITY of reverter has no ascertainable value, 1155.
of future change, allowance for, 1165.
of procuring other land, 1172.
POSTAL CARD, failure to furnish, 45.
POSTAL CLERK, d. for injury to, 860.
POSTER, d. for breach of contract to print, 618 n.
POSTMASTER, d. in action against, 5636.
POSTPONEMENT of performance, liquidated d. prevented by, 425
of deUvery of goods sold, d. how affected by, 737.
POSTS, expenses of, 1152a.
POTATOES, d. for sale of decayed, 2126.
amount of loss on, 170a, n.
POTENTIAL VALUE included m actual, 1085.
POUND STERLING, exchange for, 275.
value of, in this country, 275.
POVERTY of defendant, proof of, to affect exemplary d., 385.
cannot be shown in action for breach of promise of msirriage,
638.
affecting d. for defamation, 445.
cannot be shown to mitigate d. for defamation, 448.
of plaintiff, irrelevant in action for personal injury, 486c.
does not affect compensatory d., 490.
INDEX 3309
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
POVERTY— ConMnued.
no aggravation of d. for personal injury by, 490, 490 n.
in actions for death, 574a, 580.
' in actions for breach of promise of marriage, 639o.
of family shown in action for death, 580.
POWER, supply of inadequate, 2126.
breach of contract to furnish, 608.
d. for breach of contract to supply, for building, 646.
d. for breach of warranty on sale of, 762.
d. for illegal cutting off, by landlord, 9906.
d. for breach of covenant by landlord to furnish, 995.
d. for deficiency of, in contract to convey land for saw mill, 1016.
of the public over private property, 1107.
to grant license, 1080.
physical d. for impairment of, 485a.
motive, 1165e.
of earning money, 1171d.
POWER HOUSE, building of, near property, 1121 n.
operation of, near property, 1121 n.
value of property for, 11716.
POWERS, permissive, recovery for d. under, 1089.
act outside charter, 1110.
compulsory and permissive, distinction between, 1111.
PRACTICAL JOKE, causing nervous shock, 43^.
hurt feelings, natural consequence of, 43^.
PRACTICE, agreement by physician not to, 632.
PRACTICE OF COURT, 1272 et seq.
d. upon demurrer overruled, .1272-.
upon demurrer to evidence, 1272.
upon plea in abatement, 1273.
upon plea to the d., 1274.
upon default, 1275.
entire or several d., joinder of good and bad counts, 1276.
judgment when arrested, 1277.
count bad in part, 1278.
joint torts, 1279.
several torts by different defendants in the same suit, 1280. '
award of arbitrators, 1281.
costs, 1282.
obsolete judgment of "damage clear," 1283.
form of verdict, 1284.
d. as affecting jurisdiction, 1285.
right to begin, 1286.
d. on appeal, 1286a.
d. on dissolution of injunction, 12866.
as to setting aside verdict, 1329.
PRAIRIE, d. for setting fire to, 214.
value of use of, 908.
PRECAUTIONS, to be taken to avoid consequences of injury, 21'4a.
3310 INDEX
[Heferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PREEMPTION law, tenant of land under, may recover compensation in eminent
domain, 1154a.
PRE-EXISTING DISEASE, compensation for aggravation of, 1216.
PREFERENCE in administration of fund in court, what law regulates, 1383.
PREGNANCY, recovery for, by woman seduced, 477,
PREJUDICE, ground for setting aside verdict for exemplary d., 388.
verdict set aside for, 1326.
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION, action on bond for, 685.
PREMATURE SALE by agent, d. for, 821.
PREMISES, notice of special use for, 167.
business, eviction from, 182 n.
loss of use of, 189.
recovery for loss of use of, on injunction bond, 685e.
d. for illegal entry by landlord upon, 9906t
custom appertaining to, 1105.
rendered unhealthy, 1165.
trade appertaining to, 1105.
PREMIUM NOTE, recovery on, 703.
d. for consequences caused by, 867, 870.
PREMIUM OF INSURANCE, to be added to value of cargo, 712.
PREPARATION to use land, expense of, not recoverable on failure to give notice^
1022.
to perform, recovery of expense of, 607.
PRESUMPTION, in action for death, 584a.
against wrong doer in action for breach of the contract, 610.
PRESUMPTION OF VALUE, against defendant, 1300.
plaintiff, 1300.
PBETIUM AFFECTIONIS, 251a.
PREVENTING loss, duty of party as to. See Avoidable Consequences.
enlargement of brick-yard, 1165&.
flow of surface water, 1166(2.
PREVENTIVE reUef, 2.
PREVIOUS ENTRY, value as affected by, 1174.
PRICE, to be later agreed upon, 1075.
no notice of, but of sub-contract, 163.
market, 198.
of goods to be fixed, by appraisers, 734.
obtained at resale fixes measure of d., 755.
whether d. for breach of warranty of chattel measured by, 750, 761, 762.
received on resale as evidence of value, 762.
received at auction, as evidence of value, 762.
as evidence of value, 762, 777.
d. for sale below authorized, 822.
sale by agent at greater than fixed, 824.
payment by agent of excessive, 827.
of message, when recoverable, 893.
recovery for error of telegram transmitting, 885.
paid by plaintiff, recovery of mesne profits not affected by, 908.
whether recoverable on refusal to accept deed of land, 1024.
of goods, recoupment in action for, 1036, 1038-1040, 1047, 1059 el seq.
INDEX 3311
[References are to sections, d, means damage; n. means note.]
PRICE— Cmtinued.
of land, recoupment in action for, 1040, 1052.
of goods sold, recoupment in action for, 1060.
paid for land, evidence of, 1149 n.
market, increase in, 1162.
PRICE-LISTS as evidence of value, 1299.
PRIDE, compensation for woxmded, 47.
recovery for injury to, 50.
d. for injury to, by alienation of affection, 480a.
on breach of promise of marriage, 637, 638.
in action for injury to passenger, 861.
PRINCIPAL, recovery by, of expenses of suit to which agent has subjected him,
240.
liability of, for ratified act, 651.
counsel fees, 834.
must reimburse agent for expenditures and liability, 834.
indemnity for loss or expense, 834.
must make compensation to agent for sei?viceSj 834a.
liability of, to agent, 809 et seq. See Agent.
interest not recoverable after pajTnent of, 339.
PRINCIPAL AND SURETY, d. between, 784 et seq.
contract to indemnify, 784-787, 791-794.
to pay debt, 786,, 788, 789.
to save from liability, 788, 795.
to save harmless, 791-793.
measure of d. between, 788.
how far indebtedness a d., 790.
actual loss recoverable, 794.
what is payment, 796.
payment by note, 796, 797.
payment by bond, 796, 799.
in land or goods, 796, 800.
by mortgage, 796, 800.
to constitute pasTnent note must be accepted as such, 796, 798.
French law as to, 797 n.
civil law as to, 797 n.
cmly actual loss recoverable, 801.
reduction of d., 801.
effect of a judgment, 802.
liability for costs and expenses, 803.
where suit was unnecessary, 804.
necessity of notice of suit, 805.
under French law, 805.
consequential d. to surety, 806.
co-sureties, 807.
costs between co-sureties, 808.
PRINCIPAL SUIT, no recovery on attachment bond, for defending, 682o.
PRINT, d. for breach of contract to, 614 n.
PRIOR assessment, d. not foreseen at time of, 1082.
injury, recovery for aggravation of, 121b.
3312 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PRIOR— Cora^mued.
litigation, expense of, recoverable only when necessary, 236.
See Expense op Litiqation, 236.
PRIORITY of process, suit to test, 566.
PRISON-BOUNDS BOND, 686.
PRIVACY, excessive d. for invasion of, 1343.
interference with, 1165.
of lands, interference with, 1096.
loss of, 1101.
recovery for invasion of, 929.
PRIVATE and public injury, distinction between, 1123.
easement, acquisition of, 11495.
letters, nominal d., 107a, n.
nuisance, 1166d.
property, appropriation of, for public use, 1077, 1107.
property, power of the public over, 1107.
right of ferriage, 1171a.
road, proximity of railway crossing to, 1078.
obstruction of, 1096.
owner compelled to build, 1109.
enhancement of value by, 1178.
compensation for, 1178.
value of property enhanced by, 1179.
laying out, as pubUc way, 1178.
PRIVILEGE, imperfect, as affecting d. for defamation, 4486.
PRIZE, loss of opportunity to compete for, 200.
had been offered, 200.
PRIZE MONEY, salvage is not, 599c.
PRO RATA recovery upon rescission of contract, 655c.
PRO RATA INTINERIS, amount of compensation, 841.
PROBABILITY of loss, 172.
PROBABLE frightening of horses, 1165.
breaking of pipe line, 1166c.
profits, proof of, 1169.
PROBATE PROCEEDINGS, no recovery of expense of, 2416.
order for pa5Tnent of money in, bears interest, 334.
PROCEDURE, the conflict of laws as to, 1383.
PROCEEDING, mterest impending, 1179o.
PROCEEDINGS, condemnation, proof in, 1163.
building of road without, 1165c.
costs and expenses for defending against. 1166a.
PROCESS, interest interrupted by legal, 341.
exemplary d. for abuse of, 365.
abuse of, 564.
PROCURING other land, possibiUty of, 1172.
PRODUCT, expected, value of, 1716.
value lessened, not value of material, 199.
PRODUCTION, cost of, does not measure value, 495.
PROFANE LANGUAGE, evidence that deceased did not use, not admitted in
action for death, 580a.
INDEX 3313
[Referebces are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PROFANITY, may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 641.
PROFESSION, Uquidated d. in agreement not to carry on, 418.
evidence of, as bearing on value of tilne, 482.
agreement not to practice, 632.
PROFESSIONAL EARNINGS, 180.
PROFESSIONAL INCOME, loss of, 181.
PROFESSIONAL MAN, measure of d. for injury to, 180 n.
no way of fixing a general scale, 180.
PROFITS, 173 el seq. See Certainty op Proof.
I. — Generai. PrinciplIis
what are, 173, 613.
often loosely used in sense of gain prevented, 172a, 173.
when recoverable, 174, 176.
must be proved, 174.
allowance of, how regulated, 174.
early cases as to, 175.
recoverable if proximate, natural and certain, 176.
rule governing recovery of, 177.
cannot be recovered upon entire destruction of property, 178.
which might be reasonably anticipated) 180.
made but for presence of rivals, 183.
fair rental value recovered, as mesne, 186. S6e Mesne Profits.
not anticipated rents but rental value constitutes, 186.
specific, 189.
estimation of expected, 191.
included in market value, 198.
in actual value, 1247.
as measuring value of business, 254.
compensation by share of, 670.
subject of marine insurance, 709.
constructive total loss of, 711.
loss of, 146, 164, 1169.
evidence of, 1169.
proof of, probable, 1169.
certain and uncertain, 1087.
must be reasonably certain, 167.
no recovery for loss of uncertain, 889.
speculative, cannot be recovered on breach of covenant to renew
lease, 996.
expected from use of money too speculative for recovery, 685ft.
II. — From What Derived
from use of money, 1716, 179.
of money, equivalent to interest, 179.
of business, 181, 193.
of established business, 182.
of business of uncertain nature, 182o.
of unlawful business, 182fr.
of new business, 183.
vendor's business, 1936.
of deceased not considered in d. for death, 574.
208
3314 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PROFITS— Coreiireited.
breach of contract to share, 625.
on exclusive territory, 633.
lost by defect in machinery, 646.
recovery of, on injunction bond, 685e.
loss of, by nuisance, 948.
of a contract, 192, 613.
for a share in the profits of a business, 193.
agency commission contracts, 193a.
in restraint of trade or competition, 1936.
of a partnership agreement, 193.
probable, of whaling voyage not recoverable, 193.
of an undertaking collateral to contract in suit, 194.
how far affected by possibility of other employment, 608.
what are, 609.
recovery of, 613.
partly performed, 616.
how affected by fluctuations in market, 636c.
measure of, when cost of performance fluctuates during period of
contract, 636j, 636fc. *
from use of land, 171&, 188.
recovery of, on injunction bond, 685a.
injunction against taking, 6856.
doweress whether entitled to, 921.
d. for failure of title to, 975.
to be set up against interest, 981.
occupied, whether recoverable on title bond, 1054.
of resale, 162, 197, 739, 843.
how far enters into value, 248.
from the use of machinery, 190. .
of a vessel,^ 196.
expected from a sale of goods, 197.
included in the market price, 198.
on expected sale by agent, 633.
of manufacture of raw material, 199, 766.
from competition or speculation, 200.
by manufacturing logs, 164.
on voyage broken up, 175.
by rental of building, 183.
by working a mine, 184.
by selling coal, 184.
by selling clay, 18 .
by sawing logs, 186.
of business premises, 189.
of sinking wells, 192.
of partnership, 193.
of theatrical performance, 193.
of the use of personal property, 195.
from expected use of new building, too uncertain for recovery, 645.
expected from goods bought, 742a.
INDEX 3S15
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
FROFITS— Continued.
on purchase not made by agent, 825, 826.
expected from leased premises, 984.
III. — Loss Caused by What Injury
by carrier's neglect to deliver shaft oif engine, 144.
on stopping mill, by reason of steam-engine not being furnished, 165.
by raw material not being delivered, 166.
by personal injury, 180-182.
by loss through injury to capacity for labor, 180.
probable future increase of capacity, 180a.
by obstructing the use of land, 184.
by failure to give possession of real estate, 185.
by failure to put a structure on land, 186.
by loss of use of a road or bridge, 187.
by wrongful eviction, 188.
by loss of use of business premises, 189.
by injury to machinery, 190.
by injury to crop, 191.
by not delivering machine, 190.
by breach of warranty of seed, 191.
by wrongful discharge of agent, 193a.
by loss of use of personal property, 195.
by loss of use of a vessel, 196.
by breach of warranty of raw material, 199, 766.
by delay in constructing railroad crossing, 688a.
by failure to deliver goods sold, 742a.
by neglect of agent to buy, 825, 826.
by failure to transport goods, 843.
by failure to furnish cars for transportation of coal, 843a.
through delay in delivery, 854, 856.
by delay in transportation of goods, 856.
by delay in unlading a vessel, 857.
by default of passenger carrier, 864.
by failure to transmit telegram, 882.
by default of telegraph company, 882, 888, 889.
through trespass on lands, 927.
through nuisance, 948.
by failure to deliver possession under lease, 987, 1022.
through neglect to repair, 992.
by infringement of patent, 1228, 1230.
by violation of copyright, 12466.
by violation of trade mark, 1246c.
IV. — In What Actions Recovekable
in case of wrongful attachment, 175.
in case of capture, 175.
of colUsion, 175.
in case of telegraph, 200, 882, 888, 889.
in action for maUcious prosecution, 459.
in admiralty, 593, 594;
on attachment bond, 682.
3316 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PROFITS— Core(mM6(f.
on accident policy, 731.
in condemnation proceedings, 1169.
in elevated railway cases, 1206.
in patent suits. See Patents.
when allowed in equity, 1230^.
apportionment of, 1232.
plaintiff must sepai'ate, 1233.
cannot recovet entire, 1234.
sometimes recovered entire, 1237.
method of estimating, 1238-1240.
in excess of d., 1241.
interest on, 1244.
PROJECTING bay windows, 11666.
eaves, 11666.
spouts, 11666.
steps, 11666.
PROJECTIONS in streets, 11666.
PROMISE, by which deceased assisted plaintiff, in action for death, 581.
PROMISE OF MARRIAGE, 47. See Breach of Promise or Marriage.
PROMISSORY NOTE, interest on, 287. See Note.
PROMOTION, future probabiUty of, 172.
hope of, is too speculative for consideration, 180o.
deceased person's chance of, shown in action for death, 5S0a.
conjectural, not considered in determining value of time, 860.
loss of chance of, 860.
PROMPTNESS, notice of special need for, 169a.
PROOF, best, possible must be given, 171.
of possibility of replacement, 228i.
of loss in policy of insurance, 722.
of consideration, in action for breach of warranty, 964.
certainty of, ordinary rules as to, 1087.
in condemnation proceedings, 1163.
of probable profits, 1169.
of market value, 1171e. i
mode of, 1287.
burden of. See Burden of Proof.
PROPERTY.
I. — In General
d. a species of, 529.
compensation for injury to, 39.
how measured, 40.
mental suffering caused by injiuy to, 44a.
tortious injury to, 44a.
bringing of converted, into court, 54.
returned to owner, 55.
recovery of, 58.
application of, to benefit of injured party, 59.
and person, d. to, by the same act, 85c.
INDEX 3317
[References are to secfcions, d. means damage; n. means note.)
PROPERTY— Conimued.
invasion of, causing small d., 103.
act causing injury to, 151.
compensation for deprivation of, 173.
breach of contract to supply, 2126.
left on hand, duty to use, 213.
injured, salvage of fragments of, 818.
expense of following and recovering, 226c,
injury to, in attempt to avoid loss, 226j.
interest on value of, 317.
diminution in value of, 316.
contract valuation of, whether enforced, 417.
salvage for saving, 599c.
d. for breach of contract to deliver, 617, 618.
breach of contract for exchange of, 621.
depreciation in value of, recoverable on attachment bond, 682.
recovery for loss of, on account of injunction, 685e.
recovery for loss of, by appeal, 6S8o.
sale of, suspended, by appeal, 688a. ■
destruction of, may be shown on detinue bond, 691c.
d. for loss of, by guardian, 6926.
injury to, by failure to deliver goods, 742.
recoupment for destruction of, in axstjon to recover wages, 1065.
patents a species of, 1213.
recovery for injury to, under Civil Damage Act, 1250.
sales as evidence of, 1298.
excessive d. for injury to, 1334.
value of. iSee Value.
II. — Taking of, by Eminent Domain
legal signification of, 1117, 1121, 1123, 1131.
"damaged" or "injured," 1118.
appropriation of, vmder English statutes, 1076-1105.
taking of, 1106, 1114.
compensation for taking, 1106.
for damaging or injuring, 1106.
right of, 1107.
power of the public over private, 1107.
taking of private, 1107.
kinds of, which may be taken, 1107.
change of use of, after taking, 1-109.
granting of, for pubUc use by deed, 1109.
unauthorized d. to, 1110.
physical interference with, 1114.
interference with beneficial use of, 1114.
physical appropriation of, 115.
injuries to adjacent, 1115.
imposition of servitudes on, 1116.
injury to support of, 1116.
throwing ashes on, 1116.
throwing cinders on, 1116.
33lS INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.] ,
PROPERTY— Conimued.
throwing soot on, 1116.
throwing surface water on, 1117 n.
injury to physical, 1121.
deprivation of enjoyment of, 1121.
deprivation of use of, 1121.
operation of power-house near, 1121 n.
taking of, under Illinois constitution of 1870, 1121.
d. to personal, 1123, 1169.
cost of removing personal, 1123, 1169.
not taken, rights pertaining to, 1149a.
damage to, under Virginia constitution, 1123.
maintenance of two uses of, 1152a.
inconvenience from division of, 1163.
division of, 1164, 1165.
appearance of as left, 11655.
condition of, as left, 11656.
near railroad, 1166.
held by water company acquisition of, IVIld.
net yield of, held by city, 1179.
value of, by what affected, 1151.
selling value of, 1164.
value of, for power house, 1171&.
used as summer residence, 1171c.
special value to owner, 1171e.
value of, as "reservoir site," 1171e.
opinion of witnesses on value of, 1171e.
PROPOSED improvement, 1162.
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS, 1149o.
PROSECUTION, Uability to, whether a bar to exemplary d., 386.
PROSPECTIVE DAMAGES. See Certainty of Proof.
I. — In Genebal
for prospective loss, 86, 1149, 1170.
accruing between time of action brought and trial, 86a.
for torts, 866, 924.
for personal injury, 86c.
for breach of contract, 87.
renewed injury requires a new action, 88.
continuing or successive breaches of contract, 89.
recoverable for act destroying a contract, 90.
continuing tort, 91.
by trespass on plaintiff's land, 92.
by unauthorized private structure or use of land, 93.
by causing land to fall, 93a.
for tort causing permanent injury, 94.
for injury caused by lawful permanent structure or use of land, 95.
for loss of service, 86, 91.
for obstructing light, 93.
for flooding lands, 93.
for diverting or obstructing stream, 93.
INDEX 3319
" [References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PROSPECTIVE BAUAGBS— Continued.
for obstructing highway, 95.
for negligence in carrying out a public work, 95.
for erection of permanent structure, 95.
of railroad embankment, 95.
must be proved with reasonable certainty, 172.
when probable, 172.
for death, 574.
from user, 1102.
measure of, 1149a.
need not be averred, 1262.
II. — For Breach of Contract
under continuing agreements, 87.
of contract, 89, 90.
entire and divisible contracts, 636ff.
contract to repair, 90, 636A, 989.
to support, 90, 636i.
fluctuations in value during contract: Masterton v. The Mayor, 636j.
Goodrich v. Hubbard, 636fc.
probable future expense of performing, 636Z.
general conclusions, 636??!.
mutual covenants, 636re.
for breach of contract of service, 90, 666.
PROSPECTIVE HIGHER RENTAL, 1104.
PROSPECTIVE LOSS, 172.
PROTECTION, loss through deprivation of, when remote, 135.
against freshets, removal of, 1117.
PROTEST, interest on money paid under, 303.
of bill of exchange, d. for, 700, 701.
recovery of costs of, 701.
on foreign bill, 700.
d. for negligence in making, 819.
conflict of laws as to, 1375.
PROTHONOTARY, d. m action against, 569a.
PROVISIONS of older constitutions on eminent domain (in U. S.), 1106.
of city charters, 1112a.
PROVOCATION, mitigation of exemplary d. by, 384.
of d. for libel or slander by, 449.
as affecting d. for defamation, 449.
for false imprisonment, 466.
must be recent, 487a.
of d. for personal injury by, 487a.
does not mitigate compensatory d. for assault and battery, 487, 488.
PROXIES, wrongfully used in election, 170.
PROXIMATE and natural consequences for cause of action, 142.
PROXIMATE CAUSE of loss in marine insurance, 718.
in action against agent, 816.
of injury by fire, 816.
whether fault of telegraph company is, 897.
PROXIMATE CONSEQUENCES of delay in delivery of goods, 856.
3320 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PROXIMATE DAMAGES, 110 et seg., 1119.
not all results of a wrongful act are compensated, 110
direct and indirect results of a wrong. 111.
fundamental distinctions, Ilia.
and remote cause, 1116.
tests proposed for the determination of proximate cause, 111c.
time and distance, 111(2.
probability and rarity; possibility and impossibility, llle.
causal sequence. 111/.
causa sine gud non. The "but for which" rule, 112.
remote consequences not compensated, 113.
consequences of an act complex in nature, 114.
Scott V. Shepherd, 115.
what consequences are remote, 115a.
question of remoteness a question of fact, 116.
instances of proximate and remote consequences, 117.
cause and condition, 118.
exposure to risk: negligence concurring with cause for which defendant
is not responsible, 119.
cases against carriers. Comparative exposure to risk. Anticipation of
loss, 119a.
causes of divergence in the cases, 1196.
analogy in cases of deviation, 119c.
leading cases in Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania, 119d.
confusion of authorities, 119e.
lack of privity or duty as affecting cause of action, 120.
supervening from a collateral cause, 120a.
proximate and remote results of statutory injuries, 1206.
Louisiana law, 121.
consequences of intermeddling with property, 121a.
direct consequence always proximate, 1216.
classification of cases involving remoteness, 121c.
interposition of a natural force, 12\d.
loss by exposure to the weather, 122.
injury by supervening disease or accident, 123.
interposition of the act of an animal, 124.
infectious disease, 125.
defects in fences and gates. Straying cattle, 125a.
intervention of human agency, 126.
interposition of plaintiff, 126a.
d. resulting to feelings of the injured party, 1266.
loss through a forced sale of property, 126c.
interposition of act of a third person, 126d.
concurring neghgence of third person, 126e.
loss of credit, 127.
loss of business, 127a.
loss caused by a crowd attracted, 128.
loss of employment, 129.
loss of a dependent contract, 130.
judicial or other official action, 131.
INDEX 3321
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PROXIMATE DAMAGES— Conimwei.
deprivation of means to an end, 132.
deprivation of property, 133.
deprivation of business premises, 134.
deprivation of machinery, 134o.
deprivation of means of protection to person or property, X35.
detention of property, 136.
loss of service, 137.
against telegraph company, 896.
See Remote Damages; Consequential Damages.
PROXIMATENESS, as only test, 142.
PUBLIC, d. common to general, 34.
power over private property, 1107.
and private injury, distinction between, 1123.
PUBLIC DUTY, of carrier, suit based on, 840.
of telegraph company, 878.
PUBLIC HIGHWAY, repairs of, 1108 n.
PUBLIC-HOUSE, taking of, 1084, 1085, 1105.
access to, 1092.
diminution of custom, 1105.
stand for, 11716.
PUBLIC INJURY, and private, distinction between, 1123.
PUBLIC LANDS, recovery by one in possession of, 70.
PUBLIC LIABILITY, general rule of, 1108.
PUBLIC MONEYS, recovery on bond of receiver of, 692.
PUBLIC NUISANCE, no recovery for d. by, 946.
PUBLIC OFFICE, WTongful occupation of, 40.
PUBLIC POLICY, forbidding recovery for mental suffering, 43c.
how far limitation of liability to telegraph company allowed by, 876.
PUBLIC ROAD, railway across, 1090.
access to, 1095.
PUBLIC SCHOOL, exclusion from, 40,
PUBLIC SCHOOLHOUSE, erection of, 1177.
PUBLIC SERVICE corporations, actions against, 458.
rule in tort for failure to supply protection, 143.
PUBLIC STREET, closing of, 1123.
PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES, access to, 1093.
PUBLIC USE, granting of property for, by deed, 1109.
appropriation of private property, for, 1077.
interfere with, 11666.
PUBLIC WAY, laying out private way as, 1178
PUBLIC WORK, construction of, 94.
neghgently done, 95.
statutes authorizing, 1077.
PUBLICATION, containing two libelous statements, 856.
PULMONARY DISEASE, may be shown in action for death, 581.
PUMP, d. for breach of wrarranty of, 764.
PUNISHMENT, exemplary d. given as, 360.
PUNITIVE DAMAGES. See Exemplary Damages.
PUNITORY DAMAGES. See Exemplary Damages.
3322 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
PURCHASE of stock, d. for breach of contract for, 627a.
bond for, 679a.
d. against agent for, 825-827.
d. for neglect to, 825.
of wrong goods, d. for, 826.
at excessive price, d. for, 827.
negligence of attorney to complete, 831.
loss of, by failure to transmit telegram, 882.
for error in transmitting terms of, 886.
PURCHASE MONEY, interest upon, 301b.
when measure of d. for breach of covenant of warranty, 957, 961.
of covenant of seizin, 966.
of contract for sale of land, 1001 et seq.
whether recoverable for failure to accept conveyance of land, 1023.
PURCHASE PRICE of land, recoverable in same jurisdictions, 1024.
PURCHASER of goods converted, d. recoverable from, 504.
d. against, for failure to receive goods, 750, 753.
of land, dower in improvements by, 922.
subsequent, action by, 1175.
PURPOSE, breach of warranty of fitness for, 766.
of buyer unknown to seller, 147.
use of land taken for other, 1116.
manufacturing impairing usefulness for, 11656.
taking of land for levee, 1166(2.
value for special, 11716.
actual value for residential, 1171c.
QUALIFICATION on doctrine of allowance of benefits, 1125.
of successor, acts of oflScer pending, 6926.
QUALITY, d. for deficiency m, 620.
of land, 1016.
of chattels, d. for breach of warranty of, 763.
of land conveyed, deficiency in, 1016.
QUANTITY, d. for deficiency in, 620.
of land, 1016, 1028.
interference with exaction of penalty, 675c.
measure of d. for breach of warranty of, 763.
of land conveyed, deficiency in, 1016.
QUANTUM of d., a question for jurj', 19.
proof of, 170a.
QUANTUM MERUIT, interest on, 295, 312, 314.
after abandonment of performance, 622.
action on, 649.
recovery on, 649.
measure of compensation on, 650.
for benefit accepted by defendant, 650.
on acceptance of money borrowed without authority, 650.
in case of contract void by statute of frauds, 651.
upon failure of consideration, 652.
for work done for defendant's benefit, 653.
INDEX 3323
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
QUANTUM MERUIT— Continued.
for extra work, 655.
upon stoppage of work by act of God or of the law, 655c.
where plaintiff has not completely performed, 659-662.
for services, 664, 665.
where contract price for services is uncertain, 670.
for services rendered on void contract, 6736, 673c.
attempt to set off, 1031 n.
QUANTUM VALEBAT, measure of d. on, 649 et seq. See Quantum Meruit.
QUARE IMPEDIT, writ of, 900.
never existed in America, 899.
QUARRY, value of land for, 252 n.
agreement to, 612 n.
opening, is special benefit, 1130.
land appropriated, 1166c.
QUARRY RAILROAD, building of, in street, 1123 n.
QUEBEC, doctrine of exemplary d. in, 359.
rule in, for d. on breach of warranty, 962.
QUESTION of due care, 1110.
QUIET ENJOYMENT, d. for breach of covenent of, 985 et seq. See Warbantt
OF Land.
covenant of, when broken, 961 n.
in lease, 985-987.
recoupment for breach of covenant of, in lease, 1057.
QVI FACIT PER ALIUM FACIT PER SE, 810.
QUI TAM ACTIONS, interest in, 333.
QUO WARRANTO, appeal from judgment in, 688a.
QUOTATIONS, market, as evidence of value, 1299.
RACE, prevented from entering horse in, 200.
loss of opportunity to compete in, 200.
RACE HORSE, value of, 246.
d. for replevin for, 540.
contract to train and ride, 670.
recoupment in action for price of, 1039.
RAGS, d. for breach of warranty of, 766.
RAILROAD. See Cabbier op Passengers.
I. — At Common Law
whether injury through operation of, is cause of action, 33.
one action against, for killing animals, 856.
construction of, and great public works, 94.
embankment, d. for culvert through, 95.
failure to complete in time, 187.
d. on breach of contract to construct station, 194, 625, 630.
to construct road, 149, 607 «., 615 n., 6476.
to employ plaintiff to build, 607.
to build and operate, 620 n.
to extend road, 630.
d. for illegally laying out in highway, 217.
value of land for construction of, 252 n.
3324 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BMLROAD— Continued.
profits of contract to construct, 614 n.
d. for injunction against repairing, 685(2.
delay in securing crossing over, pending appeal, 688a.
d. for failure to deliver stock in, 736.
d. for inconvenieiice caused by building, along street, 948.
depreciation caused by, recoverable on covenant against incumbrances,
970.
covenant by, to keep streets in repair, 999A.
II. — Under Statutes of Eminent Domain
across public road, 1090.
loss from user of, 1105.
granting location on street to, 1108 n.
consent to building of, 1109.
substitution of, for plank road, 1109.
elevation of roadbed, 1109 n.
increasing number of tracks on, 1109 n.
unusual noises on, 1110 n.
improper construction of, 1110 n.
obstruction of stream by, 1112.
lowering of street grade by, 1112 n.
statute on elevated, 1112a, n.
d. from operation of, 1113.
operation of, in street, 1117.
taking right of way for, 1114.
elevated, on abutting street, 1117.
on highway, 1120.
vibration from operation of, 1120, 1123.
smoke from operation of, 1120, 1123.
dust from operation of, 1120.
noise from operation of, 1120, 1123.
d. by construction of, 1117 n., 1121, 1123 n., 1165.
unsightliness of construction of, 1121.
construction of elevated, on street, 1121 n.
in street, 1123, 1149 n.
d. by operation of, 1109, 1121, 1165a.
in Utah, 1123.
highway across, 1121 n., 1152o, 1165.
increase of value from, 1122.
steam, in street, 1123.
building of quarry in street, 1123 n.
d. by, to land not taken, 1123 n.
whether operation of, is to be taken as benefit, 1131.
d. for condemnation of land for, 1138, 11716.
for boat, 11716.
for portage, 1171e.
injury after completion of, 1151 n.
taking of land for, 1151 n.
d. in proceedings to condemn right of way across, 1152a.
INDEX 3325
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
UAILROAJ)— Continued.
in street, not new burden on abutter, who does not own fee of street,
11520.
new burden on highway where fee is in abutter, 1162a.
laid out through tract of land, does not destroy its entirety, 1154 n.
recovery against, for taldng by eminent domain, after previous unlawful
entry, 1159.
in neighborhood, 1162.
through farm lands, 1165a.
d. by elevated, 1165a.
inconvenience in crossing, 11656.
exposin-e to injiuy in crossing, 1165&.
noise made by elevated, 11656, n.
property near, 1166, 11716.
taking of right of way, 1166c.
liability of, to fence, 1167.
not obliged to construct farm crossings in Kansas, 1167.
near dwelling, 1168 n.
value for, 1171e.
special value of land for, 1171, 1171e.
grading for, 11716.
appropriation of, for highway purposes, 1173.
improvements placed on land by, 1175.
lands taken by, 1175.
RAILROAD COMPANY, plan of, 1149.
RAILROAD CROSSING, changing grade of, ll51 n.
proximity of, to private road, 1078.
RAILROAD EMBANKMENT, building, 1120, limd.
RAILROAD FRONTAGE, cutting off from, 11656.
RAILROAD LOCATION, taking, 1119 n.
RAILROAD RIGHT OF WAY, taking of telegraph right of way over, 1149.
RAILROAD SHARES, breach of contract to buy, 751.
RAILROAD STATION, establishment of, is special benefit, 1130.
RAILROAD STRUCTURE, d. from, 1149 n.
RAILROAD TRACK, d. for failure to run to mill, 607 n.
highway across, 1165c.
RAILROAD YARD, street across, 1152a.
RAIN, leaking in, 155.
d. for injury to contents of building by, 644.
undermining of house by, 1164.
RAISING water level on land, 1116 n.
street grade, 1123 n.
embankments, 1165.
RAPE, on wife, recovery by husband for, 48.
RATE of interest on legacy, 301c.
on money paid out by surety, 304.
in general, 324a.
in admiralty, 597a.
the conflict of laws as to, 1378.
See Interest.
3326 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BATE — Continued.
of salvage, 599c.
of compensation for services of attorney, 834o.
of freight due to carrier, 841.
of insurance, increase in, 1166 n., 11666, n.
RATES, d. for discrimination in, 857a.
RATIFICATION of act, as basis of exemplary d., 380a.
RATING, expense of new, in admiralty, 589.
RAW MATERIAL, warranted, 199.
REAL, mental injury must be, 46a.
REAL ACTIONS, d. in, 898 et seq.
dower. See Dower.
ejectment. See Ejectment.
waste. See Waste.
REAL BENEFITS, not allowed in New York, 1130a.
REAL COVENANTS, 951 et seq.
I. — In General
origin of the rule, 951.
peculiar rule of d. for breach of, 951.
restricted recovery, 951.
the ancient warranty, 952.
actual loss measures the d. for, 953.
what constitutes breach of, 953.
are cumulative, 953.
ordinary, in deeds, 953.
civil law analogies, 954.
under French code, 955.
II. — Covenants of Warranty and Seisin
of warranty and quiet enjoyment, 956 et seq. See Warranty of
Land.
what constitutes a breach, 956.
recovery of consideration on total breach. New York rule, 957.
improvements excluded by New York Rule, 958.
the New York rule followed in most states, 959.
good faith required, 960.
assignee's d., 961.
recovery of value at time of eviction, improvements included, New
England rule, 962.
general discussion of the rules, 963.
proof of consideration, 964.
where the consideration is not pecuniary, 965.
of seisin and right to convey, 966.
consideration with interest and expenses recoverable, 966.
III. — Covenants Against Incumbrances
general principles, 967.
incumbrance removable, 968.
total eviction, 969.
permanent incumbrance on the land, 970.
improvements, 971.
covenant to remove incumbrances, 972.
INDEX 3327
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
REAL COVENANTS— ConimMed.
IV. — General Pkinciples
nominal d., 953, 973.
mortgages, 974.
eviction from part of land, 975.
partial failure of title, 976.
after acquired title, American doctrine of estoppel by deed, 977.
reduction of d., 978.
title perfected by grantee, expenses recoverable, 979.
expenses must be reasonable, 980.
consequential d. not recoverable, 980a.
interest, 981.
expense of defending or of obtaining possession, 982.
counsel fees, 983.
recoupment in case of breach of, 1053.
in leases. See Landlord and Tenant.
REAL ESTATE, additional d. for continued withholding of, 89.
failure to give possession of, 185.
bond of administrator on obtaining license to sell, 692j.
guardian, whether liable on bond for sale of, 692A;.
general principles modified in actions concerning, 898.
actions for possession of, 899, 900.
modem forms of action for recovery of, 901.
"physical invasion" of, 1116.
contracts for conveyance of. See Land.
REAL ESTATE AGENTS, negligence of, 829.
REAPING-MACHINE, warranty of, 767.
REASONABLE, counsel fees recoverable on injunction bond must be, 685?n.
REASONABLE COMPENSATION, carrier entitled to, 841.
REASONABLE EXPENDITURE, power of court to determine what is, 228.
REASONABLENESS, of attempt to avoid loss, 226m.
of expense, of avoiding for jury, 228.
REBATE, recovery of secret, 439i.
at custom-house, d. for injury to goods during transportation reduced by,
852.
REBUILD, election on fire policy to, 723.
d. for breach of covenant to, 994.
RECAPTURE, prevents recovery for total loss, 711.
RECEIPT, whether conclusive of amount due, 650.
RECEIPTOR, nominal d. against, 106.
goods having been delivered to, 106.
recovery by, 4976.
d. against, 567.
liability of, 684.
obligation of, 567.
mitigation of d. against, 567.
measure of d. against, 667.
RECEIVER, interest payable by, 311/.
whether entitled to interest, 340a.
d. against, for negligent action, 5596.
3328 INDEX
[References are ta sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
REGEIYER— Continued.
d. on bond to seciire appointment of, 69 Id.
appeal from order appointing, 6880.
of i)ublic moneys, recovery on bond of, 692.
of telegram, action by, 878.
RECIPROCAL DAMAGES in replevin, 542.
RECITAL in bond, binds surety, 681a.
RECOGNITION of land as street, by deed, 11496.
RECONSTRUCTION of appliances, 1164.
RECORDING DEED, liability of officer for negligence in, 692 h.
RECOUPER, same as recoupment in old law, 1034.
RECOUPMENT, interest on balance after, 3146.
for work not performed according to contract, 656.
of possible earnings, in action for wrongful discharge of servant, 665.
of d., for improper service, 674.
in action on note, 695.
of d. for breach of warranty on contract of sale, 762a.
for improvements by tenant in action for mesne profits, 915.
in action for mesne profits, 918.
by reason of insolvency of covenantor, 973.
for fraud in sale of land, 973.
in action by landlord for rent, 9996.
none for tort, in action for rent, 9995.
for deficiency in quantity of land sold, 1016.
reduction of recovery by amount of adverse claims 1030.
difference between, and set-off, 1033.
for liquidated or unliquidated demands, 1033.
original meaning of, 1034.
modern meaning of, 1035.
in action on bill or note, 1036, 1039, 1040, 1050.
for defect in goods, 1036, 1060.
on contract of construction, 1036, 1067.
in England, 1038;
breach of warranty in, 1038, 1039, 1060.
in America, 1039.
misbehavior in performance of duty, 1039, 1066.
principle on which the doctrine of, is founded, 1040.
in action against acconimodation endorser, 1040.
action for price of land, 1040, 1052.
claim recouped must be recoverable in action, 1041.
must be against plaintiff alone, 1041.
against a minor, not allowed, 1041.
not allowed for remote loss, 1041.
must arise from same subject-matter as principal claim, 1042.
must exist before beginning of suit, 1043.
form of action immaterial in case of, 1044.
in actions of tort, 1044.
of replevin, 1044, 1057.
of detinue, 1044.
INDEX 3329
[ReferBnces are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.)
RECOUPMENT— Con^mued.
for forcible entry and detainer, 1044.
to enforce mechanic's lien, 1044.
notice of, 1045.
must be pleaded, 1046.
where both demands are unliquidated, 1047.
election between, and cross-action, 1048.
no recovery by defendant in case of, 1049.
for installment, 1051.
in case of fraud in sale of land, 1052.
breach of real covenants, 1053.
receipt of profits of land, 1054.
trespass by grantor of land, 1055.
fraud in effecting lease of land, 1056.
breach of covenants in lease, 1057.
tort of landlord, 1058.
sale of chattels, 1059 et seq.
non-delivery of part, 1059.
fraud or false representations, 1060.
breach of term of, 1061.
sale of good-will of business, 1062.
contract for hire of chattels, 1063.
contract of service, 1064 et seq.
departure without notice, 1064.
destruction of master's property, 1065.
misbehavior in performance of duty, 1066.
contracts of construction, 1067.
contracts of carriage, 1068.
pledges, 1069.
misapplication of the term, 1069.
miscellaneous contracts, 1070.
foreclosure of mortgage, 1070.
exchange of property, 1071.
prevents recovery for same cause, 1072.
failure to claim, does not bar action for same cause, 1073;
of payment not pleaded, 1074.
after verdict, 1075.
RECOVERY of funeral expenses, 570a.
for diminution in value of reservoir, 1080.
for d. under permissive powers, 1089.
for improvements on land, 1104.
for physical discomfort, 1123.
for inconvenience, 1123.
beyond compensation. See Exemplary Damages.
RECOVERY OF SPECIFIC PERSONAL PROPERTY, action for, 526 et seq.
detinue, 527.
replevin, 528.
separate action by defendant, 528a.
nominal d., 529.
early English statutes, 530.
209
3330 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
RECOVERY OF SPECIFIC PERSONAL PROPERTY— CoTrimwed.
value of the property, 351.
recovery by owner of a special interest, 631a.
plaintiff bound by valuation in writ, 632.
value, when to be estimated, 533.
value increased by l^bor of defeated party, 534.
d. for detention, 635.
decrease in value, 536.
loss of the property pending litigation, 536a.
value of use, 537.
interest as d. for detention, 538.
increase or income of the property, 539.
consequential d., 540.
sequestration proceeding in Louisiana, 541.
reciprocal d., 642.
REDEMPTION of mortgage, expense of, recoverable in action for breach of
covenant, 968.
REDRESS, subject of d. a branch of the law of, 1.
of property owner for unauthorized d., 1110.
extension of, 1119.
REDUCTION of amount of adverse claim. See Recoupment
REDUCTION OF DAMAGES, how effected, 53 et seq.
not by offer of specific reparation, 53.
whether by bringing property into court, 54.
by reparation accepted by plaintiff, 66.
by return to general owner, 55o.
by reparation preventing actual loss, 66, 213.
by reparation accepted from third party, 57.
by recovery of property, 58.
by appUcation of property to plaintiff's benefit, 59.
only if accepted by plaintiff, 69.
or if he cannot object, 60.
by application authorized by law, 60.
in case of seizure by creditor, .60.
by proceeds of informal sale after legal seizure, 61.
by executor de son tort, 61.
by payment of plaintiff's debt by sheriff, 61.
by offer of reparation that would prevent further loss, 62.
by benefit conferred on injured party, 63.
in actions for flooding lands, 64.
none where benefit is enjoyed in common with others, 65.
nor where not caused directly by wrongful act itself, 66.
nor by benefit received from third parties, 67.
nor by charitable aid, 67, 860.
Qor by amount received on insurance policy, 67o.
by return of property, 435.
by value of carcass of animal, 435.
for conversion, 493a.
by return of goods converted, 494a, 4946,
by repurchase of property, 494c,
INDEX 3331
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
REDUCTION OF DAMAGES— Continued.
in action against public officer, 548.
by return of property illegally attached, 665.
by return of goods or their proceeds, 565a.
for death, 583.
in admiralty, 691.
for collision, 591.
for breach of contract, 608.
for breach of contract to buy stock, 627a.
by offer to take back discharged servant, 667.
for services of infant, 673a.
on statutory bond, 681.
on attachment bond, 682.
on replevin bond, 691a.
on detinue bond, 691c.
on sheriff's bond, 692i.
on pohcy of marine insurance, 719.
of fire insurance, 726.
on contract of indemnity, 801.
against co-surety, 808a.
for non-deUvery by carrier, 848.
by acceptance of insurance money, 849.
for injury during transportation, 852.
not by gratuitous nursing, 860.
none by recovery on insurance policy, 860.
for mesne profits, 908, 909, 918.
because loss was inevitable, 928.
from injury to land, 929.
by after acquired title, 977.
on real covenants, 978.
for breach of contract for share of crop, 989.
for failure to pay rent, 9996.
on breach of contract to convey land, 1013.
by set off or recoupment, 1030 pt seq.
on account of payment after suit brought, 1074.
by common benefit, 1125.
for taking by eminent domain, 1160a.
hypothetical, not allowed, 1161.
RE-ENTRY requisite for disseizee to bring trespass, 931.
RE-EXCHANGE, amount of, 700.
on foreign bill, 700, 701.
on notes, inland bills and bank checks, 700a.
no recovery for, unless necessary, 701.
conflict of laws as to, 1375.
REFECTORY, loss of profits of, by nuisance, 948.
REFEREES, report of, may be set aside as excessive, 1328.
REFRIGERATOR, furnishing defective, 2126, n.
d. for destruction of, 766.
REFUSAL to take goods manufactured, d. for, 752.
to transport by carrier, 842.
3332 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
REFUSAL— Con/ireued.
of vendor to convey land, d. for, 1007.
REFUSE, d. for depositing in pond, 941.
REGALIA, d. for delay in transportation of, 856.
REGISTER OF DEEDS. See Deeds.
REGULATIONS, right of telegraph company to make, 876.
must be reasonable, 876.
d. limited by, 876.
RE-IMBURSEMENT of agent by principal, 834.
of surety on subsequent bond, 692c.
RE-INSTATE, election on policy of fire insurance to, 723.
RE-INSTATEMENT, cost of, 1172(i.
RE-INSURANCE, 728.
whether required after lapse of policy, 212.
cost of, 730.
RELATIONS, exemplary d. ioi injury to, 51.
RELATIONSHIP, may be indicated to the company by terms of the message,
169.
notice of, in telegram, 894c.
RELATIVE, d. for mental suffering for default in delivering message, announcing
sickness or death of, 8946.
RELEASE, from wrongful arrest, recovery of expense of, 226d.
expense of, recoverable in action for false imprisonment, 463.
from imprisonment, expense of obtaining, 463.
of debtor, d. on bond to secure, 686.
recovery of expense of obtaining, in action on real covenant, 979.
of d., 1109 n.
effect of, on liability for negligence, 1110 n.
of dower, d. for failure to procure, 1016.
covenant to make, 1019.
RELIEF, equitable, 3.
REMAINDER-MAN, of chattel, recovery by, 83.
compensation recoverable by, for taking by eminent domain, 1156.
REMAND, whether remote consequence of wrongful arrest, 464.
REMEDIAL reUef, 2.
REMEDY, to be commensurate with injury, 29.
wherever common law gives a right, 29.
wherever there is a wrong, 97.
not generally known not requisite, 221a.
rule of d. as affected by, 389.
for death, election of, 571c.
REMITTANCE, d. against agent for failure to make, 819.
REMITTITUR, 1259.
to cure excess of verdict, 1330.
when will be entered, 1331.
of excess, 1331.
REMOTE, avoidable consequences are, 202.
counsel fees are not, 230.
REMOTE CONSEQUENCES of false imprisonment, 464.
not recoverable in marine insurance, 718.
INDEX 3333
[Rfeferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
REMOTE DAMAGES, ch. vu.
not all results of a wrongful act are compensated, 110.
direct and indirect results of a wrong, 111.
fundamental distinctions. Ilia.
proximate and remote cause, 111b.
tests proposed for the determination of proximate cause, 111c.
time and distance, lllrf.
probability and rarity; possibility and impossibility, llle.
causal sequence, 111/.
causa sine qvd nmi. The "but for which" rule, 112.
remote consequences not compensated, 113.
consequences of an act complex in nature, 114.
Scott V. Shepherd, 115.
what consequences are remote, 115a.
question of remoteness a question of fact, 116.
instances of proximate and remote consequences, 117.
cause and condition, 118.
exposure to risk: negligence concurring with cause for which defendant is
not responsible, 119.
cases against carriers. Comparative exposure to risk. Anticipation of
loss, 119a. ^
causes of divergence in the cases, 1196.
analogy in cases of deviation, 119c.
leading cases in Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania, 119rf.
confusion of authorities, 119e.
lack of privity or duty as aifecting cause of action, 120.
d. supervening from a collateral cause, 120a.
proximate and remote results of statutory injuries, 1206.
Louisiana law, 121.
consequences of intermeddUng with property, 121a.
direct consequence always proximate, 1216.
classification of cases involving remoteness, 121c.
interposition of a natural force, 121d.
loss by exposure to the weather, 122.
injury by supervening disease or accident, 123.
interposition of the act of an animal, 124.
infectious disease, 125.
defects in fences and gates. Straying cattle, 125a.
intervention of human agency, 126.
interposition of plaintiff, 126a.
d. resulting to feelings of the injured party, 1266.
loss through a forced sale of property, 126c.
interposition of act of a third person, 126d.
concurring negligence of third person, 126e.
loss of credit, 127.
loss of business, 127a.
loss caused by a crowd attracted, 128.
loss of employment, 129.
loss of a dependent contract, 130.
judicial or other official action, 131.
3334 .INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
REMOTE DAMAGES— Continued.
deprivation of means to an end, 132.
deprivation of property, 133.
deprivation of business premises, 134.
deprivation of machinery, 134a.
deprivation of means of protection to' person or property, 135.
detention of property, 136.
loss of service, 137.
for conversion, 506a.
on statutory bond, 680.
not recoverable on attachment bond, 682.
not allowed on injunction bond, 685.
of sale by agent without authority, 838.
not recoverable against carrier, 852.
for trespass on land, what are, 932.
no recoupment can be allowed for, 1041.
excluded, 1086. See CoNSEQirENTiAii Damages.
REMOVABLE NUISANCE, d. for, 948.
REMOVAL, expense of, 149.
of tenant's furniture, 167.
to other premises, cost of, 226^.
to accept service, 607.
d. for expense of, 607o.
in action for breach of contract to employ, 607 n.
of buildings, d. for, 935o, 1168.
of soil, d. for, 939.
of chattels, recovery of d. for, in action for trespass on land, 943.
of lateral support, 1110 n., 1123 n.
of timber, 1168.
of protection against freshets, 1117.
of shade trees, 1122.
of personal property, cost of, 1123.
REMOVE incumbrances, breach of covenant to, 972.
REMOVING property, expense of, 1169.
REMUNERATION, arbitrary, in insurance, 709, 715.
RENEW, d. for breach of covenant to, 996.
RENEWALS of insurance, agent entitled to commissions on, 834e.
RENT, illegal distraint for, 100.
loss of, 155.
likelihood in particular case of receiving, 186.
payable in kind, 279c, n.
interest on, 307, 919.
payable in chattels, interest on, 313o.
deposit to secure, whether liquidated d., 414.
entire, when recoverable for a breach of contract to occupy a room, 612.
how far recoverable for delay in constructing building, 645.
recovery of, on injunction bond, 685a.
injunction against collecting, 6S5c.
recovery for loss of, on sequestration bond, 691rf.
of real estate, not chargeable on bond of executor or administrator, 692/.
INDEX 333S
IReferences axe to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
BENT— Cmtinued.
recoverable against insurance company during rebuilding, 723.
not recoverable on policy of fire insurance, 724.
contract to pay another's, 789.
covenant of sub-lessee to pay, 789.
neglect of agent to collect, 829.
not measure of mesne profits, 907.
for use of improvements, whether recoverable itt action for mesne profit,
. 909a.
mesne profits reduced by payment of, 918.
interest on, in action for mesne profits, 919.
compensation for loss of, by nuisance, 948.
action to recover, 999a.
d. for breach of contract to pay, 999a.
excuse for payment of, 999c.
apportionment of, 999(i.
recoupment in action for, 1040, 1067.
no recoupment for tort of landlord in action for, 1042.
RENTS AND PROFITS of land, equalling interest, 3016.
doweress whether entitled to, 921.
of land whether chargeable to vendee on breach by vendor to convey,
1012a.
loss of, 1151 n., 1166d.
See Mesne Profits.
RENTAL VALUE, 184, 189, 1171c.
recovery of, 1716.
of land, as d. for use, 685a.
of property, not delivered, recoverable, 742.
of land, d. for diminution of, 932.
recovery for diminution of, 948.
of leased premises, what is, 984, 988.
what is, 999e.
allowance for, dining delay in conveyance, 1021a.
as basis of compensation, 1081.
higher prospective, 1104.
in elevated railway cases, 1203.
loss of, 1165c.
evidence of, 1171a.
REPAIR, neglect to, causing injury, 35.
contract to keep gate in, 89.
breach of contract to, prospective d. on, 89, 90.
contract to keep cattle-passes in, 90.
consequential d., 155.
agreement to, 155.
failure to keep in, 189.
contract to keep machinery in, 190.
of a ship, 196.
avoidable consequences, 202, 205, 209, 226.
agreement by landlord, 209.
tenant's agreement to make, 210,
3336 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
REPAIR— Conimwet/.
expense of, recoverable, 226(i.
of injury from defective boiler, 226d.
where reasonable to make, 226 n.
expense of litigation, 240.
interest on money spent for, 316.
of chattel, expense of, 435, 438.
expense of, in case of collision, 589, 592.
in admiralty, 689.
avoidable consequences not recoverable on breach of contract to, 608.
d. for breach of contract to, 614 n., 633(i, 636/i, 6466.
of contract of bailment for, 6336.
of dam, d. for injunction against, 685/.
of vessel, cost of, as constituting constructive total loss, 711.
recovery for, on marine policy, 714.
d. on election of insurer to make, 723.
of road, failure of agent to make, 829.
commission of agent for superintending, 834(i.
interest on cost of, in action for mesne profits, 919.
recovery by tenant of cost of, 926.
recovery of cost of, in action for injury to land, 932.
of injury caused by flooding land, recoverable, 942.
breach by landlord of covenant to, 991.
covenant of tenant to, 999A.
d. for failure to restore leased premises in good, 999y.
recoupment for breach of covenant of, 1061.
of public highway, 1108 n.
covenant to. See Covenant.
REPARATION, rules of, under Roman law, 24.
offer of, does not reduce d., 53.
specific, 53.
accepted, reduces d., 55.
offer of, reduces d. if it would prevent loss, 56.
by third party, 57.
preventing further loss, 62.
offer of, by defendant, 222.
REPEATED MESSAGE, 876.
REPETITION of telegraphic message, 876.
REPETITION OF DEFAMATION, whether provable in aggravation, 384a, n.,
446.
d. for, 444a, 448d.
proof that slanderous words were as mitigation of d., 448d.
REPLACEMENT of trestle by embankment, 1109.
REPLACEMENT IN THE MARKET, 208a, 228a et seg.
connection of replacement with the rule of avoidable consequences, 228a.
replacement not a duty, 2286.
possible cases of replacement, 228c.
contracts for carrying stocks on a margin, 228rf.
the measure of d. in stock-carrying contracts, 228e.
non-speculative stock contracts, 228/.
INDEX 3337
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
REPLACEMENT IN THE MARKET— Conimwed.
contracts for purchase and sale of chattels, 228ff.
connection of this subject with the rule of higher intermediate value,
228A.
proof of replacement, 228i.
necessity of, 735.
cost of, 1171d, 1172a.
same as market value, 228c.
as bearing on value, 735a.
when price of goods has been paid in advance, 744.
as evidence of value of buildings, 935a.
necessity of, upon non-deUvery of goods sold, 735.
vendee under no duty of, 741.
REPLEVIN, recovery in, by owner of limited interest in possession, 77.
by general owner, 78.
for part of goods, no action in trespass for rest, 85ft.
nominal d. for detention of personal property in action of, 101 n.
no evidence as to length of period of detention, 107a, n.
avoidable consequences in, 214, 216.
costs of action of, in action for conversion, 226c.
expenses of litigation not recoverable in, 233.
no recovery of counsel fges in, 235a.
interest in, 317, 538.
exemplary d. in, 375.
d. for failure to hand over goods replevied, 556.
higher intermediate value, whether recoverable in, 507.
action of, .526 el seq.
bond must be given, 526, 528.
distinction between, and trover, 528.
rule of d. the same whether plaintiff or defendant recovers, 528.
much modified by statute, 528.
separate action by defendant, 528a.
nominal d. in actions of, 629, 531, 535.
early English statutes as to, 530,
value of property in, 631.
recovery by owner of a special interest, 531a.
valuation in writ, whether conclusive, 532.
when value of property estimated in action of, 533.
when labor of defeated party to be considered in action of, 634.
d. for detention in action of, 535.
' when it becomes like an action of trover, 535.
d. for decrease in value of property taken in, 536.
loss of the property pending litigation, 636a.
value of use, 537.
interest as d. for detention of property in, 538.
compensation for natural increase of property in, 539.
income of the property, 639.
consequential d. in action of, 640.
similar to sequestration proceedings in Louisiana, 541.
reciprocal d. for, 542.
333S INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; A. taeaiis note.]
BEPLEVm— Continued.
value of property when estimated in action on, 690.
destruction of goods taken in, before judgment, 691.
reduction of d. on, 691a.
is possessory action, 691a.
for fences, d. in, 938.
recoupment in action of, 1044, 1057.
after distress for rent, recoupment in action of, 1057.
REPLEVIN BOND, d. on, 533, 689.
d. for detention on, 535.
action against sheriff for taking informal or insufficient, 555.
recoverj' on, 689, 689a.
counsel fees in action on, not recoverable, 689.
recovery of d. for taking not assessed in replevin suit, 689.
destruction of property before payment, 691.
recoupment in action on, 1041.
REPORT of master, interest on, 335.
recovery on bond for failure to render, 692/.
REPRODUCTION, cost of, 1168.
REPUDIATION of plaintiff, may be shown on breach of promise of marriage, 641.
of policy of insurance by company, 730.
of contract, 636a et seq.
performable in instalments, 6366.
continuance of performance after, 636c.
anticipatory breaeh: d. upon breach before time for performance, 636(i.
d. affected by fluctuations in the market, 636e.
avoidance of loss by making forward contracts, 636/.
difference between, and rescission, 655a.
to take manufactured goods, d. upon, 752.
to convey land, 1012a.
REPURCHASE of converted property, by owner, 494c.
REPURCHASING, expense of, 565a.
REPUTATION, injury to, compensated, 39, 50.
exemplary d. for injury to, 51.
in business, injury to, 171a, n.
prospective d. for injury to, 172a.
d. for injury to, by slander or libel, 443.
affecting d. for defamation, 445.
of plaintiff, in mitigation of d. for slander or libel, 451.
by malicious prosecution 458.
d. for loss of, in action for malicious prosecution of civil suit, 468.
for wealth of defendant shown in action for breach of promise of mar-
riage, 638.
RES ADJUDICATA, 1164.
RESALE, contemplation of, 156.
of land, 156.
d. for loss of, 161, 162, 163.
notice of contemplation of, 162.
profits expected from, 197.
at another place, goods purchased for, 246.
INDEX 3339
EReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
RESALE— Continued.
value affected by profit of, 248a.
price of, as bearing on value, 73.56, 854.
value of goods purchased for, 739.
profits of, on non-delivfery of goods, 739.
d. for failure to supply goods bought for, 742a.
of goods by seller, on failure of purchaser to receive, 750.
after non-payment for goods, 750.
after non-acceptance of goods purchased, 755.
of goods by vendor after default, 755.
price received on, as evidence of value, 762.
on breach of warranty of goods, 762.
at a distance, d. for breach of warranty of goods purchased for, 762, 770,
771.
of warranted goods, d. for loss of, 771.
profit of, whether recoverable against carrier, 844.
d. cannot be recovered for loss of, 854.
of land, contemplation of parties as to, 1005.
as evidence of value of land, 1018.
as evidence of d. for failure to accept deed, 1018
of land, no recovery for loss of, 1022.
unless notice received, 1022.
RESCISSION OF CONTRACT, 636/, n.
recovery upon, 655a.
of employment, right of servant to elect, 665.
of service by mutual consent, 673.
for sale of chattel, 733a.
of sale after non-acceptance of goods, 754.
for sale, d. upon, 754.
after notice of coimtermand, 758.
to convey land^ 1012o.
See REPtTDIATION.
RESCUE of vessel, prevents recovery for total loss, 711.
RESERVOIR, collection of water in, whether cause of action, 33.
percolating, whether cause of action, 33.
breaking away of, whether cause of action, 33.
recovery for diminution in value, 1080.
taking of land for, 1162.
construction of, 1164.
imlawful entry to construct, 1175.
and dam,- 1162.
RESERVOIR PURPOSES, taking of land for, 1085, 1151 n.
land condemned for, 1171e.
RESERVOIR SITE, property condemned for, 11716.
value of property as, 1171e.
RESIDENCE, nearness of poles to, 1149 n.
adaptability of land for, 11716.
summer property used as, 1171c.
actual value for, 1171c.
RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR, 810.
3340 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
RESTAURANT, eviction from premises used as, 182n.
value of land for, 252 n.
RESTRAINT, of trade, contracts in, 1935.
RESTRICTIVE COVENANT, d. for depreciation caused by, 970.
RESTITUTION, demand under writ of, 690.
RESTORATION of land after flooding, recovery of expense of, 942.
RESTRAINING ORDER, d. caused by, 685.
RESTRICTIONS, effect of, on value of fee, 1158.
RESTS, annual, in accounts when allowed, 344.
RETAIL value of goods, 197, 722.
profits from sale at, 197.
RETAIL PRICE includes profits, 197.
RETRACTION of defamation as affecting d., 453.
RETURN, accepted, nominal d., after, 98.
of chattels to owner, 435.
d. for failure to make, 556.
d. for false, 557.
of borrowed property, contract for, 633b.
judgment for, in replevin, 689.
judgment for, does not bar defendant in action on replevin bond, 691a.
d. on sheriff's bond for failure to make, 692i.
not corresponding to warranty, 759.
of goods shown in reduction of d., 55a.
of goods, reduction of d. for, 565o.
of goods converted, reduction by, 493o, 494a, 494b.
of property, as reducing d., 435.
of property, d. for failure to make, 6336.
RETURNING EXECUTION, neglect in not, 103.
REVENGE, exemplary d. for, 364.
REVERSION, d. for injury to, 74.
REVERSIONARY INTEREST, in elevated railway cases, 1201.
value of, 1084, 1085.
REVERSIONER of land, d. recoverable by, 74.
defendant answerable in part to, 69.
as well as lessee, injury to, 71.
recovery by, 72.
nominal d. recoverable by, 98, 100.
trover by, for cutting of branches, 100.
recovery by, on fire policy, 725.
recovery by, for injury to land, 926.
REVERTER, possibility of, has no ascertainable value, 1155.
REVOCATION of submission to arbitration, d. for, 687.
REVOLVER, whether baggage, 873, n.
REWARD, for murderer, 200.
paid for return of property converted, recovery of, 494c.
RHODE ISLAND, constitutional provisions for allowance of benefits in, 1145,
1148.
RIB, excessive d. for fracture of, 1350.
RIBBONS, breach of contract to dye, 620 «.
RICE, contract for payment in, 279b.
INDEX 3341
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
RIGHT of eminent domain, basis of, 1107.
nature of, 1107.
of property, 1107.
nominal d. for infringement of, 98.
invaded or interfered with, nominal d., 104.
belief of, exemplary d. mitigated by, 383c.
in stock, neglect of ageiit to sell, 828.
interference with, 1094.
to furnish cloak-rooms in theatre, 1097.
to supply refreshments, 1097.
to sink shafts in lands for minerals, 1097,
to advertise in theatre, 1097.
of lateral support, 1149a,
pertaining to property not taken, 1149a.
to flow of stream, 1149a.
not affected, d. when, 11496.
in condemnation proceedings, basis of, 11496.
private, of ferriage, 1171a.
RIGHT OF ACTION, what injuries give, 33.
question of, often confounded with remote consequences, 114.
exemplary d. alone never give, 361.
for slander, what will give, 443.
personal, 1095.
RIGHT OF WAY, obstruction of, 93 n.
bond to pay for, 677.
unlawful use of, 1110. n.
throwing earth and trees on land outside of, 1110 n.
for railroad, taking of, 1114.
obstruction of, 1117.
for telegraph, 1149 n.
■ for telegraph, taking of, over railroad right of way, 1149.
taking of, across railroads, 1152a.
may form part of land to which it is appurtenant for eminent domain
proceedings, 1154.
taken for pipe-line, 1165.
taking of, by railroad, 1166c.
opening of new road across, 1167.
RIGHT 10 CONVEY, d. on covenant of, 966.
RING, whether baggage, 873 n.
RISE in value, benefits through, 1103.
RISK of conviction, recovery for, in malicious prosecution, 458.
of salvor, as affecting amount of salvage, 699c.
of injury, compensation for, 866.
increased, from fire, 1149a.
and danger in general, 1165c.
conjectural, 1165c.
of fire, 1164, 1165, 1166.
from leakage of gas, 1165.
from crossing road, 1165c.
to orchard, 1165.
3342 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
RIVER, impairment of access to, 99 n.
obstruction of, 182.
loss of use of frontage on, 1101.
changing current of, 1109 n.
change in course of, 1120.
taking of land to widen, 11716.
land enriched by sediment from, 1171&,
access to navigable, 1093.
ROAD, loss of use of, 187.
avoidable consequences of obstruction of, 215.
d. for breach of contract to build, 614 n., 618 n., 647.
d. for breach of contract to repair, 647.
d. against agent to keep in repair, 829.
d. for building, 910.
private, proximity of railway crossing to, 1078.
public, railway across, 1090.
narrowing of, 1092.
on plan, access to, 1096.
construction of culvert under, 1109 n.
private, owner compelled to build, 1109.
through pasture, 1149 n.
d. from construction of, 1164.
difficulty of crossing, 1165.
risk from crossing, 1165c.
building, without condemnation proceedings, 1165c.
opening of new, across right of way, 1167.
turnpike, taken for highway, 1171(i.
private, compensation for, 1178.
enhancement of value by, 1178.
ROADBED, of raih-oad, elevation of, 1109 n.
ROADS, laid out through tract of land do not destroy entirety of it, 1154 «.
ROADWAY, elevation of, impairing access, 1123.
ROBBERY, loss of money by, whether chargeable to treasurer, 692/.
ROCK, d. for breach of contract to remove, 614 n.
ROMAN LAW, d. under, 22.
arbitrary rules of reparation, 24.
damnum emergens and lucrum cessans, 22.
recovery of litigation expenses in, 231.
no exemplary d. in, 355.
liquidated d. in, 3'92.
as to sale of chattel, 782.
for breach of contract of sale, 782.
as to mesne profits, 906.
of stipulatio, 954.
analogies of, to relation of court and jury, 1312, 1314.
formulae in, 1313.
ROME, substitutes for money in, 266.
ROOF, ice falling from, whether cause of action, 33.
leaking, causing pneumonia, 155.
machinery injured by non-repair of, 209?i.
INDEX 3343
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
ROOF— Continued.
d. for breach of contract to repair, 6466.
d. for destruction of, 935a.
d. recoverable by tenant for defect in, 990,
d. for injury to, by landlord, 9906.
overhanging, 11666.
ROUND-HOUSE, location of, 1111.
ROYALTIES, insurance of, 724.
ROYALTY, d. for loss of, 197.
interest upon amount of, 323.
under patent, 1216.
as measure of d. for infringement of patent, 1220.
See Patent.
RUBBER BUSINESS, value of land for, 252 n.
RULE of avoidable consequences, 1104, 1172a.
of d., in statutes, 1112a.
of eminent domain under new constitutions, 1118.
in Illinois, 1121.
of market value, 1171c.
of telegraph company, d. limited by, 786.
general, of public liability, 1108.
common law, on eminent domain, changed by constitutions, 1122.
early, on eminent domain, 1115.
in Pennsylvania, 1120.
second, of eminent domain, 1116.
third, of eminent domain, 1117.
English, judicial objection to, 1105.
English, on eminent domain criticised, 1122.
English, on eminent domain, in Pennsylvania, 1120.
Thesiger's, 1096.
application of, 1121.
ordinary, as to certainty of proof, 1087.
as to certainty of proqf, 1094.
as to certainty of remoteness, 1094.
for construing stipulations for d. See Liquidated Damages.
of evidence, 1179.
special on compensation, in England, 1100.
when no land taken, 108$.
RUNNING of trains, 1123.
SACRIFICE, what is general average, 717.
of property to raise money, remote, 806.
SAFE, warranted burglar-proof, 164a.
SAFETY appliances, 1165.
SALARY, continuation of, 07.
interest on, 308a.
amount of, set off in recovery on bond of officer of corporation, 694.
of city clerk, set off on bond, 693.
of office lost pending appeal, recovery of, 688a.
3344 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SAI/E, conditional. See Conditional Sale.
recovery by party to, 80a.
hope of making, 170.
notice of contemplation of, 161.
d. for fraud in effecting, 4396.
d. from injunction against, 685/s.
loss of opportunity for, by injunction, 685A.
d. against agent for, 819, 821-824.
by agent, d. for unauthorized, 821.
below price, 822.
on wrong terms, 823.
for neglect to make, 824.
d. for discharge of agent for, 834c.
d. against telegraph company for loss of, 883.
for error in transmitting conditions of, 886.
of grease, breach of warranty in, 164a.
of newspaper, liquidated d. for breach of term of, 401.
of property, suspended by appeal, 688a.
of stock, d. for breach of contract for, 627a.
of growing crops, 737.
by sample, d. in case of, 761.
of good will of business, recoupment in action for purchase price, 1062.
non-compulsory, market value implies, 1179.
at auction, evidence of, 1179.
as evidence of value, 1298.
as measure of d. in patent suits. <See Patents.
under civil d. statutes. See Civil Damage Statutes.
SALE OF CHATTELS
I. — In General
countermand after, 758.
when d. are to be estimated upon, 758.
right of rescission upon, 758.
d. against sheriff for error in making, 558.
contract for exclusive agency for, 607, 633.
recovery on sheriff's bond for wrongful, 692t.
Justinian's laws as to, 782.
civil law as to, 783.
by agent, d. for unauthorized, 821.
recoupment in ca.se of, 1059 ct seq. See Recoupment.
for non-delivery of part, 1059.
for false representation or fraud, 1060.
for defect in goods, 1060.
for breach of term of, 1061.
warranty on. See Wabbantt of Chattels.
fraud in. See Fraud.
II. — Breach by Vendor
d. in actions arising from, 733 et seq.
introductory, 733.
rescission, 733o.
general rule, 734.
INDEX 3345
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SALE OF CHATTELS— Continued.
nominal d. for, 734.
after partial delivery, 734, 743.
reason generally given for it doubtful, 735.
actual value and cost of replacement, 735o.
market value and price at resale, 7356.
delay in delivery, 735c.
eicpenses caused by, 226(7.
failure to deliver stock, 736.
time when market value is to be taken, 737.
where delivery was postponed, 737.
in installments, 737.
on demand, 737.
place where market value is to be taken, 738.
nearest market, 739.
price receivable on a sub-contract, 740.
avoidable consequences, 201, 205, 741.
requirement of re-purchase upon non-delivery, 220.
offer of goods at higher price after refusal to deUver, 222.
duty of replacement after breach of contract for, 228a et seq.
interest on failure to deliver, 313a.
liquidated d. for failure to deliver, 417.
for delay in delivering, 419.
consequential d. for failure to deliver, 153, 164, 742.
goods not procurable in market, 163.
at a special season, 169a.
profits, 196, 742a.
waiver, 743.
payment in advance, 744.
the rule of higher intermediate value followed in some jurisdictions, 745.
disapproved in other jurisdictions, 746.
distinction between stock and merchandise, 747.
no just distinction, 748.
same reason for rule where property has fallen, 749.
collateral agreement broken by vendor, 749o.
III. — Breach by Vendee
rule where title has passed, 750.
failure to pay, price recoverable, 750, 751.
if no price value recoverable, 750.
resale upon, 750.
instances, 751.
manufacturing contracts, 752.
property to be severed from the realty, 752a.
rule where title has not passed, 753.
remedies for, 753.
nominal d. for, 753.
rescission, 754.
resale after default, 755.
promise to give a bill or note, 756.
note of a third party, 756.
21Q
3346 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SALE OF CHATTELS— Co^ftimwed.
where credit was given, 756.
consequential d. upon, 757.
avoidable consequences, 757.
interest on price unpaid, 308.
IV. — Bheach op Warranty and FRArrn
warranties, 226^, 759.
cases allowing difference between price and actual value, 760.
between value as warranted and actual value, 761.
discussion of principles, 761a.
difference in values the general rule, 762.
recoupment, 762a.
warranty of quantity or value, 763.
avoidable consequences, 764.
consequential d., 765.
upon warranty of fitness for a purpose, 766.
upon warranty of machines, 767.
of seeds, 768.
by communication of disease, 769.
upon a sub-contract, 770.
purchase for sale at a distance, 771.
expenses, 772.
litigation expenses, 238, 773.
warranty of title, 774.
of indorsements, 775.
that a certain sum is due, 776.
fraud in sale of chattels, 777.
Smith V. Bolles, 778.
English rule, 779.
general discussion, 780.
considerations of practical justice, 781.
SALE OP LAND. See Land.
I. — In General
liquidated d. on contract of, 417.
on execution, d. for illegal, 565(i.
II. — Breach by Vendor
English rule, Flureau v. Thornhill, 1001.
cases following Flureau v. Thornhill, 1002.
Engel V. Fitch, 1003.
Bain ». Fothergill, present English rule, 1004.
general considerations, 1005.
American jurisdictions following the English rule, 1006.
exceptional cases, vendor refuses to convey, being able to do so, 1007.
vendor contracts with reference to complete title, 1008.
the rule of nominal d., 1009.
substantial d., in case of bad faith, 1010.
in case of'knowledge that title is in third party, 1011.
substantial d. always recoverable, general rule in America, 1012.
rescission, 1012a.
reduction of d., 1013.
INDEX 3347
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SALE OF LAND— ConWnited.
payment in advance, 1014.
Nichols V. Freeman, 1015.
quality or quantity deficient, 1016.
expenses, 1017.
measure of value, 1018.
covenant to malie partition, 1019.
barter contracts, 1020.
d. in actions to enforce specific performance, 1021.
d. for delay in making conveyance, 1021o.
consequential d., 1022.
III. — Breach by Vendee
difference between value and contract price recoverable, 1023.
contract price recoverable in some States, 1024.
interest and expenses, 1025.
forfeiture of deposits, 1026.
IV. — Fraud in Sale of I;And
measure of d. for fraud, 1027.
consequential d. for fraud, 1027a.
deficiency in quantity, 1028.
the rule in Smith v. BoUes, 1029.
recoupment for, 1062.
SALESMAN, delay of goods sent to, 152.
SALMON, warranted fit for food, 164o.
SALOON, value of land for, 263 n.
SALT, contract for payment in, 2796.
d. for error in telegram for purchase of, 884.
SALVAGE of fragments of injured property not necessary, 218.
recoverable in admiralty, 589.
amount of, 599c.
what amount of, constitutes constructive total loss, 711.
expense of, when considered in marine policy, 716.
SALVOR, amount of recovery by, in admiralty, 599c.
SAMPLES, failure to deliver package of, 164.
sent by common carrier, delayed, 195.
d. for delay in delivery of, 865a, n.
whether baggage, 873 n.
SAND, exemplary d. for carrying away, 373.
d. on injunction bond for removal of, 685&, n.
d. recoverable from tenant for removing, 999j.
SATISFACTION, payment by note must be accepted as full, 796, 798.
SAVING, habits of, considered in actions for death, 574o,
SAVINGS BANK BOOK, value of, 258.
statutory interest as d. for detention of, 538.
SAW, fl!. for breach of contract to, 614 n.
SAWMILL, stoppage of, 164a.
failure to repair, 226g.
d. for expense of removing, on injunction bond, 685?>.
injunction against working, 685c, n.
3348 INDEX
IReferences are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SAWMILL— Continued.
d. for deficiency of power on contract to convey land for, 1016.
lots available for, 1171.
SAXON LAW, 10.
"SCAB " workman as passenger, 150.
SCALE, warranty of, 164a.
SCANDALOUS picture, value of, 265.
SCAR, wound which would leave, 172.
SCENERY, failure to transport, 164.
SCIRE FACIAS, interest on, 334.
SCHOLARSHIP, contract for permanent, 636i.
SCHOOL, whether forfeiture of tuition in advance is penalty, 414.
breach of contract to employ to teach in, 607 n.
entire cost of tuition payable for breach of contract, 612.
SCHOOL BOOKS, value of, 250.
SCHOOL COMMISSIONER, recovery on bond of, 693.
SCHOOL FUNDS, no recovery for loss of, on bond of county treasurer, 692o.
SCHOOL HOUSE, erection of public, 1177.
SCHOOL PURPOSES, value of land for, 1081.
SCHOOL TEACHER, measure of d. for injury to, 180 n.
SCHOOLMASTER, recovery of fee by, 612.
SCOTCH LAW, analysis of elements of injurj', 37 n.
nomiaal d. in, 107 n.
solatium in, 355.
no exemplary d. in, 355.
recovery for mesne profits in, 906.
SCRAP IRON, breach of warranty of, 770.
SCRIP, land, value of, 261.
half-breed, value of, 531.
SEARCH, for converted property, expense of, 226c.
SEARCH WARRANT, d. for imlawfully executing, 47, 564.
SEA, d. for delay in transportation by, 855.
SEASON, loss of sale for, 169a.
SEA-WALL, exclusion from, 135.
d. for taking, 217.
contract to build, 631.
SECOND-HAND GOODS, value of, 251.
SECONDARY DAMAGES. See Consequential Damages.
SECURITY, recovery for impairment of, 73.
land as, recovery for, 73.
value of, 258.
interest on money deposited as, 302a.
fraud in representing value of, 439e.
breach of contract to give, 622a.
d. for loss of, 633c.
bond given as, 679a.
how affected by injunction against foreclosure, 685A.
recovery for failure to give, on arbitration bond, 687.
amount of, received by surety must be deducted from contribution, 808a.
liability of agent for faihire to obtain, 8186.
INDEX 3349
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SECURITY— Continued.
collateral, d. against bank for loss of, 819.
d. for failure by agent to require, 823.
misrepresentation of title to, 1027.
interest in action for loss of, 317 n.
SEDIMENT from river, land enriched by, 11716.
SEDUCE, recovery for attempt to, 48.
SEDUCTION, compensation for shame in action for, 47.
cannot be proved in reduction of d., 66.
no interest in action for, 316.
exemplary d. for, 376, 474.
of daughter, d. recoverable for, 471-476.
peculiarity of action for, 471.
d. governed by rules of law, 472.
compensation for loss of services of daughter, 473.
for family dishonor, 473.
for injury to family relations, 48, 473.
for wounded feelings and affections, 473.
aggravation of d. for, 475.
promise of marriage, 475.
abortion, 475.
pecuniary position of parties, 475.
mitigation of d. for, 476.
indifference of plaintiff, 476.
offer of marriage, 476.
unehastity of daughter, 476.
recovery by daughter, 476.
action by party seduced, 477.
d. recoverable by statute, 477.
aggravates d. for breach of promise of marriage, 639.
recoupment for, 1066.
excessive d. for, 1340.
verdict for, may be set aside as excessive, 1328.
SEED, warranty of, 191.
interest in action for breach of warranty of, 316 n.
(Z. for breach of warranty of, 764, 768.
SEEPAGE, injuries from, 1164.
from a canal, 1164.
after construction, 1164.
SEISIN, covenant of, 56.
recovery of expenses of prior litigation on breach of covenant of,
238.
recoupment in action for breach of covenant of, 1053.
d. on covenant of, 966. See Real Covenants.
SEIZURE of chattels, injury to business or credit from, 127, 135, 467.
d. for, 565.
SELECTMENT, d. against, 562.
SELLER, failure of, to deliver machinery, 165.
action for negligence in building, 657.
SELLING AGENT, measure of d. for injury tp, 180 n.
3350 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
"SELLING SHORT," effect of, on market value, 249.
d. for wrongfully, 828.
SELLING VALUE, diminution of, 1101.
of property, 1164.
SENDER of telegram, action by, 877.
SENTIMENTAL annoyance, no recovery for, 46a.
d. caused by contemplation of disfigurement, 47 n.
SENTIMENTAL DAMAGE, no recovery for, 999s.
SENTIMENTAL LOSS, no recovery for, in action for death of parent, 577.
SENTIMENTAL VALUE, 251o.
SEPARATE contracts, 85a.
SEPARATION of grazing land from water, 1165.
SEQUESTRATION proceedings in Louisiana, 541.
SEQUESTRATION BOND, recovery on, 691d.
SERIES, of similar injuries, 84a.
SERVANT, wrongful discharge of, 205 n.
exemplary d. for loss of service of, 376.
master's liability in exemplary d. for act of, 378.
for negligence in hiring, 378, 380.
exemplary d. for tort of, 378.
corporation's liability, 380.
ratification of act of, as basis of exemplary d., 380o.
d. for enticement of, 469.
consequential d. for enticing, 470.
d. for maliciously procuring discharge of, 470a.
d. against, for improper work, 674.
SERVICE, action for wages accrued before wrongful discharge from, 85o.
recovery for probable futme loss of, 86c.
SERVICE, CONTRACT OF, avoidable consequences on, 206.
duty to seek emplojrment on breach of, 206, 207, 608, 667.
to accept employment offered by defendant, 222.
expense of obtaining other employment after breach of contract of,
226d.
liquidated d. for breach of, 407, 41^, 668.
recovery of expense of removing, on breach oi contract of, 607a.
where plaintiff departs before completion of, 658-662.
where infant departs before completion of, 663.
consequential d. for departure from, without notice, 137.
d. on breach of, 607, 664 et seq.
recovery of compensation upon, 664.
where no price fixed, 664.
limited to amount of bill presented, 664.
evidence of value of .services, 664a.
where servant is wrongfully discharged, 665.
entire d. for, 665, 666.
three courses open, 665.
prospective d. for, 666.
duty to seek employment, 667.
burden of proof, 667.
INDEX 3351
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SERVICE, CONTRACT 0¥— Continued.
reduction of d., 667.
employment terminable on notice, 668.
domestic service, 668.
compensation by share or percentage of an uncertain amount, 669.
where payable on contingency, 670.
by broker, 670.
services rendered in expectation of compensation, 671.
interruption of service by unavoidable cause, 672.
services rendered on a contract rescinded by mutual consent, 673.
by an infant, 673a.
under an agreement within the statute of frauds, 6736.
under a void agreement, 673c.
voluntarily, 673(f.
outside the scope of employment, 673e.
recovery by party in default, 673/.
remedy of master for improper service, 674.
consequential d. for breach of, 675.
expense of obtaining employment, 675.
arrest of servant, 675.
auctioneer's expenses, 675.
detention in foreign port, 675.
the EngUsh workmen's compensation act, 675a.
recoupment on, 1064, et seq.
plaintiff may bring suit before term of, 90.
SERVICE, LOSS OE', for residue of term of apprentice, 91.
exemplary d. in actions for, 376.
consequential d. for, 450.
aggravation of d. for, 479.
mitigation of d. for, 480.
excessive d. for, 1365.
by enticement of servant, 449.
of adult child, recovery for, 576.
of child, recovery by parent for, 486c.
by injury to child, 486c.
during minority, in action for death, 575.
by seduction of daughter, 473.
■ of wife, recovery by husband for loss of, 486a.
by seduction, d. for, 478-480.
by criminal conversation, 478.
by alienation of affection, 480a.
in action for death, 578.
SERVICES, value of, 107a, 255.
estimated by the jury, 171a. .
evidence of value of, 1303.
nominal d. in actions for, 106.
recovery of value of, in avoiding loss, 226i.
interest on unliquidated claim for, 312.
breach of agreement to allow payment of debt by, 622o
to pay for, in stock, 627o.
3352 nsTDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SERVICEB— Continued.
quantum meruit for, 650.
compensation for, after expiration of term of employment, 664.
rendered in expectation of payment, 671.
action against attorney for failure to perform, 831.
agent entitled to compensation for, 834a.
d. on breach of contract to give land in exchange for, 1020.
SERVITUDE, additional, on highway, 1120.
imposition of, on property, 1116.
additional, of telephone and telegraph line, 11496^
SET OFF, in action on bonds, 681.
reduction of d. on replevin bond by, 691a.
origin of doctrine of, 1031.
object of statutes of, 1031.
at law, 1031.
exists only for claim ex contractu, 1031..
equitable, 1032.
difference between recoupment and, 1033.
SETTLEMENT, interest from demand for, 314.
of debt, breach of contract to secure, 622a.
SETTING ASIDE VERDICT for exemplary d., grounds for, 388.
in general, 1319.
SETTING BACK of houses, 1165.
of sewage, 1166d.
SEVERABLE CONTRACTS, 636^.
SEVERANCE of land, 1080.
d. for, 1099.
SEVERANCE FROM FREEHOLD, d. for, 500-504.
conflict of authority as to measure of d. for, 600.
of coal, 501, 502, 503, 935, 936.
English rule, 501.
of trees, 502, 503, 504, 933, 934.
restricted rule, 502.
of growing crops, 502.
not made in good faith, 503.
general rule in America, 503.
sale by wanton trespasser, 504.
whether distinction in d. for, between trespass and trover, 934.
of buildings, 935a.
of minerals, 935.
of other things, 935&.
SEWAGE, dischar^g of, by city, causing nuisance, 95.
works, taking of lands for, 1102.
flow of, through land, 1123.
water, 1166d.
setting back, 1166rf.
SEWER, d. for construction of, 95.
access to, deprivation of, 1093.
purposes,, taking of land for, 1110 n.
negUgent construction of, 1110 ra.
INDEX 3353
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SEWER— Continued.
location of, 1112.
construction of, 1119.
laying of, 1123 n.
conversion of stream into, 1149 n.
gas, danger from, 116Sc.
new, expense in making connection with, 1166d.
SEWING MACHINES, employed to sell, entitled to what d. for, 834c.
SHADE TREES, destruction of, 1167 n.
removal of, 1122.
SHAFTS, contract right to sink in land for minerals, 1097.
SHAME, caused by wrongful act of physician, 47.
compensation for sense of, 47.
recovery for, in action for false imprisonment, 462.
in action for seduction, 473.
for sense of, in action for personal injury, 484.
in action for breach of promise of marriage, 6386.
: on eviction from leased premises, 988o.
SHAPE OF LAND, d. from inconvenient, 1164.
SHARE, in profit of business, contracts for, 193.
breach of contract for, 625.
of crop, lease, of farm for, 989.
breach of contract to cultivate farm on, 624.
SHARES, value of bank, inid. See Stock, Corporate.
SHEEP, action for conversion of, 170a, n.
d. for breach of warranty of, 765.
recoupment in action for price of, 1060.
SHEEP GROWING, profits of, 182a;, n.
SHELTER to cattle, d. for loss of, 685/.
whether passenger should obtain, on wrongful expulsion from train, 872.
SHERIFF may reduce d- for wrongful seizure by showing subsequent legal seiz-
ure, 60.
becoming trespasser ab initio, 61.
action against, for illegal seizure, 60.
for informal sale, 61.
recovery by, 76, 79.
recovery against owner, 78.
in replevin, 77.
neglecting to return an execution, nominal d., 103.
trespass against deputy, 175.
interest on money retained by, 303.
exemplary d. against, 363.
d., for fraud in sa.le by, 440.
d. against, for failure to attach, 550.
for failure to arrest, 551.
for escape from arrest, 552 et seq.
for taking insufficient bail or surety, 655.
for failure to return, 556.
for false return, 557.
for other breaches of duty, 558.
3354 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SHERIFF— Continued.
bond to indemnify, 684o.
recovery by, on replevin bond, 691fc, n.
no recovery on bond of, for taxes in arrear, 692a.
recovery on bond of, 692t.
recovery for wrongful levy by, 802.
recoupment against, 1041.
SHERIFF'S SALE, as evidence of value, 1298.
SHIP, contract to build, 164.
recoupment in action for price of building, 1038.
SHIRTINGS, d. for non-deUvery of, 734.
SHOCK, to nervous system, 47.
nervous, compensation for, against carrier of passengers, 861, 866.
in action for injury to passenger, 861.
caused by risk of injury, 866.
"SHORT." See "Selling Short."
SHOULDER, excessive d. for breaking, 1349.
SHOW, exhibition of wares at, 164.
goods intended for exhibition at, 200.
SHRINKAGE in weight of cattle, compensation for, 854.
SIC VTERE TUO UT ALIENUM NON LMDAS, 104.
SICKNESS, special d. for, caused by stagnant water, 35 n.
recovery for, by woman seduced, 477.
loss of time by, 1166d.
SIDE-TRACK, location of, 1109.
on street, building of, 1123.
SIDE WAI/K, cost of repair, 226d, n.
d. for breach of contract to build, 615 n., 620 n.
d. for excavation in, 802.
d. for removal of, 944.
change of grade in, 1122.
narrowing of, 1123 n.
destruction of, 1123 n.
cutting down, 1149 n.
SIGHT, excessive d. for destruction or impairment of, 1359.
SIGN BOARDS, expense of, 1152a.
SIGNALS, cost of maintaining, whether recoverable in eminent domain, 1152a.
SIGNATURE of note, estoppel to deny, 708.
SIGNIFICATION, legal, of "property," 1117.
SINGER, profits from, not recoverable on breach of contract to lease opera
house, 185.
SISTER, no presumption of loss by, in action for death, 584a.
d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death of, 8946.
SITE for ferry landing, 11716.
for basement bam, 11716.
bridge, value of land for, 1171e.
SIZE of cars, change in, 1149 n.
SKATING RINK, ejection from premises used as, 182 n,
SKILL, value of, 255.
in saving property, considered in amount of salvage, 599c,
INDEX 3365
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SKILL — Continued.
neglect of agent to use for principal, 828.
recoupment for lack of, in construction, 1036, 1067.
against surgeon, 1037.
against attorney, 1037.
SKINS, d. in dyeing, 6336, n.
SKULL, excessive d. for fracture of, 1351.
SLANDER, causing mental pain, not subject for special d., 43.
recovery for, 47.
when subject for compensation, 52.
no evidence of words after beginning of action, 88.
affecting trade or profession, 171a.
no interest in action for, 316.
exemplary d. for, 377.
may be shown in aggravataion of breach of promise of marriage, 639a.
special d. in action for, 1271.
verdict for, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
inadequate d. for, 1370.
See Defamation.
of title, d. for, 455.
expense of litigation caused by, 241.
SLANDEROUS words, action for, though no money lost, 97.
SLAVE, recovery for wounded feelings casued by malicious beating of, 44a.
letting of, for specific time, 68c.
death of, during replevin proceedings, 691.
d. for breach of warranty of, 765, 772.
d. for fraud in sale of, 777.
recoupment in action for hire of, 1063.
SLEEPING CARS, measure of d. in action against, 873a.
SLEIGH, evidence of value of, 1302.
SLIDING of land, causing, 1117 w.
SLIGHT liOSS, d. for, not nominal, 96.
SMALL d. confused with nominal d., 96 n.
SMALLPOX, communicated by warranted rags, 766.
d. against lessee for using premises as hospital for, 999^.
SMART MONEY. See Exemplary Damages.
SMELL, d. for unwholesome or disagreeable, caused by nuisance, 948.
offensive, li66d.
SMOKE, compensation for, 42.
polluting air, 95.
of trains; 1102.
whether new burden, 1152a.
from railroad operation, 1120, 1123.
d. from, 1121, 1123 n., 1164, 1165, 1165o.
injury from, 1164, 1165.
annoyance from, 1164.
SOCIAL condition of parties, as affecting exemplary d., 385.
message, no recovery for mental suffering for non-delivery of, in Alar
bama, 894a.
position, recovery for loss of, 50.
3356 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SOCIAL — Continued.
affecting d. for defamation, 445.
of defendant aggravates d. for libel or slander, 445.
of plaintiff may aggravate d. for libel or slander, 445.
compensation for injury to, on breach of promise of marriage,
639.
loss of, may be shown in action for breach of promise of marriage,
639a.
standing, exemplary d. for injury to, 51.
recovery for loss of, in malicious prosecution, 458.
d. for loss of, in action for seduction, 477.
loss of, 638.
SOCIETY, of child, loss of, 48.
of family, loss of, 48.
of wife, loss of, 48.
compensation for loss of standing in, 50.
no evidence of value of loss of, 171a.
of family, compensation for loss of, 458.
recovery for loss of, by malicious prosecution, 458.
of wife, recovery for loss of, in action for criminal conversation, 478.
of husband, d. for loss of, in action for alienation of affection, 480&.
of wife, recovery for loss of, 486a.
of child, no compensation for loss of, 486c.
loss of, not compensated in statutory action for death, 573a.
husband cannot recover for, in d. for death, 573o.
no recovery for loss of, in d. for death, 573a.
of husband, widow cannot recover for loss of, 578.
SOIL, d. or removal of, 939.
loss of future deposits of, 1120.
character of, llQQc.
SOLATIUM, no recovery for, in action for death, 573a.
in the Scotch law, 355.
SOIjICITOR, value of services found by jury, 171a, n.
SOLICITOR'S DOCKET, vahie of, 261.
SON, enticing of, 91.
SON-IN-LAW, d. for failure to dehver message announcing sickness or death of,
8945.
SOOT, throwing, on property, 1116.
d. from, 1123 v., 1165.
of trains, whether new burden, 1152a.
SOUTH CAROLINA, statute of, making telegraph companies liable for mental
suffering, 45a, n.
law of, as to higher intermediate value, 515.
rule in, for d. on breach of covenant of warranty, 959.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
SOUTH DAKOTA, meaning of "or damaged" in, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1145.
SPARKS, escape of, whether cause of action, 33.
from locomotive, 1164.
as element of d., 1165.
INDEX 3357
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SPECIAL purpose for which goods are needed, 164.
use for information, notice of, 166, 169.
use for money, 168.
need of promptness, 169a.
SPECIAL AVERMENT of mesne profits, 905.
of waste or injury to freehold in action for mesne profits, 910.
SPECIAL BENEFITS, what are, 1130, 1165&.
allowance of, 1170.
SPECIAL BOND, recovery against executor or administrator on, 692;.
of guardian for sale of real estate, 092fc.
SPECIAL DAMAGES, 1105, 1165a, 1261.
and general, distinction between, 1123 n.
under statutes, 1076.
in Illinois, 1121.
must be alleged, 1261.
in actions for injuries to real estate, 1265.
for breach of contract, 1266.
for breach of promise of marriage, 639.
for delay in delivery of machine, 735c.
from delay in delivery of goods, 856o.
against carriers, 1267.
for injury to personal property, 1268.
for loss of business, 1269.
market, 1269.
time, 1269.
particular contract, 1269.
business venture, 1269.
hay, 1269.
for personal injury, 1270.
against sheriff, 1270.
for loss of opportunity of marriage, 1270.
for imitation of trade-marks, 1270.
sickness caused by, 1270.
medical expenses, 1270.
pain, 1270.
mental suffering, 1270.
slander, 1270.
malicious prosecution, 1270.
false imprisonment, 1270.
bad condition of jail, 1270.
loss of time, 1270.
wages, 1270.
particularity required in allegation of, 1270a.
for other torts, 1271.
in action for death, 584a.
waste or injury to the freehold, 910.
necessary for recovery for public nuisance, 946.
SPECIAL FACTS, known to defendant, 146.
SPECIAL FINDINGS, 1149 n.
SPECIAL INJURY, 1117.
3358- INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SPECIAL OWNER. See Owner, Special.
SPECIAL PURPOSES, value for, 11716.
SPECIAL RULES on compensation, in England, 1100.
SPECIAL TRAIN, no recovery for mental suffering on failure to provide, 45o.
expense of, whether recoverable, 226A:.
SPECIAL VALUE of land for railroad purposes, 1171.
of property to owner, 1171e.
See Value.
SPECIAL USE, value of land for, 1018.
SPECIFIC MONEY ACT, 270.
SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE, when suit at law becomes suit for, 4.
not barred by liquidation of d., 426.
of contract to issue policy of insurance, 727.
to convey land, d. in suit for, 1021.
suits for recovery of. See Detinue; Replevin.
SPECIFIC RELIEF, equity gives, 3.
SPECIFICATIONS, departure from, 658.
SPECULATION, loss of opportunity to engage in, 200.
effect of, on market value, 249, 265.
SPECULATIVE, future d. for death are necessarily, 574.
consequences, 172.
d., 1123o, 1163.
not recoverable on injunction bond, 6855.
loss, not recoverable for breach of contract, 610.
from error in transmitting telegram, 888.
caused by illegal distraint, not recoverable, 990a.
not recoverable in action for fraud in sale of land, 1027a.
d. for, 888. See Certainty of Proof.
value of land not allowed, 1018.
SPEED of trains, whether new burden, 1152a.
SPENDING, habits of, considered in actions for death, 574o.
SPINE, excessive d. for fracture of, 1350.
SPLITTING demand for d., 1109.
SPOUTS, projecting, 11666.
SPRING, pumping water from, 91 n.
defect in, 164a.
failure of title to take water from, 975.
cutting off percolating water from, 1120 n.
loss of use of, 1164.
taking land containing, 1165.
SPRINGS, defect in, 164a.
SQUIB, action for throwing lighted, 115.
STAGNANT WATER, pools of, 1165.
STAKE HOLDER, where chargeable with interest, 305.
STALLION, sold for breeding purposes, 164a.
injured, probable profits could be shown, 195.
agreement to furnish, but a substitute was furnished, 200.
STAND for public house, 11716.
STANDARD OF VALUE. See Payment, Medium of.
adoption of new, 268.
INDEX 3359 ,
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
STANDARD OF YALVE—Cmtinued.
double, 269.
STANDING in the community, recovery for loss of, in action for breach of
promise of marriage, 6386.
social. See Social Standing.
STATE, interest on claim against, 338.
■ official bond runs to, 692.
STATE TREASURER, recovery on bond of, 692/.
STATED DAMAGES, same as liquidated d., 391.
STATEROOM, failure to provide, causing sickness, 45o.
STATION, failure to stop at, 45.
recovery for fear caused by accident before reaching, 47;
false representation on sale of land for, 186 n.
breach of contract to erect, 186 n.
railway, breach of contract to construct, 194, 630.
d. for carrying beyond, 212, 864a.
breach of contract to locate, 620 n.
to erect, 630.
failure to deliver telegram to meet traveller at, 8816.
establishment of, is special benefit, 1130.
STATUES, value of, 822 n.
STATUTE, no recovery of counsel fees in actions based on, 235a.
interest given by, in England, 289.
frequently regulates recovery of interest in America, 293, 294.
rate of interest established by, 324a.
exemplary d. in actions based on, 377a.
regulating Uquidated d., 426a.
provision by, for survival of action for personal injuries, 5706.
provision by, for survival of d. for death, 571.
d. for death may depend on peculiarity of, 674a.
bond given under, must conform strictly to requirements, 680.
furnishes measure of d. for breach of bond given under it, 680.
determines amount of recovery on official bond, 692.
providing for recovery against sheriff, 592i.
authorizing re-exchange on notes and checks, 700o.
forbidding limitation of liability on poUcy of insurance, 726.
recovery of balance for improvements in action for mesne profits per-
mitted by, 915.
in Wisconsin, as to cutting trees, 934a.
regulating set off, 1031.
wrongful act outside of, 1100.
failure to comply with, 1110 ra.
rule of d. in, 1112(i.
in Minnesota on appraisal of lands, 1112a, n.
limit of time for claiming d. under, 1151 n.
STATUTE OF FRAUDS, recovery for services rendered on agreement void by,
6736.
d. on failure to convey land because of, 1012a.
STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS, 866.
recoverj' for counsel fees paid after barred by, 236 n.
3360 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS— Conimiierf.
interest on debt after new promise, 302.
recovery of debt barred by, pending injunction, 685g.
effect of, on right to contribution, 807.
against recovery of mesne profits, 914.
effect of, on recovery for incumbrances, 978.
no recovery of expense of extinguishing incumbrance barred by, 980.
STATUTES, fixing recovery on policy of insurance against fire, 722a.
d. under, 1076.
double and treble d. under, 1076.
authorizing public works, 1077.
English, on eminent domain, 1078.
benefits under English, 1103.
on change of street grade, 1112o.
on elevated railroad, 1112a, n.
on eminent domain, in Massachusetts, 1119.
as to benefit, 1131.
local, 1167.
STATUTORY BONDS. See Bokds, 680 et seq.
injunction bond is, 685.
STATUTORY DAMAGES. See Civil Damage Statutes.
application of principle of avoidable consequences to, 217.
STAY BOND, d. against surety on, 806.
STAY OFPROCEEDINGS on bringing property into court, 54.
in actions on bonds, 6756.
STEALING of fruit, danger of, 1165c.
STEAM, cost of substituting for water power, 1164.
STEAM ENGINE, agreement to deliver at certain time, 145.
d. for not furnishing, 276.
STEAM POWER, recoupment for failure to furnish, 1057.
STEAM RAILROAD in street, 1123.
STEAMBOAT, price of, 190.
d, for delay in completing, 657.
recovery for failure to provide agreed stateroom, causing sickness, 45a.
STEEL, d. for breach of warranty of, 766.
STEEL PIjANT, contract to erect and operate on land conveyed, 186 n.
STENOGRAPHER, recovery by, 171 n.
for salary during illness, 672.
STEPS projecting, 1166b.
to reduce loss, 1172a.
STEREOTYPE plates, value of, 250.
STIPULATED DAMAGES. See Liquidated Damages.
use of term not conclusive, 406, 408.
STIPULATIO DUPLEX, 393.
STIPULATION for limitation of Uability, whether vaUd, 851.
of amount of d. See Liquidated Damages.
STIPULATIONS in admiralty, 598.
STOCK, killed by failure to fence, single recovery for, 84a.
action for killing, 856, n.
nominal d., 107o, n.
INDEX 3361
[References are to sections, d. means damaga; 7i. nXcias note.]
STOCK— Cmtinued.
deterioration in, 165.
frightening of, 1165.
liability for killing, 116.5c.
of goods, value of, 248a.
STOCK BOOK, action for refusal to allow inspection of, 103 n.
STOCK BROKERS' ACCOUNTS^ interest on, by custom, 311.
STOCK, CORPORATE, payment for service in preferred, 192.
agreement to pool, 200.
replacement after breach of contract to carry or purchase, 228o.
contract for carrj'ing on a margin, 228d, 228e.
decline in value of after conversion, 228/.
value of share of, 257, 735a.
contract payable in, 276.
interest upon failure to return borrowed, 313o.
interest for failure to return on demand, 313a.
fraud in dealing with, 439/i.
d. for fraudulent issue or transfer of, 439ft.
conversion of certificate of, 494.
whether liigher intermediate value recoverable in action for refusal to
transfer or deliver, 507, 508/514, 517, 519.
conversion of, 509.
specific performance of contract for delivery of, 509 n.
d. for breach of contract to carry, 523.
detinue for certificate of, 527.
recovery of dividends on replevin of, 539.
contract for payment in, 611.
breach of contract to supply worthless, 619.
contract to subscribe for, 627.
call on, 627.
breach of contract to buy, sell, or transfer, 627a.
d. for failure to deliver, 736, 744-749.
d. for refusal to repurchase, 754.
d. against agent to deal in, 827.
d. for breach of warranty of value of, 763.
d. for fraud in sale of, 778, 779.
avoidable consequences of wrongful sale of, 815.
agent to deal in, 828.
loss in dealings in, by failure to transmit telegram, 882.
loss of sale of, through failure to transmit telegram, 883.
d. for breach of waiTanty where land given for, 965.
recoupment in action of trover for, 1044.
market value of, 1171d.
STOCKHOLDER, action by, 170.
interest on liability of, 301a.
interest on assessment upon, 301a.
actions against, 627.
injunction against removing property of corporation from state by, 6S5o.
not liable for negligence of directors, 830.
STOCK IN TRADE, conversion of, 182n.
211
3362 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
STONE, d. for breach of contract to supply, 617.
value of, 1166c.
throwing, on adjacent land, 1111.
STOP, failure of train to, 45.
STOP-OVER TICKET, d. for failure of conductor to furnish, 865.
STORAGE BASIN, land taken for, 1171e.
STORE, contract to erect and maintain, 186 n.
STORING GOODS, pending injunction, recovery of cost of, 685A.
STORM, on certain day, causing loss, 151.
loss by, whether recoverable, 151.
STOVE, recoupment in action for price of, 1039.
"STRADDLE," d. for wrongfully closing, 828.
STRAW, d. for refusal to receive, 763.
d. for breach of contract not to sell, from leased farm, 999J;.
STREAM, navigable, obstruction of, 35.
obstruction of, 88.
wrongfully obstructed, 93.
diversion of, without actual d., 100.
value of, 1085.
of water, diversion of, 1107.
obstruction of, by railway, 1112.
conversion of, into sower, 1149 n.
right to flow of, 1149a.
STREET, liquidated d. on breach of contract to lay out, 416.
d. for breach of contract to grade, 618 n.
breach of contract to put in good condition, 020 n.
contract of railroad to keep in repair, 999/!.
d. for changing grade of, 217, 1120, 1122 n.
closing of, 1090.
widening of, 1102.
depreciation in value of abutting land by running trams on, 1102.
obstructed by shedding of water, 1107a, n.
repairs to, 1108 n.
use of, 1108 n.
granting location on to railroad, 1108 n.
building approach to viaduct across, 1109 n.
taking of land for, 1110 n., 1149&.
filling, to old grade, 1112o, n.
embankment in, 1112a, n.
acceptance or adoption of, 1112a., n.
grading of, 1113, 1115, 1117 n., 1122.
grading, consequential d. due to, 1120.
tunnel under, 1116.
abutting, elevated railway on, 1117.
operation of railroad in, 1117, 1123.
opening, consequential d. due to, 1120.
construction of elevated railroad on, 1121 n.
opening, across railroad track, 1121 n.
obstnjction of, 1123.
building of railroad in, 1123.
INDEX 3363
[References are to seetions, d. means damage; n. mean? note.]
STREET— Continued.
d. from closing of, 1 123.
closing of public or established, 112.3.
building of sidetrack on, 1123.
destruction of access by excavs^tions in, 1123.
steam railroad in, 112:3.
cutting down abutting, 1123.
excavations in distant, 1123.
interference with easement in, 1123.
deprivation of easement in, 1123 n.
altering natural grade of, 1123 n.
building of quarry r^lroad in, 1123 «.
assessment of benefits for change of grade of, 1128.
railroad in, 1149 «.
recognition of land as, by deed, 11496.
opening of, through undevfJopfd la^d, 1150.
taking of fee in existing, 1150.
widening of, 1151.
laying out pf, 1151 n.
discontinuance of, 1151 n.
estabUshment of, across railrostd, 1152?.
across railroad yard, llS^a.
projections in, 1166b.
measure of d. for illegal use of, 1180-1211.
municipal corporatioit, IIS^.
not responsible for grading, 1182-
use of, by horse railroads, 1183:
by steam railroads, 1184.
use of, constituting a nuisanee, 1184.
excessive or exclusive use of, 1184.
ownership in, 1185, 1194.
STREET GRADE, change of, 1110 n., 1120, H2l «., 1123 «., 1H96, 1151 n.,
11656, 1168 n.
lowering of, by railroad, 11 12 n.
raising of, 1123 n.
statutes on change of, 1112a.
change of, in KangaSj 1112a, «.
STREET IMPROVEMENTS, 1123 n.
STREET RAILROAD, breach of contract to ooiwtruct, 186 n.
not new burden on highway, 1152a.
d. for construction of, 1123 »•
STREET OPENINGS, recovery of benefits for, 1128.
STREETS, easements in. See Easewnt?.
STRIKE, intemiption of service by, 672 h.
STRIP through factory, taking of, 1149 n.
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE, 1Q92.
d. to buildings, 1096.
STRUCTURE, private, or other work on land, 93.
erection of causing injury, 95.
failure to put on land, 186.
3364 INDEX
{References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
STRUCTURE— Conimwed.
of improvement, change in, 1109.
railroad, d. from, 1149 n.
in elevated railway cases, 1187.
SUB-AGENT, liability of, to agent, 833.
SUB-CONTRACT, d. for loss of, 156, 157, 161, 162, 163.
notice of, 161.
but not of price, 163.
avoidable consequences, 220.
expenses of litigation on, whether recoverable, 240.
value as affected by, 433.
evidence of, as affecting the value of chattels, 506.
d. for loss of, 614.
effect of, on d. for breach of contract for construction, 642.
d. for breach of, 648o.
price receivable on, whether recoverable on non-delivery, 740.
recovery for loss of, within contemplation of parties, 767.
d. for loss of, in action for breach of warranty, 770.
loss of, whether remote on non-delivery by carrier, 850.
d. against carrier for loss of, 850.
SUB-CONTRACTOR, d. for, or against, 648a.
SUB-LESSEE, liability of, to lessee, for costs on contract to repair, 992,
1000.
SUB-TENANT, contract to indemnify against claim of, 794.
d. for loss of, by breach of covenant to repair, 992.
SUBMISSION to award, d. for revocation of, 687.
SUBSCRIPTION, of large amount of money will not reduce d., 67.
for stock, action upon, 627.
d. for breach of contract to allow opportunity for, 627a.
SUBDIVISIONS, availability of, for city lots, 1165b.
SUBSEQUENT action, 1149 n.
'^ ■' loss, no recovery for, 84i
purchaser, action by, 1175.
taker, leased to, 1105.
user, d. from, 1095.
SUBSIDING of surface, danger of, 1166c.
SUBSTANTIAL d., distmguished from nominal, 96.
performance of obligation, 657.
SUBSTITUTE, expense of procuring, 2269.
better than original, 226A.
SUBSTITUTED PERFORMANCE, recovery of cast of, 618.
SUBSTITUTION, of raih-oad f or plank-road, 1109.
of trestle for embankment, 1152.
of steam for water power, cost of, 1164.
SUBWAY, construction of, 1151 n.
SUCCESS, necessary for recovery of salvage, 599c.
SUCCESSIVE actions on covenant against incumbrances, 968.
breaches, 89.
bonds, Uabilities on, 692d.
injuries, compensation for liability to, 942.
INDEX 3365
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SUCCESSIVE— Coraa-nwei.
performances of contract, 636^.
verdicts, not lightly set aside, 1327.
SUFFERANCE, tenant by, cannot recover compensation in eminent domain
proceedings, 1157.
SUFFERING. See Mental Suppeeing, Pain.
SUGAR, d. for delay in transportation of, 855.
SUGAR CANE, on overflowed land, 191.
SUIT, expense of carrying on, 229.
operates as demand for payment, 314.
d. for malicious prosecution of, 468.
against oflBcer on bond consolidated, 692.
contract to indemnify against, 795.
no recovery for expense of, when unnecessary, 804.
d. for neglect to defend, 831.
d. for bringing unauthorized, 839.
See Action.
d. after bringing. See Pbospective Damages.
SUM, arbitrary, fixed as d., 1076.
SUMMER boarding house, availability of land for, 11716.
residence, property used as, 1171c.
SUNDAY, profits derived from business done on, 1825.
SUPERSEDEAS BOND, d. on, 688.
SUPERVISORS of town, d. in action against, 562.
SUPPORT, prospective d. for breach of agreement to, 89, 90.
of plaintiff for life, 90.
right of, 93o.
of husband, d. for, in action for alienation of affection, 480b.
recovery for loss of, through death, 575-578.
recovery by minor for loss of, 577.
breach of contract for, during life, 633a.
continuing contract to, 636i.
bond to, &75d, n.
lateral, removal of, 1110 n., 1123 n., 1149a.
recovery for loss of, under Civil Damage Act, 1249.
from coal strata for pipe line, 1166c.
of child, recovery for, 486e.
SUPPORT OF LAND, easement of, d. after writ for infringement of, 91.
d. for loss of, 925.
injury to, 1116.
by coal-bearing land, 1166c.
SUPPOSED benefits, not allowed in New York, 1130a.
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, rule in, for allowance of
interest, 322.
for rate of interest on overdue paper, 327.
on exemplary d. against corporations, 380.
on higher intermediate value in, 513.
for fraud in sale of goods, 778.
for recoupment, 1039.
what constitutes eviction in, 956.
3366 INDEX
[References are to sections, 4. means damage; n. means note.]
SURETY. See Principal and Surety.
when entitled to interest, 304.
recovers interest on money paid for pripcipal, 3ft4.
action against sherifi for taking insuffieiwt, 355.
breach of contract to become, 618 n., 622c.
expense of securing on boiid, where recoverable, &91c.
liability of, on official bopd, 681a.
on bond of receiver of public moneys, 692.
on bond of financial officer, 692/.
on bond of officer of corporation, 694.
has no action until he pays debt, 78S.
cannot call on principal till he has paid debt, 785.
payment by note, 796, 797,
action against co-surety for contribution, 797, 807.
recovery by, upon payment by note, 797, 798.
on payment by bond, 798.
by land or goods, 800.
must be accepted as paymrait in full, 798.
paying debt for less than face only recovers expenditure, 801.
paying usurious interest, 801,
of Ktigation expeiwes, 803.
not Uable for costs of action against principal, 803, 805.
must not incur expense for unnecessary suit, 804.
whether must give notice of suit, 805,
right of, to contribution, 807, 807a.
effect of insolvency of, 8076.
costs against co-surety, 808.
on sequestration bond, 106.
interest on money payable by, 302a.
bound by judgment against principal, 681o.
on bonds, action against, 681a.
not liable in exemplary d., 681a.
on official bond defined by law, 692o.
on executor's bond, liability of, 6926.
on official .bond, liability of, 6926.
on cumulative bonds, hability of, for ccQitribution, 602c.
on bond, whether released by approval of officer's accounts, 692/.
on bond of cashier, liability of, 694.
right of, to take advantage of partial payments, 6956.
liability of, on special bond of executor or administrq,tor, 692^.
on bail bond, recovery of expenses by, 806.
SURETYSHIP, d. for breach of contract of, 784.
contract of, 784 et seg. See Principal and Surety.
SURFACE, support of, by coal-bearing land, 1166c.
subsiding, danger of, 1166c.
SURFACE WATER, damming pf, 1109.
escape of, prevented, 1116 n.
throwing on property, 1117.n.
d. from, 1123.
turning on land, 1123 n.
INDEX 3367
[Refereaoes are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
SURFACE WATmi— Continued.
obstruction of, 1165.
preventing flow of, 1166d.
turning on land, 1166d.
SURGEON, action against, for negligence in healing plaintiff's broken leg, 86c.
for malpractice, 103.
recoupment for unskilful treatment by, 1037.
SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS, whether baggage, 873 n.
SURGICAL OPERATION, one injured not obliged to submit to dangerous, 218.
d. for danger of suffering from, in the future, 226o.
excessive d. because of, 13.52.
SURRENDER POSSESSION, d. on breach of covenant in lease to, 999j
SURVEY of wreck, expense of, in admiralty, 589.
SURVIVAL, of exemplary d., 362.
SWITCH, contract to repair, 636;j.
location of, 1109.
SWITCHING YARD, d. to, 1121 n.
SWITCHMAN, injured on raiboad, 172.
cost of maintaining, whether recoverable in eminent domain, 1152a.
SYMPATHETIC mental suffering, no recovery for, 439.
SYMPATHY, undue, verdict set aside for, 1326.
TABLES OF MORTALITY, in elevated railway cases, 1201.
"TAKEN," meaning of, 1116.
TAKER, lease to subsequent, 1105.
benefit of cutting to, 1150.
TAIL,tenants for, 74.
TAKING OF PROPERTY by eminent domain, 108Q, 1106, 1113, 1120, 1149,
1170.
of lands, measure of d., 1080.
of churchyards, 1081.
of fee, 1084, 1114.
of leaseholds, 1084.
of pubEc-house, 1084, 1085, 1105.
of land for reservoir purposes, 1085.
or garden, 1086.
of land in part, 1099.
of lands for sewage works, 1102.
of life interest in mineral land, 1105.
of land leased back to lessor, 1105.
of property, compensation for, 1106.
of private property, 1107.
of buildings, 1107.
of easement, 1107.
of franchise, 1107.
of timber, 1107.
of materials for construction of canal, 1107.
kind of property subject to, 1107.
of land for sewer purposes, 1110 n.
of land for street, 1110 m.
3368 IIJDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
TAKING OF PROPERTY— Conimaed.
of land, under New York constitution, 1113.
of property, what is, 1114.
of beneficial enjoyment, 1114.
of right of way for railroad, 1114, 1166c, 11715.
further, 1116.
in California, 1116.
in Maryland, 1116.
in New York, 1116.
of fee in highway, 1119 n., Il50.
of railroad location, 1119 n.
of waters of great ponds, 1119.
of property, under Illinois constitution of 1870, 1121.
of railroad right of way, by telegraph company, 1149 n.
of strip through factory, 1149 n.
of value, 1149 n., 1166c.
of telegraph right of way over railroad right of way, 1149 n.
of land, for railroad, 1149 n., 1151 n.
injiuy short of, 1149.
of land in highway, 11496.
of land for street, 11496.
of iiUed land, 1151.
time of, 1151.
of land for reservoir purposes, 1151 n.
possession without assessment of d., 1151 n.
of right of way across railroads, 1152a
of land for dam, 1162.
for reservoir, 1162.
of bridge property, 1163.
of land containing spring of water, 1165.
of oil-bearing land, 1166c.
of land for levee purposes, 1166d.
of timber land, 1167 n.
of fruit trees, 1167 n.
of house, 1169.
of land for bridge, 1171o.
of farm under Flowage Act, 11715.
of land by town for water purposes, 11716.
to widen river, 11716.
of country church, 11716.
of turnpike road for highway, 1171d.
of land for portage railway, 1171e.
for storage basin, 1171e.
of bridges, 1173.
of ferries, 1173.
of turnpikes, 1173.
of water works by city under contract, 1173.
of land by railroad, 1175.
of grade, 1178.
TAIjENT of person injured may be shown, 485o.
INDEX 3369
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
TANNING, value of liquor used for, 252.
TAX, power to, in form of assessment of benefits, 1128.
TAX LIST, d. for refusal to place judgments on, 562.
TAX WARRANT, recovery on bond for failure to turn over, 692/.
TAXATION, valuation for, 242.
TAXES, interest on, 332.
illegally assessed, interest on, 303.
d. in action against collector of, 562.
paid during attachment, not recoverable on bond, 682.
embezzlement of, by sheriff, 682a.
whether amount of, included in recovery on policy of fire insurance, 720,
722.
amount of, included in whisky in bond, 722.
contract to pay, 789.
agreement of lessee to pay, 789.
d. against .agent for failure to pay, 829.
deduction from mesne profits on account of payment of, 909, 918.
allowance for payment of, in action for mesne profits, 918.
d. for breach of agreement by lessee to pay, 999fc.
not subject to set off, 1031.
TAXING POWER involved in street openings, 1128.
TEA MERCHANT, no evidence of profits allowed, 181.
TEACH, d. for breach of contract to, 618 n.
TEACHER, contract to employ, at fixed salary, 1075, n.
injury to, 180, 860.
d. for breach of contract to employ, 607 n.
recovery by, of salary though school closed, 672.
evidence of value of time of, 860.
TEAMS, frightening of, 1165c.
TELEGRAM, non-delivery of, announcing death, 47.
failure to deliver, 107a, 170 n.
negligence in transmitting, 1076.
consequential d. on delay or failure to deliver, 151.
after notice, 169.
ordering purchase, 200.
error in transmission or failure to transmit, 208a.
d. for failure to deliver, 212a.
avoidable consequences, 204, 212a.
personal exposure caused by failure to deliver, 226j.
TELEGRAPH COMPANY, liability for mental pain of which forewarned,
45o.
operating messenger service, 154.
liable for loss of goods, 8736.
failure to deliver telegram to person accused of crime, 169.
notice of contemplated consequences, 169, 879.
failure to deliver, 171a.
avoidable consequences, 204, 212a, 895.
d. for negligence of,. 214.
exemplary d. against, 371a.
3370 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued.
nature of contract of, 874.
of liability of, 875.
not a carrier, 875.
right of, to make reasonable regulations, 876.
limitation of liability of, 876.
repetition of message, 876.
action against, by sender, 877.
by receiver, 878.
compensation for natural consequences only, 879.
notice, when held to be conveyed to, 879, 880.
consequential d. when recoverable against, 881.
expenditures caused by failure to deliver or misdelivery, 881a.
consequential physical injury, 8816.
d. against, for loss of intended purchase, 882.
for loss of intended sale, 883.
for error in transmitting amount of goods, 884.
price, 885.
conditions of purchase or sale, 886.
for loss of a debt, 887.
for speculative loss, 888.
uncertain d. not recoverable against, 889.
cipher messages, 890, 891.
commercial messages, 891.
direct loss through default of, 891, 892.
price of message recoverable, 893.
liability of, to d. for mental suffering, 894.
suggested difference between tort and contract, 894o.
relationship of plaintiff, 8946.
notice of relationship or of other circumstances, 894c.
what mental suffering is compensated, 894(i.
avoidable consequences, 895.
exemplary d. against, 896.
proximate cause, 897.
right of way of, 1149 n.
additional servitude of, 11495.
taking of right of way for, over railroad right of way, 1149 n.
condemnation of right of way for, along railroad, 1152a.
excessive d. in actions against, 1341.
the conflict of law as to d. in actions against, 1374.
TELEPHONE, hired for a year, 183.
offer to replace at higher rate after wrongful deprival of, 222.
d. for refusal to respond to call, 897o.
d. for wrongful removal of, 897o.
condemnation of right of way for, 1152a.
wires, d. by, 1167 n,
TELEPHONE COMPANY, neglect by, to transmit money, 168.
d. in action against, 897a.
for refusal to transmit message, by, 897a.
"TEMPERATE," jury must be, 171a.
INDEX 3371
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
TEMPORARY injunction, counsel fees for resisting motion for, 685fc.
interference with access, 1117 n.
injury, excessive d. for, 1347.
TENANT, recovery for injury to land, 69, 71.
See Lessee.
refusal of, to pay rent, 35 n.
loss of, by nuisance, 35 n.
in common of land, d. recoverable by, 75.
of chattels, 83.
of part of land injured, owner of rest, >856.
d. of, 87.
suit by, 209.
agreement of, to make repairs, 210.
injunction against interfering with, 685c.
exemplary d. against landlord for injury to premises, 373.
for life, recovery by, on fire policy, 725.
See Life-Tenant.
for years, insurable interest of, 725.
of land, recovery by, 926.
holding over, responsible for rent reserved, 999e.
may recoup for fraud of landlord in securing lease, 1056.
for life or years, may recover compensation in eminent domain proceed-
ings, 1154a.
at will, without title cannot recover in eminent domain proceedings,
1154a.
by sufferance, cannot recover compensation in eminent domain pro-
ceedings, 1157.
inconvenience to, 1165.
TENANT IN COMMON, suing for injury to property, 75; 83.
recovery by, on fire policy, 725.
liability of, for mesne profits, 906.
d. on accounting between, for severance from realty, 936.
of land, entitled to compensation in eminent domain proceedings, 1154a.
TENDER of goods, reduction of d. by, 54.
offer of, after conversion, 53.
interest barred byj 3406.
must be unconditional, 3406.
must be kept good, 3406.
of performance, how affecting d., 612o.
reduction of d. on replevin bond by, 691a.
subsequent to failure to deliver goods, 741.
of deed in court, 1028.
legal, 26d.
TENNESSEE, rule in, for A. on breach of covenant of warranty, 959.
for recoupment, 1039.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
remission of excess of verdict in, 1330.
TERM, compensation for value of, 987.
TERM OF OFFICE, limitation of recovery on official bond by reason of, 6926.
of officer of corporation, 694.
3372 INDEX
[References aje to sections, d. means damage; n. means note;]
TERMINUS at Fort Scott, agreement to make, 194.
TERMS OF SALE, d. against agent for making wrong, 823.
d. against telegraph company for error in transmitting, 886.
TERRITORY, breach of agreement to give exclusive, 607, 633,
d. of agent entitled to exclusive, 834d.
d. for invasion of exclusive, 1246a.
TERROR, caused by mental suffering, 43a.
TEST of element of value, 1171,.
TESTIMONY, verdict against Weight of. See Verdict.
TESTING warranted machine, recovery of expense of, 767.
TEXAS, doctrine of exemplary d. in, 359.
law of, as to higher intermediate value, 516c.
rule in, for recovery of d. for mental suffering, 894o.
constitution of, referred to, 1122.
meaning of "damage" in constitution, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1143.
remission of excess of verdict in, 1330.
THEATRE, contract to perform in, for share of proceeds, 1076, n.
refusal of admission to, 222 n., 607 n.
offer of equally good seat in, 222 n.
liquidated d. to secure actor's performance at, 398, 399.
liability of, for refusing to admit ticket holder, 8736.
excessive d. for expulsion from, 1343.
THEATRICAL COMPANY, d. for failure to transport, 843.
d. for delay in transportation of, 863.
THEATRICAL ENTERTAINMENT, profits of, 182a, n.
THEFT, loss by, at time of fire, recoverable on policy, 723a.
THEORY, of construction of lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1118.
THESIGER'S RULE, 1096.
application of, 1121.
adopted in Illinois, 1121.
THOROUGHFARE, obstruction of, 1105.
causing loss of use of, 35.
access to, 1093.
THREATS, how far expense is reasonable on account of, 226Z.
THRESHING replevied grain, deduction of cost of, 690.
THRESHING MACHINE, 195 n.
THROWING stones on adjacent land, 1111.
ashes, 1116.
cinders, 1116.
soot, 1116.
surface water, 1117 n.
earth and trees on land outside right of way, 1110 n.
TICKET, d. for negligence of conductor in failing to furnish stop over, 865.
TICKET SCALPING, profits of, 1826.
TICKETS, loss of sale of, 170.
TILES, neglect of agent to buy, 825.
TIMBER, carrying away of, 86a.
no reduction for carrying off, 63 n.
to be used for special work, 166.
INDEX 3373
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.)
TIMBER— ConimMed.
exemplai-y d. for cutting of, 373.
d. for wrongfully cutting, 502, 933.
d. in actions for conversion of, 502, 503.
d. for breach of contract to employ plaintiff to saw, 607 n.,'608, 614 n.,
615 n., 620.
to deliver, 153, 615 n.
to cut, 607 n., 614 n., 615 n.
to transport, 614 n., 620 n.
recovery for cutting, on injunction bond, 685o, n.
d. on injunction against cutting, 6856.
d. on injunction bond for failure to secure, 6856.
d. for failm"e to pay for, 752o.
contract to indemnify against selling, 794.
compensation for cutting, in action for mesne profits, 910.
failure of title to, 976.
taking of, 1107.
removal of, 1168.
land, taking of, 1167 n.
trees, d. for destruction of, 933.
TIME.
I. — Recovery of Damages Affected by
to which compensation may be recovered, 84 et seq.
prospective and past d. recoverable in single action, 84.
early rule different, 85.
loss accruing after action brought, 85.
prospective loss, 86.
d. for breach of continuing agreements, 87.
new action must be brought for renewed injury, 88.
continuing breach of subsisting contract, d. to date of writ, 89.
breach destroying contract, prospective d., 90.
continuing tort, d. to date of writ, 91.
tort by trespass on plaintiff's land, to what time d. recoverable, 92.
by unauthorized private structure, or use of land by defendant, 93.
authorized permanent public work, 95.
when negligently constructed, 95.
from which interest runs, 302, 310, 314, 315, 318.
payment of interest, where demand prevented by defendant's act, 309.
when interest begins to run on account, 310.
lapse of, considered in estimating d., 319.
of estimating profits of contract, 636e.
of estimating value of personal property on replevin bond, 690.
when not of the essence of a contract, 657.
when market value of goods sold is to be assessed, 737.
of estimating value of goods lost by carrier, 847.
in replevin, 533
for making claim against telegraph company, 876.
of recovery of mesne profits, 911, 912, 913.
when value of land is taken on breach of contract to convey, 1018.
of taking, 1151.
3374 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
T:\yiSr— Continued.
of entry, 1151.
of order for condemnation, 1151.
of filing location, 1151.
when d. measured, 1151.
limit of, for claiming d., under statute, 1151 n.
of allowance of interest, 1179a.
of taking under eminent domain, 1200.
at which value of property of fluctuating value is to be taken. See
Higher Intermediate Value.
II. — Compensation for Loss of
loss of, in action for personal injuiy, 107o.
recovery for loss of, 164, 180.
notice must be given, 159.
spent in following property, recovery of value of, 226c.
value of, spent in effort to avoid loss recoverable, 226i.
in attending court, 229 n.
recovery for loss of, by malicious prosecution, 459.
by false imprisonment, 461.
for personal injury, 481, 482,
by married woman, 486.
by minor, 4866.
of child, 486c.
lost in consulting counsel or attending hearing, recoverable on injunction
bond, 685 n.
of idle hands, recovery for, on injunction bond, 685e.
recovery for loss of, on bond for arrest, 686o.
on accident policy, 731.
failure to deliver goods, 737, 742.
on countermand of purchase or sale of goods, 758.
on wrongful sale by agent, 821.
on loss of goods by carrier, 847.
on injury during transportation, 852.
against carrier of passengers, 860, 862, 863, 864.
by passenger, 864.
by injury to passenger, 860.
by failure to carry passenger, 862.
by delay in transporting passenger, 863.
by carrying passenger beyond station, 864a.
by expulsion from train, 865.
lost in perfecting title, no recovery for, in action on real covenant, 981.
d. for loss of, by breach of contract to lease farm for share of crop, 989.
by failure of landlord to heat, 995.
by sickness, 1166(i.
value of, 171 n., 181, 251, 255, 482, 860.
TITHES, interest in action for rent of, 285 n.
TITLE, nominal d. establish, 99.
error in examining, 218.
expense of perfecting, 226e.
slander of, 455.
INDEX 3375
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
TITLE— CmiUnued.
expense of litigation caused by, 241.
value of abstract of, 261.
recovery for expense of examining, on breach of contract to convey, 6075.
bond for, 679a.
cloud on, caused by injunction suit, 685 A.
to property replevied, maj' be shown to be independent, 691a.
provable in reduction of d., on detinue bond, 691c.
d. on policy of insurance how affected by, 725.
of goods manufactured, 762.
of chattel, d. for breach of warranty of, 774.
negligence of conveyancer in examining, 831.
liability of unauthorized agent for expense of investigating, 835.
expense of investigating, recoverable from auctioneer without authority,
838.
lack of, as defense to action on purchase money note, 973.
d. for partial failure of, on covenant against incumbrances, 976.
after acquired, enures to benefit of grantee, 977.
reduction of d. on real covenants by after-acquired, 978.
expense of perfecting in action on real covenant, 979.
recovery of cost of removing incumbrance on, in action against landlord
for fraud, 990c.
contract to convey with reference to a complete, 1008.
d. for breach of contract to convey, made with knowledge of defect in,
1011.
partial defect of, in land conveyed, 1016.
recovery of expense of investigation, on breach of contract to convey
land, 1017.
to land, misrepresentation as to, 1027.
recoupment for failure of, 1053.
appropriation depriving owner of, 1151 w.
effect of transfer of, on compensation for taking by eminent domain,
1154c.
transfer of, to grantee does not pass right of compensation for taking
rights in highway in New York, 12056.
not affected by nominal d. in patent suits, 1219.
limited. See Limited Interest.
TITLE COMPANY, d. against for negligence, 831o.
TITLE DEEDS, value of, 262.
detinue for, 527.
whether baggage, 873 n.
TOBACCO, sale of flues for curing of, 153.
breach of contract to advance money to buy, 179 n.
early substitute for money in Virginia, 266.
d. for breach of warranty of, 762.
TOLI^BRIDGE, profits from, 182a, n.
in use for some time, carried away, 187.
TOIJ^GATE, depriving plaintiff of tolls, 93.
TOLLS, loss of, 187.
recovery for loss of, by infringement of ferry franchise, 944.
3376 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
TOllS—Conlinued.
making turnpilve free from, 1171(i.
TOMATOES, delay in delivery of cans for, 152 n.
TONTINE POLICY, value of, 730.
TOOLS, d. for conversion of, 506.
d. for loss of use of, by injunction against moving house, 685c.
of trade, whether baggage, 873 n.
TORT, object of action is to obtain money judgment, 4.
d. imder codes for, 28a.
to indemnify for loss suffered, 30.
continuing, 84o, 924.
entire d. for, 856.
distinct, 85c.
new action for new injury in, 88.
continuing d. recoverable for, till action, 91.
each fall is separate, 93a.
causing permanent injiuy, 94.
nominal d. for, 100.
general principle in action of, 104.
natural consequences in actions of, 143.
recovery of litigation expenses caused by, 233, 241.
for loss of gold, 272.
interest in action of, 316.
exemplary d. in action of, 370.
joint, liability of defendants in exemplary d., 382.
forms of action for, 428.
measure of d. for, determined by fixed rules, where no malice exists, 428.
d. for, do not depend on form of action, 429.
compensatory d. for, a matter of law, 429.
aggravation or mitigation of d. for, 430.
joint, each wrong-doer liable for the whole d., 431.
expenses of avoiding consequences of, recoverable, 437.
even when they enhance loss, 438.
by slander of title, 455.
by malicious attachment, 467.
in admiralty, 699.
division of loss for, in admiralty, 599.
distinction between, and contract, 601.
recovery on waiver of, 654.
suit against carrier may be framed to sound in, 840.
breach of duty to passenger is, 859.
by landlord against tenant, d. for, 990.
d. for, cannot be recouped in action for rent, 9996.
of tenant, recovery by landlord for, 999?.
d. from, cannot be set off, 1031.
recoupment in action of, 1044.
of landlord, recoupment for, 1058.
joint, d. for, 1279.
several, by different defendants, 1280.
by injury to personal property. See Chattels.
INDEX 3377
[References are to sections, d. means damage; w. means note.]
TORT— Cmtin-ued.
by false imprisonment. See False Imprisonment.
by false representations or other fraud. See Featjd.
by slander or libel. See Libel, Slander.
by malicious prosecution. See Malicious Prosecution,
by personal injury. See Personal Injury.
involving loss of service. See Service, Loss op, ,
TORTIOUS ENTRY, 1173.
TOTAL BREACH of contract, 636t.
TOTAL EVICTION, recovery for, on covenant against incumbrances, 969.
TOTAL LOSS of property, d. for, 432a.
by collision, d. for, 594.
of vessel, 594.
no recovery after, 590.
constructive, 709, 711.
on policy of marine insurance, 710-713.
what constitutes, 716.
of part of freight, 717.
of building, 722a.
TOWER, crossing, expense of maintaining, 1152a.
TOWN, expenses of litigation for injury on highway recoverable by, from town
wrong-doer, 241.
improvements by, 1112.
land taken for water purposes by, 11716.
TOWN CLERK, d. in action against, 562.
TOWN LOTS, value of land for, 253.
TOWN OFFICERS, d. against, 562.
TRACK CONNECTION, value of land for, 11716.
TRACKS, obstructing a street, 195.
increasing number of, 1109 n.
opening of street across, 1121 n.
planking of, 1152a.
d. from use of, 1164.
inconvenience in crossing of, 1164.
cars running off, 1165.
railroad, highway across, 1165c.
laying of, without owner's consent, 1175.
TRACT, value of, for any purpose, 11496.
acquisition of use of, 1150.
basis of compensation for use of, 1150.
entire. See Entire Tract.
TRADE, agreement not to continue, 182, 400, 408, 418.
contracts in restraint of, 1936.
breach of contract to supply materials for, 153.
exemplary d. for unlawful interference with, 373a.
liquidated d. in agreement not to carry on, 418.
d. for conspiracy in restraint of, 4706.
evidence of, as bearing on value of time, 482.
injury to, 1090.
212
3378 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
TRADE — Continued.
d. to, 1094.
obstruction to, 1094.
loss of, 1096.
appertaining to premises, 1105.
falling off in, 1205.
TRADE-MARK, nominal d. for infringement of, 100, 102.
fraudulent imitation of, 100.
d. for infringing, 1246c.
special d. in action for infringing, 1271.
TRADE NAME, d. for infringing, 1246c.
TRADING STAMPS, man supplied with, 182n.
TRAFFIC, diversion of, from ferry, 1098.
TRAIN, failure to stop, 45, 212 n.
ejection from, 143n.
expense of special, 226A;.
d. for expulsion of passenger from, 865.
TRAINING of father, recovery by child, for loss of through death, 577.
of person injured, may be shown, 485a.
TRAINS, smoke of, 1102.
noise of, 1102, 1123 «., 1165.
on street, depreciation in value of abutting land by ninning, 1102.
increasing frequency of, 1109 n.
running of, 1123.
expense of stopping, 1152a,
no recovery for stopping and flagging where railroad laid out over track
of another railroad, 1152o.
risk of obstruction, 1165.
TRAMP, d. recoverable by, for personal injury, 485a.
TRANSFER of note, d. for wTongful, 708.
of stock, d. for refusal to allow, 508, 514, 518, 519.
of stock on books, measure of d. for breach of obligation to, 627a.
of title, effect of, on right to compensation for taking by eminent
domain, 1154c.
TRANSPORT, d. against carrier for failure to, 842.
d. for breach of contract to, &33d.
timber, d. for breach of contract for, 614 n.
TRANSPORTATION, cost of, included in value, 246, 247, 739.
compensation for, 841.
d. for injury to goods during, 852.
by sea, d. for delay in, 855.
cost of, how entering into market value, 739.
of passenger, loss of time in, 863.
TRANS-SHIPMENT, d. against carrier for unlawful, 852.
TRAUMATIC NEUROSIS, excessive d. tor, 1360.
TRAVELLER, failure to deliver telegram to meet, at station, 8816.
TRAVELLING, increased facility for, is general benefit, 1129.
expenses, recovery of, on attachment bond, 682a.
on injunction bond, 685 n.
TRAVELLING SALESMEN, 180.
INDEX 3379
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
TREASURER, recovery on bond of, 692a, 6926.
TREASURER, COUNTY, d. against, for negligence, 661.
TREASURY notes of United States as legal tender, 269.
TREBLE DAMAGES for trespass to lands, 930a.
not recoverable on sheriff's bond, 692i.
in patent suits, 1229.
generally must be pleaded, 1263.
form of finding of jury for, 1318a.
TREES, growing, 100.
in highway, value of, 265.
interest in action for destruction of, 317 n.
d. for wrongful destruction of, 502, 933.
d. for breach of contract to plant, 614 n.
breach of contract to cultivate, 620 n.
recovery for deterioration of, on injunction bond, 685a.
d. for breach of warranty of, 765, 768.
value of, 847.
injury to, recoverable in action for trespass to land, 929.
d. for destruction of, 933.
recovery for value of, after severance from the realty, 934.
fruit or ornamental, d. for destruction of, 933.
d. for waste by cutting down, 950.
and earth, throwing on land outside right of way, 1110 n.
shade, removal of, 1122.
destruction of, 1166e.
injiuy to, 1166e.
fruit, taking of, 1167 n.
shade, destruction of, 1167 n.
cutting, d. for, 1171c. See Timber.
TRESPASS.
I. — In General
object is to obtain money judgment, 4.
recovery for attempted seduction of wife in action of, 48.
nominal d. for, 99, 101, 923.
action in, 101.
one cannot be called on to commit, in order to avoid wrong, 225.
recovery of expen.se of Utigation in action for, 233.
interest in action for, 316. .
exemplary d. for malicious, 373.
general principle of d. for, 428.
past, in condemnation proceedings, 1150.
excessive d. for, 1334.
II. — On Chattels
exemplary d. for, 351, 352. See Convebsion.
by public officer, d. for, 564.
III. — On Land
on land, 4Si, 88, 92, 107o, n.
prospective d. for, 92.
new, for each day's neglect, 88.
avoidable consequences of, 214.
3380 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n: means note.]
TBESPASS— Continued.
exemplary d. for, 350, 361, 373, 930.
none if accidental or in belief of right, 363.
mitigation of, 384.
to try title, 905.
for mesne profits, 905.
d. for, in action for mesne profits, 910.
form of action for, 923.
actual loss recoverable, 923.
single or continuing, 924.
entire d., when recoverable, 924a.
to what time d. are recoverable, 924.
presumption of continuing wrong, 924.
by excavation, 925.
by loss of support, 925.
recovery for, by special owner, 926.
consequential d. for, 927.
inevitable loss, 928.
aggravation of d. for, 929.
treble d. for, 930.
right of action for, 931.
possession indispensable, 931.
measure of d. for, 932.
certainty of loss by, 932.
remote d. for, 932.
d. for destruction of trees, 933.
where value enhanced by defendant's labor, 934.
d. for removal of minerals, 935.
measure of recovery between co-owners, 936,
d. for destruction of crops, 937.
of fences, 938.
removal of soil, 939.
injury to mill-streams, 940.
diversion or obstruction of water, 941.
flooding land, 942.
removal of chattels, 943.
destruction of house, 944.
interruption of easement of light, 944.
removal of sidewalk, 944.
removal of fixtures, 944.
malicious ouster, 944.
illegal distraint, 944.
right of distraint of cattle d. feasant, 945.
no recoupment in action for, 1042.
conversion of action for, into condemnation proceeding, in Minnesota,
1151.
TRESPASSER on land without title cannot recover in eminent domain proceed-
ings, 1154a.
TRESTLE, replacement of, by embankment, 1109.
substitution of, for embankment, 1152.
INDEX 3381
[References are to sections, d. nleans damage ;.n. means note.]
TKESTLK— Continued.
for elevated road, where new burden on street, 1152a, n.
TRIAL, by battle, 15.
later modes of, 13.
by ord6al,,.li. • . j ■
by compurgators, 16.
by wager of law, 16.
by jury, 17.
by witnesses, 17.
d. accruing subsequeAtly to, not cause of action, 84, 85.
date of, 1151.
TROPLONG, jtis civile and equilas, 1315 n.
TROUBLE, indemnity against, 795.
TROUSSEAU, failure to furnish, 45 n.
TROVER, object is to obtain money judgment, 4.
offer of reparation, does not reduce d. in action of, 53.
interest in action of, in England, 289.
common form of action, for a conversion, 492.
distinction between, and replevin, 628.
recoupment in action of, 1042, 1044. See Conversion.
TRUCK GARDENING, adaptability of land for, 11716.
TRUNK, consequences of delay in delivering, 856a.
TRUSTEE. See Garnishee.
recovery by, 76.
cannot retain money for expense of litigation without statute. 229.
entitled to interest on advances, 304.
interest payable by, 311a.
mingling trast funds with his own, liable to interest, 311c.
when liable to compound interest, 344.
recovery by, on policy of insurance, 725.
d. on bond to indemnify, 806.
d. against, for selling land without authoritj', 1011.
debt from beneficial^' set off in action by, 1031.
d. against, for breach of trust, 1256^.
TRUSTEE PROCESS, interest when suspended by, 341.
set-off in, 1031. .
TRUTH, belief in, as affecting d. for defamation, 448c.
rumor of, as mitigation of d. for slander or libel, 451.
of defamatory words as mitigation of d., 452.
"TUG, expense of, in admiralty, 589.
TUITION, payment in advance whether penalty, 414.
TUITION FEE, recovery of, 612.
TUNNEL, profits of contract to construct, 614 n.
under street, 1116.
TURF, destruction of, by straying cattle, 226d, n.
d. for destruction of, 937a.
TURNING surface water on land, 1123 n., Umd.
TURNPIKE, failure .to complete at agreed time, 187.
construction of railroad across, is taking by eminent domain, 1152a, n.
making of, free from tolls, 1171(i.
3382 iNDE^
[References are to sections, d. meanB damage; n. means note.]
TURNPIKE— Coniinued.
taken for highway, 1171d.
taking of, 1173.
condemnation of, 1173.
TURNPIKE COMPANY, value of interest in land taken, 1156.
impairment of value of franchise, 1173.
TAVELVE TABLES, d. in, 24 n.
UBI JUS IBI REMEDIUM, 97.
ULTRA VIRES act, liability of city for, 1110 n.
UNAUTHORIZED acts, 1110.
agent, d. against, 835-838.
d., redress of property ovraer for, 1110.
sale, d. for, 821.
suit, d. for, 839, 938.
UNCERTAIN, nature of business, 182o.
value of future crop is not, 624.
share of profit, compensation by, 669.
s profits, no recovery for loss of, 889.
d. See Certainty op Pkoop.
stipulation in liquidation of, 416.
no compensation for, in admiralty, 589, 593.
on statutory bond, 680.
UNCERTAINTY of profit m case of fluctuating cost of performance, 036^, 636fc.
UNCHASTITY, d. for defamation by charge of, 448c.
of daughter as mitigation of d. for seduction, 476.
for personal injury, 488.
charge of, as aggravation of d. for breach of promise of marriage, 640.
of plaintiff as mitigation of d. for breach of promise of marriage, 641.
UNCLE, d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death of, 8946.
UNCONSCIONABLE AGREEMENTS, 606c.
UNDEFILED MARRIAGE, recovery by husband for loss of, 48.
UNDERGROUND water, interference with, 1096.
UNDER-LET, d. for breach of covenant by lessee not to, 999fc.
UNDERMINING of house by rains, 1164.
UNDERTAKING, statutory action on. See Bond.
given under a statute, d. on, 680.
on granting restraining order, d. upon, 685.
UNDERWRITERS, abandonment to, on total loss, 710.
UNDUE INFLUENCE as ground for setting aside verdict for exemplary d.. 388.
UNFORESEEN DAMAGES, 1082.
UNFOUNDED SUIT, expenses of, when recoverable on indemnity bond, 803.
UNINTELLIGIBLE MESSAGE, d. for failure to transmit, 890.
UNION LABEL, liquidated d. on breach of contract not to use, 415, 416.
UNION MEN, liquidated d. on breach of contract not to employ, 415, 416.
UNITED STATES, interest on claim against, 338.
Fifth Amendment to Constitution of, 1107.
general conclusions on eminent domain in, 1123.
UNITED STATES TREASURY NOTES, 269.
UNITS OF VALUE in United States, 268.
INDEX 3383
[References are to sections, d!. means damage; n. means note.]
UNJUST, liquidation of d. must not be, 407.
UNLADING, d. for delay in, 867,
UNLAWFUL business, injury to, 1826.
use of right of way, 1110 »i.
entry, compensation recoverable on taking by eminent domain, after,
1159.
use, value for, 1171a.
original entry, 1175.
entry to construct reservoir, 1175.
UNLIQUIDATED claim, may be subject of recoupment, 1047.
d., what are, 1031.
d., cannot be set off, 1031.
demands, interest on, 299, 300, 312-315.
UNNECESSARY improvements, no allowance for, 917.
UNREASONABLE, liquidated d. must not be, 407.
UNSEAWORTHINESS, division of loss caused by, 578.
UNSIGHTLINESS, 1149 n.
of railroad construction, 1121.
UNUSUAL noises, on railroad, 1110 n.
UNWHOLESOME results of nuisance, d. for, 948.
UTAH, d. for operation of railroad in, 1123.
USAGE, interest on partnership account by, 310a.
USE of goods, special notice of, 164.
of machinery, notice of, 165.
for material, notice of special, 166.
special, notice of, 167.
for funds, notice of, 168.
for information, notice of, 169.
of net, loss of, 171a, n.
of a machine, 171b.
of land, d. for obstructing, 184.
of road or bridge, loss of, 187.
of business premises, 189.
of personal property, loss of, 195.
of a vessel, loss of, 196.
of chattels, d. for loss of, 435.
d. for loss of, 435a.
value of, not recoverable in actions for conversion, 493a.
conversion by wrongful, 494.
in replevin, 537.
d. for loss of, during detainer of goods, 565a.
of vessel, loss of, by collision, 593.
of building, loss of, by improper construction, 644.
loss of, for delay in construction of building, 645.
of attached property, d. for loss of, 682.
of land, compensation for loss of, on injunction bond, 685a.
of business premises, recovery for loss of, on injunction bond, 685fe.
of mill, d. for loss of, 685/.
of building, recovery for value of. pending injunction, 685/.
of property, loss of, by reason of injunction, 685ft.
3384 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
USE — Continued.
of land pending appeal, recovery for, 688a.
of property, loss of, by replevin, 689o.
of property, of which delivery is delayed, recovery of compensation for,
742.
of warranted machine, d. for loss of, 767.
of premises, recovery for loss of, by disrepair, 991.
appropriation of private property for public, 1077.
of streets, 1108 n.
granting of property for pubUc, by deed, 1109.
of property taken, change of, 1109.
before condemnation, d. for, 1109.
unlawful, or right of way, 1110 n.
of property, interference with beneficial, 1114
destruction of beneficial, by physical interference, 1116.
of land taken for other purposes, 1116.
of land, deprivation of, 1117.
of property, deprivation of, 1121.
d. for more injurious, 1152 n.
application of land taken to other, 1152 n.
of track, basis of compensation for, 1150.
of track, acquisition of, 1150.
unreasonable, of adjacent land, 1149a.
of spring, loss of, 1164.
interference with public, 11666.
of land, pecuhar mode of, 1171.
of property as summer residence, 1171c.
value of, 537.
for future, 253.
for special, 252, 1018.
for unlawful, 1171a.
of money, interest is value of, 282.
of premises, value of, 908.
of property, value of, 435a.
of vessel, value of, 2436.
of water, value of, 941.
USE AND OCCUPATION, mterest on amount recovered for, 307.
action for, 999e.
recoupment in action for, 1057.
USEFULNESS of life, compensation for loss of, 485.
USELESS, recovery for breach of contract which would have teen, 619.
USER, injury caused by, 1090, 1098, 1102.
prospective d., from, 1102.
of railway, loss from, 1105.
USES, two, of property, 1152a.
USUAL COURSE OF THINGS, rule of Hadley v. Baxendale, 146n.
USURIOUS INTEREST, recovery by surety who has paid, 801.
USURY, what is, 420.
effect of recovery back of payments on ground of, 695a.
USURY LAWS, cannot be evaded by stipulating d., 420.
INDEX 3385
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
VACANCY, tenant abandoning lease responsible for, 999/.
VACATION of injunction, effect of, on recovery on bond, 685.
VACATING injunction, recovery on bond for, 685o.
VALUATION of property, in contract, 420a.
whether enforced, 417.
of goods in writ of replevin, effect of, 532.
not common in policy of fire insurance, 720.
VALUE, higher intermediate. See Higher Intermediate Value.
under eminent domain statutes. See Eminent Domain.
I. — In General
compensation for permanent diminution in, 40.
what is, 242, 244.
commonest test of real value, 243.
market, not conclusive, 243.
fundamental rule of, 243.
not dependent on intended user or price, 143o.
market, 244.
market, how determined, 245.
in nearest market, 246, 739.
cost of transportation, whether included, 247, 247.
as affected by contingencies of saving property, 246.
allowance of profit, when made, 247.
wholesale or retail, 248a, 722.
artificially enhanced, 24.9, 265.
fictitious, 249.
none in market, 250.
adoption of new standard of, 268.
when estimated, 434.
when to be estimated, upon countermand of purchase or sale, 758.
where estimated, 344, 738.
cost of production does not measure, 495.
usually equals market value, 495
where to be estimated, 496.
when to be estimated, 497.
property increased in, by defendant, 499.
how affected by a contract for sale, 506.
in replevin writ, whether conclusive, 532.
increased by labor of defeated party, whether recoverable in replevin,
532.
depreciation of, in replevin, 536.
stated in receipt, whether conclusive on receiptor, 567.
depreciation in, recoverable on collision, 592.
fluctuations in, during contract period, 636j, 636A;.
recoverable when no price fixed, 750.
d. for breach of warranty of, 763.
deterioration in, from failure to transport, 843.
time of estimating, 847, 1018.
means net value, 909.
market, of land, 1081.
diminution in, due to compulsory ejectment, 1083.
3386 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
VALUE — Continued.
estimate of, 1085.
of abutting land, depreciation in, owing to running trams on street, 1102.
rise in, benefits through, 1103.
market, depreciation in, 1121.
increase of, from raihoad, 1122.
market, difference in, 1149.
of water, diminution in, 1149 n.
of homestead, diminution in, 1149 n.
enhanced, 1162.
market, difference in, 1163.
depreciation in, 1163.
market, depreciation in, 1164.
of particular portion, 11656.
rental, loss of, 1165c.
in condemnation proceedings, elements of, 1171.
elements of, 1171.
test of element of, 1171.
market, enhancement of, 1171.
rental, 1171c,
market, rule of, 1171c.
cash, definition of, 1171(2.
market, what is, 1171e.
market, land without, 1171e.
market, without improvement, 1171e.
includes franchises, 1173.
additional, due to connections, 1173.
as affected by previous entry, 1174.
enhanced, compensation based on, 1174.
enhanced, when allowed, 1176.
enhancement of, by private road, 1178.
market, implies non-compulsory sales, 1179.
II. — Fob What PrraposE
special, for a particular use, 252.
possible future use, 253.
actual, includes potential, 1085.
of lands for all profitable uses, 1085.
of tract for any purpose, 11496.
for legitimate purposes, 1171a.
for special purpose, 11716.
for special use, 252, 531, 1018.
for unlawful use, 1171a.
potential, included in actual, 1085.
includes every possible use, 1171.
does not mean value for railroad purposes, 1171.
sellmg, 1101, 1164.
to owner, 1081, 1171e.
peculiar, to the owner, 251.
sentimental, pretium affectionis, 251a.
of land as abutment for bridge, 1171e.
INDEX 3387.
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n, means note.]
YALUE— Continued.
for bridge site, 1171e.
for buildings, 1171b.
for church purposes, 11716.
for city lots, 11716.
for purpose of condemnation, 1171e.
for farm, 11716.
market, for franchises, inid.
of lots for market gardening, 11716.
of property for power house, 11716.
for railroad purposes, 1171, 1171e.
of property as "reservoir site," 1171e.
actual, forresidential purposes, 1171c.
of land for school piu:poses, 1081.
for sale, 1101, 1164.
of land for track connection, 11716.
III. — Value op Particular Things
affidavits, 531.
antique paintings, 822 n.
I bank shares, 1171<i.
bills, 256, 695.
board, 1304.
bonds, 257.
buUding, 998, 1168, 11716, 1302.
in situ, d. for, 936a.
cargo, 596, 712, 714, 717.
at the place, 175.
chattels, 433.
checks, 256.
chose in action, 256.
clothing, 251, 873.
construction, 1302.
contract right, 609.
corporate stock, 257.
crop, 633e.
growing, 434, 937.
mature, 191.
immature, 937.
whether conjectural, 768.
custody, 553, 554.
documents, 261.
farm land, 1163.
fence, 531, 938.
fixtures, 254a, 433, 944, 990a.
foreign money, 273-275.
franchise, mid, 1173.
freight, 712, 713.
future accumulations, to be estimated as of time of verdict, 574o.
game-cocks, 432a.
good-will, 254, 1083.
3388 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
VALUE — Continued.
goods, how determined, 495.
where to be estimated, 496.
when to be estimated, 497.
bearing of cost of replacement upon, 735a.
in replevin, when to be estimated. 533.
carried, what is, 844.
failure to disclose, 844.
limitation of, 851.
injured by carrier, time of estimating, 852.
lost by carrier, place of estimating, 845, 846.
when to be estimated, 847.
manufactured, recoverable on breach of contract to take, 752
Bold, when estimated, 737.
where to be taken, 738.
gown, 8736.
grates, 998.
gravel, 1166c.
guano, 596.
half-breed scrip, 531.
homestead, 1171c.
household goods, 251.
ice, 9356.
illegal and noxious property, 265.
information, 892.
labor and materials, effect of fluctuation in, during performance of con-
tract, 636j, 636m.
land, 253, 1018, 1080, 1162.
subject to easement or other hindrance to use, 243c.
decrease in, pending appeal, 688a.
negligent report by agent as to, 829.
for all profitable uses, 1085.
as damaged, 1175.
lease, 1157.
life, 263.
not calculable in money, 729.
machinery, 531, 640.
mantels, 998.
medical Berenices, 171a, n.
mill-site, 1018.
money, 264, 266 et seq.
municipal bond, 257.
notes, 256, 695.
noxious property, 265.
paintings, 822 n.
patent rights. See Patents.
premises, recovery for diminution of, by nuisance, 948.
policy of insurance, 259, 623, 730.
portrait, 251a.
property by what affected, 1151.
INDEX 3389
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
VALUE— Cmtinued.
in process of manufacture, 248.
converted, 495-499.
severed from the freehold, 500-504. See Severance prom Free-
HOIJ>.
replevied, 531.
recoverable on replevin bond, 689a.
when estimated on replevin bond, 690.
wrongfully attached, 565.
when taken in action on attachment bond, 682.
lost by fire, 722.
insured, 722.
reservoir, 1080.
reversionary interest, 1084, 1085.
sealed instruments, 260.
securities, 258.
services, 255, 1303.
immaterial where contract fixes price, 664.
shares of stock, 257, 1171d.
sheep, 170a, n.
sleigh, 1302,
stone, 1166c.
streams, 1085.
time, 255.
of a business man, 181.
lost by delay in transporting passenger, 863.
title deeds, 262.
use, 196.
of land, 685a, 999e.
mesne profits measured by, 907, 908.
allowance for, during period of delay in conveying, 1021a.
of leased premises, 984, 988.
of machine, 735c.
of premises, 908, 948.
of property, 537, 742.
of road, 187.
of vessel or vehicle, 243b.
vessel, 595, 712, 717.
vouchers and affidavits, 531.
wild land, 1163.
yam, 534.
IV. — ^Evidence and Proof
how determined, 245, 433, 495.
market, how to be proven, 1171e.
found by jury without evidence, 1171o.
evidence of, 495.
rental, evidence of, 1171o.
presumption of. See Presumption.
of services, evidence of, 664a.
cost as evidence of, 6556.
S390 Index
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. meafis note.]
VALUE — Cmtinued.
of wife, may be fomid by jury on own knowledge, 486a.
opinions on, 1171c, 1294.
of land, evidence of, 1295.
of lease, evidence of, 1295.
of chattels, 1296.
evidence of average, 1296.
price received at auction as evidence of, 762.
offer to sell as evidence of, 1299.
sale, 1298.
resale, 7356, 1018.
price lists, 1299.
market quotations, 1299.
inventories and appraisals, 1299.
presumption as to, 1300.
estoppel as to, 1301.
of construction, evidence of, 1302.
of services, 1303.
of board and care, 1304.
of business, 1304.
VALUED POLICY of marine insurance, 711, 713.
none, of fire insurance, 720.
of insurance against fire, 722a.
life insurance is, 729.
VAPORS, noxious and offensive, 1166(i.
VARNISH, d. for breach of warranty of, 766.
VASES, value of, 822 n.
VAT, d. for breach of contract to construct, 614 n.
VEHICLE, jumping from, causing injury, 43ft,. «.
VENDEE. jSee Sales op Chattels.
entitled to full d. under contract of purchase, 70.
recovery by, 79.
in possession sues a stranger, 80a.
in possession, recovery by, on fire policy, 725.
liability of, for go'ods partly delivered, 734, 743.
need not replace himself in market, 741.
of goods, failure of, to complete .purchase, 753 et seq,
notice of non-performance by, ineffectual, 758.
of land, recovery by, 927.
measure of d. against, 1023 et seq.
d. against, for failure to take title, 1023.
VENDOR, no recovery for injury to freehold by, 70.
of land, recovery by unpaid, on policy of insurance, 725,
from what time entitled to mesne profits, 912.
measure of d. against, 1001 et seq. See Sales op Land.
on failiu-e of title liable only for nominal d., 1001-1011.
unless he knows that he has no title, 1011.
or is guilty of misconduct or fraud, 1009, 1010.
where breach is not caused by defect in title, 1007.
where he expressly contracts for good title, 1008,
INDEX 339i
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. nieans note,]
VENDOR— Continued.
where consideration is advanced, 1014,
actions by, 1023 et seq.
recovery of expenses by, 1025.
of chattels, d. against, 734 et seq.
market value measures d. against, 734.
VENDOR'S LIEN, recoupment in action to enforce, 1052.
VERBAL notice, allowed to change the rule of, 160.
VERDICT does not create right to d., 5.
interest on before judgment, 335.
for exemplary d., on what grounds set aside, 388.
only one, against joint tort-feasors, 431.
excessive, in statutory action for death, 582.
right of resale of, where price not paid, 755.
mesne profits recoverable to time of, 913.
recoupment after, 1075.
in excess of amount due, 1259.
plaintiff may remit excess when, 1259.
cannot be increased by award, 1281.
form of, in action for money, 1283.
form of, 1284.
evidence of amount of former, 1308.
formerly found on jurors' knowledge, 1316.
against weight of testimony, 1319.
founded on conflicting testimony, 1319.
modifications of, 1319.
perverse, 1319.
based on erroneous measure of d., 1323.
allowable methods of arriving at, 1324.
power of court to set aside as excessive, 1325^.
motion to set aside, how made, 1329.
remission of excess of, 1330.
may be set aside as inadequate, 1368.
VERMONT, rule in, for interest on judgment, 334.
recovery on contract in, after abandonment of performance, 661.
rule in, for recoveiy by infant after repudiation of contract, 663.
recovery of higher intermediate value of goods sold, 745, 746.
rule in, for d. on breach of warranty, 962.
for failure to take title to land, 1023.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
VESSEL, arrested, 35.
injured by fire, 67a.
contract to supply rigging for, 157.
failure to furnish, 194.
loss of use of, 196.
partially completed, contract to build, 205 n.
avoidable consequences on failure to furnish freight for, 211,
d. for injury to, 214.
d. for wrongful libel upon, 214.
expense of raising and repairing, 22Qd.
3392 INDEX
[References are to sections, d, means damage; n. means note.]
VESSEL— Continued.
value of, 2436, 595.
value of stranded, 246.
value of use of, 593.
d. for false representations as to age of, 441.
d. for converting, before completion, 499.
sharing of loss, from collision, 587.
expenses of raising, in admiralty, 589.
d. for failure to provide cargo for, 608.
profits of contract to construct, 614 n.
breach of contract to insure, 623.
subject of marine insurance, 709.
recovery for injmy to, on marine policy, 714.
valuation of, for general average, 717.
one of the interests in jeopardy on voyage, 717
contribution of, to general average, 717.
d. for fraud in sale of, 777.
d. for delay in lading or unlading, 851, 857.
VEXATION, no compensation for, 42.
without physical inconvenience, no recovery for, 46a.
for loss of thing expected, 46o.
d. not recoverable for, against telegraph company, 894d.
VEXATIOUS SUIT, no recovery for, in cases of contract, beyond costs,
232.
VEXATIOUSLY WITHHELD, interest on money, 294.
VIADUCT in street, 1115.
building of, 1121 n.
building approach to, across street, 1109 n.
impairing access, 1121.
VIBRATION, d. from, 1121, 1123 n., 1165a.
caused by passing trains, 1098.
during construction, 1098.
from operation of railroad, 1120, 1123.
VIEW, obstruction of, 1121, 1165.
VINDICTIVE DAMAGES. See Exemplary Damages.
VINES, breach of contract to plant on land, 620 n.
VIRGINIA, rule in, for d. on breach of covenant of warranty, 959.
for failure to convey land, 1009.
constitution on d. to property, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
VIVA PECUNIA, 10.
VOID CONTRACT, recovery for Ber\ices rendered under, 673c.
VOLUNTARY agents, 812.
service, recovery for, 673d.
VOTE, d. for refusal to accept, 562.
VOUCHER, value of, 261.
VOYAGE, WHALING, loss of profits of, 193.
WAGER OF LAW, trial by, 16.
when abolished in England, 16 n.
. INDEX 3393
[References are to sections, d. means damage) n. means note.]
WAGES, action for, 90, 106, 665.
average earnings expressed in, 180.
forfeiture of, on leaving without notice, whether a penalty, 407.
recovery for loss of, in admiralty, 589.
necessarily paid during delay in construction, 642.
how far recoverable after breach of contract of emplojTiient, 665.
forfeiture of, by leaving employment, 668.
for improper service, 674.
paid on account of injunction, recovery of, 685e.
of crew during repairs, not included in estimating constructive total loss,
711.
payment of, during disability, does not diminish recovery on accident
policy, 731.
compensation for loss of, through failure to transport goods, 843.
recoupment in action for, 1042, 1064, 1066.
WAGONS, value of, 251.
WAIVER of full performance of contract, 636.
of tort, recovery upon, 654.
of delivery of goods, 742.
consequences of, 743.
WALL, contract to build, 209, 631, 647c, n., 993.
d. by falling, whether recoverable, on insurance policy, 723a.
d. for allowing to overhang, 944.
brick, falling of, 1164.
WALLPAPER, sale of, 182o, n.
WANTON WRONG, exemplary d. for, 363.
WANTONNESS, exemplary d. for, 366.
WAR, when payment of interest suspended by, 340c.
delivery of goods prevented by, 847.
WARD, when entitled to interest, 311d.
expense of maintaining, whether deducted from recovery on guardian's
bond, 692A;.
WAREHOUSE, affecting light of, 1104.
facilities of, 11716.
WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS, time when value of, should be taken in action of
trover, 509.
fraudulently issued, recovery on, 703.
WAREHOUSEMAN, recovery by, 76, 79.
on policy of insurance, 725.
recoupment in action by, 1066.
WARRANT of government for payment of money, interest upon after present*
ment, 302 n.
for payment of public debt, interest upon, 337.
for interest, interest upon, 346.
d. for detention of county, 539.
d. on bond for failure to cancel, 692/.
WARRANTED seed, 191.
WARRANTIA CHARTAi, 952, 957.
WARRANTS, GENERAL, liberal d. m actions arising from, 350.
213
3394 INDEX
[References are to Sections, d. means damage) n. means note.]
WARRANTY of authority, d. in action for, 836.
See Covenant, 226e.
WARRANTY OF CHATTEL, 759 et seq.
I. — In General
remedy on breach of, 759.
price paid, how far material on breach of, 760, 761, 762.
old rule as to, 760.
Louisiana law as to, 762.
measure of d. on breach of, 761, 762.
on exchange of property, 762.
avoidable consequences on breach of, 764.
communication of disease by breach of, 769.
, recovery of expenses caused by breach of, 772.
effect of notice, 773.
whether rule of d. on, differs from that in case of fraud, 781.
recoupment for breach of, 1038, 1039, 1060, 1071.
consequential d. on breach of, 162, 765.
loss of crop, 191.
of resale on breach of, 762.
of sub-contract, 770.
of expenses of litigation, 238, 773.
interest on breach of, 312 n., 316.
of value of chattel, 763.
of quantity of chattel, 763.
of fitness for purpose, 164a, 766.
unfitness for purpose, 766.
of title, 774.
that a certain sum is due, 776.
II. — Of Pabticular Things
animals, 760, 761, 762, 765, 766, 769, 772.
apples, 771.
boiler, 765.
bonds, 763.
canal-boat, 765.
carriage-poles, 765.
coloring matter for ice-cream, 766.
cows, 762.
flour, 761.
goods to be shipped abroad, 762, 770.
to be sold at a distance, 771.
recoupment for breach of, 1060.
of horses, 760, 761, 773.
hay, 765.
indorsements, 775.
iron, 770.
machinery, breach of, 2126.
avoidance of loss by purchase of more effective, 2260.
machines, 767.
material foT manufacture, 199, 766.
merchandise, 771.
Index 3395
(Reteenees are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
WARRANTY OF CHATTEL— Con/WMed.
money due on promissory note, 776,
oxen, 766.
pianos, 770.
picture, 773.
pork, 764, 771.
refrigerator, 766.
seed, 191, 768.
sheep, 765.
slaves, 765, 772.
stock, 763.
tobacco, 762.
varnish, 766.
WARRANTY OF LAND, the ancient, 952.
covenant of, 20.5', 953.
nominal d. for breach of, 953, 976.
what constitutes breach of, 956.
actual loss necessary, 956.
right complete on eviction, 956.
constructive eviction, 956. ,
proof of breach of, 149.
recovery of consideration, 957, 961.
>' improvements, whether excluded, 958, 959, 963 n., 964 n.
good faith required, 960.
action by assignee, 961,
recovery of value in England and New England, 962.
general considerations of the rules, 963.
consideration, how proved, 964.
parol proof of, 964.
reduction of d. by after-acquired title, 978.
reasonable expenses of perfecting title, 979, 980.
of prior litigation, 238.
interest, 981.
expenses of obtaining or defending possession, 982, 983.
recovery for loss suffered after suit begins, 86a.
interest in action for breach of, 316.
recoupment for breach of, 1053.
WASHING away alluvial deposits, 1120.
WASHINGTON, no exemplary d. in, at common law, 358.
tenant holding over, pays double d. in, 999/.
meaning of "damaged" in, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1143a.
WASTE, material left on hand, should not be left to, 213.
interest in actions of, 316.
liquidated d. on breach of bond against, 395.
caused by repudiation of contract, may be recovered, 636a.
' recovery for, on injunction bond, 685a.
of land pending appeal, 688a.
d. for, in action for mesne profits, 910,
action of, 950.
3396 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means danaage; n. means note.]
WASTE— Continued.
d. in action in the nature of, 950.
forfeiture of land for, 950.
treble d. for, 950.
WASTE LAND, reclaiming is special benefit, 1130.
WATCH, whether baggage, 873 n.
d. for breach of warranty of land given for, 965.
WATER, d. for diversion of, 56, 99 n., 189, 940, 941, 1107.
nominal d. for, 100.
interest in action for diverting, 31j6.
accumulating, prevented from flowing off, 98.
d. for obstruction of, 189, 941.
for irrigation, failure to supply, 205 n.
injury to land by, 2146.
offer to supply after wrongful cutting out, 222.
cost of pumping off, 226d, n.
litigation expenses in actions for setting back, 233.
d. for breach of contract to supply, 618 w., 620 n.
for irrigation, 620 n., 633e.
for making ice, 999.
breach of contract not to furnish in competition, 632.
d. on injvmction bond for loss of, 685c.
recovery of expense of keeping mine clear of, on injimction bond, 685e.
insurer liable for d. by, 723a.
d. by, from negligence of landlord, 990.
intercepted from well, 1091.
diminution in flow of, 1096.
underground, interference with, 1096.
interference with flow of, 1096.
of great ponds, taking of, 1119.
percolating, cutting off from spring, 1120 n.
diminution in value of, 1149 n.
cutting off of, 1164.
increased liability to overflow of, 1164.
separation of grazing land from, 1165.
taking land containing spring of, 1165.
stagnant pools of, 1165.
causing sickness, 35 n.
sewage, 1166d.
surface, 1166d.
escape of, prevented, 1116 n.
throwing on property, 1117 n.
d. from, 1123.
turning on land, 1123 n.
obstruction to, 1165.
preventing flow of, 1166d.
WATER COMPANY, no recovery for mental suffering for failure by, to furnish
water, 45o.
WATER COURSE, obstruction of, 85c.
cannot show later removal of obstruction, 66.
INDEX 3397
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
WATER COURSE— Coreiwued.
diverting or polluting of, 91.
d. after writ for diverting or polluting, 91.
for obstructing, 93.
overflowing of, 99 n.
avoidable consequences on obstruction of, 214.
d. for diversion or obstruction of, 941.
WATER LEVEL, raising, on land, 1116 n.
WATER-PIPES, bursting of, whether cause of action, 33.
WATER POWER, failure to supply, 189.
d. for interference with, 214.
aid in development of, is special benefit, 1130.
cost of substituting steam for, 1164.
destruction of, 1166d.
WATER PURPOSES, land taken by town for, 11716.
WATER-RIGHTS, interference with, 1120.
WATER WORKS, d. recoverable for failure to construct properly, 608.
breach of contract to build, 615 n., 618 n.
taking of, by city under contract, 1173.
WAY, avoidable consequences of obstruction of, 215.
substitution of another, after obstruction of, 221a.
reasonableness of avoiding obstruction of, 226to.
bond to pay for right of, 677.
obstruction of, 1116 n.
laying out of, 1151 n.
opening new road across right of, 1167.
laying out private way as public, 1178.
WEALTH of defendant, exemplary d. aggravated by, 385.
cannot be shown in action for death, 584.
in action for seduction, 477.
as affecting d. for criminal conversation, 479.
shown in action for breach of prpmise of marriage, 638.
d. for libel or slander aggravated by, 445.
d. for crim. con., whether aggravated by, 480.
of plaintiff does not aggravate d. for libel or slander, 445.
of proprietor of newspaper does not aggravate d., 445.
of parties, d. how affected by, in action for seduction, 475.
affecting d. for defamation, 445.
does not affect compensatory d., 490.
as affecting exemplary d., 490.
of wife, whether admissible in action for criminal conversation, 478.
of intended husband, compensation for loss of, 638.
d. for breach of promise of marriage aggravated by, 639.
WEARING APPAREL, value of, 251.
WEATHER, injury by, 164.
recovery by passenger for exposure to, 867.
WEIGHT of cattle, compensation for shrinkage in, 854.
WELL, plaintiff to be employed to sink, 192.
d. for breach of contract to lease, 607 n.
to drive, 616 n.
3398 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
WEllr-Continued.
to dig, 618 re., 647c, n.
to sink useless, 619.
by tenant to drill, 999fc.
water abstracted from, 1091.
water intercepted from, 1091.
draining of, 1112o, n., 1119.
destruction of, 1120 n., 70.
flooding of, 1166(2.
WERE, the Anglo-Saxon, 9.
assessed in money, by Ethelbert's law, 10.
WEST VIRGINIA, doctrine of exemplary d. in, 358.
meaning of "damaged" in, 1123.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1143a, 1144.
WHARF, value of land for, 252 re.
WHARFAGE, charges for wharf repairing recoverable in admiralty, 589.
WHARFINGER, recovery by, on policy of insurance, 725.
WHEAT, d. for conversion of, 502.
threshing of, 164.
neglect of agent to buy, 825.
delay in transportation of, 842.
d. for failure to deliver, 844.
error of telegraph company in transmitting price of, 885.
d. for wrongful harvesting, 9356.
d. for breach of agreement by tenant to leave growing, 999fc.
WHEELWRIGHT WORK, contract payable in, 280.
WHISKY, value of, includes taxes, 722.
WHOLESALE VALUE, 248(i, 722.
WIDENING the street, 1102, 1151.
WIDOW cannot recover for injury to health in statutory action for death of hus-
band, 673o.
recovery of compensation by, for loss of support by death of husband,
678.
presumption of loss to, in action for death, 584o.
WIFE, made ill by malicious arrest, 43ff.
delay in delivery of medicine causing suffering of, 43^, n.
anxiety caused by separation from, 47 re.
compensation for loss of society of, 48.
d. for loss of consortium of husband, 48.
recovery by, for loss of consortium, 48.
in possession of husband's land recovery by, for injury to freehold, 70.
death of, from eating caitned salmon, 164a.
evidence of services of, 171a, re.
recovery of husband for loss of service of, 214a.
husband's recovery for injury to, 486a.
after recovery for his own personal injury, 85c.
recovery by husband for loss of services of, 578.
d. for alienation of affection of, 480a.
recovery by, for impairment of earning capacity, 486.
recovery by, for death of husband, 578.
INDEX 3399
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
VflFB— Continued.
np recovery for loss of society of, in statutory action for death, 573o.
separated from husband, may recover for his death, 578.
when may recover expense of medical aid, 226/.
where entitled to interest on money used by husband, 305.
exemplary d. for harboring or enticing, 376.
whether husband liable in exemplary d. for tort of, 382.
personal beauty of, cannot be shown in action for death, 580o, n.
d. for failure to deliver message announcing sickness or death of, 8945.
verdict for enticing away, set aside as excessive, 1328 n.
See Mabribd WoMAif.
WIGGLE8W0RTH TABLES, admissible to prove duration of life, 1306.
WILFUL wrong, exemplary d. for, 363.
carrying beyond station, 372.
trespass by cutting trees, d. for, 934.
WILD LAND, market value of, 1163.
WIND, recovery on injunction bond for loss, caused by, 6855,
WINE, d. for sale of, below authorized price, 822.
WIRE, contract to barb, 608.
d. by telephone, 1167 n.
WISCONSIN, rule in, where trees are cut, 934o.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1148.
remission of excess of verdict in, 1330.
WITE, the Anglo-Saxon, 9.
not to be confounded with toere, 9.
WITNESS, must testify to facts, 1290.
pedigree, 1290.
handwriting, 1290.
state of affections, 1290.
insanity, 1290.
not to opinion, 1290.
opinion of, on value of property, llTle.
trial by, 17.
WITNESS FEES, 229 n.
what may be recovered as, 229 n.
WOMAN PHYSICIAN, value of services found by jury, 171a.
WOOD, recoupment in action for price of, 1047.
contract allowing half, 193.
d. for setting fire to, 214.
WOOL, d. for, on lambs dropped by converted sheep, 498.
clipped from sheep converted, recovery for, 639.
neglect of agent to sell, 824.
d. for delay in delivery of, 856a.
WORK, interest on price of, 308a.
interest on imliquidated claim for, 312.
power to, 41a.
breach of contract to do, 2125.
d. for breach of contract to do, 614 n., 615 n., 618.
upon contract, should be stopped upon repudiation, 636c.
d. for injunction against doing, 685d.
3400 INDEX
[References are to sections, d. means damage; n. means note.]
WORK— Conimi^ed.
d. for increased cost of doing, caused by injunction, 6$5f2.
d. for interruption of, by injunction, 685/.
public, negligently done, 95.
outside contract, recovery for, 655.
WORK AND LABOR, interest on money due for, 308o.
recovery for, 653.
debt the early action for, 675a.
WORKMANSHIP, recoupment for defective, 1067.
WORKMEN, failure to get money demanded by, 153a.
d. for lost services of, by injunction, 685(i.
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION ACT, 675o.
WORKS, public, statutes authorizing, 1077.
sewage, taking of lands for, 1102.
WORLDLY POSITION, compensation for prevention from, 50.
WORRY, over injury, 47 n.
caused by separation from baggage, 47 n.
WOUNDED PRIDE, compensation for, 47.
on breach of promise of marriage, 637, 6386.
WOUNDS may be shown to jury, 1309.
WRECK, reduction of loss by, 218.
expense of viewing, in admiralty, 589.
WRIST, excessive d. for breaking, 1349.
WRIT, d. accruing after date of. See Pkospective Damages.
interest allowed at least from date of, 317.
valuation of property in, 532.
of error, interest pending proceedings upon, 336.
WRITS, classification of, by Lord Coke, 96 n.
WRONG, d. inferred from fact of, 7.
plaintiff need not anticipate, 224.
party need not be called on to commit in avoiding consequences, 225.
exemplary d. for wilful or wanton, 363.
WRONGDOERS, responsibility for entire d. on, 36a.
apportionment of d. between, 36a.
joint. See Joint Wbong Doers.
WRONGFUL act outside statute, 1100.
WYOMING, doctrine of exemplary d. in, 359.
constitutional provisions as to benefits in, 1145.
YACHT, loss of use of, 196.
value of, 243a.
valuation of, in contract, 420o.
alue of, in replevin, 534.
YARD, switching, d. to, 1121 n.
street across raiboad, 1152a.
YARN, d. for conversion of, 499.
YEARS, tenant for, may recover compensation in eminent domain proceedings,
1154a.
YIELD of crops, 1149 n.
net, of city property, 1179.