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QfnrttfU  Slam  ^rljaol  SItbrarg 


A  TREATISE 


ON  THE 


MEASURE  OF  DAMAGES 


OR 


AN  INQUIRY  INTO  THE  PRINCIPLES  WHICH  GOVERN 

THE  AMOUNT  OF  PECUNIARY  COMPENSATION 

AWARDED  BY  COURTS  OF  JUSTICE 


BY 


THEODORE  ^DGWICK 

AUTHOR  OF  "  A  TREATISE  ON  STATUTORY  AND   CONSTITUTIONAL  LAW ' 


'  !!um  pro  eo  quod  interest  dubitationes  antiquffi  in  infinitum  pioductse  sint,  melius  nobis  Tiaum 
,  hujusmodi  prolixitatem,  prout  possibilc  est,  in  angustum  coarctare. 

Cod.  De  sent,  guw  pro  eo  quod  int.  prof.  lib.  vii,  tit.  xlvii 


NINTH   EDITION 

REVISED,  REARRANGED,  AND  ENLARGED 
BY 

ARTHUR  G.  SEDGWICK 

AND 

JOSEPH  H.  BEALE 


VOL.  IV 


NEW  YORK 

BAKER,  VOORHIS  &  CO. 

1912 


~h  ^^y  (I^/^Z-^  ^^»H^  Ij 


Copyright,  1891,  bt 
ARTHUR  G.  SEDGWICK 

COPYBIGHT,  1912,  BY 

ARTHUR  GEORGE  SEDGWICK 


PRESS    OF    T.     MOREV   &   SON 
GREENFIELD,   MASS..   U.  S.  A. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

VOL.  IV 

f 

VOLUME  I 

Chapter  _  ,  Page 

I.  General  view  ot  the  subject 1 

II.  Compensation 42 

III.  Reduction  of  the  original  loss 86 

IV.  Compensation  for  injury  to  a  limited  interest  in  property 109 

V.  Entire  and  prospective  damages 137 

VI.  Nominal  damages 164 

VII.  Proximate  and  remote  damages 192 

VIII.  Natural  consequences 259 

IX.  Certain  and  uncertain  damages;  profits 317 

X.  Avoidable  consequences.  . 385 

XI.  Replacement 450 

XII.  Expenses  of  litigation 463 

XIII.  The  measure  and  elements  of  value 489 

XIV.  Medium  of  pajrment 529 

XV.  Interest 551 

XVI.  Exemplary  damages 686 

XVII.  Liquidated  damages 757 

VOLUME  II 

Chapter  Page 

XVIII.  Tortious  injuries  to  personal  property 827 

XIX.  Malicious  torts 856 

XX.  Personal  injury.  .  .• 911 

XXI.  Actions  for  the  conversion  of  personal  property 944 

XXII.  Higher  intermediate  value 991 

XXIII.  Actions  for  the  recovery  of  specific  personal  property 1029 

XXIV.  Actions  against  officers 1053 

XXV.  Actions  for  the  death  of  a  human  being 1093 

XXVI.  Damages  in  admiralty 1134 

XXVII.  Damages  in  actions  on  contracts 1159 

XXVIII.  Breach  of  promise  of  marriage 1272 

XXIX.  Contracts  of  construction 1289 

XXX.  ImpUed  or  quasi  contracts 1307 

XXXI.  Contracts  of  service \ 1339 

XXXII.  Actions  upon  bonds 1378 

XXXIII.  Actions  upon  negotiable  instruments 1465 

iii 


IV 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 


Chapter  Page 

XXXIV.  ContractB  of  insurance 1485 

XXXV.  Actions  upon  contracts  of  sale  of  personal  property 1628 

XXXVI.  Actions  upon  contracts  of  indemnity 1638 


VOLUME  III 
Chapter 

XXXVII.  Actions  involving  agency 1685 

XXXVIII.  Actions  by  and  against  carriers 1739 

XXXIX.  Actions  against  telegraph  and  telephone  companies 1808 

XL.  Actions  for  possession  of  real  property 1864 

XLI.  Wrongful  interference  with  real  property 1898 

XLII.  Actions  upon  real  covenants.  . '. 1965 

XLIII.  Actions  between  landlord  and  tenant 2044 

XLIV.  Actions  arising  from  the  sale  of  real  estate 2090 

XLV.  Set-off  and  recoupment  of  damages 2151 

XLVI.  English  statutes  of  eminent  domain 2209 

XLVII.  Statutes  of  eminent  domain  in  the  United  States 2241 

XLVIII.  The  allowance  of  benefits 2293 

XLIX.  General  considerations  under  statutes  of  eminent  domain  ....  2348 

L.  Elements  of  compensation  under  statutes  of  eminent  domain.  2396 

LI.  New  York  statutes  of  eminent  domain 2460 

LII.  Suits  for  infringement  of  patents,  copyrights,  and  trade-marks.  2517 


CHAPTER  LIII 


DAMAGES  UNDEE  THE   CIVIL  DAMAGE   STATUTES 


2561 


1247. 

Principles  on  \yhich  the  stat- 

§ 1251. 

utes  rest. 

1252. 

1248. 

Where  death  ensues. 

1253. 

1249. 

Means  of  support. 

1254. 

1249a. 

Injury  to  property. 

1255. 

1250. 

Other  damages. 

1256. 

Sales  by  several  persons. 
Acquiescence  a  bar. 
Avoidable  consequences. 
Exemplary  damages. 
Consequential  damages. 
Mental  suffering. 


CHAPTER  LIV 


DAMAGES  IN  EQUITY        .      .      . 

§  1256a.  Allowance  of  damages  by  a 

court  of  equity. 
1256b.  Power   of   English   court   of 

equity  to  award  damages. 
1256c.  Damages  as  incidental  relief. 
1256d.  Damages  on  failure  to  obtain 

equitable  relief. 
1256e.  No  damages  where  plaintiff 

should  not  have  sued    in 

equity. 


.- 2579 

Damages  granted  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  defendant. 

Taking  of  an  account. 

Damages  against  a  trustee  for 
breach  of  trust. 

Time  to  which  damages  are 


§  1256f. 

1256g. 
1256h. 

12561. 

1256 j.  Damages   assessed   on   legal 

principles. 
1256k.  Interest. 


TABLE   OF    CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  LV 


PLEADING  AND   PRACTICE 2588 

I. — Damages  as  Affected  by  the  Plaintiff's  Pleadings 


1257. 

Averment  of  damage. 

1258. 

Damages     beyond     amount 

laid. 

1259. 

Method  of  curing  the  error. 

1260. 

Averment    of    damage    not 

otherwise  material. 

1261. 

Special  damages. 

1262. 

Prospective  damages. 

1263. 

Exemplary,  double  and  treble 

§  1272. 

1273. 
1274. 
1275. 
1276. 


1277. 
1278. 
1279. 
1280. 


1264.    Interest. 


Damages      upon 
overruled. 

Upon  plea  in  abatement. 

Upon  plea  to  the  damage. 

Upon  default. 

Entire  or  several  damages — 
Joinder  of  good  and  bad 
counts. 

Judgment  when  arrested. 

Count  bad  in  part. 

Joint  torts. 

Several  torts  by  different  de- 
fendants in  the  same  suit. 


§  1265. 

1266. 
1267. 
1268. 

1269. 

1270. 

1270a. 

1271. 

1271a. 

II. — Practice 

demurrer  §  1281. 
1282. 
1283. 


1284. 
1285. 

1286. 

1286a. 

1286b. 


Special  damages — Actions  for 
injury  to  real  estate. 

For  breach  of  contract. 

Against  carriers. 

For  injury  to  personal  prop- 
erty. 

For  loss  of  business. 

For  personal  injury. 

Extent  of  allegation  required. 

For  other  torts. 

Answers. 


Award  of  arbitrators. 

Costs. 

Obsolete  judgment  of  "dam- 
age clear." 

Form  of  verdict. 

Damages  as  affecting  juris- 
diction. 

Right  to  begin. 

Damages  on  appeal. 

Damages  on  dissolution  of  in- 
junction. 


CHAPTER  LVI 


EVIDENCE 

§  1287.    Mode  of  proof. 

•            •            • 

§  1294. 

1288. 

Exceptions    to    common-law 

1295. 

rule  excluding  testimony  of 

1296. 

party. 

1289. 

Abrogation    of    common-law 

1297. 

rule. 

1298. 

1290. 

Witness  to  testify  to  facts,  not 
opinions. 

1299. 

1291. 

Experts. 

1300. 

1292. 

Confined  to  matters  of  art  and 

skill. 

1301. 

1293. 

Opinions  as  to  quantum  of 

1302. 

damages. 

1303. 

2623 


Value — Opinions  of  value. 

Vahie  of  lands  and  leases. 

Of  chattels  —  Opinions  of 
value. 

Market  value. 

Evidence  of  sales. 

Offers  —  Price-lists  —  Quota- 
tions— Appraisals. 

Presumption  against  defend- 
ant. 

Estoppel. 

Value  of  construction. 

Of  services. 


VI 


TABLE   OF   COl^TENTS 


§  1304.     Other  value. 

1305.  Evidence  of  malice  or  inten- 

tion— Appraisals. 

1306.  Of  the  duration  of  life. 

1307.  Of  pain. 


§  1308.     Of  a  former  verdict. 

1309.  Physical  examiination. 

1310.  Approximate  evidence. 
1310a.  Damage  imported  from  the 

circumstances. 


CHAPTER  LVII 


COURT  AND  JURY 


1311. 

Relative  power  of  judge  and 
jury. 

§  1318. 

1312. 

Analogies    of    Roman    juris- 

1318a, 

prudence. 

1319. 

1313. 

Formulse. 

1314. 

Changes  wrought  by  the  Em- 
pire. 

1320. 

1315. 

Origin   and   development   of 
the    Anglo-Saxon    judicial 

1321. 

procedure. 

1322. 

1316. 

Former  indefinite  separation 

between  province  of  court 

1323. 

and  of  jury. 

1317. 

Present   separation   of  func- 
tions. 

1324. 

2652 

Exemplary  damages — Aggra- 
vation and  mitigation. 

Double  and  treble  damages. 

Modifications — Setting  aside 
verdict. 

Instructions  on  questions  of 
damages. 

Effect  of  erroneous  instruc- 
tions. 

Power  of  jury  to  act  without 
evidence  of  damages. 

Wrong  measure  of  damages 
adopted  by  jury. 

Modes  of  computing  damages 
allowed  the  jury. 


CHAPTER  LVIII 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 

§  1325. 

Power  of  court  to  set  aside 
verdicts. 

§  1339. 

1326. 

What  damages  are  excessive. 

1340. 

1327. 

Successive  verdicts. 

1341. 

1328. 

Cases  in  which  the  court  will 

1342. 

act. 

1343. 

1329. 

Practice. 

1330. 

Remission  of  the  excess. 

1331. 

When  a  remittitur  will  be  en- 

1344. 

tered. 

1345. 

1332. 

Action  of  appellate  courts  on 
excessive  damages. 

1346. 

1333. 

What  amount  is  excessive. 

1347. 

1334. 

Pecuniary  loss. 

1348. 

1335. 

Defamation. 

1336. 

False  imprisonment. 

1349. 

1337. 

Malicious  prosecution. 

1350. 

1338. 

Alienation  of  affections. 

1351. 

2667 

Breach  of  promise  of  mar- 
riage. 

Seduction. 

Telegraph  companies. 

Carriers. 

Other  malicious  torts,  or 
wrongs  causing  mental  suf- 
fering. 

Exemplary  damages. 

Assault  and  battery. 

Physical  injury;  doubtful 
physical  consequences. 

Slight  or  temporary  injury. 

Broken  bones:  bones  of  leg 
and  hip. 

Bones  of  arm  or  shoulder. 

Bones  of  the  trunk. 

Bones  of  the  head. 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 


VU 


1352. 

Surgical  operation. 

§  1363. 

Other  permanent  injuries. 

1353. 

Pain  and  suffering. 

1364. 

Doubt  as  to  permanence  of 

1364. 

Permanent  injuries:  disability 

injury. 

to  labor. 

1365. 

Loss  of  service. 

1355. 

Permanent  crippling. 

1366. 

Civil  damage  act. 

1356. 

Loss  of  a  member:  leg  or  foot. 

1367. 

Damages  for  death. 

1357. 

Loss  of  a  member:  arm,  hand, 

1368. 

Inadequate  damages. 

or  finger. 

1369. 

Failure    to    allow    damages 

1358. 

Disfigurement. 

where  compensation  should 

1359. 

Impairment  of  sight  or  hear- 

be given. 

ing. 

1370. 

What    damages    are    inade- 

1360. 

Nervous  disorders. 

quate:  torts  in  general. 

1361. 

Insanity  and  loss  of  mental 

1371. 

Personal  injuries. 

power. 

1372. 

Death. 

1362. 

Shortening  of  life. 

CHAPTER  LIX 


THE   CONFLICT  OP  LAWS     . 

§  1373.     General  principles. 

1374.  Actions  against  telegraph 

companies. 

1375.  Action  on  a  bill  or  note. 

1376.  Damages  for  death. 

1377.  Rate  of  interest. 

1378.  Interest  on  judgments. 


2758 

§  1379.     Presumption  as  to  legal  rate 
of  interest. 

1380.  Exemplary  damages. 

1381.  Liquidated  damages. 

1382.  Medium  of  payment. 

1383.  Matters  of  procedure. 


TABLE  OP  CASES 
INDEX   .   ,   . 


2769 

3087 


CHAPTER  LIU 

DAMAGES  UNDER  THE   CIVIL  DAMAGE   STATUTES 


1247. 

Principles  on  which  the  stat- 

§ 1251. 

Sales  by  several  persons. 

utes  rest. 

1252. 

Acquiescence  a  bar. 

1248. 

Where  death  ensues. 

1253. 

Avoidable  consequences. 

1249. 

Means  of  support. 

1254. 

Exemplary  damages. 

1249a. 

Injury  to  property. 

1255. 

Consequential  damages. 

1250. 

Other  damages. 

1256. 

Mental  suffering. 

§  1247.  Principles  on  which  the  statutes  rest. 

The  statutes  of  many  States  contain  provisions  giving  dam- 
ages against  the  seller  of  intoxicating  liquors  for  injuries  re- 
sulting from  their  sale.  Sometimes  the  act  gives  the  right  of 
action  to  every  husband,  wife,  child,  parent,  guardian,  em- 
ployer, or  other  person,  who  shall  be  injured  in  person,  property, 
or  means  of  support,  against  the  seller,  and  also  against  any 
person  or  persons  owning  or  renting,  or  permitting  the  occupa- 
tion of  any  building  or  premises,  and  having  knowledge  that 
intoxicating  liquors  are  sold  therein,  for  all  damages  sustained, 
and  for  exemplary  damages;  sometimes  no  action  is  given 
against  the  person  owning  the  premises  on  which  the  liquor  is 
sold.  The  statute  in  New  Hampshire  gives  the  right  of  action 
when  the  liquor  has  been  unlawfully  sold;  ^  and  in  Wisconsin 
only  against  a  person  who  has  been  notified,  or  requested  in 
writing,  not  to  part  with  liquor  to  a  minor  or  habitual  drunk- 
ard.^ In  Michigan  it  has  been  said  that  the  intention  of  the 
statute  is  that  if  there  has  been  an  injury  which  the  defendant 
has  contributed  to  produce,  he  shall  be  liable  for  the  whole  in- 
jury; but  that  where  it  appears  that  the  defendant's  act  in 
supplying  liquor  had  no  appreciable  effect  in  causing  the  dam- 
age, the  jury  cannot  find  for  the  plaintiff.'  In  the  same  State, 
a  wife  suing  under  the  civil  damage  act  cannot  show  that  she 

1  Gen.  St.  1878,  ch.  109,  §  33.  '  Steele  v.  Thompson,  42  Mich.  594. 

"  Sanborn  &  Berryman's  Annot.  Stat. 
1889,  §  1556. 

161  2561 


2562  DAMAGES  UNDER  CIVIL  DAMAGE   STATUTES         §  1248 

has  children,  as,  under  the  statute,  each  child  has  a  separate 
action;  *  and  this  has  been  held  in  Iowa  also.^ 

In  Massachusetts  a  statute  *  provides  that  the  husband,  wife, 
parent,  child,  guardian,  or  employer  of  any  person  having  the 
habit  of  drinking  to  excess,  may  have  a  civil  action  against  any 
one  who  sells  such  person  intoxicating  liquor  after  notice  not 
to  do  so;  and  may  recover  "such  sum,  not  less  than  $100  nor 
more  than  $500,  as  may  be  assessed  as  damages."  The  action 
under  this  statute  is  held  to  be  penal,  and  hence  common-law 
rules  as  to  damages  cannot  in  aU  respects  be  apphed  to  it.''  In 
Pennsylvania  the  language  of  the  statute  is  that  "any  one 
aggrieved  may  recover  full  damages"  for  "any  injury  to  person 
or  property."  Under  this  statute  it  has  been  held  that  a  father 
cannot  recover  money  spent  for  medical  service,  nursing,  etc., 
in  the  case  of  his  son,  the  latter  being  of  full  age,  and  no  family 
relation  subsisting.*  In  Illinois  also  the  damages  must  be  for 
injury  to  the  person,  property,  or  means  of  support  of  the 
plaintiff;  *  and  since  it  is  impossible  to  compute  actual  damages 
upon  any  specific  basis,  the  jury  must  determine  the  amoimt 
as  practical  men  on  the  evidence  as  best  they  can.^"  In  a  case 
in  Indiana  ^^  evidence  was  offered  in  mitigation  of  damages  that 
plaintiff  had  abused  her  husband  on  the  street,  and  had  as- 
saulted him;  that  at  another  time  she  went  to  defendant's 
saloon  and  attempted  to  demolish  it  with  a  hatchet;  and  that 
during  the  months  when  the  sales  were  alleged  to  have  been 
made  to  the  husband  she  would  (go  downtown  and  whip  her 
husband  on  the  way  home.  But  this  evidence  was  held  irrele- 
vant. 

§  1248.  Where  death  ensues. 

Whether  damages  can  be  recovered  where  death  has  ensued 
from  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  has  been  considered  in 
several  cases,  and  the  courts,  even  in  the  same  State,  have 

*  Rosecrants  v.  Shoemaker,  60  Mich.  '  Veon  v.  Creaton,  138  Pa.  48,  20 

4,  26  N.  W.  794.  Atl.  865. 

'  Huggins  V.  Kavanagh,  52  la.  368,  '  Kellerman  v.  Arnold,  71  HI.  632. 

3  N.  W.  409.  w  Brown  v.  Butler,  66  111.  App.  86. 

« R.  L.  1902,  c.  100,  §  S3.  "  Gough  v.  State,  32  Ind.  App.  22, 

'  Sackett  v.  Ruder,  152  Mass.  397, 25  68  N.  E.  1043. 
N.  E.  736, 


§  1248  WHEEE  DEATH  ENSUES  2563 

sometimes  arrived  at  opposite  conclusions.  In  Hayes  v. 
Phelan,^^  where  the  plaintiff's  husband  died  from  intoxication, 
it  was  held  in  an  action  against  the  seller  of  the  liquors  that 
"injured"  in  the  statute  meant  a  legal  injury;  that  the  object 
of  the  action  was  to  allow  a  recovery  against  the  remote  wrong- 
doer: to  wit,  the  seller  of  the  liquor,  in  addition  to  the  action 
against  the  immediate  wrongdoer,  and  that  there  could  only 
be  an  action  against  the  seller,  where  an  action  existed  against 
such  a  wrongdoer,  and  that  hence  there  could  be  none  in  this 
case.  In  Jackson  v.  Brookins,^'  where  the  plaintiff's  husband 
was  killed  in  an  affray  while  intoxicated,  it  was  held  that  she 
could  recover  damages  resulting  from  the  death.  In  Quain 
V.  Russell  "  the  same  view  was  adopted;  while  in  Brookmire 
V.  Monaghan  ^^  the  opposite  view  was  taken.  The  Court  of  Ap- 
peals has,  however,  held,  in  the  case  of  Volans  v.  Owen,"  that 
a  new  cause  of  action  is  given  by  the  statute,  and  that  an  action 
against  the  seller  can  be  maintained  for  injury  to  the  means  of 
support,  although  no  other  action  would  lie.  The  same  view 
has  been  taken  in  Illinois;  "  and  so,  too,  in  Nebraska.'*  But 
the  rule,  that  the  plaintiff  cannot  recover  damages  for  the 
death  of  her  husband  arising  from  the  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquors,  is  adopted  in  a  case  in  Ohio,"  where  the  same  view  of 
the  statute  is  taken,  as  in  the  opinion  of  the  majority  of  the 
court  in  Hayes  v.  Phelan,  above  cited.  Mcllvaine,  J.,  in  deliv- 
ering the  opinion  of  the  court,  says : 

"She  had  an  interest  in  his  labor,  and  in  his  capacity  to  labor, 
as  a  means  of  support,  during  his  life;  but  after  his  death  this 
means  of  support  no  longer  existed,  and  was  not  the  subject  of 
injiu-y  or  diminution.  But  to  avoid  any  charge  of  hypercriti- 
cism,  we  place  our  decision  upon  the  ground  that  in  view  of  the 
previous  state  of  the  law,  and  the  mischief  sought  to  be  rem- 

12  4  Hun,   733;  but  see  dissenting  Am.  Rep.  409,  2  N.  W.  715.    The  fact 

opinion  in  this  case  of  James,  J.,  re-  that  property  of  deceased   came  to 

ported  in  5  Hun,  335.  plaintiff  at  his  death  does  not  mitigate 

"  5  Hun,  530.  the  damages.     Houston  v.  Gran,  38 

»  8  Hun,  319.  Neb.  687,  57  N.  W.  403. 

"  15  Hun,  16.  "  Davis  v.  Justice,  31  Oh.  St.  359,  27 

•*  74  N.  Y.  526;  ace,  Davis  v.  Stand-  Am.  Rep.  514;  ace,  Kirchner  v.  Myers, 

ish,  26  Hun,  608.  35  Oh.  St.  85,  35  Am.  Rep.  589.    And 

"  Emory  v.  Addis,  71  111.  273.  see  Pegram  v.  Stortz,  31  W.  Va.  220, 

"  Roose  V.  Perkins,  9  Neb.  304,  31  6  S.  E.  486. 


2564  DAMAGES   UNDER  CIVIL  DAMAGE   STATUTES  §  1248 

edied,  we  can  find  no  expression  in  the  statute  that  indicates 
an  intention  on  the  part  of  the  legislature  to  bring  the  loss  of 
labor  caused  by  the  death  of  the  person  intoxicated  within  the 
meaning  of  the  term  'means  of  support,'  for  an  injury  to  which 
the  right  of  action  is  given  by  the  statute."  ^° 

But  see  dissenting  opinion  of  Boynton,  J.,  in  this  case,  re- 
ferred to  below.  The  question  is  not  without  difficulty,  owing 
to  the  absence  from  the  statute  of  a  provision  expressly  covering 
injuries  resulting  from  death.  It  is  said,  however,  with  much 
force,  that  the  statute  does  not  define  or  enumerate  the  injuries 
intended  to  be  covered,  but  mentions  generally  injuries  to  per- 
son, property,  or  means  of  support  in  consequence  of  the  in- 
toxication of  any  person,  and  that  if  death  ensues  as  the  natural 
and  legitimate  result  of  the  intoxication,  it  is  covered  by  the 
language  of  the  statute;  that  if  death  were  excluded,  then  the 
minor  and  temporary  injuries  would  be  provided  for,  while  the 
greatest  and  most  permanent  of  all  would  be  excluded.^'  It  is 
true,  that  at  common  law,  in  actions  for  wrongs,  a  recovery 
could  only  be  had  for  injuries  to  person  or  property.  But  the 
question  naturally  arises,  whether  the  legislative  intent  of  the 
statute  under  consideration  was  not  to  go  beyond  the  common- 
law  rule,  and  provide  a  remedy  for  injuries  produced  by  in- 
toxication to  the  means  of  support  of  the  injured  party,  whether 
the  injury  arose  from  a  temporary  cause,  such  as  sickness,  or 
from  a  permanent  cause,  such  as  death.  This  view  is  taken  by 
James,  J.,  in  the  dissenting  opinion  in  Hayes  v.  Phelan,  and  is 
very  ably  maintained  by  Boynton,  J.,  in  the  dissenting  opinion 
in  Davis  v.  Justice.  The  learned  judge  regards  the  construction 
given  to  the  statute  by  the  majority  of  the  court  as  violating 
both  its  letter  and  spirit,  and  that  its  provisions  clearly  indicate 
a  purpose,  on  the  part  of  the  legislature,  to  require  the  seller 
and  the  owner  of  the  premises,  when  liable,  to  make  full  and 
adequate  compensation  in  damages  to  the  party  injured 
through  their  violation  of  the  statute.    He  says: 

"The  argument  of  counsel  .  .  .  and  the  judgment  of  the 

*>  Davis  V.  Justice,  31  Oh.  St.  359,  the  death  should  have  been  in  the  con- 

364,  27  Am.  Rep.  514.  templation  of  the  seller;  but  it  is  enough 

"  Jackson  v.  Brookins,  5  Hun,  530;  if  the  proximate  cause  is  the  selling, 

in  New  York  it  is  not  necessary  that  Davis  v.  Standish,  26  Hun,  608. 


§  1249  MEANS  OF  strppORT  2565 

court  seem  to  be  founded  on  the  mistaken  notion  that  the  action 
is  brought  to  recover  damages  for  the  death  of  the  husband. 
Such  is  not  the  case.  The  wrongful  act  which  constitutes  the 
ground  of  the  action,  is  the  illegal  sale  of  the  hquor,  causing  the 
intoxication  from  which  the  injury  results.  The  death  of  the 
husband  only  affects  the  measure  of  damages.  It  destroys  his 
ability  to  labor,  and  thereby  diminishes  the  wife's  means  of  sup- 
port. If  the  husband  had  lost  both  his  arms  or  legs,  or  become 
permanently  insane,  in  consequence  of  the  intoxication,  or  had 
otherwise  become  permanently  disabled  to  perform  physical 
labor,  and  had  survived,  the  result  to  the  wife  would  have  been 
precisely  the  same.  Her  injury,  in  either  case,  would  consist  in 
the  deprivation  of  the  means  of  support  resulting  from  the  loss 
of  her  husband's  ability  to  labor.  There  is  not  the  slightest 
foundation,  in  reason  or  justice,  for  an  intention  upon  the  part 
of  the  legislature  to  authorize  a  recovery  for  an  illegal  sale 
causing  intoxication  resulting  in  injury,  where  death  does  not 
follow,  and  to  refuse  damages  where  death  results.  Indeed, 
there  is  much  more  reason  to  award  damages  for  the  injury  in 
the  latter  case  than  in  the  former.  That  the  legislature  in- 
tended to  authorize  a  recovery  in  the  one  case,  and  not  in  the 
other,  is  an  assumption  not  only  not  warranted  by,  but  in  clear 
contravention  of  the  express  provisions  of  the  statute."  ^^ 

Where  damages  for  death  of  a  husband  caused  by  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors  were  allowed,  it  was  held  that  the  jury 
might  estimate  the  damages,  with  reference  to  the  fact  that  it 
is  the  duty  of  the  husband  to  provide  the  wife  with  present 
support,  as  well  as  maintenance  for  the  future,  and  that  she  is 
entitled  to  such  a  sum  as,  in  a  pecuniary  point  of  view,  would 
make  her  whole.  ^' 

§  1249.  Means  of  support. 

The  plaintiff  may  recover  for  an  injury  to  her  means  of  sup- 
port from  any  cause.  ^^    The  damages  are  primarily  the  differ- 

22  Davis  V.  Justice,  31  Oh.  St.  359,  in  estimating  the  damages  where  death 

369,  27  Am.  Rep.  514.  has  ensued. 

2'  Rafferty  v.  Buckman,  46  la.  195.  "  Indiana:    Nelson    v.    Hunter,    32 

See  also  Roose  ».  Perkins,  9  Neb.  304,  Ind.  App.  88,  69  N.  E.  298. 

2  N.  W.  715,  31  Am.  Rep.  409,  for  a  Michigan:  Thomas   v.   Dansby,   74 

statement  of  the  facts  to  be  considered  Mich.  398,  41  N.  W.  1088;  Bowden  v. 


2566  DAMAGES  UNDER  CIVIL  DAMAOE   SfATOTES         |  1249 

ence  in  the  earnings  devoted  to  plaintiff's  support,  ^^  and  the 
plaintiff  may  therefore  show  what  the  means  of  support  were,^* 
as  for  instance  a  wife  may  show  the  occupation  and  business 
capacity  of  her  husband.  ='  In  Mulford  v.  Clewell,^*  the  plain- 
tiff's husband  was  an  habitual  drunkard.  He  squandered  his 
own  money,  sold  some  of  her  property,  and  became  unable 
to  work.  At  times  he  was  wild  and  delirious,  and  she  was 
obUged  to  attend  him,  and  had  been  put  in  much  fear,  and 
finally  compelled  to  leave  the  house.  It  was  held  that  it  was 
not  necessary  that  the  plaintiff  should  have  been  actually 
without  support,  or  at  any  time  have  been  deprived,  in  whole 
or  in  part,  of  means  of  support;  that  means  of  support  relates 
to  the  future  as  well  as  to  the  present;  that  it  is  enough  if  she 
show  that  the  sources  of  her  future  support  have  been  cut  off,  or 
diminished  below  what  is  reasonable  and  competent  for  a  per- 
son in  her  station  in  life,  and  below  what  they  otherwise  would 
have  been.  It  was  also  held,  that  it  need  not  appear  that  the 
injury  resulted  directly  and  immediately  from  the  drunken- 
ness, during  its  continuance,  but  sufficient  if  it  be  shown  to 
result  from  insanity,  sickness,  or  inabihty  produced  by  intoxi- 
cation; that  to  destroy  the  health  of  the  husband,  and  his  abil- 
ity to  labor,  is  to  destroy  her  means  of  support.  In  Dunlavey 
V.  Watson  ^'  it  was  held  proper  for  the  jury,  in  awarding  dam- 
ages to  the  wife,  to  consider  the  husband's  age,  condition  in 
life,  and  habits  of  industry,  and  ability  to  support  his  wife,  and, 
in  Wightman  v.  Devere,^"  where  the  plaintiff's  husband,  while 
intoxicated,  had  a  fall  and  was  injured  so  that  he  was  unable  to 
do  his  work  on  the  farm,  and  the  plaintiff  had  to  hire  another 

Voorheis,  135   Mich.  648,  98  N.  W.  "  Thomas  v.  Dansby,  74  Mich.  398, 

406.  41  N.  W.  1088. 

Nebraska:  Gorey  e.  Kelly,  64  Neb.  '^  Illinois:  Mayers  v.  Smith,  121  111. 

605,  90  N.  W.  554;  Keehng  v.  Pommer,  442,  13  N.  E.  216. 

83  Neb.  510,  120  N.  W.  155.  Michigan:  Manzer  v.   Phillips,   139 

New  Ycrrk:  Bemiett  v.  Levi,  19  N.  Y.  Mich.  61,  102  N.  W.  292. 

Supp.  226.  27  Jackson  v.  Noble,  54  la.  641,  7 

Ohio:  Schneider  v.  Hosier,  21  Oh.  St.  N.  W.  88. 

98;  Mulford  v.  Clewell,  21  Oh.  St.  191.  ^  21  Ohio  St.  191. 

So  a  wife  may  show  that  while  her  "^  38  la.  398;  ace.,  Buck  v.  Maddock, 

husband  was  absent  drinking  she  sup-  167  111.  219,  47  N.  E.  208. 

ported  herself  in  part  by  her  own  labor,  '"  33  Wis.  570,  14  Am.  Rep.  775. 
and  received  aid  from  the  county.    Fox 
V.  Wunderlich,  64  la.  187,  20  N.  W.  7. 


§  1249  MEAi^s  OF  stJppCRT  2567 

man  to  do  the  work,  and  had  to  pay  the  doctor's  bills,  it  was 
held  that  the  husband's  ability  to  labor  was  one  of  the  plaintiff's 
means  of  support,  and  that  an  injury  to  this  would  entitle  her 
to  recover;  that,  also,  the  physician's  bill  and  the  expenses 
of  hiring  a  man  to  work,  were  proper  items  of  claim  under  the 
statute.  But  in  Kellerman  v.  Arnold,"  where  the  plaintiff's 
husband  had  been  an  habitual  drunkard  for  years  before  the 
passage  of  the  act,  and  when  sober  could  earn  $3  to  $5  a  day, 
but  when  drunk  would  spend  all  his  earnings  for  drink,  and  had 
pawned  several  articles  to  defendant  for  drink,  it  was  held, 
three  judges  dissenting,  that  the  plaintiff  had  shown  no  injury 
to  property,  person,  or  means  of  support.  And  in  Meidel 
V.  Anthis,'^  where  the  husband  supported  his  family  by  the 
cultivation  of  land,  and  the  evidence  showed  that  the  plaintiff 
spent  her  time  in  nursing'  and  taking  care  of  her  husband, 
but  there  was  no  evidence  of  a  diminution  of  the  capacity  of  the 
husband  to  labor,  it  was  held  that  the  plaintiff  was  not  entitled 
to  recover;  In  Volans  v.  Owen,*'  the  defendant  sold  Uquor  to 
the  plaintiff's  son  who  became  intoxicated,  was  injm-ed,  and  was 
confined  to  his  bed  for  several  months.  The  only  evidence  of 
the  plaintiff's  pecuniary  condition  was  that  he  owned  and  cul- 
tivated a  farm  of  100  acres.  He  was  put  to  medical  expense  and 
was  deprived  of  the  aid  his  son  usually  gave  him  on  the  farm. 
It  was  held,  that  there  was  no  evidence  of  injury  to  the  plain- 
tiff's means  of  support.    The  court  said : 

"Where  injury  to  'means  of  support'  is  the  gravamen  of  the, 
action,  the  plaintiff,  in  order  to  maintain  the  action,  must  show 
that,  by  or  in  consequence  of  the  intoxication  or  the  acts  of  the 
intoxicated  person,  his  accustomed  means  of  maintenance  have 
been  cut  off  or  curtailed,  or  that  he  has  been  reduced  to  a  state 
of  dependence,  by  being  deprived  of  the  support  which  he 
had  before  enjoyed;  and,  in  this  case,  the  plaintiff  cannot  re- 
cover for  loss  of  service  or  the  expenses  of  his  son's  illness, 
under  the  words  'means  of  support,'  without  proof  that  the 
services  were  necessary  to  his  support,  or  that  the  charge 
brought  upon  him,  by  his  son's  illness,  diminished  his  means, 

"  71  HI.  632.  337.    For  construction  of  term  "means 

'271  111.  241.  of  support"  in  the  statute,  see,  also, 

»»  74  N.  Y.  526,  530,  30  Am.  Rep.     Schneider  v.  Hosier,  21  Oh.  St.  98. 


2568  DAMAGES  UNDER  CIVIL  DAMAGE   STATUTES         §  1249 

SO  as  to  render  them  inadequate  therefor.  The  primary  pur- 
pose of  the  legislature,  in  giving  a  right  of  action  for  an  injury  of 
this  character,  was  the  protection  of  the  dependent  and  helpless. 
Diminution  of  income,  or  loss  of  property,  does  not  constitute 
an  injury  to  means  of  support,  within  the  fair  intendment  of 
the  statute,  if  the  plaintiff,  notwithstanding,  has  adequate 
means  of  maintenance,  from  accumulated  capital  or  property, 
or  his  remaining  income  is  sufficient  for  his  support." 

In  Weitz  v.  Ewen  '^  it  was  held  that  the  jury  might  consider 
what  the  earnings  of  the  husband  would  have  been  if  sober. 
In  Sharpley  v.  Brown  '^  it  was  held  that  the  remarriage  of  the 
plaintiff  might  be  shown  as  bearing  on  the  means  of  support. 
Generally  speaking,  these  statutes  are  for  the  benefit  of  mar- 
ried women  and  children.  In  Michigan,  where  a  father  volun- 
tarily assumed  the  support  of  an  adult  son,  as  a  poor  person 
(under  a  statute),  it  was  held  that  he  might  recover  imder  the 
civil  damage  act,  for  his  outlay  in  necessary  support,  based 
on  the  probabilities  of  life  of  his  son  and  himseff.'®  Where  the 
gist  of  the  action  is  injury  to  the  means  of  support,  evidence 
is  usually  admissible  as  to  the  amount  necessary  for  such  sup- 
port under  ordinary  circumstances.'^  In  such  actions  the  fact 
that  the  plaintiff  was  previously  a  sober  and  industrious  man, 
and  afterwards  became  idle  and  neglected  his  work,  is  proper 
for  the  consideration  of  the  jury.'^  Where  the  action  is  simply 
for  the  injury  to  the  wife's  means  of  support,  it  is  error  to  allow 
evidence  as  to  the  number  of  children.'' 

The  probable  length  of  life  of  the  deceased  may  be  shown.'"' 
Generally  speaking,  in  these  actions  resort  may  be  had  to  the 
tables  in  common  use,  showing  the  expectation  of  life.*^  In 
Michigan  it  has  been  held  that  although  plaintiff's  husband 
had  been  a  dnmkard  for  ten  years  and  contributed  nothing 

"  50  la.  34.  »8  Jockers  v.  Borgman,  29  Kan.  109, 

»  43  Hun,  374.  44  Am.  Rep.  625. 

"  Clinton  v.  Laning,  61  Mich.  355,  "  Larzelere  v.  Kirchgessner,  73  Mich. 

28  N.  W.  125.  276,  41  N.  W.  488;  Johnson  v.  Schvdtz, 

"  Illinois:  McMahon  v.  Sankey,  133  74  Mich.  75,  41  N.  W.  865. 

lU.  636,  24  N.  E.  1026.  "  Betting  v.  Hobbett,   142  Dl.  72, 

Iowa:  Thill  v.  Pohlman,  76  la.  638,  30  N.  E.  1048. 

41  N.  W.  385.  "  Sellars  v.  Foster,  27  Neb.  118. 

Nebraska:   Warrick    r'.    Rounds,    17 
Xcb.  411. 


§§  1249a,  1250  other  damages  2569 

to  her  support,  still  she  is  entitled  at  least  to  the  amount  of 
his  earnings  spent  in  liquor."  Plaintiff  is  however  not  en- 
titled to  all  the  earnings  her  husband  would  have  made  if  the 
defendant  had  not  sold  him  liquor.  She  is  entitled  only  to 
what  she  would  have  received,  so  far  as  was  suitable  to  her 
station  and  situation  in  Ufe.*'  If  by  reason  of  the  husband's 
wealth  or  otherwise  his  wife  is  provided  with  reasonable  sup- 
port, she  cannot  recover  for  loss  of  support  simply  because 
he  neglects  his  business  or  earns  less  money  and  so  is  not  pos- 
sessed of  as  large  means  as  he  otherwise  would  be.*^ 

§  1249a.  Injury  to  property. 

Where  the  compensation  is  for  injury  to  property,  prospec- 
tive damages  are  allowed,  and  include  expenses  of  medicines 
and  medical  attendance,  the  necessity  of  doing  additional  labor, 
and  almost  every  species  of  pecuniary  damage.  ^^ 

§  1260.  Other  damages. 

The  cases  in  which  damages  are  given  for  injuries  other  than 
to  means  of  support  consequent  upon  the  intoxication  of  the 
person  doing  the  injury,  illustrate  the  general  rule  that  the  meas- 
ure of  damages  depends  upon  the  extent  of  the  injury.  Thus, 
in  Bertholf  v.  O'Reilly,^*  the  son  of  the  plaintiff,  on  a  Sunday, 
took  the  plaintiff's  horse,  saying  that  he  was  going  to  see 
a  friend,  but  instead  went  directly  to  the  defendant's  place 
and  became  intoxicated  there,  and,  being  in  such  a  state,  drove 
the  horse  so  violently  that  it  died.  It  was  held  that  he  could 
recover  the  value  of  the  horse.  In  Morenus  v.  Crawford  ^'  it  was 
held  that  plaintiff,  a  married  woman,  could  recover,  under  the 
civil  damage  act,  for  a  horse  belonging  to  her,  killed  by  her 
husband  while  intoxicated.  In  Aldrick  v.  Sager,^*  where  the  de- 
fendant sold  liquor  to  the  son-in-law  of  the  plaintiff,  who  be- 

"  Rouse  V.  Melsheimer,  82  Mich.  172.  Nebraska:  Keeling  v.   Pommer,   83 

"  McNetton  v.  Herb,  158  Mich.  525,  Neb.  610,  120  N.  W.  155. 

123  N.  W.  17.  Wigcmsin:  Wightman  v.  Devere,  33 

"  Confrey  v.  Stark,  73  III.  187.  Wis.  570. 

« lUinma:   McEvoy  v.   Humphrey,  «  8  Hun,  16;  aff'd  74  N.  Y.  509,  3 

77  111.  388  (see  Coleman  v.  People,  78  Am.  Rep.  323. 

111.  App.  210).  "51  Hun,  89. 

Michigan:  Thomas  v.   Dansby,   74  "  9  Hun,  537. 
Mich.  398,  41  N.  W,  1088. 


2570  iDAilAGES  UNDEB  CIVIL  bAMAGE   STATUTES         §  1251 

came  intoxicated  thereby,  and  in  consequence  thereof  drove  a 
team  behind  which  he  and  the  plaintiff's  wife  were  riding,  so 
recklessly  as  to  upset  the  wagon  and  break  the  wife's  arm,  it 
was  held  that  the  husband  was  entitled  to  recover  for  the  loss 
of  her  service  and  the  expense  of  medical  attendance.  In 
Kilburn  v.  Coe,^^  where  the  plaintiff's  intestate  was  an  habitual 
drunkard,  and  the  defendant  sold  him  Uquor,  it  was  held  that 
an  action  could  be  maintained  to  recover  money  paid  for  the 
hquor,  as  one  of  the  consequences  of  the  sale  was  to  deprive 
the  purchaser  of  the  price  paid.  In  Peterson  v.  Knoble,^" 
where  plaintiff's  husband  became  intoxicated  from  Uquor 
sold  by  the  defendant,  and  by  threatening  and  frightening 
the  plaintiff,  compelled  her  to  leave  the  house  and  remain 
away  until  he  became  sober,  it  was  held  that  turning  the  plain- 
tiff out  of  doors  was  an  injury  for  which  an  action  could  be 
maintained  by  her. 

The  plaintiff  may  recover  compensation  for  the  subsequent 
thriftless  career  of  the  victim,  and  his  becoming  an  habitual 
drunkard,  and  being  unable  to  obtain  employment;  "  and  the 
costs  and  expenses  of  actions,  both  civil  and  criminal,  brought 
against  the  victim  in  consequence  of  his  drinking  may  also  be 
recovered.'^ 

§  1251.  Sales  by  several  persons. 

The  question  of  the  liability,  under  the  statute,  of  several 
persons  for  the  result  of  injuries  done  by  a  person  intoxicated 
on  liquor  purchased  from  them,  has  also  come  before  the  courts, 
and,  in  Boyd  v.  Watt,^'  where  the  plaintiff's  husband  was 
a  practicing  physician,  and  became  an  habitual  drunkard, 
and  died  from  the  effects:  it  was  held,  that  the  defendant 
was  only  liable  for  his  own  illegal  acts,  but  that  this  was  an 
action  for  damages  on  account  of  habitual  intoxication,  not 

'^  48  How.  Pr.  144.     But  see  Mc-  It  has,  however,  been  held  that  the 

Netton  V.  Herb,   158  Mich.  525,  123  trouble  and  discomfort  the  intoxicated 

N.  W.  17.  person  afterwards  found  in  doing  his 

'» 35  Wis.  80.  work  is  not  cause  for  compensation. 

'*  Kansas:  Jockers  v.  Borgman,  29  Borgasen  v.  Eklund,  96  111.  App.  443. 

Kan.  109,  44  Am.  Rep.  625.  "  Wesnieski    v.   Vanek    (Neb.),    99 

Nebraska:   Stahnka   v.    Kreitle,    66  N.  W.  258. 

Neb.  829,  92  N.  W.  1042.  '•'  27  Oh.  St.  259. 


§  1261  Sales  by  several  peiis6ns  S57l 

for  special  cases  of  intoxication.  That  if  defendant's  course 
was  one  which  tended  to  produce  this,  he  was  Uable  for  all 
damages,  although  others  may  have  contributed.  That  he  was 
one  of  the  joint  tort-feasers,  and  the  fact  that  no  conspiracy  or 
agreement  existed  between  the  tort-feasors  did  not  make  any 
difference;  each  was  liable  for  all  damages.  In  Woolheather 
V.  Risley  ^*  it  was  held  that  the  fact  that  defendant  was  aided 
by  others  in  committing  a  wrong,  and  did  not  do  it  solely, 
would  not  relieve  him  from  the  consequences  of  that  wrong, 
if  he  contributed  to  the  intoxication.  In  Jewett  v.  Wanshura,^^ 
where  several  persons  had  sold  intoxicating  liquors  to  the 
husband,  a  settlement  by  the  wife  with  one  of  them,  it  was  held, 
did  not  operate  to  discharge  the  others  from  Uability;  but,  in 
Morenus  v.  Crawford,^*  where  the  plaintiff  brought  an  action 
against  the  defendants  to  recover  the  value  of  a  horse  belonging 
to  her  separate  estate,  which  was  killed  by  her  husband  while 
intoxicated  on  Uquors  purchased  from  the  defendants,  it  was 
held  that  no  recovery  could  be  had  on  evidence  of  separate 
sales. 

On  the  other  hand,  in  Iowa,  it  seems  to  be  now  settled  that 
where  there  are  a  series  of  sales  a  joint  action  will  not  lie,  and 
the  defendant  is  not  Uable  for  damages  to  which  he  did  not 
contribute. ''  In  Massachusetts  it  has  been  held  that,  in  an 
action  for  causing  intoxication,  the  defendant  is  liable  for  any 
results  of  intoxication,  although  the  liquor  sold  by  the  defend- 
ant contributed  only  in  part  to  the  intoxication;  but  he  is  not 
Uable  for  the  formation  of  habits  of  intoxication  where  other 
parties  sold  Uquor.**  The  present  Nebraska  statute  makes 
every  one  who  contributes  to  the  intoxication  Uable.  ^'    Under 

"  38  la.  486.  la.  486.    Where,  however,  the  suit  is 

"  43  la.  574.  based  on  a  single  intoxication,  all  who 

^  15  Hun,  45.  contributed  to  it  are  liable.    Faivre  v. 

"Huggins  V.  Kavanagh,  52  la.  368;  Manderschied,  117  la.  724,  90  N.  W. 

Jackson   v.  Noble,  54   la.    641;   ace,  76. 

Kirchner  v.  Myera,  35  Oh.  St.  85,  35  '»  Bryant  v.  Tidgewell,  133  Mass.  86. 

Am.  Rep.  598;  Ennis  v.  Shiley,  47  la.  "  Kerkow  v.  Bauer,   15   Neb.   150; 

552;  Engleken  v.  Webber,  47  la.  558;  Elshire  v.  Schuyler,  15  Neb.  561;  Jones 

Kearney   v.    Fitzgerald,    43    la.    580;  v.  Bates,  26  Neb.  693,  42  N.  W.  753. 

Hitchner  v.  Ehlers,  44  la.  40;  La  France  But  the  fact  that  the  husband  drank  to 

V.  Krayer,  42  la.  143;  Flint  v.  Gauer,  excess  in  other  saloons  before  defend- 

66  la.  696;  Richmond  v.  Shickler,  57  ant  sold  him  liquor  may  be  shown  to 


2572  DAMAGES  TTNDER  CIVIL  DAMAGE   STATUTES         §  1252 

the  Kansas  statute  each  seller  is  responsible.*"  Where  a  sale 
of  liquor  throws  a  man  back  into  habits  of  intoxication  which 
he  had  abandoned  the  plaintiff  may  recover  for  the  consequent 
loss  of  support." 

§  1252.  Acquiescence  a  bar. 

Acquiescence  by  the  persons  seeking  to  recover  in  the  obtain- 
ing of  Uquor  for  the  person  doing  the  injury,  or  in  uniting  with 
him  in  drinking,  or  permitting  him  to  drink,  when  the  party 
bringing  the  action  might  have  interposed  and  prevented,  are 
held  sufficient  to  bar  a  recovery  under  the  statute.®^  Thus,  in 
Engleken  v.  Hilger  *^  it  was  held  that  the  wife  could  not  recover 
damages  from  the  seller  of  intoxicating  liquors  for  injuries 
conmiitted  by  her  husband  upon  herself,  while  he  was  intoxi- 
cated, if  she  has  contributed  to  his  intoxication  by  purchasing 
the  liquor,  or  joining  with  him  in  drinking  it.  In  Reget  v. 
Bell,**  the  plaintiff's  husband,  who  was  a  hard-working  man, 
subject  to  occasional  fits  of  intemperance,  but  who  treated  her 
kindly  at  all  times,  bought  a  jug  of  whiskey  and  put  it  by  his 
bedside  one  night,  and  in  the  morning  it  was  nearly  all  gone. 
He  died  from  the  effects  of  the  liquor;  and  it  was  held  that, 
from  the  testimony,  it  was  plain  that  the  plaintiff  could  have 
taken  the  whiskey  away  from  her  husband;  and,  from  the 
evidence  as  to  character,  it  would  not  do  for  her  to  say  she  was 
afraid,  but  she  must  be  considered  to  have  been  a  willing  party 
to  her  husband's  conduct,  and,  therefore,  could  not  recover. 
But  where  the  acquiescence  of  the  wife  is  attended  with  cir- 
cumstances which  justify  the  conclusion  that  she  acted  under 
the  coercion  of  her  husband,  her  acquiescence  in  the  sale  of  the 
liquor  to  him  will  be  no  defence.  Thus,  in  Jewett  v.  Wan- 
shura,®^  where  the  plaintiff  forbade  the  defendant  to  sell  liquor 
to  her  husband,  but  a  day  or  two  thereafter  the  plaintiff  and 

affect  the  amount  of  recovery.     Uld-  58  N.  W.  476,  evidence  that  plaintiff 

rich  V.  Gilmore,  35  Neb.  288,  53  N.  W.  had  herself  furnished  her  husband  with 

135.  liquor  was  allowed  in  mitigation. 

6°  Jockers  v.  Borgman,  29  Kan.  109,  "  43    la.    563;    ace,    McDonald    v. 

44  Am.  Rep.  625.  Casey,  84  Mich.  505,  47  N.  W.  1104 

"Selders  v.  Brothers,  88  Neb.  61,  (semble). 

129  N.  W.  170.  "  77  111.  593.    See,  also,  Kearney  t;. 

62  Elliott  V.  Barry,  34  Hun,  129.    In  Fitzgerald,  43  la.  580. 

Cramer  t.   Danielson,   99   Mich.   531,  6*  ,43  la.  574. 


§§  1253,  1254  EXEMPLAEY  DAMAGES  2573 

her  husband  went  to  the  defendant's  saloon,  and  counter- 
manded her  previous  order,  and  the  plaintiff  proved  that  she 
was  compelled  to  retract  her  order  by  the  threats  of  her  husband 
that  he  would  abandon  her  and  take  her  child  from  her;  al- 
though knowledge  of  these  threats  was  not  brought  home  to 
the  defendant,  it  was  held  that  there  was  a  reasonable  inference 
to  be  drawn  from  the  conduct  of  the  plaintiff,  that  she  acted 
under  restraint,  and  that  the  defendant  was  therefore  liable. 
The  act  of  a  married  woman  in  signing  a  petition  for  defend- 
ant's license  as  a  seller  does  not  operate  as  a  bar;  it  is  no  ac- 
quiescence in  his  subsequently  injuring  her  by  a  violation  of 
the  act.^^ 

§  1253.  Avoidable  consequences. 

As  acquiescence  is  a  bar,  so  no  doubt  the  rule  of  avoidable 
consequences  applies.  The  remarks  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Nebraska,  in  Warrick  v.  Rounds,^^  on  this  subject  only  go  to 
show  that  the  rule  was  not  applicable  under  the  circumstances 
under  consideration. 

§  1264.  Exemplary  damages. 

Exemplary  damages  may  be  recovered  under  the  statute; '' 
but,  as  in  all  cases,  they  can  only  be  recovered  where  actual 
damages  are  sustained.^'    And  where  the  defendant's  servant, 

««  Jockers  v.  Borgman,  29  Kan.  109,  Ante,  §  377a. 

44  Am.  Rep.  625.  In  Nebraska,  in  accordance  with  the 

"  17  Neb.  411.  doctrine  there  held,  exemplary  dam- 

*'  Illinois:  Lowry  v.  Coster,  91  111.  ages  are  not  allowed  without  express 

182;  Wolfe  v.  Johnson,  152  111.  280,  38  statutory    provision    to    that    effect. 

N.  E.  886;  Beckerle  v.  Brandon,  229  Roose  v.  Perkins,  9  Neb.  304,  2  N.  W. 

111.  180,  82  N.  E.  283,  affirming  133  111.  715,  31  Am.  Rep.  409. 

App.  114.  In   Michigan   the   term   exemplary 

Maine:  Campbell  v.  Harmon,  96  Me.  damages  means  increased  damages  on 

87,  51  Atl.  801.  account  of  mental  suffering.    Boydan 

Michigan:     Theisen    v.    Johns,    72  v.  Haberstumpf,  129  Mich.  137,  88  N. 

Mich.  285,  40  N.  W.  727.  W.  386. 

Ohio:  Bean  v.  Green,  33  Oh.  St.  444.  «'  Illinois:  Freese  v.  Tripp,   70  111. 

West  Virginia:  Mayer  v.  Frobe,  40  496;  McEvoy  v.  Humphrey,  77  111.  388; 

W.  Va.  246,  22  S.  E.  58  (overruling  McMahon  v.  Sankey,  133  111.  636,  24 

Pegram  v.  Stortz,  31  W.  Va.  220,  6  S.  E.  N.  E.  1027;  Kennedy  v.  Sullivan,  136 

485);  McMaster  v.  Dyer,  44  W.  Va.  111.  94,  26  N.  E.  382;  Meidel  v.  Anthis, 

644,  29  S.  E.  1016.  71  111.  241;  Fentz  v.  Meadows,  72  111. 


2574  DAMAGES   UNDER   CIVIL  DAMAGE   STATUTES         §  1254 

in  disobedience  of  his  master's  order,  sold  liquor  to  the  plain- 
tiff's husband,  who  became  intoxicated,  and  thereby  the 
plaintiff  was  injured  in  her  means  of  support,  it  was  held  that 
the  court  below  should  have  instructed  the  jiuy  that  exempkry 
damages  could  not  be  awarded,  unless  the  act  of  giving  or 
selling  intoxicating  liquor  to  the  husband  of  the  plaintiff  was 
wilful.'"  To  the  same  effect  see  Ganssly  v.  Perkins.'^  It  is  also 
held  that  the  defendant  can  show,  in  mitigation  of  exemplary 
damages,  that  the  liquor  was  sold  by  his  servant  in  disobedience 
of  his  order.'^ 

In  New  York,  where  the  statute  expressly  allows  exemplary 
damages,  the  fact  that  the  defendant  was  selling  liquor  without 
a  license  may  be  considered  as  a  basis  for  exemplary  damages.^' 
The  ordinary  common-law  rules  govern  the  allowance  of  ex- 
emplary damages,  and  malice  or  some  bad  motive  or  evil  intent 
or  gross  negligence,  must  be  shown.'*  In  Secor  v.  Taylor,'*  the 
court  says  that  if  half  a  dozen  actions  are  brought  for  the  single 
act  of  permitting  lessees  to  sell,  the  defendant  should  at  least 
be  entitled  to  have  any  prior  judgments  for  exemplary  damages 
brought  before  the  jury,  in  order  that  they  may  know  how 
much  punishment  has  already  been  inflicted.  In  Ketcham  v. 
Fox  '8  it  was  held  that  a  lessor,  in  the  absence  of  any  evidence 
to  show  that  he  had  knowledge  of  the  circumstances  under 

540;  Graham  w.  Fulford,  73  111.  596;  Al-  "Fentz  v.   Meadows,   72   111.   540; 

brecht  v.  Walker,  73  111.  69;  Neu  v.  Mc-  Freeze  v.  Tripp,  70  111.  496.     In  Ne- 

Kechnie,  95  111.  632.  braska  it  is  held  that  no  exemplary 

Iowa:  Weitz  v.  Ewen,  50  la.  34;  Fox  damages  can  be  given.    Roose  v.  Per- 

V.  Wunderlich,  64  la.  187,  20  N.  W.  7.  kins,  9  Neb.  304,  31  Am.  Rep.  409. 

Causing  the  plaintiff's  husband  to  use  "  Davis  v.  Standish,  26  Hun,  608. 

threatening  language,   etc.,   is  not  a  '*  Illinois:  Kellerman  v.  Arnold,  71 

ground  for  exemplary  damages.    Callo-  111.  632;  Kadgin  v.  Miller,  13  LI.  App. 

way  V.  Laydon,  47  la.  456,  29  Am.  Rep.  474. 

489.  Michigan:  Larzelere  v.  Kirchgessner, 

Maine:  Gilmore  v.  Mathews,  67  Me.  73  Mich.  276,  41  N.  W.  488. 

517.  New  York:  Reid  v.  Terwilliger,  116 

Michigan:   Ganssly   v.   Perkins,   30  N.  Y.  530,  22  N.  E.  1091;  RawUns  v. 

Mich.  492;  Rouse  v.  Melsheimer,  82  Vidvard,  34  Hun,  205. 

Mich.  172,  46  N.  W.  372;  Rosecrants  v.  Wisconsin:    Wightman    v.    Devere, 

Shoemaker,  60  Mich.  4.  33  Wis.  570. 

New   York:  Mead  v.  Stratton,   87  'Ml  Hun,  123;  c/.  Reid ».  Terwilliger, 

N.  Y.  493,  41  Am.  Rep.  386.  42  Hun,  310. 

"  Kreiter  v.  Nichols,  28  Mich.  496.  «  52  Hun,  284. 

"  30  Mich.  492. 


§  1255  CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES  2575 

which  the  liquor  was  sold,  was  not  liable  in  exemplary  damages. 
It  is  held  in  Iowa  that  exemplary  damages  may  be  recovered 
wherever  there  has  been  a  wilful  violation  of  the  statute." 

Exemplary  damages  are  awarded  on  account  of  the  mis- 
conduct of  the  defendant.  Hence,  where  the  evidence  showed 
that  the  plaintiff  notified  defendant  not  to  sell  any  more  liquor 
to  her  husband,  he  being  an  habitual  drunkard,  and  his  habits 
being  necessarily  known  to  defendant,  it  was  held  that  the  case 
came  within  the  rule.'*  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  erroneous  to 
require  the  jury  to  find  exemplary  damages  if  they  find  actual 
damages.  This  is  for  the  jury  to  determine  under  proper  in- 
structions." In  Indiana,  where  the  act  is  punishable  crimi- 
nally, exemplary  damages  are  not  allowed.'" 

In  an  action  on  a  liquor-dealer's  bond,  since  the  action 
sounds  in  contract,  exemplary  damages  cannot  be  recovered.*^ 

§  1265.  Consequential  damages. 

The  question  what  damages  are  remote  from  the  wrongful 
sale  of  liquor,  in  an  action  upon  the  Civil  Damage  Act,  is  a 
question  which  is  not  always  decided  as  strictly  as  at  common- 
law.  The  court  often  allows  recovery  for  injuries  which  in 
ordinary  cases  would  be  regarded  as  remote;  though  of  course 
if  no  connection  whatever  can  be  shown  between  the  intoxica- 
tion and  the  injury  a  recovery  will  not  be  allowed.*^  Thus,  in 
a  case  in  Illinois,  where  an  habitual  drunkard  was  killed  while 
in  a  state  of  intoxication,  and  his  wife  brought  a  joint  action 

"  Fox  V.  Wunderlich,  64  la.  187,  20  '» Schafer   v.    Smith,    63    Ind.    226; 

N.  W.  7;  Miller  t>.  Hammers,  93  la.  746,  Koerner  v.  Oberly,  56  Ind.  284,  26 

61  N.  W.  1087.  Am.  Rep.  34. 

So  in  Ohio:  Schneider  v.  Hosier,  21  "  Illinois:  Cobb  v.  People,  84  III. 

Oh.  St.  98.  511. 

™  Joekers  v.  Borgman,  29  Kan.  109,  Iowa:  Richmond  v.  Shickler,  57  la. 

44  Am.   Rep.   625.     In  Michigan,  it  486,  10  N.  W.  882. 

seems,  a  mere  notice  not  to  sell  is  South  Dakota:  Garrigan «.  Thompson, 

enough.    Larzelere  v.  Kirchgessner,  73  17  S.  D.  132,  95  N.  W.  294. 

Mich.  276,  41  N.  W.  488;  Rouse  v.  Ante,  §  683. 

Melsheimer,  82  Mich.  172,  46  N.  W.  ^^  Illinois:  McMahon  v.  Sankey,  133 

372.  111.  636,  24  N.  E.  1027. 

"  Illinois:  Tetzner  v.  Naughton,  12  Indiana:  Mulcahey  v.  Givens,   115 

III.  App.  148;  Schimmelfenig  v.  DoUr  Ind.  286. 

ovan,  13  111.  App.  47.  Michigan:  Steele  v.  Thompson,  42 

But  see  Imva:  Thill  v.  Pohlman,  76  Mich.  594. 
la.  638,  41  N.  W.  385. 


2576  DAMAGES   UNDER   CIVIL  DAMAGE   STATUTES         §  1255 

against  certain  persons  who  sold  him  liquor  on  the  day  of  his 
death,  and  others  who  were  charged  with  causing  the  habit  of 
intoxication,  it  was  held  that  the  latter  could  not  be  charged, 
the  sales  on  the  day  of  his  death  being  an  intervening  cause.*' 

Where  the  intoxication  causes  illness  or  insanity,  the  de- 
fendant is  Uable  for  it;**  thus  illness  caused  by  exposure  to  the 
elements  as  a  result  of  the  intoxication  is  chargeable  to  the 
defendant.*^  On  the  other  hand,  it  has  been  held  that  where 
money  was  taken  by  thieves  from  the  drunkard  while  he  was 
helpless  from  intoxication  it  could  not  be  recovered  from  the 
defendant.*® 

Where  the  person  who  has  become  intoxicated  on  liquor 
furnished  by  defendant  starts  home  in  a  vehicle  and  because 
of  his  intoxication  he  falls  out  of  the  wagon  *^  or  his  horse  runs 
away,**  the  defendant  is  liable  for  the  resulting  injury.  But 
where  the  intoxicated  person  lay  down  in  bottom  of  his  wagon 
going  home  and  a  barrel  rolled  on  him  and  killed  him,  it  was 
held  too  remote.**  So  if,  while  on  his  way  home,  the  intoxicated 
person  is  drowned  by  a  freshet  *•  or  run  over  by  a  train  *^  the 
defendant  has  been  held  responsible.  Where  after  being  made 
drunk  by  the  defendant,  he  made  an  attack  upon  a  neighbor's 
house,  and  was  killed,  this  result  was  held  too  remote  for  com- 
pensation.*^ When  he  made  an  assault,  this  was  held  remote;  *' 
and  a  fortiori  his  imprisonment,  as  a  result  of  such  assault  has 
been  held  remote.**  But  in  a  New  York  case,  the  plaintiff 
alleged  that  her  husband  had  been  made  intoxicated  through 

8'  Tetzner  v.  Naughton,  12  ID.  App.  "  Illinois:  Schroder  ».  Crawford,  94 
148;  cf.  Murphy  i;.  Curran,  24  111.  App.  Bl.  357,  34  Am.  Rep.  236. 
475.  Massachusetts:    McNary    v.    Black- 
s' Mulford    V.    Qewell,  21   Oh.  St.  bum,  180  Mass.  141,  61  X.  E.  885. 
191.  Contra,  Indiana:  Collier  v.  Early,  54 

«5  Nelson  v.  Hunter,  32  Ind.  App.  88,  Ind.  559. 

69  N.  E.  298.  «  Schmidt  v.  MitcheU,  84  lU.   195, 

"  Gage  V.  Harvey,  66  Ark.  68,  48  25  Am.  Rep.  446.     And  so  where  he 

S.  W;  898.  was  injured  in  an  assault  upon  a  third 

s'  Mead  v.  Stratton,  87  N.  Y.  493,  party.    Currier  v.  McKee,  99  Me.  364, 

41  Am.  Rep.  386.  59  Atl.  442. 

Thinlap  v.  Wagner,  85  Ind.  529,  "Swinfin  v.  Lowiy,  37  Minn.  345, 

44  Am.  E«p.  42;  Mulcahey  v.  Givens,  34  N.  W.  22;  contra,  where  the  assault 

115  Ind.  286,  17  N.  E.  598.  was  on  the  wife.     Minot  v.  Doherty, 

»  Krach  v.  Heihnan,  53  Ind.  517.  203  Mass.  37,  89  X.  E.  188. 

"  Hackett  v.  Smelsley,  77  Rl.  109.  "  Bradford  v.  Boley,   167  Pa.  506, 


§  1255  CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES  2577 

the  defendant's  selling  to  him;  that  while  so  intoxicated  he 
shot  and  killed  one  B,  and  was  thereupon  tried  and  convicted, 
and  sent  to  prison  for  life.  Under  these  circumstances  it  was 
held  that  his  wife  could  recover  for  deprivation  of  means  of 
support.*' 

The  deceased,  having  become  intoxicated,  got  into  a  quarrel, 
went  with  his  opponent  for  some  distance  into  a  vacant  lot  and 
there  fought  him,  and  while  they  were  fighting,  somebody 
shouted  "police,"  whereupon  the  drunken  man  ran  away  into 
another  lot  and  there  fell  into  a  hole  and  was  killed.  It  was 
held  that  this  was  not  the  proximate  consequence  of  the  sale  of 
liquor.  If  he  had  injured  himself  while  going  home  along  the 
highway  or  had  been  rxm  over  by  a  train  on  his  way  home,  or 
if  he  had  been  injured  by  a  person  whom  he  had  assaulted,  that 
might  be  proximate,  but  this  was  not.^ 

On  the  other  hand,  where  as  a  result  of  drinking  the  drinker 
committed  suicide,  this  was  held  proximate  to  the  sale.*^  And 
in  an  extreme  case  where  the  plaintiff's  husband  while  intoxi- 
cated sold  her  personal  property  she  was  allowed  to  recover  its 
value.*  But  where  plaintiff  was  following  her  husband  to  see 
where  he  obtained  his  liquor  and  as  he  came  out  of  defendant's 
saloon  in  order  to  get  out  of  his  sight  she  hurried  and  sUpped  on 
the  sidewalk  and  was  injured,  it  was  held  not  the  proximate 
consequence  of  her  husband's  intoxication.'*  But  where  the 
defendant,  in  violation  of  a  statute,  sold  hquor  to  a  slave,  who 
died  of  drunkeimess  and  exposure,  the  jury  held  the  death  to 
be  the  natural  result  of  the  defendant's  act,  and  he  was  there- 
fore obhged  to  give  compensation  for  it.^* 

31  Atl.  751.     Or  where  he  was  im-  wife  while  drunk  and  committed  sui- 

prisoned  for  burglary  committed  while  dde). 

intoxicated.    Dennison  v.  Van  Wonner,         South  Dakota:  Garrigan  v.  Kennedy, 

107  Mich.  461,  65  X.  W.  274.  19  S.  Dak.  11,  101  N.  W.  1081  (com- 

'*  Beere  o.  Walhizer,  43  Hun,  254;  mitted  suicide  after  becoming  sober). 
ace.,  Homire  ».  Halfman,  156  Ind.  470,         *  Mulfoid  v.  aewell,  21  Oh.  St.  191. 

60  X.  E.  164.  So  where  the  intoxication  deprived  the 

»  Boach  V.  Kelly,  194  Pa.  24,  44  Atl.  drunkard's  son  of  school  books.   Stratt- 

1090,  75  Am.  St.  Rep.  685.  man  v.  Moore,  134  HI.  App.  275. 

"  Iowa:  BistUne  v.  Ney,  134  la.  172,         "  Johnson    v.    Drummond,    16    111. 

Ill  N.  W.  422, 13  L.  R.  A.  (X.  S.)  1158.  App.  641. 

New  York:  Xeu  v.  McKechnie,  95  ™  Harrison  v.   Berkeley,   1   Strohb. 

N.  Y.  632,  47  Am.  Rep.  89  OdUed  his  (S.  C.)  L.  525,  47  Am.  Dec.  578. 

162 


2578  DAMAGES  UNDER   CIVIL  DAMAGE   STATUTES  §  1256 

The  attempt  has  been  made  in  Georgia,  which  has  no  civil 
damage  statute,  to  apply  the  principle  of  these  acts  to  the 
statute  allowing  a  recovery  for  death  caused  by  crime,  or 
"criminal  or  other  negligence."  But  the  court  not  being  able 
to  find  the  necessary  causal  connection  between  the  act  of 
furnishing  to  a  third  person,  and  the  death  of  the  plaintiff, 
refused  to  hold  the  defendant  liable,  i"  In  New  York  it  seems 
to  be  settled  that  when  death  ensues,  the  question  is  not 
whether  the  death  was  the  natural,  reasonable,  or  probable 
consequence  of  defendant's  act,  but  it  was  enough  if  intoxica- 
tion, caused  in  whole  or  in  part  by  liquors  sold  by  the  defend- 
ant, was  the  cause  of  the  death,  if  by  reason  thereof  plaintiff's 
means  of  support  were  injuriously  affected. ^"^ 

§  1256.  Mental  suffering. 

It  is  clearly  settled  that  mental  suffering  is  not  a  ground  for. 
the  recovery  of  damages,  under  the  statute,  where  by  its  terms 
the  recovery  is  confined  to  cases  of  injury  to  person  or  prop- 
gj-^yios  g^j^  ^Yie  statute  may  be  broader  than  this.  Thus,  in 
Michigan,  it  covers  any  injury,  and  accordingly  in  that  State 
it  has  been  held  that  it  would  be  a  "mockery  of  justice"  to  ex- 
clude evidence  of  mental  anguish,  disgrace,  and  loss  of  society 
and  companionship  in  the  case  of  a  married  woman;  i"*  but 
this  is  confined  to  shame,  mortification,  and  grief  arising  from 
the  intoxication  itself  and  not  grief  from  an  injury  received 
by  the  intoxicated  person.'"^ 

>"  Belding  v.  Johnson,  86  Ga.  177,  12  Iowa:  Kearney  v.  Fitzgerald,  43  la. 

S.  E.  304.  580;  Calloway  v.  Laydon,  47  la.  456,  29 

"2  New  York:  Beers  v.  Walhizer,  43  Am.  Rep.  489;  Jackson  v.  Noble,  54  la. 

Hun,  254;  Blatz  v.  Rohrbach,  42  Hun,  641,  7  N.  W.  88. 

402;  Volans  v.  Owen,  74  N.  Y.  529,  30  Ohio:  Mulford  v.  Clewell,  21  Oh.  St. 

Am.  Rep.  337;  Mead  v.  Stratton,  87  191. 

N.  Y.  496,  41  Am.  Rep.  386;  Neu  v.  i»^  Friend   v.  Dunks,  37   Mich.  25; 

McKechnie,  95  N.  Y.  636;  McCarty  v.  Johnson  v.  Schultz,  74  Mich.  75,  41 

WeUs,  51  Hun,  172;  s.  c.  4  N.  Y.  Supp.  N.  W.  865;  Radley  v.  Seider,  99  Mich. 

672.  431,  58  N.  W.  366;  Lucker  v.  Liske,  111 

'»3  Illinois:  Freeze  v.  Tripp,  70  111.  Mich.  683,  70  N.  W.  421.    See  Clmton 

496;   Meidel   v.   Anthis,    71    111.   241;  w.  Laning,  61  Mich.  355,  28  N.  W.  125. 

Brantigan  v.  While,  73  111.  561.  '»5  sissing  v.  Beach,  99  Mich.  439,  58 

Indiana:  Koemer  v.  Oberly,  56  Ind.  N.  W.  364. 
284. 


CHAPTER  LIV 


DAMAGES  IN  EQUITY 

§  1256a.  Allowance  of  damages  by  a  §  1256f.   Damages  granted  for  the  pro- 
court  of  equity.  tection  of  the  defendant. 

1256b.  Power   of   English    court   of  1256g.  Taking  of  an  account. 

equity  to  award  damages.  1256h.  Damages  against  a  trustee  for 

1256c.  Damages  as  incidental  relief.  breach  of  trust. 

1256d.  Damages  on  failure  to  obtain  1256i.   Time  to  which  damages  are 


equitable  relief. 

1256e.  No  damages  where  plaintiff  1256].   Damages    assessed    on    legal 
should   not  have   sued    in  principles, 

equity.  1256k.  Interest. 

§  1256a.  Allowance  of  damages  by  a  court  of  equity. 

A  court  of  equity  will  not  in  general  grant  relief  by  the  allow- 
ance of  damages.  It  is  a  general  principle  of  the  equity  juris- 
diction that  it  will  not  be  afforded  when  there  is  an  adequate 
remedy  at  law,  and  as  a  court  of  law  is  peculiarly  competent  to 
give  a  judgment  for  money  damages,  it  is  very  seldom  the 
case  that  a  court  of  equity  can  be  called  upon  to  grant  pecun- 
iary compensation.  The  fact  that  in  equity  relief  is  adminis- 
tered without  trial  by  jury,  makes  it  peculiarly  important  that 
its  jurisdiction  should  not  be  extended  and  that  wherever  a 
court  of  law  has  complete  power  to  do  justice,  the  court  of 
equity  should  not  by  its  interference  deprive  the  defendant  of 
the  benefit  of  jury  trial. ^  Where,  as  is  now  often  the  case,  the 
same  court  administers  both  legal  and  equitable  relief,  this 
argument  has  become  less  important,  as  it  is  always  in  the 
power  of  the  court  to  have  the  issue  tried  by  jury  even  though 
it  arises  in  the  course  of  a  suit  asking  for  equitable  relief.^ 

§  1256b.  Power  of  English  court  of  equity  to  award  damages. 
While  the  granting  of  damages  in  equity  is  not  commonly 

•Woodman  v.  Freeman,  25  Me.  531.      Co., '56  App.  Div.  9,  67  N.  Y.  Supp. 
2  See  McNutty  o.  Mt.  Morris  E.  L.      395. 

2579 


2580  DAMAGES   IN   EQUITY  §  1256b 

provided,  it  is  nevertheless  entirely  within  the  power  of  the 
court  to  administer  relief  in  this  form.  As  early  as  the  reign 
of  Richard  II.,  the  chancellor  was  given  power  by  statute  to 
award  damages  in  his  discretion.'  Modern  legislation  in  Eng- 
land ^  provides  that  in  all  cases  in  which  the  Court  of  Chancery 
has  jurisdiction  to  entertain  an  application  for  an  injunction 
against  a  breach  of  any  contract,  covenant,  or  agreement,  or 
against  the  commission  or  continuance  of  any  wrongful  act, 
or  for  the  specific  performance  of  any  contract,  covenant,  or 
agreement,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  same  court,  if  it  think  fit, 
to  award  damages  to  the  party  injured,  either  in  addition  to 
or  substitution  for  such  injunction  or  specific  performance,  and 
that  such  damages  may  be  assessed  by  a  jury,,  or  before  the 
court  itself,  as  it  shall  think  fit.^  But  under  this  act,  it  was  held 
by  Wood,  V.  C,  that  the  court  will  not  award  damages  in  ad- 
dition to  a  decree  for  specific  performance  where  it  does  not 
appear  that  the  plaintiff  has  sustained  any  special  injury.^ 
Nor,  after  making  a  decree  for  specific  performance,  can  it  add 
an  order  assessing  damages  for  the  breach  of  the  covenant.^ 
Nor  can  it  award  the  damages  unless  there  is  an  agreement 
capable  of  being  specifically  performed.*  In  cases  where,  under 
this  statute,  the  court,  instead  of  granting  an  injunction  against 
interference  with  the  complainanf^s  right,  may  give  compensa- 
tion, the  compensation  is  given  once  for  all;  it  cannot  be  given, 
as  in  an  action  at  law,  toties  quoties.^  It  is  questionable  whether, 
even  under  the  codes  of  practice  in  the  American  States, 
comprehensive  as  they  are,  such  a  jurisdiction  could  be  exer- 
cised as  that  conferred  by  this  English  legislation,'"  which  was 
continued  and  even  increased  under  the  Judicature  Act.'' 

3 10  Rich.  2.  9  Stokes  v.  The  City  Offices  Co.,  13 

<  21  and  22  Vict.,  c.  27  (Sir  Hugh  L.  T.  R.  81. 

Cairns'  Act).  i»See  Troy  v.  Clarke,  30  Cal.  419. 

'  See  Durell  v.  Pritchard,  L.  R.  1  Ch.  Where  courts  of  equity  exercise  juris- 

244.  diction  to  assess  damages,   as  in  tlie 

'  Chinnock  v.   Marchioness  of  Ely,  case  of  a  wrongful  taking  and  deten- 

2  H.  &  M.  220.  tion  of  property,  they  will  give  neither 

'  Corporation  of  Hythe  v.  East,  L.  R.  vindictive    nor   speculative    damages, 

1  Eq.  620.  but   compensation   only.     Sanders   v. 
'  Lewers  v.  Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  L.  R.  Anderson,  10  Rich.  Eq.  232. 

2  Eq.  270;  Ferguson  v.  Wilson,  L.  R.  "  Sayera  v.  CoUyer,  28  Ch.  D.  107. 
2  Ch.  77. 


§§  1256c,  1256d  failure  to  obtain  equitable  relief  2581 

§  1266c.  Damages  as  incidental  relief. 

When  equity  has  taken  jurisdiction  of  a  bill  either  for  the 
restraiat  Of  a  trespass,  nuisance  or  other  tort,  or  for  the  specific 
performance  of  a  contract,  and  has  granted  the  relief  sought,  it 
wiU  commonly  go  on  and  do  complete  justice  between  the  par- 
ties by  giving  damages  for  the  tort  or  breach,  rather  then  send 
the  plaintiff  back  to  a  coiu-t  of  law,  where  he  must  go  to  the 
trouble  and  expense  of  another  suit,  merely  to  obtain  in  the  end 
damages  which  it  is  entirely  within  the  power  of  the  court  of 
equity  to  grant  in  the  original  suit.'^  It  may  of  course  happen 
that  the  injunction  or  decree  for  performance  will  of  itself  give 
complete  relief,  without  the  award  of  damages.^' 

§  1266d.  Damages  on  failure  to  obtain  equitable  relief. 

Where  a  bill  is  filed  for  equitable  reUef  and  for  some  reason 
the  court  is  unable  or  unwilling  to  grant  the  relief  sought,  it 
may  nevertheless  under  some  circumstances  retain  the  biU 
for  the  purpose  of  granting  damages  rather  than  compel  the 
plaintiff  to  bring  a  second  action  at  law  in  order  to  obtain  the 
damages  which  he  is  entitled  to  seek.  This  will  always  be  done 
where  the  failm-e  to  obtain  equitable  reUef  is  due  to  the  fault  of 
the  defendant,  by  putting  it  out  of  his  own  power,  after  the  trial 
begins,  to  grant  the  relief  sought.^*  "It  is  well  settled  .  .  . 
that  when  a  defendant  in  a  biU  in  equity  disenables  himself, 
pending  the  suit,  to  comply  with  an  order  for  specific  rehef, 
the  court  will  proceed  to  afford  reUef  by  way  of  compelling 
compensation  to  be  made,  and  for  this  purpose  will  retain  the 
bill  and  determine  the  amount  of  such  compensation,  although 
its  nature  and  measure  are  precisely  the  same  as  the  party  would 
otherwise  recover  as  damages  in  an  action  at  law."  ^'  So  where 
a  bill  was  brought  to  enjoin  town  ofl&cers  from  removing  the 
plaintiff's  building  and  obHterating  his  boundaries  and  pend- 

"  Pomeroy,  Eq.,  §  237.   See  Atlantic  New   York:  O'Beime  v.   Bullis,   80 

&  C.  A.  L.  Ry.  V.  Victor  Mfg.  Co.,  79  Hun,  570,  30  X.  Y.  Supp.  588. 

S.  C.  266,  60  S.  E.  675.  Vermont:  Hazen  v.  Lyndonville  Bank, 

"  Cochrane  v.  Justice  Min.  Co.,  4  70  Vt.  543,  41  Atl.  1046,  67  Am.  St. 

Colo.  App.  234,  35  Pac.  752.  Rep.  680. 

"  New  Hampshire:  State  v.  Sunapee  Pomeroy,  Eq.,  §  237,  n.  3. 

Dam  Co.,  72  N.  H.  114,  55  Atl.  899.  "  Milkman  v.  Oidway,   106   Mass. 

232. 


^582  DAMAGES   IN   EQUITY  §  1256e 

ing  the  suit  the  town  officers  replied  that  they  had  ah-eady,  since 
the  filing  of  the  bill,  removed  the  building  and  graded  down  the 
lot,  the  court  refused  to  dismiss  the  bill,  but  retained  it  for  the 
assessment  of  damages.  ^^ 

If  the  court  finds  it  impossible  to  grant  the  equitable  reUef 
not  because  the  defendant  has  disabled  himself  during  the 
progress  of  the  suit,  but  for  some  other  reason  unknown  to  the 
plaintiff  at  the  time  he  filed  his  biU,  the  court  wiU  not  m  general 
punish  the  plaintiff  for  his  ignorance  or  lack  of  foresight  by 
compelling  him  to  go  to  a  court  of  law  for  reUef ,  but  since  he  is 
without  fault,  although  it  cannot  grant  the  relief  sought,  it 
will  give  him  damages.  Thus,  where  by  reason  of  defect  of 
title,  or  for  any  other  reason  existing  before  suit  brought,  but 
unknown  to  the  plaintiff,  the  court  is  imable  to  grant  specific 
performance  of  a  contract  or  injunction  against  a  tort,  it  wiU 
nevertheless  retain  the  bill  and  give  damages.'^  And  so,  where, 
by  reason  of  the  expiration  of  the  plaintiff's  lease  pending  the 
suit,  the  court  was  imable  to  grant  him  the  relief  sought,  he  was 
allowed  relief  by  way  of  damages,  i* 

§  1266e.  No  damages  where  plaintiff  should  not  have  sued 
in  equity. 

If  the  circumstances  are  such  that  the  plaintiff  should  not 
have  brought  his  suit  in  equity,  but  have  gone  originally  to  the 
court  of  law,  equity  will  not  retain  the  bill  to  award  damages 
even  though  on  the  face  of  the  bill  a  proper  case  for  the  exercise 
of  equitable  jm-isdiction  is  made  out.  In  an  old  EngUsh  case  the 
plaintiff  brought  a  bUl  to  have  an  account  of  satisfaction  for 
waste.  The  bill  was  brought  after  the  defendant  had  assigned 
the  term.  Lord  Hardwick  said:  "The  ground  of  coming  into 
this  court  is  to  stay  the  waste  and  not  by  way  of  satisfaction  for 
the  damages,  but  by  way  of  prevention  of  the  wrong,  which 
coiu-ts  of  law  cannot  do  in  those  instances  where  a  prohibition  of 
waste  will  not  strictly  lie;  but  in  all  these  cases  this  court  has 
gone  further  merely  upon  the  maxim  of  preventing  multiplicity 
of  suits,  which  is  the  reason  that  determines  this  court  in  many 

i«  Lewis  V.  North  Kingstown,  16  R.  I.  91  N.  E.  555;  Pomeroy,  Eq.,  §  237,  n.  3. 

15,    11    Atl.    173,   27   Am.    St.   Rep.  Ante,  §  1021. 

724.  18  Case  v.  Minot,  158  Mass.  577,  33 

"  Stewart  v.  Joyce,  205  Mass.  371,  N.  E.  700,  22  L.  R.  A.  636. 


§  1256f  PROTECTION    OF   THE    DEPENDANT  2583 

cases;  .  .  .  but  nothing  would  tend  to  greater  vexation  than 
to  admit  of  such  bills  as  of  the  present  after  the  term  is  at 
an  end."  "  So  where  the  plaintiff  knows  before  he  files  his 
bill  that  the  equitable  relief  which  he  asks  is  impossible,  or  that 
the  only  relief  he  can  get  is  damages,  the  bill  will  be  dismissed 
and  no  damages  will  be  granted.^  So  where  equitable  relief 
is  refused  because  of  the  plaintiff's  own  fault  or  laches,  the  court 
will  not  ordinarily  retain  the  bill  in  order  to  grant  legal  relief 
by  way  of  damages.  Thus,  where  the  plaintiff  asked  for  the 
specific  performance  of  a  contract  to  convey  land,  but  the  court 
refused  to  grant  specific  performance  on  the  ground  that  the 
consideration  was  inadequate,  it  being  considerably  less  than 
half  the  value  of  the  land,  the  court  not  only  refused  to  grant 
the  relief  sought,  but  dismissed  the  bill  without  giving  dam- 
ages. ^^ 

§  1256f .  Damages  granted  for  the  protection  of  the  defendant. 
Where  the  defendant  is  not  really  in  fault,  although  it  is  not 
a  case  where  the  plaintiff  on  his  own  claims  would  be  entitled 
to  rehef  by  way  of  damages,  the  court  of  equity  may  grant  such 
reUef  as  part  of  a  general  equitable  settlement  of  the  contro- 
versy. It  is  by  this  method  that  the  New  York  courts  have 
often  granted  complete  compensation  in  the  litigation  arising 
out  of  the  running  of  elevated  railroads  through  the  streets.  ^^ 
So  where  a  city  by  the  establishment  of  driven  wells  and  pump- 
ing stations  continuously  caused  injuries  to  the  plaintiff  through 
the  drying  up  of  a  water  course,  and  the  absorption  of  under- 
ground waters,  thereby  injuring  the  plaintiff's  farm,  and  it 
appeared  that  the  city  was  acting  in  a  proper  manner  authorized 
by  law,  it  was  held  that  the  court  should  not  grant  a  permanent 
injunction,  since  the  controversy  ought  to  be  settled  by  com- 
pelling the  defendant  to  make  full  compensation  in  money  to 
the  plaintiffs;  and  the  court  therefore  assessed  the  amount  of 

"  Jesus  College  v.  Bloom,  3   Atk.  "  Cummings  v.  Roeth,  10  Cal.  App. 

262.  144,  101  Pac.  434. 

2»  New    York:   Ellis   v.    Salmon,    57  "  Lynch  v.  Metropolitan  E.  R.  R., 

App.  Div.  118,  67  N.  Y.  Supp.  1025.  129  N.  Y.  274,  29  N.  E.  315,  15  L.  R.  A. 

A^ort^  Dafcoto;  Knudtson  n.  Robinson,  287,  26  Am.  St.  Rep.  523;  American 

18  N.  D.  12,  118  N.  W.  1051.  B.  N.  Co.  v.  New  York  E.  R.  R.,  129 

Pomeroy,  Eq.,  §  237,  n.  3.  N.  Y.  252,  29  N.  E.  302;  ante,  §  1196. 


2584  DAMAGES   IN   EQUITY  §  1256g 

compensation  and  ordered  the  defendants  to  pay  it  and  the 
plaintiffs  to  grant  a  release,  in  order  that  the  entire  controversy- 
might  be  closed  up  in  a  single  suit.^'  So  where  the  plaintiff 
sued  for  an  injunction  against  a  dam  maintained  by  the  de- 
fendant under  the  mistaken  beHef  that  he  had  obtained  the 
right  to  do  so  by  eminent  domain  proceedings,  and  it  appeared 
that  the  plaintiff  had  permitted  the  dam  to  be  built  and  main- 
tained for  some  time,  the  court  refused  to  abate  the  damage 
on  account  of  plaintiff's  laches,  but  in  order  to  close  up  the 
controversy  it  granted  pecuniary  damages.^*  The  real  ground 
for  these  decisions  is  not  any  claim  of  the  plaintiff's  to  have  his 
damages  assessed  in  the  action.  The  court  is  acting  out  of 
regard  for  the  defendant's  rights  fully  as  much  as  for  the 
plaintiff's.  In  the  language  of  Gray,  J.,  in  Westphal  v.  City  of 
New  York, 2^  "By  coming  in  and  submitting  the  matters  in 
controversy  between  them  and  the  defendant  to  a  court  of 
equity,  the  plaintiffs  consented  to  the  exercise  of  a  jurisdiction 
which  is  plenary  and  unfettered  in  administering  that  full 
relief  which  will  settle  the  controversy  upon  just  principles. 
The  plaintiffs  renounced  the  right  to  pursue  their  remedy  at 
law  for  the  injuries  suffered,  and  brought  the  matter  on  the 
equity  side  of  the  court,  whereby  it  gained  jurisdiction  generally 
to  adjust  the  disputes  of  the  parties  finally." 

§  1266g.  Taking  of  an  account. 

In  many  branches  of  equity  jurisdiction  the  court  orders 
the  taking  of  an  account  as  a  part  of  the  relief  administered. 
This,  however,  is  not  in  any  way  the  administering  of  damages 
for  a  wrong,  but  is  merely  ascertaining  the  state  of  the  mutual 
rights  of  parties.  Thus,  in  actions  for  the  settlement  of  part- 
nership affairs  or  in  suits  for  the  redemption  of  mortgages,  the 
court  will  settle  the  accounts  between  parties  and  make  a 
decree  for  the  payment  of  the  balance.  ^^  So  in  the  case  of  a 
complicated  account  the  court  of  equity  may  grant  a  decree 
for  an  accounting  against  fiduciaries  or  other  accountable 
parties."    This,  as  has  been  said,  is  in  no  sense  the  allowance 

23  Westphal  v.  New  York,  177  N.  Y.  =6 177  n.  y.  140,  69  N.  E.  369. 

140,  69  N.  E.  369.  "  Pomeroy,  Eq.,  §§  1190,  1421. 

"  Miller  v.  Comwell,  71  Mich.  270,  !'  Pomeroy,  Eq.,  §§  1420  et  seq. 
38  N.  W.  912. 


§§  1256h,  12561    time  to  which  damages  are  assessed    2585 

of  damage  for  the  wrong  and  lies  outside  the  scope  of  this  work 
and  we  shall  therefore  not  discuss  the  subject  at  greater  length. 

§  1256h.  Damages  against  a  trustee  for  breach  of  trust. 
A  suit  against  a  trustee  is  within  the  exclusive  jurisdiction  of 
equity  and  the  relief  administered  is  ordinarily  a  decree  for  an 
account.  Where  this  is  the  case,  the  principles  of  the  law  of 
damages  have  no  place.  In  case,  however,  of  a  conveyance  by 
the  trustee  to  a  purchaser  for  value  without  notice,  the  cestui 
que  trust  may  complain  of  the  conveyance  as  a  wrong  to  him  and 
seek  damages  for  it,  or  he  may  seek  relief  by  way  of  an  account- 
ing. In  no  case  is  he  entitled  to  damages  in  a  court  of  law  since 
the  relation  is  not  there  recognized.  Even,  therefore,  if  he  com- 
plains of  the  wrong  done  him  and  seeks  for  damages,  he  must 
do  it  in  the  court  of  equity.  If  he  seeks  an  accounting  merely, 
the  trustee  will  be  obliged  to  account  for  the  amount  received 
by  him  for  the  trust  property.  If,  however,  the  plaintiff  seeks 
damages  for  the  wrong,  he  will  be  entitled  to  recover  from  the 
trustee  the  value  of  the  property  disposed  of  at  the  time  the 
trustee  transferred  it,  without  regard  to  the  amount  received 
by  the  trustee  upon  the  sale  of  it,^^  or,  at  his  option,  the  amount 
received,  with  interest.^* 

§  12561.  Time  to  which  damages  are  assessed. 

Since  the  purpose  of  equity  in  granting  damages  as  partial 
or  entire  relief  is  to  close  up  the  entire  controversy,  the  damages 

^  New  Jersey:  General  Proprietors  v.  beneficiary  may,  if  he  choose,  demand 

Force,  72  N.  J.  Eq.  56,  68  Atl.  914.  the  property,  or  its  value  at  a  later 

Rhode    Island:    Manville    Covering  time.    Bell  v.  Bell,  20  Ga.  250.    As  for 

Co.  v.Babcock,  28R.  1. 496, 68  Atl.  421.  instance  at  the  time  suit  is  brought. 

Texas:  Boothe  v.  Feist,  80  Tex.  141,  Mixon  v.  Miles  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  46 

15  S.  W.  799,  19  S.  W.  398;  Silliman  S.  W.  105. 

V.  Gano,  90  Tex.  637,  39  S.  W.  559,  40  If  no  damages  can  be  proved,  be- 

S.  W.  391;  see  Mixon  v.  Miles,  92  Tex.  cause  liens  on  the  property  equalled 

318,  47  S.  W.  966.  its  value,  nominal  damages  only  can 

Virginia:  Norman  v.  Cunningham,  be  recovered.     Thoman  v.  Mills,  159 

5  Gratt.  63.  Mich.  402,  124  N.  W.  33. 

The  price  at  which  the  trustee  sold  '^  California:   Clapp   v.   Vatcher,    9 

may  be  taken  as  the  value,  in  the  ab-  Cal.  App.  462,  99  Pac.  549. 

sence  of  other  evidence.    Cross  v.  Cross,  New  Jersey:  General  Proprietors  v. 

4  Gratt.  257.  Force,  72  N.  J.  Eq.  66,  68  Atl.  914. 

Since  the  trustee  is  a  fiduciary,  the 


2586  DAMAGES   IN  EQUITY  §  1256J 

granted  by  the  court  in  the  case  of  a  continuing  injury  will  be 
brought  down  to  the  date  of  the  decree,  since  otherwise  the 
court  could  not  by  its  decree  prevent  the  necessity  of  a  resort 
to  an  action  at  law  to  get  a  part  of  the  reUef  to  which  the  plain- 
tiff is  entitled. »» 

§  1266J.  Damages  assessed  on  legal  principles. 

In  Stewart  v.  Joyce  "  a  bill  was  brought  to  set  aside  as 
fraudulent  a  sale  and  transfer  of  stock  by  the  plaintiff  to  the 
defendant.  Before  the  bill  was  filed  the  stock  had  been  trans- 
ferred to  a  purchaser  for  value,  but  under  the  circumstances 
the  court  retained  the  bill  and  gave  relief  by  way  of  dam- 
ages. The  plaintiff  claimed  that  the  damages  should  be  assessed 
as  of  the  date  of  filing  or  of  the  final  decree.  The  defendant 
contended  that  damages  should  be  given  as  of  the  time  of  the 
original  transfer;  and  the  court  so  held.  The  case,  the  court 
said,  was  one  for  the  assessment  of  damages  pm-ely.  The 
failure  to  obtain  the  relief  for  which  the  plaintiff  came  into 
equity  had  no  effect  in  enhancing  the  damages  which  he  would 
otherwise  have  been  entitled  to  recover,  or  in  other  words, 
equity  in  granting  damages  measures  them  by  the  same  rules 
which  prevail  at  law.  In  equity  the  plaintiff  could  have  the 
sale  set  aside  and  the  stock  returned  to  him  so  far  as  it  was 
within  the  power  of  the  defendant  to  return  it;  but  if  that  is 
not  possible,  and  the  court  having  jurisdiction  of  the  cause 
proceeds  to  assess  the  damages  instead  of  compelhng  him  to 
bring  an  action  at  law,  the  rule  of  damages  is  and  must  be  the 
same  in  one  court  as  in  another.  The  court  then  considered 
the  case  of  Fowle  v.  Ward,^^  where  one  under  a  contract  obliga- 
tion to  keep  the  plaintiff's  shares  in  his  hands  disposed  of  them 
wrongfully,  and  the  court  allowed  as  damages  the  sum  which 
would  enable  the  plaintiff  to  replace  the  shares  the  defendant 
had  disposed  of.  The  court  said,  however,  that  in  this  case  at 
bar  the  defendant  was  not  bound  to  have  the  stock  in  his 
hands  when  the  bill  was  brought,  or  at  any  other  time  until  the 

™  New  York:  John  D.  Park  &  Sons         South    Carolina:    Southern    Ry.    v. 
Co.  V.  Hubbard,  134  App.  Div.  468,      Gossett,  79  S.  C.  372,  60  S.  E.  956. 
119  N.  Y.  Supp.  347.  "  205  Mass.  371,  91  N.  E.  555. 

'2 113  Mass.  548,  18  Am.  Rep.  534. 


§  1256k  INTEREST  ^587 

plaintiff  elected  to  avoid  the  sale,  and  defendant  could  right- 
fully sell  and  dispose  of  the  stock  to  an  innocent  purchaser. 
The  court  also  said  that  the  case  differed  from  cases  relating 
to  specific  performance,  "even  if  we  assume  that  in  case  of  a 
partial  or  total  inability  to  perform  the  damages  would  be 
assessed  as  of  the  date  of  the  bringing  of  the  bill  or  of  the  entry 
of  the  final  decree  of  which  there  may  be  some  doubt." 

The  court  added  that  if  the  defendant  had  disabled  himself 
from  convejang  the  stock  by  a  sale  after  the  bill  was  brought, 
a  different  rule  might  be  apphed;  having  evidently  in  mind  the 
fact  that  in  that  case  it  would  have  become  the  duty  of  the 
defendant  to  retain  the  stock  in  his  hands  for  the  plaintiff's 
benefit,  and  in  that  case  the  damages,  either  at  law  or  in 
equity,  would  be  based  on  the  higher  value  of  the  stock  at  the 
time  when  the  defendant  should  have  restored  it. 

§  1266k.  Interest. 

The  general  principles  upon  which  interest  is  allowed  by  way 
of  damages  as  a  compensation  for  non-payment  of  money, 
appear  to  be  the  same  at  equity  as  in  law.  So  upon  a  bill  for 
an  accoimting  it  was  laid  down  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  ''  that  if  the  defendant  has  in  his  possession  and 
control  the  means  of  determining  the  amount  of  his  indebted- 
ness he  should  ascertain  it,  and  tender  the  amount  due,  even 
though  the  complainant  may  have  considered  himself  entitled 
to  an  account,  and  to  a  greater  sum  as  balance  due  him  than 
was  actually  found  to  be  due;  and  if  the  defendant  does  not 
make  such  a  tender  he  becomes  Uable  for  interest.  This  is 
based  on  the  general  principle — which  the  coiirt  seems  to  regard 
as  equally  apphcable  to  suits  at  law  or  in  equity — that  one  who 
has  had  the  use  of  money  owing  to  another  should  pay  interest 
on  it  from  the  time  when  the  payment  should  have  been  made. 

'» Spalding  v.  Mason,  161  U.  S.  375,  whole  subject  of  the  allowance  of  in- 

395,  16  Sup.  Ct.  592,  40  L.  ed.  739;  terest  see  the  opinion  of  Putnam,  J., 

Crescent  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Wabash  Mfg.  Co.,  in  Nashua  &  Lowell  R.  R.  v.  Boston  & 

151  U.  S.  317,  323,  14  Sup.  Ct.  348,  Lowell  R.  R.,  61  Fed.  237,  21  U.  S. 

38  L.  ed.  177;  Sturm  v.  Boker,  150  U.  S.  App.  50,  a  case  in  which  it  was  allowed 

312,  342,  14  Sup.  Ct.  99,  37  L.  ed.  from  the  filing  of  the  bill. 
1093.    For  an  elaborate  review  of  the 


CHAPTER  LV 


PLEADING  AND   PRACTICE 


I. — Damages  as  Affected  by  the  Plaintiff's  Pleadings 


Averment  of  damage. 
Damages     beyond     amount 

laid. 
Method  of  curing  the  error. 
Averment    of    damage    not 

otherwise  material. 
Special  damages. 
Prospective  damages. 
Exemplary,  double  and  treble 


1257. 
1258. 

1259. 
1260. 

1261. 
1262. 
1263. 


1264.     Interest. 


§  1265.     Special  damages — ^Actions  for 
injury  to  real  estate. 

1266.  For  breach  of  contract. 

1267.  Against  carriers. 

1268.  For  injury  to  personal  prop- 

erty. 

1269.  For  loss  of  business. 

1270.  For  personal  injury. 
1270a.  Extent  of  allegation  required. 

1271.  For  other  torts. 
1271a.  Answers. 


§  1272. 

1273. 
1274. 
1275. 
1276. 


1277. 
1278. 
1279. 
1280. 


II. — Practice 

Damages      upon      demurrer      §  1281. 
overruled.  1282. 

Upon  plea  in  abatement.  1283. 

Upon  plea  to  the  damage. 

Upon  default.  1284. 

Entire  or  several  damages —         1285. 
Joinder  of  good  and  bad 
counts.  1286. 

Judgment  when  arrested.  1286a. 

Count  bad  in  part.  1286b. 

Joint  torts. 

Several  torts  by  different  de- 
fendants in  the  same  suit. 


Award  of  arbitrators. 

Costs.  • 

Obsolete  judgment  of  "dam- 
age clear." 

Form  of  verdict. 

Damages  as  affecting  juris- 
diction. 

Right  to  begin. 

Damages  on  appeal. 

Damages  on  dissolution  of  in- 
junction. 


§  1257.  Averment  of  damage. 

*  The  most  important  remark  to  be  made  on  this  part  of  our 
subject,  is  as  to  the  necessity  of  distinctly  averring  in  the 
declaration  the  damage  of  which  the  plaintiff  complains.  Great 
nicety  was  once  used  in  regard  to  the  peculiar  mode  of  allega- 
tion; thus,  it  has  been  doubted  whether  an  averment  was 
sufl&ciently  clear  and  positive  if  preceded  by  the  word  "where- 
by," or  "thereupon,"  on  the  ground  that  the  words  following 
the  "whereby"  or  "thereupon"  could  not  be  considered  as 
2588 


§  1257  AVEEMENT  OP   DAMAGE  2589 

containing  an  averment  oi  matter  of  fact,  but  merely  matter 
of  conclusion  or  inference  drawn  from  the  matters  previously 
alleged.  But  it  now  seems  to  be  well  settled,  that  where  the 
allegation  following  such  a  word  as  "thereupon"  or  "where- 
by" is  clearly  intended  as  an  allegation  of  fact,  the  matter  is  to 
be  considered  averred  with  sufficient  directness;  the  word 
"thereupon"  or  "whereby"  not  being  understood  as  showing 
that  the  proposition  following  such  word  is  intended  to  be 
stated  as  a  consequence  deducible  from  what  precedes,  but  only 
as  showing  the  time  at  which,  or  the  occasion  on  which,  that 
which  follows  the  word  in  question  is  averred  to  have  taken 
place.  ^  But  if  the  averment  is  merely  one  of  a  legal  hability, 
it  is  well  estabhshed  that  such  an  averment,  being  one  of  mat- 
ter of  law,  will  not  supply  the  want  of  those  allegations  of  fact 
from  which  alone  the  court  could  infer  the  law  to  be  as  stated; 
so  that  such  allegation  is  useless  when  the  declaration  is  in- 
sufficient, and  superfluous  when  sufficient  without  it.  But 
the  allegation  of  damage  is  only  required  to  be  of  the  fact  as  it 
exists  in  legal  contemplation.  ^  So  an  allegation  that  the 
plaintiff  has  been  put  to  great  expense,  will  be  satisfied  by 
proof  that  he  has  incurred  a  liability  to  pay;'  **  though  an  al- 
legation that  the  plaintiff  has  paid  money  will  not  be  satisfied 
by  such  proof.* 

The  amount  of  damage  is  to  be  stated  generally;  °  and  if 
there  is  a  general  statement  of  damage  this  will  justify  re- 
covery though  none  of  the  items  of  special  damage  are  proved.^ 
If,  however,  the  only  damage  stated  is  special  damage,  upon 

'  Pryce  v.  Belcher,  3  C.  B.  58;  Brown  El.  Ry.  v.  Sierra  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  109 

V.  Mallett,  6  C.  B.  599.  S.  W.  986. 

'  But  this  rule  of  the  common-law  England:  Piitohet  v.  Boevey,  1  Cr.  & 

practice  is  changed  by  the  new  codes  M.  775;  Jones  v.  Lewis,  9  Dowl.  Pr.  143. 

of  procedure,  which  require  the  state-  But  see  contra,  Standard  D.  &  D.  Co. 

ment  of  the  actual  facts,  and  not  merely  v.  Hill,  166  Fed.  99,  92  C.  C.  A.  83. 

the    averment    of    their    legal    effect.  '  International  &   G.   N.   R.   R.   v. 

Garvey  v.  Fowler,  4  Sandf.  665.  Crusetumer,  44  Tex.  Civ.  App.   181, 

'  Richardson   v.  Chasen,   10  Q.  B.  98  S.  W.  423.    If  the  amount  is  left 

756.  blank,  nothing  can  be  recovered.     Lex- 

*  Minnesota:  Ward  v.  Haws,  5  Minn,  ington  Ry.  v.  Britton,  130  Ky.  676,  114 

440.  S.  W.  295. 

Texas:  Texas  S.  L.  Ry.  v.  Patton  'Harrison  v.  Ai-gyle  Co.,  128  App. 

(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  96  S.  W.  774;  El  Paso  Div.  81,  112  N.  Y.  Supp.  477. 


2590 


PLEADING  AND   PRACTICE 


§1258 


failure  to  prove  any  item  of  special  damage,  nothing  can  be  re- 
covered on  account  of  general  damage.^  In  some  states  it  is 
not  necessary  to  allege  more  than  the  amount  of  damages 
claimed,*  while  in  others  the  items  making  up  the  general 
damages  must  be  separately  valued.'  Such  matters  of  local 
practice  cannot  be  profitably  dealt  with  in  a  general  work. 


§  1258.  Damages  beyond  amount  laid. 

*  In  regard  to  the  amount  of  damages  to  be  averred,  it  is 
only  necessary  to  lay  them  so  high  as  to  cover  the  injury;  for 
no  recovery  can  be  had  beyond  the  amount  in  the  declaration.** 
If  the  jury  assess  the  damages  at  a  sum  beyond  the  amount 
laid  in  the  declaration,  and  judgment  be  entered  for  the  whole 
amount  of  damages  found  by  the  jury,  it  is  error.  ^"    In  Vir- 


'  Christophulos  Cafe  Co.  v.  Phillips, 
4  Ga.  App.  819,  62  S.  E.  562;  see 
Wright  V.  Smith,  128  Ga.  432,  57  S.  E. 
684. 

'Sherlag  v.  Kelley,  200  Mass.  232, 
86  N.  E.  293. 

'  Harrington  v.  Stromberg-MuUins 
Co.,  29  Mont.  157,  74  Pac.  413  (value 
of  property  converted). 

1"  Arkansas:  White  v.  Cannada,  25 
Ark.  41;  Snow  v.  Grace,  25  Ark.  570. 

California:  Clark  v.  San  Francisco  & 
S.  J.  V.  Ry.,  142  Cal.  614,  76  Pac.  507. 

Colorado:  Wilcox  v.  Field,  1  Colo.  3. 

Illinois:  Walcott  v.  Holcomb,  24  111. 
331;  Pierson  v.  Finney,  37  111.  29,  87 
Am.  Dec.  233;  Kelley  v.  Third  Nat. 
Bank,  64  111.  541. 

Indiana:  Epperly  v.  Little,  6  Ind. 
344;  Hall  v.  Hall,  42  Ind.  585. 

Iowa:  David  v.  Conard,  1  Greene, 
336;  Cameron  v.  Boyle,  2  Greene,  154. 

Kentucky:  Edwards  v.  Wiester,  2 
A.  K.  Marsh.  382;  Rowan  v.  Lee,  3  J.  J. 
Marsh.  97;  South  Covington  &  C.  Ry. 
V.  Raymer,  132  Ky.  187,  116  S.  W.  281. 

Louisiana:  W.  W.  Carre  &  Co.  v. 
Masse,  113  La.  608,  37  So.  530. 

Maryland:  Attrill  v.  Patterson,  58 
Md.  226. 

New  Hampshire:  Taylor  v.  Jones,  42 
N.  H.  25. 


New  Jersey:  Hawk  v.  Anderson,  9 
N.  J.  L.  319;  Lake  v.  Merrill,  10  N.  J.  L. 
288. 

New  York:  Curtiss  v.  Lawrence,  17 
Johns.  Ill;  Dox  v.  Dey,  3  Wend.  356, 
20  Am.  Dec.  702;  Fish  v.  Dodge,  4 
Denio,  311;  Cohen  v.  Wittemann,  100 
App.  Div.  338,  91  N.  Y.  Supp.  493. 

North  Carolina:  Grist  ti.  Hodges,  3 
Dev.  L.  198,  203. 

Pennsylvania:  Lantz  v.  Frey,  19  Pa. 
366. 

Tennessee:  Fowlkes  v.  Webber,  8 
Humph.  530. 

Texas:  Moore  v.  Republic,  1  Tex. 
563. 

England:  Hoblins  v.  Kimble,  1  Bulst. 
49;  Cheveley  v.  Morris,  2  W.  Black. 
1300. 

So,  on  a  counterclaim.  Annis  v. 
Upton,  66  Barb.  370. 

It  has  been  held  in  Missouri  to  be 
error  not  to  instruct  the  jury  that  the 
damages  are  limited  to  the  amount 
claimed.  Spohn  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry., 
116  Mo.  617,  22  S.  W.  690. 

But  in  Calumet  I.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Martin, 
115  111.  358,  it  was  held  error  to  instruct 
the  jury  that  they  must  not  give  dam- 
ages above  the  ad  damnum. 

So  where  a  certain  amount  of  exem- 
plary  damages   is   claimed,    no   more 


§§  1259,  1260      AVERMENT   NOT   OTHERWISE   MATERIAL  2591 

ginia  and  West  Virginia  judgment  may  exceed  the  amount 
averred  by  the  amount  of  interest  accrued  since  the  fiUng  of  the 
declaration." 

In  an  action  of  replevin,  however,  the  damages  claimed  in 
the  writ  are  damages  for  detention;  and  the  amount  awarded 
as  the  value  of  the  goods,  upon  the  plaintiff's  election  to  take 
such  value,  is  not  limited  by  the  ad  damnum.^'^  Where  double 
damages  are  claimed,  the  actual  damage  is  Umited  by  the  ad 
damnum,  but  the  double  damages  may  be  given  in  addition.  ^^ 

§  1259.  Method  of  curing  the  error. 

If  the  jury  render  a  verdict  in  excess  of  the  amount  averred 
to  be  due,  the  plaintiff  may  remit  the  excess  before  judgment 
without  order  of  court,  ^*  but  after  judgment  he  cannot  enter  a 
remittitur  without  permission. ^^  After  judgment  the  court 
may  give  the  plaintiff  his  election  between  entering  a  remittitur 
of  the  excess  and  retrying  the  case.^^ 

§  1260.  Averment  of  damage  not  otherwise  material. 

*  It  was  anciently  held,  both  in  actions  of  indebitatus  as- 
sumpsit and  insimul  computassent,  that  the  plaintiff  could  not 
recover  any  less  amount  of  damages  than  the  precise  sum  laid 
in  the  declaration."  But  it  is  now  well  settled  otherwise:  and 
thus,  even  in  an  action  on  a  poUcy  of  insurance  averring  a 
total  loss,  a  recovery  may  be  had  for  a  partial  loss.^*  **    This 

can  be  recovered.    Gregory  v.  Coleman,  New  Jersey:  Herbert  v.  Hardenbergh, 

3  Tex.  Civ.  App.  166,  22  S.  W.  181.  10  N.  J.  L.  222. 

"  Virginia:    Cahill    v.    Pintony,    4  New   York:  Coming  v.   Coming,  6 

Munf.  371.  N.  Y.  97;  Droege  v.  Intemrban  St.  Ry., 

West  Virginia:  Enoch  v.  Mining  &  P.  91  N.  Y.  Supp.  71. 

Co.,  23  W.  Va.  314.  Canada:  Wilde  v.  Crow,  10  Up.  Can. 

12  Anderson  v.  Carlin,  24  Fla.  199.  C.  P.  406. 

"  Rosevelt  v.  Hanold,  65  Mich.  414.  In  Connecticut:  it  was  held  that  a 

"  Maryland:  Harris  v.  Jaffray,  3  H.  remittitur  could  not  be  entered,  but  the 

&  J.  543.  case  must  go  back  to  trial  upon  the 

Virginia:  Cahill  v.  Pintony,  4  Munf.  question  of  damages  only.    Davenport 

371.  «.  Bradley,  4  Conn.  309. 

1*  Davenport  v.  Bradley,  4  Conn.  309.  "  Sayer  on  Damages,  oh.  x,  pp.  43  et 

1"  Maryland:  Lewis  v.  Cooke,  1  H.  &  seq.;  Bagnal  v.  Sacheverel,  Cro.  EUz. 

McH.  159;  Attrill  v.  Patterson,  58  Md.  292;  Ramsden's  case,  Clayton,  87. 

226,  260.  "  Chitty  on  Pleadings,  vol.  i,  p.  371; 

Missouri:   Crews   v.   Lackland,   67  Marshall  on  Insurance,  629. 
Mo.  619. 


2592  PLEADING  AND   PRACTICE  §  1261 

necessarily  follows  from  the  fact  that,  except  as  fixing  a  limit 
beyond  which  recovery  cannot  be  had,  the  averment  of  the 
amount  of  damages  is  not  a  material  one.  The  amount  of 
damages  alleged  is  not  a  traversable  averment,  and  is  not  ad- 
mitted by  a  failure  to  deny  it."  In  some  States  it  is  provided 
by  statute  that  in  actions  of  contract  no  proof  of  damage  shall 
be  required  upon  default;  2"  and  ia  Cahfornia  the  averment 
of  amount  of  damages  appears  to  be  material  in  every  case, 
so  that  upon  failure  to  deny  the  amount  the  plaintiff  recovers 
the  whole  amount  claimed  in  his  declaration.  ^^ 

§  1261.  Special  damages. 

*  A  question  of  more  frequent  occurrence  is,  as  to  the  ne- 
cessity of  averring  the  particular  cause  and  extent  of  any  special 
damage  for  which  the  plaintiff  claims  redress.** 

"Damages,"  says  Mr.  Chitty,^''  "are  either  general  or 
special.  General  damages  are  such  as  the  law  imphes  or  pre- 
sumes to  have  accrued  from  the  wrong  complained  of.  Special 
damages  are  such  as  really  took  place  and  are  not  impUed  by 
law;  and  are  either  superadded  to  general  damages  arising 
from  an  act  injurious  in  itself,  as  where  some  particular  loss 
arises  from  the  uttering  of  slanderous  words  actionable  in 
themselves;  or  are  such  as  arise  from  an  act  indifferent  and  not 
actionable  in  itself,  but  injurious  only  in  its  consequences,  as 
where  words  become  actionable  only  by  reason  of  special  dam- 
age ensuing.  ...  It  does  not  appear  necessary  to  state  the 
formal  description  of  damages  in  the  declaration,  because  pre- 
suriiptions  of  law  are  not  in  general  to  be  pleaded  or  averred 
as  facts.  .  .  .  But  when  the  law  does  not  necessarily  imply 
that  the  plaintiff  sustained  damage  by  the  act  complained  of, 

^^  Indiana:  McLees  v.  Felt,  11  Ind.  Dimick  v.  Campbell,  31  CaJ.  238;  Hus- 

218.  ton  V.  Twin  &  C.  C.  T.  R.  R.,  45  Cal. 

New   York:  Rajnnond  v.   Traffarn,  550. 

12  Abb.  Pr.  52.  22  Chitty    on    Pleading,    410,    411, 

Wisconsin:  Jenkins  v.  Steanka,   19  cited  in  Dumont  v.  Smith,  4  Denio,  319. 

Wis.  126,  88  Am.  Dec.  675.  "The  damages  sustained  are  matter  of 

^  Kansas:  Cole  v.  Hoeburg,  36  Kan.  evidence,  and  need  not  be  alleged,  nor 

263,  59  Am.  Rep.  546.  are  they  scarcely  ever  stated  but  in  a 

Oregon:  White  v.  Northwest  Stage  general  manner."    Barruso  v.  Madan, 

Co.,  5  Ore.  99.  2  Johns.  149. 

"Patterson    v.    Ely,    19    Cal.    28; 


§  1261  SPECIAL  DAMAGES  2593 

it  is  essential  to  the  validity  of  the  declaration  that  the  result- 
ing damage  should  be  shown  with  particularity.  .  .  .  And 
whenever  the  damages  sustained  have  not  necessarily  accrued 
from  the  act  complained  of,  and  consequently  are  not  implied 
by  law,  then,  in  order  to  prevent  the  surprise  on  the  defendant 
which  might  otherwise  ensue  on  the  trial,  the  plaintiff  must  in 
general  state  the  particular  damage  which  he  has  sustained,  or 
he  will  not  be  permitted  to  give  evidence  of  it."  ^^ 

Mr.  Chitty's  satisfactory  statements  of  the  distinction  be- 
tween general  and  special  damages  leave  httle  to  be  added. 
All  legal  damages  must,  whether  the  action  be  in  contract  or  in 
tort,  naturally  result  from  the  act  or  default  complained  of; 
and  although  the  law  in  certain  cases  permits  the  recovery 
of  such  damages  as  are  physically  secondary  or  consequential, 
yet  they  must  in  legal  contemplation  be  also  its  proximate 
result.  Where  such  result  is  necessary,  or  is  legally  imported 
by  the  facts,  the  damages  are  general,  and  need  not  be  specif- 
ically set  forth  in  the  pleading;  ^*  otherwise  they  must,  whether 
such  special  damage  is  or  is  not  essential  to  the  maintenance 
of  the  action.  ^^    In  the  one  case,  the  statement  of  the  cause 

''  See,  also,  Chitty  on  Pleading,  370  v.  Overfield,  127  Ky.  548, 106  S.  W.  242; 

et  seq.;  same  subject.     See,  also,   De  MoDaniel  v.  Hutcherson,  136  Ky.  412, 

Forest  v.  Leete,  16  Johns.  122,  where  124  S.  W.  384. 

it  is  held  that  in  an  action  on  the  cov-  Missouri:  Van  Buskirk  v.  Quincy,  O. 

enant  against  incumbrances,  it  was  not  &  K.  C.  R.  R.,  131  Mo.  App.  357,  111 

enough  to  aver  that  the  premises  were  S.  W.  832. 

incumbered,  but  that  the  declaration  New  Hampshire:  Stevens  v.  Lyford, 

must  set  out  the  extinguishment  of  the  7  N.  H.  360. 

incumbrance.  Pennsylvania:  Rank  v.  Rank,  5  Pa. 

See  also  the  following  cases:  211;  Hart  v.  Evans,  8  Pa.  13. 

Indiana:  Lindley  v.  Dempsey,  45  Ind.  Sovih  Dakota:  Fritz  v.  Watertown, 

246.  21  S.  D.  280,  111  N.  W.  630. 

Louisiana:  Arrowsmith   v.  Gordon,  Teaios.' Moore  ».  Smith,  19  S.  W.  781. 

3  La.  Ann.  105.  Vermont:  Hutchinson  v.  Granger,  13 

Mississippi:  Burrage  v.  Melson,  48  Vt.  386. 

Miss.  237.  25  United  States:  The  Director,    11 

New  York:  Butler  v.  Kent,  19  Johns.  Sawy.    494;   Lanston   M.    M.    Co.    v. 

228;  Fitch  v.  Fitch,  35  N.  Y.  Super.  Ct.  Merganthaler  Linotype  Co.,  154  Fed. 

302.  42,  83  C.  C.  A.  154. 

South  Carolina:  Robert  R.  Sizer  &  Alabama:  Lewis  v.  Paull,  42  Ala.  136; 

Co.  V.  Dopson,  72  S.  E.  464.  Irby  v.  Wilde,  150  Ala.  402,  43  So.  574. 

'*  Iowa:  Palmer  v.  Waterloo,  138  la.  ■     California:  Numan  v.  San  Francisco, 

296,  115  N.  W.  1017.  38  Cal.  689. 

Kentucky:  Cumberland  T.  &  T.  Co.  Colorado:  Tucker  v.  Parks,  7  Colo.  62. 

163 


2594 


PLEADING   AND   PRACTICE 


§1261 


of  action  sufficiently  apprises  the  defendant  of  the  extent  of  the 
claim.  In  the  other,  legal  justice,  in  order  to  enable  him  to 
prepare  his  defence,  requires  the  further  averment  of  the  in- 
jurious consequences.  Special  damages  must  be  pleaded  in 
equity  as  in  law.^^  *  But  it  is  no  ground  of  demurrer  to  an  en- 
tire breach  in  an  action  of  covenant,  that  certain  consequential 
damages  alleged  are  not  recoverable.  If  the  plaintiff  is  en- 
titled to  recover  for  any  damage,  it  is  sufficient  to  support 
the  breach.^'  ** 

In  alleging  special  damages,  it  is  not  enough,  in  most  juris- 
dictions, merely  to  enmnerate  the  heads  of  special  damages  for 
which  compensation  will  be  asked,  but  the  facts  of  the  damage 
and  claim  for  compensation  must  be  specifically  alleged;  ^* 
and  in  Texas  the  claim  must  be  fully  itemized.  ^^ 

New  York:  Reporters'  Assoc,  v.  Sun 
P.  &  P.  Assoc,  186  N.  Y.  437,  79  N.  E. 
710;  Keefe  v.  Lee,  197  N.  Y.  68,  90 
N.  E.  344;  HaUock  v.  Belcher,  42  Barb. 
199;  Solms  v.  Lias,  16  Abb.  Pr.  311; 
Toplitz  V.  King  Bridge  Co.,  46  N.  Y. 
Supp.  418;  Isman  v.  Loring,  130  App. 
Div.  845,  115  N.  Y.  Supp.  93. 

Pennsylvania:  Agnew  v.  Johnson,  22 
Pa.  471,  62  Am.  Dec.  303. 

Texas:  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v.  Craft 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  102  S.  W.  170; 
Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Linton  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  109  S.  W.  942. 
,  Utah:  McKinney  v.  Carson,  35  Utah, 
180,  99  Pac.  660. 

Washington:  Fish  v.  Nethercutt,  14 
Wash.  582,  45  Pac.  44,  53  Am.  St.  Rep. 
892. 

Wisconsin:  Birchard  v.  Booth,  4  Wis. 
67. 

'^  Hooper  v.  Armstrong,  69  Ala.  343. 

"Amory  v.  Brodrick,  5  B.  &  Aid. 
712. 

^  Kentucky:  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.  v. 
Crank,  128  Ky.  329,  108  S.  W.  276. 

Texas:  Pipher  v.  Bissonet  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  36  S.  W.  770. 

Washington:  Hubenthal  v.  Spokane 
&  I.  Ry.,  43  Wash.  677,  86  Pac.  955. 

=>»  Houston  E.  &  W.  T.  Ry.  v.  Adams, 
44  Tex.  Civ.  App.  288,  98  S.  W.  222, 


Connecticut:  Bristol  Mfg.  Co.  v. 
Gridley,  28  Conn.  201. 

Florida:  Jacksonville  Elec.  Co.  v. 
Batchis,  54  Fla.  192,  44  So.  933. 

Illinois:  Olmstead  v.  Burke,  25  HI. 
86. 

Kentiicky:  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Roney,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1326,  108  S.  W. 
343. 

Louisiana:  Roberts  v.  Hyde,  15  La. 
Ann.  51. 

Maryland:  McTavish  v.  Carroll,  13 
Md.  429. 

Massachusetts:  Baldwin  v.  Western 
R.  R.,  4  Gray,  333;  Warner  v.  Bacon, 

8  Gray,  397,  69  Am.  Dec.  253;  Rice  v. 
CooUdge,  121  Mass.  393,  23  Am.  Rep. 
279. 

Michigan:    Shaw    v.    Hoffman,    21 
Mich.  151. 
Minnesota:  Chamberlain  v.  Porter, 

9  Minn.  260. 

Missouri:  Ingles  v.  Metropohtan  St. 
Ry.,  145  Mo.  App.  241, 129  S.  W.  493. 

Nebraska:  Rosecrans  v.  Asay,  49 
Neb.  512,  68  N.  W.  627;  Armagost  v. 
Rising,  54  Neb.  763,  75  N.  W.  534. 

New  Hampshire:  Troy  v.  Cheshire 
R.  R.,  23  N.  H.  83,  55  Am.  Dec.  177; 
Gove  V.  Watson,  61  N.  H.  136. 

New  Jersey:  Ryerson  v.  Marseillis, 
16  N,  J.  L.  450, 


§§  1262,  1263   EXEMPLARY,  DOUBLE,  ETC.,  DAMAGES     2595 


§  1262.  Prospective  damages. 

Prospective  damages  need  not  in  general  be  specially  averred ; '" 
and  recovery  may  be  had  for  a  permanent  injury  without 
an  express  allegation  of  permanency."  In  a  few  cases,  how- 
ever, it  is  held  that,  unless  the  description  of  the  injury  itself 
makes  future  pain  probable,  no  recovery  can  be  had  for  it  with- 
out an  allegation.'^  So  in  an  action  by  a  husband  for  a  battery 
on  his  wife  it  was  held  that  damages  from  a  permanent  loss 
of  her  services  must  be  specially  alleged. '^  And  the  same  was 
held  in  an  action  for  death  of  an  adult  son.^*  Where  the  dec- 
laration alleged  the  injuries  to  have  been  conmiitted  between 
a  day  named  and  the  date  of  the  writ,  the  plaintiff  was  not  al- 
lowed to  recover  damages  to  the  date  of  the  service  of  the  writ.'^ 

§  1263.  Exemplary,  double  and  treble  damages. 

It  is  held  in  some  jurisdictions  that  the  claim  for  exemplary 
damages  need  not  be  specially  pleaded.'*  But  in  other  jm-is- 
dictions  it  is  required  that  they  be  specially  claimed  ''  and  even 


'"  Calif  omia:  Treadwell  v.  Whittier, 
80  Cal.  574,  22  Pac.  266,  13  Am.  St. 
Rep.  175. 

Maine:  Bradbury  v.  Benton,  69  Me. 
194. 

Missouri:  Gerdes  v.  Christopher  & 
S.  A.  I.  &  F.  Co.,  124  Mo.  347,  25  S.  W. 
557;  Bartley  v.  Trorhcht,  49  Mo.  App. 
214. 

'1  Missouri:  Gerdes  v.  Christopher  & 
S.  A.  I.  &  F.  Co.,  124  Mo.  347,  25  S.  W. 
557;  De  Courcy  v.  Prendergast  Const. 
Co.,  140  Mo.  App.  169,  120  S.  W.  632. 

New  York:  Ljmch  v.  Third  Ave  R.  R., 
59  N.  Y.  Super.  Ct.  71,  13  N.  Y.  Supp. 
236;  Tyler  ».  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  41 
N.  Y.  Supp.  523. 

In  Texas,  however,  it  has  been  held 
that  an  allegation  that  a  personal  in- 
jury is  permanent  will  not  justify  the 
recovery  of  damages  for  future  suffering 
where  no  pecuniary  damages  are  alleged 
from  such  suffering.  Houston  &  T.  C. 
R.  R.  V.  Lindsey,  51  Tex.  Civ.  App.  67, 
110  S.  W.  995. 

'2  Iowa:  Palmer  v.  Waterloo,  138  la. 
296,  115  N.  W.  1017. 


Texas:  Rapid  Transit  Ry.  v.  Allen, 
54  Tex.  Civ.  App.  245,  117  S.  W. 
486. 

"  Uertz  V.  Singer  Mfg.  Co.,  35  Hun, 
116. 

'^  Winnt  t).  International  &  G.  N. 
R.  R.,  74  Tex.  32. 

'5  Prouty  V.  Bell,  44  Vt.  72. 

"*  Alabama:  Alabama  G.  S.  R.  R.  v. 
Arnold,  84  Ala.  159, 4  So.  359,  5  Am.  St. 
Rep.  354. 

Georgia:  Savannah,  F.  &  W.  Ry.  v. 
HoUand,  82  Ga.  257,  10  S.  E.  200,  14 
Am.  St.  Rep.  158. 

Iowa:  Gustafson  v.  Wind,  62  la.  281. 

Maine:  Wilkinson  v.  Drew,  75  Me. 
360. 

Minnesota:  Andrews  v.  Stone,  10 
Mum.  72. 

Mississippi:  Southern  Ex.  Co.  v. 
Brown,  67  Miss.  260,  7  So.  318,  8  So. 
425,  19  Am.  St.  Rep.  306. 

Oregon:  Stark  v.  E^ler,  117  Pac.  276. 

^Missouri:  Anderson  v.  Shockley 
(Mo.  App.),  140  S.  W.  755. 

Texas:  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  R.  R. 
V.  Le  Gieise,  51  Tex.   189;  Zeliff  v. 


2596  PLEADING  AND  PRACTICE      §§  1264,  1265 

that  their  amount  be  stated.'*  Where  such  damages  are 
claimed  on  the  ground  of  maUce,  malice  must  be  averred  in 
the  complaint.  ^^  But  where  statutory  double  or  treble  dam- 
ages are  claimed,  the  declaration  must  allege  that  the  action 
is  brought  under  the  statute.^"  The  plaintiff,  however,  hav- 
ing claimed  such  statutory  damages,  may  recover  single  dam- 
ages if  he  does  not  prove  himself  to  be  entitled  to  the  benefit 
of  the  statute."  In  Osburn  v.  Lovell  *^  it  was  held,  that  in  an 
action  of  trespass,  to  recover  treble  damages,  evidence  that  the 
trespass  was  involuntary,  and  imder  a  bona  fide  claim  of  right, 
might  be  given  under  the  general  issue.  Cooley,  J.,  said: 
"It  was  held,  in  Delevan  v.  Bates, *^  that  whatever,  in  an  action 
of  tort,  would  go  in  mitigation  of  damages  might  be  given 
in  evidence  under  the  general  issue." 

§  1264.  Interest. 

Interest  on  a  liquidated  demand  must  be  specially  claimed, 
not  on  an  unliquidated  demand.** 

§  1266.  Special  damages — ^Actions  for  injury  to  real  estate. 

*  In  New  York,  in  an  action  on  the  case,  in  which  the  plain- 
tiff declared  against  the  defendant  for  placing  a  quantity  of 
lime,  sand,  and  other  building  material  opposite  to  his  store, 
so  that  the  free  passage  to  it  was  interrupted,  and  the  dust  and 
dirt  of  the  materials  blew  into  his  store  and  damaged  his  goods, 
it  was  held,  that  proof  that  customers  were  prevented  from 
frequenting  the  store,  and  that  a  tenant  who  occupied  it  left  it 

Jennings,  61  Tex.  458, 48  Am.  Rep.  305;  Pennsylvania:  Hughes  v.  Stevens,  36 

International  &  G.  N.  Ry.  v.  Smith,  Pa.  320. 

62  Tex.  252;  Moore  v.  Smith,  19  S.  W.  "  Starkweather  v.  Quigley,  7  Hun, 

781.  26. 

's  Krone  v.  Block,  144  Mo.  App.  575,  "  35  yi\ch..  246. 

129  S.  W.  43.  "  1  Mich.  97;  ace,  AUis  v.  Nanson 

«'  Johnson  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  41  Ind.  154. 

51  la.  25;  Jones  v.  Marshall,  56  la.  739.  "  Kansas:  Shepard  v.  Pratt,  16  Kan. 

There  need  be  no  special  allegation  of  209. 

malice  in  an  action  for  malicious  prose-  Texas:  Watkins  v.  Junker,  90  Tex. 

cution,  since  the  allegation  of  the  cause  586,  40  S.  W.  11;  San  Antonio  &  A.  P. 

of  action  includes  malice.     Davis  v.  Ry.  v.  Timon  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  110 

Seeley,  91  la.  583,  60  N.  W.  183.  S.  W.  82.    See  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.  v. 

*"  Kentucky:  Bell  v.  Norris,  79  Ky.  Starks   (Tex.  Civ.  App.),   109  S.  W. 

48,  42  Am.  Rep.  204,  1003. 


§  1265        SPECIAL  DAMAGES — INJURY  TO  REAL  ESTATE  2597 

in  consequence  of  the  nuisance,  whereby  it  remained  empty, 
was  inadmissible,  because  not  alleged  in  the  declaration  as 
special  damages.  "Where  the  damages,"  said  the  Supreme 
Court,  "actually  sustained  do  not  necessarily  arise  from  the 
act  complained  of,  and  consequently  are  not  implied  by  law,  in 
order  to  prevent  surprise  to  the  defendant,  the  plaintiff  must 
state  in  his  declaration  the  particular  damage  which  he  has 
sustained,  or  he  will  not  be  permitted  to  give  evidence  of  it 
upon  the  trial.  .  .  .  There  is  no  claim  for  damages  in  the 
declaration  for  the  loss  of  customers.  .  .  .  The  loss  of  the 
tenant  and  the  consequent  loss  of  the  rent  of  the  store,  ought 
to  have  been  specially  alleged,  in  order  to  entitle  the  plaintiff 
to  have  proved  them  as  damages."  *^ 

So,  in  a  later  case  in  the  same  State,  in  an  action  of  trespass 
on  the  case,  the  declaration  alleged  that  the  defendant,  in  con- 
sideration of  the  sale  by  the  plaintiff  to  him  of  certain  premises 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  covenanted  that  he  would  erect  on 
them  a  brick  dwelling-house,  and  would  not  erect  on  them  any 
building  to  be  occupied  in  any  manner  that  would  be  a  nuisance 
to  the  vicinity  of  the  premises.  The  declaration  then  pro- 
ceeded to  aver  that  the  defendant  had  not  erected  a  brick 
dwelling-house,  but  had  permitted  a  bake-house  to  be  erected 
on  the  premises,  and  suffered  it  to  be  occupied  in  a  manner 
that  was  a  nuisance  to  the  vicinity  of  the  premises.  There  was 
no  allegation  of  special  damage,  but  the  declaration  concluded 
generally,  to  the  damage  of  the  plaintiff  $6,000.  On  the  trial 
the  plaintiff's  counsel  offered  to  prove  actual  damage  sustained 
by  him  in  the  depreciation  of  the  value  of  premises  owned  by 
him,  adjacent  to  the  lot  in  question,  occasioned  by  the  erection 
of  the  bake-house.  But  the  evidence  was  excluded  on  the 
ground  of  the  want  of  any  allegation  of  special  damage  in  the 
declaration;  and  the  judge  who  tried  the  cause  held  that  the 
plaintiff  could  only  recover  nominal  damages.  By  consent,  a 
nonsuit  was  ordered,  and  on  motion  to  set  this  aside  the  Su- 
preme Court  held  the  decision  right.  "Suppose,"  said  Cady,  J., 
"the  bake-house  has  been  so  occupied  as  that  it  has  been  a 
nuisance.  How  has  it  damnified  the  plaintiff?  The  declaration 
does  not  show  that  he  has  been  annoyed  by  the  heat  and  smoke 
«  Squier  v.  Gould,  14  Wend.  159,  160. 


2598  PLEADING  AND  PEACTICE  §  1266 

issuing  from  the  bake-house,  or  that  he  has  any  property  which 
has  been  lessened  in  value  by  the  bake-house."  ^  ** 

In  the  following  cases  the  damages  are  special,  and  must  be 
alleged:  For  loss  of  rents  in  actions  for  injiu-y  to  real  estate.*' 
So,  in  an  action  for  throwing  water  back  upon  the  plaintiff's 
mill.*'  So,  also,  in  an  action  for  polluting  the  water  of  a 
stream;  *^  so  for  profits  of  a  mill  lost  by  the  obstruction  of  a 
water-course,^"  and  for  damage  to  plaintiff's  house  from  smoke 
and  sparks,  and  damage  to  plastering  and  paper,  and  the  dam- 
ages for  the  additional  care  required  for  children,  in  an  action 
for  laying  a  railroad  along  a  street  in  front  of  the  plaintiff's 
house."  For  nuisance  in  maintaining  stagnant  water  no  re- 
covery can  be  had  for  sickness  or  death  of  a  child  unless  specially 
alleged;  ^^  and  for  trespass  in  throwing  down  fences  no  recovery 
is  allowed,  without  special  allegation,  for  loss  of  crops  by  the 
entry  of  cattle.^'  On  the  other  hand,  no  allegation  is  required, 
in  an  action  of  trespass  quare  clausum,  to  recover  damage  to  a 
fence,  by  breaking  which  the  defendant  entered  the  land.^* 
And  the  damage  from  the  stoppage  of  the  plaintiff's  mill  is  an 
injiu-ious  consequence,  for  which  he  may  recover  in  an  action 
of  trespass  for  the  destruction  of  his  milldam,  without  specially 
averring  it  in  the  declaration.^^  So  in  proceedings  to  recover 
compensation  for  land  taken  by  eminent  domain,  damages  to 
the  land  not  taken  are  not  special  damages  in  the  sense  that 
they  must  be  specially  pleaded  in  order  to  be  proved.  ^^ 

§  1266.  For  breach  of  contract. 

No  allegation  of  special  damage  is  necessary  for  loss  of  profit 

«  Bogert  V.  Burkhalter,  2  Barb.  525.  '» Taylor  v.  Dustin,  43  N.  H.  493; 

"Adams  v.  Barry,   10  Gray,   361;  Crawford  «.  Parsons,  63  N.  H.  438. 

Parker «.  Lowell,  11  Gray,  353.  "Spencer  v.  St.  Paul  &  S.  C.  Ry., 

«  Plimpton  V.  Gardiner,  64  Me.  360.  21  Minn.  362. 

«  Potter  V.  Froment,  47  Cal.  165.    In  "  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v.  Craft  (Tex. 

this  case  it  was  also  held  that  the  cost  Civ.  App.),  102  S.  W.  170. 

of  boiling  and   skimming   the   water  "Carron  v.  Clark,   14  Mont.   301, 

must  also  be  specially  alleged  in  order  36  Pac.  178. 

to  be  proved;  but  in  Jutte  v.  Hughes,  "  Clark  v.  Boardman,  42  Vt.  667, 

67  N.Y.  267,  where  the  plaintiff's  prem-  1  Am.  Rep.  359. 

ises  were  injured  by  the  defendant's  "  Spigelmoyer  v.  Walter,  3  W.  &  S. 

failure  to  keep  his  privies  and  drains  540. 

in  repair,  it  was  held  that  loss  of  rent  "  Yellowstone  Park  R.  R.  v.  Bridger 

need  not  be  alleged  as  special  damage.  Coal  Co.,  34  Mont.  545,  87  Pac.  963. 


§  1266  FOR  BREACH  OF  CONTRACT  2599 

which  would  have  been  the  direct  result  of  work  done  at  the 
contract  price,  and  which  is  prevented  by  the  defendant's 
wrongful  act.^'  So  in  an  action  of  covenant  for  breach  of  con- 
tract in  not  building  a  house,  in  payment  of  which  the  plaintiff 
was  to  have  conveyed  certain  premises,  no  statement  of  special 
damages  is  necessary  to  entitle  the  plaintiff  to  give  evidence  of 
the  difference  in  value  between  the  house  and  the  premises 
which  constitutes  the  measiu-e  of  damages.^*  In  an  action  for 
breach  of  contract  to  give  a  lease,  damages  for  loss  of  busi- 
ness ^'  and  for  the  expense  of  removal  *"  have  been  held  re- 
coverable without  special  allegation.  But  in  an  action  for 
breach  of  contract  to  furnish  doors,  the  plaintiff,  a  master 
builder,  cannot  recover  damages  on  account  of  the  idleness  of 
his  workmen,  caused  by  not  having  the  doors,  without  special 
allegation.®'  In  an  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage, 
no  allegation  of  special  damage  is  necessary  for  loss  of  time 
and  expenses  incurred  in  preparation  for  marriage,®^  but  an 
allegation  is  necessary  for  loss  of  health  *^  and  for  seduc- 
tion.«* 

Where  damages  beyond  legal  interest  for  non-payment  of  a 
note  at  matiirity  are  allowed  by  law,  as  a  penalty,  they  cannot 
be  recovered  unless  specially  averred.®^  Counsel  fees  in  actions 
on  attachment  bonds  must  be  claimed  as  special  damages.  It 
may  be  that  no  counsel  were  necessary,  and  none  were  em- 
ployed.*® So  on  injunction  bonds.®'  No  allegation  is  necessary 
to  recover  special  damages  for  loss  of  sheep  by  disease  com- 
municated by  other  sheep  warranted  by  the  defendant;  the 
plaintiff  need  not  allege  that  the  sheep  so  warranted  were  to 
be  placed  with  the  others.®*  But  consequential  damages  from 
breach  of  warranty  of  a  chain  must,  it  has  been  held,  be  spe- 

"  Michigan:  Burrell  v.  New  York  &  "  Indiana:  Gates  v.  McKinney,  48 

S.  S.  S.  Co.,  14  Mich.  34.  Ind.  562,  17  Am.  Rep.  768. 

Missouri:  Hesse  v.  Imperial  E.  L.  H.  Wisconsin:    Leavitt    v.    Cutler,    37 

&  P.  Co.  (Mo.  App.),  140  S.  W.  911.  Wis.  46. 

M  Laraway  v.  Perkins,  10  N.  Y.  371.  «  Wilson  v.  Dean,  10  la.  432. 

5»  Ward  V.  Smith,  11  Price,  19.  "  Dothard  v.  Sheid,  69  Ala.  135. 

«"  Driggs  V.  Dwight,  17  Wend.  71,  31  •'  Washington  v.  Timberlake,  74  Ala. 

Am.  Dec.  283.  259. 

«•  Myer  v.  Davies,  17  III.  App.  228.  "  Packard  v.  Slack,  32  Vt.  9,  76  Am. 

«2  Smith  V.  Sherman,  4  Cush.  408.  Deo.  148. 

«'  BedeU  v.  Powell,  13  Barb.  183. 


2600  Pleading  and  pkactice  ||  1267,  1268 

cially  alleged, *'  as  must  consequential  damages  for  failure  to 
deliver  goods  sold.'"'  And  in  general  consequential  damages 
for  breach  of  a  contract  must  be  specially  claimed.''^ 

§  1267.  Against  carriers. 

In  an  action  for  injuries  sustained  by  the  plaintiff  from  the 
neglect  of  the  defendant  (a  carrier  of  passengers  by  steamers) 
to  furnish  proper  accommodations  and  supplies,  it  was  held 
that,  under  an  allegation  of  facts  whereby  the  plaintiff  was 
"subjected  to  great  inconvenience  and  injury,"  proof  might 
be  introduced  tending  to  prove  the  plaintiff's  illness,  and  the 
negligence  of  the  defendant  causing  such  illness,  this  not  being 
considered  by  the  court  to  be  special  damage.'^  Where  a 
carrier  lost  or  damaged  part  of  a  suit  of  clothes,  the  deprecia- 
tion of  value  of  the  remaining  parts  of  the  suit  is  general,  not 
special,  damage."  And  where  a  valuable  horse  is  injured,  the 
fact  that  he  was  of  superior  value  for  breeding  purposes  need 
not  be  alleged,  since  it  is  general  damage,'^  though  loss  of  the 
earnings  or  use  of  the  horse  is  special  damage  and  must  be 
alleged.^* 

§  1268.  For  injury  to  personal  property. 

In  the  Queen's  Bench,  in  an  action  on  the  case  for  an  exces- 
sive distress,  it  was  held,  that  no  mention  being  made  in  the 
declaration  of  the  sale,  either  for  damage  or  by  way  of  substan- 
tive complaint,  the  plaintiff  could  only  recover  damages  in 

"  Sutherland  v.  Round,  57  Fed.  467,  assessment  laid  after  breach  and  paid 

6  C.  C.  A.  428.  by  plaintiff  must  be  alleged). 

™  Brady  v.  Cassidy,  9  Misc.  107,  29         Washington:   Sudden   v.    Morse,    48 

N.  Y.  Supp.  45.  Wash.  101,  92  Pac.  901. 

"  Kentucky:  McDaniel  v.  Hutcher-         '*  Roberts  v.  Graham,  6  Wall.  578, 

son,  136  Ky.  412,  124  S.  W.  384  (con-  18  L.  ed.  791. 

tract  to  furnish  plaintiff  a  home  during         "  Cone  v.  Southern  Ry.,  85  S.  C.  524, 

life;  expense  of  removal  must  be  al-  67  S.  E.  779. 
leged).  '*  Missouri:  Van  Buskirk  v.  Quincy, 

Texas:  Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v.  O.  &  K.  C.  R.  R.,  131  Mo.  App.  357, 

Anderson,  44  Tex.  Civ.  App.  394,  98  ill  S.  W.  832. 

S.  W,  440  (injury  to  water  tank  by  Texas:  Texas  &.  P.  Ry.  v.  Newsome, 

causing  oil  to  run  into  it;  consequential  44  Tex.  Civ.  App.  513,  98  S.  W.  646. 
damage  to  land  must  be  alleged).  "  Van  Buskirk  v.  Quincy,  O.  &  K.  C. 

Vermont:  Ellis  v.  Durkee,  79  Vt.  341,  R.  R.,  131  Mo.  App.  357,  111  S.  W. 

65  Atl.  94  (contract  to  pay  for  stock;  832. 


§  1268         INJURY  TO  PERSONAL  PROPERTY  2601 

respect  to  the  detention  of  the  property,  and  not  for  the  sale.''^ 
But  where  in  an  action  in  the  nature  of  a  trespass  for  the  wrong- 
ful seizure  of  goods,  which  was  the  gist  of  the  action,  although 
the  form  of  the  plaintiff's  complaint  was  Umited  to  certain 
heads  of  special  damage  which  were  not  proved;  but  it  ap- 
peared that  the  taking  was  wrongful,  the  plaintiff  was  held,  by 
the  judicial  committee  of  the  Privy  Council,  entitled  not  only 
to  nominal  damages,  but  to  such  substantial  damage  as  the 
jury  thought  adequate.'^  In  an  action  of  trespass  de  bonis  as- 
portatis,  a  special  allegation  of  damage  has  been  required  for 
the  expense  of  recovering  the  property.'*  In  actions  of  trover 
or  replevin  and  of  trespass  for  the  destruction  of  property,  all 
damages  beyond  the  value  of  the  property,  if  recoverable  at 
all,  must  be  specially  alleged.''^  So  for  damages  beyond  the 
intrinsic  value  of  a  book  destroyed  by  the  defendant,  on  the 
ground  that  it  contained  a  subscription  list  procured  at  large 
expense.*"  So  in  an  action  for  the  loss  of  an  animal  through 
neghgence,  of  damages  beyond  its  value,  such  as  money  properly 
expended  in  efforts  to  cure  it." 

In  Indiana,  in  an  action  of  trespass  for  kilhng  a  mare,  dam- 
ages for  niu-sing  and  feeding  two  colts  she  had  been  suckling, 
and  for  care  and  attention  of  the  mare's  wound,  not  having 
been  alleged,  were  held  not  recoverable.*^  Where  an  action  is 
brought  fol"  taking  property  from  the  owner's  possession,  no 
damages  can  be  recovered,  without  special  allegation,  for  an 
injm-y  received  by  the  owner  in  an  attempt  to  defend  his 
possession.*^    It  has  been  held  that  damages  for  loss  of  use  of 

™  Thompson    v.    Wood,    4    Q.    B.  Pennsylvania:  Schofield   v.   Ferrers, 

493.  46  Pa.  438. 

"  Doss  V.  Doss,  14  L.  T.  R.  (N.  S.)  Vermont:  Park  v.  McDaniels,  37  Vt. 

646.  594. 

™  Illinois:  People  v.  Crowe,  145  111.  Canada:  Domville  v.  Keevan,  Stev. 

App.  450.  Dig.  (N.  B.)  434  (semble;  contra,  Firth 

Minnesota:  Gray  «.  Bullard,  22  Minn.  v.  Fitzgerald,  Stev.  Dig.  432). 

278.  But  see  Maine:  Bucknam  v.  Nash, 

"  California:  Stevenson  v.  Smith,  28  3  Fairf .  474. 

Cal.  102,  87  Am.  Dec.  107.  '»  Nunan  v.  San  Francisco,  38  Cal. 

Michigan:  Brink  v.  Freoff,  44  Mich.  689. 

69.  "  Patten  v.  Libbey,  32  Me.  378. 

Mississippi:  Burrage  v.  Melson,  48  ^''Teagarden  u.  Hetfield,  11  Ind.  522. 

Miss.  237.  '*  Plumb  v.  Ives,  39  Conn.  120. 


2602  PLteAbiNG  AND  piiACTiCE  §§  1269,  1270 

property  detained  may  be  recovered  without  special  allega- 
tion; ^*  but  the  contrary  opinion  has  also  been  held.** 

§  1269.  For  loss  of  business. 

For  loss  of  business,  in  the  sense  of  loss  of  time,  no  allegation 
is  necessary;  but  for  a  loss  caused  to  the  plaintiff's  particular 
business  by  the  defendant's  act  a  special  allegation  is  re- 
quired.*" Upon  a  general  allegation  of  loss  of  business  the 
plaintiff  cannot  recover  for  the  loss  of  a  particular  business 
venture  or  engagement.*^  Nor  under  such  an  allegation  can  a 
farmer  recover  damages  for  the  loss  of  his  hay  crop.**  So  upon 
a  general  allegation  of  loss  of  market,  the  plaintiff  cannot  show 
the  loss  of  a  particular  contract  of  sale.*' 

§  1270.  For  personal  injury. 

No  allegation  is  necessary  in  an  action  to  recover  for  per- 
sonal injury,  of  bodily  pain,'"  nor,  in  some  jurisdictions,  of 
mental  suffering.'^  In  an  action  for  seduction  mental  suffering 
is  a  basis  for  recovery  without  special  allegation.'^  So  in  an 
action  for  personal  injm-ies,  proof  of  damages  from  the  inter- 
ruption of  the  plaintiff's  occupation,  and  deprivation  of  his 
accustomed  means  of  earning  support,  is  inadmissible  unless 

"  Woodruff  V.  Cook,  25  Barb.  505.  Co.,  46  Barb.  222;  Klein  v.  Burleson, 

«5  Illinois:  Adams  v.  Gardner,  78  111.  138  App.  Div.  405,  122  N.  Y.  Supp. 

568.  752. 

Kentucky:  Montgomery  v.  Glasscock,  '^  Georgia:  Central  R.  R.  &  B.  Co.  v. 

121  S.  W.  668.  Lanier,  83  Ga.  587,  10  S.  E.  279. 

^  Connecticut:  Taylor  v.  Monroe,  43  Indiana:   Wright    v.    Compton,    53 

Conn.    36;   Tomlinson   v.    Derby,    43  Ind.  337. 

Conn.  562.  Iowa:  Gronan  v.  Kukkuck,  59  la.  18. 

Illinois:  Chicago  v.  G'Brennan,  65  Missouri:  Brown  v.  Hannibal  &  S.  J. 

111.  160.  Ry.,  99  Mo.  310. 

"  Alabama:    Pollock    v.    Gantt,    69  Nebraska:  Fink  v.  Busch,  83  Neb. 

Ala.  373.  599,  120  N.  W.  167. 

Illinois:    Chicago    W.    D.    Ry.    v.  New  York:  Caldwell  v.  Central  Park, 

Klauber,  9  111.  App.  613.  N.  &  E.  R.  R.,  7  Misc.  67,  27  N.  Y. 

88  Heiser  v.  Loomis,  47  Mich.  16.  Supp.  397. 

89  Rowe  V.  Titus,  1  All.  (N.  B.)  326.  Virginia:    Norfolk    &    W.    Ry.    v. 
»  Nebraska:  Fink  v.  Busch,  83  Neb.  Spears,  110  Va.  110,  65  S.  E.  482. 

599,  120  N.  W.  167.  Contra,  Oregon:  Adcock  v.   Oregon 

New   York:  Curtis  v.  Rochester  &  R.  «&  N.  Co.,  45  Ore.  173,  77  Pac.  78. 
S.  R.  R.,  18  N.  Y.  534,  75  Am.  Dec.         "^  phiUips  v.  Hoyle,  4  Gray,  568,  64 

258;  Swarthout  v.  New  Jersey  S.  B.  Am.  Dec.  95. 


§  1270  FOR  PERSONAL  INJURY  2603 

such  damages  are  specially  alleged.''  In  Tomlinson  v.  Derby  '* 
the  plaintiff  was  injured  through  a  defect  in  the  highway. 
The  complaint  alleged  that  the  plaintiff  was  thereby  "pre- 
vented from  attending  to  his  ordinary  business."  It  was  held, 
that  he  could  not  show  that  he  was  earning  $100  a  month  in 
carting  and  sawing  timber.     Loomis,  J.,  said: 

"Special  damage  is  that  which  the  law  does  not  necessarily 
imply  that  the  plaintiff  has  sustained  from  the  act  complained 
of .  .  .  .  It  would  seem,  however,  that  when  the  consequences 
of  an  injury  are  peculiar  to  the  circumstances  and  condition 
of  the  injured  party,  the  law  could  not  imply  the  damage  sim- 
ply from  the  act  causing  the  injury.  If  it  be  true  that  the 
law  implies  a  loss  of  time  from  the  act  complained  of,  it  does 
not  seem  quite  fair  and  just,  when  the  sole  object  of  the  rule 
that  requires  special  damage  to  be  averred  is  to  advise  the 
defendant  of  the  claim,  to  carry  the  implication  so  far  as  to 
imply  also  all  the  special  consequences  of  such  loss  of  time, 
when  such  consequences  must  depend  on  the  peculiar  cir- 
cumstances of  the  plaintiff  at  the  time  of  and  previous  to  the 
injury,  as  that  he  was  actually  engaged  in  some  special  business 
which  was  at  the  time  yielding  a  pecuniary  profit." 

"  Alabama:  Irby  v.  Wilde,  150  Ala.  meier  Lumber  Co.,  134  Mo.  App.  485, 

402,  43  So.  574.  114  S.  W.  1023;  Hitchings  v.  Maryville, 

Connecticut:    Morris    «.    Winchester  134  Mo.  App.   712,   115  S.   W.  473; 

R.  A.  Co.,  73  Conn.  680,  49  Atl.  180;  Ingles  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.   (Mo. 

Farrington  v.  Cheponis,  82  Conn.  258,  App.),  129  S.  W.  493;  Snickles  v.  St. 

73  Atl.  139.  Joseph,  155  Mo.  App.  308,  136  S.  W. 

Indiana:  Pittsburgh,  C,  C.  &  S.  L.  752. 

Ry.  V.  Lynch,  43  Ind.  App.   177,  87  New  York:  Hart  v.  Metropolitan  St. 

N".  E.  40.  Ry.,   121  App.  Div.  732,   106  N.  Y. 

Kentucky:  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Supp.  494. 

Reynolds,  24  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1402,  71  S.  Texas:  Texas  &  P.  Ry.  v.  Buckalew 

W.   516;   Central   Ky.   Tract.   Co.   v.  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  34  S.  W.  165;  Ft. 

Chapman,  130  Ky.  342,  113  S.  W.  438;  Worth  &  D.  C.  Ry.  v.  Morrison  (Tex. 

Lexington  Ry.  v.  Britton,  130  Ky.  676,  Civ.  App.),  129  S.  W.  1157  (but  see 

114  S.  W.  295;  Cincinnati,  N.  O.  &  T.  El  Paso  S.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Barrett,  46  Tex. 

P.  Ry.  V.  Silvers,  126  S.  W.  120.  Civ.   App.   14,   101  S.   W.   1025,   121 

Massachusetts:  Baldwin  v.  Western  S.  W.  570). 

R.  R.,  4  Gray,  333.  Contra,  New  York:  Bloom  v.  Man- 

Missouri:  Keen  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  hattan  El.  Ry.,  17  N.  Y.  Supp.  812 

&  S.  R.  R.,  129  Mo.  App.  301,  108  (except  in  case  of  married  woman). 

S.  W.  1125;  Fleddermann  v.  St.  Louis  i^nfftond;  Potter  u.  Metropolitan  Ry., 

Transit  Co.,   134  Mo.  App.   199,  113  28  L.  T,  Rep.  735. 

S.  W.  1143;  Moellman  v.  Gieze-Hensel-  '« 43  Conn.  562. 


2604  PLEADING  AND  PRACTICE  §  1270 

In  Taylor  v.  Monroe,^^  under  a  similar  allegation,  it  was  held, 
that  the  plaintiff  could  not  show  that  she  was  employed  as  a 
button-maker,  and  what  wages  she  earned.     Loomis,  J.,  said: 

"As  the  business  is  not  stated,  nor  any  earnings  or  loss  of 
earnings  mentioned,  the  allegation  referred  to  can  only  be  con- 
strued as  intended  to  characterize  the  injiu-y,  and  indicate  its 
extent  and  permanence  in  a  general  way,  which  amounts  sim- 
ply to  a  claim  for  general  damages,  and  lays  no  foxmdation 
at  all  for  proof  of  special  damages.  The  evidence  referred  to 
was  not  intended  simply  to  show  the  effect  and  extent  of  the 
injury,  but  to  enhance  the  damages,  by  showing  the  loss  of 
earnings  in  a  special  employment,  requiring  some  special  skill 
and  training.  These  damages,  therefore,  were  not  the  nec- 
essary result  of  the  acts  set  out  in  the  declaration,  and  could 
not  be  implied  by  law;  but  they  were  special  damages,  which, 
in  order  to  prevent  a  surprise  upon  the  defendant,  must  be 
particularly  specified  in  the  declaration,  or  the  plaintiff  will 
not  be  permitted  to  give  evidence  of  them  at  the  trial." 

In  an  action  by  an  unmarried  woman  against  a  carrier  for 
personal  injury  from  his  negMgence,  her  diminished  chances 
of  marriage  must  be  specially  alleged  to  entitle  her  to  an  en- 
hancement of  the  damages  on  that  groxmd.'^  In  Missouri  it 
has  been  held  that  no  recovery  can  be  had  for  medical  expenses, 
in  an  action  for  assault  and  battery,  unless  specially  alleged,^' 
but  on  general  principles  this  seems  doubtful.  In  an  action 
for  false  imprisonment,  damages  from  the  bad  condition  of  the 
jail  are  special,  and  can  only  be  proved  when  alleged.'^  So 
sickness  caused  by  the  imprisonment  must  be  specially  al- 
leged.'^ 

96  43  Conn.  36,  46.  Texas:  Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v. 

»«  Hunter  v.  Stewart,  47  Me.  419.  Rowell,  92  Tex.   147,  46  S.  W.  630; 

^Alabama:  Irby  v.  Wilde,  150  Ala.  Houston,  E.  &  W.  T.  Ry.  v.  Adams, 

402,  43  So.  574.  44  Tex.  Civ.  App.  288,  98  S.  W.  222. 

Indiana:  Pittsburgh,  C,  C.  &  S.  L.  <»  Johnson  v.   Von    Kettler,  84  111. 

Ry.  V.  Lynch,  43  Ind.  App.  177,  87  315. 

N.  E.  40.  »'  Kansas:  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R. 

Kentucky:  Lexington  Ry.  v.  Britton>  v.  Rice,  36  Kan.  593,  14  Pac.  229. 

130Ky.  676,  114S.  W.  295.  England:     Lowden     v.     Goodrick, 

Missouri:  O'Leary  v.  Rowan,  31  Mo.  Peake's  Cas.  46;  Pettit  ».  Addington, 

117;  Fleddermann  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Peake's  Cas.  62. 
Co.,  134  Mo.  App.  199,  113  S.  W.  1143. 


§  1270a  EXTENT  OF  ALLEGATION   REQUIKED  2605 

Miscarriage  as  a  result  of  a  physical  injury  is  special  damages 
which  must  be  pleaded,^™  and  so  is  the  postponement  of  a  wed- 
ding, i"! 

The  particularity  required  in  the  allegation  of  such  special 
damages  varies  in  different  jurisdictions.  The  Hmit  of  par- 
ticularity appears  to  be  reached  in  Texas,  where  not  only  is  an 
exact  description  of  the  injury  required,"^  but  in  the  case  of 
medical  expenses,  apparently,  the  amount  and  value  of  each 
physician's  services  and  an  itemized  account  of  the  medicines 
bought  must  be  given.  ^"^ 

§  1270a.  Extent  of  allegation  required. 

Not  only  must  special  damages  be  alleged  in  order  to  be 
recovered,  but  the  allegation  must  describe  them  with  sufficient 
precision  to  give  the  defendant  notice  of  the  extent  of  the  claim. 
It  is  impossible  to  reconcile  all  the  decisions  upon  this  point. 
In  New  York  the  following  rules  seem  established:  If  the 
allegations  as  to  the  physical  injury  are  very  broad,  setting  up 
sickness,  permanent  injiu-y,  etc.,  the  plaintiff  may  under  them 
prove  any  special  damage  that  has  occurred,  e.  g.,  an  injury 
to  his  spine.  If  the  defendant  desires  to  guard  against  sur- 
prise, it  is  his  business  to  move  for  a  bill  of  particulars.  But 
if  the  allegation  point  to  a  definite  injury,  e.  g.,  an  injury  to 
the  arm,  the  plaintiff  cannot  prove  some  other  injury,  e.  g., 
deafness,  merely  because  there  are  general  allegations  of  severe 
injury  and  shock.'"*    In  accordance  with  these  rules  general 

">»  Lomsville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Roney,  So  in  the  following  cases  it  was  held 

32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1326,  108  S.  W.  343.  that  after  a  description  of  specific  in- 

•»'  Beath  v.  Rapid  Ry.,   119  Mich,  juries   an   undescribed   injury   of   the 

512,  78  N.  W.  537.  sort  could  not  be  recovered.    Keefe  v. 

i»«  Suderman  v.  Woodruff,  47  Tex.  Lee,  197  N.  Y.  68,  90  N.  E.  344  (alle- 

Civ.  App.  229,  105  S.  W.  217.  gation  of  kick  on  head,  breaking  skull 

!«'  The  Oriental  v.  Barclay,  16  Tex.  and  tearing  scalp;  cannot  recover  for 

Civ.  App.  193,  41  S.  W.  117;  ace,  deafness);  Johnson  v.  Troy,  124  App. 

Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Barnwell,  131  Div.  29,  108  N.  Y.  Supp.  917  (injured 

Ga.  791,  63  S.  E.  501.  in  back,  head,  and  side,  causing  him 

™  Ehrgott  V.  Mayor,  96  N.  Y.  264;  to  be  made  sick,  sore  and  lame;  cannot 

Hergert  v.  Union  Ry.,  49  N.  Y.  Supp.  recover  for  supervening  appendicitis); 

307,  25  App.  Div.  218;  Kleiner  v.  Third  Long  v.  Fulton  Contr.  Co.,  133  App. 

Ave.  R.  R.,  55  N.  Y.  Supp.  394,  36  Div.  842,  117  N.  Y.  Supp.  1118  (skull 

App.   Div.   191;  Bolte  v.  Third  Ave.  crushed,  necessitating  removal  of  part 

R.  R.,  56  N.  Y.  Supp.  1038,  38  App.  of   skull   and   brain,    and   great   pain 

Div.  234.  suffered;  cannot  show  epilepsy,  paraly- 


2606 


PLEADING   AND   PKACTICE 


§  1270a 


allegations  have  been  held  to  cover  injuries  not  specifically 
mentioned.  1"^    On  the  other  hand,  where  aU  the  allegations 


sis,  and  mental  impairment);  Keenan 
V.  Metropoiitan  St.  Ry.,  118  App.  Div. 
56,  103  N.  Y.  Supp.  61  (husband  suing 
for  loss  of  wife's  services  alleged  that 
she  kept  house  for  him;  could  not  show 
that  she  assisted  him  in  his  duties  as 
janitor). 

On  the  other  hand,  in  Frobisher  v. 
Fifth  Ave.  Transp.  Co.,  81  Hun,  544, 
30  N.  Y.  Supp.  1099,  an  allegation  that 
plaintiff  had  become  disabled  for  life 
so  as  to  interfere  with  the  active  prose- 
cution of  his  business  permitted  evi- 
dence of  loss  of  business.  But  in  Kin- 
sella  V.  Eiesenberg,  124  App.  Div.  322, 
108  N.  Y.  Supp.  876,  an  allegation  of 
severe  injuries  to  the  back  and  side 
was  held  insufficient  to  allow  proof  of 
any  injury  of  the  sort. 

"5  United  States:  Denver  &  R.  G.  Ry. 
V.  Harris,  122  U.  S.  597,  7  Sup.  Ct. 
1286,  30  L.  R.  A.  1146  (general  allega- 
tion of  physical  injury,  recover  for 
impotency);  New  York  Transp.  Co.  v. 
Garside,  157  Fed.  521,  85  C.  C.  A.  285 
(plaintiff  disabled,  crippled  and  injured 
in  her  limbs;  may  show  one  leg  shorter 
than  the  other,  also  that  she  was  unable 
to  sleep  and  lost  in  weight  and  appe- 
tite). 

Colorado:  Denver  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  v. 
Mitchell,  42  Colo.  43,  94  Pac.  289 
(suffered  great  personal  injuries;  may 
show  injury  to  lungs). 

Iowa:  Fox  v.  Chicago,  S.  P.  &  K.  C. 
R.  R.,  86  la.  368,  53  N.  W.  259  (suf- 
fered great  expense;  may  show  that  a 
mattress,  quilt  and  springs  were  in- 
jured by  appheations  of  medicine  to 
plaintiff's  foot). 

Kansas:  Cudahy  Packing  Co.  v. 
Broadbent,  70  Kan.  535,  79  Pac.  126 
(leg  broken  and  great  pain  suffered; 
may  show  that  eight  days  after  the  leg 
was  set  it  was  necessary  to  break  and 
reset  it,  causing  great  pain). 

Kentucky:  Cincinnati,  N.  O.  &  T.  P. 


Ry.  V.  Halcomb,  105  S.  W.  968,  32  Ky. 
L.  Rep.  381  (long  confined  to  bed  and 
unable  to  teach  school;  may  recover 
for  impaired  ability  to  earn  money); 
Cumberiand  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Overfield, 
127  Ky.  548,  106  S.  W.  242  (permanent 
disability;  may  show  permanent  reduc- 
tion in  power  to  earn  money).  , 

Michigan:  Beath  v.  Rapid  Ry.,  119 
Mich.  512,  78  N.  W.  537  (mental  suffer- 
ing, may  recover  for  mortification  of 
being  obliged  to  use  crutch  and  cane); 
Groat  V.  United  Ry.,  153  Mich.  165, 
116  N.  W.  1081  (greatly  injured  and 
bruised  internally,  and  permanently  in- 
jured; may  show  permanent  injury  to 
uterus). 

Missouri:  Van  Cleve  v.  St.  Louis, 
M.  &  S.  E.  R.  R.,  124  Mo.  App.  224, 
101  S.  W.  632  (chest  bruised  and 
crushed,  and  permanent  injury;  may 
show  pulmonary  tuberculosis);  Hitch- 
ings  V.  Maryville,  134  Mo.  App.  712, 115 
S.  W.  473  (is  and  will  be  incapacitated 
from  earning  livelihood;  recover  for 
lost  earnings  from  date  of  injury). 

Texas:  Rea  v.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry. 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  73  S.  W.  655  (injury 
to  lungs;  may  recover  for  increased 
susceptibihty  to  lung  disease);  San 
Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v.  Beam  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  50  S.  W.  411  (injury  in- 
capacitated plaintiff  from  making  a 
living;  may  recover  for  diminished 
capacity  to  labor);  San  Antonio  & 
A.  P.  Ry.  V.  Corley  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
26  S.  W.  903  (mental  agony;  recover 
for  peril  and  fright);  Triolo  v.  Foster 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  57  S.  W.  698  (suf- 
fered great  pain;  recover  for  mental 
pain);  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.  v.  Garber 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  Ill  S.  W.  227  (per- 
manent incapacity;  recover  for  dim- 
inished earning  capacity);  Ft.  Worth  & 
D.  C.  Ry.  V.  Morrison  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  123  S.  W.  621  (internal  in- 
juries; may  recover  for  injury  to  blad- 


§1271 


FOK   OTHER  TORTS 


2607 


of  special  damages  are  of  specific  injuries,  it  is  usually  held 
that  there  can  be  no  recovery  for  injuries  not  described,^"* 
though  recovery  has  been  allowed  in  some  cases.  ^"^ 

§  1271.  For  other  torts. 

In  Alabama,  it  has  been  held,  that  in  an  action  brought  by  a 
firm  for  a  malicious  prosecution,  proof  of  special  damage  aris- 
ing from  loss  of  reputation,  credit,  or  business,  cannot  be  given 


der);  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Brown 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  140  S.  W.  1172  (per- 
manent injury,  capacity  to  earn  prob- 
ably destroyed;  may  recover  for  loss  of 
time). 

Washington:  Clukey  v.  Seattle  El. 
Co.,  27  Wash.  70,  67  Pac.  379  (hurt 
about  the  abdomen,  and  imnatural 
internal  bleeding;  may  recover  for  mis- 
carriage). 

See,  however,  several  cases  cited  in 
the  following  note. 

'""  Kentucky:  Louisville  Ry.  v.  Gaugh, 
133  Ky.  467,  118  S.  W.  276  (injury  to 
head  alleged;  cannot  show  resulting 
deafness). 

Michigan:  Puller  v.  Jackson,  92 
Mich.  197,  52  N.  W.  1075  (injury  to 
spine,  and  otherwise  bruised,  wounded, 
and  injured;  cannot  show  injury  to 
breast);  Hall  v.  Cadillac,  114  Mich.  99, 
72  N.  W.  33  (knee  wrenched,  greatly 
bruised  and  injured,  became  sick,  sore, 
lame,  and  disabled,  suffered  great 
pain  and  distress;  cannot  show  result- 
ing rheumatism). 

Montana:  Gordon  v.  Northern  Pac. 
Ry.,  39  Mont.  571,  104  Pac.  679  (right 
eye  cut  and  destroyed,  suffered  excru- 
ciating pain;  cannot  show  impairment 
of  sight  of  left  eye). 

Texas:  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Cook,  8  Tex.  Qv.  App.  376,  27  S.  W. 
769  (wounded,  skinned  and  bruised, 
and  greatly  shocked  and  injured  in 
head,  chest,  lungs,  back,  spine,  and 
limbs,  and  sustained  serious  external 
and  internal  injuries;  cannot  recover 
for  impairment  of  genital  and  urinary 


organs);  Campbell  v.  Cook,  86  Tex.  632, 
26  S.  W.  486,  reveraing  24  S.  W.  977 
(tearing  flesh,  bruising,  wounding  and 
injuring  back,  bowels,  hips,  legs  and 
other  parts  and  members  of  body;  can- 
not recover  for  impairment  of  capacity 
to  have  sexual  intercourse). 

Utah:  Pugmire  v.  Oregon  S.  L.  R.  R., 
33  Utah,  27,  92  Pac.  762  (blow  on  head, 
back  sprained,  arms  bruised  and 
sprained,  right  limb  injured,  and  in- 
ternal injuries;  cannot  recover  for 
injury  to  eyes). 

Washington:  Horton  v.  Seattle,  53 
Wash.  316,  101  Pac.  1091  (hip  disloca- 
ted, leg  paralyzed,  abdomen  bruised, 
shock  to  nervous  system,  physical 
health  greatly  impaired;  cannot  show 
excessive  menstruation). 

"'  United  States:  Katahdin  P.  &  P. 
Co.  V.  Peltomaa,  156  Fed.  342,  84  C.  C. 
A.  238  (injured  on  head  and  shoulders, 
left  arm  broken,  injured  in  arms,  legs, 
and  sides,  suffered  great  pain  in  body 
and  mind;  may  recover  for  resulting 
nervous  disturbances  and  other  internal 
injuries). 

Michigan:  Montgomery  v.  Lansing 
C.  E.  Ry.,  103  Mich.  46,  61  N.  W.  543 
(plaintiff  seriously  hurt,  wounded  and 
crippled,  and  back  and  spine  seriously 
injured;  may  show  injury  to  lung  and 
resulting  consumption). 

Texas:  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Edling,  18  Tex.  Civ.  App.  171,  45 
S.  W.  406  (wound  on  side,  two  ribs 
fractured,  internal  injuries  to  lungs, 
chest  and  heart;  may  show  injury  to 
kidney). 


2608  PLEADING  AND  PRACTICE  §  1271 

unless  it  is  specially  averred  in  the  declaration,  i"*  And  the 
principle  has  been  recognized  in  South  CaroUna  ^"^  and  Penn- 
sylvania."" For  slander  of  the  plaintiff  in  either  a  public  or 
private  official  capacity  no  allegation  of  special  damage  is 
necessary;  "'  but  special  damage  must  be  alleged  for  injury 
to  an  author  from  the  disparagement  of  a  copyrighted  work."^ 
In  an  action  for  slander  for  words  spoken  of  the  plaintiff  in  his 
trade  or  business,  with  a  general  allegation  of  loss  of  business, 
it  is  competent  for  the  plaintiff  to  prove,  and  the  jury  to  assess, 
damages  for  a  general  loss  or  decrease  of  trade,  although  the 
declaration  alleges  loss  of  particular  customers  as  special  dam- 
age, which  is  not  proved;  "'  and  where  language  is  hbellous 
per  se,  and  is  calculated  to  affect  the  credit  and  reputation, 
damages  may  be  recovered  for  injury  to  credit  and  reputation 
without  special  allegation."^  Only  nominal  damages  can  be 
recovered  against  a  sheriff  for  not  executing  a  deed  on  a  par- 
tition sale,  unless  special  damages  are  alleged."*  An  allega- 
tion is  necessary  for  recovery  of  the  expenses  occasioned  by  the 
fraudulent  imitation  of  trade-marks."^ 

In  an  action  for  wrongful  levy  on  exempt  property,  the  ex- 
pense of  legal  proceedings  to  assert  the  exemption  and  of  haul- 
ing the  goods  back  to  the  plaintiff's  house  canndt  be  recovered 
without  special  allegation."'  In  an  action  for  wrongfully 
allowing  defendant's  bucks  to  mingle  with  plaintiff's  ewes,  no 
damages  can  be  recovered,  without  special  allegation,  for  the 
expense  of  men  to  care  for  the  ewes  and  sheds  to  protect 
them."^  In  an  action  for  alienating  the  affections  of  a  hus- 
band, mental  suffering  may  be  recovered  without  special  al- 
legation."' 

™  Donnell  v.  Jones,  13  Ala.  490,  48  •"  Lusk  v.  Briscoe,  65  Mo.  555. 

Am.  Deo.  59.  "» Dixon  v.  Fawcus,  3  L.  T.  R.  (N. 

™  Rowand  v.   Bellinger,   3   Strobh.  S.)  693. 

373.  1"  Boggan  v.  Bennett,  102  Ala.  400, 

"» Stanfield  v.  Phillips,  78  Pa.  73.  14  So.  742. 

"'  Foulger  v.  Newcomb,  L.  R.  2  Ex.  "»  McKinney  v.   Carson,   35  Utah, 

327.  180,  99  Pac.  660. 

"2  Swan  V.  Tappan,  5  Cush.  104.  "» Kansas:    Nevins    v.    Nevins,    68 

"» Evans    v.   Harries,    1   H.   &   N.  Kan.  410,  75  Pac.  492. 

251.  Kentucky:  Klein  v.  Klein,  101  S.  W. 

1"  Warner  Instrument  Co.  v.  Inger-  382,  31  Ky.  L.  Rep.  28. 
BoU,  157  Fed.  311. 


§§  1271a,  1272         demurrer  overruled  2609 

§  1271a.  Answers. 

Great  variety  of  practice  prevails  as  to  the  necessity  of 
setting  up  in  a  plea  or  answer  matters  in  mitigation  or  reduction 
of  damages.  In  the  common-law  system  of  pleading  no 
matter  of  mitigation  needed  pleading,  but  the  damages  might 
be  decreased  by  evidence  introduced  under  the  general  issue, 
and  under  modern  systems  of  pleading  this  is  still  true  in  gen- 
eral; ^^  for  allegations  of  damage  are  not  issuable,  and  the  plea 
should  state  only  facts  which  if  true  would  bar  recovery. 
But  imder  modern  codes  of  procediu-e  notice  of  matters  of 
mitigation  must  in  some  cases  be  given  in  the  answer,  and  it  is 
sometimes  held  in  jurisdictions  having  a  code  of  procediwe 
that  matters  in  mitigation  generally  must  be  pleaded  by  the 
defendant.  ^^1 

II. — Practice 

§  1272.  Damages  upon  demurrer  overruled. 

When  upon  a  demurrer  judgment  is  given  for  the  plaintiff, 
damages  are  to  be  assessed  upon  testimony;  as  has  been  seen, 
the  amount  of  damages  claimed  is  not  to  be  allowed  without 
proof.  The  defendant  has  a  right  to  be  heard  on  the  question 
of  damages,  ^^^  and  may  reduce  them  to  a  nominal  amount.  ^^' 

*  Where  there  is  a  demurrer  to  evidence  and  a  joinder, 
the  court  may  have  the  damages  assessed  by  the  jmy  con- 
ditionally, or  they  may  discharge  the  jury,  leaving  the  damages 
to  be  assessed  by  another  jury,  should  the  demurrer  be  over- 
ruled.^^* **    If  a  demmrer  to  a  declaration  in  a  suit  by  drawer 

•™  Georgia:  McPhereon  v.  Chandler,  Missouri:  State  v.  Dickmann  (Mo. 

72  S.  E.  948.  App.),  124  S.  W.  29  (in  defamation). 

Indiana:  Blizzard  v.  Applegate,  61  New  York:  Bradner  i;.  Faulkner,  93 

Ind.  368   (except  by  statute,  in  def-  N.  Y.  515. 

amation).  See  Georgia:  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.  v. 

Michigan:  Osbom  v.  LoveU,  36  Mich.  Powell,  127  Ga.  805,  56  S.  E.  1006, 

246.  9  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  769. 

Missouri:  Beck  v.  Dowell,  40  Mo.  "z  Hanley  w.  Sutherland,  74  Me.  212. 

App.  71  (except  by  statute,  in  defama-  "'  Crogan  v.  Schiele,  53  Conn.  186, 

tion).  55  Am.  Rep.  88. 

Vermont:  Collins  v.  Perkins,  31  Vt.  ^'*  Ftorida:   Hanover   F.    I.    Co.    v. 

624.  Lewis,  23  Fla.  193.      , 

^'^  Kentucky:  Cincinnati,   N.   O.   &  Indiana:  Andrews  v.  Hammond,  8 

T.  P.  Ry.  V.  Crabtree,  100  S.  W.  318,  Blackf.  540. 

30  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1000.  See  Bull.  N.  P.  314,  2  Tidd's  Pr.  786. 

164 


2610  PLEADING  AND   PRACTICE  §§  1273,  1274 

against  acceptor  be  overruled,  the  court  may,  in  Indiana,  assess 
the  damages  so  far  as  the  amount  due  on  the  bill  is  concerned; 
but  as  to  the  costs  of  the  protest,  if  chargeable  at  all,  there 
must  be  a  jury.^^''  So  upon  any  undisputed  document  the 
court  may  assess  damages  without  a  jury;  ^^^  but  where  a 
doubtful  question  of  fact  is  involved,  like  interest  on  a  foreign 
judgment,  a  jury  must  be  called  in.^^'  On  a  venire  tarn  quam, 
to  try  an  issue  as  to  one  count,  and  assess  contingent  damages 
on  demurrer  to  others,  if  the  plaintiff  be  nonsuited  as  to  the 
issue,  he  cannot  proceed  to  assess  contingent  damages  on  the 
counts  demurred  to.'^*  When  a  declaration  in  assumpsit 
contains  a  common  count,  after  judgment  for  the  plaintiff 
on  demurrer,  a  writ  of  inquiry  should  be  awarded  to  ascertain 
the  damages. ^^'  In  Connecticut,  however,  it  is  said  that  "an 
inquest  is  merely  to  inform  the  conscience  of  the  court,"  and 
may  therefore  be  dispensed  with;  and  the  practice  in  that 
State,  when  a  demurrer  by  the  defendant  is  overruled,  is  for 
the  court  to  assess  damages  in  all  cases.  ^^''  In  Maine  the 
plaintiff  has  the  option  of  demanding  a  jury.'"  In  Illinois 
the  court  may  assess  damages  without  a  jury."^ 

§  1273.  Upon  plea  in  abatement. 

Where  issue  on  a  plea  in  abatement  is  found  for  the  plaintiff, 
the  judgment  against  the  defendant  is  final,  and  the  same  jury 
should  assess  the  damages.  If  they  fail,  however,  to  do  so, 
under  the  practice  in  Kentucky,  a  jury  to  inquire  of  damages 
may  be  called,  instead  of  ordering  a  venire  de  novo.^^^ 

§  1274.  Upon  plea  to  the  damage. 

*  There  has  been  much  discussion  how  far  a  plea  can  be  put 
in  to  the  damage  only;  and  the  reasonable  rule  appears  to  be 

12S  Phipps  V.  Addison,  7  Blackf.  375.  '^r  Evans  v.  Irvin,  1  Port.  390. 

In  the  same  State,  in  debt  t)n  a  sheriff's  '^  Packard  v.  Hill,  7  Cow.  434. 

bond  upon  the  execution  of  a  writ  of         i^'  Stanton  v.  Henderson,  1  Ind.  69. 
inquiry,  after  a  demurrer  to  the  repli-         ""  Havens  v.  Hartford  &  N.  H.  R.  R. 

cation,    assigning   breaches   has   been  28  Conn.  69,  91. 

overruled,  the  quantum  of  the  relator's  "i  Hanley  v.  Sutherland     74    Me. 

damages  is  the  only  subject  of  inquiry.  212. 
Clark  V.  The  State,  7  Blackf.  570.  "2  Hopkins  v.  Ladd,  36  III.  178. 

"8  Harrington  v.  Witherow,  2  Blackf.  "'  Weathers  v.  Mudd,  12  B    Mon 

37.  112. 


§  1275  UPON   DEFAULT  2611 

that  such  a  plea  is  bad,  unless  the  damage  is  so  essentially 
the  cause  of  action  that  without  it  the  suit  could  not  be  main- 
tained.^**** So  where  the  defendant  rightfully  entered  the 
plaintiff's  close,  but  did  unnecessary  damage  in  carrying  away 
goods,  damage  being  the  cause  of  action,  it  was  held  that  a 
plea  denying  unnecessary  damage  was  an  issuable  allegation.'*^ 
But  where  a  complaint  alleged  the  monthly  rental  value  of 
premises  to  be  $125,  and  the  answer  denied  that  the  value  was 
more  than  $75,  it  was  held  that  no  judgment  could  issue  with- 
out a  finding  of  the  value.'*® 

§  1275.  Upon  default. 

A  judgment  by  default  is  an  admission  of  the  plaintiff's 
right  to  recover  damages,  but  not  as  to  the  amount  of  damages; 
and  upon  a  writ  of  inquiry,  the  defendant  has  a  right  to  cross- 
examine  the  plaintiff's  witnesses,'"  and  the  plaintiff  has  the 
right  to  open  and  close.'**  The  plaintiff,  on  default,  must 
prove  his  damages,  or  he  can  recover  nominal  damages  only.'*^ 
So  where,  in  an  action  for  trespass,  the  plaintiff  took  judgment 
by  default,  but  gave  no  evidence  of  circumstances  of  aggi'ava- 
tion,  it  was  held  that  although  these  were  alleged  in  the  plead- 
ings, they  were  not  admitted  by  the  default,  and  exemplary 
damages  could  not  be  given.'*"  So  in  an  action  for  injury  to 
property  through  negUgence,  it  was  held  that,  upon  an  assess- 
ment of  damages  after  default,  the  defendant  could  reduce  the 
amount  to  nominal  damages  by  showing  that  there  was  no 

i'«  New  Jersey:  Hopple  v.  Higbee,  23  Illinois:  Chicago  &  R.  I.  R.  R.  v. 

N.  J.  L.  342.  Ward,  16  lU.  522. 

New  York:  Saltus  v.  Kip,  2  Abb.  Pr.  "*  Wausau  Boom  Co.  v.  Dunbar,  75 

382.  Wis.  133,  43  N.  W.  739. 

England:  Robinson  v.  Marchant,  7  ^'•^  Kentucky:  Daniel  v.  Judy,  14  B. 

Q.  B.  918;  Wilby  v.  Elston,  8  C.  B.  142;  Mon.  393. 

Reindel  u.  Schell,  4  Jur.  (N.  S.)  310,  New  Hampshire:  Willson  v.  Willson, 

27  L.  J.  (C.  P.)  146.  25  N.  H.  229,  57  Am.  Dec.  320. 

"5  Carpenter  v.  Barber,  44  Vt.  441.         New  York:  Connoss  v.  Meir,  2  E.  D. 
"6  Chuck  V.  Quan  Wo  Chong  (Cal.),      Smith,   314;   Hackett  v.   Richards,   3 

28  Pac.  45.  E.  D.  Smith,  13. 

'"  Arkansas:  Thompson  v.  Haislip,  North  Carolina:  McLeod  v.  Nimocks, 

14  Ark.  220;  Mizell  v.  McDonald,  25  122  N.  C.  437,  29  S.  E.  577. 

Ark.  38.  "» Chicago  &  I.  R.  R.  v.  Baker,  73 

Florida:  Russ  v.  Gilbert,  19  Fla.  54,  111.  316. 
45  Am.  Rep.  1. 


2612  PLEADING  AND  PRACTICE  §  1276 

negligence  on  his  part."^  But  the  jury  cannot,  after  a  de- 
fault, find  for  the  defendant;  "^  they  must  find  at  least  one 
mill  as  damages."'  The  court  may,  as  in  case  of  demurrer 
overruled,  assess  damages  where  the  amount  is  certain;  but 
the  value  of  foreign  money  must  be  found  by  a  jury,"^  and  so 
in  any  case  where  questions  of  fact  are  involved."^ 

§  1276.  Entire  or  several  damages— Joinder  of  good  and  bad 
counts. 

*  We  have  already  said,  that  an  important  question  may  arise 
as  to  the  assessment  of  entire  or  several  damages.  The  jury 
may  assess  entire  or  distinct  damages  on  each  of  the  counts, 
when  separate  injuries  have  been  proved.  If  distinct  damages 
be  assessed,  judgment  may  be  given  on  either  of  the  counts; 
but  if  the  jury  find  entire  damages  on  all  the  counts,  the  judg- 
ment must  be  entire;  and  in  this  case,  if  one  of  the  counts  be 
insufficient,  judgment  will  be  arrested,  or  a  writ  of  error  be 
sustainable."^  This  may  be  where  a  good  count  is  joined 
to  a  bad  count;  or  where  a  bad  assignment  of  breaches  is  joined 
with  good;  or  where  counts,  though  good  in  themselves,  are 
improperly  joined;  or  where  a  single  count  contains  good  and 
bad  causes  of  action;  and  in  those  cases,  if  general  damages 
be  assessed,  the  practice  has  been  different.  If  the  verdict 
can  be  amended  or  applied  to  the  good  counts,  this  in  some 

"'  Batchelder   v.    Bartholomew,    44     that  it  did  not  apply  to  criminal  prose- 
Conn.  494.  cutions.     But  in  O'Connell   v. 


1"  Ellis  V.  State,  2  Ind.  262.  nam,  9  Jurist,  25,  the  same  principle 
1"  Frazier  v.  Lomax,  1  D.  C.  (1  Cr.  was  applied  to  an  indictment  for  con- 
C.  C.)  328.    In  Lower  Canada  it  seems  spiracy.     See,  also,  Cheetham  v.  Til- 
that  the  court  always  assesses  dam-  lotson,  5  Johns.  430.    The  rule  in  civil 
ages  upon  default.     Vadebonoocur  v.  actions  has  been  affirmed  in  England. 
Mason,  5  Rev.  Leg.  238.  Eliot  v.  Allen,  1  C.  B.  18.     Where  a 
1"  Maunsell  v.  Massareene,  5  T.  R.  breach  gives  no  data  to  regulate  the 
87.  assessment  of  damages,  though  it  neg- 
>"  Maund  v.  Loeb,  87  Ala.  374.  ative  the  words  of  the  condition  of  the 
i«  Chitty  on  Pleading,  vol.  i,  p.  447;  bond,  it  is  not  well  assigned.     People 
Hambleton  v.  Veere,  2  Saunders,  169;  v.  Russell,  4  Wend.  570.    But  if  so  as- 
Eddowes   v.   Hopkins,    1    Doug.    376;  signed  that  the  plaintiff  would  be  en- 
Grant  V.  Astle,  2  Doug.  722.     In  this  titled  to  nominal  damages  only,  it  is 
case  Lord  Mansfield,  while  he  main-  not  enough.     Albany  Dutch  Church 
tained  the  doctrine,  declared  the  rule  v.  Vedder,   14  Wend.   165;  Backus  v. 
"inconvenient,    ill-founded,    and    ab-  Richardson,  5  Johns.  476. 
surd,"  and  called  attention  to  the  fact, 


§  1277  JUDGMENT  WHEN  AREESTED  2613 

cases  will  be  done.^^^  And  it  has  been  said,  in  England,  to  be  a 
settled  rule  that,  "if  the  same  count  contains  two  demands  or 
complaints,  for  one  of  which  the  action  Ues,  and  not  for  the 
other,  all  the  damages  shall  be  referred  to  the  good  cause  of 
action,  although  it  would  be  otherwise  if  they  were  in  separate 
counts."  1^8 

§  1277.  Judgment  when  arrested. 

But  if  the  verdict  cannot  be  awarded  or  apphed  to  the  good 
counts,  th^n  the  question  is,  whether  the  cause  should  be  tried 
again,  or  the  judgment  entirely  arrested.  In  some  cases  the 
judgment  has  been  arrested;  "'  and  this  stUl  seems  the  practice 
in  England,  where  counts,  good  in  themselves,  were  improperly 
joined,  which  is  in  truth  a  misjoinder  of  causes  of  action;  "" 
but  where  good  counts  are  joined  with  bad,  the  rule  now  seems 
to  be  that  a  new  trial  will  be  awarded. ^^^  Such  seems  the  well- 
settled  system  in  England;  but  in  some  parts  of  our  Union,  a 
more  rational  rule  has  been  adopted.  In  Connecticut,  the  Su- 
preme Court  has  said,  that  "if  there  be  good  and  bad  counts, 
or  good  and  bad  matter  in  the  same  count,  the  presumption, 
in  our  courts,  is,  that  damages  are  given  on  the  good  parts."  ^^^ 
So,  in  Ohio,  if  the  declaration  contains  a  good  count  among 
defective  counts,  the  court  on  error  will  intend  that  the  verdict 
was  well  taken  on  the  good  count,  unless  the  record  shows  that 
it  was  rendered  upon  those  that  were  defective."^  Mr.  Ser- 
geant Williams,  in  his  valuable  notes  to  Saimders'  Reports,  ^^* 
after  collecting  a  great  number  of  cases  on  this  subject,  observes 
that  the  result  of  them  all  appears  to  be,  that  where  it  is  ex- 

'"  Chitty  on  Pleadings,  448.  verse  the  judgment.     Gordon  v.  Ken- 

i«  Doe  d.  Lawrie  v.  Dyeball,  8  B.  &  nedy,  2  Binn.  287;  Lewis  v.  Witham, 

C.  70;  Kitchenman  v.  Skeel,  3  Ex.  49.  2  Strange,  1185. 

"'  Com.  Dig.  Damages,  E.  5;  Comer  ""  Johnson  v.  Mullin,  12  Ohio,   10; 

V.  Shew,  4  M.  &  W.  163.    Where  the  Chisom  v.  School  District,  19  Ohio,  289. 

plaintiff  declares  upon  a  contract  con-  "'  Kitchenman  v.  Skeel,  3  Ex.  49. 

sisting  of  several  parts,   and  assigns,  "^  Graves  u.  Waller,   19  Conn.  90; 

among  other  breaches,  one  which  from  ace,  Leach  v.  Thomas,  2  M.  &  W.  427; 

his  own  showing,  could  not  have  taken  Emblin  v.  Dartnell,  12  M.  &  W.  830. 

place  before  the  action  was  brought,  "'  Hopkins  v.  Beedle,  1  Caines,  347; 

the  court  cannot  intend  that  the  dam-  Lyle  v.  Clason,  1  Caines,  581. 

ages,  if  assessed  generally,  were  given  '"  Note  to  Hambleton  v.  Veere,  2 

only  for  that  matter  in  the  count  which  Saund.  169,  171. 

was  actionable,  and  therefore  will  re- 


2614  Pleading  and  practice  §  1278 

pressly  and  positively  averred  in  the  declaration  that  the 
plaintiff  has  sustained  damages  for  a  cause  arising  subsequent 
to  the  commencement  of  his  suit,  or  previous  to  his  having  any 
right  of  action,  and  the  jury  gives  entire  damages,  the  judg- 
ment will  be  arrested.  But  when  the  cause  of  action  is  properly 
laid,  and  the  other  matter  comes  in  either  under  a  scilicet,  or  is 
void,  insensible,  or  impossible,  and  it  therefore  caimot  be  in- 
tended that  the  jury  ever  had  it  under  their  consideration,  the 
plaintiff  will  be  entitled  to  judgment."^  The  better  mode,  of 
com-se,  where  any  difficulty  of  this  kind  is  apprehended,  is  to 
assess  the  damages  severally  on  each  count.  In  such  case  the 
judgment  wiU  be  arrested  only  on  the  count  that  is  bad.^^' 

§  1278.  Cotint  bad  in  part. 

So,  part  of  a  coimt  may  be  bad;  and  in  such  a  case,"^  in  an 
action  of  covenant  for  quiet  enjoyment,  the  plaintiff  had 
averred  by  way  of  special  damages,  after  setting  out  an  evic- 
tion, that  he  had  lost  divers  large  sums  of  money  expended  on 
and  about  improving  the  premises ;  it  was  insisted  that,  as  part 
of  the  special  damage  did  not  fall  within  the  covenant,  and  the 
jmy  had  assessed  general  damages,  the  whole  was  erroneous. 
But  Abbott,  C.  J.,  intimated  that,  the  whole  declaration  con- 
sisting of  one  count,  after  verdict  it  was  to  be  presumed  that 
the  judge,  at  the  trial,  directed  the  jury  to  confine  their  atten- 
tion to  that  part  of  the  special  damage  only  which  was  relevant 
to  the  covenant  broken.  So,  in  New  York,  it  has  been  held 
that  where  a  coimt  contains  two  separate  and  distinct  allega- 
tions of  damages,  one  actionable  and  the  other  not,  no  motion 
in  arrest  of  judgment  wiU  be  sustained;  for  the  coiui;  wiU  intend, 
after  verdict,  that  the  damages  were  only  given  for  the  action- 
able part  of  the  declaration.^**  **    So,  in  slander,  if  the  words 

1"  Steele  v.  Western  Inland  L.  N.  i"  Campbell  v.  LevfTS,  3  B.  &  Aid. 

Co.,  2  Johns.  286.  392. 

i»  Hayter  v.  Moat,  2  M.  &  W.  56.  i»  Steele  v.  Western  I.  L.  N.  Co.,  2 

In  the  case  of  Gregory  v.  The  Duke  of  Johns.  286;  Osbom's  Case,  10  Coke, 

Brunswick,  7  Scott's  N.  R.  972,  the  130;  Lloyd  v.  Morris,  Willes  R.  443; 

jury  having  found  a  general  verdict  for  5  Bac.  Abr.  249.    This  rule  was  also 

the  defendants,  the  court  refused  to  followed  by  the  New  York  Supreme 

award  a  venire  de  novo  on  the  groimd  Court.    Edwards  v.  Reynolds,  Hill  & 

that  they  had  not  assessed  damages  on  D.  Supp.  53.     But  in  the  New  York 

the  issue  at  law.      '  Superior  Court  it  has  been  held,  that 


§  1279  JOINT  TORTS  2615 

are  all  spoken  at  one  time  and  aU  embraced  in  one  coimt,  and 
among  them  are  any  that  will  maintain  the  action,  a  verdict 
for  the  plaintiff  will  be  good,  since  it  will  be  intended  that  the 
damages  are  for  the  actionable  words  only,  and  that  the  others 
were  alleged  for  aggravation.  But  if  the  action  be  for  different 
words  spoken  at  different  times,  and  will  lie  for  the  one,  but 
not  for  the  other,  a  general  verdict  for  entire  damages  will  not 
be  good.^^' 

§  1279.  Joint  torts. 

*In  regard  to  the  verdict,  the  question  of  severance  is  im- 
portant in  another  point  of  view.  Where  several  persons  are 
jointly  charged  in  an  action  of  tort,  as  of  assault,  battery,  and 
false  imprisonment,  and  they  either  plead  jointly,  or  sever  in 
their  pleas,  or  one  suffers  judgment  to  go  by  defaidt,  if  the  jury 
assesses  several  damages,  the  verdict  is  wrong,  and  the  judg- 
ment will  be  erroneous, ^^  for  the  trespass  being  jointly  charged, 
and  the  jury  finding  them  jointly  guilty,  the  damages  cannot 
be  separated,  and  consequently  the  verdict  should  be  for  the 
amount  which  the  most  culpable  ought  to  pay.**  In  many 
cases  of  joint  trespass  and  several  damages  given,  the  plaintiff 
is  permitted  to  enter  one  joint  judgment  against  all,  assuming 
the  largest  sum  assessed  against  any  one  as  the  damages 
against  all,  de  rmlioribus  damnis.^^^  So  where  a  joint  tort  had 
been  committed,  and  the  referee  found  that  the  plaintiffs  had 

where  damages  have  been  assessed  by  New  York:  Bohim  v.  Taylor,  6  Cow. 

the  jury  in  one  sum  upon  two  items  of  313;  Beal  v.  Finch,  11  N.  Y.  128. 

claim,  on  one  of  which  plaintiff  was  Pennsylvania:   Wakely   v.    Hart,    6 

entitled  to  recover,  while  on  the  other  Binn.  316,  319. 

he  was  not,  and  they  cannot  be  severed  Virginia:    Crawford    v.    Morris,    5 

and  apportioned  by  the  appellate  court,  Gratt.  90. 

there  must  be  a  new  trial,  unless  the  England:  Salmon  v.  Smith,  1  Saun- 

plaintiff  will  remit   the  damages  en-  ders,  207,  note  2;  Hill  v.  Goodchild,  5 

tirely.     Sherry  v.   Frecking,   4  Duer,  Burr.  2790;  Mitchell ».  Milbank,  6  T.  K. 

452.  199;  Brown  v.  Allen,  4  Esp.  158. 

"'Empson  f.  GriflBn,  11  A.  &  E.  186.  In  Tennessee  it  was  held  that  the 

™  Connecticut:   Bostwick   v.   Lewis,  plaintiff  could  have  several  judgments 

1  Day,  33.  against  joint  trespassers,  but  only  one 

Illinois:  Yeazel  v.  Alexander,  58  111.  satisfaction.     Brison  v.  Dougherty,  3 

254.  Baxter,  93. 

Massachusetts:  Kennebeck  Purchase  ^'  Halsey  v.  Woodruff,  9  Pick.  555; 

V.   Boulton,  4  Mass.  419;  Halsey  v.  Fuller  v.  Chamberlain,  11  Met.  503. 
Woodruff,  9  Pick.  555. 


2616  PLEAIUNG   AND   PEACTICE  §§  1280,  1281 

been  damaged  by  one  of  the  defendants  to  the  amount  of  $600, 
and  by  the  other  to  the  amount  of  $150,  it  was  held  by  the 
Superior  Court  of  New  York  that  the  judgment  was  rightly 
entered  against  both  in  the  larger  amount.  "^  Or  the  error  may 
be  cured  by  entering  a  nolle  prosequi  against  one,  and  taking 
judgment  against  the  other. ^'^ 

§  1280.  Several  torts  by  different  defendants  in  the  same  suit. 

*  But,  on  the  other  hand,  if  the  charge  is  several,  the  rule  is 
the  reverse.  So,  in  an  action  against  divers  persons  found 
guilty  of  several  takings  or  offences,  damages  ought  to  be  as- 
sessed against  them  severally;  as  in  trespass  for  battery  and 
goods,  if  oiie  be  found  guilty  for  the  battery,  and  the  other  for 
the  goods  taken. 

So,  if  against  three  defendants,  one  demurs,  another  makes 
default,  and  a  third  joins  issue;  on  the  trial  several  damages 
shall  be  assessed  against  those  who  demur  and  naake  de- 
fault, i^*  ** 

§  1281.  Award  of  arbitrators. 

*  It  has  been  held  in  England,  that  where  a  verdict  is  taken 
at  Nisi  Prius,  subject  to  the  award  of  an  arbitrator,  to  whom 
all  matters  in  difference  are  referred,  he  cannot  award  a  greater 
sum  than  that  for  which  the  verdict  was  taken.  But  this  does 
not  apply  to  the  action  of  debt.^*^  ** 

^^^  Alabama:  Hair  v.  Little,  28  Ala.  Mississippi:  Hardy  v.  Thomas,  23 

236.  Miss.  544,  57  Am.  Dec.  152. 

4-rkansas:  Clark  v.  Bales,   15  Ark.  New  York:  Holley  v.  Mix,  3  Wend. 

452.  350,  20  Am.  Dec.  702. 

Mississippi:   Bell   v.    Morrison,    27  Canada:  Clissold  v.  Machell,  26  Up. 

Miss.  68.  Can.  Q.  B.  422. 

New  York:  O'Shea  v.  Kirker,  4  Bogw.  ^'  Com.  Dig.  Damages,  E.  5;  Chap- 

120.  man  v.  House,  2  Str.  1140.     In  New 

But  in  Clissold  v.  Machell,  26  Up.  York,  in  an  action  against  several,  if 

Can.  Q.  B.  422,  it  was  held  that  if  judg-  one  pleads  to  issue  and  another  suffers 

ment  were  entered  against  two  defend-  judgment  by  default,  damages  must  be 

ants  upon  a  verdict  of  this  nature,  it  assessed  against  both  at  the  same  time, 

must  be  for  the  smaller  amount.  by  the  jury  who  try  the  issue.     Van 

183  District  of  Columbia:  Conner  v.  Schaick  v.  Trotter,  6  Cow.  599. 

Cockerill,  4  D.  C.  (4  Cr.  C.  C.)  3.  i«=  Bonner  v.  Charlton,  5  East,  139; 

Minnesota:  Warren  v.  Westrup,  44  Annan  v.  Job,  10  Jurist,  1083. 
Minn.  237,  20  Am.  St.  Rep.  578,  46 
N.  W.  347. 


§§  1282-1284  FORM  OF  verdict  2617 

§  1282.  Costs. 

Costs  are  an  incident  to  the  judgment,  and  cannot  be  al- 
lowed by  the  jury  as  damages.  ^'^  And  although  if  a  jiu-y  ask 
what  amount  of  damages  will  carry  costs,  there  is  no  reason 
why  the  judge  should  not  tell  them,  as  it  is  a  part  of  the  law,^*'' 
yet  their  having  given  a  verdict  in  ignorance  that  it  will  not 
carry  costs,  is  no  reason  why  it  should  be  disturbed  after  it  is 
recorded.  ^^*  And  it  is  said  that  a  verdict,  the  amount  of  which 
is  adjusted  by  a  jury  for  the  purpose  of  giving  or  withholding 
costs,  cannot  be  sustained.'^'  So  where,  in  an  action  of  tres- 
pass, the  jury  rendered  a  verdict  in  favor  of  the  plaintiff  for 
costs,  it  was  held  that  such  a  verdict  and  the  judgment  thereon 
were  nullities;  that  in  legal  effect  this  was  a  finding  in  favor  of 
the  defendant,  and  the  law  carried  the  costs  in  his  favor  against 
the  plaintiff.  1™ 

§  1283.  Obsolete  judgment  of  "  damage  clear." 

*  There  was  formerly,  in  England,  a  charge  on  the  plaintiff's 
judgment  called  damage  clear,  which  was  a  payment  required 
to  be  made  of  twelve  pence  in  the  pound;  but  it  seems  to  have 
been  long  since  aboUshed;  for,  in  an  early  case,  it  appears  that 
the  court  thought  it  "hard  that  the  plaintiffe  should  be  estopt 
of  his  judgement  till  he  had  paid  his  damages  cleere,"  and  they 
resolved  to  amend  it."^  ** 

§  1284.  Form  of  verdict. 

In  an  action  to  recover  money,  the  jiu-y  should  find  for  the 
plaintiff  the  amount  of  his  debt  as  proved,  and  the  damages 
separately;  and  the  judgment  should  follow  the  verdict.  Yet 
where  the  verdict  and  judgment  give,  in  an  aggregate  sum  as 
damages,  the  amount  of  the  debt  and  legal  interest  thereon 
from  the  time  when  due  until  the  time  of  the  verdict,  if  the 
total  amount  found  by  the  verdict  for  damages  does  not  ex- 
ceed the  principal  and  interest  due  or  the  sum  laid  as  damages 
in  the  declaration,  such  verdict  will  not  be  held  invalid,  but 

i"  Shay  V.  Tuolumne  Water  Co.,  6  ^'^  Russell  v.  Weneweser,  2  Ir.  R.  C. 

Cal.  286.  L.  427,  431. 

1"  Steketee  v.  Kimm,  48  Mich.  322.  "»  Mangham  v.  Reed,  11  Ga.  137. 

158  Kilmore  v.  Abdoolah,  27  L.  J.  Ex.  "'  Thorp's  Case,  March,  75. 
307. 


2618  PLEADING   AND    PRACTICE  §  1285 

will  authorize  and  support  a  judgment  for  the  sum  in  damages 
so  found.  1"  In  South  Carolina,  where  in  debt  on  a  bond,  the 
jury,  in  finding  for  the  plaintiff  on  the  general  issue,  assess  the 
damages  (as,  under  the  practice  there,  is  proper),  and  allow 
the  plaintiff  only  the  principal  sum  due,  but  not  the  interest, 
to  which  he  is  entitled,  his  only  remedy  is  by  appeal.  Judg- 
ment for  the  interest,  non  obstante  veredicto,  will  not  be  allowed, 
nor  can  he  collect  it  by  marking  it  for  collection  on  the^.  fa."^ 

§  1286.  Damages  as  affecting  jurisdiction. 

*  An  important  question  as  to  damages  with  reference  to 
pleading  is  presented  in  the  United  States,  in  regard  to  the 
jurisdiction  of  those  courts  which  are  prohibited  from  taking 
cognizance  of  any  cases,  unless  a  certain  pecuniary  amount  is 
in  controversy;  as  in  regard  to  the  Circuit  Courts,  which  do  not 
usually  exercise  their  jurisdiction  over  cases  involving  less  than 
five  hundred  dollars;  and  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  the  appellate  jurisdiction  of  which,  in  like  manner, 
commences  at  the  sum  of  five  (formerly  two)  thousand  dollars. 
And  it  has  been  frequently  decided  "that  the  damages  claimed 
in  the  writ  and  declaration  are  the  sum  in  controversy."  Even 
if  the  plaintiff  recover  less  than  five  hundred  dollars,  it  cannot 
affect  the  jurisdiction  of  the  court  if  a  greater  sum  be  claimed 
in  his  writ."*  But  on  application  to  remove  a  suit  from  the 
State  court,  it  has  been  intimated  that  the  amount  in  the  dec- 
laration is  not  conclusive,  and  that  the  plaintiff's  affidavit  may 
be  received  to  controvert  it."^ 

On  a  writ  of  error,  though  the  verdict  in  the  Circuit  Court 
was  for  less  than  two  thousand  dollars,  but  more  than  that 
sum  was  claimed  in  the  declaration,  if  the  plaintiff  brought 
error,  the  Supreme  Court  had  jurisdiction  (before  the  limit  was 
changed) ;  for  the  judgment  might  be  reversed,  and  the  whole 
amount  claimed  recovered.""  But  this  is  not  so  if  the  writ  of 
error  is  brought  by  the  defendant."'  In  such  case  the  amount 
in  controversy  is  to  be  decided  by  the  sum  in  controversy  at 

"2  Young  V.  Chandler,  13  B.  Mon.  "«  People  v.  Judges  of  N.  Y.  C.  P.,  2 

252.  Denio,  197. 

"3  Gourdin  v.  Read,  10  Rich.  L.  217.  ™  Gordon  v.  Ogden,   3  Pet.  33,   7 

"*  Gordon  v.  Longest,   16  Pet.  97,  L.  ed, 

104,  10  L.  ed.  900.  "'  Smith  v.  Honey,  3  Pet.  469,  7  L. 


§  1286  HiGitT  TO  fiEom  2619 

the  time  of  the  judgment,  and  not  by  any  subsequent  additions 
thereto,  such  as  interest.  The  court  cannot  look  beyond  the 
time  of  the  judgment,  in  order  to  ascertain  whether  a  writ  of 
error  lies  or  not."* 

And  where  the  demand  is  not  for  money,  and  the  nature  of 
the  action  does  not  require  the  value  of  the  thing  demanded 
to  be  stated  in  the  declaration,  the  recognized  practice  of  the 
courts  of  the  United  States  has  been  to  allow  the  value  to  be 
given  in  evidence."'  ** 

In  the  State  courts,  in  actions  of  tort,  the  damages  claimed 
usually  determine  the  jurisdiction  as  to  amount.^*"  But  under 
the  Indiana  Code,  the  damages  laid  in  the  conclusion  of  the 
complaint  do  not  enlarge  the  claim  of  the  plaintiff  so  as  to  de- 
feat the  jurisdiction  of  a  court  limited  in  jurisdiction  to  a 
specified  amount,  if  it  appear  by  the  statement  of  the  plain- 
tiff's cause  of  action  that  he  cannot  be  entitled  to  recover  as 
much  as  the  limit  within  which  the  jurisdiction  is  confined.  ^^^ 
In  an  action  of  contract  it  was  held  in  Maryland  that  the 
amount  recovered,  not  that  laid  in  the  declaration,  determines 
the  jurisdiction,  and  if  in  a  court  which  has  no  jurisdiction  of 
claims  under  a  certain  amount  a  verdict  is  returned  for  less 
than  that  amount,  the  court  has  no  jurisdiction  to  proceed 
further  with  the  case.^^^ 

§  1286.  Right  to  begin. 

*  If  the  rules  of  pleading  are  correctly  followed,  the  only  re- 
maining questions  in  regard  to  damages  are  those  which  come 
properly  under  the  head  of  practice.  The  most  important  of 
these  is  that  which  presents  itself  at  the  trial  of  the  cause  in 
regard  to  the  right  to  begin,  as  it  is  called;  or,  in  other  words, 

ed.  744.    See,  also,  Wilson  v.  Daniel,  3  "« Enapp  v.  Banks,  2  How.  73,  11 

Dall.  401;  United  States  v.  M'Dowell,  4  L.  ed.  184.    See,  also,  Wilson  v.  Sand- 

Cranch,  316;  Course  v.  Stead,  4  Dall.  ford,  10  How.  99,  13  L.  ed.  344. 

22;  Brown  D.  Barry,  3  Dall.  365;  United  ™  Ex  parte  Bradstreet,  7  Pet.  634, 

States  V.  The  Union,  4  Cranch,  216,  2  8  L.   ed.   810;   United  States  v.  The 

L.  ed.   600;  Peyton  v.  Robertson,   9  Union,  4  Cranch,  216,  2  L.  ed.  600; 

Wheat.  527,  6  L.  ed.  151;  Ritchie  v.  Course  f.  Stead,  4  Dall.  22. 

Mauro,  2  Pet.  243,  7  L.  ed.  411;  Scott  i™  Aulick  v.  Adams,  12  B.  Mon.  104. 

V.  Lunt,  6  Pet.  349,  8  L.  ed.  423;  '"  Collins  v.  Shaw,  8  Ind.  516. 

United  States  v.  Macdaniel,  7  ,Pet.  1,  i'"  Rohr  v.  Anderson,  51  Md.  205, 

8  L.  ed.  587.  218. 


2620  PLEADING  AND  PRACTICE  §  1286 

in  what  cases  does  the  necessity  of  proving  damages  give  the 
plaintiff  a  right  to  open  and  close  the  cause,  where  the  affirma- 
tive of  the  issue  is  with  the  defendant.  The  importance  of  this 
subject  has  been  clearly  stated  by  a  judge  of  great  experience: 
"It  unhappily  still  remains  of  great  importance  to  the  admin- 
istration of  justice  by  a  jury,  that  the  right  to  begin  should  be 
correctly  adjudicated  on;  for  all  who  are  conversant  with  those 
trials  at  Nisi  Prius,  in  which  the  address  of  counsel  may  materi- 
ally affect  the  result,  well  know  that  the  issue  often  ultimately 
depends  on  the  decision  of  the  question,  which  party  has  a 
right  to  begin."  ^*' 

In  England,  it  has  at  length  been  settled  by  a  rule  of  all  the 
judges,  that  the  plaintiff  shall  begin  in  all  actions  for  personal 
injuries,  Ubel,  and  slander  though  the  general  issue  may  not  be 
pleaded,  and  the  affirmative  be  on  the  defendant  in  actions  of 
contract;  ^**  however,  the  subject  is  stiU  involved  in  uncer- 
tainty. An  effort  has  been  made  to  make  the  right  depend  on 
whether  the  plaintiff  goes  for  substantial  rehef  or  for  nominal 
damages;  but  the  point  does  not  appear  to  have  been  yet  au- 
thoritatively settled.  ^^^ 

"In  this  country,"  says  Mr.  Greenleaf,  in  his  very  valuable 
work  on  Evidence,  "it  is  generally  deemed  a  matter  of  discre- 
tion, to  be  ordered  by  the  judge  at  the  trial,  as  he  may  think 
most  conducive  to  the  administration  of  justice;  but  the  weight 
of  authority,  as  well  as  the  analogies  of  the  law,  seem  to  be  in 
favor  of  giving  the  opening  and  closing  of  the  cause  to  the  plain- 
tiff, wherever  the  damages  are  in  dispute,  unliquidated,  and  to 
be  settled  by  the  jury  upon  such  evidence  as  may  be  adduced, 
and  not  by  computation  alone."  ^*^  This  language  seems  to 
ascribe  a  greater  discretion  to  the  judge  trsdng  the  cause,  and 
to  open  the  door  to  greater  laxity  than  is  in  fact  allowed.    In 

■"  Pollock,  C.  B.,  in  Ashby  v.  Bates,  >85  Chapman  v.  Rawson,  8  Q.  B.  673; 

15  M.  &  W.  589,  594,  where  a  new  trial  Cannam  v.  Farmer,  2  Car.  &  Kir.  747. 

was  ordered  because  of  an  erroneous  In  the  Exchequer,  the  crown  has  the 

ruling  at  Nisi  Prius  as  to  the  right  to  right  to  a  general  reply  in  all  cases 

begin.    See,  also,  Booth  v.  Millns,  15  where  the  crown  has  an  interest.    Mar- 

M.  &  W.  669.  quis  of  Chandos  v.  Commrs.  of  Inland 

'"  Greenleaf  on  Evidence,  §  76,  3d  Revenue,  20  L.  J.  Exch.  269. 
ed.  149;  Mercer  v.  Whall,  9  Jur.  576,  ^^  1  Greenleaf  on  Evidence,  14th  ed., 

5  Q,  B.  447.  §  76,  p.  107,  where  cases  will  be  found. 


§  1286a  DAMAGES   ON   APPEAL  2621 

Massachusetts,  it  has  been  said,  citing  with  approbation  the 
language  of  Lord  Denman,  in  Mercer  v.  Whall:  '"  "Wherever, 
from  the  state  of  the  record  at  Nisi  Prius,  there  is  anything  to 
be  proved  by  the  plaintiff,  whether  as  to  the  facts  necessary  for 
his  obtaining  a  verdict,  or  as  to  the  amount  of  damages,  the 
plaintiff  is  entitled  to  begin.  But  where  the  onus  probandi  lies 
in  the  first  instance  on  the  defendant,  he  is  entitled  to  begin."  ^^^ 
So,  in  the  same  State,  when  in  trespass  the  defendant  pleads 
soil  and  freehold  in  himself,  without  any  other  plea,  and  issue 
is  joined  thereon,  the  right  of  opening  and  closing  the  argument 
before  the  jury  belongs  to  the  defendant.  ^'^  So,  in  the  same 
State,  on  the  hearing  before  a  jury  to  reassess  damages  for 
taking  land  for  a  railroad,  the  party  claiming  damages  has  the 
right  to  open  and  close,  and  a  contrary  ruUng  at  the  trial  was 
held  erroneous.""  ** 

§  1286a.  Damages  on  appeal. 

In  case  of  a  frivolous  or  unnecessary  appeal,  damages  are 
often  allowed  by  statute  or  local  practice.  Thus  it  is  a  common 
practice  for  the  Appellate  Court  to  increase  the  judgment  by 
6%  or  10%  for  a  frivolous  appeal,  taken  obviously  for  delay 
merely."^ 

'"  5  Q.  B.  447.  Missouri:  Tobin  v.   Missouri  Pac. 

188  Conn.  River  R.  R.  v.  Clapp,   1  R.  R.,  18  S.  W.  996  (no  damages  where 

Cush.  559,  563.  the  appeal  was  in  good  faith). 

180  Davis  V.  Mason,  4  Pick.  156.  New  York:  Jackson  v.  Rochester,  124 

1"  Conn.  River  R.  R.  v.  Clapp,  1  N.  Y.  624,  26  N.  E.  326. 

Cush.  559.  Pennsylvania:  O'Donnell  v.   Broad, 

^^'^  United  States  (by  rule  of  court):  149  Pa.  24,  27  Atl.  305;  Martin  v. 

Barrow  v.  Hill,  13  How.  54, 14  L.  ed.  48;  Rider,  181  Pa.  265,  37  Atl.  403. 

Kilboume  v.  State  Inst.,  22  How.  503,  Texas:    Montgomery    v.    Buckskin 

16  L.  ed.  370;  Prentice  v.  Pickersgill,  6  Breeches  Co.   (Tex.   Civ.  App.),    116 

Wall.  511,  18  L.  ed.  790;  Amory  v.  S.  W.  139. 

Amory,  91  U.  S.  356,  23  L.  ed.  436.    No  Wisconsin:    Ramsay    v.    Davis,    20 

damages   will   be   allowed   unless   the  Wis.  31;  Ossouski ;;.  Wiesner,  101  Wis. 

appeal  was  for  delay.    Cotton  v.  Wal-  238,  77  N.  W.  184.    No  damages  will 

lace,  3  Dall.  302.     The  allowance  is  be  allowed  unless  the  appeal  was  clearly 

entirely  in  the  discretion  of  the  court,  frivolous  and  in  bad  faith.    Morse  v. 

Boyce  v.  Grundy,  9  Pet.  275,  9  L.  ed.  Buffalo  Ins.  Co.,  30  Wis.  534,  11  Am. 

127.  Rep.  587;  Northwestern  L.  I.  Co.  v. 

California:  Bell  v.  Camm,  10  Cal.  Irish,  38  Wis.  361. 

App.  388,  102  Pac.  225.  In  Washington  the  cause  for  award 

Illinois:  Minnesota  M.  L.  I.  Co.  v.  of  damages  must  be  apparent  on  the 

Link,  230  111.  273,  82  N.  E.  637.  record.    Seattle  &  M.  R.  R.  u.  Joergen- 


2622 


PLEADING   AND    PRACTICE 


§  1:286b 


§  1286b.  Damages  on  dissolution  of  injunction. 

It  has  already  been  seen  "^  that  an  injunction  bond  is  usually 
required  before  an  interlocutory  injunction  will  be  granted. 
Where  a  bond  has  not  been  required,  damages  may  be  assessed 
on  the  dissolution  of  a  temporary  injunction;  these  will  be 
assessed  on  the  same  principles  that  regulate  the  damages  on 
an  injunction  bond."' 


son,  3  Wash.  622,  29  Pac.  88;  Walter  v. 
Maresch,  3  Wash.  624,  29  Pao.  205; 
Wheeler  v.  Commercial  Investment 
Co.,  22  Wash.  546, 61  Pac.  715;  HalUdie 
Mach.  Co.  V.  Hayden-Coeur  d'Alene 
Irr.  Co.,  56  Wash.  11,  105  Pac.  140. 

In  Kentucky  damages  are  allowed 
only  in  the  case  of  money  judgments 
which  may  be  enforced  by  execution 
or  similar  process.  Worsham  v.  Lan- 
caster, 104  Ky.  813,  48  S.  W.  410; 
Hatfield  v.  HoUoway,  106  S.  W.  1192. 

192  Ante,  §§  685  et  seq. 

"'  Illinois:  Dempster  v.  Lansingh, 
234  111.  381,  84  N.  E.  1032  (aUowance 
of  counsel  fees) ;  Howard  v.  Burke,  248 
111.  224,  93  N.  E.  775  (counsel  fees). 

Mississippi:  Curphy  v.  Terrell,  89 
Miss.  624,  42  So.  235  (counsel  fees). 


Tennessee:  Collins  v.  Crownover,  57 
S.  W.  357. 

Texas:  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Ware,  74  Tex.  47,  11  S.  W.  918  (ex- 
penses of  dissolution);  Galveston  C. 
R.  R.  V.  Miller  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  38 
S.  W.  1132  (loss  of  time  and  profits); 
Hermann  v.  Allen  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
118  S.  W.  794  (delay  in  removal  of 
building). 

England:  Mansell  v.  British  L.  C. 
Bank,  [1892]  3  Ch.  159  (diminution  in 
value  of  shares). 

In  Louisiana,  by  statute,  damages 
cannot  exceed  20%,  which  includes 
attorney's  fees.  Schwann  v.  Sanders, 
121  La.  461,  46  So.  573;  Rivet  v.  George 
M.  Murrell  P.  &  M.  Co.,  121  La.  201, 
46  So.  210. 


CHAPTER  LVI 


EVIDENCE 

1287. 

Mode  of  proof. 

§  1298. 

Evidence  of  sales. 

1288. 

Exceptions    to    common-law 

1299. 

Offers  —  Price-lists  —  Quota- 

rule excluding  testimony  of 

tions — Appraisals. 

party. 

1300. 

Presumption  against  defend- 

1289. 

Abrogation    of    common-law 

ant. 

rule. 

1301. 

Estoppel. 

1290. 

Witness  to  testify  to  facts,  not 

1302. 

Value  of  construction. 

opinions. 

1303. 

Of  services. 

1291. 

Experts. 

1304. 

Other  value. 

1292. 

Confined  to  matters  of  art  and 

1305. 

Evidence  of  malice  or  inten- 

skill. 

tion — Appraisals . 

1293. 

Opinions  as  to  quantum  of 

1306. 

Of  the  duration  of  life. 

damages. 

1307. 

Of  pain. 

1294. 

Value — Opinions  of  value. 

1308. 

Of  a  former  verdict. 

1295. 

Value  of  lands  and  leases. 

1309. 

Physical  examination. 

1296. 

Of     chattels  —  Opinions     of 

1310. 

Approximate  evidence. 

value. 

1310a, 

,  Damage  imported  from  the 

1297. 

Market  value. 

circumstances. 

§  1287.  Mode  of  proof. 

*  We  have  now  to  consider  the  mode  of  proof  by  which 
claims  to  damage  are  substantiated.  The  rules  which  govern 
evidence  as  applied  to  fix  the  measure  of  relief,  are  neither 
numerous  nor  complex,  but  they  deserve  careful  attention. 

We  have  seen  that  in  the  early  stages  of  the  civil  law,  the 
plaintiff  was  allowed  to  fix  the  amount  of  the  compensation  to 
which  he  conceived  himself  entitled,  subject  only  to  the  re- 
straining hand  of  the  judex.  In  the  common  law,  independ- 
ently of  statutory  innovation,  the  rule  was  carried  to  the  other 
extreme;  for,  as  a  general  principle,  neither  party  to  the  record 
was  allowed  to  give  testimony  in  any  branch  of  the  case.  But 
to  this  rule  certain  exceptions  were  introduced. 


§  1288.  Exceptions  to  common-law  rule  excluding  testimony 
of  party. 

The  oath  of  the  party  was  admitted  by  the  common  law,  in 
respect  of  a  lost  deed  or  other  paper,  preparatory'to  the  intro- 

2623 


2624  EVIDENCE  §  1288 

duction  of  secondary  evidence  to  prove  its  contents.  So,  too, 
in  complaints  under  bastardy  acts,  the  oath  of  the  female  was 
admitted  to  charge  the  defendant  with  the  paternity  of  the 
offspring.  So,  again,  the  rule  was  relaxed  in  order  to  prove  the 
amount  of  compensation  to  which  a  party  was  entitled;  thus, 
the  oath  of  the  plaintiff  was  admitted  in  many  States  of  the 
Union  to  prove  the  truth  of  entries  in  his  books  of  goods  de- 
livered in  small  amounts  or  of  daily  labor  performed,  when  the 
party,  from  his  situation,  has  no  evidence  but  the  accounts 
kept  by  himself,  and  where,  as  a  general  thing,  from  the  nature 
of  the  trafl&c  or  service,  he  could  not  have.  So,  too,  where 
robberies  or  larcenies  had  been  committed,  and  no  evidence 
existed  but  that  of  the  party  robbed  or  plundered,  he  has  been 
admitted  as  a  witness  to  prove  his  loss;  for  it  was  said  that  in 
these  cases  the  party  injured  should  have  an  extraordinary- 
remedy  in  odium  spoliatoris.  On  this  ground,  in  an  action 
against  the  hundred  under  the  English  statute  of  Winton,  the 
person  robbed  was  admitted  as  a  witness  to  prove  his  loss  and 
the  amount  of  it.^  So,  in  Pennsylvania,  in  an  action  against 
the  county  for  the  destruction  of  property  by  a  mob,  the  plain- 
tiff was  allowed  to  prove  ownership  and  the  value  of  wearing 
apparel  destroyed,^  but  not  the  destruction  of  household  furni- 
ture, because  there  the  argmnent  ex  necessitate  did  not  apply.' 
So,  also,  in  equity,  where  a  man  ran  away  with  a  casket  of 
jewels,  the  party  injured  was  admitted  as  a  witness.*  So,  too, 
when  the  defendant,  a  shipmaster,  broke  open  and  plundered 
the  plaintiff's  trunk,  the  latter  was  allowed  to  testify  to  the 
contents  of  the  trunk.  ^ 

An  effort  was  made  in  Pennsylvania  to  extend  the  principle 
of  these  exceptions  to  all  cases  of  passengers  by  public  con- 
veyances, where  there  was  no  criminal  nor  even  tortious  act 
committed  by  the  defendant  beyond  mere  negUgence;  and  it 
was  said  that  in  such  cases  the  plaintiff  might  testify  from 
necessity.^     But  in  Massachusetts  this  was  denied;  the  old 

1  Bui.  N.  P.  187;  Porter  v.  Hundred  M'Gill  v.  Rowand,  3  Pa.  451,  45  Am. 
of  Regland,  Peake's  Add.  Cases,  203;     Dec.  654. 

Snow  V.  Eastern  R.  R.,  12  Met.  44.  '  Ibid. 

2  County  !).  Leidy,  10  Pa.  45.  See,  'East  India  Co.  K.Evans,  1  Vera.  305. 
also,  Clark  v.  Spense,  10  Watts,  335;          ^Herman  v.  Drinkwater,  1  Me.  27. 

« Whitesell  v.  Crane,  8  W.  &  S.  369. 


§  1289  ABROGATION   OF   COMMON-LAW  RULE  2625 

principle  was  adhered  to,  and  in  a  case  of  mere  negligence  it 
was  decided  that  the  plaintiff  was  not  competent,  even  though 
he  had  no  other  testimony  as  to  the  amount  of  his  loss.' 

In  New  York,  the  admission  of  the  plaintiff  as  a  witness  in 
these  cases  was  sanctioned  by  statute;^  the  general  railroad  act 
of  that  State  providing  where  baggage  was  properly  checked, 
that  if  not  dehvered  on  the  production  of  the  check,  "the  plain- 
tiff may  himself  be  a  witness,  in  any  suit  brought  by  him,  to 
prove  the  contents  and  value  of  said  baggage."  '  ** 

§  1289.  Abrogation  of  common-law  rule. 

Before  the  abrogation  of  the  common-law  rule,  the  plaintiff 
himself,  in  actions  against  a  common  carrier  or  innkeeper,  to 
recover  for  a  trunk,  etc.,  lost,  was  frequently  allowed,  as  we 
have  seen,  to  prove  its  contents.^"  But  in  Garvey  v.  Camden 
&  Amboy  Railroad  "  it  was  held  that  the  rule  of  evidence  which 
allowed  the  plaintiff,  in  an  action  against  a  common  carrier,  to 
recover  for  a  lost  trunk,  etc.,  to  prove  the  value  of  the  contents 
by  his  own  oath,  was  confined  to  cases  in  which  fraud  or  wrong 
is  proved  upon  the  defendant,  and  had  no  application  to  cases 
of  loss  through  negligence  merely.  And  the  jury  were  not 
bound  by  the  evidence  of  one  of  the  parties  to  the  suit  in  es- 
timating the  damages,  though  there  was  no  other  evidence 
before  them  to  fix  the  amount.  ^^  It  is  one  of  the  natural  con- 
comitants of  illness  and  of  physical  injuries  for  the  sick  or  in- 
jured persons  to  complain  of  pain  and  distress.  And  evidence 
of  such  complaints,  in  connection  with  other  proofs  of  injury 
received,  was  held  admissible  from  the  necessity  of  the  case,  in 
an  action  for  the  injury  sustained,  to  show  its  extent,  etc.  Such 
evidence  did  not  fall  within  the  rule  which  excluded  declara- 
tions of  a  party  in  his  own  favor.  ^^ 

'  Snow  V.  Eastern  R.  R.,  12  Met.  44.  Ohio:  Mad  River  &  Lake  Erie  Rail- 

»  Laws  of  1850,  c.  140,  §  37.  road  v.  Fulton,  20  Ohio,  318. 

'  As  to  how  far  this  provision  was  ap-  "  4  Abb.  Pr.  171. 

plicable  to  all  the  railroads  existing  in  >^  Bee  Printing  Co.  v.  Hichbom,  4 

the  State,  see  Marsh  v.  New  York  &  All.  63. 

Erie  R.  R.,  14  Barb.  364;  Milliman  v.  "  Caldwell  v.  Murphy,  11  N.  Y.  416; 

Oswego  &  Syracuse  R.  R.,  10  Barb.  87.  and  see  s.  c.  below,  1  Duer,  233;  see 

'"  Indiana:  Doyle  v.  Kiser,  6  Ind.  242.  to  same  effect  Massachusetts:  Bacon  v. 

New  York:  Taylor  v.  Monnot,  1  Abb.  Charlton,  7  Cush.  581. 

Pr.  325;  s.  c,  4  Duer,  116.  Wisconsin:  McKeigue  v.  Janesville, 

165 


2626  EVIDENCE  §  1290 

The  original  rule  of  the  common  law  has  been  now,  however, 
so  far  changed,  both  in  England  and  in  this  country,  by  statute, 
that  the  decisions  cited  in  the  preceding  paragraphs  have  little 
importance.  In  England,  New  York,  Connecticut,  and  prob- 
ably all  other  States  of  the  Union,  the  rule  of  the  common  law 
has  been  abrogated,  and,  with  more  or  fewer  exceptions,  parties 
are  permitted  to  testify  in  chief  and  to  all  facts  pertinent  to 
the  case. 

§  1290.  Witness  to  testify  to  facts,  not  opinions. 

*  Another  general  rule,  which  pervades  all  our  law,  is  that  the 
witness  is  to  testify  only  to  facts.  He  is  to  speak  as  to  the 
facts  which  he  has  heard  or  seen.  His  opinion  is  not  to  be 
given;  ^*  for  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  jury  on  the  testimony 
which  forms  the  verdict  and  decides  the  case.  But  to  this  rule, 
again,  there  are  many  important  exceptions.  So,  pedigree  is 
often  proved  by  the  hearsay  of  the  family.  So,  handwriting  is 
proved  by  the  opinions  of  those  famiUar  with  the  signature  of 
the  party.  So,  too,  the  witness  has  been  allowed  to  state  his 
opinion  in  cases  of  criminal  conversation,  to  show  the  state  of 
the  affections  of  the  parties.  ^^  And,  on  similar  grounds,  in 
cases  of  breach  of  promise  of  marriage.  In  an  action  of  the 
latter  description,  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  said:  "We 
do  not  see  how  the  various  facts  upon  which  an  opinion  of  the 
plaintiff's  attachment  must  be  grounded,  are  capable  of  speci- 
fication, so  as  to  leave  it,  like  ordinary  facts,  as  a  matter  of  in- 
ference, to  the  jury.  It  is  true,  as  a  general  rule,  that  witnesses 
are  not  allowed  to  give  their  opinions  to  a  jury;  but  there  are 
exceptions,  and  we  think  this  one  of  them.  There  are  a  thou- 
sand nameless  things,  indicating  the  existence  and  degree  of  the 
tender  passion,  which  language  cannot  specify.  The  opinions 
of  witnesses  on  this  subject  must  be  derived  from  a  series  of 
instances,  passing  under  their  observation,  which  yet  they 
never  could  detail  to  a  jury."  i«  So,  too,  evidence  of  this  kind 
has  been  admitted  in  cases  of  insanity;  but  it  has  been  pro- 

68  Wis.  60;  King  v.  Oshkosh,  76  Wis.         Wisconsin:  Blair  v.  Milwaukee  &  P 
617,  44  N.  W.  746.  du  C.  R.  R.,  20  Wis.  262. 

^*  Colorado:  Montelius  v.  Atherton,         "Trelawney  v.  Colman,  2  Starkie 
6  Colo.  225.  191. 

"  M'Kee  V.  Nelson,  4  Cow.  355. 


§  1291  EXPERTS  2627 

nounced  by  a  very  able  judge,  "the  most  unsatisfactory,  and 
the  least  to  be  depended  on."  "  **  So  it  has  been  held  proper 
to  ask  a  contractor  what  the  amount  of  his  loss  is  and  what  the 
profit  on  the  work  would  have  been.^^ 

§  1291.  Experts. 

*  To  the  general  rule  that  the  witness'  opinion  cannot  be 
received  as  to  the  amoimt  or  character  of  injury  sustained, 
there  are,  however,  some  considerable  exceptions.  Of  these, 
perhaps  the  most  comprehensive  and  important  is  that  which 
admits  persons  of  science,  or  experts  in  any  profession,  to 
testify  as  to  their  opinion  on  a  given  state  of  facts  relating  to 
matters  in  regard  to  which  their  education  gives  them  peculiar 
capacity  for  forming  a  correct  judgment.^' 

So,  in  Massachusetts,  on  the  trial  of  an  action  to  recover 
damages  for  injury  done  to  the  plaintiff's  garden  and  nursery 
by  smoke,  heat,  and  gas  proceeding  from  the  defendant's  brick 
kiln,  two  gardeners  who  had  much  experience  in  raising  and 
cultivating  fruit  trees,  shrubs,  and  plants,  and  who  had  testi- 
fied to  the  particulars  of  the  plaintiff's  injury,  were  allowed  to 
give  their  opinion  as  to  the  amount  of  damage.  And  the  court 
say:  "It  seems  to  us  that  it  would  be  impracticable  to  dispense 
with  this  species  of  testimony,  in  many  actions  of  trover  for 
personal  property,  where  no  detail  of  facts  could  adequately 
inform  the  jury  of  the  value  of  the  articles.  The  opinion  of  a 
witness,  as  to  the  value  of  a  horse,  is  much  more  satisfactory 
evidence  than  a  detailed  statement  of  his  size,  color,  age,  etc., 
to  give  the  jury  the  requisite  information,  to  enable  them  to 
assess  damages  for  the  conversion  of  such  a  horse."  ^  So,  in 
an  action  on  a  building  contract,  a  mason  may  be  asked  how 
long,  in  his  opinion,  it  would  take  to  dry  the  walls  of  a  house  so 

"  Clark  V.  Plsher,  1  Paige,  171.  Wisconsin:  Milwaukee  &  Mississippi 

i^Elizabethtown  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Pot-  R.  R.  v.  Eble,  4  Chand.  72. 

tinger,  10  Bush,  185.  But  in  Dunlap  v.  Snyder,  17  Barb. 

"  Folkes  V.  Chadd,  3  Doug.  157.  561,  it  was  held  that  in  an  action  for 

"  Massackusetts:  Vandine  v.  Burpee,  damages  for  IdUing  a  dog,  the  opinions 

13  Met.  288.  of   witnesses  as  to  the  value  of  the 

New  York:  Nickley  v.  Thomas,  22  animal  were  not  admissible.     See,  as 

Barb.   652;  Smith  v.  Hill,  22   Barb,  to  proper  evidence  of  the  value  of  a 

656.  horse,  Carr  v.  Moore,  41  N.  H.  131. 


2628  EVIDENCE  §  1292 

as  to  render  it  fit  and  safe  for  human  habitation.^^  **  A 
physician  may  testify  as  to  the  probable  effect  of  an  injury  on 
the  future  health  of  the  injured  party." 

But  the  testimony  of  experts  must  not  be  given  at  random 
or  on  insufficient  or  inexact  data.  So,  in  an  action  against  the 
defendants  as  carriers,  for  non-performance  of  a  contract  to 
carry  five  stock  from  several  different  places  to  Detroit,  where 
the  circuit  judge  had  allowed  a  witness  to  be  asked  the  general 
question,  what,  in  his  opinion,  was  the  extra  shrinkage  in  con- 
sequence of  the  delay  at  the  several  places  where  the  cattle 
were  loaded,  and  at  Detroit,  above  what  it  would  have  been  if 
they  had  gone  on  in  the  regular  train,  and  had  been  unloaded 
on  arrival,  it  was  held,  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  Michigan, 
that,  as  the  different  portions  of  the  stock  had  been  on  the  cars 
without  food  or  water  for  various  lengths  of  time,  they  must 
have  been  quite  differently  affected  by  shrinkage,  and  the  in- 
quiry should  have  been  as  to  each  separately.  The  admission 
of  the  general  question  was  erroneous.^' 

§  1292.  Confined  to  matters  of  art  and  skill. 

*  But  this  exception  is  generally  strictly  limited  to  the  case 
of  experts  in  matters  of  art  and  skill,  and  is  not  enlarged  so  as 
to  admit  opinion  in  ordinary  cases,  where  the  jury  may  be 
supposed  competent  to  form  their  judgment  from  the  state- 
ment of  the  facts.  Nor  where  the  opinion  necessarily  degener- 
ates into  mere  conjecture.  So,  in  an  action  for  negligently 
injuring  and  sinking  a  canal-boat,  a  boatman  who  knew  the 
boat  in  question  previous  to  her  being  injured,  and  swore  that 
he  had  raised  sunken  boats  and  repaired  them,  cannot  testify 
as  to  his  opinion  of  what  the  damages  would  be  from  the  de- 
scription of  the  situation  of  the  boat  by  the  witnesses.^* 

In  an  action  on  the  case  against  a  railroad  company  for  in- 
jury to  the  person  of  a  passenger  through  the  negligence  of  the 
company,  evidence  of  loss  sustained  by  the  plaintiff  in  his 
business  in  consequence  of  the  injury  received,  is  proper  to  aid 

"  Smith  V.  Gugerty,  4  Barb.  614.  Donougb,  21  Mich.  165,  4  Am.  Rep. 

"  Jones  V.  Utica  &  B.  R.  R.  R.,  40  466. 

Hvm,  349.  "  Paige  v.  Hazard,  S  Hill,  603. 
2'  Michigan  So.  &  N.  I.  R.  R.  v.  Mc- 


§  1293  OPINIONS  AS  TO   QUANTUM   OF  DAMAGES  2629 

the  jury  in  estimating  the  plaintiff's  damages;  and  for  that 
purpose  the  nature  of  the  plaintiff's  business,  its  extent,  and 
the  importance  of  his  personal  oversight  and  superintendence 
in  conducting  it,  may  be  shown;  but  the  opinions  of  witnesses 
as  to  the  amount  of  loss  are  inadmissible.^*  A  party  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  whose  property  is  destroyed  by  the  order  of  the 
city  officers  to  stop  the  spread  of  a  conflagration,  is  entitled  to 
an  allowance  to  the  full  value  of  the  property  destroyed,  with- 
out any  deduction  for  the  amount  insured,  and  interest  on  it; 
but  the  opinions  of  bystanders,  that  the  buildings  destroyed 
would  have  been  consumed  by  the  fire  if  they  had  not  been 
blown  up,  are  inadmissible.  It  was,  however,  suggested  that 
perhaps  the  opinion  of  firemen  and  others,  having  particular 
knowledge  and  experience  with  reference  to  fires,  might  be 
received.^*  **  Where,  by  the  defendant's  tort,  the  plaintiff's 
horse  was  caused  to  run  away,  it  was  held  not  to  be  proper  to 
show  by  opinions  of  witnesses  the  depreciation  in  value  of  the 
horse  caused  by  his  running  away.^' 

§  1293.  Opinions  as  to  quantum  of  damages. 

*  The  general  rule  which  requires  a  witness  to  speak  to  facts 
within  his  knowledge,  is  applied  to  the  subject  of  compensa- 
tion; the  damage  must  be  proved  like  any  other  fact  in  the 
cause,  and  no  testimony  amounting  to  mere  opinion  is  com- 
petent.^ **    So,  in  Louisiana,  in  a  suit  on  a  sequestration 

^^  Lincoln  i/.  Saratoga  &  S.  R.  R.,  lovxi:    WMtmore    v.    Bowman,    4 
23  Wend.  425.  Greene,  148;  Harriman  v.  New  Nott- 
s' Mayor,  etc.,  of  N.  Y.  v.  Pentz,  24  pareU  Co.,  132  la.  616,  110  N.  W.  33. 
Wend.  668,  35  Am.  Dec.  641.  Kansas:  Sharon  Town  Co.  v.  Morris, 

»  Van  Wagoner  «.  New  York  Cement  39  Kan.  377;  Ottawa,  O.  C.  &  C.  G. 

Co.,  36  Hun,  552.  R.  R.  v.  Adolph,  41  Kan.  600. 

"^Alabama:  Montgomery  &  W.  P.  Louisiana:  Wilcox  v.  Leake,  11  La. 

R.  R.  V.  Vamer,  19  Ala.  185;  Chandler  Ann.  178. 

V.  Bush,  84  Ala.  102.  Michigan:    Howell    v.    Medler,    41 

Arkansas:  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  Mich.  641. 

V.  Freeman,  36  Ark.  41;  Little  Rock,  Nebraska:   Fremont,    E.    &    M.    V. 

M.  R.  &  T.  Ry.  V.  Haynes,  47  Ark.  497.  R.  R.  v.  Marley,  25  Neb.  138,  40  N. 

Georgia:  Gilbert  v.  Cherry,  57  Ga.  W.  948,  13  Am.  St.  Rep.  482;  Omaha 

128;  Central  R.  R.  v.  Senn,  73  Ga.  705.  v.  Kramer,  25  Neb.  489,  41  N.  W.  295, 

Indiana:  Ohio  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Nick-  13  Am.  St.  Rep.  504;  Jameson  v.  Kent, 

less,  71  Ind.  271;  Pittsburgh,  C.  &  St.  42  Neb.  412,  60  N.  W.  879. 

L.  Ry.  V.  Hjxon,  79  Lid.  Ill;  Hagaman  New  York:  Morehouse  v.  Mathews, 

V.  Moore,  84  Ind.  496.  2  N.  Y.  514,  51  Am.  Dec.  319;  Green 


2630  EVIDENCE  §  1293 

bond,  the  opinion  of  witnesses  cannot  form  the  basis  of  a  ver- 
dict. They  should  testify  to  facts,  and  from  those  facts  the 
jury  should  find  the  actual  damages  sustained.^'  *  So,  in 
New  York,  a  witness  cannot  be  allowed  to  give  his  opinion 
as  to  the  amount  of  damages  sustained  by  a  party  in  conse- 
quence of  a  mill  lying  still.'"  So,  the  opinions  of  witnesses  as 
to  the  amoimt  of  damages  caused  by  the  deprivation  or  with- 
drawal of  water  from  a  tavern,  are  inadmissible."  So,  too, 
on  ascertaining  the  injury  caused  by  an  alleged  nuisance,  a 
witness  cannot  give  his  opinion  as  to  the  amount  of  damages.'^ 
So,  in  an  action  for  the  breach  of  a  covenant  contained  in  a 
lease,  that  the  defendant  would  not  let  any  other  mill  site  on 
the  same  stream,  it  was  held  not  proper  to  admit  witnesses  to 
testify  to  their  opinion  as  to  the  amount  of  damage  which  the 
plaintiffs  had  sustained  by  the  erection  of  the  rival  site,  and  a 
new  trial  was  ordered.^' 

The  objection  usually  taken  is  that  it  usurps  the  province 
of  the  jury.  It  is  for  the  jury  to  determine  how  much  the 
property  is  damaged  under  the  instructions  of  the  court;  and 
witnesses  should  always  testify  to  facts.  To  answer  the 
question  how  much  a  piece  of  property  is  "damaged"  by  a 
given  injury,  is  a  question  which  requires  for  an  intelhgent 
answer  a  knowledge  of  the  rule  of  damages  apphcable  in  the 
particular  case.  For  example,  in  eminent  domain  cases  it 
cannot  be  answered  without  taking  into  consideration  the 
question  of  benefits.  The  same  property  will  be  damaged 
in  one  amount  if  benefits  are  excluded,  in  another  if  included. 
Hence  expert  testimony  as  to  "damage,"  if  not  absolutely 
excluded,  should  be  subjected  to  the  most  rigid  scrutiny. 

This  criticism  would  not  apply,  however,  where  the  measure 
of  damages  is  the  mere  depreciation  in  value  of  property.     In 

V.  Plank,  48  N.  Y.  669;  Cook  v.  Brock-  Contra,  California:  Razzo  v.  Vami, 

way,  21  Barb.  331.  81  Cal.  289. 

Ohio:  Cleveland  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Ball,  ="  Bonner  v.  Copley,  15  La.  Ann.  504. 

5  Oh.  St.  568,  67  Am.  Dec.  312.  ™  Doolittle  v.  Eddy,  7  Barb.  75. 

Oregon:  Montgomeiy  v.  Somers,  50  "  Harger  v.  Edmonds,  4  Barb.  256; 

Ore.  259,  90  Pac.  674.  Giles  v.  O'Toole,  4  Barb.  261. 

Washington:  Ferguson  v.  Tobey,   1  '*  Fish  v.  Dodge,  4  Denio,  311. 

Wash.  275.  ^^  Norman  v.  Wells,  17  Wend.  137, 

161;  Fish  v.  Dodge,  4  Denio,  311,  318. 


§  1293  OPINIONS  AS  TO   QUANTTtfM   OF  DAMAGES  2631 

that  case  a  witness  has  without  doubt  the  right  to  state  the 
value  before  and  after  the  injury;  and  as  the  depreciation  is 
a  mere  matter  of  the  subtraction  of  one  of  these  values  from  the 
other,  it  involves  no  question  of  law.  It  is  therefore  held  that 
where  the  amount  of  damages  is  merely  the  depreciation  in 
value  of  property,  a  witness  is  not  prevented  from  giving  his 
opinion  of  the  depreciation  merely  because  the  quantum  of 
damages  happens  to  coincide  with  it.'^  As  a  general  rule,  the 
opinion  of  a  witness  as  to  the  amount  of  damages  which  a 
landholder  will  sustain  by  reason  of  the  construction  and  use 
of  a  railroad,  is  not  evidence.'^  Nor,  in  an  action  in  the  nature 
of  waste,  can  he  be  asked  what  amount  of  permanent  injury 
the  premises  have  sustained  by  neglect.'^ 

*  It  has  been  decided  in  Ohio,  that  a  person  who  is  present 
during  the  trial  of  a  cause,  and  has  heard  witnesses  describe 
the  manner  in  which  a  ford  is  injured  by  the  erection  of  a  dam 
across  a  stream  of  water  below  it,  is  not  competent  to  give  his 
opinion  of  the  damages  sustained  by  the  party  injured." 
So,  intelligent  merchants,  well  acquainted  with  the  plaintiff  and 
his  business,  were  held  not  competent  to  give  an  opinion  as  to 
the  damage  of  the  plaintiff  in  being  deprived  of  the  advantage 
of  his  own  care  and  oversight.'^  ** 

If  an  opinion  as  to  the  amount  of  pecuniary  damage  is  in- 
admissible, a  fortiori  the  opinion  of  a  plaintiff  as  to  the  amount 
of  exemplary  damages  to  which  he  thought  himself  entitled 
cannot  be  shown.  ^^ 

'*  Arkansas:  Fayetteville  &  L.  Ry.  v.  ness    cannot    state   the   difference   in 

Combs,  51  Ark.  324,  11  S.  W.  418.  values  as  an  estimate  of  the  damage. 

Kansas:  Topeka  v.   Martineau,   42  Kansas:  Clark  v.  Ellithorpe,  7  Kan. 

Kan.  387.  App.  337,  51  Pac.  940. 

Kentucky:  Elizabethtown  &  P.  R.  R.  Texas:  International  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v. 

V.  Pottinger,  10  Bush,  185.  Fickey  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  125  S.W.  327. 

Nebraska:  Fremont,  E.  &  M.  V.  R.  '^  Atlantic  &  G.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Camp- 

R.  V.  Marley,  25  Neb.  138,  40  N.  W.  bell,  4  Oh.  St.  683. 

948,  13  Am.  St.  Rep.  482.  »  Robinson  v.  Kinne,  1  T.  &  C.  60. 

New  Hampshire:  Carter  v.  Thurston,  "  Shepherd  v.  Willis,  19  Oh.  142. 

58  N.  H.  104,  42  Am.  Rep.  584.  »  Lincoln  v.  Saratoga  &  S.  R.  R.,  23 

West  Virginia:  Hargreaves  v.  Kim-  Wend.  431;  Norman  w.  Wells,  17  Wend, 

berly,  26  W.  Va.  787,  53  Am.  Rep.  121.  161;  Mayor,  etc.,  of  N.  Y.  v.  Pentz,  24 

Wisconsin:  Neilson  v.  Chicago,  M.  Wend.  668,  35  Am.  Dec.  641. 

&  N.  W.  Ry.,  58  Wis.  516.  ''  Chandler  v.  Bush,  84  Ala.  102,  4 

But  it  is  usually  held  that  the  wit-  So.  207. 


2632  EVIDENCE  §  1294 

§  1294.  Opinions  of  value. 

Value  must  necessarily  be  proved  by  the  opinions  of  wit- 
nesses. To  be  qualified  to  give  an  opinion  of  the  value  of 
property,  one  need  not  necessarily  be  an  expert  in  the  purchase 
and  sale  of  such  property;  it  is  enough  if  he  have  a  general 
knowledge  of  the  value  of  such  property.^"  In  Whitney  v. 
Thacher/i  Wells,  J.,  said:  "It  is  not  necessary,  in  order  to 
quahfy  one  to  give  an  opinion  as  to  values,  that  his  information 
should  be  of  such  a  direct  character  as  would  make  it  competent 
in  itself  as  primary  evidence.  It  is  the  experience  which  he 
acquires  in  the  ordinary  conduct  of  affairs,  and  from  means 
of  information  such  as  are  usually  rehed  on  by  men  engaged 
in  business,  for  the  conduct  of  that  business,  that  qualifies 
him  to  testify."  But  the  opinion  must  be  founded  on  reason- 
able grounds;  where  no  data  exist,  no  opinion  can  be  given. 
So  an  opinion  as  to  the  value  of  a  contemplated  business  which 
was  never  actually  entered  upon  will  not  be  received.*^ 

What  the  owner  would  take  for  land  cannot  be  shown  in 
order  to  prove  its  value;  nor  should  the  jury  be  allowed  to 
take  as  the  value  of  land  the  amount  they  would  sell  it  for  if 
owners.*^ 

In  connection  with  value,  an  expert  may  state  the  amount 
of  hay  a  meadow  would  probably  yield,**  and  the  amount  of 
wood  which  has  been  cut  off  certain  land.*^  An  expert  may 
give  his  reason  for  his  opinion.*^  The  opinion  of  an  expert 
need  not  be  accepted,  even  if  there  is  no  opposing  evi- 
dence.*^ 

*»  Minnesota:  Burger  v.  Northern  P.  *'  Wakeman  v.  Wheeler  &  W.   M. 

R.  R:,  22  Minn.  343.  Co.,  101  N.  Y.  205,  4  N.  E.  264,  54  Am. 

Missouri:  Springfield  &  S.   Ry.   e.  Rep.  676;  Reed  v.  McConnell,  101  N. 

Calkins,  90  Mo.  538,  3  S.  W.  82.  Y.  270,  4  N.  E.  718. 

New  York:  Joy  v.  Hopkins,  5  Den.  *'  Kieman  v.  Chicago,  S.  F.  &  C.  Ry., 

84.  123  III.  188,  14  N.  E.  18. 

In  Idaho  Western  Ry.  v.  Columbia  **  Myers  v.  Charlotte,  146  N.  C.  246, 

Conference  (Ida.),  119  Pac.  60,  it  was  59  S.  E.  674. 

held  that  a  witness  need  not  be  qual-  **  Perry  v.  Jeffries,  61  S.  C.  292,  39 

ified  to  state  the  value  of  land  taken;  S.  E.  515. 

his  opportunity  to  acquire  knowledge  «  Morrell  v.  Prieskel  (N.  J.  L.),  74 

of   values    c§in    be   tested    on    cross-  Atl.  994. 

examination.  "In  re  Manhattan  Terminal,    120 

"  117  Mass.  523.  N.  Y.  Supp.  465. 


§1295 


VALUE  OF  LANDS  AND  LEASES 


2633 


§  1295.  Value  of  lands  and  leases. 

One  familiar  with  a  parcel  of  land  may  give  his  opinion  of  its 
value.**  In  a  proceeding  to  take  lands  under  the  right  of 
eminent  domain,  when  opinion  as  to  damages  is  held  competent, 
the  opinion  of  the  owner  *'  or  of  one  acquainted  with  the  value  '" 
may  be  given  both  as  to  the  damages  sustained  and  as  to  the 
value  of  the  land  left.  So,  in  an  action  for  a  nuisance,  an  archi- 
tect, acquainted  with  the  locality,  may  be  asked  if  the  nuisance 
depreciated  the  value  of  the  houses  in  the  neighborhood.*^ 
So  witnesses  may  give  their  opinions  as  to  the  value  of  property 
with  and  without  public  improvements.*^  In  Brown  v.  Prov- 
idence &  S.  Railway,*'  however,  it  was  held  improper  to  allow 
a  farmer  to  testify  as  to  the  value  of  land  for  any  but  farming 
purposes;  he  could  not,  though  acquainted  with  the  land, 
testify  to  its  value  as  a  summer  resort. 

The  value  of  land  may  be  proved  also  by  evidence  showing 
the  value  of  neighboring  land.**    In  some  jurisdictions  evi- 


*'  f/jiiied /States:  Montana  Ry.t).  War- 
ren, 137  U.  S.  348,  34  L.  ed.  681,  11 
Sup.  Ct.  96. 

California:  San  Diego  L.  &  T.  Co.  v. 
Neale,  78  Cal.  63. 

Illinois:  White  v.  Hermann,  51  HI. 
243,  99  Am.  Dec.  543. 

Indiana:  Lafayette  v.  Nagle,  113 
Ind.  425. 

Iowa:  Ball  v.  Keokuk  &  N.  W.  Ry., 
74  la.  132. 

Massachusetts:  Whitman  v.  Boston 
&  M.  R.  R.,  7  AIL  313;  Swan  v.  Middle- 
sex Co.,  101  Mass.  173. 

Minnesota:  Derby  v.  Gallup,  5  Minn. 
119. 

New  York:  Clark  v.  Baird,  9  N.  Y. 
183;  Robertson  v.  Knapp,  35  N.  Y.  91. 

Ohio:  Cleveland  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Ball, 
5  Oh.  St.  568. 

Pennsylvania:  Kellogg  v.  Krauser, 
14  S.  &  R.  137;  Pennsylvania  &  N.  Y. 
R.  R.  &  C.  Co.  V.  Bunnell,  81  Pa.  414. 

«Snow  V.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  65 
Me.  230. 

™  Indiana:  Frankfort  &  K.  R.  R.  v. 
Windsor,  51  Ind.  238. 


Missouri:  Springfield  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Calkins,  90  Mo.  538. 

New  York:  Argotsinger  v.  Vines,  82 
N.  Y.  308. 

Pennsylvania:  Leiby  v.  Clear  S.  W. 
Co.,  205  Pa.  634,  55  Atl.  782;  Hughes 
V.  Stevens,  36  Pa.  320. 

"Gauntlett  v.  Whitworth,  2  C.  & 
K.  720. 

'^  Georgia:  Americus  v.  Tower,  3  Ga. 
App.  159,  59  S.  E.  434. 

Indiana:  Yost  v.  Conroy,  92  Ind. 
464,  47  Am.  Rep.  156. 

So  as  to  the  value  of  land  if  a  con- 
tract had  been  completely  performed. 
Ironton  Land  Co.  v.  Butchart,  73 
Minn.  39,  75  N.  W.  749.  See  Avery 
v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  121  N. 
Y.  649,  24  N.  E.  20. 

"  12  R.  I.  238,  34  Am.  Rep.  631. 

^*  Illinois:  White  v.  Hermann,  51 
111.  243. 

Montana:  Sweeney  v.  Montana  Cent. 
Ry.,  25  Mont.  643,  65  Pac.  912. 

See  chapter  on  Eminent  Domain  in 
New  York. 


2634  3EVI13ENCE  1 1295 

dence  of  sales  of  neighboring  land  may  be  given;  ^'  but  the 
contrary  has  been  held  in  other  jurisdictions.^*  In  Pittsburgh 
&  W.  Railroad  v.  Patterson,"  Clark,  J.,  said: 

"The  selling  price  of  lands  in  the  neighborhood  at  the  time, 
is  undoubtedly  a  test  of  value,  but  it  is  the  general  selling  price, 
not  the  price  paid  for  particular  property.  The  location  of  the 
land,  its  uses  and  products,  and  the  general  selUng  price  in  the 
vicinity  are  the  data  from  which  a  jiu"y  may  determine  the  mar- 
ket value.  The  price  which,  upon  a  consideration  of  the  mat- 
ters stated,  the.  judgment  of  well-informed  and  reasonable 
men  will  approve  is  the  market  value.  A  particular  sale  may 
be  a  sacrifice  compelled  by  necessity,  or  it  may  be  the  result 
of  mere  caprice  or  folly;  if  it  be  given  in  evidence  it  raises  an 
issue  collateral  to  the  subject  of  inquiry,  and  these  collateral 
issues  are  as  numerous  as  the  sales." 

In  estimating  the  value  of  land  at  a  given  time,  evidence  of 
its  value  six  or  seven  months  later  is  not  inadmissible.  The 
law  has  no  presumptions  on  the  subject  of  changeable  values 
of  real  estate,  and  such  proof,  though  liable  to  be  overcome  by 
evidence  of  a  previous  change  in  the  interval  is  not  too  remote.** 
In  Brown  v.  Calumet  River  Railway,''  the  price  paid  for  a  per- 
cel  of  land  several  years  before  was  held  admissible,  as  throw- 
ing some  Hght  on  its  present  value.  A  resale  of  the  land  is 
evidence  of  its  value.^"  In  Winnisimmet  Co.  v.  Grueby  *^  it 
was  held  that  in  assessing  damages  for  land  taken,  evidence 

"  Alabama:  Massey  v.  Fain,  55  So.  110  App.  Div.  241,  97  N.  Y.  Supp.  66; 

936.  Bradshaw  v.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  1 

Illinois:  Albertson  Co.  v.  Chicago,  N.  Y.  Supp.  691,  49  Hun,  605. 

Ill  III.  651;  but  evidence  cannot  be  "  io7  Pa.  461,  464. 

admitted  of  what  a  company  taking  ^Abell  v.  Munson,   18  Mich.  306, 

land  by  eminent  domain  has  paid  for  100  Am.  Dec.  165.    But  evidence  may 

other  takings.  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  not  be  introduced  to  show  an  offer  for 

Scott,  225  111.  352,  80  N.  E.  404.  a  part  of  the  land  which  was  with- 

Imea:  Cummins  v.   Des  Moines  &  drawn  after  the  trespass  complained  of. 

S.  L.  Ry.,  63  la.  397.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Ring,  102  Md. 

Massachusetts:  Paine   u.   Boston,   4  677,  62  Atl.  801. 

All.  168;  Benham  v.  Dunbar,  103  Mass.  s'  125  111.  600. 

365;  Gardner  v.  Brookline,  127  Mass.  ^''  Massachiisetts:  Brigham  v.  Evans, 

358;  Roberts  v.  Boston,  149  Mass.  346,  113  Mass.  538. 

21  N.  E.  668.  England:  Engell  v.  Fitch,  L.  R.  4  Q. 

»  See  Bunke  v.  New  York  T.  Co.,  B.  659. 

188  N.  Y.  600,  81  N.  E.  1161,  affirming  "  111  Mass.  543. 


§  1295  VALUE  OiP  LANDS  AND  LEASES  2685 

could  not  be  introduced  of  the  amount  for  which  an  owner  of 
neighboring  land  offered  to  sell  his  land,  as  evidence  of  the  value 
of  defendant's  land."^  And  where  the  amount  for  which 
neighboring  land  had  been  sold  was  shown,  evidence  that  the 
purchaser  had  at  once  been  offered  an  advance  was  held  in- 
admissible.*' But  in  Dalrymple  v.  Hannum  **  the  plaintiff 
was  allowed  to  introduce  evidence  of  an  unaccepted  offer  made 
by  him  to  the  defendant,  which  the  defendant  refused  to  ac- 
cept, to  show  of  how  little  value  the  land  was. 

In  proving  the  value  of  a  lease,  evidence  of  the  amount  of 
rent  in  preceding  years  is  admissible.^^  And  in  an  action  of 
ejectment  the  net  receipts  of  the  defendant  under  a  lease  of  the 
premises  is  evidence  on  the  question  of  the  value  of  the  use  and 
occupation.^'    In  the  latter  case  the  court  said : 

"As  an  item  of  evidence  on  the  question  of  the  value  of  the 
use  and  occupation  of  the  farm,  it  was  competent  to  prove 
what  sum  was  actually  received  from  it  as  rent.  This,  of 
course,  was  not  conclusive  evidence  of  the  value  of  the  use  of 
the  farm,  but  it  was  competent  evidence  on  the  subject.  The 
agreed  rent  would  be  strong  evidence  of  the  real  value  of  the 
use  and  occupation."  It  is  from  prices  offered,  agreed  upon 
and  paid,  that  the  value  of  property  or  of  its  use  is  to  be  de- 
termined, and  such  prices  may  be  given  in  evidence  to  test 
the  correctness  and  fairness  of  opinions.  Indeed,  opinions  are 
made  up  either  from  public  or  private  sales  and  contracts,  as 
regards  the  value  of  property.  Thus  it  is,  that  both  public 
and  private  sales  of  property  are  admissible  in  evidence  to 
determine  its  true  value."  '* 

Circumstances  may  be  shown  for  their  effect  on  the  value.'' 
Where  crops,  fixtiires  or  improvements  are  destroyed  or  re- 
moved, evidence  of  their  value  in  place  may  be  received.™ 

^^  Ace,  Montclair  Ry.  v.  Benson,  36  "  Citing  Gary  v.  Gruman,  4  Hill,  625, 

N.  J.  L.  557.  40  Am.  Dec.  299. 

8'  Roberts  v.  Boston,  149  Mass.  349,  =«  More  v.  Deyoe,  22  Hun,  208,  222. 

21  N.  E.  668.  "  Kansas:  Omaha  H.  &  G.  Ry.  v. 

8<  54  N.  Y.  654.  Doney,  3  Kan.  App.  515,  43  Pac.  831 

65  Fogg  j,_   Hiu^   21   Me.   529.     See  (inconvenience  of  approach). 

Bunke  v.  New  York  Telephone  Co.,  Minnesota:   Hueston   v.    Mississippi 

110  App.  Div.  241,  97  N.  Y.  Supp.  &  R.  R.  B.  Co.,  76  Minn.  251,  79  N.  W. 

66.  92  (nature  and  amount  of  items). 

"  More  V.  Deyoe,  22  Hun,  208.  "  California:  Greenbaum  v.  Taylor, 


2636  EVIDENCE  §  1296 

The  valuation  placed  on  land  by  assessors  for  the  purpose 
of  the  tax  levy  cannot  be  shown.'^^ 

§  1296.  Of  chattels— Opinions  of  value. 

When  the  value  of  a  chattel  is  to  be  proved,  one  familiar 
with  that  kind  of  property  may  state  his  opinion  as  to  its  value.'^ 
So,  one  familiar  with  the  value  of  horses  may  state  the  difference 
in  value  of  a  horse  as  it  was  represented  to  be  and  as  it  was,'' 
or  before  and  after  the  injury  complained  of.'*  Where  a  pearl 
had  been  lost,  one  witness  was  allowed  to  describe  it,  and  an- 
other, who  was  acquainted  with  gems,  was  allowed  to  state 
his  opinion  of  its  value.'*  To  ascertain  the  value  of  certain 
tobacco,  a  witness  was  allowed  to  testify  as  to  the  general 
market  value  of  tobacco  produced  that  year,  although  he  ad- 
mitted that  he  could  not  tell  the  value  of  the  particular  to- 
bacco without  seeing  it.'^  On  the  other  hand,  in  an  action 
on  an  undertaking  given  on  procuring  an  attachment,  it  was 
held  that  the  evidence  of  witnesses  who  did  not  know  the 
goods  attached  was  not  admissible  where  they  merely  testified 
as  to  what  woiJd  be  the  value  of  similar  goods  when  returned 
after  five  days'  detention,  if  when  taken  they  were  worth 

102  Cal.  624,  36  Pac.  957  (saloon  fix-  Michigan:    Browne    v.    Moore,    32 

tures).  Mich.  254. 

Indiana:  Huber  v.  Beck,  6  Ind.  App.  Mississippi:  Whitfield  v.  Whitfield, 

484,  33  N.  E.  985.  40  Miss.  352. 

Kansas:  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.  v.  Nebraska:    Hespen    v.    Union    Pac. 

Mosher,   76  Kan.   599,   92   Pac.   554  R.  R.,  82  Neb.  495,  118  N.  W.  98. 

(growing  trees  and  hedges).  New  York:  Rogers  v.  Ackerman,  22 

Texas:  Smith  v.  Frio  County  (Tex.  Barb.  134;  McDonald  v.  Christie,  42 

Civ.  App.),  66  S.  W.  711  (house  and  Barb.  36. 

fence).  Texas:  Texarkana  &  F.  S.   Ry.  v. 

'1  Illinois:  Lewis  v.  Englewood  El.  Bell  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  101  S.  W.  1167. 

R.  R.,  223  ni.  223,  79  N.  E.  44.  Wisconsin:  Erd  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W. 

Massachusetts:     Anthony     u.     New  Ry.,  41  Wis.  65;  St.  Paul  Boom  Co.  v. 

York  P.  &  B.  R.  R.,  162  Mass.  544,  37  Kemp,  125  Wis.  138,  103  N.  W.  259. 

N.  E.  780.  "  Haskell  v.  Mitchell,  53  Me.  468, 

"  Alabama:  Western  Ry.  v.  Lazarus,  89  Am.  Dec.  711. 

88  Ala.  453,  6  So.  877.  »  Louisville,  N.  A.  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Peck, 

Illinois:  Ohio  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Taylor,  99  Ind.  68. 

27  HI.  207.  "  Berney  v.  Dinsmore,  141  Mass.  42, 

Iowa:    Anson    v.   Dwight,    18    la.  5  N.  E.  273,  55  Aip.  Rep.  445;  ace., 

241.  Davenport  v.  Abbott  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 

Massachusetts:  Patton  v.  Bell,   141  28  S.  W.  218. 

Mass.  197,  5  N.  E.  300.  ™  Draper  v.  Saxton,  118  Mass.  427. 


§  1297  MARKET  VALUE  2637 

$6,000."  A  witness  may  testify  to  the  relative  value  of  two 
articles,  although  not  able  to  testify  to  the  actual  value  of 
either.'^  In  Blanchard  v.  New  Jersey  Steam  Boat  Co."  the 
value  of  other  vessels  with  which  the  plaintiff's  vessel  could  be 
compared,  was  held  not  to  be  evidence  of  the  value  of  the 
plaintiff's  vessel.  The  cost  of  personal  property  may  be  proved 
as  an  element  of  its  value;  *"  but  only  if  accompanied  by  evi- 
dence of  other  circumstances.*^  In  the  case  of  animals, 
evidence  of  pedigree  may  be  produced  as  bearing  on  their 
value.*^  Evidence  of  value,  not  on  the  actual  date,  but  within 
a  reasonable  time  before  and  after  the  date  may  be  received, 
the  distance  from  the  date  going  only  to  the  weight  of  the 
testimony.*^  Where  the  value  of  use  of  property  is  an  ele- 
ment of  recovery,  one  who  has  the  necessary  knowledge  may 
give  his  opinion  of  the  value.** 

Where  the  value  of  a  large  number  of  similar  articles  is  in 
question,  the  average  value  may  be  shown.** 

§  1297.  Market  value. 

It  is  proper  to  ask  the  value  of  articles,  although  the  question 
does  not  require  the  market  value  to  be  stated.*^  If  there  is 
no  market  for  an  article  at  the  place  where  its  value  is  to  be 

"  Alexander  v.  Jacoby,  23  Oh.  St.  Texas:  Pacific  Exp.  Co.  v.  Lothrop, 

358.  20  Tex.  Civ.  App.  339,  49  S.  W.  898 

™  Kronschnable    v.    Knoblauch,    21  (hog). 

Minn.  56.  Vermont:  Winchell  v.  National  Exp. 

"  59  N.  Y.  292.  Co.,  64  Vt.  15,  23  Atl.  728  (dog). 

,  «"  California:  AngeU  v.  Hopkins,  79  "  Michigan:  Connor  v.  Levinson,  15 

Cal.  181.  Mich.  297,  73  N.  W.  232  (one  day). 

Pennsylvania:  Arnold  v.  Blabon,  147  Oregon:  Singer  v.  Pearson-Page  Co., 

Pa.  372,  23  Atl.  575.  115  Pac.  158. 

"  Kentucky:  Gray  v.  Heniy  County,  Vermont:  Griffin  v.  Martel,  77  Vt. 

19  Ky.  885,  42  S.  W.  333.  19,  58  At).  788  (16  months);  McKenzie 

New  York:  Brooke  v.  Cunard  S.  S.  v.  Boutwell,  79  Vt.  383,  65  Atl.  99  (one 

Co.,  93  N.  Y.  Supp.  369.  year). 

'^Michigan:  Parker  v.  Lake  Shore  '* Kansas:    Kennett    v.    Fickel,    41 

&  M.  S.  Ry.,  93  Mich.  607,  53  N.  W.  Kan.  211. 

834  (colt).  New  York:  McSorley  v.  Faulkner,  18 

Mississippi:  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.  N.  Y.  Supp.  460. 

V.  Chandler,  13  So.  267  (bull).  «=  lUingworth  v.  Greenleaf,  11  Minn. 

Tennessee:   Citizens'   R.   T.   Co.   v.  235. 

Dew,   100  Tenn.  317,  45  S.  W.  790  «« Parks  v.  Morris  A.  &  T.  Co.,  54 

(dog).  N.  Y.  586. 


2638  EVIDENCE  §  1298 

determined,  the  general  rule  is  to  ascertain  its  value  at  the 
nearest  place  affording  a  market.*'  So  where  the  value  of 
lumber  at  Detroit  was  the  measure  of  damages,  and  the  wit- 
ness a  dealer  in  lumber  at  Wayne,  a  place  eighteen  miles  from 
Detroit,  knew  the  market  value  of  such  lumber  at  Wayne, 
but  not  at  Detroit,  but  knew  the  value  at  Detroit  was  higher 
than  at  Wayne,  his  evidence  of  the  value  at  Wayne  was  held 
proper.**  So  evidence  of  the  cost  of  the  goods  in  the  market 
where  they  were  purchased,  adding  the  expenses  of  transporta- 
tion, the  duties,  and  a  fair  allowance  for  profits,  and  also  evi- 
dence of  the  sales  of  like  articles  for  several  months  before  and 
after  the  sale  in  question,  and  of  the  repurchase  of  some  of  the 
goods  for  cash  by  the  plaintiff  at  advanced  rates  within  two 
months  afterwards,  was  held  admissible.*'  So  if  the  market 
price  at  the  time  of  loss  cannot  be  proved,  the  market  price 
a  few  days  before  or  after  that  time  may  be  shown.'"  A  wit- 
ness who  has  inquired  as  to  the  value  in  the  market  has  been 
allowed  to  state  the  value.'^  Evidence  of  sales  of  an  article 
like  the  one  to  be  delivered  is  admissible  to  show  that  there  is  a 
market.'^ 

§  1298.  Evidence  of  sales. 

If  sales  of  property  are  adduced  as  evidence  of  value,  they 
should  be  sales  in  the  regular  course  of  business.'^  But  a  sale 
of  the  very  article  the  value  of  which  is  in  question  may  be 

*'  Alabama:  South  &  N.  A.  R.  R.  «.  New  York:  Dana  v.  Fiedler,  12  N.  Y. 

Wood,  72  Ala.  451.  40,  62  Am.  Dec.  130. 

Kansas:  Hanson  v.  Lawson,  19  Kan.  West  Virginia:  Boyd  v.  Gunnison, 

201.  14  W.  Va.  1. 

Maine:    Washington     Ice     Co.     v.  Evidence    of    market    value    nine 

Webster,  68  Me.  449.  months  previous  is  incompetent.  Gal- 

Nebraska:  Keith  v.  Tilford,  12  Neb.  veston  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v.  WilUams  (Tex. 

271,  11  N.  W.  315.  Civ.  App.),  25  S.  W.  1019. 

Virginia:  McCormick  v.  Hamilton,  «i  Colorado:  Thatcher  v.  Kaucher,  2 

23  Gratt.  561.  Colo.  698. 

Evidence  of  cost  and  transportation  Texas:  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  P.  Ry.  v.  Patter- 
charges  cannot  be  received  to  prove  son,  5  Tex.  Civ.  App.  523,  24  S.  W. 
market  value.    Gensburg  v.  Field,  104  349. 
la.  599,  74  N.  W.  3.  n  DeWolf  v.  McGinnis,  106  111.  553. 

«« Savercool  v.  Farwell,  17  Mich.  308.  »'  Kansas:  Meixell  v.  Kirkpatrick,  33 

«9  Eaton  V.  Melius,  7  Gray,  566.  Kan.  282. 

^  Ma£sax:husetts:  Eaton  v.  Melius,  7  New  Hampshire:  White  v.  Concord 

Gray,  566.  R.  R.,  30  N.  H.  188. 


§1298 


EVIDENCE   OF   SALES 


2639 


shown  in  evidence  of  its  value,'*  though  the  sale  were  a  sheriff's 
sale;  '^  and  therefore  evidence  of  the  cost  of  the  goods  is  ad- 
missible, in  connection  with  other  circumstances.'^  So  where 
goods  were  damaged  at  sea,  evidence  of  the  price  brought  by 
the  damaged  goods  at  auction  upon  their  arrival  was  held  as- 
missible."  So,  in  Tompkins  v.  Kanawha  Board,'*  it  was  held 
that  where  goods  were  to  have  been  sold  at  an  agreed  price 
at  the  place  where  their  value  is  to  be  taken,  such  agreed  price 
is  evidence  of  their  value.  In  Luse  v.  Jones,"  in  trespass  for 
removing  the  plaintiff's  furniture  and  iuterfering  with  her 
business  as  a  boarding-house  keeper,  it  was  held  that,  although 
the  furniture  was  not  new,  evidence  of  the  price  at  which  a 
regular  dealer  sold  such  articles  was  admissible  as  an  item  in 
estimating  the  value.  In  Jones  v.  Morgan,^""  in  estimating 
the  value  of  household  fumitiu'e,  works  of  art,  and  ornaments, 
the  plaintiff  was  allowed  to  state  the  price  paid  for  the  articles. 
The  court  said: 


Prices  realized  at  forced  sales  cannot 
be  shown.  Lincoln  v.  Packard  (Tex. 
Civ.App.),60S.W.682. 

'<  United  States:  Clews  v.  Jamieson, 
182  U.  S.  461,  21  Sup.  Ct.  845,  45  L. 
ed.  1183  (auction). 

Connecticut:  Lyon  d.  Katten,  80 
Conn.  718,  69  Atl.  534  (sales  a  few 
months  later). 

Maine:  Norton  v.  Willis,  73  Me.  580. 

Massachusetts:  Baker  v.  Seavey,  163 
Mass.  522,  40  N.  E.  863,  47  Am.  St. 
Rep.  475  (auction). 

Michigan:  Gates  v.  Comstock,  113 
Mich.  127,  71  N.  W.  515  (price  plaintiff 
paid  for  the  land). 

Nebraska:  Lnhoff  v.  Richards,  48 
Neb.  590,  595,  67  N.  W.  483  (auction). 

New  York:  Parmenter  v.  Pitzpatrick, 
135  N.  Y.  190,  31  N.E.  1032  (private 
sales  of  stock  of  stable;  value  a  year 
later). 

But  in  Rector-Wilhelmy  Co.  v. 
Nissen,  35  Neb.  716,  53  N.  W.  670, 
the  amount  brought  by  goods  at  a 
forced  mortgagee's  sale  was  not  al- 
lowed to  be  considered. 

^^New   York:  Mcllhargy  v.  Cham- 


bers, 117  N.  Y.  532,  23  N.  E.  561; 
Montignani  v.  E.  V.  CrandaU  Co.,  34 
App.  Div.  228,  54  N.  Y.  Supp.  517; 
Industrial  &  General  Trust  v.  Tod,  52 
App.  Div.  195,  64  N.  Y.  Supp.  1093. 

Utah:  White  v.  Pease,  15  Utah,  170, 
49  Pac.  416. 

Vermont:  Hildreth  v.  Fitts,  53  Vt. 
684. 

Contra,  Pennsylvania:  Sweigert  v. 
Finley,  144  Pa.  266,  22  Atl.  702. 

^  United  States:  The  Lucille,  169 
Fed.  719. 

New  York:  Behm  v.  Damm,  91  N.  Y. 
Supp.  735. 

Vermont:  Griffin  v.  Martel,  77  Vt. 
19,  58  Atl.  788. 

But  the  price  paid  two  years  before 
for  a  machine  which  had  since  that 
time  been  used  and  injured  was  held 
not  admissible  in  Hensley  v.  Orendorff, 
152  Ala.  599,  44  So.  869. 

"  Guiterman  v.  Liverpool,  N.  Y.  & 
P.  S.  S.  Co.,  83  N.  Y.  358. 

98  21  W.  Va.  225. 

»  39  N.  J.  L.  707. 

™  24  Hun,  372, 


2640  EVIDENCE  §  1299 

"If  the  plaintiff  had  been  restricted  to  direct  proof  of  the 
value  of  the  property  at  or  near  that  time,  it  is  evident  that  no 
redress  could  possibly  be  afforded  for  the  injury  and  loss  which 
she  had  sustained.  For  that  reason  it  was  a  matter  of  strict 
necessity  that  evidence  of  a  different  character  should  be  pro- 
duced and  reUed  upon,  not  as  controlling  in  the  case,  but  as  a 
basis  from  which,  in  view  of  succeeding  circumstances,  a  fan- 
valuation  of  the  property  might  be  ascertained What 

is  required  is  that  reliable  and  satisfactory  evidence  shall  be 
produced  from  which  the  value  of  the  property  in  controversy 
may  be  ascertained  with  a  reasonable  degree  of  certainty." 

§  1299.  Offers — Price-lists — Quotations— Appraisals. 

A  mere  offer  to  sell  or  buy  at  a  certain  price,  unaccepted, 
cannot  be  shown  as  evidence  of  value.  ^"^  But  offers  made  in 
open  market  are  evidence  of  value,  ^"^  such  as  statements  of 
dealers  in  answer  to  inquiries  as  to  price,  ^"^  or  price-lists  of 
manufacturers  or  dealers.  ^"^  So  the  official  quotations  of  the 
exchanges  are  admissible.  Thus,  in  Whitney  v.  Thacher^"^ 
brokers  in  Boston,  members  of  a  firm  doing  business  and  hav- 
ing houses  established  in  Boston  and  New  York,  who  were 
familiar  with  the  market  value  of  such  goods  in  New  York, 
and  whose  information  was  derived  from  the  daily  price  current 
lists  and  from  the  return  of  sales  daily  furnished  them  in  Boston 
from  New  York,  were  allowed  to  testify  as  to  the  value  in  New 
York.  Wells,  J.,  said:  "An  unaccepted  offer,  as  an  isolated 
transaction,  is  not  competent  evidence  upon  the  question  of 
value.  But  in  a  market  regularly  attended  by  buyers  and 
sellers,  an  offer  as  well  as  a  sale  of  an  article  of  recognized  uni- 

"'  Maine:  Norton  v.  Willis,  73  Me.  "» Norton    v.    Willis,    73    Me.    580 

580  (semble).  (semble). 

Michigan:  Thompson  v.  Moiles,  46  ""  Harrison  v.  Glover,  72  N.  Y.  451 

Mich.  42.  (semble). 

Nebraska:   Winside   State   Bank   v.  "<  United  States:   Cliquot's   Cham- 

Lound,  52  Neb.  469,  72  N.  W.  486.  pagne,  3  Wall.  114,  18  L.  ed.  116. 

New  Jersey:  Hartman  v.  Dobar,  80  New  York:  Harrison  v.  Glover,  72 

N.  J.  L.  250,  76  Atl.  347.  N.  Y.  451.    But  contra,  Cook  County 

Texas:  Texas  &  P.  Ry.  v.  Randle,  18  v.  Harms,  10  111.  App.  24. 

Tex.  Civ.  App.  348,  44  S.  W.  603.  "'  117  Mass.  523. 

Wisconsin:  Castenholz  v.  Heller,  82 
Wis.  30,  51  N.  W.  432. 


§  1300  PKESUMPTION  AGAINST  DEFENDANT  2641 

form  character,  constantly  bought  and  sold  in  that  market,  so 
as  to  have  a  place  upon  the  daily  price  current  lists,  may  serve 
to  show  that  the  market  value  of  that  article  did  not  then  ex- 
ceed the  price  at  which  it  was  offered.  It  is  admissible  because 
of  its  pubhcity,  and  the  presumption  of  the  presence  of  dealers 
ready  to  purchase,  and  who  would  have  done  so  if  the  offer  had 
been  below  the  market  value.  That  dealers  are  themselves 
guided  iiji  their  transactions  by  such  indications  of  the  state  of 
the  market,  makes  the  fact  one  that  may  properly  be  con- 
sidered in  evidence."  In  New  York  it  has  been  held  that  the 
"Shipping  and  Commercial  Lists  Prices  Ciurent"  are  not  ad- 
missible to  show  value  uiiless  supported  by  testimony  as  to 
when  and  how  the  Ust  was  made  up;  "*  and  this  requirement 
would  seem  to  be  sound  and  reasonable.  In  Michigan,  how- 
ever, the  market  quotations  of  a  Toledo  newspaper  were  ad-, 
mitted  to  prove  the  value  of  shingles  at  that  place  on  the  day 
of  publication;  while  the  defendant  was  not  allowed  to  prove 
the  price  at  which  he  sold  other  shingles  there  on  that  day.^"^ 
The  inventory  and  appraisal  of  certain  goods  made  by  a 
constable  and  his  appraisers  may  be  shown  as  evidence  of 
value.  ^"^ 

§  1300.  Presumption  against  defendant. 

*  In  one  of  the  earliest  cases  on  the  subject  of  damages  in 
trover,  1°'  where  the  action  was  brought  for  a  jewel,  several  of 
the  trade  being  examined  to  prove  what  a  jewel  of  the  first 
water,  of  the  size  in  question,  would  be  worth,  the  chief-justice 
of  the  Queen's  Bench  directed  the  jury  that,  imless  the  defend- 
ant produced  the  jewel,  and  showed  it  not  to  be  of  the  first 
water,  "they  should  presume  the  strongest  against  him,  and 
make  the  value  of  the  best  jewels  the  measure  of  their  dam- 
ages"; which  they  did.**  Where  there  was  no  evidence  of  the 
quality  of  cotton  converted,  it  was  held  that  the  jury  were 
entitled  to  assume  it  to  have  been  of  the  best  quaUty.""    But 

™Whelan    v.    Lynch,    60    N.    Y.         "'Armory  v.  Delamirie,  1  Strange, 

469.  505. 

1"  Peter    v.    Thickstun,    51    Mich.         "» Curry  v.  Wilson,  48  Ala.  638.    So 

580.  .  in  an  action  against  a  carrier  for  non- 

"»  Green  v.  McCracken,  64  Kan.  330,  delivery.     Bailey  v.  Shaw,  24  N.  H. 

67  Pac.  857.  297,  55  Am.  Dec.  241. 

166 


2642  EVIDENCE  §§ 1301,  1302 

in  other  forms  of  action,  as  assumpsit  for  goods  sold,  or  debt 
for  money  lent,  where  there  is  no  fraud  in  the  defendant,  this 
rule  is  reversed,  and  the  jury  will  be  instructed  to  presume 
against  the  plaintiff's  demand.  Thus,  in  assumpsit,  in  the 
absence  of  evidence  as  to  the  quality  of  liquor  in  bottles  sold 
by  the  plaintiff,  they  were  told,  by  Lord  EUenborough,  to 
presume  that  the  bottles  were  filled  with  the  cheapest  liquor  in 
which  the  plaintiff  dealt.  "^  And,  in  debt,  where  the  proof  was 
simply  that  the  plaintiff  handed  the  defendant  a  bank  note  in 
reply  to  a  request  for  money,  the  English  Court  of  Exchequer 
held  that  the  jury  were  rightly  instructed  to  presume  it  to 
have  been  of  the  lowest  denomination."^ 

§  1301.  Estoppel. 

*  Again,  the  acts  of  the  parties  themselves  may  determine 
the  value  of  the  thing  in  controversy,  and  operate  like  an  ab- 
solute liquidation  of  damages.  So,  in  an  action  on  an  agree- 
ment in  which  the  defendant  acknowledged  that  he  had  re- 
ceived of  the  plaintiff  certain  enumerated  goods,  attached  by 
the  plaintiff  as  a  deputy  sheriff,  estimated  at  fifteen  hundred 
dollars,  and  which  the  defendant  promised  to  keep  safely  and 
dehver  to  the  plaintiff  on  demand;  it  was  held  that  the  defend- 
ant could  not  give  evidence  that  the  goods  were  of  less  value 
than  the  specified  sum,  but  that  the  valuation  in  the  receipt 
was  conclusive."'  **  Evidence  of  an  offer  by  plaintiff  to  sell 
the  property  is  admissible  as  against  him,  to  show  that  it  is 
worth  no  more  than  the  amount  he  offered  to  take  for  it;  '" 
and  an  agreement  by  defendant  to  pay  a  certain  amount  for 
the  use  of  land  for  a  term  preceding  his  trespass  upon  it  is  ad- 
missible against  him  as  evidence  of  the  value  of  the  use."^ 

§  1302.  Value  of  construction. 

In  order  to  prove  the  value  or  expense  of  repairs  on  a  build- 
ing, evidence  may  be  received  of  the  value  of  the  materials  and 
labor  required. "«    So,  in  arriving  at  the  value  of  a  sleigh,  the 

"'  Clunnes  v.  Pezzey,  1  Camp.  8.  i"  Hersey  v.  Ins.  Co.,  27  N.  H.  149. 

"2  Lawton  v.  Sweeney,  8  Jur.  964.  "« Weaver  v.  Mississippi  &  R.  R.  B. 

See  Jones's  Appeal,  62  Pa.  324.  Co.,  28  Minn.  534,  11  N.  W.  114. 

"'  Jones  V.  fcichardson,  10  Met.  481.  "«  Hough  v.  Cook,  69  111.  581. 


§1303 


OF    SERVICES 


2643 


value  of  its  component  parts  may  be  shown.'"  Upon  the 
question  of  the  value  of  a  house  or  other  building,  one  who  is 
qualified  to  do  so  may  give  an  estimate  of  the  expense  of  build- 
ing it."^ 

§  1303.  Of  services. 

The  value  of  services  may  be  proved  by  the  opinion  on  one 
familiar  with  such  value."'  So  the  value  of  an  attorney's 
services  may  be  proved  by  an  attorney  who  knows  what  the 
services  were/^**  or  upon  a  proper  hypothetical  statement.'^' 
But  the  value  of  skilled  services  is  to  be  estimated  not  by  in- 
quiring what  A.  or  B.  would  charge  for  such  services,  but  what 
the  services  are  fairly  worth  by  the  common  usage  or  custom 
of  compensation;  and  it  is  error  to  receive  the  testimony  of 
witnesses  as  to  what  they  would  charge. '^^  But  evidence  is 
proper  of  the  price  usually  charged  and  received  for  similar 
services  by  others  at  the  same  place, '^'  and  of  the  past  earnings 
of  the  person  whose  services  are  in  question. '^^    The  circum- 


1"  Hildreth  v.  Fitts,  53  Vt.  684. 

^^  Maine:  Tebbetts  v.  Haskins,  16 
Me.  283. 

Massachusetts:  Hills  v.  Home  Ins. 
Co.,  129  Mass.  345. 

Tennessee:  Southern  Oil  Works  v. 
Bickford,  14  Lea,  651. 

1"  Alabama:  Parker's  Heirs  v.  Park- 
er's Admr.,  33  Ala.  459. 

Kansas:  Atchison  v.  Rose,  43  Kan. 
605,  23  Pac.  661. 

Michigan:  Raynowski  v.  Detroit  B. 
C.  &  A.  R.  R.,  74  Mich.  15,  41  N.  W. 
847. 

New  York:  Brill  v.  Flagler,  23  Wend. 
354,  35  Am.  Dec.  572;  Lewis  v.  Trickey, 
20  Barb.  387. 

"» Covey  V.  Campbell,  52  Ind.  157. 

"1  Williams  v.  Brown,  28  Oh.  St.  547. 

>22  Pfeil  V.  Kemper,  3  Wis.  315. 

"'  United  States:  Stanton  v.  Em- 
brey,  93  U.  S.  548,  23  L.  ed.  983. 

North  Carolina:  Jeffries  v.  Seaboard 
A.  L.  R.  R.,  129  N.  C.  236,  39  S.  E.  836. 

Pennsylvania:  McKenna  v.  Citizens' 
N.  G.  Co.,  201  Pa.  146,  50  Atl.  922. 


Texas:  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Lasater,  53  Tex.  Civ.  App.  51,  115 
S.  W.  103. 

Vermont:  Vilas  v.  Downer,  21  Vt. 
419. 

^^*  California:  Bonneau  v.  North 
Shore  R.  R.,  152  Cal.  406,  93  Pac.  106. 

Ioum:  Lund  v.  Tyler,  115  la.  236,  88 
N.  W.  333. 

Kansas:  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.  v. 
Posten,  59  Kan.  449,  53  Pac.  465. 

New  York:  Beisiegel  v.  New  York 
C.  R.  R.,  40  N.  y.  9;  Palmer  v.  Conant, 
11  N.  Y.  Supp.  917,  58  Hun,  333; 
Symons  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  27 
Misc.  502,  58  N.  Y.  Supp.  327. 

For  the  distinction  between  personal 
earnings  and  the  profits  of  a  business, 
not  due  to  personal  exertions,  which 
therefore  cannot  be  shown,  see  John- 
son V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  52  Hun,  111, 
4  N.  Y.  Supp.  848;  Thomas  v.  Union 
Ry.,  18  App.  Div.  185,  45  N.  Y.  Supp. 
920. 

Ante,  §  482a. 


2644  EVIDENCE  §§  1304,  1305 

stances  and  quality  of  the  services  may  be  shown,  as  bearing 
on  the  value.  ^" 

§  1304.  Other  value. 

One  who  knows  the  sort  of  board  and  care  furnished  to  an 
insane  person  may  testify  as  to  its  value.  ^^^  In  New  Hampshire 
it  was  held  that  as  evidence  of  the  value  of  board  the  price  of 
similar  board  at  a  hotel  ten  miles  distant  might  be  shown.  ^^^ 

The  value  of  a  business  may  be  shown  by  evidence  of  the 
extent  of  the  business  and  the  amount  of  profits."* 

§  1305.  Evidence  of  malice  or  intention. 

All  facts  directly  bearing  on  the  question  of  malice  can  be 
given  in  evidence.  In  Voltz  v.  Blackmar  "'  it  was  said  that 
"where  exemplary  or  punitive  damages  are  claimed,  all  the 
circumstances  immediately  connected  with  the  transaction, 
tending  to  exhibit  or  explain  the  motive  of  the  defendant,  are 
admissible  in  evidence."  The  action  was  for  false  imprison- 
ment, and  it  was  held  that  the  facts  which  induced  the  defend- 
ant to  make  the  arrest  should  have  been  considered  by  the  jury 

125  Alabama:  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  '»  Cross  v.  Wilkins,  43  N.  H.  332. 

V.  Handley,  56  So.  539.  '™  California:  Hawthorne  v.  Siegel, 

Illinois:  Graham  v.   Mattoon  City  88  Cal.  159,  25  Pac.  1114,  22  Ani.  St. 

Ry.,  234  111.  483,  84  N.  E.  1070  (educa^  Rep.  291. 

tion).  Georgia:  Juohter  v.  Boehm,  67  Ga. 

Iowa:  Patton  v.  Sanborn,   133   la.  534. 

650,  110  N.  W.  1032  (amount  of  labor  Illinois:  Illinois  &  S.  L.  R.  &  C.  Co. 

performed  as  housewife).  v.  Decker,  3  III.  App.  135. 

Kentucky:  Buffalo  C.  C.  M.  Co.  v.  Michigan:  Keables   v.   Christie,   47 

Hodges,  98  S.  W.  274,  30  Ky.  L.  Rep.  Mich.  594,  11  N.  W.  400. 

346  (habits  of  industry  and  sobriety).  New  York:  Marquart  v.  LaFarge,  5 

Michigan:  Kingston  v.  Fort  Wayne,  Duer,  565. 

etc.,  Ry.,  112  Mich.  40,  45,  40  L.  R.  A.  Pennsylvania:  Pittsburgh  Gauge  Co. 

131,  70  N.  W.  315,  74  N.  W.  230  (dis-  v.  Ashton  Valve  Co.,  184  Pa.  36,  39 

solute  habits  and  failure  to  secure  em-  Atl.  223. 

ployment);    Herrick    v.    Wixom,    121  See  New  Jersey:  Lonon   v.   Public 

Mich.  384,  80  N.  W.  117,  81  L.  R.  A.  Service  Co.,  80  N.  J.  L.  252,  76  Atl.  321. 

333  (habits  of  intoxication).  im64  N.  Y.  440,  21  Am.  Rep.  629. 

Missouri:  Latimer  v.   Metropolitan  But  the  evidence  of  course  must  be 

St.  Ry.,  126  Mo.  App.  70,  103  S.  W.  relevant.     In  libel,   evidence  of  con- 

1102  (health).  temporaneous   publication   by    others 

Pennsylvania:  McKenna  v.  Citizens'  is  not  admissible  if  defendant  was  ig- 

N.  G.  Co.,  201  Pa.  146,  60  Atl.  922  norant  of  it  at  the  time.     Witcher  v. 

(amount  of  business  attended  to).  Jones,  17  N.  Y.  Supp.  491. 


'^  Kendall  v.  May,  10  All.  59. 


§  1306  OF  THE   DURATION  OP   LIFE  2645 

as  bearing  on  the  question  of  malice.  In  an  action  of  trespass 
q.  c.  /.,  where  the  defendant's  maUce  might  be  a  ground  of  ex- 
emplary damages,  it  has  been  held,  in  New  Hampshire,  that 
the  plaintiff,  being  a  competent  witness,  might  testify  what  his 
motive  and  purpose  were  in  doing  the  acts  complained  of.''" 
In  Hanrion  v.  Harmon  ^'^  it  was  said  that  acts  against  which 
the  statute  of  limitations  had  run,  might  be  given  in  evidence 
on  the  question  of  malice.  In  Cxirrier  v.  Swan,''^  in  an  action 
for  trespass  quare  clausum  fregit,  it  was  held  that  the  defendant 
could  show  that  he  and  the  plaintiff  had  had  a  quarrel  in  the 
afternoon,  but  could  not  show  its  details.  The  court  said: 
"Otherwise  there  would  have  been  nothing  to  indicate  to  the 
jury  but  that  the  house  was  entered  for  the  purpose  of  robbery 
and  plunder,  or  something  of  the  kind.  The  fact  of  a  previous 
affray  might  have  some  weight  upon  the  question  of  the  amount 
of  damages  recoverable,  and  might  legitimately  be  regarded  as 
a  part  of  the  transaction  to  be  investigated  in  this  suit." 

§  1306.  Of  the  dixration  of  life. 

Where  the  amount  of  damages  depends  on  the  length  of  a 
life  in  being,  as  in  the  case  of  a  lease  for  life  or  a  dower  right, 
the  courts,  if  not  by  the  assent  of  parties,  usually  by  the  rules 
of  their  practice,  resort  to  the  standard  mortality  or  annuity 
tables,  as  the  Northampton,  Wigglesworth,  Carlisle  or  Ameri- 
can Tables.  ^'^   The  value  of  the  Ufe  for  a  year  being  ascertained 

130  Norris  v.  Morrill,  40  N.  H.  395.  lovm:  Chase  v.  Burlington,  C.  R.  & 

"'  61  Me.  233.  N.  Ry.,  76  la.  675,  39  N.  W.   196; 

"2  63  Me.  323.  Scagel  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  83 

"'  United  States:  Colusa  Parrot  Min-  la.  380,  49  N.  W.  990. 

ing  &  Smelting  Co.  v.  Monahan,  162  Kentucky:  Greer  v.  Louisville  &  N. 

Fed.  276,  89  C.  C.  A.  256.  R.  R.,  94  Ky.  169,  21  S.  W.  649;  Louis- 

Aldbama:  Southern  Ry.  v.  Cunning-  ville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Campbell,  122  S.  W. 

ham,  152  Ala.  147,  44  So.  658.  848. 

Delaware:    McMahon    n.    Bangs,    5  Massachusetts:  Banks  v.  Braman,  195 

Pennew.  178,  62  Atl.  1098.  Mass.  97,  80  N.  E.  799. 

Georgia:  Collins  Park  &  B.  R.  R.  v.  Michigan:  Howell  v.  Lansing  E.  Ry., 

Ware,  112  Ga.  663,  37  S.  E.  975.  136  Mich.  432,  99  N.  W.  406;  Haney 

Indiana:  Pittsburgh,  C,  C.  &  S.  L.  v.  Pinckney,  155  Mich.  656,  119  N.  W. 

Ry.  V.  Lightheiser,   168  Ind.  438,  78  1099. 

N.  E.  1033;  Pittsburgh,  C,  C.  &  S.  L.  Nebraska:    Lincoln    v.    Smith,    28 

Ry.  V.  Sudhoff,  173  Ind.  314,  90  N.  E.  Neb.  762,  45  N.  W.  41;  Swift  *;.  Hol- 

467.  oubek,  55  Neb.  228,  75  N.  W.  584. 


2646 


EVIDENCE 


§1306 


by  the  jury,  the  expectation  of  the  Hfe  becomes  a  matter  of  cal- 
culation from  the  tables.  ^^^  So  in  the  statutory  action  for 
causing  death,  "^  or  in  an  action  for  permanent  personal  in- 
jiu-y."^  But  in  Shippen  &  Robbins's  Appeal, ^^^  in  estimating 
the  value  of  an  estate  by  the  curtesy,  the  court  held  that  the 
Carlisle  Tables  were  not  authoritative,  but  that  the  probable 
expectation  of  life  must  be  estimated  from  the  particular  cir- 
cumstances. The  tables  must  be  proved  to  be  standard  tables, 
and  will  not  otherwise  be  admitted;  "*  but  it  has  been  held  that 
the  court  will  take  judicial  notice  that  certain  tables  are  stan- 
dard tables."'  The  tables  are  not  conclusive  on  the  jury,""  but 
must  be  considered  in  the  light  of  other  evidence,  such  as  the 
health  and  strength  of  the  person  in  question."^  Life  tables 
need  not  be  introduced  at  all.    The  jury  may  find  the  probable 


New  York:  Hall  v.  Germain,  59  Hun, 
626,  14  N.  Y.  Supp.  5. 

Oklahoma:  Shawnee  v.  Slankard,  116 
Pac.  803. 

Pennsylvania:  Campbell  v.  York,  172 
Pa.  205,  33  Atl.  879;  Kerrigan  v.  Penn- 
sylvania R.  R.,  194  Pa.  98,  44  Atl.  1069. 

Texas:  Galveston  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Leonard  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  29  S.  W. 
955;  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v.  Johnson, 
10  Tex.  Civ.  App.  254,  31  S.  W.  255; 
Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  McGlamory 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  34  S.  W.  359;  Gulf, 
C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  V.  Mangham,  95  Tex. 
413,  67  S.  W.  765;  San  Antonio  &  A.  P. 
Ry.  V.  Moore,  31  Tex.  Civ.  App.  371, 
72  S.  W.  226. 

Washington:  Hodd  v.  Tacoma,  45 
Wash.  436,  88  Pac.  842;  Suell  v.  Jones, 
49  Wash.  582,  96  Pac.  4. 

Wisconsin:  Waterman  v.  Chicago  & 
A.  R.  R.,  82  Wis.  613,  52  N.  W.  247; 
Hackett  v.  Wisconsin  Cent.  Ry.,  141 
Wis.  464,  124  N.  W.  1018. 

"*  How  V.  How,  48  Me.  428. 

"5  Georgia:  Georgia  R.  R.  &  B.  Co. 
V.  Oaks,  52  Ga.  410;  Central  R.  R.  v. 
Crosby,  74  Ga.  737,  58  Am.  Rep.  463. 

Wisconsin:  McKeigue  v.  Janesville, 
68Wis.  50,.31N.  W.  298. 

"=  Georgia:  Atlanta  &  W.  P.  R.  R. 


V.  Johnson,  66  Ga,  259;  Northeastern 
R.  R.  V.  Chandler,  84  Ga.  37,  10  S.  E. 
586. 

Iowa:  Coates  v.  Burhngton,  C.  R.  & 
N.  Ry.,  62  la.  487,  17  N.  W.  760. 

Nebraska:  Lincoln  v.  Smith,  28  Neb. 
762,  45  N.  W.  41. 

Texas:  Texas  M.  Ry.  v.  Douglass, 
69  Tex.  694. 

"'  80  Pa.  391. 

"s  Banks  v.  Braman,  195  Mass.  97, 
80  N.  E.  799. 

"'  Pittsburg,  C,  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry.  v. 
Sudhoff,  173  Ind.  314,  90  N.  E.  467. 

""  United  States:  Kountz  v.  Toledo, 
S.  L.  &  W.  R.  R.,  189  Fed.  494. 

Montana:  Robinson  v.  Helena  L.  & 
Ry.,  38  Mont.  222,  99  Pac.  837. 

Pennsylvania:  Kerrigan  v.  Pennsyl- 
vania R.  R.,  194  Pa.  98,  44  Atl.  1069; 
Pauza  V.  Lehigh  V.  C.  Co.,  231  Pa.  577, 
80  Atl.  1126. 

See  ante,  §  485a. 

^*'^  Iowa:  Peterson  v.  Brackey,  143 
la.  71,  119  N.  W.  967  (habits  of  in- 
toxication). 

Michigan:  Denman  v.  Johnston,  85 
Mich.  387,  48  N.  W.  565. 

Rhode  Island:  Colbert  v.  Rhode  Is- 
land Co.,  67  Atl.  446. 


§§  1307,  1308       OP  A  FORMER  VERDICT  2647 

duration  of  life  entirely  from  other  evidence,"^  such  as  the  age 
reached  by  the  person's  ancestors."' 

§  1307.  Of  pain. 

The  fact  of  death  by  drowning  is  enough  of  itself  to  prove 
both  physical  and  mental  pain."^  When  physical  or  mental 
pain  is  to  be  proved  affirmatively,  evidence  of  the  acts  and 
exclamations  of  the  sufferer  are  competent  evidence."^  Thus, 
in  an  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  the  plaintiff's 
father  was  allowed  to  testify  that  after  the  defendant  left  her, 
she  became  more  melancholy,  possessed  less  life  and  animation, 
and  was  found  weeping."^  Extraneous  occurrences  have  been 
held  inadmissible  to  prove  special  susceptibility  to  mental 
suffering;  "'  but  on  the  other  hand  it  has  been  held  proper  to 
show  that  plaintiff  is  a  Christian  Scientist,  as  tending  to  show 
insensibility,  if  he  chooses,  to  physical  and  mental  pain.^** 

Evidence  that  the  injury  can  be  cured  by  a  slight  operation 
is  admissible."' 

§  1308.  Of  a  former  verdict. 

The  jury  should  not  be  told  the  amount  of  a  former  verdict 

"2  Minnesota:  Deisen  v.  Chicago,  S.  New  York:  Caldwell  v.  Murphy,  11 

P.,  M.  &  M.  Ry.,  43  Minn.  454,  45  N.  N.  Y.  416. 

W.  864.  North  Carolina:  Bowen  v.  Seaboard 

Pennsylvania:  Benson  v.  Altoona  &  A.  L.  Ry.,  60  S.  E.  898. 

L.  V.  E.  Ry.,  228  Pa.  290,  77  Atl.  Texas:  Missouri,   K.   &  T.   Ry.   v. 

492.  Zweiner  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  38  S.  W.  375; 

Texas:  Missouri  V.  B.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Linton  (Tex. 

Ballard,  53  Tex.  Civ.  App.   110,   116  Civ.  App.),  141  S.  W.  129. 

S.  W.  93.  Wisconsin:  McKeigue  v.  Janesville, 

i«  Haynes  v.  Waterville  &  O.  St.  Ry.,  68  Wis.  50,  31  N.  W.  298;  King  v.  Osh- 

101  Me.  335,  64  Atl.  614.  kosh,  75  Wis.  517,  44  N.  W.  745;  KeUer 

1"  Clark  V.  Manchester,  64  N.  H.  v.  Gilman,  93  Wis.  9,  66  N.  W.  800. 

471.      And    where    physical    pain    is  '*  Tobin  v.  Shaw,  45  Me.  331,  71 

proved  mental  suffering  need  not  be  Am.  Dec.  547. 

shown  by  independent  evidence.     In-  Ace,  in  a  case  of  personal  injury: 

ternational  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v.  Mitchell,  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v.  Moore,  28  Tex. 

(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  60  S.  W.  996.  Civ.  App.  603,  68  S.  W.  559. 

i«  Iowa:  Patton  v.  Sanborn,  133  la.  "'  Tingley  v.  Times  Mirror  Co.,  151 

650,  110  N.  W.  1032.  Cal.  1,  89  Pac.  1097. 

Massachusetts:  Bacon  v.  Charlton,  7  "» Fort  Worth  &  D.  C.  Ry.  v.  Travis, 

Cush.  581.  45  Tex.  Civ.  App.  117,  99  S.  W.  1141. 

Michigan:    Jones    v.    Portland,    88  '^^  Leitzell  v.  Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R. 

Mich.  598,  50  N.  W.  731.  R.  (Pa.),  81  Atl.  542. 


2648  EVIDENCE  §  1309 

in  the  case,  and  if  told  they  should  be  cautioned  to  disregard 
it.^^"  Nor  can  they  be  informed  of  the  amount  of  the  verdict 
in  another  similar  case."^ 

§  1309.  Physical  examination. 

The  court  has  discretion  to  order  a  witness  to  so  some  physi- 
cal act  before  the  jury,  such  as  walking  across  the  room.^^'' 
An  injured  party  may  exhibit  his  wounds  to  the  jury,^^*  and 
such  is  probably  the  actual  practice  everywhere,  at  least  in 
the  case  of  ordinary  injuries.  The  case  commonly  cited  in 
support  of  the  proposition  does  not  go  so  far.^^^  In  that  case 
the  injured  party  was  allowed  to  exhibit  his  wounds  to  a  surgeon 
who  was  testifying,  though  the  defendant  objected  that  the 
jury  might  see  them,  and  be  influenced  thereby.  But  a  case 
in  the  Superior  Court  of  New  York  decides  that  the  injury 
may  be  exhibited  to  the  jury.^^* 

An  interesting  question  has  recently  arisen  as  to  the  right 
of  the  court  to  compel  the  injured  party  to  submit  to  an  ex- 
amination by  physicians.  The  right  was  contested  on  the 
ground  that  it  was  an  indignity  to  the  injured  party,  but  the 
doctrine  seems  now  to  be  well  settled  in  several  jurisdictions 
that  the  court  may  in  its  discretion  compel  him  to  submit  to 
a  reasonable  and  proper  examination  by  disinterested  phy- 
sicians.'^*   In  other  jurisdictions,  however,  the  court  has  no 

"» Ball  V.  Keokuk  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  74  Ry.  v.  Kendall,  167  Fed.  62,  93  C.  C.  A. 

la.  132,  37  N.  W.  110.  422. 

"'  Baldwin's  Appeal,  44  Conn.  37.  California:    Johnston    v.    Southern 

"'  Hatfield  v.  St.  Paul  &  D.  R.  R.,  Pac.  Co.,  150  Cal.  535,  89  Pac.  348. 

33  Minn.  130,  22  N.  W.  176.  ,  Iowa:  Schroeder  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  & 

'"  Iowa:  Schroeder  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  P.  Ry.,  47  la.  375. 

&  P.  Ry.,  47  la.  375;  Faivre  v.  Mander-  Kansas:  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R. 

schied,  117  la.  724,  90  N.  W.  76.  v.  Thul,  29  Kan.  466,  44  Am.  Rep.  659; 

Michigan:  French  v.  Wilkinson,  93  Ottawa  v.  Gilliland,  63  Kan.  165,  65 

Mich.  322,  53  N.  W.  530  (cannot  show  Pac.  252;  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v. 

several  years  after  the  accident  with-  Palmore,  68  Kan.  545,  75  Pac.  509. 

out  evidence  to  show  how  far  changed).  Kentucky:  Keller  v.  Berry,  121  S.  W. 

Texos.-.  Jackson  tj.  Wells,  13  Tex.  Civ.  1009  (must  be  by  impartial  physician). 

App.  275,  35  S.  W.  628.  Maryland:  United  R.  &  E.  Co.  v. 

1"  Mulhado  v.  Brooklyn  City  R.  R.,  Cloman,  107  Md.  681,  69  Atl.  379. 

30  N.  Y.  370.  Michigan:   Fillingham   v.    Michigan 

'"  Jordan  v.  Bowen,  46  N.  Y.  Super.  United  Rys.,  154  Mich.  233,  117  N.  W. 

Ct.  355.  635  (must  be  by  impartial  physician). 

i»  United  States:  Chicago  &  N.  W. 


§1310 


APPROXIMATE   EVIDENCE 


2649 


power  to  order  such  an  examination  without  the  plaintiff's 
consent."'  In  no  jurisdiction  will  an  examination  be  ordered 
if  it  would  produce  serious  discomfort  or  injurious  conse- 
quences."* 

§  1310.  Approximate  evidence. 

*  The  application  of  the  rules  which  we  have  thus  examined, 
in  regard  to  the  proof  necessary  to  establish  a  claim  for  damages, 
often  renders  it  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  arrive  with  pre- 
cise accuracy  at  the  object  of  the  inquiry.  But  justice  is  after 
all  but  an  approximate  science,  and  its  ends  are  not  to  be  de- 
feated by  a  failure  of  strict  and  mathematical  proof.  The  fol- 
lowing language  of  Mr.  Justice  Story  is  full  of  good  sense,  and 
susceptible  of  frequent  and  wide  application: 

"It  is  said  that  it  is  difficult  and  indeed  impracticable,  to  as- 
certain its  true  and  exact  value,  when  thrown  overboard. 
There  may  be  difficulty,  and  perhaps  an  impossibility,  to  ascer- 
tain its  exact  and  minute  value,  for  we  have  no  means  of  weigh- 


Missouri:  Shamp  v.  Lambert,  142 
Mo.  App.  567,  121  S.  W.  770. 

Wisconsin:  White  v.  Milwaukee  C. 
Ry.,  61  Wis.  536,  21  N.  W.  524,  50 
Am.  Rep.  154. 

1"  Delaware:  Mills  v.  Wilmington 
City  Ry.,  1  Marvel,  269,  40  Atl.  1114. 

lUinms:  Chicago  v.  McNally,  227 
111.  14,  81  N.  E.  23,  affirming  117  111. 
App.  434,  128  111.  App.  375;  Pronske- 
vitch  V.  Chicago  &  A.  Ry.,  232  111.  136, 
83  N.  E.  545  (but  if  plaintiff  submits 
his  body  to  the  jury  for  examination, 
an  examination  by  physicians  may  be 
ordered);  Kellyville  Coal  Co.  v.  More- 
land,  121  111.  App.  410. 

New  York:  At  common  law;  Mc- 
Swyny  v.  Broadway  &  S.  A.  R.  R.,  54 
Hun,  637,  7  N.  Y.  Supp.  456  (but  see 
Walsh  V.  Sayre,  52  How.  Pr.  334);  Cole 
V.  Fall  Brook  Coal  Co.,  87  Hun,  584, 
34  N.  Y.  Supp.  572. 

But  by  Laws  of  1893,  chap.  721,  the 
court  may  grant  the  order  for  an  ex- 
amination as  a  matter  of  discovery. 
Lyon  V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  7  Misc.  401, 


27  N.  Y.  Supp.  966;  Wunsch  v.  Weber, 
29  N.  Y.  Supp.  1100;  Green  v.  Middle- 
sex R.  R.,  10  Misc.  473,  32  N.  Y.  Supp. 
177;  Smith  v.  New  Jersey  &  H.  R.  R.  & 
F.  Co.,  123  App.  Div.  493,  108  N.  Y. 
Supp.  415.  The  examination  will  not 
be  ordered  where  the  object  of  the 
examination  was  not  to  obtain  proper 
discovery  as  to  the  nature  of  the  in- 
jury. Smyth  V.  Lichtenstein,  137  App. 
Div.  335,  122  N.  Y.  Supp.  74. 

Oklahoma:  Kingfisher  v.  Altizer,  13 
Okla.  121,  74  Pac.  107. 

Texas:  St.  Louis  &  S.  W.  Ry.  v. 
Lindsey  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  81  S.  W.  87; 
International  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v.  Butcher 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  81  S.  W.  819;  San 
Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v.  Spencer  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  119  S.  W.  716.  The  exami- 
nation must  be  by  an  unprejudiced 
physician.  Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v. 
Berling,  14  Tex.  Civ.  App.  544,  37  S.  W. 
1083. 

>58  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v.  Pal- 
more,  68  Kan.  545,  75  Pac.  509. 


2650  EVIDENCE  §  1310a 

ing  it  in  scales,  or  fixing  its  positive  price.  But  the  same  diffi- 
culty occurs  in  many  other  cases  of  insurance;  as  in  cases  of 
injuries  to  sails,  or  rigging,  or  spars,  by  tempest,  or  by  cutting 
them  away  in  cases  of  jettison;  and  yet  no  one  doubts  that 
they  must  be  contributed  for  according  to  their  value,  ascer- 
tained by  a  jury,  in  the  exercise  of  a  sound  discretion,  upon 
proper  evidence.  Suppose  that  fruit  is  insured,  and  the  vessel 
has  a  long  passage,  in  which,  by  ordinary  waste  and  decay,  it 
must  suffer  some  deterioration,  and  then  a  storm  occurs,  in 
which  it  suffers  other  positive  damage  and  injury,  or  there  is  a 
jettison  thereof;  how  are  we  to  ascertain  what  diminution  is  to 
be  attributed  to  natural  waste  and  decay,  and  what  to  the  perils 
of  the  seas?  or  what  was  its  true  value  at  the  time  of  the  jetti- 
son? There  can  be  no  positive  and  absolute  certainty.  The 
most  that  can  be  done,  is  to  ascertain,  by  the  exercise  of  a  sound 
judgment,  what,  under  all  the  circumstances,  may  reasonably 
be  attributed  to  one  cause,  and  what  to  the  other.  Absolute 
certainty  in  cases  of  this  sort  is  unattainable.  All  that  we  can 
arrive  at  is  by  an  approximation  thereto ;  and  yet  no  man  ever 
doubted  that  such  a  loss  must  be  paid  for  if  it  is  covered  by  the 
pohcy."  1^'  ** 

§  1310a.  Damage  imported  from  the  circumstances. 

In  some  cases  the  circumstances  themselves  import  dam- 
age, and  no  independent  evidence  of  damage  need  be  offered. 

So  in  actions  against  banks  for  dishonoring  checks,  sub- 
stantial damages  are  recoverable  without  any  proof  of  dam- 
ages if  the  case  is  such  that  imports  damages.  In  the  earlier 
cases  it  was  held  that  while  for  a  refusal  to  pay  money,  as  in 
case  of  a  note,  only  the  money  due  could  be  recovered,  still  if 
the  declaration  showed  plaintiff  to  be  a  trader  and  the  cause  of 
action  was  dishonoring  his  check  or  draft,  he  could  recover 
damages  without  proving  special  damage,  because  the  fact 
that  he  was  a  trader  imported  such  damage.  Now,  it  seems 
to  be  the  doctrine  of  the  American  cases  that  the  act  in  itself 
imports  injury  and  that  special  damages  need  not  be  alleged 
or  proved  in  any  case.^^°    Another  class  of  cases  is  nuisances; 

"'  Rogers  v.  Mechanics'  Ins.  Co.,  1  i»  Georgia:   Atlanta   Nat.    Bank   v. 

Story,  603,  609.  Davis,  96  Ga.  334,  23  S.  E.  190. 


§  1310a        DAMAGE   IMPORTED   FROM   CIRCUMSTANCES  2651 

in  many  cases  of  nuisances  damages  are  given  which  are  inca- 
pable of  any  estimation  by  evidence. ^^^ 

lUinois:  Schaffner  v.  Ehrman,   139  England:  Prehn  v.  Royal  Bank,  L.  R. 

lU.  109,  28  N.  E.  917,  15  L.  R.  A.  135.  5  Ex.  92. 

Pennsylvania:  Patterson  v.   Marine  Ante,  §  171a. 

Nat.  Bank,  130  Pa.  419,  18  Atl.  632.  >"  Van  Fossen  v.  Clark,  113  la.  86, 

Tennessee:  J.  M.  James  Co.  v.  Con-  84    N.    W.    989;    Wood,    Nuisances, 

tinental  Nat.  Bank,  105  Tenn.  1,  58  §866. 
S.  W.  261,  51  L.  R.  A.  255. 


CHAPTER  LVII 


COXJET  AND  JURY 


1311. 

Relative  power  of  judge  and 

§  1318. 

Exemplary  damages — Aggra- 

jury. 

vation  and  mitigation. 

1312. 

Analogies    of    Roman    juris- 

1318a. 

Double  and  treble  damages. 

prudence. 

1319. 

Modifications — Setting   aside 

1313. 

Formulae. 

verdict. 

1314. 

Changes  wrought  by  the  Em- 

1320. 

Instructions  on  questions  of 

pire. 

damages. 

1315. 

Origin   and   development   of 

1321. 

Effect  of  erroneous  instruc- 

the   Anglo-Saxon    judicial 

tions. 

procedure. 

1322. 

Power  of  jury  to  act  without 

1316. 

Former  indefinite  separation 

evidence  of  damages. 

between  province  of  court 

1323. 

Wrong  measure  of  damages 

and  of  jury. 

adopted  by  jury. 

1317. 

Present   separation  of  func- 

1324. 

Modes  of  computing  damages 

tions. 

allowed  the  jury. 

§  1311.  Relative  power  of  judge  and  jury. 

*  As  the  final  decision  of  every  case  involving  an  issue  of 
fact  is  pronounced  by  the  jury  in  giving  their  verdict,  and  as 
that  verdict  also  expresses  the  amount  of  compensation  which 
the  party  in  fault  is  to  make,  it  is  plain  that,  unless  the  court 
retain  to  itself  some  control  over  the  action  of  the  jury,  their 
power  over  the  subject  of  remuneration  would  be  practically 
unlimited.  We  have,  then,  yet  to  see  what  remedy  is  provided 
if  the  jury  disregard  the  rules  laid  down  for  their  government; 
and  this  necessarily  brings  us  to  a  consideration  of_the  relative 
powers  of  the  judge  and  the  jury. 


§  1312.  Analogies  of  Roman  jurisprudence. 

One  of  the  most  marked  pecuHarities  of  the  Anglo-American 
system  of  jurisprudence,  perhaps  its  most  striking  feature, 
is  that  division  of  power  by  which  the  decision  of  questions 
of  law  is  given  to  the  court,  and  that  of  questions  of  fact  to 
the  jury.  It  is  an  error  to  suppose  that  this  division  is  alto- 
gether peculiar  to  our  system,  or  that  it  is  exclusively  of  EngUsh 
2652 


§  1312  ANALOGIES    OF   ROMAN   JURISPRUDENCE  2653 

origin.  The  recent  labors  of  the  German  scholars,  assisted 
by  the  discovery  of  Gains,  in  1816,  have  disclosed  the  true  nature 
of  the  procedure  by  the  formula  in  the  republican  period  of  the 
Roman  jurisprudence;  and  the  analogies  that  it  furnishes  on 
the  present  branch  of  our  subject  are  too  striking  to  be  over- 
looked. 

The  despotism  of  Augustus  and  his  successors  introduced 
changes  into  the  administration  of  justice  analogous  to  those 
which  it  wrought  in  the  general  framework  of  the  imperial 
government.  Its  peculiar  characteristics  were  centralization 
and  despotism;  it  estabUshed  in  all  branches  of  the  system  a 
gradation  of  ranks,  deriving  their  existence  from  and  dependent 
upon  the  will  of  the  emperor  alone,  and  it  destroyed  every 
vestige  of  popular  action.  The  first  and  most  important  of 
these  changes  in  the  machinery  of  the  law  was  by  abolishing 
the  judices  or  jurors,  to  make  the  judges  absolute  masters 
of  the  whole  cause,  subject  only  to  the  right  of  appeal;  which, 
in  probably  all  cases,  might  carry  the  suitor  before  the  Csesar 
himself;  and  this  led  directly  to  the  adoption  of  written  and 
secret  instead  of  oral  and  pubUc  discussion.  Thus  was  pro- 
duced the  system  which,  in  its  general  outhne,  ruled  continen- 
tal Europe  almost  exclusively  till  the  adoption  of  the  Code 
Napoleon. 

But  the  plan  on  which  justice  was  administered  at  Rome  in 
the  time  of  Cicero,  perhaps  the  most  truly  great  period  of  its 
development,  was  very  different.  The  Romans  during  their 
republican  epoch  were  too  jealous  of  power  to  give  to  the 
judiciary  an  uncontrolled  authority  over  questions  both  of  law 
and  fact.  The  judicial  functions  were  divided,  as  with  us, 
by  an  analogous  and  in  some  cases  by  an  identical  line.  The 
suit  was  instituted  before  a  magistrate,  usually  the  praetor; 
and  the  proceedings  bef  o*re  him  were  termed  in  jure.  Here  the 
cause  of  action  was  stated,  the  defence  set  up,  and  the  issue 
whether  of  law  or  of  fact  formed.  In  other  words,  the  plead- 
ings were  put  in.  To  this  issue  was  then  joined  the  instructions 
proper  for  its  trial,  and  the  issue  and  instructions  together  were 
termed  the  formula.  A  judex  or  referee  was  then  appointed. 
This  was  called^datio  judicis.  The  cause  was  then  turned  over 
to  him;  and  he  decided  the  question  submitted  to  him,  accord- 


2654  COURT  AND  JURY  §  1313 

ing  to  the  instructions  contained  in  the  formula.  The  proceed- 
ings before  him  were  termed  in  judicio. 

§  1313.  Formulae. 

The  formula  succeeded  the  old  hgis  actiones,  which,  by  their 
technical  severity,  had  become  odious.  These  forms  were 
abolished,  and  the  formula  introduced,  by  the  Lex  Abulia,  the 
precise  date  of  which  is  uncertain,  but  the  better  opinion  would 
seem  to  be  that  it  was  passed  early  in  the  seventh  century  of 
the  city,  or  not  long  before  the  period  of  Cicero.^ 

The  formulae  were  of  two  kinds,  according  as  they  turned  on 
questions  of  law  or  questions  of  fact,  formulae  in  jus  conceptoe 
and  formulae  in  factum  conceptce.  A  single  instance  of  the 
latter  kind  will  sufficiently  exhibit  their  character:  Judex  esto; 
si  paret  A.  Agerium  apud  N^  Negidium  mensam  argenteam 
deposuisse  eamque  dolo  malo  N.  Negidii  A.  Agerio  redditam 
non  esse,  quanti  ea  res  erit  tantam  pecuniam  judex  N.  Negidium 
A.  Agerio  condemnato;  si  non  paret,  absolve.    Which  may  be 

rendered  thus:  Let  this  cause  be  referred  to .     If  it  shall 

appear  that  A.  Agerius  deposited  a  silver  table  with  N.  Negid- 
ius,  and  that  through  the  fraud  of  the  latter  it  has  not  been 
returned  to  the  owner,  let  the  judge  condemn  N.  Negidius 
to  pay  to  A.  Agerius  its  value.  If  it  shall  not  so  appear,  let 
him  decide  for  the  defendant.  This  is  precisely  such  a  charge 
as  might  be  given  to  a  jury  any  day  in  an  English  or  American 
court. 

There  is  a  passage  in  Cicero,  where,  while  denoimcing  the 
perversion  of  the  administration  of  justice  under  Verres  in 
Sicily,  he  gives  a  very  striking  picture  of  the  uses  and  abuses 
of  this  division  of  the  judicial  functions.^  "No  one,"  he  ex- 
claims, "can  hold  or  recover  his  house,  his  estate,  his  paternal 
property,  if,  when  they  are  sued  for,  a  dishonest  praetor,  from 
whom  there  is  no  appeal,  appoints  any  one  whom  he  pleases 
judge;  or  if  a  profligate  and  worthless  judge  decides  what  the 
praetor  orders;  or  if,  again,  the  praetor  so  frame  the  order 
(formula)  that  not  even  the  wisest  and  best  judge  can  decide 
otherwise.  If,  for  instance,  he  appoints  L.  Octavius  (an  un- 
exceptionable man)  judex  with  the  formula,  if  it  shall  appear 

1  Gaius  by  Heff,  cap.  vii,  p.  23.  « In  Verr.  II,  1.  2,  §  12. 


§§  1314,  1315  ANGLO-SAXON   PEOCEDURE  2655 

that  the  property  in  controversy  belongs  to  P.  Servilius,  order  him 
to  deliver  it  to  Catulus,  is  not  Octavius  forced  to  compel  Servilius 
to  deliver  the  property  to  Catulus,  although  it  do  not  belong 
to  him?"  This  is  precisely  what  might  occur  under  our  pro- 
cedure, if  the  judge  were  corrupt;  and  without  any  corruption, 
it  is  precisely  the  error  which  the  system  of  exceptions  to  the 
charge  is  intended  to  correct. 

The  formula  thus  took  the  place  of  our  charge  to  the  jury. 
As  that  charge  does,  it  stated  hypothetically  the  verdict  or 
judgment  to  be  rendered,  and  gave  the  instructions  according 
to  which  the  issue  should  be  decided.  The  only  material 
difference  is,  that  it  was  in  some  cases  given  before  the  witnesses 
were  heard.  The  state  of  facts  was  therefore  assumed  to 
appear  correctly  in  the  allegations  of  the  parties;  and  the  in- 
structions of  law  arising  on  these  facts  were  given  before  the 
testimony  was  taken.  This  may  now  appear  awkward  and 
inconvenient,  but  does  not  in  principle  differ  from  our  own 
mode. 

§  1314.  Changes  wrought  by  the  empire. 

This  system  was,  as  has  been  already  said,  effaced  by  the 
despotism  of  the  empire.  The  independence  of  such  a  judiciary 
was,  of  course,  hostile  to  that  centraUzation  which  was  the 
essence  of  the  imperial  organization;  the  judices  were  aboUshed, 
and  the  decision  of  the  entire  cause  given  to  the  court  alone. 
This  resulted  in  the  aboUtion  of  all  oral  discussion;  and  such 
was  the  system  in  force  at  the  time  when  the  Institutes  of 
Justinian  condensed  and  embodied  the  Roman  law.  Such, 
too,  was  the  system  which  was  adopted  when  civilization  re- 
sumed its  progress  in  continental  Europe,  and  so  it  remained 
till  the  French  reforms  introduced  the  jury  in  certain  cases. 

§  1315.  Origin  and  development  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  judicial 
procedure. 

In  the  meantime,  however,  in  the  island  inhabited  by  that 
great  people  from  whom  we  derive  our  origin,  a  system  anal- 
ogous to  the  Roman  system  in  its  best  days  had  grown  up; 
a  system  of  unknown  origin,  whether  a  relic  of  Roman,  or  a 
child  of  German  liberty,  it  is  perhaps  impossible  now  to  say 


2656  COURT  AND  JURY  §  1316 

but  marked  by  very  peculiar  and  distinct  features,  and  claim- 
ing as  its  chief  merits  two  great  principles,  oral  and  public 
discussion,  and  a  division  of  the  judicial  functions  between 
the  court  and  the  jvu-y.'  ** 

§  1316.  Former  indefinite  separation  between  province  of 
court  and  of  jury. 
*  It  is  very  plain,  from  the  early  records  of  our  jurisprudence, 
imperfect  as  they  are,  that  the  relative  powers  of  the  court  and 
the  jury  were  at  first  very  loosely  defined,  and  that  many  im- 
portant changes  and  modifications  have  been  from  time  to 
time  introduced.  So,  originally,  the  jxu-ors  were  the  witnesses 
themselves,  and  found  their  verdict  on  their  own  knowledge  of 
the  facts.  And  in  a  very  large  class  of  cases,  not  falling  within 
those  in  which  exemplary  damages  may  be  claimed  the  jury 
exercised  an  almost  unlimited  control  over  the  subject  of  re- 
muneration. On  the  other  hand,  the  com-t,  in  many  cases  of 
default  and  demurrer,  took  the  disposition  of  the  facts  of  the 
case  to  themselves,  and  pronounced  the  judgment.  Thus,  it 
was  at  one  time  held  that  the  court  could  dispose  of  the  case  if 
the  plea  were  sent  to  be  tried  in  a  foreign  county,  for  the  jury 
there  had  not  full  knowledge  of  the  fact.*  And  so,  where  the 
court  could  increase-  damages,  it  was  held  they  could  mitigate 
them.*  So,  also,  in  an  early  author,  it  is  said,  that  "though  the 
justices  use  to  award  inquest  of  damages  when  they  give  judg- 
ment by  default,  yet  they  themselves  may  tax  the  damages  if 
they  will."  ^  So,  too,  from  another  early  case,  where  judgment 
was  given  by  default,  it  seems  clear  that  the  judges  originally 

'  Nor  is  the  division  of  power  be-  ensemble  dans  une  longite  alternative  de 

tween  the  magistrate  and  the  judex,  the  lutte  et  de  rapprochement,  jusque  ce  que 

only  important  analogy  between  the  le  temps  ait  ameni  leur  fiisimi  plus  ou 

Roman  and  the  English  systems  of  ju-  mains    complete.  ...     Sa  formule   la 

risprudence.     Two  different  and  dis-  plus  large  et  la  plv^  haute  c'est  le  jus 

tinct  bodies  of  law,  as  distinct  and  dif-  civile  et  I'aequitas,  sans  cesse  opposes  I'un 

ferent  as  common  law  and  equity  with  d  I'autre,  comme  deux  principes  disUncts 

us,  existed  in  the  early  days  of  the  Ro-  et  inegaux.     De-  I'Influence  du  Chris- 

man  system.    La  civilization  Romaine,  tianisme  sur  le  Droit  Civil  des  Romains 

says  Troplong,  s'est  developpee  sous  I'in-  par  M.  Troplong,  oh.  iii. 
fl/uence  de  deux  elemens,   qu'on  pour-         *  1  Rol.  572,  1.  50. 
rait  en  quelgue  sorte  appeler  de  premi&re         '  1  Rol.  572,  1.  25-8;  573,  1.  7. 
et  de  seconde  formation,  et  qui  ont  vecu         '  Viner  Abr.  Dam.  1,  3. 


§  1316         PROVINCE  OF  COURT  AND  JURY  2657 

might  award  damages  without  the  intervention  of  a  writ  of 
inquiry.^  So,  too,  on  demurrer,  and  in  actions  of  debt,  the  sum 
being  certain,  this  power  seems  to  have  been  exercised  at  a 
much  later  day.* 

The  following  case  shows  the  unsettled  condition  of  the  law 
in  the  respect  we  are  now  considering.  A  motion  being  made 
to  increase  damages,  because  the  jury  had  only  given  twelve 
pence,  whereas  the  plaintiff's  arm  was  broken;  RoUe,  C.  J., 
refused,  because  it  did  not  appear  by  the  declaration  what 
manner  of  maiming  it  was  that  he  received.'  It  was  early 
decided,  however,  that  the  justices  of  Nisi  Prius  could  not  in- 
crease the  damages,^"  nor  the  court  on  the  certificate  of  the 
justices  of  Nisi  Prius."**  The  court,  at  a  comparatively 
early  day,  refused  to  increase  the  damages  on  an  affidavit  of  all 
the  jurors,  that  they  had  thought  the  effect  of  their  verdict 
would  be  to  give  the  plaintiff  more  than  it  did,  when  the  ap- 
plication was  made  "at  a  distance  of  time  after  trial."  ^^ 

In  certain  cases,  however,  the  power  of  the  court  over  the 
verdict  was  allowed.  So,  in  some  instances,  on  bills  of  exchange, 
the  coiu't  assessed  the  damages  without  the  intervention  of  a 
jury.i'  So,  in  case  of  mayhem,  the  courts  exercised  the  power 
of  altering,  and  even  increasing  the  verdict.  Thus,  where  a 
verdict  had  been  found  for  the  plaintiff  of  £150,  and  it  was 
moved  to  increase  the  damages,  Lee,  C.  J.,  said:  "There  is  no 
doubt  but  the  coiu-t  can  increase  the  damages  in  this  case,  even 
upon  view  of  the  party  maimed."  But  they  held  the  £150 
sufficient,  and  discharged  the  rule.^*    By  the  practice  which 

'  So  says  Brooke,  Dam.,  pi.  55.    Le  "  Robinson  v.   Reynolds,   2   Q.   B. 

(fe/.  fist  defaut  el  le  pV  recouer'  dams  a  196;  Clement  v.  Lewis,   3  Br.   &  B. 

iv,  li.  taxe  p.  I'court  et  non  dam.  come  il  297.     So  in  New  York  the  damage 

count,  quod  nota  q.  le  court  mesm,e  taxa  could  be  assessed  by  the  clerk,  on  prom- 

les  Damages.  issory  notes,  bills,  etc.,  but  not  on  the 

'  Bro.,  Dam.,  pi.  56:  Sur  demur,  in  common  counts  nor  unliquidated  de- 

Uy,  le  court  poet  agard  damag  sauns  in-  manda;  and  in  regard  to  this,  several 

quire  de  ceo  per  curiam  qd.  nota.    Vide,  cases    have    been    decided.      Burr    v. 

also  pJ.  59,  68,  194.    See  Sayer  on  Dam-  Waterman,  2  Cow.  36,  n.;  Golden  v. 

ages,  ch.  xx,  105;  Holdipp  v.  Otway,  2  Knickerbacker,  2  Cow.  31;  Rogers  v. 

Sand.  102;  21  Car.  2,  Sayer,  107.  Coleman,   3  Cow.   62;  Beard  v.  Van 

'  Jervis  v.  Lucas,  Style,  345.  Wickle,  3  Cow.  335;  Seeber  v.  Yates,  6 

i»  1  Rol.  573,  1.  30.  Cow.  40. 

"  1  Rol.  572,  1.  20.  "  Brown  v.  Seymour,  1  Wils.  5. 

"  Jackson  v.  Williamson,  2  T.  R.  281. 

167 


2658  COURT  AND  JURY  §  1317 

prevailed  for  a  time,  the  court,  in  actions  for  injuries  to  the 
person,  itself  often  took  a  view  of  the  injury,  and  thereupon 
increased  or  mitigated  the  damages  found  by  the  jury  accord- 
ing to  its  judgment. ^^  So  where  in  such  a  case  a  jury  gave 
twenty  marks  damages,  on  a  view  in  court,  and  information 
of  the  surgeons  present,  the  court  increased  the  damages,  be- 
cause the  party  lost  the  use  of  his  arm.^^  And  as  lately  as 
1856,  an  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  circuit  judge  denying  a 
motion  to  increase  the  damages  super  visum  vulneris  was 
formally  argued  before  the  South  Carolina  Court  of  Appeals, 
in  an  action  of  trespass  vi  ei  armis,  where  the  jury  had  awarded 
the  moderate  sum  of  $30  for  a  mayhem,  whereby  one  of  the 
plaintiff's  eyes  and  his  right  thumb  were  destroyed.  The 
court  held  that  the  old  common-law  practice,  on  which,  the 
motion  was  founded,  had  been  abrogated  by  disuse.  The  rule 
gradually  developed  was  now  long  established,  that  in  all  cases 
sounding  in  damages,  these  damages  are  to  be  assessed  by  a 
jury  under  the  direction  of  the  court,  and  not  by  the  court 
independently  of  the  jury."  *  But  the  fluctuations  and  os- 
cillations of  the  system  have  been  gradually  corrected  and 
brought  under  fixed  rules.  The  progress  of  time  and  the  ac- 
cumulation of  experience  enable  us  now  to  draw  the  lines  of 
demarcation  with  great  clearness,  and  the  complication  of 
the  machinery  disappears  when  carefully  examined. 

§  1317.  Present  separation  of  functions. 

The  first  leading  proposition  on  which  the  whole  structure 
of  our  system  depends  is,  that  the  court  decides  all  questions 
of  law.  Statutes  are  expounded,  contracts  interpreted,  writ- 
ten instruments  construed,  evidence  admitted  or  excluded, 
by  the  court  and  by  the  court  alone.**  And  it  necessarily 
follows  from  this,  that  if  the,  jury  disregard  the  instructions 
of  the  court  on  any  question  of  law,  their  verdict  will  be  set 
aside.  It  is  by  the  exercise  of  this  power  alone  that  the  control 
of  the  com-t  over  questions  of  law  can  be  preserved.    The 

1*  See  the  cases  collected  in  RoUe's  "  McCoy   v.  Lemon,   11   Rich.   L. 

Abr.,  pp.  571,  572;  also,  Broske,  Dam.  165. 

49,  86,  87.  •»  U.  S.  v.  Hodge,  6  How.  279,  12  L. 

'*  Freeman  v.  Trevers,  1  Rol.  Abr.  ed.  437. 
572. 


§  1318  EXEMPLARY  DAMAGES  2659 

correlative  proposition  to  this  is,  that  the  jury  decides  all 
questions  of  fact.  Where  the  facts  are  admitted,  the  rights  of 
the  parties  must  depend  on  a  pure  question  of  law,  and  they 
are,  of  course,  under  the  control  of  the  court;  but  the  instant 
that  an  issue  of  fact  is  presented,  the  decision  of  the  cause 
passes  from  the  court  to  the  jury.  The  rule  giving  the  jury 
the  decision  of  all  questions  of  fact,  if  no  exception  were  ad- 
mitted, would,  as  has  been  said,  effectually  make  the  jury 
masters  of  the  whole  matter  in  controversy.  Various  modi- 
fications have,  therefore,  been  introduced  to  it,**  as  for  instance 
that  the  discretion  of  the  jury  must  be  based  upon  facts  and 
circumstances  proved  in  the  case,^^  and  in  some  cases  the  rule 
is  changed  by  statutory  enactment.  Thus,  the  Revised 
Statutes  of  Indiana  have  abrogated  the  common-law  rule, 
that,  in  an  action  of  tort,  the  court  cannot  assess  the  damages. 
Under  that  provision  the  right  to  a  jury  trial  of  the  question 
of  damages  is  waived  by  not  appearing.^"  And,  in  Louisiana, 
the  Supreme  Court  have  power  to  increase  the  damage  on 
appeal.^i  And  it  is  well  settled  that  provisions  of  law  provid- 
ing for  the  ascertainment  of  damages  without  the  intervention 
of  a  jury,  in  the  case  of  the  taking  of  land  under  the  right  of 
eminent  domain,  do  not  violate  the  constitutional  requirement 
of  trial  by  jury.^^ 

§  1318.  Exemplary  damages— Aggravation  and  mitigation. 

We  have  already  seen  ^'  that  the  allowance  and  amount 
of  exemplary  damages  is  a  question  for  the  jury.  The  court 
has,  as  in  every  case  involving  the  determination  of  questions 
of  fact,  the  right  to  instruct  the  jury  that  there  is  no  evidence 
to  justify  them  in  allowing  exemplary  damages,  and  it  is  error 
to  submit  the  question  of  exemplary  damages  to  the  jury  if 
there  is  no  such  evidence;  ^^  and  the  court  has  the  power  in 
this,  as  in  any  other  case,  of  setting  aside  the  verdict  as  exces- 

"laeger  v.  Metcalf,   11  Ariz.  283,  New  York:  Beekman  v.  Saratoga  & 

94  Pac.  1094.  S.  R.  R.,  3  Pai.  45. 

»  Langdon  v.  Bullock,  8  Ind.  341.  See  McDuffee  v.  Fellows,  157  Mich. 

21  DonneU  v.  Sandford,  11  La.  Ann.  664,  122  N.  W.  276. 

645.  "  §§  387,  388. 

'^  United  States:  Bonaparte  v.  Cam-  ^*  Lexington  Ry.  v.  Fain,  80  S.  W. 

den  &  A.  R.  R.,  1  Bald.  205.  463,  25  Ky.  L.  Rep.  2243. 


2660  COURT  AND  JURY  §§  1318a,  1319 

sive.^^  But  if  there  is  any  evidence  which  would  justify  the 
jury  in  allowing  exemplary  damages,  the  question  whether 
such  damages  shall  be  allowed,  and  if  so,  what  the  amount  of 
them  shall  be,  is  entirely  for  the  jury,  and  a  direction  that  they 
shall  give  exemplary  damages  is  erroneous.^® 

Upon  the  same  principle  the  amount  of  weight  to  be  allowed 
evidence  in  mitigation  or  aggravation  is  entirely  for  the  jury; 
and  it  would  seem  that  the  question  whether  certain  evidence 
tends  to  mitigate  or  aggravate  damages  is  one  of  fact  for  the 
jury."  It  has,  however,  been  said  in  Missouri  ^*  that  "what 
circumstances  will  mitigate  or  aggravate  a  wrong  done,  is  a 
question  of  law,  and  if  any  such  circumstances  exist,  they  should 
be  pointed  out  by  the  court. 

§  1318a.  Double  and  treble  damages. 

Where  a  plaintiff  is  entitled  to  double  or  treble  damages  it  is 
immaterial  whether  the  jury  find  actual  damages  and  they  are 
multiplied  by  the  court,  or  the  jury  themselves  find  the  multi- 
ple amount.  ^^  In  New  York  it  has  been  held  that  when  the 
plaintiff  is  entitled  to  recover  treble  damages  unless  it  appears 
from  the  record  that  the  verdict  is  for  single  damages,  it  will 
be  presumed  that  the  treble  value  was  found.  ^^ 

§  1319.  Modifications— Setting  aside  verdict. 

*  In  the  first  place,  a  verdict  may  be  set  aside  because  it  is 
against  the  weight  of  testimony.  This  power  is,  however,  very 
sparingly  exercised;  and  on  mere  questions  of  fact  the  court 
always  interferes  with  great  hesitation  and  reluctance.  So,  a 
verdict  will  not  be  disturbed  merely  because  it  appears  that 

=">  §  388.  Nm-th  Carolina:  Blow  v.  Joyner,  72 

=«  Neeb  v.  Hope,   111  Pa.   145;  see  S.  E.  319. 

§  387.  2'  See  §  52. 

Therefore  a  verdict  cannot  be  set  '^  Rains  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry., 

aside  because  the  jury  failed  to  include  71  Mo.  164,  36  Am.  Rep.  459. 

exemplary  damages.  29  Colorado:  Richards  v.  Sanderaon, 

New  York:  Rockefeller  v.  Lamora,  39  Colo.  270,  89  Pac.  769. 

106  App.  Div.  345,  94  N.  Y.  Supp.  549.  Smdh    Dakota:    Jensen     v.     South 

Tennessee:  Simpson  v.  Markwood,  6  Dakota  Cent.  Ry.,  25  S.  D.  406,  127 

Baxt.  340.  N.  W.  650. 

And  the  amount  must  be  left  entirely  Ante,  §  930a. 

to  the  jury.  ^  Prignitz  v.   McTieman,   18  Misc. 

Georgia:  Selman  v.  Barnett,  4  Ga.  651,  43  N.  Y.  Supp.  974. 
App.  375,  61  S.  E,  501. 


§  1320         INSTRUCTIONS   ON   QUESTIONS   OF  DAMAGES  2661 

the  jury  have  reasoned  incorrectly.  In  a  case  in  the  EngUsh 
Common  Pleas,  Maule,  J.,  said:  "We  are  not,  however,  to  set 
aside  a  verdict  because  the  jury,  one  or  all  of  them,  may  have 
reasoned  inconclusively.  If  such  a  doctrine  were  to  prevail, 
scarcely  any  verdict  would  stand.  The  trial  by  jury  is  not 
founded  upon  a  supposition  so  absurd,  as  that  the  whole  twelve 
will  reason  infallibly  from  the  premises  to  the  conclusion." 

So,  again,  where  a  judge  who  tries  a  cause  in  trespass  rec- 
ommends a  verdict  for  nominal  damages,  but  the  jury  give 
substantial  damages  (£5),  such  a  verdict  will  not  be  set  aside 
as  perverse. '1  And  this  rule  has  been  repeatedly  affirmed  in 
this  country.  So,  in  Mississippi,  it  has  been  decided  that  a 
verdict  will  always  be  permitted  to  stand,  unless  it  is  opposed 
by  a  decided  preponderance  of  the  evidence,  or  is  based  on  no 
evidence  whatever;  ^^  and,  in  Texas,  that  the  verdict  of  a  jury 
founded  on  conflicting  testimony  will  not  be  set  aside,  unless 
it  be  very  apparent  that  they  decided  wrongly. '' 

§  1320."  Instructions  on  questions  of  damages. 

The  jury  should  have  such  guidance  from  the  court,  in  the 
form  of  instructions  on  the  law  of  damages  apphcable  to  the 
facts  shown  as  will  enable  them  to  understand  and  act  upon 
the  evidence.'*  And  the  instructions  should  state  the  law  in 
sufficient  detail,  and  not,  by  too  general  a  charge,  give  the  jury 
a  "roving  commission"  to  find  such  damages  as  they  please.'^ 

■^  For  §  1320  of  the  eighth  .edition  see  Illinois:  Haisler  v,  Hayden,  124  Dl. 

§  1325.  App.  264. 

'•  Chilvers  v.  Greaves,  5  Man.  &  Gr.  Indiana:  Monongahela  R.  C.  C.  & 

578.  C.  Co.  V.  Hardsaw,  169  Ind.  147,  81 

»2  acely  V.  State  of  Mississippi,  13  N.  E.  492;  Knoefel  v.  Atkins  (Ind.),  81 

Sm.  &  M.  202.  N.  E.   601;   Chicago  &  E.  R.  R.  v. 

8»  Perry  v.  Robinson,  2  Tex.  400.  Fretz,  173  Ind.  519,  90  N.  E.  76. 

"  Missouri:  Howes  v.  Kansas  City  Kentucky:  Lexington  Ry.  v.  Herring, 

S.   Y.    Co.,    103  Mo.    60,    15   S.    W.  97  S.  W.  1127,  30  Ky.  L.  Rep.  269; 

751.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Farris^,  100  S. 

Nebraska:  Hoover  v.  Haynes,  65  Neb.  W.  870,  30  Ky.  Law  Rep.  1193. 

557,  93  N.  W.  732.  Mississippi:  Carbolineum  W.  P.  & 

Pennsylvania:  Pauza  v.  Lehigh  V.  C.  M.  Co.  v.  Meyer,  76  Miss.  586,  25  So. 

Co.,  231  Pa.  577,  80  Atl.  1126.  297. 

Texas:  Lyon  v.  Bedgood  (Tex.  Civ.  Missouri:  Camp  v.  Wabash  R.  R.,  94 

App.),  117  S.  W.  897.  Mo.  App.  272,  68  S.  W.  96. 

''  Alabama:  Southern  Ry.  v.  Cooh-  New  York:  Rhodes  v.  Union  Ry.,  52 

ran,  149  Ala.  673,  42  So.  100.  Misc.  501,  102  N.  Y.  Supp.  510. 


2662 


COURT  AND  JURY 


§1321 


If  no  assistance  is  given  to  the  jury  by  the  court,  the  verdict 
cannot  be  upheld;^*  though  in  a  few  cases  it  is  said  that  if  the 
losing  party  takes  no  exception  to  the  lack  of  a  definite  charge 
he  cannot  complain  of  it  after  the  verdict."  Where  a  correct 
charge  has  been  given,  it  is  not  error  to  refuse  additional  in- 
structions.'^ 

A  charge  which  is  not  based  on  evidence  is  misleading  and 
erroneous;  '^  so  is  a  charge  which  properly  and  fairly  under- 
stood, permits  the  jury  to  give  double  damages.** 


§  1321."  Effect  of  erroneous  instructions. 

An  erroneous  instruction  cannot  be  alleged  as  ground  for  a 
new  trial  by  a  party  who  asked  for  it,  *^  or  where  it  was  erro- 
neous because  based  on  facts  erroneously  accepted  as  true. 


Wisconsin:  Guinard  v.  Knapp,  Stout 
&  Co.,  95  Wis.  482,  70  N.  W.  671. 

In  Pittsburgh,  C,  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry.  v. 
Collins  (Ind.),  80  N.  E.  415,  the  in- 
structions were  held  sufficiently  pre- 
cise. 

"  For  §  1321  of  the  eighth  edition 
see  §  1326. 

^^  New  York:  Barr  v.  Schefer,  118 
App.  Div.  834,  103  N.  Y.  Supp.  733. 

Tennessee:  Citizens'  St.  R.  R.  v. 
Burke,  98  Tenn.  650,  40  S.  W.  1085. 

"  United  States:  United  States  Smelt- 
ing Co.  V.  Parry,  166  Fed.  407,  92  C.  C. 
A.  159. 

Missouri:  Wheeler  v.  Bowles,  163 
Mo.  398,  63  S.  W.  675. 

Texas:  Galveston  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Parish,  45  Tex.  Civ.  App.  493,  100  S. 
W.  1175. 

^'Colorado:  Denver  C.  T.  Co.  v. 
Hills,  50  Colo.  328,  116  Pac.  125. 

Kentucky:  Exchange  Bank  v.  Gaits- 
kill,  37  S.  W.  160,  18  Ky.  L.  Rep.  532. 

Texas:  Lyon  v.  Bedgood  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  117  S.  W.  897. 

"  Iowa:  O'Connor  v.  Chicago,  R.  I. 
&  P.  Ry.,  144  la.  289,  122  N.  W.  947. 

New  York:  Clarke  v.  Westcott,  37 
N.  Y.  Supp.  1111;  Gilbertson  v.  Forty- 
second  St.  M.  &  S.  N.  A.  Ry.,  43  N.  Y. 
Supp.  782,  14  App.  Div.  294;  Cam- 


paretti  v.  Union  Ry.,  95  App.  Div.  66, 
88  N.  Y.  Supp.  425. 

*"  Georgia:  Southern  Ry.  v.  Jordan, 
129  Ga.  665,  59  S.  E.  802. 

Kentucky:  Doerhoefer  v.  Shew- 
maker,  123  Ky.  646,  97  S.  W.  7. 

Missouri:  Westervelt  v.  St.  Louis 
Transit  Co.,  222  Mo.  325,  121  S.  W. 
114  (semble). 

Texas:  Texas  Cent.  Ry.  v.  Brock,  88 
Tex.  310,  31  S.  W.  500. 

Washington:  Simons  v.  Cissna,  52 
Wash.  115,  100  Pac.  200. 

The  courts  in  Texas  are  marvellously 
acute  in  finding  that  the  charge  per- 
mitted the  allowance  of  double  dam- 
ages. Ft.  Worth  &  R.  G.  Ry.  v.  Morris, 
45  Tex.  Civ.  App.  696,  101  S.  W.  1038; 
Beaumont  Traction  Co.  v.  Edge,  46 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  448,  102  S.  W.  746; 
Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Hibbitts,  49 
Tex.  Qv.  App.  419,  109  S.  W.  228;  St. 
Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  v.  Lane,  49  Tex. 
Civ.  App.  541,  110  S.  W.  530;  El  Paso 
&  S.  W.  R.  R.  V.  O'Keefe,  50  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  579,  110  S.  W.  1002;  Texas  Mid- 
land R.  R.  V.  Geraldon,  54  Tex.  Civ. 
71,  117  S.  W.  1004;  International  &  G. 
N.  R.  R.  V.  Hood,  55  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
334,  118  S.  W.  1119. 

"Andrews  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P. 
Ry.,  86  la.  677,  53  N.  W.  399. 


1322 


POWEE  OF  JtTRY 


2663 


during  the  trial,  by  both  parties;.  *^  nor  will  a  verdict  be  set 
aside  for  an  erroneous  instruction  which  cannot  have  preju- 
diced the  petitioner/'  or  when  the  error  related  to  a  separable 
item  of  damage  which  can  be  deducted  from  the  judgment/^ 
But  in  general  a  verdict  based  on  an  erroneous  charge  will 
be  set  aside,  no  matter  how  reasonable  in  itself,  or  how  cor- 
rect other  portions  of  the  charge  may  have  been.*^  By  the 
better  view,  if  the  error  affects  the  amount  of  damages  only  a 
new  trial  should  be  confined  to  the  question  of  damages.^" 


§  1322."  Power  of  jury  to  act  without  evidence  of  damages. 

Even  in  assessing  non-pecuniary  damages,  such  as  compen- 
sation for  pain  and  suffering,  the  jury  must  be  guided  by  the 
evidence,  and  cannot  go  counter  to  it  in  finding  their  verdict.*^ 

But  in  such  cases  the  evidence  cannot  definitely  fix  the 
damages,  and  wherever  the  evidence  leaves  the  amount  of 
damages  indefinite,  because  of  the  nature  of  the  case,  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  jury  to  find  the  amount  by  the  use  of  their  judg- 
ment and  general  knowledge.^ 


'^  For  §  1322  of  the  eighth  edition, 
see  §§  1329,  1330. 

"  Colorado:  Mountz  v.  Apt,  119  Pac. 
150. 

Missouri:  Taylor  v.  Scherpe  &  K.  A. 
I.  Co.,  133  Mo.  349,  34  S.  W.  581. 

*^  Michigan:  Durfee  v.  Newkirk,  83 
Mich.  522,  47  N.  W.  351. 

Nebraska:  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R. 
V.  Archer,  46  Neb.  907,  65  N.  W.  1043. 

New  York:  Powell  v.  Fletcher,  18  N. 
Y.  Supp.  451. 

**  Kansas:  Kansas  City,  M.  &  O.  Ry. 
V.  Turley,  71  Kan.  256,  80  Pac.  605. 

Pennsylvania:  Graham  v.  Keys,  29 
Pa.  189. 

South  Dakota:  Kime  v.  Bank  of  Edge- 
mont,  22  S.  D.  630,  119  N.  W.  1003. 

*'  Missouri:  Morris  v.  Grand  Ave. 
Ry.,  144  Mo.  500,  46  S.  W.  170. 

Texas:  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v. 
Godair,  3  Tex.  Civ.  App.  514,  22  S.  W. 
777;  International  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Cook  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  33  S.  W.  888. 

«Broughel  v.   Southern  N.  E.  T. 


Co.,  72  Conn.  617,  45  Atl.  435,  49  L. 
R.  A.  404. 

"  Alabama:  Seaboard  Mfg.  Co.  v. 
Woodson,  94  Ala.  143,  11  So.  733. 

Arkansas:  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 
V.  Dallas,  93  Ark.  209,  124  S.  W.  247. 

North  Carolina:  Shepard  v.  Western 
U.  T.  Co.,  143  N.  C.  244,  55  S.  E.  704. 

*»  Colorado:  Denver  C.  T.  Co.  v. 
Riley,  14  Colo.  App.  132,  59  Pac.  476 
(companionship  of  wife). 

Connecticut:  Harris  v.  Ansonia,  73 
Conn.  359,  47  Atl.  672  (shade  tree). 

Illinois:  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  v. 
Warner,  108  111.  538  (pain). 

Iowa:  Scurlock  v.  Boone,  142  la. 
684,  121  N.  W.  369. 

Kansas:  Chicago,  K.  &  W.  R.  R.  v. 
Willits,  45  Kan.  110,  25  Pac.  576  (in- 
jury to  land). 

Nebraska:  Ellison  v.  Brown,  43  Neb. 
68,  61  N.  W.  97  (feeUngs);  Flinn  v. 
Frederickson,  131  N.  W.  934  (pain). 

New  York:  Coimtryman  v.  Fonda,  J. 
&  G.  R.  R.,  166  N.  Y.  201,  59  N.  E.  822 


2664 


COURT  AND   JURY 


§1323 


§  1323.  Wrong  measure  of  damages  adopted  by  jury. 

Where  the  verdict  is  evidently  based  upon  an  erroneous 
measure  of  damages,  the  court  will  not  hesitate  to  set  it  aside.  *^ 
And  so  where  interest  was  not  recoverable,  the  court  directed 
it  to  be  remitted.*"  And  where  a  vaUd  counter-claim  was  over- 
looked in  estimating  damages  for  the  plaintiff,  the  verdict 
was  not  allowed  to  stand.  ^^  Where  no  damages  are  proved, 
and  the  case  does  not  admit  of  exemplary  damages,  a  verdict 
for  anything  more  than  a  nominal  sum  will  not  be  sustained.*^ 
And  where  exemplary  damages  have  been  improperly  allowed 
by  the  jury,  and  the  verdict  exceeds  the  amount  of  actual 
damages,  the  coiu-t  will  interfere.*' 

Where  the  loss  was  entirely  pecuniary,  and  the  damages 
are  much  greater  or  less  than  the  amount  proved  to  be  the 
plaintiff's  loss,  the  verdict  will  be  set  aside.**  Where  the  jiu-y 
is  known  to  have  included  in  the  verdict  an  improper  item  of 
damage,  the  verdict  wiU  not  be  set  aside  if  it  can  be  cured  by 
the  plaintiff  remitting  the  excess.**    But  if  it  is  impossible 


(death);  Femstein  v.  Jacobs,  15  Misc. 
474,  37  N.  Y.  Supp.  345  (loss  of  sup- 
port); Horowitz  V.  Hamburg  A.  P.  Co., 
41  N.  Y.  Supp.  54, 18  Misc.  24  (whether 
injury  permanent). 

See  ante,  §  170a. 

<'  United  States:  Palmer  v.  Fiske,  2 
Curt.  C.  C.  14. 

Kentucky:  Ray  v.  Jeffries,  86  Ky. 
367;  Bannon  v.  Rohmeiser,  34  S.  W. 
1084,  35  S.  W.  280,  17  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
1378. 

Neit)  Jersey:  Ellsworth  v.  Central  R. 
R.,  34  N.  J.  L.  93. 

England:  Creed  v.  Fisher,  9  Ex.  472. 

'"Connelly  v.  McNeil,  2  Jones  L. 
51. 

"  Havana,  R.  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  Walsh, 
85  111.  58. 

'2  Arkansas:  Smith  i/.  Houston,  25 
Ark.  183. 

California:  De  Briar  v.  Minturn,  1 
Cal.  450. 

Georgia:  Oakley  Mills  Manf.  Co.  v. 
Neese,  54  Ga.  459. 

Illinois:  Cochrane  ii.  Tuttic,  75  111. 


361;  Pittsburgh,  C.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  v. 
Dewin,  86  111.  296. 

''  Arkansas:  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S. 
Ry.  V.  Hall,  53  Ark.  7,  13  S.  W.  138. 

lUinois:  Toledo,  P.  &  W.  R.  R.  v. 
Patterson,  63  111.  304;  Farwell  v.  War- 
ren, 70  111.  28;  Becker  v.  Dupree,  75  111. 
167;  Hayes  v.  Parmalee,  79  111.  563; 
Kolb  V.  O'Brien,  86  111.  210. 

New  Hampshire:  Cram  v.  Hadley,  48 
N.  H.  191. 

"  Flonda:  Jacksonville  T.  &  K.  W. 
Ry.,  V.  Roberts,  22  Fla.  324. 

Illinois:  Cassell  v.  Hays,  51  111.  261. 

Indiana:  Nutter  v.  Junction  R.  R., 
13  Ind.  479. 

Kentucky:  Ray  v.  Jeffries,  86  Ky.  367. 

'*  United  States:  Bank  of  Kentucky 
V.  Ashley,  2  Pet.  327,  7  L.  ed.  440. 

Illinois:  Toledo,  W.  &  W.  Ry.  v. 
Beals,  50  111.  150. 

Maine:  Cyr  v.  Dufour,  62  Me.  20. 

Massachusetts:  Lambert  v.  Craig,  12 
Pick.  199. 

Minnesota:  Stickney  v.  Bronson,  5 
Minn.  215. 


§  1324  MODES  OF   COMPtrxlNG  DAMAGES  2665 

to  determine  how  the  jury  made  up  their  verdict,  so  as  to  cor- 
rect the  error,  the  verdict  must  be  set  aside/^  In  Georgia 
the  court  will,  it  is  said,  set  aside  a  verdict  if,  in  its  opinion, 
there  is  not  evidence  from  which  the  jury  can  ascertain  the 
amount  of  damage.^' 

§  1324."  Modes  of  computing  damages  allowed  the  jury. 

A  question  has  presented  itself  as  to  the  mode  in  which  the 
jury  may  arrive  at  the  quantum  of  damages  in  cases  where 
they  are  greatly  divided  on  the  question  of  amount.  The 
jury  cannot  abdicate  its  functions  and  decide  the  amount  by 
chance.  So,  in  the  old  case  of  MelUsh  v.  Arnold  ^*  a  new  trial 
was  granted,  "because  the  jury  threw  up  cross  or  pile,  whether 
they  should  give  the  plaintiff  three  hundred  pounds  or  five  hun- 
dred pounds  damages,  and  the  chance  of  five  hundred  pounds 
came  up." 

*  It  has  been  decided  that  if  they  agree  beforehand,  that 
each  juror  shall  mark  the  sum  to  which  he  conceives  the  plain- 
tiff entitled,  and  that  the  total  of  these  amounts  divided  in 
twelve  (the  number  of  jurors)  shall  be  the  verdict,  the  whole 
proceedings  will  be  void,  and  a  new  trial  will  be  ordered,  for 
the  reason  that  the  whole  thing  is  a  mere  matter  of  chance.^' 
So,  in  New  York,  it  has  been  decided  that  the  jury  will  not  be 
allowed  to  arrive  at  a  verdict  by  each  of  the  jurors  marking 
down  a  particular  sum,  apd  then  dividing  the  whole  amount 
by  the  number  of  jurors;  and  on  assignment  of  error  in  fact, 
the  judgment  for  this  cause  will  be  reversed.^"    So,  in  England, 

New  Hampshire:  Sanborn  i/.  Emer-  ^^  Smith  v.  Dukes,  5  Minn.  373. 

son,  12  N.  H.  57;  Pierce  v.  Wood,  23  "  Oakley  Mills  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Neese, 

N.  H.  619;  WUlard  v.  Stevens,  24  N.  H.  54  Ga.  459. 

271;  Odlin  v.  Gove,  41  N.  H.  465,  77  '«Bunb.  61. 

Am.  Dec.  773;  Cross  v.  Wilkins,  43  N.  '"  /iimois:  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  D.Abie, 

H.  332.  69  111.  131. 

New  Jersey:  Hatfield  v.  Central  R.  Iowa:  Manix  v.  Malony,  7  la.  81. 

R.,  33  N.  J.  L.  251.  Mississippi:  Parham  v.  Harney,   6 

Rhode  Island:  Forbes  v.  Howard,  4  Sm.  &  M.  65. 

R.  1. 364.  Tennessee:     EUedge    v.     Todd,     1 

Wisconsin:  Kavanaugh  v.  Janesville,  Humph.  43,  34  Am.  Dec.  616. 

24  Wis.  618;  Strong  v.  Hooe,  41  Wis.  «» Harvey  v.  Rickett,  15  Johns.  87; 

659.  Roberts  v.  Failis,  1  Cowen,  238. 

"  For  §  1324  of  the  eighth  edition, 
see  §  1327. 


2666  coTTRf  AND  JURY  §  1324 

the  court  will  not  permit  the  jury  to  arrive  at  a  verdict  by- 
splitting  a  difference.'!  But  if  the  same  course  be  taken  in 
order  to  ascertain  with  more  accuracy  how  the  jury  stands, 
the  rule  is  different;  and  it  has  been  held  not  improper  for  them 
to  arrive  at  their  verdict  by  each  marking  a  sum  and  dividing 
it  by  twelve,  provided  they  do  not  previously  bind  themselves 
to  adhere  to  the  result  of  the  arithmetical  computation.^^  ** 
It  is,  of  course,  error  to  charge  the  jury  that  this  course  may 
be  pm-sued."'  In  Boynton  v.  Trumbull**  the  jury  agreed 
among  themselves  to  give  a  verdict  for  half  the  aggregate 
of  the  lowest  and  highest  sums  allowed  by  them  individually, 
and  the  verdict  was  consequently  set  aside.  It  seems  to  be 
improper,  if  witnesses  differ  as  to  value,  to  charge  the  jury  that 
an  average  of  the  estimates  may  be  taken.*^  The  evidence  of 
a  member  of  the  jury  will  not  be  received  to  impeach  the  ver- 
dict.«« 

"  Hall  V.  Poyser,  13  M.  &  W.  600.  Pennsylvania:  Kreider's  Estate,   18 

'*  California:   Wilson   v.   Berryman,  Pa.  374. 

5  Cal.  44,  63  Am.  Dec.  78;  Turner  v.  Rhode  Island:  Forbes  v.  Howard,  4 

Tuolumne  County  Water  Co.,  25  Cal.  R.  I.  364;  Luft  v.  Linganie,  17  R.  1. 420, 

397;  Boyce  v.  California  Stage  Co.,  25  22  Atl.  942. 

Cal.  460.  Tennessee:  Tinkle  v.  Dunivant,    16 

Illinois:  Pekin  v.  Winkel,  77  111.  56.  Lea,  503. 

Indiana:    Guard   v.    Risk,    11   Ind.  Wisconsin:  Fowler  v.  Colton,  Burn. 

156.  175. 

Iowa:  Barton  v.  Holmes,  16  la.  252.  «  AUard  v.  Smith,  2  Met.  (Ky.)  297. 

Massachusetts:   Dorr   v.   Fenno,    12  «'  45  N.  H.  408. 

Pick.  521.  "  Thomas  v.  Dickinson,   12  N.  Y. 

Minnesota:  St.  Martin  v.  Desnoyer,  1  364,  per  Johnson,  J. 

Minn.  156,  61  Am.  Dec.  494.  "^  Maine:  Hovey  v.  Luce,  31  Me.  346. 

New  York:  Dana  v.  Tucker,  4  Johns.  Michigan:    Wixom    v.    Bixby,    137 

487.  Mich.  479,  86  N.  W.  1001. 


CHAPTER  LVIII 


EXCESSIVE   OR   INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


§  1325. 

1326. 
1327. 
1328. 

1329. 
1330. 
1331. 

1332. 

1333. 
1334. 
1335. 
1336. 
1337. 
1338. 
1339. 

1340. 
1341. 
1342. 
1343. 


1344. 
1345. 
1346. 

1347. 
1348. 


Power  of  court  to  set  aside 
verdicts. 

What  damages  are  excessive. 

Successive  verdicts. 

Cases  in  which  the  court  will 
act. 

Practice. 

Remission  of  the  excess. 

When  a  remittitur  will  be  en- 
tered. 

Action  of  appellate  courts  on 
excessive  damages. 

What  amount  is  excessive. 

Pecuniary  loss. 

Defamation. 

False  imprisonment. 

Malicious  prosecution. 

AUenation  of  affections. 

Breach  of  promise  of  mar- 
riage. 

Seduction. 

Telegraph  companies. 

Carriers. 

Other  malicious  torts,  or 
wrongs  causing  mental  suf- 
fering. 

Exemplary  damages. 

Assault  and  battery. 

Physical  injury;  doubtful 
physical  consequences. 

Slight  or  temporary  injury. 

Broken  bones:  bones  of  leg 
and  hip. 


!  1349. 
1350. 
1351. 
1352. 
1353. 
1354. 

1355. 
1356. 
1357. 

1358. 
1359. 

1360. 
1361. 

1362. 
1363. 
1364. 

1365. 
1366. 
1367. 
1368. 
1369. 


1370. 

1371. 
1372. 


Bones  of  arm  or  shoulder. 

Bones  of  the  trunk. 

Bones  of  the  head. 

Surgical  operation. 

Pain  and  suffering. 

Permanent  injuries:  disability 
to  labor. 

Permanent  crippling. 

Loss  of  a  member:  leg  or  foot. 

Loss  of  a  member:  arm,  hand, 
or  finger. 

Disfigurement. 

Impairment  of  sight  or  hear- 
ing. 

Nervous  disorders. 

Insanity  and  loss  of  mental 
power. 

Shortening  of  life. 

Other  permanent  injuries. 

Doubt  as  to  permanence  of 
injury. 

Loss  of  service. 

Civil  damage  act. 

Damages  for  death. 

Inadequate  damages. 

Failure  to  allow  damages 
where  compensation  should 
be  given. 

What  damages  are  inade- 
quate: torts  in  general. 

Personal  injuries. 

Death. 


§  1325."  Power  of  court  to  set  aside  verdicts. 

The  court  holds  itself  at  liberty  to  set  aside  verdicts  and 
grant  new  trials  even  in  that  class  of  cases  where  there  is  no 
fixed  legal  rule  of  compensation,  whenever  the  damages  are  so 


'  For  §  1325  of  the  eighth  edition  see  §  1328. 


2667 


2668  EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES  §  1325 

excessive  as  to  create  the  belief  that  the  jury  have  been  misled 
either  by  passion,  prejudice,  or  ignorance.  But  this  power  is 
never  used  except  in  a  clear  case.  So,  in  an  action  for  malicious 
indictment  of  the  plaintiff  for  perjury,  where  a  verdict  of  £400 
was  obtained,  on  a  rule  for  new  trial  it  was  insisted  that  the 
verdict  was  excessive.  But  it  was  refused,  and  Lord  Mans- 
field said:  "New  trials  are  not  to  be  granted  in  this  class  of 
cases  without  very  strong  grounds  indeed,  and  such  as  carry 
internal  evidence  of  intemperance  in  the  minds  of  the  jury."' 

The  doctrine  has  been  repeatedly  affirmed  in  early  cases  in 
this  country.  So  Mr.  Justice  Story  decided  that  in  cases 
of  tort  the  verdict  will  not  be  disturbed  unless  it  is  so  excessive 
and  outrageous  with  reference  to  all  the  circumstances  of  the 
case,  as  to  demonstrate  that  the  jury  have  acted  against  the 
rules  of  law,  or  have  suffered  their  passions,  their  prejudices,  or 
their  perverse  disregard  of  justice  to  mislead  them.^  So,  again, 
the  same  sagacious  judge  said:  "A  court  of  law  will  not  set 
aside  a  verdict  upon  the  ground  of  excessive  damages,  unless  in 
a  clear  case  where  the  jury  have  acted  upon  a  gross  mistake  of 
facts,  or  have  been  governed  by  some  improper  influence  or 
bias,  or  have  disregarded  the  law."  '  Again,  in  another  case, 
Mr.  Justice  Story  said : 

"The  damages  are  certainly  higher  than  what,  had  I  sitten 
on  the  jury,  I  should  have  been  disposed  to  give;  and  I  should 
now  be  better  satisfied  if  the  amount  had  been  less.*  ...  It 
is  one  thing  for  a  court  to  administer  its  own  measm-e  of  dam- 
ages in  a  case  properly  before  it,  and  quite  another  thing  to  set 
aside  the  verdict  of  a  jury,  merely  because  it  exceeds  that  meas- 
ure. The  court,  in  setting  aside  a  verdict  for  excessive  dam- 
ages, should  clearly  see  that  they  are  excessive;  that  there  has 
been  a  gross  error;  that  there  has  been  a  mistake  of  the  prin- 
ciples upon  which  the  damages  have  been  estimated;  or  some 
improper  motives,  or  feelings,  or  bias,  which  have  influenced 
the  minds  of  the  jury.  .  .  .  Upon  a  mere  matter  of  damages, 
where  different  minds  might,  and  probably  would,  arrive  at 

'  Gilbert  v.  Burtenshaw,  Cowper,  230.  *  Much  the  same  language  was  used 

^  Whipple  V.   Cumberland  Manuf'g  by  the  court  in  Harris  v.  Louisville,  N. 

Co.,  2  Story,  661.  O.  &  T.  Ry.,  35  Fed.  116. 
'  Wiggin  V.  Coffin,  3  Story,  1. 


§  1325  POWER   TO    SET   ASIDE    VERDICTS  2669 

different  results,  and  nothing,  inconsistent  with  an  honest 
exercise  of  judgment,  appears,  I,  for  one,  should  be  disposed  to 
leave  the  verdict  as  the  jury  found  it."  * 

So,  in  New  Jersey,  too,  it  has  been  declared  that  the  court, 
in  actions  of  trespass  for  personal  torts,  where  damages  can  be 
gauged  by  no  fixed  standard,  but  necessarily  rest  in  the  sound 
discretion  of  the  jury,  interferes  with  a  verdict  on  the  mere 
ground  of  excessive  damages  with  reluctance,  and  never  except 
in  a  clear  case.*  And  it  has  been  said  that  although  it  is  con- 
ceded that  the  courts  have  the  power  of  granting  a  new  trial  in 
cases  of  crim.  con.,  still  it  seems  that  the  power  has  never  been 
exercised.^  Even  in  cases  where  rules  of  law  have  been  disre- 
garded, or  where  for  any  reason  the  verdict  cannot  be  supported, 
the  power  of  the  court  to  set  aside  the  decision  of  the  jury  will 
not  be  exercised  without  regard  to  the  justice  of  the  case.  So, 
where  a  verdict  was  obtained  for  principal  and  interest,  as  to 
which  latter  the  defendant  was  clearly  liable,  but  there  being 
no  count  adapted  to  it,  the  verdict  was  not  strictly  regular,  the 
court  nevertheless  refused  to  set  it  aside,  saying:  "In  motions 
for  new  trial,  the  court  may  fairly  endeavor  to  do  that  which 
advances  the  justice  of  the  cause,  and  by  refusing  this  rule  we 
only  save  the  defendant  from  paying  with  the  tremendous 
interest  of  accumulated  costs,  what  he  is  in  justice  bound  to 
pay  at  once."  '  A  case  in  the  EngUsh  Court  of  Exchequer 
illustrates  the  jury's  command  of  the  damages,  where  no  rule 
of  law  is  violated.  The  plaintiff,  who  claimed  special  damage 
from  a  carrier  for  non-delivery  of  goods,  had  sold  them  for  as 
much  as  he  could  have  obtained  if  there  had  been  no  delay, 
and  the  defendant  paid  into  court  £10,  which  the  court  con- 
sidered ample  to  cover  the  expense  of  a  journey  he  had  taken 
to  look  after  the  goods,  and  all  his  actual  damages.  The  jury 
having  found  a  verdict  for  £5  more  than  had  been  paid  in,  a 
motion  was  made  to  set  it  aside  as  perverse.  (The  damages 
being  under  £20,  the  motion  could  not,  under  the  EngUsh  prac- 
tice, be  entertained  on  the  ground  that  they  were  excessive.) 
The  court,  although  considering  the  amount  decreed  clearly 

'  Thurston  v.  Martin,  5  Mason,  497,  '  Duberley  v.  Gunning,  4  T.  R.  651; 

499.  Smith  v.  Masten,  15  Wend.  270. 

•  Berry  v.  Vreeland,  21  N.  J,  L,  183.  '  Harrison  v.  Allen,  2  Bing.  4. 


2670  EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES  §  1325 

too  large,  reluctantly  refused  to  disturb  the  verdict,  as  the 
question  whether  the  amount  paid  into  court  was  a  sufficient 
compensation  for  the  plaintiff's  pecuniary  loss  had  been  prop- 
erly left  to  the  jury,  and  the  verdict  was  not  contrary  to  any 
direction  of  the  judge  at  Nisi  Prius.'  "I  doubt  much,"  says 
Mr.  Justice  Jackson,  in  delivering  an  opinion  in  the  Court  of 
the  Irish  Exchequer  Chamber,  "whether  in  any  case  sounding 
in  damages,  for  an  acknowledged  breach  of  covenant,  the  judge 
ought  to  take  it  upon  himself  to  direct  a  verdict  for  nominal 
damages."  ^^ 

The  same  ground  was  taken  in  City  of  Ottawa  v.  Sweely,'^ 
another  action  for  personal  injuries,  and  the  court  said:  "It 
must  not  be  supposed,  however,  that  verdicts  in  cases  of  torts 
are  beyond  control;  but  they  should  stand,  unless  they  are 
grossly  erroneous,  or  there  is  a  palpable  misconception  of  the 
testimony,  or  they  are  the  result  plainly  of  passion  or  prejudice." 
In  cases  where  exemplary  damages  are  allowable,  verdicts  are 
rarely  set  aside.  The  obvious  reason  for  this  custom  is  that  it 
is  not  easy  to  decide  that  such  a  verdict  is  so  large  as  to  be 
against  evidence.  It  is  only  in  extraordinary  cases  that  the 
court  will  act.i^  And  so,  in  Walker  v.  Erie  Railway,"  an  action 
to  recover  damages  for  personal  injuries,  a  motion  to  set  aside  a 
verdict  for  120,000  was  denied,  Daniels,  J.,  saying:  "The  rule 
so  carefully  maintained  and  guarded  in  actions  upon  contracts, 
and  for  tortious  injuries  to  property,  is  incapable  of  being  ap- 
plied where  the  injury  is  to  the  person;  for  those  injuries  are 
without  precise  pecuniary  measure.    The  law  has,  accordingly, 

9  Adams  v.  Midland  R.  R.,  31  L.  J.  Maher  v.  Central  Park,  N.  &  E.  R.  R. 
(N.  S.)  Ex.  35.    See,  as  to  the  bound-  R.,  67  N.  Y.  52.     Unless  the  excess 
ary  between  the  power  of  the  covirt  and  arises  from  error  in  the  judge's  charge, 
that  of  the  jury  on  this  subject,  Smith  Mechanics'  &  T.  Bk.  v.  Farmers'  &  M. 
V.  Symonds,  1  L.  T.  R.  (N.  S.)  299,  Nat.  Bk.,  60  N.  Y.  40;  Starbird  v.  Bar- 
where  the  construction  of  a  document  rows,  62  N.  Y.  615. 
was  left  to  the  jury.     In  California,  it  '°  Strong  v.  Kean,  13  Ir.  L.  R.  93. 
is  doubtful  whether  the  courts  of  first  "  65  111.  434,  436. 
instance  have  power  to  interfere  when  "  Illinois:  Chicago  &  Alton  R.  R.  v. 
verdicts  are  excessive.    Payne  v.  Pacific  Wilson,  63  111.  167;  Singer  Manf .  Co.  v. 
Mail  Steamship  Co.,   1  Cal.  33.     In  Holdfodt,  86  111.  455. 
New  York,  the  Court  of  Appeals  can-  Texas:  Barnette  v.  Hicks,  6  Tex.  352; 
not  review  the  question  of  excessive  McGehee  v.  Shafer,  9  Tex.  20. 
damages.    Metcalf  v.  Baker,  57  N.  Y.  "  63  Barb.  260,  267. 
662;  Starbird  v.  Barrows,  62  N.  Y.  615; 


§  1325  POWER  TO   SET  ASIDE   VERDICTS  2671 

in  this  class  of  cases,  cominitted  the  determination  of  the 
amount  of  damages  to  be  awarded  to  the  experience  and  good 
sense  of  jurors.  And  where  the  verdict  rendered  by  them  may 
reasonably  be  presumed  to  have  resulted  from  an  honest  and 
intelligent  exercise  of  judgment  upon  their  part,  the  policy  of 
the  coiu-t  is,  and-  necessarily  must  be,  not  to  interfere  with 
their  conclusion."  So  where  in  an  action  against  a  railroad 
company  by  a  farmer  for  the  death  of  his  wife,  who  had  been 
thrown  out  of  his  market  wagon  and  killed  through  collision 
with  the  defendant's  train,  although  the  wagon  had  descended 
to  the  point  of  collision  down  a  gradual  slope  for  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  mile,  in  plain  view  of  the  railroad,  upon  which  the 
train  could  have  been  seen  coming  at  a  great  distance,  and  the 
court  considered  that  there  was  not  a  doubt  that  the  evil 
happened  from  either  the  plaintiff's  misfortune  or  fault,  for 
neither  of  which  was  the  company  Uable;  yet  as  the  case  had 
been  given  to  the  jury  without  any  error  in  law,  they  felt 
themselves  compelled  to  affirm  a  judgment  on  a  verdict  of 
$9,150  for  the  plaintiff."  The  discretion  of  the  court  may  also 
be  governed,  to  a  limited  extent,  by  previous  decisions  in  other 
cases.  ^*  This  practice  cannot,  however,  be  considered  as  strict 
matter  of  law.  The  argument  has  been  sometimes  advanced, 
that  when  the  legislature  has  fixed  the  limit  to  the  amount  of 
damages  recoverable  for  causing  the  death  of  a  human  being, 
it  is  improper,  in  actions  for  personal  injuries,  to  allow  a  greater 
sum  to  the  person  injured  than  could  have  been  obtained  by 
his  representative,  under  the  statute,  in  case  of  his  death.'' 
The  reasoning  is  not  viewed  with  favor  by  the  courts.  These 
statutes  are  enabling  in  their  nature  and  not  restrictive,  and 
the  intention  of  the  legislatures  was  evidently  to  extend,  not 
to  lessen,  the  rights  of  recovery.  Besides  this,  the  damages  in 
the  statutory  action  go  to  the  family  of  the  person  whose  death 
the  defendant  has  caused,  as  compensation  for  their  pecuniary 
loss  through  his  death;  while,  in  the  common-law  action,  it  is 

'*  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  v.  Goodman,  "  Illinois:  Illinois  Cent.   R.   R.  v. 

62  Pa.  329.  Welch,  52  111.  183. 

"  Kentucky:  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.         New  York:  Collins  v.  Albany  &  S.  R. 

Fox,  11  Bush,  495.  R.,  12  Barb.  492;  Murray  v.  Hudson 

New  York:  Travis  v.  Barger,  24  Barb.  River  R.  R.,  47  Barb.  196. 
614. 


2672 


EXCESSIVE    OR   INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


§1326 


the  person  injured  who  recovers  for  the  damage  done  to  him- 
self. The  two  causes  of  action  are  thus  fundamentally  differ- 
ent, and  one  cannot  furnish  a  measure  of  damages  for  the  other. 

§  1326.  What  damages  are  excessive. 

The  power  of  the  court  to  set  aside  a  verdict  on  account  of 
excessive  damages  is  closely  connected  with  its  right  to  inter- 
fere when  the  verdict  is  against  evidence.  The  power  to  dis- 
turb the  verdict,  as  being  excessive,  rests  in  the  discretion  of 
the  court."  But  this  discretion  does  not  supplant  that  of  the 
jury.  The  court  must  decide  whether  there  is  enough  evidence 
to  support  the  verdict,  and  if  in  its  opinion  there  is  sufficient, 
then  the  discretion  of  the  court  ceases.  Up  to  that  point,  the 
discretion  of  the  jury  is  unrestrained. ^^  Hence  it  follows  that 
verdicts  are  often  sustained,  although  they  do  not  meet  with 
the  full  approval  of  the  court."  If  the  amount  of  damages 
given  by  the  jury  is  between  the  highest  and  lowest  estimate 
of  the  witnesses,  the  verdict  will  usually  be  permitted  to  stand.  ^^ 
The  court  will  interpose  its  power  only  in  extreme  cases.^^    The 


"  Oeorgia:  Duffield  v.  Tobin,  20  Ga. 
428. 

New  Jersey:  Searles  v.  Elizabeth,  P. 
&  C.  J.  Ry.,  70  N.  J.  L.  388,  57  Atl.  134. 

'« Idaho:  Horn  v.  Boise  C.  C.  Co.,  7 
Ida.  640,  65  Pac.  145. 

New  York:  Pastor  v.  Regan,  9  Misc. 
547,  551,  30  N.  Y.  Supp.  657. 

"  California:  George  v.  Law,  1  Cal. 
363. 

Kentucky:  Letton  v.  Young,  2  Mete. 
558. 

Maine:  Donelly  v.  Booth  B.  &  H.  I. 
G.  Co.,  90  Me.  110,  37  Atl.  874. 

Michigan:  Retan  v.  Lake  Shore  &  M. 
S.  Ry.,  94  Mich.  146,  53  N.  W.  1094. 

New  York:  Potter  v.  Thompson,  22 
Barb.  87. 

South  Carolina:  Entzminger  v.  Sea- 
board A.  L.  Ry.,  79  S.  C.  151,  60  S.  E. 
441. 

England:  Bennett  v.  Alcot,  2  T.  R. 
166;  Saunders  v.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry., 
2  L.  T.  R.  (N.  S.)  153. 

Canada:  Ingraham  v.  Parks,  19  N.  B. 
101. 


21  United  States:  Alaska  S.  S.  Co.  v. 
Collins,  127  Fed.  937,  62  C.  C.  A. 
569. 

Alaska:  Linge  v.  Alaska  Treadwell 
Co.,  3  Alaska,  9. 

Colorado:  Gaynor  v.  Clements,  16 
Colo.  209,  26  Pac.  324. 

Florida:  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.  i^.  Tur- 
ner, 59  Fla.  118,  52  So.  586. 

Illinois:  Lockwood  v.  Onion,  56  III. 
506. 

Indiana:  Sunnyside  Coal  &  C.  Co.  v. 
Reitz,  14  Ind.  App.  478,  39  N.  E.  541, 
43  N.  E.  46. 

Iowa:  Helm  v.  Anchor  F.  I.  Co.,  132 
la.  177,  109  N.  W.  605. 

Missouri:  Reamer  v.  Morrison  Exp. 
Co.,  93  Mo.  App.  501,  67  S.  W.  718. 

North  Carolina:  Denby  v.  Hairson,  1 
Hawks,  315. 

Texas:  Texas  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Fisher 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  43  S.  W.  584. 

Canada:  Prescott  v.  Walton,  2  Han. 
(N.  B.)  230. 

^'^  Illinois:  Galesburg  v.  Higley,  61 
lU.  287. 


§1326 


WHAT  DAMAGES  ARE   EXCESSIVE 


2673 


verdict  must  be  clearly  excessive  to  be  set  aside,  ^^  so  great  as 
to  appear  at  first  blush  to  be  outrageous,^'  so  as  to  strike  every- 
one with  its  enormity  and  injustice,^*  so  large  that  no  twelve 
men  could  reasonably  have  given  it.^^  The  commonest  grounds 
on  which  a  vei*dict  is  set  aside  as  excessive  are  that  it  shows 
passion,  prejudice,  partiality,  or  corruption.  ^^ 


Indiana:  Chenowith  v.  Hicks,  5  Ind. 
224. 

Kentucky:  Nolan  v.  Standard  S.  M. 
Co.,  Ill  S.  W.  290,  33  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
740. 

New  York:  Wilcox  v.  Green,  23  Barb. 
639;  Scherpf  ».  Szadeczky,  4  E.  D. 
Smith,  110. 

A  verdict  will  not  be  set  aside  because 
it  exceeds  the  limit  by  a  few  dollars. 
Hueni  v.  Freehill,  125  111.  App.  345. 

2*  United  States:  The  Commerce,  16 
Wall.  33,  21  L.  ed.  465. 

Arkansas:  Pleasants  v.  Heard,  15 
Ark.  403. 

California:  Weaver  v.  Page,  6  Cal. 
681. 

Georgia:  Coins  v.  Western  R.  R.,  59 
Ga.  426. 

Illinois:  Blanchard  v.  Morris,  15  111. 
35;  Butler  v.  Mehrling,  15  III.  488;  Chi- 
cago &  N.  W.  Ry.  V.  Peacock,  48  III. 
253;  Cleveland,  C,  C.  &  S.  L.  B,y.  v. 
Fuller,  122  III.  App.  36. 

Indiana:  Pittsburg,  C.  &  St.  L.  R.  R. 
V.  Hennigh,  39  Ind.  509;  Cleveland,  C, 
C.  &  S.  L.  Ry.  V.  Hadley,  170  Ind.  204, 
82  N.  E.  1025,  84  N.  E.  13. 

Missouri:  Barth  v.  Merritt,  20  Mo. 
567. 

New  Jersey:  Allen  v.  Craig,  1  Green, 
294. 

South  Carolina:  Marshall  v.  Gunter, 
6  Rich.  L.  419. 

Wisconsin:  Murray  v.  Buell,  74  Wis. 
14. 

23  Indiana:  Pittsburgh,  C.  &  St.  L. 
Ry.  V.  Sponier,  85  Ind.  165;  Ohio  &  M. 
Ry.  V.  Judy,  120  Ind.  397,  22  N,  E. 
252. 

Kentucky:  North  v.  Gates,  2  Bibb, 
591. 

168 


Missouri:  Fallenstein  v.  Bodthe,  13 
Mo.  427. 

'*  United  States:  Wunderlich  v.  May- 
or of  New  York,  33  Fed.  854. 

New  York:  Coleman  v.  Southwick,  9 
Johns.  45,  6  Am.  Dec.  253. 

«  Praed  v.  Graham,  24  Q.  B.  Div.  53, 
59  L.  J.  Q.  B.  230,  38  W.  R.  103. 

^  United  States:  McGowan  v.  La 
Plata  M.  &  S.  Co.,  3  McCr.  393;  Brown 
V.  Evans,  8  Sawy.  488. 

Arkansas:  Kelly  v.  McDonald,  39 
Ark.  387;  Sexton  v.  Brock,  15  Ark.  345. 

California:  Stuart  v.  Hoffman,  68 
Cal.  381;  Shaw  v.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R., 
157  Cal.  240,  107  Pac.  108;  Kimic  v. 
San  Jose-Los  Gatos  I.  Ry.,  156  Cal. 
273,  104  Pac.  312. 

Colorado:  Denver  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  v. 
Scott,  34  Colo.  99,  81  Pac.  763. 

Connecticut:  Woodruff  v.  Richardson, 
20  Conn.  238;  Haight  v.  Hoyt,  50  Conn. 
583. 

Florida:  McMurray  v.  Basnett,  18 
Fla.  609,  43  Am.  Rep.  327. 

Illinois:  Spencer  v.  McMasters,  16 
111.  405;  Walker  v.  Martin,  52  111.  347; 
Decatur  v.  Fisher,  53  111.  407;  Crose  v. 
Rutledge,  81  111.  266;  Kennies  v.  Vogel, 
87  111.  242;  Loewenthal  v.  Streng,  90 
111.  74;  Harper  v.  Black  Diamond  Coal 
Co.,  142  111.  App.  594. 

Indiana:  Alexander  v.  Thomas,  25 
Ind.  268;  Pittsburgh,  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry.  v. 
Sponier,  85  Ind.  165;  Pittsburgh,  C,  C. 
&  S.  L.  Ry.  V.  Lightheiser,  168  Ind.  438, 
78  N.  E.  1033. 

Iowa:  Berry  v.  Central  Ry.,  40  la. 
564. 

Kansas:  Union  P.  Ry.  v.  Hand,  7 
Kan.  380;  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Weaver,  16  Kan.  456;  Atchison,  T.  &  S. 


2674 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1326 


Courts  have  also  set  aside  verdicts  as  showing  on  their  face 
undue  sympathy,"  intemperance,^'  malice, ^^  caprice,'"  mis- 
take,'^ malevolence,'^  or  evident  improper  motive.''  "In  all 
cases  where  there  is  no  rule  of  law  regulating  the  assessment 
of  damages,  and  the  amount  does  not  depend  on  computation, 
the  judgment  of  the  jury,  and  not  the  opinion  of  the  court,  is  to 
govern,  unless  the  damages  are  so  excessive  as  to  warrant  the 


F.  R.  R.  V.  Moore,  31  Kan.  197,  47 
Am.  Rep.  497  (statutory). 

Kentucky:  North  v.  Gates,  2  Bibb, 
591;  Holbum  v.  Neal,  4  Dana,  121; 
Riley  v.  Nugent,  1  A.  K.  Marsh.  431; 
Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Mitchell,  87 
Ky.  327,  8  S.  W.  706,  12  Am.  St.  Rep. 
488. 

Maine:  Field  v.  Plaisted,  75  Me.  476. 

Massachusetts:  Treanor  v.  Donahoe, 
9  Gush.  228. 

Minnesota:  Beaulieu  v.  Parsons,  2 
Minn.  37;  Shartle  v.  Minneapolis,  17 
Minn.  308;  Blume  v.  Scheer,  83  Minn. 
409,  86  N.  W.  446;  Frigstad  v.  Great 
Northern  Ry.,  101  Minn.  40,  111  N.  W. 
838. 

Missouri:  Wells  v.  Sawyer,  21  Mo. 
354;  Goetz  v.  Ambs,  27  Mo.  28; 
Graham  v.  Pacific  R.  R.,  66  Mo.  536. 

Nevada:  Quigley  v.  Gentral  P.  R.  R., 

11  Nev.  350,  21  Am.  Rep.  757;  Solen  v. 
Virginia  &  T.  R.  R.,  13  Nev.  106  (stat- 
utory). 

New  Hampshire:  Hovey  v.  Brown,  59 
N.  H.  114. 

New  Jersey:  Ogden  v.  Gibbons,  5  N. 
J.  L.  518;  Merritt  v.  Harper,  44  N.  J. 
L.  73. 

New  York:  M'Connell  v.  Hampton, 

12  Johns.  236;  Tinney  v.  New  Jersey  S. 
B.  Co.,  5  Lans.  507;  Bierbauer  v.  New 
York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  15  Hun,  559; 
Oldfield  V.  New  York  &  H.  R.  R.,  3 
E.  D.  Smith,  103;  Jennings  v.  Van 
Schaick,  13  Daly,  7. 

Ohio:  Simpson  v.  Pitman,  13  Oh.  365. 

Oklahoma:  Waters-Pierce  Oil  Go.  v. 
Deselms,  18  Okla.  107,  89  Pac.  212. 

Rhode  Island:  Gonoannon  v.  Tyler, 
(R.  I.),  67  Atl.  430. 


South  Carolina:  Davis  v.  Davis,  2  N. 
&  McG.  81;  Wolff  v.  Cohen,  8  Rich.  L. 
144. 

Tennessee:  Boyers  v.  Pratt,  1  Humph. 
90;  Moore  v.  Burchfield,  1  Heisk.  203; 
Nashville  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Smith,  6 
Heisk.  174;  Tinkle  v.  Dunivant,  16 
Lea,  503;  Tennessee  Coal  &  R.  R.  v. 
Roddy,  85  Tenn.  400. 

Texas:  Galveston  v.  Posnainsky,  62 
Tex.  .118,  50  Am.  Rep.  517;  Willis  i>. 
McNeill,  57  Tex.  465;  Coffin  v.  Varila 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  27  S.  W.  956. 

Virginia:  Parish  v.  Reigle,  11  Gratt. 
697,  62  Am.  Dec.  666. 

Wisconsin:  Goodno  v.  Oshkosh,  28 
Wis.  300. 

"  Waters  v.  Bristol,  26  Conn.  398. 

^  New  York:  M'Connell  v.  Hampton, 
12  Johns.  236;  Travis  v.  Barger,  2!4 
Barb.  614. 

Tennessee:  Boyers  v.  Pratt,  1  Humph. 
90;  Moore  v.  Burchfield,  1  Heisk. 
203. 

»  Wells  V.  Sanger,  21  Mo.  354. 

'"  Illinois:  Jacksonville  v,  Lambert, 
62  111.  519. 

Tennessee:  Tennessee  Coal  &  R.  R.  v. 
Roddy,  85  Tenn.  400. 

'1  Maine:  Cyr  v.  Dufour,  62  Me.  20. 

Minnesota:  St.  Paul  v.  Kuby,  8 
Minn.  154. 

New  York:  Blum  v.  Higgins,  3  Abb. 
Pr.  104;  Feldman  v.  Levy,  56  Misc. 
■  563,  106  N.  Y.  Supp.  1092. 

"  Union  P.  R.  R.  v.  Hause,  1  Wyo. 
27. 

"  Minnesota:  St.  Martin  v.  Desnoyer, 
1  Minn.  156,  61  Am.  Dec;  494;  Chap- 
man V.  Dodd,  10  Minn.  350;  Shartle.v. 
Minneapolis,  17  Minn.  308. 


§  1326  "WHAT  DAMAGES   ARE   EXCESSIVE  2675 

belief  that  the  jury  must  have  been  influenced  by  partiality  or 
prejudice,  or  have  been  misled  by  some  mistaken  view  of  the 
merits  of  the  case."  '*  In  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  v. 
Fox  '^  counsel  contended  that  a  court  cannot  pronounce  a  ver- 
dict excessive,  unless  it  be  so  great  as  to  appear  "at  the  first 
blush"  to  be  outrageous.  The  court  says:  "There  is  a  large 
number  of  cases  in  which  the  language  quoted,  or  language 
similar  in  import,  has  been  used  by  this  court;  but  in  nearly  if 
not  all  of  the  cases  in  which  such  language  has  been  used,  the 
plaintiff  was  not  only  entitled  to  recover  compensation,  but 
was  likewise  entitled  to  such  additional  sum,  by  way  of  punish- 
ing the  defendant,  as  the  jury  might  deem  right."  In  whatever 
form  the  rule  is  stated,  it  always  involves  a  reasonable  dis- 
cretionary power  in  the  court  to  set  aside  a  verdict  when  its 
amount,  in  view  of  all  the  circumstances,  is  so  great  as  to  show 
that  the  jury,  in  arriving  at  it,  must  have  been  influenced  by 
some  improper  motive. 

A  verdict  will  not  be  set  aside  as  excessive  merely  because 
the  amount  "cannot  be  demonstrated  to  be  mathematically 
correct" ;  ^^  but  on  the  other  hand  if  it  is  clearly  the  result  of  a 
mathematical  error,  as  by  faiUng  to  substract  an  item,  it  will 
be  corrected.^'  If  the  amount  found  exceeds  the  estimate  of 
any  witness,  including  the  plaintiff,  it  will  be  set  aside  as 
excessive,  ^^  but  if  there  is  evidence  to  support  it,  a  verdict  will 
not  be  set  aside  merely  because  its  amount  exceeds  the  estimate 
of  the  plaintiff  himself;  ^^  and  an  offer  by  the  plaintiff  to  remit  a 
portion  of  the  judgment  does  not  prove  it  to  be  excessive.^"  A 
judgment  will  not  be  reversed  for  a  very  snaall  excess;  de 
minimis  non  curat  lex.^^ 

'*  Wilde,    J.,   in   Worster   v.   Canal  Soxdk  Dakota:  Bomeman  v.  Chicago, 

Bridge  Co.,  16  Pick.  547.  S.  P.,  M.  &  O.  Ry.,  19  S.  D.  459,  104 

'<■  11  Bush,  495,  614.  N.  W.  208. 

'8  Warder  B.  &  G.  Co.  w.  Cuthbert,  99  Tennessee:  Illinois  Cent.   R.   R.   v. 

la.  681,  68  N.  W.  917.  Abernathy,  106  Tenn.  722,  64  S.  W.  3. 

"  Gilmore  v.  Taylor  (Ga.  App.),  59  "  Taggert  v.  Hunter,  5  Kan.  App.  7, 

S.  E.  325.  47  Pac.  313. 

'8  Jacksonville,  T.  &  K.  W.  Ry.  v.  "  Illinois:  Spunner  v.  Roney,  122  111. 

Garrison,  30  Fla.  431,  11  So.  932.  App.  19  (excess  of  $2.81). 

3'  Minnesota:  Einolf  v.  Thomson,  95  Kentucky:  Weick  v.  Dougherty,   90 

Minn.  230,  103  N.  W.  1026,  104  N.  W.  S.  W.  996,  28  Ky.  L.  Rep.  390,  3  L.  R. 

647.  A.  (N.  S.)  348. 


2676  EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES      §§  1327,  1328 

§  1327.  Successive  verdicts. 

The  reluctance  which  the  court  feels  in  asserting  its  power 
in  doubtful  cases  is  increased,  when  hke  results  have  been  ob- 
tained by  successive  verdicts.^^  Thus,  where  the  plaintiff  had 
been  struck  by  a  locomotive  engine  and  badly  injured,  and  had 
obtained  successive  verdicts  for  $15,000,  $18,000,  and  $22,250, 
the  court  refused  to  disturb  the  last.*'  But  this  consideration 
is  not  controlling,  and  if  the  verdict  is  clearly  excessive  the 
court  will  exercise  its  power  notwithstanding  the  number  of 
previous  verdicts;  **  the  action  of  the  court  in  cutting  down  a 
previous  verdict  will  not  control  the  action  of  the  court  on  the 
present  verdict.*^ 

§  1328.  Cases  in  which  the  court  will  act. 

The  court  will  act  more  readily  in  the  matter  of  setting  aside 
verdicts  in  actions  of  contract,  where  the  pecuniary  standard 
is  usually  followed.**  But  the  cases  fully  confirm  the  right  of 
the  court  to  set  aside  verdicts  as  excessive  in  any  kind  of  ac- 
tion.*^ In  certain  cases,  such  as  actions  for  seduction  *^  or 
crim.  con.,  or  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,*'  it  would  re- 
quire a  very  large  verdict  to  authorize  the  court  to  take  any  ac- 
tion; but  this  is  so  because  the  evidence  would  usually  support 

"  Arkansas:    Sexton    v.    Brock,    15  ^  So  in  actions  for  services  rendered, 

Ark.  345.  verdicts  may  be  set  aside  as  excessive. 

Colorado:  Union  D.  &  R.  R.  v.  Smith,  Lockwood  v.  Onion,  56  111.  506;  Darling 

16  Colo.  361,  27  Pac.  329.  v.  McDonald,  77  111.  520.    And  this  is 

Georgia:  Henderson  v.  Fox,  83  Ga.  the  practice  in  all  actions  on  contract. 

233.  Arkansas:  Wallace  v.  Brown,  17  Ark. 

Illmms:  Chatsworth  v.  Rowe,  66  111.  449;  Ayliff  v.  Hardy,  25  Ark.  49. 

App.  55;  Mills  f.  Larrance,  120111.  App.  Illinois:  Havana,  R.  &  E.  R.  R.  v. 

83.  Walsh,  85  111.  58. 

Kentucky:  Ross  v.  Ross,  5  B.  Mon.  20.  ■"  Boyce  v.  California  Stage  Co.,  25 

New  York:  Clark  v.  Fox,   10  App.  Cal.  460. 

Div.  514,  41  N.  Y.  Supp.  1091.  «  Morgan  v.  Ross,  74  Mo.  318.    Thus 

"  Shaw  V.  Boston  &  W.  R.  R.,  8  in  Taylor  v.  Shelkett,  66  Ind.  297,  300, 

Gray,  45.  the  court  said,  "a  subject  for  moral  and 

"New  Jersey:   Consolidated   Trac.  social  reasoning,  not  of  mathematical 

Co.  V.  Graham,  62  N.  J.  L.  90,  40  Atl.  demonstration,  is  presented." 

773.  "  Illinois:  Richmond  v.  Roberts,  98 

Wisconsin:   Bridge  v.  Oshkosh,   71  111.  472,  480;  Douglas  v.  Gausman,  68 

Wis.  363,  37  N.  W.  409.  111.  170. 

*^  Holmes  v.  Jones,  69  Hun,  346,  23  Louisiana:  Kuck  v.  Johnson,  114  La. 

N.  Y.  Supp.  631.  781,  38  So.  559. 


§1328 


CASES  IN  WHICH   COUET  WILL  ACT 


2677 


a  verdict  of  any  magnitude.    The  right  is  often  exercised  in 
actions  of  tort;^"  and  the  court  may  even  set  aside  a  verdict 


60  Por  injuries  to  land: 

Georgia:  Holland  v.  Brooks,  40  Ga. 
94;  Oakley  Mills  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Neese,  54 
Ga.  459. 

Illinois:  Jacksonville  v.  Lambert,  62 
111.  519. 

Maine:  Cyr  v.  Dufour,  62  Me.  20. 

For  damages  to  'personal  property: 

Louisiana:  Haselmeyer  v.  McLellan, 
24  La.  Ann.  629. 

New  York:  Starbird  v.  Barrows,  62 
N.  Y.  615. 

In  trover:  Peterson  v,  Gresham,  25 
Ark.  380. 

For  wrongful  ejection  from  a  house: 
Dearlove  v.  Herrington,  70  111.  251. 

For  ejection  from  a  car  on  a  railway: 

Illinois:  Terra  Haute,  Alton  &  St.  L. 
R.  R.  V.  Vanata,  21  111.  188,  74  Am. 
Dec.  96;  Chicago  City  Ry.  v.  Henry,  62 
111.  142;  111.  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Johnson,  67 
111.  312;  111.  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Cunning- 
ham, 67  111.  316;  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R. 
V.  Griffin,  68  111.  499. 

Ohio:  Cincinnati,  H.  &  D.  R.  R.  v. 
Cole,  29  Oh.  St.  126,  23  Am.  Rep. 
729. 

Wisconsin:  Bass  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W. 
R.  R.,  39  Wis.  636. 

For  personal  injuries: 

Illinois:  Chicago  &  R.  I.  R.  R.  v.  Mc- 
Kean,  40  111.  218;  Decatur  v.  Fisher,  53 
111.  407;  Chicago  v.  Fowler,  60  111.  322; 
Chicago  V.  Kelly,  69  111.  475;  Northern 
Line  Packet  Co.  v.  Binninger,  70  111. 
571;  Chicago  v.  Elzeman,  71  111.  131; 
Chicago  &  Alton  R.  R.  v.  Murray,  71 
111.  601,  22  Am.  Rep.  122;  Chicago  v. 
Hoy,  75  111.  530;  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P. 
R.  R.  V.  McKittrick,  78  111.  619;  Chi- 
cago V.  Brophy,  79  111.  277. 

Iowa:  Deppe  v.  Chicago,  I.  &  P.  R. 
R.,  38  Iowa,  592;  Belair  v.  Chicago  & 
N.  W.  R.  R.,  43  Iowa,  662. 

Maine:  Hanson  v.  European  &  N.  A. 
R.  R.,  62  Me.  84,  16  Am.  Rep.  404. 

New  York:  Clapp  v.  Hudson  River 


R.  R.,  19  Barb.  461;  McMahon  v. 
Walsh,  43  N.  Y.  Super.  Ct.  36. 

For  causing  death:  Potter  v.  Chicago 
&  N.  W.  R,  R.,  22  Wis.  615. 

For  malicious  prosecution: 

California:  Potter  v.  Scale,  5  Cal. 
410;  Russell  v.  Dennison,  45  Cal.  337. 

Illinois:  Nelson  v.  Danielson,  82  111. 
545. 

For  false  imprisonment: 

Georgia:  Green  v.  Southern  Express 
Co.,  41  Ga.  515. 

Illinois:  Newton  v.  Locklin,  77  111. 
103. 

For  assault  and  battery: 

Illinois:  Mitchell  v.  Robinson,  72  111. 
382;  Alcorn  v.  Mitchell,  63  111.  553  (an 
action  brought  against  defendant  for 
spitting  in  plaintiff's  face,  in  which 
$1,000  was  held  not  excessive). 

Mississippi:  Bell  v.  Morrison,  27 
Miss.  68. 

For  slander: 

Illinms:  Flagg  v.  Roberts,  67  111.  485; 
Miller  v.  Johnson,  79  111.  58. 

Missouri:  Woodson  v.  Scott,  20  Mo. 
272. 

New  York:  Potter  v.  Thompson,  22 
Barb.  87. 

For  libd: 

California:  McDaniel  v.  Baca,  2  Cal. 
326. 

Illinois:  Storey  v.  Wallace,  60  III. 
51. 

New  York:  Daly  v.  Byrne,  43  N.  Y. 
Super.  Ct.  261. 

For  enticing  plaintiff's  wife  away: 
Scherpf  i/.  Szadeczky,  1  Abb.  Pr. 
(N.  Y.)  366. 

For  seduction: 

Arkansas:  Patterson  v.  Thompson, 
24  Ark.  55. 

New  York:  Sargent  v.  ,  5 

Cow.  106;  Travis  v.  Barger,  24  Barb. 
614,  and  cases  there  cited. 

For  crim.  con.:  Crose  v.  Rutledge,  81 
111.  266.    (Thou'gh  in  such  an  action  a 


2678  EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES      §§  1329,  1330 

for  exemplary  damages  on  the  ground  that  it  is  excessive.  ^^ 
Where,  however,  a  statute  makes  the  jury  the  sole  judges  of  the 
amount  of  damages,  the  court  cannot  disturb  their  finding." 
The  court  can  set  aside  a  referee's  report  on  account  of  excessive 
damages,  as  well  as  a  verdict.^'  And  it  seems  that,  in  a  proper 
case,  the  assessment  of  a  judge  may  be  reversed  for  the  same 
reason.  ^^ 

§  1329.  Practice. 

The  objection  to  a  verdict  that  it  is  excessive  must  be  made 
by  a  motion  to  set  it  aside  on  that  ground.*^  It  cannot  be  con- 
sidered on  a  simple  appeal  from  a  judgment.**  The  point  must 
be  made  at  the  trial,  for  otherwise  the  verdict  will  not  be  dis- 
turbed, even  if  it  is  probably  incorrect."  The  usual  practice 
upon  setting  a  verdict  aside  because  it  is  excessive  is  to  order  a 
new  trial;  which  may  be  upon  the  quantum  of  damages  alone.** 

§  1330.  Remission  of  the  excess. 

In  some  cases  where  the  jury  have  given  such  excessive 
damages  that  the  court  feel  bound  to  set  aside  the  verdict, 
they  will,  instead  of  simply  ordering  a  new  trial,  give  the  plain- 
tiff the  option  of  reducing  the  verdict  to  the  sum  which  the 
court  considers  reasonable,  and  on  his  remitting  the  excess  will 
deny  the  motion  for  a  new  trial,  and  this  is  actions  of  tort  as 
well  as  on  contracts.*' 

verdict  is  seldom  disturbed.    Harris  v.  "  Colorado:  J.  W.  Hugus  &  Co.  v. 

Rupel,  14  Ind.  209.)  Hardenburg,    19  Colo.   App.   464,   76 

"  Kentucky:  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Pac.  543. 

Brown,  127  Ky.  732,  106  S.  W.  795,  13  Pennsylvania:  Patton  v.  Philadelphia, 

L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  1134.  189  Pa.  602,  42  Atl.  296. 

Alabama  &  V.  Ry.  v.  England:   Fletcher   v.    Tayleur,    17 


Gibbs  (Miss.),  12  So.  545.  C.  B.  21. 

'2  Lewis  V.  Black,  27  Miss.  425.  '» Boyd  v.  Brown,  17  Pick.  453. 

''  Eastman  v.  Mayor  of  New  York,  In  New  York  the  Appellate  Division 

5  Robt.  389.  of  the  Supreme  Court  may  further  re- 

'*  Miles  V.  Barrows,  122  Mass.  579.    .    duce  a  verdict  already  reduced  by  the 

''  Maine:  Moody  v.  Camden,  61  Me.  trial  judge.   Stemmerman  v.  Nassau  El. 

264.  R.  R.,  36  App.  Div.  218,  56  N.  Y. 

Michigan:    Casoarella    v.    National  Supp.  730. 

Grocer  Co.,  151  Mich.  15,  114  N.  W.  ^^  United  States:  Blunt  v.  Little,  3 

857.  Mas.  102;  The  Grecian  Monarch,  32 

^  Alfaro  V.  Davidson,  40  N.  Y.  Super.  Fed.  635;  Fotheringham  v.  Adams  Ex. 

Ct.  87.  Co.,  36  Fed.  252. 


§1330 


REMISSION   OF  THE   EXCESS 


2679 


In  New  York  the  Court  of  Appeals  may  grant  the  privilege 
of  reducing  the  verdict  when  the  excess  is  due  to  the  mistake 
of  the  court.*"  As  to  whether  an  intermediate  court  can  give 
the  plaintiff  the  option  of  reducing  the  verdict,  or  of  trying  the 
case  again,  when  the  jury  has  erred  in  giving  excessive  dam- 
ages, the  decisions  in  that  State  have  not  been  uniform.  It 
was  once  held  that  the  court  in  banc  has  no  such  power.*^  But 
the  law  is  now  settled  otherwise,  and  in  favor  of  this  power.®^ 
Under  the  Louisiana  Code  the  damages  may  be  reduced  by  the 
court  absolutely,  without  any  choice  on  the  part  of  the  plain- 
tiff.^' In  Georgia  it  is  held  that  counsel  may  voluntarily  remit 
part  of  a  verdict,  pending  motion  for  a  new  trial,  and  if  the 
balance  is  not  excessive  the  verdict  will  not  be  set  aside." 


Arizona:  Southern  Pac.  Co.  v.  Tom- 
linson,  4  Ariz.  126,  33  Pac.  710. 

California:  Kinsey  v.  Wallace,  36 
Cal.  462,  95  Am.  Dec.  199. 

Illinois:  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Ebert, 
74  111.  399. 

Iowa:  Collins  v.  Council  Bluffs,  35  la. 
432;  Lombard  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P. 
R.  R.,  47  la.  494. 

Kansas:  Missouri  P.  Ry.  ».  Dwyer, 
36  Kan.  68;  Francis  v.  Brock,  80  Kan. 
100,  102  Pac.  472. 

Massachusetts:  Doyle  v.  Dixon,  97 
Mass.  208,  93  Am.  Dec.  80. 

Minnesota:  Craig  v.  Cook,  28  Minn. 
232. 

Mississippi:  Young  v.  Englehard,  1 
How.  19. 

Montana:  Kennon  v.  Gilmer,  5 
Mont.  257,  51  Am.  Rep.  45. 

New  Hampshire:  Belknap  v.  Boston 
&  M.  R.  R.,  49  N.  H.  358. 

New  Jersey:  Union  v.  Durkes,  38 
N.  J.  L.  21. 

New  York:  Bishop  v.  Autographic  R. 
R.,  19  App.  Div.  268,  46  N.  Y.  Supp. 
97;  Diblin  v.  Murphy,  3  Sandf.  19. 

Ohio:  Pendleton  St.  R.  R.  v.  Rah- 
mann,  22  Oh.  St.  446;  Iron  R.  R.  v. 
Mowery,  36  Oh.  St.  418,  38  Am.  Rep. 
697.    • 

Pennsylvania:  Yeager  v.  Weaver,  64 
Pa.  425,  3  Am.  Rep.  601. 


Rhode  Island:  Burdick  v.  Weeden,  9 
R.  I.  139. 

South  Carolina:  Guerry  v.  Kerton,  2 
Rich.  L.  507. 

Wisconsin:  Murray  v.  Buell,  74  Wis. 
14,  41  N.  W.  1010. 

England:  Belt  v.  Lawes,  12  Q.  B.  D. 
356;  Davidson  v.  Molyneux,  17  L.  T.  R. 
(N.  S.)  289.  But  the  practice  has  been 
repudiated  by  the  House  of  Lords: 
Watt  V.  Watt,  [1905]  A.  C.  115. 

Canada:  Steadman  v.  Venning,  22 
N.  B.  639. 

™  Mechanics'  &  T.  Bank  v.  Farmers' 
&  M.  Nat.  Bank,  60  N.  Y.  40. 

"  Moffet  tf.  Sackett,  18  N.  Y.  522; 
Cassin  v.  Delany,  38  N.  Y.  178. 

»2  Collins  V.  Albany  &  S.  R.  R.,  12 
Barb.  492;  Clapp  v.  Hudson  River  R. 
R,,  19  Barb.  461;  Potter  v.  Thompson, 
22  Barb.  87;  Murray  v.  Hudson  River 
R.  R.,  47  Barb.  196;  Sears  v.  Conover,  3 
Keyes,  113;  Hayden  v.  Florence  Sewing 
Machine  Co.,  .54  N.  Y.  221. 

«3  Black  V.  CarroUton  R.  R.,  10  La. 
Ann.  33,  63  Am.  Dec.  586;  Mortimer  v. 
Thomas,  23  La.  Ann.  165;  Haselmeyer 
V.  McLellan,  24  La.  Ann.  629;  Cointe- 
ment  v.  Cropper,  41  La.  Ann.  303. 

6*  Central  R.  R.  v.  Crosby,  74  Ga. 
737,  58  Am.  Rep.  463. 


2680  EXCESSIVE   OE  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES  §  1331 

But  in  Texas  this  power  of  reducing  the  verdict  by  the  action 
of  the  court  has  been  hmited  to  those  cases  where  the  measure 
of  damages  is  matter  of  law,  upon  the  ground  *^  that  in  other 
cases  the  court  has  no  right  to  substitute  its  opinion  for  that  of 
the  jury. 

In  Tennessee,  in  the  case  of  Vaulx  v.  Herman,®'  the  trial 
court  was  dissatisfied  with  the  verdict;  but  upon  the  plaintiff 
remitting  part  of  it,  refused  to  set  the  verdict  aside.  This  was 
held  upon  appeal  to  have  been  error;  for  the  trial  court,  if  dis- 
satisfied with  the  verdict,  should  set  it  aside.  This  would  seem 
to  deny  the  right  of  the  court  in  that  State  to  give  the  plaintiff 
an  option  between  a  remittitur  and  a  new  trial.  In  Wisconsin 
the  Supreme  Court,  in  case  of  an  excessive  verdict,  grants  a 
new  trial,  no  right  of  remittitur  being  recognized  in  that  court; 
but  the  court  indicates  what  amount  of  damages  would  not  be 
thought  excessive.'^ 

The  form  of  the  remittitur  is,  that  the  verdict  will  be  set  aside 
and  a  new  trial  granted  unless  within  a  time  limited  the  plain- 
tiff' fiieS' in' court  his  remission  of  all  the  verdict  except  the 
amount  riamed.  If  the  plaintiff  fails  to  file  his  remission  within 
the  time  named,  the  verdict  is  set  aside;  ^  while  if  the  plaintiff 
does  file  his  remission  it  is  a  voluntary  act,  and  he  cannot 
thereafter  ask  for  judgment  on  the  original  verdict.®* 

§  1331.  When  a  remittitur  will  be  entered. 

While  the  granting  of  a  remittitur  lies  entirely  within  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  com-t,  this  discretion  will  usually  be  exercised  in 
accordance  with  reason  and  precedent;  and  an  examination  of 
the  cases  in  which  it  has  been  and  had  not  been  ordered  is 
profitable.  On  principle  the  court  should  in  no  case  grant  the 
remittitur  as  of  course;  for  the  prejudice  and  passion  of  the  jury 
may  well  have  entered  into  the  finding  upon  other  issues  be- 
sides the  amount  of  damages.™    The  court  should  be  well  satis- 

«5  Thomas  v.  Womack,  13  Tex.  580.  38,  10.5  Pac.  144  (no  further  time  can 

«^  8  Lea,  687.  be  given  by  the  Supreme  Court). 

«'  Goodno  V.  Oshkosh,  28  Wis.  300;  «'  Colorado:  Colorado  City  v.  Liafe, 

Patten  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  32  28  Colo.  468,  65  Pac.  630. 

Wis.  524.  Florida:  Pensacola  Gas  Co.  v.  Pebley, 

«8  Winningham  v.  Philbrick,  56  Wash.  25  Fla.  381,  5  So.  593. 

™  Loewenthal  v.  Streng,  90  111.  74. 


§  1331  WHEN   A   REMITTITUR  WILL  BE   ENTERED  2681 

fied  with  the  finding  of  the  jury  upon  other  issues,  before  the 
verdict  is  allowed  to  stand  upon  a  remittitur  being  entered. 
And  in  Arkansas  it  was  held  that  where  exemplary  damages 
are  wrongly  included,  the  court  is  incompetent  to  order  a 
remittitur. ''^  In  West  Virginia  it  is  said  that  a  remittitur  will 
not  be  ordered  where  the  court  has  no  bases  for  estimating  the 
exact  amount  of  the  damages.''^ 

Where  the  damages  are  excessive,  but  the  excessive  portion 
of  the  verdict  may  easily  be  separated,  the  court  wiU  order  the 
remission  of  this  portion,  and,  upon  that  being  done,  will  up- 
hold the  verdict; "  as  where  the  verdict  is  so  much  for  com- 
pensatory and  so  much  for  exemplary  damages,  and  exemplary 
damages  are  not  permissible,'*  or  the  verdict  is  excessive  only 
because  it  exceeds  the  amount  claimed.'^  And  where  the  excess 
is  due  to  an  error  in  calculation  which  is  discoverable  by  the 
court,  the  error  may  be  corrected  by  a  remittitur.''^ 

On  the  other  hand,  if  the  verdict  is  excessive  because  of  bias, 
passion,  or  prejudice,  the  error  taints  the  whole  verdict,  and  a 
new  trial  should  be  granted  without  remittitur; "  or  if  there  is  no 
way  of  estimating  the  excess,  as  where  exemplary  damages 
were  wrongly  included  with  compensatory,'*  or  an  erroneous 
conception  of  the  law  acted  upon  by  the  jury.''    But  where 

"  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Hall,  53  Texas:  Lewter  v.  Lindley  (Tex.  Civ. 

Ark.  7,  13  S.  W.  138.  App.),  121  S.  W.  178. 

"  Unfried  v.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  34  "  Colorado:  F.  M.  Davis  I.  W.  Co.  v. 

W.  Va.  260,  12  S.  E.  512.  White,  31  Colo.  82,  71  Pac.  384. 

"  Georgia:  City  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Brauss,  70  Georgia:  Savannah,  F.  &  W.  Ry.  v. 

Ga.  368.  Harper,  70  Ga.  119. 

Iowa:  Callanan  v.  Shaw,  24  la.  441.  Iowa:  Welsh  v.  Tri-City  Ry.,  148  la. 

Nebraska:  Brown  v.  Drake,  28  Neb.  200,  126  N.  W.  1118. 

695,  45  N.  W.  47.  Kansas:  Steinbuchel  v.  Wright,  43 

"  Utah:  Rugg  v.  Tolman,  117  Pac.  Kan.  307,  23  Pao.  560;  Drumm  v.  Cess- 

54.  nun,  68  Kan.  331,  49  Pac.  78. 

Wisconsin:  Stone  v.  Chicago,  S.  P.  M.  Minnesota:  Mastellar  v.  Great  North- 

&  O.  Ry.,  88  Wis.  98,  59  N.  W.  457.  ern  Ry.,  100  Mmn.  236,  110  N.  W. 

"  Geisberg  v.  Mutual  B.  &  L.  Assoc.  869. 

(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  60  S.  W.  478.  ™  Illincds:    Chicago    U.    T.    Co.    v. 

'8  Montana:  Lewis  i;.  Northern  Pac.  Lauth,  216  111.  176,  74  N.  E.  738. 

Ry.,  36  Mont.  207,  92  Pac.  469.  Mississippi:  Chicago,  St.  L.  &  N.  O. 

New  York:  MuUer  v.  Barker  (Misc.),  R.  R.  v.  Jarrett,  59  Miss.  470. 

90  N.  Y.  Supp.  388.  "  United  States:  Jayne  v.  Loder,  149 

Oklahoma:  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.  v.  Fed.  21,  78  C.  C.  A.  653,  7  L.  R.  A. 

Wehrman,  25  Okla.  147,  105  Pac.  328.  (N.  S.)  984. 


2682  EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES  §  1332 

the  error  is  the  simple  one  of  grossly  overestimating,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  court,  the  proper  compensation  for  a  loss  which 
the  jury  is  properly  directed  to  estimate,  it  is  usually  held 
proper  for  the  court  to  permit  a  remittitur,  even  if  the  injury 
is  a  non-pecuniary  one.^"  In  a  few  such  cases,  however,  the 
court  has  declined  to  order  a  remittitur,  but  has  set  the  verdict 
aside  and  ordered  a  new  trial.*^ 

§  1332.  Action  of  appellate  courts  on  excessive  damages. 

It  is  not  every  court  which  will  interfere  in  a  case  of  ex- 
cessive damages.  In  some  com-ts  which  sit  exclusively  to  de- 
cide points  of  law,  the  question  of  excessive  damages  is  not 
considered,  being  left  entirely  to  the  trial  court.  It  has  been 
so  determined  in  the  New  York  Court  of  Appeals,*^  and  in  the 
Supreme  Courts  of  Illinois,*'  New  Hampshire,**  Oregon,*^ 
South  Carolina,**  and  in  the  Federal  appellate  courts.*''  In 
Connecticut  it  was  said  that  the  Supreme  Court  would  not 
review  a  verdict  unless  all  the  evidence  were  before  them.** 

On  the  other  hand,  it  sometimes  happens  that  the  trial  court 
sets  aside  or  cuts  down  the  verdict  of  a  jury,  and  the  plaintiff 
thereupon  takes  the  question  to  an  appellate  court;  and  that 

Illinois:    Jones    &    Adams    Co.    v.  Missouri:   Thero   v.   Missouri   Pac. 

George,  227  III.  64,  81  N.  E.  4.  Ry.,   144  Mo.   App.   161,   129  S.  W. 

*"  California:  Davis  v.  Southern  Pac.  266. 

Co.,  98  Cal.  13,  32  Pac.  646.  '^  Gale  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

Florida:  Pensacola  Gas  Co.  v.  Peb-  76  N.  Y.  594. 

ley,  25  Fla.  381,  5  So.  593.  «'  McCulIoch  v.  niinois  Steel  Co.,  243 

Kansas:  Union  Pac.  Ry.  v.  Mitchell,  111.  464,  90  N.  E.  664. 

56  Kan.  324,  43  Pac.  244;  Davis  v.  '*  Merrill  v.  Perkins,  61  N.  H.  262. 

Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  81  Kan.  505,  '=  Nelson  v.  Oregon  Ry.  &  N.  Co.,  13 

106  Pac.  288;  Rea-Patterson  Mill  Co.  v.  Ore.  141,  9  Pac.  321,  57  Am.  Rep.  6; 

Myrick,  10  Kan.  App.  581,  63  Pac.  462  Lindsay  v.  Grande  R.  L.  Co.,  48  Ore. 

(pecuniary  damage).  430,  87  Pac.  145. 

Missouri:  Osbom  v.  Quincy,  O.  &  K.  ™  Petrie  v.  Columbia  &  G.  R.  R.,  29 

C.  Ry.  (Mo.  App.),  129  S.  W.  226.  S.  C.  303. 

Texas:  Producers'  Oil  Co.  v.  Barnes  "  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Davies,  146 

(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  120  S.  W.  1023.  Fed.  247,  76  C.  C.  A.  613;  Mason  C.  & 

»'  Arizona:    Southern    Pac.    Co.    v.  F.  D.  R.  R.  v.  Boynton,  158  Fed.  599, 

Fitchett,  9  Ariz.  128,  80  Pac.  359.  85  C.  C.  A.  421;  Toledo,  S.  L.  &  W.  R. 

Indiana:  Nickey  v.  Zonker,  22  Ind.  R.  v.  Kountz,  168  Fed.  832,  94  C.  C.  A. 

App.  211,  53  N.  E.  478.  244. 

Kansas:  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  v.  ^  Page  v.  Merwin,  54  Conn.  426. 
Richards,  58  Kan.  344,  49  Pac.  436. 


§  1333  WHAT  AMOUNT  IS  EXCESSIVE  2683 

court  may  then  reverse  the  action  of  the  trial  court  and  restore 
the  verdict  of  the  jury  on  the  ground  that  it  was  not  excessive.*^ 

§  1333.  What  amount  is  excessive. 

In  determining  what  amount  is  excessive  the  court  is  not 
only  exercising  its  discretion,  but  also  passing  on  a  question  of 
fact,  raised  in  a  particular  case  which  cannot  be  hke  any  other 
case  subsequently  presented.  No  decision  upon  what  amount 
of  damages  is  excessive  can  therefore  be  an  authority  in  any 
other  case.  Yet  it  is  sometimes  most  helpful  to  a  court,  in 
deciding  the  question  of  excessiveness,  to  know  what  has  been 
the  action  of  other  courts  in  similar  cases;  not  as  establishing 
a  controlling  rule  of  law,  but  as  evidence  of  the  common  judg- 
ment or  opinion  of  courts  on  the  subject.*  A  verdict  largely 
exceeding  the  average  amount  awarded  for  injuries  of  a  like 
nature  and  extent  has  been  said  to  be  excessiver'^  And  in  an 
action  in  Louisiana,  for  the  death  of  two  children,  where  the 
court  was  to  estimate  the  proper  compensation,  finding  that  it 
had  previously  allowed  $6,000  for  the  death  of  one  child  of 
about  the  same  age,  it  allowed  $12,000  for  the  death  of  the  two 
children.^2 

For  these  reasons  it  has  seemed  wise  to  collect  here  a  large 
number  of  cases  where  the  courts  have  passed  upon  the  ex- 
cessiveness or  inadequacy  of  verdicts.  But  considering  that 
"the  purchasing  power  of  mon^y  is  less  than  it  has  been  in  the 
past,"  ^^  and  that  any  but  recent  cases  might  for  that  reason 
and  other  similar  reasons  be  misleading  rather  than  helpful, 
we  have  generally  confined  our  citation  of  authorities  to  cases 
recently  decided. 

83  Minnesota:  Blume  v.   Scheer,   83  72  App.  Div.  578,  76  N.  Y.  Supp.  528. 

Minn.  409,  86  N.  W.  446;  Halness  v.  See  McMahon  v.  New  Orleans  R.  &  L. 

Anderson,  110  Minn.  204,  124  N.  W.  Co.,  127  La.  544,  53  So.  857,  32  L.  R.  A. 

830.  (N.  S.)  346. 

New  York:  Scott  v.  Sun  P.  &  P.  "  Lockwood  w.  Twenty-third  St.  Ry., 

Assoc,  74  Hun,  284,  26  N.  Y.  Supp.  15  Daly,  374,  7  N.  Y.  Supp.  663. 

690.  ^'  Cherry  v.  Louisiana  &  A.  Ry.,  121 

Rhode  Island:  Smith  v.  Macomber,  La.  471,  46  So.  596,  17  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.) 

28  R.  I.  248,  66  Atl.  570.  505. 

«» Johnson  v.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  144  ''  Monroe,  J.,  in  Dole  v.  New  Orleans 

N.  Y.  719,  39  N.  E.  857,  80  Hun,  306,  Ry.  &  L.  Co,,  121  La.  945,  46  So.  929, 

30  N.  Y.  Supp.  318;  Swanton  v.  King,  19  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  623. 


2684 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1334 


§  1334.  Pecuniary  loss. 

Where  the  loss  is  pecuniary,  or  to  property,  the  verdict  will 
not  in  general  be  regarded  as  excessive  where  the  amount  of  it 
is  no  greater  than  is  justified  by  some  evidence  in  the  case,*^  or 
is  greater  only  by  the  amount  of  allowable  interest.^^  On  the 
other  hand,  if  the  verdict  much  exceeds  the  highest  estimate 
of  value  by  the  witnesses,  it  will  be  set  aside  as  excessive.'' 

The  court  has  passed  upon  verdicts  claimed  to  be  ex- 
cessive in  many  cases  of  ordinary  trespass,^'  aggravated  tres- 


»« Iowa:  Ball  v.  Keokuk  &  N.  W.  Ry., 
74  la.  132,  37  N.  W.  110. 

Kansas:  Pate  v.  Fitzhugh,  46  Kan. 
129,  26  Pao.  452. 

Minnesota:  Hinton  v.  Eastern  Ry., 
72  Minn.  339,  76  N.  W.  373. 

Nebraska:  Buel  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P. 
Ry.,  81  Neb.  430,  116  N.  W.  299. 

Nevada:  Paul  v.  Cragnaz,  25  Nev. 
293,  59  Pac.  857,  60  Pao.  983. 

New  York:  McCarten  v.  Flagler,  69 
Hun,  134,  23  N.  Y.  Supp.  263;  Meisch 
V.  Rochester  El.  Ry.,  72  Hun,  604,  25 
N.  Y.  Supp.  244;  Hentz  v.  Mt.  Vernon, 
78  App.  Div.  515,  79  N.  Y.  Supp.  774; 
-Reisenberg  v.  New  York  City  Ry. 
(Misc.),  91  N.  Y.  Supp.  4. 

North  Dakota:  McDonnell  v.  Min- 
neapolis, S.  P.  &  S.  S.  M.  Ry.,  17  N.  D. 
606,  118  N.  W.  819. 

Texas:  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.  v.  Peay 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  26  S.  W.  768;  Foley  v. 
Houston,  B.  &  T.  Ry.  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
110  S.  W.  96. 

Wisconsin:  Dwight  Bros.  Paper  Co. 
V.  Western  Paper  Co.,  114  Wis.  414,  90 
N.  W.  444. 

Wyoming:  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  v. 
Morris,  16  Wyo.  308,  93  Pac.  664. 

Where  the  verdict  was  greatly  in  ex- 
cess of  the  evidence  of  all  unprejudiced 
witnesses,  though  no  greater  than  the 
plaintiff's  estimate,  the  court  in  one 
case  set  the  verdict  aside  as  not  sup- 
ported by  the  evidence.  Turner  v. 
Hardin,  80  la.  691,  45  N.  W.  758. 

»5  Chicago,  S.  L.  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Barnes, 
2  Ind.  App.  213,  28  N.  E.  328. 


"  Georgia:  Postal  T.  C.  Co.  v.  Peyton, 
124  Ga.  746,  52  S.  E.  803,  3  L.  R.  A. 
(N.  S.)  333. 

Kansas:  Wichita  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Gibbs, 
,47  Kan.  274,  27  Pac.  991;  Upcher  v. 
Oberlender,  50  Kan.  315,  31  Pac. 
1080. 

New  Jersey:  Thompson  v.  Morris  C. 
&  B.  Co.,  17  N.  J.  L.  480. 

Wisconsin:  Murray  v.  Buell,  74  Wis. 
14,  41  N.  W.  1010;  McNamara  v.  Mc- 
Namara,  108  Wis.  613,  84  N.  W. 
901. 

But  see  Rhode  Island:  Shibley  v. 
Gendron,  25  R.  I.  519,  57  Atl.  304. 

"  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  not  too  great: 

$40  for  cutting  a  fish-net  by  one  who 
claimed  exclusive  right  to  fish;  actual 
damage  82.  Rose  v.  Belyea,  1  Han. 
(N.  B.)  109. 

$50  for  occupying  one-twelfth  of  an 
acre  of  land  for  four  years  and  a  half, 
the  land  being  worth  $50  per  acre, 
where  there  were  no  special  damages. 
Henderson  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry., 
83  la.  221,  48  N.  W.  1029. 

$150  for  breaking  open  cellar  door  to 
remove  gas  meter;  no  actual  damage 
and  no  aggravation.  Reed  v.  New  York 
&  R.  Gas  Co.,  93  App.  Div.  453,  87 
N.  Y.  Supp.  810. 

$600  for  entering  house,  expelling 
wife,  removing  furniture,  pulling  down 
side  of  house,  and  opening  cow  pen. 
Cook  V.  Garza,  9  Tex.  358. 

The  following  have  been  held  exces- 
sive: 


§1334 


PECUNIARY   LOSS 


2685 


pass,^*  illegal  seizure  of  property  on  legal  process,^''  wrongful 
attachment  of  wires,""  and  other  acts  of  trespass  on,  or  in- 
jury   to,    real  estate;^"    and   the   same    general   considera- 


$300  for  entering  house  and  removing 
goods  worth  less  than  $50.  Donhard  v. 
Shirley,  56  S.  W.  17,  21  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
1653. 

$300  for  entering  land  while  hunt- 
ing and  resisting  ejection.  Broughton 
V.  Singleton,  2  N.  &  McC.  (S.  C.) 
338. 

'*  The  following  verdicts  for  malicious 
trespass  have  been  upheld: 

$250  for  digging  up  land  on  Sunday 
in  oppressive  manner.  Koenigs  v. 
Jung,  73  Wis.  178,  40  N.  W.  801. 

$325  for  entering  land  and  tearing 
down  wall.  Zimmerman  v.  Bonzar 
(Pa.),  16  Atl.  71. 

$500  for  violent  and  high-handed 
crossing  of  land.  Gelding  v.  Williams, 
Dud.  (S.  C.)  92. 

$500  for  maliciously  pulling  down 
house.  Chapman  v.  Kincaid,  8  Humph. 
(Tenn.)  160. 

£500  for  boisterously  sporting  on 
land.  Merest  v.  Harvey,  5  Taunt.  442, 
1  Marsh.  139. 

$3,000  for  violent  trespass,  actual 
damage  $20.  Johnson  v.  Hannahan,  3 
Strob.  (S.  C.)  425. 

$5,000  for  entering  and  putting  up 
insulting  handbill.  Ogden  v.  Gibbons, 
5  N.  J.  L.  518. 

"  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$21.60  actual  and  $50  exemplary  for 
taking  exempt  property  on  execution. 
Stonestreet  v.  Crandell,  10  Kan.  App. 
675,  62  Pac.  249. 

$400  besides  value  of  property  for 
taking  exempt  property.  Caldwell  v. 
Porcher  (Tex.),  17  S.  W.  87. 

$500  for  illegal  distraint  for  rent  on 
Sunday.  Mayfield  v.  White,  1  Browne 
(Pa.),  241. 

$500  for  breaking  into  house  while 
owner  was  ill  to  serve  summona  in  civil 


action.  Foley  v.  Martin  (Cal.),  71  Pac. 
165. 

$1,350  including  exemplary  damages 
for  kilUng  cattle  as  diseased.  Pearson 
V.  Zehr,  138  111.  48,  29  N.  E.  854. 

The  following  has  been  set  aside: 

$500  for  unlawful  seizure  of  property 
worth  $76.  Texas  Installment  Co.  v. 
Lewis  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  30  S.  W. 
486. 

™  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$50  for  attaching  wires  to  chimney. 
Bunke  v.  New  York  Tel"  Co.,  188  N.  Y. 
600,  81  N.  E.  1161,  affirming  110  App. 
Div.  24,  97  N.  Y.  Supp.  66. 

$280  for  loss  of  time  worth  on  the 
evidence  $240.  Friedman  v.  Brooklyn 
Heights  R.  R.,  62  Misc.  477,  102  N.  Y. 
Supp.  625. 

$333  for  erecting  poles  on  land  and 
stringing  wires.  Dobson  v.  Postal  T. 
C.  Co.,  79  S.  C.  429,  60  S.  E.  948. 

The  following  was  set  aside: 

$600  actual  and  exemplary  for  cut- 
ting eight  feet  from  top  of  ornamental 
shade  trees.  Cumberland  T.  &  T. 
Co.  V.  Cassedy,  78  Miss.  666,  29  So. 
762. 

'"  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$10  for  collecting  surface  water  in 
front  of  plaintiff's  premises.  Howard 
V.  Lamoni,  124  la.  348,  100  N.  W.  62. 

$250  for  injury  lessening  yearly  rent- 
al $100.  Smith  V.  Felt,  50  Barb.  (N.  Y.) 
612. 

$250  for  obstructing  highway  for 
two  hours.  Tutwiler  C.  C.  &  I.  Co.  v. 
Nail,  141  Ala.  374,  37  So.  634. 

$300  for  destroying  roof,  well  and 
cistern  and  breaking  fences,  sidewalk, 
window  glass  and  porches.  Sanitary 
Dist.  of  Chicago  v.  Kompare,  135  111. 
App.  312. 


2686 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


§1335 


tions  apply  to  actions  brought  for  other  miscellaneous  pecuniary 
injuries.^"^ 

§  1335.  Defamation. 

The  jury  is  always  allowed  a  wide  range  in  finding  damages 
for  defamation.  Actual  malice,  long-continued  defamation, 
and  other  circumstances  justifying  exemplary  damages  will 
support  a  large  verdict;  '"'  and  for  imputations  against  a 
woman's  chastity  liberal  verdicts  have  been  allowed  to  stand.  ^"^ 

'"'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$40,000  actual  and  $10,000  exem- 
plary damages  for  malicious  state- 
ments to  customers,  injuring  business. 
American  F.  L.  M.  Co.  v.  Brown,  54 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  448,  118  S.  W. 
1106. 

$45,000,  where  there  had  been  long- 
continued  persecution.  Smith  v.  Times 
Co.,  4  Pa.  Dist.  Ct.  399. 

$25,000,  where  there  was  gross  ag- 
gravation. Young  V.  Fox,  49  N.  Y. 
Supp.  634. 

$5,000  for  wanton  publication  im- 
puting swindle  in  newspaper  of  large 
circulation.  Hartman  v.  Morning  Jour- 
nal Assoc,  19  N.  Y.  Supp.  398. 

$3,000  for  malicious  publication  im- 
puting adultery.  Grace  v.  McArthur, 
76  Wis.  641,  45  N.  W.  518. 

$2,000  for  malicious  blacklisting. 
Missouri  Pac.  Ry.  v.  Behee,  2  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  107,  21  S.  W.  384. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been  re- 
duced or  set  aside: 

$2,000  for  wanton  transmission  of 
libellous  and  insulting  message  reduced 
to  $1,000.  Peterson  v.  Western  U.  T. 
Co.,  75  Minn.  368,  77  N.  W.  985. 

$5,200  for  same  libel  set  aside. 
Peterson  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  65 
Minn.  18,  67  N.  W.  646. 

$40,000  for  malicious  charges  against 
magistrate  reduced  to  $25,000.  Crane 
V.  Bennett,  77  App.  Div.  102,  79  N.  Y. 
Supp.  66. 

'»■■  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld : 


$675  for  nuisance  by  flooding  with 
sewage,  causing  illness.  Houston  v. 
Bryan,  2  Tex.  Civ.  App.  553,  22  S.  W. 
231. 

The  following  has  been  set  aside: 

$400  for  obstructing  right  of  way 
causing  slight  damage.  Schaaf  v.  Penn- 
sylvania R.  R.,  77  N.  J.  L.  115,  71  Atl. 
114. 

M2  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$200  for  failure  to  construct  farm 
crossings,  causing  inconvenience.  Van 
Jellico  Min.  Co.  v.  Rollins,  108  S.  W. 
235,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1190. 

$2,500  for  failure  to  restore  a  high- 
way, necessitating  use  of  a  road  1}4 
miles  longer.  Post  v.  West  Shore  Ry., 
123  N.  Y.  580,  26  N.  E.  7. 

$5,000  for  slander  of  title,  causing 
business  to  fall  off  and  loss  of  sale  of 
lease  and  goodwill  for  $3,700.  Hop- 
kins V.  Downe,  21  R.  I.  20,  41  Atl. 
567. 

The  following  have  been  set  aside: 

$127.50  for  breach  of  contract  to 
operate  sight-seeing  cars,  being  maxi- 
mum loss  if  car  was  full  each  trip. 
Zabinsko  v.  Bedford  Garage,  134 
App.  Div.  318,  118  N.  Y.  Supp. 
959. 

$483.50  for  keeping  out  of  possession 
of  household  goods  for  a  short  time. 
Margolith  v.  McDonald,  62  S.  W.  1026, 
23  Ky.  L.  Rep.  248. 

$1,560,  damage  to  land  not  taken  by 
railway,  no  special  damage  shown.  St. 
Louis  &  I.  B.  Ry.  v.  Barnsback,  234 
111.  344,  84  N.  E.  931. 


§1335 


DEFAMATION 


2687 


A  charge  of  crime,  especially  if  followed  by  actual  prosecution 
as  a  consequence,  will  support  a  finding  of  heavy  damages.  ^"^ 
And  defamation  affecting  business  or  otherwise  injuring  the 
plaintiff  is  liberally  compensated.^"^ 


$500  for  imputing  unchastity.  Flan- 
nigan  v.  Stauss,  131  Wis.  94,  111  N.  W. 
216. 

$800  for  slander  by  wealthy  man. 
Fuller  V.  Fenner,  16  Barb.  333. 

$800  for  slander  against  married 
woman.  Emerson  v.  Miller,  115  la. 
315,  88  N.  W.  803. 

$887.66  for  malicious  slander  against 
recently  married  woman  of  16.  Ray- 
nolds  V.  Vinier,  125  App.  Div.  18,  109 
N.  Y.  Supp.  293. 

$1,000  for  imputing  criminal  inter- 
course with  negro.  .  Smittey  v.  Pinch, 
148  Mich.  670,  112  N.  W.  868. 

$2,485.50  for  charging  plaintiff  with 
keeping  company  with  negro.  Luft  v. 
Lingane,  17  R.  I.  420,  22  Atl.  942. 

$2,500  for  charge  of  keeping  dis- 
orderly house.  Wendt  v.  Craig,  17 
N.  Y.  Supp.  748. 

$3,500  for  malicious  charge  of  long- 
continued  unchastity  with  defendant. 
Bloomfield  v.  Piim,  84  Neb.  472,  121 
N.  W.  716. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$3,000,  mitigating  facts,  reduced  to 
$2,000.  Brooks  v.  Dutcher,  22  Neb. 
644,  36  N.  W.  128;  Bailey  v.  Kling 
(Neb.),  130  N.  W.  439. 

$7,000  reduced  to  $1,700.  Riker  v. 
Clopton,  83  App.  Div.  310,  82  N.  Y. 
Supp.  65. 

116  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
^upheld: 

$200  for  charge  of  theft.  DaUin  v. 
Mayer,  122  App.  Div.  676,  107  N.  Y. 
Supp.  316. 

$437.50  for  charge  of  theft.  San- 
born V.  Fickett,  91  Me.  364,  40  Atl.  66. 

$450  for  charge  of  counterfeiting. 
Pellardis  v.  Journal  Printing  Co.,  99 
Wis.  156,  74  N.  W.  99. 


$500  for  charge  of  rape.  Oilman  v, 
McClatchy,  111  Cal.  606,  44  Pac.  241. 

$500  for  charge  of  theft.  Fatjo  v. 
Seidel,  109  La.  699,  33  So.  737. 

$500  for  charge  of  burglary  followed 
by  prosecution  and  arrest.  Plummer  v. 
Johnson,  70  Wis.  131,  35  N.  W.  334. 

$1,458,  where  prosecution  followed 
and  cost  $700.  Provident  S.  L.  A.  Soc. 
V.  Johnson,  99  S.  W.  1159,  30  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  1031. 

$1,500  for  charge  of  theft.  S.  M. 
Burgess  &  Co.  v.  Patterson,  106  S.  W. 
837,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  624. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$1,000  for  charge  of  theft  withdrawn 
in  few  minutes;  reduced  to  $500. 
Townsley  v.  Yeutsch  (Ark.),  135  S.  W. 
882. 

$5,000,  charge  of  embezzlement,  no 
circumstances  of  aggravation.  Turton 
V.  New  York  Recorder  Co.,  22  N.  Y. 
Supp.  766. 

'™  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$50  for  calling  a  "cultured"  gentle- 
man a  "colored"  gentlemen.  Upton  v. 
Times-Democrat  Pub.  Co.,  104  La. 
141,  28  So.  970. 

$300  for  charging  butcher  with  selling 
diseased  pork.  Mowry  v.  Raabe,  89 
Cal.  606,  27  Pac.  157. 

$750  foT  slander  in  presence  of  nu- 
merous people.  Childs  ».  Childs,  49 
Wash.  27,  94  Pac.  660. 

$1,500  for  distributing  circulars  call- 
ing plaintiff  a  liar.  Turner  v.  Stevens, 
8  Utah,  75,  30  Pac.  24. 

$3,000  (reduced  from  verdict  of 
$7,500)  for  libel  against  business  char- 
acter. Hines  v.  Shumaker,  95  Miss. 
477,  52  So.  705. 

$3,500  for  charging  undertaker  with 


2688 


EXCESSIVE  OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1336 


§  1336.  False  imprisonment. 

Damages  for  false  imprisonment  have  not  taken  a  very  wide 
range,  except  in  a  few  unusual  cases.  The  largest  damages 
allowed  to  stand  on  a  first  trial  have  been  for  an  imprisonment 
which  involved  peculiar  defamation,  as  in  an  insane  asylum 
or  a  reformatory  for  women. '^"^    In  a  Kentucky  case,  Schneider 


intoxicatioii  at  funeral  of  General 
Grant.  Holmes  ti.  Jones,  69  Hun,  346, 
23  N.  Y.  Supp.  631. 

$5,000  for  charging  political  corrup- 
tion. Meriwether  v.  Publishers :  George 
Knapp  &  Co.,  120  Mo.  App.  354,  97 
S.  W.  257. 

15,000  for  serious  charge  of  fraud. 
Jacquelin  v.  Morning  Journal  Assoc, 
57  N.  Y.  Supp.  299. 

$7,000  for  charge  of  poUtical  corrup- 
tion against  judge.  Lauder  v.  Jones,  13 
N.  D.  525,  101  N.  W.  907. 

The  following  have  been  set  aside: 

$8,000  for  charge  of  selling  impure 
lead.  Butterworth  v.  Todd,  76  N.  J.  L. 
317,  70  Atl.  139. 

$5,000  for  charge  of  dishonesty  in 
profession.  Dennis  v.  Johnson,  42 
Minn.  301,  44  N.  W.  68. 

$4,600  for  political  corruption. 
Evening  Post  Co.  v.  Rhea,  81  S.  W. 
273,  26  Ky.  L.  Rep.  375. 

$1,000  for  charging  school  teacher 
with  incompetence,  reduced  to  $300. 
Sherwood  v.  Kyle,  125  Gal.  652,  58  Pac. 
270. 

"'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$100,  imprisonment  13  days,  cost  of 
discharge  $23.  Jacques  d.  Parks,  96 
Me.  268,  52  Atl.  763. 

$250,  arrest  for  illegal  voting. 
Thomas  v.  Henderson,  125  La.  292,  51 
So.  202. 

$250,  detained  in  office  45  minutes, 
became  sick  from  shock  and  disgrace. 
Kroeger  v.  Passmore,  36  Mont.  504,  93 
Pac.  805,  14  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  988. 

$250,  jail  for  two  days,  expenses  $40. 
Brosde  v.  Sanderson,  86  Wis.  368,  57 
N.  W.  49. 


$350  and  $450,  jail  for  2}^  hours. 
Bauman  ».  Lamont,  82  Minn.  477,  85 
N.  W.  236. 

$500  (reduced  from  $876),  short  de- 
tention caused  by  honest  mistake. 
Dunlevy  v.  Wolferman,  106  Mo.  App. 
46,  79  S.  W.  1165. 

$500,  arrest  for  evading  fare,  son  ar- 
rested at  same  time  had  recovered  six 
cents.  Toomey  v.  Delaware,  L.  &  W. 
R.  R.,  4  Misc.  392,  24  N.  Y.  Supp.  108. 

$600  for  imprisonment  in  ball  park 
one  hour,  no  special  damage.  Tolcott 
V.  National  Exhibition  Co.,  144  App. 
Div.  337,  128  N.  Y.  Supp.  1059. 

$800,  public  arrest.  Scott  v.  Com., 
93  S.  W.  668,  29  Ky.  L.  Rep.  671. 

$800,  jail  2  J^  hours.  Judson  «.  Rear- 
don,  16  Mmn.  387. 

$1,000,  jaU  for  some  time,  illness  re- 
sulted, exemplary  damages.  Wheeler 
&  W.  M.  Co.  V.  Boyce,  36  Kan.  350,  13 
Pac.  609,  59  Am.  Rep.  571. 

$1,000,  pubUcly  searched,  health  im- 
paired. Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Wilson, 
103  S.  W.  364,  31  Ky.  L.  Rep.  789. 

$1,000,  imprisonment  1}^  hours. 
Thorp  V.  Carvalho,  36  N.  Y.  Supp.  1. 

$1,000,  public  arrest,  imprisonment 
till  released  on  habeas  corpus.  Bollon  v. 
Vellines,  94  Va.  393,  26  S.  E.  847,  64 
Am.  St.  Rep.  737. 

$1,200,  publicly  searched.  Efroym- 
son  V.  Smith,  29  Ind.  App.  451,  63  N.  E. 
328. 

$1,271,  detained  three  days  in  de- 
tective agency.  Pinkerton  v.  Snydor, 
87  111.  App.  76. 

$1,500,  imprisonment  in  an  insane 
asylum.  "A  sad,  silent  and  fragile 
little  lady,  now  beyond  middle  hfe, 
wrongfully  declared  a  lunatic,  and  that 


§1337 


MALICIOUS   PROSECUTION 


2689 


V.  McGilV*  an  election  officer  was  illegally  arrested,  was  kept 
in  custody  three  hours,  and  suffered  no  unusual  indignity  and 
no  violence.    A  verdict  of  $4,000  was  held  excessive. 

§  1337.  Malicious  prosecution. 

In  actions  for  malicious  prosecution  larger  verdicts  have 
been  given  and  allowed  to  stand  than  in  actions  for  false  im- 
prisonment.'"'    In  a  case  in  Illinois  Mexican  Central  Railway 


of  the  most  repulsive  style,  shut  up  in 
a  madhouse,  under  the  circumstances 
disclosed,  and  with  a  stigma  branded 
upon  her  name  and  character,  .  .  . 
with  endurance  of  such  shame,  hu- 
miliation, and  crucifixion  of  soul,  as 
happily  does  not  often  fall  to  a 
woman's  lot."  Bacon  v.  Bacon,  76 
Miss.  458,  24  So.  968. 

$2,500  for  imprisonment  seven  years 
in  charitable  institution  for  ref onnation 
of  women  and  giris.  Gallon  v.  House  of 
Good  Shepherd,  158  Mich.  361,  122 
N.  W.  631. 

$2,500,  against  officer  who  wantonly 
made  false  charge,  verdict  restored  by 
Supreme  Court  after  being  cut  down 
to  $200  by  trial  court.  Smith  v.  Ma- 
comber,  28  R.  I.  248,  66  Atl.  570. 

$3,000,  third  verdict.  Union  Depot 
&  R.  R.  V.  Smith,  16  Colo.  361,  27  Pac. 
329. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$4,000,  imprisonment  three  hours,  no 
aggravation.  Schneider  v.  McGill,  64 
S.  W.  835,  23  Ky.  L.  Rep.  587. 

$750,  taken  to  poUce  station  and 
searched,  no  exemplary  damages. 
Staples  V.  Schmid,  18  R.  I.  224,  26 
Atl.  193. 

$550,  arrest  for  evading  fare,  no  ac- 
tual damage,  circumstances  of  mitiga- 
tion, reduced  to  $10.  Palmer  v.  Maine 
Cent.  R.  R.,  92  Me.  399,  42  Atl.  800, 
69  Am.  St.  Rep.  513,  44  L.  R.  A. 
673. 

$500,  no  humiUation  or  expense, 
short  imprisonment.     Miller  v.   Ash- 

169 


craft,  98  Ky.  314,  32  S.  W.  1085,  17  Ky. 
L.  Rep.  894. 

$400,  formal  arrest  for  non-payment 
taxes,  paid  at  once;  judges  respectively 
mentioned  $50,  $100  and  $250  as  limit. 
Fanjoy  v.  Portland,  29  N.  B.  24. 

$288,  refused  to  give  bonds,  asked 
to  be  locked  up,  on  reaching  jail  re- 
leased; reduced  to  $100.  Yost  o. 
Tracy,  13  Utah,  431,  45  Pac.  346. 

1K8  23  Ky.  L.  Rep.  587,  64  S.  W.  835. 

"'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$70,  ten  days  in  jail.  Peterson  v. 
Toner,  80  Mich.  350,  45  N.  W.  346. 

$300,  no  special  damages.  Weil  v. 
Israel,  42  La.  Ann.  955,  964,  8  So.  826. 

$400,  prosecution  for  larceny  of 
worthless  fence.  Haas  v.  Powers,  130 
Wis.  406,  110  N.  W.  205. 

$450,  prosecution  for  theft  of  valise. 
Orefice  v.  Savarese,  113  N.  Y.  Supp. 
175. 

$500,  prosecution  for  stealing  horse. 
Stephens  v.  Gravit,  136  Ky.  479,  124 
S.  W.  414. 

$500,  prosecution  to  force  payment 
of  debt.  Morgan  v.  Duffy,  94  Tenn. 
686,  30  S.  W.  735. 

$550  though  not  committed  to  jail. 
Martin  v.  Corscadden,  34  Mont.  308, 
86  Pac.  33. 

$600,  no  serious  inconvenience  or  ex- 
pense, exemplary  damages.  Henderson 
V.  McGuder  (Ind.  App.),  94  N.  E.  580. 

$600,  imprisoned  less  than  one  hour, 
greatly  humiliated.  Charlton  v.  Mark- 
land,  36  Wash.  40,  78  Pac.  132. 

$780,  jail  three  hours,  temporary  loss 


2690 


EXCESSIVE  OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1337 


V.  Gehr  ""  the  defendant  railway  was  sued  for  malicious  prose- 
cution and  resulting  imprisonment  in  Mexico.  Plaintiff  was  an 
officer  of  the  company,  and  was  arrested  for  embezzlement, 
kept  in  a  Mexican  jail  for  two  months,  when  he  was  dis- 
charged without  a  trial.  The  jail  was  uncomfortable.  The 
plaintiff  was  a  man  of  excellent  family  and  social  connections, 
fine  personal  character,  and  presumably  of  fine  sensibiUties. 
A  verdict  of  $40,000  was  allowed  to  stand. 


of  position,  some  expense.  Fiola  v.  Mc- 
Donald, 85  Minn.  147,  88  N.  W.  431. 

$800  exemplary  damages.  Merchant 
V.  Piekle,  10  N.  D.  48,  84  N.  W.  574. 

$1,000,  confined  in  cell  four  hours. 
Scholl  V.  Schnebel,  8  N.  Y.  Supp.  865. 

81,000,  illness,  small  expense.  Neya 
V.  Taylor,  12  S.  D.  488,  81  N.  W.  901. 

81,000  exemplary  damages.  Eggett 
V.  Allen,  119  Wis.  625,  96  N.  W.  803. 

81,500,  two  public  arrests  and  other 
indignities.  Rule  v.  McGregor,  115  la. 
323,  88  N.  W.  814. 

$2,000,  jail  over  night,  no  injury 
to  reputation.  Finigan  o.  Sullivan 
(Wash.),  118  Pac.  888. 

$2,500  exemplary  damages,  injury 
to  reputation  and  business.  Spencer  v. 
Cramblett,  56  Kan.  794,  44  Pac.  985. 

86,500.  Evansville  &  T.  H.  R.  R.  v. 
Talbot,  131  Ind.  221,  29  N.  E.  1134. 

87,500,  few  hours  in  jail,  attended 
court  two  or  three  times.  National 
Surety  Co.  v.  Mabry,  139  Ala.  217,  35 
So.  698. 

$12,500,  prosecution  for  arson  to  de- 
fraud insurance  company.  Carp  v. 
Queen  Ins.  Co.,  203  Mo.  295, 101  S.  W. 
78. 

825,000,  prosecution  of  man  fifty-five 
years  old,  salary  84,500  per  year,  cost 
of  defense  85,000.  Rawson  v.  Leggett, 
97  App.  Div.  416,  90  N.  Y.  Supp.  5. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

820,000,  former  verdict  840,000  set 
aside,  no  exemplary  damages.  Bell  v. 
Atlantic  C.  R.  R.,  58  N.  J.  L.  227,  33 
Atl.  211. 


$6,000 reduced  from  88,000,  imprison- 
ment twenty-four  days.  Fadner  v. 
Filer,  27  111.  App.  506. 

$4,500,  no  imprisonment,  plaintiff,  an 
ignorant  negro,  released  on  bond,  case 
thrown  out  by  grand  jury.  Wright  v. 
Hagerman,  42  S.  W.  917,  19  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  1032. 

$4,000,  no  exemplary  damages,  for- 
mer verdict  82,800  set  aside.  Davis  v. 
McMillan,  142  Mich.  391,  105  N.  W. 
862,  3  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  928. 

$3,500,  in  custody  one  hour,  dis- 
charged on  appearance  in  court,  ex- 
pense 850;  reduced  to  81,000.  Bill- 
ingsley  v.  Maas,  93  Wis.  176,  67  N.  W. 
49. 

$3,000,  expenses  $150,  short  arrest, 
man  of  bad  character.  Davis  v  Seeley, 
91  la.  583,  60  N.  W.  183. 

$2,500,  only  technical  arrest. 
O'Boyle  v.  Shively,  65  111.  App.  278. 

$2,000,  evading  fare,  no  special  or  ex- 
emplary damages;  reduced  to  81,000. 
Ruth  V.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  98  Mo. 
App.  1,  71  S.  W.  1055. 

81,000,  no  exemplary  damages.  Cart- 
wright  V.  Elliott,  45  111.  App.  458. 

$1,000,  released  on  bail,  attended 
court  three  days ;  8500  suflicient .  Coin- 
tenent  v.  Cropper,  41  La.  Ann.  303,  6 
So.  127. 

81,000  reduced  to  .$400.  Bell  v. 
Morse,  48  Kan.  601,  29  Pac.  1086. 

8500,  four  days'  imprisonment,  time 
and  expenses  $20,  no  special  damages. 
Sasae  v.  Rogers,  40  Ind.  App.  197,  81 
N.  E.  590. 

"« 66  III.  App.  173. 


§§  1338,  1339      BEEACH    OF    PROMISE    OF   MARRIAGE 


2691 


§  1338.  Alienation  of  affections. 

In  actions  for  alienation  of  affections  much  depends  on  the 
pecuniary  and  other  circumstances  of  the  parties,  and  a  wide 
range  is  to  be  expected  in  the  size  of  verdicts.  For  aUenation 
of  the  affections  of  a  husband,  the  loss  of  society  and  support 
is  a  large  element.""  For  ahenation  of  the  affections  of  a  wife, 
usually  accompanied  by  seduction,  the  affection  of  the  husband 
and  the  wealth  of  the  seducer  may  justify  large  verdicts;  "^ 
while  evidence  of  lack  of  affection  or  condonation  by  husband 
will  prevent  the  allowance  of  heavy  damages."' 


§  1339.  Breach  of  promise  of  marriage. 

Damages  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage  depend  largely 
on  the  wealth  of  the  defendant  and  upon  the  fact  of  seduction, 
and  a  large  range  of  damages  is  therefore  to  be  expected."* 


"'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$1,750.  Wilson  v.  Coulter,  29  App. 
Div.  85,  90,  51  N.  Y.  Supp.  804. 

$3,000.  White  v.  White,  101  Minn. 
451,  112  N.  W.  627. 

$5,000.  Nichols  v.  Nichols,  147  Mo. 
387,  401,  48  S.  W.  947. 

$5,000,  actual  and  $1,500  exemplary. 
White  V.  White,  140  Wis.  538,  122 
N.  W.  1051. 

$7,600.  Cochran  v.  Cochran,  127 
App.  Div.  319,  111  N.  Y.  Supp.  588. 

$15,000.  Lockwood  v.  Lockwood,  67 
Minn.  476,  70  N.  W.  784. 

The  following  have  been  set  aside: 

$30,000.  Sivley  v.  Sivley,  96  Miss. 
137,  51  So.  457. 

$7,000  reduced  to  $2,000.  Heisler  v. 
Heisler,  151  la.  503,  127  N.  W.  823. 

$2,000,  wife  did  not  desire  husband's 
affection.  Van  Olinda  v.  Hall,  88  Hun, 
452,  34  N.  Y.  Supp.  777. 

"2  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$15,000.  Speck  v.  Gray,  14  Wash. 
589,  45  Pac.  143. 

$15,000,  reduced  by  trial  court  to 
$10,000.  Fuller  v.  Robinson,  230  Mo. 
22,  130  S.  W.  343, 


$5,250.  Hartpence  v.  Rodgers,  143 
Mo.  623,  45  S.  W.  650. 

'1'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
set  aside  as  excessive: 

$5,000,  husband  had  connived,  and 
had  been  sent  to  jail  for  setting  wife  on 
hot  stove.  Peek  v.  Taylor,  17  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  1312,  34  S.  W.  705. 

$5,000,  second  verdict,  lack  of  affec- 
tion shown.  Bathke  v.  Krassin,  78 
Minn.  272,  80  N.  W.  950. 

1'*  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$1,500,  restoring  verdict  reduced  by 
trial  court  to  $500,  seduction,  defend- 
ant worth  $3,000.  Halness  v.  Anderson, 
110  Minn.  204,  124  N.  W.  830. 

$5,000.  Kerns  v.  Hagenbuchle,  17 
N.  Y.  Supp.  367. 

$8,000,  seduction,  defendant  worth 
$16,000.  Lanigan  v.  Neely,  4  Cal.  App. 
760,  89  Pac.  441. 

$8,000,  engagement  of  fourteen  years, 
seduction.  Hanson  v.  Johnson,  41 
Wis.  560,  124  N.  W.  506. . 

$16,000,  seduction,  defendant  worth 
$60,000  to  $75,000.  Geiger  v.  Payne, 
102  la.  681,  69  N.  W.  554. 

The  following  has  been  set  aside: 

$3,500,  short  engagement,  no  aggra- 


2692 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES     §§  1340,  1341 


§  1340.  Seduction. 

Large  ||amages  have  been  upheld  for  the  seduction  of  plain- 
tiff's wife  "^  or  daughter;  '"  but  even  larger  damages  have 
been  allowed  where  a  woman  sued  under  a  statute  for  her  own 
seduction.^" 


§  1341.  Telegraph  companies. 

In  jurisdictions  where  recovery  is  allowed  for  mental  suffer- 
ing for  delay  in  deUvering  telegrams,  or  for  non-deUvery,  many 
cases  have  been  presented  for  determining  the  excessiveness  of 
damages.  A  frequent  cause  of  action  has  arisen  from  delay  in 
messages  announcing  ilhiess  or  death,  so  that  the  plaintiff  was 
unable  to  arrive  at  the  bedside  of  a  relative  before  uncon- 
sciousness or  death,"*  or  was  unable  to  be  present  at  the 
funeral  of  a  relative.    The  recovery  in  the  latter  case  seems  to 


vation,  defendant  worth  $6,000.  Kel- 
lett  V.  Robie,  99  Wis.  303, 74  N.  W.  781. 

'1'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$3,000.  Smith  v.  Meyers,  52  Neb. 
70,  71  N.  W.  1006. 

$4,275.  Dorman  v.  Sebree,  21  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  634,  52  S.  W.  809. 

""  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$1,200.  Thiebault  v.  Prendergast 
(R.  I.),  69  Atl.  922. 

$3,000.  Riddle  v.  McGinnis,  22 
W.  Va.  253. 

$3,500.  Kerns  v.  Hagenbuchle,  17 
N.  Y.  Supp.  369. 

"'  $25,000  not  excessive.  Marshall 
V.  Taylor,  98  Cal.  55,  32  Pac.  867,  35 
Am.  St.  Rep.  14. 

11'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$300.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Gillis,  97 
Ark.  226,  133  S.  W.  833. 

$500.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  u.  Cleve- 
land, 169  Ala.  131,  53  So.  80. 

$500.  Arkansas  &  L.  Ry.  v.  Stroude, 
82  Ark.  117,  100  S.  W.  760. 

$955.50.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Price, 
137  Ky.  758,  126  S.  W.  1100,  29  L.  R. 
A.  (N.  S.)  836. 


$1,000.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Black- 
mer,  82  Ark.  526,  102  S.  W.  366. 

$1,150.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Ben- 
nett (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  124  S.  W.  151. 

$1,200.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Cobb 
(Tex.  Qv.  App.),  118  S.  W.  717. 

$1,950.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Zane,  6 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  585,  25  S.  W.  722. 

$1,995.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Sloss, 
45  Tex.  Civ.  App.  153,  100  S.  W.  354. 

$2,000.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Hough- 
ton (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  26  S.  W.  448. 

$2,150.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Finer, 
9  Tex.  Civ.  App.  152,  29  S.  W.  66. 

$2,500.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Evans, 
5  Tex.  Civ.  App.  55,  23  S.  W.  998. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$5,000.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Evans, 
1  Tex.  Civ.  App.  297,  21  S.  W.  266. 

$4,750.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Finer, 
1  Tex.  Civ.  App.  301,  21  S.  W.  315. 

$1,250,  could  not  have  arrived  before 
father  became  unconscious,  reduced  to 
$500.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Bouchell, 
28  Tex.  Civ.  App.  23,  67  S.  W.  159. 

$900,  delay  of  several  days,  but 
reached  bedside  thirty-six  hours  before 
death.  Newport  N.  &  M.  V.  R.  R.  v. 
Griffin,  92  Tenn.  694,  22  S.  W.  737. 


§1342 


CARBIERS 


2693 


have  been  graduated  according  to  the  relationship.""  In  other 
cases  also  the  excessiveness  of  damages  allowed  against  a  tele- 
graph company  has  been  brought  in  question."" 

§  1342.  Carriers. 

For  any  misuse  of  a  passenger  by  a  carrier  the  damages  are 
partly  non-pecuniary,  leaving  the  assessment  to  the  judgment 
of  a  jury;  and  the  question  of  excessiveness  is  often  presented. 
Thus  the  court  has  had  to  pass  upon  the  damages  in  cases 
where  a  carrier  failed  to  stop  to  take  on  a  passenger,"^  or  failed 
to  stop  the  conveyance  and  leave  him  at  his  destination,  thus 


'"  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$400.25  (brother).  Western  U.  T. 
Co.  V.  Bell,  48  Tex.  Civ.  App.  359,  106 
S.  W.  1147. 

$500  (brother).  Western  U.  T.  Co. !). 
Hill  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  26  S.  W.  252. 

8700  (brother).  Western  U.  T.  Co. 
V.  Thompson,  18  Tex.  Civ.  App.  279,  44 
S.  W.  402. 

$1,000  (wife).  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v. 
Fuel,  165  Ala.  391,  51  So.  571. 

81,000  (brother).  Western  U.  T. 
Co.  V.  Caldwell,  126  Ky.  42,  102  S.  W. 
840,  31  Ky.  L.  Rep.  497,  12  L.  R.  A. 
(N.  S.)  748. 

81,350  (father).  Western  U.  T.  Co. 
V.  McDavid  (Tex.  Qv.  App.),  121 S.  W. 
893. 

82,000  (mother).  Western  U.  T.  Co. 
V.  Hardison  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  101  S.  W. 
541. 

The  following  were  set  aside: 

$1,354  (brother).  Western  U.  T.  Co. 
V.  Weniski,84  Ark.  457,  106  S.  W.  486. 

8750  (son),  could  not  have  arrived 
till  after  decomposition  set  in;  reduced 
to  $350.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Rhine, 
90  Ark.  57,  117  S.  W.  1069. 

"» The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$100,  plaintiff  not  met  on  arrival  at 
station,  suffered  inconvenience.  West- 
em  U.  T.  Co.  V.  Karr,  5  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
60,  24  S.  W.  302. 

$450,  plaintiff  told  both  parents  dead 


instead  of  only  one.  Western  TJ.  T.  Co. 
t;.  Taylor,  122S.  W.  131. 

$750,  plaintiff  traveling  with  body  of 
deceased  child  not  met  on  arrival  at 
station.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Giffin,  27 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  306,  65  S.  W.  661. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$1,999.99  for  delay  in  getting  physi- 
cian for  sick  child.  Western  U.  T.  Co. 
V.  Berdine,  2  Tex.  Civ.  App.  577,  21 
S.  W.  982. 

$1,000  for  delaying  information  of 
mother's  condition;  reduced  to  $500. 
Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Hiller,  93  Miss. 
658,  47  So.  377. 

$345  for  causing  necessity  of  hack 
ride  for  20  miles.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v. 
Collins,  156  Ala.  333,  47  So.  61. 

^'^  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$100,  plaintiff  forced  to  walk  home, 
took  all  night.  Indiana  U.  T.  Co.  v. 
Heller,  44  Ind.  App.  385,  89  N.  E.  419. 

8250,  physician  on  way  to  see  pa- 
tients. Southern  Ry.  v.  Wallis,  133  Ga. 
553,  66  S.  E.  370,  30  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.) 
401. 

The  following  have  been  set  aside  as 
excessive: 

81,500,  no  special  damages,  exem- 
plary damages  allowed.  Memphis  & 
C.  R.  R.  V.  Green,  52  Miss.  779. 

$1,000,  caught  in  rain  and  became 
sick.  Bums  v.  Alabama  &  V.  R.  R.,  93 
Miss.  186,  47  So.  640. 


2694 


EXCESSIVE  OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1342 


compelling  him  to  return  from  the  place  where  he  was  left,i^^ 
or  where  it  failed  to  carry  him  through  to  his  destination.  ^^^ 
For  wrongful  expulsion  of  a  passenger  the  damages  may  be  af- 
fected by  the  humiliating  circumstances  of  the  expulsion,  i^'*  the 
insulting  or  violent  language  or  conduct  of  the.conductor,^^^  or 


"'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

875,  carried  two  miles,  exposure  and 
illness.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R.  v. 
Knight,  81  Ark.  429,  99  S.  W.  684. 

$150,  including  exemplary  damages. 
Birmingham  R.  L.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Nolan, 
134  Ala.  329,  32  So.  715. 

$500,  including  exemplary  damages, 
carried  three-fourths  mile  beyond  sta^- 
tion  at  night  in  rain.  Eiggins  v.  Louis- 
ville &  N.  R.  R.,  64  Miss.  80,  8  So.  176. 

$1,000,  where  passenger  was  injured 
while  waUdng  back.  Winkler  v.  St. 
Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R.,  21  Mo.  App.  99. 

$1,000,  including  exemplary  dam- 
ages, conductor  used  profane  and  in- 
sulting language.  Fordyce  v.  Nix,  58 
Ark.  136,  23  S.  W.  967. 

$1,500,  exposure  caused  illness.  St. 
Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Day,  86  Ark. 
104,  110  S.  W.  220. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$1,750,  insulted,  walked  half  mile, 
made  nervous.  North  Alabama  Trac. 
Co.  V.  Daniel,  158  Ala.  414,  48  So.  50. 

$1,000,  walked  back  at  night  over 
trestle  and  was  frightened;  reduced  to 
$500.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.  v.  Mansell  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  23  S.  W.  549. 

$300,  no  special  damages.  Southern 
R.  R.  V.  Bryant,  105  Ga.  316,  31  S.  E. 
182. 

"a  $210,  upheld,  dark  night,  walk  of 
several  miles.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v. 
Sain  (Tex.  Qv.  App.),  24  S.  W.  958. 

$300,  excessive,  reduced  to  $200. 
Moss  ».  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  128  Mo. 
App.  385,  107  S.  W.  422. 

"*  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld  where  there  were  circumstances 
of  humiliation: 


$60.    Dalton  v.  Beers,  38  Conn.  529. 

$200,  where  walked  six  miles  in  rain. 
Fordyce  v.  Manuel,  82  Tex.  527,  18 
S.  W.  657. 

$250,  boy  of  thirteen,  only  thirty 
yards  from  starting  point.  St.  Louis 
S.  W.  R.  R.  V.  Furlow,  81  Ark.  496,  99 
S.  W.  689. 

$500.  Cagney  ».  Manhattan  R.  R.,  2 
N.  Y.  Supp.  410. 

$500,  Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Lee 
(Tex.  av.  App.),  123  S.  W.  154. 

$650,  walked  five  miles.  Chamber- 
lain ».  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  R.  R.,  122 
Mich.  477,  81  N.  W.  339. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been  held 
excessive: 

$5,000.  Warner  v.  Southern  Pac. 
Co.,  113  Cal.  105,  45  Pac.  187,  54  Am. 
St.  Rep.  327. 

$4,000.  Elser  v.  Southern  Pac.  Co., 
7  Cal.  App.  493,  94  Pac.  852. 

$1,900;  reduced  to  $500.  Willson  v. 
Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  5  Wash.  621,  32 
Pac.  468. 

$1,400,  expulsion  of  woman  causing 
great  nervous  suffering ;  reduced  to  $400. 
Sloane  v.  Southern  California  R.  R.,  Ill 
Cal.  668,  44  Pac.  320,  32  L.  R.  A.  193. 

$900,  expulsion  from  I^illman  car. 
Pullman  Co.  v.  Custer  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  140  S.  W.  847. 

$500.  Camden  I.  Ry.  v.  Frazier,  97 
S.  W.  776,  30  Ky.  L.  Rep.  186. 

$390.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  t;. 
Hogue,  50  Kan.  40,  31  Pac.  698. 

"^  The  following  verdicts  were  up- 
held where  the  carrier's  servants  were 
insulting  or  used  unnecessary  violence : 

$150  reduced  to  $100.  Brown  v. 
Minneapolis  &  S.  P.  S.  Ry.,  102  Minn. 
298,  113  N.  W.  895. 

$299.54.     Wightman  v.  Chicago  & 


§1342 


CAERIERS 


2695 


the  inconvenience  of  the  place  where  the  passenger  is  ex- 
pelled; "*  or  by  serious  injuries  supervening  on  the  expulsion;  *" 
but  if  there  are  no  circumstances  of  aggravation,  large  damages 
will  not  be  allowed,  ^^  unless  exemplary  damages  may  be  al- 


N.  R.  R.,  73  Wis.  169,  40  N.  W.  689,  9 
Am.  St.  Rep.  778,  2  L.  R.  A.  185. 

$300.  Southern  Pac.  Co.  v.  Craner 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  101  S.  W.  534. 

$100  actual  and  $300  exemplary. 
Short  V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  (Mo.), 
130  S.  W.  489. 

$500.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  v. 
Cuniffe  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  57  S.  W.  692. 

$1,000.  Chesapeake  &  O.  R.  R.  v. 
Osborne,  97  Ky.  112,  30  S.  W.  21,  53 
Am.  St.  Rep.  407. 

$1,250.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v. 
Moore  (Tex.  Qv.  App.),  39  S.  W. 
987. 

$1,500,  serious  personal  injuries,  ex- 
emplary damages.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  & 
S.  Ry.  V.  Mynott,  83  Ark.  6,  102  S.  W. 
380. 

$1,500,  walk  of  thirty  miles  after  im- 
prisonment. Trabing  v.  California  N. 
&  I.  Co.,  133  Cal.  XX,  65  Pac.  478. 

$6,000,  leg  broken.  Singleton  v. 
Southwestern  R.  R.,  70  Ga.  464. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held 
excessive: 

$2,500;  reduced  to  $750.  Mobile,  J. 
&  K.  C.  R.  R.  V.  Kranfield,  92  Miss. 
494,  46  So.  71. 

$1,000;  reduced  to  $100.  Missouri, 
K.  &  T.  Ry.  V.  Mitchell,  47  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  307,  105  S.  W.  827. 

"°  The  following  verdicts  were  up- 
held where  inconvenience  or  physical 
injury  resulted  from  the  expulsion: 

$50.  Durfee  v.  Union  Pac.  Ry.,  9 
Utah,  213,  33  Pac.  944. 

$287.  Birmingham  R.  L.  &  P.  Co. !). 
Turner,  154  Ala.  542,  45  So.  671. 

$425.  South  Covington  &  C.  S.  Ry. 
V.  Quinn,  110  S.  W.  404,  33  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
534. 

$1,500.  Texas  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Lynch 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  73  S.  W.  65. 


The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive, in  spite  of  resulting  discomfort 
or  physical  inj\iry: 

$1,000;  reduced  to  $100.  St.  Louis, 
I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  V.  Woodruff,  89  Ark.  9, 
115  S.  W.  953. 

$850.  Masterson  v.  Chicago  &  N. 
W.  R.  R.,  102  Wis.  571,  78  N.  W.  757. 

$750.  Gillen  v.  Minneapolis,  S.  P.  & 
S.  S.  M.  Ry.,  91  Wis.  633,  65  N.  W. 
373. 

$500;  reduced  to  $250.  Gulf,  C.  &  S. 
F.  R.  R.  V.  St.  John,  13  Tex.  Gv.  App. 
257,  35  S.  W.  501. 

$250.  McLean  w.  Chicago,  S.  P.  M.& 
O.  Ry.,  50  Minn.  485,  52  N.  W.  966. 

$200.  Howe  V.  Gibson,  3  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  263,  22  S.  W.  826. 

I*'  Where  the  expulsion  caused  se- 
rious physical  injury  the  following  ver- 
dicts have  been  upheld: 

$2,500.  Flavin  v.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q. 
R.  R.,  43  Mont.  220,  115  Pac.  667. 

$10,000.  Chicago  U.  T.  Co.  v. 
Brethauer,  125  111.  App.  204,  affirmed, 
223  lU.  521,  79  N.  E.  287. 

A  verdict  of  $1,000  was  held  exces- 
sive, and  was  reduced  to  $500.  Shan- 
non V.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  44  Wash. 
321,  87  Pac.  351. 

'^  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld  where  there  were  no  special  cir-. 
cumstances  of  aggravation: 

$150.  Gileson  v.  Minneapolis  &  St. 
L.  R.  R.,  85  Minn.  329,  88  N.  W. 
970. 

$175.  Arnold  v.  Rhode  Island  Co., 
28  R.  I.  118,  163,  66  Atl.  60. 

$200.  Chicago,  St.  L.  &  P.  R.  R.  v. 
Holdbridge,  118  Ind.  281,  20  N.  E.  837. 

$300.  Phettiplace  v.  Northern  Pac. 
R.  R.,  84  Wis.  412,  54  N.  W.  1092. 

8500.  Marlow  v.  Southern  Pac.  Co., 
151  Cal.  383,  90  Pac.  928. 


2696 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1342 


lowed.  1^'    Large  damages  have  also  been  allowed  for  abuse,  as- 
sault, or  other  injury  to  passengers  by  servants  of  the  carrier  ^'^ 


$500.  Monnier  v.  New  York  Cent.  & 
H.  R.  R.,  70  App.  Div.  405,  75  N.  Y. 
Supp.  521. 

84,000,  former  verdict  for  S5,000  set 
aside.  Peck  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R. 
R.,  8  Hun,  286. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$1,500.  Cunningham  v.  Seattle 
Electric  R.  &  P.  Co.,  3  Wash.  471,  28 
Pac.  745. 

$1,300.  Comer  v.  Foley,  98  Ga.  678, 
25  S.  E.  671. 

$1,000.  Terre  Haute,  A  &  St.  L.  R. 
R.  V.  Vanatta,  21  111.  188,  74  Am.  Dec. 
96. 

$800.  Olson  V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R., 
49  Wash.  626,  96  Pac.  150,  18  L.  R.  A. 
(N.  S.)  209. 

$759.  Brian  v.  Oregon  S.  L.  R.  R., 
40  Mont.  109,  105  Pac.  489. 

$750,  reduced  by  trial  court  from 
$1,500;  further  reduced  to  $400.  Gil- 
len  V.  Minneapolis,  St.  P.  &  S.  S.  M. 
R.  R.,  91  Wis.  633,  65  N.  W.  373. 

$500.  Ijouisville  &  N.  R.  R.  «. 
Breckinridge,  99  Ky.  1,  34  S.  W. 
702. 

$500.  Finch  v.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R., 
47  Minn.  36,  49  N.  W.  329. 

$400.  Cincinnati,  N.  O.  &  T.  P.  R. 
R.  V.  Carson  (Ky.),  140  S.  W.  71. 

$250.  St.  Louis,  i.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Woodard,  69  Ark.  659,  64  S.  W. 
263. 

^'^  The  following  verdicts,  including 
exemplary  damages,  have  been  up- 
held: 

$1,325.  Louisville  City  R.  R.  v. 
Mercer,  11  Ky.  L.  Rep.  810. 

$2,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Wilkinson,  15  Ky.  L.  Rep.  92. 

The  following  verdict  has  been  held 
excessive : 

$750.  Georgia  R.  &  B.  Co  v.  Eskew, 
86  Ga.  641,  12  S.  E.  106,  22  Am.  St. 
Rep.  490. 


"°  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$250,  conductor  cursed  and  threat- 
ened woman.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.  v. 
Granger  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  100  S.  W. 
987. 

$50  actual  and  $450  exemplary; 
brakeman  knocked  passenger  down 
and  kicked  him  in  mouth.  Cathey  v. 
St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  (Mo.),  130 
S.  W.  130. 

$500,  conductor  insulted  passen- 
ger and  struck  him  in  face.  Coor- 
man  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  127 
App.  Div.  315,  111  N.  Y.  Supp. 
531. 

$750,  conductor  cursed  and  threat- 
ened. Cincinnati,  N.  O.  &  T.  P.  Ry.  v. 
Strosnider,  121  S.  W.  971. 

$1,000,  passenger  insulted  and  im- 
prisoned on  steamboat.  Ragland  v. 
Norfolk  &  Washington  (D.  C.)  Steam- 
boat Co.,  163  Fed.  376. 

$1,000,  eyes  and  nose  bruised. 
Sweeney  v.  Chicago  City  Ry.,  148  111. 
App.  351. 

$1,000.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  R.  R.  v. 
Gaines,  35  Tex.  Civ.  App.  257,  79  S.  W. 
1104. 

$1,000,  conductor  kissed  passenger. 
Craker  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  36 
Wis.  657,  17  Am.  Rep.  504. 

$2,000,  driver  criminally  assaulted 
female  passenger.  Beardmore  ».  Bar- 
ton, 108  Minn.  28,  121  N.  W. 
228. 

$2,500,  negro  servant  insulted 
woman  passenger.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F. 
Ry.  V.  Luther,  40  Tex.  Civ.  App.  517, 
90  S.  W.  44. 

$2,500,  badly  beaten.  Birmingham 
R.  &  E.  Co.  V.  Baird,  130  Ala.  334,  30 
So.   456. 

$2,500,  left  hand  crippled.  Louis- 
ville &  N.  R.  R.  V.  Ray,  101  Tenn.  1,  46 
S.  W.  554. 

$5,000,    operation   required.     Nien- 


§1342 


CARRIERS 


2697 


or  by  third  persons  through  lack  of  protection  by  the  carrier's 
servants,^"  and  for  failure  of  the  carrier  to  provide  proper 
accommodations.  ^^^  Verdicts  have  also  been  considered  in 
actions  for  other  injuries  by  a  carrier  to  passenger."' 


dorff  V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  4  App.  Div. 
46,  38  N.  Y.  Supp.  690. 

In  the  following  cases  the  verdicts 
were  held  excessive: 

$1,500;  reduced  to  $1,000.  Doran  v. 
Brooklyn  &  N.  Y.  F.  Co.,  19  N.  Y. 
Supp.  172. 

$1,000,  a  former  verdict  of  $7,000 
having  previously  been  set  aside. 
Georgia  S.  &  F.  Ry.  v.  Ransom,  5  Ga. 
App.  740,  68  S.  E.  943. 

$1,000.  Mitchell  v.  United  Rys.,  125 
Mo.  App.  1,  102  S.  W.  661. 

$900;  reduced  to  $100.  Texas  N.  0. 
R.  R.  V.  MarshaU  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  140 
S.  W.  508. 

$500;  reduced  to  $100.  Burfeindt  v. 
New  York  City  Ry.,  52  Misc.  651,  101 
N.  Y.  Supp.  589. 

$123.  Mueller  v.  Chicago,  B.  &  N. 
R.  R.,  75  Minn.  109,  77  N.  W.  566. 

"1  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$200,  reduced  from  $300.  Jansen  v. 
Minneapolis  &  S.  L.  R.  R.,  112  Minn. 
496,  128  N.  W.  826,  32  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.) 
1206. 

$250.  Lucy  w.  Chicago  G.W.Ry.,  64 
Minn.  7,  65  N.  W.  944,  31  L.  R.  A.  551. 

$1,000.  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.  v. 
Jefferson,  89  Ga.  554,  17  L.  R.  A.  571, 
16  S.  E.  69. 

$2,000.  Savannah  St.  R.  R.  v. 
Bryan,  86  Ga.  312,  12  S.  E.  307,  22  Am. 
St.  Rep.  748. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$18,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
McEwan,  31  S.  W.  465,  17  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
406. 

$15,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  The 
Western  States,  151  Fed.  929. 

$7,125.  Louisville  Ry.  v.  Welling- 
ton, 126  S.  W.  370,  137  Ky.  719. 


$1,000;  reduced  to  $500.  Whitlock  v. 
Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  69  Wash.  15,  109 
Pac.  188. 

"2  The  following  verdicts  hav«  been 
upheld: 

$700,  blind  man  with  first-class 
ticket  put  in  smoking  car  and  made  ill. 
Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Weathers,  163 
Ala.  48,  50  So.  268. 

$750  for  exclusion  from  sleeping  car. 
Braum  v.  Webb,  32  Misc.  243,  65  N.  Y. 
Supp.  668. 

$900  for  failure  to  reserve  berth  for 
sick  lady.  Pullman  P.  C.  Co.  v.  Nelson, 
22  Tex.  Civ.  App.  223,  64  S.  W.  624. 

$1,800,  married  woman  insulted  and 
threatened  with  ejection  from  berth. 
Cincinnati,  N.  O.  &  T.  P.  R.  R.  v. 
Harris,  115  Tenn.  601,  91  S.  W.  211,  5 
L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  779. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive. 

$1,150,  defendant  suffering  with 
rheumatism  not  allowed  to  occupy 
berth  during  day.  Pullman  P.  C.  Co. 
V.  Fowler,  6  Tex.  Civ.  App.  755,  27 
S.  W.  268. 

$1,000,  compelling  white  woman  to 
ride  sixty  miles  in  negro  coach;  reduced 
to  $100.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  R.  R.  v. 
Ball,  26  Tex.  Civ.  App.  500,  61  S.  W. 
327. 

$500,  failure  to  reserve  berth.  Pull- 
man Co.  V.  Pennock,  118  Tenn.  566, 
102  S.  W.  73. 

"'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$60  for  leaving  passenger  at  inter- 
mediate station.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.  v. 
Germany  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  56  S.  W. 
586. 

$600  for  failure  to  notify  woman  pas- 
senger to  change  cars.  Central  of  Ga. 
Ry.  w.  Ashley,  159  Ala.  145,  48  So.  981. 


2698 


EXCESSIVE  OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1343 


As  an  example  of  extreme  cases,  a  verdict  of  $50.00  was  held 
not  excessive  where  a  passenger  was  compelled  to  get  off  and 
walk  a  short  distance  in  the  mud."*  And  where  a  conductor 
made  a  vicious  and  unprovoked  assault  on  a  passenger  with  a 
switch  iron,  giving  him  a  long  wound  on  the  skull,  a  fracture  of 
the  skull,  a  blood  tumor  on  the  eye,  causing  loss  of  memory, 
change  of  disposition,  and  permanent  injury,  and  exemplary 
damages  were  recoverable  for  the  malice,  $5,000  compensatory 
and  $2,000  exemplary  damages  were  held  not  to  be  exces- 
sive."^ 

§  1343.  Other  malicious  torts,  or  wrongs  causing  mental 
suffering. 
For  other  malicious  torts  large  verdicts  have  been  allowed, 
as  for  malicious  attachment,"^  malicious  eviction  from  prem- 
ises,"' malicious  discharge  from  employment  "*  or  expulsion 
from  a  beneficial  order,"'  or  wrongful  invasion  of  privacy."" 
And  damages  have  been  considered  for  removing  the  body  of  a 


$1,500  for  misinformation  about 
route.  Southern  Ry.  ».  Nowlin,  156 
Ala.  222,  47  So.  180. 

$2,500  for  delay.  Southern  Ry.  v. 
Miller,  120  S.  W.  278  (Ky.). 

$5,500  (reduced  from  $8,500)  for 
causing  passenger  on  alighting  to  fall 
through  a  trestle.  Bumside  v.  Min- 
neapolis &  St.  L.  Ry.,  110  Minn.  401, 
125  N.  W.  895. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$750  for  delay;  reduced  to  $100. 
LeCIaire  v.  Tacoma  R.  &  P.  Co.,  62 
Wash.  157,  113  Pac.  268. 

$640  for  delay  in  shipping  corpse. 
Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Hull,  113 
Ky.  561,  68  S.  W.  433,  57  L.  R.  A. 
711. 

"*  City  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Brauss,  70  Ga. 
368. 

"^  Neuer  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry., 
(Mo.),  127  S.  W.  669. 

"'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 


$996.  Friedly  v.  Giddings,  119  Fed. 
438. 

$5,000.  Union  Mill  Co.  v.  Prenz- 
ler,  100  la.  540,  69  N.  W.  876. 

1"  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$200.  Evertson  v.  Sutton,  5  Wend. 
(N.  Y.)  583. 

$400.  Wood  V.  Young,  20  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  1931,  50  S.  W.  541. 

$800.  Walterscheid  v.  Crupper,  79 
Kan.  627^  100  Pae.  623. 

$6,500.  O'Conner  v.  Parrott,  22  111. 
App.  429. 

"« $1,200  not  excessive.  Gibson  v. 
Fidelity  &  Casualty  Co.,  232  111.  49,  83 
N.  E.  539,  affirmmg  135  111.  App. 
290. 

"'  $500  actual  and  $2,500  exemplary 
damages  not  excessive.  St.  Louis  S.  W. 
Ry.  V.  Thompson  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
108  S.  W.  453. 

"» $1,000  not  excessive.  Rhodes  v. 
Sperry  &  Hutchinson  Co.,  120  App, 
Div.  467,  104  N.  Y.  Supp.  1102. 


§§  1344, 1345 


ASSAULT  AND   BATTERY 


2699 


child  from  a  cemetery, "^  for  expulsion  from  a  theatre,"^  for 
abandonment  of  an  obstetrical  case  by  physician."' 

§  1344.  Exemplary  damages. 

Even  where  exemplary  damages  are  allowed,  the  amount  of 
them  is  not  entirely  within  the  power  of  the  jiu"y,  and  the 
coiu"t  will  see  to  it  that  they  bear  some  relation  to  the  actual 
damages;  if  the  amount  is 'out  of  all  proper  proportion  to  the 
actual  damages  the  verdict  will  be  set  aside  as  excessive."* 


§  1346.  Assault  and  battery. 

For  intentional  injury  by  assault  and  battery  the  circum- 
stances may  lead  to  large  damages  for  mental  suffering."^ 


"'■  $1,700  excessive.  Bessemer  L.  & 
I.  Co.  V.  Jenkins,  111  Ala.  135,  18  So. 
565. 

1^2  $250  not  excessive.  WeberrStair 
Co.  V.  Fisher,  119  S.  W.  195  (Ky.  L. 
Rep.). 

1^'  $2,000  not  excessive.  Lathrope  v. 
Flood,  135  Cal.  458,  63  Pac.  1007. 

i<*The  following  verdicts  for  exem- 
plary damages  have  been  held  exces- 
sive because  out  of  proportion  to  the 
actual  damages: 

$1,000  for  trespass  on  premises  of  a 
total  value  of  little  over  $1,000.  Cobb 
V.  Johnson  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  105  S.  W. 
847. 

$225,  actual  damages  $25.  Texas  L. 
&  C.  Co.  ».  Nations  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
63  S.  W.  915. 

$800,  actual  damages  $37.  Ahrens  v. 
Fenton,  138  la.  559,  115  N.  W.  233. 

$2,344,  actual  damages  $56.  Flanary 
V.  Wood,  32  Tex.  Civ.  App.  250,  73 
S.  W.  1072. 

$4,950,  actual  damages  $25.  Page  v. 
Yool,  28  Colo.  464,  65  Pac.  636. 

$10,000,  actual  damages  $200.  In- 
ternational &  G.  N.  Ry.  V.  Telephone 
&  Tel.  Co.,  69  Tex.  277,  5  S.  W.  517,  5 
Am.  St.  Rep.  74. 

The  following  verdicts  for  exemplary 
damages  were  allowed: 

$50,  actual  damages  $35.    Lister  v. 


CampbeU  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  46  S.  W. 
876. 

$1,500,  actual  damages  $800.  Sum- 
mers V.  Keller,  152  Mo.  App.  626,  133 
S.  W.  1180. 

$2,500,  actual  damages  $500.  St. 
Louis  S.  W.  Ry.  v.  Thompson  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  108  S.  W.  453. 

In  Bentley  v.  Fischer  L.  &  M.  Co.,  51 
La.  Ann.  451,  25  So.  262,  exemplary 
damages  of  $5,000  where  the  actual 
damages  were  $500  were  held  sufficient. 

"5  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$100,  wrist  broken.  Peterson  v. 
Toner,  80  Mich.  350,  45  N.  W.  346. 

$225.  Schmitz  v.  Kirchan,  32  Wash. 
546,  73  Pac.  678. 

$300.  Matthews  v.  Gray  (Ky.),  137 
S.  W.  517. 

$350,  malicious  assault  by  man  on 
boy.  Fleming  v.  Loughren,  139  la. 
517,  115  N.  W.  506. 

$400.  Faulkner  v.  Davis,  38  S.  W. 
1049,  18  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1004. 

$450,  malicious  assault  by  man  on 
boy.  HoUins  v.  Gorham,  66  S.  W.  823, 
23  Ky.  L.  Rep.  2185. 

$450  exemplary  damages.  August  v. 
Finnerty,  30  Oh.  Cir.  Ct.  330. 

$200  actual  and  $300  exemplary. 
McMillen  v.  Elder  (Mo.  App.),  140 
S.  W.  917. 


2700 


EXCESSIVE  OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1345 


This  is  especially  true  in  the  case  of  indecent  assault  upon  a 
woman, "^  or  in  the  case  of  illegal  search  of  the  person."^ 
Where  the  defendant,  while  running  his  saloon  on  Sunday  in 
violation  of  law,  made  an  assault  on  the  plaintiff  which  broke 
his  jaw,  made  it  necessary  to  employ  surgical  aid,  and  caused 


S500  exemplary  damages.  Coal  B. 
E.  Ry.  V.  Young,  126  111.  App.  651. 

$500,  assault  of  man  on  child.  Moore 
V.  Sturm,  88  Neb.  793,  130  N.  W.  581. 

$570,  aggravated  case.  Smith  v. 
Flannery,  69  Hun,  615,  23  N.  Y.  Supp. 
201. 

$900,  pain,  and  serious  injury  to  hip. 
Williams  v.  Williams,  132  Mo.  App. 
266,  111  S.  W.  837. 

$1,000,  including  exemplary  dam- 
ages, defendant  publicly  spit  in  plain- 
tiff's face.  Alcorn  v.  Mitchell,  63  111. 
553. 

$1,000,  plaintiff  maimed.  Slater  v. 
Rink,  18  111.  527. 

$1,000,  patient  in  hospital  injured  by 
demented  patient.  University  of  Louis- 
ville V.  Hammock,  127  Ky.  564,  106  S. 
W.  219. 

11,000,  wanton  assault  in  dining- 
room  of  hotel,  exemplary  damages. 
Borland  v.  Barrett,  76  Va.  128,  44  Am. 
Rep.  152. 

$1,250,  malicious  and  unprovoked 
battery  on  sick  woman,  exemplary 
damages.  Chicago  C.  T.  Co.  v.  Ma- 
honey,  230  111.  562,  82  N.  E.  868,  af- 
firming 131  111.  App.  591. 

$2,000,  gunshot  wound.  James  v. 
Hayes,  63  Kan.  133,  65  Pac.  241. 

$2,000,  plaintiff  a  minister.  Wagner 
V.  Gibbs,  80  Miss.  53,  31  So.  434,  92 
Am.  St.  Rep.  598. 

$2,500,  serious  injury  in  public  place. 
Rand  v.  Butte  E.  Ry.,  40  Mont.  398, 
107  Pac.  87. 

$2,500,  plaintiff  rendered  insane. 
Spear  v.  Sweeney,  88  Wis.  545,  60 
N.  W.  1060. 

$4,500,  severe  injury  to  seaman. 
Bolden  v.  Jensen,  70  Fed.  505. 

$5,000,    pain,    eyesight     impaired. 


Doerhoefer  v.  Shewmaker,  97  S.  W.  7, 
29  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1193. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$5,000  for  overcoming  resistance  of 
girl  to  entry  on  land.  East  Jersey  Co. 
V.  SUngerland,  58  N.  J.  L.  411,  33  Atl. 
843. 

$2,000,  slight  injury.  St.  Peter  v. 
Iowa  Tel.  Co.,  151  la.  294,  131  N.  W. 
2. 

$2,000,  assault  with  whip.  Goetz  v. 
Ambs,  22  Mo.  170. 

$1,000  for  insulting  assault  on  man 
of  poor  character;  reduced  to  $300. 
Matson  v.  Matson,  105  Me.  152,  73 
Atl.  867. 

$600,  slight  injury.  Nagle  v.  Cohn 
(R.  I.),  67  Atl.  419. 

i«  The  following  verdicts  were  up- 
held: 

$500.  Bruske  v.  Neugent,  116  Wis. 
488,  93  N.  W.  454. 

$700  after  former  verdicts  of  $500 
and  $510  had  been  set  aside.  Ragsdale 
V.  Ezell,  20  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1567,  49  S.  W. 
775. 

A  verdict  of  $3,000  was  held  exces- 
sive, and  reduced  to  $1,500.  Kurpge- 
weit  V.  Kirby,  88  Neb.  72,  129  N.  W. 
127. 

"'  The  following  verdicts  were  up- 
held: 

$800.  Kress  v.  Lawrence,  158  Ala. 
652,  47  So.  574. 

$2,500.  Doane  v.  Anderson,  15  N.  Y. 
Supp.  459. 

A  verdict  of  $1,000  was  held  exces- 
sive where  a  woman,  accused  of  taking 
property,  went  to  the  office  and  stayed 
there  some  time  in  order  to  get  back 
her  property.  Fair  v.  Himmel,  50  111. 
App.  215. 


§§  1346,  1347       SLIGHT   OR  TEMPORARY   INJURY  2701 

an  expense  of  $225,  and  loss  of  time,  a  verdict  of  $482  was 
held  not  excessive."*  Where  a  woman  while  in  a  deUcate 
state  of  health  was  wrongfully  ejected  from  a  house  in  bad 
weather,  at  night,  and  was  compelled  to  seek  shelter  with  a 
neighbor,  a  verdict  of  $6,000  actual  and  $1,000  exemplary- 
damages  was  held  not  excessive.""  In  Pullman  Palace  Car 
Co.  V.  Lawrence  ""  a  verdict  for  $15,000  as  compensatory  and 
exemplary  damages  for  an  assault  on  a  passenger  was  upheld; 
and  in  Nirsing  v.  Smith  i"  a  verdict  for  $45,000  was  allowed 
to  stand  where  the  defendant  murderously  assaulted  his  son- 
in-law  with  a  shot-gun,  seriously  disabUng  him. 

§  1346.  Physical  injury — Doubtful  physical  consequences. 

Where  the  plaintiff  seeks  compensation  for  alleged  injurious 
consequences  of  an  injury,  and  the  court  feels  serious  doubt 
whether  the  damage  suffered  was  in  reality  a  consequence  of 
the  injury,  this  doubt  may  be  considered  in  passing  upon  a 
motion  to  set  aside  the  verdict  as  excessive."^ 

§  1347.  Slight  or  temporary  injury. 

For  a  sUght  or  temporary  injury  small  verdicts  have  been 
held  not  excessive,  and  even  in  a  few  cases  large  verdicts, 
where  the  injury,  though  temporary  and  curable,  is  severe;  ^*' 

1"  Bicknese  v.  Brandl,  46  Ind.  App.  $4,060.     Johnson  v.  Great  N.  Ry., 

269,  91  N.  E.  41.  107  Minn.  285,  119  N.  W.  1061. 

>«  Redfield   v.    Redfield,    75    Iowa,  $4,000;  reduced  to  $1,000.     Pate  v. 

435,  .39  N.  W.  688.  Columbia  &  P.  S.  R.  R.,  52  Wash.  166, 

"» 74  Miss.  782,  22  So.  53.  100  Pac.  324. 

151 222  Pa.  8,  70  Atl.  906.  $3,500;  reduced  to  $2,000.    Billings 

152  Where  serious  doubt  was  felt  by  v.  Snohomish,  51  Wash.  135,  98  Pac. 

the  court  as  to  whether  an  alleged  con-  107. 

sequence  had  followed  from  the  injury,  $2,000;  reduced  to  $1,200.    Reynolds 

the  following  verdicts  were  held  exces-  v.    Smith,    148   la.  264,   127   N.    W. 

sive:  192. 

$7,000;  reduced  to  $2,500.    Wellman  Anything  over  $1,000.    Schierloh  ». 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  219  Mo.  126,  Interurban  St.  Ry.,  115  App.  Div.  455, 

118  S.  W.  31.  101  N.  Y.  Supp.  437. 

$5,000.    Louisville  Ry.  v.  Roser,  122  "» For  a  slight  or  temporary  injury 

S.  W.  149.  the  following^  verdicts  have  been  up- 

$5,000 ;  reduced  to  $3,000.    Briscoe  v.  held : 

MetropoUtan  St.  Ry.,  222  Mo.  104,  120  $200.    Tanzer  v.  New  York  C.  Ry., 

S.  W.  1162.  46  Misc.  86,  91  N.  Y.  Supp.  334. 

$4,250.     Webb  v.   Minneapolis   St.  $250.    Anderson  v.  Sparks,  142  Wis. 

Ry.,  107  Minn.  282,  119  N.  W.  955.  398,  125  N.  W.  925. 


2702 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1347 


but  in  general  large  verdicts 
merely  temporary  injuries."* 

$300.  Sheyer  v.  Lowell,  134  Cal. 
357,  66  Pac.  307. 

$300.  Evansville  El.  Ry.  v.  Lerch, 
40  Ind.  App.  147,  81  N.  E.  22.5. 

$300.  Riley  v.  Iowa  Falls,  83  la. 
761,  50  N.  W.  33. 

$300.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Tandy, 
107  S.  W.  715,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  962. 

$300.  Segerstrom  v.  Lawrence 
(Wash.),  116  Pac.  876. 

$350.  Barry  v.  Kurshan,  103  N.  Y. 
Supp.  120. 

$400.  Louisville  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  Davis, 
96  S.  W.  533,  29  Ky.  L.  Rep.  846. 

$441.67.  Hignett  v.  Norridgewock, 
105  Me.  189,  73  Atl.  1086. 

$450.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Grimsley,  90  Ark.  64,  117  S.  W.  1064. 

$466.66.  Vindas  v.  Bering  Coal  Co., 
145  111.  App.  528. 

$500.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Fambro,  88  Ark.  12,  114  S.  W.  230. 

$500.  Morton  w.  Pusey,  237  111.  26, 
86  N.  E.  601. 

$500.  Southern  Ry.  o.  Johnson,  101 
S.  W.  929,  31  Ky.  L.  Rep.  143. 

$500.  Baker  v.  Best,  107  S.  W.  1192, 
33  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1. 

$500.  Campbell  v.  Dreher,  110  S.  W. 
353,  33  Ky.  L.  Rep.  444. 

$500.  Louisville  Ry.  v.  O'Connell, 
126  S.  W.  1103  (Ky.). 

$500.  Creason  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  & 
S.  Ry.,  149  Mo.  App.  223,  130  S.  W. 
445. 

$500.  Norman  v.  Bellingham,  46 
Wash.  205,  89  Pac.  559. 

$600.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  Ry.  ». 
Neely,  45  Tex.  Civ.  App.  611, 101  S.  W. 
481. 


have  not  been  sustained  for 


$600.  Carroll  v.  Centralia  Water 
Co.,  5  Wash.  613,  32  Pac.  609. 

$650.  Scurlock  v.  Boone,  142  la. 
684,  121  N.  W.  369. 

$665.  Hill  V.  Glenwood,  124  la.  479, 
100  N.  W.  522. 

$700.  Harvey  v.  News  Pub.  Co. 
(R.  I.),  69  Atl.  69. 

$750.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.  v.  Jackson, 
91  Ark.  14,  124  S.  W.  241. 

$750.  Lemoine  v.  Sullivan  (Ark.), 
134  S.  W.  946. 

$750.  Ryan  v.  Knickerbocker 
Steam-boat  Co.,  15  Daly,  520,  8  N.  Y. 
Supp.  471. 

$800.  Winfrey  v.  St.  Louis  Trans. 
Co.,  122  Mo.  App.  388,  99  S.  W.  458. 

$825.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.  t'. 
Dodge,  66  S.  W.  606,  23  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
1959. 

$1,000.  Eagle  Distillery'  v.  Hardy 
(Ky.),  120  S.  W.  336. 

$1,000.  Boyle  v.  Sagmaw,  124  Mich. 
348,  82  N.  W.  1057. 

$1,000.  Hedges  v.  Metropolitan  St. 
Ry.,  125  Mo.  App.  583, 102  S.  W.  1086. 

$1,000.  Maness  v.  Joplin  &  P.  Ry., 
149  Mo.  App.  259,  130  S.  W.  87. 

$1,000.  Kelly  v.  Butte,  34  Mont. 
530,  87  Pac.  968. 

$1,000.  Rogers  v.  Mann  (R.  I.),  70 
Atl.  1057. 

$1,000.  Houston  C.  S.  Ry.  v.  Ross 
(Tex.  Qv.  App.),  28  S.  W.  254. 

$1,200.  Rush  V.  Spokane  F.  &  N. 
Ry.,  23  Wash.  501,  63  Pac.  500. 

$1,200.  Hiroux  v.  Baum,  137  Wis. 
197, 118  N.  W.  533, 19  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.) 
332. 

$1,250      (reduced     from      $2,500). 


"<  For  a  slight  or  temporary  injury 
the  following  verdicts  have  been  held 
excessive: 

$25,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Peyton 
V.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.,  41  La.  Ann.  801,  6 
So.  690. 


$25,000;  reduced  to  $12,500.  Yazoo 
&  M.  V.  R.  R.  V.  Cobb,  94  Miss.  661,  48 
So.  522. 

$17,500.  Dresch  v.  Elliott,  137  App. 
Div.  252,  122  N.  Y.  Supp.  14. 

$12,000.    Rueping  v.  Chicago  &  N, 


§1348 


BROKEN   BONES — BONES   OF   LEG  AND   HIP 


2703 


§  1348.  Broken  bones— Bones  of  leg  and  hip. 
For  a  broken  leg  the  amount  of  compensation  allowed  by  the 


Bauer  v.  Ollendorf,  12  Ind.  App.  397, 
40  N.  E.  644. 

$1,250.  Ownesboro  v.  Williams  (Ky. 
L.  Rep.),  116  S.  W.  280. 

$1,250.  Connor  v.  Wabash  R.  R., 
149  Mo.  App.  676,  129  S.  W.  777. 

$1,250.  Clegg  V.  Metropolitan  St. 
Ry.,  37  N.  Y.  Supp.  130. 

$1,250.  Ft.  Worth  &  D.  C.  Ry.  v. 
Bell,  5  Tex.  Civ.  App.  28,  23  S.  W.  922. 

$1,350.  Washington  v.  Rhode  Is- 
land Co.  (R.  I.),  70  Atl.  913. 

$1,400.  Smith  v.  Des  Moines,  84  la. 
685,  51  N.  W.  77. 

$1,400.  Southern  Ry.  v.  Cash,  110 
Va.  282,  65  S.  E.  601. 

$1,500  (reduced  from  $2,000).  Mar- 
shall V.  Saginaw  V.  T.  Co.,  157  Mich. 
541,  122  N.  W.  131. 

$1,500.  Mack  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P. 
Ry.,  123  Mo.  App.  631,  101  S..  W. 
142. 

$1,600.  Driscoll  v.  Humes,  Cruise  & 
SmUey  Co.  (R.  I.),  69  Atl.  766. 

$1,675.  Stevens  w.  E.  &  N.  A.  Ry., 
66  Me.  74. 

$2,000.  Prowell  v.  Waterloo,  144  la. 
689,  123  N.  W.  346. 


$2,000.  Plozke  v.  Detroit  U.  Ry., 
162  Mich.  632,  127  N.  W.  700. 

$2,000.  Kampmann  v.  Rothwell 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  107  S.  W.  120. 

$2,500.  A.  L.  Clark  Lumber  Co.  o. 
Johns  (Ark.),  135  S.  W.  892. 

$2,500.  Miller  v.  St.  Paul  City  Ry. 
(Minn.),  68  N.  W.  862. 

$2,500.  Heiberger  v.  Missouri  & 
Kansas  Tel.  Co.,  133  Mo.  App.  452, 
113  S.  W.  730. 

$2,500.  Citizens'  Ry.  v.  Griffin,  49 
Tex.  av.  App.  569,  109  S.  W.  999. 

$2,500.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.  v. 
Hoffman,  109  Va.  414,  63  S.  E.  432.  • 

$2,775.  Henderson  v.  Clayton,  57 
S.  W.  1,  22  Ky.  L.  Rep.  283. 

$3,000.  La  Doucre  v.  Nichel 
(Minn.),  131  S.  W.  852. 

$3,000.    Egan  v.  Dry  Dock,  E.  B.  & 

B.  R.  R.,  42  N.  Y.  Supp.  188. 
$4,000.    Morris  v.  St.  Paul  City  Ry., 

105  Minn.  276,  117  N.  W.  500. 

$6,926.06.  Phillips  v.  Taxi  Service 
Co.,  183  Fed.  869. 

$7,500.    Osterhohn  v.  Boston  &  M. 

C.  C.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  40  Mont.  508,  107 
Pac.  499. 


W.  R.  R.,  116  Wis.  625,  93  N.  W. 
843. 

$10,000.  Duffy  V.  Jacobson,  135  111. 
App.  472. 

$10,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Brown,  127  Ky.  732,  106  S.  W.  795. 

$10,000.  Corcoran  v.  Ulster  &  D.  R. 
R.,  40  N  Y.  Supp.  1117. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Smith 
V.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  10  App.  Div.  409, 
41  N.  Y.  Supp.  977. 

$10,000.  Becker  v.  Albany  Ry.,  54 
N.  Y.  Supp.  395. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Ry.  v.  Texas  Pacific  Ry., 
41  Fed.  311. 

$6,500.  Landro  v.  Great  N.  Ry. 
(Minn.),  130  N.  W.  553. 


$6,500.  Waddell  v.  Metropolitan  St. 
Ry.,  213  Mo.  8,  111  S.  W.  542. 

$6,300.  Fremont  E.  &  M.  V.  R.  R.  v. 
French,  48  Neb.  638,  67  N.  W.  472. 

$6,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Survant,  27  S.  W.  999,  96  Ky.  197. 

$5,500.  Karasich  v.  Hasbrouch,  28 
Wis.  569. 

$5,500;  reduced  to  $3,500.  Wad- 
leigh  V.  Duluth  St.  Ry.,  92  Minn.  415, 
100  N.  W.  104. 

$5,000  (reduced  from  $7,000).  Ala- 
bama G.  S.  R.  R.  V.  Burgess,  119  Ala. 
555,  25  So.  251,  72  Am.  St.  Rep. 
943. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $3,500.  Moudy 
V.  St.  Louis  D.  B.  &  P.  Co.,  153  Mo. 
App.  34,  130  S.  W.  476. 


2704  EXCESSIVE    OR   INADEQUATE   DAMAGES  §  1348 

court  has  varied  greatly."*   Verdicts  have  also  been  considered 


$5,000;  reduced  to  $1,500.  Evers  v. 
Weil,  17  N.  Y.  Supp.  29. 

$5,000.  Spofford  v.  Rhode  Island 
Suburban  Ry.,  29  R.  I.  34,  69  Atl.  2. 

$4,500.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v. 
Downs,  122  111.  App.  545. 

$4,500.  Meade  v.  Brooklyn  Heights 
R.  R.,  39  N.  Y.  Supp.  320. 

$4,300.  Levitt  v.  Nassau  El.  Co.,  43 
N.  Y.  Supp.  426. 

$3,500.  Southern  Ry.  v.  Lee,  119 
S.  W.  170  (Ky.  L.  Rep.). 

$3,500.  Shortsleeve  v.  New  York  C. 
&  H.  R.  R.,  40  N.  Y.  Supp.  1105. 

$3,000.  Graham  v.  Rockford,  142 
111.  App.  306,  affirmed,  238  111.  214,  87 
N.  E.  361. 

$3,000.  Lexington  Ry.  v.  Wood- 
ward, 106  S.  W.  853,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
653. 

$3,000.  Kentucky  &  I.  B.  &  R.  Co. 
V.  Singheiser,  115  S.  W.  192  (Ky.  L. 
Rep.). 

$3,000.  Kennedy  v.  St.  Paul  City 
Ry.,  59  Minn.  45,  60  N.  W.  810. 

$3,000;  reduced  to  $1,925.  Putz  v. 
St.  Paul  Gas  Light  Co.,  108  Minn.  243, 
121  N.  W.  1109. 

$2,500.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.  v. 
Payzant,  87  111.  125. 

$2,500.  Lake  St.  El.  R.  R.  ;;.  John- 
son, 70  111.  App.  413. 

$2,500;  reduced  to  $2,000.  West 
Chicago  St.  R.  R.  v.  Musa,  80  111.  App. 
223. 

$2,500.  Haywood  v.  Bering  Coal 
Co.,  145  111.  App.  506. 

$2,500.  Votimakis  v.  Maropulos, 
147  111.  App.  630. 

$2,350.  Fremont  E.  &  M.  V.  R.  R.  v. 
Leslie,  41  Neb.  159,  59  N.  W.  559. 

$2,250.  Haskins  i/.  Rhode  Island 
Co.  (R.  I.),  69  Atl.  335. 

$2,000;  reduced  to  $1,000.  St.  Louis, 
I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R.  V.  Stovall  (Ark.), 
136  S.  W.  169. 

$1,500.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R.  v. 
Snell,  82  Ark.  61,  100  S.  W.  67. 


$1,500.  Dixon  v.  Scott,  74  111.  App. 
277. 

$l,500;reducedto$l,000.  Comrade!). 
Atlas  L.  &  S.  Co.,  44  Wash.  470, 87  Pac. 
517. 

$1,425;  reduced  to  $1,000.  Spring- 
field Consol.  Ry.  v.  Wright,  134  111. 
App.  598. 

$1,000.  Parkinson  Sugar  Co.  v. 
Riley,  50  Kan.  401,  31  Pac.  1090. 

$1,000;  reduced  to  $500.  Yazoo  &M. 
R.  R.  V.  Kelly  (Miss.),  53  So.  779. 

$1,000;  reduced  to  $600.  Johnson  v. 
Ish  (Neb.),  133  N.  W.  201. 

$750;  reduced  to  $350.  Bellerti.Levy, 
68  Misc.  182,  124  N.  Y.  Supp.  411. 

$700;  reduced  to  $400.  Durose  v.  St. 
Paul  City  Ry.,  80  Minn.  512,  83  N.  W. 
397. 

$.500.  Southern  Ry.  v.  Turner 
(Miss.),  49  So.  113. 

$400.  Chicago  v.  Colman,  33  111. 
App.  557. 

$250;  reduced  to  $100.  Catzer  v. 
Brooklyn,  O.  C.  &  S.  R.  R.(Misc.),  112 
N.  Y.  Supp.  1088. 

$250;  reduced  to  $125.  De  Noyels  v. 
Joline  (Misc.),  116  N.  Y.  Supp.  662. 

$250.  Vilicki  a.  New  York  Transp. 
Co.,  65  Misc.  43,  119  N.  Y.  Supp.  220. 

'"  For  a  broken  leg  the  following  ver- 
dicts have  been  upheld: 

$275.  Madisonville  v.  Stewart  (Ky.), 
121  S.  W.  421. 

$500,  nervous  system  injured.  Ken- 
tucky Hotel  Co.  V.  Camp,  97  Ky.  424, 
30  S.  W.  1010. 

$900,  seven  months  lame,  leg  per- 
manently shortened.  Palmer  Transf. 
Co.  V.  Smith,  137  Ky.  319,  125  S.  W. 
725,  29  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  321. 

$985  (reduced  from  $1,000),  both 
legs,  permanent  deformity.  Mitchell  v. 
Libby,  149  111.  App.  201. 

$1,000.  Hobart  Lee  Tie  Co.  v.  Keck, 
89  Ark.  122,  116  S.  W.  183. 

$1,200.  Smith  v.  Heibel,  157  Mo. 
App.  177,  137  S.  W.  70. 


§1348 


BROKEN   BONES— BONES   OF   LEG   AND   HIP 


2705 


for  damages  from   broken  ankles,"*  broken  kneecap,* ^^  and 
broken  hips.^^* 


$1,400.  Smith  v.  DeS  Moines,  84  lai 
685,  51  N.  W.  77. 

$1,500,  pernlaiiettt  distortion  and 
pain.  IVibrgan  ti.  C.  Hager  &  Sbns'H. 
M. Co.,  120  Mo.  App.  590,  97S.W. 638. 

$1,80©;  permanent  shorteiiing.  Prop- 
som  V.  Leatham,  80*Wis.  608,  SON.  W. 
686. 

$^,000.  Pearce  'v.  Kalisas  City,  156 
Mo.  App.  236,  IS'S'S.  W.  629. 

$2,500,  permanent  itfckpacity.   Dries 


».  FredeHeh,  73  Tex.  4ea,  US.  W. 
493. 

$2,500.  Patterson  v.  MelcMor,  106 
Minri:"437,  119  N.  W.  402. 

$3,00i0  (redticed  from  $4;000);  Chi- 
cago City  Ry.  ».'  Kenyon,  137  111.  App. 
126;  affirmed,  235  111.406, 85  N.  E.  660. 

$3,000;  arm  also'  broken  afld  de- 
formed, serious  nervous  effects.  Maine 
ti.  CMcsigd  City  Ry.,  148  111.  App.  509. 

$3,000,  penrianeht  injury,  incapacity 


"«  For  a  broken  anikle  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$2,500.  Millel:  t).  City  of  New  York, 
104  App.  Div.  33,  93'N.  Y'  Siipp.  227. 

$3,000,  arm  also  broken,  earning 
capacity  imipaired.  Selma  Street  &  S. 
R.  R.  V.  Owen,  132  Ala;  420;  31  So.  598. 

$3,000,  permianent  lameness.  St. 
Joseph  &  G.  I.  R.  R.  V.  Hedge,  44  Neb. 
446,  62  N.  W.  887. 

$3,000,  Pott's  fracture.  Haney  v. 
City  of  New  York;  126  App'.  Div.  908, 
110  N.  Y.  Supp.  815. 

$3,000,  permanent  stiffiiess.  St. 
Joseph  &  G.  I.  R.  R;  V.  Hedge',  44  Neb. 
446,  62  N.  W.  887. 

$4,000,  painful  and  permanent  in- 
juries. Missouri,  K.  &'  T.  Ry.  v.  Bris- 
coe (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  109  S.  W.  4S3. 

$4,000,  crippled  for  life.  St.  Louis  & 
S.  F.  Ry.  v.  Woolum,  84  Tex.  570,  19 
S.  W.  782. 

$5,000,  piBrmianerit  impairment  of 
earning  capacity.  Louisville  v.'  Ar- 
rowsmith  CKy.),  140  S.  W'.  1029. 

$6,500,  rupture,  permanent  incapac- 
ity.   The  Mineola,  44  Fed.  143. 

$7,5(X),  Pott's  fracture.  Ft.  Worth 
V.  Williams  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  119  S.  W. 
137. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$10,000.  Adams  v:  Mo.  Pac.  Ry., 
100  Mo.  555,  12  S.  W.  637,  13  S.  W. 
609. 

170 


$8,666,  strength  of  leg  permanently 
impaired,  but  not  use  of  it;  reduced  to 
$5,000.  Nicholds  v.  Crystal  Plate 
Glass  Co.,  126  Mo.  65,  28  S.  W.  991. 

$4,000,  great  pain,  permanent  lame- 
ness; reduced  to  $2,500.  Johnson  v.  St. 
Paul  City  Ry.,  67  Minn.  260,  69  N.  W. 
900,  36  L.  R.  A.  586. 

"'  For  broken  kneecap  and  dis- 
located collar  bone,  $3,000  was  al- 
lowed. Ward  V.  Mefeds  (Minn.),  130 
N;w.  2;    , 

168  For  a  broken  hip  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$2,000,  leg  permanently  shortened 
and'criFfpled.  Leonard  v.  Union  Ry., 
98  App.  Div.  204,  90  N.  Y.  Supp.  574. 

$3,0(J0.  Beringer  v.  Dubuque  St.  R. 
r!,  118  Iowa;  135,  91  N:  W.  931. 

$5,000,  impacted  fractiire,  permanent 
injury.  Kansas  City  v.  Manning;'  50 
Kaa.  373,  31  Pac.  1104. 

$5,000,  inipacted  fr&,cture,  great  paili. 
Peterson  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  211 
Mo.  498;  111  S.  W.  37. 

$7,750,  permanent  lameness.  Setzler 
V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.  (Mb.),  127  S. 

w;i. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$15,000;  reduced  to  $10,000.  Cox- 
head  V.  Johnson,  47  N.  Y.  Supp.  389. 

$12,500;  reduced  to  $7,000.  Dean  v. 
Wabash  R.  R.,  229  Mo.  425,  129  S.  W. 
953. 


2706 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1349 


1349.  Bones  of  arm  or  shoulder. 

In  case  of  a  broken  arm,  verdicts  have  had  a  rather  wide 


to  labor  for  a  year.  Campbell  v.  Rail- 
way Transfer  Co.,  95  Minn.  375,  104 
N.  W.  547. 

$3,000,  leg  shortened.  Weingarten  v. 
Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  62  App.  Div. 
364,  70  N.  y.  Supp.  1113. 

$3,000,  leg  shortened.  MaJoney  v. 
Stetson  &  Post  Mill  Co.,  46  Wash.  645, 
90  Pac.  1046. 

$3,250,  permanent  lameness,  severe 
pain.  NavaUles  v.  Dielmann,  124  La. 
421,  50  So.  449. 

$3,850,  permanent  lameness,  shoul- 
der dislocated.  North  Arkansas  Tel. 
Co.  V.  Steiner,  95  Ark.  275,  129  S.  W. 
810. 

$4,000,  permanent  shortening.  Roche 
V.  Redington,  125  Cal.  174,  57  Pac.  890. 

$4,000,  both  legs  broken.  Atchison, 
T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  V.  Hastings,  78  Kan. 
499,  100  Pac.  68. 

$4,000.  Danville,  L.  &  N.  Turnpike 
Road  Co.  V.  Stewart,  2  Mete.  (Ky.)  119. 

$4,000,  foot  crushed,  head  wound, 
long  disablement.  Burleigh  v.  St. 
Louis  Tr.  Co.,  124  Mo.  App.  724,  102 
S.  W.  621. 

$4,000,  left  arm  and  leg  permanently 
injured,  shock  to  nervous  system,  large 
medical  expenses.  Missouri,  K.  &  T. 
Ry.  V.  Malone  (Tex.  Qv.  App.),  110 
S.  W.  958. 

$4,316.75,  wrist  sprained,  ankle 
bruised,  leg  shortened.  Chicago  &  A. 
Ry.  V.  Watsker,  128  111.  App.  299. 

$4,500  (reduced  from  $6,000),  per- 
manent shortening,  lameness  and  in- 
capacity. Lehman  v.  Minneapolis  &  S. 
L.  R.  R.  (la.),  133  X.  W.  327. 

$4,500,  both  legs,  one  permanently 
shortened,  loss  of  time  and  expenses 
$1,143.  Burke  v.  St.  Louis  Southwest- 
em  Ry.,  120  Mo.  App.  683, 97  S.  W.  981. 

$4,500,  permanent  incapacity.  Evers 
V.  Wiggins  Ferry  Co.,  127  Mo.  App. 
236,  105  S.  W,  306. 

$5,000  (reduced  from  $8,000),  per- 


manent crippling.  Chicago  City  Ry.  v. 
Mumford,  97  111.  660. 

$5,000,  permanent  shortening.  Eiler- 
man  v.  Farmer  (Ky.  L.  Rep.),  118 
S.  W.  289. 

$5,000,  permanent  incapacity.  Per- 
rette  v.  City  of  Kansas  City,  162  Mo. 
238,  62  S.  W.  448. 

$5,000,  permanent  incapacity.  Pauck 
V.  St.  Louis  D.  B.  &  P.  Co.,  166  Mo. 
639,  66  S.  W.  1070. 

85,000,  permanent  injury  and  de- 
formity. Garard  v.  Manufacturers'  C. 
&  C.  Co.,  207  Mo.  242,  105  S.  W.  767. 

$5,000,  permanent  lameness.  Baker 
V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.  (Mo.  App.), 
126  S.  W.  764. 

$5,000,  permanent  lameness  and  de- 
formity. Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Johnson  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  37  S.  W.  771. 

$5,000,  broken  arm  also.  Hoseth  v. 
Preston  Mill  Co.,  55  Wash.  416,  104 
Pac.  612. 

$5,500,  compound  comminuted  frac- 
ture, permanent  injury  and  lameness. 
Kincaid  v.  WaUa  WaUa  V.  T.  Co.,  57 
Wash.  334,  106  Pac.  918. 

$6,000,  necrosis  of  bone,  permanent 
disability.  Louisiana  &  Ark.  Ry.  v. 
Nix,  94  Ark.  270,  126  S.  W.  1076. 

87,000,  permanent  shortening  and 
lameness,  constitution  impaired. 
Moore  v.  Wabash  R.  R.,  157  Mo.  App. 
53,  137  S.  W.  5. 

$7,000,  leg  shortened,  permanent 
pain.  Fitch  v.  Broadway  &  S.  A.  R.  R., 
58  N.  Y.  Super.  Ct.  575,  10  N.  Y.  Supp. 
225. 

87,500,  necrosis  of  bone,  several  op- 
erations, chronic  invalid  for  life.  Chi- 
cago V.  Loebel,  130  111.  App.  487,  af- 
firmed, 228  111.  52,  81  N.  E.  796. 

$7,595,  other  injuries,  permanent 
nervousness,  leg  shortened.  Loftus  v. 
Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  220  Mo.  470, 
119  S.  W.  942. 

$7,700,  hip  crushed,  ribs  broken,  per- 


§1349 


BONES   OF  ARM   OR   SHOULDER 


2707 


range,  as  might  be  expected  from  the  great  variety  of  ac- 


manent  disability.  Foster  v.  B.  I. 
Crooker  Co.,  143  App.  Div.  920,  126 
N.  Y.  Supp.  1020. 

$8,500,  several  ribs  broken,  lung  in- 
jured, great  pain,  permanently  crip- 
pled. Foster  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P. 
Ry.,  134  la.  67,  111  N.  W.  415. 

$9,000,  leg  shortened  and  crippled. 
Griffith  V.  Missouri  Pac.  R.  R.,  98  Mo. 
168,  11  S.  W.  559. 

$10,000,  permanent  cripple,  great 
pain.  Hilton  &  D.  L.  Co.  v.  Ingram, 
136  Ga.  473,  70  S.  E.  234. 

$10,000,  compound  fracture,  shock 
to  nervous  system,  permanent  impair- 
ment, of  capacity.  Olson  v.  Nebraska 
Tel.  Co.,  85  Neb.  331,  127  N.  W. 
916. 

$10,000,  arm  dislocated,  shoulder  and 
side  injured,  long  continued  incapacity. 
Brown  v.  Sullivan,  71  Tex.  470, 10  S.  W. 
288. 

$10,000,  bone  would  not  knit,  plain- 
tiff could  not  stand.  HaU  v.  Northwest 
Lumber  Co.,  61  Wash.  351,  112  Pac. 
369. 

$12,500,  comminuted  fracture  both 
legs,  compound  fracture  of  jaw.  Mc- 
Donnel  v.  Henry  EUas  Brewing  Co.,  44 
N.  Y.  Supp.  652. 

$15,000,  compound  fracture,  intense 
pain  for  twenty  months,  $2,300  medical 
expenses.  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Engler, 
75  Fed.  102,  21  C.  C.  A.  246. 

$15,000,  leg  shortened,  surgical  op- 
eration. Mitchell  V.  Broadway  &  S.  A. 
Ry.,  70  Hun,  387,  24  N.  Y.  Supp. 
32. 

$20,000,  both  legs,  permanent  dis- 
ability, excruciating  pain.  St.  Loiiis 
S.  W.  Ry.  V.  Ford  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  121 
S.  W.  709. 

$22,000,  both  legs,  ribs  and  back, 
paralyzed  from  waist  down,  use  of  all 
lower  organs  lost,  total  disability. 
Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Melton,  127 
Ky.  276,  105  S.  W.  366,  110  S.  W.  233, 
112  S.  W.  618. 


The  following  verdicts  were  held  to 
be  excessive: 

$49,000,  both  legs  and  right  arm 
broken,  shoulder  and  head  hurt,  incur- 
able wound,  leg  shortened;  reduced  to 
$25,000.  Canfield  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  & 
P.  Ry.,  142  la.  658,  121  N.  W.  186. 

$15,000,  compound  fracture,  several 
operations,  great  pain,  crippled  for  life; 
reduced  to  $7,500.  Dole  v.  New  Or- 
leans R.  &  L.  Co.,  121  La.  945,  46  So. 
929,  19  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  623. 

$14,833.  Southwestern  R.  R.  v. 
Singleton,  66  Ga.  252. 

$12,500,  several  months'  loss  of  time, 
use  of  leg  somewhat  impaired;  reduced 
to  $7,000.  Dean  v.  Wabash  R.  R.,  229 
Mo.  425,  129  S.  W.  953. 

$12,000;  reduced  to  $2,500.  Rueping 
V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  116  Wis.  625, 
93  N.  W.  843,  96  Am.  St.  Rep.  1013. 

$11,000,  leg  shortened;  reduced  to 
$8,000.  Rice  v.  Reece  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
110  S.  W.  502. 

$11,000.  Bronson  v.  Forty-Second 
St.  M.  &  St.  M.  A.  Ry.,  67  Hun,  649,  21 
N.  Y.  Supp.  695. 

$10,000,  both  legs,  one  permanently 
weakened;  reduced  to  $3,500.  Moore 
V.  W.  R.  Pickering  Lumber  Co.,  105 
La.  504,  29  So.  990. 

$9,000  (reduced  from  $15,000);  re- 
duced to  $5,266.20.  Ross  v.  Metro- 
poUtan  St.  Ry.,  116  App.  Div.  507,  101 
N.  Y.  Supp.  932. 

$6,000;  reduced  to  $4,000.  Clapp  v. 
Hudson  River  R.  R.,  19  Barb.  461. 

$5,000,  both  legs  broken;  reduced  to 
$3,500.  Hart  v.  Cascade  Timber  Co., 
39  Wash.  279,  81  Pac.  738. 

$5,000.  North  Chicago  St.  R.  R.  v. 
Wiswell,  68  111.  App.  443. 

$5,000.  Ross  V.  Metropolitan  St. 
Ry.,  104  App.  Div.  378,  93  N.  Y.  Supp. 
679. 

$4,100,  slight  limp;  reduced  to 
$2,100.  Slette  v.  Great  Northern  Ry., 
53  Minn.  341,  55  N.  W.  137. 


2708  EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES  §  1349 

companying  injuries."'    Verdicts  have  also  been  considered  for 


$4,000.  Lombard*; Chicago,  R.  I.  & 
P.  R.  R.,  47  la.  494. 

84,000,  severe  sprain  of  ankle,  in- 
juries to  some  extent  permanent;  re- 
duced to  $2,000.  Galveston  Electric 
Co.  V.  Diekey  (Tex.  Civ.  AppO,  138 
S.  W.  1093. 

83,000.  Chicago  v.  Sutton,  136  111. 
App.  221. 

$3,000;  reduced  to  $2,000i  South! 
Omaha  v.  Fennell  (Neb.),  94  N.  W. 
632. 

82,800,  slight  permanent  limp;  for- 
mer verdict  of  81,700  set  aside,  cOUld* 
not  sanction  more.  Collins  v.  Janes- 
ville,  107  Wis.  436,  87  N.  W.  241. 

$1,700  (reduced  from  $2,500).  Col- 
lins V.  Janesville,  107  Wis.  436,  83 
N.  W.  695. 

$1,500.  Johnson  v.  Heath  (Neb.), 
98  N.  W.  832. 

""  For  a,  broken  arm  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld! 

$500,  permanent  deformity.  Gerkfen 
V.  Plimpton,  62  App.  Div.  35,  70  N.  Y. 
Supp.  793. 

$625,  compound  fracture,  front  teeth 
knocked  out'.  D.  H.  Ewing  &  SonSw. 
Callahan,  105  S.  W.  387,  32  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  46. 

$850,  dislocated  hip,  long-continued 
pain.  Southern'  Ryi  v:  ButgesS,  143 
Ala.  364,  42  So.  35. 

81,750,  compound  fracture,  perma- 
nent impairment  of  use  of'arnS,  large 
medical  expenses.  Trasfc  v.  HalloWell 
Granite  Wks.,  106  Me.  468,  76  Atl. 
919. 

82,600,  face  bruised,  knee  hurt,  hear- 
ing permaneiltly  injured.  Louisville  & 
N.  R.  R.  V.  Roe,  142  Ky.  456, 134  S.  W. 
437. 

83,000jpain,  loss  of  time,  loss  of  use  of 
three  fingers.  Mallay  v.  Ktelly-^Atkin- 
son  Const.  Co.,  144  111.  App.  226,  af- 
firmed, 240  111.  102,  88  N.  E.  234. 

$8,000,  pain,  partial  loss  of  use  of 
hand.     Lanccin  v.  Morgan's' L.    &  T. 


RJ.  R.  &  S.  S.  Co.,  127  La.  1,  53 
So.  365. 

$3,000,  spine  and  shoulder  injured, 
ribs  wrenched,  injuries  permanent. 
Texas  Midland  R.  R.  v.  Byrd  (Tex. 
Civ.  Apt).),  110  S.  W.  199. 

84,500,  permanent  reduction  of 
working  capacity.  Sweeney  v.  Butte,  15 
Mont.  274,  39  Pac.  286. 

$4,750,  permanent  loss  of  use,  several 
operations.  Clark  v.  Johnson  County 
Telephone  Co.  (la.),  123  N.  W.  327. 

85,000,  ear  torn  from  head,  face  dis- 
fl^red,  long"  suffering,  subject  to 
spasms.  Wankowski  v.  Crivitz  P. 
&-  P.  Co.,  137  Wis.  123,  118  N.  W. 
643. 

$8,000,  ribs  broken,  head,  hip,  back 
and  legs  wounded.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P. 
Ry.  V.  Pratt,  94  Ark.  430,  127  S.  W. 
711. 

810,000,  ribs  broken,  hand,  arm  and 
leg-  cut,  back  wrenched,  great  pain. 
Yazoo  &  M,  V.  R.  R.  v.  Grant,  86  Miss. 
585,  38  So.  502. 

$15,000,  collar  bone  broken,  arm 
shortened,  plaintiff,  a  surgeon,  ren- 
dered Unable  to  do  delicate  operations, 
nervous  systemi  disturbed,  great  pain. 
Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v.  Young, 
45  Tex.  Civ.  App.  430,  100  S.  W. 
993. 

815,000,  collar  bone  broken,  chest 
compressed,  elbow  crushed.  Gulf,  C. 
&  S.  P.  Ry.  V.  Dorsey  (Tex.),  18  S.  W. 
444. 

825,000,  five  ribs  broken,  unable  to 
use  arm  one  year,  money  loss  to  trial 
89,000.  Dieffenbach  v.  New  York,  L. 
E.  &  W.  R.  R.,  5  App.  Div.  91,  38  N.  Y. 
Supp.  788. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$11,800,  stiffness  of  two  fingers;  re- 
duced to  $6,000.  Clifton  v:  Kansas 
City  So.  Ry.  (Mo.),  135  S.  W.  40. 

$1,500;  reduced  to  $500.  Diblin  v. 
Murphy,  3  Sandf.  19. 


§1350 


BONES   OF   THE   TRUNK 


2709 


broken  bones  in  the  hftndj'^*'' -,fii)ger,i"  svrist  ^*^  and. shoul- 
der. ^^^ 

§  1350.  Bones  of  the  trunk. 

For  .fracture  of  the  spine  l^ijge  dam^iges  have  been^giyen  and 
allowed."^  For  a  broken  ,rib  .or  ribs  "^  the  amount  recovered 
varies  according  to  the  accompanying  injuries  or  other  cir- 


160  pof  Jjrqken  bones  jn  a  l^and  the 
following  verdicts  have  been, upheld: 

$700.  Townsend  v.  Joplin  (Mo. 
App.),  123  .S.  W.  474. 

11,500,  hand  permanently  :Btiffewed. 
Goodloe  .V.  Metropolitan  St-  Ry-,  120 
Mo.  App.  194,  96  S.  W,  482. 

1^'.  For  a  broken  .finger  .the  ipllo)TCing 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$300,  hand  lacerated,  idisability.jf or 
three  months.  Olsen  v.  ,Wendt,  58 
Misc.  21,  110  N.  Y.,Supp.  153. 

12,500,  hand  permanently  .injured. 
Gregory  .w.  Slaughter,  99  S.  .W.  247,  30 
Ky.  Law  Rep.  500. 

162  Por  a,  broken  wrist  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$600  (though  reduced  by  trial  court 
to  $150).  Flaunt  v.  Railway  Transfer 
Co.,  90  Minn.  499,  97  N.  W.,433. 

$1,250,  hand  crippled.  Mohr  v. 
Wetherill,  33  Misc.  791,  67  N.  Y.Supp. 
690. 

$2,000,  CoUes  fracture,  permanent 
diminution  earning  capacity.  Powers 
i;.  Maravia,  125  App.  Div.  9Q2,  108 
N.  Y.  Supp.  159. 

$2,500,  Colles  fi;acture,  hand  dis- 
figured and  use  permanently  impaired- 
Schreiber  v.  Depew,  187  App.  Div.;433, 
121  N.  Y.  Supp.  757. 

"^  For  a  broken  shoulder,  with  per- 
manent impairment  of  use  of  arm,  a 
verdict  for  "$8,000  was  held  exoessiye. 
Southern  Ry.  v.  Godda,rd,  97  S.  ;W. 
392,  30  Ky.  L.  Rep.  126. 

'°*  For  fracture  of  the  spine  the  fol- 
lowing verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$1,000.  Springfield  Gonsol.  Ry.  v. 
Johnson,  134  111.  App.  536. 

$4,000,  sprained  ankle,  nervous  sys- 


tem affected.   The Cityof .Pqrtsmovith, 
125vFed.  .264. 

$4,500,  .progressive  disP'bility  for  life. 
Hamburg-Amer.  S.  Co.  .v., Backer,  185 
Bed- 40,  107  C.  C.  A.  290. 

r$18,00O,brqken-neck.  Missouri,  K.  & 
T.  Ry.  V.  Thomas,  48  Tex.  ,Civ.  App. 
646, 107  S.  ,W.  868. 

.  $25,000,  (broken  neck,  .total  disability . 
Texas  &  N.  O.  R.  -R.  .^..^Baiiwick,  50 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  544,  110  S.  W, 
953. 

In .  Gprdon  .w.  JKansas  .City  Squthern 
Ry.,  222  Mo.  516,  121  -S.  W.  80,  where 
the  plaintiff^  iback  and  five  ribs  were 
broken,  his  pelvis  find  hip  rbones 
mashed,  and  the  injuries .  resulted  in 
total  pajralysis  from  the  middle  of  the 
back  down,  and  he  had  no  control  over 
the  functions  of  that  part  of  his,  body,  a 
verdict  of  $35,000  was  held  excessive, 
and  jeduced  to  $25,000. 

1C6  ]?Qj.  fi-acture  of  one  or  more  .ribs 
the  following  verdicts  have  been  up- 
held: 

$500  (reduced  from  $600),  several 
ribs  br^dten,  two  attacks  fif  ..pleurisy- 
Ghiesigp  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Berfces,  136  111. 
App.  105. 

$988,  three  ribs-brokep,  shou,lder  dis- 
located, internal  injuries.  Beverage  v. 
RoGkport,..106  Me.  523,  76  AtI.-677. 

$l,000,.he.alth  impaired,  pain.  Mer- 
chants' I.  &  C.  S.  Co.  V.  Eargholt,  129 
Ky.  60,  110  S.  W.  364. 

$1,000,  yesj's  disabiUty.  Dabmer  v. 
Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  136  Mo.  App. 
443,  118  S.  W.  496. 

$1,000,  probably  permanent  injuries. 
McDermott  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  85 
Wis.  102,  55  N.  W.  179. 


2710 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1351 


cumstances.    Damages  allowed  for  fracture  of  the  collar  bone 
have  also  been  examined."^ 


§  1361.  Bones  of  the  head. 

Verdicts  have  been  examined  by  the  courts  which  were  ren- 
dered for  a  broken  jaw/"  or  nose/^*  or  for  fracture  of  the  skull. ^^' 


Sl,025.  Ashley  v.  Aberdeen,  46 
Wash.  385,  90  Pac.  210. 

$1,400,  shoulder  dislocated,  permar 
nent  injury.  Waukegan  v.  Sharafinski, 
135  111.  App.  436. 

$1,500,  ribs  and  foot.  West  Chicago 
St.  Ry.  V.  Mileham,  138  111.  App.  569. 

$2,000,  sprained  ankle,  nervous  sys- 
tem shocked,  lame  for  three  months. 
Lee  V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  146  Mo. 
App.  696,  129  S.  W.  773. 

$2,200,  bruised  back  and  side, 
wrenched  spine,  nervous  disorders. 
Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Hay  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  86  S.  W.  954. 

$3,000,  collar  bone  broken,  great 
suffering.  Louisville  &  S.  I.  T.  Co.  v. 
Snead,  93  111.  App.  177. 

$3,200,  tumor,  pleurisy,  adhesion  of 
lung.  Wynne  v.  Atlantic  Ave.  R.  R., 
14  Misc.  394,  35  N.  Y.  Supp.  1034. 

$3,500,  stomach  trouble,  permanent 
impairment  of  use  of  arms.  Craney  v. 
Schloeman,  145  111.  App.  313. 

$3,750,  side  bruised,  insensible  for 
some  time.  Missouri  Pacific  Ry.  v. 
Aiken,  71  Tex.  373,  9  S.  W.  437. 

$4,500,  contusion  of  shoulder  and 
head,  inability  to  work,  deterioration  in 
health.  Ivey  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R. 
R.,  63  App.  Div.  311,  71  N.  Y.  Supp. 
633. 

14,500,  permanent  injury  affecting 
respiration.  Perry  v.  Metropolitan  St. 
Ry.,  68  App.  Div.  351,  74  N.  Y.  Supp. 
1. 

$5,000,  pain  and  disability.  Texas  & 
N.  O.  R.  R.  V.  Reed,  54  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
26,  116  S.  W.  69. 

$8,250,  several  ribs,  lung  punctured. 
Reed  v.  Chicago,  St.  P.,  M.  &  O.  Ry.,  74 
la.  188,  37  N.  W.  149. 


$9,000,  use  of  right  arm  lost.  Burke 
V.  City  &  County  Contract  Co.,  133 
App.  Div.  113,  117  N.  Y.  Supp. 
400. 

$9,000,  badly  scalded,  unable  to  work. 
Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v.  Croskell, 
6  Tex.  Civ.  App.  160,  25  S.  W. 
486. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$38,750,  collar  bone  fractured,  cir- 
culation impaired,  chest  deformed! 
Tunnel  M.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Cooper,  50  Colo. 
390,  115  Pac.  901. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $2,500.  Mar- 
riott V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  142  Mo. 
App.  199,  204,  126  S.  W.  231. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $3,500.  Fry  v. 
Great  Northern  Ry.,  95  Minn.  87,  103 
N.  W.  733. 

166  por  fracture  of  the  collar  bone  the 
following  verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$2,500,  permanent  injury  to  arm  and 
hand.  Clarke  v.  Philadelphia  &  R.  C. 
&  I.  Co.,  92  Minn.  418,  100  N.  W.  231. 

$2,500.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.  v. 
Barrett,  35  Tex.  Civ.  App.  366,  80 
S.  W.  660. 

"'  For  a  broken  jaw  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$4,000,  with  loss  of  ear.  Well  v. 
Moran  Bros.  Co.,  55  Wash.  102,  104 
Pac.  172. 

$6,000,  permanent  disfigurement. 
Miller  v.  Erie  R.  R.,  54  N.  Y.  Supp.  606. 

'»*  For  a  broken  nose,  and  loss  of 
teeth  $330  was  not  excessive.  Texas  & 
P.  Ry.  V.  Crockett,  27  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
463,  66  S.  W.  114. 

'™  For  a  broken  skull  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld : 

$1,500  (reduced  from  $3,000),  mental 


§§  1352,  1353 


PAIN   AND   SUFFERING 


2711 


§  1352  Surgical  operation. 

Where  the  injury  results  in  a  serious  abdominal  or  other 
major  operation,  the  damages  will  be  swelled  by  the  risk,  pain, 
and  expense  of  the  operation;  and  heavy  damages  may  be 
given  and  allowed  by  the  court,  i™ 

§  1353.  Pain  and  suffering. 

In  many  cases  the  chief  element  of  damages  is  the  pain  and 
suffering,  physical  and  mental,  of  the  plaintifif.  Where  that  is 
the  case,  it  is  of  course  difficult  to  place  any  check  on  the 
discretion  of  the  jury;  and  the  circumstances  necessarily  vary 
so  much,  and  pain  may  be  felt  in  such  infinite  difference  of 
degree,  that  verdicts  for  very  dififerent  amoimts  wiU  be  al- 
lowed."^   In  a  few  cases  the  court  is  required  to  pass  upon 


disturbance  and  inability  to  work. 
Savage  v.  Chicago  &  J.  Ry.,  142  lU. 
App.  342,  affirmed,  238  lU.  392,  87 
N.  E.  377. 

$3,000,  some  disturbance  of  the 
brain.  Enos  Fire  Escape  Co.  v.  Lana- 
gan,  136  111.  App.  631,  affirmed,  Lana^ 
gan  V.  Enos  Fire  Escape  Co.,  233  HI. 
308,  84  N.  E.  267. 

§7,500,  several  pieces  of  bone  and 
portion  of  brain  removed,  injuries  per- 
manent. Phelps  V.  Conqueror  Z.  &  L. 
Co.,  218  Mo.  572,  117  S.  W.  705. 

"'  For  an  injury  which  caused  a 
serious  surgical  operation  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld : 

$1,100.  Williams  ».  Shaw  (R.  I.), 
71  Atl.  207. 

$1,900.  Jarvis  v.  MetropoUtan  St. 
Ry.,  65  App.  Div.  490,  72  N.  Y.  Supp. 
829. 

$1,999,  permanent  impairment  earn- 
ing capacity.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v. 
Mayes,  142'Ky.  382,  134  S.  W.  436. 

$3,000,  permanent  lameness.  Keane 
V.  Seattle,  55  Wash.  622,  104  Pac.  819. 

$3,000,  impairment  of  health  and 
function.  Allen  v.  Voje,  114  Wis.  1,  89 
N.  W.  924. 

$3,725,  injury  to  health.  Birming- 
ham R.  L.  &  P.  Co.  V.  Moore,  148  Ala. 
115,  42  So.  1024. 


$4,156.  O'MaUey  v.  Rhode  Island 
Co.  (R.  I.),  70  Atl.  915. 

$5,000,  great  pain.  Niendorff  v. 
Manhattan  Ry.,  38  N.  Y.  Supp.  690. 

$5,000,  weakness  in  back,  abscess  in 
side.  Galveston  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Sanders  (Tex.  Qv.  App.),  65  S.  W.  889. 

$6,500,  heavy  expense,  great  pain. 
Clarke  v.  Westcott,  2  App.  Div.  503,  37 
N.  Y.  Supp.  nil. 

$9,000.  Alkire  v.  Myers  Lumber  Co. 
(Wash.),  106  Pac.  915. 

$10,933.  Van  Vranken  v.  Kansas 
aty  E.  Ry.,  84  Kan.  287, 114  Pac.  202. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$7,500;  reduced  to  $4,000.  Kirby  i'. 
St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  146  Mo.  App. 
304,  130  S.  W.  69. 

$4,500;  reduced  to  $2,500.  Reems  v. 
New  Orleans  G.  N.  R.  R.,  126  La.  511, 
52  So.  681. 

$3,500;  reduced  to  $2,500.  Nelson  v. 
Bromley,  55  Wash.  256,  104  Pac.  251. 

•"  Where  pain  and  suffering,  mental 
or  physical,  was  a  principal  item  of  re- 
covery the  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$300.  Augusta  v.  Tharpe  (Ga.),  38 
S.  E.  389. 

$300.  Mordente  v.  New  York  Cab 
Co.,  109  N.  Y.  Supp.  12. 


2712  EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES  §  1353 

the  proper  compensation  for  the  Qonscious  sufferuig  ;hefore 


f  2,000.  Atcliison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  .R..!;. 
Stewart,  55  Kan.  667,  41  Pac.  961. 

«2>000.  Austin '«.  St.  Louis  .&  S.F. 
R..R.,  149  Mo.  App.  §97,  130  S.  W. 
385. 

$2,QQ0.  .Tp;?as  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  I^wry, 
61  Tex.  149. 

$2,000.  Murray  v.  Seattle  Electric 
Co.,  50;W_aBh.  444,!.£!7  Pac.  458. 

$2,250.  Lpuisyille  &  E.  R.  R.  v. 
Vincent,  96  S.'  W.  898,  29  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
1049. 

$2,500.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 
V.  Hartung,  95  Axk.  220,  128  S.  W. 
1025. 

$2,500.  San  Antonio  Gas  Co.  v. 
Singleton  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  59  S.  W. 
9^6.' 

•  $2i810  (reduced  from  |4,000).  Evans 
V.  Iowa  City,  1^5  la.  202,  100  N.  W. 
11.12. 

,|3i000.  Montgomery  v.  Shirley,  159 
Ala.  239,, 48  So.  679. 

.$3,258.  ;Spires  v.  Middlesex  &  M. 
E^  L.  H.  &  P.  Co.,  70  N.  J.  L.  355,  57 
Atl.  ^3*. 

|4,0Q0.  Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v. 
Pulger,  35  Tex.  Civ.  App.  478,  80 
S.  W.  657. 

$4,000.  Ga,lYeston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Matzdorf  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  107  S.  W. 
882. 

$5,000.  Hanlpnv.  Misspiiri  Pac.  Ry., 
104  Mo.  381,'  16  S.  W.  233. 

$6,333.  Lipsky  v.  C.  Reiss  Coal 
Co.,  136  Wis.  307,  117  N.  W.  803. 

$6,300.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  v. 
Richards,  23  Okla.  256,  102  Pac.  92. 

$7,000.  Allen  t).  Ames  College  Co., 
106  la.  602^  76  N.  W.  848. 

$7,600.  Hallack  v.  Jfohnson,  12  Colo. 
244,  20  Pac.  700. 

$8,000.  Southern  Ry.  v.  Brewer,  117 
S.  W.  958  (Ky.). 

$22,895.  Carr  v.  Am.  Locomotive 
Co.,  29  R.I.  276,  77  Atl.  ,104. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 


LevjnjW.  Nassau  Electric  R. 
R.  (App.  Div.),  122  N.  Y.  Supp.  863. 

$400.  Weiskopf  v.  Ritter,  97  S.  W. 
1120,  29  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1268. 

$460.  Barker  v.  Jefferson,  155  Mo. 
App.  390,  137  S.  W.  10. 

$500.  Wallace  v.  Bach,  97  S.  W.  418, 
30  Ky.  L.  Rep.  69. 

$500.    Cartwright  v.  Puisgigur,  125 
-La.  700,  51,So..692. 
'  $600.   Thompsons.  Poplar  Bluff,  124 
Mo.'  App.  439,  101  S.  W.  709." 

$600.  Piering  v.  Dunham  Mfg.  Co., 
113  N.  Y.  Supp.  713. 

J|^700.  Illinois  Central  Ry.  v.  Smith, 
1^2  ky.  732,  118  S.  W.  933.  ' 

$700.  Ilillerbrand  v.  May  Mercantile 
Co.,  141  Mo.  App.  122, 121  S.  W.326. 

$1,000.  Ozan  Lumber  Co.  w.  Bryan, 
90,Ark.  223,  119  S.  W.  73. 

$1,000.  Lexington  Ry.  v.  Johnson, 
139  Ky.  323,  122  S.  W.  830. 

$i,000.  Joseph  V.  Edison  Electjric 
Co.,  ip4  La.  634,  29  So.  223. 

$1,QOO.  Winkler  w.St.  Loi}is,  I.  M.  & 
S.  Ry.,  21  Mo.  App.  99. 

J51,064.  Smith  v.  Nassau  Electric 
R.  R.,  67  App.  Div.  152,  67  N.  Y. 
,Supp.  1044. 

^1,125.  '  Texas  Ccjnt.  R.  R.  v.  Wheel- 
er (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  116  S.  W-  83. 

$1,400.  Radjaviller  v.  Third  Ave. 
R.  R.,(68  App.  Div.  11,  68  n!  Y..^upp. 
617. 

$1,500.  O'Shaugapnessy  w.  Chicago 
qity  Ry.,  .144  lU.  App.  174. 

$1,500  ($lj000  for  permanent  in- 
juries, $500  for  pain).  Atchison,  T.  & 
S.  F.  R.  R.  P-  Lee,  8  ^an.  App.  24,  54 
Pac.  4. 

|1,600.  ,Q\irvin  v.  .Grimes,  132  Ky. 
555,  1],6.S.,W.725. 

$1,500.  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Ry. 
V.  Browning,  54  Tex.  Civ.  App.  521, 
118  S.  W.  245. 

$1,600.  Texarkana  &  Ft.  S.  Ry.  v. 
Brandon  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  126  S.  W. 
703. 


§1354 


DISABILITY  TO   LABOR 


2713 


death  of  a  person  who  died  as  a  result  of  the  (iefendant's 
wrong.  ^'^ 


§  1354.  Permanent  injuries— Disability  to  labor. 

The  injury  caused  by  permanent  impairment  or  destruction 
of  ability  to  labor  varies  greatly,  according  to  the  capacity  of 
the  injured  person  and  the  nature  and  completeness  of  the 
impair^ient.  Verdicts  varying  from  small  to  very  large  have 
been  considered  by  the  courts."* 


S5,000  (reduced  from  $7,500);  re- 
duced to  $2,500.  Hemenway  v.  Wash- 
ijigtpn  W.  P.  Co.,  49  Wash.  338,  95 
Pac.  269. 

,$3,000 ;  reduced  to  $1,500.  Ferringer 
V.  Crowley,  O.  &  M.  Co.,  122  La.  441, 
47  So.  763. 

$3,000;reduced  to  $2,000.  Eeddecki;. 
St.  Louis  Car  Co.,  125  Mp.  App.  24, 
102  S.  W.  675. 

$2,700;  reduced  to  $1,700.  Meyers  v. 
Syndicate  H.  &  P.  Co.,  47  Wash..  48,  91 
Pac.  549. 

$666.66  (reduced  from  $1,000);  re- 
duced to  $300.  Puis  w.  Powelson,  142 
la.  604,  121  N.  W.  1. 

"2  The  following  verdicts  for  pain  and 
suffering  before  death  were  upheld: 

$1,000,  thirty  or  forty  minutes.  St. 
Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Pate,  90  Ark. 
135,  118  S.  W.  260. 

$2,500,  twenty-four  hours.  St.  Louis, 
I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  V.  Robbins,,57  Ark.  377, 
21  S.  W.  886. 

$6,750,  excruciating  pain  for  six  days. 
BowUng  G.  G.  Co.  v.  Dean,  141  Ky. 
473,  134  S.  W.  1115. 

The  following  verdicts  were -held  ex- 
cessive: 

$4,000  where  the  deceased  lived  only 
a  few  moments  after  the  accident..  St. 
Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Dawson,  68 
Ark.  1,  56  S.  W.  46. 

$3,500,  suffering  in  the  water  before 
drowning;  reduced  to  $350.  The 
Robert  Graham  Dun,  70  Fed.  270,  17 
C.  C.  A.  90. 

"^  For  an  injury  causing  partial  or 


total  disability  to  IfihoT  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$941.70,  total  permanent  disability. 
Montague  v.  Sanson,  38  Mont.  376,  99 
Pac.  1063. 

$1,000.  Osborn  v.  Jenkinson,  100  la. 
432,  69  N.  ,W.  548. 

$1,000.  Lewis  J).  Wabash  R.  R.,  142 
Mo.' App.  585,  121  S.  W.  1090. 

$1,000,  permanent  incapacity.  So- 
derman  v.  Troy  Steel  &  Iron  Co.,  70 
Hun,  449,  24  N.  Y.  Supp.  401. 

$1,200,  total  disability  probably  per- 
manent. Hirpux  .V.  Baum,  137  Wis. 
179,  19  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  332,  118  N.  W. 
533. 

$1,250,  total  disabihty,  permanent 
without  da-ngsrous  operation.  Louis- 
ville Ry.  V.  Pulham,  101  S.  W.  295,  30 
Ky.  L.  Rep.  1325. 

$1,350,  seripus  impairment  of  ppwer 
tp  labpr.  Oklahpma  City  v.  Welsh 
(Okla.),  41  Pac.  598. 

$2,000.  Cplprado  City  v.  Smith,  17 
Colo.  App.  172,  67  Pac.  909. 

$2,000,  permanent  disability.  Slezak 
V.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  142  Mo.  App. 
693,  121  S.  W.  1095. 

$2,000,  permanent  total  disability. 
Felsch  V.  Babb,  72  Neb.  736, 101  N.  W. 
1011. 

$2,000,  permanent  injuries.  Shawnee 
V.  Slankard  (Okla.),  116  Pac.  803. 

$2,232,  permanent  diminution  of 
earning  ppwer.  Miller  v.  Manhattan 
Ry.,  73  Hun,  512,  26  N.  Y.  Supp.  162. 

$2,250,  permanent  impairment  pf 
earning    power,    exemplary    damages. 


2714 


EXCESSIVE   OE  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1355 


1355.  Permanent  crippling. 

Where  the  injury  left  the  plaintiff  a  permanent  cripple,  large 


Louisville  Ry.  v.  Gaddie,  105  S.  W. 
454,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  316. 

$2,500,  permanent  disability.  Fuhry 
V.  Chicago  City  Ry.,  144  111.  App.  521, 
affirmed,  239  III.  548,  88  N.  E.  221. 

$2,500,  paralysis,  permanent  disabil- 
ity. Doherty  v.  Des  Moines  City  Ry., 
144  la.  26,  121  N.  W.  690. 

$2,500,  permanent  disability.  Kan- 
sas City  C.  S.  &  R.  Co.  V.  Taylor  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  107  S.  W.  889. 

$2,700,  permanent  impairment  of 
ability  to  labor.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R. 
V.  Freppon,  134  Ky.  650,  121  S.  W.  454. 

$3,000,  permanent  injury.  Chicago 
V.  Wieland,  139  111.  App.  197. 

$3,000,  permanent  diminution  of 
earning  capacity.  Conrad  v.  Spring- 
field Consol.  Ry.,  145  111.  App.  564, 
affirmed,  240  111.  12,  88  N.  E.  180. 

$3,000,  permanent  impairment  of 
earning  capacity.  Wesley  v.  Chicago, 
St.  P.  &  K.  C.  Ry.,  84  la.  441,  51  N.  W. 
163. 

$3,000,  permanent  impairment  of 
earning  capacity.  Nicholson  C.  M.  Co. 
V.  Moulden,  143  Ky.  348, 136  S.  W.  621. 

$3,000,  permanent  injury  and  im- 
pairment of  earning  capacity.  Galves- 
ton, H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  V.  Garcia,  45  Tex. 
Civ.  App.  229,  100  S.  W.  198. 

$3,500,  severe  burns,  permanent  im- 
pairment of  earning  capacity.  Dow  v. 
Sunset  T.  &  T.  Co.,  157  Cal.  182,  106 
Pac.  587. 

$3,500,  permanent  and  progressive 
injuries.  Mowbray  v.  Brooklyn  Heights 
R.  R.,  59  App.  Div.  239,  69  N.  Y. 
Supp.  435. 

$3,800,  injury  to  spine,  probably  per- 
manent disability.  Luper  v.  Henry,  59 
Wash.  33,  109  Pac.  208. 

$4,000  (reduced  from  $5,000),  hear- 
ing of  one  ear  destroyed,  sight  im- 
paired, ability  to  work  permanently 
impaired.  Kennedy  v.  Chicago,  M.  & 
S.  P.  Ry.,  57  Minn.  227,  58  N.  W.  878. 


$4,000,  capacity  for  labor  reduced 
one-half.  Dillingham  v.  Richards 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  27  S.  W.  1061. 

$4,200,  concussion  of  brain,  perma^ 
nent  injurj'.  Peltomaa  v.  Katahdin 
P.  &  P.  Co.,  149  Fed.  282. 

$4,500  (reduced  from  $5,500),  help- 
less and  incurable  invalid.  Partello  v. 
Missouri  Pac.  Ry.  (Mo.  App.),  107 
S.  W.  473. 

$4,500,  permanent  disability.  Baker 
V.  Hamburg-American  Packet  Co.,  179 
Fed.  271. 

$5,000,  spine  injured,  leg  shortened, 
earning  capacity  permanently  reduced. 
Ft.  Smith,  A.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Nedry  (Ark.), 
140  S.  W.  711. 

$5,000,  miscarriage,  total  disability. 
Colorado  Springs  &  I.  Ry.  v.  Nichols, 
41  Colo.  272,  92  Pac.  691. 

$5,000,  severe  injuries,  inabiUty  to 
work.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  v.  Sulli- 
van, 21  111.  App.  580. 

$5,000,  serious  injuries,  inability  to 
work.  Karczenska  v.  Chicago,  144  111. 
App.  516,  affirmed,  239  111.  483,  88  N. 
E.  188. 

$5,000,  injury  to  spine,  inability  to 
work.  Flanagan  v.  Chicago  City  Ry., 
145  111.  App.  56. 

$5,000,  injury  to  ,spine,  paralysis. 
Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Wilkins,  143 
Ky.  572,  136  S.  W.  1024. 

$5,000,  disability  to  follow  trade. 
Kinney  v.  Folkerts,  84  Mich.  616,  48 
N.  W.  283. 

$5,000,  section  hand,  disability  to 
work.  Dean  v.  Kansas  City,  S.  L.  & 
C.  R.  R.,  199  Mo.  386,  97  S.  W. 
910. 

$5,000,  permanent  injuries,  disability 
to  earn.  Torreyson  v.  United  Rys.  Co., 
144  Mo.  App.  626,  129  S.  W.  409. 

$5,000,  total  disability  to  work. 
Stewart  v.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.,  149 
Mo.  App.  456,  130  S.  W.  441. 

$5,000,  total  disability  for  ordinary 


1 1355 


PERMANENT   CRIPPLING 


2715 


damages  may  be  recovered  and  allowed."*    The  commonest 


work.  Mayer  v.  Liebmann,  16  App. 
Div.  54,  44  N.  Y.  Supp.  1067. 

$5,000,  permanent  impairment  of 
earning  capacity.  Davey  v.  Rhode  Is- 
land Co.,  29  R.  I.  49,  68  Atl.  946. 

$5,000.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Rodgers  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  35  S.  W.  412. 

$6,000,  permanent  disability  to  work 
at  trade.  Chicago  v.  Bork,  128  111.  App. 
357,  affirmed,  227  111.  60,  81  N.  E.  27. 

$6,000,  permanent  and  increasing 
impairment  of  capacity  to  work. 
Eckels  V.  Boylan,  136  111.  App.  258. 

$6,000,  disfigurement  and  permanent 
disability  of  child.  Bennett  v.  Brook- 
lyn Heights  R.  R.,  1  App.  Div.  205, 
37  N.  Y.  Supp.  447. 

$6,000,  permanent  disability.  Bryer 
V.  Foerster,  7  App.  Div.  611,  41  N.  Y. 
Supp.  617. 

$6,166.79,  total  incapacity.  Eicholz 
V.  Niagara  Falls  H.  P.  &  M.  Co.,  68 
App.  Div.  441,  73  N.  Y.  Supp.  843. 

$6,500,  permanent  disability  for  pro- 
fession of  nurse.  Vredenburgh  v.  N.  Y. 
C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  58  Hun,  607,  12  N. 
Y.  Supp.  18. 

$6,500,  paralysis  and  total  disability. 


Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v.  Click  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  32  S.  W.  226. 

$6,500,  permanent  impairment  of 
earning  capacity.  Galveston,  H.  &  S. 
A.  Ry.  V.  Waldo  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  32 
S.  W.  783. 

$6,565,  permanent  injury  and  impair- 
ment of  capacity  to  labor  of  married 
woman.  Miller  v.  Boone  County,  95 
Iowa,  5,  63  N.  W.  352. 

$7,000,  third  trial,  business  man  com- 
pelled to  give  up  business.  Southern 
Ry.  V.  Goddard  (Ky.),  108  S.  W.  890. 

$7,000,  earning  capacity  of  man  of 
twenty-seven  greatly  and  permanently 
diminished.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Cox  (Ky.),  141  S.  W.  59. 

$7,000,  earning  capacity  of  man 
greatly  and  permanently  reduced. 
Weeks  v.  Fletcher  (R.  I.),  71  Atl.  881. 

$7,500  (reduced  from  $9,500),  total 
disability  of  strong  man.  Booker  v. 
Southwest  Mo.  R.  R.,  144  Mo.  App. 
273,  128  S.  W.  1012. 

$7,500,  total  permanent  disability  of 
man  of  twenty-nine,  already  of  im- 
paired ability.  Dunkin  v.  Hoquiam,  56 
Wash.  47,  105  Pac.  149. 


"*  Where  the  injui-y  made  the  plain- 
tiff a  cripple,  the  following  verdicts 
have  been  upheld: 

$1,000.  Weil  V.  Kreutzer,  134  Ky. 
563,  121  S.  W.  471. 

$1,500.  Sidmonds  v.  Brooklyn 
Heights  R.  R.,  69  App.  Div.  471,  74 
N.  Y.  Supp.  989. 

$1,750.  Oohtic  Stone  Co.  v.  Ridge, 
(Ind.),  91  N.  E.  944. 

$2,500.  Miller  v.  Canton,  123  Mo. 
App.  325,  100  S.  W.  671. 

$3,200.  Poll  V.  Numa  Block  Coal 
Co.,  149  la.  104,  127  N.  W.  1105. 

$3,500.  W.  G.  Morel  &  Co.  v.  Leh- 
man, 159  Fed.  124,  86  C.  C.  A.  512. 

$6,000.  Freeman  v.  Ortiz  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  136  S.  W.  113. 

$7,500.  Thomas  v.  Union  Ry.,  18 
App.  Div.  185,  45  N.  Y.  Supp.  920. 


$8,000.  Heer  v.  Warren-Scharf 
Asphalt  Paving  Co.,  118  Wis.  57,  94 
N.  W.  789. 

$10,000.  Foster  v.  Missouri  Pac. 
Ry.,  115  Mo.  165,  21  S.  W.  916. 

$12,500.  El  Paso  Electric  Ry.  v. 
Shaklee  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  138  S.W.  188. 

$15,000.  Patzke  v.  Minneapohs  &  S. 
L.  Ry.,  109  Minn.  97,  129  N.  W.  124. 

$15,000.  International  &  G.  N.  R. 
R.  V.  Hugen,  45  Tex.  Civ.  App.  326, 
100  S.  W.  1000. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$15,000;  reduced  to  $10,000.  Fur- 
nish V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  102  Mo.  438, 
13  S.  W.  1044,  22  Am.  St.  Rep.  781. 

$13,500;  reduced  to  $7,000.  Cop- 
pins  V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  48 
Hun,  292. 


2716 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1355 


and  in  some  respects  the  most 

$7,660,  cppductor  of  freight  tr?,in, 
age  thirty,  permanently  disabled  from 
business.  Barker  v.  Burlington,  C.  R. 
&  N.  Ry.,  88  la.  409,  55  N.  W.  316. 

$8,000,  disfigurement  and  serious  im- 
pairment of  earning  capacity  of  .man. 
St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Glqssup,  88 
Ark.  225,  114  S.  W.  247. 

$8,000,  leg  shortened,  curvature  of 
spine,  inability  to  do  hard  .work.  An- 
derson V.  Pittsburg  Coal  Qo.,  108  Minn. 
455,  122  N.  W.  794. 

$8,000,  permanent  injury  interfering 
with  earning  power  of  physician. 
Quinn  v.  O'Keefe,  9  App.  Div.  68,  75, 
41  N.  Y.  Supp.  116. 

$8,000,  disabling  brakeman  from  act- 
ing as  such,  shock  to  nervous  system 
and  pain.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Stoy,  44  Tex.  Civ.  App.  448,  99  S.  W. 
135. 

$8,000,  injury  to  spine  and  chest  of 
boy  of  fourteen,  earning  capacity  per- 
manently impaired.  Ferguson  v.  Truax, 
132  Wis.  478,  110  N.-  W.  395,  111 
N.  W.  657,  112  N.  W.  513. 

$8,800,  bookkeeper,  age  fifty-eight, 
permanent  total  disability,  life  short- 
ened. Cooper  V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  55 
Minn.  134,  56  N.  W.  42. 

$9,000,  permanent  incapacity  of 
minor,  destruction  of  function.  Jones 
V.  Bunker  HiU  &  S.  M.  &  C.  Co.,  124 
Fed.  675. 

$9,000,  total  destruction  of  earning 
capacity  of  man  of  fifty-six,  earning  at 
most  $1,500  a  year.  Furman  v.  Brook- 
lyn Heights  R.  R.,  25  App.  Div.  133, 
49  N.  Y.  Supp.  194. 

$9,000,  total  inability  to  pursue  trade 
of  printer,  age  forty-two.  Houston 
City  St.  Ry.  v.  Medlenka,  17  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  621,  43  S.  W.  1028. 

$9,000,  negro,  age  twenty-one,  frac- 
ture of  skull,  operation,  paralysis,  eye- 
sight affected,  mind  impaired,  total 
inability  to  work.  Texas  &  N.  O.  R.  R. 
!;.  McCoy,  54  Tex.  Civ.  App.  278,  117 
S.  W.  446. 


serious  injury  of  this  sort  is  the 

$10,000,  loconiptiye  .fire?nan,  .age 
forty-one,  pfiralysis  apd  tptal  disability. 
Central  of  Q^.  Ry.  v.  Mote,  131  Ga. 
166,  62  S.  E.  164. 

$10,P00,  boy  of  sijcteen,  permanent 
helpless  invalid.  3-  Shoninger  Co.  v. 
Mann,  121  .111.  App.  275,  affirnjed,  219 
m.,242,  76.N.  E.  354. 

$10,000,  woman  of  thirty,  employed 
in  business,,  permanent  impairment  of 
ability  to  labor.  Chicago  v.  McNally, 
128  111.  App.  375,  a,ffirmed,.227  111.  14, 
81  N.  E.  23. 

$10,000,  permanent  reduction  of  earn- 
ing capE^city  by  two-thirds.  Wilcke  v. 
Henrotin,  146  111.  App.  481,  affirmed, 
241  lU.  169,  89  N.  E.  329. 

$10,000,  physician,  permanent  dis- 
ability to  practice.  Carthage  Turn- 
pike Co.  V.  Andrews,  102  Ind.  138,  1 
N.  E.  364,  52  Am.  Rep.  653. 

$10,000,  manof  thirty-five,  sight  and 
hearing  impaired,  skull  fractured,  per- 
manent incapacity  from  pursuing  voca- 
tion. Indianapolis  St.  Ry.  v.  Kane,  169 
Ind.  25,  80  N.  E.  841,  81  N.  E.  721. 

$10,000,  scalding,  intense  suffering, 
deaf,  inabihty  to  do  hard  work.  St. 
Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  Ja.  V.  McLain,  80  Tex. 
85, 15  S.  W.  789. 

$10,000,  locomotive  engineer,  age 
forty-four,  peimanently  disabled  from 
pursuing  occupation.  Texas  &  N.  O. 
R.  R.  V.  Middleton,  46  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
497,  103  S.  W.  203. 

$10,000,  healthy  man  rendered  un- 
able to  do  farm  work.  Missouri,  K.  & 
T.  Ry.  V.  Dunbar  (Tex.  Qv.  App.),  122 
S.  W.  574. 

$10,000,  brakeman  totally  disabled 
for  manual  work,  great  suffering. 
Daniels  v.  Union  Pac.  Ry.,  6  Utah,  357, 
23  Pac.  762. 

$10,325,  permanent  disabiUty  and 
great  suffering.  Van  Orman  ti.  Lake 
Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  152  Mich.  185,  115 
N.  W.  968. 

$10,500,  woman  of  thirty-eight,  in 
business,    permanently   incapacitated. 


§1355 


PERMANENT  CRIPPLING 


2717 


crippling  of  a  leg,  or  some  part 

Smith  «.  Spokane,  16  Wash'.  403,  47 
Pac.  888. 

$11,000,  fireman,  right  arm  rendered 
useless,  permanent  injury.  Baird  v. 
New>  York- Cent.  &~  H.  R.  R.  R.,  64 
App.  Div.  14,  71  N.  Y.  Supp.  734. 

$il,500,  young  vigorous  rtian  dis- 
abled from  manual  labor,  great  pain. 
Citizens'  Telephone  Co.  v.  Wakefield 
(Ky.),  126  S.  W.  127. 

$1 1,500,  brakeman;  age  twenty-seven; 
inability  to  earn  living.  Missouri,  K.  & 
T.  Ry.  V.  Chambers,  17  Tex.  Civ.  App; 
487,  43  S.  W.  1090. 

$12,000,  permanent  illness  and  total 
disability  of  man  twenty-five  years  old. 
Denhison  L.  &'  I*.  Co.  v:  Patton'(Tex. 
Civ.  App;),  135  S.  W.  1040. 

$12,500,  perrnarient  incapacity  frdfti 
manual  labor'  of  m'an  of  forty-five. 
Maw  V.  Coast'  Lurriber  Co.,  19  Ida. 
396,  114  Pac;  9; 

$12,500,  man'  of  forty-four,  physical 
wreck,"  earning  power  periiiafiently  im- 
paired. Loiiisville  &  N.  R;  R.  v. 
Smith,  134  Ky.  47,  122  S:  W.  806. 

$l2,500,  physician,  loss  of  faculties, 
forced  to  abandon'  practice;  Gulf,  C. 
&  S.  F.  Ry.  V.  Brown,  16  Tex.  Civ.  App; 
93,  40  S.  W.  60S. 

$12,500,  man  of 'fifty-twb'  totally  in-» 
capacitated  for  work;  International  & 
G.  N.  R.  R.  V.  Woodward,  26  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  389,  63S.  W.  1051. 

112,750,  woman  of  twenty-two,  meH- 
tal  and  physical  faculties  permanently 
impaired.  Hoskovec  v.  Omah^St;  Ry;, 
85  Neb.  2S5,  123  N.  W.  BOS'. 

$14,000,  man  of  fifty-nine,  physical 
wreck  for  life.  Wallace  v:  'Vadutim  Oil 
Co.,  12  N.  Y.  Supp.  425'. 

$14,000,  girl  of  fi'fieen,  fractured 
skull,  intense  pain,  epileptic,  insainity 
or  death  hkely,  constant  care.  'Van  De 
Bogart  v:  Marinette  &  M.  P.  Co.,  132 
Wis'.  367,  112  ^f;  W.  443.' 

$14,583,  brakeman  of  twen'ty-six, 
earning  capacity  seriously  diminished 
by  injury  to  spine.    Missouri,  K.  &  T. 


of  it;  and  many  verdicts  giv- 

Ry.  v.  Hawley  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  123 
S.  W.  726. 

$15,000,  woman  of  twenty-nine,  con- 
flrined'  invalid.  Chicago  Union  Tract. 
Co.  V.  May,  125  111!  App.  144,  affirmed, 
221  111.  530,  77  N.  E,  933. 

$15,000,  mental  and  physical'  inca- 
pacity of  woman.  Terre  Haute  &  I.  R. 
R.V.  Sheets,  155  Irid.  74,  56  N.  E.  534. 

$15,000,  incurable  paralysis  of  left 
side.  Bishop  w.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  48 
Minn.  26,  50  N.  W.  927. 

$15,000,  hoUse-pAinter  deformed,  and 
permanently  incapacitated  for  labor. 
Sfehneider  v.  Second  Ave.  R.  R.,  15 
N.  Y.  Supp.  566. 

$15,000,  flfeman,  twetrty-ofie  years 
old,  spiile  injured,  incapacitated  for 
work.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Garrett,  44  Tex.  Civ.  Apip.  406,  98 
S.  W.  932. 

$15,000,  boy  of  seventeen,  serious  and 
permanent  internal  injuries  and  ner- 
volls  troubles.  International  &  G.  N. 
R.  R.  v:  Miller  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  124 
S.  W;  109; 

$15,000,  paralysis  of  woman  of 
thirty,  helpless  for'  remainder  of  fife. 
Searfe"!).  Seattle  Consol.  St.  R.  R.,  6 
Wash.  227,  33  Pac.  389;  1081. 

$16,000,  man  of  fifty-five,  double 
rupture,  physical  wreck,  inability  to 
perform  serious  laibor;  Freeman  v. 
Cleary  (Tex.  Civ.  App;),  136  S;  W.  521. 

$16,500,  lawyer  of  thirty-nine,  income 
of  $7,000  to  $^,500,  permanent'  injury 
to  throat,  permatient  loss  of  iricbtne'  of 
about'  $'4,000  a  year.  JohnSon  v. 
Unioh  Pac.  R.  R.,  35  Utah,  285,  100 
Pac.  390. 

$17,000,  total  physical  and  mental 
wreck.  Dupuis  v.  Sagin'aw'Val'ley  Trac. 
Co.,  146  Mich.  151,  109  N.  W.  413. 

$18,000,  skilled  mechanic,  thirty 'two 
years  old,  disfigured,  permanently  un- 
able to  follow  trade  as  mechanic.  Mc- 
CuUbugh  v:  111.  Steel  Co.,  148  111.  App. 
566. 

$20,000,  man  of  twenty-nine,  paraly- 


2718 


EXCESSIVE    OR   INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


§1355 


ing  compensation  for  damages 

sis,  nerves  shattered,  sight  and  hearing 
affected.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Nass  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  57  S.  W.  910. 

$20,000,  man  of  twenty-nine,  perma- 
nent injury.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.  v.  Coote 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  57  S.  W.  912. 

$20,000,  locomotive  engineer  of 
forty-nine,  great  pain,  paralyzed,  total 
disability.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Cherry  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  98  S.  W.  898. 

$20,000,  expert  printer,  paralyzed 
and  permanently  incapable.  Missouri, 
K.  &  T.  Ry.  V.  Bailey,  53  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
295,  115  S.  W.  601. 

$20,000,  switchman,  great  physical 
and  mental  suffering,  invahd  for  life, 
total  disability.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A. 
Ry.  V.  Hanson  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  125 
S.  W.  63. 

$20,000,  railroad  section  man,  forty- 
three  years  old,  paralyzed,  permanent 
total  incapacity.  Tills  v.  Great  North- 
ern Ry.,  50  Wash.  536,  97  Pac.  737. 

$20,000,  miner  of  thirty-seven,  per- 
manent incapacity  and  suffering. 
Starck  u.  Washington  U.  C.  Co.,  61 
Wash.  213,  112  Pao.  235. 

123,750,  young  man  crippled  by  in- 
jury to  spine,  paralysis.  Missouri,  K. 
&  T.  Ry.  V.  Farris  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  120 
S.  W.  535. 

$25,000.  Dieffenbach  v.  New  York, 
X.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.,  38  N.  Y.  Supp.  788. 

$30,000,  man  of  thirty-six  in  extensive 
business,  paralysis  and  total  disabihty 
to  engage  in  business.  Smith  v.  Whit- 
tier,  95  Cal.  279,  30  Pac.  529. 

$30,000,  boy  of  eighteen,  sight  im- 
paired, mutilated,  face  disfigured,  ex- 
cruciating pain,  total  disability.  Wa- 
ters-Pierce Oil  Co.  V.  Snell,  47  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  413,  106  S.  W.  170. 

$30,000,  railroad  brakeman,  complete 
paralysis,  helpless.  Houston  &  T.  C. 
R.  R.  V.  Gray  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  137 
S.  W.  729. 

$40,000,  man  of  twenty-nine,  private 
secretary,  comminuted  fracture  of 
skull,  progressive  traumatic  epilepsy. 


of  this  kind  have  been  consid- 

Hughes  V.  Harbor  &  S.  B.  &  S.  Assoc, 
131  App.  Div.  185, 115  N.  Y.  Supp.  320. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$50,000,  brakeman,  twenty-two  years 
old,  totally  incapacitated,  died  during 
trial  from  broken  back;  reduced  to 
$25,000.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Brown,  97  Ark.  505,  140  S.  W.  279. 

$30,000,  fireman  crippled  for  life, 
mind  unimpaired;  reduced  to  $20,000. 
Strand  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  101 
Minn.  85, 1 1 1  N.  W.  958, 1 12  N.  W.  987. 

$30,000,  disability;  reduced  to 
$20,000.  Cleveland  H.  V.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Shannon,  4  Oh.  Cir.  Ct.  449. 

$30,000,  girl  of  eight;  reduced  to 
$12,000.  Mitchell  v.  Taooma  R.  &  M. 
Co.,  13  Wash.  560,  43  Pac.  528. 

$25,000,  man  of  thirty-one  became 
physical  wreck;  reduced  to  $12,050. 
Foley  V.  Everett,  142  111.  App.  250. 

$25,000,  man  of  forty-one  became 
physically  helpless;  reduced  to  $20,000. 
Waterman  v.  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.,  82 
Wis.  613,  52  N.  W.  247. 

$21,000,  woman,  partial  disability. 
Vester  v.  Rhode  Island  Co.  (R.  I.),  67 
Atl.  444. 

$15,000,  young  man,  earning  capacity 
partially  impaired.  Chitty  v.  St.  Louis, 
I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  148  Mo.  64,  49  S.  W. 
868. 

$12,000,  former  partial  disability 
made  total.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R. 
V.  Kingman,  18  Ky.  L.  Rep.  82,  35 
S.  W.  264. 

$9,000,  diminished  earning  power  of 
mason's  tender  who  had  earned  $2  a 
day;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Morris  v. 
Eighth  Ave.  R.  R.,  68  Hun,  39,  22 
N.  Y.  Supp.  666. 

$9,000,  woman  of  fifty-five,  house- 
keeper; reduced  to  $6,000.  Stone  v. 
Seattle,  33  Wash.  644,  74  Pac.  808. 

$8,000,  partly  permanent  disability. 
Campbell  v.  N.  A.  Brewing  Co.,  47 
N.  Y.  Supp.  992. 
^  $8,000,  permanent  injury  to  unskilled 


§  1355 


PERMANENT   CEIEPLING 


2719 


ered."^     In  many  cases  also  the  court  has  considered  and  has 

$3,000.  Arkansas  Lumber  Co.  v. 
Wallace  (Ark.),  139  S.  W.  534. 

$3,500.  Rayburn  v.  Central  Iowa 
Ry.,  74  la.  637,  34  N.  W.  621. 

$3,500.  Napier  v.  Brooklyn  Heights 
R.  R.,  68  App.  Div.  200,  74  N.  Y. 
Supp.  7. 

$3,650.  Gorham  v.  Kansas  City  &  S. 
Ry.,  113  Mo.  408,  20  S.  W.  1060. 

$4,000.  Bryant  v.  Omaha  &  C.  B. 
R.  &  B.  Co.,  98  la.  483,  67  N.  W.  392. 

$4,000.  Goins  v.  Moberly,  127  Mo. 
116,  29  S.  W.  985. 

$4,346.93.  Bertsch  v.  Metropolitan 
St.  Ry.,  68  App.  Div.  228,  74  N.  Y. 
Supp.  238. 

$4,500.  Foels  u.  Tonawanda,  59 
Hun,  567,  14  N.  Y.  Supp.  46. 

$5,000.  Greenway  v.  Taylor  County, 
144  la.  332,  122  N.  W.  943, 

$5,000.  Stewart  v.  St.  Louis  South- 
western Ry.,  157  Mo.  App.  225,  130 
S.  W.  441. 

$5,000.  Galveston  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Parrish  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  43  S.  W. 
536. 

$5,000.  Hoffman  v.  Rib  Lake  Lum- 
ber Co.,  136  Wis.  388,  117  N.  W.  789. 

$6,000.  Chicago  &  J.  E.  Ry.  v. 
Patton,  122  111.  App.  174. 

$6,000.  Molway  v.  Chicago,  144 
111.  App.  509,  239  111.  486,  88  N.  E. 
485. 

$6,000.  Chamlee  v.  Planters'  Hotel 
Co.,  155  Mo.  App.  144,  134  S.  W. 
123. 

$6,090.  Jordan  v.  Seattle,  30  Wash. 
298,  70  Pac.  743. 

$6,500.  Sellick  v.  J.  Langdon  &  Co., 
59  Hun.  627,  13  N.  Y.  Supp.  858. 

$6,583.33.  Berry  v.  St.  Louis,  M.  & 
S.  E.  R.  R.,  214  Mo.  593,  114  S.  W. 
27. 

$7,500.  International  &  G.  N.  R.  R. 
V.  Clark  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  125  S.  W. 
959. 

$8,000.  Henry  v.  Sioux  City  &  P. 
Ry.,  75  la.  84,  39  N.  W.  193,  9  Am. 
St.  Rep.  457. 


laborer;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Jones  v. 
Niagara  Junction  Ry.,  63  App.  Div. 
607,  71  N.  Y.  Supp.  647. 

$7,500,  partial  incapacity  for  work; 
reduced  to  $4,000.  Heck  v.  Interna- 
tional S.  P.  Co.,  77  N.  J.  L.  4,  71  Atl. 
150. 

"*  In  cases  of  crippling  a  leg  the  fol- 
lowing verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$750.  Seller  v.  Levy,  68  Misc.  182, 
127  N.  Y.  Supp.  237. 

$1,000.  Morgan  v.  Fremont  County, 
92  la.  644,  61  N.  W.  231. 

$1,000.  Weil  V.  Kreutzer,  134  Ky. 
47,  121  S.  W.  471,  24  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.) 
657. 

$1,125.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  i-. 
Campbell,  122  S.  W.  848  (Ky.). 

$1,200  (reduced  from  $2,000)  Wash- 
ington L.  P.  Co.  V.  Goodrich,  110  Va. 
692,  66  S.  E.  977. 

$1,200.  Cook  V.  Chehalis  River 
Lumber  Co.,  48  Wash.  619,  94  Pac. 
189. 

$1,450.  Fitzgerald  v.  Dobson,  78 
Me.  659,  7  Atl.  704. 

$1,600.  Armstrong  v.  Auburn,  84 
Neb.  842,  122  N.  W.  43. 

$1,650.  Larsen  v.  Sedro-WooUey,  49 
Wash.  134,  94  Pac.  938. 

$2,000.  Consolidated  Coal  Co.  v. 
Shepherd,  122  111.  App.  323;  affirmed 
220  111.  123,  77  N.  E.  133. 

$2,000.  Bowling  Green  Stone  Co.  v. 
Capshaw,  64  S.  W.  507,  23  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
945. 

,  $2,000.  Winn  v.  MetropoUtan  St. 
Ry.,  121  Mo.  App.  623,  97  S.  W.  547. 

$2,000.  Biggie  v.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q. 
R.  R.  (Mo.  App.),  140  S.  W.  602. 

$2,000.  Wilcox  V.  Rhode  Island  Co., 
29  R.  I.  292,  70  Atl.  913. 

$2,500.  Carey  v.  Brooklyn  Heights 
R.  R.,  124  App.  Div.  524,  108  N.  Y. 
Supp.  1034. 

$2,800.  Lattimore  v.  Union  E.  L.  & 
P.  Co.,  128  Mo.  App.  37,  106  S.  W.  543. 

•$3,000.  Woodward  Iron  Co.  v. 
Sheehan,  166  Ala.  429,  52  So.  24. 


2720 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1356 


upheld  or  set  aside  as  excessive  vtifdicts  for  crippling  some 
part  of  an  arm."* 

§  1356.  Loss  of  a  member:  leg  or  foot. 

For  the  loss  of  a  leg,  verdicts  take  a  wide  range,  according  to 


18,000.  Stephens  v.  Schmidt,  80 
N.  J.  L.  193,  76  Atl.  332. 

$8,500.  Uren  v.  Golden  Tunnel  Min. 
Co.,  24  Wash.  261,  64  Pac.  174; 

$9,000  (of  which  $1,000  for  expenses); 
International  &  G.  N.  Ry.  v.  Brett,  61 
Tex.  483. 

$10,000.  Field  «:  Winheim,  123  111. 
App.  227. 

$10,000.  Galveston  v.  Posnainsky, 
62  Tex.  118,  50  Am.  Rep.  617. 

$12,000.  International  &  G.  N. 
R.  R.  V.  Poloma  (TeX.  Civ.  App.),  123 
S.  W.  1149. 

$14,000.  Yazoo  &  M;  V.  R.  R;  v. 
Scott,  95  Miss.  43,  48  So.  239. 

$15,000.  Mitchell  v.  Broadway  & 
Seventh  Ave.  R.  R.,  70  Htm,  387,  24 
N.  Y.  Supp.  32. 

$15,000.  Chicago  City  Ry.  v.  Tay- 
lor, 68  111.  App.  613. 

$20,000.  Clark  v.  St:  L.  &  S.  Ry. 
(Mo.),  137  S.'  W;  583. 

$20,000.  Lynch  t).  American  Lin- 
seed Co.,  122- App.  Div.  42'8,  107  N.  Y. 
Supp.  458. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$40,000.  St;  Lotais;'  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 
V.  Waren,  65  Ark.  619,  48  S.  W. 
222. 

$18,000;  reduced  to  $'16,000'.  San 
Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v.  Coffiiell,  27 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  533,  66  S.  W.  246. 

$15,000 ;  reduced  to  $10,000.  Chitty 
V.  St.  Louis,  I;  Ml  &  S;  Ry.,  166  Mo; 
435,  65  S.  W.  959. 

$15,000;  reduced  to  $8,000;  Chap- 
man'».  Atlantic  Ave.  R.  R.,  36  N.  Y. 
Supp.  1045. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Cogs- 
well V.  West  St.  &■  N.  E.  E.  Ry.,  5 
Wash.  46,  31  Pac.  411. 


$7,500;  reduced  to  $4,000.  Kirby  v. 
St.  Louis' &  S.  P.  R.  R.  (Mo.  App.),  130 
S.  W.  69. 

$5,500;  reduced  to  $3,600.  Deht  v. 
Springfield  Trac.  Co.  (Mo.  App.),  129 
S.  W.  1044. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $4,000.  Zeigler  v. 
Metropolitan  St.  Ry.  (Mo.  App.),  134 
S;  W.  1067. 

™  In  cases  of  crippling  an  arm,  or 
part'  of  it,  the  following  verdicts  have 
been  upheld: 

$500.  Youht  V.  Strickland,  17  Wyo. 
526,  101  Pac;  942. 

$1,000.  MacMurray  v.  Sioux  City, 
150  la.  257,  129  N.  W.  950. 

$1,000.  Kielty  v.  Buehler-Cooney 
Const.  Co.,  121  Mo.  App.  58,  97  S.  W. 
998. 

$1,250.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v. 
Sauter,  46  Tex.  Civ.  App.  309,  103 
S.  W.  201. 

$1,300.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v. 
Stewart,  130  111.  App.  197;  affirmed 
230  111.  204,  82  N.  E.  590. 

$1,400.  Yellow  T.  L.  Co.  v.  Ford, 
141  Ky.  5,  131  S.  W.  1010. 

$1,995.  Shalgren  v.  Red  Cliff  Lum- 
ber Co.,  95  Minn.  450,  104  N.  W. 
631. 

$2,500.  Chicago  City  Ry.  v.  Shreve, 
128  111.  App!  462;  affirmed  226  111.  630, 
80  N.  E.  1049. 

$2,500.  Graff  v.  Illinois  Steel  Co., 
146  111.  App;  238. 

$2,500.  Gregory  v.  Slaughter,  124 
Ky.  345,  99  S.  W.  247,  8  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.) 
1228. 

$3,000.  Nicholson  C.  M.  Co.  v. 
Moulden  (Ky.),  136  S.  W.  620. 

$3,500.  Louisville  Cooperage  Co.  v. 
Farmer,  109  S.  W.  893,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
1110. 


§1356 


LOSS  OF  A  member:  leg  or  foot 


2721 


the  earning  power  of  the  plaintiff,  the  amount  of  pain  and  suf- 
fering and  of  medical  expenses,  and  the  nature  of  the  accom- 
panying injuries;  arid  large  verdicts  have  been  sustained;  "' 

"'  The  following  verdicts  for  loss  of 
a  leg  have  been  upheld: 

$2,286.  The  William  Bratafoot,  48 
Fed.  914  (S500  of  this  was  for  suffering) 

$2,500.  Williamson  v.  Brooklyn 
Heights  R.  R.,  53  App.  Div.  399,  65 
N.  Y.  Supp.  1054. 

$3,000.    The  Iroquois,  113  Fed.  964. 

$4,000.  Cleveland,  C.  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry. 
V.  Foland  (Ind.  App.),  88  N.  E.  787. 

$4,300.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Pitts  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  42  S.  W.  255. 

$5,000.  Brophy  v.  Illinois  Steel  Co., 
144  111.  App.  309,  affirmed  242  111.  55, 
89  N.  E.  684. 

$5,500.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.  v. 
Fort.une,  107  Va.  412,  59  S.  E.  1095. 

$6,000.  Hebert  v.  Kingston  Lum- 
ber Co.,  126  La.  775,  52  So.  1021. 

87,000  (reduced  from  $10,000). 
Buckry-Ellis  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.  (Mo. 
App.),  138  S.  W.  912. 

$7,000.  Cosselmon  v.  Dunfee,  59 
App.  Div.  467,  69  N.  Y.  Supp.  271. 

$7,500.  Com  Products  Refining  Co. 
V.  King,  168  Fed.  892,  94  C.  C.  A.  304. 

$7,500.  Thompson  v.  Great  North- 
ern Ry.,  79  Minn.  291,  82  N.  W.  637. 

$7,500.  Flaherty  v.  St.  Louis  Transit 
Co.,  207  Mo.  318,  106  S.  W.  15. 

$8,000.  Whalen  v.  St.  Louis,  K.  C. 
&  N.  R.  R.,  60  Mo.  323. 

$8,000.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Dehnisch  (Tei.  Civ.  App.),  57  S.  W. 
64. 

$8,500.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Price,  48  Tex.  Civ.  App.  210,  106  S.  W. 
700. 

$8,500.  Odegard  v.  North  Wis. 
Lumber  Co.,  130  Wis.  669,  110  N.  W. 
809. 

$9,000.  Price  &  Lucas  C.  &  V.  Co.  v. 
Haley,  125  S.  W.  720,  137  Ky.  305. 

$9,450  (reduced  from  $15,000).  Sor- 
enson  v.  Oregon  Power  Co.,  47  Ore.  24, 
82  Pac.  10. 


$3,500.  Detzur  v.  B.  Stroh  Brewing 
Co.,  119  Mich.  282,  77  N.  W.  948. 

$3,500.  Sampson  v.  St.  Louis  &  S. 
F.  R.  R.  (Mo.  App.),  138  S.  W.  98. 

$4,000.  McCoy  v.  Milwaukee  St. 
Ry.,  88  Wis.  56,  59  N.  W.  453. 

$4,500.  Robinson  v.  St.  Louis  &  S. 
F.  R.  R.,  i33  Mo.  App.  101,  112  S.  W. 
730. 

$4,500.  Barree  v.  Cape  Girardeau, 
132  Mo.  App.  182,  112  S.  W.  724. 

$4,750  (reduced  from  $7,500). 
Nolan  V.  Stillwater  L.  Co.  (Wash.),  118 
Pac.  340. 

$4,750.  Banderob  v.  Wisconsin 
Cent.  Ry.,  133  Wis.  249,  113  N.  W. 
738. 

$6,200.  Weinhardt  v.  New  Orleans, 
125  I-a.  361,  51  So.  286. 

$7,500.  Pearson  v.  Alaska  Pac.  S.  S. 
Co.,  51  Wash.  560,  99  Pac,  753. 

$7,922.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v. 
Seeger  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  126  S.  W. 
1170. 

$8,000.  O'Keefe  v.  Eighth  Ave.  R. 
R.,  33  App.  Div.  324,  53  N.  Y.  Supp. 
940. 

$9,500.  Knapp  v.  Sioux  City  &  P. 
Ry.,  71  la.  41,  32  N.  W.  18. 

$10,000.  Cleveland,  C.  C.  &  S.  L. 
R.  R.  V.  Hadley,  170  Ind.  204,  82  N.  E. 
1025,  16  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  527. 

In  the  following  cases  verdicts  were 
held  excessive: 

$25,000.  Standard  Oil  Co.  v.  Tier- 
ney,  92  Ky.  367,  17  S.  W.  1025,  36  Am. 
St.  Rep.  595,  14  L.  R.  A.  677. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $6,000.  Texas 
&  N.  O.  R.  R.  V.  Geiger,  55  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  1,  118  S.  W.  179. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $2,000.  Cordrey 
V.  Washington  Stevedore  Co.  (Wash.), 
118  Pac.  324. 

$4,500.  Georgetown  W.  G.  E.  & 
P.  Co.  V.  Forwood  (Ky.),  113  S.  W. 
112. 

171 


2722 


EXCESSIVE    OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1356 


On  the  other  hand  verdicts  have  been  found  excessive  in  many 

$12,000.    Akersloot  v.  Second  Ave. 


$10,000.  Montgomery  Traction  Co. 
V.  Knabe,  158  Ala.  458,  48  So.  601. 

810,000.  Louisiana  &  A.  R.  R. 
V.  Hobbs,  87  Ark.  641,  113  S.  W. 
46. 

$10,000.  Pennsylvania  Co.  v.  Reidy, 
99  111.  App.  477. 

$10,000.  Momence  Stone  Co.  v. 
Groves,  100  III.  App.  98. 

$10,000.  Ecltels  V.  Edison,  139  111. 
App.  75. 

$10,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Mitchell,  87  Ky.  327,  8  S.  W.  706. 

$10,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Popp,  96  Ky.  99,  112,  27  N.  W.  992,  16 
Ky.  L.  Rep.  369. 

$10,000.  HoUenbeck  v.  Missouri 
Pac.  Ry.,  141  Mo.  113,  38  S.  W. 
727. 

$10,000.  Swearingen  v.  Consol. 
Troup  Min.  Co.,  212  Mo.  524,  111 
S.  W.  545. 

$10,000.  Garoni  v.  Compagnie  Na- 
tional, 14  N.  Y.  Supp.  798. 

$10,000.  Houston  &  T.  C.  Ry.  v. 
Kelley,  13  Tex.  Civ.  App.  1,  34  S.  W. 
809. 

$10,000.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v. 
Warner,  22  Tex.  Civ.  App.  167,  54 
S.  W.  1064. 

$10,000.  International  &  G.  N.  R. 
R.  V.  Morin  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  116  S. 
W.  656. 

$10,000.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Redus,  55  Tex.  Civ.  App.  206,  118 
S.  W.  208. 

$10,000.  Yerkes  v.  Northern  Pac. 
Ry.,  112  Wis.  184,  88  N.  W.  33. 

$11,000.  Louisville  Ry.  v.  Bryant 
(Ky.),  134  S.  W.  182. 

$11,500.  Hill  V.  Starin,  65  App.  Div. 
361,  73  N.  Y.  Supp.  91. 

$11,500.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.  v.  Johnson 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  34  S.  W.  186. 

$12,000,  second  verdict.  Missouri 
Pac.  Ry.  V.  Mackey,  33  Kan.  298,  6 
Pac.  291. 

$12,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Schroader,  113  S.  W.  874  (Ky.) 


R.  R.,  16  N.  Y.  Supp.  864. 

$12,500.  Eichhom  v.  Central  R.  R., 
185  Fed.  624. 

$12,500.  Kentucky  Cent.  Ry.  v. 
Ryle,  18  S.  W.  938,  13  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
862. 

$12,500.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.  v.  Johnson 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  34  S.  W.  186. 

$12,500.  Texas  &  N.  O.  R.  R.  v. 
Parsons  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  109  S.  W. 
240. 

$13,500.  Parker  v.  Fairbanks-Morse 
Mfg.  Co.,  130  Wis.  525,  110  N.  W. 
409. 

$13,740.  Texas  &  N.  O.  Ry.  v.  Carr 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  42  S.  W.  126. 

$14,000.  Galveston,  H.  &  N.  Ry.  v. 
Murphy,  52  Tex.  Civ.  App.  420,  114 
S.  W.  443. 

$15,000.  Central  of  Ga.  Ry.  v.  Fore- 
hand, 128  Ga.  547,  58  S.  E.  44. 

$15,000.  Chicago  City  Ry.  v.  Wil- 
cox, 33  111.  App.  450. 

$15,000.  Cleveland,  C.  C.  &  St.  L. 
Ry.  V.  Lynn  (Ind.),  95  N.  E.  577. 

$15,000.  Lee  v.  Powell  Bros.  & 
Sanders  Co.,  126  La.  51,  52  So. 
214. 

$15,000.  Oglesby  v.  Missouri  Pac. 
Ry.  (Mo.),  37  S.  W.  829. 

$15,000.  Kalfur  v.  Broadway  F.  & 
M.  A.  R.  R.,  51  N.  Y.  Supp.  179,  54 
N.  Y.  Supp.  503,  34  App.  Div. 
267. 

$15,000.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Harris,  45  Tex.  Civ.  App.  542,  101 
S.  W.  506. 

$16,000.  Roth  V.  Union  Depot  Co., 
13  Wash.  526,  646,  43  Pac.  641,  31  L. 
R.  A.  855. 

$15,000.  Bugge  V.  Seattle  Electric 
Co.,  64  Wash.  483,  103  Pac.  824. 

$17,000.  Walsh  v.  New  York  Cent. 
&  H.  R.  R.,  140  App.  Div.  1, 124  N.  Y. 
Supp.  312. 

$18,000.  Murray  v.  Brooklyn  City 
Ry.,  7  N.  Y.  Supp.  900. 

$18,000.    Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry. 


§1356 


LOSS  OF  A  member:  leg  oe  foot 


2723 


178 


cases/"    For  the  loss  of  both  legs  very  heavy  damages  have 
been  allowed."*    Much  less  damages  will  be  permitted  in  the 


V.  Hynes,  21  Tex.  Civ.  App.  34,  50 
S.  W.  624. 

$20,000.  Burch  v.  Southern  Pac. 
Co.,  32  Nev.  75,  104  Pac.  225. 

$23,000.  Erickson  v.  Brooklyn 
Heights  Ry.,  11  Misc.  662,  32  N.  Y. 
Supp.  915. 

$25,000.  Ehrman  v.  Brooklyn  City 
R.  R.,  14  N.  Y.  Supp.  336. 

$25,000.  Reeks  v.  Seattle  Electric 
Co.,  54  Wash.  609,  104  Pac.  126. 

"'  In  the  following  cases  verdicts 
were  held  excessive: 

$35,000;  reduced  to  $25,000.  Noakes 
V.  New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
121  App.  Div.  716,  106  N.  Y.  Supp. 
522. 

$30,000;  reduced  to  $20,000.  Fisher 
V.  Barber  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  130  S.  W. 
871. 

$25,000.  TuUy  v.  New  York  &  T. 
S.  S.  Co.,  42  N.  Y.  Supp.  29,  11  App. 
Div.  630,  42  N.  Y.  Supp.  1134. 

$25,000.  Galveston  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v. 
Bernard  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  57  S.  W. 
686. 

$23,071;  reduced  to  $17,500.  O'Brien 
V.  J.  G.  White  &  Co.,  105  Me.  308, 
74  Atl.  721. 

$20,320;  reduced  to  $12,000.  Alumi- 
num Co.  V.  Ramsey,  89  Ark.  522,  117 
S.  W.  568. 

$20,000;  reduced  to  $15,000.  Texas 
&  N.  O.  Ry.  V.  Conway,  44  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  68,  98  S.  W.  1070. 

$16,000,  third  verdict;  reduced  to 
$9,000.  Bailey  v.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R. 
R.,  80  Hun,  4,  29  N.  Y.  Supp.  816. 

$15,000;  reduced  to  $12,000.  Wim- 
ber  V.  Iowa  Cent.  Ry.,  114  la.  551,  87 
N.  W.  505. 

$15,000;  reduced  to  $10,000.  Brady 
V.  Kansas  City  St.  L.  &  C.  R.  R.,  206 
Mo.  509,  102  S.  W.  978. 

$15,000.  Quirk  v.  Siegel-Cooper  Co., 
26  Misc.  244,  56  N.  Y.  Supp.  49. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $6,000.     Bell  V. 


Globe  Lumber  Co.,  107  La.  725,  31  So. 
994. 

$9,500;  reduced  to  $6,000.  Rangenier 
V.  Seattle  Electric  Co.,  52  Wash.  401, 
100  Pac.  842. 

$9,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Morris  v. 
Eighth  Ave.  R.  R.,  68  Hun,  39,  22 
N.  Y.  Supp.  666. 

$8,000.  Baker  v.  Public  Service  Ry., 
79  N.  J.  L.  249,  75  Atl.  441. 

"» For  the  loss  of  both  legs  the  fol- 
lowing verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$7,500.  Macon  &  B.  Ry.  v.  Parker, 
127  Ga.  471,  56  8.  E.  616. 

$9,000.  Southern  Pac.  Co.  v.  Hart, 
53  Tex.  Civ.  App.  536,  116  S.  W. 
415. 

$13,000.  Colorado  Midland  Ry.  v. 
O'Brien,  16  Colo.  219,  27  Pac.  701. 

$15,000.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v. 
Stewart,  63  S.  W.  596,  23  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
637. 

$20,000.  Pittsburgh,  C.  C.  &  St. 
L.  Ry.  V.  Simons  (Ind.),  79  N.  E. 
911. 

$22,500.  St.  Louis,  S.  W.  Ry.  v. 
Cleland,  50  Tex.  Civ.  App.  499,  110 
S.  W.  122. 

$25,000.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  j,. 
Rogers,  93  Ark.  564,  126  S.  W.  375, 
1199. 

$27,500.  Union  Pacific  Ry.  v.  Con- 
nolly, 77  Neb.  254,  109  N.  W.  368. 

$30,000.  Pennsylvania  Co.  v.  Bar- 
ton, 130  111.  App.  573. 

$35,000.  Whitehead  v.  Wisconsin 
Cent.  Ry.,  103  Minn.  13,  114  N.  W. 
254,  467. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$50,000;  reduced  to  $30,000.  Yazoo 
&  M.  V.  R.  R.  V.  Wallace,  91  Miss.  492, 
45  So.  857. 

$30,000.  Heddles  ».  Chicago  &  N. 
W.  Ry.,  74  Wis.  239,  42  N.  W. 
237. 


2724 


EXCESSIVE    OR   INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


§1357 


case  of  loss  of  a  foot  ^^  or  a  p^rt  of  it,^^'  or  even  for  the  loss  of 
two  feet.^'^ 


§  1357.  Loss  of  a  member:  arm,  hand  or  finger. 

Verdicts  for  loss  erf  an  arm  have  been  considered;  '*'  generally 


ISO  por  loss  of  a  foot  the  following 
verdicts  have  beeA  upheld: 

$6,950.  Elliott  V.  Newport  St.  Ry., 
18  R.  I.  707,  31  Atl.  694. 

$8,000.  San  Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v. 
Green,  20  Tex.  Civ.  App.  5,  49  S.  W. 
670. 

$9,000.  Manley  v.  New  York  C.  & 
H.  R.  R.  R.,  18  Misc.  502,  42  N.  Y. 
Supp.  1076. 

$10,000.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Sparks,  81  Ark.  187,  99  S.  W.  73. 

$10,000.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.  v. 
Davis,  60  S.  W.  14,  22  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
1156. 

$10,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Mitchell,  87  Ky.  327,  8  S.  W.  706,  10 
Ky.  L.  Rep.  211. 

$10,000.  Southern  Ry.  v.  Isom,  92 
Miss.  82,  45  So.  424. 

$10,500.  Chipman  v.  Union  Pac. 
R.  R.,  12  Utah,  68,  41  Pac.  562. 

$15,00b.  Galvest6n,  H.  &  N.  Ry.  v. 
Newport  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  65  S.  W. 
657. 

$15,060.  Texas  &  N.  O.  R.  R.  v.  Mc- 
Leod  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  131  S.  W. 
311. 

$16,<K)0.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry. 
V.  Abbey,  29  Tex.  Civ.  App.  211,  68 
S.  W.  293. 

In  thte  following  cases  the  amount 
was  held  excessive. 

$22,500.  International  &  G.  N.  R,. 
R.  V.  Brice  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  126  S.  W. 
613. 

$12,500;  reduced  to  $6,000.  Blades  v. 
Des  Moihes  City  Ry.,  146  la.  580,  123 
N.  W.  1057. 

$12,000;  reduced  to  $8,000.  Kroener 
I'.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  88  la.  16, 
55  N.  W.  137. 

$12,000;  reduced  to  $9,000.   Chicago, 


B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  V.  Krayenbuhl,  70  Neb. 
766,  98  N.  W.  44. 

$10,000.  Peri  v.  New  York  C.  &  H. 
R.  R.  R.,  87  Hun,  499,  34  N.  Y.  Supp. 
1009. 

'*'  For  the  loss  of  part  of  a  foot  the 
following  verdicts  were  upheld: 

$1,500,  big  toe.  Jacobsen  v.  Roths- 
child, 62  Wash.  127,  113  Pac.  261. 

$3,500,  three  toes,  great  pain.  Lar- 
kin  V.  New  York  &  N.  R.  R.,  19  N.  Y. 
Supp.  479. 

$5,000,  second  verdict.  W.  M.  Rit- 
ter  Lumber  Co.  v.  Jordan,  138  Ky.  522, 
128  S.  W.  596. 

$11,000.  Jordan  v.  New  York  &  H. 
R.  R.,  16  Daly  130,  9  N.  Y.  Supp.  506. 

"2  For  the  loss  of  both  feet  the  fol- 
lowing verdicts  were  upheld: 

$3,000.  Chicago  &  J.  E.  Ry.  v.  Bar- 
rows, 128  111.  App.  11. 

$9,600.  Texas  &  N.  O.  R.  R.  v. 
Buch  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  125  S.  W.  316. 

$10,006,  and  $2,000  additional  for 
pain.    The  Ruth,  178  Fed.  749. 

The  following  were  held  excessive: 

$25,000;  reduced  to  $20,000.  Wald- 
hier  v.  H.  &  St.  J.  R.  R.,  87  Mo.  37. 

$11,620.11 ;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Pfef- 
fer  V.  Buffalo  Ry.,  4  Misc.  465,  24  N.  Y. 
Supp.  490. 

$8,000,  one  foot  and  four  toes  of 
other  foot;  reduced  to  $4,000.  Wood 
V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.^  88  Fed.  44. 

183  pgr  loss  of  an  arm  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$2,500.  St.  Louis  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Holmes  (Ark.),  131  S.  W.  692. 

$5,000.  Collins  v.  Waterbury  Co., 
144  App.  Div.  670, 129  N.  Y.  Supp.  661. 

$6,000.    The  Buffalo,  147  Fed.  304. 

$6,600.  Texarkana  Tel.  Co.  v.  Pem- 
berton,  86  Ark.  329,  111  S,  W.  2'57, 


§  1357     LOSS  OF  A  member:  arm,  hand  Or  finger       2725 


speaking,  of  course,  greater  damages  might  be  expected  for 
loss  of  a  right  arm  ^'^  than  for  loss  of  a  left  arm,"^  but 
in  each  case  the  amount  of  recovery  will  be  controlled  by 
other  circumstances.    For  loss  of  a  hand  ^*°  or  of  part  of  a 


$6,975.  Schmolt  v.  H.  W.  Wright 
Lumber  Co.,  145  Wis.  577,  130  N.  W. 
499. 

87,000.  Sobieski  v.  St.  Paul  &  D. 
R.  R.,  41  Minn.  169,  42  N.  W.  863. 

$8,000.  Anglo-American  Packing  & 
P.  Co.  V.  Baier,  31  111.  App.  653. 

$8,000.  CKeefew.  Eighth  Ave.  R.R., 
33  App.  Div.  324,  53  N.  Y.  Supp.  940. 

$9,119.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Kirkland,  11  Tex.  Qv.  App.  528,  32 
S.  W.  588. 

$10,000.  South  Covington  &  C.  S. 
R.  R.  V.  Weber,  82  S.  W.  986,  26  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  922. 

$10,000.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry. ». 
Collins,  24  Tex.  Civ.  App.  143,  57  S.  W. 
884. 

$10,170.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Cason,  116  S.  W.  716  (Ky.). 

$12,500.  Rodney  t;.  St.  Lpuis,  S.  W. 
Ry.,  127  Mo.  676,  28  S.  W.  887,  30 
S.  W.  150. 

$14,000.  Galveston,  H.  &  H.  R.  R.  v. 
Bohan  (Tex.  ttv.  App.),  47  S.  W.  1050. 

$15,000.  Greer  i;.  Great  Northern 
Ry.  (Minn.),  132  N.  W.  6. 

The  following  amounts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$20,000;  reduced  to  $12,000.  Renne 
V.  U.  S.  Leather  Co.,  107  Wis.  305,  83 
N.  W.  473. 

$15,000  (reduced  by  trial  court  from 
$25,000);  further  reduced  to  $10,000. 
O'DonneU  v.  American  Sugar  Refining 
Co.,  41  App.  Div.  307,  58  JSf.  Y.  Supp. 
640. 

$13,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Lowe  (Ky.),  66  S.  W.  736. 

$10,000  (reduced  from  $12,500); 
further  reduced  to  $7,000.  Burdict  v. 
Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  123  Mo.  286,  27 
S.  W.  453,  26  L.  R.  A.  384,  45  Am.  St. 
Rep.  528. 

$6,000  (fourth  verdict);  reduced  to 


$4,500.  Vaughn  v.  Glen  Falls  Portland 
Cement  Co.,  59  Misc.  230,  112  N.  Y. 
Supp.  240. 

"*  For  loss  of  a  right  arm  the  follow- 
ing verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$6,500.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Price, 
72  Miss.  862,  18  So.  415. 

$7,500.  Kenny  ».  Marquette  Ce- 
ment Mfg.  Co.,  149  lU.  App.  173. 

$10,000.  St.  Louis,  S.  W.  Ry.  v. 
Groves,  44  Tex.  Civ.  App.  63,  97  S.  W. 
1084. 

$10,500.  Larson  v.  Haglin,  103 
Minn.  257,  114  N.  W.  958. 

$11,916.  Chobanian  v.  Washburn 
Wire  Coi.,  (R.  I.),  80  Atl.  394. 

$17,500.  The  Fullerton,  167  Fed.  1, 
92  C.  C.  A.  463. 

The  following  have  been  held  exces- 
sive: 

$15,000;  reduced  to  $10,000.  Silber- 
stein  I/.  Houston,  W.  S.  &  P.  F.  R.  R., 
52  Him,  611,  4  N.  Y.  Supp.  844. 

$15,000;  reduced  to  $12,000.  Brad- 
bury V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.  (la.), 
128  N.  W.  1. 

•*'  For  loss  of  a  left  arm  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$7,000.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  v. 
Sledge,  68  Kan.  321,  74  Pac.  1111. 

$10,000.  Waggoner  v.  Porterfield 
(Tex.  Qv.  App.),  118  S.  W.  1094. 

$10,000.  Baltzer  u.  Chicago,  M.  & 
N.  R.  R.,  89  Wis.  257,  60  N.  W.  716. 

$12,000.  Lafferty  v.  Third  Ave.  R. 
R.,  85  App.  Div.  592^  83  N.  Y.  Supp. 
405  (affirmed  176  N.  Y.  594,  68  N.  E. 
1118). 

The  following  verdict  has  been  held 
excessive: 

$12,000;  reduced  to  $7,500.  Struble 
V.  Burlington  C.  R.  &  N.  Ry.,  128  la. 
158,  103  N.  W.  142. 

1^  For  loss  of  a  hand  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 


2726 


EXCESSIVE  OR  iNADEQtTAfE  DAMAGES 


§1357 


hand  ^^'  the  damages  must  be  expected  to  be  less.  For  the  loss 
of  one  or  more  fingers  the  amount  of  damages  allowed  must  in 
all  cases  depend  largely  on  the  particular  circimistances. '** 


$4,000.  Whitcofsky  v.  Weir,  32  Fed. 
307. 

$4,700.  Central  R.  R.  v.  DeBray, 
71  Ga.  406. 

$6,000,  right  hand.  Crosby  v.  Cuba 
R.  R.,  158  Fed.  144. 

$7,500.  Sprague  v.  Atlee,  81  la.  1,  46 
N.  W.  756. 

$8,500,  right  hand.  Glucina  v.  F.  H. 
Goss  Brick  Co.,  63  Wash.  401, 115  Pac. 
843. 

$10,000,  left  hand.  Deegan  v.  Gutta 
Percha  &  R.  M.  Co.,  131  App.  Div.  101, 
115  N.  Y.  Supp.  291. 

The  following  have  been  held  exces- 
sive: 

$15,000,  right  hand;  reduced  to 
$10,000.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Brown  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  140  S.  W. 
1172. 

$10,000  (reduced  from  $12,000), 
Brown  v.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R.,  7  Utah, 
288,  26  Pac.  579. 

$8,000,  left  hand.  Pittsburgh  &  L. 
E.  Ry.  V.  Blair,  11  Ohio  Cir.  Ct.  579. 

$8,000;  reduced  to  $6,000.  Murray  v. 
Hudson  R.  R.  R.,  47  Barb.  196. 

^^  $4,120  was  held  excessive  for  loss 
of  part  of  a  hand,  and  reduced  to 
$2,000,  in  Waggoner  v.  Sneed  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  138  S.  W.  219. 

"*  In  the  following  cases  damages  al- 
lowed for  loss  of  one  or  more  fingers 
have  been  upheld: 

$1,119.25,  one  finger,  others  lacer- 
ated. Adams  v.  Peterman  Mfg.  Co.,  47 
Wash.  484,  92  Pac.  339. 

$1,500,  one  finger,  hand  crushed, 
permanent  impairment  of  use.  Strong 
V.  Iowa  Cent.  Ry.,  94  la.  380,  62  N.  W. 
799. 

$1,500,  thumb,  great  pain,  permanent 
inconvenience  and  disfigurement.  Ong 
Chair  Co.  v.  Cook,  85  Ark.  390,  108 
S.  W.  203. 

$1,500,  little    finger,    severe    pain. 


Rommen  v.  Empire  F.  M.  Co.  (Wash.), 
118  Pac.  924. 

$2,080,  tips  of  four  fingers,  earning 
capacity  impaired.  Duskey  v.  Green 
Lake  Shingle  Co.,  51  Wash.  145,  98  Pac. 
99. 

$2,300,  right  thumb,  fingers  injured, 
hand  weakened.  Whalen  v.  Chicago,  R. 
I.  &  P.  Ry.,  75  la.  563,  39  N.  W.  894. 

$2,750,  forefinger  of  right  hand.  San 
Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v.  Muecke,  47 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  380,  105  S.  W.  1009. 

$2,947.60,  middle  finger,  hand  crip- 
pled. Lund  V.  Sargent  Mfg.  Co.,  158 
Mich.  3,  122  N.  W.  372. 

$3,000,  forefinger  and  middle  finger 
of  right  hand,  much  pain.  Sailer  v. 
Friedman  Bros.  Shoe  Co.,  130  Mo. 
App.  712,  109  S.  W.  794. 

$3,000,  right  forefinger.  Finkelstein 
V.  Kramer,  133  App.  Div.  565,  118  N. 
Y.  Supp.  152. 

$3,008,  three  fingers.  Rood  v.  Seattle 
El.  Co.,  55  Wash.  217,  104  Pac.  249. 

$3,250,  left  thumb  and  right  fore- 
finger. Bemier  v.  St.  Paul  Gaslight 
Co.,  91  Minn.  214,  99  N.  W.  778. 

$3,300,  two  fingers  of  left  hand,  two 
others  crippled.  Chapman  v.  Southern 
Pac.  Co.,  12  Utah,  30,  41  Pac.  551. 

$4,000,  little  finger,  right  hand  dis- 
abled, body  bruised,  much  pain.  Nib- 
lock  V.  Ann  Arbor  R.  R.,  158  Mich. 
582,  123  N.  W.  35. 

$4,500,  two  fimgers,  strength  of  hand 
and  arm  impaired,  plaintiff  a  musician. 
Obom  V.  Nelson,  126  S.  W.  178  (Mo. 
App.) 

$5,000,  three  fingers,  bums.  Walker 
V.  Sinunons  Mfg.  Co.,  131  Wis.  542,  111 
N.  W.  694. 

$6,000,  three  fingers,  operation  re- 
quired, wrist  stiffened.  Mm-taugh  v. 
New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  49  Hun, 
456,  3  N.  Y.  Supp.  483. 

$7,250,  several  fingers,  loss  of  use  of 


1 1358 


biSJFlGttilEMEM'f 


2727 


§  1368.  Disfigurement. 

Permanent  disfigurement  is  sometimes  an  element  in  dam- 
ages, either  increasing  the  damages  ^**  or  sometimes  because  it 


hand,  permanent  incapacity.  Ft. 
Worth  &  R.  G.  Ry.  v.  Bowen  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  68  S.  W.  700. 

$7,500,  two  fingers,  scar  on  pabn,  per- 
manent nervousness.  Johnson  v.  Bay 
City,  164  Mich.  251,  129  N.  W.  29. 

$7,500,  all  fingers  of  right  hand.  Mis- 
souri, K.  &  T.  Ry.  V.  Hauer  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  33  S.  W.  1010. 

$9,000  (reduced  from  $12,000),  four 
fingers.  Phippin  v.  Missouri'  Pac.  Ry., 
196  Mo.  321,  93  S.  W.  410. 

$12,000,  two  fingers,  hand  disabled, 
pain.  San  Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v. 
Beauchamp,  54  Tex.  Civ.  App.  123, 116 
S.  W.  1163. 

$16,000,  one  finger  right  hand,  all 
fingers  of  left,  plaintiff  trained  in  music. 
Murray  u.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.  (la.), 
133  S.W.  123. 

In  the  following  cases  the  verdict 
was  held  excessive: 

$15,000,  one  finger,  bums,  temporary 
crippling;  reduced  to  $7,500.  Cutler  v. 
Pittsburg  S.  P.  G.  M.  Co.  (Nev.),  116 
Pac.  418. 

$7,500,  four  fingers  of  right  hand;  re- 
duced to  $5,000.  Campbell  v.  Wheeli- 
han-Weidauer  Co.,  45  Wash.  675,  89 
Pac.  161. 

$6,500,  right  thumb  and  left  fore- 
finger. Gray-Meek  P.  B.  Co.  v.  Mc- 
Nally  (Ky.),  129  S.  W.  299. 

$6,500,  thumb  and  forefinger.  Kan- 
sas Pac.  Ry.  V.  Peavey,  29  Kan.  169,  34 
Kan.  472,  8  Pac.  780. 

$5,125,  three  fingers;  reduced  to 
$4,000.  Barg  v.  Bousfield,  65  Minn. 
355,  68  N.  W.  45. 

$5,000  two  fingers.  Louisville  &  N. 
R.  R.  V.  Foley,  94  Ky.  220,  21  S.  W. 
866. 

$5,000,  thumb  and  one  finger  of  left 
hand,  hand  crippled;  reduced  to  $4,000. 
Richardson  v.  St.  Louis  &  H.  Ry.,  223 
Mo.  325,  123  S.  W.  22. 


$S,000,  two  fingers.  Barclay  v.  Puget 
S.  L.  Co.,  48  Wash.  241,  93  Pac.  430,  16 
L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  140. 

$4,500,  right  forefinger  and  part  of 
thumb;  reduced  to  $3,500.  Rittel  w; 
E.  E.  Souther  Iron  Co.,  127  Mo.  App. 
463,  105  S.  W.  662. 

$4,000,  httle  finger,  hand  stiffened, 
pain;  reduced  to  $3,000.  Mahood  v. 
Pleasant  Valley  Coal  Co.,  8  Utah,  85, 
30  Pac.  149. 

$4,000,  two  fingers;  reduced  to 
$3,000.  Gagnon  v.  Klauder-Weldon 
D.  M.  Co.,  174  Fed.  477. 

$3,500  (reduced  from  $4,500),  two 
fingers;  reduced  to  $2,500.  Stiller  v. 
Bohn  Manuf.  Co.,  80  Minn.  1,  82 
N.  W.  981. 

$2,500,  one  finger;  reduced  to  $1,000. 
Ball  V.  Peterman  Mfg.  Co.,  47  Wash. 
653,  92  Pac.  425. 

$2,000,  thumb.  Louisville  &  N.  R. 
R.  V.  Law,  14  Ky.  L.  Rep.  850,  21  S.  W. 
648. 

$1,800  two  fingers;  reduced  to  $1,200. 
Gahagan  v.  Aerometer  Co.,  67  Minn. 
252,  69  N.  W.  914. 

$1,250,  one  joint  of  right  thumb. 
N.  N.  &  N.  V.  Co.  V.  Walker,  14  Ky. 
L.  Rep.  175. 

18'  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$600  for  pain  and  scar.  The  North 
Star,  169  Fed.  711. 

$1,000  for  pain,  expense,  and  dis- 
figured face.  Frankfort  v.  Kendrick 
(Ky.),  114  S.  W.  289. 

$1,200  (reduced  from  $1,600),  for 
pain,  loss  of  time,  and  permanent  scars. 
O'Callaghan  v.  Dellwood  Park  Co.,  149 
111.  App.  34. 

$1,500  for  pain,  expenses,  and 
scarred  face,  by  girl  of  eighteen. 
Cameron  v.  Bryan,  89  la.  214,  56 
N.  W.  434. 

$3,000  for  pain,  loss  of  taste  and 


2728 


EXCESSIVE   Or  INADEQtTATE  DAMAGES 


§1359 


furnishes  of  itself  the  principal  ground  for  the  recovery  of 
damages. "° 

§  1359.  Impairment  of  sight  or  hearing. 

Verdicts  have  been  exacmined  by  the  courts  which  gave 
compensation  for  the  impairment  of  sight/^^  for  the  entire  loss 


smell,  and  distorted  face.  Illinois  Val- 
ley Ry.  V.  Haremski,  132  111.  App.  423. 

$3,000  for  permanent  lameness  and 
distorted  face.  Juul  v.  Kitsap  Transp. 
Co.,  55  Wash.  156,  104  Pac.  191. 

$3,500  for  pain,  nervous  irritation, 
and  disfigurement.  Frank  Parmelee 
Co.  V.  Wheelock,  127  111.  App.  500. 

$3,500  (reduced  from  $4,500),  for 
pain  and  disfigurement  of  face.  Pron- 
skeviteh  v.  Chicago  &  A.  Ry.,  232  111. 
136,  83  N.  E.  545,  affirming  135  111. 
App.  401. 

$4,000  for  permanent  pain  and  dis- 
figurement of  face.  Shortridge  v.  Scar- 
ritt  Estate  Co.  (Mo.  App.),  130  S.  W. 
126. 

$4,500  for  pain,  loss  of  time  ten 
months,  expense,  and  permanent  dis- 
figurement. The  J.  G.  Lindauer,  158 
Fed.  449. 

$5,000  for  bodily  and  mental  pain, 
permanent  disability,  and  disfigure- 
ment. Gurdon  &  Ft.  S.  Ry.  v.  Cal- 
houn, 86  Ark.  76,  109  S.  W.  1017. 

$5,000  for  permanent  injury  and  dis- 
figurement. St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R. 
R.  V.  Price,  83  Ark.  437,  104  S.  W.  157. 

$6,000  for  broken  ribs  and  permanent 
disfigurement  of  face,  of  young  girl 
eight  years  old.  Bennett  v.  Brooklyn 
Heights  R.  R.,  1  App.  Div.  205,  37 
N.  Y.  Supp,  447. 

$7,000  for  suffering  and  permanent 
disfigurement  of  girl  sixteen  years  old. 
St.  Louis,  S.  F.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Andrews, 
44  Tex.  Civ.  App.  426,  99  S.  W.  871. 

$15,000  for  injury  requiring  serious 
surgical  treatment  of  face,  permanent 
lameness,  and  disfigurement  of  girl 
thirteen  years  old.  James  v.  Oakland 
Trac.  Co.,  9  Cal.  App.  21,  103  Pac. 
1082. 


$16,338.82  for  frightful  and  perma- 
nent injury  and  disfigurement  of  a 
woman.  Kenney  v.  South  Shore  N.  G. 
&  F.  Co.,  131  App.  Div.  859,  119  N.  Y. 
Supp.  363. 

For  injury  to  brain,  permanent  in- 
jury to  health,  and  deforming  scars  of 
young  girl,  a  verdict  of  $30,000  was  re- 
duced to  $12,000.  Mitchell  v.  Tacoma 
R.  &  M;.  Co.,  13  Wa^sh.  560, 43  Pac.  528. 

""  Newbury  v.  Getchel  &  M.  L.  & 
M.  Co.,  100  la.  441,  457,  69  N.  W-  743, 
62  Am.  St.  Rep.  582. 

The  following  verdicts  were  upheld 
wtere  the  principal  damage  was  per- 
manent deformity: 

$700.  Gibbs  v.  Poplar  Bluff  L.  &  P. 
Co.  (Mo-  App.),  125  S.  W.  840. 

$1,500.  Cameron  v.  Bryan,  89  la. 
214,  56  N.  W.  434. 

$2,000.  Chicago  v.  Reid,  141  111. 
App.  514. 

The  following  verdict  was  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$7,000;  reduced  to  $3,000.  Kihner  v. 
Reckitt,  75  App.  Div.  180,  77  N.  Y. 
Supp.  395. 

"1  For  impairment  of  sight  the  fol- 
lowing verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$750.  Lemoine  v.  Sullivan  (Ark.), 
134  S.  W.  946. 

$2,500,  also  impairment  of  hearing. 
Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v.  Bean,  45 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  52,  99  S.  W.  721. 

$3,000.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  s. 
Sanchez  (Tex.  Civ.  App,),  122  S.  W.  44. 

$5,000,  incapacitated  for  business. 
Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Hulf  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  32  S.  W.  551. 

$6,500.  scalded  all  over  body,  ijjtense 
pain.  Winona  Technical  Institute  v. 
Stolte,  173  Ind.  39,  89  N.  E.  393. 

$9,000,  fracture  of  leg,  wrists,  and 


§1359 


IMPAIIMENT  Of  sight  OR  HEARING 


2729 


of  sight  in  one  eye/^^  usually  accompanied  by  impairment  of 
the  sight  of  the  other  eye;  "^  and  recovery  for  total  blind- 


skull,  leg  and  wrist  permanently  de- 
formed. Welk  V.  Jackson  Architectural 
Ironworks,  98  App.  Div.  247,  90  N.  Y. 
Supp.  541. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$10,000,  burned  and  scarred,  no  per- 
manent injury.  Kentucky  Wagon 
Mfg.  Co.  V.  Sha,ke,  137  Ky.  742,  126 
S.  W.  1095. 

$8,000;  reduced  to  $7,000.  De  La 
Vergne  R.  M.  Co.  v.  Stahl,  24  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  471,  60  S.  W.  319. 

$4,650;  reduced  to  $2,500.  McGrew. 
V.  Chicago  &  M.  E.  R.  R.,  142  111.  App. 
210. 

'^^  For  loss  of  an  eye  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$2,500.  Orscheto  v.  Scott,  106  Mo. 
App.  583,  80  S.  W.  982. 

$3,682.  Potvin  v.  West  Bay  City 
Shipbuilding  Co.,  156  Mich.  201,  120 
N.  W.  613. 

$4,400.  Sherley  v.  BiUings,  8  Bush 
(Ky.)  147,  8  Am.  Rep.  451. 

$4,500.  Shaver  v.  3.  Neils  Lumber 
Co.,  109  Minn.  376,  123  N.  W.  1076. 

$5,000.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.  v.  Bowlin 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  32  S.  W.  918. 

$5,000;  pain  and  operation.  Hocking 
V.  Windsor  Spring  Co.,  131  Wis.  532, 
111  N.  W.  685. 

86,000,  disabling  injury  to  head. 
Starnes  v.  Pine  Woods  Lumber  Co.,  122 
La.  284,  47  So.  607. 

$6,500.  Dallas  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Abler,  72 
Tex.  150,  9  S.  W.  871. 

$7,000.  Shaw  v.  Chicago  &  G.  T. 
Ry.,  123  Mich.  629,  82  N.  W.  618,  49 
L.  R.  A.  308. 

$7,500.  Korzib  v.  Netherlands- 
American  S.  N.  do.,  175  Fed.  998. 

$10,000,  skull  crushed,  inability  to 
labor  from  effects  of  injurj'.  Missouri, 
K.  &  T.  Ry.  V.  Parker,  20  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  470,  49  S.  W.  717. 


$11,400,  skull  fractured,  mental  and 
physical  wreck.  Cobb  v.  St.  Louis  &  H. 
Ry.,  149  Mo.  609,  50  S.  W,  894. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$15,000,  badly  burned;  reduced  to 
$10,000.  Ribich  v.  Lake  Superior 
Smelting  Co.,  123  Mich.  401,  82  N.  W. 
279,  48  L.  R.  A.  649. 

$12,821,  disfigurement  of  face;  re- 
duced to  $7,500.  Hajmes  v.  Maine 
Cent!  R.  R.,  (Me.),  80  Atl.  38. 

193  Pqp  iQgg  Qf  Qng  gyg  ajj  J  impairment 
of  the  sight  of  the  other  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$1,000  (reduced  from  $6,200).  Nel- 
son V.  A.  H.  Stange  Co.,  140  Wis.  657, 
123  N.  W.  152. 

$7,000,  incapacitated  for  business. 
Chicago  Veneer  Co.  v.  Jones  (Ky.),  135 
S.  W.  430. 

$7,948,  other  serious  injuries.  Haley 
V.  Solvay  Process  Co.,  127  App.  Div. 
753,  112  N.  Y.  Supp.  25. 

$8,500,  bones  of  face  and  skull  in- 
jured, operation.  Wysocki  v.  Wiscon- 
sin Lakes  I.  &  C.  Co.,  121  Wis.  96,  98 
N.  W.  950. 

$14,400.  Vant  Hul  v.  Great  Northern 
Ry.,  90  Minn.  329,  96  N.  W.  789. 

$25,(K)0,  side  paralyzed,  spine  curved, 
other  injuries.  Perkins  v.  Sunset  T. 
&  T.  Co.,  155  Cal.  712,  103  Pac. 
190. 

$30,000,  severely  burned,  scars,  arm 
stiffened,  several  operations,  total  dis- 
ability. Commonwealth  Electric  Co. 
V.  Rooney,  138  111.  App.  275. 

A  verdict  of  $15,000  where  there  were 
severe  burns,  causing  loss  of  time,  but 
completely  cured,  was  held  excessive 
and  reduced  to  $12,000;  there  having 
been  a  former  verdict  of  $8,000.  Hardy 
V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  149  la.  4i, 
127  N.  W.  1093. 


2730 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


1360 


ness  has  also  been  brought  in  question."*  So  the  courts  have 
considered  the  question  of  excessive  damages  for  total  deaf- 
ness "^  and  for  an  impairment  of  hearing."* 

§  1360.  Nervous  disorders. 

Where  the  injury  causes  some  sort  of  nervous  disorder,  the 
amount  of  recovery  may  be  greatly  increased  thereby;  though 
juries  appear  often  to  be  misled  by  the  indefinite  and  intangible 
nature  of  the  disease  to  giving  verdicts  which  courts  regard  as 
excessive.  Courts  have  been  called  upon  to  pass  on  the  ex- 
cessiveness  of  numerous  verdicts  in  which  compensation  had 
been  assessed  for  neurasthenia,  nervous  prostration,  or  trau- 
matic neurosis,'"  or  for  nervous  shock,  hysteria,  and  many 
other  forms  of  nervous  disorder."* 


"*  For  total  blindness  the  follow- 
ing verdicts  have  been  held  excess- 
ive: 

$37,500.  Deep  Mining  &  Drainage 
Co.  V.  Fitzgerald,  21  Colo.  533,  43  Pac. 
210. 

$9,500;  reduced  to  $8,000.  Peterson 
V.  Roessler  &  Hasslacher  Chemical  Co., 
131  Fed.  156. 

196  For  deafness  the  following  ver- 
dicts have  been  upheld: 

$1,000.  American  E.  &  C.  Co.  v. 
Crawford  (Ky.),  134  S.  W.  448. 

$2,500.  West  Chicago  St.  R.  R.  v. 
Lups,  74  III.  App.  420. 

$7,500,  eyesight  weakened,  wound  at 
base  of  skull.  Ronald  v.  Pacific  Trac- 
tion Co.  (Wash.),  118  Pac.  311. 

For  deafness  which  prevented  plain- 
tiff, an  engineer,  from  continuing  in  his 
business,  a  verdict  of  $25,000  reduced 
to  $15,000  by  the  trial  court,  was  held 
so  excessive  as  to  bear  on  its  face  the 
evidence  of  an  error  which  remittitur 
could  not  cure,  and  it  was  set  aside. 
Chicago,  R.  I.  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Forrester 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  137  S.  W.  162. 


196  por  impairment  of  hearing  the 
following  verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$2,5(X),  four  teeth  lost.  Wilson  v. 
Chicago  City  Ry.,  144  lU.  App.  604. 

$4,000  (reduced  from  $5,000),  sight 
and  memory  impaired.  Kennedy  v. 
Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  57  Minn.  227, 
58  N.  W.  878. 

$5,900.  Southwestern  T.  &  T.  Co. 
p.  Abeles,  94  Ark.  254,  126  S.  W. 
724. 

"'  For  neurasthenia  or  similar  ner- 
vous disease  caused  by  the  defendant 
the  following  verdicts  have  been  up- 
held: 

$2,500  (reduced  from  $6,448).  Mur- 
phy V.  South  St.  Paul,  101  Minn.  341, 
112  N.  W.  259. 

$3,000.  Louisville  v.  Tompkins 
(Ky.),  122  S.  W.  174. 

$4,000.  Roe  V.  MetropoUtan  St.  Ry., 
131  Mo.  App.  128,  110  S.  W.  611. 

$4,000.  Garthley  v.  Seattle  Electric 
Co.,  49  Wash.  616,  96  Pac.  155. 

$5,000.  Berger  v.  St.  Paul  City  Ry., 
95  Minn.  84,  103  N.  W.  724. 

$5,000  (reduced  from  $8,500).    Fall- 


198  For  nervous  shock,  hysteria,  or 
other  nervous  disorder  resulting  from 


defendant's  wrong,  the  following  ver- 
dicts have  been  upheld; 


lS6l 


IlSrSANITY  AND   LOSS  OF  MENTAL  POWER 


2731 


§  1361.  Insanity  and  loss  of  mental  power. 

Verdicts  have  been  considered  where  the  principal  element 

R.  I.  &  G.  Ry.  V.  Swann  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  127  S.  W.  1164. 

S12,000;  reduced  to  $8,000.  Schwartz- 
bauer  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  112 
Minn.  356,  128  N.  W.  286. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $4,000.  Becker 
V.  Albany  Ry.,  35  App.  Div.  46,  54 
N.  Y.  Supp.  395. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $4,000.  Lock- 
wood  V.  Twenty-third  St.  Ry.,  15  Daly, 
374,  7  N.  Y.  Supp.  633. 

$5,500.  Edwards  v.  Seattle  R.  (fe  S. 
Ry.,  62  Wash.  77,  113  Pac.  563. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $3,000.  O'Plana- 
gan  V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.  (Mo.  App.), 
129  S.  W.  1019. 

$4,500;  reduced  to  $3,500.  DeCourcy 
V.  Prendergast  Const.  Co.,  140  Mo. 
App.  169,  120  S.  W.  632. 

$3,000,  also  diseased  heart,  injury  to 
eye  and  spine.  Gay  v.  Milwaukee  E. 
R.  &  L.  Co.,  138  Wis.  348,  120  N.  W. 
283. 


dm  V.  Seattle,  57  Wash.  307,  106  Pac. 
914. 

$7,000.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Farris  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  126  S.  W.  1174. 

$8,000.  Pierce  v.  Spokane,  59  Wash. 
615,  110  Pac.  537. 

$9,500,  internal  injuries,  paralysis. 
Crozier  v.  Minneapolis  St.  Ry.,  106 
Minn.  77,  118  N.  W.  256. 

$16,000,  severe  attack,  danger  of 
dementia  or  paresis.  St.  Louis,  I.  M. 
&  S.  R.  R.  V.  Osborne,  95  Ark.  310,  129 
S.  W.  537. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$34,000,  mind  impaired,  partial  and 
progressive  paralysis,  lungs  injured; 
reduced  to  $27,500.  Missouri,  K.  &  T. 
Ry.  V.  Dalton  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  120 
S.  W.  240. 

$18,000.  Chlanda  v.  St.  Louis  Tran- 
sit Co.,  213  Mo.  244,  112  S.  W.  249. 

$13,000;  reduced  to  $8,000.   Chicago, 


(Note  198 — continued.) 

$800.  Robinson  v.  Marino,  3  Wash. 
434,  441,  28  Pac.  752,  28  Am.  St.  Rep. 
50. 

$800  (reduced  from  $1,500) .  Pf eiffer 
V.  Radke,  144  Wis.  430,  129  N.  W.  413. 

$1,000.  Indianapolis  T.  T.  Co.  v. 
Uhrick,  45  Ind.  App.  149,  90  N.  E.  321. 

$1,000.  Lang  V.  Hill,  151  Mo.  App. 
685,  138  S.  W.  698. 

$1,135.45.  Des  Moineaux  v.  New 
York  City  Ry.,  118  App.  Div.  848,  103 
N.  Y.  Supp.  618. 

$2,500.  Averitt  v.  Metropolitan  St. 
Ry.,  151  Mo.  App.  265,  131  S.  W.  752. 

$3,750.  Colorado  Springs  Electric 
Co.  V.  Soper,  38  Colo.  126,  88  Pac.  165. 

$4,000.  Wyman  v.  Pike,  108  Minn. 
481,  122  N.  W.  310. 

$4,000.  Kupke  v.  St.  Louis  Tr.  Co., 
122  Mo.  App.  355,  99  S.  W.  472. 

$6,400.  Kimic  v.  San  Jose-Los  Gatos 
I.  U.  Ry.,  156  Cal.  273,  379,  104  Pac. 
312. 


$6,500.  Olson  v.  Great  Northern 
Ry.,  68  Minn.  165,  71  N.  W.  5. 

$9,000  (reduced  from  $12,500). 
Lake  St.  Elevated  R.  R.  v.  Sandy,  137 
111.  App.  244. 

$10,000,  heart  diseased,  disabled 
from  work.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry. 
V.  Worth,  55  Tex.  Civ.  App.  478,  116 
S.  W.  365. 

$11,500.  Savage  v.  Joseph  H. 
Bauland  Co.,  42  App.  Div.  285,  58 
N.  Y.  Supp.  1014. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$30,000.  Gibney  v.  St.  Louis  Tran- 
sit Co.,  204  Mo.  704,  103  S.  W.  43. 

$26,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Long,  94  Ky.  410,  22  S.  W.  747. 

$20,000  (reduced  from  $30,000). 
Partello  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  217  Mo. 
645,  117  S.  W.  1138. 

$20,000;  reduced  to  $7,500.  Hamil- 
ton V.  Great  Falls  St.  Ry.,  17  Mont. 
334,  42  Pac.  860. 


2732 


EXCESSIVE  OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


1362 


of  loss  was  insanity  supervening  upon  the  injury,"'  or  idiocy,^ 
or  at  least  a  permanent  loss  of  mental  power,  or  other  mental 
trouble.  2" 


§  1362.  Shortening  of  life. 

The  fact  that  a  physical  injury  will  appreciably  shorten  the 
victim's  life,  either  by  resulting  in  a  fatal  disease  ^^  or  by  the 
general  debilitating  effect,^"'  justifies  heavy  damages.  In 
Clay  V.  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway  ^*  a  verdict 
of  $35,000  was  given  for  very  severe  and  painful  injuries  which 
resulted,  after  suit  brought  but  before  verdict,  in  plaintiff's 
death.  The  verdict  was  upheld.  It  was  urged  that  no  greater 
damages  could  be  recovered  than  would  be  allowed  for  death; 


$12,000.  Davidson  v.  St.  Ix)uis 
Transit  Co.,  211  Mo.  320,  109  S.  W. 
583. 

$7,500;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Lapleine 
V.  Morgan's  L.  &  T.  R.  &  S.  S.  Co.,  40 
La.  Ann.  661,  4  So.  875. 

$4,500;  reduced  to  $2,500.  Hase  v. 
Seattle  (Wash.),  107  Pac.  515. 

"'  The  following  verdicts,  where  the 
injury  resulted  in  insanity,  were  up- 
held: 

$6,000.  Anderson  v.  Smith,  104 
Minn.  40,  116  N.  W.  743. 

$10,000.  Bochat  i;.  Knisely,  144  111. 
App.  551. 

$12,000.  Cherbuhez  v.  Parsons,  59 
Misc.  613,  111  N.  Y.  Supp.  616. 

™  The  following  verdicts  were  up- 
held where  the  plaintiff  entirely  lost  his 
mental  power  as  a  result  of  the  injury: 

$3,600.  Chicago  U.  Tract.  Co.  v. 
Scanlon,  136  Ul.  App.  212. 

$8,500.  Wihnyk  v.  Second  Ave.  R. 
R.,  14  App.  Div.  515,  43  N.  Y.  Supp. 
1023. 

$10,000.  International  &  G.  N.  R. 
R.  D.  Dalwigh  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  56 
S.  W.  136. 

$18,962.88.  Alamo  D.  B.  Co.  v. 
Yeargan  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  123  S.  W. 
721. 

""1  The  following  verdicts  were  up- 
held: 


$6,000  for  permanent  impairment  of 
mental  faculties.  Powell  v.  Nevada  C. 
&  O.  Ry.,  28  Nev.  40,  78  Pac.  978. 

$7,000  for  injury  resulting  in  incur- 
able epileptic  convulsions.  Romona 
O.  S.  Co.  v.  Shields,  173  Ind.  68,  88 
N.  E.  695. 

^^  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld  where  a  fatal  disease  was  caused 
by  the  injury: 

$3,000,  tuberculosis.  Paauhau  Sugar 
Plantation  Co.  v.  Palapala,  127  Fed. 
920,  62  C.  C.  A.  552. 

$3,400,  disease  of  heart.  Mont- 
gomery Tr.  Co.  V.  Bazeman,  152  Ala. 
145,  44  So.  559. 

$4,500,  tuberculosis.  Van  Cleve  v. 
St.  Louis,  M.  &  S.  E.  Ry.,  137  Mo. 
App.  332,  118  S.  W.  116. 

$7,500,  cancer.  Louisville  Ry.  v. 
Steubing  (Ky.),  136  S.  W.  634. 

$15,000,  progressive  pa,ralysis.  San 
Antpnio  Traction  Co.  v.  Prpbandt  (Tex. 
av.  App.),  125  S.  W.  931. 

^^  The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$2,500.  Yazoo  &  M.  V.  R.  R.  v. 
Seattle  (Miss.),  49  So.  609. 

$8,800.  Cooper  v.  St.  Paul  City  Ry., 
54  Minn.  379,  56  N.  W.  42. 

$13,625.  Sutton  v.  Snohomish,  11 
Wash.  24,  39  Pac.  273. 

«><  104  Minn.  1,  115  N.  W.  949. 


§  1363  OTHEE   PERMANENT   INJURIES  2733 

and  these  were  restricted  by  law  to  $5,000.  Mr.  Justice  Jag- 
gafd>  however,  held  that>  the  amount  of  damages  not  being 
restricted  in  this  action,  the  limit  fixed  by  law  for  damages  for 
death  had  no  relation  to  the  amount  recoverable.  He  said: 
"There  is  no  dispute  that  plaintiff's  injuries  resulted  in  in- 
describable anguish  ahd  in  death.  They  were  as  serious  as 
they  could  possibly  have  been.  That  they  were  necessarily 
fatal,  or  that  only  $5,000  could  have  been  recovered  by  his 
administrator  for  the  next  of  kin,  does  not  constitute  any 
reason  whatever  for  holding  the  verdict  improper.  It  has 
never  been  the  law  in  this  court  that,  the  worse  a  servant  is 
hurt  by  his  master's  negligence,  the  less  he  can  recover.  The 
fact  that  death  was  likely  to  result  does  not  diminish  the  ex- 
tent of  the  proper  recovery.  Plaintiff,  surviving  the  casualty, 
had  a  cause  of  action  totally  different  from  that  of  his  admin- 
istrator on  his  death.  For  his  injury  he  was  entitled  to  com- 
pensation. The  greater  the  injury,  the  larger  should  the 
verdict  be.  In  the  present  case,  calculations  of  the  value  of  the 
verdict  in  money,  intelligently  invested,  show  that  the  verdict 
was  not  unreasonable  upoii  a  strictly  pecuniary  basis." 

§  1363.  Other  permanent  injtxries. 

Verdicts  for  other  permanent  personal  injuries  in  great 
variety  have  been  considered  by  the  courts,  and  the  verdicts 
seem  to  have  been  usually  upheld.  ^"^ 

™'  In  the  following  cases  verdicts  for  disability  to  do  housework.     State  v. 

permanent  injuries  have  been  upheld:  Miller,  180  Fed.  796. 

$500,  permanent  and  serious  itijuty  $1,000,  miscarriage,  permanent  suf- 

to  arm.    Henderson  v.  White,  49  S.  W.  fering  and  mortification.    Singer  S.  M. 

764,  20  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1525.  Co.  v.  Phipps  (Ind.  App.),  94  N.  E. 

$500,  miscarriage.    Big  Sandy  &  C.  79^,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  431. 

R.  R.  v.  Slankenship  (Ky.),  118  S.  W.  $1,000,  health  permanently  impaired. 

316,  23  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  345.                •  University  of  Louisville  v.  Hammock, 

$*0  (reduced  from  $2,000),  t)ferima-  127  Ky.  664,  106  S.  W.  219,  14  L.  R.  A. 

nent  injury  to  arm,   continued  pain.  (N.  S.)  784. 

Rock  Island  v.  Larkin*   136  111.  App.  $1,000,  baby  contracted  blood  poi- 

579.  soning  and  catarrhal  pneumonia,  per- 

$900,  internal  injuries,  causing  per-  manently  injuring  health.    Covington 

manent  weakness.     Monongahela  R.  v.     BoUwinkle     (Ky.),      121    S.    W. 

C.  C.  &  C.  Co.  V.  Kramer  (Ky.),  121  664. 

S.  W.  978.  $1,500,  impaired  hearing,  great  pain, 

$1,000,  Bight  and  hearing  impaired,  inability  to  do  heavy  work.    St.  Louis, 


2734 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1364 


§  1364.  Doubt  as  to  permanence  of  injury. 

A  ^«„K+  „o  +,^  tjie  permanence  of  the  injury  may  exist  in  the 


A  doubt  as  to 


I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  V.  Reed,  92  Ark.  350, 122 
S.  W.  645. 

$1,500,  spine  injured,  partial  paraly- 
sis. Witty  V.  Springfield  Traction  Co. 
(Mo.  App.),  134  S.  W.  82. 

$1,500,  injury  to  liver  and  spine. 
Ferguson  v.  Ehret,  14  Misc.  454,  35 
N.  Y.  Supp.  1020. 

$1,500,  permanent  dizziness  and 
headache.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Allen,  53  Tex.  Civ.  App.  433,  115  S.  W. 
1179. 

$1,600,  injury  to  leg,  hip  and  back, 
continued  bad  health  with  headaches. 
Western  S.  C.  &  F.  Co.  v.  Bean,  163 
Ala.  255,  50  So.  1012. 

$2,000,  bruises,  curvature  of  spine, 
wasting  of  muscles,  drooping  of  shoul- 
der. Hanchett  v.  Haas,  125  111.  App. 
111. 

$2,000,  bums  leaving  scars,  legs  per- 
manently weakened.  Asmossen  v. 
Swift  &  Co.,  148  111.  App.  248. 

$2,000,  permanent  scar  on  leg,  prob- 
ability of  varicose  ulcerations.  Bayles 
V.  Savery  Hotel  Co.  (la.),  126  N.  W. 
808. 

$2,000,  lower  part  of  body  injured, 
no  control  over  organs.  Louisville  Ry. 
V.  Bohon,  99  S.  W.  915,  30  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
862. 

$2,000,  permanent  injury,  confined  to 
bed  ten  months.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R. 
V.  MacMillan  (Ky.),  134  S.  W.  185. 

$2,000,  incurable  affection  of  spine, 
permanent  suffering.  Waldron  v.  St. 
Paul,  33  Minn.  87,  22  N.  W.  4. 

$2,000,  woman,  constant  hem- 
orrhages of  stomach.  Newbury  v. 
Great  Northern  Ry.,  109  Minn.  113, 
122  N.  W.  1117. 

$2,000,  severe  case  of  varicocele. 
McNamara  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry., 
133  Mo.  App.  645,  114  S.  W.  SO. 

$2,000,  internal  injuries  and  nervous 
disability.  O'Donnell  v.  Hannibal 
(Mo.  App.),  128  S,  W,  819. 


$2,000,  permanent  injury  to  spine. 
Wohlenberg  v.  Melchert,  35  Neb.  803, 
53  N.  W.  982. 

$2,250,  internal  injuries.  St.  Louis 
S.  W.  Ry.  V.  Freedman,  18  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  563,  46  S.  W.  101. 

$2,250.  Smalley  v.  Appleton,  75 
Wis.  18,  43  N.  W.  826. 

$2,500,  varicose  veins,  internal  in- 
juries and  indigestion.  Kriainger  v. 
Creston,  141  la.  154,  119  N.  W. 
526. 

$2,500,  internal  injuries,  continued 
bad  health.  Louisville  H.  &  S.  L.  Ry. 
V.  Foulks,  103  S.  W.  266,  31  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
632. 

$2,500,  diseased  lung.  Donelly  ». 
St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  70  Minn.  278,  73 
N.  W.  157. 

$2,750,  neuralgia,  permanent  weak 
side.  Fulmore  v.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  72 
Minn.  448,  75  N.  W.  589. 

$3,200,  tumor,  adhesion  of  lung  to 
chest.  Wynne  v.  Atlantic  Ave.  R.  R., 
14  Misc.  394,  35  N.  Y.  Supp.  1034. 

$3,500,  nervous  shock,  internal  in- 
juries, impairment  of  health.  Watkiss 
V.  Chicago,  146  111.  App.  562. 

$3,500,  hemorrhages,  loss  of  control 
of  functions.  Louisville  Ry.  v.  Worley, 
101  S.  W.  926,  31  Ky.  L.  Rep.  96. 

$3,500,  permanent  injury  to  spine. 
Morris  v.  New  York,  O.  &  W.  Ry.,  73 
Hun,  560,  26  N.  Y.  Supp.  342. 

$3,500,  leg  lengthened,  permanent 
injury  to  nervous  system.  Willis  v. 
Second  Ave.  Traction  Co.,  189  Pa.  430, 
42  Atl.  1. 

$4,000,  permanent  injury  to  health. 
Indiana  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Ohue,  45  Ind.  App. 
632,  89  N.  E.  507. 

$4,000,  permanent  paralysis  of  shoul- 
der muscle  and  curvature  of  spine. 
Degnan  v.  Brooklyn  City  R.  R.,  14 
Misc.  388,  35  N.  Y.  Supp.  1047. 

$4,300,  internal  injuries,  nervousness, 
palpitation  of  heart.     Cunningham  V, 


§1364 


DOXJBT  AS   TO   PERMANENCE   OF   INJURY 


2735 


minds  of  the  judges  who  have  to  pass  on  the  question  of  ex- 
cessiveness.    If  the  verdict  is  moderate,  this  doubt  will  not 


Neal,  49  Tex.  Civ.  App.  613,  109  S.  W. 
455. 

$4,500,  chronic  invalid,  hernia. 
Chicago  V.  Saldman,  129  III.  App.  282, 
affirmed  225  111.  625,  80  N.  E.  349. 

$5,000,  deaf,  rupture,  prematurely 
old.  Chicago  Union  Tr.  Co.  v.  Lowen- 
rosen,  125  111.  App.  194,  affirmed  222 
111.  506,  78  N.  E.  813. 

$5,000,  tuberculous  foot,  lameness. 
Mattoon  City  Ry.  v.  Graham,  138  111. 
App.  70,  affirmed  Graham  v.  M.  City 
Ry.,  234  111.  483,  84  N.  E.  1070. 

$5,000,  hernia,  internal  injury. 
Louisville,  H.  &  St.  L.  Ry.  ;;.  Kessee, 
103  S.  W.  261,  31  Ky.  L.  Rep.  617. 

$5,000.  Southern  Ry.  v.  Brewer,  105 
S.  W.  160,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  43. 

$5,000,  internal  injuries,  health  per- 
manently impaired.  Louisville,  H.  & 
St.  L.  Ry.  V.  Armstrong  (Ky.),  125  S. 
W.  276. 

$5,000,  internal  injuries.  Price  v. 
Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  220  Mo.  435, 
119  S.  W.  932. 

$5,000,  stiff  neck,  constant  pain,  chin 
partially  paralyzed.  Commercial  Tel. 
Co.  V.  Davis,  43  Tex.  Civ.  App.  547,  96 
S.  W.  939. 

$5,000,  bruises,  failing  health,  pain, 
inability  to  work.  Texas  &  G.  Ry.  v. 
Hall  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  125  S.  W.  71. 

$5,000,  constant  suffering  and  inter- 
ference with  work.  Bitner  v.  Utah 
Cent.  Ry.,  4  Utah,  502,  11  Pac.  620. 

$5,000,  permanent  injm-y,  femoral 
hernia.  Hodd  v.  Tacoma,  45  Wash. 
436,  88  Pac.  842. 

$6,000,  permanent  invalid,  lame, 
nervous  disorders.  Westervelt  v.  St. 
Louis  Transit  Co.,  222  Mo.  325,  121 
S.  W.  114. 

$6,500,  inflammation  of  sciatic  nerve, 
atrophy  of  adjacent  parts,  never  well. 
Louisville  Ry.  v.  Owens,  97  S.  W.  356, 
29  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1294. 

$7,500,  partial  paralysis,  functional 


derangement,  helpless  condition,  in- 
creasing disability.  Cumberland  T.  & 
T.  Co.  V.  Overfield,  127  Ky.  548,  106 
S.  W.  245. 

$7,500,  skull  crushed,  mind  affected, 
pain,  continual  headache,  and  dis- 
ability. Beave  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co., 
212  Mo.  331,  111  S.  W.  52. 

$7,500,  dislocation  of  spine,  injury 
progressive.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Stone  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  125  S.  W.  587. 

$8,000,  partial  paralysis,  excruciating 
pain.  Stomne  v.  Hanford  Produce 
Co.,  108  la.  137,  78  N.  W.  848. 

$8,000,  face  crushed,  jaw  stiffened, 
imperfect  nutrition,  invalid  for  life. 
Oties  V.  Cowles  E.  S.  &  A.  Co.,  54  Hun, 
635,  7  N.  Y.  Supp.  251. 

$8,000,  physical  wreck,  partially 
paralyzed,  impaired  vision,  total  in- 
capacity. San  Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v. 
Long  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  28  S.  W.  214. 

$8,000,  spine  affected,  causing  stiff- 
ness, aggravating  prior  hernia.  Gal- 
veston, H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  V.  Coker  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  135  S.  W.  179. 

$8,500,  rupture,  bowel  trouble, 
ataxia,  hemianesthesia,  and  chronic 
peritonitis,  permanently  impaired 
health.  Klein  v.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F. 
Ry.,  10  Cal.  App.  19,  107  Pac.  147. 

$10,000,  miscarriage,  eyesight  and 
action  of  heart  impaired.  Howland  v. 
Oakland  C.  S.  Ry.,  110  Cal.  513,  42 
Pac.  983. 

$10,000,  permanent  internal  and 
spinal  troubles.  Barr  v.  City  of  Kan- 
sas, 121  Mo.  22,  25  S.  W.  562. 

$11,000,  serious  irreducible  rupture. 
Chicago  V.  GiUett,  91  111.  App.  287. 

$11,000,  permanent  invalid.  Chi- 
cago V.  Didier,  131  III.  App.  406,  af- 
firmed Chicago  V.  Ogden  Sheldon  & 
Co.,  227  111.  595,  81  N.  E.  698. 

$20,000,  arm  and  shoulder  injured, 
bones  of  head  and  shoulder  diseased, 
brain  weakened,  sight  and  hearing  im- 


2736 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1364 


cause  the  court  to  set  the  verdict  aside;  in  fact,  the  reasonable 
possibility  of  permanent  consequences  might  even  enhance  the 
amount  of  a  verdict.^"*  But  if  the  amount  of  the  verdict  is 
such  that  it  could  be  justified  only  if  the  injury  were  per- 
manent, and  serious  doubt  is  felt  as  to  the  fact  of  permanence, 
this  doubt  may  be  considered  in  passing  upon  the  excessive- 
ness  of  the  verdict.^"' 


paired,  jawbone  broken,  epilepsy  and 
death  likely  to  follow.  Sabine  &  E.  T. 
Ry.  V.  Ewing,  7  Tex.  Civ.  App.  8,  26 
S.  W.  638. 

$25,000,  man  of  thirty-nine,  inter- 
mittently suffers  from  pain  in  head, 
sleeps  poorly,  right  side  partially 
paralyzed,  his  voice  useless,  injuries 
probably  permanent  and  will  ultimately 
cause  death.  St.  John  v.  Northern  Pac. 
Ry.  (Mont.),  Ill  Pac.  632. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$30,000,  paralysis  of  lower  part  of 
body,  no  control  over  functions.  Mc- 
Kenzie  v.  North  Coast  Coll.  Co.,  55 
Wash.  495,  104  Pac.  801,  28  L.  R.  A. 
(N.  S.)  1244. 

$25,000;  reduced  to  $15,000.  De 
Wardener  v.  Metropolitail  St.  Ry.,  1 
App.  Div.  240,  37  N.  Y.  Supp.  133. 

$15,000,  permanent  injury  to  leg;  re- 
duced to  $8,000.  Chapman  v.  Atlantic 
Ave.  R.  R.,  14  Misc.  384,  35  N.  Y. 
Supp.  1045. 

$10,000,  deformity  of  foot  not  seri- 
ously interfering  with  use;  reduced  to 
$5,000.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  G.  Ry.  v. 
Swan  (Tex.  Qv.  App.),  130  S.  W. 
855. 

2IW  WTiiere  a  serious  injury  may  be 
permanent,  the  following  verdicts  have 
been  upheld: 

$400.  Weber  v.  Creston,  75  la.  16, 
39  N.  W.  126. 

$750.  Jackson  v.  St.  Paul  City  Ry., 
74  Minn.  48,  76  N.  W.  956. 

$1,350.  Young  v.  O'Brien,  36  Wash. 
570,  79  Pac.  211. 

$1,750.  Carlson  v.  Great  Northern 
Ry.,  106  Minn.  254,  118  N.  W.  832. 


$2,000.  Whitmg  v.  Eagan,  189  N. 
Y.  587,  83  N.  E.  1016. 

$2,500.  Calumet  E.  S.  Ry.  v.  Jen- 
nings, 83  111.  App.  616. 

$3,000.  Curtis  v.  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Co.,  44  Wash.  334,  87  Pac.  345. 

$3,000  (reduced  from  $4,000).  Gris- 
son  V.  Hofius,  39  Wash.  51,  80  Pac. 
1002. 

$4,000.  The  Little  Silver,  189  Fed. 
980. 

$4,000.  Bryant  v.  Omaha  &  C.  B. 
R.  &  B.  Co.,  98  la.  483,  67  N.  W.  392. 

$4,000.  Covington  v.  Diehl,  59  S. 
W.  492,  22  Ky.  L.  Rep.  955. 

$6,000.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.  v. 
Gresham  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  140  S.  W. 
483. 

$6,300.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  v. 
Richards,  23  Okla.  256,  102  Pac.  92, 
23  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  1032. 

$9,000,  tuberculosis  which  may  be 
cured.  Roenbeck  v.  Brooklyn  Heights 
R.  R.,  123  App.  Div.  606,  108  N.  Y. 
Supp.  80. 

$10,000.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
Cook;  12  Tex.  Civ.  App.  203,  33  S.  W. 
669. 

^  In  the  following  cases  the  verdict 
was  held  excessive  on  account  of  doubts 
as  to  the  permanence  of  the  injury: 

$15,000.  Stevens  v.  New  Jersey  & 
H.  R.  liy.,  74  N.  J.  L.  237,  65  Atl. 
874. 

$12,500;  reduced  to  $8,000.  Morri- 
son V.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  34  Wash.  70, 
74  Pac.  1064. 

$10,500.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v. 
Houchins,  89  S.  W.  530,  28  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
499,  1  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  375. 

$10,000.    Louisville  Southern  R.  R. 


§1365 


LOSS   OF   SERVICE 


2737 


§  1365.  Loss  of  service. 

The  estimation  of  the  value  of  services  lost  contains  many 
elements  of  uncertainty,  and  the  jury  has  therefore  great 
latitude  in  finding  a  pecuniary  equivalent.  This  is  especially 
true  in  the  case  of  loss  of  service  of  a  wife,  where  there  can  be 
no  possible  pecuniary  test  of  the  value  of  consortium  and 
affection.  Large  verdicts  have  therefore  been  allowed  to  stand 
in  such  cases.  ^"^  For  loss  of  service  of  a  minor  child  the  possi- 
ble range  of  compensation  is  not  so  great.  ^"^ 


V.  Minogue,  14  S.  W.  357,  12  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  378. 

$10,000.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Mattingly,  38  S.  W.  686,  18  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  823. 

$10,000.  Louis-idlle  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Reaume,  128  Ky.  90,  107  S.  W.  290. 

$9,000.  Covington  &  C.  B.  Co.  v. 
Goodnight,  60  S.  W.  415,  22  Ky.  L. 
Rep.  1242. 

$9,000.  Watson  v.  Brightwell,  82 
S.  W.  454,  28  Ky.  L.  Rep.  887. 

$8,750.  Cincinnati,  N.  O.  &  T.  P. 
Ry.  V.  Richardson  (Ky.),  140  S.  W. 
648. 

$8,000.  Southern  Ry.  v.  Goodard, 
97  S.  W.  392,  30  Ky.  L.  Rep.  126. 

$7,225.  H.  P.  Phillips  &  Co.  v. 
Pruitt,  82  S.  W.  628,  26  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
831. 

$7,000.  Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v. 
Bird  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  48  S.  W.  756. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $1,500.  Kansas  & 
T.  C.  Co.  V.  Reed,  1  Ind.  Terr.  245,  40 
S.  W.  898. 

$4,000.  Bucher  v.  Wisconsin  Cent. 
Ry.,  139  Wis.  597,  120  N.  W.  518. 

$3,500;  reduced  to  $1,000.  Keddenv. 
Public  Service  Ry.  (N.  J.  L.),  75  Atl. 
179. 

$3,100.  Kennedy  v.  St.  Paul  City 
Ry.,  59  Minn.  45,  60  N.  W.  810. 

$2,000.  Belvidere  City  Ry.  v.  Bute, 
128  111.  App.  620. 

208  por  loss  of  service  of  a  wife  the 
following  verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$25,  loss  of  society  of  wife,  who  lived 
only   a   few   hours   after   the   injury. 

172 


Chapman  v.  Pfarr,  145  la.  196,  132 
N.  W.  957. 

$500.    State  v.  Miller,  180  Fed.  796. 

$600.  El  Paso  El.  Ry.  v.  Sierra 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  109  S.  W.  986. 

$700.  The  Little  Silver,  189  Fed. 
980. 

$1,200.  Birmingham  R.  L.  &  P. 
Co.  V.  Lavender,  158  Ala.  434,  47  So. 
1026. 

$1,800.  Texas  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Scott 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  127  S.  W.  587. 

$2,500.  Citizens'  R.  &  L.  Co.  v. 
Johns,  52  Tex.  Civ.  App.  489,  116  S.  W. 
62. 

$3,000.  Allen  v.  Manhattan  Ry.,  17 
N.  Y.  Supp.  187,  60  N.  Y.  Super.  Ct. 
230. 

$3,500.  Sherman  S.  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Eaves,  25  Tex.  Civ.  App.  409,  61  S.  W. 
550. 

$4,571.75.  Southern  Pac.  Co.  v. 
Blake  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  128  S.  W.  668. 

$10,000.  Cannon  v.  Brooklyn  City 
R.  R.,  14  Misc.  400,  35  N.  Y.  Supp. 
1039. 

$16,000.  International  &  G.  N. 
R.  R.  V.  SandliQ  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  122 
S.  W.  60. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$10,000.  Indianapolis  T.  &  T.  Co.  v. 
Menze,  173  Ind.  31,  88  N.  E.  929. 

$150.  Pratt  V.  Greenwich  &  J.  Ry., 
57  App.  Div.  628,  68  N.  Y.  Supp.  117. 

™  For  the  loss  of  service  of  a  child 
the  following  verdicts  have  been  up- 
held: 


2738  EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES       §§  1366,  1367 

§  1366.  CivU  Damage  Act. 

In  some  cases  the  damages  awarded  under  the  Civil  Damage 
Act  have  been  held  excessive,  as  in  Franklin  v.  Schermerhorn.^" 
In  this  case  the  plaintiff's  husband  was  a  cripple,  and  could 
earn  but  little.  He  had  a  pension  of  |54  a  quarter,  became 
intoxicated  and  lost  $50,  and  the  jury  gave  the  plaintiff  $75. 
It  was  held  to  have  been  too  large,  and  that  the  verdict  should 
have  been  for  $50.  But  in  Roth  v.  Eppy,"^  where  the  plain- 
tiff brought  an  action  against  defendant  for  sale  and  gift  of 
liquors  to  her  husband,  whereby  he  became  habitually  in- 
toxicated and  then  insane,  it  was  held  that  $1,200  damages 
were  not  excessive  for  the  injury  to  her  means  of  support;  and 
other  large  verdicts  have  been  upheld.^^^ 

§  1367.  Damages  for  death. 

Two  elements  enter  into  the  assessment  of  damages  for 
death,  even  when  there  is  no  statutory  limit  and  such  dam- 
ages are  based  on  general  principles  of  compensation.  In  the 
first  place,  the  actual  or  potential  value  of  the  life  in  itself  is 
to  be  considered:  the  age,  trade  or  profession,  earning  capac- 
ity, etc.,  of  the  deceased.  In  the  second  place,  there  is  also  to 
be  taken  into  account  the  value  of  the  life  of  the  particular 
person;  the  relationship,  the  age,  poverty,  and  dependence  of 

$300.    Bredcson  r.  C.  A.  Smith  Lum-  $5,000  (reduced  from  $7,000).    Ala- 

ber  Co.,  91  Minn.  317,  97  N.  W.  977.  bama  G.  S.  R.  R.  v.  Burgess,  119  Ala. 

$640.    Chicago  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Brody,  555,  25  So.  251. 

123  111.  App.  331.  $4,860;  reduced  to  $3,000.    McHugh 

$825.     Cincinnati  N.  &  C.  Ry.  v.  v.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  29  R.  I.  206,  69 

Cooke  (Ky.),  121  S.  W.  956.  Atl.  853. 

$1,000.    Johnson  v.  St.  Paul  &  W.  C.  $4,500.    Hurt  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S. 

Co.,  131  Wis.  627,  HI  N.  W.  722.  Ry.,  94  Mo.  265,  7  S.  W.  1,  4  Am.  St. 

$1,800.    Pittsburg,  C,  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry.  Rep.  374. 

V.  Blum  (Ky.),  125  S.  W.  300.  "« 8  Hun,  112. 

$1,900.    Texas  &  N.  O.  Ry.  v.  Wood  ="  80  III.  283. 

(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  24  S.  W.  569.  "=  $1,000.    Bennett  v.  Levi,  19  N.  Y. 

$2,000.     Akersloot  v.  Second  Ave.  Supp.  226,  46  N.  Y.  St.  754. 

Ry.,  56  Hun,  640,  8  N.  Y.  Supp.  926.  $4,500.     Pilkins   v.    Hans,  87  Neb. 

$3,000.    Texas  &  N.  O.  R.  R.  v.  Mc-  7,  126  N.  W.  864. 

Leod  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  131  S.  W.  311.  On  the  other  hand,  in  Lahey  v.  Crist, 

$3,250.    Birmingham  R.  L.  &  P.  Co.  130  111.  App.  152,  a  verdict  of  $3,000 

V.  Chastain,  158  Ala.  421,  48  So.  85.  was  held  excessive,   and  reduced  to 

The  following  verdicts  have  been  $2,000. 
held  excessive; 


§1367 


DAMAGES   FOR   DEATH 


2739 


the  beneficiary,  the  disposition  of  the  deceased  to  use  his  earn- 
ings for  the  latter's  benefit,  etc.  The  existence  of  these  two 
diverse  elements  leads  to  unusual  uncertainty  in  the  amount  of 
recovery.    Thus  in  actions  for  the  death  of  a  man  ^^^  of  adult 


2"  For  the  death  of  a  man  the  fol- 
lowing verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$500,  man  of  seventy,  able  to  do 
light  work.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.  v. 
Dupee,  67  S.  W.  15,  23  Ky.  L.  Rep. 
2349. 

$600,  man  of  seventy-one,  able  to  earn 
more  than  hving.  Moore  v.  Keokuk  & 
W.  R.  R.,  89  la.  223,  56  N.  W. 
431. 

$1,000,  man  of  twenty-seven,  not  of 
good  habits,  earning  money.  Johnson 
V.  Rochester  Ry.,  61  App.  Div.  12,  70 
N.  Y.  Supp.  113. 

$1,100,  unmarried  man  of  thirty-five, 
salary  of  $1,800,  assisted  mother  and 
sister.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.  v. 
Young,  67  Neb.  568,  93  N.  W.  922. 

$1,324,  son  of  twenty-one,  only  sup- 
port of  mother.  De  Puy  v.  Cook,  90 
Hun,  43,  35  N.  Y.  Supp.  632. 

$1,500,  man  of  fifty,  wife  and  four 
children,  received  fifty  cents  an  hour. 
Boden  v.  Demwolf,  56  Fed.  846. 

$1,500,  man  of  forty-three,  earning 
$150  a  month.  El  Paso  &  S.  W.  R.  R. 
V.  Murtle,  108  S.  W.  998,  49  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  273. 

$1,600,  fireman,  paid  mother  $25  a 
month.  Chicago  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  Stephen- 
son, 33  Ind.  App.  95,  69  N.  E.  270. 

$2,000,  unmarried  man  of  thirty-two, 
contributed  to  support  of  parents. 
Grace  &  Hyde  Co.  v.  Strong,  127  111. 
App.  336. 

$2,000,  vigorous  man  of  thirty-five, 
earning  $10  to  $15  a  week.  Sipple  v. 
Laclede  Gaslight  Co.,  125  Mo.  App.  81, 
102  S.  W.  608. 

$2,000,  unmarried  man  of  twenty-one, 
earning  $10  a  week.  Predmore  v. 
Consumers'  L.  &  P.  Co.,  99  App.  Div. 
651,  91  N.  Y.  Supp.  118. 

$2,000,  farmer  of  fiftv-six,  supporting 


wife  and  daughters.  Choctaw  O.  &  G. 
R.  R.  V.  Baskins  (Okla.),  93  Pac.  757. 

$2,000,  son  with  expectancy  of  thirty- 
six  years,  contributing  $20  a  month  to 
support  of  mother.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F. 
Ry.  V.  Royall,  18  Tex.  Civ.  App.  86,  43 
S.  W.  815. 

$2,150,  laborer.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q. 
R.  R.  V.  Blank,  24  111.  App.  438. 

$2,391.50,  man  earning  $35  a  month 
and  board,  sent  earnings  to  parents. 
Fordyce  v.  McCants,  55  Ark.  384,  18 
S.  W.  371. 

$2,400,  industrious  man  of  twenty- 
one.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.  v.  Adler,  28 
111.  App.  102. 

$2,500,  deck  hand  of  thirty-eight, 
devoting  wages  to  three  young  children. 
Cheatham  v.  Red  River  Line,  56  Fed. 
248. 

$2,500.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R. 
V.  McCain,  67  Ark.  377,  55  S.  W.  165. 

$2,500,  watchman.  Savannah,  etc., 
R.  R.  V.  Flannagan,  82  Ga.  679,  9 
S.  E.  471,  14  Am.  St.  Rep.  183. 

$2,600,  laborer  in  brewery.  Consoli- 
dated Ice  Machine  Co.  v.  Kiefer,  26  III. 
App.  466. 

$2,600,  farmer  of  thirty-three. 
Thornton  v.  Maine  S.  A.  Soc,  97  Me. 
108,  63  Atl.  979. 

$2,600,  unmarried  man  of  twenty- 
eight,  no  evidence  ever  helped  father. 
Sieber  v.  Great  Northern  R.  R.,  76 
Minn.  269,  79  N.  W.  96. 

$2,500,  man  of  thirty-eight,  comfort- 
ably provide^  for  wife.  Woxland  v. 
Northwestern  C.  M.  Co.,  113  Minn. 
440,  129  N.  W.  856. 

$2,500,  unmarried  man  of  twenty-one 
intended  to  take  care  of  parents. 
Leque  v.  Madison  G.  &  E.  Co.,  133 
Wis.  647,  113  N.  W.  946. 

12,700,  laborer  of  twenty-six,  sending 


2740 


EXCESSIVE   OR   INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


§1367 


age  the  amount  of  verdicts  upheld  ranges  from  small  to  very 

tence  for  misdemeanor.    Tillar  v.  Rey- 


eamings  to  mother  in  Sweden.  Swan- 
son  V.  Oakes,  93  Minn.  404,  101  N.  W. 
949. 

$3,000,  single  young  man,  sole  sup- 
port of  mother  and  younger  brothers, 
earning  $40  to  $50  a  month.  O'Cal- 
laghan  v.  Bode,  84  Cal.  489,  24  Pac. 
269. 

$3,000,  man  left  widow  and  young 
child.  Falender  v.  Blackwell,  39  Ind. 
App.  121,  79  N.  E.  393. 

$3,000,  laborer,  sole  support  of  wife 
and  three  children.  Potter  v.  St.  Louis 
&  S.  F.  R.  R.,  136  Mo.  App.  125,  117 
S.  W.  593. 

$3,000,  unmarried  man  of  twenty-six, 
earning  $400  a  year,  never  contributed 
to  support  of  his  relatives.  Kane  v. 
Mitchell  Transportation  Co.,  90  Hun, 
65,  35  N.  Y.  Supp.  581. 

$3,000,  laborer,  earning  $1.10  per 
day,  parents  dependent  on  him.  Gal- 
veston H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  V.  Arispe,  5  Tex. 
Civ.  App.  611,  23  S.  W.  928,  24  S.  W. 
33. 

$3,250,  coal  miner  leaving  widow. 
Northern  C.  &  C.  Co.  v.  AUera,  46 
Colo.  224,  104  Pac.  197. 

$3,500,  longshoreman  of  thirty-five, 
earning  $60  a  month.  The  Aurora,  178 
Fed.  587. 

$3,500  (reduced  from  $5,000),  man  of 
sixty-five,  earning  $3.50  to  $4.00  a  day, 
left  a  widow.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  v. 
Sample,  138  111.  App.  95,  affirmed. 
Sample  v.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  233 
111.  564,  84  N.  E.  643. 

$3,500,  by  widow.  Voelker  v.  Hill- 
O'Meara  Construction  Co.,  153  Mo. 
App.  1,  131  S.  W.  907. 

$3,500,  man  of  forty,  hard  worker. 
ConkUn  v.  Tice,  48  Hun,  618,  1  N.  Y. 
Supp.  803. 

$3,500,  man  of  22Ji,  action  by 
mother.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.  v.  Henry, 
75  Tex.  220,  12  S.  W.  828. 

$3,700,  man  of  thirty-one,  earning 
$50  to  $60  a  month,  most  contributed 
to  plaintiff's  support,  serving  short  sen- 


nolds,  96  Ark.  358,  131  S.  W.  959,  30 
L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  1043. 

$3,750,  son  of  twenty-two,  contrib- 
uted $250  to  $350  a.  year  to  mother's 
support,  earning  $1,000.  McVeigh  v. 
Minn.  &  R.  R.  Ry.,  110  Minn.  184, 129 
N.  W.  852. 

$3,800,  section  hand  of  thirty-three, 
making  living  for  himself  and  family. 
Gulf,  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry.  v.  Duvall,  12  Tex. 
Civ.  App.  348,  35  S.  W.  699. 

$4,000,  seaman  of  twenty-six,  con- 
tributing $300  a  year  to  wife  and  chil- 
dren. Nickerson  v.  Bigelow,  62  Fed. 
900. 

$4,000,  healthy  young  man  of 
twenty-four.  Gould  Const.  Co.  v. 
Childers,  129  Ky.  536,  112  S.  W.  622. 

$4,000,  unmarried  son,  intended  to 
support  parents.  Bright  v.  Barnett  & 
Record  Co.,  88  Wis.  299,  60  N.  W. 
418. 

$4,200,  man  of  twenty-six,  supported 
widowed  mother.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.  v. 
Lester,  75  Tex.  56,  12  S.  W.  955. 

$4,334.50,  father  of  plaintiff,  seven- 
teen years  old,  who  was  being  educated. 
Healy  v.  Hoy,  112  Minn.  138, 132  N.  W. 
208. 

$4,500,  brakeman  of  thirty-four, 
earning  $60  to  $75  a  month,  lived  with 
mother  and  supported  her.  St.  Louis 
&  S.  F.  Ry.  V.  French,  56  Kan.  584,  44 
Pac.  12. 

$4,500,  strong  man  of  thirty-eight, 
provided  comfortably  for  himself  and 
wife.  Woxland  v.  Northwestern  C.  M. 
Co.,  113  Minn.  440,  129  N.  W.  856. 

$4,995,  strong  man  of  twenty-eight, 
earning  $1.75  a  day.  Webb  v.  Denver 
&  R.  G.  Ry.,  7  Utah,  17,  26  Pac.  981. 

$5,000,  ship's  cook  of  thirty-nine, 
earning  $50  a  month.  In  re  Humboldt 
L.  M.  Assoc,  60  Fed.  428. 

$5,'000,  man  of  fifty-two.  Hall  v. 
North  Pass.  C.  R.  R.,  134  Fed.  309. 

$5,000,  industrious  man  of  twenty- 
seven,  earning  $100  a  month.    South- 


§1367 


DAMAGES  FOE  DEATH 


2741 


large;  while  on  the  other  hand  in  a  number  of  cases  small 


em  Pac.  Co.  v.  Wilson,  10  Ari.  162,  85 
Pac.  401. 

$5,000,  man  of  forty-six,  widow  and 
six  children,  to  whom  contributed  $700 
to  $900  a  year.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S. 
Ry.  V.  Raines  (Ark.),  119  S.  W.  665. 

$5,000,  laboring  man  earning  $1.50  a 
day,  leaving  widow  and  two  children. 
Wightman  v.  Waade,  54  111.  App.  215, 
226. 

$5,000,  industrious  young  man  of 
twenty-two,  attending  college  and  earn- 
ing $2  a  day  in  vacations.  Geo.  B. 
Swift  Co.  V.  Gaylord,  126  111.  App.  281. 

$5,000,  industrious  and  healthy  la- 
borer, supporting  wife  and  several 
children.  Turck  v.  Chicago,  146  111. 
App.  472. 

$5,000,  postal  clerk  of  fifty,  earning 
$1,150  a  year,  leaving  widow  and  two 
dependent  sons.  Malott  v.  Shimer,  153 
Ind.  35,  54  N.  E.  101,  74  Am.  St.  Rep. 
278. 

$5,000,  industrious  man  of  fifty- 
eight,  earning  $10.50  a  week.  Indian- 
apolis T.  &  T.  Co.  V.  Romans,  40  Ind. 
App.  184,  79  N.  E.  1068. 

$5,000,  locomotive  engineer  of  forty- 
one,  earning  $1,600  a  year,  leaving 
widow  and  dependent  children.  Pitts- 
burg, C,  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry.  V.  Sudhoff,  173 
Ind.  314,  90  N.  E.  467. 

$5,000,  brakeman  of  twenty-five, 
earning  $55  a  month.  Lowe  v.  Chicago, 
S.  P.,  M.  &  O.  Ry.,  89  la.  420,  56 
N.  W.  519. 

$5,000,  man  of  forty-nine,  earning  $8 
a  week.  Louisville  Water  Co.  v.  Phil- 
lips, 28  Ky.  L.  Rep.  557,  89  S.  W.  700. 

$5,000,  man  of  middle  life,  earning 
good  wages,  left  wife  and  family. 
BoUnger  v.  St.  Paul  &  D.  R.  R.,  36 
Minn.  418,  31  N.  W.  856,  1  Am.  St. 
Rep.  680. 

$5,000,  industrious  man  earning 
$2.25  a  day,  left  wife  and  several  chil- 
dren. Peteraon  v.  Merchants'  Elevator 
Co.,  Ill  Minn.  105,  126  N.  W.  534,  27 
L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  816. 


$5,000,  steamboat  engineer,  plaintiff, 
his  mother,  dependent  upon  him,  third 
trial.  Erwin  v.  Neversink  S.  B.  Co., 
23  Hun,  573. 

$5,000,  healthy  man  of  thirty-seven. 
Johnson  v.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  80  Hun, 
306,  30  N.  Y.  Supp.  318. 

$5,000,  man  of  eighty-five.  Under- 
wood V.  Old  Colony  St.  Ry.,  31  R.  I. 
253,  80  Atl.  390. 

$5,000,  healthy  young  man  who  had 
been  supporting  family,  out  of  employ- 
ment at  time  of  death.  San  Antonio 
St.  Ry.  V.  Renken,  15  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
229,  38  S.  W.  829. 

$5,000,  farmer  of  thirty-two,  deaf- 
mute,  supported  family  and  helped 
aged  mother.  International  &  G.  N. 
R.  R.  V.  Munn,  46  Tex.  Civ.  App.  276, 
102  S.  W.  442. 

$5,500,  locomotive  engineer  of  fifty- 
five,  earning  $1,200  a  year.  Western, 
&  A.  R.  R.  V.  Hyer,  lis  Ga.  776,  39 
S.  E.  447. 

$5,500,  man  of  thirty-three,  earning 
$75  to  $100  a  month.  Lake  Shore  &  M . 
S.  Ry.  V.  Hottman,  25  Oh.  Cir.  Ct.  140. 

$6,000,  man  of  twenty-four  contrib- 
uted to  support  of  parents.  111.  Steel 
Co.  V.  Paige,  136  111.  App.  410,  aflSrmed, 
Paige  V.  111.  Steel  Co.,  233  HI.  313,  84 
N.  E.  239. 

$6,000,  industrious  young  man,  prin- 
cipal support  of  mother  and  younger 
brothers.  Casey  v.  Kelly-Atkinson 
Const.  Co.,,  146  111.  App.  551,  affirmed, 
240  111.  416,  88  N.  E.  982. 

$6,000,  man  of  twenty-one,  running 
milk  wagon,  supporting  wife  and  child. 
Racine  v.  Erie  R.  R.,  69  App.  Div.  437, 
74  N.  Y.  Supp.  977. 

$6,000,  man  of  twenty-five,  earning 
$12  a  week.  Sembler  v.  Cowperthwait, 
53  Misc.  28,  103  N.  Y.  Supp.  979. 

$6,000,  man  of  thirty-two,  supporting 
wife  and  four  children.  Texas  &  P. 
Ry.  V.  Hudman,  8  Tex.  Civ.  App.  309, 
28  S.  W.  388. 

$6,000,  man  of  twenty-five,  earning 


2742 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


1367 


verdicts  have  been  set  aside 

$18  to  $25  a  week.  Missouri,  K.  &  T. 
Ry.  V.  WaU  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  110  S.  W. 
453. 

$6,250,  man  of  fifty-five,  earning  $500 
to  $1,200  a  year.  Pasohall  v.  Owen,  77 
Tex.  583,  14  S.  W.  203. 

$5,500,  young  man  contributing  $30 
to  $50  a  month  to  mother  and  invalid 
sister.  Little  Rook  &  F.  S.  Ry.  v.  Voss 
(Ark.),  18  S.  W.  172. 

$6,908.98,  industrious  man  earning 
$630  a  year.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Graham,  98  Ky.  688,  34  S.  W.  229,  17 
Ky.  L.  Rep.  1229, 

$7,000,  shipmaster  of  thirty-five, 
earning  $100  a  month.  In  re  Humboldt 
L.  M.  Assoc,  60  Fed.  428. 

$7,000,  industrious  man  of  forty-six, 
saving  money.  Ryan  v.  Oshkosh  G.  L. 
Co.,  138  Wis.  466,  120  N.  W.  264. 

$7,500,  railroad  engineer  of  twenty- 
five,  earning  $100  to  $130  a  month,  and 
giving  most  of  it  to  his  mother.  Baker 
V.  Philadelphia  &  R.  Ry.,  149  Fed.  882. 

$7,500,  industrious  man  of  fifty-two, 
drawing  pension  of  $72  a  month.  St. 
Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Maddry,  57 
Ark.  306,  21  S.  W.  472. 

$7,500,  section  foreman  of  twenty- 
eight,  leaving  widow  and  four  children. 
Mobile,  J.  &  K.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Hicks 
(Miss.),  46  So.  360. 

$7,830,  miner  of  forty  earning  $42  a 
month.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F,  R.  R.  v. 
Hughes,  55  Kan.  491,  40  Pac.  919. 

$8,000,  young  man  earning  $2.20  a 
day.  Hass  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry., 
90  la.  259,  57  N.  W.  894. 

$8,000,  brakeman  of  twenty-three. 
Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Mulfinger,  80 
S.  W.  499,  26  Ky.  L.  Rep.  3. 

$8,000,  mail  carrier  of  thirty-five, 
earning  $50  a  month.  Louisville  &  N. 
R.  R.  V.  Lucas,  98  S.  W.  308,  99  S.  W. 
959,  30  Ky.  L.  Rep.  539. 

$9,000,  sober  and  industrious  man  of 
twenty-nine.  Voelker  v.  Chicago,  M. 
&  S.  P.  Ry.,  116  Fed.  867. 

$0,000,  station  master  of  thirty-two. 


as  excessive,  though  in  most 

of  good  habits  and  business  ability, 
Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Scott,  108  Ky. 
S92,  56  S.  W.  674, 22  Ky.  L.  Rep.  30, 50 
L.  R.  A.  381. 

$9,400,  industrious  young  farmer,  ex- 
pectancy of  life  of  thirty-eight  years, 
earning  $50  a  month,  left  wife  and  in- 
fant child.  Pittsburg,  C,  C.  &  S.  L. 
Ry.  V.  Burton,  139  Ind.  357,  37  N.  E. 
150,  38  N.  E.  594. 

$9,500,  man  of  thirty-two,  in  mail 
service,  under  civil  service  rules,  earn- 
ing $1,000  a  year.  Malott  v.  Central 
Trust  Co.,  168  Ind,  428,  79  N.  E. 
369. 

$10,000,  man  of  thirty-two,  earning 
$1,500  a  year.  The  Oceanic,  61  Fed. 
338. 

$10,000,  healthy  man  with  life  ex- 
pectancy of  twenty-five  years,  contrib- 
uting $800  a  year  to  family,  St.  Louis, 
I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  V.  Sweet,  60  Ark.  550,  31 
S.  W.  571. 

$10,000  ($8,000  for  widow  and  $2,000 
for  estate),  brakeman  of  thirty-three, 
earning  $60  a  month.  Warren  &  O. 
V.  R.  R.  V.  Waldrop  (Ark.),  123  S.  W. 
792. 

$10,000,,  strong  man  of  twenty-two 
earning  $90  a  month.  Pulaski  G.  L. 
Co.  V.  McCUntock,  97  Ark.  318,  134 
S.  W.  1189,  32  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  825. 

$10,000,  man  of  thirty-eight,  earning 
$125  a  month.  Smith  v.  Chicago,  P.  & 
S.  L.  Ry.,  143  111.  App.  128,  affirmed, 
236  111.  369,  86  N.  E.  150. 

$10,000  for  death  of  brakeman. 
Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Brooks,  83  Ky. 
129,  4  Am.  St.  Rep.  135. 

$10,000,  telegraph  operator  of  sixty- 
one,  earning  $1,000  a  year.  Beecher  v. 
Long  Island  R.  R.,  53  App.  Div.  324, 
65  N.  Y.  Supp.  642. 

$10,000,  brakeman  of  twenty-six, 
earning  $650  a  year,  prospects  of  pro- 
motion. Douglass  V.  Northern  Cent. 
Ry.,  59  App.  Div.  470,  69  N.  Y.  Supp. 
370. 

$10,000,  man  of  thirty-five  earning 


§1367 


DAMAGES  FOR  DEATH 


2743 


of  the  decided  cases  a  verdict  for  damages  for  death  has 


$1.25  a  day.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.  v. 
Lehmberg,  75  Tex.  61,  12  S.  W.  104, 
838. 

$10,000  ($5,000  for  widow,  $5,000  for 
infant  daughter),  locomotive  engineer 
earning  $125  a  month.  St.  Louis,  A.  & 
T.  Ry.  V.  Johnston,  78  Tex.  536,  15 
S.  W.  104. 

$10,000,  engineer  of  twenty-five, 
earning  $125  a  month.  Texas  &  P.  Ry. 
V.  Geiger,  79  Tex.  13,  15  S.  W.  214. 

$10,000,  brakeman  of  forty,  earning 
$75  a  month,  but  qualified  for  higher 
position  in  railroad  service.  Texas  & 
P.  Ry.  V.  Robertson,  82  Tex.  657,  17 
S.  W.  1041,  27  Am.  St.  Rep.  929. 

$10,000  ($5,000  for  widow,  $5,000  for 
minor  son).  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  P.  Ry.  v.  De- 
laney,  22  Tex.  Civ.  App.  427,  55  S.  W. 
538. 

$10,000  ($5,500  for  widow,  $1,500 
each  for  three  minor  children),  man  of 
thirty-seven,  earning  $50  a  month. 
Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Rutland,  45 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  621,  101  S.  W.  529. 

$10,000,  fireman  of  twenty-nine, 
earning  $50  to  $75  a  month.  St.  Louis 
S.  W.  Ry.  V.  Holt  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
121  S.  W.  581. 

$11,000  ($5,000  to  wife,  $3,000  to 
each  of  two  children),  hostler  of  forty- 
seven,  earning  $60  a  month.  Tyler  S. 
E.  Ry.  V.  McMahon  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
34  S.  W.  796. 

$11,490,  man  of  sixty-three,  manag- 
ing valuable  estate.  Chicago,  R.  I.  & 
G.  Ry.  V.  Trippett  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
Ill  S.  W.  761. 

$11,750,  healthy  industrious  man  of 
twenty-seven,  earning  $75  to  $100  a 
month.  Ft.  Worth  &  R,  G.  Ry.  v. 
Wilkinson,  50  Tex.  Civ.  App.  279,  110 
S.  W.  470. 

$12,000,  engineer  of  thirty-one,  earn- 
ing $1,300  to  $1,500  a  year.  The 
Volund,  181  Fed.  643,  104  C.  C.  A. 
373. 

$12,000,  manager  of  insurance  com- 
pany   of    thirty-four,    salary    $2,000. 


Stockton  V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  182 
Fed.  282. 

$12,000,  railroad  engineer,  $125  to 
$175  a  month,  Vreeland  v.  Michigan 
Cent.  R.  R.,  189  Fed.  495. 

$12,000,  man  of  twenty-six  employed 
in  hardware  store  at  $75  a  month. 
Hale  V.  San  Bernardino  V.  T.  Co.,  156 
Cal.  713,  106  Pac.  83. 

$12,000,  structural  iron  worker  of 
twenty-nine,  earning  S4  a  day.  Con- 
rad V.  New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
137  App.  Div.  760,  121  N.  Y.  Supp. 
774. 

$12,958,  man  of  thirty-five  conduct- 
ing profitable  business.  McCormick  v. 
Rochester  Ry.,  133  App.  Div.  760,  117 
N.  Y.  Supp.  1110. 

$13,500,  conductor.  Chesapeake  & 
O.  R.  R.  V.  Judd,  106  Ky.  364,  50  S.  W. 
539,  20  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1978. 

$14,000,  man  of  thirty,  earning  $80 
a  month.  Tyler  S.  E.  Ry.  v.  Rasberry, 
13  Tex.  Civ.  App.  185,  34  S.  E.  794. 

$14,000,  man  of  thirty-one,  earning 
$80  a  month.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.  v.  John- 
son, 48  Tex.  Civ.  App.  135,  106  S.  W. 
773. 

$14,000,  man  in  good  health,  earning 
$1,000  to  $1,200  a  year.  Temple  E.  L. 
Co.  V.  Halliburton  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
136  S.  W.  584. 

$14,500,  railroad  brakeman  of  thirty, 
earning  $40  a  month.  Louisville  &  A. 
R.  R.  V.  Cox  (Ky.),  125  S.  W.  1056. 

$14,500,  head  brakeman  of  thirty- 
six,  earning  $65  a  month,  wife  and  child 
dependent  on  him.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F. 
Ry.  V.  Johnson,  10  Tex.  Civ.  App.  254, 
31  S.  W.  255. 

$15,000,  healthy  young  locomotive 
engineer  earning  $125  a  month;  third 
verdict.  Southern  Ry.  v.  Scanlon,  105 
S.  W.  152,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  38. 

$15,000,  physician  of  fifty,  income  of 
$2,000  a  year.  Ericius  v.  Brooklyn 
Heights  R.  R.,  63  App.  Div.  353,  71 
N.  Y.  Supp.  596. 

$15,000,  stone-cutter  of  twenty-nine. 


2744 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1367 


not  been  set  aside  as  excessive  unless  it  was  a  remarkably 


East  Line  &  R.  R.  Ry.  v.  Smith,  65 
Tex.  167. 

$15,000,  head  brakeman  of  thirty, 
earning  $75  a  month,  supporting  wife 
and  yomig  child.  Ft.  Worth  &  R.  G. 
Ry.  V.  Kime,  21  Tex.  Civ.  App.  271,  51 
S.  W.558. 

$15,000  ($7,000  for  wife,  $4,000  each 
for  two  children),  section  foreman  of 
fifty-four,  earning  .SlOO  a  month.  Gal- 
veston, H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  V.  Perry,  38  Tex. 
Civ.  App.  81,  85  S.  W.  62. 

$15,000,  bright  industrious  man  of 
forty-one,  earning  $115  a  month.  Har- 
ris V.  Puget  Sound  El.  Ry.,  52  Wash. 
289,  100  Pac.  838. 

$15,190,  man  of  twenty-nine,  earning 
$2,000  a  year,  leaving  wife  and  infant 
child.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Cleere,  76  Ark.  377,  88  S.  W.  995. 

$16,000,  engineer.  San  Antonio  &  A. 
P.  Ry.  V.  Harding,  11  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
497,  33  S.  W.  373. 

$16,000,  industrious  man  of  thirty- 
two,  earning  $70  to  $110  a  month,  in 
line  of  promotion.  Missouri,  K.  &  T. 
Ry.  V.  McDuffey,  50  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
202,  109  S.  W.  1104. 

$16,500,  railroad  employee  of  forty- 
three,  earning  $100  a  month.  Houston, 
E.  &  W.  T.  Ry.  V.  McHale,  47  Tex.  Civ. 
App.  360,  105  S.  W.  1149. 

$17,000  ($7,000  for  widow,  $2,500 
each  for  four  children).  Galveston,  H. 
&  S.  A.  Ry.  V.  Davis,  27  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
279,  65  S.  W.  217. 

$17,500,  railway  engineer  of  forty- 
five,  earning  $150  to  $200  a  month. 
Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  0.  Boyce,  39  Tex. 
Civ.  App.  195,  87  S.  W.  395. 

$20,000.  Texas  Loan  Agency  v. 
Fleming,  18  Tex.  Civ.  App.  668,  46 
S.  W.  63. 

$20,000,  section  foreman  earning  $50 
a  month.  International  &  G.  N.  R.  R. 
I'.  McVey  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  81  S.  W. 
991. 

$20,000,  healthy  man  of  thirty-three, 
earning  $90  a  month  (formerly  $140  a 


month),  two  young  children.  Texas 
&  N.  O.  R.  R.  V.  Walker  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  125  S.  W.  99. 

$20,000,  engineer  of  fire  department. 
Houston  B.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  O'Leary  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  136  S.  W.  601. 

$21,000,  man  of  twenty-nine,  earning 
$150  a  month,  leaving  widow  and  minor 
children.  Neary  v.  Northern  Pac.  Ry. 
(Mont.),  110  Pac.  226. 

$22,000  ($10,000  for  widow,  $6,000 
to  each  of  two  daughters),  railroad  line- 
man of  fifty-three,  earning  $75  a 
month.  Freeman  v.  McElroy  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  126  S.  W.  657. 

$25,000,  successful  business  man  of 
sixty-two,  earning  $5,000  a  year.  Stern- 
fels  i).  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  73  App. 
Div.  494,  77  N.  Y.  Supp.  309. 

$25,000,  man  of  thirty-eight,  holding 
life  position,  salary  $3,300,  supporting 
wife  and  two  children.  Lane  v.  Brook- 
lyn Heights  R.  R.,  85  App.  Div.  85,  82 
N.  Y.  Supp.  1057. 

$25,000  ($10,000  for  widow,  $7,500 
for  each  of  two  young  children),  loco- 
motive fireman  of  thirty-six,  earning 
$80  to  $100  a  month,  in  line  of  promo- 
tion. Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v.  Mit- 
chell, 48  Tex.  Civ.  App.  381,  107  S.  W. 
374. 

$25,000,  locomotive  engineer  of 
thirty-one,  earning  $165  to  $175  a 
month.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Wil- 
liams (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  117  S.  W.  1043. 

$25,000  ($7,000  for  wife,  $2,000  for 
mother,  $8,000  for  each  of  two  chil- 
dren). International  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v. 
White  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  120  S.  W.  958. 

$27,000,  promoter  of  sixty-one,  earn- 
ing over  $5,000  a  year.  Boyce  v.  New 
York  C.  Ry.,  126  App.  Div.  248,  110 
N.  Y.  Supp.  393. 

$30,000,  musician  of  forty-six,  earning 
$75  to  $100  a  month.  Jucher  v.  Whit- 
ridge  (App.  Div.),  128  N.  Y.  Supp.  233. 

$32,000,  locomotive  engineer  of 
thirty-five,  earning  $150  to  $225  a 
month,  leaving  wife  and  three  minor 


§1367 


DAMAGES   FOR   DEATH 


2745 


large  one."^    There  is  less  variation  between  verdicts  for  other 

$17,000.  Scofield  v.  Pennsylvania 
Co.,  149  Fed.  601. 

816,000.  Cooper  v.  New  York  O.  & 
W.  Ry.,  25  App.  Div.  383,  49  N.  Y. 
Supp.  481. 

$13,500;  reduced  to  $8,000.  Creamer 
I).  Moran  Bros.  Co.,  41  Wash.  636,  84 
Pac.  592. 

$12,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Leliman 
V.  Louisiana  R.  W.  Co.,  37  La.  Ann. 
705. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $6,000.  Felt  v. 
Puget  Sound  El.  Ry.,  175  Fed.  477. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $4,826.  Latch- 
timacker  v.  Jacksonville  T.  &  W.  Co., 
181  Fed.  276. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $8,000.  St. 
Louis  &  N.  A.  Co.  V.  Mathis,  76  Ark. 
185,  91  S.  W.  763,  113  Am.  St.  Rep.  85. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Rose  v. 
Des  Moines  V.  R.  R.,  39  la.  246. 

$10,000  sufficient.  Stevens  v.  Union 
Ry.,  176  N.  Y.  607,  68  N.  E.  1125, 
affirming  75  App.  Div.  602,  78  N.  Y. 
Supp.  624. 

810,000;  reduced  to  $6,586.73.  Stil- 
lings  V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  84  App. 
Div.  201,  82  N.  Y.  Supp.  726. 

$10,000  sufficient.  Gorman  v.  Hand 
Brewing  Co.,  28  R.  I.  180,  66  Atl.  209. 

$10,000;  reduced  to  $6,000.  Vowell 
V.  Issaquah  Coal  Co.,  31  Wash.  103,  71 
Pac.  725. 

$9,395.95.  McAdory  v.  Louisville  & 
N.  R.  R.,  94  Ala.  272,  10  So.  507. 

$8,721;  reduced  to  $5,000.  O'Connor 
V.  Union  Ry.,  67  App.  Div.  99,  73  N. 
Y.  Supp.  606. 

.$8,250;  reduced  to  $6,000.  Engvall 
V.  Des  Moines  City  Ry.,  145  la.  560, 
121  N.  W.  12. 

$8,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  St.  Louis, 
I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  V.  Caraway,  77  Ark.  405, 
91  S.  W.  749. 

$8,000.  Harrison  v.  Sutter  St.  R.  R., 
116  Cal.  156,  47  Pac.  1079. 

$8,000;  reduced  to  $4,000.  Atchison, 
T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  V.  Van  Belle,  26  Tex. 
Civ.  App.  511,  64  S.W.  397. 


children.  Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v. 
Davenport  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  110  S.  W. 
150. 

$40,000,  man  of  middle  age,  in  good 
health,  earning  $10,000  a  year.  Cun- 
ningham V.  Mutual  Reserve  Life  Ins. 
Co.,  125  App.  Div.  688,  109  N.  Y. 
Supp.  1070. 

^"  For  the  death  of  a  man  the  follow- 
ing verdicts  have  been  held  excessive: 

$40,000;  reduced  to  $15,000.  Sergy 
V.  Helena  L.  &  R.  Co.  (Mont.),  102 
Pac.  310. 

$32,500 ;  reduced  to  $25,000.  Kansas 
City  S.  Ry.  v.  Henrie,  87  Ark.  443,  112 
S.  W.  967. 

$27,306.12;  reduced  to  810,996.95. 
Scarpati  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  69 
App.  Div.  609,  74  N.  Y.  Supp.  499. 

825,000;  reduced  to  $10,000.  Dobyns 
V.  Yazoo  &  M.  V.  R.  R.,  119  La.  72,  43 
So.  934. 

825,000;  reduced  to  812,500.  Cum- 
berland T.  &T.Co.  V.  Pitchford(Miss.), 
30  So.  41. 

$22,000;  reduced  to  $15,000.  Cool- 
idge  V.  New  York,  99  App.  Div.  175, 
90  N.  Y.  Supp.  1078. 

$20,000;  reduced  to  $15,000.  O'Do- 
herty  v.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  134  App.  Div. 
298,  118  N.  Y.  Supp.  871. 

820,000  ($10,000  for  widow,  $5,000 
for  each  of  two  children).  Galveeton, 
H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  V.  Miller  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  57  S.  W.  702. 

$20,000;  reduced  to  $16,000.  San 
Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v.  Waller,  27  Tex. 
Civ.  App.  44,  65  S.  W.  210. 

818,000;  reduced  to  812,000.  Hoff- 
man V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  42 
Misc.  579,  87  N.  Y.  Supp.  617. 

$18,000.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v. 
Johnson,  1  Tex.  Civ.  App.  103,  20  S. 
W.  1123. 

818,000  (reduced  from  $27,000);  re- 
duced to  $12,000.  Ohrstrom  v.  Ta^ 
coma  (Wash.),  106  Pac.  629. 

$17,545;  reduced  to  $6,000.  Duke 
V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  172  Fed.  684. 


2746 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


§1367 


deaths,  as  for  instance  in  the  case 

$7,500.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v. 
Robbins,  57  Ark.  377,  21  S.  W.  886. 

$7,500;  reduced  to  $2,000.  Cline  v. 
Crescent  City  Ry.,  43  La.  Ann.  327, 
9  So.  122. 

$7,500;  reduced  to  $6,000.  MoFee 
V.  Vicksburg  R.  R.,  42  La.  Ann.  790, 
7  So.  720. 

$7,000;  reduced  to  $5,000.  Spring- 
field E.  L.  &  P.  Co.  V.  Calvert,  134  III. 
App.  285,  affirmed,  231  III.  290,  83  N. 
E.  184. 

$7,000.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 
McLaughUn,  73  Kan.  248,  84  Pa«.  989. 

$7,000;  reduced  to  $4,000.  Geiger  v. 
Worthen  &  A.  Co.,  66  N.  J.  L.  576,  49 
Atl.  918. 

$6,000;  reduced  to  $2,000.  Chicago, 
B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  V.  Weber,  121  III.  App. 
455. 

$6,000;  reduced  to  $3,000.  Mexican 
Nat.  R.  R.  V.  Finch,  8  Tex.  Civ.  App. 
409,  27  S.  W.  1028. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $1,500.  Lind- 
strom  V.  International  Nav.  Co.,  117 
Fed.  170. 

$5,000.  Denver  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  ». 
Spencer,  27  Colo.  313,  61  Pac.  606,  51 
L.  R.  A.  121. 

$5,000.  Leiter  v.  Kinnare,  68  111. 
App.  558. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $1,500.  Faul- 
kenau  v.  Rowland,  70  111.  App.  20. 

$5,000.  Klemm  v.  New  York  C.  & 
H.  R.  R.  R.,  78  Hun,  277,  28  N.  Y. 
Supp.  861. 

$4,500;  reduced  to  $2,500.  Haekett 
V.  Wisconsin  Cent.  Ry.,  141  Wis.  464, 
124  N.  W.  1018. 

$4,000;  reduced  to  $1,000.  Howey 
V.  New  England  Nav.  Co.,  83  Conn. 
278,  76  Atl.  469. 

$4,000.  Chicago  &  E.  I.  R.  R.  v. 
Vestor  (Ind.  App.),  93  N.  E.  1039. 

$4,000.  Memphis  St.  Ry.  v.  Berry, 
llSTenn.  581,  102  S.  W.  85. 

$4,000.  Rudiger  v.  Chicago,  S.  P.  M. 
&  O.  Ry.,  101  Wis.  292,  77  N.  W.  169. 

$3,600  sufficient.    Garbaccia  v.  Jer- 


of  death  of  an  adult  woman,"* 

aey  City  H.  &  P.  Ry.  (N.  J.  L.),  53  Atl. 


707. 

$3,500;  reduced  to  $2,500.  Hirsch- 
kovitz  V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  138  Fed. 
438. 

$3,500;  reduced  to  $2,000.  Swanson 
V.  Union  Stock  Yard  Co.  (Neb.),  131 
N.  W.  594. 

$3,500;  reduced  to  $1,500.  Innes  v. 
Milwaukee,  103  Wis.  582,  79  N.  W.  783. 

$3,000.  Wagner  v.  H.  Clausen  & 
Son  B.  Co.  (App.  Div.),  130  N.  Y. 
Supp.  584. 

$2,500;  reduced  to  $1,650.  Louis- 
ville &  N.  R.  R.  V.  Trammell,  93  Ala. 
350,  9  So.  870. 

$2,600.  Bond  Hill  v.  Atkmson,  16 
Ohio  Cir.  Ct.  470,  9  Oh.  Cir.  Dec. 
185. 

$2,000;  reduced  to  $750.  McKay  v. 
New  England  Dredging  Co.,  92  Me. 
454,  43  Atl.  29. 

$1,750.  Serenson  v.  Northern  Pac. 
R.  R.,  45  Fed.  407, 

$1,600.  Conley  v.  Maine  Cent.  R. 
R.,  95  Me.  149,  49  Atl.  668. 

$1,500.  Chicago  Terminal  Transfer 
R.  R.  V.  Helberg,  99  111.  App.  563. 

$1,500.  Cherokee,  etc.,  Coal,  etc., 
Co.  V.  Limb,  47  Kan.  469,  29  Pac.  181. 

$1,500;  reduced  to  $500.  Interna- 
tional &  G.  N.  Ry.  V.  Jones  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  60  S.  W.  978. 

$1,500;  reduced  to  $1,000.  Hom- 
bough  V.  Balch,  27  Ont.  App.  32,  44. 

$1,200;  reduced  (by  plaintiff)  to 
$1,000.  Central  R.  R.  v.  Crosby,  74 
Ga.  737,  58  Am.  Rep.  463. 

$500.  San  Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry. 
Engelhorn  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  62  S.  W. 
561. 

""  For  the  death  of  a  woman  the 
following  verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$800,  woman  of  sixty-eight,  helped 
in  household  work,  supported  by  chil- 
dren. Phalen  v.  Rochester  Ry.,  31 
App.  Div.  448,  52  N.  Y.  Supp.  836. 

$1,000,  feeble  woman  of  seventy-one. 
Chicago  V.  Kimball,  18  111.  App.  240. 


§1367 


1>aMa6es  fOr  blSATH 


2747 


of  a  girl  between  seven  and  twenty-one,  ^^^  or  of  a  boy  of  the 

$1,000,  strong  widow  of  seventy- 
three  without  dependent  children. 
Wabash  v.  Carver,  129  Ind.  552,  29 
N.  E.  25,  13  L.  R.  A.  851. 

$1,400,  by  surviving  husband  and 
children.    Redfield  v.  Oakland  Consol. 


St.  R.  R.,  110  Cal.  277,  42  Pac.  822. 

$1,500,  widow  of  seventy-two,  living 
with  children  and  working.  Walls  v. 
Rochester  Ry.,  92  Hun,  581,  36  N.  Y. 
Supp.  1102. 

$2,500,  woman  of  fifty-rune,  partly 
supporting  her  husband.  Chicago  & 
A.  Ry.  V.  Wilson,  128  111.  App.  88,  af- 
firmed 225  111.  50,  80  N.  B.  56. 

$3,000,  widow  of  forty-six,  living 
with  three  adult  sons.  Chicago,  etc., 
R.  R.  V.  Ptacek,  62  111.  App.  375. 

$3,000,  widow  of  sixty,  only  support 
of  plaintiff,  her  father,  eighty-two 
years  old.  Purcell  v.  Lauer,  14  App. 
Div.  33,  43  N.  Y.  Supp.  988,  4  N.  Y. 
Annot.  Cas.  129. 

$3,500,  married  woman  of  thirty- 
eight,  well  educated,  assisting  husband. 
Fisher  v.  Waupaca  E.  L.  &  R.  Co.,  141 
Wis.  515,  124  N.  W.  1005. 

$4,000,  married  woman  of  twenty- 
three,  earning  $400  per  year.  Denver 
&  R.  G.  R.  R.  V.  Gunning,  33  Colo.  280, 
80  Pac.  727. 

$4,000,  daughter  of  thirty-six,  con- 
tributing over  $300  a  year.  Bowles  v. 
Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  46  Hun,  324. 

$4,500,  mother  of  sixty-two,  con- 
tributing to  support  of  children.  San 
Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v.  Long  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  26  S.  W.  114. 

$5,000,  woman  of  sixty-three,  leaving 
husband  and  unmarried  daughter. 
Lyons  v.  Second  Ave.  R.  R.,  89  Hun, 
374,  35  N.  Y.  Supp.  372,  2  N.  Y. 
Annot.  Cas.  402. 

$6,141,  daughter,  who  partly  sup- 
ported father.  Savannah  Electric  Co. 
V.  Bell,  124  Ga.  663,  53  S.  E.  109. 

$10,000,  married  woman  of  thirty- 
one.  Norfolk  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Munsell,  109 
Va.  417,  64  S.  E.  50. 


The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$10,000,  woman  of  forty-nine,  leav- 
ing husband  and  two  sons,  reduced  to 
$7,000.  Smith  v.  Lehigh  V.  R.  R.,  61 
App.  Div.  46,  69  N.  Y.  Supp.  1112. 

$8,000,  wife  and  infant,  reduced  to 
$5,000.  Sherman  v.  Western  Stage  Co., 
24  la.  515. 

$7,500,  woman  of  sixty-three.  Med- 
inger  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  6 
App.  Div.  42,  39  N.  Y.  Supp.  613. 

$7,000,  wife  of  fifty-six,  contributing 
to  support  of  plaintiffs.  Nelson  v.  Lake 
Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  104  Mich.  582,  62 
N.  W.  993. 

$5,000,  sister  of  forty-five,  kept 
house  for  brother;  reduced  to  $2,500, 
Rafferty  v.  Erie  R.  R.,  66  N.  J.  L.  444, 
49  Atl.  456. 

$4,140,  single  woman  of  twenty- 
seven,  gave  parents  $75  per  year. 
Armour  i;.  Czischki,  59  111.  App. 
17. 

$4,000,  wife  of  twenty.  Mitchell  v. 
New  York  C.  R.  R.,  2  Hun,  535. 

$3,500,  widow  of  fifty,  three  adult 
children.  Mclntyre  v.  New  York  C. 
R.  R.,  47  Barb.  515,  1  N.  Y.  287. 

$2,750,  married  daughter  contrib- 
uting $2.50  a  week  to  plaintiff,  her 
mother.  Indianapolis  Commercial 
Club  V.  Hilliker,  20  Ind.  App.  239,  50 
N.  E.  578. 

$1,000,  woman  of  fifty-nine,  no  facts 
as  to  pecuniary  loss  shown.  St.  Louis 
&  S.  F.  R.  R.  V.  Blinn,  10  Kan.  App. 
468,  62  Pac.  427. 

2'«  For  the  desith  of  a  girl  from  seven 
to  twenty-one  the  following  verdicts 
have  been  upheld: 

$2,000,  sixteen  year  old  girl,  action 
by  divorced  mother.  Wiltse  v.  Tilden, 
77  Wis.  152,  46  N.  W.  234. 

$3,750,  girl  of  fourteen.  Werner  v. 
Brooklyn  E.  R.  R.,  11  App.  Div.  86,  42 
N.  Y.  Supp.  846. 

$5,000,  bright  girl  of  twelve,  pro- 
ficient in  music  and  needle  work.    Chi- 


2748 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


1367 


same  age.^^'    In  the  case  of  an  infant  another  element  of  un- 


cago  G.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Root,  106  111.  App. 
164. 

$12,500,  girl  fifteen  and  one-half 
years  old,  stenographer,  had  position 
for  two  months,  earning  twenty-five 
dollars  a  month  and  salary  had  been 
increased.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.  v. 
Ward  (Ky.),  141  S.  W.  72. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  excessive: 

$9,500,  girl  of  twenty,  music  teacher, 
helped  parents;  reduced  to  $5,000. 
Kellogg  V.  Albany  &  H.  R.  &  P.  Co., 
72  App.  Div.  321,  76  N.  Y.  Supp.  85, 
11  N.  Y.  Annot.  Cas.  50. 

$6,000,  girl  of  nineteen;  reduced  to 
$4,000.  Seeley  v.  New  York  Cent.  & 
H.  R.  R.  R.,  8  App.  Div.  402,  40  N.  Y. 
Supp.  866. 

$5,000,  girl  of  seventeen,  earning 
money  but  not  shown  to  be  contribut- 
ing to  family.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.  v. 
Adamick,  33  111.  App.  412. 

$4,000,  girl  sixteen  years  old,  took 
care  of  her  father's  house,  mother  dead, 
father  a  laborer,  fifty-five  years  of  age; 
reduced  to  $2,500.  Dinnihan  v.  Lake 
Ontario  Beach  Imp.  Co.,  8  App.  Div. 
509,  40  N.  Y.  Supp.  764. 

$3,500,  for  girl  of  eight;  reduced  to 
$2,500.  Wells  V.  New  York  C.  &  H. 
R.  R.  R.,  78  App.  Div.  1,  78  N.  Y. 
Supp.  991. 

'"  For  the  death  of  a  boy  between 
seven  and  twenty-one  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  upheld: 

$250,  boy  of  eleven.  Snyder  v.  Lake 
Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  131  Mich.  418,  91 
N.  W.  643. 

$500,  bright  boy  of  seven,  St.  Louis, 
etc.,  R.  R.  V.  Dawson,  68  Ark.  1,  56  S. 
W.  46. 

$700,  boy  of  nineteen.  State  v.  Miller, 
180  Fed.  796. 

£150,  boy  of  fourteen.  Bourke  v. 
Cork  &  M.  Ry.,  4  L.  R.  Ire.  682. 

$900,  boy  of  fifteen.  The  Charlotte, 
124  Fed.  989. 

$1,000,  boy  of  twelve.     New  York, 


etc.,  R.  R.  V.  Mushbrush,  11  Ind.  App. 
192,  37  N.  E.  954. 

$1,000,  boy  of  seven.  Indianapolis 
T.  &  T.  Co.  V.  Beckman,  40  Ind.  App. 
100,  81  N.  E.  82. 

$1,000,  boy  of  seventeen.  Young- 
quist  V.  Minneapolis  St.  Ry.,  102  Minn. 
501,  114  N.  W.  259. 

$1,100,  boy  of  thirteen.  Citizens' 
St.  R.  R.  V.  Lowe,  12  Ind.  App.  47,  39 
N.  E.  165. 

$1,525,  boy  of  seven.  Omaha  v. 
Bowman,  63  Neb.  333,  88  N.  W.  521. 

$1,600,  boy  of  eighteen.  The  Char- 
lotte, 124  Fed.  989. 

$1,660,  boy  of  eighteen  and  one-half. 
Dando  v.  Home  Telephone  Co.,  140 
Mo.  App.  511,  120  S.  W.  644. 

$1,700,  boy  of  sixteen.  Thompson 
V.  Johnston  Bros.  Co.,  86  Wis.  576,  57 
N.  W.  298,  26  L.  R.  A.  524. 

$1,846.46,  boy  of  fifteen,  earning  four 
dollars  a  week.  Franke  v.  St.  Louis, 
110  Mo.  516,  19  S.  W.  938. 

$2,400,  boy  of  fourteen.  Post  i;. 
Ohnsted,  47  Neb.  893,  66  N.  W. 
828. 

$2,500,  boy  of  twenty,  earmng 
money,  had  expressed  intention  to 
support  mother.  Memphis  D.  &  G. 
Ry.  V.  Buckley  (Ark.),  138  S.  W. 
965. 

$2,500,  boy  of  seventeen,  earning 
$1.30  per  day.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v. 
Gilbert,  51  111.  App.  404. 

$2,850,  boy  of  ten.  Omaha  v.  Rich- 
ards, 49  Neb.  244,  68  N.  W.  521. 

$3,000,  boy  of  nineteen,  earning  $2.50 
a  day.  Chicago  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  Branyan, 
10  Ind.  App.  570,  586,  37  N.  E.  190. 

$3,000  (reduced  from  $3,500),  child 
of  eight.  Farrell  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P. 
R.  R.,  123  Iowa,  690,  99  N.  W.  578. 

$3,000,  boy  of  eleven.  Union  Pac. 
R.  R.  V.  Dunden,  37  Kan.  1,  14  Pac. 
501. 

$3,100,  boy  of  seven.  Heinz  v.  Brook- 
lyn Heights  R.  R.,  91  Hun,  640,  36 
N.  Y.  Supp.  675. 


§1367 


DAMAGES   FOR  DEATH 


2749 


certainty  is  furnished  by  the  fact  that  the  parent  is  obhged  to 

$8,000,  boy  of  eight.    Vicksburg  v. 


$3,500,  boy  of  twelve,  earning  $20  a 
month.  Lee  v.  Publishers:  Knapp  & 
Co.,  155  Mo.  610,  56  S.  W.  458. 

$3,500,  boy  of  seven  and  one-half. 
St.  Louis,  S.  F.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Bolen  (Tex. 
Civ.  App.),  129  S.  W.  860. 

$3,500,  boy  of  eighteen.  Hayes  v. 
Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  131  Wis. 
399,  111  N.  W.  471. 

$3,750,  boy  of  seven.  Taylor  B.  & 
H.  R.  R.  V.  Warner  (Tex.  Civ.  App.), 
60  S.  W.  442. 

$4,000,  boy  of  seven.  Golden  v.  Spo- 
kane &  I.  E.  R.  R.  (Ida.),  118  Pac. 
1076. 

$4,000,  boy  of  sixteen,  expensively 
educated,  law  student.  Atchison,  T.  & 
S.  F.  R.  R.  V.  Fajardo,  74  Kan.  314,  86 
Pac.  301,  6  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  681. 

$5,000,  boy  of  sixteen,  clerk  in  gro- 
cery store.  Nelson  v.  Brandford  Light- 
ing, etc.,  Co.,  75  Conn.  548,  54  Atl. 
303. 

$5,000,  boy  of  seven.  Cicero  &  P.  St. 
R.  R.  ti.  Boyd,  95  111.  App.  510. 

$5,000,  boy  of  foiui;een.  Illinois 
Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Johnson,  123  111.  App. 
300. 

$5,000,  boy  of  fifteen,  earning  $350 
to  $500  a  year,  giving  his  earnings  to 
his  mother.  Commerce  C.  O.  Co.  v. 
Camp  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  129  S.  W. 
852. 

$7,500,  boy  of  sixteen.  Morris  v. 
Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  63  App.  Div.  78, 
71  N.  Y.  Supp.  321. 

$12,000,  for  two  children  of  six  and 
ten.  Cherry  v.  Louisiana  &  A.  Ry.,  121 
La.  471,  46  So.  596,  17  L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.) 
505. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$18,000,  boy  of  nine.  Illinois  Cent. 
R.  R.  V.  Watson,  117  Ky.  374,  78  S.  W. 
175,  25  Ky!  L.  Rep.  1360. 

$12,000,  boy  of  twelve;  reduced  to 
$7,500.  McDonald  v.  Metropolitan  St. 
R.  R.,  36  Misc.  703,  74  N.  Y.  Supp. 
367. 


McLain,  67  Miss.  4,  6  So.  774. 

$7,487,  boy  of  fourteen;  reduced  to 
$2,500.  McDonald  v.  Champion  I.  & 
S.  Co.,  140  Mich.  401,  103  N.  W.  829. 

$6,000,  boy  of  eight  and  one-half;  re- 
duced to  $3,000.  Schaffer  v.  Baker 
Transfer  Co.,  29  App.  Div.  459,  51 
N.  Y.  Supp.  1092. 

$5,126,  boy  of  twelve;  reduced  to 
$2,000.  Rowe  v.  New  York  &  N.  J.  T. 
Co.,  66  N.  J.  L.  19,  48  Atl.  523. 

$5,000,  boy  of  ten.  North  Chicago 
St.  R.  R.  V.  Wrixon,  51  111.  App. 
307. 

$5,000;  reduced  to  $2,000.  Jackson 
V.  Consolidated  Traction  Co.,  59  N.  J. 
L.  25,  35  Atl.  754. 

$5,000,  boy  of  seven;  reduced  to 
$3,000.  Riley  v.  Salt  Lake  R.  T.  Co., 
10  Utah,  428,  37  Pac.  681. 

$4,500,  boy  of  seventeen,  contributed 
not  more  than  $90  a  year.  Kerling  v. 
G.  W.  Van  Dusen  &  Co.,  108  Minn.  51, 
124  N.  W.  235. 

$3,000,  boy  of  nineteen;  reduced  to 
$2,000.  Barnes  v.  Columbia  Lead  Co., 
107  Mo.  App.  608,  82  S.  W.  203. 

$3,000,  boy  of  sixteen,  not  likely  to 
earn  more  than  $20  a  month  during 
minority;  reduced  to  $1,500.  May  v. 
West  Jersey  &  S.  R.  R.,  62  N.  J.  L.  67, 
42  Atl.  165. 

$2,500,  boy  of  thirteen,  plaintiff, 
father,  had  abandoned  family,  boy 
earned  fifty  cents  a  day.  Cook  v. 
American  E.  C.  &  S.  G.  Co.,  70  N.  J.  L. 
65,  56  Atl.  114. 

$2,118,  boy  of  nineteen;  reduced  to 
$1,500.  Stumbo  v.  Duluth  Zinc  Co., 
100  Mo.  App.  635,  75  S.  W.  185. 

$1,050,  boy  of  fourteen.  Telfer  v. 
Northern  R.  R.,  1  Vr.  (29  N.  J.  L.) 
188. 

$900,  boy  of  ten,  father  had  not  been 
heard  from  for  five  years,  no  other  rel- 
atives; reduced  to  $500.  Grieve  v. 
North  Jersey  St.  Ry.,  65  N.  J.  L.  409, 
47  Atl.  427. 


2750 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


§1367 


support  the  child  during  his  minority,  and  the  excess  of  the 
probable  earning  power  of  the  child  over  the  cost  of  his  sup- 
port is  problematical.^^" 


''*  For  the  death  of  an  infant  under 
seven  the  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld: 

$299.71  each,  children  of  one  and 
three  years.  Chapman  v.  Pfarr,  145  la. 
196,  132  N.  W.  957. 

$375,  girl  of  three  and  one-half. 
Reger  v.  Rochester  R.  R.,  2  App.  Div. 
5,  37  N.  Y.  Supp.  520. 

$1,500,  child  of  twenty-one  months. 
Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  Logue,  58  111. 
App.  142. 

$1,578,  child  of  six.  Hoon  v.  Beaver 
Valley  Traction  Co.,  204  Pa.  369,  54 
Atl.  270. 

$2,000,  child  under  five.  York  v. 
Pacific  &  I.  N.  Ry.,  8  Ida.  574,  69  Pac. 
1042. 

$2,000  (reduced  from  $3,750),  child 
of  three.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.  v.  Des 
Lauriers,  40  111.  App.  654. 

$2,000,  girl  of  five.  Huerzeler  v. 
Central  C.  T.  R.  R.,  1  Misc.  136,  20 
N.  Y.  Supp.  676. 

$2,000,  child  of  four.  Moskovitz  v. 
Lighte,  68  Hun,  102,  22  N.  Y.  Supp. 
732. 

$2,000,  boy  of  eighteen  months. 
Houston  City  St.  Ry.  v.  Sciacca,  80 
Tex.  350,  16  S.  W.  31. 

$2,300,  boy  of  six.  Strutzel  v.  St. 
Paul  City  Ry.,  47  Minn.  543,  50  N.  W. 
690. 

$2,750,  child  under  six.  Gray  v.  St. 
Paul  City  Ry.,  87  Minn.  280,  91  N.  W. 
1106. 

$3,500,  boy  of  six,  only  child  of 
widowed  mother.  San  Antonio  St. 
Ry.  V.  Watzlavzick  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  28 
S.  W.  115. 

$4,800,  boy  over  four.  De  Amado  v. 
Friedman  (Ari.),  89  Pac.  588. 

$5,000,  boy  of  six.  Chicago  City  Ry. 
V.  Strong,  129  111.  App.  511,  afiirmed, 
230  111.  58,  82  N.  E.  335. 

$5,500,  child  of  two.    Galveston,  H. 


&  N.  Ry.  V.  Olds  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  112 

S.  W.  787. 

$6,000,  boy  of  two.  Austin  R.  T.  Ry. 
V.  CuUen  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  29  S.  W. 
256. 

In  Chicago  City  Ry.  v.  Strong,  129 
111.  App.  511,  the  court  used  the  fol- 
lowing language:  "He  was  an  American 
youth  and  every  ambition  of  life  was 
open  to  him,  and  fame  and  distinction 
and  high  place  in  this  free  republic 
were  not  barred  to  him.  The  country's 
history  is  replete  with  names  which 
shine  luminous  upon  the  screen  of 
fame,  who  climb  into  the  giddy  heights 
of  prominence  and  usefulness  as  the 
labor  of  patriotic  endeavor,  from  as 
humble  a  station  in  life  as  that  to  which 
the  deceased  was  bom.  What  comfort 
and  financial  support  he  might  have 
been  to  his  next  of  kin,  we  can  never 
know.  What  sorrow  or  charge  upon 
them  he  might  have  come  is  equally 
denied."  This  line  of  thought  seems  to 
indicate  that  other  considerations  than 
those  of  mere  pecuniary  loss  are  allowed 
to  govern  the  amount  of  recovery. 

The  following  verdicts  were  held  ex- 
cessive: 

$20,000,  child  of  two.  Morgan  v. 
Southern  Pac.  Co.,  95  Cal.  510,  30  Pac. 
603,  29  Am.  St.  Rep.  143,  17  L.  R.  A. 
71. 

$10,500,  child  under  four.  Louisville 
&  N.  R.  R.  V.  Creighton,  50  S.  W.  227, 
20  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1691,  1898. 

$6,000,  child  of  four  and  one-half. 
Fox  V.  Oakland  Consol.  St.  R.  R.,  118 
Cal.  55,  50  Pac.  25,  62  Am.  St.  Rep. 
216. 

$5,000,  boy  of  four.  Graham  v.  Con- 
solidated Trac.  Co.,  64  N.  'j.  L.  10,  44 
Atl.  964,  65  N.  J.  L.  539,  47  Atl.  453. 

$4,000,  boy  of  four;  reduced  to 
$3,000.  Hively  v.  Webster  County,  117 
la.  672,  91  N.  W.  1041. 


§1368 


INADEQUATE   DAMAGES 


2751 


§  1368.  Inadequate  damages. 

The  forbearance  of  the  court  to  interfere  with  the  jury  is  so 
great  that,  in  actions  of  tort,  the  general  rule  was  once  said  to 
be,  that  a  new  trial  will  not  be  granted  for  smallness  of  dam- 
ages, ^i*  And  it  is  still  true  that  a  new  trial  will  not  ordinarily 
be  granted  for  this  reason,  especially  where  there  is  no  pe- 
cuniary standard  for  the  estimate  of  damages,  as  where  they 
are  given  for  pain  and  suffering;  ^2"  because  juries  seldom  un- 
derestimate the  amount  of  damages.^^'  So  clearly  is  this  felt 
to  be  the  case,  that  courts  are  sometimes  forbidden  by  statute 
to  set  aside  verdicts  in  personal  injury  cases  on  the  ground  of 
inadequacy.  ^^^ 

But  while  this  is  generally  true,  it  is  now  well  settled  that  if 
the  jury  so  far  disregard  the  justice  of  the  case  as  to  give  no 
damages  at  all  where  some  redress  is  clearly  due,  the  court  will 
interpose.  ^^^  So  where,  in  case  for  negligence,  for  defendant's 
servant  driving  against  the  plaintiff,  it  appeared  that  the 
plaintiff's  thigh  was  broken,  and  considerable  expense  in- 
curred for  surgical  treatment;  the  plaintiff  obtained  a  verdict. 


$3,500,  girl  under  four.  West  Chi- 
cago St.  R.  R.  V.  Scanlan,  68  111.  App. 
626. 

83,000  (reduced  from  $5,000)  child 
of  6J^.  Gunderaon  v.  Northwestern 
Elevator  Co.,  47  Minn.  161,  49  N.  W. 
694. 

$2,000,  girl  of  five;  reduced  to  $1,000, 
Fleming  v.  Lobel  (N.  J.  L.),  59  Atl.  27. 

$1,500,  boy  of  four  and  one-half, 
Lehman  v.  Brooklyn,  29  Barb.  234. 

"'  Lord  Townsend  v.  Hughes,  2  Mod, 
150;  Mauricet  v.  Brecknock,  2  Doug, 
509;  Hayward  v.  Newton,  2  Strange, 
940;  Barker  v.  Dixie,  2  Strange,  1051 
21  Yin.  Abr.  486,  Trial  Y,  g.;  Lord 
Gower  v.  Heath,  Barnes'  Notes,  445 
Regina  v.  Justices  of  West  Riding,  1  Q, 
B.  624,  631;  Hayward  v.  Newton,  2 
Str.  940;  Kelly  v.  Sherlock,  L.  R.  1 Q.  B 
686;  Howard  v.  Barnard,  11  C.  B.  653 
(in  which  case  the  point  was  consid- 
ered that  the  jury  had  not  been  in- 
fluenced by  improper  motives);  Apps 


V.  Day,  14  C.  B.  112;  Bradlaugh  v.  Ed- 
wards, 11  C.  B.  (N.  S.)  377;  Kennedy  v. 
Way,  7  West.  L.  J.  414.  And  this  was 
held  especially  true  when  the  judge  at 
Nisi  Prius  was  satisfied  with  the  ver- 
dict. Gibbs  V.  Tunaley,  1  C.  B. 
640, 

220Lufkin  V.  Hitchcock  (Mass.),  80 
N.  E.  456. 

"1  BoUes  V.  Bloomington  &  N.  R.  E. 
&  H.  Co.,  130  111.  App.  263. 

'''  Kentucky  (for  pain) :  Netter  v. 
Louisville  Ry.,  134  Ky.  678,  121  S.  W. 
636. 

Nebraska:  O'Reilly  v.  Hoover,  70 
Neb.  357,  97  N.  W.  470;  Langdon  v. 
Clarke,  73  Neb.  516,  103  N.  W.  62. 

22»  Connecticut:  Nicholson  v.  N.  Y. 
&  N.  H.  R.  R.,  22  Conn.  74,  56  Am. 
Dec.  390. 

New  York:  Clapp  v.  Hudson  River 
R.  R.,  19  Barb.  461  (semble). 

England:  Rendall  v.  Hayward,  5  Bing. 
(N.  S.)  424. 


2752  EXCESSIVE    OR   INADEQUATE   DAMAGES  §  1368 

damages  one  farthing;  a  new  trial  was  granted  on  payment  of 
costs ;  and  Lord  Denman  said :  "  A  new  trial  on  a  mere  difference 
of  opinion  as  to  amount,  may  not  be  grantable;  but  here  are 
no  damages  at  all."  ^^*  And  it  is  now  settled  that  a  verdict 
will  be  set  aside  as  inadequate  for  the  same  reasons  that  justify 
setting  a  verdict  aside  if  excessive.  ^^^ 

If  the  entire  injury  is  pecuniary,  and  the  verdict  is  for  less 
than  the  undisputed  pecuniary  loss,  the  verdict  will  be  set 
aside  as  inadequate.  So  on  a  taking  of  land  where  damage 
was  undisputed  a  verdict  of  six  cents  would  be  set  aside  as 
inadequate;  ^^*  and  for  breach  of  a  contract  to  sell,  a  verdict 
for  $100  was  set  aside  where  the  undisputed  evidence  showed 
a  much  greater  pecuniary  damage.  ^^^  So,  in  trespass,  where 
the  jury  had  not  given  the  entire  value  of  the  property  taken, 
the  verdict  was  not  allowed  to  stand.^^  And  in  an  action 
brought  by  a  seller  against  a  purchaser,  to  recover  damages 
for  not  accepting  and  paying  for  the  goods  sold,  the  judge  set 
aside  the  verdict  for  the  plaintiff,  because,  although  a  verdict 
for  the  defendants  would  not  have  been  disturbed,  the  dam- 
ages found  by  the  jury  were  less  than  any  of  the  evidence  in 
the  case  justified,  if  there  were  any  recovery  whatever. ^^'    In 

*2*  Armytage  v.  Halej',  4  Q.  B.  917.  New  Jersey:  Wilson  v.   Morgan,  58 

See,  also,  Cook  v.  Beal,  1  Ld.  Raym.  N.  J.  L.  426,  34  Atl.  762. 

176;  s.  c.  3  Salk.  115;  Brown  v.  Sey-  New  York:  Brown  v.  Foster,  1  App. 

mour,   1   Wils.  5;  Austin  v.  Hilliers,  Div.  578,  37  N.  Y.  Supp.  502. 

Hard,  408.  Wisconsin:  Robinson  v.  Waupaca,  77 

2"  Florida:  Duncan  v.  Jackson,   16  Wis.  544,  46  N.  W.  809. 

Fla.  338.  Ireland:  Beattie  v.  Moore,  L.  R.  2  Ire. 

Georgia:   Anglin  v.   Columbus,    128  28,  31. 

Ga.  469,  57  S.  E.  780.  ™  In  re  Brooklyn  U.  E.  R.  R.,  95 

Illinois:  Kilmer  v.  Parrish,  144  111.  App.  Div.  108,  88  N.  Y.  Supp.  426. 

App.  270.  2"  Daniel  v.  Allen,  149  111.  App.  351. 

Iowa:  Tathweli  v.  Cedar  Rapids,  122  "zs  Porteous  v.  Hazel,  Harp.  (S.  C.) 

la.  50,  97  N.  W.  96.  332.    So  in  caae  of  wrongful  use  of  a 

Louisiana:  Sullivan  v.  Vicksburg,  S.  horse  and  wagon,  where  only  nominal 

&  P.  R.  R.,  39  La.  Ann.  800,  4  Am.  St.  damages  were  given.    Gardner  v.  Baer, 

Rep.  239,  2  So.  586;  Caldwell  v.  Vicks-  26  Misc.  181,  56  N.  Y.  Supp.  1096. 

burg,  S.  &  P.  R.  R.,  41  La.  Ann.  624,  "» McDonald  v.  Walter,  40  N.   Y. 

61  So.  217.  551.     So  in  case  of  personal  injury. 

Minnesota:  Marsh  v.  Minneapolis  B.  Saperstone  v.  Rochester  Ry.,  25  App. 

Co.,  92  Minn.  182,  99  N.  W.  630.  Div.  285,  49  N.  Y.  Supp.  486.      So  in 

Missouri:   Watson   v.   Harmon,    85  case  of  injury  to  property.     Kerr  v. 

Mo.  443;  Pritchard  v.  Hewitt,  91  Mo.  Union  Ry.,  20  Misc.  171,  45  N.  Y. 

647,  4  S.  W.  437,  60  Am.  Rep.  265.  Supp.  819. 


§  1369  FAILURE   TO   ALLOW  DAMAGES  2753 

Wilson  V.  Hicks,  ^•■"'  an  action  on  contract,  this  power  was 
exercised  conditionally  upon  the  plaintiff's  relinquishing  the 
costs  of  the  first  trial. 

This  right  will  be  enforced,  particularly  in  those  cases  in 
which  the  smallness  of  the  verdict  shows  that  the  jury  ha.ve 
made  a  compromise.^"  In  cases  of  insufficient  damages,  the 
verdict  should  not  be  annulled  if  the  defendant  will  consent 
to  an  increase  of  the  amount  of  damages,  ^'^  and  the  court  can 
sometimes  indicate  the  sum  by  which  the  verdict  should  be 
increased.  Thus  in  Alloway  v.  Nashville,  ^^'  where  the  jury 
erred  in  omitting  interest,  the  interest  was  added  by  the  court 
without  ordering  a  new  trial.  In  Howard  v.  Barnard  ^'^  the 
court  said,  that  if  there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  the  jury 
was  actuated  by  improper  motives,,  or  if  another  verdict  would 
probably  be  so  small  that  a  new  trial  would  not  be  worth  while 
in  view  of  the  additional  costs,  the  verdict  will  be  upheld.  The 
most  important  case  upon  this  subject  is  Phillips  v.  South  West 
Railway.  ^'^  The  action  was  brought  to  recover  damages  for 
personal  injuries  sustained  on  the  defendant's  railway.  The 
plaintiff  was  a  physician,  receiving  an  income  of  £5,000  a  year 
from  his  practice.  He  was  permanently  disabled,  mentally 
and  physically,  and  had  already  been  unable  to  exercise  his 
profession  for  sixteen  months.  It  was  also  shown  that  his  life 
had  undoubtedly  been  shortened.  A  verdict  for  £7,000  was  set 
aside,  and  a  new  trial  awarded,  upon  the  ground  that  the  dam- 
ages were  inadequate.  On  a  second  trial  the  plaintiff  recov- 
ered £16,000,  and  this  was  held  not  to  be  excessive.^'* 

§  1369.  Failure  to  allow  damages  where  compensation  should 
be  given. 
Where  the  jury  fail  altogether  to  alow  dlamages  in  cases 
where  the  plaintiff  is  by  law  entitled  to  compensation,  the  ver- 
dict will  be  set  aside.  Thus  where  an  action  is  brought  for 
serious  personal  injuries,  a  verdict  for  nominal  damages  will 

»»  26  L;  J.  Ex.  242.  -  ="'  88  Tenn.  510. 

»'  FalVey  ».  Standford,  L.  R.  10  Q.  ="  11  C.  B.  65.-}. 

B.  54;  although,  in  Richards  v.  Rose,  9  "*  5  q.  b.  D.  78. 

Ex.  218,  this  rule  was  doubted.  ^™  Phillips  v.  London  &  S.  W.  Ry.,  5 

"2  Richards  v.   Sandford,   2   E.   D.  C.  P.  D.  280. 
Smith,  349. 

173 


2754 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1370 


be  set  aside.  ^^'  A  verdict  which  does  no  more  than  cover  the 
necessary  surgical  expenses,  will  receive  the  same  treatment;  ^^^ 
a  fortiori  when  it  is  even  less  than  the  actual  expenses.^''  So 
in  other  actions,  where  the  existence  of  some  damage  is  suffi- 
ciently proved  to  justify  recovery  of  a  substantial  amount,  a 
verdict  for  nominal  damages  will  be  set  aside  as  inadequate.^^" 

§  1370.  What  damages  are  inadequate;  torts  in  general. 

It  remains  to  consider  what  verdicts  have  actually  been 
passed  upon  by  the  courts  and  held  inadequate  and  not  inade- 
quate. It  has  already  been  pointed  out  that  the  court  is  much 
less  free  in  holding  a  verdict  inadequate  than  in  holding  it 
excessive,  and  the  number  of  cases  in  which  such  verdicts  have 
been  considered  by  the  courts  is  comparatively  small;  yet 
there  are  enough  recent  decisions  to  give  a  somewhat  definite 
idea  of  the  way  in  which  courts  act.  Thus  verdicts  have  been 
considered  from  the  point  of  view  of  inadequacy  in  actions 
for  false  imprisonment,^"  malicious  prosecution,^*^  and  slan- 


2"  New  York:  Robbins  v.  Hudson 
River  R.  R.,  7  Bosw.  1;  Sloane  v.  Mc- 
Cauley,  33  Misc.  652,  68  N.  Y.  Supp. 
187;  Lemer  v.  Cohen,  116  N.  Y.  Supp. 
567. 

Texas:  Canthen  i;.  Breyer  (Tex.  Civ. 
App.),  131  S.  W.  853. 

Ireland:  Beattie  v.  Moore,  L.  R.  2 
Ire.  28. 

Of  course,  the  evidence  may  justify  a 
recovery  of  nominal  damages  only,  by 
showing  a  mere  technical  wrong  with 
no  actual  damages.  Henderson  v.  Mc- 
Reynolds,  60  Hun,  579,  14  N.  Y.  Supp. 
351. 

"'  New  York:  Katz  v.  Brooklyn 
Heights  R.  R.,  35  Misc.  302,  71  N.  Y. 
Supp.  744. 

Rhode  Island:  Hill  v.  Union  Ry. 
(R.  I.),  57Atl.  374. 

^''  Illinois:  Kilmer  v.  Parrish,  144  111. 
App.  270. 

Maine:  Leavitt  v.  Dow,  105  Me.  50, 
72  Atl.  735. 

Nebraska:  Carpenter  v.  Red  Cloud, 
64  Neb.  126,  89  N.  W.  637. 


England:  Tedd  v.  Douglas,  5  Jur. 
(N.  S.)  1029. 

^"'Alabama:  Hardeman  v.  Williams, 
157  Ala.  422,  48  So.  108  (trespass  on 
property). 

South  Carolina:  English  v.  Clerry,  3 
Hill,  279  (cutting  trees). 

Texas:  Prewitt  v.  Southwestern  T.  & 
T.  Co.,  46  Tex.  Civ.  App.  123,  101 
S.  W.  812  (failure  to  deliver  telegram). 

"^  For  false  imprisonment  the  follow- 
ing damages  have  been  held  inade- 
quate: 

Six  cents.  Henderson  v.  McRey- 
nolds,  60  Hun,  579,  14  N.  Y.  Supp.  351. 

The  following  have  been  held  ade- 
quate: 

$50.  Taylor  v.  Davis  (Tex.),  13  S.  W. 
642. 

Six  cents.  Wegne  v.  Risch,  114  Wis. 
270,  90  N.  W.  168. 

'"  For  malicious  prosecution  the  fol- 
lowing damages  have  been  held  inade- 
quate: 

$450.  Maille  v.  Lacassagne,  35  La. 
Ann.  594. 

$1,  increased  to  $300.     Mequet   v. 


§1371 


PEESONAL  INJURIES 


2755 


der,^*'  in  actions  against  a  carrier  for  assault  upon  a  passenger 
by  its  servant,  ^^*  and  in  actions  for  assault  and  battery.  ^*^ 


§  1371.  Personal  injuries. 

For  personal  injuries  of  various  kinds  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  verdicts  have  been  considered  by  the  courts  and  their 
adequacy  passed  upon.^*^ 


Silverman,  52  La.  Ann.  1369,  27  So. 
885. 

^"  For  slander  the  following  dam- 
ages have  been  held  inadequate: 

$25  increased  to  $500.  Simpson  v. 
Robinson,  104  La.  180,  28  So.  908. 

244  Pqp  assault  on  a  passenger  by  the 
conductor  or  motorman  the  following 
verdicts  have  been  held  inadequate: 

Eighty-five  cents.  Hanson  v.  Ur- 
bana  &  C.  E.  S.  Ry.,  75  111.  App.  474. 

$5.  Samuels  v.  New  York  City  Ry., 
52  Misc.  137,  101  N.  Y.  Supp.  534. 

$200.  Tourtelotte  v.  Westchester 
Electric  Ry.,  120  App.  Div.  417,  105 
N.  Y.  Supp.  50. 

'^^  For  assault  and  battery  a  verdict 
of  |1  was  held  inadequate  in  Dunbar  v. 
Cowger,  68  Ark.  444,  59  S.  W.  951. 

^'^^  For  personal  injuries  the  following 
damages  have  been  held  inadequate: 

$5.  Moseley  v.  Jamison,  68  Miss 
336,  8  So.  744. 

$15.  Kelly  v.  Rochester,  15  N.  Y. 
Supp.  29,  60  Hun,  582. 

$55.  Saperstone  v.  Rochester  Ry., 
25  App.  Div.  285,  49  N.  Y.  Supp.  486. 

$100;  increased  to  $600.  Sullivan  v. 
Vicksburg  S.  &  P.  R.  R.,  39  La.  Ann. 
800,  2  So.  586,  4  Am.  St.  Rep.  239. 

$100.  Ellsworth  v.  Fairbury,  41 
Neb.  881,  60  N.  W.  336. 

1100.  Maher  v.  Schulang,  117  N.  Y. 
Supp.  928. 

$150.  Fahlbusoh  v.  Brooklyn  Heights 
R.  R.,  129  N.  Y.  Supp.  877. 

1250.  Byrd  v.  Texas  Midland  R.  R. 
(Tex.  Civ.  App.),  99  S.  W.  734. 

$300.  Harris  v.  Scher,  63  Misc.  288, 
116  N.  Y.  Supp.  722. 

$400,  loss  of  eye,  actual  expense  and 


loss  of  time  twice  amount  of  verdict. 
De  Freitas  v.  Nunes,  130  111.  App. 
195. 

$500,  loss  of  arm.  Townsend  v. 
Briggs,  88  Cal.  230,  26  Pac.  108. 

$500,  permanent  injuries,  eight 
months'  loss  of  time.  Loyacano  v. 
Jurgens,  50  La.  Ann.  441,  23  So.  717. 

$500,  mental  anguish  and  terror. 
Warner  v.  Talbot,  112  La.  817,  36  So. 
743. 

$500,  permanent  stiffness  of  arm. 
Richardson  v.  Missouri  P.  B.  Co.,  122 
Mo.  App.  529,  99  S.  W-  778. 

$500,  permanent  injury,  $400  ex- 
penses. Morrissey  v.  Westchester 
Electric  Ry.,  30  App.  Div.  424,  51 
N.  Y.  Supp.  945. 

$1,000,  loss  of  part  of  hand.  Rossey 
V.  Lawrence,  123  La.  1053,  49  So. 
704. 

$1,500,  loss  of  right  hand,  value  of 
time  equal  to  amount.  Abotin  v. 
Heney,  62  Wash.  65,  113  Pac.  245. 

$2,000,  loss  of  leg;  increased  to 
$5,000.  Taylor  v.  Louisiana  &  N.  W. 
R.  R.,  129  La.  000,  55  So.  732. 

$2,500,  loss  of  leg.  Danna  v.  Monroe, 
129  La.  000,  55  So.  741. 

$2,525,  injury  to  eyesight  and  heart. 
Toledo  R.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Mason,  81  Oh. 
St.  463,  91  N.  E.  292. 

$3,450,  permanent  crippling.  Alton 
V.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  107  Minn. 
457,  120  N.  W.  749. 

$10,000,  complete  disability;  in- 
creased to  $15,000.  Englert  v.  New 
Orleans  R.  &  L.  Co.,  128  La.  473,  54 
So.  963. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
upheld; 


2756 


EXCESSIVE   OR  INADEQUATE  DAMAGES 


§1372 


§  1372.  Death. 

In  actions  for  death,  as  in  other  actions,  the  courts  may  set 
aside  verdicts  as  inadequate;  and  the  cases  in  which  verdicts 
are  considered  for  the  death  of  a  person  whose  life  is  of  pe- 
cuniary value  are  governed  by  the  same  considerations  as 
cases  in  which  similar  verdicts  for  personal  injury  are  claimed 
to  be  excessive.^*'  In  the  case  of  children  too  young  to  be  of 
service,  however,  in  order  for  their  life  to  be  of  pecuniary  value 
they  must  reach  an  age  to  be  useful;  and  thereafter  their  earn- 
ings during  minority  should  be  sufficiently  greater  than  the 
expense  of  maintenance  to  more  than  pay  the  whole  cost  of 
their  previous  maintenance,  with  interest;  otherwise  their 
death  is  not  a  pecuniary  loss.  Since  this  must  in  the  nature  of 
things  be  more  or  less  uncertain,  a  verdict  for  the  death  of  a 


$3,000.  Hall  V.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  Ry., 
145  la.  291,  122  N.  W.  894. 

$2,500.  Sehmidt  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S. 
P.  Ry.,  108  Mina.  329,  122  N.  W.  9. 

$2,000.  Joiner  v.  Texas  &  P.  Ry., 
128  La.  1050,  55  So.  670. 

$1,750.  KiUen  v.  North  Jersey  St. 
Ry.,  74  N.  J.  L.  286,  65  Atl.  836. 

$1,200.  Allison  v.  Frederieksburg 
(Va.),  71  S.  E.  525. 

$1,000.  Boggess  V.  Metropolitan 
St.  Ry.,  118  Mo.  328,  23  S.  W.  159,  24 
S.  W.  210. 

$800.  Lanpbier  v.  F.  Johnson  &  Son 
Co.,  117  La.  741,  42  So.  254. 

$750.  Cleaver  v.  Louisville  &  N.  R. 
R.,  100  S.  W.  223,  30  Ky.  Law  Rep. 
1059. 

$400.  Marcus  v.  Omaha  &  C.  B.  R. 
&  B.  Co.,  142  la.  84,  120  N.  W.  469. 

$167.  Robinson  v.  Waupaca,  77 
Wis.  544,  46  N.  W.  809. 

$150.  Kalembach  v.  Michigan  Cent. 
R.  R.,  87  Mieh.  500,  49  N.  W.  1082. 

$100.  Dowd  V.  Westinghouse  A.  B. 
Co.,  132  Mo.  579,  34  S.  W.  493. 

"'  For  the  death  of  an  adult  the  fol- 
lowing verdicts  have  been  held  inade- 
quate: 

One  cent.  James  ».  Richmond  &  D. 
R.  R.,  92  Ala.  231,  9  So.  335, 


$1.  Rawitzer  v.  St.  Paul  City  Ry., 
94  Minn.  494,  103  N.  W.  499. 

$150  ("a  travesty  of  justice"). 
Meyer  v.  Hart,  23  App.  Div.  131,  48 
N.  Y.  Supp.  904. 

$200  ("a  mockery  of  justice"). 
Mariani  v.  Dougherty,  46  Cal.  26. 

$500.  McCarty  v.  St.  Louis  Transit 
Co.,  192  Mo.  396,  91  S.  W.  132. 

$500.  Burns  ».  Merchants'  &  P.  O. 
Co.,  26  Tex.  Civ.  App.  223,  63  S.  W. 
1061. 

$3,250.  Usher  v.  Scranton  Ry.,  13 
Fed.  «5. 

£7,000.  Phillips  ».  London  &  S.  W. 
Ry.,  5  Q.  B.  D.  78. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  not  inadequate: 

$3,500.  Stewart  v.  Louisville  &  N. 
R.  R.,  125  S.  W.  154  (Ky.). 

$1,000.  Connor  v.  New  York,  28 
App.  Div.  186,  50  N.  Y.  Supp.  972. 

^Oa  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.  v. 
O'Neill,  68  Kan.  252,  74  Pac.  1105. 

$600.  Swanton  v.  King,  72  App. 
Div.  578,  76  N.  Y.  Supp.  528. 

$189.75.  De  Luna  i'.  Union  R.  R., 
130  App.  Div.  386,  114  N.  Y.  Supp. 
893. 

$55'.  Leahy  v.  Davis,  121  Mo.  227, 
25  S,  W.  941. 


§1372 


INADEQUATE  DAMAGES   FOR  DEATH 


2757 


child  will  seldom  be  so  clearly  inadequate  as  to  be  set  aside 
for  that  reason.  2^* 


2«  por  the  death  of  a  child  too  young 
for  his  labor  to  be  of  pecuniary  value 
the  following  verdicts  have  been  set 
aside  as  inadequate: 

$10.  Draper  v.  Tucker,  69  Neb. 
434,  95  N.  W.  1026. 

$300.  Willsen  v.  Metropolitan  St. 
Ry.,  74  N.  Y.  Supp.  774. 

$1,500;  increased  to  $3,000.  Burvant 
V.  Wolfe,  126  La.  787,  52  So.  1025. 

The  following  verdicts  have  been 
held  not  inadequate: 


$600.  Terhune  v.  Joseph  W.  Cody 
Contmcting  Co.,  72  App.  Div.  1,  76 
N.  Y.  Supp.  255. 

$375.  Reger  v.  Rochester  Ry.,  2 
App.  Div.  5,  37  N.  Y.  Supp.  520. 

$200.  Gubbitosi  ».  Rothschild,  75 
App.  Div.  477,  78  N.  Y.  Supp.  28G 
(reversing  74  N.  Y.  Supp.  775). 

Six  cents.  Silberstein  v.  Wm.  Wicke 
Co.,  29  Abb.  N.  C.  291,  22  N.  Y.  Supp. 
170. 


CHAPTER  LIX 


THE   CONFLICT  OF  LAWS 


1373. 

General  principles. 

§  1379. 

Presumption  as  to  legal  rate 

1374. 

Actions  against  telegraph 

of  interest. 

companies. 

1380. 

Exemplary  damages. 

1375. 

Action  on  a  bill  or  note. 

1381. 

Liquidated  damages. 

1376. 

Damages  for  death. 

1382. 

Medium  of  payment. 

1377. 

Rate  of  interest. 

1383. 

Matters  of  procedure. 

1378. 

Interest  on  judgments. 

§  1373.  General  principles. 

The  measure  of  damages  is,  as  has  been  seen,  a  question  of 
right  rather  than  of  remedy.  The  law,  as  a  result  of  the  breach 
of  a  contract  or  commission  of  a  tort,  creates  a  right  to  dam- 
ages which  is  equivalent  to  the  right  destroyed.  Not  merely 
the  existence  but  the  nature  of  this  right,  including  its  extent, 
is  determined  by  the  law  that  created  it,  as  matters  necessarily 
involved  in  the  very  creation  of  the  right.  "From  all  the  facts 
attending  the  injury,"  said  Pajntiter,  J.,  in  Louisville  &  Nash- 
ville Railroad  v.  Whitlow,^  "it  must  be  determined  whether 
the  defendant  has  incurred  a  hability  for  damages  and  the 
extent  of  it.  The  law  of  Tennessee  (the  place  of  injury)  must 
govern  in  fixing  the  liability  and  the  quantum  of  recovery.  It 
would  be  strange  to  apply  the  law  of  Tennessee  in  determining 
the  question  of  liability,  and  take  the  law  of  the  forum  to  fix 
the  measure  of  recovery."  In  accordance  with  these  principles, 
the  measxire  of  damages  is  regulated  by  the  law  that  creates  the 
right  of  action,  which  is,  in  the  case  of  a  tort,  the  law  of  the 
place  where  the  injury  occurred,^  and  in  the  case  of  breach  of 
contract,  the  law  of  the  place  where  the  breach  occurred,  that 
is,  the  law  of  the  place  of  performance.' 

'  United  States:  Sandham  v.  Grounds, 
94  Fed.  83,  36  C.  C.  A.  103. 

Massachusetts:  Meyer  v.  Estes,  164 
Mass.  457,  41  N.  B.  683. 

Missouri:  Matheny  v.  Stewart,  108 
Mo.  73,  78  S.  W.  1014. 

In  Atwood  V.  Walker,  179  Mass.  514, 


1  43  S.  W.  711,  19  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1931, 
41  L.  R.  A.  614;  and  see  a  learned  note, 
reaching  this  conclusion,  in  56  L.  R.  A. 
301. 

2  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Whitlow, 
43  S.  W.  711,  19  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1931,  41 
L.  R.  A.  614. 

2758 


§  1374         ACTIONS  AfiAlNST  TELEGRAPS  COMPANIES  27Sd 

Whether  the  damages  shall  be  assessed  in  a  single  lump  siim 
or  in  the  form  of  a  weekly  or  other  occasional  payment,  like 
other  questions  connected  with  the  measure  of  damages,  should 
be  determined  by  the  law  of  the  place  of  injury.  So  where, 
under  Mexican  law,  damages  arising  out  of  an  injury  are  not 
assessed  in  a  single  action,  in  which  past  and  prospective  dam- 
ages are  included,  but  damages  to  the  date  of  the  trial  only  are 
given,  a  court  in  the  United  States,  in  which  suit  is  brought 
for  a  personal  injury  in  Mexico,  will  not  carry  the  adjustment 
of  compensation  any  fm-ther  than  the  Mexican  court  would  do/ 

§  1374.  Actions  against  telegraph  companies. 

In  actions  against  telegraph  companies  the  cause  of  action 
may  soimd  in  contract,  for  a  non-feasance  in  failing  to  send  or 
to  dehver  a  telegram,  or  in  tort  for  a  misdelivery  or  other 
tortious  violation  of  the  pubhc  duty.  In  the  latter  case  the 
law  of  the  place  where  the  duty  is  violated  alone  should  govern 
the  measm-e  of  damages,  according  to  the  principles  already 
discussed;  in  the  former  case  it  might  be  possible  to  allege  a 
breach  of  contract  either  at  the  place  where  the  delay  occurred 
or  at  the  place  of  deUvery,  and  the  plaintiff  might  therefore 
claim  the  choice  of  the  two  laws.  And  it  is  so  held  ia  some 
jurisdictions.* 

In  several  jurisdictions,  however,  the  coini;  determines  the 
damages  entirely  in  accordance  with  the  law  of  the  place  from 
which  the  telegram  was  sent,  i.  e.,  the  place  where  the  contract 
was  made.® 

61  N.  E.  58  (where  the  place  of  making  '  Alabama:  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Hill, 

and  of  performance  appear  to  have  163  Ala.  18,  50  So.  248,  23  L.  R.  A. 

been  the  same),  the  comi;  intimated  (N.  S.)  648. 

that    where    they    are    different    the  Arkansas:   Western   U.    T.    Co.    v. 

measm-e  of  damages,  like  the  obligation  Woodard,  84  Ark.  323,  105  S.  W.  479; 

of  the  contract  itself,  is  determined  by  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Crenshaw,  93 

the  law  of  the  place  of  making.    This  Ark.  415,  125  S.  W.  420;  Western  U. 

notion  seems  to  lose  sight  of  the  fact  T.  Co.  v.  Chilton   (Ark.),  140  S.  W. 

that  the  right  to  damages  forms  no  26. 

part  of  the  original  obligation,  and  is  Kentucky:   Western   U.    T.    Co.    v. 

created,  not  by  the  contract,  but  by  Lacer,  122  Ky.  839,  93  S.  W.  34,  5  L. 

the  law  upon  breach  of  the  contract.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  751. 

*Evey  V.   Mexican   Cent.   Ry.,   81  «i\rort/!CaroKrM:  Hancock  v.  Western 

Fed.  294,  26  C.  C.  A.  407,  52  U.  S.  App.  U.  T.  Co.,  137  N.  C.  497,  49  S.  E.  952, 

118,  139,  38  L.  R.  A.  387.  69  L.  R.  A.  403;  Johnson  v.  Western  U. 


2760 


THE   CONFLICT   OF   LAWS 


§§  1375,  1376 


§  1376.  Action  on  a  bill  or  note. 

When  a  bill  of  exchange  is  protested  for  non-aceeptance  or 
non-payment,  the  drawer  is  Uable  to  damages  according  to  the 
law  of  the  place  where  it  was  drawn.'  If  suit  is  brought  in  a 
foreign  State,  and  there  is  no  proof  offered  of  the  law  where  the 
bill  is  drawn,  the  law  merchant  prevails,  and  re-exchange  is 
recovered.*  In  an  action  against  an  indorser  the  measure  of 
damages  is  governed  by  the  law  of  the  place  where  the  indorse- 
ment was  made.^  The  allowance  of  interest  is  governed  by  the 
law  of  the  place  of  payment.^" 

§  1376.  Damages  for  death. 

The  measure  of  damages  for  the  death  of  a  human  being,  in 
a  statutory  action  for  the  death,  depends  upon  the  law  of  the 
place  where  the  injury  was  committed;  "  and  the  method  in 
which  the  amount  recovered  is  to  be  distributed  is  also  de- 
termined by  that  law,  which  in  effect  gives  a  beneficial  interest 
in  the  amount  recovered  to  the  distributees.^^ 


T.  Co.,  144  N.  C.  410,  57  S.  E.  122,  10 
L.  R.  A.  (N.  S.)  256. 

Texas:  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Sloss,  45 
Tex.  Civ.  App.  153,  100  S.  W.  354,  and 
cases  cited;  Western  U.  T.  Co.  v. 
Young  (Tex.  Civ.  App.),  133  S.  W. 
512. 

'  United  States:  Bank  of  U.  S.  v. 
United  States,  2  How.  711,  2  L.  ed.  711. 

Alabama:  Crawford  v.  Branch  Bank 
at  Mobile,  6  Ala.  12,  41  Am.  Dec.  33. 

Connecticut:  Roe  v.  Jerome,  18  Conn. 
138. 

Louisiana:  Kuenzi  v.  Elvers,  14  La. 
Ann.  391. 

Missouri:  Price  v.  Page,  24  Mo.  65. 

New  York:  Cowperthwaite  v.  Shef- 
field, 1  Sandf.  416. 

England:  In  re  Commercial  Bank  of 
S.  Australia,  36  Ch.  D.  522. 

'  United  States:  Ex  parte  Heidelback, 
2  Low.  526. 

Pennsylvania:  Hazelhurst  v.  Kean,  4 
Yeates,  19;  Lennig  v.  Ralston,  23  Pa. 
137. 

In  Alabama  it  has  been  held  that 
in  the  absence  of  proof  of  the  foreign 


law  no  damages  can  be  recovered. 
Dickinson  v.  Branch  Bank  of  Mobile, 
12  Ala.  54.  In  Louisiana  the  foreign 
law  is  presumed,  in  the  absence  of  proof 
to  be  the  same  as  that  of  the  forum: 
Kuenzi  v.  Elvers,  14  La.  Ann.  391,  74 
Am.  Dec.  434. 

'  United  States:  Slacum  v.  Pomery,  6 
Cranch,  221,  3  L.  ed.  205. 

Alabama:  CuUum  v.  Casey,  9  Port. 
131,  33  Am.  Dec.  304. 

1°  Post,  §  1377. 

"  United  States:  Northern  Pac.  R.  R. 
V.  Babcock,  154  U.  S.  190,  14  Sup.  Ct. 
968,  38  L.  ed.  958;  Quinette  v.  Bisso, 
136  Fed.  825,  69  C.  C.  A.  503,  5  L.  R. 
A.  (N.  S.)  303;  The  Saginaw,  139  Fed. 
906. 

Kentucky:  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Graham,  98  Ky.  688,  34  S.  W.  229; 
Louisville  &  Nashville  R.  R.  v.  Whit- 
low, 43  S.  W.  711,  19  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1931, 
41  L.  R.  A.  614. 

^^  Kansas:  Hartley  v.  Hartley,  71 
Kan.  691,  81  Pac.  505. 

New  York:  In  re  Degaramo's  Estate, 
86  Hun,  390,  33  N.  Y.  Supp.  502. 


§  1377  RATE   OF   INTEREST  2761 

Where  a  statute  limits  the  amount  that  may  be  recovered 
in  an  action  for  death,  it  may  be  interpreted  as  forbidding  the 
recovery  of  a  greater  amount  in  the  courts  of  the  State,  no 
matter  where  the  death  was  caused.  In  that  case  it  becomes 
a  matter  of  remedy,  and  the  law  of  the  forum  will  be  applied.'' 
A  more  common  interpretation,  however,  confines  the  provision 
to  a  limitation  of  the  amount  recoverable  in  actions  based  upon 
the  local  statute;  and  if  such  is  the  interpretation,  it  will  not 
apply  to  actions  within  the  State  based  upon  a  foreign  stat- 
ute." 

§  1377.  Rate  of  interest. 

By  the  great  weight  of  authority,  and  in  accordance  with 
the  doctrines  already  discussed,  it  is  held  that  the  rate  of  in- 
terest allowed  as  damages  for  non-performance  of  a  contract 
expressly  performable  in  a  certain  place  is  regulated  by  the 
law  of  the  place  of  performance.'^  So  upon  a  bill  of  exchange 
or  promissory  note  the  rate  allowed  as  damages  for  non- 
payment at  maturity  is  the  rate  prevailing  at  the  place  of 
payment;  '^  and  the  sAme  rate  is  allowed  upon  the  non-payment 

"Wooden  v.  Western  N.  Y.   &  P.  Barb.  118  (debt);  Cartwrightu.  Greene, 

R.  R.,  126  N.  Y.  10,  26  N.  E.  1050,  13  47  Barb.  9  (price  of  goods  sold). 

L.  R.  A.  458,  22  Am.  St.  Rep.  803.  Pennsylvania:   Archer   v.    Dunn,    2 

'*  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.  v.  Babcock,  Watts  &  S.  327  (money  had  and  re- 

154  U.  S.  190,  14  Sup.  Ct.  968,  38  L.  ed.  ceived). 

958.  South  Carolina:  Stepp  v.  National 

"  United  States:  Pana  v.  Bowler,  107  Life  Ins.  Assoc,  37  S.  C.  417,  16  S.  E. 

U.  S.  529,  27  L.  ed.  424,  2  Sup.  Ct.  134  (insurance  policy).    See  Porter  v. 

704;  Goodwin  v.  Fox,  129  U.  S.  601,  9  Price,  80  Fed.  655,  26  C.  C.  A.  70. 

Sup.  Ct.  367,  32  L.  ed.  805  (account);  For  the  peculiar  doctrines  of  the  law 

In  re  Kirzinger,  14  Fed.  Cas.  No.  7,  of  Missouri  see:  Hall  v.  Woodson,  13 

862   (debt);   Ex  parte  Heidelback,   2  Mo.  462;  Carson  v.  Smith,   133  Mo. 

Low.  526  (debt).  606,  34  S.  W.  855;  Baltzer  v.  Kansas 

Louisiana:  Lesesne  v.  Cook,  16  La.  Pac.  R.  R.,  3  Mo.  App.  574. 

58  (account);  Ballister  v.  Hamilton,  3  "  United  States:  Bank  of  U.  S.  v. 

La.  Ann.  401  (price  of  goods  sold).  Daniel,  12  Pet.  32,  54,  9  L.  ed.  989; 

,     Mississippi:  Grangers  L.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Scudder  v.  Union  Bank,  91  U.  S.  406, 

Brown,  57  Miss.  308,  34  Am.  Rep.  446  23  L.  ed.  336  (semble);  Bank  of  111.  v. 

(insurance  policy).  Brady,  3  McLean,  268,  Fed.  Cas.  No. 

Nevada:  Sutro  Tunnel  Co.  v.  Segre-  888;  Price  v.  Teal,  4  McLean,  201. 

gated  B.  M.  Co.,  19  Nev.  121.  Alabama;    Hanrick    v.    Andrews,    9 

New  York:  Fanning  v.  Consequa,  17  Port.  9;  Dunn  v.  Clement,  2  Ala.  392; 

Johns.  511,  8  Am.  Dec.  442  (price  of  Dickinson  v.  Mobile  Branch  Bank,  12 

goods  sold);  Pomeroyw.  Ainsworth,  22  Ala.  54;  Hunt  v.  Hall,  37  Ala.  702; 


276^ 


*HB  CdNfLlC*  6r  LAWS 


§137? 


of  bonds  or  coupons."  Where  a  bill,  note,  or  other  contract 
does  not  expressly  name  a  place  of  payment  it  is  ordinarily  to 
be  regarded  as  payable  where  made,  and  the  interest  is  there- 
fore regulated  by  the  law  of  the  place  of  making;  ^*  and  it  is 


Cubbedge  v.  Napier,  62  Ala.  518; 
Hayes  v.  Southern  H.  B.  &  L.  Ass'n., 
124  Ala.  663,  26  So.  527. 

Arkansas:  Clark  v.  Taylor,  69  Ark. 
612,  65  S.  W.  110,  86  Am.  St.  Rep. 
215. 

Indiana:  Lefler  v.  Dermotte,  18  Ind. 
246. 

Iowa:  Butters  v.  Olds,  11  la.  1. 

Kentucky:  Holley  v.  HoUey,  Litt. 
Sel.  Cas.  505,  12  Am.  Dec.  342. 

Louisiana:  Bapice  v.  Smith,  13  La. 
91,  33  Am.  Dec.  555;  Bent  v.  Lauve,  3 
La.  Ann.  88;  BaUister  v.  Hamilton,  3 
La.  Ann.  401;  Hawley  v.  Sloo,  12  La. 
Ann.  815. 

Mississippi:  Chambliss  v.  Robertson, 
23  Miss.  302. 

New  Jersey:  Healy  v.  Gorman,  15 
N.  J.  L.  328. 

New  York:  Foden  v.  Sharp,  4  Johns. 
183;  Scofield  v.  Day,  20  Johns.  102,  11 
Am.  Dec.  249;  U.  S.  Bank  v.  Chapin, 
9  Wend.  471;  Simpson  v.  Hefter,  42 
Misc.  482,  87  N.  Y.  Supp.  243. 

North  Carolina:  Roberts  v.  McNeely, 
52  N.  C.  506,  78  Am.  Dec.  261. 

Pennsylvania:  Mullen  v.  Morris,  2 
Pa.  85;  Wood  v.  Kelso,  27  Pa.  241; 
Mills  V.  Wilson,  88  Pa.  118. 

South  Carolina:  Bain  v.  Ackworth, 
1  Mill,  107;  McCandlish  v.  Cruger,  2 
Bay,  377. 

Tennessee:  Frierson  v.  Galbraith,  12 
Lea,  129;  Cooper  v.  Sandford,  4  Yerg. 
452. 

Texas:  Wheeler  v.  Pope,  5  Tex.  262; 
Andrews  v.  Hoxey,  5  Tex.  171;  Sum- 
mers V.  Mills,  21  Tex.  77. 

Vermont:  Peck  v.  Mayo,  14  Vt.  33, 
39  Am.  Dec.  205;  Austin  v.  Imus,  23 
Vt.  286. 

England:  Gibbs  v.  Fremont,  9  Ex. 
25;  Champant  v.  Ranelagh,  Prec.  Ch. 
128;  Robinson  v.  Bland,  2  Burr.  1077; 


Cooper  t).  Waldegrave,  2  Beav.  282, 
17  Eng.  Ch.  282. 

"  United  States:  Scotland  County 
V.  Hill,  132  U.  S.  107,  10  Sup.  Ct.  26, 
33  L.  ed.  261;  Coghlan  v.  South  Caro- 
lina R.  R.,  142  U.  S.  101,  12  Sup.  Ct. 
150,  35  L.  ed.  951;  Columbus  S.  &  H. 
R.  R.  Appeals,  48  Fed.  275,  48  C.  C. 
A.  275  (but  see  Fauntleroy  v.  Han- 
nibal, 5  Dill.  219). 

Indiana:  Gray  v.  State,  72  Ind.  567. 

But  on  the  bonds  of  a  state,  which 
is  liable  for  interest  only  by  its  own 
consent  {ante,  §  338),  no  interest  is 
allowed  except  it  is  given  by  the  laws 
of  the  state  in  question,  no  matter 
where  the  bonds  are  for  convenience 
made  payable.  U.  S.  o.  N.  Carolina, 
136  U.  S.  211,  34  L.  ed.  336,  10  Sup. 
Ct.  920. 

"  Bilh  and  notes: 

United  States:  Courtois  v.  Carpentier, 
6  Fed.  Cas.  No.  3,  286,  1  Wash.  376, 
494;  Cowqua  v.  Lauderbrun,  6  Fed. 
Cas.  No.  3,299,  1  Wash.  521. 

Kentucky:  Templeton  v.  Sharp,  9 
S.  W.  507,  696,  10  Ky.  L.  Rep.  499. 

Louisiana:  Hawley  v.  Sloo,  12  La. 
Ann.  815. 

New  York:  Foden  v.  Sharp,  4  Johns. 
183. 

Pennsylvania:  Clark  v.  Searight,  135 
Pa.  173,  19  Atl.  941,  20  Am.  St.  Rep. 
868. 

Bonds: 

Pennsylvania:  Irvine  v.  Barrett,  2 
Grant,  73. 

Rhode  Island:  Kavanaugh  v.  Day,  10 
R.  I.  393,  14  Am.  Rep.  691. 

England:  Connor  v.  Bellamont,  2 
Atk.  382. 

Contracts  for  payment  of  money: 

United  States:  Wittkowski  v.  Harris, 
64  Fed.  712  (account);  Evans  v.  White, 
Hempst.  296. 


§13^7 


BATE  OF  INTEREST 


2763 


sometimes  said  generally  that  interest  is  regulated  by  the  law 
of  the  place  where  the  obligation  is  made."  In  accordance 
with  these  principles,  a  consignor  is  entitled  to  interest  accord- 
ing to  the  law  of  the  place  to  which  the  goods  were  consigned 
for  sale.^"  Where  the  plaintiff  performed  services  at  Val- 
paraiso, the  defendant  hved  in  Boston,  and  the  action  was 
brought  in  New  York,  interest  has  been  allowed  from  the 
commencement  of  the  suit  at  the  rate  of  the  lex  fori,  the  court 
saying,  "especially  as  no  rate  is  fixed  by  the  contract,  and  no 
place  designated  for  its  performance."  ^^ 

Where  property  is  converted  or  destroyed  by  a  tort,  it  has 
been  held  that  interest  on  the  value  should  be  allowed  at  the 
rate  of  the  place  where  the  cause  of  action  accrued;  ^^  and  the 
same  is  true  in  actions  for  the  death  of  a  human  being.  ^' 

In  Massachusetts,  however,  a  different  view  is  taken,  and 
it  is  held  that  the  rate  of  interest  is  regulated  by  the  law  of 
the  forum.  ^* 


Colorado:  Beckwith  v.  Talbot,  2 
Colo.  639  (price  of  goods  sold). 

Maryland:  Costigan  v.  Sewall,  6  Gill, 
232  (debt). 

New  York:  Stewart  v.  Ellice,  2 
Paige,  604  (debt). 

Souih  Carolina:  Quince  v.  Callender, 
1  Desaus.  160  (marriage  settlement). 

"  United  States:  Slacum  v.  Pomery, 
6  Cranch,  221,  3  L.  ed.  206;  Courtois 
V.  Carpentier,  1  Wash.  C.  C.  376;  Jaf- 
fray  v.  Dennis,  13  Fed.  Cas.  No.  7,  171. 

Alabama:  Evans  v.  Clark,  1  Port. 
388. 

Kentucky:  Russell  v.  Shepherd,  Har- 
din, 44;  Cocke  v.  Conigmaker,  1  A.  K. 
Marsh.  254;  Ingraham  v.  Arnold,  1  J. 
J.  Marsh.  406;  Pawling  v.  Sartain,  4 
J.  J.  Marsh.  238. 

Louisiana:  Nalle  f .  Ventress,  19  La. 
Ann.  373. 

Maine:  Stickney  v.  Jordan,  58  Me. 
106,  4  Am.  Rep.  251. 

New  Jersey:  Hoppins  v.  Miller,  17 
N.  J.  L.  185. 

North  'Carolina:  Davis  v.  Coleman, 
33  N.  C.  303. 


Pennsylvania:  Mullen  v.  Morris,  2 
Pa.  85. 

South  Carolina:  Winthrop  v.  Pepoon, 
1  Bay,  468;  Gaillard  v.  Ball,  1  N.  & 
McC.  67. 

Texas:  Cooke  v.  Crawford,  1  Tex.  9, 
46  Am.  Dec.  93;  Burton  v.  Anderson, 
1  Tex.  93;  Able  v.  McMurray,  10  Tex. 
350;  Ingram  v.  Drinkard,  14  Tex.  351; 
Bailey  v.  Heald,  17  Tex.  102;  Pauska 
V.  Daus,  31  Tex.  67. 

Vermont:  Porter  v.  Munger,  22  Vt. 
191. 

2"  Fanning  v.  Consequa,  17  Johns. 
511,  8  Am.  Dec.  442. 

"  Goddard  v.  Foster,  17  Wall.  123, 
21  L.  ed.  589. 

22  Louisiana:  Holmes  v.  Barclay,  4 
La.  Ann.  64. 

England:  Ekins  v.  East  India  Co.,  1 
P.  Wms.  395. 

"Kiefer  v.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  12 
App.  Div.  28,  42  N.  Y.  Supp.  171,  26 
N.  Y.  Civ.  Proc.  147;  Frounfelker  v. 
Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.,  73  App.  Div. 
350,  76  N.  Y.  Supp.  745. 

"  Grimshaw  v.  Bender,  6  Mass.  157; 


2764 


THE   CONFLICT  OF   LAWS 


§1378 


§  1378.  Interest  on  judgments. 

A  foreign  judgment,  by  the  prevailing  view,  bears  interest 
according  to  the  law  of  the  place  where  it  was  rendered;  ^^  and 
this  is  in  accordance  with  the  general  principles  already  dis- 
cussed. So  in  Virginia,  in  an  action  on  a  foreign  judgment, 
after  the  defendant's  demurrer  overruled,  the  court  awarded 
a  writ  of  inquiry  to  assess  damages;  which  would  be  necessary 
only  if  interest  were  to  be  awarded  at  the  foreign  rate.^"  And 
in  California  it  has  been  held  that  in  the  absence  of  evidence  a 
foreign  judgment  wiU  be  presumed  not  to  bear  interest."  In 
a  few  jurisdictions,  however,  it  has  been  held  that  on  a  foreign 
judgment  interest  is  recoverable  at  the  rate  of  the  forum, 
though  it  does  not  appear  whether  the  judgment  bore  interest 
by  the  law  of  the  country  where  it  was  rendered.  ^^ 

It  has  been  intimated  that  the  foreign  law  as  to  interest 
must  be  carried  out  in  order  to  give  "full  effect  and  credit"  to 
the  judgment  of  another  State. ^'  But  in  Massachusetts,  with 
more  reason,  it  has  been  held  that  the  rate  of  interest  is  not 
part  of  the  judgment,  and  no  effect  need  constitutionally  be 


Ayer  v.  Tilden,  15  Gray,  178,  77  Am. 
Dec.  355;  Ives  v.  Farmers'  Bank,  2 
Allen,  236.  (See  French  v.  French,  126 
Mass.  360.) 

In  Indiana,  Kopelke  v.  Kopeike,  112 
Ind.  435,  13  N.  E.  695,  it  was  held  that 
where  a  promissory  note  is  not  payable 
in  any  particular  place,  the  rate  of 
interest  is  governed  by  the  law  of  the 
forum. 

''  United  States:  Whitman  v.  Citizens' 
Bank,  110  Fed.  503,  49  C.  C.  A.  122. 

Alabama:  Hunt  v.  Mayfield,  2  Stew. 
124;  Murray  v.  Cone,  8  Port.  250;  Har- 
rison V.  Harrison,  20  Ala.  629,  56  Am. 
Dec.  227. 

California:  Thompson  v.  Monrow,  2 
Cal.  99,  56  Am.  Dec.  318;  Stewart  v. 
Spaulding,  72  Cal.  264,  13  Pac.  661. 

Michigan:  Schroeder  v.  Boyce,  127 
Mich.  33,  86  N.  W.  387. 

Ohio:  Neil  v.  Bank,  50  Oh.  St.  193,  33 
N.  E.  720. 

Pennsylvania:  Ralph  v.  Brown,  3  W. 
&  S.  395. 


South  Carolina:  Lambkin  v.  Nance, 

2  Brev.  99. 

2=  Clarke  v.  Day,  2  Leigh,  172. 

"  Cavender  v.  Guild,  4  Cal.  250.  It 
will  be  noted  that  interest  in  California 
is  allowed  on  judgments  only  by 
statute,  not  by  the  common  law. 

^  Illinois:  Prince  v.  Lamb,  Breese, 
378. 

Massachusetts:  Parker  v.  Thompson, 

3  Pick.  429;  Barringer  v.  King,  5  Gray, 
9;  Hopkins  v.  Shepard,  129  Mass.  600. 

Missouri:  Shickle  v.  Watts,  94  Mo. 
410,  7  S.  W.  274. 

New  York:  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  v. 
Davis,  105  N.  Y.  670,  12  N.  E.  42. 

South  Carolina:  Nelson  v.  Felder,  7 
Rich.  Eq.  395. 

Washington:  Olson  v.  Veazie,  9  Wash. 
481,  37  Pac.  677,  43  Am.  St.  Rep.  855. 

^'  United  States:  Whitman  v.  Citizens' 
Bank,  110  Fed.  503. 

Pennsylvania:  Schell  i'.  Stetson,  12 
Phila.  187. 


§§  1379,  1380  EXEMPLARY  DAMAGES  2765 

given  to  it;  even  when  the  judgment  by  its  terms  bears  inter- 
est, this  is  not  an  integral  part  of  the  judgment,  and  interest  is 
allowed  at  the  domestic  rate.'" 

§  1379.  Presumption  as  to  legal  rate  of  interest. 

In  most  jurisdictions  it  is  said  that  if  the  foreign  rate  is  not 
proved  it  will  be  presimied  to  be  the  same  as  the  domestic  rate." 
It  is  sometimes  said,  however,  that  where  interest  is  to  be 
recovered  at  a  foreign  rate,  and  no  evidence  is  offered  of  such  a 
rate,  there  can  be  no  recovery  of  interest.'^ 

§  1380.  Exemplary  damages. 

Whether  exemplary  damages  shall  be  allowed  or  not  de- 
pends upon  the  law  of  the  place  where  the  cause  of  action 
arose.'*  But  it  would  seem  that  if  such  damages  are  not  al- 
lowed by  the  law  of  the  forum  they  cannot  be  recovered  there. 
The  damages  would  be  regarded,  at  least  by  the  court  of  the 
forum,  as  punitive,  and  therefore  not  to  be  enforced  in  a  foreign 
court.  In  Higgins  v.  Central  New  England  &  Western  Rail- 
road '*  it  is  assumed  that  exemplary  damages,  though  allowed 
in  the  State  where  the  tort  was  committed,  cannot  be  recov- 
ered in  Massachusetts,  where  such  damages  are  not  allowed. 
In  an  action  for  personal  injury  suffered  in  Mexico,  but  tried  in 
Texas,  it  appeared  that  by  Mexican  law,  the  court  could 
award  an  indemnity  at  its  discretion,  considering  the  social 
position  of  the  party  injured,  etc.  This  was  objected  to  as 
contrary  to  natural  justice  and  the  policy  of  our  law,  but  the 

"  Clark  V.  Child,  136  Mass.  344.  472,  59  N.  W.  838;  Hallam  v.  Telleren, 

"  Illinois:  Warren  v.  McCarty,  25  65  Neb.  255,  75  N.  W.  560. 

111.  95;  Deem  v.  Crume,  46  111.  69;  Hall  New  Hampshire:  Lougee  v.  Wash- 

V.  Kimball,  58  111.  58.  burn,  16  N.  H.  134. 

Kentucky:  Thomas  v.   Beckman,   1  Texas:  Pauska  v.  Daus,  31  Tex.  67. 

B.  Mon.  29;  Reynolds  v.  Powers,  96  Vermont:  Porter  v.  Hunger,  22  Vt. 

Ky.  481,  29  S.  W.  299,  17  Ky.  L.  Rep.  191. 

1059.  "  Kermott  v.  Ayer,  11  Mich.  181. 

Minnesota:  Desnoyer  v.  McDonald,  "  Kentucky:  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R. 

4  Minn.  515.  v.  Smith,  135  Ky.  462,  122  S.  W.  806; 

Missouri:  Crone  v.  Dawson,  19  Mo.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Lynch,  126  S. 

App.  214.  W.  362,  137  Ky.  696. 

Nebraska:  Fitzgerald  v.  Rtzgerald  &  Mississippi:  Pullman  P.  C.  Co.  v. 

Mallory  Construction  Co.,  41  Neb.  374,  Lawrence,  74  Miss.  782,  22  So.  53. 

"  155  Mass.  176,  29  N.  E.  634. 


2766  THE  CONFLICT  OF  LAWS  §§  1381-1383 

question  did  not  really  arise  as  the  plaintiff  only  claimed 
compensation.'^ 

§  1381.  Liquidated  damages. 

The  allowance  of  stipulated  damages  involves  a  question  of 
pubUc  policy,  which,  as  always,  is  for  the  law  of  the  forum. 
Thus  an  agreement  in  a  promissory  note  for  the  recovery  of  a 
certain  amount  as  attorney's  fee,  for  costs  of  collection,  is  an 
agreement  for  liquidated  damages.  If  such  damages  are  not 
allowed,  it  is  because  the  collection  of  them  is  regarded  as  the 
exaction  of  a  penalty  contrary  to  public  policy;  and  the  public 
policy  enforced  by  a  court  is  that  of  the  forum.  If,  therefore, 
by  the  law  of  the  forum  the  recovery  of  such  stipulated  dam- 
ages is  not  permitted,  it  will  be  refused  upon  a  foreign  claim 
as  well  as  upon  a  domestic  one.'* 

§  1382.  Medium  of  pajmient. 

The  question,  in  what  currency  an  obligation  must  be  paid, 
also  depends  upon  the  law  of  the  place  of  payment.'''  So 
where  an  invoice  of  goods  was  shipped  from  England  to  New 
York  and  there  sold,  the  balance  was  payable  in  United  States 
legal  tender,  and  not  in  gold,  the  currency  of  England.'^ 

§  1383.  Matters  of  procedure. 

On  all  matters  of  procedure  in  the  matter  of  damages  the 
law  of  the  forum  governs.  So  on  the  question  of  the  method 
of  reducing  expected  future  damages  to  a  present  cash  amount, 
the  method  of  the  forum  will  be  adopted.'^  And  so  costs  are 
to  be  allowed  in  accordance  with  the  practice  of  the  forum.^" 
The  administration  among  claimants  of  a  fund  in  court  is  a 
matter  of  procedure,  not  of  right,  since  all  the  claimants  have 
a  right,  and  the  question  at  issue  is  how  to  satisfy  the  claims, 

56  Evey  V.  Mexican  Cent.  Ry.,  81  Michigan:  Comstock  v.   Smith,   20 

Fed.  294,  26  C.  C.  A.  407,  52  U.  S.  Mich.  338. 

App.  118,  141,  38  L.  R.  A.  387.  =»  Benners  v.  Clemens,  58  Pa.  24. 

'^  Nebraska:  Security  Co.  v.  Eyer,  36  "  Georgia  F.  &  A.  Ry.  v.  Sasser,  4 

Neb.  507,  64  N.  W.  838.  Ga.  App.  276,  61  S.  E.  505. 

Oregon:  Commercial  Nat.   Bank  v.  *>  Higgins  v.  Central  N.  E.  &  W.  R. 

Davidson,  18  Ore.  57,  22  Pac.  517.  R.,    155    Mass.    176,    29    N.    E.    534 

"  California:    Grunwald   v.   Freese,  (semhle).    So  of  expenses  of  distribu- 

34  Pac.  73,  tion;  In  re  Adlum's  Estate,  22  Pa.  514, 


§  1383  MATTERS   OF   PROCEDURE  2767 

SO  far  as  is  possible,  out  of  the  fund — a  matter  of  procedure. 
So  the  allowance  of  preferences  in  the  administration  of  a  fund 
is  for  the  law  of  the  forum.^^  For  this  reason  the  allowance  of 
general  average  is  adjusted  according  to  the  law  of  the  forum;  ^^ 
for  this  is  not  a  question  of  the  nature  of  rights,  but  of  the 
method  by  which  existing  rights  shall  be  satisfied  out  of  a  fund 
in  court,  which  is  not  a  matter  of  right  but  of  remedy. 

*i  United  States:  Smith  v.  Bank,  5  "  Massachusetts:  Loring  v.  Neptune 

Pet.  518,  8  L.  ed.  212.  Ins.  Co.,  20  Pick.  548. 

England:  Pardo  v.  Bingham,  L.  R.  England:  Simonds  v.  White,  2  B.  & 

6  Eq.  485;  In  re  Kloebe,  28  Ch.  D.  175.  C.  805. 


TABLE  OF  CASES 


[References  are  to  sections] 


A 


A.  Cohen  &  Co.  v.  Rittiman,  948 
A.  Cusimano  &  Co.  v.  Olive  Oil  Im- 
porting Co.,  1246c 
A.  Denicke,  The,  156 
A.  J.  Anderson  Electric  Co.   v.  Cle- 
burne, W.  I.  &  L.  Co.,  156,  618 
A.  L.  Clark  Lumber  Co.  v.  Johns,  180a, 

1347 
A.  P.  Brantley  Co.  v.  Johnson,  1053 
Aaron  v.  Moore,  673/ 

V.  Second  Ave.  R.  R.,  484 

ii.  Southern  Ry.,  357 

V.  Ward,  8736 
Abbey  v.  Mace,  607 
Abbott  V.  Allen,  973 

V.  Detroit,  482,  485 

V.  Gatch,  186,  645,  1067 

V.  Gillespy,  649 

V.  Hapgood,  742,  742o 

V.  Inskip,  673a 

V.  Land  &  Water  Co.,  3836 

V.  Light,  etc.,  Co.,  1148 

V.  McCadden,  578 

V.  Milwaukee   L.   H.    &   T.   Co., 
1149a,  llS2a 

*.  Sebor,  711 

V.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R.,  1162 

V.  Stewartstown,  1160a 

V.  Stinchfield,  311c 

V.  Tolliver,  488 

V.  Wyse,  750 
Abby  M.  Deering,  The,  589 
Abel  V.  Minneapolis,  1112a 
Abeles  v.  Western  Union  Tel.  Co.,  107a 
AbeU  V.  Munson,  1295 

i;.  Penn  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
Abendroth    v.    Manhattan    Railway, 
1194 

V.  N.  Y.  Elevated  R.  R.,  1194 
Aber  v.  Bratton,  183,  196,  536,  537 

174 


Aberdeen  v.  Blackmar,  793 

V.  Bradford,  924 

V.  Honey,  676 
Aberdeen  Coal  &  Mining  Co.  v.  Evans- 

ville,  999/ 
Abemathy  v.  Black,  673/ 
Abilene  v.  Wright,  483 
Abom  V.  Mason,  499 
Abotin  V.  Heney,  1371 
Abrahams  v.  Cooper,  457,  458 
Abrahamson  v  Cummings,  762 

V.  Lamberson,  102a,  3016 
Abrams  v.  Ervin,  929a 

V.  Milwaukee,  L.  S.  &  W.  Ry.,  851 

V.  Watson,  9996 
Abshire  v.  Cline,  452 
Accessory  T.  Co.  v.  McCerren,  682a 
Accumulator  Co.  v.  Dubuque  St.  R.  R., 

767 
Acers  v.  Curtis,  807a 
Achey  v.  Hall,  933 
Acker  ».  Knoxville,  1172a 
Ackerman  v.  Emott,  344 

V.  King,  536a 

V.  Rubens,  755 

».  True,  947 
Ackerson  v.  Erie  Ry.,  380,  481 
Acme  Cycle  Co.  v.  Clarke,  153,  199 
Acme  Food  Co.  v.  Older,  753 
Acre  V.  Bufford,  534 
Acrea  v.  Brayton,  936,  943 
Acton  V.  Pierce,  675c 
Adair  v.  Bogle,  984,  984o 
Adam  v.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  Ry.,  937, 
937a 

V.  Gomila,  237,  682a 
Adamant  P.  M.  Co.  v.  Nat.  Bank  of 

Commerce,  655 
Adams  v.  Adams,  55  N.  J.  Eq.  42;  301c, 
302a 

V.  Adams,  10  Leigh,  527;  345 

V.  Barber,  1027 

2769 


2770 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[Referencea  are  to  sections] 


Adams  v.  Barry,  1265 

V.  Bement,  3115 

V.  Blankenstein,  853 

V.  Blodgett,  317,  934,  943 

V.  Burton,  1027 

V.  Byerly,  636(i 

V.  Conover,  975 

V.  Cordis,  229,  275 

V.  Cox,  667 

V.  Dunham  &  N.  R..R.,  932 

V.  Fitzpatrick,  664 

V.  Fort  Plain  Bank,  308a,  314 

V.  Gardner,  1268 

V.  Gillam,  565a 

V.  Haught,  841 

V.  H.  &  D.  R.  R.,  95 

V.  Keystone  Mfg.  Co.,  1230a 

V.  Lambard,  311c 

V.  Lawson,  445 

V.  Lorraine  Mfg.  Co.,  363 

V.  McMillan,  1023 

V.  Midland  R.  R.,  1325 

V.  Mo.  Pac.  Ry.,  1348 

V.  New  Jersey  Steamboat  Co.,  873 

V.  Nichols,  655c 

V.  O'Connor,  76 

V.  Oklahoma  City,  1152a 

V.  Pahner,  298 

V.  Peterman  Mfg.  Co.,  1357 

V.  Pugh,  665 

V.  Rivers,  365 

V.  St.  Johnsbury  &  L.  C.  R.  R., 
1148 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  361 

V.  Salina,  361,  3806 

V.  Smith,  47,  451 

V.  Turrentine,  554 

V.  Way,  325 

V.  Woonsocket  Co.,  649 

V.  Wright,  537,  540 

V.  WyUe,  1052 
Adams  &  F.  Harvester  Co.  v.  Tomhn- 

son,  789 
Adams  Express  Co.  v.  Egbert,  200 

V.  Hoeing,  844,  851 

V.  Milton,  314 
Adamson  v.  Adamson,  650 

».  Jarvis,  834 

V.  Petersen,  81 

V.  Raymer,  448a 


Adamson  v.  Reid,  311c 

V.  Rose,  982,  1006 
Adcock  V.  Marsh,  445 

V.  Oregon  R.  &  N.  Co.,  1270 
Addams  v.  Heffeman,  345 

V.  Tutton,  613 
Adden  v.  White  Mt.  R.  R.,  1148,  1166 
Adderley  v.  Dixon,  636ot 
Addis  V.  Gramophone  Co.,  665,  675 
Addison  F.  M.  Co.  v.  Lake  S.  &  M.  S. 

Ry.,  95,  924 
Adkins  v.  Hudson,  909a 

V.  Kendrick,  47 

V.  Tomlison,  966,  975 

V.  Waite,  3146 
Adlard  v.  Muldoon,  656 
Adler  v.  Newcomb,  676 
Adoue  V.  Wettermark,  565d 
Advance  E.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Eddy,  70 
Advertiser  Co.  v.  Jones,  452 
Ady  V.  Freeman,  685A;,  6852 
Mtna.   Indemnity   Co.   v.    George   A. 

Fuller  Co.,  648a 
.S;tna  Ins.  Co.  v.  Glasgow  E.  L.  Co., 
726 

V.  Johnson,  722 

V.  Tyler,  725 
Mtaa,  Life  Ins.  Co.  v.  Nexsen,  666,  834e 

V.  Paul,  730 
.Sltna  S.  &  I.  Works  v.  Kossuth  County, 

657 
Agate  V.  Lowenbein,  932,  999g 
Agius  V.  Great  Western  ColUery  Co., 

742 
Agnew  V.  Johnson,  1261 
Agra  &  Ehzabeth  Jenkins,  The,  587 
Agricultural   &    M.    Assoc,    v.    State, 

573a,  575,  576 
Agricultural  Ins.  Co.  v.  Yates,  725 
Ahein  v.  O'Brien,  762 
Ahem  v.  Connell,  564 
AM  V.  Ahl,  676 
Ahrens  v.  Fenton,  364,  1344 
Aiken  v.  Bloodgood,  655 

V.  Leathers,  237 

V.  McDonald,  976,  978 

V.  Peay,  304 

V.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  878 
Ainsa  v.  Moses,  44a,  564 
Ainsley  v.  Jordan,  302 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2771 


Ainslie  v.  Wilson,  796,  800 
Ainsworth  v.  Backus,  623 

V.  Partillo,  822 

V.  Ritt,  999e 
Airey  v.  Pullman  Palace  Car  Co.,  864 
Aitchison  v.  Lohre,  715 
Aitkin  v.  Emsthausen,  858 
Akard  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894(i 
Aken  v.  Clark,  627a 
Akerley  v.  Haines,  473,  476 
Akersloot  v.  Second  Ave.   Ry.,  1356, 

1365 
Akron  v.  M'Comb,  1157 
Alabama  v.  Lett,  301 
Alabama,  The,  4  Woods,  48;  587 
Alabama,  The,  92  U.  S.  695;  599 
Alabama  &  F.  R.  R.  v.  Burkett,  42 
Ala.  83;  1133 

V.  Burkett,  46  Ala.  669;  1165 
Alabama  &  Gamecock,  The,  588 
Alabama  &  Great  Southern  R.  R.  v. 

Little,  851 
Alabama  &  V.  Ry.  v.  Gibbs,  1328 

V.  Bloom,  1123 

V.  Hanes,  868 
Alabama  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Musgrove,  1164 
Alabama  C.  C.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Vines,  947 
Alabama  C.  G.  &  A.  Ry.j).  Appleton, 
486o 

V.  Brady,  856a 
Alabama  Chemical  Co.  v.  Geiss,  734, 

740 
Alabama  Co.  v.  Slaton,  122 
Alabama  G.  L.  I.    Co.  v.  Garmany, 

730 
Alabama  G.  S.  R.  R.  v.  Arnold,  368, 
1263 

V.  Arrington,  387 

V.  Bailey,  484 

V.  Burgess,  1347,  1365 

V.  Carroll,  490 

V.  Frazier,  380 

V.  Heddleston,  868 

V.  Hill,  41a,  170a,  368 

V.  McAlpine,  318 

V.  Sellers,  361,  372 

V.  Siniard,  483 

V.  Tapia,  45a 

V.  Yarbrough,  180,  485a 
Alabama  I.  W.  v.  Hurley,  197 


Alabama  Mineral  R.  R.  v.  Jones,  114 
Ala.  519;  674a 
V.  Jones,  121  Ala.  113;  101 
Alabama  State  Land  Co.  v.  Reed,  682 
Alabama,  S.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Griffin,  680a 

V.  Tallant,  482 
Alair  v.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  851 
Alamo  D.  B.  Co.  v.  Yeargan,  1361 
Alamo    Mills    Co.    v.    Hercules    Iron 

Works,  742a 
Alaska,  The,  689,  592,  597a 
Alaska  Imp.  Co.  v.  Hirsch,  685fc 
Alaska  S.  S.  Co.  v.  Colhns,  1326 
Albany  v.  Trowbridge,  1046 
Albany  &  N.  Ry.  v.  Wheeler,  318 
Albany  &  Sus.   Railroad  v.   Dayton, 

1185 
Albany  Dutch  Church  v.  Vedder,  1276 
Albany  Northern  R.   R.   v.  Lansing, 

1115,  1146,  1185 
Albany  Phosphate  Co.  v.  Hugger  Bros., 

645 
Albany  Street,  Matter  of,  1128,  1158, 

1187 
Albee  v.  Harris,  959 
Albert  v.  Bleecker  St.  R.  R.,  436 

V.  Lindan,  78,  82 
Albert  Gas  Fixture  Co.  v.  Kabat,  734 
Alberts  v.  Husenetter,  933 

V.  Steams,  674 
Albertson  v.  Philadelphia,  1163,  1165a 
Albertson  Co.  v.  Chicago,  1295 
Albertype  Co.  v.  Gust  Feist  Co.,  610 
Albertz  v.  Albertz,  640a,  641,  6416 
Albey  v.  Weingart,  984,  984a 
Albion  Lead  Works  v.  Citizens'  Ins. 

Co.,  341 
Albion  R.  R.  v.  Hesser,  1175 
Albrecht  v.  Walker,  1254 
Albright  v.  Pickle,  307 
Alcorn  v.  Mitchell,  490,  1328,  1345 
Alden  v.  Wright,  778 
Alder  v.  Keighley,  606,  628 
Alderman  v.  French,  452 

V.  Roesel,  676 
Alderson  v.  Gulf;  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  366, 

860 
Aldis  V.  Stewart,  638 
Aldrich  v.  Aldrich,  807 

V.  Cheshire  R.  R.,  1110,  1164 


2772 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Aldrich  V.  Dunham,  294 

V.  Higgins,  497/ 

V.  Island  E.  T.  &  T.  Co.,  459 

V.  Jackson,  775 

V.  Palmer,  481 

V.  Reynolds,  685ft,  685j 

V.  Sharp,  334 

V.  Wetmore,  946 

V.  Wilmarth,  657 
Aldrick  v.  Sager,  1250 
Aldridge  v.  Board  of  Education,  1174 

V.  McClelland,  311c 
Aldworth  v.  Lynn,  91,  110 
Aleppo,  The,  596,  597a 
Alexander  ».  Bishop,  185,  984,  987 

V.  Blodgett,  42 

V.  Bridgford,  975,  979 

V.  Colcord,  253,  685o 

V.  Helber,  58 

V.  Herr,  907,  920 

».  Herring,  755 

V.  Humber,  47,  866 

V.  Jacoby,  127,  182,  237,  467,  682, 
682a,  1296 

V.  Macauley,  548 

V.  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Ry.  Co. 
of  Texas,  43i 

V.  Staley,  983 

V.  Thomas,  1326 

».  Troutman,  411 

V.  United  States,  1112a 
'  t).  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  882 
Alexandria,  The,  597o 
Alexandria,  etc.,  Co.  v.  Faunce,  1157 
Alexian  Bros.  v.  Oshkosh,  253,  1171 
Alfaro  V.  Davidson,  834c,  1329 
Alfred  v.  Fitzjames,  673d 
Alger  V.  Farley,  505 
Alie  V.  Nadeau,  90 

Alkahest  Lyceum  System  v.  Curry,  170 
Alkire  v.  Myers  Lumber  Co.,  1352 
Alkire  Grocer  Co.  v.  Tagart,  85o 
AUaback  v.  Utt,  373 
Allaire  v.  Hartshome,  703 

V.  Ouland,  834 

V.  Whitney,  1  N.  Y.  305;  990c 

V.  Whitney,  1  HiU,  484;  101,  1056 
Allaire  Works  v.  Guion,  674,  1065 
AUamon  v.  Albany,  642 
Allan  «.  Everoth,  676 


Alle  V.  Woodruff,  3406 
AUegaert  v.  Smart,  999& 
Allegany  County  v.  Van  Campen,  692 
Allegheny  v.  Black,  1142 

V.  Campbell,  317 
Allegheny  Iron  Co.  v.  Teaford,  752a 
Allegheny  V.  R.  R.  v.  Colwell,  1175 
Allen  V.  Ames  College  Co.,  1353 

V.  Anderson,  3  Humph.  581;  762 

V.  Anderson,  2  Bibb,  415;  1010 

V.  Atkinson,  1007,  1018 

V.  Baker,  45,  637,  638 

V.  Barrett,  67a 

V.  Besecker,  480a 

V.  Blunt,  235,  983 

V.  Boston,  137  Mass.  319;  1158 

V.  Boston,  159  Mass.  324;  948 

V.  Brazier,  419,  423 

«;.  Brown,  51  Barb.  68;  819 

V.  Brown,  5  Laos.  511;  237,  685Ji; 

V.  Butman,  81 

V.  Camden  &  P.  Steamboat  Ferry 
Co.,  865 

V.  Cameron,  1038 

V.  Carty,  667 

V.  Champion,  929a 

V.  Charlestown,  1147 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  245 

e.  Clark,  831 

V.  Craig,  388,  1326 

V.  Curies,  659 

V.  Doyle,  548,  5o 

V.  Durham  Traction  Co.,  226/ 

V.  Eneroth,  6796 

V.  Fairbanks,  304 

V.  Field,  636d,  636/ 

V.  Fox,  537 

V.  Harris,  236 

V.  Hooker,  1067 

V.  Jarvis,  753 

».  Jones,  6S5g 

V.  Kelley,  692ft 

V.  Kennedy,  964 

V.  Kinyon,  493 

V.  Leflore  County,  685/ 

V.  McConihe,  828 

V.  McCoushe,  824 

V.  McKibbin,  657,  662 

V.  McNew,  656,  1039 

V.  Macon  D.  &  S.  R.  R.,  932 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2773 


Allen  V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1365 

V.  Maronne,  667 

V.  Merchants'  Bank,  819 

V.  Miller,  959,  979 

V.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.,  1143 

V.  Mohn,  1023 

V.  Murray,  316,  608,  615 

V.  Ormond,  946 

V.  Smith,  307 

V.  South  Boston  R.  R.,  439A,  736 

V.  Suydam,  813,  814 

V.  Thrall,  615 

V.  Todd,  768 

V.  Truesdell,  116,  441 

V.  United  States,  1031 

».  Voje,  1352 

V.  Watson,  687 

».  Whitlark,  667 

».  Woonsocket  Co.,  310o 
Allender  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R., 

214a,  221,  491 
Allendorph  v.  Banks,  993 
AUentown  v.  Kramer,  1110 
AUentown  Turnpike  Co.  v.  Lehigh  V. 

T.  Co.,  1173 
AUgeyer  v.  Rutherford,  667 
Alliance  R.  P.  Co.  v.  Valentine,  445 
Alliance  Trust  Co.  v.  Stewart,  685A 
Allinder  v.  Bessemer  C.  I.  &  L.  Co.,  959 
Ailing  V.  Boston  &  A.  R.  R.,  873 
Allis  V.  McLean,  186,  190,  646 

V.  Nanson,  1263 

V.  Nininger,  238,  982 
Allison  V.  Chanler,  127a,  170a,  182, 189, 
363,  383c,  990& 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  1215 

V.  Cocke,  106  Ky.  763;  1025,  1026 
.  ».  Cocke,  112  Ky.  212;  1023 

V.  Fredericksburg,  1371 

V.  Hobbs,  36o 

V.  Juniata  County,  337 

V.  McCune,  29 

V.  Montgomery,  959 

V.  Pilkins,  964 

V.  People,  692i 

V.  Tennessee,  C.  I.  &  R.  R.  Co., 
162 
Allmon  V.  Chicago,  P.  &  M.  R.  R.,  1138 
Alloway  ».  Nashville,  331a,  1171e,  1368 
AUphin  V.  Working,  614 


Allport  V.  Kelby,  685fe 
AUred  v.  Bray,  127a 
Allsop  V.  AUsop,  443 
Almy  V.  Probate  Court,  3116 

V.  Simonson,  755 
Alna  V.  Plummer,  1024 
Alpha  Checkrower  Co.  v.  Bradley,  762 
Alpha  P.  C.  Co.  V.  Oliver,  763 
Alpin  V.  Morton,  445 
Alsager  v.  Close,  256 
Alsop  V.  Commercial  Ins.  Co.,  713 

V.  Peck,  910 
Alt  V.  Weidenberg,  76 
Althorf  V.  WoKe,  67a 
Althouse  V.  Alvord,  750 

V.  Rice,  930 
Alton  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  1371 
Alton  &  Sangamon  R.  R.  v.  Carpenter, 

1138 
Altoona  E.  E.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Kittanning  & 

F.  C.  St.  Ry.,  615 
Aluminum  Co.  v.  Ramsey,  1356 
Alvis  V.  Oglesby,  311/ 
Alvord  V.  United  States,  692e 
Am  Ende  v.  Seabury,  1245 
Amann  v.  Chicago  C.  T.  Co.,  243  111. 
263;  172,  2261,  372 
V.  Chicago  C.  T.  Co.,  148  111.  App. 
151;  180 
Ambs  V.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R., 

458,  459 
Amee  v.  Wilson,  308a 
Amer  v.  Longstreth,  383,  387 
America,  The,  92  U.  S.  432;  587 
America,  The,  4  Fed.  337;  593 
American  B.  &  C.  Co.  v.  BuUen  B.  Co., 

617 
American  B.  N.  Co.  v.  New  York  E. 

R.  R.,  1191,  1256/ 
American  B.  W.  Co.  v.  Thomson,  1220 
American  Bible  Society  v.  Wells,  339 
American  Book  Co.  v.  Wells,  676 
American  Bridge  Co.  v.  American  Dist. 
Steam  Co.,  160 
V.  Camden  Interstate  Ry.,  647o 
V.  Glenmore  Distilleries  Co.,  165 
American  C.  C.  Co.  v.  Seitz,  975 
American  C.  D.  Co.  v.  Boyd,  666 
American  Central  Ins.  Co.  v.  Burkert, 

818o 


2774 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


American  Central  Ins.  Co.  v.  McLana- 

han,  723 
American  Canning   Co.   v.   Flat   Top 

Grocery  Co.,  753,  755 
American  Contract  Co.  v.  Cross,  873 
American  Cotton  Co.  v.  Herring,  741 
American  Express  Co.  v.  Dunlevy,  819 
V.  Jennings,  152,  856 
V.  Parsons,  256 
American  E.  &  C.   Co.  v.  Crawford, 

1359 
American  F.  &  F.  Co.  v.  Settergren, 

754 
American  F.  L.  M.  Co.  v.  Brown,  1335 
American-Hawaiian  S.  S.  Co.  v.  Morse 

D.  D.  &  R.  Co.,  593 
American-Hungarian  Pub.  Co.  v.  Miles 

Bros.,  169a 
American  Ice  Co.  v.  Pocono  S.  W.  I. 
Co.,  165  Fed.  714;  988 
i;.  Pocono  S.  W.  I.  Co.,  183  Fed. 
193;  959 
American  Ins.  Co.  v.  Bryan,  718 
V.  Center,  711 
V.  Griswold,  712,  714 
V.  Ogden,  711 
American  L.  &  H.  I.  Co.  v.  Robertshaw, 

729 
American  L.  I.  Co.  v.  McAden,  730 
American  L.  I.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Shultz,  730 
American  Lead  Pencil  Co.  v.  Davis,  368 
American  Locomotive  Co.  v.  Hoffman, 

95 
American  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Klarquist,  6226 
American  Nat.  Bank  v.  Hammond,  439/ 

V.  Morey,  45,  153o 
American  Publishing  &  Engraving  Co. 

V.  Walker,  636c,  752 
American  Pure  Food  Co.  v.  G.  W.  El- 

Uott  &  Co.,  127a 
American  S.  P.  Co.  v.  De  Grasse  Paper 

Co.,  1224 
American  S.  S.  Co.  v.  Rush,  610 
American  Strawboard  Co.  v.  Foust,  484 
American  Surety  Co.  v.  Lyons,  644 
V.  Woods,  105  Fed.  41;  618,  647e 
V.  Woods,  106  Fed.  263;  643 
American  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Pearce,  1152a 
American    Trust    &    Banking  Co.  v. 
Boon,  303 


American  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Daughtery,  876, 

879,  883 
Americus  v.  Tower,  1295 
Americus  Grocery  Co.  v.  Brackett,  762 
Amerman  v.  Deane,  87 
Ames  V.  Chirurg,  682,  682o 

V.  Hilton,  363,  373 

V.  Norwich  Light  Co.,  762 

V.  Schuesler,  999e 

V.  Scudder,  311c 

V.  Wilhams,  692fc 
Amherst  Bank  v.  Root,  694 
Amiable  Nancy,  The,   175,  352,  378, 

596,  5996 
Amis  V.  Smith,  334 
Ammons  v.  People,  692c 
Amoretty  v.  City  of  Melbourne  Bank, 

516c 
Amory  v.  Amory,  12866 

t).  Brodrick,  1261 

V.  Hamilton,  820 

V.  M'Gregor,  295,  844 

V.  Vreeland,  364 
Amos  V.  Cosby,  979 

V.  Delaware  R.  F.  Co.,  483 

V.  Oakley,  90,  636?,  636i 
Amoskeag  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Goodale,  99, 
101 

V.  Manchester,  303 

V.  Worcester,  1171,  1171a 
Amperse  v.  Winslow,  547 
Amsden  v.  Atwood,  199,  988,  988o 

V.  Dubuque  &  S.  C.  R.  R.,  620 
Amy  V.  Dubuque,  346 
Ancrum  v.  Slone,  316 
Anders  v.  Ellis,  98 
Anderson  v.  Aupperle,  376 

V.  Beard,  755 

V.  Buckton,  929 

V.  CarUn,  1268 

V.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  573o, 
579 

V.  DufBeld,  760 

V.  The  Edam,  599c 

V.  Ewing,  281,  424a 

V.  First  Nat.  Bk.,  492 

V.  Great  No.  Ry.,  577 

V.  Hilker,  615 

V.  International     Harvester     Co., 
363 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2775 


Anderson  v.  Issaquena  County,  337 

V.  Knox,  980 

V.  Lewis,  834a 

V.  Nordstrom,  618 

V.  Northeastern  Ry.,  152 

V.  Pacific  Bank,  302a 

V.  Philadelphia  P.  L.  Co.,  685fc 

V.  Pittsburg  Coal  Co.,  1354 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  191 

V.  Savoy,  137  Wis.  44;  171 

V.  Savoy,  142  Wis.  127;  205 

V.  Shockley,  1263 

V.  Sloane,  435,  437,  494 

V.  Smith,  108  Mich.  69;  341 

V.  Smith,  104  Minn.  40;  1361 

V.  Snyder,  1028 

V.  Sparks,  1347 

V.  State,  311/ 

V.  Thompson,  692a 

V.  Truitt,  1023 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  387 
Anderson,  Succession  of,  339 
Anderson  County  v.  Hays,  692e 
Anderson    Electric    Co.    v.    Cleburne 

Water  Co.,  740 
Anderson,  L.  &  St.  L.  R.  R. «.  Kemodle, 

95 
Anderton  v.  Arrowsmith,  340 

V.  Milwaukee,  1112a 
Andes  Ins.  Co.  v.  Fish,  725 
Andre  v.  Morrow,  1061 
Andrews  v.  Appel,  979 

V.  Askey,  471 

V.  Bartholomew,  449 

V.  Booth,  60 

V.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  574a 

V.  Clark,  303,  313a,  316,  519 

V.  Costican,  317 

V.  Davison,  968,  974 

V.  Durant,  296,  317,  493 

V.  Glenville  Woolen  Co.,  237,  685, 
685i 

V.  Hammond,  1272 

V.  Hoover,  753,  755 

V.  Huckabee,  311c 

V.  Keeler,  325 

V.  McCoy,  973 

V.  Minter,  984a 

V.  Singer  Mfg.  Co.,  363,  363o 

V.  Stone.  1263 


Andrews  v.  Winter,  984 

Andrus  ».  Bradley,  302a 

Anerly,  The,  587 

Angel  V.  Miller,  345 

Angell  V.  Hartford  F.  I.  Co..  727 

V.  Hopkins,  1296 

V.  Pruyn,  768 
Angier  v.  Taunton  Paper  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  80a 
Angle  V.  Hanna,  673/ 
Anglin  v.  Columbus,  1368 
Anglo-American  Packing  &  P.  Co.  v. 

Baier,  1357 
Angus  V.  Scully,  655c 
Ankeny  v.  Clark,  733a 
Anketel  v.  Converse,  345 
Ann  Caroline,  The,  594,  598 
Annapolis  &  B.  S.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Ross,  655 
Anna  Maria,  The,  175 
Annas  v.  Milwaukee  &  N.  R.  R.,  580 
Annis  v.  Upton,  1258 
Anony.,  108  N.  Y.  660;  1208 
Anony.,  94  U.  S.  695;  1230 
Anony.,  66  Barb.  466;  1185 
Anony.,  Y.  B.  6  Edw.  4,  7,  18;  118 
Anony.,  Y.  B.  Lib.  Assis.  287,  17;  118 
Anon.,  19  H.  6;  44,  96a 
Anon.,  2  Ld.  Raym.  938;  955,  97 
Anon.,  6  Mod.  11;  676c 
Anon.,  1  Strange,  407;  733a 
Anon.,  Minor  (Ala.),  52,  12  Am.  Dec. 

31;  50 
Anon.  V.  Moor,  451 
Ant,  The,  10  Fed.  294;  687 
Ant,  The,  13  Fed.  91;  595 
Anthony  v.  Gilbert,  76,  365 

V.  Moore  &  Munger  Co.,  312 

V.  New  York  &  P.  B.  R.  R.,  1295 

V.  PercifuU,  791 

V.  Slaid,  120 

V.  Stephens,  461 
Anthony  Ittner  Brick  Co.  v.  Ashby,  577 
Antle  V.  Sexton,  1028 
Antoine  Co.  v.  Ridge  Co.,  935 
Anvil  Min.  Co.  v.  Humble,  192,  193 
Apalachicola  v.  Apalachicola  Land  Co., 

908 
Apgar  V.  Hiler,  803 
ApoUinaris  Co.  v.  Venable,  685 
ApoUon,  The,  235 


2776 


TABLE   OP   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Appleby  v.  Myers,  655c 

V.  State,  692A 
Applegate  v.  Hogan,  755 

V.  Jacoby,  418 
Appletbn  v.  Marx,  999A 
Application  for  Drainage,  Matter  of, 

1148 
AppsD.  Day,  1368 
Arbush  v.  Oakdale,  1148 
Areata  &  Mad.  R.  Ry.  v.  Murphy,  252 
Arasmith  v.  Temple,  385 
Arcambel  v.  Wiseman,  235 
Archbold  v.  Building,  etc.,  Assoc,  324a 
Archer  v.  Milwaukee,  A.  E.  &  S.  Co.,  619 

V.  Williams,  608,  527 
Archibald  v.  Davis,  86a 
Arctic  Bird,  The,  844 
Arden  v.  Goodacre,  552,  553 
Area  v.  Milliken,  817 
Arents  v.  Com.,  346 
Arentsen  v.  Moreland,  1010 
Argentine,  The,  589 
Argentino,  The,  196,  593 
Argotsinger  v.  Vines,  933,  1295 
Aries,  The,  587 
Arimond  v.  Green  Bay  &  Miss.  C.  Co., 

1116 
Arkansas  &  L.  Ry.  v.  Stroude,  77  Ark. 

109,  91  S.  W.  18;  368 
Arkansas  &  L.  Ry.  v.  Stroude,.  82  Ark. 

117;  894,  1341 
Arkansas  Lumber  Co.  v.  Wallace,  1355 
Arkansas  M.  Ry.  v.  Robinson,  44 
Arkansas  River  Packet  Co,  v.  Hobbs, 

2215 
Arkansas  V.  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Witt,  1123 
Arkansas  V.  L.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Mann,  182a, 

498 
Arkansas  V.  T.  &.  L.  Co.  v.  Lincoln, 

182,  607 
Arlington,  Lord  v.  Merricke,  692(i 
Arm£igost  ti.  Rising,  1261 
Armentrout  v.  St.  Louis,  K.  E.  &  N. 

R.  R.,  119 
Armfield  v.  Marsh,  203 
Armonia,  The,  593 
Armory  v.  Delamirie,  76,  170o,  1300 
Armour  v.  Czischki,  1367 

V.  Gundersheimer,  2126 
Armour  &  Co.  v.  Kollmeyer,  43i,  1216 


Armour  Packing  Co.  v.  Orrick,  684a 
Armstrong    v.  American    Exch.    Nat. 
Bank,  301,  311/ 

V.  Auburn,  1355 

V.  Jackson,  481 

V.  Maybee,  999^ 

t>.  Percy,  774 

V.  Pierson,  233,  451 

V.  Rhoades,  487a,  489 
Armytage  !).  Haley,  1368 
Am  V.  Mathews,  933 
Amd  V.  Amling,  76 
Arndt  v.  Keller,  656 
Arnold  v.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  222 

V.  Blabon,  734,  1296 

I).  Commonwealth,  692t 

V.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  1342 

V.  Savings  Co.,-  364 

V.  State,  692/ 

V.  Suffolk  Bank,  747 

V.  Woodward,  905 
Amott  V.  Redfem,  285,  287 

V.  Spokane,  153a,  308,  6226 

V.  Standard  Assoc,  448(i 
Aronson  v.  H.  B.  Claflin  Co.,  741 
Arpin  ti.  Burch,  317 
Arrigoni  v.  Johnson,  979 
Arrington  V.  Wilmington  &  W.  R.  R., 

519,  524,  853 
Arris  v.  Stukely,  569 
Arrowsmith  v.  Gordon,  497,  606,  1261 
Artherholt  v.  Erie  E.  M.  Co.,  380 
Arthur  v.  The  Cassius,  844 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  318 

V.  Moss,  774 

V.  Wheeler  &  W.  M.  Co.,  303,  316 
Arzaga  v.  Villalba,  375 
Asfar  V.  Blumdell,  710 
Ash  V.  Beck,  762 
Ash  V.  Brewton,  301 
Ashbumer  v.  Balchen,  211,  858 
Ashby  V.  Bates,  1286 

V.  Sharp,  688 

V.  White,  29,  32,  97 
Ashcom  V.  Smith,  1023 
Ashcraft  v.  Allen,  636 

V.  Chapman,  482 
Ashdown  v.  Ely,  992 

V.  Ingamells,  628 
Ashe  V.  De  Rossett,  151 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2777 


Ashe  V.  Harris  County,  337 
Asheboro  W.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Southern  Ry., 

152 
Asher  v.  Louisville  &  Nashville  R.  R., 
1138a 

V.  Stacey,  199 
Ashford  v.  Thornton,  15 
Ashhurst  v.  Field,  306 
Ashkanazy  v.  Sachs,  614 
Ashland  L.  S.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Shores,  618, 

620,  657 
Ashley  v.  Aberdeen,  1350 

V.  Rocky  M.  B.  T.  Co..  222,  897a 

V.  Root,  810 

V.  Warner,  87 
Ashmead  v.  Wilson,  906,  910 
Ashmore  v.  Cox,  737 
Ashton  V.  Margolies,  614 
Ashuelot  R.  R.  v.  Elliot,  304,  325,  346 
Ashworth  v.  Wells,  768 
Aslin  V.  Parkin,  911,  920 
Asmossen  v.  Swift  &  Co.,  1363 
Aspinwall  v.  Blake,  345 
Asprey  v.  Levy,  705 
Assignment  of  Murdoch,  In  re,  311/ 
Astley  V.  Weldon,  395,  398 
Astrachan,  The,  2436 
Aswell  V.  Scranton,  1142 
Atchison  V.  The  Doctor  Franklin,  592 

V.  Lyon,  1161 

V.  Rose,  1303 
Atchison  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Garside,  1110 

V.  Gough,  1164,  1167 
Atchison  County  Bank  v.  Byers,  777 
Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v.  Armstrong, 
1108 

V.  Arthurs,  937o 

V.  Ayers,  316 

V.  Bivins,  844 

V.  Blackshire,  1148 

V.  Boerner,  1123 

0.  Bourdett,  854 

V.  Briggs,  932 

V.  Brown,  575 

V.  Chamberlain,  368 

V.  Chance,  43flf 

V.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1021,  336o 

V.  Click,  1354 

V.  Cross,  575 

V.  Cuniffe,  1342 


Atchison  v.  Fajardo,  1367 

V.  Gabbert,  293 

V.  Geiser,  933 

».  Grant,  852 

V.  Hamilton,  933 

V.  Hastiags,  1348 

V.  Hogue,  363,  1342 

V.  Hughes,  1367 

V.  Huitt,  932 

V.  Lawler,  844 

V.  Lee,  1353 

V.  Luening,  1112 

V.  McGinnis,  43/ 

V.  Moore,  1326 

V.  Osage  County,  1174 

V.  Palmore,  1309 

V.  Rice,  1270 

V.  Richards,  1331 

V.  Ringle,  368 

V.  Ryan,  574 

V.  Seeger,  1355 

V.  Schneider,  1157,  1169 

V.  Sledge,  1357 

ti.  Smythe,  852 

9.  Stewart,  1353 

».  Thul,  1309 

V.  Townsend,  584 

».  Van  Belle,  580a,  1367 

V.  Weber,  579 

V.  Wilson,  573a,  580 
Atherton  v.  Cochran,  310o 

V.  Fowler,  334 

V.  Williams,  806 
Athletic  Baseball  Assoc,  v.  St.  Louis 

S.  P.  Assoc,  607 
Athlone  Rifle  Range,  In  re,  1105 
Atkin  V.  Acton,  674 
Atkins  V.  Baily,  681a 

V.  Barnstable,  657 

V.  Cobb,  755,  762,  1060 

V.  Gladwish,  233 

V.  Hosley,  774 

«.  Moore,  76,  77,  6916 

V.  Van  Buren  School  Twp.,  1076 
Atkinson  v.  Atlantic  &  P.  R.  R.,  293 

V.  Beard,  71,  74,  999A 

V.  Burton,  824 

V.  Coatsworth,  789 

V.  Hewett,  73 

V.  Morse,  614 


2778 

[References 

Atkinson  v.  Newcastle  &  G.  W.  W. 
Co.,  164 
V.  Richardson,  302 
Atkisson  v.  The  Castle  Garden,  844 
Atkyns  v.  Kinnier,  418 
Atlanta  v.  Central  R.  R.,  1137 
V.  Green,  1123,  1137 
V.  Word,  11540,  1160a 
Atlanta  &  B.  A.  L.  Ry.  v.  Brown,  125a, 
937 
V.  Wood,  947 
Atlanta  &  L.  G.  R.  R.  v.  Hodnett,  613 
Atlanta  &  W.  P.  R.  R.  v.  Haralson, 
171a 
V.  Hudson,  435a,  438 
V.  Johnson,  41,  86c,  1306 
V.  Newton,  580a 
V.  Potts,  366 
V.  Smith,  4866 
V.  Texas  Grate  Co.,  854 
V.  Venable,  577 
Atlanta  Elevator  Co.  v.  Fulton  Bag  & 

Cotton  Mills,  84,  85a 
Atlanta  I.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Mixon,  438 
Atlanta  Ins.  Co.  v.  Manning,  722 
Atlanta   Nat.   Bank   v.   Davis,    171a, 

1310a 
Atlanta  S.  A.  B.  Ry.  v.  Thomas,  630 
Atlanta  S.  C.  O.  Mills  v.  Coffey,  226d 
Atlanta  St.  R.  R.  v.  Jacobs,  41a 
Atlanta  Terra  Cotta  Co.  v.  Ga.  R.  & 

E.  Co.,  1166c 
Atlantic  &  B.  Ry.  ».  Howard  Supply 

Co.,  844 
Atlantic  &  C.  A.  L.  Ry.  v.  Victor  Mfg. 

Co.,  1256c 
Atlantic  &  D.  Ry.  v.  Delaware  Con- 
struction Co.,  189,  6476,  647c 
Atlantic  &  D.  R.  R.  v.  Peake,  1110 
Atlantic  &  G.  C.  C.  C.  Co.  v.  Mary- 
land Coal  Co.,  363a,  368,  935 
Atlantic  &  G.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Campbell, 
1293 
V.  Dmm,  360,  380 
V.  Koblentz,  331a 
Atlantic  &  N.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Atlantic  & 

N.  C.  Co.,  803 
Atlantic  &  P.  Co.  v.  Barnes,  681a 
Atlantic  &  W.  P.  Ry.  v.  Newton,  574a 
Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Davis,  926 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


are  to  sections] 

Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Goodwin,  851 

V.  Moore,  171a 

V.  Powell,  1271o 

V.  Turner,  1326 
Atlantic  Coast  Line  R.  R.  v.  Dees,  1216 
Atlantic  Consolidated  St.  Ry.  v.  Keeny, 

365 
Atlantic  Ins.  Co.  v.  Bird,  841 
Atlantic  Nat.  Bank  v.  Davis,  1310a 

V.  Harris,  303 
Atlantic  Phosphate  Co.  v.  GrafHin,  308 
Atlas,  The,  30,  588,  690,  591,  592,  599 
Atlas  Bank  v.  Doyle,  703 
Atlas  P.  C.  Co.  V.  Hopper,  742a 
Atlas  S.  S.  Co.  V.  The  Colon,  596 
Atlee  V.  Packet  Co.,  599 
Atrops  V.  Costello,  377a,  575 
Attack  V.  Bramwell,  943,  990a 
AttersoU  v.  Stevens,  69,  71,  950,  999a 
Attorney  General  v.  Cape  Fear  Nav. 
Co.,  338 

V.  Guardian  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 

V.  Metropolitan  Ry.,  1098 
Attoway  v.  Still,  685? 
Attrill  V.  Patterson,  1258,  1259 
Attwood  V.  Bangor,  95,  924 

V.  Fricot,  932 
Atwater  v.  Trustees,  1111 

V.  Whiteman,  778,  1030 
Atwood  V.  Fagan,  414,  426 

V.  Forwarding,  etc.,  Co.,  438 

V.  Lucas,  755 

V.  Union  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  726 
Auburn  v.  Berthiaume,  453 
Auchmuty  v.  Ham,  352 
Auer  V.  Pennsylvania,  999/ 
Auger  V.  Cook,  121d,  199 

V.  Smith,  1027 
August  V.  Finnerty,  1345 
Augusta  V.  Marks,  1137 

V.  Owens,  171a 

V.  Schraneck,  1163 

V.  Tharpe,  1353 
Augusta  Factory  v.  Barnes,  376 

V.  Davis,  573,  575 
Augusta  Nat.  Bank  v.  Hewins,  330 
Augusta  R.  R.  v.  Glover,  571c 
Augusta  Steam  Laundry  Co.  v.  Debow, 

426 
Aulger  V.  Clay,  3406 


Aulick  V.  Adams,  1285 
AuUs  V.  Young,  734 
Ault  V.  Dustin,  636c 
Aultman  v.  Case,  767 

V.  Daggs,  756 

V.  Mason,  767 

V.  Shelton,  762 

V.  Stichler,  635 

V.  Stout,  762 
Aultman  &  Co.  v.  Ginn,  762 
Aultman  &  T.  Co.   v.   Hetherington, 

762 
Aultman  Co.  v.  McDonough,  1060 
Aumann  v.  Philadelphia  &  R.  R.  R., 

1161 
Aune  V.  Austin-Williams  Timber  Co., 

2146 
Aurentz  v.  Porter,  269 
Aurora  v.  West,  346 
Aurora,  The,  1367 

Aurora  Hill  C.  M.  Co.  v.  85  M.  Co.,  935 
Austin  V.  Crawford,  822 
Austin  V.  Austin,  661 

V.  Bacon,  444a,  445 

V.  Bartlett,  41a 

V.  Drewe,  723a 

V.  Field,  999e 

V.  Hilliers,  1368 

V.  Huntsville  C.  &  M.  Co.,  935 

V.  Langlois,  519 

V.  Miller,  56 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1353 

V.  Townes,  678 

V.  Walsh,  1171 

V.  Wilson,  386 
Austin's  Will,  In  re,  301c 
Austin  R.  T.  Ry.  v.  CuUen,  1367 
Australian    Smelting    Co.    v.    British 

Broken  Hill  Proprietary  Co.,  742a 
Austrian,  see  Leo  Austrian. 
Autenrieth  v.  St.  Louis,  etc.,  R.  R., 

932,  1140 
Auzerais  v.  Naglee,  311 
Avakian  v.  Noble,  380a 
Avant  V.  Watson,  753 
Avary  v.  Searcy,  938 
Aven  ti.  Frey,  185 
Avenell  v.  Croker,  100 
Avent  V.  Hurd,  914 
Avera  v.  WiUiams,  363a 


TABLE   OP   CASES  2779 

IReferences  are  to  sections] 

Averett  v.  Brady,  908,  909,  909a,  915, 


916 
Averill  C.  &  O.  Co.  v.  Verner,  343 
Averitt  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1360 
Avery  v.  Brown,  9996,  1047 

V.  Catlin,  506 

V.  Dickson,  533 

V.  Dougherty,  9996 

!;.  Fitch,  85a 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
1295 

V.  Segura  Sugar  Co.,  617 

V.  Van  Dusen,  1147 
Avindino  v.  Beck,  565,  566a 
Avon  M.  I.  Co.  V.  Bateaux,  717 
Axle  Co.  V.  Michigan  Buggy  Co.,  742a 
Ayer  v.  Ayer,  301c 

V.  Spring,  921 

V.  Tilden,  326 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  885' 
Ayers  v.  Bartlett,  81 

V.  Macoughtry,  483 

V.  Mahuka,  638a,  6386 

V.  Metcalf,  298 
Aylesbury  Mercantile  Co.  v.  Fitch,  55a, 

494a 
Aylet  V.  Dodd,  395 
Ayliff  V.  Hardy,  1328 
Ayling  v.  London  &  India  Docks  Com- 
mittee, 674 
Ayres  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  854 

V.  Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.,  86c, 
172o 

V.  Hayes,  302 

V.  Hubbard,  503,  934 

V.  Pease,  400 

V.  Richards,  1178 

B 

B.  V.  I.,  451 

V.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  1367 
B.  &  C,  The,  587 

B.  A.  Stevens  Co.  v.  Whalen,  762,  764 
B.  B.  Ford  &  Co.  v.  Lawson,  246,  636a 
B.  C.  Evans  Co.  v.  Reeves,  317 
B.  L.  Blair  Co.  v.  Rose,  492a 
B.  Roth  Tool  Co.  V.  Champ  Spring 

Co.,  995 
B.  Shoninger  Co.  v.  Mann,  1354 


2780  TABLE 

[References 

Babbet  v.  Belding,  679o 

Babcock  v.  Appleton  Manuf .  Co.,  667 

V.  Coldwell,  492a 

V.  Reeves,  685m 

V.  Trice,  1049 
Babcock,  Matter  of,  3115 
Babcock-Comish  Co.  v.  Urquhart,  1006 
Bach  V.  Levy,  762 

V.  Miller,  316 
Bachert  v.  Lehigh  C.  &  N.  Co.,  948 
Bacigalupi  v.  Phoenix  B.  &  C.  Co.,  419 
Backenstoss  v.  Stabler,  493a,  1042 
Backes  v.  Black,  753 
Backus  V.  Cayne,  808 

V.  Chapman,  906 

V.  McCoy,  959,  966 

V.  Richardson,  1276 
Bacon  v.  Bacon,  1336 

V.  Callender,  962 

V.  Charlton,  1289,  1307 

V.  Cropsey,  557 

V.  Pullman  Co.,  873a 

V.  Thornton,  917 

V.  Towne,  460 
Bader  v.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry., 

572 
Badders  v.  Davis,  655 
Baden  v.  McKenney,  921,  922 
Bader  v.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R.,  872 
Badger  v.  Titcomb,  85a,  636j 
Badgett  v.  Broughton,  316,  760 

V.  Jordan,  325 
Badgley  v.  Decker,  474 
Badostain  v.  Grazide,  384 
Baetjer  v.  Bors,  793a 
Bagby  v.  Harris,  98 
Baggett  V.  Beard,  237 
Bagley  v.  Bates,  664 

V.  Cleveland  R.  M.  Co.,  223,  766 

V.  Findlay,  755 

V.  Peddle,  404 

V.  Smith,  193 

V.  Stern,  312 
Bagnal  v.  Sacheverel,  1260 
Bagot  V.  Williams,  84 
Bahia  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  In  re,  508 
Bahr  v.  Manke,  120a 

V.  N.  Pac.  Ry.,  43s 
Bailey  v.  Agawam  Bank,  970 

V.  American  D.  &  L.  Co.,  623 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Bailey  v.  Bailey,  445,  4806 

V.  Buchanan  County,  346 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  933 

V.  Clay,  1024 

V.  Damon,  211,  588 

V.  Fairplay,  911 

V.  Godfrey,  82 

V.  Grimes,  83 

V.  Hastings,  915 

V.  Hyde,  452 

V.  Isle   of   Thanet   L.    Railwajrs, 
1081 

f .  James,  678 

V.  Kalamazoo  Pub.  Co.,  4486 

V.  Kling,  1335 

V.  Krupp,  984 

V.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  1356 

V.  Scott,  979 

V.  Shaw,  844,  1300 

V.  Walton,  365 

V.  Warner,  462,  464 

V.  Wobum,  1161 

V.  Woods,  655 
BaiUie  v.  Bryson,  355 
Bailho  V.  Bumey,  63 
Baily  v.  Carnduff,  834 
Bain  v.  Fothergill,  L.  R.  7  H.  L.  158; 
603 

V.  Fothergill,  L.  R.  6  Ex.  59;  1104, 
1007 

V.  Peters,  340a 
Bainbridge  v.  Nielson,  711 

V.  Wilcocks,  310,  311,  341 
Baine  Lumber  Co.  v.  U.  S.,  1172o 
Bains  v.  Perry,  908 
Bair  v.  Sleicher,  643 
Baird  v.  Hall,  278 

V.  New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R. 
R.,  1354 

V.  Schuylkill  R.  E.  S.  R.  R.,  1164 

V.  ToUiver,  408,  424 

V.  U.  S.,  84 
Baker  v.  Ashe,  439e 

V.  Baker,  339o,  636? 

V.  Best,  1347 

V.  Bolton,  570 

V.  Boston,  35 

V.  Boston  El.  R.  R.,  1165o 

V.  Bower,  549 

V.  Corbett,  979 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2781 


Baker  o.  Cornelius,  70 

V.  Cummings,  310a 

V.  Dewey,  964 

V.   Drake,  53  N.  Y.  211;  30,  214, 
228e,  429,  510,  828 

V.  Drake,  66  N.  Y.  518;  510,  521 

V.  Freeman,  214,  565o 

V.  Garratt,  555,  805 

V.  Hagey,  483 

V.  Hamburg-American  Packet  Co., 
1354 

V.  Hart,  76,  935 

I).  Holtpzaffell,  999c 

V.  Manh.  Ry.,  180 

I).  Martin,  705,  803 

V.  Meisch,  534,  935 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1348 

V.  Mims,  435,  937(i,  938 

V.  Morris,  678 

V.  North  East  Borough,  43h 

V.  Philadelphia  &  R.  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Public  Service  Ry.,  1356 

V.  Railsback,  1053 

V.  Seavey,  1298 

V.  Secor,  464 

V.  Shoals,  1108 

».  State,  614 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  881 

V.  Wheeler,  317,  429,  499,  934 

V.  WiUiams  Banking  Co.,  302a 
Baker's  Appeal,  271 
Baker  Transfer  Co.  v.  Merchants'  R. 

&  I.  M.  Co.,  608,  614 
Balderston  ».  Western   U.  Tel.   Co., 

371a 
Baldridge  v.  Dawson,  536,  537 
Baldwin  v.  Bennett,  612,  834ff 

V.  Blanchard,  151 

V.  Bohl,  908 

V.  Boulware,  44Sd 

V.  Bradley,  79,  80 

V.  Central  Sav.  Bk.,  613 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  932 

V.  Cole,  55 

V.  Collin,  851 

V.  Fries,  386 

«.  G.  M.  Davidson  &  Co.,  494 

V.  Greenwoods  Turnpike  Co.,  124 

V.  Lessner,  606a 

V.  Lincoln  County,  2216 


Baldwin  v.  Munn,  959,  1010,  1012 

V.  Newark,  1148 

V.  People's  Ry.,  120a,  575 

V.  Porter,  58 

V.  San  Antonio,  331a 

V.  Sullivan  Timber  Co.,  857 

■;.  United   States   Tel.    Co.,    146, 
160,  169,  212a,  879 

V.  Walker,  682a,  683 

V.  Western  R.  R.,  1261,  1270 

V.  Zadik,  333 
Baldwin's  Appeal,  1308 
Baldwin  Coal  Co.  v.  Davis,  308a 
Baldwin  S.  C.  Co.  v.  Quinn,  685fc 
Baldy  v.  Stratton,  637a,  639,  639a 
Bale  V.  Mudd,  311 
Bales  V.  Wingfield,  547 
Ball  V.  Britton,  193,  603,  616 

V.  Bruce,  474 

V.  Coggs,  636to 

V.  Horrigan,  462 

V.  Keokuk  &   N.  W.  Ry.,   1295, 
1308,  1334 

V.  Levin,  373 

V.  Liney,  60 

V.  Nye,  33 

V.  Peterman  Mfg.  Co.,  1357 
Ballard  v.  Shutt,  3016 
Ballentine  v.  N.  Mo.  R.  R.,  856 

V.  Robinson,  751,  752 
Ballet  V.  BaUet,  963 
Ballingalls  v.  Gloster,  700 
Ballou  V.  Earle,  851 

V.  Farnum,  46,  47,  485o 
Balsley  v.  Hoffman,  678 
Baltimore  v.  Black,  1151 

V.  Merryman,  95,  1116 

V.  Rice,  1156 
Baltimore,  The,  30,  235,  589,  592 
Baltimore  &  I.  R.  R.  v.  Springer,  1154 
Baltimore  &  L.  T.  Co.  v.  Cassell,  1216 
Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.  v.  Barger,  384 

V.  Blocher,  380 

V.  Boyd,  63  Md.  325;  367,  1159 

V.  Boyd,  67  Md.  32;  931,  932 

V.  Camp,  490 

V.  Carr,  42,  862 

V.  Dougherty,  844 

V.  Golway,  577 

V.  Henthorne,  485 


2782  TABLE 

[References 

B.  &  O.  R.  R.  V.  Lafferty,  656,  660 
V.  Lansing,  1157 
V.  Noell,  573a 
V.  O'Donnell,  492b 
V.  PoUy,  655/ 
V.  Pumphrey,  152,  583 
V.  Ragesdale,  851 
V.  Springer,  1154 
V.  Stanley,  577 

V.  State,  24  Md.  271;  574,  578 
V.  State,  33  Md.  542;  574 
V.  State,  60  Md.  449;  574 
V.  State,  63  Md.  135;  573o,  577 
V.  State,  81  Md.  371;  578,  580a 
V.  Stewart,  615 
V.  Strube,  380,  384 
V.  Thompson,  125 
V.  Weedon,  559a 

V.  Wightman,  67a,  573o,  574a,  577 
Baltimore  &  O.  S.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Davis, 
380 
V.  Higgins,  75 
V.  Stewart,  191 
V.  Then,  170a,  575 
V.  Quillen,  932 
Baltimore  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Fifth  Baptist 
Church,  42,  1089,   1111,   1188, 
1210 
V.  Reany,  1116 
Baltimore  &  R.  T.  v.  State,  573a,  574a, 

577,  578 
Baltimore  &  S.  P.  R.  R.  v.  Hackett,  203, 

225 
Baltimore    &  Yorktown    Turnpike  v. 

Boone,  360,  366,  372,  380 
Baltimore  Base  Ball  Club  Co.w.  Pickett, 

667 
Baltimore  Belt  R.  R.  v.  McColgan,  932, 
1116 
V.  Sattler,  947 
Baltimore  C.  &  A.  Ry.  v.  Kirby,  363a, 

380 
Baltimore  City  Pass.  Ry.  v.  Baer,  67o 
V.  Kemp,  1216,  150,  868 
V.  Sewell,  35  Md.  238;  519,  736 
V.  Sewell,  37  Md.  443;  335 
Baltimore  F.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Loney,  301, 

724 
Baltimore    Marine    Ins.    Co.    v.    Dal- 
rymple,  80,  519 


OF   CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Baltimore  P.  B.  &  L.  Society  v.  Smith, 

1010 
Baltimore  Smelting  Co.  v.  Ammonia 

Co.,  755 
Baltzell  V.  Moritz,  620,  1039 
Baltzer  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  N.  R.  R.,  1357 
Bamberger  v.  Kahn,  686a 
Bamford  v.  Harris,  1038 
Bancroft  v.  Boston,  1147 
V.  Cambridge,  1151 
V.  Parker,  567 
V.  Scribner,  822 
Bancroft- Whitney  Co.  v.  The  Queen, 

852 
Banderob  v.  Wisconsin  Cent.  Ry.,  1355 
Bane  v.  Gridley,  423 
Banewur  v.  Levenson,  622 
Banfield  v.  Marks,  789 
Bange  v.  FUnt,  695 
Bangor  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  McComb,  Sdla, 

1166 
Bangor  Bank  v.  Hook,  705 
Bangor  Furnace  Co.  v.  Magill,  858 
Bangs  V.  Bailey,  301 

V.  Mcintosh,  301 
Bank  v.  Bowdre,  452 
V.  Johnson,  979 
V.  Miller,  917 
V.  Ward,  120 
Bank  of  Bisbee  v.  Graf,  834 
Bank  of  Brighton  v.  Smith,  678,  694 
Bank  of  CaUfomia  v.  Western  Union 

Telegraph  Co.,  878 
Bank  of  Commerce  v.  Goos,  131 
Bank  of  LeRoy  v.  Harding,  490 
Bank  of  Mobile  v.  Huggins,  812,  814, 
819 
V.  Marston,  563o 
Bank  of  Montgomery  v.  Reese,  514,  745 
Bank  of  New  Orleans  v.  Western  U.  T. 

Co.,  881 
Bank  of  New  South  Wales  v.  Milvain, 

153a 
Bank  of  North  ColUns  v.  Gary  Safe  Co., 

762 
Bank  of  Orange  v.  Brown,  811 
Bank  of  Owensboro  v.  Western  Bank, 

8186 
Bank  of  Palo  Alio  v.  Pacific  P.  T.  C. 
Co.,  380,  506a 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2783 


Bank  of  Rome  v.  Curtiss,  549 

V.  Mott,  5656 
Bank  of  U.  S.  v.  Dunseth,  921 

V.  Magill,  677,  678 
Bank  of  Upper  Canada  v.  Widmer,  260 
Bank  of  Victoria  v.  Synnot,  991 
Banks  of  Comrs.  v.  La  Fayette  Bank, 
302a 

V.  Security  Trust  Co.,  302a 
Banks  v.  Braman,  1306 

V.  McClellan,  345 

V.  McDowel,  692y 

V.  Macher,  311c 
Bann  v.  Dalzell,  287 
Bannatyne  v.  Florence  Milling  &  Min- 
ing Co.,  170 
Bannister  v.  Roberts,  345 
Bannon  ti.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  368, 
481 

V.  Frank,  956 

V.  Murphy,  748 

V.  Rohmeiser,  932 
Banta  v.  Banta,  666 
Bantel  v.  Amer.  Mach.  Co.,  149 
Barbee  v.  Reese,  121 
Barber  v.  Backhouse,  1050 

V.  Barber,  445 

V.  Dewes,  435 

V.  Ellingwood,  512,  531,  82] 

V.  Hathaway,  497c 

V.  Rose,  1046 
Barber  A.  P.  Co.  v.  Wabash,  419 
Barbour  v.  Flick,  1030,  1071 

V.  Nichols,  1007,  1012 

V.  Stephenson,  47,  473 
Barbour  Co.  v.  Horn,  86c,  490 
Barclay  v.  Copeland,  385 

V.  Gooch,  797 

V.  Kennedy,  311,  344 

V.  Puget  S.  L.  Co.,  1357 

V.  Russ,  278 

V.  Stirlmg,  1034 
Barclay  R.  R.  v.  Ingham,  1172a 
Barcus  v.  Hannibal  R.  C.  &  P.  P.  R., 

660,  662 
Barden  v.  Portage,  932,  1177 
Bardwell  v.  Jamaica,  214a 
Bare  v.  Hoffman,  93,  319,  320,  941 
Barelli  v.  Brown,  310 
Barg  V.  Bousfield,  1357 


Barham  v.  Massey,  531a 
Baiholt  V.  Wright,  487 
Barhyte  v.  Hughes,  1042 
Barkalow  v.  Pfeiffer,  656,  657 
Barker  v.  Anderson,  222 

V.  Bates,  943 

V.  Borzone,  858 

V.  Chase,  76 

V.  Cory,  492 

V.  Dixie,  1368 

V.  Green,  98,  547 

V.  Jefferson,  1353 

V.  Knickerbocker  Ins.  Co.,  667 

V.  Lewis  Storage  &  Transfer  Co., 
251,  251a,  315 

V.  Mann,  741,  762 

V.  Prizer,  446 

D.  Taunton,  1147 

V.  Troy  &  Rutland  R.  R.,  656 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  170,  888 

V.  Westover,  431 
Barley  v.  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.,  575,  580 

V.  Mill  Creek  C.  Co.,  924a 
Barlow  w.  Lowder,  98,  364,  365,  372 

V.  United  States,  614 
Barnard  v.  Bartholomew,  308o,  310, 
314 

V.  Conger,  734 

V.  National  F.  I.  Co.,  722a 

V.  Poor,  193,  233,  358 
Bamed  v.  Hamilton,  745 
Barnes  v.  Bartlett,  540 

V.  Berendes,  182 

V.  Bluthenthal,  755 

V.  Brown,  107d,  619,  735o 

V.  Campbell,  47 

V.  Clement,  412 

V.  Coal  Co.,  89 

V.  Columbia  Lead  Co.,  575,  1367 

V.  Cushing,  681a 

V.  Jones,  930a 

V.  Keene,  486c 

V.  Martin,  50,  486 

V.  Michigan  Air  Line  Ry.,  1109 

V.  Seligman,  735a 

I).  Squier,  1031 

w.  Viall,  466 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,    45a,    226;, 
894 

V.  Willett,  553,  554 


2784 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Barnes'  Estate,  In  re,  301c 
Barnett  v.  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.,  862 

V.  Elwood  Grain  Co.,  208a,  734, 
741 

V.  Hughey,  964 

V.  Lucas,  85c 

V.  Luther,  108,  599o 

V.  Montgomery,  982 

V.  Thompson,  517a 
Bamette  v.  Hicks,  1325 
Bamette  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Fort  Harrison 

L.  Co.,  614 
Barney  v.  Dewey,  32 

V.  Douglass,  537,  540 

V.  Dudley,  259,  730 

V.  Saunders,  311e 

V.  Spangler,  667,  673c,  &7Zd 
Bamhart  v.  Edwards^  336 

D.  Hughes,  968 
Bamingham  v.  Smith,  636& 
Bams  V.  Learned,  964,  975 
Bamum  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry., 
584a 

V.  TumbuU,  339a 

V.  Vandusen,  125,  927 
Barnwell  v.  Mitchell,  705 
Baron  v.  Abeel,  920 
Barr  v.  City  of  Kansas,  1363 

V.  Hack,  451 

V.  Haseldon,  304 

V.  Henderson,  618 

V.  Kimball,  990c 

V.  Logan,  753,  755 

V.  Moore,  377,  386 

V.  Omaha,  1130 

V.  Stevens,  35 

V.  Van  Duyn,  660,  670 
Barrall  v.  Quick,  1155 
Barrante  v.  Garratt,  493 
Barre  Water  Co.  v.  Cames,  685i 
Barree  v.  Cape  Girardeau,  1355 
Barrelett  v.  Bellgard,  55 
Barrere  v.  Somps,  302a 
Barrett  v.  Bowers,  685J; 

V.  Grand  Rapids  Veneer  Works, 
Igg,  614 

V.  Kelly,  915 

V.  Mobile,  383c 

V.  Porter,  969 

V.  Raleigh,  C.  &  C.  Co.,  613 


Barrett  v.  Verdery,  753 

Barretts  P.  &  H.  D.  E.  Co.  v.  Wharton, 

620 
Barrick  v.  Schifterdecker,  48  Hun,  355; 
93 

V.  Schifferdecker,    123  N.   Y.   52; 
932 
Barrie  v.  Quimby,  737 
Barrington  v.  Washington  Bank,  694 
Barron  v.  Morrison,  334 

V.  Mullin,  258,  758 

V.  The  Mayor  of  Baltimore,  1107 
Barrow  v.  Amaud,  563 

V.  HiU,  1286b 

V.  Reab,  312,  313o 

V.  Window,  1060 
Barrows  v.  Fox,  942 
Barruso  ».  Madan,  1261 
Barry  v.  Bennett,  81 

V.  Cavanagh,  753 

V.  Chicago  I.  &  S.  L.  S.  L.  Ry.,  925 

V.  Harris,  418 

V.  Kurshan,  1347 

V.  Mandell,  793 
Barstow  v.  Robinson,  308a 
Bartells  v.  Redfield,  340 
Bartelt  v.  Braunsdorf,  975 
Bartenbach,  In  re,  302 
Barth  v.  Burt,  1073 

V.  Kansas  City  El.  Ry.,  573o,  574 

V.  Merritt,  1326 

V.  Union  Nat.  Bank,  257 

V.  Ward,  980 
Barthgate  v.  Haskin,  343 
Bartholomew  v.  Bentley,  32 

V.  Jackson,  673d 
Bartlett  v.  Bangor,  1160a 

V.  Blanchard,  734 

V.  Blanton,  334 

V.  Brickett,  537 

V.  Farrington,  1058 

V.  Hohnes,  1043 

V.  Kidder,  78,  83 

V.  Marshall,  302a 

V.  Odd  Fellows'  S.  Bank,  834? 

V.  Slater,  301c 

V.  Smith,  1007 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  874,  876 

V.  Wheeler,  681a 
Bartlett,  In  re,  301c 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2786 


Bartley  v.  Richtmyer,  474 

V.  TrorUcht,  1262 
Barton  v.  Bruley,  488 

».  Fisk,  685i 

V.  Glover,  418 

V.  ShuU,  691a 
Barton-Child  Co>  v^  Scarborough,  734 
Barton  Coal  Co.  v.  Cox,,  836,  363a,  935 
Bartram  v.  Hering,  984,  1009 
Bartsh  v.  Afewaiter,  267 
Bascom  v.  Manning,  1072 
Bash  V.  Bash,  1020 
Basham  v.   Hammond  Packing   Co., 

1216 
Baster  v.  Nichols,  89 
Bass  V.  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  36  Wisi  450; 
357,  380 

V.  Chicago  &  N,  W.  R.  R.,,  39  Wis. 
636;  1328 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  42  Wis. 
654;  379 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  885 

D.  West,  70,  127a,  988 
Bassett  v.  Bassett,  1012a 

V.  Fairohild,  673e 

V.  French,  666 

V.  Kinney,  3116 

V.  Salisbury  Manuf.  Co.,  33,  99 

V.  Sanboim,  301,  657,  824a 
Bastable  v.  Denegal,  819 
Bastard  v.  Bastard,  841 
Basten  v.  Butter,  1036,  1037 
Baaye  w.  Ambrose,  408>  413 
Batchelder  v.  Bartholomew,  1275 

V.  Sturgis,  156,  60S,  967,  975,  976, 
979,  980a 
Bate  V.  Burr,  308 

V.  Philadelphia,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1160 
Bateman  v.  Goodyear,  930o 

V.  Ryder,  2&1 
Bateman,  Ex  parte,  623,  817 
Batemann  ».  Cook,  367 
Bates  V.  Callender,  360,  373a 

V.  Clark,  55,  494,  5636 

V.  Courtwright,  60 

V.  Fisk  Brothers'  Wagon  Co.,  764 

V.  Hamilton,  305 

V.  Hudson,  673/ 

V.  Loomis,  107a 

V.  Ray,  942 

175 


Bates  V.  St.  Johnsbuty  &  L.  C.  R.  R., 
323,  1221,  1244 

V.  Stansell,  519 

V.  Starr,  310 

V.  Warrick,  76  N.  J>.  L.  108.;  932 

V.  Warrick,  77  N.  J.  L.  387;  182a 

V.  Wilson,  334 

V.  Wynn,  3016 
Bates  Mach.  Co.  v.  Norton  Iron  Works, 

165,  742a 
Bathke  v.  Krassin,  1338 
Bathrick  v.  Coffin,  193 
Batson  v.  Higginbothem,  99,  347 
Battell  V.  Wallace,  449 
Batten  v.  Transit  Co.,  485a 
Batterman  U:  Pierce,  1046,  1047,  1D53 
Batterson  v.  Chicago  &  G.  T.  Ry.,  47, 

865 
Battey  v.  Holbrook,  675e,  676 
Battis  V.  Hamlin,  531a 
Battishill  v.  Reed,  74 
Battle  V.  Rochester  City  Bank,  1012a 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Cov,  894 
Battler,  The,  598 
Battley  «.  Faulkner,  84,  773 
Baudin  v.  Pollock,  334 
Bauer  v.  Gottmanhausen,  384a 

V.  OUendorf,  1347 

V.  Richter,  574,  574a 

V.  Roth,  789 
Bauer  Grocer  Co.  v.  Zelle,.  324a 
Baughan  v.  Brown,  633o 
Baum  V.  Reed,  334 
Bauman  v.  Lamont,  1336 

V.  New  Castle,  1151 
Baumgartenv.  Alliance  j^ssur.  Coi,  370 
Baumier  v.  Antiau,  930 
Bautel  V.  American  Mach.  Co.,  980a 
Baxendale  v.  l,ondon,  C.  &  D.  Ry.,  236, 

240,  241,  850 
Baxley  v.  Tallassee  &  M.  R.  R.,  843, 

843a 
Baxter  v.  Bradbury,  977' 

V.  Camjjbeir,  363,  387 

V.  Dominion  Tel.  Co.,  876 

V.  Gilson  Collins  Co.,  740 

V.  Magill,  365 

V.  Ryerss,  956,  982 

V.  State,  988a 

V.  Taylor,  74 


2786 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[Eeferences  are  to  sections] 


Baxter  v.  Waite,  310 

V.  Wales,  606c 

V.  Winooski  Turnpike  Co.,  35,  946 
Bay  Shore  R.  R.  v.  Harris,  86c 
Bayard  v.  Inglis,  905 
Baychester  Ave.,  In  re,  1172o 
Bayle  v.  Norris,  934 
Bayles  v.  Savery  Hotel  Co.,  1363 
Bayley  v.  Bates,  544,  557 
Baylis  v.  Scudder,  685m 
Bayliss  v.  Fisher,  55,  435 

V.  Pearson,  339(t 
Bayly  v.  Lawrence,  999d 
Baynard  v.  Harity,  148 
Bazemore  v.  Bynum,  676 
Bazin  v.  Steamship  Co.,  317,  844 
Beach  v.  CoUes,  310a 

V.  Grain,  89,  636fe,  999ft 

V.  Hancock,  42,  481 

V.  Mullin,  674 

V.  Nordman,  982 

V.  Stouffer,  673d 
Beakes  v.  Holman,  991 
Beal  V.  Finch,  431,  1279 
Beale  v.  Boston,  243c,  252,  1178 

V.  Hayes,  413,  679 

V.  Seiveley,  973 

V.  Thompson,  983 
Beall  V.  Beall,  336 
.      V.  Pearre,  1072 

V.  Silver,  334 
Beals  V.  Guernsey,  295,  317 

».  Supervisors,  337 

V.  Terry,  734 
Beam  v.  Beatty,  678,  679a 
Beaman  v.  Martha  Washington  Min. 
Co.,  575 

V.  Stewart,  565 
Bean  v.  Carleton,  197,  618 

V.  Chapman,  340c 

V.  Green,  1254 

V.  Harrington,  973 

V.  Mayo,  973 

V.  Travelers'  Ins.  Co.,  731 

V.  Wells,  439/ 
Bear  ».  Harriss,  121o 
Bearce  v.  Jackson,  956 
Beard  v.  Delany,  408,  1008 
Bearden  v.  Smith,  408 
Beardmore  v.  Barton,  1342 


Beardmore  v.  Carrington,  350 
Beardslee  v.  Horton,  305 
Beardsley  v.  Bridgman,  448(2 

V.  Davis,  817 

V.  Lehigh  V.  Ry.,  1164 

V.  Root,  797 

V.  Swann,  41,  226/,  483 

V.  Webber,  302a 
Beare  v.  Wright,  777 
Bearse  v.  Pigs  of  Copper,  599c 
Bearss  v.  Preston,  82 
Beasley  v.  Meigs,  447 

V.  Philips,  961,  976,  979 

V.  Swinton,  1027 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894 
Beath  v.  Rapid  Ry.,  47,  1270,  1270a 
Beatrice  Gas  Co.  v.  Thomas,  924,  948 
Seattle  v.  Detroit,  226/ 

V.  Moore,  1368,  1369 

V.  New  York  &  L.  I.  C.  Co.,  612 

V.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R., 
610 
Beatty  v.  How  Lumber  Co.,  655o 

V.  Oille,  109 
Beauchamp  v.  Damory,  963,  975 

V.  Taylor,  91 
Beaudrot  v.  Southern  Ry.,  363,  387 
Beauerle  v.  Michigan  C.  Ry.,  1216 
Beaulieu  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  45, 
856a 

V.  Parsons,  1326 
Beaumont  v.  Greathead,  105 
Beaumont  Lumber  Co.  v.  Ballard,  69 
Beaupland  v.  McKeen,  975,  977 
Beaupre  v.  Pacific  &  Atlantic  Telegraph 

Co.,  879 
Beave  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  1363 
Beaver  County  v.  Armstrong,  346 
Beavers  v.  Bowen,  481 
Beck  «.  Devereaux,  89 

„.  Dowell,  111  Mo.  506;  385 

V.  Dowell,  40  Mo.  App.  71;  490, 
1271a 

V.  Indianapolis  L.  &  P.  Co.,  423 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1142 

V.  Thompson,  108  Ga.  242;  665 

V.  Thompson,  31  W.  Va.  459;  359, 
481 

V.  Staats,  962,  1012 

V.  West,  834c 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2787 


Becker  v.  Albany  Ry.,  1347,  1360 

V.  Bailies,  81 

V.  Dunham,  82,  565 

V.  Dupree,  363,  364,  366,  378 

V.  Feizenbaum,  4926 

V.  Lincoln  R.  E.  &  B.  Co.,  486 

V.  Met.  EI.  R.  R.,  1208 

V.  People,  688 

V.  Philadelphia  &  R.  T.  R.  R.,  331o, 
1169 

V.  Staab,  533 
Beckerle  v.  Brandon,  1254 
Beckett  v.  Grand  T.  Ry.,  67a 

V.  Midland  Ry.,  1092,  1093,  1097 
Beckford  v.  Hood,  543 

V.  Montague,  557 
Beckham  v.  Collins,  361 

V.  Drake,  399,  413 
Beckley  v.  Munson,  806 
Beckman  v.  Fulton  Counties  Farmers' 
Mut.  F.  Ins.  Assoc,  725 

V.  Lincohi  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  1165c 

V.  Skaggs,  234 
Beckwith  v.  Hartford  &  N.  H.  R.  R.,  325 

V.  Nott,  636g 

V.  Talbot,  625 
Bedell  v.  Powell,  1266 

V.  Shaw,  916 
Bedford  v.  Bedford,  921 

V.  Dawson,  1096 

V.  Hoi-Tan  Co.,  760 
BediQgfield  v.  Onslow,  931 
Bedtkey  v.  Bedtkey,  443 
Bee  Printing  Co.  v.  Hichbom,  650,  656, 

1289 
Bee  Pub.  Co.  v.  World  Pub.  Co.,  358 
Beebe  v.  Newark,  331a 
Beeoher  v.  Baldwin,  969,  979,  1041 

V.  Denniston,  493 

V.  Derby  Bridge  Co.,  234,  359 

V.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  1367 
Beecker  v.  Vrooman,  1060 
Beede  v.  Lamprey,  499,  502 
Beekman  v.  Van  Dolsen,  803 
Beekman  L.  Co.  v.  Kittrell,  614 
Beeler  v.  Butte  &  L.  C.  D.  Co.,  4106 
Beeman  v.  Banta,  620,  766 
Beers  v.  Board  of  Health,  224 

V.  Hamburg-American  Packet  Co., 
131,  441 


Beers  v.  Reynolds,  308 

V.  Walhizer,  1255 
Beeson  v.  Green  Mountain  G.  M.  Co., 

573a 
Beeston  v.  CoUyer,  664 
Beetz  V.  Brookljm,  126(i 
Beetem  v.  Follmer,  1012 
Befoy  V.  Wilson,  934a 
Beggarly  v.  Craft,  4486 
Begole  V.  McKenzie,  660 
Begue  V.  Herbert,  337 
Behm  v.  Damm,  1298 

V.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  890 
Behrens  v.  McKenzie,  6856 
Beidler  v.  Fish,  134 

V.  Sanitary  District,  1138 
Beir  v.  Cooke,  924,  1208 
Beiser  v.  Grever  &  Twaite  Co.,  36a 
Beisiegel  v.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  1303 
Belair  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  1328 
Belch  V.  Big  Store  Co.,  625 
Belck  V.  Belck,  364 
Belden  v.  Nicolay,  734,  747 

V.  Perkins,  79,  80 

V.  Seymour,  965 
Belding  v.  Black  Hills  &  Ft.  P.  R.  R., 
5706 

V.  Blum,  996 

V.  Johnson,  1255 
Belfast  &  B.  Ry.  v.  Keys,  873 
Belford,  Clark  &  Co.  v.  Scribner,  12466 
Belfour  v.  Raney,  107a 
Belgenland,  The,  589,  593,  594 
Belknap  v.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  380, 
385,  1330 

V.  Godfrey,  1074 
Bell,  The,  595,  596 
Bell  V.  Amdt,  3116 

V.  Atlantic  C.  R.  R.,  1337 

V.  Bamet,  909a 

V.  Bell,  20  Ga.  250;  1256h 

V.  Bell,  25  S.  C.  149;  325 

V.  Boston,  1154c 

V.  Boyd,  797 

V.  Camm,  12866 

V.  Campbell,  537,  538 

V.  Cunmngham,  156,  428,  825 

V.  Daniels,  1220,  1226 

V.  Famsworth,  451 

V.  G.  Ober  &  Sons  Co.,  497d 


2788 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Bell  V.  Giberson,  638a,  639 

V.  Globe  Lumber  Co.,  1356 

V.  Great  N.  Ry.,  43fe,  861 

V.  Gulf  &  C.  R.  R.,  481 

V.  Hatfield,  753 

V.  Hayden,,  999A 

V.  Jordan,  734 

V.  Keays,  606a 

V.  Logan,  295 

V.  McCUntock,  940 

V.  Medford,  913 

V.  Mendenhall,  310 

».  Midland  Ry.,  360 

V.  Mills,  768 

V.  Morrison,  490,,  1279,  1328 

V.  Morse,  1337 

V.  Mut.  Maeh.  Co.,  121d 

V.  Norris,  1263 

V.  Park,  451 

V.  Paul,  679a 

V.  Reynolds,  191,  734 

V.  Rice,  304 

V.  Teague,  656 

V.  Truit,  424 

V.  U.  S.  Stamping  Co.,  1225,  1231 

V.  Walker,  606a,  620 

u.  Ward,  1031 
Bellamy  v.  Ragsdale,  1017 
Seller  v.  Levy,.  1347,  1355 
Bellinger  v.  New  York  Central  R.  R., 

1112,  1182 
Bellingham,  The,  587 
Bellingham  Bay,  etc.,  R.  R.  v.  Straad,, 

331a,  1171,  1174 
Belloc  V.  Davis,  269 
Belloni  v.  Freeborn,  789 
Bellows  V.  Litchfield,  959 
Belmont    Mining    &    Milling    Co.    v. 

Costigan,  73,  685;i 
Belt  V.  Lawes,  1330 

V.  Washington  W.  P.  Co.,  630 

V.  Worthington,  78,  529 
Belting  v.  Hobbett,  684 
Belton  V.  Lockett,  490 

V.  London  County  Council,  1084 
Belvidere  City  Ry.  v.  Bute,  1364 
Belyea  v.  Minneapolis,  226/,  486 
Bement  v.  Smith,  751 
Bemis  v.  Gannett,  685 
Bemmerly  v.  Woodward,  311a 


Bench  v.  Potts,  741 

V.  Sheldon,  439a 
Bender  v.  Bender,  651 

V.  Brooks,  935 

V.  Fromberger,  38,  959,  960 
Bender   Lumber    Co.    v.    Wilmington 

Iron  Works,  742o 
Bendemagle  v.  Cocks,  636?,  636/i 
Bendich  v.  Scobel,  226c,  386,  932 
Benedict  v.  Goit,  1108 

V.  Guardian  Trust  Co.,  777 
Benesch  v.  WeU,  531 
Benham  v.  Dunbar,  1295 
Benjamin  v.  Benjamin,  936 

V.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  948 

V.  Hillard,  764 

V.  Stremple,  78 
Benjamin  F.  Hunt,  Jr.,  The,  589 
Benkard  v.  Babcock,  340B,  991 
Benner  v.  Phoenix  Towing  &  Transp. 

Co.,  610 
Benners  v.  Clemens,  274 
Bennet  v.  Jenkins,  3016 

V.  Johnson,  310 
Bennett  v.  Alcot,  929,  1326 

V.  Bartlett,  774 

V.  Beam,  53,  638,  638o,  639,  641c 

V.  Bennett,  448d 

V.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  1254, 
1358 

V.  Brown,  680 

V.  Buchan,  30,  376,  634 

V.  Buchanan,  799 

V.  Byram,  841 

V.  ClMnence,  935a 

V.  Cook,  343 

V.  DowUng,  803 

V.  Drew,  844 

V.  Dyer,  163 

V.  Gibbons,  234,  359 

V.  Jenkins,  959,  981 

V.  Lambert,  685Z 

V.  Latham,  303 

V.  Levi,  1249,  1366 

V.  Lockwood,  226c,  437,  540 

V.  Marion,  102  la.  425;  380b 

V.  Marion,  106  la.  628;  1110,  1148 

V.  Matthews,  447 

V.  Morton,  667 

V.  New  Orleans,  1112 


TABLiE   OF  CASES 


2789 


(References 

Bennett  v.  Phelps,  6556 

V.  Salisbury,  378 

V.  Smith,  21  Barb.  439;  480 

V.  Smith,  23  Hmi  50;  383a 

V.  Telegraph  Co.,  8946 

V.  Thompson,  502,  933,  934 

V.  Woody,  1140 
Bennett  Water  Co.  v.  Millvale,  632 
Bennum  v.  Coursey,  96,  98 
Bensel  v.  Lynch,  554 
Bensinger  v.  Erhardt,  1023 
Benson  v.  Altoona   &   L.   V.   E.   iRy., 
1306 

V.  Atwood,  219 

V.  Central  P.  R.  R.,  119 

V.  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.,  91,  924 

V.  Connor,  1266,  435,  435o 

V.  Gibson,  395 

V.  Maiden  &  M.  G.  L.  Co.,  236d 

V.  New  Jersey  JR.  R.  «fe  T.  Co.,  856 

V.  Port  Huron  Co.,  762 

V.  Waukesha,  107c,  109 

V.  Wilmington,  948 
Benson  Mining  &  S.  Co.  v.  Alta  Min- 
ing &  S.  Co.,  935 
Bentley  v.  Atlanta,  1110 

V.  Fischer  L.  &  M.  Co.,  121<i,  128, 
233,  363o,  1344 

V.  We^,  310 
Benton  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  575 

V.  Craig,  303 

V.  Fay,  153,  190,  195,  208a,  74Q, 
742 
Benton  Comity  v.  Rutherford,  978 
Bentonville  R.  R.  v.  Baker,  1156 
Bentz  V.  Northwestern  Aid  Assoc,  732 
Benziger  v.  Miller,  149,  607 
Bercich  v.  Marye,  539 
Beresford  v.  McCune,  762 
Berg  V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  226; 

V.  Parsons,  932 

V.  R.  R.,  366,  380 

V.  U.  S.  Leather  Co.,  226/ 
Berger  v.  Commercial  Bank,  301a 

V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1360 
Bergeron  v.  Miles,  439i 

V.  Peyton,  465 
Bergheim  v.  Blaenavon,  419 
Bergmann  v.  Jones,  360,  364,  377 
Bergundthal  v.  Bailey,  310 


.are  to  sections] 

Bering  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Peterson,  4866 
Beringer  v.  Dubuque  St.  R.  R.,  1348 
Berkey  &  G.  Furniture  Co.  v.  HascaU, 

742 
Berkner  v.  Danneberg,  487a 
Berley  v.  Seaboard  A.  L.  Ry.,  862 
Berlin  v.  Thompson,  264 
Bernard  v.  Duncan,  1023 
Berner  v.  Bagnall,  314 
Barney  v.  Dinsmore,  1296 
Bernhard  v.  Curtis,  984,  984a 

D.  Rochester  G.  I.  Co.,  314o,  315 
Bemheimer  v.  Becker,  363 
Bernier  v.  St.  Paul  Gas%bt  Co.,  1357 
Bernina,  The,  588 
Bernstein  v.  Meech,  607 
Beronio  v.  Southern  Pacific  R.  R.,  .95, 

1154 
Berrian  v.  Olmstead,  993 
Berrinkott  v.  Trophagen,  416 
Berry  v.  Bakeman,  '641 

V.  Central  Ry.,  1326 

V.  Colling  664a 

V.  DaCosta,  639,  639o 

V.  Diamond,  1063 

V.  Dwinel,  246,  739 

ti.  Fletcher,  363a,  364,  365,  366 

V.  Folkes,  310o 

V.  Greenville,  2215 

V.  Harris,  .633a 

t>.  Ingalls,  226c 

V.  Kelly,  83 

V.  St.  Louis,  M.  &  S.  E.  R.  R., 
1355 

V.  San  Francisco  &  N.  P.  R.  R., 
214c 

V.  Shannon,  762,  762a 

V.  Vantries,  374,  540 

V.  Van  Winkle,  997 

V.  Vreeland,  428,  1325 

V.  Wasserman,  684 

V.  Wisdom,  413 
Berryman  v.  Cox,  490 
Berthold  v.  Fox,  538 

V.  Reybum,  3406 
Bertholf  v.  O'Reilly,  1250 
Bertrand  v.  Byrd,  656,  657 
Bertsoh  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry  ,  1355 
Berwald  v.  Ray,  682o 
Besch  V.  Western  C.  M.  Co.,  673d 


2790 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Bessemer,  L.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Campbell,  579 

V.  Jenkins,  43a,  929,  1343 
Bessent  v.  Harris,  821 
Bessinger  v.  Dickerson,  692c 
Besso  V.  Southworth,  948 
Best  V.  Allen,  930 

V.  Hill,  1031 
Besuden  v.  Hamilton  County,  107a 
Batcher  v.  Hodgman,  339a 
Bethea  v.  McLennon,  527 
Bethel  v.  Salem  Imp.  Co.,  6226 
Bethlehem    South    G.    &    W.   Co.    v. 

Yoder,  1159 
Bethune  v.  McCrary,  704 
Betteley  v.  Stainsby,  817 
Bettes  V.  Farewell,  339a 
Betting  v.  Hobbett,  1249 
Betts  V.  Gibbins,  834 

V.  WilUamsburgh,  1128 
Beverage  v.  Lewis,  1135 

V.  Park  Comm'rs,  331a 

v.  Rockport,  1350 

V.  Welch,  363,  545,  565 

V.  West  Side  Const.  Co.,  414 
Beverly  v.  Burke,  916 
Bevier  v.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co.,  214 
Bevin  v.  Connecticut  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  729 
Bevis  V.  Vanceburg  Tel.  Co.,  363 
Beyersdorf  v.  Sump,  60 
Beymer  v.  McBride,  205,  222,  667 
Bezzell  v.  White,  808a 
Bibb  V.  Allen,  834 

V.  Freeman,  966 
Bibb  B.  C.  Co.  V.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F. 

Ry.,  119 
Bibend  v.  Liverpool,  etc.,  Ins.  Co.,  334 
Bick  V.  Lang,  682 
Bickell  V.  Colton,  313a,  516 
Bickford  v.  Hyde  Park,  1119 

V.  Page,  966 

V.  Rich,  341 
Bicknell  v.  Buck,  756 

V.  Waterman,  2796,  313a 
Bicknese  v.  Brandl,  1345 
Biddeford  Savings  Bank  v.  Dwelling 

House  Ins.  Co.,  725 
Biddle  v.  Hussman,  999d 
Bideford   Urban  Council  v.   Bideford 

Ry.,  932 
Bidwell  V.  Madison,  833 


Bien  v.  Hess,  991 

Bierbach  v.  Goodyear  R.  Co.,  181 

Bierbauer  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R. 

R.,  1326 
Bierer  v.  Fretz,  1012,  1018,  1020 
Bierhaus  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  886,  887 
Biering  v.  First  Nat.  Bank  of  Galves- 
ton, 359,  565 
Bierne  v.  Brown,  278 
Big  Hill  Coal  Co.  v.  Abney,  574a 
Big  Sandy  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Blankenship, 

1363 
Big  Sandy  Ry.  v.  Dils,  1162 
Bigaouette  v.  Paulet,  48 
Bigelow  V.  American  F.  P.  Mfg.  Co., 
222,  667 

V.  Bridge,  6926 

V.  Chicago,  B.  &  N.  Ry.,  842 

t).  Doolittle,  317,  538 

V.  Hartford  Bridge  Co.,  35 

V.  Jones,  962 

V.  Legg,  755 

V.  Walker,  822 

V.  West  Wisconsin  R.  R.,  454 
Bigelow  Co.  V.  Heintze,  492a,  494a 
Bigg  V.  London,  1097,  1169 
Biggie  V.  Chicago,  B.  &  O.  R.  R.,  1355 
Biggins  V.  Goode,  61,  990a 
Biggs  V.  McCurley,  209,  991,  992 
Bigham  v.  Wabash-Pittsburg  T.  Ry., 

619 
Bigler  v.  Morgan,  1017 

V.  Waller,  340c 
Bignall  v.  Gould,  408,  410 
Bigony  v.  Tyson,  408 
Billingfelt  v.  Adamstown,  1142,  1168 
Billings  V.  Snohomish,  1346 

V.  Vanderbeck,  734,  753 
Billingsbley  v.  Billingsbley,  334 

V.  Maas,  1337 
Billmeyer  v.  Wagner,  149,  734 
Bilz  V.  Powell,  407 
Binford  v.  Grimes,  685^ 

V.  Johnston,  126d,  570a 

V.  Young,  360,  377 
Bingham  v.  Evans,  1020 

V.  Gaynor,  364 

V.  Lipman,  379 

V.  Richardson,  416 

V,  Vanbuskirk,  688o 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


[References 

Bingham  v.  Walla  Walla,  183 

V.  Weiderwax,  964 
Binicker  v.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  R.  R.,  856 
Binns  v.  McCorkle,  448(i 

V.  Vitagraph  Co.,  47 
Binsse  v.  Wood,  302 
Birch  V.  Clofford,  991 

V.  Joy,  1025 

V.  Lake  Roland  E.  Ry.,  1157 

V.  Wood,  984 
Birchard  v.  Booth,  86c,  385,  1261 
Bird  V.  Clark,  226c 

V.  Kleiner,  1028 

V.  Lobdell,  339a 

V.  Randall,  678,  679 

V.  Thompson,  639 

V.  W.  &  M.  R.  R.,  371o 

V.  Womack,  59 
Birdsall  v.  Carter,  762 

».  CooUdge,     1219,     1220,     1221, 
1230a,  1234,  1241 

V.  Twenty-third  St.  Ry.,  416 
Birdsall  Co.  v.  Palmer,  762a 
Birdsell  v.  Shaliol,  1219 
Birdsell  Manufacturing  Co.  v.  Brown, 

823 
3irdsong  v.  Ellis,  667 
Birkel  v.  Chandler,  486c 
Birket  v.  Williams,  933 
Birkett  v.  Knickerbocker  Ice  Co.,  575 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Birmingham  D.  G.  Co.  v.  Finley,  682 
Birmingham  F.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Pulver,  722 
Birmingham  M.  R.  R.  v.  Tennessee 

C.  I.  &  R.  R.,  934 
Birmingham   Nat.   Bank  v.   Newport 

Nat.  Bank,  241 
Birmingham  R.    &   E.   Co.  v.  Baird, 
1342 

V.  Ward,  47 
Birmingham  R.  L.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Ander- 
son, 227 

V.  Camp,  171 

V.  Chastain,  1365 

V.  Humphries,  486a 

V.  Lavender,  1365 

V.  Lee,  366 

V.  Moore,  1352 

V.  Nolan,  1342 

V.  Turner,  1342 


2791 

are  to  sections] 

Birmingham  R.  L.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Wise,  368 

V.  Wright,  482,  484,  485 
Birmingham  S.  Ry.  v.  Lintner,  85c 
Birmingham  W.  W.  Co.  v.  Ferguson, 
1216 

V.  Vinter,  45a 
Bimey  v.  New  York  &  W.  P.  T.  Co., 

875 
Bisbey  v.  Shaw,  452 
Bischof  V.  Lucas,  1074 
Bischoff  V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  1191, 

1201 
Bischoffsheim  v.  Baltzer,  303 
Biscoe  V.  Great  Eastern  Ry.,  1089 
Bishop  V.  Autographic  R.  Co.,  752, 
1330 

V.  Church,  675c 

V.  Hendrick,  233 

V.  Journal  Newspaper  Co.,  450 

V.  Price,  657 

V.  St.  Paul  aty  Ry.,  1354 

V.  Sniffen,  340 

V.  Williamson,  5636 
Bishop  Hill  Colony  v.  Edgerton,  301 
Bispham  v.  Pollock,  298 
Bissell  V.  Dickerson,  695 

V.  Erwin,  962 

V.  Hopkins,  295,  336 
Bisson  V.  Joyce,  55a 
BistUne  v.  Ney,  1255 
Bitner  v.  Brough,  1009 

V.  Utah  Cent.  Ry.,  1363 
Bitting  V.  United  States,  642 
Bixby  V.  Dunlap,  358,  376 

V.  Parsons,  674,  1066 
Bixby-Theison  L.  Co.  v.  Evans,  622 
Bizer  v.  Ottumwa  Hydraulic  P.  Co., 

95 
Black  V.  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  363 

V.  Baxendale,  856 

V.  Black,  497a 

V.  Camden  &  A.  R.  R.  &  T.  Co., 
316,  852 

V.  CarroUton  R.  R.,  iSg,  336,  376, 
1330 

V.  Charlestown  &  W.  C.  Ry.,  371a 

V.  Coan,  968 

V.  DeCamp,  734,  742 

V.  Gamer,  909a,  915 

V.  Goodman,  305 


2792 

[RefereDces 

Black  V.  Goodrich  Transportation  Co., 
851 

V.  Highland  S.  S.  Co.,  937o 

V.  Hilliker,  540 

V.  Minneapolis  &  S.  L.  R.  R.,  937o 

V.  Munson,  1222,  1232a 

V.  Queen,  677 

V.  R.  R.,  316 

I).  Reybold,  295,  308a 

V.  Robinson,  317 

V.  Thome,  1233,  1234 

V.  Woodrow,  615,  6556 
Black  Prince,  The,  592,  593 
Black  River  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Barnard, 

1146,  1150,  1171,  1185 
Black  River  L.  Co.  v.  Warner,  608,  751, 

752,  753,  765 
Blackburn  v.  Kentucky  Cent.  R.  R., 
883 

V.  Mann,  640a 
Blacker  v.  Slown,  762 
Blackettt).  Royal  Exch.  Assur.  Co.,  716 
Blackfeather  v.  United  States,  310 
Blackie  v.  Cooney,  317,  538 
Blackman  v.  Clements,  549 

V.  Gardiner  &  P.  Bridge,  481,  485 
Blackmer  &  P.  P.  Co.  v.  Mobile  &  O. 

R.  R.,  852 
Blackshear   M.   F.   G.   Co.   v.  Stone, 

1031 
Blackstone  v,  Alemannia  F.  I.  Co.,  728 
Blackwell  v.  Hill,  486c 

V.  Justices,  960 

V.  Lawrence  Co.,  959,  1012 

t;.  McBride,  959,  964,  976,  982 
Blackwood  v.  Brennan,  755 

V  Leman,  308 

V.  Tanner,  944 
Blades  I).  Des  Moines  City  Ry.,  1356 
Blaechinska  v.  Howard   Mission,  etc., 

486 
Blaen  Avon  Coal  Co.  v.  McCuUoh,  502, 

935 
Slagen  v.  Thompson,  620,  631 
Blagg  V.  The  Bicknell,  599c 
Blair  v.  Bloomingtoc  &  N.  R.  E.  &  H. 
Co.,  486o 

V.  Charleston,  1123,  1144 

V.  Claxton,  999d 

V.  Laflin,  834<i 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


are  to  sections] 

Blair  v.  Milwaukee  &  P.  du  C.  R.  R., 
1290 

V.  Reading,  237 

V.  Sioux  C.  &  P.  R'y.,  857a 
Blair  Iron  &  Goal  Co.  v.  Lloyd,  363, 

364,  366,  387,  935 
Blake  v.  Bumham,  966,  981 

V.  Ferris,  810 

V.    Greenwood    Cemetery,    1219, 
1232a 

V.  Krom,  3146 

V.  Lord,  1216 

V.  Midland  Ry.,  67o,  573,  S73o 

V.  Quash,  340c 

V.  Robertson,  1215,  1232a,  1234 
Blakeley  v.  Bogard,  682,  682a 

V.  Jacobson,  308,  310 

V.  Duncan,  531 

V.  R.  R.,  1141 
Blak-eman  v.  Sherwood,  692A 
Blakeney  v.  Ferguson,  685 
Blakeslee  v.  Holt,  656 
Blanchard  v.  Baker,  99 

V.  Blanchard,  976 

V.  Ely,  190,  6076,  762,  992,  999^8 

V.  Hoxie,  964,  975 

V.  Morris,  1326 

V.  New  Jersey  S.  B.  Co.,  594,  595, 
1298 
Blanchard's  G.  S.  T.  Factory  v.  Warner, 

235,  1246 
Bland  v.  Hixenbaugh,  1131 
Blanden  v.  H.  Dodge,  1110 
Blaney  v.  Hendricks,  287,  311 
Blasdale  v.  Babcock,  774 
Blass  V.  Lee,  565,  565o 
Blate  V.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  172 
Blatz  V.  Rohrbach,  1255 
Blaul  V.  Tharp,  682 
Blazek  v.  McCartin,  459 
Bleaden  v.  Charles,  705 
Bleakley  v.  Sheridan,  312 
Bledsoe  v.  Nixon,  345 
Bleecher  v.  Colorado  &  S.  Ry.,  45o 
Blesch  V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  924o 
Blessing  v.  Beatty,  1016 
Blevins  v.  Smith,  973,  976 
Blewett  V.  Front  St.  C.  R.  R.,  410, 676 

V.  Miller,  494c,  565o,  692i 
Blight  V.  Ewing.  913 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[Kef  erences  are  to  sections] 


2793 


BUncoe  v.  Choctaw,  0.  &  W.  R.  R., 

1123,  1169 
Bliss  V.  Ball,  Q2Qa,  933 

V.  Buffalo  Tin  Can  Co.,  734 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  85c 
Blitch  V.  Edwards,  1012 
Blizzard  v.  Applegate,  1271a 
Block  V.  Ebner,  991 

V.  Estes,  808a 

V.  Haseltine,  36o 

V.  Milwaukee  St.  Ry.,  172 
Block-Pollak   Iron   Co.   v.   Cincinnati 

C.  I.  Co.,  646a 
Blocker  v.  Schoff,  448fe 
Blodget  V.  Columbia  Live  Stack  Co., 
416 

V.  Brattleboro,  363,  545,  551 

V.  Converse,  303 

V.  Hitt,  909a,  914 

V.  Stone,  101 
Blofield  V.  Payne,  100 
Blogg  V.  Johnson,  301c,  3116 
Blood  V.  Herring,  614,  615 

V.  Wilkins,  829,  968,  972 
Bloodgood  V.  Ingolsby,  1067 
Blood  worth  v.  Stevens,  1057 
Bloom  V.  Manhattan  El.  Ry.,  1270 

V.  National  U.  B.  Savings  &  Loan 
Co.,  170,  830 
Bloomfield  v.  Finn,  1335 
Bloomfield,  etc.,  Natural  Gas  Light  Co. 

V.  Calkins,  1172a 
Bloomington  v.  Brokaw,  1110 

V.  Chamberlain,  180 

V.  Miller,  1138 

V.  Pollock,  1138 
Bloomquist  v.  Minneapolis  F.  Co.,  121b 
Bloss  V.  Johnson,  311a 
Blossom  V.  Knox,  966 
Blossom,  The,  589,  592 
Blot  V.  Boiceau,  170a,  812,  822 
Blount  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894a 
Blownt  V.  Windley,  1032 
Blow  V.  Maynard,  801 
Blue  Earth  Co.  v.  St.  Paul  &  S.  C.  R. 

R.,  253,  1148 
Bluefields  Banana  Co.  v.  Wollfe,  667 
Bluemner  v.  Garvin,  650 
Blum  V.  Gaines,  691(i 

V.  Higgins,  1326 


Blum  V.  Merchant,  198 

V.  Southern  P.  P.  C.  Co.,  873a 
Blumantle  n.  Fitchburg  R.  R.,  873 
Blume  V.  Scheer,  1326,  1332 
Blumenthal  v.  Brainerd,  317,  844 

V.  Bridges,  834d 

V.  Prescott,  992 
Blumhardit  v.  Rohr,  47,  443 
Blun  V.  Holitzer,  665 
Blunck  V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  937 
Blunk  V.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R., 

458,  459 
Blunt  V.  Aikin,  949 

V.  Little,  1330 

•V.  McCormick,  93,  924 
Bly  V.  Edison  Elec.  Illuminating  Co., 
926 

V.  U.  S.,  502 
Blydenburgh  v.  Welsh,  245,  734 
Blymer  Ice  Mach.  Co.  v.  McDonald, 

312 
Blythe  v.  Tompkins,  241,  463 
Board  v.  Moore,  691o 
Board  of  Commissioners  v.  Geer,  337 

V.  Security  Bank,  692/ 

V.  Trees,  654 

V.  Wolff,  647 
Board  of  Directors  v.  Roach,  6226 
Board  of  Education  v.  Jewell,  692/ 

V.  Kanawha  &  M.  R.  R.,  1144 

V.  Robinson,  692e 
Board  of  Justices  v.  Fennimore,  305, 

692/ 
Board  of  Park  Comrs.  v.  Donahue,  95 
Board  of  Public  Improvements,  In  re, 

1113 
Board  of  Rapid  Transit  Comrs.,  In  re, 

1151 
Board  of  Trade  Tel.  Co.  v.  Darst,  1149, 

1149a 
Boardman  v.  Goldsmith,  387 

V.  Keeler,  1014 

V.  Marshalltown  Grocery  Co.,  101, 
109,  361 

V.  Paige,  807 

V.  Ward,  671 
Boarman  v.  Patterson,  334 
Boatwright  v.  Stewart,  467,  682,  682a 
Bocard  v.  State,  692/ 
Bochat  V.  Knisley,  1361 


2794 


TABLE   Of   CASES 


[References 

Bockenstedt  v.  Perkins,  692/ 

Bockes  V.  A.  Mafee  &  Son  Co.,  933 

Bockoven  v.  Lincoln,  1167 

Boddam  v.  Riley,  284 

Boddy  V.  Henry,  777 

Boden  v.  Demwolf,  1367 

Bodger  v.  Hills,  762 

Bodine  v.  Wayne  Title  &  Trust  Co., 

831 
Bodkin  v.  Arnold,  908,  910,  915 
Bodley  v.  Reynolds,  505 
Bodwell  V.  Osgood,  445 

V.  Swan,  451 
Boecker  v.  Naperville,  1154o 
Boehm  v.  Duluth,  S.  S.  &  A.  Ry.,  865 
Boesch  V.  Graff,  1220,  1240 
Boetcher  v.  Staples,  386 
Boetzkes  v.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1208 
Bogacki  v.  Welch,  685 
Bogard  v.  Jones,  78 
Bogel  V.  Bell,  545 
Bogert  V.  Burkhalter,  1265 
Boggan  V.  Bennett,  383a,  1271 
Boggess  V.  Goff,  343 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1371 
Boggs  V.  Martin,  1068 
Bogudsky  v.  Backes,  372 
Bohemian-American  W.  G.  Assoc,  v. 

Northern  Bank,  622 
Bohlcke  v.  Buchanan,  972 
Bohm  V.  Dunphy,  360,  990a 

t).  Metropolitan    El.    Ry.,    1113, 
1190, 1198a 
Bohn  V.  Cleaver,  196,  842 
Bohrer  v.  Dienhart  Harness  Co.,  93a 

V.  Otterback,  301c 
Bohun  V.  Taylor,  929a,  1279 
Boies  V.  Vincent,  734,  762 
Boiles  V.  Beach,  964 
Boing  V.  Raleigh  &  G.  R.  R.,  435 
Boise  V.  C.  Co.  v.  Kroeger,  1149,  1172 
Boland  v.  Glendale  Quarry  Co.,  666 
Bolden  v.  Jensen,  1345 
Bolen  Coal  Co.  v.  Whittaker  Brick  Co., 

85 
Boley  V.  Griswold,  689 
Bolinger  v.  Brake,  976,  981 

V.  St.  Paul  &  D.  R.  R.,  1367 
Bolivar     Manuf.     Co,     v.    Neponset 
Manuf.  Co.,  99 


are  to  sections] 

Boiles  V.  Bloomington  &  N.  R.  E.  & 
H.  Co.,  1368 

V.  Kansas  City  Southern  Ry.,  365 

V.  Sachs,  668 
Boiling  V.  Lersner,  186,  307,  908,  919, 
988,  1021a 

V.  Tate,  237,  685^,  685n 
Bollinger  v.  McMinn,  363a 
BoUon  V.  Vellines,  1336 
Bolster  v.  Post,  410 
Bolt  V.  Friederick,  1045 
Bolte  V.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  1270a 
Bolton  V.  Miller,  476 

V.  Vellines,  461,  462,  463 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  371a 
Bonafous  v.  Rybot,  675c 

V.  Walker,  552 
Bond  V.  Bond,  687 

V.  Chapin,  839 

V.  Dolby,  334 

V.  Greenwald,  271 

V.  Griffin,  934 

V.  Hilton,  98 

V.  Quattlebaum,  959 

V.  United  Railroads,  673a,  575 
Bond  Hill  v.  Atkinson,  1367 
Bondurant  v.  Lane,  549 
Bondy  v.  N.  Y.  City  Ry.,  243& 
Bone  V.  Torry,  797 
Bonelli  v.  Brown,  1266,  357,  363a 
Bonesteel  v.  Bonesteel,  236,  241,  383b, 
463 

V.  Orvis,  531 
Bonham  v.  Bonham,  301c 
Bonifay  v.  Hassell,  614 
Bonneau  v.  North  Shore  R.  R.,  482, 

485a,  1303 
Bonnell  v.  Jacobs,  1060 
Bonner  v.  Blum,  813 

V.  Charlton,  1281 

V.  Copley,  335,  1293 

V.  Peterson,  921 

V.  Wiggins,  910 
Bonner  Brick  Co.  v.  M.  M.  Canada  Co., 

339 
Bonnet  v.  Galveston,  H.  &  8.  A.  Ry., 

574 
Bonneval  v.  Am.  Coffee  Co.,  47 
Bonney  v.  Blaisdell,  753 

V.  Seely,  800 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2795 


Bonnin  v.  Elliott,  449 

Bonnot  Co.  v.  Newman,  533,  538 

Bonsall  v.  McKay,  930 

V.  Taylor,  678 
Booher  v.  Goldsborough,  767 
Book  Co.  V.  Maybell,  776 
Booker  v.  Bell,  978 

V.  Southwest  Mo.  R.  R.,  1354 

V.  Venice,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1157 
Bookman  v.  New  York  Elevated  Rail- 
road, 1198a 
Bookwalter  v.  Clark,  752 
Boom  Co.  V.  Patterson,  see  Mississippi 

&  R.  R.  B.  Co.  V.  Patterson 
Boomer  v.  Flagler,  735c 
Boon  V.  McHenry,  973,  977 
Boone  v.  Eyrie,  636re 
Boorman  v.  Am.  Exp.  Co.,  851 

V.  Nash,  758 
Booth  V.  Ableman,  334 

V.  Bierce,  750 

V.  Booth,  737 

V.  Milliken,  1023 

V.  Milhis,  1286 

V.  Powers,  256 

V.  Rome,  W.  &  0.  R.  R.,  1111 

V.  Saffold,  973 

V.  Spuyten  Duyvel  R.  M.  Co.,  146 

V.  Starr,  956 

V.  Tyson,  661 
Boothby  v.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  868 

V.  Railroad,  1108 
Boothe  V.  Feist,  1256A 
Boott  Cotton  Mills  v.  Lowell,  302o 
Booz  V.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  890 
Borchardt  v.  Wausau  Boom  Co.,  139 
Borden  v.  Bradshaw,  678 
Borden  Mining  Co.  v.  Barry,  219 
Bordentown  &  S.  A.  T.  Co.  v.  Camden 

&  A.  R.  R.,  1108,  1115 
Border  City  Ice  &  Coal  Co.  v.  Adams, 

182,  182a,  734 
Borders  v.  Barber,  326 
Bordes  v.  Hallet,  711 
Bordley  v.  Eden,  340c 
Borgasen  v.  Eklund,  1250 
Bork  V.  Nortin,  841 
Borkenstein  v.  Shrack,  386 
Borland  v.  Barrett,  360,  366,  372,  388, 
1345 


Bormann  v.  Thiele,  667 

Bomeman  v.  Chicago,  S.  P.,  M.  &  O. 

Ry.,  1326 
Bomgesser  v.  Harrison,  85 
Borough  V.  Abele,  340 
Borradaile  v.  Bruntor,  135, 766, 768 
Borrekins  v.  Bevan,  761 
Borries  v.  Hutchinson,  161,  2265,  740, 

742 
Borst  V.  Lynch,  824a 
Borup  V.  Nininger,  814,  819 
Bosch  V.  Biu-lington  &  M.  R.  R.  R., 
135 
V.  Miller,  387 
Bosley  v.  Smith,  692a 

V.  Taylor,  808 
Boston  V.  Allen,  1215 

V.  Moore,  692a 
Boston  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  Cambridge,  1152a, 
1165 
V.  Greenbush,  1152a 
V.  O'Reilly,  183 
V.  Richardson,  439^ 
Boston,  H.  T.  &  W.  Ry.,  Re,  1171 
Boston,  H.  T.  &  W.  R.  R.,  Matter  of, 

1165 
Boston  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Middlesex,  1147 

V.  State,  303 
Boston  &  R.   M.   D.   Corporation  v. 

Newman,  1108 
Boston  &  S.  Glass  Co.  ti.  Boston,  303 
Boston  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Old  Colony  R. 

R.,  1119,  1165a,  1167,  11716 
Boston   Belting   Co.    v.    Boston,    152 
Mass.  307;  1119 
V.  Boston,  183  Mass.  254;  1169 
Boston  Ice  Co.  v.  Royal  Ins.  Co.,  725 
Boston  Loan  Co.  v.  Myers,  537 
Boston  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Fiske,  235,  352 
Boston  Mills  v.  EuU,  1033 
Boston  Towboat  Co.  v.  Pettie,   587, 

589 
Boston  W.  H.  &  R.  Co.  v.  Kendall, 

767 
Boston  W.  P.  Co.  V.  Boston  &  Wor- 
cester R.  R.,  1108 
Boston  Water  Power  Co.  v,  Boston," 

303 
Bostwick  V.  Beach,  3016 
V.  Lewis,  1279 


2796 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Bostwick  V.  Losey,  189,  991 

V.  Williams,  976 
Boswell  V.  Barnhart,  580a 

V.  Kilbom,  753 
Botelar  v.  Bell,  449 
Botkin  V.  Kleinschmidt,  681a 
Bottorff  V.  Wise,  910 
Boucher  v.  Shewan,  265 

V.  Trembley,  915 
Bouillon  V.  Laclede  G.  L.  Co.,  43i 
Boulard  v.  Calhoun,  378 
Boulden  v.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  67o 
Boulter  v.  Hamilton,  977 

V.  Webster,  573 
Boulware  v.  Crohn,  413 

V.  Robinson,  799 
Bounds  V.  Hickerson,  6466 
Bourdette  v.  Sieward,  610 
Bourg  t).  Brownell-Drews  Lumber  Co., 

573o,  575 
Bourgeois  v.  Mills,  1143 
Bourke  v.  Butte  Electric  &  P.  Co.,  485 

V.  Cork  &  M.  Ry.,  573,  1367 

V.  Whiting,  133 
Bourland  v.  Choctaw,  O.  &  G.  R.  R., 
159 

V.  Kdison,  449,  452 
Bourne  v.  Ashley,  596 

V.  Mayor  of  Liverpool,  1085 
Boutell  V.  Warne,  80 
Boutin  V.  EtseU,  807a 

V.  Rudd,  151 
Bouton  V.  Reed,  252 
Boutwell  V.  Marr,  382 

V.  Parker,  515 
Bovee  v.  Barrett,  633a 

V.  DanvUle,  44,  47,  1266 
Bowas  V.  Pioneer  Tow  Line,  1216,  481 
Bowden  v.  Bailes,  360,  364,  365,  377, 
385 

V.  Johnson,  301a 
Bowditch  V.  Boston,  1162 
Bowe  V.  Minn.  Milk  Co.,  90 
Bowen  v.  Clark,  269 

V.  Clarke,  999/ 

V.  Darby,  271 

».  H^ll,451 

V.  Harris,  216 

V.  Huntington,  553,  554 

V.  King,  528 


Bowen  v.  Lake  Erie  Telegraph  Co.,  875 

V.  Seaboard  A.  L.  Ry.,  1307 

V.  Stoddard,  700 
Bower  v.  Hill,  100,  940 
Bowers  v.  Graves,  989 

V.  Thomas,  278 
Bowersock  v.  Adams,  536 
Bowersox  v.  Bowersox,  4806 
Bowes  V.  Press,  674 
Bowker  v.  Hoyt,  1060 
Bowler  v.  Lane,  368,  380,  584 
Bowley  v.  Goddard,  599c 

■V.  Holway,  973,  1053 
Bowling  G.  G.  Co.  v.  Dean,  1353 
Bowling  Green  Stone  Co.  v.  Capshaw, 

1355 
Bowman  v.  Clemmer,  777 

V.  Cornell,  550 

V.  Davis,  81 

V.  Neely,  343 

V.  Teall,  55,  849 

V.  Wilson,  341 
Bowne  v.  Wolcott,  961,  966,  973 
Bowser  v.  Cessna,  1009,  1023 
Bowsher  v.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R., 

171a 
Boyce  v.  Bayliffe,  126a,  22QI 

V.  California  Stage  Co.,  1328 

V.  Gingrich,  439d,  1027 

V.  Grundy,  336,  12866 

V.  New  York  C.  Ry.,  1367 

».  Pritchett,  3016 

V.  Watson,  418 
Boyd  V.  Blue  Ridge  Ry.,  368 

V.  Boyd,  678 

V.  Brown,  175,  1329 

t).  Chambers,  685fc 

V.  De  Lancy,  1007,  1018 

V.  Desmond,  556 

V.  Fitt,  127a,  707 

V.  Gilchrist,  292 

V.  Gunnison,  738,  1297 

V.  Huffaker,  691a 

V.  Knox,  685 

V.  L.  H.  Quinn  Co.,  737,  738 

V.  Lincobi  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  937 

V.  Meighan,  613,  614 

V.  Randolph,  333 

V.  Royal  Ins.  Co.,  722 

V.  Seaboard  Air  Line  Ry.,  368 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2797 


Boyd  V.  Vanderkemp,  1017 

V.  Watt,  1251 
Boydan  v.  Haberstumpf,  358,  1254 
Boyden  v.  Hill,  1012,  1022 

V.  Moore,  80 

V.  United  States,  692/ 
Boydatoa  v.  Morris,  79,  82 
Boyer  v.  Amet,  959,  979 

V.  Barr,  358 

V.  Cox,  734 

V.  Coxen,  378 
Boyers  v.  Pra*t,  1326 
Boykin  ».  Ancrum,  306 
Boylan  v.  Huguet,  519 
Boyle  V.  Boyle,.  793o 

V.  Case,  41,  47 

tt.  Edwards,  962,  976 

V.  Ptoker,  673 

V.  Reeder,  646 

V.  Saginaw,  226/,  1347 
Boylston  Ins;  Co.  v.  Da\dst  496,  536 
Boynton  v.  Kellogg,  641 
Boynton  Strong  Co.  ».  Williams,  6869: 
Boys  V.  Ancell,  399,,  413 
Boys'  Home  «.  Lewis,.  3716 
Bozarth  v.  Dudley,.  656,  657,  659i  1039, 

1042 
Bozeman  v.  Rose,  734 
Braas  v.  Springville,,  308a 
Braasch  v.  Michigan  Stove  Co.,  4866 
Braccoo.  Merchants!  Despatch  Transp. 

Co.,  152 
Brace  v.  Calder,  667 
Bracegirdle  v.  Orfbrd,  929 
Bracey  ».  Carter,  1038 
Bracket  v.  M'Nair,  844 
Brackett  v.  Morse,  661 
Bradbum  v.  Great  Western  Ry.,,  67jt,. 

860 
Bradbury  v.  Benton,  1262 

V.  Chiteago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  1357 
Braddy  v.  Elliott,.  621 
Braden  v.  Walker,  447 
Bradford  v.  Boley,  1255 

V.  Edwards,  453 

V.  Manly,  762 

V.  Montgomery  F.  Co.,  632 
Bradford  E.  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  New  York, 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.,  622 
Bradford  Oil  Co.  v.  Blair,  619,  999fc 


Bradlaugh  v.  Edwards,  241,  463,  1368 
Bradley  v.  Andrews,  486c 

V.  Borin,  248a,  565c 

V.  Brown,  908 

«.  Burkett,  78,  497d 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  159, 
856 

V.  Cramer,  V72a 

V.  Denton,  221a,  858 

V.  Flewitt,  101 

V.  Gammelle,  262,  531 

V.  Geiselman,  317 

V.  Gibson,  451 

V.  McHale,  734 

».  Morris,  372 

V.  Ohio  River  R.  R.,  57T 

V.  Rea,  125,  650,  762o,  769,  1060 

».  Reynolds,  689a,  691a 

V.  Sattler,  584a 
Bradley  Land  &  Lumber  Co.  v.  Eastern 

Mfg.  Co.,  80 
Bradlie  v.  Marylaad  Ins.  Co.,  711,  718 
Bradner  v.  Faulkner,  SOlc,  1271a 
Bradshaw  v.  Buchanan,  387 

V.  Craycraft,  417 

V.  Crosby,  980a 

V.  Prazier,  126e 

V.  Lancashire  &  Y.  Ry.,  570a 

V.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  1295 

V.  South  Boston  R.  R.,  865 
Bradstreet  v.  Baker,  411 
Bradstreet,  Ex  parte,  1285 
Bradstreet  Co.  v.  Oswald,  170 
Bradt  w.  Holden,  556 

V.  New  Nonpareil  Co.,  43g 

V.  Tbwsliey,  443 
Brady  v.  Atlantic  Works,  1243,  1244 

V.  Beadl'eton,  528a 

V.  Cassidy,  1266 

V.  Daly,  12466 

V.  Fall  River,  1012a 

V.  Kansas  City  Cable  R.  R.,  1152a 

V.  Kansas,  Qty,  St.  L.  &  C.  R.  R., 
1356 

V.  McGhee,  973 

V.  Mayor,  339 

V.  North  Western  Ins.  Co.,  723a 

V.  Spurck,  973,  979 

V.  Weeks,  949 

V.  Whitney,  lQ7d 


2798 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Brady  v.  Wilcoxson,  295,  3146 
Bragan  v.  Birmingham  R.  L.  &  P.  Co., 

1133 
Bragg  !).  Laraway,  363a 
Brahan  v.  Clarksville  First  Nat.  Bank, 

695c 
Braiden  v.  Mercer,  681a 
Brailsbery,  The,  592 
Brainard  v.  Jones,  678 

V.  Missisquoi  R.  R.,  1109 
Brainerd  v.  Champlain  Transp.  Co., 

306 
Braithwaite  v.  Hall,  1216 

V.  Power,  841 
Brake  v.  Corning,  1031 

V.  Kansas  City,  171a 
Brake  Co.  v.  Sire,  607 
Braman  v.  Bingham,  979 

V.  Hess,  704 

V.  Perry,  688a 
Brame  v.  Clark,  48,  373 
Branch  v.  Chappell,  674 

V.  Davis,  692? 

V.  Doane,  931,  940 

V.  Riley,  1031 

V.  Wilson,  1039 
Brand  v.  Illinois  C.  R.  R.,  169a 
Brandamour  v.  Trant,  685A 
Brandon  v.  Allen,  565d 
Brandt  v.  Bowlby,  844 

V.  Foster,  956,  959,  975,  979,  980, 
1053 
Brangwin  ;;.  Perrot,  678 
Brannenburg    v.   Indianapolis,   P.    & 

C.  R.  R.,  856 
Brannin  v.  Johnson,  317,  434,  436 
Brannon  v.  Hursell,  326 
Bransoombe  v.  Scarborough,  678 
Brant  v.  Gallup,  205,  623 
Brantigan  v.  While,  1256 
Brantingham  v.  Fay,  109 
Brantley  v.  Johnson,  970 
Brashear  v.  Phila.  Tr.  Co.,  123 
Brasher  v.  Davidson,  516c,  745 

V.  Holtz,  565 
Brasington  v.  South  Bound  R.  R.,  368 
Brass  v.  Vandecar,  976,  984 

V.  Worth,  509 
Braswell  v.  American  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
Bratt  V.  Ellis,  838 


Bratt  V.  Swift,  4706 
Bratten  v.  Catawissa  R.  R.,  627a 
Bratton  v.  Allison,  339a 
Brauer  v.  Portland,  334 
Braun  v.  Craven,  436 

V.  Hess,  301 

V.  MetropoUtan  W.  S.  E.  R.  R., 
1169 

V.  Webb,  873a,  1342 
Brauns  v.  Green  Bay,  664a 
Braunsdorf  v.  Fellner,  682 
Bray  v.  Latham,  1216,  481 

V.  Poillon,  685a 
Brayton  v.  Chase,  \2\d 
Brazell  v.  Cohn,  222,  617 

V.  Seattle,  35 
Breck  v.  Ringler,  418 
Breckeniidge  v.  Brooks,  343,  919 

V.  Hoke,  3016 

V.  Taylor,  304 
Bredeson  v.  C.  A.  Smith  Lumber  Co., 

1365 
Bredin  v.  National  M.  W.  S.  Co.,  1240 
Bredow  v.  Mutual  S.  I.,  256 
Breed  v.  Eastern  R.  R.,  1154o 
Breen  v.  Cooper,  675 

V.  Hyde,  927 
Breese  v.  McCann,  1044,  1057 

V.  U.  S.  T.  Co.,  875 
Breeze,  The,  587 
Brem  v.  Covington,  311 
Bremier  v.  Carter,  310a 
Breneman  v.  Frank,  3116 
Brennan  v.  Clark,  419 

V.  Dowagiac  Mfg.  Co.,  1237 

V.  Quinn,  688 

V.  Servis,  959,  983 
Brennen  v.  Chicago  &  Carterville  Coal 

Co.,  5716 
Brenner  v.  Carter,  310a 

V.  Jonesboro  L.  C.  &  E.  R.  R.,  222 
Brennert  v.  Farrier,  332 
Brent  v.  Kimball,  107a 

V.  Parker,  607 

V.  Richards,  734 

V.  Thornton,  317,  319,  322 
Brentner  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  8.  P.  Ry., 

333 
Breon  v.  Hankie,  47,  50 
Bressler  v.  Harris,  326 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2799 


Bretz  V.  Fawcett,  1060 

Brewer  v.  American  Ins.  Co.,  714 

V.  Chase,  451 

V.  Dew,  373 

V.  Ernest,  Slid 

V.  Hastie,  340c 

V.  Tyringham,  308a 
Brewster  v.  Buckholz,  912 

V.  Edgerly,  413 

V.  Silliman,  533 

I).  Van  Liew,  519,  523 

V.  Wakefield,  22  How.  118;  327 

V.  Wakefield,  1  Minn.  352;  325 

V.  Warner,  76 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  882,  893 
Breyfogle  v.  Beckley,  302o 
Brian  v.  Oregon  S.  L.  R.  R.,  1342 
Brick  Co.  V.  Moore,  426 
Brickell  V.  Camp  Mfg.  Co.,  933 

V.  Frisby,  587 
Bricker  v.  Conemaugh  Stone  Co.,  932 
Brickett  v.  Davis,  452 
Brickill  v.  Baltimore,  1226 

0.  New  York,  1232a 
Bridge  V.  Mason,  547 

V.  Oshkosh,  1327 

V.  Wain,  771 
Bridge  Co.  v.  La  Mantia,  580o,  584a 
Bridgeford  v.  Meagher,  666 
Bridgeman  v.  Hardwick,  331a,  1171 
Bridger  v.  Asheville  &  S.  R.  R.,  180 
Bridgers  v.  Dill,  125o 

V.  PurceU,  1153 
Bridges  V.  Holt,  122 

V.  Hyatt,  419 

V.  Lanham,  190,  646,  647c 

V.  Maxwell,  692i 

u.  Mills  Mfg.  Co.,  366 

V.  Pafford,  1027 

V.  Reynolds,  271 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  1154c 

V.  Stickney,  157 
Bridgford  v.  Crocker,  753 
Bridgman  v.  Emily,  The,  842 

V.  Hopkins,  451 
Brier  v.  Mankey,  777 
Brierly  v.  Kendall,  82 
Brigg  V.  Hilton,  762 
Briggs  V.  B.  &  L.  R.  R.,  80 

V.  Boyd,  808 


Briggs  V.  Brushaber,  316,  439e 

V.  Cook,  109 

V.  Davis,  842 

V.  Gleason,  545 

V.  Hall,  999c 

V.  Labette  County,  1168 

V.  Life  Ins.  Co.,  439c 

V.  McDonald,  684o 

V.  Milbum,  58,  373 

V.  Morse,  973 

V.  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  67a 

V.  New  York  Cent.  R.  R.,  854,  856 

V.  Stone,  1140 

V.  Winsmith,  325 

V.  Wiswell,  532 
Brigham  v.  Carlisle,  176,  834c 

V.  Evans,  1012,  1295 

V.  Hawley,  613,  655,  1065 

V.  Vanbuskirk,  334 
Bright  V.  Bamett  &  Record  Co.,  680a, 
1367 

V.  Bell,  363o 

V.  Boyd,  916 

V.  Lennon,  692c,  808 

V.  Furrier,  700 

V.  Rowland,  413 
Brightman  v.  Bristol,  928 

V.  Reeves,  256 
Brighton  V.  Auston,  606a 

«.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  666 
Brighton  F.  C.  S.  Bank  v.  Sawyer,  1042 
Brightwell  V.  Hoover,  278 
Brignoli  V.  Chicago  &  G.  E.  Ry.,  41, 

47,  180,  226/,  481 
Brigs'  Case,  1001 
Brill  V.  Flagler,  1303 
Brincefield  v.  Allen,  989 
Brinckerhoff  v.  Phelps,  1007,  1011 

t).  Wemple,  1154a 
Brine  v.  Great  Western  Ry.,  1089 
Bringard  v.  Stellwagen,  53,  59 
Brininstool  v.  Michigan  United  Rys., 

170 
Brink  v.  Freoff,  1268 

V.  Kansas  City,  etc.,  R.  R.,  316 

V.  Mitchell,  1012 

V.  Wabash  Ry.,  120 
Brinker  v.  Leinkauff,  237 
Brinkerhoff  v.  Olp,  416 
Brinkley  v.  Swicegood,  665 


2800 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Brinkley  v.  Willis,  3116 
Brinkman  v.  Gottenstroeter,  580 

V.  St.  Landry  C.  O.  Co.,  486c 
Brinkmann  v.  Taylor,  451 
Brinkmeyer  v.  Bethea,  935,  939 
Brinley  v.  National  Ins.  Co.,  715,  721 
Brinton,  The,  214 
Brinton  v.  Paxton,  1232a 
Brion  v.  Kennedy,  302a 
Brisbane  v.  Pomeroy,  960,  976,  1027 
Brisbine  v.  St.  Paul,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1154a 
Briscoe  V.  Kinealy,  326 

V.  Litt,  668 

V.  McElween,  373a,  432a 

V.  Metropolitan'  St.  Ry.,  1346 
Brisendine  v.  Martin,  797 
Bristol  Mfg.  Co.  V.  Gridley,  1261 
Brison  v.  Dougherty,  1279 
Bristowe  v.  Fairclough,  636ft 
British   Columbia    Saw    Mill    Co.    v. 

Nettleship,  65,  159,  850 
British  Consul  v.  Smith,  599c 
British  I.  W.  Co.  V.  Dublin  U.  T.  Co., 

1220 
British  Motor  Synd.  v.  Taylor,  1220 
British  W.  E.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Underground 

E.  R.  Co.,  226ft 
Britt  V.  Carolina  N.  R.  R.,  47 

V.  Hays,  6556 
Brittanic,  The,  588 
Britten  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  873 
Britton  V.  Des  Moines,  O.  &  S.  R.  R., 
1131 

V.  Fort  Worth,  692c 

V.  Ruffin,  973 

V.  Street  Ry.,  171a 

e.  Supreme    Council    Royal    Ar- 
canum, 340 

V.  Turner,  660,  1046 
Brizsee  v.  Maybee,  317,  352,  375,  434, 

506,  533,  538,  540,  690 
Broad  St.  Widening,  Re,  1142 
Broadbent  v.  Imperial  Gas  Co.,  1089 
Broadway  Coal  M.  Co.  v.  Smith,  1138a 
Broadway  Sav.  Bank  v.  Forbes,  326, 

330 
Broadwell  v.  Paradice,  77 
Brobst  V.  Skillen,  565 
Brock  V.  Bolton,  689a 

V.  Clark,  762 


Brock  V.  Gale,  152,  873 

V.  Knower,  734,  737 

V.  Smith,  109,  943 
Brockenbrough  v.  Blythe,  3016 
Brockway  v.  Clark,  411 
Brodfield  v.  Schlanger,  414 
Brodie  v.  Fost,  642 

V.  Ophir  Silver  Mining  Co.,  1226, 
1229 

V.  Watkms,  83ig 
Brodnax  v.  Steinhardt,  310 
Brody  V.  Bimbaum,  734 
Brokaw  v.  Duffy,  1017 
Brolaskey  v.  Loth,  999e 
Brom. «.  Hall,  834 
Bromberg  v.  Eugenotto    Coiiat.     Co., 

990e 
Bromley  v.  School  Dist.  No.  5,  667 
Bronson,  The,  587 
Bronson  v.  Bruce,  4486 

V.  Coffin,  970 

V.  Forty-Second    St.    M.    &    St. 
M.  A.  Ry.,  1348 

V.  Rodes,  270 
Bronx  Gas  &  Elec.  Co.  v.  N.  Y.,  339 
Brook  V.  Bayless,  532 

V.  Rawl,  455 
Brooke  v.  Bridges,  920 

V.  Cunard  S.  S.  Co.,  1296 

V.  Louisiana  S.  I.  Co.,  710 

».  Tradesmen's  Nat.  Bank,  153a 
Brookfield  v.  Reed,  679a 
Brooklyn  El.  R.  R.  v.  Phillips,  1198 
Brooklyn  El.  R.  R.,  In  re,  11986 
Brooklyn  El.  R.  R.,  Matter  of,  1205o 
Brooklyn,  Ferry,  In  re,  11716 
Brooklyn  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Week,  730 
Brooklyn  U.  E.  R.  R.,  In  re,  1368 
Brookmire  v.  Monaghan,  1248 
Brooks  V.  Black,  961,  982,  983 

V.  Boston,  1168 

V.  Cotton,  673d 

V.  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  R.  R., 
1131 

V.  Dutcher,  1335 

V.  Hoyt,  554 

V.  Hubbard,  279c,  424a 

V.  Kirby,  549 

V.  Miller,  1007 

V.  Mohl,  979,  982 


TABLE 
[References 
Brooks  V.  Moody,  860,  979 

V.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  854,  856 

V.  Robinson,  339a 

V.  Rochester  Ry.,  85c,  481 

V.  Rodgers,  502,  934 

V.  Schwerin,  486 

V.  Tobin,  692fc 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  883 

V.  Wichita,  416 

V.  Wilcox,  307 
Brophy  v.  Illinois  Steel  Co.,  1356 
Broquet  v.  Tripp,  125,  769 
Brosde  v.  Sanderson,  1336 
Brosnan  v.  Sweetser,  67 
Brossoit  ».  Turcotte,  359 
Brothers,  The,  587 
Brotherston  v.  Barber,  711 
Brotton  v.  Lnnkley,  684a 
Broughel  v.  Southern  N.  E.  Tel.  Co., 

5706 
Broughton  v.  McGrew,  52,  445,  451 

V.  Mitchell,  296,  301,  3016,  345 

V.  Singleton,  1334 
Broumel  v.  Rayner,  618 
Brewer  v.  Lewis,  762 
Brewer  v.  Merrill,  64 
Brown  v.  Adams,  999o 

V.  Allen,   35    la.    306;    156,    363 
383c,  433 

V.  Allen,  4  Esp.  158;  1279 

V.  AUey,  364 

V.  Arrott,  814,  820 

V.  Baldwin,  685k 

V.  Barnes,  445 

V.  Barry,  1285 

V.  Beatty,  34  Miss.  227;   1139o, 
1155 

V.  Beatty,  35  Up.  Can.  Q.  B.  328; 
196 

V.  Bellows,  410 

V.  Bigelow,  762 

V.  Blunt,  439 

V.  Board  of  Education,  667 

V.  Bosworth,  934a 

V.  Bowen,  70 

V.  Brooks,  448,  449,  451 

V.  Brown,  3145 

V.  Butler,  1247 

V.  Calumet  R.  Ry.,  244 

V.  Carroll,  81 

176 


OF  CASES  2801 

are  to  sections] 

Brown  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry,,  571e 
t).  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  42, 

1216,  150,  868,  869,  870,  871 
V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  180a, 

580o 
V.  Cincinnati,  1148 
V.  Collins,  33 
V.  Commissioner,  1085 
V.  Corey,  1142 
Ki  Cowles,  149 
V.  Crowley,  1052 
V.  Cummings,  129,  200,  485a 
V.  Cunard  Steamship  Co.,  852 
V.  Cunningham,  6856 
V.  DeYoung,  673d 
V.  Dickerson,  959 
V.  Doyle,  3146 
V.  Drake,  1331 
V.  Durham,  1042 
V.  East  Carolina  R.  R.,  190 
V.  Edgington,  768 
V.  Emerson,  109 

V.  Evans,  360,  385,  386,  490,  1326. 
V.  First  Nat.  Bank,  303 
V.  Floyd,  120a 

V.  Foster,  1  App.  Div.  578;  1368 
V.  Foster,  51  Pa.  165;  196,  657 
V.  Galloway,  901,  907 
I).  Georgia  C.  &  N.  R.  R.,  868 
V.  Gorton,  685 
V.  Hadley,  195,  742a 
V.  Hallett,  676 
V.  Hannibal  &  L.  J.  R.  R.,  66  Mo. 

588;  1216 
».  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  Ry.,  99  Mo. 

310;  1270 
V.  Hardcastle,  325 
V.  Hare,  750 
».  Haven,  805 
V.  Haynes,  80a 
V.  Hearon,  959,  981 
V.  Hiatt,  340c 
V.  Honniss,  1007,  1009 
V.  Jones,  52  111.  App.  597;  385,  387 
V.  Jones,  5  Nev.  374;  237,  685m 
V.  Kimball,  673/ 
V.  Knapp,  301c 
V.  Lake,  929 
V.  Lattimore,  6926 
V.  Laurens  County,  124 


2802  TABLE 

[References 

Brown  v.  Leath,  58,  937 

V.  McBiide,  3836 

V.  McGran,  228e,  821 

».  McRa«,  67a 

V.  Mader,  609 

V.  MaUett,  1257 

V.  Master,  467 

V.  Maulsby,  331,  420 

V.  Mead,  930a 

V.  Metropolitan  W.  S.  E.  R.  R., 
1169 

V.  Minneapolis  &  S.  P.  S.  Ry., 
1342 

V.  Montgomery,  256 

V.  Moore,  1296 

V.  Morrill,  990c 

V.  Morris,  171 

V.  Moaely,  692i 

V.  Muller,  228?,  3362,  636o,  636b, 
636/,  636m,  737 

V.  Murdock,  265 

V.  Neal,  54 

V.  Norcross,  1021a 

V.  Northwestern  R.  R.,  844 

V.  OdiU,  638,  638o,  6386 

V.  Paxton,  686 

V.  Perkins,  98 

V.  Phipps,  692 

V.  Pierce,  774 

V.  Pierce  County,  1156 

V.  Pillow,  126d 

».  Pine  Creek  R.  R.,  1110 

ti.  Postal  Tel.  Cable  Co.,  851 

V.  Pope,  934 

V.  Providence  &  S.  R.  R.  Co.,  1295 

V.  Providence,  W.  &  B.  R.  R.,  1130 

V.  Rapid  Ry.,  222,  865 

V.  Republican  Mountain  Silver 
Mines,  6736 

V.  Richmond,  103 

V.  Royal  Ins.  Co.,  723 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  Ry.,  486& 

V.  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Mani- 
toba Railway,  250 

V.  Sampson,  993 

V.  Sax,  502 

V.  Sayles,  762a 

V.  Seattle,  1123 

V.  Seymour,  1368 

V.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R.,  1357 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Brown  v.  Smith,  12  Cush.  196;  366 

V.  Smith,  5  How.  (Miss.)  387;  774 

V.  Southwestern  H.  R.,  317 

V.  State,  692c 

V.  SulUvan,  1348 

V.  Swineford,  353,  357,  385,  386, 
487a 

V.  Taggart,  413 

t).  Taylor,  976 

V.  Toronto  General  Hospital,  992 

V.  Trinidad  A.  M.  Co.,  753 

V.  Tyler,  685fc 

V.  Union  S.  &  L.  Assoc,  497(i 

V.  Van  Braam,  700 

V.  Watson,  101 

V.  Weaver,  692i 

V.  Weber,  659 

V.  Webster  City,  927,  1110 

V.  Welch,  270 

V.  Werner,  182 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  85  S.  C.  495; 
894 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  6  Utah,  219; 
876 

V.  White,  171a,  226/,  483 

V.  Woodliff,  69 

V.  Woods,  774 

V.  Worcester,  1161 
Brown  B.  F.  M.  Co.  v.  Drohen,  1231 
Brown  Iron  Co.  v.  Norwood,  419 
Brown  Land  Co.  v.  Lehman,  999fc 
Brownback  v.  Frailey,  1216 
Browne  v.  Allen,  760 

V.  Price,  107c 

V.  St.  Paul  Plow  Works,  754 

V.  Steck,  331 
Brownell  v.  Chapman,  742 

».  M'Ewen,  475 

V.  Steere,  311a 
Browner  v.  Davis,  98 
Brownfield  v.  Dudley  E.  Jones  Co.,  149 
Browning  v.  Jones,  366,  478,  480 

V.  Nat.  Capital  Bank,  439e 

V.  Porter,  685y 

V.  Powers,  447 

V.  Simons,  753 
Brownlee  v.  Bolton,  753 

V.  Steel,  301c 
Brownold  v.  Rodbell,  408,  413 
Brownson  ti.  Fenwick,  314 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2803 


Broyles  v.  Prosock,  482 
Bruce  v.  Baxter,  814,  834 

V.  Coleman,  682 

V.  Davenport,  819 

V.  Fiss,  766 

V.  Jones,'  719 

V.  Learned,  528 

V.  Pettengill,  107a 

V.  Priest,  488 

V.  Reed,  378 

V.  United  States,  692e 

V.  Welch,  998 
Brack  V.  Feiner,  684 
Brucker  v.  Manistee  &  G.  R.  R.  R., 

6476 
Bnihm  v.  Ford,  156 
Brumby  v.  Smith,  656c 
Brunell  v.  Cook,  637 
Bruns  v.  Schreiber,  964,  975 
Brunsden  v.  Humphrey,  85c 
Brunskill  v.  Mair,  755 
Branson  v.  Lynde,  461 

V.  Martin,  1049,  1065,  1066 
Branswick  v.  Mi-aa  Indemnity  Co.,  408, 
413 

V.  Snow,  303,  692/ 

V.  Slowman,  664 
Brush  E.  L.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Simonsohn,  44 

V.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  318,  319 

V.  Manhattan  Railway,  1198 
Braske  v.  Neugent,  1345 
Bryan  v.  Acee,  388 

V.  Johnson,  973 
Bryant   v.   American  Telegraph   Co., 
887 

V.  Barton,  607a 

».  Booth,  1027o 

V.  Craig,  311d 

V.  Everley,  1012,  1020 

V.  Hambrick,  679a,  1012 

V.  Jackson,  448 

V.  Omaha  &  C.  B.  R.  &  B.  Co., 
98  la.  483,  67  N.  W.  392;  1355 

V.  Omaha  &  C.  B.  R.  &  B.  Co., 
98  la.  483;  1364 

V.  Stillwell,  659 

V.  Tidgewell,  1251 
Bryer  v.  Foerster,  1364 
Bryson  v.  McCone,  646 
Bryton  v.  Marston,  411 


Bube  V.  Birmingham  Ry.  L.  &  P.  Co., 

43s 
Buccleuch    v.    Metropolitan    Bd.    of 

Works,  1101,  1102 
Buchan  v.  Broadwell,  332 
Buchanan  v.  Alwell,  973 

V.  Carpenter,  1246c 

V.  State,  692fc 

V.  Stout,  439^ 

V.  West  Jersey  R.  R.,  43A 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Bucher  v.  Wisconsin  Cent.  Ry.,  1364 
Buck  V.  Fisher,  307 

a.  Hermance,  1220 

V.  Leach,  256,  440 

V.  Little,  700a 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  932 

V.  Maddock,  1249 

V.  Morrow,  988,  988a 

V.  People's  St.  R.  E.  L.  &  P.  Co., 
486c 

V.  Pike,  999^ 

V.  Remsen,  76,  77 

V.  Rhodes,  691a 

V.  Rodgers,  999 

V.  Webb,  873a 

V.  Wilson,  85a 
Buckhout  V.  Witwer,  426 
Bucki  V.  McKinnon,  6736 
Buckingham  v.  Orr,  331 

V.  Thompson,  1027a,  1030 
Buckley  v.  Buckley,  534,  639 

V.  Dawson,  1002 

V.  Kelly,  310a 

V.  Knapp,  360,  377,  385,  445 

V.  Van  Diver,  682a 
Bucklin  ».  Beals,  54 
Buckman  v.  Davis,  335 
Buckmaster  v.  Grundy,  304,  969,  1012 

V.  Smith,  4978- 
Bucknam  v.  Great  N.  Ry.,  43^ 

V.  Nash,  1268 
Buckner  v.  Terrell,  688o 
Buekry-Ellis   v.    Missouri    Pac.    Ry., 

4866,  1366 
Buckstaff  V.  Hicks,  446 
Budd  V.  Crea,  641 

V.  Multnomah  St.  Ry.,  267 

V.  Union  Ins.  Co.,  3406 

V.  Walker,  914 


2804 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Buddin  v.  Fortunato,  926 
Budlong  V.  Cunningham,  1028 
Buel  V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  1334 
Buell  V.  Worcester  County,  1172o 
Buenzle  v.  Newport  Amusement  Assoc, 

222,  873b 
Buerk  v.  Imhseuser,  1227 
Buffalo  V.  Pratt,  1150 
Buffalo,  In  re  City  of,  1149 
Buffalo,  The,  1357 
Buffalo  &  H.  T.  Co.  v.  Buffalo,  317 
Buffalo  B.  S.  C.  Co.  v.  Milby,  226^ 
Buffalo  B.  W.  C.  V.  Phillips,  152 
Buffalo  Bayou  B.  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Ferris, 

1143 
Buffalo  C.  C.  M.  Co.  v.  Hodges,  1303 
Buffalo  Elevating  Co.  v.  Prussian  Nat. 

Ins.  Co.,  722a 
Buffalo  G.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Title  &  T.  Co., 

793o 
Buffkin  V.  Baird,  6556 
Buford  V.  Gould,  316,  772 

V.  Hopewell,  368 
Bugge  V.  Seattle  Electric  Co.,  1356 
Buggi  V.  Milbum,  365 
Building  Co.  v.  Jencks,  968 
Building  L.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Fray,  966,  977, 

979 
Buist  V.  Guice,  738 
Bulgarian,  The,  589,  593 
Bulkley  v.  Honold,  762 

V.  U.  S.,  607 
Bull  V.  Beiseker,  966 

V.  Griswold,  363a,  373a,  936 

V.  Keenan,  235a 

V.  Pratt,  914 

V.  Rich,  3146 

V.  Schuberth,  665 
BuUard  v.  Briggs,  964 

V.  Harkness,  685A; 

V.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R., 
1149 

V.  Stone,  246,  734 
BuUen  v.  Arkansas  V.  &  W.  Ry.,  1152a 
Bullock  V.  Adams,  1026 

V.  Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.,  387 

V.  Ferguson,  341,  685ff 

V.  Porter,  933 

V.  White  Star  Steamship  Co.,  864 
Bump  V.  Cooper,  19  Ore.  81;  762 


Bump  V.  Cooper,  20  Ore.  527;  246 
Bumpass  v.  Webb,  913 
Bunce  v.  Bunce,  692fc 
Bunch  V.  Potts,  109,  734 
Bunchfield  v.  Haffey,  678 
Bundle  v.  State  Belt  Elec.  Ry.,  67 
Bundy  v.  Maginess,  360,  372,  386,  487a 

V.  Ridenour,  973,  974 
Bungenstock  v.  Nishnabotna  Drainage 

Dist.,  109 
Bunke  v.  New  York  Tel.  Co.,  932, 1295, 

1334 
Bunker  v.  Hudson,  1110 
Bunn  V.  Moore,  339a 

V.  Schnellbacher,  439i 
Bunny  v.  Hopkinson,  962 
Buntin  v.  Duchane,  383a 
Bunton  v.  U.  S.,  338 
Bunyea  v.  Metropolitan  R.  R.,  573, 

573a 
Burch  V.  Bernard,  445 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  1356 

».  State,  6929 
Burchfield  v.  Haffey,  678 
Burckhalter  v.  Coward,  447 
Burckhardt  v.  Burckhardt,  170a,  632 
Burcky  v.  Lake,  66 
Burde  v.  St.  Joseph,  1154 
Burden  v.  Denig,  92  U.  S.  719;  1225, 
1228,  1230 

V.  Denig,  2  Fish.  P.  C.  588;  1215 
Burden  v.  Mobile,  940 
Burdett  v.  Esty,  1236,  1244 

V.  Lowe,  688 

V.  Withers,  999^1 
Burdick  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry., 
316,  317,  933 

V.  Garrick,  311e 

V.  Weeden,  1330 
Burdict  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1357 
Burditt  V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

924 
Burfeindt  v.  New  York  City  Ry.,  1342 
Burger  v.  Northern  P.  R.  R.,  1294 

V.  Rhiney,  2266,  990a 
Burgess  v.  Alliance  Ins.  Co.,  274 

V.  Beaumont,  1045 

V.  Doble,  688o 

V.  Southbridge  Savings  Bank,  327, 
343 


TABLE  OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2805 


Burgess,  In  re,  287 
Burgh  V.  Shanks,  316 
Burham  v.  Lockwood,  512a 
Burhmaster  v.  Ainsworth,  9906 
Burk  V.  Areata  &  Mad  River  R.  R., 
579,  584 

V.  Clements,  981,  982,  1053 

V.  Dunn,  416 

V.  Serrill,  1009 

V.  Webb,  76,  79 
Burke  v.  Beveridge,  965 

V.  Carruthers,  334 

V.  City  &  County  Contract  Co., 
1350 

V.  Ellis,  4865 

V.  Keystone  Mfg.  Co.,  750 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  432a 

V.  Miller,  461 

V.  Pierce,  999/ 

V.  St.    Louis    Southwestern    Ry., 
1348 

V.  Sanitary  District,  1171 

V.  Shaver,  636d 
Burkett  v.  Georgia  Home  Ins.  Co.,  722 

V.  Griffith,  455 

V.  Lanata,  388 
Burkhardt  v.  Press  Pub.  Co.,  377 
Burks  V.  Hubbard,  515 

V.  Shain,  639 
Burland  v.  Montreal,  932 

V.  Mutual  Benefit  Assoc,  732 
Burleigh  v.  St.  Louis  Tr.  Co.,  1348 
Burley  v.  Menefee,  487a 
Burlingame  v.  Burlingame,  1020 
Burlington  Ins.  Co.  v.  Johnson,  692a 
Burlington  R.  R.  v.  Johnson,  1154a 

V.  Schweikart,  1160a 
Bum  V.  Morris,  57 
Bumap  V.  Wight,  98,  127,  226d 
Bume  V.  Richardson,  911 
Bumell  V.  Brown,  288 
Burnett  v.  Great  N.  Ry.,  937 

V.  Simpkins,  639,  641 

V.  Smith,  1072 
Burney  v.  Pledger,  492a 
Bumham  v.  Best,  307,  999a 

V.  Jenness,  373 

V.  Lawson,  228/,  228^,  512o 

V.  Roberts,  753 

V.  Webster,  226/,  486 


Bumhisel  v.  Firman,  327 

Bums  V.  Alabama  &  V.  R.  R.,  387, 1342 

V.  Anderson,  328,  334 

V.  Campbell,  317,  363a,  364,  365, 
366,  367,  378,  383a 

V.  FoUansbee,  676 

V.  George,  692i 

V.  Merchants'  &  P.  O.  Co.,  1372 

t;.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  574o 

V.  Schreiber,  964 
Bumside  v.  Minneapolis  &  St.  L.  Ry., 

1342 
Burpee  v.  Sparhawk,  439A; 
Burr  V.  Burr,  353 

V.  Redhead,  762,  767 

V.  Todd,  410,  1006,  1010 

V.  Wilcox,  301a 

t).  WilUams,  750 
Burrage  v.  Cmmp,  407,  410,  424 

V.  Melson,  1261,  1268 
Burrank  v.  New  Orleans,  1139 
Burrell  v.  Lithgow,  554 

t).  New  York  &  S.  S.  S.  Co.,  613, 
614,  636A;,  1266 
Burridge  v.  Fortescue,  675c 
Burritt  v.  New  Haven,  112o 

V.  Rench,  844 
Burrough  v.  Abel,  303 
Burroughs  v.  Clancey,  1056 

V.  Housatonic  R.  R.,  1108 

V.  Morse,  673a 

».  Richmond  County,  346 
Burrow  v.  Pound,  612 

».  Terre  Haute  &  L.  R.  R.,  1109 
Burrows  v.  March  Gas,  etc.,  Co.,  126e 

V.  Stryker,  334,  345 

V.  Wright,  128 
Burrus  v.  Life  Ins.  Co.,  730 
Burmss  v.  Hines,  185,  233,  383c 
Burson  v.  Cox,  373 

V.  Fire  Assoc,  725 
Burt  V.  Advertiser  Newspaper  Co.,  358 

V.  Burt,  77,  537 

V.  Butterworth,  6956 

V.  Dewey,  774,  785,  956,  973 

V.  Dutcher,  509 

V.  Wame,  926 

V.  Wigglesworth,  1161 
Burtis  V.  Thompson,  636d 
Burton  v.  Brookline,  1162 


2806 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Burton  V.  Chaney,  302 

V.  Merchants'  Ins.  Co.,  1156 

V.  Fulton,  543 

V.  Henry,  120o 

t).  HoUey,  137 

V.  Hughes,  76 

V.  Pinkerton,  42,  126d,  675 

V.  Randall,  497e 

V.  Reeds,  959,  969,  977 

V.  Schennerhom,  1050 

V.  Seherpf,  8736 

V.  Wilmington  &  W.  R.  R.,  574a 

</.  Young,  761,  762 
Burtraw  v.  Clark,  63,  932 
Burvant  v.  Wolfe,  1372 
Busby  V.  Treadwell,  973 
Buschman  v.  Codd,  439,  778 
Bush  V.  Baldrey,  274 

V.  Baltimore  &  C.  Constr.  Co.,  615 

V.  Brandecker,  695a 

V.  Brooks,  655b 

V.  Canfield,  744 

V.  Cole,  1011 

V.  Finucane,  656 

V.  Holmes,  734 

V.  Johnson  County,  692/ 

V.  Jones,  660,  662,  1044,  1067 

V.  Kirkbride,  685^ 

V.  Phillips,  950 

11.  Prosser,  447,  452 

V.  Trowbridge    Waterworks    Co., 
1096 
Bushman  v.  Taylor,  762 
Bushnell  v.  Bushnell,  807,  807c 

V.  Geo.  E.  King  Bridge  Co.,  153 
Buson  V.  ElUott,  301c 
Bussey  v.  Excelsior  Co.,  1215 

V.  M.  &  L.  R.  R.  R.,  854 
Bussman  v.  Ganster,  999e 
Bussy  V.  Donaldson,  29,  429 
Bustamente  v.  Stewart,  109,  237,  685A;, 

685TO 
Buston  V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  846a 
Butcher  v.  Churchill,  801 

V.  Norwood,  336 

V.  Peterson,  959,  975 
Butcher  Steel  Works  v.  Atkinson,  651 
Butchers'  S.  &  M.  Assn.  v.  Com.,  163 
Mass.  386;  1151,  II6O0,  1164 

V.  Com.,  169  Mass.  103:  1147 


Butler  V.  Anderson,  439d 

V.  Baker,  999e 

V.  Barnes,  238,  962,  982,  983 

V.  Butler,  77  N.  Y.  472;  636c 

V.  Butler,  10  R.  I.  501;  304 

V.  Butler,  8  W.  Va.  674;  801 

1).  Collins,  436 

V.  Esohleman,  641 

V.  Gazette  Co.,  364 

II.  Hoboken  Printing  Co.,  444 

V.  Horwitz,  270 

V.  Kent,  1261 

V.  Kirby,  301,  308a 

V.  Ladue,  785 

V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  486a 

V.  Maimy,  636ra 

V.  MehrUng,  375,  537,  1326 

V.  Mercer,  386 

V.  Moore,  191,  768 

V.  Prentiss,  439c 

V.  Rolfe,  675c 

V.  State,  692i 

V.  Stockdale,  461,  462 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  371a,  8946 

V.  Winona  M.  Co.,  664 
Butler  H.  R.  Co.  v.  Newark,  1164 
Butnam  v.  Hussey,  101,  940 
Butner  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Butte  County  v.  Boydston,  1165 
Butte  Electric  Ry.  v.  Jones,  5716,  577 
Butter  V.  Mutual  Aid  Loan,  etc.,  Co., 

1070 
Butterfield  v.  Byron,  655c 

V.  Kirtley,  999j 

V.  Stephens,  824 
Butterworth  v.  Todd,  1335 
Buttner  v.  Smith,  302a 
Button  V.  Kinnetz,  311,  999fc 

V.  MeCauley,  641 
Butts  V.  Collins,  1031 

V.  Edwards,  100,  990a 

V.  Nat.  Exch.  Bank,  44,  47 

V.  Phelps,  819 

V.  Woods,  689a 
Buxton  V.  Lister,  509,  636to 
Buzzell  V.  Snell,  301 
Byerlee  v.  Mendel,  1064 
Byers  v.  Homer,  487o 

V.  Jacobs,  947 
Byram  v.  McGuire,  368 


TABLE   OF  CASteS 
[RefereBces  are  to  sections] 


2807 


Byrd  v.  Bord,  673 

V.  Southern  Exp.  Co.,  573o 

V.  State,  692 

V.  Texas  Midland  R.  R.,  1371 
Byrket  v.  Monohon,  447 
Byrne  v.  Elfreth,  733a 

V.  Gardner,  44a 

V.  Great  Southern  &  W.  Ry.,  861 

V.  Independent  School  Diet.,  667 

V.  Mmneapolis  &  S.  L.  Ry.,  924o, 
937 

V.  Schwing,  819,  820 

V.  Weeks,  1068 
Byrne  Mill  Co.  v.  Robertson,  199 
Byrnes  v.  Baldwin,  669 

V.  National  Ins.  Co.,  715 

V.  Palmer,  540 

V.  Rich,  961,  964,  966 
Byrom  v.  Chapin,  73 


C.  B.  Coles  &  Sons  Co.  v.  Standard  L. 

Co.,  168 
C.  F.  Birtman  Co.  v.  Thompson,  695 
C.  H.  Albers  C.  Co.  v.  Spencer,  685, 

685i 
C.  P.  Mayer  Brick  Co.  v.  D.  J.  Ken- 
nedy Co.,  752o 
C.  R.  Cummings  &  Co.  v.  Masterton, 

934 
C.  W.  Dooley  &  Co.  v.  Hasenwinkle 

Grain  Co.,  762 
C.  W.  Himt  Co.  V.  Boston  El.  Ry., 

243a,  645 
C.  W.  Robinson  Lumber  Co.  v.  Burton, 

22Qg,  226w 
C.  W.  Zimmerman  Mfg.  Co.  v.  DaiEn, 

923 
Cabell  V.  Arnold,  464 
V.  Puryear,  301c 
Cable  V.  Bowlus,  43/ 
V.  Dakin,  375 
V.  Leeds,  608 
Cade  V.  Brown,  1012,  1018 
Cadle  V.  Muscatine  W.  R.  R.,  95^  932, 

947 
Cadman  v.  Markle,  6556,  6736 
Cadmus  v.  Fagan,  968,  980 
Cadwell  v.  Town  of  Canton,  6336 


Cady  V.  Allen,  972 

V.  Case,  360,  365 
Caffe  V.  Bertrand,  496 
Caffrey  v.  Darby,  816 
Cage  V.  Phillips,  9996,  1056 
Cagney  v.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1342 
Cahall  V.  Citizens'  M.  B.  Assoc,  688a 
Cahen  v.  Piatt,  613,  753 
Cahill  V.  Bensen,  909a,  916 

V.  District  of  Columbia,,  1110 

V.  Lee,  843 

V.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  873 

t).  Murphy,  445 

V.  Norwood  Park,  1171 

V.  Patterson,  673/ 

V.  Pintony,  1258,  1259 

V.  Verner,  557 
Cahn  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  883,  889 
Cain  V.  C.,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  95 

V.  Cody,,  540 

V.  Kelly,  1012a 

V.  Volimer,  182a 
Cairnes  v.  Knight,  416,  676 
Cairo  V.  Zane,  346 
Calahan  v.  Babcoek,  334 
Calbeck  v.  Ford,  417 
Calcaterra  v.  lovaldi,  573a 
Calcote  V.  Elkin,  985 
Calcraft  v.  Earl  of  Harboroughi  480 
Calder  v.  Southern  Ry.,  385 
Calderno  v.  Atlas  Steamship  Co.,,  851 
Caldwell  v.  Brown,  573o,  575 

V.  Central  Park,  N.  &  E.  R.  R., 
484,  1270 

V.  Dickson,  659 

V.  Dunklin,  301 

V.  Ins.  Co.,  439c 

V.  Murphy,  86c,  485a,  1289,  1307 

V.  N.  J.  S.  B.  Co.,  368 

V.  Nashua,  1110 

V.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  484 

V.  Porcher,  1234 

V.  Sawyer,  1060 

».  Schmulbach,  425 

V.  Southern  Ex.  Co.,  847 

V.  Stadacona  F.  &  L.  I.  Co.,  725 

V.  Vioksburg,  S.  &  P.  R.  R.,  368 

V.  West,  530,  531 
Caledonia,  The,  854 
Caledonian  Ry,  v.  Colt,  156,  850,  1089 


2808 


Caledonian  Ry.  v.  Ogilvy,  1090,  1092, 
1093, 1097 

V.  Walker's  Trustees,  1093,  1095, 
1105 
Calhoun  v.  Art  Metal  Constr.  Co.,  515 

V.  Burnett,  495 

V.  Marshall,  345 
California,  The,  589 
California  Cured  Fruit  Assoc,  v.  Ains- 

worth,  4976 
California  N.  &  I.  Co.,  In  re,  573,  579, 

596o,  599a 
California  P.  B.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Wasatch 

Orchard  Co.,  734 
California  Pacific  R.  R.  v.  Armstrong, 

1135,  1175 
California  S.  N.  Co.  v.  Wright,  415, 

418 
California  Southern  R.  R.  v.  Colton 
Land,  etc.,  Co.,  1151 

V.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R.,  1177 
Calkins  v.  Bertrand,  1215,  1233 

V.  Colbum,  451 
Call  V.  Foster,  686 

V.  Hagar,  240,  607,  629 

V.  Moll,  695& 
Callaghan  v.  Hall,  311& 

V.  Myers,  12466 
Callahan  v.  Ingram,  364,  377 

V.  Shotwell,  655c 
Callanan  v.  Brown,  257 

V.  Gihnan,  1194 

V.  Port  Huron  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  95 

V.  Shaw,  1331 
Callaway  M.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Clark,  196 
Callen  v.  Collins,  934 
Callendar  I.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Badger,  760 
Callender  v.  Marsh,  1108,  1112 

V.  Oelrichs,  817 
Callo  V.  Brouncker,  665 
Calloway  v.  Laydon,  1254,  1256 

».  Middleton,  451 
Calor  O.  &  G.  Co.  v.  Franzell,  1149 
Calton  V.  Bragg,  285,  287 
Calucha  v.  Naso,  632 
Calumet  Canal  Co.  v.  Morawetz,  1165a 
Calumet  E.  R.  Ry.  v.  Jennings,  1364 
Calumet  I.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Martin,  1258 
Calumet  River  Ry.  v.  Moore,  252, 1151, 
'    1171 


^ABLE   OF   CASiES 
[References  are  to  BectioBs] 

Calvit  V.  M'Fadden,  516c,  745 


Camden  v.  Allen,  332 

V.  Greenwald,  676 

V.  Ward,  6926 
Camden  C.  O.  Co.  v.  Schlens,  762 
Camden  I.  Ry.  v.  Frazier,  1342 
Camden  Interstate  R.  R.  v.  Smiley, 

1117 
Cameron  v.  Boyle,  692,  1258 

V.  Bryan,  1358 

II.  Burke,  975 

V.  Cameron,  37 

V.  Charing  C.  Ry.,  1097 

v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  1171 

V.  New  England  T.  &  T.,  436,  43d, 
43^ 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  924 

V.  Pittsburgh  &  L.  E.  R.  R.,  1154 

p.  Smith,  287 

V.  Vandegriff,  41,  485 

V.  White,  608,  613,  752 

V.  Wynch,  81 
Camp  V.  Bates,  343 

V.  Bostwick,  807 

V.  Camp,  360,  373 

V.  Douglas,  1053 

V.  First  Natl.  Bank,  331 

V.  Gauley,  1040 

V.  Hamlin,  753,  755 

V.  Homesley,  906 

V.  Morgan,  89 

V.  Pollock,  426 

V.  Randle,  695c 

I).  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Campbell  v.  American  F.  I.  Co.,  623, 
727 

V.  Arnold,  931 

V.  Barclay,  1216,  1226 

V.  Brown,  2  Woods,  349;  186,  908, 
916 

V.  Brown,  100  Tenn.  245;  695o 

V.  Campbell,  451 

V.  Chamberlain,  682 

V.  Commonwealth,  692 

V.  Cook,  1270a 

V.  Coquard,  310a 

V.  Cowdery,  301c 

V.  Dreher,  1347 

I/.  Fleming,  762 

V.  Gates,  658 


TABLE   or   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2809 


Campbell  v.  Harmon,  377a,  1254 

V.  Hatchett,  85 

V.  Hillman,  777 

V.  Howerton,  614,  988 

V.  Johnston,  966 

V.  Jones,  636re 

V.  Kerrick,  439d 

V.  Lewis,  1278 

V.  Los  Angeles  Traction  Co.,  1216 

V.  Metcalf,  685fc,  685n 

V.  Metropolitan  S.  R.  R.,  1123 

K.  Miltenberger,  2126,  992 

V.  Morse,  119 

V.  N.  A.  Brewing  Co.,  1354 

V.  Paddington,  35,  927 

V.  Pullman  P.  C.  Co.,  41,  47,  1216, 
485,  873a 

V.  Railway  Transfer  Co.,  1348 

V.  Seaboard  Air  Line  Ry.,  363o 

V.  Shields,  11  How.  Pr.  565;  999c 

V.  Shields,  6  Leigh,  517;  411 

V.  Somerville,  802,  1066 

V.  Tarbell,  680 

V.  Wheelihan-Weidauer  Co.,  1357 

V.  Wilson,  274 

V.  Woods,  627a 

V.  Woodworth,  244,  317,  432o 

V.  Worman,  695c 

V.  Wright,  828 

V.  York,  1306 
CampbeUsville  Lumber  Co.  v.  Bradley, 

739 
Campfield  v.  Sauer,  741 
Canada  v.  Canada,  636i 
Canada  Paint  Co.  v.  Johnston,  102 
Canadian  &  A.  M.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Fitz- 

patrick,  685j 
Canadian  Pac.  Ry.  v.  Parker,  1089 

V.  Robinson,  573a 

V.  Roy,  1089 
Canady  v.  Knox,  418 
Canal  Co.  v.  Grove,  1164 
Canandaigua  &  Niagara  Falls  R.  R. 

V.  Payne,  1115,  1185 
Canda  v.  Michigan  M.  I.  Co.,  1243 

V.  Wick,  66,  753 
Candee  v.  Skinner,  341 

V.  Webster,  341 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  154,   888, 
890 


Candler  v.  Washoe  L.  R.  &  G.  C.  D. 

Co.,  937 
Candler  Inv.  Co.  v.  Cox,  643 
Candrian  v.  Miller,  449 
Cane  v.  Allen,  979 
Cane  Belt  R.  R.  v.  Hughes,  1171c 
Canfield  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry., 
142  la.  658;  1348 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  59 
Mo.  App.  354;  380 

V.  Eleventh  School  District,  339 

V.  McLaughlin,  684 
Cannam  v.  Farmer,  1286 
Cannel  v.  Buckle,  675c 
Cannell  v.  M'Clean,  1010 
Canning  v.  Williamstown,  44 
Cannon  v.  Apperson,  301c 

i;.  Beggs,  302a 

V.  Brooklyn  City  R.  R.,  1365 

V.  Folsom,  5166,  734 

V.  Hunt,  645 

V.  Labarre,  685ft 

V.  Overstreet,  383c 

V.  The  Potomac,  67a,  587 

V.  White,  904 

V.  Wilbur,  988 

V.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  154,  890,  889 
Cannon  Coal  Co.  v.  Taggart,  674,  824 
Canon  City  Electric  Light  &  Power 
Co.  t).  Medart  Patent  Pulley  Co., 
760 
Canovan  v.  Neeld,  734 
Canteen,  H.  &  F.  Assoc,  v.  Schwartz, 

924 
Canter  v.  American  &  O.  I.  Co.,  235 
Canthen  v.  Breyer,  1369 
Canton  v.  Smith,  313a 
Canton  A.  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  French,  1159 
Canton  Lumber  Co.  v.  Lieler,  164 
Cantrell  v.  Fowler,  992 
Cantwell  v.  Burke,  991 
Cape  Girardeau  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Win- 

gerter,  1014 
Cape  Girardeau  &  T.  B.  T.  R.  R.  v.  St. 

Louis  &  G.  Ry.,  905 
Capehart  v.  Carradine,  641 

V.  Granite  Mills,  844 
Capel  V.  Lyons,  184 
Capen  v.  Crowell,  331 

V.  De  Steiger  G.  Co.,  739 


2810 

[References 

Capital   Lumbering    Co.    v.    Learned, 

681a 
Capital  National  Bank  v.  Cbldwater 

National  Bank,  311e 
Capper,  Ex  parte,  413 
Capps  V.  Vasey  Bros.,  256 
Carbondale  Invest.  Co.  v.  Burdick,  185 
Cardell  v.  Bridge,  657 
Carey  v.  Berkshire  R.  R.,  570 

V.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  1355 

V.  Brooks,  946 

V.  Guillow,  1044 
Cargill  V.  Thompson,  189,  218,  228 
Carhart  v.  Wainman,  229 
Carl  V.  Granger  Coal  Co.,   107a,   109, 
999fc 

V.  Sheboygan  &  F.  du  L.  R.  R., 
95,  924,  924a,  932 
Garland  v.  Cunningham,  126c 

V.  New  Orleans,  656 
Carle  v.  Nelson,  753 
Carleton  v.  Lombard,  773 
Carli  V.  Seymoin:,  618 

V.  Stillwater  &  St.  P.  R.  R.,  1148 

V.  Union  D.  S.  R.  &  T.  Co.,  363, 
363a,  924,  932,  948 
Carlile  v.  Bentley,  172 
Carlin  v.  New  York,  642 
Carlisle  v.  Callahan,  134 

V.  Green,  417,  636a 
Carll  V.  Goldberg,  633c 
Carlon  v.  Dixon,  678,  689a 
Carlson  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1364 

V.  Oregon,  S.  L.  &  U.  N.  Ry.,  573a 

V.  Stone-Ordean-Wells  Co.,  633 

V.  St.  Louis  &  Suburban  Ry.,  488 
Carlwitz  v.  Germania  F.  Ins.  Co.,  726 
Carlyon  v.  Lannan,  493,  493a 
Carman  v.  Beam,  908 

V.  Franklin  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  1042 

V.  Noble,  795 

V.  Trude,  762 
Carmichael  v.  Bell  Tel.  Co.,  897a 

V.  Texarkana,  91 
Carmody  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  43i 
Carnahan  v.  Hughes,  756 
Carnegie  v.  Federal  Bank  of  Canada, 

821 
Garner  v.  Chicago,  S.  P.  M,  <&  0.  Ry., 
933 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


are  to  sections] 

Camer  v.  Peters,  1024 

Games  v.  Heimrod,  685^ 

Carney  v.  Concord  St.  R.  R.,  5716 

V.  Vogel,  734 
Carolina  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  McCaskill, 

917 
Carolina    Portland    Cement    Co.    v. 

Columbia  Imp.  Co.,  161 
Carp  V.  Queen  Ins.  Co.,  364,  1337 
Carpenter  v.  Barber,  3835,  1274 

V.  Brand,  308a 

V.  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  &  P.  R.  R.,  574 

V.  Carpenter,  90,  633o 

V.  Cummings,  82,  565 

V.  Doody,  549 

V.  Dresser,  53,  565a 

V.  Eastern  Transp.  Co.,  67o 

t>.  Easton  &  A.  R.  R.,  331o 

».  First  Nat.  Bank,  695,  740,  762, 
770 

V.  Going,  61 

V.  Hyman,  387 

V.  Ibbetson,  644 

V.  Jennings,  1138 

«.  Landaff,  1129,  1148 

V.  he  Count,  834 

V.  Lingenfelter,  499,  534,  936 

V.  Locldiart,  413 

V.  Manhattan  Life  Ins.  Co.,  53 

V.  Mexican  N.  R.  R.,  41,  47,  180 

V.  MitcheD,  909o 

V.  N.   Y.   Evening   Journal   Pub. 
Co.,  448(i 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  129 

V.  Providence  W.  I.  Co.,  725 

V.  Red  Cloud,  1369 

V.  Shelden,  456 

V.  Small,  903,  916 

».  Stevens,  691 

V.  Stevenson,  682 

».  Warner,  559 
Carpentier  v.  Atherton,  270 

V.  MendenhaU,  911 
Carr  v.  Am.  Locomotive  Co.,  1353 

V.  Bennett,  301c 

V.  Hills  Archimedean  Lawn  Mower 
Co.,  633 

V.  Houston  G.  &  W.  Co.,  684 

V.  Moore,  777,  1291 

V,  Roberta,  789 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


[References 

Carr  v.  Smith,  8O80 

V.  State,  338 

V.  Toledo  Traction  Co.,  865 

V.  Tucker,  1031 
Carricarti  v.  Blanco,  312 
Carrick  v.  Joachim,  484 
Carrico  v.  Stevenson,  614 
Carrie  v.  Cloverdale  Banking  &  C.  Co., 

4976 
Carrier  v.  Esbaugh,  61 
Carrine  v.  Westerfield,  931 
Carris  v.  Ingalls,  750 
Carrol  St.,  In  re,  243c 
Carroll  v.  Caine,  618 

0.  Centralia  Water  Co.,  1347 

V.  Little,  310a 

V.  Marshall,  1128 

w.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  67a 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  11986 

V.  Pathkiller,  527 

V.  Sharp,  1031 

V.  Welch,  660,  662 
Carroll's  Estate  In  re,  616 
Carroll-Porter  B.  &  T.  Co.  ».  Colum- 
bus Mach.  Co.,  153,  157,  163,  607, 
740,  742,  767 
Carroll    Springs    Distilllag    Co.     of 

Baltimore  v.  Schnepfe,  116 
Carron  v.  Clark,  1265 
Carruthers  v.  Gay,  411,  413 
Carsey  v.  I'armer,  127,  179 
Carson  v.  Alexander,  298 

V.  Arvantes,  414,  999a 

V.  Coleman,  1148 

V.  Gferman  Ins.  Co.,  335 

V.  Houssels,  777 

V.  Kelley,  973 

V.  Marine  Ins.  Co.,  717 

V.  Norfolk  &  C.  R.  R.,  932 

V.  St.  Joseph,  1177 

V.  Singleton,  481 

V.  Smith,  317,  373o,  387 

V.  Texas  Installment  Co.,  361 
Carsten  v.  Northern  P.  Ry.,  47,  129, 

865 
Carstens  v.  McDonald,  636(i 
Carter  v.  Baker,  1215,  1220,  1228,  1243 

V.  Burr,  999d 

V.  Cairo  V.  &  C.  Ry.,  189,  942 

V.  Carter,  4  Day,  30;  678 


2811 

are  to  sections] 

Carter  v.  Carter,  1  Bailey,  217;  973 

V.  Corley,  411 

V.  Denman,  976,  979 

V.  Duggan,  555 

V.  DuPre,  515 

V.  Feland,  493,  497 

V.  Fidelity  &  Deposit  Co.,  808 

V.  111.  Cent.  R.  R.,  387 

V.  Kaufman,  419 

V.  Lacy,  988 

V.  Nunda,  171a 

V.  Oster,  44a 

V.  Pitcher,  933 

V.  Roberts,  734,  741 

i;.  Roland,  494 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  212 

V.  Strom,  413 

V.  Thorn,  Slid,  678,  692* 

V.  Thurston,  1293 

V.  Towne,  113 

V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  937 

V.  Walker,  1060 

V.  Wallace,  101,  923 
Carthage  Turnpike  Co.  v.  Andrews, 

485o,  1364 
Cartin  v.  Hammond,  1012 
Cartmill  v.  Brown,  301 
Cartwright  v.  Culver,  973 

V.  Elliott,  1337 

V.  McCook,  747 

V.  Puissigur,  1353 
Caruth  v.  Allen,  101,  109 
Carver  v.  J.  S.  Mayfield  Lumber  Co., 

334,  695c 
Carvill  v.  Jacks,  959,  1027a,  1030 
Gary  v.  Courtenay,  274,  275 

V.  Gruman,  761,  762,  1295 

V.  Lovell  Mfg.  Co.,  1222 

V.  Preferred    Accident    Ins.    Co., 
116 

V.  Whitney,  335 
Cary  Lithograph  Co.  v.  Magazine  Book 

Co.,  245 
Casani  v.  Dunn,  684a 
Cascarella  v.  National  Grocer  Co.,  1329 
Casco  Bank  v.  Keene,  708 
Case  V.  Babbitt,  655 

V.  Brown,  1226 

V.  Case,  45  la.  48;  444 

V.  Case,  137  App.  Div.  393;  633a 


2812 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Case  V.  Fish,  339a 

V.  Hall,  908 

V.  Hart,  78 

V.  Hartford  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  723a 

V.  Hotchkiss,  310,  311 

V.  Marks,  445,  451 

V.  Minot,  1256d 

V.  Osbom,  308a 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  435 

V.  Shepherd,  924,  931 

V.  Stevens,  164a,  762 

V.  Simonds,  755 

V.  Wolcott,  1012 
Case  Plow  Works  v.  Niles  &  Scott  Co., 

762 
Casey  v.  Ballou  Banking  Co.,  373a 

V.  Carver,  314 

V.  Galli,  301a 

V.  Gibbons,  325 

V.  Gill,  638 

V.  Kelly-Atkinson  Const.  Co.,  1367 
Cash  V.  Kennion,  275 
Cashion  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894, 

8946 
Casper  v.  Khppen,  126c,  182a 
Cass  V.  New  Orleans  Times,  453 
Cassaboglou  v.  Gibb,  826 
Cassady  v.  Trustees  of  Schools,  303 
Casselberry  v.  Forquer,  84o 
Cassell  V.  Board  Councilmen  of  Nichol- 

asville,  1152a 
Cassels'  MiUs  v.  Strater  Bros.  Grain 

Co.,  753 
Cassidy  v.  Hunt,  1226 

V.  Le  Fevre,  190,  646 
Cassin  v.  Delany,  1330 

V.  Marshall,  493 
Casteel  v.  Walker,  330 
Castello  V.  Landwehr,  574a,  577 
Castenholz  v.  Heller,  1299 
Castino  v.  Ritzman,  482a 
Castle  V.  Noyes,  834 

V.  Peirce,  966 
Castleberry  v.  Atlanta,  1137 
Caston  V.  Perry,  929a 
Castor  V.  Dufur,  979 
Caswell  V.  Coare,  760,  1038 

V.  Howard,  76 

a.  Wendell,  962,  966 
Catawissa  R.  R.  v.  Armstrong,  574a 


Cate  V.  Schaum,  943 

Cater  v.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.,  864 

Gates  V.  McKimiey,  639,  1266 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Catharine,  The,  v.  Dickinson,  587,  592 
Cathcart  v.  Bowman,  970 
Catherwood  v.  Caslon,  86 
Cathey  v.  St.  Louis  &  S.  P.  R.  R.,  365, 

1342 
CathoUc  Knights  of  America  v.  Franke, 

301 
CatUn  V.  Bell,  816 

V.  Knott,  311 

V.  Lyman,  345 

V.  Smith,  823 

V.  Ware,  722 
Catlin  C.  C.  Co.  i;.  Euster,  937 
Catron  v.  Lafayette  County,  334 
Catterlin  v.  Voney,  426 
Cattle  V.  Stockton  Water  Works,  33 
Catzer  v.  Brooklyn,  O.  C.  &  S.  R.  R., 

1347 
Caulkins  v.  Gaslight  Co.,  83,  497 

V.  Harris,  3016,  981,  982 
Causee  v.  Anders,  372 
Causin  v.  Taylor,  302a 
Cavanagh  v.  A.  W.  Stevens  Co.,  762 

V.  Durgin,  202,  932,  939 
Cavanaugh  v.  Austin,  447 
Cavender  v.  Smith,  912 
Caverhill  v.  Robillard,  69,  932 
Caverly  v.  Nichols,  676 
Caves  V.  Bartek,  209 
Cawdor  v.  Lewis,  915 
Cawood  Patent,  The,  1230,  1231,  1234 
Cawston  v.  Sturgis,  778,  1028 
Cawthon  v.  Lusk,  738 
Cayuga,  The,  593 
Caze  V.  Baltimore  Ins.  Co.,  841 
Cease  v.  Cockle,  304,  313a 
Cecconi  v.  Rodden,  962 
Cecil  V.  Hicks,  326 

Cedar  Rapids,  I.  F.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  v. 
Raymond,  1166 

V.  Ryan,  253 
Cederberg  v.  Robinson,  607,  615 
Ceigler  v.  Hopper-Morgan  Co.,  486c 
Celestial  Empire,  The,  597a 
Celluloid  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Cellonite  Mfg. 
Co.,  1231 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2813 


Center  v.  American  Ins.  Co.,  711 
Central  A.  Co.  v.  Buchanan,  636?i 
Central  B.  U.  P.  R.  R.  v.  Andrews,  26 
Kan.  702;  95 

V.  Andrews,  41  Kan.  370;  947 

V.  Nichols,  252 

V.  Twine,  1117 
Central  Bridge  Corp.  v.  Lowell,  1173 
Central  C.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Welbom,  564 
Central  Coal  Co.  ».  Hartman,  182,  183 
Central  Coal  &  C.  Co.  v.  John  Henry 

Shoe  Co.,  504,  934 
Central  Foundry  Co.  v.  Bennett,  574 
Central  G.  P.  Co.  v.  Mays,  1123 
Central  of  Ga.  Ry.  ».  Ashley,  1342 

V.  Forehand,  1356 

V.  Glascock,  851 

V.  Moore,  485a 

V.  Morgan,  212,  864a 

V.  Mote,  1354 

V.  Murphey,  851 

V.  PerkerSon,  580a 

V.  Price,  117 

V.  Sowell,  363a 

V.  White,  212 

V.  Windham,  924 
Central  Ky.  Tract.  Co.  v.  Chapman, 

1270 
Central  L.  Co.  v.  Providence,  1158 
Central  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Cotton,  486c 
Central  Oil  Co.  v.  Southern  Refining 

Co.,  753 
Central  Pac.  Ry.  v.  Feldman,  251a 

V.  Kuhn,  481 

V.  Pearson,  1169,  1179 
Central  R.  R.  &  B.  Co.  v.  Atlantic  & 
G.  R.  R.,  333 

V.  Lanier,  1270 

V.  Murray,  933 
Central  Ry.  v.  Bayonne,  1167 

V.  Crosby,  1306,  1367 

».  De  Brav,  The,  1357 

V.  Hassel,  856a 

V.  Hetfield,  924a 

V.  Sears,  316,  319 

».  Senn,  1293 

V.  Thompson,  574o,  581 

V.  Warren,  438 
Central  Trust  Co.  v.  Arctic  Ice  Mach. 
Co.,  735c,  762 


Central  Trust  Co.  v.  Clark,  153 

V.  Condon,  311/ 

V.  Savannah  &  W.  R.  R.,  856o 
Centralia  v.  Wright,  95 
Centralia  &  Chester  R.  R.  v.  Brake, 
1163 

V.  Rixman,  1167 
Cepheus,  The,  589 
Cemahan  v.  Chrisler,  494a,  506a 
Cemy  v.  Paxton  &  Gallagher  Co.,  248a, 

440 
Cerrillos  Coal  R.  R.  v.  Deserant,  573, 

584 
Chace  v.  Hinman,  795 

V.  Lamphere,  914 
Chacey  v.  Fargo,  119,  486 
Chadwick  v.  Butler,  519,  734 

V.  Lamb,  79 

V.  Woodward,  127,  155,  992 
Chaffee  v.  Sherman,  79,  80o,  82 
Chaffee's  Appeal,  1131 
Chaffer  v.  Sherman,  565 
Chafoin  v.  Rich,  702 
Chair  Co.  v.  Henderson,  1123 
Chairman  v.  Moore,  692y 
Chaityn  v.  Stock,  6336 
ChaUce  v.  Witte,  153,  742 
ChaUe  v.  Duke  of  York,  285 
Chalk  V.  Charlotte  C.  &  A.  R.  R.,  139 
Chalmers  v.  Shackell,  447 
Chamber  of  Commerce  v.  Sollitt,  758 
Chamberlain  v.  Bagley,  417 

V.  Bellar,  801 

V.  Brady,  6076 

V.  Colhnson,  503,  935 

V.  Farr,  753 

V.  Hibbard,  620,  644 

V.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  R.  R.,  1342 

V.  Parker,  107c,  619,  993 

V.  Porter,  86c,  1261 

V.  Shaw,  80 

V.  Smith,  304 

V.  Ward,  587 

V.  West  End  of  London  Ry.,  1093 

V.  Worrel,  493 
Chamberlaine  v.  Chester  &  B.  Ry.,  1076 
ChamberUn  v.  McCallister,  612a 

V.  Scott,  6556,  665 

V.  Vance,  451 
Chambers  v.  Boyd,  312 


2814  TABLE 

[References 

Chambers  v.  Brown,  984 

V.  Chambers,  301c 

V.  Donaldson,  931 

V.  Ft.  Bend  County,  606c,  6796 

V.  Frazier,  109 

V.  Goldwin,  343 

V.  Harper,  229 

V.  Jajmes,  657 

V.  Kupper-Benson  Hotel  Co.,  574o 

V.  South  Chester,  1163, 1168, 1169, 
1172o 

V.  Upton,  3836 
Chamlee  v.  Planters'  Hotel  Co.,  1355 
Champion  v.  Smith,  55a 

V.  Vincent,  101,  363o,  373a 
Champion  I.  M.  &  C.  S.  Co.  v.  Penn- 
sylvania I.  W.  Co.,  165 
Champlain  v.  Detroit  Stamping  Co., 

667 
Champlain  S.  &  S.  Co.  i).  State,  224 
Champlin  v.  Baltimore  &  O.  S.  W.  R. 
R.,  932 

V.  Rowley,  659 
Chandelor  v.  Lopus,  761a 
Chandler  v.  Allison,  127a,  182,  226d 

V.  Bush,  1293 

«.  Childs,  1044,  1071 

V.  Doulton,  100,  990a 

».. Grieves,  672 

V.  Jamaica  Pond  A.  Co.,  331a,  1158 

V.  Smith,  126o 

V.  Stear,  83 
Chandler's  W.  B.  and  London  County 

Councils,  In  re,  1085 
Chapel  V.  Bull,  956,  962,  969 
Chaperon  v.  Portland  G.  E.  Co.,  435a 
Chapin  v.  Murphy,  325 
Chaplin  v.  Hicks,  200 

V.  Warner,  762 
Chapman  v.   Albany  &  Schenectady 
Railroad,  1182 

V.  Atlantic  Ave.  R.  R.,  1355,  1363 

V.  Burt,  305 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  318,  844 

V.  Cochran,  755 

V.  Commonwealth,  692e 

V.  Copeland,  101 

V.  Dodd,  1326 

V.  Doherty,  551 

V.  Fowler,  736 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Chapman  v.  Ingram,  753 

V.  Kansas  City,  etc.,  Co.,  617,  752 

tf.  Kerr,  533 

V.  Kincaid,  1334 

J).  Kirby,  182,  254 

V.  Larin,  753 

V.  McCrea,  819 

V.  Oshkosh  &  M.  R.  R.  R.,  1148, 
1155 

V.  Pfarr,  1365,  1367 

I).  Rawson,  940,  1286 

V.  Rockford  Ins.  Co.,  722 

V.  Ross,  795 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  1357 

V.  Thames  Manuf .  Co.,  99 

V.  Thomburgh,  5656 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894, 
894a 
Chapman  Dec.  Co.  v.  Security  Mut.  L. 

Ins.  Co.,  419 
Chappel  V.  Theus,  301c 
Chappell  V.  Effis,  436,  564 

V.  Western  Ry.,  182a 
Chappelle  v.  Olney,  340c 
Charde  v.  Brooklyn,  1154c 
Charles  v.  Altin,  86,  817 

V.  St.  Louis  &  I.  M.  R.  R.,  493 
Charles  City  Plow  &  M.  Co.  v.  Jones, 

565c,  682 
Charles  J.  Webb  &  Co.  v.  Novelty 

Hosiery  Co.,  753 
Charles  R.  Stone,  The,  587 
Charleston  v.  Newman,  1121,  1149 
Charleston  &  S.  S.  Bridge  v.  Comstock, 

1154 
Charleston  &  W.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Reynolds, 

1156 
Charleston  Fruit  Co.  v.  Bond,  413 
Charleston  Ice  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Joyce, 

650,  655»»655e 
Charleston  Lumber  Co.  v.  Friedman, 

426 
Charlotte,  The,  124  Fed.  989;  1367 
Charlotte,  The,  [1908],  P.  206;  76 
Charlton  v.  Markland,  1337 
Charman  v.  Hibbler,  970,  982,  983 

V.  Tatum,  982,  983 
Charman,  Ex  parte,  287 
Charrington  v.  Laing,  415 
Chartier  v.  Marshall,  1012 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2815 


Chase  v.  Allen,  416 

V.  Bennett,  241a 

V.  Blaisdell,  493 

e.  Burlington,  C.  R.  &  N.  Ry.,  1306 

V.  Clearfield  Lumber  Co.,  2146,  933 

V.  Cochran,  170 

V.  Corcoran,  650 

V.  Dearborn,  677 

V.  Heaney,  623 

V.  Hoosac  T.  &  W.  R.  R.,  933 

V.  Jemmett,  1175 

V.  Keyes,  554 

V.  Manhardt,  341 

V.  Munroe,  558 

V.  New  York  Central  R.  R.,  221 

V.  Portland,  1148,  1172o 

V.  Smith,  642 

V.  Snow,  58,  226c 

V.  Union  Stone  Co.,  308a,  310 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894 

V.  Worcester,  1147 
Chase  County  Nat.  Bank  v.  Thomp- 
son, 535 
Chatfield  v.  Bunnell,  460 

V,  Wilson,  940 
Chatham  v.  Jones,  742 
Chatsworth  v.  Rowe,  1327 
Chattahoochee,  The,  687,  588 
Chattahoochee  Brick  Co.  v.  Sullivan, 

614 
Chattanooga  ».  Dowling,  91,  95 

V.  Geiler,  1148 
Chattanooga,  R.  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Liddell, 

359 
Chatterton  v.  Crothers,  408, 419 

V.  Fox,  986 
Chaude  v.  Shepard,  414 
Chauncey  v.  Yeaton,  317 
Chauvin  v,  VaUton,  537 
Chaves  v.  TorUna,  203 
Cheairs  v.  Coats,  999d 
Cheatham  v.  Red  River  Line,  571a, 

1367 
Cheddick  w.  Marsh,  397,  400,  418 
Cheek  v.  Waldnim,  301 
Cheeney  v.  Nebraska  &  C.  S.  Co.,  502, 

503,  935 
Cheesborough  v.  Hunter,  304 
Cheetham  v.  Tillotson,  1276 
Cheeves  v.  Anders,  729 


Chellis  V.  Chapman,  370,  637o,  638 
Chelmsford  Co.  v.  Demerest,  694 
Chemical  Nat.  Bank  v.  Armstrong,  311/ 
340a 

V.  Bailey,  309 
Cheney  v.  Bilby,  3406 

V.  City  Natl.  Bank,  973 

V.  Gleason,  1030 

V.  Libby,  3016 
Chenowith  v.  Hicks,  1326 
Cherbuliez  v.  Parsons,  1361 
Chemick  v.  Independent  American  Ice 

Cream  Co.,  67a 
Cherokee  &  P.  C.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Limb, 

576,  1367 
Cherry  v.  Lake  Drummond  Co.,  924a 

V.  Louisiana  &  A.  Ry.,  1333, 1367 

V.  Mann,  678 

V.  McCall,  386 

V.  Rock  Hill,  1115 

V.  Sutton,  1059 
Cherry  Valley  Iron  Works  v.  Florence 
Iron  River  Co.,  6366,  636(i,  753,  755 
Chesapeake  &  0.  C.  Co.  v.  Allegany 
County,  241 

V.  Chambers,  1110,  1154c 

I).  Knapp,  655/ 

V.  William,  1109 
Chesapeake  &  O.  R.  R.  v.  Chambers, 
1110,  1154c 

V.  Conley,  387 

V.  Crank,  1261 

V.  Davis,  1356 

V.  Dodge,  1347 

V.  Dupee,  1367 

V.  Fortune,  1366 

V.  Gross,  96,  948 

V.  Hawkins,  5716 

V.  Hoffman,  1347 

V.  Judd,  1367 

V.  Lang,  574a 

V.  Lavin,  58 

V.  Osborne,  1342 

V.  Satterfield,  368 

V.  Smith,  1138a 

V.  Stein,  1149 

V.  Stock,  851 

V.  Ward,  1367 
Chesapeake  &  P.  T.  Co.  v.  Mackenzie, 
932 


2816  TABLE 

[References 

Chesapeake  Bank  v.  Swain,  271 
Chesapeake  T.  Co.  v.  Walker,  610 
Cheseborough  v.  Home  Ins.  Co.,  720 
Chesebro  v.  Powers,  241,  455 
Cheshire  v.  Adams  and  C.  Reservoir 

Co.,  1112a 
Cheshire  Turnpike  Co.  v.  Stevens,  93 
Chesley  v.  Chesley,  639a 

V.  St.  Clair,  76,  80 

V.  Tompson,  47 
Chesmore  w.  Barker,  565o,  734 
Chesnutt  v.  Chism,  976 
Chester  v.  Broderick,  688 
Chester  Co.  v.  Brower,  1120 
Chesterfield,  Earl  of,  v.  Duke  of  Bolton, 


V.  Jansen,  606c 
Chesterman  v.  Lamb,  772 
Cheuvront  v.  Bee,  9996,  1057 
Cheveley  v.  Morris,  1258 
Chew  V.  Bank  of  Baltimore,  302 

V.  Lucas,  989 
Chicago,  City  of,  v.  Greer,  636a 
Chicago  V.  Allcock,  293,  301c 

V.  Anglum,  1138 

V.  Angnet,  1138 

V.  Barbian,  331a 

V.  Bork,  1354 

V.  Brophy,  1328 

V.  Burcky,  1151,  1160a 

V.  Colman,  1347 

V.  Didier,  1363 

V.  Elzeman,  41,  47,  86c,  180,  481, 
485,  1328 

V.  Fowler,  1328 

V.  Gillett,  1363 

V.  GurreU,  226/ 

V.  Hesing,  584a 

V.  Hoy,  1328 

V.  Huenerbein,  184,  942,  948 

V.  Jackson,  1168 

V.  Jones,  41,   47,   86c,    180,    226/, 
3806,  481,  485 

V.  Keefe,  574a 

V.  Kelly,  3806,  1328 

V.  Kimball,  1367 

V.  Langlass,  41,  47,  180,  226/,  3806, 
481,  485 

V.  Loebel,  1348 

V.  McDonough,  74 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Chicago  V.  McLean,  44 

V.  McNally,  1309,  1354 

V.  McShane,  1138,  1169 

V.  Major,  573o 

V.  Martin,  368,  3806 

V.  O'Brennan,  490,  1269 

V.  Ogden  Sheldon  &  Co.,  1363 

V.  Palmer,  331a 

V.  People,  337 

V.  Powers,  575,  680 

V.  Pulcyn,  1152o 

V.  Reid,  1358 

V.  Saldman,  1363 

V.  Scholten,  579 

V.  Sexton,  613,  655d 

V.  Spoor,  1169 

V.  Sutton,  1348 

V.  Taylor,  1115,  1121,  1123 

V.  Tebbetts,  294 

V.  Union  Bldg.  Assoc,  35 

V.  Webb,  1138 

V.  Wieland,  1354 
Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  Adler,  1367 

V.  Davis,  316 

V.  Erickson,  842 

V.  Flagg,  42,  47,  864,  865,  866 

V.  Goodwin,  1177 

V.  Harrington,  483 

V.  Johct,  1160a 

V.  Kelly,  574 

V.  Logue,  1367 

V.  Murray,  1328 

V.  Randolph,  487a 

V.  Robbins,  924,  924a 

V.  Scott,  1121,  1295 

V.  Shannon,  579 

V.  Springfield,  217,  1161 

V.  Thrapp,  856a 

V.  Watsker,  1348 

V.  Wilson,  63  111.  167;  180,  226/, 
481,  485,  1325 

V.  Wilson,  128  111.  App.  88;  1367 
Chicago  &  E.  111.  R.  R.  v.  Beaver,  575 

V.  Driscoll,  583 

V.  Huston,  584a 

V.  Loeb,  95,  1109,  1154e 

V.  McAuley,  1110 

V.  Barnes,  937 

V.  Blake,  1138 

V.  Branyan,  1367 


TABLE 

[References 

Chicago  &  E.  111.  R.  R.  v.  Cleminger, 
226o,  483 

V.  Dresel,  1154 

V.  HoUan,  41,  483 

V.  Jacobs,  1171b 

V.  Meech,  485o 

V.  Smith,  937a 

V.  Stephenson,  1367 

V.  Vestor,  576,  1367 
Chicago  &  G.  E.  R.  R.  u.  Vosburgh,  655 
Chicago  &  G.  T.  Ry.  v.  Hough,  1152a, 

1167 
Chicago  &  I.  C.  Ry.  v.  Huntor,  1110, 

1164 
Chicago  &  I.  R.  R.  v.  Baker,  373,  947, 
1275 

V.  Hopkins,  1164 
Chicago  &  J.  E.  Ry.  ».  Barrows,  1356 

V.  Fatten,  1355 

V.  Spence,  485a 
Chicago  &  M.  E.  R.  R.  v.  Diver,  1165c 

V.  Krempel,  486 

V.  Mawman,  1165c 

V.  Ullrich,  484 
Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.  v.  Bayfield,  580 

V.  Calumet  Stock  Farm,  852 

V.  Chicago,  1165,  1171 

V.  Chishohn,  47,  865 

V.  De  Clow,  172 

V.  Des  Lauriers,  1367 

V.  Dickinson,  844 

V.  Hoag,  36a,  86a 

V.  Kendall,  167  Fed.  62;  1309 

V.  Kendall,  186  Fed.  139;  935a 

V.  Moranda,  580 

V.  Nichols,  836 

V.  Peacock,  1326 

V.  Shultz,  316,  318 

V.  Stanbro,  853 

V.  Sweet,  574 

V.  WilUams,  47,  865 
Chicago  &  Pacific  R.   R.  v.   Francis, 
1123a 

V.  Hildenbrand,  1154,  1163 

V.  Stein,  1138 
Chicago  &  R.  I.  R.  R.  v.  McKean,  1328 

V.  Morris,  573a 

».  Northern  111.  Coal  &  I.  Co.,  999e 

V.  Ward,  191,  226a,  942,  1275 
Chicago  &  S.  E.  Ry.  v.  McEwen,  416 

177 


OF  CASES  2817 

are  to  sections] 

Chicago  &  S.  E.  R.  v.  Yawger,  614 
Chicago  &  W.  I.  R.  R.  v.  Berg,  1165a 

V.  Cogswell,  1109 

V.  Englewood  Connecting  R.  R., 
1169 

».  Ptacek,  573a,  1367 
Chicago  &  W.  M.  R.  R.  v.  Huncheon, 
1154 

V.  Reid,  107c 
Chicago,  B.  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Bowman, 

1138 
Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  v.  Blank,  1367 

V.  Emmert,  937 

V.  Gardiner,  851 

V.  Griffin,  1328 

V.  Gunderson,  584a 

V.  Hale,  852 

V.  Harwood,  573a 

V.  Hines,  47 

V.  Krayenbuhl,  1356 

V.  Johnson,  67 

11.  McGinnis,  1152o 

V.  Metcalf,  435 

V.  Miller,  851 

V.  Morris,  1334 

V.  Naperville,  101 

V.  O'Connor,  60  N.  W.  326;  947 

V.  O'Connor,  42  Neb.  90;  1165 

V.  Sample,  1367 

V.  Schaffer,  93,  924 

V.  Shafer,  1166 

V.  Spirk,  150,  868,  872 

V.  Starmer,  481,  485 

V.  Steel,  1152a 

V.  Sullivan,  1354 

V.  Warner,  484,  485 

V.  Weber,  1367 

V.  West  Chicago  St.  R.  R.,  1152a 
Chicago  Building  Society  v.  Crowell, 

623,  817 
Chicago  City  Ry.  v.  Carroll,  484 

V.  Cooney,  2216 

V.  Flynn,  181 

V.  Gillam,  573a 

V.  Henry,  62  111.  142;  172,  1328 

V.  Henry,  218  III.  92;  483 

V.  Howison,  685e 

V.  Kenyon,  1348 

V.  Mauger,  484 

V.  Riddick,  575 


2818  TABLE 

[References 

Chicago  City  Ry.  v.  Saxby,  1216,  214a, 
221& 

V.  Schaefer,  4866 

V.  Shreve,  1355 

V.  Strong,  1367 

V.  Taylor,  170  111.  49;  44 

V.  Taylor,  68  111.  App.  613;  1355 

V.  Wilcox,  1356 
Chicago  Co.  v.  Core,  366 
Chicago  Consol.  Bottling  Co.  «.  Tietz, 

573a 
Chicago  C.  T.  Co.  v.  Mahoney,  366, 

1345 
Chicago  City  Ry.  v.  Mumford,  1348 
Chicago  Consol.  Traction  Co.  v.  Schrit- 

ter,  44 
Chicago  Dock  Co.  v.  Dunlap,  939 
Chicago,  E.  &  L.  S.  Ry.  Co.  v.  Adamick, 
1367 

V.  CathoBc  Bishop,  252,  1158 
Chicago  G.  W.  Ry.  v.  Gitchell,  434 

V.  Root,  1367 
Chicago  House-Wrecking  Co.  «.  U.  S., 

413,  620a 
Chicago,  I.  &  E.  Ry.  Co.  v.  Mason, 

1148,  1165c 
Chicago  I.  &  L.  R.  R.  v.  Woodward,  852 
Chicago  Ins.  Co.  ».  Graham,  etc.,  Co., 

714 
Chicago,  K.  &  N.  Ry.  v.  BroqUet,  1151 

V.  Davidson,  253,  1171 

V.  EUis,  1156 

V.  Wiebe,  1141,  1154 
Chicago,  K.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Emery,  1148 

V.  Hoffman,  1149 

V.  Hurst,  1154a,  1156 

V.  O'Connell,  387 

t.  Parsons,  1149 

V.  Union  Inv.  Co.,  95,  947 

V.  Watkins,  71,  932 

V.  Willets,  932 

V.  Woodward,  1148 
Chicago  Macaroni  Mfg.  Co.    v.    Bog- 

giano,  294 
CMeago,  Milwaukee  &  S.  P.  Ry.  v. 
Baker,  1154,  1167 

V.  Darke,  1165 

V.  Hall,  1138,  1168 

«.  Hock,  1169 

V.  Lindeman,  173 


OF   CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  S.  P.  Ry.  v. 
Mason,  252,  1166c 

V.  Milwaukee,  1152a 

V.  Newsome,  172 

V.  Randolph  T.  S.  Co.,  1151 

V.  Thayer,  1123 
Chicago  N.  S.  St.  Ry.  i).  Payne,  1121 
Chicago  Office  Bldg.  v.  Lake  St.  El.  R. 

R.,  1121 
Chicago,  P.  &  M.  R.  R.  Co.  v.  Atter- 
bury,  1165 

V.  Moore,  1165a 
CMcagO,  P.  &  S.  L.  Ry.  v.  Blimie,  1163 

V.  Brinkman,  1109 

V.  Eaton,  1164,  1165 

».  Greiney,  1164,  1165 

V.  Leah,  1121 

V.  Nix,  1163,  1165 

V.  Wolf,  1164 

V.  Woolridge,  580,  584a 
CKeago  Ry.  v.  Anderson,  47 
Chicago  R.  I.  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Barnes,  47 

V.  Forrester,  1359 

V.  Jones,  852 

V.  Rogers,  247 

V.  Swam,  130  S.  W.  855;  1363 

V.  Swan,  127  S.  W.  1164;  1360 

V.  Trippett,  1367 
Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Austin,  577 

t).  Barrett,  1350 

V.  Broe,  854 

V.  Buel,  1141 

*.  Carey,  225,  942 

V.  Caulfield,  47,  484 

V.  George,  1149 

V.  Hale,  482a 

V.  Johnson,  937 

V.  Kennedy^  86c 

:V.  McKittrick,  1328 

V.  Miles,  856a 

V.  Mosher,  1295 

c.  Moss,  43y 

V.  Newburn,  378,  380 

V.  O'Neil,  1163 

V.  Payzant,  1347 

V.  Planters'  G.  &  O.  Co.,  856,  856a 

V.  Posten,  181j  860,  1303 

V.  Pratt,  1349 

t.  Scheinkoenig,  482a 

V.  Smith,  1109 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2819 


[References 

Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.   R.  R.  v.  Stibbs, 
482 
V.  Sturey,  1141 
V.  Wehrman,  1331 
V.  Whiten,  45a 
V.  Young,  67  Neb.  668;  1367 
V.  Young,  107  S.  W.  127;  854 
Chicago,  R.  I.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Long,  482, 
485a 
V.  Porterfield,  677 
Chicago,  S.  F.  &  C.  Ry.  v.  McGrew, 
1140,  1164,  1166,  1169,  1172a 
V.  Miller,  1152a 
».  Vivian,  1140 
V.  Ward,  1154,  1171 
Chicago,  S.  P.  M.  &  O.  Ry.  v.  Lager- 

krans,  683 
Chicago  Sanitary  District  v.  Loughran. 
1138,  1162 
V.  McGuirl,  1168 
Chicago,  St.  L.  &  N.  O.  R.  R.  i.  Abels, 
851 
V.  Jarrett,  1331 
V.  Rottgering,  253,   1138a,   1149, 

1154,  11716 
V.  Scurr,  368,  387,  388 
V.  Sullivan,  685j 
Chicago,  St.  L.  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Barnes, 
319,  1334 
V.  Butler,  171a 
V.  Holbridge,  1342 
V.  Wolcott,  842 
Chicago,  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Chicago,  6856 

V.  Core,  367,  380 
Chicago  Terminal  Transfer  R.   R.   v. 
Bugbee,  11656 
V.  Helberg,  1367 
Chicago   Training  School  v.   Davies, 

6656 
Chicago  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Berkes,  1350 
V.  Brethauer,  181,  486a,  1342 
V.  Brody,  1365 
V.  Ertrachter,  123 
V.  Lauth,  1381 
V.  Lowenrosen,  1363 
V.  May,  1354 
V.  Scanlon,  1361 
Chicago  Union  Nat.  Bank  v.  Cross, 

565c 
Chicago  Veneer  Co.  v.  Jones,  1369 


are  to  sectioils] 

Chicago  W.  D.  Ry.  v.  Klauber,  1269 

i).  Lambert,  180 
Chicago  Wire  Chair  Co.  v.  Kennedy  & 

Wright  Co.,  1710 
Chidester    v.    CensoUdated    People's 

Ditch  Co.,  113 
Child   V.    Boston   &   Fairhaven   Iron 
Works,  856,  1241 

V.  Devereux,  340 

V.  Eureka  Powder  WoJks,  793 

V.  Homer,  449 
Childers  v.  San  Jose  M.  P.  &  P.  Co., 

364,  377 
Childress  v.  Southwest  Missouri  R.  R., 

5716 
Childs  V.  Childs,  1335 

V.  Lyons,  685? 

V.  New  Haven,  &  N.  Co.,  1130, 
1148 

V.  New  York  O.  &  W.  R,y.,  872 

V.  Newport,  1109 

V.  Shower,  917 
Chiles  V.  Belleville  Nail  Mill  Co.,  665 

V.  Craig,  664a 

V.  Drake,  347,  386,  684 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  357 
Chillimer  v.  Chillimer,  676c 
Chilson  V.  Downer,  803 
Chilton  V.  Union  Pac.  Ry.,  677,  678 

V.  Whiffin,  700 
Chinery  v.  Viall,  80 
Chinn  v.  Wagoner,  972 
Chinnock  v.  Marchioness  of  Ely,  12566 
Chipley  v.  Atkinson,  470a 
Chipman  v.  Hibberd,  603,  933 

V.  Union  Pac.  R.  R.,  1356 
Chippewa  Lumber'  Co.  v.  Phoenix  Ins. 

Co.,  722 
Chirac  v.  Reinicker,  911 
Chisholm  v.  Arrington,  271 

V.   Preferred   Bankers'   L.   Assur. 
'     Co.,  667 
Chishohn  &  M.   Mfg.  Co.  v.  V.  S. 

Canopy  Co.,  742a 
Chisolm  V.  Neyle,  311 
Chisom  V.  School  District,  1277 
Chitty  V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  1354 
Chlanda  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  1360 
Choate  v.  Arrington,  692c,  692j 

K.  Thorndike,  692j 


2820 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Chobanian  ».  Washburn  Wire  Co.,  1357 
Choctaw,  O.  &  G.  R.  R.  v.  Alexander, 
178,  927 

V.  Baskins,  1367 
Choctaw,  O.  &  F.  R.  R.  v.  Burgess,  226/ 
Choctaw,  O.  &  G.  R.  R.  v.  Hill,  862, 

865 
Chouteau  v.  St.  Louis,  1140 
Christ  Church  Hospital  ti.  Fuechsel,  273 
Christian  v.  Lord  Kennedy,  355 
Christian  County  v.  Merrigan,  Q73d 

V.  Oveholt,  655a 
Christie  v.  Buckeye  Ins.  Co.,  712 

V.  Fane  S.  S.  Co.,  593 
Christopher  ».  Austin,  999c 
Christophulos  Cafe  Co.  v.  Phillips,  1257 
Christy  v.  Ogle,  976,  982,  1053 
Chrysler  v.  Renois,  271 
Chrystal  v.  Leval,  777 
Chubb  V.  Gsell,  445 
Chuck  V.  Quan  Wo  Chong,  1274 
Chumasero  v.  Gilbert,  324a 
Churan  v.  Sebasta,  637a,  639 
Church  V.  Baker,  685fc 

V.  Bedient,  711 

V.  Kidd,  308a 

V.  Milwaukee,  1148 

V.  Wilkeson  Tripp  Co.,  610 
Church  of  Holy  Apostles  v.  New  York 

Elevated  Railroad,  1191 
Churchill  v.  Beethe,  1109 

V.  Hunt,  792,  795 

V.  Burlington  Water  Co.,  948 

V.  Moore,  785 

V.  Welsh,  54 
Cicero  &  P.  St.  R.  R.  v.  Boyd,  1367 
Cilley  I'.  Hawkins,  185,  984 
Cimarron  Land  Co.  v.  Barton,  410 
Cincinnati  v.  Evans,  189,  932 

V.  Roth,  1112a 

V.  Whetstone,  331o 
Cincinnati  &  C.  Ry.  v.    Lutes,   608, 

614 
Cincinnati  &  Chicago  A.  L.  R.  R.  v. 
Marcus,  873 

V.  Rodgers,  212 
Cincinnati  &  H.  &  D.  R.  R.  v.  Chester, 

85c 
Cincinnati  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Carthage,  618 

V.  Longworth,  253,  1148,  1171a 


Cincinnati,  C.  C.  &  S.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Mc- 

Kelvy,  935a 
Cincinnati,  H.  &  D.  R.  R.  v.  Cole,  222, 
865,  1328 
V.  Troy,  1172a 
Cincinnati,  H.  &  I.  R.  R.  v.  Eaton,  42, 
150,  868,  869 
V.  Hildreth,  1177 
Cincinnati,  I.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Baker,  186 
Cincinnati,  I.,  St.  L.  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Lutes, 
613 
V.  Pfitzer,  1117 
Cincinnati  N.  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Cooke,  1365 
Cincinnati,  N.  O.  &  T.  P.  R.  R.  v. 
Carson,  1342 
V.  Crabtree,  1271a 
0.  Falconer,  935a 
V.  Fortner,  482 
V.  Halcomb,  1270a 
V.  Hansford,  844 
V.  Harris,  1342 
V.  Logan,  846 
V.  Raine,  126o,  873a 
V.  Richardson,  1364 
V.  Rose,  212,  862 
V.  Silvers,  1270 
V.  Strosnider,  365,  1342 
V.  Troxell,  4866 
Cincinnati  N.  T.  Co.  v.  Rosnagle,  865 
Cincinnati  O.  &  S.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Webb, 

873 
Cincinnati  R.  &  M.  R.  R.  ».  Miller, 

924o,  1117 
Cincinnati  S.  L.  Co.  v.  Western  S.  L. 

Co.,  1936,  633,  1246a 
Cincinnati,  St.  L.  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Pfitzer, 

1148 
Cinciimati  St.  Ry.  v.  Altemeier,  573a, 

580o,  584 
Cincinnati,  U.  &  F.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Pearce, 

959 
Citizens'  Bank  i;.  Baltz,  301 

V.  Jeansonne,  983 
Citizens'  C.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Stanley,  81 
Citizens'  Elec.  Light  &  P.  Co.  v.  Gon- 
zales Water  Power  Co.,  646 
Citizens'  G.  &  O.  M.  Co.  v.  Whipple, 

67 
Citizens'  Nat.  Bank  v.  Brown,  302a 
Citizens'  Ry.  v.  Branham,  44 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2821 


Citizens'  Ry.  v.  Griffin,  1347 

V.  Washington,  580 
Citizens'  R.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Johns,  226/, 

1365 
Citizens'  R.  T.  Co.  v.  Dew,  1298 
Citizens'  State  Bank  v.  Morse,  689a 

V.  Pettit,  793a 
Citizen's  St.  R.  R.  v.  Hobbs,  227 

V.  Lowe,  1367 

V.  Robbins,  516a 

V.  Steen,  360,  368,  380 

V.  Twiname,  486a 

V.  Willoeby,  365 
Citizens'  T.  &  G.  Co.  v.  Ohio  Valley 

Tie  Co.,  6856 
Citizens'  Telephone  Co.  v.  Wakefield, 

1354 
City  &  Suburban  Rj'.  v.  Basshor,  655/ 

V.  Brauss,  1331,  1342 

V.  Findley,  47 

V.  St.  Mary  WooMoth,  1085 
City  Council  of  Montgomery  v.  Town- 
send,  1123o 
City  Electric  R.  R.  v.  Shropshire,  384 
City  F.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Corlies,  723o 
City  Nat.  Bank  v.  Jeffries,  380,  3836, 

683 
City  of  Alexandria,  The,  595 
City  of  Chester,  The,  592 
City  of  Glasgow  U.  Ry.  v.  Hunter,  1098 
City  of  Macon,  589 
City  of  New  York,  The,  589,  596 
City  of  Norwalk,  The,  599 
City  Ry.  v.  Adams,  221a 
Civilta,  The,  v.  Peny,  588 
Claflin  V.  Case,  980a 
Clagett  V.  Easterday,  1018 

V.  Hall,  341 

V.  Richards,  680,  689o 
Clancey  ».  Robertson,  669 

V.  Kenworthy,  692i 
Clapp  V.  Boston,  1154o 

V.  Herdman,  979 

V.  Hudson  River  R.  R.,  1328, 1330, 
1348,  1368 

V.  Noble,  999e 

V.  Thomas,  565c 

V.  Vatcher,  1256fe 

V.  Waters,  537 
Clare  v.  Maynard,  6  A.  &  E.  519;  761 


Clare  v.  Maynard,  7  C.  &  P.  741;  761, 

762,  772 
Clarence,  The,  196,  593 
Clarendon  Land,  etc.,  Co.  v.  McClel- 
land, 317 
Claridge  v.  South  S.  T.  Co.,  76 
Clarion  T.  &  B.  Co.  v.  Clarion  County, 

1173 
Clark  V.  Bailey,  742 

V.  Baird,  1208,  1295 

V.  Bales,  360,  373,  1279 

V.  Barloe,  307,  999a 

V.  Barnard,  416a,  6796 

V.  Bates,  55 

V.  Bell,  78 

V.  Binney,  447 

V.  Boardman,  1265 

V.  Boyreau,  912 

I).  Britton,  418 

V.  Brown,  451 

V.  Bush,  678,  679 

V.  Busse,  655c 

V.  Carrington,  802,  805 

V.  Clark,  311 

V.  Clement,  80a 

V.  Colfax  County,  3406 

V.  Dales,  313o,  734 

V.  Dearborn,  79 

V.  Deering,  762 

V.  Dodge  Healey,  The,  599c 

V.  Dutton,  301 

V.  Elizabeth,  1112a 

V.  ElUthorpe,  1293 

V.  Fairchild,  655/ 

V.  Fisher,  54  Kan.  403;  976 

V.  Fisher,  1  Paige,  171;  1290 

V.  Fitch,  475 

V.  Foster,  837 

V.  Fox,  1327 

V.  Franklin,  655c 

V.  Gilbert,  655c,  672 

V.  Gray,  126d,  109 

V.  Hallock,  214,  665a 

V.  Hampstead,  1160 

V.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  R.  R.,  1108 

V.  Hardgrove,  975 

V.  Hart,  107d 

V.  Hershy,  304 

V.  Hodges,  638 

V.  Holdridge,  503,  934 


2822 

Clark 

V. 
V. 

V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 

V. 
V. 
V. 

V. 
V. 

V. 
V. 
V. 

V, 
V. 
V. 
V, 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 

V, 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V, 
V. 
V. 
V. 
V. 


TABLE  OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  eections] 


V.  Huber,  75 

Iowa  City,  346 

Johnson  County  Telephone  Co., 

1349 

Jones,  1  Denio,  516;  636^ 

Jones,  16  Lea,  351;  834 

Kay,  420 

Koemer,  646a 

Lamoreux,  79,  82 

Manchester,  51  N.  H.  594;  665 

Manchester,  64  N.  H.  471;  47, 

5706,  1307 

Marsiglia,  202,  206,  636c,  758 

MiUer,  4  Wend.  628;  814 

Miller,  54  N.  Y.  528;  218,  316, 

645,  562 

Miller,  47  Barb.  38;  543 

Moody,  305 

Moore,  157,  159,  734 

Mumford,  238,  982 

National  Benefit  &  Casualty  Co., 

8345 

Neufville,  762 

Nevada  L.  &  M.  Co.,  270 

New  England  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  725 

New  York,  655b 

Newsam,  382 

North  American  Co.,  453 

Parr,  959,  966,  981 

Peckham,  35 

Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  101,  941 

Pinney,  2796,  279c,  744 

Reese,  637a,  641 

Rdbertson,  983 

Russell,  1  Colo.  52;  325 

Russell,  110  Mass.  133;  226e,  647 

St.  L.  &  S.  Ry.,  1355 

San  Francisco  &  S.  J.  V.  Ry., 

1258 

Saybrook,  1154a 

School  Board,  1096 

Sheldon,  311a 

Smith,  550 

Spense,  1288 

State,  1272 

Sullivan,  1531 

Terry,  6736 

Tilton,  464 

Tulare  L.  D.  Co.,  575 

United  M.  &  F.  Co.,  714 


Clark  V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  1175 

V.  Warden,  310a 

V.  Westrope,  6126 

V.  Whitaker,  317 

V.  Wildridge,  1041 

V.  Wilkinson,  678 

V.  Wooster,  1220 

V.  Worcester,  1147,  1168 

V.  Yocum,  1007 

V.  Zeigler,  970 
Clark,  In  re,  3116 
Clark,  The,  592 
Clark  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co., 

882 
Clark  Mile-End  Spool  Cotton  Co.  v. 

Shaffery,  4866 
Clarke  v.  Birmingham  and  Pittsburgh 
Bridge  Co.,  1112 

V.  Holford,  990a 

V.  Janesville,  346 

V.  Locke,  1012 

V.  Murray,  993 

.,.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R., 
926 

V.  Philadelphia  &  R.  C.  &  I.  Co., 
1350 

V.  Scott,  106 

V.  Sexton,  678 

V.  West,  692i 

V.  Westcott,  1352 
Clarke  and  Wandsworth  Local  Board, 

In  re,  1086 
Clark's  Cove  Guano  Co.  v.  Appling, 

1042 
Clarkson  v.  Skidmore,  988 
Clarry  v.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  862 
Clary  v.  RoUand,  689 
Clason  V.  Baldwin,  913,  914 
Claudius  v.  West  End  H.  A.  Co.,  607 
Clay  V.  Central  R.  &  B.  Co.,  5716 

V.  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Ry.,  1362 

V.  Drake,  324a 

V.  Hart,  692j 

V.  Huston,  276 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  888 
Clay  Center  v.  Williamson,  685i 
Clay  County  v.  Chickasaw  County,  337 
Claycomb  v.  Munger,  980a 
Clayton  v.  Blake,  657 


TABLE 

{References 

Clayton  v.   Franco-Texan  Land  Co., 
793o 

V.  Keeler,  372 

V.  O'Connor,  440 
Cleary  v.  City  R.  R.,  578,  573a,  575 

V.  Sohier,  655c 
Cleaver  v.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  371 
Clegg  V.  Dearden,  92,  949 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1347 

V.  New  York  Newspaper  Union, 
313 
Cleghom  v.  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

368,  378,  379 
Clem  V.  German  Ins.  Co.,  726 

V.  Holmes,  473,  475 
Clemens  v.  Dryden,  343 

V.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  R.  R.,  116 
Clement  v.  Britisb-Amefica  Assur.  Co., 
722,  725 

V.  Cash,  413 

V.  Courtright,  684o 

V.  Duffy,  690 

V.  Little,  317,  567 

V.  McConnell,  310 

V.  Mihier,  945 

V.  Spear,  317,  319 

V.  State  Reform  Sehool,  662 

V.  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co., 
876 
Clement  &  H.  M.  Co.  v.  Meserole, 

735c,  854 
Clement  Talbot,  Ltd.,  v.  Wilson,  1232o 
Clements  v.  Beatty,  734,  1007,  1016 

V.  Burlington,  etc.,  R.  R.,  844 

V.  Eisely,  493a 

V.  Maloney,  445 

V.  Philadelphia  Co.,  1142 

V.  Schuylldll  R.  E.  S.  R.  R.,  419 

V.  State,  753 
Clemmitt  v.  New  York  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
Clemons  v.  Gray's  H.  &  P.  S.  Ry.,  419 

V.  Seba,  639 
Clendaniel  v.  Tuckerman,  857 
Clendinen  v.  Black,  672 
Cleveland  v.  Bryant,  999/ 

«'.  Citizens'  Gaslight  Co.,  43/ 

V.  South  C.  &  C.  S.  Ry.,  368 

V.  Union  Ins.  Co.,  718 
Cleveland  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Ball,  1131, 
1293,  1295 


OF  CASES  2823 

are  to  sections] 

Cleveland  &  P.  R,  R.  v.  Rowan,  573 

V.  Sutherland,  485a 
Cleveland  C.  &  C.  Co.  v.  American  C. 

I.  P.  Co.,  419 
Cleveland,  C.  C.  &  S.  L.  R.  R.  v. 
Drumm,  579 

V.  Poland,  1356 

V.  Fuller,  1326 

V.  Hadley,  1326,  1355 

V.  Keenan,  574 

V.  Lynn,  1356 

V.  Miles,  575 

V.  Mitchell,  999 

V.  Patton,  852 

V.  Sehaefer,  862 

V.  Wood,  999 
Cleveland-Canton  Springs  Co.  w.Golds- 

boro  Buggy  Co.,  752 
Cleveland,  H.  V.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Shannon, 

1354 
Cleveland,  P.  &  S.  W.  Co.  v.  Con- 
sumers' Carbon  Co.,  165 
Cleveland   School   Dist.   v.   Northern 

Ry.,  933 
Clevenger  v.  Dunaway,  373a,  990o 
Clews  V.  Jamieson,  1298 
y   Click  V.  Green,  959,  981 
Clifford  V.  Dam,  180 

0.  Kimball,  692 

V.  Leroux,  170 

V.  Richardson,  226d,  618,  646,  6465 
Clifton  V.  Charles,  1011 

V.  Hooper,  103,  647 

V.  Kansas  City  So.  Ry.,  1349 

V.  Newsom,  755 
Cline  V.  Crescent  City  Ry.,  1367    ■ 
Clinical  Instruction  Co.  v.  New  York 

Elevated  Railroad,  1203 
Clinton  v.  Franklin,  363 

V.  Laning,  1249,  1256 

ti.  Mercer,  106,  610 
Clinton  Wire  Cloth  Co.  v.  Gardner, 

999c 
Clio  Gin  Co.  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  882 
Cliquot's  Champagne,  1299 
Clissold  V.  Machell,  360,  372,  382,  1279 
Clore  V.  Robinson,  755 
Close  V.  Crossland,  774 

V.  Fields,  295,  305,  6226 

<).  Samm,  924 


2824 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


Closson  V.  Staples,  459 
Clothier  v.  Webster,  1089 
Cloud  V.  Smith,  310 
Clough  V.  Patrick,  1050 

V.  Unity,  331a 
Clouser  v.  Clapper,  480 
Clover,  The,  587 
Clow  V.  Brogden,  999ft 
Clowes  V.  Hawley,  260 

V.  Staffordshire  Potteries  W.  Co., 
1089 
Clowser  v.  Joplin  Mining  Co.,  936 
Clukey  v.  Seattle  El.  Co.,  1270a 
Clune  V.  Ristine,  67a 
Clunnes  v.  Pezzey,  1300 
Clyde,  The,  30,  592 
Clyde  Coal  Co.  v.  Pittsburgh  &  L.  E. 

R.  R.,  156,  843a 
Clydebank  E.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Castaneda, 

620a,  6206 
Coal  B.  E.  Ry.  v.  Young,  1345 
Coal  Creek  Co.  v.  Tennessee  C.  I.  &  R. 

Co.,  999a 
Coal  Creek  M.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Moses,  503, 

935 
Coan  V.  Brownstown,  318 
Coast  Wrecking  Co.   v.  Phoenix  Ins. 

Co.,  599c 
Coates  V.  Burlington,  C.  R.  &  N.  Ry., 
572,  1306 

V.  Cheever,  921 

V.  Coates,  685j 
Coatsworth  v.  Lehigh  Valley  Ry.,  1149 
Cobb  V.  Boston,  1151,  1162,  1169 

V.  Great  Western  Ry.,  150 
•  V.  Illinois  C.  R.  R.,  162,  843 

V.  Johnson,  1344 

V.  Klosterman,  979 

V.  People,  370,  680,  1254 

V.  St.  Louis  &  H.  Ry.,  1359 

V.  Smith,  91 

V.  Titus,  801 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  895 

V.  Whitsett,  739 

V.  Wrightsville  &  T.  R.  R.,  924a 
Cobbey  v.  Knapp,  341 
Cobum  V.  Cal.  Cement  Co.,  752a 

V.  Goodall,  312 

V.  Litchfield,  980 

V.  Muskegon  Booming  Co.,  ^12 


,  [References  are  to  sections] 

Cochran  v.  Ammon,  490 

V.  Cochran,  1338 

V.  Jones,  766 

V.  Miller,  368 

V.  Missouri,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1171a 

^.  People's  Ry.,  419 
Cochrane  v.  Com.,  252 

V.  Justice  Min.  Co.,  1256c 

V.  Quackenbush,  126c 

V.  Tuttle,  383b 

V.  Winbum,  531 
Cockbum  v.  Alexander,  421,  858 

V.  Ashland  Lumber  Co.,  246,  739 

V.  Muskoka,  M.  &  L.  Co.,  199 
Cockcroft  V.  N.  Y.  &  H.  R.  R.,  1011, 

1017 
Cockerell  v.  Barber,  267 
Cockrell  v.  Ellison,  191 

V.  Proctor,  966,  973 

V.  Warner,  279b 
Cockrill  V.  Kirkpatrick,  340b 

V.  Mize,  334 
Coddington  v.  Idell,  310a 
Cody  V.  American  Educational  Co.,  250 

V.  Filley,  335 

V.  Raynaud,  673/ 

V.  Turn  Verein,  618 
Coe  V.  Peacock,  98,  549 
Coen  V.  Birchard,  419 
Coffee  V.  Meiggs,  613 
Coffey  V.  National  Bank  of  Missouri, 

492 
Coffey ville  Mining  Co.  v.  Carter,  580 
Coffin  V.  Brown,  364,  377,  384a,  447 

V.  Coffin,  481 

V.   Newburyport    Mar.   Ins.   Co., 
717 

V.  Osceola,  66,  593 

V.  Spencer,  364,  372,  481 

V.  State,  109,  736 

V.  Taylor,  537 

V.  Varila,  462,  1326 
Coffing  V.  Dodge,  818b 
Coffman  v.  Burkhalter,  226c,  226d 

V.  Huck,  959,  960 

V.  Williams,  519,  746 
Cofield  V.  Clark,  746 

V.  E.  A.  Jenkins  Motor  Co.,  633 
Coggeshall  v.  Coggeshall,  89 

V.  Ruggles,  801 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2825 


Cogswell  1).  New  York,  New  Haven  & 
Hartford  R.  R.,  1187 

V.  West  St.  &  N.  E.  E.  Ry.,  1355 
Cogwell's  Heirs  v.  Lyons,  334 
Cohen  v.  Bellenot,  948 

V.  Eureka  &  P.  R.  R.,  41,  180,  226/, 
481,  485 

V.  Marchant,  559a 

t>.  St.  Louis,  F.  S.  &  W.  R.  R.,  331a, 
1176,  1177 

V.  Wittemann,  1258 
Cohn  V.  National  F.  I.  Co.,  723a 

V.  Neeves,  930a 

V.  Norton,  618,  984 
Coker  v.  Brevard,  410 
Coil  V.  Wallace,  639 
Coine  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  865 
Cointement  v.  Cropper,  1330,  1337 
Colbert  ;;.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  1306 
Colbourn  v.  Wilmington,  432a 
Colburn  v.  Chicago,  S.  P.  M.  &  O.  Ry., 
618 

V.  Morrill,  999c 

V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  956 

V.  Phillips,  842 

V.  Woodworth,  665 
Colby  V.  Meservey,  685A,  685j 

V.  Reed,  63,  1028 

V.  Sampson,  554 

V.  Wiscasset,  172a 
Colchester,  Mayor  of,  v.  Brooke,  35 
Colclouth  V.  Nashville,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1110 
Colcord  V.  McDonald,  80a 

V.  Sylvester,  685 
Colcough  V.  Milwaukee,  1109 
Coldren  v.  Miller,  276 
Cole  V.  Buckle,  991 

V.  Cheovenda,  734,  737 

V.  Conolly,  527 

V.  EUwood  Power  Co.,  1166c 

V.  Fall  Brook  Coal  Co.,  1309 

V.  Goodwin,  873 

V.  Gray,  45,  361 

V.  Hoeburg,  1260 

V.  Holliday,  640o,  641 

V.  Kimball,  979 

V.  Parker,  575 

V.  Patterson,  999(i 

V.  Rankin,  844 

V.  Ross,  279c 


Cole  V.  St.  Louis,  1123,  1140 

V.  Seattle  R.  &  S.  Ry.,  226o,  484 

V.  Sprowl,  924 

V.  Stearns,  626 

V.  Swanston,  742,  1059 

V.  Thompson,  937 

V.  Trull,  310a 

V.  Tucker,  373o,  386 

V.  Zucarello,  753 
Colean  Implement  Co.  v.  Strong,  537 
Coleman  v.  Allen,  360,  372 

V.  Ballard,  962 

V.  Clark,  148,  966,  982,  983 

V.  Hudson,  89 

V.  Lucksinger,  969,  973 

V.  New  York  &  N.  H.  R.  R.,  1216 

V.  People,  1249a 

V.  Pepper,  373 

V.  Riggs,  806 

V.  Simpson,  673d 

V.  Southwick,  1326 

V.  Stalnacke,  916 

V.  White,  480 
Coleman's  Appeal,  935 
Colerain  v.  Bell,  6926 
Coles  V.  Kelsey,  334 

V.  Thompson,  86a 
Coley  V.  North  Carolina  R.  R.,  481 
Colgate  V.  Western  Electric  Mfg.  Co., 

1225 
Collamer  v.  Page,  689 
CoUard  v.  Southeastern  Ry.,  136,  146, 

252,  852,  854 
College  V.  Western  Union  Fuel  Co.,  935 
CoUen  V.  Wright,  239a,  836,  837,  838 
ColUer  V.  Cowger,  304,  979 

V.  Early,  1255 

V.  Gamble,  966,  973       / 

V.  Gray,  302a 

V.  Lyons,  317 

V.  PuUiam,  812,  814 

V.  Rutledge,  651,  671 
Collingridge  v.  Royal  Exchange  Assur. 

Corp.,  725 
Collins  V.  A.  Luban  Co.,  163 

V.  Albany  &  S.  R.  R.,  1325,  1330 

V.  Baumgardner,  618 

V.  Bellefonte  Central  R.  R.,  631a 

V.  Blantem,  36 

V.  Cave,  441 


2826 


Table  of  cases 

[References  are  to  sections] 


Collins  V.  Collins,  675c 

V.  Couoejl  Bluffs,  32  la.  324;  228 

V.  Council  Bluffs,  35  la.  432;  388, 
1330 

V.  Crowaover,  1286b 

V.  Delaporte,  753 

V.  Dodge,  180 

V.  Houston,  538 

V.  Huffman^  685A; 

V.  Hutchinson,  565 

V.  Janesville,  1348 

V.  Karatopsky,  123,  992 

V.  Lavelle,  188 

V.  Lowry,  494a,  506a 

V.  Mack,  45,  637,  638,  639 

V.  McClurg,  824a 

V.  Mitchell,  684 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R,,  67a 

V.  Perkins,  60,  1271a 

V.  Price,  612 

V.  Sabatier,  301 

V.  St.  Peters,  98 

V.  Shaw,  1285 

V.  Sinclair,  6856,  685n 

V.  Stephens,  1216 

V.  Thayer,  1054 

V.  Tigner,  762 

V.  Todd,  487a 

V.  Waterbury  Co.,  1357 
Collins  Park  &  B.  R.  R.  v.  Ware,  1306 
Collis  V.  Press.  Pub.  Co.,  448a 
CoUomb  V.  Taylor,  78 
CoUyer  v.  Moulton,  613,  636c 
Colonel  Ledyard,  The,  852 
Colonial  Investment  &  Agency  Co.  v. 

Cobain,  1011 
Colorado,  The,  593,  595 
Colorado  C.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Lamb,  576 
Colorado  C.  L.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Hartman, 

937 
Colorado  Central  C.  M.  Co.  v.  Turck, 

503,  935 
Colorado  Central  R.  R.  v.  Allen,  1156 

V.  Humphreys,  1136 
Colorado  City  v.  Laife,  1330 

V.  Smith,  1354 
Colorado  M.  Ry.  v.  Brown,  1171 

V.  O'Brien,  1356 

V.  Snider,  251 

V.  Trevarthen,  1159 


Colorado  Springs  &  I.  Ry.  v.  Nichols, 

1354 
Colorado  Springs  Electric  Co.  v.  Soper, 

1360 
Colorado    Springs    Livestock    Co.    v. 

Godding,  755 
Colrick  V.  Swinburne,  189,  927,  1195 
Colt  V.  Owens,  90  N.  Y.  368;  512,  815, 
828 
V.  Owens,  47  N.  Y.  Super.  Ct.  430; 
98,  228e 
Colton  V.  Dunham,  273 
V.  Good,  646 
V.  Onderdonk,  33,  932 
Columbia,  The,  593 
Columbia  &  P.  S.  R.  R.  v.  Histogenetic 

Medicine  Co.,  908,  910 
Columbia    Delaware    Bridge    Co.    v. 

Geisse,  1173 
Columbia  Nat.  Bank  v.  Bletz,  333 
Columbia   Sav.    Bk.    v.    Los   Angeles 
County,  334 
V.  Winn,  305 
Columbian  Bldg.  Assoc,  v.  Crump,  3406 
Columbus,  The,  1  Abb.  Adm.  97;  852 
Columbus,  The,  3  W.  Rob.  158;  589 
Columbus  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Bridges,  581 

V.  Floumoy,  136 
Columbus,  H.  V.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Burke,  685 

V.  Gardner,  1165 
Columbus,  P.  &  I.  R.  R.  v.  Simpson, 

1148 
Colusa  Co.  V.  Hudson,  252,  1165,  1178 
Colusa    Parrot    Mining    &    Smelting 

Co.  V.  Monahan,  1306 
Colvill  V.  St  Paul,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1148, 

1165,  1166,  11716 
Colville  V.  Besly,  798 
Colvin  V.  Corwin,  85a,  6S6h 
Colwell  V.  Foulks,  407,  410,  419 

V.  Lawrence,  415 
Combs  V.  Scott,  1012 
V.  Smith,  1140 
V.  Tarlton,  959,  1012a 
Comer  v.  Foley,  1342 
V.  Knowles,  466 
V.  Mackintosh,  565c 
Comerford  v.  The  Melvina,  592,  593 

V.  Morrison,  942 
Comet,  The,  587 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2827 


Comingar  v.  Jjouisville  Trust  Co.,  248a 

Comings  v.  Little,  979 

Commerce,  The,  1326 

Commerce  C.  O.  Co.  v.  Camp,  1367 

Commerce    Exchange    Nat.    Bank   v. 

Blye,  536 
Commercial  Bank  v.  Jones,  317 

V.  Kortwright,  627ffl 

V.  Bed  River  VaUey  Nat.  Bank, 
819 

V.  Ten  Eyck,  547 

V.  Union  Bank,  819 
Commercial  Tel.  Co.  v.  Davis,  1363 
Comminge  v.  Stevenson,  91,  924,  948 
Comrs.  V.  Dunlevy,  1162 

V.  Greenwood,  692b 

V.  Harkelroads,  1139o 

V.  Johnson,  1157 
Commissioners'  Court  v.  Street,  1165 
Comrs.  of  Asheyille  v.  Johnston,  1148 
Comrs.of  Dickinson  Cp.  a.  Hogaji,  1165 
Comrs.  of  Kensingtpii  v.  Wood,  948 
Comrs.  of  Parks  v.  Detroit  C.  G.  T. 
Ry.,  1165 

V.  Michigan  C.  R.  R.,  1165 

V.  Moesta,  1169 
Comrs.  of  Pottawatomie  Qo.  v.  O'Sulli- 

van,  1129,  1148 
Comr.  of  Public  Works  v.  Hills,  620a 
Comr.  of  Public  Works  oi  New  York, 

In  re,  1146 
Comrs.  of  Smith  Co.  v.  Lahore,  1165 
Commissioners  of  Stg,te  Reservation  at 

Niagara,  In  re,  1156 
Commons  v.  Walters,  451 
Commonwealth  v.  Allen,  692 

V.  Bosley,  334 

V.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  335,  1167 

V.  Bracken,  311b 

V.  Bradley,  692i 

V.  Cole,  692a 

V.  Collins,  338 

V.  Comly,  692/ 

V.  Contner,  549 

V.  Coombs,  1147 

V.  Crevor,  303 

V.  Fairfax,  692d 

V.  ffide  &  L.  I.  Co.,  720 

V.  Lightfoot,  545 

f .  Lineberger,  692/ 


Commonwealth  v.  MagnoUa  V.  L.  & 
I.  Co.,  682,  682a 

V.  Massachusetts  Mut,  Ins.  Co., 
311/ 

V.  Middlesex,  1147 

V.  Norfolk,  1147 

V.  Porter,  19 

V.  Ricks,  341 

V.  Sayr^,  692 

V.  Sessions  of  Norfolk,  481 

t).  Vanderslice,  334 
Commonwealth  Electric  Co.  v.  Rooney, 

1359 
Commonwealth  Ins.  Co.  v.  Sennett,  722 
Compania  de  Nav.  La  Fleeha  v.  Brauer, 

596a 
Compressed  A.  M.  Co.  v.  West,  S.  P.  L. 

&  W.  Co.,  635 
Compta,  The,  852 
Compton  V.  Compton,  346 

V.  Heiasenbuttal,  240 

V.  Johnson,  310 

V.  Martin,  76,  78 
Comrade  v.  Atlas  L,  &  S.  Co.,  1347 
Comstock  V.  Clearfield  &  M.  Ry.,  1163 

V.  Connecticut  R.  &  L.  Co.,  486a 

V.  Heir,  256,  492a 

V.  Hutchinson,  762 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.. 
2266 

V.  Smith,  274 

V,  Son,  965 
Conant  v.  Griffin,  584 

V.  Leslie,  446 

V.  Riseborough,  326 

V.  The  Pacific  Ins.  Co.,  76,  428 
Conaway  v.  Shelton,  641 
Concanen  v.  Lethbridge,  555 
Concannon  v.  Tyler,  1326 
Concord  R.  R.  v.  Greely,  331a,  11716 
Concord  U.  M.  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Woodbury, 

725 
Concordia  Cemetery  Ass'n  v.  Miime- 

sota  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  1130,  1138 
Condemnation,   Certain  Land,  In  re, 

1162 
Condict  V.  Grand  Trunk  R.  R.,  119 
Condon  v.  Great  Southern  R.  R.,  575 

V.  Kemper,  413,  419 
Cone  V.  Central  R.  R.,  462,  860 


2828 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Cone  V.  Ivinson,  81,  492a 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  1267 
Confederate  Note  Case,  278 
Confederation  Life  Assoc,  v.  Labatt, 

774 
Confrey  v.  Stark,  1249 
Conger  v.  Weaver,  1010,  1011 
Congregation    of    Children    of    Israel 

V.  Peres,  667,  673/ 
Cong.  Soc.  in  Newport  v.  Walker,  908 
Conheim  v.  Chicago  &  G.  W.  R.  R., 

854 
Conhocton  S.  R.  R.  v.  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

&  E.  R.  R.,  1182,  1208 
Conkey  v.  Hopkins,  795 
Conklin  v.  Central    New    York    Tele- 
phone &  Tel.  Co.,  579 

«.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  R.  R.,  973 

V.  Tice,  1367 
Conkling  v.  Manhattan  Ry.,  926,  1201 
Conley  v.  Maine  Cent.  R.  R.,  1367 
Conlon  V.  McGraw,  93a,  925,  932 
Conn  V.  Perm.,  340c 

u.  Wilson,  639 
Connah  v.  Hale,  55 
Connal  v.  Fisher,  842 
Connecticut  v.  Howarth,  344 

V.  Jackson,  339o,  343 
Connecticut,  The,  587 
Conn.  Mut.  Life  Ins.  Co.  v.  C,  C.  & 

C.  R.  R.,  346 
Connecticut  M.  L.  I.  Co.  v.  New  York 
&  N.  H.  R.  R.,  120 

V.  Schaefer,  729 

V.  Westerhoff,  334 
Conn.  River  R.  R.  v.  Clapp,  1286 
Connell  v.  Boulton,  974 

V.  Harron,  734 

V.  Putnam,  486c 

V.  Stalker,  470a 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894 
Connelly  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a, 

894 
Connemaugh,  The,  588 
Cormer  v.  Bean,  793a 

V.  Clark,  331a 

V.  Cockerill,  1279 

u.  Nevada,  123 

V.  Reeves,  795 

V.  Shepherd,  921 


Conners  v.  Walsh,  366,  384 
Connersville  Wagon  Co.  v.  McFarlan 

Carriage  Co.,  153,  190 
Conness  v.  Com.,  252 
Conniff  v.  San  Francisco,  1116 
Connoble  v.  Clark,  164o 
Connolly  v.  Sullivan,  6556,  655e 
Connor  v.  Hillier,  257 

V.  International  &.  G.  N.  R.  R., 
1143 

V.  Levinson,  1296 

V.  New  York,  1372 

V.  Potts,  1016 

V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  1347 
Connors  v.  Chingren,  1027 
Connoss  v.  Meir,  1275 
ConoUy  V.  Dolan,  808 
Conor  V.  Dempsey,  762 
Conover  v.  Rapp,  1226 
Conqueror,  The,  196,  593 
Conquest  v.  Ebbetts,  999A 
Conrad  v.  Burbank,  310 

V.  Effinger,  956,  959 

V.  Grand  G.  U.  O.  Druids,  959 

u.  New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
1367 

V.  Springfield  Consol.  Ry.,  1354 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Conried  M.  O.  Co.  v.  Brm,  413,  416 
Conroe  v.  Conroe,  451 
Conroy  v.  Flint,  98 
Consaul  v.  Sheldon,  645 
Conservators  v.  London,  T.  &  S.  Ry., 

1080 
Consolidated  Coal  Co.  v.  Haenni,  387 

V.  Maehl,  573 

V.  Schneider,  999 

V.  Shepherd,  1355 

V.  Stein,  574 
ConsoUdated  Home  Ditch  &  R.  R.  v. 

Hamlin,  932,  1164 
Consolidated  Ice  Co.  v.  Pennsylvania 

R.  R.,  1156 
ConsoUdated     Ice     Machine     Co.     v. 

Kiefer,  1367 
Consolidated  Ins.  Co.  v.  Cashow,  728 
Consolidated  Stone  Co.  v.  Morgan,  583 

V.  Staggs,  574a 
Consolidated   Trac.    Co.    v.    Graham, 
1327 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2829 


Consolidated  Trac.  Co.  v.  Hone,  573 

V.  Lambertson,  43t 
Consolidated  T.   L.   Co.   v.   Bronson, 

691a 
Constable  v.  Colden,  340 

V.  Lefever,  671 

V.  National  S.  S.  Co.,  119c 
Constant  v.  Lehman,  1027 
Constantine  v.  Rowland,  684a 
Constitution  Pub.  Co.  v.  Way,  453 
Consumers'  Ice  Co.  v.  Jennings,  194 
Consumers'  Pure  Ice  Co.  v.  Jenkins, 

646 
Contee  v.  Findley,  336 
Continental,  The,  587 
Continental  Divide  M.  I.  Co.  v.  Bliley, 

4926,  520 
Continental  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Houser,  73r 
Converse  v.  Burrows,  762 

V.  Prettyman,  771 

V.  U.  S.,  673e 
Convis  V.  Citizens'  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  725 
Conway  v.  Mitchell,  614,  1046 

V.  Nicol,  480       "■• 
Conwell  V.  Claypool,  3016 
Conwisher  v.  Johnson,  377 
Conyers  v.  Magrath,  310,  312 
Cooch  V.  Geery,  910 
Coody  V.  Gress  Lumber  Co.,  933 
Cook  V.  American  E.  C.  &  S.  G.  Co., 
1367 

V.  Beal,  19,  1368 

V.  Boone  S.  E.  R.  R.,  1154 

V.  Brandies,  753 

V.  Brockway,  1293 

V.  Champlain  Tr.  Co.,  71,  950 

V.  Chapman,  685/,  685re 

V.  Chehalis    River    Lumber    Co., 
1355 

V.  Clark,  21  Ky.  L.  Rep.  316;  302a 

V.  Clark,  4  E.  D.  Smith,  213;  704 

V.  Clary,  537 

V.  Clay  St.  H.  R.  R.,  573a 

V.  Cockrill,  704 

V.  Courtright,  345 

V.  Curtis,  961,  964,  965 

V.  Ellis,  352,  372,  386,  489 

V.  Finch,  415 

V.  Fowler,  290,  325 

V.  Garza,  363o,  373,  1334 


Cook  V.  Greenough,  685ra 

V.  Gross,  540 

V.  Hamilton  County,  613 

V.  Hartle,  55,  4946 

V.  Illinois  Trust  &  Savings  Bank, 
346 

V.  Jennings,  841 

V.  Loomis,  55,  493 

V.  McCabe,  655c 

V.  Marsh,  688a 

V.  Merrifield,  795 

V.  Moseley,  1073 

V.  Nicholas,  905 

V.  Perry,  316 

V.  Redman,  866 

V.  Sanders,  61 

V.  Sanitary  Dist.  of  Chicago,  1166, 
1169 

V.  Soule,  209,  991,  992 

V.  South  Park  Com'rs,  336,  1138 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  363 

t).  State,  692e 

V.  Tousey,  678 

V.  Zucarello,  753 
Cook  County  v.  Harms,  1299 

V.  Sexton,  642 
Cook  L.  C.  &  P.  Co.  V.  Oconto  Co., 

934o 
Cooke  V.  Davis,  270 

V.  England,  90 

V.  Farinholt,  307 

V.  Independent  T.  &  T.  C.  Co.,  671 

V.  Meeker,  301c 

V.  O'Brien,  452 

V.  Preble,  1046,  1060,  1067 

V.  Whorwood,  636g 

V.  Wise,  307,  999a 
Cooley  V.  R.  R.,  863 
CooUdge  V.  Brigham,  775 

V.  Burnes,  1041 

V.  Choate,  244,  265,  432a 

V.  Neat,  45,  638,  638o,  6386 

V.  New  York,  1367 
Coombe  v.  Sansom,  262 
Coombs  V.  King,  47 
Coon  V.  Moffitt,  473 
Coonan  v.  Cape  Girardeau,  416a 
Cooney  v.  Chase,  458 

V.  Pullman  P.  C.  Co.,  873a 
Coons  V.  People,  692d 


2830  TABLE 

[References 

Cooper  V.  Cedar  Rapids,  1110 

V.  Coates,  308 

V.  Dallas,  2261 

V.  Hames,  685^,  685^ 

V.  Hopkins,  43i,  484 

t,.  Kipp,  1032 

V.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  575, 
580,  582 

V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  12056 

V.  Mullins,  41,  47 

V.  New  York,  L.  &  W.  Ry.,  924o, 
932 

V.  New  York  O.  &  W.  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Newman,  565 

V.  Page,  789 

V.  Randall,  74,  924 

V.  Hatliff,  535 

V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1354,  1362 

V.  Soyoc,  467 

V.  Sillers,  91 

V.  Singleton,  973 

V.  Townsend,  302a 

V.  Young,  152,  842,  856 
Coopers  v.  Wolf,  98,  549 
Coorman  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 

1342 
Coos  Bay  R.  &  E.  R.  &  N.  Co.  v. 

Nosier,  170,  6476 
Coosaw  Min.  Co.  v.  Carolina  Mfg.  Co., 

184,  6856 
Copeland  v.  Copeland,  968,  974 

V.  Cunningham,  237 

V.  Hamilton,  762 

V.  McAdory,  959,  970,  980,  980a, 
1041 

V.  New  England  M.  I.  Co.,  718 
Copelin  V.  Phcenix  Ins.  Co.,  711 
Copper  Co.  v.  Coppier  Mining  Co.,  519 
Coppin  V.  Braithwaite,  4Sa,  47,  865 
Coppins  V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

1355 
Coppoia  V.  Kraushaar,  106 
Coquard  v.  Prendei'gast,  334 
Corbett  v.  Andetson,  614 

V.  Brown,  441 

V.  Oregon  Short  Line  R.  R.,  573o, 
575 

V  Wrenn,  968,  979 
Corbin  0.  &  G.  Co.  v.  Mull,  618 
Corbley  v.  Wilson,  447 


OF   CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Corcoran  v.  Benicia,  1116 

V.  Doll,  334 

V.  Harran,  386,  487a 

V.  Judson,  237 

V.  Ulster  &  D.  R.  R.,  1347 
Cordell  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c 
Corder  v.  Martiil,  685to 
Cordiner  v.  Los  Angeles  Tr.  Co.,  172 
Cordrey  v.  Washington  Stevedore  Co., 

1355 
Corey  v.  Buffalo,  C.  &  N.  Y.  R.  R., 
1182 

V.  Eastman,  674 
Corgan  v.  Frew,  334 
Corkings  v.  Meier,  382 
Corliss  V.  Worcester,  N.  &  R.  R.  R., 

5706 
Cormier  v.  Bourque,  126a 
Corn  Exchange  Bank  v.  American  D. 
&  T.  Co.,  703 

V.  Nassau  Bank,  304 

V.  Peabody,  512 
Corn  Products  Refining  Co.  v.  King, 

1356 
Cornelissens  v.  DriscoU,  987 
Cornell  v.  Jackson,  970,  975,  976,  977, 
1027 

V.  Payne,  468 
Cornell,  In  re,  814 

Cornell-Andfews  S.  Co.  «.  Boston  & 
P.  R.  R.,  209  Mass.  298;  11546 

V.  Boston  &  P,  R.  R.,  202  Mass. 
585;  1169 
Comely  v.  Marckwald,  1215, 1220, 1222 
Corner  v.  Mackintosh,  86a 

».  Shew,  1277 
Cornes  v.  Harris,  946 
Comfofth  ».  Maguire,  565 
Coming  v.  Corning,  487a,  488,  1259 

V.  Lowerre,  1184,  1194 

V.  Woodin,  934 
Cornish  v.  New  Jersey  S.  Ry.,  67a 
Cornwall  v.  Qould,  797 
Corporation  of  Hythe  v.  East,  12566 
Corridan  v.  Wilkinson,  447 
Corrigan  v.  Chicago,  1157 

V.  Foster,  692c 

V.  Trenton  D.  F.  Co.,  345 
Corrister  v.  ^ansas  City,  S.  J.  &  C.  B. 
Ry.,  150 ' 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2831 


Corsair,  The,  570,  5706 

Corsair  M.  Co.  v.  Carolina  M.  Co., 

6856 
Corse  V.  Minnesota  Grain  Co.,  306 
Corson  V.  Neatheny,  294 
Cort  V.  Ambergate,  N.  &  B.  &  E.  J. 

Ry.,  636a,  758 
Cortelyou  v.  Lansing,  509,  744 
Corwin  v.  Wallace,  667 

V.  Walton,  386 
Cory  V.  Boylston  Ins.  Co.,  714 

V.  Silcox,  73,  101 

e.  Thames  I.   W.   &  S.   B.   Co., 
146,  147,  160,  183,  190,  740 
Coryell  v.  Colbaugh,  351,  637,  637a 
Cosand  v.  Bunker,  256 
Cosgriff  V.  Miller,  360,  363,  364,  366, 

385,  386,  927 
Cosselmon  v.  Dunfee,  1356 
Costello  V.  Burke,  1154a 
Costio  V.  Rochester,  3806 
Costigan  v.  Mohawk  &  H.  R.  R.,  206, 

207,  227,  667,  858,  1024,  1034 
Cota  V.  Mishow,  1064 
Cotes  V.  Davenport,  926 
Cotheal  v.  Talmage,  413 
Cothers  v.  Keever,  762 
Cothran  v.  Ellis,  824 

V.  Hanoves  Nat.  Bank,  256 
Cotter  V.  Plumer,  933,  934» 
Cotterill  v.  Hobby,  100 
Cottier  v.  Stimson,  1222 
Cotton  V.  Reed,  60 

V.  United  States,  647c 

V.  Wallace,  12866 
Cotton  Press  Co.  v.  Bradley,  368,  573a 
Cottone  V.  Murray's,  666 
Cottrell  V.  Russell,  435 
Cotts  V.  Wheeling  &  E.  G.  R.  R.,  1149a 
CotuUa  V.  Kerr,  444 
Couch  V.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.,  377a 

».  Eastham,  301c 
Coughlan  v.  Phila.  B.  &  W.  R.  R.,  579 
Coughlin  V.  McElroy,  303 
Coulson  V.  Panhandle  Nat.  Bank,  494a, 

565a 
Coulter  V.  Merchants'  Union  Ex.,  43h 

V.  Norton,  988,  98Sa 

V.  Pine  Twp.,  67a 
Coulter's  Case,  1034,  1044 


Council  V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  252 
Countess  of  Rutland's  Case,  55 
Countryman  v.  Fonda,  572 
County  V.  Brock,  1143o 

V.  Leidy,  1288 
County  Board  of  Education  v.  Bate- 
man,  692a 
County  of  Blue  Earth  «.  St.  Paul  & 

S.  C.  R.  R.,  1151 
Coupe  V.  Royer,  1215 

V.  Weatherhead,  1231 
Coupland  v.  Housatonic  R.  R.,  851 
Courcier  v.  Ritter,  811 
Courier  Journal  Co.  v.  Millen,  607 

V.  Sallee,  363,  377 
Course  v.  Stead,  1285 
Courtney  v.  Boswell,  760 

V.  Kneib,  361 
Courtoy  v.  Dozier,  43 
Cousins  0.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry., 

486 
Coutant  V.  Catlin,  1154a 
Covenant  M.  B.  Assoc,  v.  HoSman,  732 
Coventry  v.  Barton,  834 
Covert  V.  Gray,  91 

V.  Sargent,  38  Fed.  237;  1228 

V.  Sargent,  42  Fed.  298;  1229 

V.  Valentine,  941 
Covey  V.  Campbell,  1303 
Covington  v.  BoUwinkle,  1363 

V.  Diehl,  1364 

V.  Taffee,  1123,  1138a 
Covington  &  C.  B.  Co.  v.  Goodnight, 

1364 
Covington  &  C.  E.  R.  R.  v.  Kleymeier, 

95,  1165 
Covington  St.  R.  R.  v.  Packer,  573o, 

575 
Covington  S.  R.  T.  Ry.  v.  Piel,  1169 
Covode  V.  Principal,  645 
Cowan  V.  Donaldson,  336 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894 
Coward  v.  East  Tennessee,  V.  &  G. 

R.  R.,  873 
Cowart  V.  Walter  Connally  Co.,  417 
Cowden  v.  Finney,  665 

V.  Lockridge,  234,  235a 
Cowdrey  v.  Carpenter,  416 

V.  Coit,  979 

V.  Greenlee,  1023 


2832 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Cowdrey  v.  Woburn,  1179a 

Cowell  V.  Edwards,  8076 

Cowen  V.  Winters,  366 

Cower  V.  Lehman,  311o 

Coweta  Falls  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Rogers,  183, 

6466 
Cowing  V.  Cowing,  478,  479 

V.  Howard,  303 

V.  Rumsey,  1228 
Cowles  V.  Marble,  3406 
Cowley  V.  Davidson,  10  Minn.  392;  98 

V.  Davidson,   13  Minn.  92;  317, 
842 
Cowper    Essex    v.    Local    Board    for 

Action  Anony.,  1102 
Cox  V.  Birmingham  Ry.  L.  &  P.  Co., 
388 

V.  Charleston  Fire  &  Mar.  Ins.  Co., 
717 

V.  Crumley,   360,   364,   365,    367, 
368,  373 

V.  Estell,  660 

V.  Gerkin,  777 

V.  Henry,  959,  -964,  979,  981,  982, 
1014 

V.  McLaughlin,  54  Cal.  605;  655o 

V.  McLaughlin,  76  Cal.   60;  312, 
314 

V.  Marlatt,  324a 

V.  Phila.,  H.  &  P.  R.  R.,  252,  1142 

V.  Sargent,  689 

V.  Smith,  93  Ark.  371;  1020 

V.  Smith,  1  Nev.  161;  330 

V.  Sprigg,  106 

V.  Strode,  959,  966,  982 

V.  Sullivan,  831 

V.  Vanderkleed,  47,  482,  483 

V.  Wilmington  City  Ry.,  578 
Coxe  V.  England,  933,  934 

V.  State,  338 
Coxe   Bros.   &   Co.   v.  Anoka  Water 

Works,  734 
Coxhead  v.  Johnson,  1348 
Coy  V.  Indianapolis  Gas  Co.,  143,  164 
Coyle  V.  Baum,  765 

V.  Peoples'    Ry.,    482,    483,    484, 
485 
Crabbs  v.  Koontz,  183,  691a 
Crabtree  v.  Clapham,  83,  537 

V.  Hagenbaugh,  85,  636^ 


Crabtree  v.  Kile,  760 

V.  Messersmith,  636(i 

i).  Missouri  Pac.  R.  R.,  580 

V.  Randall,  303 
Crabtree  C.  Min.  Co.  v.  Hamby,  948 
Craddock  v.  Goodwin,  467 
Crafts  V.  Wilkinson,  334 
Craig  V.  Catlet,  449 

V.  Chambers,  101 

V.  Cook,  366,  373,  1330 

D.  Craig,  804 

V.  Dillon,  416 

V.  Dumars,  315 

V.  Durrett,  664a 

V.  McHenry,  80 

V.  Penrick,  3406 

V.  Rochester   City   &   B.   R.   R., 
1183,  1184 
Crain  v.  Beach,  87,  636A 

V.  Petrie,  113,  127o 

V.  Yates,  266 
Craker  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  43i, 

47,  357,  379,  380,  1342 
Cram  v.  Bailey,  81 

V.  Dresser,  1042,  1047,  1058 

V.  Laconia,  1117 
Cramer  v.  Barmon,  458 

V.  Danielson,  1252 

V.  Eagle  M.  Co.,  70^ 

V.  Lepper,  345 

V.  Marsh,  497d 

V.  Metz,  613,  614 
Crandall  v.  Quin,  638 
Crane  v.  Andrews,  678 

V.  Bennett,  1335 

V.  Dygert,  303 

V.  Hardman,  1057 

V.  Knubel,  659 

V.  Patton,  988 

V.  Peer,  426 

V.  Powell,  90,  614 

V.  Schaefer,  367 

V.  Stone,  545 

V.  Thayer,  303 

V.  Warner,  555 
Crane  Bros.  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Adams,  664 
Crane  Co.  v.  Columbus  Const.  Co.,  762 
Crane  Elevator  Co.  v.  Lippert,  1216 
Craney  v.  Schloeman,  1350 
Cranfill  v.  Hayden,  444 


TABLE    OF   CASES 


2833 


[References 

Crank  v.  Forty-second  St.,  M.  &  S.  N. 

A.  Ry.,  86c 
Cranmer  v.  Kohn,  193a 
Cranston  v.  Marshall,  862 
Crape  V.  Hefner,  331 
Crater  v.  Binninger,  117,  118,  778 

V.  Futts,  1148 
Craufurd  v.  Smith,  495 
Craven  v.  Bloomingdale,  378 

V.  Clary,  959,  979,  981 

V.  Tickell,  304 
Cravens  v.  Hunter,  107a 
Crawford  v.  Andrews,  554 

V.  Beard,  274 

V.  Cochran,  823 

V.  Delaware,  1115 

V.  Earl,  750 

V.  Forest  Oil  Co.,  935 

V.  Geiser  Manuf.  Co.,  734 

V.  Heatwole,  419 

V.  Jarrett,  565 

V.  Jones,  999e 

V.  McDonald,  1031 

V.  Mail  Pub.  Co.,  312,  313 

V.  Metropolitan  El.  Ry.,  1208 

V.  Morris,  1279 

V.  Nolan,  565 

V.  Parsons,  189,  1265 

t>.  Rittenhouse,  857 

V.  Simonton,  334 

V.  Southern  R.  R.,  575 

V.  Willing,  310 

V.  Wilmington  Bank,  302a 

V.  Word,  549,  692i 
Crawfordsville  v.  Bond,  1110 
Crawson  ».  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Craythome  v.  Swinburne,  964 . 
Creal  v.  Keokuk,  1108 
Creamer  v.  Bowers,  323,  1244 

V.  Moran  Bros.  Co.,  1367 
Creason  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry., 

1347 
Credle  ».  Ayres,  908 
Creech  v.  Creech,  676 

V.  HumptuUps  B.  &  R.  G.  Co.,  132 
Creek  v.  McManus,  685/,  685A; 
Creevy  v.  Carr,  448d 
Cregin  ».  Brooklyn  C.  R.  R.,  573a 
Creighton  v.  Comstock,  743 

V.  Dilks,  857,  858 

178 


are  to  sections] 

Creighton  v.  Haythorn,  531a 
Crenshaw  v.  Smith,  959 
Crescent  Mfg.  Co.  v.  N.  O.  Nelson  Mfg. 
Co.,  608,  613,  617 

V.  Wabash  Mfg.  Co.,  1256fc 
Crescent  Min.   Co.  v.  Wasatch  Min. 

Co.,  301 
Cressey  v.  Parks,  61 
Creswell  v.  Nesbitt,  692 

V.  Woodside,  684 
Crete  v.  Childs,  2216 
Cretin  v.  Levy,  337 
Creve  Coeur  Lake  Ice  Co.  v.  Tamra, 

208a 
Crews  V.  Cortez,  989 
.  V.  Dabney,  440,  777 

V.  Lackland,  1259 
Crichfield  v.  Julia,  192,  627o 
Crimes  v.  Bowerman,  126d 
Criner  v.  Pike,  76 
Crippen  V.  Thompson,  793 
Crisdee  v.  Bolton,  408,  418 
Crisfield  V.  Storr,  959,  961 
Crissell  V.  Riley,  817 
Crist  V.  Armour,  734 

V.  Jacobi,  762 
Critcher  v.  Porter-McNeal  Co.,  762 
Critchfield  v.  Humbert,  906 
Crittenden  v,  Johnston,  193,  625 

V.  Posey,  316,  774 

V.  Springfield  F.  &  M.  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Croak  v.  Owens,  755 
Crocker  v.  Field's  B.  &  C.  Co.,  679a 
Crockett  v.  Mitchell,  326 
Crockford  v.  Winter,  286 
Crofford  v.  Vassar,  682 
Croft  V.  Bunster,  695 

V.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  1082 
Crogan  v.  Schiele,  1272 
Croix  L.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Ritchie,  934a 
Crole  V.  Thomas,  671 
Cromer  v.  City  of  Logansport,  2146 
Crommelin  v.  New  York  &  H.  R.  R., 
857 

V.  Thiess,  999e 
Crompton  v.  Ward,  547 
Crompton  &  K.  L.  Works  v.  Hoffman, 

646 
Cromwell  v.  County  of  Sac,  327,  695, 
703 


2834 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Crone  v.  Crone,  301c 
Cronemillar  ».  Duluth-Superior  Mill- 
ing Co.,  668 
Crook  V.  TuU,  334 
Crooke  v.  Anderson,  1194 

V.  Moore,  755 
Crooker  v.  Bragg,  99 

V.  Hutchinson,  831 

V.  Melick,  548 
Crooks  V.  Dickinson,  307 

V.  Dickson,  999o 

V.  Moore,  750 
Crookshank  v.  Mallory,  657 
Cropper  v.  Nelson,  275 
Crosby  v.  Cuba  R.  R.,  1357 

V.  Hanover,  1107 

V.  Humphreys,  101,  487a 

V.  Mason,  310 

V.  Merriam,  311d 

V.  Morton,  301 

V.  Otis,  311 

V.  Watkins,  734 

V.  Wyatt,  807 
Crosby  Lumber  Co.  ».  Smith,  316,  627a 
Crosby  S.  G.  &  V.  Co.  v.  ConsoUdated 

S.  V.  Co.,  1237,  1244,  1250 
Crose  V.  Rutledge,  1326,  1328 
Croshaw  v.  Ins.  Co.  of  N.  Am.,  717 
Crosier  ».  Craig,  638 
Cross  V.  Bellona,  The,  599c 

t).  Brown,  497b,  684 

V.  Cross,  1256ft 

».  Devine,  1027 

V.  Grant,  480 

V.  HI.  Cent.  R.  R.,  482,  483,  484, 
485 

V.  Kansas  City,  1177 

V.  Kansas  City,  H.  S.  &  M.  Ry., 
868 

V.  Noble,  976 

V.  Plymouth  Co.,  1147 

V.  Wilkins,  1304 
Crossfield  v.  Such,  527 
Crossley  v.  Hojer,  536,  537  , 
Crouch  V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  843 

V.  Gutmann,  657 

V.  Johnson,  973 

V.  Kansas  City  So.  Ry.,  937a 

V.  L.  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  76,  434 

V.  Miller,  1039 


Croucher  v.  Oakman,  675 
Crounse  v.  Syracuse  &  R.  R.,  237,  685ra 
Crouse  V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  67 
Crow  I).  National  Bank,  682 

V.  State,  295,  317 
Crowe  ».  Gallenkamp,  664a 
Crowell  V.  Beatrice  Havener,  The,  596 
V.  Beverly,  1160a 
V.  Brothers,  The,  599c 
Crowley  v.  Apted,  990o 

V.  Burns  B.  &  M.  Co.,  734 
Crown  Vinegar  &  Spice  Co.  v.  Wehrs, 

751 
Crowninshield  v.  Robinson,  1066 
Crowther  v.  Sawyer,  334 
Crozier  v.  Grayson,  801 

V.  Minneapolis  St.  Ry.,  1360 
Cruce  V.  Cruce,  3116 
Crug  V.  Gorham,  734 
Cruger  v.  Sullivan,  334 
Crumb  v.  Oaks,  431,  493 
Crummey  v.  Bentley,  917 
Crump  V.  Ficklin,  684a 

V.  Rebstock,  664 
Crutcher  v.  Choctaw,  O.  &  G.  R.  R., 
101,  854 
V.  Elliott,  768 
Cruts  V.  Wray,  78,  531 
Crux  V.  Aldred,  419 
Crymble  v.  Mulvaney,  248a,  665c 
Crj^stal  City  &  U.  R.  R.  v.  Boothe,  1143 
Cubitt  V.  O'Dett,  924 
Cud  V.  Rutter,  750 
Cudahy   Packing   Co.   v.   Broadbent, 

171a,  1270a 
Cuddee  v.  Rutter,  750 
Cuddy  V.  Major,  153,  742 
Cue  V.  Breeland,  435 
Cuesta  V.  Royal  Ins.  Co.,  723a 
Culbertson  v.  Ashland  C.  &  C.  Co., 

647c 
Culbertson  I.  &  W.  P.  Co.  v.  Wildman, 

664,  665 
Culin  V.  Woodbury  Glass  Works,  156, 

734,  742a 
Cull  V.  San  Francisco  &  Fresno  Land 

Co.,  989 
CuUen  V.  Bimm,  753 
V.  Gallagher,  664a 
V.  Sears,  657 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2835 


Cullen  V.  Whitham,  345 
CuUity  V.  Dorffel,  236 
Cullum  V.  Branch  Bank,  3016 
Culmer  v.  Caine,  296,  340 
Culver  V.  Blake,  1060 

V.  Green,  677 

V.  Hill,  209,  992 

».  Marks,  302a 
Cumberland  v.  U.  S.,  1171e 

V.  Willison,  1112,  1116 
Cumberland,  The,  135  Fed.  234;  593 
Cumberland,  The,  5  L.  T.  R.  496;  716 
Cumberland  &  O.  C.  Co.  v.  Hitchings, 

93,  947 
Cumberland  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Slack,  667 
Cumberland  Coal  &  Iron  Co.  v.  Tilgh- 

man,  77 
Cumberland  T.  &  T.  Co.  t>.  Allen,  368 

V.  Cartwright  C.  T.  Co.,  370 

V.  Cassedy,  363,  373,  380,  1334 

V.  Hobart,  897a 

V.  Jackson,  897a 

V.  Overfield,  1261,  1270a,  1363 

V.  Paine,  363 

V.  Pitchford,  1367 

V.  Poston,  366,  368,  385 

V.  Quigley,  168,  881a,  894 
Cumberland  Valley  M.  P.  Co.  v.  Schell, 
'  722 
Cuming  v.  Brooklyn  City  R.  R.,  86c, 

486c 
Cummerford  v.  McAvoy,  447 
Cumming  v.  Hackley,  796,  797,  800 
Cummings  v.  Badger  Lumber  Co.,  536 

V.  Bradford,  306 

V.  Burleson,  237 

V.  Dixon,  1112a 

.;.  Dudley,  279c 

V.  Gaon,  363 

V.  Harrison,  979 

V.  Howard,  325 

V.  M'Gehee,  905 

V.  Mugge,  685i  , 

V.  Roeth,  1256e 

V.  Williamsport,  1142 
Cummins  v.  Crawford,  372 

V.  Des  Moines  &  S.  L.  Ry.,  1295 

V.  Ennis,  769 

V.  Hanson,  636$ 

V.  Heald,  303 


Cummins  v.  Kennedy,  959 

V.  Presley,  593 
Cunard  S.  S.  Co.  v.  Fabre,  595 
Cundiff  V.  Cundiff,  993 
Cunnea  v.  Williams,  1040 
Cunningham  v.  Carrico,  325 

V.  Dorsey,  613,  615 

V.  E.  &  T.  H.  R.  R.,  67o 

V.  Finch,  6851 

V.  Jones,  659 

V.  Metropolitan  L.  Co.,  934 

V.  Metropolitan  S.  Co.,  534 

V.  Mutual  Reserve  Life  Ins.  Co., 
1367 

V.  Neal,  1363 

V.  San  Saba  County,  334 

V.  Seattle  Electric  R.  &  P.  Co., 
1342 

».  Steamboat  Low  Water,  675 

».  Stein,  948 

V.  Stockton,  414 

V.  Stoner,  539 

V.  Sugar,  248a,  565c 
Curd  V.  Letcher,  341 
Curl  V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  364 
Curlee  v.  Rose,  458 
Curley  v.  Hudson  County,  337 
Curlman  v.  Smith,  1115 
Cuman  v.  Delaware  &  O.  R.  R.  R., 

408o,  647& 
Curphy  v.  Terrell,  12866 
Curran  v.  Rogers,  1024 

V.  Smith,  193,  607 
Currie  v.  Waverly  &  N.  Y.  B.  R.  R., 
1154 

V.  White,  313a,  734 
Currier  v.  Baker,  8076 

V.  Davis,  271 

V.  Kretzinger,  303 

V.  McKee,  1255 

V.  Swan,  384,  1305 

V.  W.  M.  Ritter  Lumber  Co.,  667 
Curry  v.  American  F.  L.  M.  Co.,  685A, 
685TO 

V.  CatUn,  565 

V.  Commonwealth  Ins.  Co.,  725 

V.  Homer,  688a 

V.  Kansas  &  C.  P.  Ry.,  89 

V.  Larer,  411,  676 

V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1211 


2836 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Curry  ».  Mt.  Sterling,  1138 

V.  Sandusky  Fish  Co.,  908 

V.  Wilson,  1300 
Curtin  v.  Harvey,  684 

V.  Nittany  V.  R.  R.,  1164,  1165, 
1167 

».  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  164,  894 
Curtis  V.  Aspinwall,  1026 

V.  Barber    Asphalt    Paving    Co., 
1364 

V.  Baugh,  794,  936 

V.  Brannon,  966,  976,  978 

t).  Brewer,  419 

».  Buckley,  701 

V.  Haanay,  761 

V.  Innerarity,  301,  698 

V.  Paggett,  98 

V.  Rochester  &  S.  R.  R.,  86c,  1270 

V.  Sioux  City  &  H.  P.  Ry.,  865 

V.  Smith,  75  Conn.  429;  302a 

V.  Smith,  48  Vt.  116;  607,  613,  650 

V.  Van  Bergh,  419 

V.  Ward,  60,  494 
Curtiss  V.  Bachman,  685Z 

V.  Hoyt,  364,  366,  373,  931 

V.  Lawrence,  1258 
Curtley  ».  Security  Savings  Society,  46 
Wash.  50;  241,  1027o 

V.  Security  Sav.  Soc,  51  Wash.  242; 
171o 
Curvin  v.  Grimes,  1353 
Cushing  V.  Boston,  1160a 

V.  Drew,  418 

V.  Gore,  793 

V.  Longfellow,  934 

V.  Seymotir,  182,  195 

V.  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  272,  844 
Cushman  v.  Blanchard,  962 

V.  Hayes,  519,  746 

V.  Northwestern  Ins.  Co.,  722a 

V.  Waddell,  487a 
Cushman  &  Rankin  Co.  v.  B.  &  M.  R. 

R.,  67o 
Custis  V.  Adkins,  301c 
Cutler  V.  Close,  657 

V.  How,  606c 

V.  James  Goold  Co.,  493,  493o 

V.  Johnson,  606c 

V.  Pittsburg  S.  P.  G.  M.  Co.,  1357 

V.  Smith,  365,  373,  388 


Cutler  V.  Southern,  786 
Cutter  V.  Emery,  807 

V.  Fanning,  493 

V.  Gillette,  666 

V.  Gudebrod  Bros.  &  Co.,  1246c 

V.  New  York,  339 

I/.  Powell,  659 

V.  Waddingham,  75 
Cutting  V.  Cox,  931 

V.  Grand  T.  Ry.,  136,  854,  882 

V.  Miner,  193 
Cutts  V.  Spring,  933 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  891 
Cyr  V.  Dufour,  1326,  1328 
Czamecki  v.  Bolen-Darnell  Coal  Co., 

948 
Czamikow,     MacDougall    &    Co.    v. 
Baxter,  742 


D.  A.  Tompkins  Co.  v.  Monticello  Cot- 
ton Oil  Co.,  165,  1070 
D.  H.  Ewing  &  Sons  v.  Callahan,  1349 
D.  N.  Osborne  &  Co.  v.  Carpenter,  608 
Dabney  v.  Catlett,  795 

V.  New  England  M.  M.  I.  Co.,  717 
Dabovich  v.  Emeric,  517,  745 
Dady  v.  Gondii,  188  111.  234;  96,  1012 

V.  Condit,  209  111.  488;  1018 
Daggett  V.  Adams,  568 

I).  Daggett,  695 

V.  Davis,  257,  494 

V.  Reas,  966 

V.  Wallace,  637,  639 
Daggs  V.  Bolton,  334 
Dahill  V.  Booker,  82,  497e 
Dahmer  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1350 
Daigneau  v.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  172 
Dailey  v.  Crowley,  55,  57 

V.  Dismal  Swamp  Canal  Co.,  91 
Daily  v.  Litchfield,  413 
Daily  Post  Co.  v.  McArthur,  380a 
Dain  v.  Wycoff,  475 
Daingerfield  v.  Thompson,  481 
Dakin  v.  Williams,  401,  418 
Dalbeattie  S.  Co.  v.  Card,  614 
Daiby  v.  Campbell,  536 

V.  India  &  London  Life  Ass.  Co., 
729,  1034 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2837 


Dalby  v.  Stearns,  822 
Dale  V.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R., 
6716 

V.  Grant,  120 

V.  HaU,  1032 

V.  Richards,  305 

V.  St.  Joseph,  1140 

V.  Shively,  979,  983 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  924 
Dallam  v.  Fitler,  59 
Dallas  V.  Allen,  251 

V.  Hollingsworth,  673a 

V.  Kahn,  1149 

V.  Leake,  1149 

V.  Moore,  486a 

V.  Ross,  1110 
Dallas  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Abler,  1359 
Dallas  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Spioker,  578 
Dallas   Consol.    Electric    St.    Ry.    v. 

Motwiller,  171 
Dallas  C.  E.  St.  Ry.  v.  Summers,  490 
Dallas  Exch.  v.  Tuttle,  695c 
Dallas  P.  &  S.  E.  R.  R.  v.  Day,  1123 
Dallin  v.  Mayer,  1335 
Dalrymple  v.  Hannum,  1295 
Dalton  V.  Beers,  234,  359,  360,  384a, 
1342 

V.  Bowker,  238,  959,  975 

V.  Kansas  City,  F.  S.  &  M.  R.  R., 
864a 

V.  Southeastern  Ry.,  573,  574 
Daly  V.  Byrne,  1328 

V.  Maitland,  407,  416 

V.  Van  Benthuysen,  360,  377,  454 
Daly,  In  re,  1156,  1171 
Dalzell  V.  Davenport,  1112a 
Dame  v.  Kenney,  451 
Damhorst  v.  Missouri  Pac.  R.  R.,  318 
Damron  v.  Roach,  125a,  927 

V.  Sweetser,  682a 
Dana  v.  Fiedler,  296,  313a,  734,  1297 

V.  Goodfellow,  969 

V.  Sessions,  1074 
Dance  v.  McBride,  480 
Dancey  v.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  865 
Dando  v.  Home  Telephone  Co.,  1367 
Danforth  v.  Freeman,  660,  662 

V.  Pratt,  555 

V.  Tennessee  &  C.  R.  R.,  614,  615, 
6476 


Danforth  v.  Walker,  37  Vt.  239;  630f, 
753 

V,  Walker,  40  Vt.  257;  636/ 

V.  WilUams,  332 
Daniel  v.  Allen,  1368 

V.  Fort  W.  &  R.  G.  Ry.,  1154c 

V.  Gibson,  334 

V.  Giles,  487a 

V.  Holland,  493 

V.  Judy,  1275 

V.  Lumber  Co.,  411 

V.  Perkins  Logging  Co.,  926,  927 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  154,  890 

i;.  Wharton,  341 
Daniell  v.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  666 

V.  Sinclair,  343 
Danielly  v.  Cheeves,  93 
Daniels  v.  Ballantine,  119 

V.  Bradley,  324a 

V.  Brown,  75,  83 

V.  C.  I.  &  N.  R.  R.,  1175 

V.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R., 
126a 

V.  Newton,  636i,  758 

V.  Osborn,  294 

ti.  Union  Pac.  Ry.,  1354 

V.  Ward,  325,  331 

V.  Wilber,  664o,  1049 
Danna  v.  Monroe,  1371 
Danner  v.  Fort  Worth  Implement  Co., 

762 
Danolos  v.  State,  614 
Danville  Bridge  Co.  v.  Pomroy,  657 
Danville  Turnpike  Road  Co.  v.  Stew- 
art, 1348 
Danziger  ».  Boyd,  120  N.  Y.  628;  913 

V.  Boyd,  54  N.  Y.  Super.  Ct.  365; 
912 

V.  Hoyt,  650 
Daquin  v.  Coiron,  301 
Darby  v.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.,  856 
Darcey  v.  Darcey,  416 
D'Arcy  v.  Lyle,  834 
Darden  v.  Orgain,  301c 
Darley  Main  Colliery  Co.  v.  Mitchell, 

925 
Darling  v.  McBride,  685A; 

V.  McDonald,  1328 

V.  Tegler,  77 
Darlington  v.  Allegheny,  1172o 


2838 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Darlington  v.  Copeland,  685A; 

V.  DeWald,  99%" 

V.  J.  L.  Gates  Land  Co.,  976 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c 
Darnell  v.  Columbus  S.  C.  Co.,  363a 

V.  Williams,  702 

V.  Wilmoth,  934 
Darst  V.  Mathieson  Alkali  Works,  666 
Dart  V.  Laimbeer,  193 

V.  Southwestern  B.  &  L.  Assoc, 
676 
Dashiell  v.  Moody,  69Sc 
Daskam  v.  Ullman,  705 
Dass  V.  West,  988a 
Daub  V.  Martin,  334 
Daughtery  v.  American  U.  T.  Co.,  873, 
874,  879,  891,  895 

V.  Brown,  1140 
Dauley  v.  Williams,  612 
Dauphiny  v.  Buhne,  447 
Davelaar  v.  Milwaukee,  942,  1110 
Davenport  v.  Abbott,  1296 

V.  Anderson,  777 

V.  Bradley,  1259 

V.  Ledger,  59,  494,  540 

V.  McKee,  333 

V.  Richards,  69^' 

V.  Russell,  929 

V.  Wells,  1  Iowa,  598;  2796 

V.  Wells,  3  la.  242;  516& 
Davenport  R.  I.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  v. 

Sinnet,  1166 
Davey  v.  Davey,  378 

V.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  1354 
David  V.  Bradley,  78 

V.  Conard,  311,  1258 

V.  Southwestern  R.  R.,  581 
David  Dows,  The,  587 
Davidge  v.  Guardian  Trust  Co.,  777 
Davidor  v.  Bradford,  627a 
Davidson  v.  Brown,  676 

V.  Edgar,  657 

V.  Gunsolly,  76,  78 

V.  Gwynne,  1068 

V.  Lee,  43 

V.  Mexican  Nat.  R.  R.,   58  Fed. 
653;  310 

V.  Mexican  Nat.  R.  R.,  11  App. 
Div.  28;  311c,  314a 

V.  Michigan  C.  R.  R,,  435 


Davidson  v.  Molyneux,  1330 

V.  Munsey,  1246c 

V.  Nichols,  126a 

V.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  1360 
Davidson-Benedict    Co.    v.    Severson, 

579,  580 
Davidson  Bros.  Co.  v.  Smith,  762 
Davidson  Development  Co.  v.  South- 
ern Ry.,  152 
Davies  v.  Hotchkiss,  984 

V.  Jenkins,  32,  38 

V.  Penton,  408,  413 

V.  Stevenson,  256 

V.  Underwood,  999A 
Davin  V.  Syracuse,  416a 
Davis  V.  Alden,  688a 

V.  Alpha  P.  C.  Co.,  417 

V.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  1331 

V.  AjTes,  665 

V.  Barr,  668 

V.  Barrington,  657 

V.  Bean,  979,  1053 

V.  Bhss,  80a,  497gr 

V.  Blue  Ridge  Ry.,  852 

V.  Bronson,  636c 

V.  Cayuga  &  S.  R.  R.,  873 

V.  Central  R.  R.,  481 

V.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.,  380 

V.  Cincinnati,  H.  &  D.  R.  R.,  190, 
850 

V.  Crow,  689a 

V.  Cushing,  235a 

i>.  Davis,  1326 

V.  Delpit,  901 

V.  Dickey,  762 

./.  Dodge,  665,  666,  667 

V.  East  Tennessee,  V.  &  G.  Ry., 
65 

V.  Elliott,  695 

V.  Emerson,  808 

V.  Fish,  201 

V.  Ford,  618 

V.  Freeman,  420 

V.  Funk,  703 

V.  Gardiner,  50 

V.  Garrett,  816 

V.  Gillett,  410 

V.  Gott,  565a 

V.  Grand  Rapids  Fum.  Co.,  636d, 
742 


Table  op  cases 


2830 


[References  are  to  sections 

Davis  V.  Greely,  282,  324a 
V.  Griffith,  449 
V.  Guamieri,  120,  583 
V.  Hall,  959 
V.  Hamilton,  451 
V.  Harding,  691a 
V.  Harrison,  704 
V.  Hearst,    377,    378,    380o,    382, 

387,  445,  447,  451 
V.  Hedges,  1073 
V.  Hendrie,  331 
V.  Hutton,  922 
V.  Jefferson  Gas  Co.,  1166c 
V.  Justice,  1248 
V.  Kendall,  102 

V.  La  Crosse  &  M.  R.  R.,  924a 
V.  La  Crosse  Hospital  Assoc,  419 
V.  Lewis,  4  Bibb,  456;  1010 
V.  Lewis,  7  T.  R.  17;  448(i 
V.  Logan,  976 
V.  Louk,  909a,  914 
V.  Lyman,  973,  979 
V.  McMillan,  1337 
V.  Marxhausen,  448a 
V.  Mason,  1286 
V.  Maxwell,  673/ 
V.  Michigan  Cent.  R.  R.,  5706 
V.  Michigan    Southern    &    N.    I. 

R.  R.,  873 
V.  Miller  B.  L.  Co.,  933,  934 
V.  Mohn,  43i 
V.  Nest,  265 
V.  New  Bedford,  1149 
V.  Northwestern  Ry.,  1138 
V.  Oswell,  505 
V.  Poland,  2146 
V.  Pryor,  639 
V.  Ry.,  570a 
V.  Rake,  301c 
V.  Richardson,  734,  736 
V.  Rider,  331 
V.  Rosedale  S.  Ry.,  237 
V.  Seeley,  1263,  1337 
V.  Shields,  734 
V.  Silverton,  1108 
V.  Simmons,  908 
V.  Sladen,  4486 
V.  Slagle,  640a 

V.  Smith,  5  Ga.  274;  916,  959 
V.  Smith,  48  Vt.  52;  298,  310,  344 


Davis  V.  Smyth,  289 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  1331 

V.  Standish,  1248,  1254 

V.  Starrett,  444a,  446 

V.  State,  338 

V.  Tacoma  &  P.  Ry.,  43;,  47 

V.  Talcott,  189,  190,  646 

V.  Titusville  R.  R.,  1154c 

V.  Wabash,  S.  L.  &  P.  Ry.,  119 

V.  Wait,  1040 

V.  Walker,  311 

V.  Watkins,  301a 

./.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  896 

V.  Wilbome,  774 
avis  Provision  Co.  v.  Fowler  Bros., 
735c 
Davis  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Best,  540 
Davis    Sulphur   Ore    Co.    v.    Atlanta 

Guano  Co.,  755 
Davisson  v.  Burgess,  692 
Davy  V.  Hallett,  713 
Dawes  v.  Dinger,  304 

V.  Shed,  681a 

t).  Winship,  316 
Dawson  v.  Amey,  934 

V.  Clay,  335 

V.  Dawson,  692^ 

V.  Holt,  688 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  864 

V.  McGill,  913 

V.  Morgan,  705,  803 

V.  Pittsburgh,  1163 

V.  Quincy,  O.  &  K.  C.  R.  R.,  854 

v.  State,  681o 
Day  V.  Conn.  G.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 

!;.  Cross,  734 

V.  Gravel,  843 

V.  Holland,  360,  373 

V.  Litchfield,  688 

V.  Lockwood,  310 

V.  Mapes-Reeve  Construction  Co., 
762 

V.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  51  N.  Y. 
583;  651 

V.  N.  Y.  C.  R.  R.,  22  Hun.  412; 
314 

V.  Woodworth,  233,  234,  352,  360, 
364,  365,  366,  927,  930,  932 
Dayton  v.  Estate  of  Dakin,  317 

V,  Gunnison,  789 


2840 


TABLE   OP  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Dayton  v.  Hooglund,  1060 

V.  Lincoln,  1141 

V.  Parke,  857 

V.  Pease,  117,  927 
Dayton  &  C.  R.  R.  Co.  o.  Hatch,  627 
Deagan  v.  Weeks,  1031 
Deal  V.  Osborne,  82,  531a 

V.  Potter,  531 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  937 
De  Amado  v.  Friedman,  1367 
Dean  v.  Blackwell,  373o 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  318,  437 

V.  Peely,  915,  916 

V.  Governor,  692a 

V.  Kansas  City,  S.  L.  &  C.  R.  R., 
1354 

V.  Mason,  1220 

V.  Melbourne,  153a 

V.  Nichols  &  Shepard,  506a 

V.  Oregon  R.  &  Nav.  Co.,  573 

V.  Radford,  168 

V.  R.,  etc.,  Co.,  580a 

V.  Ritter,  211,  858 

V.  Roesler,  984 

V.  Vaccaro,  844 

u.  Wabash  R.  R.,  483,  1348 

V.  White,  607 

V.  Williams,  339a,  343 
Deane  v.  Michigan  Stove  Co.,  164a, 

766 
Dearborn  v.  Boston,  C.  &  M.  R.  R., 

1108,  1110,  1151 
Dearing  v.  Pearson,  667 
Dearing  W.  T.  B.  Co.  v.  Thompson, 

1046 
Dearlove  v.  Herrington,  1328 
Deas  V.  Harvie,  695 
Deaton  v.  Polk,  1148 
De  Berard  v.  Priale,  685 
De  Bemales  v.  Fuller,  286,  287 
Deberry  v.  Young,  660,  662 
Deblois  v.  Ocean  Ins.  Co.,  711 
De  Boom  v.  Priestly,  655 
De  Boul  V.  Freeport  R.  R.,  11656, 1169, 

11716 
De  Camp  v.  BuUard,  184,  794 

V.  Bums,  685o 

V.  Hewitt,  666,  667 

V.  Stevens,  673/ 

V.  Wallace,  926,  943 


Decatur  v.  Fisher,  1326,  1328 

V.  Hamilton,  47 
Decatur  Car  Wheel  Co.  v.  Mehaffey, 

574a 
Decatur  St.,  Matter  of,  243c 
Dechample  v.  Nav.  Co.,  1155 
Deck  V.  Feld,  257,  750 
Decker  v.  Decker,  78 
V.  Gaylord,  447 
V.  Hassell,  667 
V.  Mathews,  256,  708 
V.  School  Dist.,  657 
DeClerq  v.  Mungin,  492 
Decorah  Woolen  Mill  Co.   v.   Greer, 

214 
De  Costa  v.  Massachusetts  F.  W.  & 
M.  Co.,  172,  939,  941 
V.  Newnham,  715,  717 
De  Courcy  v.  Prendergast  Const.  Co., 

1262,  1360 
Deegan  v.  Gutta  Percha  &  R.  M.  Co., 

1357 
Deems  v.  Albany,  318 
Deen  v.  Harrold,  1034,  1046 
Deep  Mining  &  Drainage  Co.  v.  Fitz- 

Gerald,  1359 
Deere  v.  Lewis,  734 
Deering  v.  Johnson,  6226 
Deery  v.  Williams,  753 
Deeves  v.  Richardson  &  Boynton  Co., 

643 
De  Ford  v.  Maryland  Steel  Co.,  119, 

196 
De  Forest  v.  Fulton  F.  I.  Co.,  725 

V.  Leete,  967,  1261 
Defrance  v.  Austin,  673d 
Defries  v.  Davis,  446 
Degnan  v.  Brooklyn  City  R.  R.,  1363 
De  Goudouin  v.  Lewis,  265 
De  Graff  v.  Widkham,  413,  419 
De  Groat  v.  Fulton,  etc.,  Ins.  Co.,  722 
DeGroff  V.  Amer.  Linen  Thread  Co., 

416 
De  Havilland  v.  Bowerbank,  286,  287 
Dehler  v.  Held,  684 
Deimel  v.  Brown,  316 
Deisen  v.  Chicago,  S.  P.,  M.  &  M. 

Ry.,  1306 
Deisher  v.  Stein,  988a 
Deitrick  v.  Highway  Com'rs,  1138 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2841 


Deitzler  v.  Wilhite,  909a,  915 

De  Jamette  v.  Dreyfus,  982 

De  Kay  v.   Haokensack  Water  Co., 

695 
De  la  Bere  v.  Pearson,  12id 
Delafield  v.  3.  K.  Armsby  Co.,  162 

V.  San   Francisco   &   S.    M.   Ry., 
279c 

V.  Westfield,  302a 
De  La  Garza  v.  Booth,  692i 
De  La  Grange    v.    Southwestern    Tel. 

Co.,  876 
Delamarre  v.  Bott,  91 
Delamater  v.  Folz,  70 
Delano  v.  Curtis,  55 

V.  Smith,  999ff 
Delaney  v.  Canadian  Pac.  R.  R.,  325 

V.  Stoddart,  817 
Delany  v.  Hill,  257 
Delaplain  v.  Kansas  City,  1216 
De  Lavalette  v.  Wendt,  296,  307,  313 
Delavergne  v.  Norris,  967,  973,  979 
De  La  Vergne  R.  M.  Co.  v.  Stahl,  1359 
Delaware,  The,  596o 
Delaware  &  A.  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Elvins, 

73,  926 
Delaware  &  H.  Canal  Co.  v.  Dubois, 
655e 

V.  Mitchell,  636b,  734,  737 

V.  Torrey,  99 
Delaware  &  M.  C.  T.  Co.  v.  Fisk,  933 
Delaware  &  Raritan  C.   Co.   v.   Lee, 
1108 

V.  Wright,  924 
Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Burson, 
331a,  1142,  1149 

V.  Devore,  486& 

V.  Jones,  678 

V.  Oxford  Iron  Co.,  801 
De  la  Zerda  v.  Kom,  927 
Delden  v.  Krom,  736 
Delegal  v.  Naylor,  256,  275 
DeLeon  v.  Echeverria,  667 

V.  McKeman,  193o,  856a 
Deleshaw  v.  Edelen,  565c 
Delevan  v.  Bates,  1263 
De  Lisle  v.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R., 

854 
Dellahunty  v.  Little  Rock,  etc.,  Co., 
979 


Delmonte  v.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  868 
DeLong   v.    Spring   Lake,   etc.,    Co., 

969 
Delp  V.  Edlis,  179,  193 
Delphi  V.  Evans,  1108,  1112 
Deluise  v.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  618 
De  Luna  v.  Union  R.  R.,  574a,  1372 
Delves  v.  Wyer,  349 
De   Mahy  v.   Morgan's   Louisiana  & 

T.  R.  R.,  &  Steamship  Co.,  860 
Demarest  v.  Little,  573,  574,  577 
Demarett  v.  Bennett,  973 
Demars  v.  Koehler,  970,  976,  978 
De  May  v.  Roberts,  47 
Deming  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry., 
43h 

V.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  164,  856a 

V.  Kemp,  1059 

V.  Merchants'  Cotton-Press,    etc., 
Co.,  812 
Demme  v.   Dierkes  Furniture  Co.   v. 

MoCabe,  615 
Dempsey  v.  Dobson,  78 

V.  Hertzfield,  992 

V.  Schawacker,  310 

V.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  212a 
Dempster  v.  Lansingh,   234  111.   381; 
1286b 

V.  Lansingh,    128    111.    App.    388; 
377b 
Den  Bleyker  v.  GastoUj  734 
Denby  v.  Hairson,  1326 
Denew  v.  Daverell,  1038 
Dengler  v.  Auer,  645 
Denham  v.  Kirkpatrick,  440 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894b 
Deninger  v.  American  Locomotive  Co., 

575 
Denio  v.  State,  681a 
Denison  v.  Ford,  7  Daly  384;  987 

V.  Ford,  10  Daly  412;  188 
Denison  &  P.  S.  Ry.  v.  Cummins,  1165 

V.  Evans,  1149 

V.  O'Maley,  947 

V.  Scholz,  1171 

V.  Smith,  1143 

V.  Randell,  380a 
Denken  v.  Canavan,  932 
Denman  v.  Johnston,  1306 
Denmead  v.  Coburn,  659 


2842 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Denn  v.  Chubb,  920 
Dennery  v.  Bisa,  182 
Dennis  v.  Barber,  374 

V.  Belt,  1032 

V.  Cummins,  400,  407,  417 

V.  Jolmson,  1335 

V.  Maxfield,  193,  669 

V.  Stoughton,  127 
Dennison  v.  Daily  News  Pub.  Co.,  43ff 

V.  Hyde,  226c 

V.  Lee,  307,  999o 

D,  Van  Wormer,  1255 
Dennison  L.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Patton,  1354 
Deimiston  v.  Imbrie,  340c,  344 

I).  PMladelphia  Co.,  1110,  1164 
Denny  v.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  119,  IWd 

V.  Reynolds,  691o 
Deno  V.  Thomas,  4976 
De  Noyels  v.  JoUne,  1347 
Densch  v.  Scott,  685n 
Denslow  v.  Van  Horn,  640a,  641 
Densmore  v.  Mathews,  81,  565 
Denson  v.  Love,  973,  979 
Dent  V.  Davison,  98,  679a 

V.  Dunn,  287 

V.  Pickens,  638,  639,  640 

V.  Smith,  717 

V.  South-Bound  R.  R.,  932 

V.  Springfield  Trac.  Co.,  1355 
Denton  v.  Crouch,  692j 

V.  Wood's  Adm'r,  688 
Denton  Lumber  Co.  v.  First  Nat.  Bank, 

695 
Dentson  v.  Henderson,  700 
Denver!).  Bayer,  1123, 1136, 1153, 1163 

V.  Bonesteel,  1123,  1136  - 

V.  Hayes,  302a 

V.  Hyatt,  1216,  485,  485a 

V.  Rhodes,  1110 

V.  Sherret,  481 

V.  Vemia,  1110  • 
Denver  &  R.  G.  Ry.  v.  Bourne,  947, 
1136 

V.  Conway,  318 

V.  De  Witt,  856 

V.  Griffith,  1171e 

V.  Gunning,  578,  1367 

V.  Harris,  41o,  360,  363a,  1270a 

V.  Hutchins,  734 

V.  Lorentzen,  67,  226/,  483 


Denver  &  R.  G.  Ry.  v.  Mitchell,  1270a 

V.  Moynahan,  318 

».  Roller,  43i,  44 

V.  Schmitt,  1153 

V.  Scott,  1326 

V.  Spencer,  574a,  1367 

V.  Woodward,  574o 
Denver  B.  &  M.  Co.  v.  McAllister,  345 
Denver  City  I.  &  W.  Co,  v.  Middaugh, 

91, 1109,  1110,  1164 
Denver  City  Tramway  Co.  v.  Martin, 

44 
Denver  E.  W.  Co.  v.  Elkins,  753 
Denver  L.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Rosenfield  Constr. 

Co.,  419 
Denver,  S.  P.  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Conway, 
293 

V.  Frame,  251,  844 
Denver,  T.  &  F.  W.  R.  R.  v,  Dotson, 
932 

V.  Pulaski  I.  D.  Co.,  95 
Denver,  U.  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Barsaloux, 

1152 
De  Palma  ».  Weinman,  182,  927 
Depew  V.  Ketchum,  193,  987 

V.  Peck  Hardware  Co.,  191 
Depew,  The,  587 
Depeyster  v.  Sun  M.  I.  Co.,  710 
Deppe  V.  Chicago,  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  1328 
De  Puilly  v.  St.  Louis  Church,  667 
De  Puy  V.  Cook,  1367 
Derby  v.  Gage,  310a 

V.  Gallup,  1295 

V.  Johnson,  655a,  6556 
Derham  o.  Derham,  4805 
Deri  v.  Union  Bank,  256 
Derleth  v.  Degraaf,  756 
Dermott  v.  Jones,  23  How.  229;  656 

V.  Jones,  2  Wall.  1;  655/,  659, 1067 
Dem  ».  Kellogg,  819 
Derocher  v.  Continental   Mills,  663, 

673a 
Derry  v.  Derry,  107c 

V.  East  Saginaw  Bd.  of  Education, 
668 

V.  Flitner,  135 
Derry  Bank  ».  Heath,  685g 
De  Rutte  v.  New  York,  A.  &  B.  T.  Co., 

228e,  876,  878,  885,  895 
Desha  v,  Robinson,  1050 


TABLE  OF  CASES 


2843 


[References 

Desha  v.  Smith,  310o 

Deslonde  v.  O'Hem,  468 

Deslottes  v.  Baltimore  &  O.  T.  Co.,  154, 

879 
Des  Moineaux  v.  New  York  City  Ry., 

1360 
De  Steiger  v.  Hannibal  &  St.  J.  Ry., 

293,  317 
De  Taslet  v.  Crousellat,  623 

V.  Baring,  700 
De  Tastett  v.  Crousillat,  817 
Detmold  v.  Drake,  1151 
Detroit  v.  Beecher,  1167 

V.  Brennan,  1169 

V.  C.  H.  Little  Co.,  1169 

V.  Daly,  1128 
Detroit  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Griggs,  973 
Detroit  Daily  Post  Co.  v.  McArthur, 

448a 
Detroit  Gas  Co.  v.  Moreton  Truck 

Storage  Co.,  42 
Detroit  White  Lead  Works  v.  Knaszak, 

149 
Detzur  v.  B.  Stroh  Brewing  Co.,  1355 
Deutsch  V.  Pratt,  762,  780 
De  Varaigne  v.  Fox,  1187 
Devaughn  v.  Heath,  366,  373,  387 
Development  Co.  of  America  v.  King, 

667 
Devendorf  v.  Wert,  99 
Devereaux  v.  Buckley,  854 
Devereux  v.  Burgwin,  295 

V.  Cotton  Press  Co.,  942 

V.  Taft,  312 
Deverill  v.  Bumell,  422 
Devers  p.  May,  984,  984a 
Devin  v.  Himer,  1012,  1020 
Devine  v.  Brooklyn  H.  R.  R.,  485 

V.  Edwards,  294,  306 

V.  Kerwin,  312 

V.  Lewis,  959,  964 
Devir  v.  Corley,  490 
De  Visme  v.  De  Visme,  288 
Devitt  V.  Providence  Washington  Ins. 

Co.,  711 
Devlin  v.  New  York,  63  N.  Y.  8;  146, 
156,  615 

V.  New  York,  131  N.  Y.  123;  331a, 
339 

t>.  Philadelphia,  1151 


are  to  sections] 

Devlin  v.  Pike,  493 

Devlin's  Estate,  301c 

Devol  V.  Mcintosh,  789 

DeWardener  v.  Metropolitan  St,  Ry., 

1363 
Dewey  v.  Osbom,  69,  907 
Dewing  v.  Sears,  270 
Dewint  v.  Wiltse,  999fe 
Dewit  V.  Greenfield,  447,  451 
De  Wolf  V.  Ford,  873b 

V.  McGinnis,  1297 
Dexter  v.  Arnold,  310a 

V.  Collins,  312 

V.  Manley,  987,  988 

V.  Spear,  29 
Dey  V.  Dox,  734 
Deyo  V.  Van  Valkenburgh,  101 

V.  Waggoner,  126c,  626 
Diamond  v.  Smith,  365 
Diamond  M.  P.  Co.  v.  Independent  P. 

P.  Co.,  741 
Diamond  Match  Co.,  v.  Roeber,  426 
Diamond  Mills  Emory  Co.  v.  Phila- 
delphia, 1168 
Diamond  S.  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Brown,  1220 
Diamond  State  I.  Co.  v.  San  Antonio  & 

A.  P.  Ry.,  608 
Diana  Shooting  Club  v.  Lamoreux,  101 
Dias  V.  Glover,  301& 
Dibble  v.  Bron,  873 

V.  Morris,  233,  234,  359,  360,  364, 
366,  373a 
Diblin  v.  Murphy,  1330,  1349 
Dibol  V.  Minott,  615 
Dickens  v.  Shepperd,  975 
Dickenson   v.   Fitchburg,    252,    1129, 
1147,  1151,  1154c,  1160a,  11716 

».  Gould,  310 

V.  Jardine,  717 
Dickermann  v.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H. 

R.  R.,  1151 
Dickerson  v.  Finley,  159,  199 
Dickey  v.  Weston,  86a 
Dickins  v.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  579 
Dickinson  v.  Boston,  5706 

V.  Boyle,  lOld 

V.  Bull,  695 

V.  Hart,  182,  189 

V.  Nicholson,  950 

V,  Norwegian  Plow  Co.,  664 


2844 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Dickinson  v.  Talmage,  226d,  667 
Dickinson  Creamery  Co.  v.  Lyle,  988a 
Dickson  v.  Ctdcago,  etc.  R.  R.,  93 

V.  Desire,  959,  961,  973 

V.  Renter's  Tel.  Co.,  878 

V.  Screven,  819 

V.  Surginer,  298 

V.  Turner,  1024 
Dieckerhoff  v.  United  States,  416a,  676 
Dieffenbach  v.  New  York,  L.  E.  &  W. 

R.  R.,  1349,  1354 
Die!  V.  Ferguson,  484,  485 
Diels  V.  Kennedy,  752 
Diers  v.  Edwards,  107o 
Diesen  v.  Chicago,  S.  P.,  M.  &  O.  Ry., 

581 
Diestel  v.  Stevenson,  417,  6206 
Dietrich  v.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  R.  R.,  226i 

V.  Murdock,  1177 
Digby  V.  Atkinson,  999i 
Digman  v.  Spurr,  743 
Dikeman  v.  Arnold,  1007 
Dill  V.  Lawrence,  410 

V.  Mumford,  753 
Dillahunty  ».  Railway,  979 
Dillard  v.  Collins,  451 

V.  McClure,  531o 

V.  Stringfellow,  685^ 
Dilley  v.  Ratcliss,  742 
Dilliard  v.  Tomlinson,  31 1& 
Dillingham  v.  Richards,  1354 

V.  Russell,  378,  380a 
Dillon  V.  Anderson,  205,  636c 

V.  Dudley,  302a 

V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  5706 

V.  Hunt,  67a 

V.  Masterson,  161 

V.  New  York  &  E.  R.  R.,  846 
Dills  V.  Dougherty,  734 
Dilts  V.  Plumville  R.  R.,  1154c 
Dilworth  v.  Curts,  334 

V.  McKelvy,  77,  6916 

V.  TinderUng,  304 
Dimick  v.  Campbell,  1260 
Dimmick  v.  Lockwood,  953,  959,  969, 

971,  979 
Dimmock,  The,  595 
Dimock  v.  United  States  Nat.  Bank, 

520,  1050 
Dingle  v.  Hare,  760 


Dingley  v.  Oler,  758 
Dinkelspiel  v.  New  York  Evening  Jour- 
nal Pub.  Co.,  451 
Dinnihan  v.  Lake  Ontario  Beach  Imp. 

Co.,  1367 
Dinninny  v.  Fay,  551 
Director,  The,  11  Sawy.  494;  1261 
Director,  The,  180  Fed.  606;  587 
Disbrow  v.  Garcia,  237 

V.  Ulster  T.  580a 

V.  Westchester  Hardwood  Co.,  933, 
934 
Disosway  v.  Edwards,  408, 418, 676 
Distin  V.  Bradley,   359 

V.  Rose,  446 
District  of  Columbia  v.  Armes,  1148 

V.  Camden  Iron  Works,  181  U.  S. 
453;  313a 

V.  Camden  Iron  Works,  15  D.  C. 
App.  198;  308 

V.  Harlan  &    Hollingsworth  Co., 
419 

».  Prospect  Hill  Cemetery,  1148 

V.  Robinson,  316 

V.  Woodbury,  485a 
Ditmars  v.  Sackett,  533 
Dixon  ».  Baker,  74,  1165 

V.  Caldwell,  493 

V.  Clow,  101 

V.  Deveridge,  105 

V.  Fawcus,  1271 

V.  Scott,  1347 

V.  Smith,  444a 

V.  U.  S.,  680 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  885 
Dixon-Woods  Co.  v.  Phillips  Glass  Co., 

190,  646 
Doak  V.  Snapp,  276,  734 
Doan  V.  Warren,  98,  103 
Doane  v.  Anderson,  1345 

V.  Chicago  City  R.  R.,  410, 1177 

V.  Dunham,  1060 
Dobbins  v.  Duquid,  182,  222,  984,  988 

V.  Higgins,  301,  6556,  662 
Dobbs  V.  The  Justices,  etc.,  544 
Dobenspeck  v.  Armel,  313o 
Dobson  V.  Blackmore,  74,  946 

V.  Dorman,  1234 

V.  Hartford  Carpet  Co.,  1234,  1243 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  373,  1334 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2845 


Dobyns  v.  Yazoo  &  M.  V.  R.  R.,  574, 

1367 
Dockstader  v.  Young  M.  C.  Assoc,  625 
Doctor  V.  Darling,  312,  970,  980a 
Dr,  Harter  Medicine  Co.  v.  Hopkins, 

633,  834(2 
Dodd  V.  Jones,  226,  622,  623 

V.  Noiris,  475 
Dodds  V.  Hakes,  189,  984,  987 
Dodge  V.  Chandler,  531a 

».  Cohen,  685^ 

V.  County  Commrs.,  1119 

V.  Keine,  753 

V.  Perkins,  305 

V.  Rockport,  331a 

V.  Tileston,  1066 
Dodson  V.  Cincinnati,  1155 

V.  Cooper,  58,  316,  494,  494c,  565a 

V.  McAdams,  673d 
Dodwell  V.  Gibbs,  911 
Doe  V.  Ausman,  98 

V.  Black,  901 

V.  Davis,  920 

V.  Dyeball,  1276 

V.  Filliter,  350,  920 

V.  Hare,  918,  920 

V.  Harlow,  911 

V.  Huddart,  920 

V.  Perkins,  920 

V.  Roe,  448c 

V.  Rowlands,  210,  999ft 

V.  Vallejo,  345 

V.  Warren,  343,  345 
Doerhoefer  v.  Shewmaker,  386,  487a, 

1345 
Doggett  V.  Emerson,  303 
Doherty  v.  Des  Moines  City  Ry.,  1354 

V.  Dolan,  1012,  1018 

V.  Munson,  107c 
Doig  V.  Barkley,  345 
Dolan  V.  Rodgers,  655d 
Dolbeattie  Steamship  Co.  v.  Card,  858 
Dolbeer  v.  Waterworks  Co.,  1165a 
Dole  V.  New  Orleans  R.  &  L.  Co.,  1333, 

1348 
Dolf  V.  Bassett,  921 
D'Olier  v.  New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R., 

852 
Doliff  V.  Robbins,  497 
Doll  V.  Cooper,  682,  683 


Doll  V.  Hennessy  Mercantile  Co.,  4976 
Dollar  V.  International  Banking  Corp., 

695 
Dolph  V.  Troy  Laundry  Mach.  Co.,  734 
Dolson  V.  Saxton,  556 
Dommerich  v.  Garfunkel,  766 
Domville  v.  Keevan,  1268 
Donahoe  v.  Emery,  862 

V.  Star  Pub.  Co.,  448a 

V.  Johnson,  685ft,  685fc 

».  Parkman,  414 

V.  Partridge,  302 

V.  Prosser,  1050 
Donald  v.  Ballard,  4866 

V.  Lightfoot,  70 

V.  St.  Louis,  K.  C.  &  N.  R.  R.,  924a 
Donaldson  v.  Mississippi  &  M.  R.  R.  R., 
573a,  580,  581 

V.  State,  6796 
Donellan  v.  Hardy,  531a 
Donelly  v.  Booth  B.  &  H.  I.  G.  Co., 
1326 

V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1363 
Donely  v.  Rockfeller,  792 
Donhard  v.  Shirley,  1334 
Donk  Bros.  C.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Novero,  932 

V.  Thil,  172a 
Donlan  v.  Evans,  959,  965,  1028 
Donnell  v.  Columbian  Ins.  Co.,  716 

V.  Jones,  113,  126c,  352,  372,  467, 
1271 

V.  Sandford,  481,  484,  485 

V.  Thompson,  973,  976,  979 
Donnelly  v.  Brooklyn,  331a,  339 

V.  Chicago  C.  Ry.,  123 

V.  Harris,  487a 

V.  Hufschmidt,  483 
Donner  v.  Redenbaugh,  1010 
Donohoe  v.  Henry,  107a 
Donohue  v.  Chase,  3406 
Donovan  v.  Clark,  688 

V.  Consolidated  Coal  Co.,  935 

V.  Hanauer,  426 

V.  Johnson,  803 

V.  New  Orleans,  32 
Dooley  v.  Boston  Elevated  Ry.,  214a 

V.  Gladiator,  C.  G.  M.  &  M.  Co., 
257 

V.  Smith,  269,  3406 
Doolin  V.  Omnibus  Cable  Co.,  485(i 


2846 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Doolittle  V.  Dwight,  797 

V.  Eddy,  1293 

V.  McCuUough,  7  Oh.  St.  299;  59 

V.  McCuUough,   12  Oh.  St.  360; 
6556 

V.  Murray,  611 

V.  Nash,  655c 
Dooly  Black  v.  Salt  Lake  R.  T.  Co., 

1117 
Doom  V.  Curran,  1012a,  1027ffl 
Dooner  v.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co.,  481 
Door  V.  Fisher,  762 
Doover  v.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1120 
Doran  v.  Brooklyn  &  N.  Y .  F.  Co.,  1342 

V.  Butler,  692? 

V.  Cohen,  85c 
Dorchester  ».  Coventry,  921,  922 
Dorchester,  The,  589 
Dore  V.  Milwaukee,  1110,  1112a 
Doremus  v.  Patarson,  947 
Doremus,  In  re,  324o 
Dorer  v.  Hood,  916 
Dorgan  v.  Boston,  1128,  1147 

V.  Tel.  Co.,  895 
Doriocourt  v.  Lacroix,  1012 
Dority  v.  Dunning,  91 
Dorian  v.  East  Brandywine  &  W.  R.  R., 

1195 
Domian  v.  Ames,  99 

V.  Jacksonville,  110 

V.  Sebree,  1340 
Dormer  v.  Fortescue,  908 
Dorn  V.  Cooper,  443 
Dorr  V.  Clark,  684 
Dorrah  v.l.C.  R.  R.,  43/,  372 
Dorrance,  Matter  of,  1128 
Dorrance  &  Co.  v.  International  &  G. 

N.  R.  R.,  316 
Dorris  v.  Miller,  241b 

V.  Warford,  484,  485 
Dorser  v.  Hale,  753 
Dorsett  v.  Firth,  493o,  519 
Dorsey  v.  Dashiell,  789 

V.  Henderson,  1152a 

V.  Manlove,  363o,  364,  365,  366, 
367,  432a 

V.  Moore,  74 
Dorwin  v.  Porter,  209,  991 
Doss  V.  Billington,  932 

(1.  Doss,  1268 


Doss  V.  Jones,  447 

V.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  R.  R.,  379 
Doster  v.  Brown,  655c 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  361 
Doten  V.  Boston,  1230 

V.  Doten,  301c 
Dothage  v.  Stuart,  916 
Dothard  v.  Sheid,  237,  682a,  683,  1266 
Dotterer  v.  Bennett,  295,  312 
Doty  ».  Doty,  1014 

».  Miller,  934a 

V.  Quincy,  O.  &  K.  C.  R.  R.,  933, 
943 
Doubet  V.  Kirkman,  641 
Doud  V.  Duluth  Milling  Co.,  170,  646 

V.  Guthrie,  101 

V.  Mason  aty  R.  R.,  1154,  1171a 
Dougherty  v.  Bunting,  946 

V.  Chestnutt,  934,  935 

V.  Dore,  685d 

V.  Duvall,  961 

V.  Miller,  334 
Dougherty  Co.  v.  Tift,  1173 
Douglas  V.  Fox,  366 

V.  Gausman,  637,  638,  1328 

V.  Hoffman,  382 

V.  Minnesota  Transfer  Co.,  851 
Douglass  V.   Boonsborough  Turnpike 
R.  R.,  1112 

V.  Campbell,  40 

».  Clarke,  786 

t).  Ferris,  681o 

V.  Kessler,  692c 

V.  Kraft,  517 

V.  McAllister,  513 

V.  Moses,  762 

V.  Murphy,  623,  817,  999i 

V.  Northern  Cent.  Ry.,  1367 

i).  Ohio  River  R.  R.,  107o,  170, 184 

V.  Railroad,  873 

V.  Tousey,  451 
Doushkess  v.  Burger  Brewing  Co.,  622 
Douty  V.  Bird,  121d 
Dover  v.  Twombly,  6926,  692(£ 
Dow  V.  Adams,  999o 

V.  Humbert,  56,  107d,  547,  562 

ti.  Julien,  363,  565,  565o 

V.  Simset  T.  &  T.  Co.,  1354 

V.  Winnipesaukee  Gas  &  Electric 
Co.,  1260 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2847 


Dowa^ac  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Corbit,  170 

V.  White  Rock  Lumber  Co.,  753 
Dowd  V.  Westinghouse  A.  B.  Co.,  1371 
Dowdney  v.  McCuUom,  279c 
Dowell ».  Griswold,  335 
Downer  v.  Baxter,  803 

V.  Madison  County  Bank,  819 

V.  Smith,  976 

V.  Whittier,  326,  339o 
Downes  v.  Back,  508 
Downey  v.  Beach,  331 

V.  Biggs,  1012o 

V.  Burke,  660 

V.  Stirton,  449 
Downie  v.  Ladd,  976 
Downing  v.  Brown,  447 

V.  Outerbridge,  366,  496 
Downs  V.  Allen,  334 
Dows  V.  Greene,  78 

V.  Rush,  531 

V.  National  Exchange  Bank,  317, 
497 
Dox  V.  Dey,  295,  313a,  1258 
Doyle  V.  American  F.  Ins.  Co.,  725 

V.  Brundred,  964,  975 

V.  Bums,  5166 

V.  Days,  134 

V.  Dixon,  1330 

V.  Eccles,  261 

V.  Kansas  City  &  S.  Ry.,  1149 

V.  Kiser,  873,  1289 

V.  Lamson,  C.  &  S.  Ry.,  331a 

V.  St.  James'  Church,  310 
Doysher  v.  Adams,  1031 
Draffen  v.  Boonville,  692e 
Drago  V.  Mead,  991,  992 
Drake  v.  Auerbach,  261,  531 

V.  Baker,  1009,  1011 

V.  Bosworth,  1154 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  184, 
937,  947 

V.  Cockroft,  1058 

V.  Eubanks,  1028 

V.  Gilmore,  579 

V.  Holbrook,  777 

V.  Hudson  River  R.  R.,  1183, 1184, 
1185 

V.  Kiely,  226j 

i».  Lady  Ensley  Coal,  Iron  &  R. 
Co.,  35 


Drake  v.  Mitchell,  797,  798 

V.  Sherman,  6956 

V.  Sworts,  681o,  682,  682a 

V.  Webb,  680,  688,  688a 
Dranow  v.  MacDonald,  832 
Draper  v.  Baker,  385 

V.  Randolph,  1067 

V.  Saxton,  1296 

V.  Sweet,  764 

V.  Tucker,  575,  1372 
Dreamland,  The,  587 
Drenner  v.  Charles,  498 
Dresch  v.  Elliott,  1347 
Dresher  v.  Becker,  1027 
Dresser  v.  Missouri  &  I.  R.  R.,  695 
Dresser  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Waterston,  499 
Drew  V.  Baby,  71,  74 

V.  Beall,  1027 

V.  Ellis,  566(i 

V.  Pedlar,  414,  426a,  1023 

V.  Sixth  Ave.  R.  R.,  86c,  570 

V.  Towle,  956,  959,  982,  983 
Drews  v.  E.  P.  Burton  &  Co.,  35 

V.  Williams,  685o 
Drexel  v.  Man,  907,  919 
Dreyfus  v.  Peruvian  Guano  Co.,  538 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  Ry.,  43A 
Driess  V.  Frederich,  1216,  1348 
Driessel  v.  Urkart,  364 
Driggera  v.  Bell,  313a,  734 
Driggs  V.  Dwight,  607a,  1266 
Drinkwater  v.  Dinsmore,  67 
Drischman  v.  McManemin,  984 
DriscoU  V.  Gaffey,  43i 

V.  Humes,  Cruise  &  Smiley  Co., 
1347 

».  Taunton,  1149 
Driver  v.  Western  Union  R.  R.,  224, 

1151,  1154,  1169 
Droege  v.  Interurban  St.  Ry.,  1259 
Drogmund  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry., 

171a 
Drohn  v.  Brewer,  365,  372,  487a 
Drown  v.  Allen,  451 

V.  New  England  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co., 
481 
Druckeru.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1184,  1191, 

1198,  1205 
Drumm  v.  Cessnum,  457,  459,  1331 

II.  Harrison,  98 


2848 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Drumm-Flats  Com.  Co.  i;.  Edmission, 

317 
Drumm  S.  &  F.  Co.  v.  J.  Horace  Mc- 

Farland  Co.,  610 
Drummond  v.  Eau  Claire,  923,  1110 

V.  Humphreys,  834 
Drury  v.  Connor,  908 

V.  Holden,  964 

V.  Merrill,  637 

V.  Midland  R.  R.,  331o,  1165a 

V.  Reg.,  331a 

V.  Shumway,  962 
Druse  v.  Wheeler,  929 
Dryden  v.  Kellogg,  959 
Dryer  v.  Lewis,  205 
Diyfoos  V.  Uhl,  752 
Dubay  v.  Kelly,  975,  982 
Du  Belloix  v.  Lord  Waterpark,  287 
Duberley  v.  Gunning,  355,  1235 
Dubois  V.  Allen,  469 

V.  C.  Co.,  655e 

V.  Decker,  491 

V.  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Co., 
655 

V.  Glaub,  136 

V.  Hermance,  236,  240,  802 

V.  Spinks,  565 
Du  Bost  V.  Beresford,  265 
Dubuque  Lumber  Co.  v.  Kimball,  310 
Dubuque  W.  &  C.  A.  v.  Dubuque,  121d 
Duche  V.  Wilson,  603 
Ducktown  S.  C.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Barnes,  937 
Duckworth  v.  Ewart,  622 

V.  Johnson,  575 
Dudley  v.  Johnson,  915 

V.  Reynolds,  330 
Duecker  v.  Goeres,  760 
Duff  V.  Judson,  638c 
Duff  &  R.  F.  Co.  V.  Read,  359,  378 
Duffield  V.  Pike,  301c 

V.  Rosenzweig,  926,  1157 

V.  Scott,  805 

V.  Tobin,  1326 
Duffy  V.  Donovan,  918 

V.  Duncan,  311c 

V.  Frankenberg,  361 

V.  Jacobson,  1347 

I/.  Shockey,  408,  418 

i;.  Thompson,  873 
Dufort  V.  Abadie,  47,  443 


Dugan  V.  Anderson,  90,  636d,  666 
Duggan  V.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  461, 

462,  463 
Dugger  V.  Wright,  692c 
Duggleby  Bros  v.  Lewis  Roofing  Co., 

620 
Dugue  V.  Levy,  615 
Duke  p.  Missouri  Pac.  R.  R.,  171, 171a, 
483 

V.  Morning  Journal  Assoc,  368 

V.  Norfolk  &  W.  Ry.,  752 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  577, 1367 
Dukeman  v.  Cleveland,  C.  C.  &  St.  L. 

Ry.,  584o 
Dulany  v.  Nolan  County,  1143 
Du  Laurans  v.  St.  Paul  R.  R.,  363 
Dulieu  V.  White,  43a,  436,  43d,  4Sh 
Dulin  V.  Knechtel,  999/ 
DuUaghan  v.  Fitch,  412 
DuUea  v.  Taylor,  194 
Duluth  &  W.  R.  R.  V.  West,  1171 
Duluth  Furnace  Co.  v.  Iron  Belt  Min- 
ing Co.,  737 
Dumars  v.  Miller,  959,  961,  1006,  1009 
Dumois  V.  Mayor  of  New  York,  926 
Dumont  v.  Smith,  1261 
Dumont,  The,  589 
Dunbar  v.  Cowger,  482,  1370 

V.  Montgomery,  191 
Duncan  v.  Baker,  660 

V.  Blundell,  674 

V.  Brown,  449 

V.  Citizens'  Nat.  Bank,  565d 

V.  Hill,  834 

V.  Holder,  824a 

V.  Jackson,  1368 

V.  Johnson,  615 

V.  Levee  Comrs.,  1166ii 

V.  McMahan,  734 

V.  Markley,  86,  91,  924 

V.  Matney,  565a 

V.  Nassau  El.  R.  R.,  1152o,  1165c 

V.  Stalcup,  363o,  364,  365,  366 

V.  Tanner,  1012 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  93  Misc. 
500;  881a 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  87  Wis.  173; 
888 
Dunford  v.  Weaver,  554 
Dungan  v.  Von  Puhl,  909o 


TABLE    OF   CASES 


2849 


[Eeferences 

Dunham  v.  Bower,  1072 

V.  Commercial  Ins.  Co.,  715 

V.  Hastings  Pavement  Co.,  612a, 
633,  636c 

V,  Miller,  364 

V.  New  England  M.  I.  Co.,  591 

V.  Orange  L.  Co.,  615 
Dunkin  v.  Hoquiam,  1354 
Dunlap  V.  Clark,  638c,  639o 

V.  Hand,  674 

V.  International    Steamboat    Co., 
873 

V.  Snyder,  1291 

V.  Toledo,  A.  A.  &  G.  T.  Ry.,  1159 

V.  Wagner,  1255 

V.  Watson,  303 

V.  Wiseman,  346 

V.  Yoakum,  908,  909 
Dunlavey  v.  Watson,  1249 
Dunlevie  v.  Spangenberg,  734 
Dunlevy  v.  Wolferman,  1336 
Dunlop  V.  Gregory,  418 
Dunn  V.  Allen,  608,  615,  636a 

V.  Barnes,  271 

V.  Bushnell,  768 

V.  Daly,  211 

V.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  R.  R.,  844,  854 

V.  Hereford,  665 

V.  Johnson,  227 

V.  Mackey,  611,  829 

V.  Moore,  673/ 

V.  Morgenthau,  411 

V.  Patrick,  913 

V.  Smith,  45 

V.  Sutliff,  688 

V.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  4SJ 
Dunnahoe  v.  Williams,  537 
Dunnica  v.  Sharp,  1006,  1012a 
Dunning  v.  Young,  685A; 
Dunphy  v.  People,  549 

V.  Whipple,  556,  692i 
Dunseth  v.  Bank  of  the  U.  S.,  922 
Dunshee  v,  Geoghegan,  lOU,  1012 

V.  Standard  Oil  Co.,  301,  333,  373a 
Dunsworth  V.  Wood  M.  Co.,  277 
Dunton  v.  Brown,  673a 
Duplaptier  v.  Pjgman,  301 
Dupont  V.  McAdow,  638,  638a 
Dupuis  V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  252, 
1138,  1171 

179 


are  to  sections] 

Dupuis  V.  Saginaw  Valley  Tr»e.  Co., 

1354 
Dupuy  V.  Ducondu,  962 
Duran  v.  Ayer,  326,  789 
Durand  v.  Ansofiia,  1108 
Durant  v.  Banta,  695 
Durant  Mining  Co.  v.  Percy  Consol- 
idated Mining  Co.,  935 
Durell  V.  Pritchard,  12566 
Durfee  v.  Newkirk,  358 

V.  Union  Pac.  Ry.,  1342 
Durgan  v.  Boston,  1162 
Durgin  v.  Exp.  Co.,  851 

V.  Neal,  36o 
Durham  Consolidated  Land  &  Imp. 

Co.  V.  Guthrie,  1012a 
Durham  R.   R.   v.   Bullock   Church, 

1165a,  11716 
Durkee  v.  Gunn,  834a 

V.  Mott,  608,  610,  614 
Duroe  v.  Stephens,  968,  979 
Durose  V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1347 
Durst  V.  Burton,  738 

V.  Swift,  405,  417 
Durward  v.  Hubbell,  829 
Duryea  v.  Mayor,  93,  96,  317 

V.  Rayner,  753 
Duryee  v.  New  York,  316,  319 
Dusenbury  v.  Ellis,  836 
Dusb  V.  Fitzhugh,  385 
Dushane  «,  B^wdict,  766,  1040,  1058 
Duskey  v.  Green  Lake  SJjipgle  Co., 

1357 
Dustan  v.  Carter,  301c 

V.  McAndrew,  753 
Dustin  V.  Newcomer,  959,  1007 
Dustin  Co.  V.  St.  Petersburg  Ins.  Co., 

742 
Dutch  Church  v.  Ackerman,  301c 
Dutilh  V.  Gatliff,  711 
Dutro  V.  Wilson,  74 
Dutiton  V.  Solomonson,  756 
Duval  V.  Dav^,  451 
Duvall  V.  Craig,  966,  969 

V.  Ferwerda,  742a 

V.  Fuhrman,  637a,  640a 

V.  Price,  675c 
Duzan  v.  Meserve,  324o 
Dwelle  V.  Wilson,  686j 
Dwiggins  v.  Clark,  753 


2850 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Dwight  V.  Elmira  C.  &  N.  R.  R.,  933 
Dwight  Bros.  Paper  Co.  v.  Western 

Paper  Co.,  1334 
Dwinel  v.  Brown,  416 
Dwyer  v.  Carroll,  988a 

V.  Chicago,  S.  P.  M.  &  O.  Ry.,  673o 

V.  Tulane  Educational  Fund,  134 

V.  United  States,  314,  677 

V.  Woulfe,  547 
Dyar  v.  Slingerland,  345 
Dyas  V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  577,  578 
Dye  V.  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.,  860 

V.  Denham,  387 

V.  Dye,  688 

V.  Forbes,  622a 

V.  Mann,  789 
Dyer  v.  Dorsey,  410,  1008 

V.  Hutchins,  36a 

V.  Jones,  661 

V.  National  S.  N.  Co.,  118  U.  S. 
507;  597a 

V.  National  S.  N.  Co.,  14  Blatch. 
483;  596 

V.  The  National  Steamship  Co., 
596 

V.  Rich,  746 

V.  St.  Paul,  1110 

V.  Wightman,  1154o,  1157 

V.  Woodbury,  544 
Dyett  V.  Hyman,  55,  684a 
Dyke  v.   National  Transit  Co.,   363, 

383c,  503,  935 
Dyson  v.  Phelps,  4926 

E 

E.  E.  BoUes  W.  W.  Co.  v.  U,  S.,  933, 

934 
E.  E.  Thomas  Fruit  Co.  v.  Start,  674 
E.  F.  Hallock  Lumber  &  Mfg.  Co.  v. 

Gray,  4926 
E.  H.  Frost  &  Co.  v.  Powell,  1070 
E.  G.  Beechwood  Ice  Co.  v.  American 

Ice  Co.,  936 
Eachus  V.  Los  Angeles  Consolidated 

Electric  R.  R.,  1123,  1151 
Eads  V.  Murphy,  1031 
Eager  v.  Atlas  Ins.  Co.,  715 

V.  Grimwood,  471 
Eagle  V.  Charing  Cross  Ry.,  1103,  1096 


Eagle  &  P.  M.  Co.  v.  Gibson,  101 
Eagle  Distillery  v.  Hardy,  1347 
Eagle  Insurance  Co.  v.  Lafayette  In- 
surance Co.,  728 
Eagle  Iron  Works  v.  Des  Moines  S.  R. 

Co.,  762 
Eagle  Point,  The,  588,  597o 
Eagle  Tube  Co.  v.  Edward  Barr  Co., 

618 
Eaken  v.  Harrison,  673 
Eakin  v.  Scott,  405,  408,  414 
Eames  v.  Armstrong,  979 

V.  Brattleboro,  866,  172a,  574 

i;.  New    England    Worsted    Co., 
1166d 

V.  Worsted  Co.,  1119 
Earl  V.  Bull,  1072 

V.  Spooner,  681 

V.  Tupper,  234,  372 
Earle  v.  Earle,  335 

V.  Gorham  Mfg.  Co.,  538 

V.  Holdemess,  54,  4946 

V.  Sawyer,  1217 
Earley  v.  Winn,  451 
Early  v.  Friend,  304,  307,  908,  909a 
Earnest  v.  Express  Co.,  851 
Earp  V.  Lilly,  377a 
East  V.  Pace,  59 
East  &  West  India  D.  &  B.  J.  Ry.  v. 

Gattke,  2 
East  AngUan  Ry.  v.  Lythgoe,  668 
East  Brandywine  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Ranck, 

1142 
East  Hartford  v.  Hartford  Bridge  Co., 

1187 
East  India  Co.  v.  Evans,  1288 
East  India,  etc.,  Co.  v.  Gattke,  1090 
East  Jersey  Co.  v.  Slingerland,  1345 
East  Jersey  W.  Co.  v.  Bigelow,  182,  949 
East  Line  &  R.  R.  Ry.  v.  Smith,  1367 
East  Moline  Co.  v.  Weir  Plow  Co.,  107a, 

109,  413 
East  Penn.  R.  R.  v.  Heister,  1167,  1179 

V.  Hottenstine,  1142 
East  S.  L.  C.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Illinois  S.  Co., 

252,  253 
East  St.  Louis  v.  Lockhead,  1121 

V.  Wiggins  Ferry  Co.,  1121 
East  St.  Louis  E.  S.  R,  R.  v.  Burns, 
573o 


TABLE   Oi^   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2851 


East  Tennessee  Land  Co.  i;.  Leeson,  334 
East  Tenn.  V.  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Fleetwood, 
380 

V.  Hale,  854 

V.  Herrman,  852 

V.  Johnson,  316,  846,  854 

V.  Lee,  368 

V.  Lockhart,  1216 

V.  Staub,  90,  666a,  170 

V.  Toppins,  573 
East  Tennessee  &  V.  R.  R.  v.  Love, 

1148 
East  Texas  F.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Brown,  302 
Easter  v.  Foster,  691a 
Easterbrook  v.  Erie  R.  R.,  947 
Easterly  Mach.  Co.  v.  Spencer,  990a 
Eastern  Ice  Co.  v.  King,  762 
Eastern  R.  R.  v.  Benedict,  497,  736 

V.  Tuteur,  618 
Eastern  Texas  R.  R.  v.  Eddings,  1143, 

1171c 
Easterwood  v.  Quin,  448d 
Eastland  v.  Caldwell,  451 
Eastman  v.  Harris,  499 

V.  Mayor,  251 

V.  Mayor  of  New  York,  1328 

V.  Sanborn,  226o,  228 
Easton  v.  Cressey,  1012a 

V.  Erie  R.  R.,  854 

V.  Houston,  etc.,  R.  R.,  312 

V.  New  York,  etc.,  Ry.,  685 

V.  P.  &  O.  Canal  Co.,  412 

V.  Vandom,  334 
Eastwick  v.  Saylor,  911 
Eatman  v.  New  Orleans  P.  Ry.,  234, 

359 
Eaton  V.  Bell,  344 

V.  Boissonnault,  325 

V.  Boston,    Concord   &   Montreal 
Railroad,  1110,  1117 

V.  Gladwell,  556,  657 

V.  Kelly,  692i 

V.  Knowles,  959 

V.  Lambert,  801 

V.  Langley,  534 

V.  Larimer  &  W.  R.  Co.,  685 

V.  Lyman,  24  Wis.  438;  979 

V.  Lyman,  26  Wis.  61;  961 

V.  Lyman,  30  Wis.  41;  98,  973 

V.  Melius,  303,  704,  1297 


Eaton  V.  Redick,  1012a 

V.  Tallmadge,  979 
Eaves  v.  Blaenclydach  Colliery  Co., 

675a 
Ebenreitter  v.  Dahlman,  18  Misc.  351; 
248a,  497 

V.  Dahlman,  19  Misc.  9;  182,  189 
Eberg  v.  Heisler,  1006 
Eberhart  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P,  R.  R., 

1125a,  1149 
Ebert  v.  Mutual  R.  F.  L.  Assoc,  730 
Eby  V.  Schumacher,  565 
Eccles  V.  Radam,  446 

V.  Stephenson,  814,  831 
Echols  V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  246 
Eckels  V.  Boylan,  1354 

11.  Edison,  1356 
Eckenrode  v.  Chemic?!  Co.,  613 
Ecker  v.  Cottrell,  624 
Eckerd  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  171 
Eckert  v.  Wilson,  295 
Eckington  &  S.  H.  Ry.  v.  McDevitt,  18 
D.  C.  App.  Cas.  497;  620 

V.  McDevitt,  191  U.  S.  103;  630 
Eckles  V.  Carter,  1071 
Eckstein  v.  Whitehead,  837 
Economy  L.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Cutting,  937 
Eddings  v.  Seabrook,  1169 
Eddington  v.  Nix,  968,  979 
Eddowes  v.  Hopkins,  1276 
Eddy  V.  Clement,  646a,  1061 

V.  Coffin,  988a 

V.  Fay  Fruit  Co.,  742a 

V.  Harris,  862 

V.  Lafayette,  845 
Eddystone,  The,  599 
Eden  v.  Lexington  R.  R.,  573,  573a 
Edenton  v.  Dickinson,  334 
Edgar  v.  Castello,  575 

V.  Joseph  Breck  &  Sons  Co.,  768 

V.  Newall,  451 
Edge  V.  Griffin,  641a 
Edgerton  v.  Clark,  906 

V.  Page,  1058 
Edington  v.  Pickle,  650 
Edmands  v.  Boston,  1157 
Edminson  v.  Baxter,  844 
Edmison  v.  Sioux  Falls  Water  Co.,  685c 
Edmonds  v.  Edmonds,  692 

V.  Shehan,  807a 


2852 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[ReferenceB  are  to  sections] 


Edmondson  v.  Hyde,  271 

V.  Machell,  472,  474 
Edmundson  v.  Nuttall,  60,  80 
Edsall  V.  Howell,  933 
Edward  v.  Clark,  970,  976,  978 
Edwards  v.  Bates  County,  346 

V.  Beebe,  178 

V.  Bodine,  685^,  685re 

ti.  Cheyenne,  253 

V.  Collson,  762 

V.  Dickinson,  262 

V.  Edwards,  685,  685o 

V.  Erwin,  101 

V.  Hood-Barrs,  36a 

V.  Kansas  City  Times  Co.,  451 

V.  Leavitt,  386 

V.  Moody,  334 

V.  Pope,  685^ 

V.  Reynolds,  1278 

V.  Ricks,  362 

V.  San  Jose  Printing,  etc.,  Co.,  451 

».  Seattle  R.  &  S.  Ry.,  1360 

V.  Todd,  1068 

V.  Van  Patten,  997 

V.  Weissinger,  489 

V.  White,  692y 

V.  Wiester,  1258 

V.  WilUams,  399,  413,  426 
Eells  V.  St.  Louis,  K.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  851 
Effinger  v.  Kenney,  278 
Efroymson  v.  Smith,  1336 
Efta  V.  Swason,  978 
Egan  V.  British  M.  I.  Co.,  714 

V.  Browne,  9906 

V.  Dry  Dock,  E.  B.  &  B.  R.  R., 
1347 

V.  Martin,  976 

V.  Yeaman,  972 
Eggert  V.  Pratt,  1011 
Eggett  V.  Allen,  1337 
Eginoire  v.  Union  County,  580 
Ehmer  v.  Title  Guarantee  &  T.  Co., 

831a 
Ehreb  v.  Schuylkill  R.  E.  S.  R.  R.,  1164 
Ehrgott  V.  Mayor,  122,  1270o 
Ehrman  v.  Brooklyn  City  R.  R.,  1356 

V.  Stanfield,  685 
Eichar  v.  Kistler,  476 
Eichbaum  v.  Caldwell  Bros.  Co.,  735c 
Eichhorn  v.  Central  R.  R.,  1356 


Eicholz  «.  Bannister,  774 

V.  Niagara  Falls  H.  P.  &  M.  Co., 
1354 
Eilerman  v.  Farmer,  1348 
Einolf  V.  Thomson,  1326 
Einstein  v.  Dunn,  497(i 
Eisele  v.  Oddie,  218 
Eisendrath  v.  Knauer,  80 
Eisenhart  v.  Ordean,  387 
Eisenlohr  v.  Swain,  138 
Eiswald  v.  Southern  Express  Co.,  109 
Ekins  V.  East  India  Co.,  275,  317 
Ekstrand  v.  Barth,  643 
Ela  V.  Card,  959 

V.  French,  623,  817 
Elba  V.  BuUard,  226/,  485a,  476 
Elbert  County  v.  Swift,  1123a 
Elbin  V.  Wilson,  365 
Elbinger  Actien-Gesellschaft    v.    Arm- 
strong, 161,  740 
Elder  v.  Kutner,  682,  682o,  683 

V.  Lykens  V.  C.  Co.,  932 

V.  Sabin,  685^ 

V.  True,  962 
Eldon  V.  North-Eastern  Ry.,  1081 
Eldorado  M.  &  S.  W.  Ry.  v.  Everett, 

1138 
Eldred  v.  Eames,  304 
Eldridge  v.  Crow,  793a 

V.  Gorman,  107a,  933,  934 

V.  Mather,  1046 

V.  Rowe,  656 

V.  Wadleigh,  774 
Electric  Co.  v.  Battery  Co.,  109 
Electric  S.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Consolidated 

L.  &  R.  Co.,  614 
Elfenbeim  v.  Abbondanza,  623 

V.  Von  HafMi, 
Elgin  V.  Joslyn,  655 
Elgin  W.  P.  &  P.  Co.  V.  Nichols,  1243 
Elias  V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1208 
Eliot  V.  Allen,  1276 
EUza  Lines,  The,  324 
Elizabeth,  The,  675 
Elizabeth  v.  Nicholson  Pavement  Co., 
1237 

V.  Pavement  Co.,  1230, 1231, 1243 
Elizabethtown  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Geoghegan 
412 

V.  Helm's  Heirs,  1138d 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2853 


EKzabethtown  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Pottinger, 

613,  615,  1290,  1293 
Elizabethtown,  L.  &  B.  S.  R.  R.  v. 
Catlettsburg,  Water  Co.,  1123 

V.  Combs,  95 
Elizabethtown,    L.    &    S.    R.    R.    v. 
Combs,  1165 

V.  Tierney,  1138d 
Elkhart  v.  Ritter,  484,  485a 
Elkhart  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Waldorf,  95 
Elkhart  M.  A.  Assoc,  v.  Houghton,  732 
Elkhart  Rubber  Works  v,  Neff,  667 
Elkin  V.  Moore,  307 

V.  People,  692d 
Ell  V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  316,  319 
EUer  V.  Carolina  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  45a,  84 
EUery  v.  Cunningham,  305 
EUesmere  Brewery  Co.  v.  Cooper,  807a 
EUet  V.  Paxon,  1009,  1023 
Ellick  «>.  Wilson,  43h 
EUiff  V.  Oregon  R.  &  N.  Co.,  121& 
Ellington  v.  Bennett,  253,  942 
Elliot  V.  Heath,  1066 
Elliott  V.  Bankston,  987 

V.  Barry,  1252 

V.  Beeson,  345 

V.  Caldwell,  659 

V.  Pitchburg  R.  R.,  940 

V.  Herz,  363 

V.  Hughes,  745 

V.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.,  685j 

V.  Newport  St.  Ry.,  1356 

V.  Rossell,  844 

V.  Russell,  487 

V.  Van  Buren,  1216,  372,  386 

V.  Walker,  834 

V.  Wilkinson,  660,  662 
Ellis  V.  Albany  City  Ins.  Co.,  726 

V.  Allen,  565,  692i 

V.  American  T.  Co.,  876 

V.  Barlow,  439a 

V.  Bible,  325 

V.  Brockton  Pub.  Co.,  358 

V.  Chinnock,  772 

V.  Cleveland,  43^ 

V.  Durkee,  1266 

V.  Fips,  767 

V.  Gosney,  774 

V.  Hamlen,  659 

V.  Hilton,  226a 


Ellis  V.  Howard,  567 

V.  Jeans,  911 

V.  Kansas  City,  S.  J.  &  C.  B.  R.  R., 
948 

V.  Pond,  834 

V.  Salmon,  1011,  1256e 

V.  State,  1275 

V.  Welch,  1154a 

V.  Willard,  636 

V.  Wire,  502,  516a,  936 
Ellison  V.  Dove,  606a,  626 

V.  Johnson,  762 

V.  Simons,  762 
EUithorpe  A.  B.  Co.  v.  Sire,  607,  753 
EUmaker  v.  Franklin  F.  I.  Co-,  720 
EUsler  v.  Brooks,  106,  670 
Ellsworth  V.  Chicago  &  1.  W.  Ry.,  1154 

V.  Potter,  373 

i;.  Railway,  1148 

t).  Fau-bury,  1371 
Ellsworth,  M.  N.  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Gates, 
1156 

V.  Maxwell,  1148 
EUyson  v.  Lord,  692y 

V.  International  &  G.  N.  R.  R.,  113 
Elmendorf  v.  Classen,  619 
Elmer  v.  Fessenden,  67 
Elmira  Iron  &  Steel  Rolling  Mill  Co.  v. 

Elmira,  325 
Ehnore  v.  Booth,  1039 

V.  Naugatuck  R.  R.,  846 

V.  Rugely,  406 
Elms  V.  Southern  Power  Co.,  385 

V.  Wright-Blodgett  Co.,  68574,  685^ 
El  Paso  &  N.  E.  Ry.  u.  Lumbley,  846 

V.  Sawyer,  860 
El  Paso  &  S.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Eichel  & 
Weikel,  611 

e.  Muftle,  1367 
EI  Paso  El.  Ry.  v.  Furber,  45fe 

V.  Murphy,  4S5(i 

V.  Shaklee,  1355 

V.  Sierra,  1257,  1365 
El  Paso  S.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Barrett,  1270 
Elphland  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  67 
Else  V.  Ferris,  449 
Elser  V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  222,  865, 

1342 
Elshire  v.  Schuyler,  573,  1251 
Elswick  Steamship  Co.  v.  Montaldi,  851 


2854 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Elwell  V.  Skiddy,  66,  1041,  1068 
Elwood  V.  Addison,  575 

V.  Deifendorf,  797 

V.  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co., 
878 
Elwood  Planing  Mills  Co.  v.  Harting, 

620,  646o,  762 
Ely  V.  Parsons,  109 

V.  Rochester,  1182 

V.  Stannard,  440 
Elzy  V.  Adams  Express  Co.,  165 
Emblen  v.  Myers,  360,  368 
Emblin  v.  Dartnell,  1277 
Embrey  v.  Owen,  100 
Emeric  v.  Tams,  334 
Emerson  v.  Atwater,  311 

V.  Booth,  689a 

V.  Howland,  667 

V.  Miller,  449,  1335 

V.  Pacific  C.  &  N.  P.  Co.,  92  Minn. 
523;  834c 

V.  Pacific  C.  &  N.  P.  Co.,  96  Minn. 
1;  162,  200,  633 

V.  Prov.  H.  M.  Co.,  798 

V.  Schoonmaker,  316,  320 

V.  Simm,  1211,  1219 

V.  Skidmore,  324a,  370 

V.  Western  Union  R.  R.,  1177 
Emery  v.  Boston  &  M.  R,  R.,  1216,  483 

V.  Boyle,  416 

V.  LoweU,  42,  226/,  948 

V.  Phila.,  581 

V.  Smith,  651,  6735 
Emigh  V.  Baltimore,  &  Ohio  Railroad, 

1225 
Emilie,  The,  595 
Emily,  The,  v.  Carney,  844 
Emily  Souder,  The,  271 
Emlen  v.  Lehigh  Coal,  etc.,  Co.,  3406 
Emma  Kate  Ross,  The,  593 
Emmerich  v.  Chegany,  620 
Emmerson  v.  Dardanelle  Bank,  439e 
Emmitt  v.  Brophy,  334 
Emmons  v.  Alvord,  4706 

V.  Quaid,  226; 
Emory  v.  Addis,  1248 
Emory  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Salomon,  741 
Empie  v.  Empie,  90,  636i 
Empire  Dairy  Feed  Co.  v.  Chatham 
Nat.  Bank,  1032 


Empire  G.  M.  Co.  v.  Bonanza  G.  M. 
Co.,  imd 

V.  Jones,  974 
Empire  Mill  Co.  v.  Lovell,  60 
Empire  Realty  Corp.  v.  Sayre,  1006 
Empire  S.  C.  Co.  v.  Atchison,  T.  &  S. 

F.  Ry.,  119 
Emporia  Lumber  Co.  v.  League,  934 
Empress  Eugenie,  The,  594 
Empson  v.  Griffin,  1278 
Emrich  V.  Ireland,  901,  910 
Endel  v.  Norris,  494 
Enders  v.  Board  of  PubUc  Works,  313a, 

747 
Enfield  V.  Colbum,  442 
Engel  V.  Fitch,  L.  R.  3  Q.  B.  314,  334; 
1003,  1007 

V.  Fitch,  10  B.  &  S.  738, 743;  1018 
Engell  V.  Fitch,  1295 
Engelman  v.  Metropolitan  St.  R.  R., 

226/ 
Engelsdorft  v.  Sire,  984,  984a 
Engine  Co.  v.  Du  Bois,  182 
Engineering  Co.  v.  Broadman,  752a 
England  v.  Slade,  901 
Engle  V.  Jones,  363,  363a,  364,  365 

V.  Simmons,  43i 
Engleken  v.  Hilger,  1252 

V.  Webber,  1251 
Englert  v.  New  Orleans  R.  &  L.  Co., 

1371 
English  V.  Clerry,  1369 

V.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co.,  865 

V.  Harvey,  301c 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  124 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  574a 

V.  Spokane  Com.  Co.,  762 

V.  Thomason,  973 

V.  Wilson,  656 
Engstrom  v.  Merriam,  984 
Engvall  V.  Des  Moines  City  Ry.,  1367 
Enid  &  A.  Ry.  v.  Wiley,  932 
Enlow  V.  Hawkins,  143 
Ennis  v.  Buckeye  Pub.  Co.,  90,  613,  615 

V.  Pulhnan  P.  C.  Co.,  650 

V.  Shiley,  1251 
Eno  V.  Christ,  932 
Enoch  V.  Mining  &  P.  Co.,  1258 

V.  Spokane  Falls,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1143o, 
1154a 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2855 


'  [References 

Enos  V.  Enos,  445,  446 

Enos  Kre  Escape  Co.  «.  Lanagan,  1351 

Ensley  v.  Ensley,  301c 

V.  Nashville,  933 
Enterprise  Loan  Bldg.  Society  v.  Balin, 

303 
Enterprise  Lumber  Co.  v.  Porter,  1122 
Enterprise  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Campbell,  742 
Entzminger  v.  Seaboard  A.  L.  Ry.,  1326 
Epenbaugh  v.  Gooch,  6856 
Ephland  v.  Mo.  Pao.  R.  R.,  860 
Epperly  v.  Bailey,  656,  1048 

V.  Little,  1258 
Eppinger  v.  Canepa,  3116 
Epstein  v.  U.  S.  Fidelity  Co.,  682a 
Equitable  B.  &  L.  Assoc,  v.  Bank  of 

Commerce,  120 
Equitable  F.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Quinn,  722 
Equitable  G.  L.  Co.  v.  Baltimore,  C.  T. 

&  M.  Co.,  742a 
Equitable  Life  Assur.  Soc.  v.  Lester, 

123 
Equitable  Mort.  Co.  v.  Thorn,  168,  622 
Erb  V.  Fidelity  Ins.  Co.,  726 
Erben  v.  LorUlard,  671 
Erber  v.  Dun,  448a 
Erd  V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  1296 
Ericius  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  1367 
Erickson  v.  Bennet,  1017 

V.  Brooklyn  Heights  Ry.,  1356 

V.  Green,  419 
Erie  &  P.  R.  Ry.  v.  Douthet,  250 

V.  Johnson,  636A 
Erie  C.  I.  W.  v.  Barber,  121d,  178,  646, 
767 

v.  Tatum,  762,  773 
Erie  Co.  N.  G.  &  F.  Co.,  Ld.,  v.  Carroll, 

226^1 
Erie  R.  R.  V.  Erie  &  W.  T.  Co.,  588 
Erie  Ry.  v.  Lockwood,  317,  846 
Erie  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Grimes,  880 

V.  Kennedy,  383a 
Ernest  v.  StoUer,  816 
Ernst  V.  Hogue,  691c 
Eroe,  The,  67 
Erskine  v.  Johnson,  655 

V.  Van  Arsdale,  303,  340 
Erwin  v.  Bowman,  565 

V.  Harris,  734 

V.  Neversink  S.  B.  Co.,  1367 


are  to  sections] 

Erwin  v.  St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  5716 
Esch  V.  Chicago,  M.  «&;  St.  P.  R.  R., 

1171 
Eschbach  v.  Hughes,  155,  992 
Escher  v.  Carroll  County,  482a 
Escondido  G.  &  D.  Co.  v.  Glaser,  416, 

999/ 
Escopinche  v.  Stewart,  841 
Escott  V.  White,  567,  660 
Eshleman  v.  Bolenius,  808a 

V.  Martic,  932,  947 
Esmond  v.  Brown,  301c 

V.  Van  Benschoten,  416 
Espy  V.  Jones,  639,  641 
Esseltyne  v.  Elmore,  857 
Essex  V.  Daniell,  1026 

V.  Local  Board  of  Acton,  1091, 1102 
Essex's  Estate,  In  re,  3116 
Essex  M.  Co.  v.  Pacific  Mills,  734 
Estabrook  v.  Smith,  67,  979 
Estebene  v.  Estebene,  339a 
Estell  V.  Myers,  54  Misc.  174;  439 

I).  Myers,  56  Misc.  800;  777,  1053 
Estep  V.  Fenton,  656 

V.  Morton,  1046 
Esterly  v.  Cole,  310 
Estes  V.  Chesney,  565,  565a 

V.  Desnoyers  Shoe  Co.,  667 

V.  Odom,  1028 
Estill  V.  New  York,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R., 

852 
Esty  V.  Baker,  91 
Etches  V.  Aldan,  714 
Eten  V.  Luyster,  71,  1216,  218,  9906 
Etheridge  v.  Binney,  302o 
Etherington  v.  Prospect  P.  &  C.   I. 

R.  R.,  574a 
Etnyre  v.  McDaniel,  326 
Etringham  v.  Earhart,  490 
EttUnger  v.  WeiU,  1027 
Eufaula  v.  Simmons,  95,  948 
Eupes  V.  Nephue,  387 
Eureka  Fertilizer  Co.  v.  Baltimore  C. 

S.  &.  R.  Co.,  1042 
Eureka  Marble  Co.  v.  Windsor  Mfg. 

Co.,  226 
Europe,  The,  597 
Eva  V.  McMahon,  426a 
Evans  v.  Bennett,  668 

V.  Brander,  555,  678 


2856 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
IReferences  are  to  sections] 


■Evans  v.  Chapel,  324a 

V.  Chicago  &  R.  I.  R.  R.,  613 

V.  CiBcinnati,  S.  &  M.  Ry.,  194 

V.  Elliott,  633 
.  V.  Fisher,  334 
'   p.'FbrSter,  857  ■'  ' 

V.  Fulton,  965,  966,  973 

V.  Harrtis,  1271 

V.  Hugh^J^- 1042 

V.  lowa^City,  1353 

V.  Irvin,  12'r2 

I).  Keystoiie  Gas  Co.,  933 

V.  Ky^dr,  256,  999? 

V.  Min.  Co.,  316 

V.  Moseley,  413,  414 

V.  Murphy,  182,  990 

V.  Oregon  Short  Line  R.  R.,  574o 

V.  Rice,  326 

V.  Root,  824 

V.  Rudy,  850 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  ISO 

V.  Smith,  448d 

V.  Trenton,  673e 

V.  Western  Brass  Mfg.  Co.,  310 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  881,  883 

V.  White,  334 
Evansich  v.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  486c 
Evansville  &  J.  H.  R.  R.  v.  McKinney, 

851 
.  Evansville  &  R.  R.  R.  v.  Charlton,  1154 
Evansville  &  T.  H.  R.  R.  v.  Talbot, 
1337 

V.  Welch,  117 
Evansville  El.  Ry. ».  Lerch,  1347 
Evansville  H.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Bailey,  482, 

4^4,  485 
Evansville  R.  R.  v.  Cochran,  1167 

V.  Fitzpatrick,  1167 

V.  Stringef,  1167 

V.  Swift,  1149 
Evarts  v.  Santa  Barbara  C.  R.  Co.,  578 
Eve  V.  Rodgers,  637 
Eveleigh  V.  Stitt,  959 
Evelyn  v.  Raddish,  994 
Evening  News  Association  v.  Tryon, 

453 
Evening  Post  Co.  v.  Hunter,  448c 

V.  Rhea,  448c,  1335 
Everest  v.  Buffalo  L.  O.  Co.,  1233 
Everett  v.  Gores,  89  Wis.  421;  333,  934a 


Everett  v.  Gores,  92  Wis.  627;  934o 

V.  O'Leary,  817 

V.  State,  688a 

tr.  Union  P.  R.  R.,  253 
Everroad  v.  Qabbert,  36o 
Evers  v.  Weil,  1347 

V.  Wig^ns  Ferry  Co.,  1348 
Everson  v.  Powers,  666,  667 

V.  Seller,  499 
Evertson  v.  Sutton,  1343 
Evetts  V.  Tendick,  909a 
Eviston  V.  Cramer,  378,  380 
Evrit  V.  Bancroft,  1023 
Ewalt  V.  Gray,  914 
Ewalis  V.  Wilmington  C.  Ry.,  483,  484, 

485 
Ewart  V.  Kerr,  493a 
Ewart  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Baldwin  C.  C.  Co., 

1222 
Ewell  V.  Daggs,  327 
Ewen  V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  575, 580 
Ewing  V.  Blount,  58,  515 

V.  Handley,  909a 

V.  Ingrato,  673/ 

n.  Janson,  664,  674 

V.  Louisville,  66 

V.  Pittsburgh,  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry.,  43o, 
43d,  43fe 

V.  Reilly,  692/,  795,  801 
Excelsior  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Royal  Ins.  Co., 

725 
Excelsior  Needle  Co.  v.  Smith,  106 
Excelsior  Terra  Cotta  Co.  v.  Harde, 

3146 
Exchange  Bank  v.  Appalachian  Land  & 
Lumber  Co.,  695c 

V.  Gaitskill,  '777 
Explorer,  The,  599 
Eyennan  v>  Provenchere,  332 


F.  E.  Wilcox  V.  James  Campbell,  220 
F.  M.  Davis  I.  W.  Co.  v.  White,  1331 
Fabbri  v.  Kalbfleisch,  273 
Fabbricotti  v.  Launitz,  1048 
Factors'  Ins.  Co.  v.  New  Harbor  Pro- 
tection Co.,  334 
Fadner  v.  Filer,  1337 
Fogan  V.  Hook,  6556 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2857 


Fagan  v.  Whitcomb,  999fe 

Fagen  v.  Davison,  1017 

Fagnan  v.  Knox,  457,  458,  459 

Fahey  v.  Frawley,  800 

Fahlbusch  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 

1371 
Fahy  v.  North,  655c 
Fail  V.  MoRee,  636j 

V.  Presley,  317,  435a 

V.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  45a,  894 
Faile  v.  Crawford,  301& 
Fair  v.  Himmel,  1345 

V.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  485 
Fairbank  Co.  v.  Bahre,  924 
Fairbanks  v.  Rtchburg,  1171 

V.  Kerr,  128 

V.  Witter,  234,  360 
Fairbanks,  Morse  &  Co.  v.  Midvale 

Co.,  750 
Fairchild  v.  California  S.  Co.,  41,  47 

V.  Rich,  36a 

V.  Rogers,  834a 
Fairchild-Gilmore- Wilton  Co.  v.  South- 
em  Refining  Co.,  734 
Faires  v.  Cockerell,  807 
Fairfax  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

251,  873 
Fairfield  v.  Baldwin,  549 

V.  Jeffreys,  613 
Fairley  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  892 
Fairlie  v.  Lawson,  678 
Fairman  v.  Fluck,  1057 
Faivre  v.  Mandersohied,  1251,  1309 
Fake  v.  Eddy,  339 
Falardeau  v.  Couture,  359 
Falconer  v.  Roberts,  906 
Falender  v.  Blackwell,  1367 
Fales  V.  Easthampton,  1171 

V.  Hemenway,  633a,  636g,  636i  , 

V.  McKoen,  762 
,  Falk  V  Fletcher,  497 

V.  Waterman,  233,  234 
Falkner.ti.  Hendy,  310a 

V.  Woodard,  973 
Fall  V.  McMurdy,  1028 
Fall   River  Nat.   Bank  v.   BuflBnton, 

708 
Fall  River  Print  Works  v.  Fall  River, 

1112a 
Falldin  v.  Seattle,  1360 


Fallenstein  v.  Boothe,  1326 

Fallon  V.  Manning,  77,  6916 

Falvey  v.  Standford,  1368 

Fancher  v.  Goodman,  755 

Faneuil   Hall   Ins.   Co.   v.   Liverpool 

Ins.  Co.,  728 
Fanjoy  v.  Portland,  1336 
Fanning  v.  Osborne,  1194 
Farbenfabriken  of   Elberfield  Co,   v. 

Beringer,  43fc,  443 
Farber  v.  National  Forge  &  Iron  Co., 

695 
Fargo  V.  Browning  1154c 
Fargo  Gas  &  Coke  Co.  v.  Fargo  Gas 

&  Electric  Co.,  777,  1027 
Faris  V.  Lewis,  125,  441,  769 
Farish  v.  Reigle,  1326 
Farkas  v.  Towns,  64 
Farley  v.  Charleston,  171o 

V.  Craig,  999d 

V.  Gate  City  G.  L.  Co.,  93,  947 

V.  Union  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
Farman  v.  Lauman,  386 
Farmer  v.  Cedar  Rapids,  1112a 

V.  Parmer,  341 

V.  Francis,  655e,  656 

V.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  67a 

V.  Randel,  1030 
Farmers'  &  C.  B.  L.  &  S.  Assoc,  v.  Rec- 
tor, 1023 
Farmers'  &  M.  Bank  v.  Maines,  549 
Farmers'  &  M.  I.  Co.  v.  Cuff,  723o 
Farmers'  Bank  v.  Calk,  344 

V.  Glenn,  977,  979 

V.  McKee,  506,  506o 

V.  Reynolds,  340 
Farmers'  C.  M.  Co.  v.  Albermarle  R. 

R.,  122,  948 
Farmers'   L.   &  T.   Co.   v.   Northern 
Pac.  R.  R.,  326 

V.  Toledo  A.  A.  &  N.   M.  Ry., 
571a 
Farmers'  Mut.  Ins.  Co.  v.  New  Hol- 
land Turnpike  Co.,  724 
Farmers'  Turnpike  v.  Coventry,  543 
Famham  v.  Moor,  6916 

V.  Ross,  419 
Famsworth  v.  Boardman,  789 

V.  Garrard,  664a,  1036 

V.  Rockland,  11666 


2858 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Famsworth  v.  Western  U.  T-  Co.,  53 
Hun  636;  70,  366,  385 

V.  Western  U.   T.   Co.,   6  N.   Y. 
Supp.  735;  926 
Farnum  v.  Peterson,  968,  979 
Farr  v.  Griffith,  620,  999 

V.  Newman,  557 

V.  Rasco,  451 

V.  Ward,  289 
Farrand  v.  Bouchell,  310 
Farrand  &   V.   O.   Co.   v.   Board   of 

Church  Extension,  537 
Farrant  v.  Olmius,  395 
Farrar  v.  Brackett,  468 

V.  Christy,  677 

V.  Eash,  537 

V.  Midland  Electric  R.  R.,  1152 

V.  Nightingal,  975 

V.  United  States,  6926 
Farrar  Lumber  Co.  v.  T.  H.  Johnston 

&  Co.,  1039 
Farrel  v.  Colwell,  252,  433 
Farrell  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  1367 

V.  School  Dist.,  667 
Farrell  Lumber  Co.  v.  Deshon,  968 
Farrely  v.  Cincinnati,  35 
Farrer  v.  Caster,  742 
Farrington  v.  Cheponis,  1270 

V.  Payne,  856 
Farris  v.  Ware,  1027a 
Farson  v.  Gilbert,  691a 
Farwell  v.  Bean,  962 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  1171 

V.  City  of  Cambridge,  1129,  1149 

V.  Davis,  850 

V.  Price,  825 

V.  Sturdivant,  345 

V.  Warren,  51  111.  467;  929a 

V.  Warren,  70  111.  28;  363,  383c, 
388 
Fasholt  V.  Reed,  3016 
Easier  v.  Beard,  416,  972 
Fatjo  V.  Seidel,  1335 
Faucette  v.  New  Orleans,  302a 
Faulkenau  v.  Rowland,  1367 
Faulkner  v.  Bartley,  554a 

V.  Closter,  109,  734 

V.  Davis,  484,  1345 

i>.  South  P.  R.  R.,  854 

V.  State,  692i 


Faulkner  v.  White,  695 
Faunce  v.  Burke,  419 
Fauntleroy  v.  Hannibal,  346 
Faurot  v.  Gates,  8076 
Faust  V.  Pope,  932 
Favar  v.  Riverview  Park,  189 
Favor  v.  Philbrick,  856a 
Favorita,  The,  18  Wall.  598;  593 
Favorita,  The,  4  Ben.  132;  592 
Favorite  v.  Cottrill,  361 
Favorite,  The,  598 
Faw  V.  Marsteller,  268 
Fawcett  v.  Purcell,  304 

V.  Woods,  959,  979 
Fay  V.  Allen,  1238 

V.  AlUance  Ins.  Co.,  714 

«>.  Bradley,  339a 

V.  Brewer,  72 

V.  Guynon,  90,  636^,  636i 

V.  Haven,  106 

V.  Parker,  353,  356,  358,  386 

V.  Swan,  47,  372 
Fayetteville  &  L.  R.  R.  v.  Combs, 
1155,  1165c 

V.  Hunt,  1154 
Feagin  v.  Beaseley,  762,  772 
Feamster  v.  Withrow,  801 
Fears  v.  MerrUl,  912 
Feaster  v.  Richland  Cotton  MiUs,  614, 

642 
Featherston  v.  Wilkinson,  843 
Feaver  v.  Montreal  Tel.  Co.,  878 
Feddeck  v.  St.  Louis  Car  Co.,  1353 
Feder  v.  Gass,  736 
Federal  I.  &  B.  Bed  Co.  v.  Hock,  633 
Federal  Lumber  Co.  v.  Reece,  6226 
Fee  V.  Orient  Fertilizing  Co.,  669 
Feehan  v.  Hallman,  734 
Feeney  v.  Bardsley,  657,  659 

V.  Long  Island  R.  R.  Co.,  171a, 
172,  483 
Feeter  v.  Heath,  308a,  834 
Fehlinger  v.  Boos,  411 
Feige  v.  Burt,  257 
Feize  v.  Thompson,  98 
Feland  v.  Berry,  161 
Feldman  v.  Levy,  1326 
Felkner  v.  Scarlet,  473 
Fell  V.  McHenry,  80 

V.  MuUer,  734 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


2859 


[References 

Fell  f .  Newberry,  614 

V.  Northern  Pae.  R.  R.,  380,  484, 
866 

V.  Rich,  H.  C.  M.  Co.,  47 

V.  Union  Pac.  Ry.,  317 
Feller  v.  McKillip,  317 
Fellowes  v.  New  Haven,  1108 

V.  Gihnan,  692 
Fellrath    ti.    Peoria    German    School 

Assn.,  36a 
Fells  V.  Vestvali,  664 
Felsch  V.  Babb,  1354 
Felt  V.  Puget  S.  E.  Ry.,  577,  1367 
Felton  V.  Fuller,  58,  316,  432o,  565a 

V.  Smith,  704 
Felts  V.  ColUns,  83a 
Fenelon  v.  Butts,  462,  464,  466 
Fenley  v.  Kendall,  325 
Fenn  v.  Dugdale,  705 
Fenster  v.  Bass,  407 
FeUstermaker   v.   Tribune   Pub.    Co., 

451 
Fenton  v.  Braden,  762a 
Fentz  V.  Meadows,  1254 
Fenwick  v.  RatcUff,  3406 

V.  Robinson,  715 
Ferguson  v.  Baker,  691c 

V.  Buchell,  55  " 

V.  Buckell,  933 

V.  Davis  Co.,  47 

V.  Day,  531a 

V.  Ehret,  1363 

V.  Evening   Chronicle   Pub.   Co., 
361 

V.  Firmenich  Mfg.  Co.,  948 

V.  Hosier,  762 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  865 

V.  Tobey,  1293 

V.  Truax,  1354 

V.  Wilson,  1256b 
Fergusson    v.    Anglo-Amer.    T.    Co., 

154,  890 
Femander  v.  Dunn,  301b,  959,  981,  982 
Fern  wood  M.  H.  A.  v.  Jones,  432a, 

990a 
Fero  V.  Ruscoe,  447 
Ferrand  v.  Boushel,  603 
Ferrea  v.  Chabot,  312 

V.  Tubbs,  336 
Ferrer  v.  Beale,  29 


are  to  sections] 

Ferrerro  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  885 
Ferrier  v.  Shoenberg  Mercantile  Co., 

486b 
Ferringer  v.  Crowley,  O.  &  M.  Co., 

1353 
Ferris  v.  Comstock,  191,  768 

V.  Hard,  324a,  325 

V.  Spooner,  636(i 

V.  U.  S.,  615 
Ferry  v.  Diabenstadt,  976 

V.  Ferry,  343 
Fessenden  v.  Forest  Paper  Co.,  1041 
Fessler  v.  Love,  695,  734, 1031 
Fessman  v.  Seeley,  405,  414 
Fetter  v.  Beale,  84 
Fettretch  v.  Leamy,  924 
Fewings  v.  Tisdal,  668 
Fewings,  Ex  parte,  330,  334 
Fiala  v.  Ainsworth,  694 
Fidelity  &  C.  Co.  v.  Seattle,,  932 
Fidelity   &    Casualty   Co.    v.    South- 
ern Ry.  News  Co.,  226 
Fidelity  &  D.  Co.  v.  Colvin,  679a 

V.  Tinsley,  685i 

V.  Walker,  685;i 
Fidelity  L.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Buzzard,  575 
Fidelity  Tr.  Co.  v.  Shelbyville  W.  & 

L.  Co.,  95 
Fidler  v.  McKinley,  637,  640a 
Fiedler  v.  St.  Louis,  B.  &  M.  Ry.,  101 
Field  V.  Columbet,  910 

V.  Insurance  Co.  of  N.  A.,  301 

V.  Kinnear,  738 

V.  Plaisted,  1326 

V.  Winheim,  1355 
Fielder,  v.  Starkin,  760 
Fielding  v.  Silverstein,  691a 
Fields  V.  Baum,  302a 

V.  Buinum,  377 

V.  Johnston,  95 

V.  Lancaster  Cotton  Mills,  361 

V.  Williams,  55,  317,  494,  565a 
Fifield  V.  Whittemore,  1237 
Fifth  B.  B.  Assoc,  v.  Sylvester,  1023 
Fifth    Baptist    Church    v.    Baltimore 

&  O.  R.  R.,  334 
Fifth  Nat.  Bank  v.  New  York  El.  R.  R., 
1199,  1210 

V.  Providence  Warehouse  Co.,  79, 
492 


2860 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Figh  V.  United  States,  642 

Filbert  v.  Philadelphia,  657 

File  V.  Wilmington  City  Ry.,  482,  483, 

484,  485 
Filer  v.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  86c,  485 

V.  Smith,  464 
Fillebrown  v.  Hoar,  44o,   126&,  226j, 

988a 
Fillingham  v.  Michigan  United  Rys., 

1309 
Final  v.  Backus,  499 
Finch  V.  Heermans,  645 

V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  1342 

V.  Zenith  F.  Co.,  753 

V.  Strickland,  916 
Finckh  v.  Evers,  803 
Findlater  v.  Borland,  200 
Findlay  v.  Carson,  685,  6856 

V.  Knickerbocker    Ice    Co.,    633, 
536 
Findley  v.  Findley,  692fc 
Fine  v.  Navarre,  458 
Finigan  v.  Sullivan,  1337 
Fink  V.  Busch,  1270 

V.  Farmers'  Bank,  692(i 

V.  Newark,  1128 

V.  Thomas,  387 
Finke  v.  Allen,  751 
Finkelstein  v.  Kramer,  1357 
Finken  v.  Elm  City  Brass  Co.,  482 
Finlen  v.  Heinze,  3016 
Finley  v.  Carothers,  334 

V.  Hershey,  92,  941,  947 

V.  Tucson,  108, 679o 
Finn  v.  Providence  Gas  &  W.  Co.,  1168 

V.  W.  R.  R.,  76 
Finnerty  v.  Tipper,  446 
Finney  v.  Cadwallader,  610 

V.  Smith,  233,  234,  359,  444 

V.  Warren  Ins.  Co.,  712a 
Finton  v.  Eggleston,  982 
Fiola  V.  McDonald,  1337 
Firard  v.  Taggard,  755 
Firbank  v.  Humphreys,  836 
Fire  Assoc,  v.  Rosenthal,  723 
Firemens'  Fund  Ins.  Co.  v.  Western 

Refrigerating  Co.,  324a 
Firmin  v.  Firmin,  502,  934 
Firmstone  v.  Spaeter,  1016 
First  Bank  of  Mertens  v.  Steffens,  364 


First  Baptist  Church  ».  Sch'y  &  Troy 

R.  R.,  32,  35,  946 
First  Church  v.  Boston,  1147 
First  Ecclesiastical  Society  w.  Loomis, 

325 
First  Nat.  Bank  of  Louisville  v.  Boyce, 

80,  497c 
First  Nat.  Bank  v.  Briggs,  692d 

e.  CajfoU,  183 
V.  Felker,  256 

V.  First  Nat.  Bank,  633c,  8186, 
819 

f.  Fourth  National  Bank,  77  N. 
Y.  320;  107rf,  6336,  812,  813, 
814 

V.  Fourth  Nat.  Bank,  89  N.  Y. 
412;  324a,  813,  819 

V.  Gerke,  692a 

V.  Haulenbeek,  695 

V.  Kansas  Grain  Co.,  361 

e.  Minneapolis  &  N.  E.  Co.,  517a 

V.  Oliver,  695 

V.  Red  River  Val.  Nat.  Bank,  249, 
517a 

V.  Rogers,  688 

V.  St.  Cloud,  170a 

V.  Strang,  257 

V.  Tenney,  834 

V.  Thomas,  130 

V.  Thurman,  149 

V.  Turner,  333 
First  Nat.  Bank  of  Bamesville  v.  W. 

U.  T.  Co.,  602,  707d,  877,  897 
First   Nat.   Bank  v.  Williams,   2266, 

442 
First  Orthodox  Cong.  Church  v.  Wal- 

rath,  413 
First  Parish  in  Shrewsbury  v.  Smith, 

931 
First  Parish  in  Woburn  v.  County  of 

Middlesex,  1158,  1165 
First  State  Bank  v.  Martin,  681o 
Firth  V.  Fitzgerald,  1268 
Fischer  v.  Hayes,  1231 

V.  Hope  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
Fish  i;.  Dana,  795 

V.  Dodge,  949,  1258,  1293 

V.  FoUey,  636A 

V.  Glass,  667 

V.  Nethercutt,  506a,  584,  1261 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2861 


Fish  «.  Rochester,  1108 

V.  Seeberger,  305 
Fishburne  v.  Engledore,  363a,  364,  366, 
367 

V.  Sanders,  339 
Fishell  V.  Winans,  313fl! 
Fisher  v.  Anderson,  411 

V.  Baden  Gas  Co.,  1142 

V.  Barber,  1356 

V.  Bidwell,  301 

V.  Brown,  104  Mass.  359;  80,  259 

V.  Brown,  70  Fed.  670;  504 

V.  Cobb,  76 

V.  Dowling,  929 

V.  Budding,  334 

V.  Edington,  917 

V.  Fallows,  805 

».  Fisher,  703 

V.  George  S.  Jones  Co.,  256 

V.  Goebel,  209,  643,  647e,  993 

V.  Grace,  71 

V.  Jansen,  180a,  255,  485o 

V.  Kay,  1007,  1010 

V.  Kenyon,  637,  638 

V.  Met.  El.  Ry.,  368 

V.  Naysmith,  65,  929a,  1130 

V.  New  Orleans  Anchor  Line,  318 

V.  Newark  City  Ice  Co.,  753 

V.  Otis,  331 

V.  Patterson,  446,  451 

V.  Prince,  54,  4946 

V.  Samuda,  1036 

V.  Sargent,  298 

V.  Val  de  Travers  Asphalte  Co., 
240,  241 

V.  Waupaca  E.  L.  &  R.  Co.,  1367 
Fisher,  H.  S.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Warner,  753 
Fishwick  v.  Sewell,  506a 
Fisk  V.  Brunette,  304 

V.  Fowler,  416 

V.  Gray,  411 

V.  Hicks,  762,  777 

V.  New  York,  593 

V.  Tank  et  al,  767,  1060 
Fiske  V.  Chesterfield,  331a 

V.  Foster,  700 
Fitch  V.  Bragg,  1240 

V.  Broadway  &  S.  A.  R.  R.,  1348 

V.  Casey,  6556 

V.  Fitch,  1261 


Fitch  V.  Livingston,  316 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  130  S.  W. 
■44;  157,  159 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,   150  Mo. 
149;  879 
Fitchburg  v.  C.  M.  Corp.  v.  Melven, 

999c,  999e 
Pitchett  V.  North  Pennsylvania  R.  R., 

346 
Fitts  t>.  Reinhart,  657 
Fitzgerald  v.  Allen,  655d 

V.  Boulat,  388 

V.  Caldwell,  341 

V.  Chicago,  K.  &  W.  R.  R.,  1109 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  47, 
383o,  865 

V.  Clark,  935 

V.  Dobson,  41,  47,  1355 

V.  Evans,  762 

V.  Stewart,  451 
Fitzgibbon  v.  Brown,  460 
Fitzgibbons  v.  Freisem,  66,  988 
Fitzhugh  V.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.,  1169 

V.  McPherson,  345 

V.  Wiman,  78 
Fitzimmons  v.  Chapman,  194,  441 
Fitzjohn  v.  Mackinder,  126c 
Fitzpatrick  v.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  101, 
215,  221a,  927,  931 

V.  Cottingham,  415 

V.  Flagg,  685y 

V.  Great  W.  Ry.,  43;^ 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  1203 
Five  Tracts  of  Land  v.  United  States, 

252 
Fixel  V.  Tallman,  682o 
Fixen  v.  Blake,  1030 
Flagg  V.  Roberts,  449,  1328 

V.  Tyler,  691a 
Flagler  v.  Hearst,  512 
Flaherty  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  1356 
Flake  v.  Carson,  312 
Flam  V.  Lee,  457,  458 
Flanagan  v.  Chicago  City  Ry.,  1364 

V.  Womack,  361,  386,  489 
Flanagin  v.  Wetherill,  334 
Flanary  v.  Wood,  388,  1344 
Flanders  v.  Canada,  A.  &  P.  S.  S.  Co., 
85a 

V.  Tweed,  233 


2862 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Flannery  v.  Anderson,  293,  310 

V.  B.  &  0.  R.  R.,  380,  388 
Flannigan  v.  Stauss,  1335 
Flash,  The,  843 

Flavin  v.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  1342 
Fleckner  v.  Bank,  336 
Fleckton  v.  Spicer,  1012,  1022 
Fleddermann  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co., 

1270 
Fleet  V.  HoUenkemp,  368 
Fleetham  v.  Therres,  945 
Fleetwood  v.  Bamett,  640a,  641 
Fleischmann  v.  Samuel,  254a,  496 
Fleishman  v.  Southern  Ry.,  873 
Fleming  v.  Bailey,  467 

V.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  927 

V.  Bank  of  New  Zealand,  171o 

V.  Beck,  113,  646 

V.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1110,  1154 

V.  Grigg,  734 

V.  Lobel,  1367 

V.  Loughren,  1345 

V.  Lunsford,  657 

V.  Newport  Ry.,  1096 

V.  Potter,  279c 

V.  Robertson,  278 

V.  R.  R.,  1163 

V.  Shenandoah,  41 

V.  Sherry,  934,  934a 

V.  Tolee,  676 

V.  Wilmington  &  W.  R.  R.,  1164 
Flentham  v.  Steward,  789 
Fletcher  v.  Auburn  &  S.  R.  R.,  1182, 
1183 

V.  Brown,  917 

V.  Burrows,  451 

V.  Button,  1010 

V.  Derrickson,  789 

V.  Dyche,  397,  402,  408,  419 

V.  Gillespie,  618 

V.  Great  Western  Ry.,  1085 

V.  Harmon,  1069 

V.  Jackson,  808 

V.  Jacob  Dodd  Packing  Co.,  170o, 
192 

V.  Rylands,  33 

V.  Tayleur,  164,  1329 
FUck  V.  Wetherbee,  191,  768 
Flickinger  v.  Omaha  Bridge,  etc.,  Co., 
1154c 


Flinn  v.  Barber,  301 

V.  Flinn,  301c 
Flint  V.  Clark,  107d,  451 

V.  Douglass,  918 

V.  Gauer,  1251 

V.  Lyon,  1040,  1060 

V.  Norwich  &  W.  R.  R.,  860 

V.  Steadman,  966,  981 
Flint  &  P.  M.  R.  R.  v.  Detroit,  etc., 
R.  R.,  1152a 

V.  Gordon,  1154a 
Flint  &  Walling  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Beckett, 

121d 
Florence  v.  Pattillo,  763 
Florence  Cotton  Co.  v.  Louisville  Bank- 
ing Co.,  306 
Florence  E.  &  W.  N.  R.  R.  v.  Pember, 

1165 
Florence  E.  D.  &  W.  V.  R.  R.  v.  Shep- 
herd, 1148 
Florence  M.  Co.  v.  Daggett,  618 
Florence  Oil  &  Refining  Co.  v.  Farrar, 

762 
Florence  Wagon  Wks.  v.  Salmon,  413 
Flori  V.  St.  Louis,  139 
Florida  Athletic  Club  v.  Hope  Lumber 

Co.,  762 
Florida,  C.  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Foxworth, 
573a,  678 

V.  Sullivan,  574a 
Florida  N.  R.  R.  v.  Southern  Supply 

Co.,  647b 
Florida  R.  &  N.  Co.  v.  Webster,  368 
Florida  Southern  R.  R.  v.  Brown,  1110 

V.  Parsons,  932 
Floumoy  v.  Lyon,  237, 682a 
Flowers  v.  Smith,  383a 
Floyd  V.  Hamilton,  373a 

V.  Mann,  7356 

V.  U.  S.,  614 

V.  United  States,  617 
Floyer  v.  Edwards,  606c 
Fludyer  v.  Cocker,  288,  1025 
Flureau  v.  Thomhill,  1001 
Flynn   v.   Kings   County   El.   R.   R.,- 
1208 

V.  Trask,  209,  992 

V.  Union  S.  &  G.  Co.,  686 
Flynn,  In  re,  Slid 
Flynt  V.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  Ry.,  107d 


TABtE   OF   CASES 
[References  Are  to  sections] 


2863 


Fobes  V.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  1183, 

1184,  1193,  1194 
Focht  V.  Rosenbaum,  425 
Focke  V.  Blum,  497& 
Fodges  V.  Fries,  222 
Foeller  v.  Heintz,  657 
Foels  V.  Tonawanda,  221&  1355 
Fogarty  v.  Finlay,  559 
Fogg  V.  Hill,  1295 
Fogle  V.  Delmas,  302o 
Foley  V.  Everett,  1354 

V.  Foley,  304 

V.  Forty-second  St.  M.  &  S.  N.  A. 
Ry.,  2436 

V.  Houston,  B.  &  T.  Ry.,  1334 

V.  McKeegan,  413,  1010 

V.  Manufacturers'  &  B.  I.  Co.,  722 

V.  Martin,  365,  1334 

V.  Northrup,  368 

V.  Southwestern  Land  Co.,  502, 989 
Folk  V.  Graham,  975 
Folkes  V.  Chadd,  1291 
FoUansbee  v.  Adams,  636d,  741 
FoUett  V.  Jewett,  448d 
FoUiott  V.  Hunt,  6556 
Folmar  v.  Carlisle,  302 
Folmsbee  v.  Amsterdam,  1112a 
Folsom  V.  Apple  River  L.  D.  Co.,  36a, 
191,  937 

V.  Clemence,  84,  856 

V.  McDonough,  419 

V.  Marlette,  310a 

V.  Parker,  992 

V.  Plumer,  343 

V.  Underhill,  483 
Folwell  V.  Providence  Journal  Co.,  448d, 

451 
Folz  V.  Tradesmen's  T.  &  S.  F.  Co.,  678 
Fomin  v.  Oswell,  818 
Fondavilla  v.  Jourgensen,  185 
Fontaine  v.  Baxley,  40,  156,  607 

V.  Schulenberg  &  B.  L.  Co.,  999A; 
Fooks  V.  Homer,  302 
Foos  V.  Sabin,  753 
Foot  V.  Tracy,  451 
Foote  V.  American  Product  Co.,  484 

V.  Blanchard,  301,  308 

V.  Burnet,  959 

».  Cincinnati,  999d 

V.  Lorain  R.  R.,  1154a,  1166e,  1174 


Foote  V.  Merrill,  502,  503,  933,  934 

V.  Sprague,  420 

V.  Van  Zandt,  692 
Forbes  v.  American  Mut.  L.  Ins.  Co., 
729 

V.  Aspinall,  713 

V.  Boston  &  L.  R.  R.,  853 

V.  Hunter,  644 

V.  Loftin,  226/,  4866 

V.  Manf.  Ins.  Co.,  711 

V.  Parker,  81 

V.  Thomas,  439d 
Force  v.  Elizabeth,  343,  346 

V.  Sawyer  Boos  Mfg.  Co.,  1237 
Ford  V.  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  107a 

V.  Charles  Warner  Co.,  380 

V.  Cheever,  358 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  95,  924a 

V.  Fargason,  370,  603 

V.  Hixon,  324a 

V.  Illinois  ■  Refrigerating    Constr. 
Co.,  2126 

V.  Ingles  Coal  Co.,  419 

V.  Jones,  47 

V.  Keith,  807 

V.  Lincoln  County  Comrs.,  1151, 
1168 

V.  Loomis,  237,  6851 

V.  Monroe,  570 

V.  Oliphant,  762,  765,  777 

V.  Santa  Cruz  R.  R.,  924 

V.  Schliessman,  1266 

V.  Schliessway,  70 

V.  Tirrell,  308a 

V.  Williams,  58,  226c 
Ford  H.  L.  Co.  v.  Clement,  618 
Fordham  v.  Thompson,  685j,  685A; 
Fordyce  t».  Easthope,  673a 

V.  McCants,  575,  1367 

V.  Manuel,  1342 

V.  Nix,  1342 

V.  Peper,  821 
Fore  V.  Western  N.  C.  R.  R.,  1110, 

1166 
Foreman  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  8946 
Forey  v.  Western  Stage  Co.,  664a 
Forgie  v.  Henderson,  37 
Forhmann   v.    Consolidated   Traction 

Co.,  380 
Forke  v.  Homann,  1042 


2864 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Forked  Deer  Pants  Co.  v.  Shipley,  666 
Forman  v.  Forman,  343 

V.  Miller,  674 
Forney  v.  Geldmacher,  124 
Forrest  v.  Buchanan,  171 

V.  Collier,  683 
Forst  V.  Rothe,  70 
Forstall  v.  Louisiana  Planters'  Assoc, 

346 
Forster  v.  Forster,  326 
Forsyth  Boulevard,  In  re,  1151 
Forsyth  v.  Dickson,  549,  557,  692 

V.  Hastings,  673o 

V.  Mcintosh,  982 

V.  Mann,  618,  734 

V.  Palmer,  58,  565 

V.  Wells,  503,  935 

V.  Wilcox,  1148 
Fort  V.  Orndorff,  209,  608,  6466,  991 

V.  Saunders,  496,  497 

V.  Union  Pacific  R.  R.,  86a 
Fort  Covington  v.  United  States  &  C. 

R.  R.,  932 
Fort  Pitt  Gas  Co.  v.  Evansville  Con- 
tract Co.,  435a 
Fort  Scott,  W.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Lightbum, 
484,  490 

V.  Tubbs,  932 
Fort  Smith  A.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Nedry,  1354 
Fort  Wayne  v.  Hamilton,  932,  1148 
Fort  Wayne  E.  L.  Co.  v.  Miller,  606o 
Fort  Worth  v.  Howard,  217,  1123,  1143 
Fort  Worth  Ry.  v.  Smith,  1266 
Fort  Worth  &  D.  C.  Ry.  v.  Bell,  1347 

V.  Flynt,  942 

V.  Hogsett,  937a 

V.  Hyatt,  574 

V.  Ikard,  852 

V.  Morrison,  56  S.  W.  931;  574d 

V.  Morrison,  123  S.  W.  621 ;  1270o 

V.  Morrison,  129  S.  W.  1157;  1270 

V.  Richards,  854 

V.  Travis,  43fc,  1307 

V.  Walker,  67 

V.  White,  310 
Fort  Worth  &  N.  O.  Ry.  v.  Smith,  48i, 
380,  929 

V.  Wallace,  866,  937a 
Fort  Worth  &  R.  H.  St.  Ry.  v.  Hawes, 
486a 


Fort  Worth  &  R.  G.  Ry.  v.  Bowen, 
1357 

V.  Downie,  1123 

V.  Garvin,  1149 

V.  Kime,  1367 

V.  Wilkinson,  1367 
Fort  Worth,  et  al.  v.  Williams,  1348 
Fortescue  v.  Kings  County  Lighting 

Co.,  932 
Fosdick  V.  Greene,  107d,  519 

V.  Van  Husan,  343 
Foss  V.  Heineman,  7356 

V.  Norrifl,  567 
Fossum  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry., 

924o 
Foster  v.  Adams,  756 

V.  B.  I.  Crooker  Co.,  1348 

V.  Baer,  762 

V.  Boston,  1177 

V.  Brooks,  4945 

V.  Chamberlain,  527 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  1348 

I).  Chicago  R.  R.,  1152 

V.  Cleveland,  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry., 
161,  863 

V.  Dow,  839 

V.  Dupre,  312 

V.  Elliott,  101 

V.  Equitable  Ins.  Co.,  725 

V.  Fletcher,  931 

V.  Foster,  970 

V.  Gressett,  1012o 

V.  Kennedy,  1027 

V.  Miranda,  587 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  115  Mo.  165, 
21  S.  W.  916;  1355 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  128  S.  W.  36; 
67a 

II.  Napier,  691c 

V.  Pierson,  956 

V.  Preston,  819 

V.  Rodgers,  762 

V.  Scoffield,  475 

V.  Stafford  Nat.  Bank,  685 

V.  Thompson,  959,  981 

V.  Weaver,  83,  503 

V.  Wise,  692y 
Poster  Lumber  Co.  v.  Arkansas  Valley 

&  W.  Ry.,  1123 
Foster-Milburn  Co.  v.  Chinn,  448c 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[Bef  erencea  are  to  sections] 


2865 


Fotheringham  v.  Adams  Ex.  Co.,  49, 

1330 
Foulger  v.  Newcomb,  1271 
Fmilkes  v.  Nashville  &  D.  R.  R.,  5706 
Fountain  v.  West,  448a 
Fourth  Nat.  Bank  v.  City  Nat.  Bank, 
1031 

V.  Mayer,  682,  682a,  683 

V.  Noonan,  836 
Foust  V.  Gregg,  704,  708 
Fowle  V.  New  Haven  &  N.  Co.,  1110 

V.  New  Haven  &  N.  R.  R.,  95,  1112 

V.  Ward,  1256^ 
Fowler  v.  Armour,  665 

V.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  316,  334 

V.  Bott,  999e 

V.  Com.,  692i 

V.  Davenport,  317 

V.  Des  Moines  &  K.  C.  Ry.,  95 

I).  Fowler,  451 

V.  Gilman,  80 

V.  Old  North  State  Ins.  Co.,  722, 
920 

V.  Pauly,  766 

V.  Payne,  1057 

V.  Stonum,  78 

V.  Strickland,  702,  801 

V.  Waller,  667 
Fowlkes  V.  Southern  Ry.,  ISO,  226j 

V.  Webber,  1258 
Fox  V.  Baltimore  &  0.  R.  R.,  1171 

V.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  119,  164 

V.  Brissac,  988a 

V.  Chicago,  S.  P.  &  K.  C.  R.  R., 
1270a 

V.  Davenport  Nat.  Bank,  814 

V.  Davis,  460 

V.  Everson,  768 

V.  Harding,  130,  194,  613 

V.  Hartford,  etc.,  R.  R.,  346 

V.  Hay  ward,  842 

V.  Jones,  424a 

V.  Kitton,  636d 

V.  Knickerbocker  Engr.  Co.,  1220, 
1229 

V.  Longly,  3016 

V.  Mountjoy,  685jjr 

V.  Oakland  Consol.  St.  R.  R.,  S73a, 
575,  1367 

V.  Oriel  Cabinet  Co.,  685A 

180 


Fox  V.  Poor  Ridge  &  Sugar  Creek  Turn- 
pike Road  Co.,  153a 

V.  St.  John,  86c,  486o 

V.  Stevens,  376 

V.  Stockton,  C.  H.  &  A.  Works, 
766,  767 

«.  Wray,  440 

V.  Wunderlich,  387,  1249,  1254 
Foxall  V.  Barnett,  241,  463 
Foxcroft  V.  Nagle,  340c 

V.  Nevens,  802 
Foy  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  853 
Foye  V.  Dabney,  667 
Frain  v.  Metropolitan  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
Fralick  v.  Presley,  527 
Fraloff  V.  New  York,  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

244,  317 
Francis  v.  Brock,  1330 
France  v.  Gaudet,  1216,  163,  198,  250, 

497,  506 
Franchot  v.  Leach,  1024 
Francis  v.  Castleman,  302a 

V.  Rucker,  700 

I).  St.  Louis  T.  Co.,  864 

0.  Schoellkopf,  65,  948, 1025, 1203 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876,  894 
Franck  v.  Stout,  623 
Frank  v.  Colhoun,  271 

V.  Manhattan  M.  &  Dispensary, 
668 

V.  Morrison,  295 

V.  Tatum,  374 
Frank  Parmelee  Co.  v.  Wheelock,  1358 
Franke  v.  St.  Louis,  1367 
Frankel  v.  Stem,  682 
Frankfort  v.  Kendrick,  1358 
Frankfort  &  K.  R.  R.  v.  Windsor,  1295 
Frankfort  &  V.  T.  Co.  v..  Hulette,  171o 
Franklin  v.  Cam,pbell,  916 

V.  Jackson,  932 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  152 

V.  Schermerhom,  1366 

V.  Smith,  203 

V.  Southeastern  Ry.,  574 
Franklin  County  v.  Layman,  337 
Franklin  C.  Co.  v.  McMillan,  502,  935 
Franklin  F.  I.  Co.  v.  HamiU,  720 
Franklin  Ins.  Co.  v.  Sears,  818a 
Franz  v.  Hillerbrand,  363 
Fraser  v.  Berkeley,  487a 


2866 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections]  ■ 


Fraser  v.  Buffalo,  482a 

V.  Echo,  M.  &  S.  Co.,  190 

V.  Little,  677,  678 
Frawick  v.  Martin-Brown  Co.,  361 
Fray  t».  Voules,  103 

Frazer  v.  Bigelow  Carpet  Co.,  309,  318, 
321 

V.  Supervisors  of  Peoria,  966 
Frazier  v.  Clark,  608 

V.  Fredericks,  531 

V.  Laughlin,  693 

V.  Lomax,  1275 

V.  St.  Louis  Smelting  &  Refining 
Co.,  172a 
Fred  Krug  B.  Co.  v.  Healey,  76 
Fred  W.  Wolf  Co.  v.  Galbraith,  742a 
Frederick  v.  Shane,  1131 

V.  Willoughby,  758 
Fredonia  Gas  Co.  v.  Bailey,  614 
Freeborn  v.  Norcross,  538 
Freedle  v.  North  Car.  R.  R.,  1129, 1148 
IVeehold  Loan  Co.  v.  McLean,  325 
Freeland  v.  Edwards,  302a 

i>.  Muscatine,  932 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1120 
Freelove  v.  Gould,  929,  943 
Freeman  v.  Aylor,  657 

V.  Carter,  28  Tex.  Civ.  App.  571; 
675 

V.  Carter,  81  S.  W.  81;  580a 

V.  Cleary,  1354 

V.  Clute,  190 

V.  F.  P.  Harbaugh  Co.,  778 

V.  Field,  191,  937 

V.  Fogg,  633a,  636i 

V.  Freeman,  310a,  311 

V.  Harwood,  519 

V.  Hyett,  1031 

V.  Illinois  C.  R.  R.,  5706 

V.  Luckett,  493 

V.  McElroy,  1367 

V.  Mercantile  M.  A.  Assoc,  113 

V.  Mireles,  4866 

V.  National  Benefit  Society,  732 

V.  Ortiz,  1355     ' 

V.  People,  677 

V.  Sayre,  924,  932 

V.  Strobehn,  107a 

V.  Tinsley,  449 

V.  Underwood,  76 


Freeman  v.  Venner,  439 

Freeman's  Bank  v.  Rollins,  805 

Freer  v.  Cowles,  527 

Freese  v.  Crary,  107a  , 

V.  Tripp,  378,  386,  1254,  1256 
Frei  v.  Vogel,  77,  531,  6916 
Freidenheit  v.  Edmundson,  127a,  347, 

360 
Freligh  v.  Piatt,  1053 
Fremont,  E.  &  M.  V.  R.  R.  v.  Bates, 
1165,  1171 

V.  French,  1347 

V.  HarUn,  942,  1110 

V.  Lamb,  1167 

v.  Leslie,  1374 

V.  Marley,  316,  318,  937,  1293 

V.  Meeker,  11656 

V.  Root,  335 

V.  Whalen,  1110,  1141 
French  v.  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Co., 
1126 

V.  Bait,  98 

V.  Connecticut  R.  L.  Co.,  182,  948 

V.  French,  304 

V.  Fuller,  74,  931 

V.  Grindle,  704 

V.  Kennedy,  339a 

V.  Lowell,  1147 

i),  McCready,  6856 

V.  Milwaukee,  1172a 

V.  Parish,  805 

V.  Ramge,  109,  199 

V.  Snyder,  545 

V.  Vining,  214a,  765 

V.  Wilkinson,  1309 

V.  Willet,  554 
Fresh  v.  Cutter,  364 
Freund  v.  Murray,  32 
Frey,  The,  599 
Frey  v.  Drahos,  77 

V.  Fitzpatrick-Cromwell  Co.,  3406 
Freyman  v.  Knecht,  755,  762 
Frick  V.  St.  Louis,  K.  C.  &  N.  Ry.,  574 
Frick  Co.  v.  Falk,  2126,  764 
Frick  Coke  Co.  v.  Painter,  1142 
Friedenstein  v.  United  States,  753 
Friedenwald  v.  Baltimore,  1148 
Friedland  v.  McNeil,  648a 

V.  Myers,  167,  984a 
Friedlander  v.  Pugh,  614 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections]' 


2867 


Friedly  v.  Giddings,  366,  1343 
Friedman  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 
1334 

V.  Horn,  171a 
Friedrichs  v.  Belt  Co.,  1177 
Friel  v.  Plumer,  467 
Friend  v.  Dunks,  1256 

V.  Green,  531a 

V.  IngersoU,  483 

V.  Pittsburgh,  337 
Friend  &  T.  L.  Co.  v.  Miller,  157,  742a 
Fries  V.  Watson,  334 
Frigstad  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1326 
Frink  v.  Coe,  368 

V.  Schroyer,  485 

V.  Southern  Exp.  Co.,  302a,  678 

V.  Tatman,  734 
Frisbee  v.  Hoffnagle,  1053 

V.  Marshall,  70,  86a 
Frisbie  v.  Rosenberg  Bros.  &  Co.,  755 
Frrsia,  The,  587,  588 
Frith  V.  Chicago,  D.  &  M.  Ry.,  95 
Fritts  V.  New  York  &  N.  E.  R.  R.,  195 
Fritz  V.  Hobson,  91,  924,  1194 

u.  Pusey,  970,  976 

V.  Watertown,  1261 
Frobisher  v.  Fifth  Ave.  Transp.  Co., 

1270a 
Frohreich  v.  Gammon,  164a,  767 
Frohs  V.  Dubuque,  486 
Fromm  w.  Ide,  225 

V.  Sierra  Nevada  S.  M.  Co.,  517 
Front  St.  M.  &  O.  R.  R.  v.  Butler,  1067 
Frost  V.  Foote,  415 

V,  Jordan,  237,  682a 

V.  Knight,  758 

V,  Mixsell,  692e 

V.  Tarr,  606a 

V.  Willard,  78 

V.  Winston,  Slid 
Frothingham  v.  Everton,  812)  814,  822 

V.  Morse,  492,  518 
Fruin-Bambrick   Construction   Co.   v. 

Ft.  Smith  &  W.  R.  R.,  419 
Fry  V.  Bennett,  386 

V.  Dubuque  &  S.  Ry.,  172,  484 

V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1350 

V.  Hillan,  171,  483 

V.  Leslie,  334 
Frye  v.  Maine  C  R.  R.,  130, 194 


Fuchs  V.  Koerner,  206,  207,  667 
Fuhrman  v.  Interior  Warehouse  Co., 

768 
Fuhry  v.  Chicago  City  Ry.,  1364 
Fulda  V.  Caldwell,  449 
Fulkerson  v.  Eads,  106 

V.  George,  447 
FuUam  v.  Stearns,  103 
Fuller  V.  Atlanta,  1108,  1110 

V.  Brown,  655c 

V.  Chamberlain,  1279 

V.  Chicopee  Mfg.  Co.,  1166d 

V.  Curtis,  121d,  151 

V.  Dean,  451 

v:  Eddings,  1169 

V.  Fenner,  443,  1335 

V.  Fuller,  31  Id 

V.  Jackson,  1270a 

V.  Mfg.  Co.,  1119 

V.  Mt.  Vernon,  1110 

V.  MulhoUan,  976 

V.  Reed,  651 

V.  Rice,  651,  660,  662 

V.  Robinson,  1338 

V.  Ruby;  999c 

V.  Wing,  692fc 
FuUerton,  The,  1357 
FuUerton  v.  Fordyce,  214a 

V.  Miller,  681a 
FuUman  v.  Cummings,  99,  101 
Fulmore  v.  St.  Paul  City  Ry,,  1363 
Fulsome  v;  Concordj  41,  860,  485 
Fulton  w.  Dover,- 1148 

V.  Fletcher,  688a 

V.  H&ffemnger,  674 
Fulton  County  v.  Amorous,  1154o 
.  Fultz  V.  Davis,  278 

V.  Wycoff,  195,  441 
Fulweiler  v.  Baugher,  975 
Funk  V.  Buck,  331 

V.  Creswell,  972 

V.  Dillon,  432a 

ti.  Punk,  856 

V.  H.  S.  Kerbaugh,  379 

V.  Hendricks,  517a 

V.  Voncida,  974,  979 
Funke  v.  Allen,  753 
Fuqua  v.  Gambill,  464 

V.  Massie,  674 
Furber  v.  McCarthy,  678 


2868 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[Rrferenoes  are  to  sections] 


Furbush  v.  Goodwin,  1159 
Furlong  v.  Cooney,  906,  910 

V.  Polleys,  246,  734,  739 
Furman  ».  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 
1354 

V.  Elmore,  959 
Furman,  St.,  Matter  of,  1146,  1149 
Furnas  v.  Durgin,  789,  962,  972,  974 
Fumess,  Withy  &  Co.  v.  Hall,  856 
Furnish  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.  Co.,  102 

Mo.  669;  1355 
Furnish  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  102  Mo. 

438;  48,  486a 
FurnisB  v.  Ferguson,  975 

V.  Hudson  River  Railroad,  1131 
Furstenburg  v.  Fawsett,  617 
Fury  V.  White,  684o 
Fush  V.  Egan,  565a 
Fussell  V.  Heard,  497^ 


G.  A.  Kelly  Plow  Co.  v.  London,  665, 

666,  667 
Gaar  Scott  &  Co.  v.  Lyon,  535,  565 
Gabler  v.  McChesney,  857 
Gabriel  v.  Akinsville  Pressed  Brick  Co., 

615 
Gaddis  v.  Lord,  683 
Gadsden  v.  Georgetown  Bank,  685j, 
685fc 
V.  Howe  F.  &  C.  Co.,  742 
Gaerrett  v.  Winterich,  2146 
Gaertner  v.  Bues,  988a 
Gaffey  v.  United  Shoe  Machinery  Co., 

647c 
Gaffney  v.  Hayden,  663,  673o 
Gage  V.  Lewis,  789 
V.  Harvey,  1255 
V.  McSweeney,  340 
V.  Parmelee,  310a 
V.  Thompson,  334 
Gagnon  v.  Klauder-Weldon  D.  M.  Co., 
1357 
V.  Molden,  633e 

V.  Sperry  &  Hutchison  Co.,   164, 
182 
Gahagan  v.  Aerometer  Co.,  1357 
Gahan  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Gahn  v.  Broome,  717 


Gaines  v.  New  Orleans,  6  Wall.  642; 
904 

V.  New  Orleans,  17  Fed.  29;  307, 
343,  904,  911 

V.  Poor,  803 
Gainesville  H.  &  W.  Railroad  v.  Hall, 
1123 

V.  Waples,  11656 
Gainsford  v.  Carroll,  744 
Gaither  i>.  Bland,  762 

V.  Blowers,  487o 
Galbraith  v.  Chicago  A.  I.  Works,  645 

».  Walker,  334 
Gale  V.  Corey,  340a 

V.  Dean,  1008,  1012,  1018 

V.  Leekie,  193 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
1332 
Gale  S.  H.  M.  Co.  v.  Moore,  767 
Galena  &  C.  U.  R.  R.  v.  Rae,  842,  854 
Galena  &  S.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Barrett,  1051 

V.  Birkbeck,  1165 
GaJesburg  v.  Higley,  1326 

V.  Rahn,  219 
Galesburg  R.  R.  v.  Miboy,  1171o 
Galigher  v.  Jones,  513,  745 
Gall  V.  Gall,  664a,  6736 
Gallagher  v.  Baird,  734 

V.  Bowie,  43h 

V.  Burke,  988 

V.  Kingston  Water  Co.,  941,  1146 

V.  The  Yankee,  5996 
Gallamore  v.  Olympia,  484 
Galliano  ».  Pierre,  270 
Galligan  v.  Sun  Printing  &  Pub.  Assoc, 
856 

V.  Woonsocket  St.  R.  R.,  486c 
Gallo  V.  Brooklyn  Sav.  Bank,  236 

V.  McAndrews,  416 
Gallon  V.  House  of  Good  Shepherd, 

1336 
Galloway  v.  Courtney,  448(i 
Galium  V.  Seymour,  313a 
Gallup  ».  Perue,  314 
Galsworthy  v.  Strutt,  418,  420 
Gait  V.  Chicago  &.  N.  W.  Ry.,  95, 

924a 
Galveston  ».  Barbour,  572 
Galveston  C.  R.  R.  v.  Miller,  12866 

V.  Posnainsky,  1326,  1355 


TABLE    OF   CASES 


2869 


[References 

Galveston  City  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  v.  Bock, 
1165 

V.  Eddins,  1165 
Galveston  County  v.  Galveston  Gas 

Co.,  303 
Galveston  Electric  Co.  v.  Dickey,  1348 
Galveston,  H.  &  H.  R.  R.  ti.  Bohan, 

1357 
Galveston,  H.  &  N.  Ry.  v.  Murphy, 
1356 

V.  Newport,  1356 

V.  Olds,  575,  1367 
Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v.  Abbey, 
1356 

V.  Arispe,  1367 

V.  Ball,  844,  851 

V.  Bean,  1359 

V.  Becht,  932 

V.  Bernard,  1356 

V.  Borsky,  226Z,  937 

V.  Butshek,  1216 

V.  Cherry,  1354 

V.  Clark,  47 

V.  Coker,  1363 

V.  Collins,  1357 

V.  Croskell,  1350 

V.  Davis,  4  Tex.  Civ.  App.  468; 
575,  580 

V.  Davis,  27  Tex.  Qv.  App.  279; 
1367 

V.  Dehnisch,  1356 

V.  Donahoe,  380 

V.  Dromgoole,  317 

V.  Dunlavy,  387,  1149 

V.  Garcia,  1354 

V.  Garrett,  171a,  1354 

V.  Haas,  941 

V.  Hanson,  1354 

V.  Harris,  580ffl 

V.  Henry,  308a 

V.  Home,  318 

V.  Hynes,  1356 

V.  Johnston,  316 

V.  Karrer,  842 

V.  Kinnebrew,  865 

V.  Le  Gierse,  1263 

V.  Leonard,  1306 

V.  Matzdorf,  1353 

V.  Miller,  1367 

V.  Mitchell,  1367 


are  to  sections] 

Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.  v.  Nass, 
1354 

V.  Norsky,  83 

V.  Parr,  937 

V.  PairiBh,  1355 

V.  Perry,  1367 

V.  Pfeuffer,  1159 

V.  Pigott,  575 

V.  Pitts,  1356 

V.  Power,  576 

V.  Rubio,  45 

V.  Sanchez,  1359 

V.  Sanders,  1352 

V.  Silegman,  852 

V.  Still,  180o 

V.  Stoy,  1354 

V.  Thompson,  843a,  856 

V.  Tuckett,  852 

V.  Turner,  872 

V.  Vaughan,  318 

V.  Waldo,  1354 

V.  Ware,  237,  12866 

V.  Wamecke,  933,  934 

V.  WilliEuns,  1297 

V.  Wiseman,  222,  865 

V.  Worth,  1360 

».  Young,  1349 
Galvin  v.  Gualala  M.  Co.,  930o 

V.  Tibbs,  383 
Galyon  v.  Ketchen,  65Sc 
Gamard  v.  Hart,  685ji 
Gambill  v.  Cargo,  387 

V.  Schmudc,  366 
Gamble  v.  Cuneo,  793o 

V.  Mullin,  132 

V.  Wilson,  531o,  532 
Gambrill  v.  Schooley,  446,  671 
Gammage  v.  Alexander,  308 
Gammell  v.  Skinner,  302,  308a,  324 
Gammon  v.  Abrams,  308,  314 

V.  Howe,  407,  417 
Gamard  v.  R.  C.  &  B.  R.  R.,  86c 
G&an  V.  Chicago  Great  Western  R.  R., 

854 
Ganong  v.  Green,  82,  497/ 
Ganscm  v.  Madigan,  753 

II.  Tifft,  265,  994 
Ganssly  v.  Perkins,  361,  1254 
Ganter  v.  Atkinson,  69 
Gantt  V.  American  Central  Ins.  Co.,  728 


2870 


TABLE   OP   CASES 
{References  are  to  sections] 


Garard  v.  Manufacturers'  C.  &  C.  Co., 

1348 
Garbaccia  v.  Jersey  City  H.  &  P.  Ry., 

1367 
Garbaczewski  v.  Third  Ave.   R.   R., 

485 
Garcin  v.  Pa.  Furnace  Co.,  414 
Garcia  v.  Gunn,  538 
Garden  v.  Houston  Bros.,  366 
Gardere  v.  Blanton,  933,  934 
Gardiner  v.  McDermott,  689 
Gardner  v.  Armstrong,  1023 

V.  Baer,  1368 

V.  Bamett,  325 

V.  Boothe,  527 

V.  Brookline,  1155, 1168,  1295 

V.  Brown,  633 

V.  Cooper,  684o 

V.  Deeds,  636c,  752 

V.  Field,  244,  431,  433 

V.  Granniss,  911 

V.  Grove,  789 

V.  Heartt,  3  Den.  232;  73 

V.  Heartt,  2  Barb.  165;  32 

V.  Letson,  968 

V.  Lovegren,  930o 

V.  Minea,  364,  365,  366,  367 

V.  Newburgh,  1107 

V.  Niles,  676 

V.  Ninety-nine  Gold  Coins,  599c 

V.  The  Roycrofters,  634 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  363 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  851 
Garfield  v.  Huls,  1066 
Garfield  &  P.  C.  Co.  v.  Pennsylvania 

C.  &  C.  Co.,  857 
Gariteei).  Baltimore,  184,  927 
Garland  v.  Aurin,  70 

V.  Garland,  304 

V.  Wholeham,  386 
Garland  County  v.  Hot  Spring  County, 

337 
Garneau  v.  Omaha  Printing  Co.,  310 
Gamer  v.  Noard,  673a 
Garoni  v.  Compagnie  Nationale,   1356 
Garr,  Scott  &  Co.  v.  Young,  762 
Garrard  v.  Dawson,  313a,  317 

V.  Dollar,  1024 

V.  Tuck,  922 
Garraux  v.  Greenville,  1115 


Garret ;;.  Stuart,  964 
Garretson  v.  Becker,  473 

V.  Brown,  76 
Garretson  v.  Clark,  111  U.  S.  120;  1233, 
1234,  1243 

V.   Clark,   15    Blatch.  70;    1233* 
1243 
Garrett  v.  Logan,  236 
.  V.  Railroad,  1116 

);.  Sewell,  125o,  363o,  364,  366 

V.  Stuajt,  603,  762 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  83  la.  257, 
-49.  N.  W.  88;  880 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  92  la.  449, 
58  N.  W.  1064;  881 

V.  Winterich,  224 

V.  Wood,  3  Kan.  231;  533 

V.  Wood,  55  App.  Div.  281;.  948 
Garretty  v.  Brazell,  655c 
Garrick  v.  Florida  Cent.  &  P.  R.  R., 

377a,  584 
Garrigan  v.  Kennedy,  1265 

V.  Thompson,  1254 
Garrison  v.  Robinson,  448c 
Garrity  v.  Boston,  1112a 
Garthley  v.  Seattle  Electric  Co.,  1360 
Gartley  v.  Pec^le,  303 
Gartner  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R., 
70,95 

V.  Richardson,  417 
Garvey  v.  Camden  &  A.  R.   R.   Co., 
1289 

V.  Fowler,  1257 

V.  Wayson,  457,  458 
Gas  Bank  v.  Desha,  302 
Gas  Light  Co.  v.-  Colliday,  944 

V.  Memphis,  337 

V.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  910,  914 

V.  St.  Louis,  311c 
Gaskell  v.  Morris,  755 
Gaskin  v.  Runkle,  438 

V.  Wales,  419 
Gaskins  v.  Davis,  66,  934 
Gassely  v.  Humphries,  445 
Gasway  v.  A.  &  W.  P.  R.  R.,  380 
Gate   City  Cotton   Mills  v.  Rosenau 

Hosiery  Mills,  752 
Gates  V.  Bekins,  46a 

V.  Chicago  &  A.  Ry.,  937a 

V.  Comstock,  107  Mich,  546;  317 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2871 


Gates  V.  Comstock,    113   Mich.   127; 
930a,  933,  1298 

V.  Davenport,  668 

V.  Kansas  City  B.  &  T.  Ry.,  1116 

V.  Meredith,  448 

V.  Northern  P.  R.  R.,  136 

V.  Parmley,  407,  1016 

V.  Parrott,  531a 

V.  Reynolds,  1027 

V.  Rifle  Boom  Co.,  499,  503,  934 

V.  School  District,  667 

V.  Union  Bank,  340c 
Gathwright  v.  Callaway  County,  647a 
Gatling  v.  Commissioners,  1031 

V.  Newell,  734 
Gattis  V.  Kilgo,  444 
Gatton  V.  Tolley,  914 
Gatzow  V.  Buening,  43j 
Gaulden  v.  Shehee,  1027 
Gauntlett  v.  Whitworth,  1295 
Gaus  V.  Hughes,  929 
Gauthin  v.  Green,  740 
Gavin  v.  Ball,  417 

V.  Buckles,  964 

V.  Com.,  1169 
Gay  V.  Dare,  627a 

V.  Gardiner,  331a 

V.  Milwaukee  E.  R.  &  L.  Co.,  1360 

V.  Rooke,  302a 

V.  Winter,  573 
Gay's  Gold,  272 

Gay  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Camp,  408,  415,  620a 
Gaylor  v.  Hunt,  559 
Gaynor  v.  Clements,  1326 
Gayton  v.  Day,  200 
Gazelle,  The,  33  Fed.  301;  595 
Gazelle,  The,  2  W.  Rob.  279;  30,  592, 

593 
Gazelle  &  Cargo,  The,  614,  858 
Gazette  P.  Co.  v.  Morss,  667 
Gear  v.  C.  C.  &  D.  R.  R.,  217 

V.  Railroad,  1148 

V.  Shaw,  685e 
Geary  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  67a 
Gee  V.  Lancashire  &  Y.  Ry.,  146,  152, 

157,  158,  166,  740 
Gehl  V.  Milwaukee  Produce  Co.,  753, 

755 
Geiger  v.  Cawley,  418 

V.  Payne,  637,  639,  1339 


Geiger  v.  W.  M.  R.  R.,  412 

V.  Worthen  &  A.  Co.,  1367 
Geisberg  v.  Mutual  B.  &  L.  Assoc, 

1331 
Geisek  v.  Crescent  M.  I.  Co.,  .723a 
Geiser  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Holzer,  766 
Geiser,  T.  M.  Co.  v.  Farmer,  85 
Geiss  V.  Hardware  Co.,  752 
Geld  V.  Adams  Exp.  Co.,  851 
Gelpcke  v.  Dubuque,  346 
Gelston  v.  Hoyt,  336 
Gem  Knitting  Mills  v.  Empire  P.  & 

B.  Co.,  1042 
General  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Carolina  &  N.  W. 

Ry.,  119 
Gen.  George  G.  Meade,  The,  687 
General  L.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Washington 

Rubber  Co.,  614 
General  M-  I-  Co.  v.  Sherwood,  718 
General  Proprietors  v.  Force,"  1256fe 
General  Underwriting  Co.  v.  Stillwell, 

968 
Genet  v.  Brooklyn,  1128 

V.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co.,  603 

V.  Kissam,  325 
Geneva  v.  Peterson,  1138 
Genin  v.  IngersoU,  343,  345 
Gennings  v.  Norton,  86a 
Genoa  v.  Woodruff,  337,  346 
Gens  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  896 
Gensburg  v.   Marshall   Field   &   Co., 

496,  5166,  1297 
Gentles  v.  Finck,  85a 
Gentry  v.  Kelley,  246 

V.  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.,  942 
Genung  v.  Baldwin,  487a 
George  v.  Bischoff,  688 

V.  Cahawba   &   M.    R.    R.,    613, 
614 

V.  Fisk,  926 

V.  Hesse,  777,  1030 

V.  Lane,  611 

V.  Law,  1326 

v.  Peckham,  946 
George  and  Richard,  The,  135,  699 
George  B.  Swift  Co.  v.  Dolle,  425 

V.  Gaylord,  1367 
George  R.   Barse  Live   Stock,  Com- 
mission Co.  V.  Adams,  531o 

V.  McKinster,  533,  535 


2872  TABLE 

[References 

George  W.  Eoby,  The,  103  Fed.  328; 

596a 
George  W.  Roby,  The,  111  Fed.  601; 

598 
George  Washington,  The,  588 
Georgetown  v.  Alexandria  Canal  Co., 
946 

«;.  Groff,  482,  484,  485 

V.  Kelly,  748 
Georgetown,  B.  &  L.  Ry.  v.  Doyle, 
127o 

i).  Eagles,  127a 
Georgetown,  W.  G.  E.  &  P.  Co.  v. 
Forwood,  1355 

V.  Neale,  67a 
Georgia  v.  Bond,  451 

V.  Kepford,  126(i,  444 
Georgia  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Bond,  578 

V.  Dorsey,  150 
Georgia  P.  R.  R.  v.  Fullerton,  318, 

435 
Georgia  R.  R.  v.  Augusta  0.  Cd.,  753 

V.  Hayden,  856 

V.  Olds,  372,  380 

V.  Pittman,  578,  581 
Georgia  R.  R.  &  B.  Co.  v.  Benton,  490 

V.  Berry,  942 

V.  Eskew,  1342 

V.  Gardner,  115  Ga.  954;  363 

V.  Gardner,  118  Ga.  723;  233 

V.  Garr,  583 

V.  Oaks,  1306 

V.  Smith,  306 
Geor^a  R.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Baker,  125  Ga. 
562;  865 

V.  Baker,   1    Ga.   App.   832;  42, 
43/ 

V.  Davis,  359 

V.  McAllister,  212 
Georgia  S.  &  F.  Ry.  v.  Ransom,  1342 
Gerard  v.  Cowperthwait,  676 

V.  Gateau,  682 
Gerbert  v.  Trustees,  1009 
Gerdes  v.  Christopher  &  S.  A.  I.  &  F. 

Co.,  1262 
Gerken  v.  Plimpton,  1349 

V.  Ruppert,  468 
Gerkins  v.  Kentucky  Salt  Co.,  383c, 

935 
GerU  V.  Poidebard  Silk  Mfg.  Co.,  107d 


OF  CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Germain  v.  Union  School  Dist.,  419, 

644,  657 
Germain  Fruit  Co.  v.  J.  K.  Armsby  Co., 

762 
German  v.  German,  301c 
German-American  Title  &  Trust  Co.  v. 

Citizens'  Trust  &  Surety  Co.,  679a 
German  Ins.  Co.  v.  Everett,  722 
German  Nat.  Bank  ti.  Beatrice  Nat. 

Bank,  700o 
German  Savings  Bank  v.  Citizens'  Nat. 

Bank,  302a 
German  Theological  SdioolK.  Dubuque, 

214b 
German  U.  B.  &  S.  F.  Assoc,  v.  Send- 

meyer,  627o 
Germann  v.  Crescioni,  448a 
Gerock  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  46a,  894d 
Gerow  v.  Liberty,  948 
Gerrish  v.  Edson,  555 

V.  New  Market  Manuf.  Co.,  64, 
66,  101 
Gerson  v.  Slemons,  153a 
Gerst  V.  St.  Louis,  316 
Gerwig  v.  W.  J.  Johnston  Co.,  363a 
Gest  V.  Cincinnati,  332 
Getchell  &  M.  L.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Peterson, 

678 
Gettwerth  v.  Teutonia  Ins.  Co.,  301, 

724 
Getty  V.  Hudson  River  R.  R.,  1182 

V.  Rountree,  1060 
Getz  V.  Philadelphia  &  R.  R.  R.,  1157, 

1169 
Getzelson  v.  Bernstein,  639 
Geveke  v.  Grand  Rapids  &  I.  R.  R.,  485 
Ghent  v.  Boyd,  334 
Gholson  V.  Brown,  688a 
Giaccomini  v.  Bulkeley,  184 
Gibboney  v.  R.  W.  Wayne  &  Co.,  1041 
Gibbons  v.  Bente,  636c 

V.  Missouri  Pacific  R.  R.,  1159 
Gibbs  V.  Bartlett,  689a 
V.  Bryant,  304 
V.  Bull,  555 
V.  Champion,  1007 
V.  Chase,  S5,  76 
V.  Chisolm,  345 
V.  Cruikshank,  540 
V.  Fremont,  301 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2873 


Gibbs  V.  Gildereleeve,  856a 

V.  Jemison,  1008 

V.  Poplar  Bluff  L.  &  P.  Co.,  1358 

V.  Ranard,  755 

V.  Tunaley,  1368 
Gibert  v.  Peteler,  1017 

V.  Washington,  C.  V.  M.  &  G.  S. 
R.  R.  R.,  346 
Gibler  v.  Terminal  R.  R.  Assoc,  171o 
Giblin  v.  Mclntyre,  41,  226/,  481,  485 
Gibney  v.  Lewis,  43t,  47 

V.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  67, 1360 

V.  Turner,  614,  615 
Gibson  v.  Boulton,  974 

t).  Carlin,  644,  660,  662,  1067 

V.  Cincinnati  Enquirer,  335 

V.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co.,  112 

V.  East  Tenn.  R.  R.,  865 

V.  Fidelity  &  Casualty  Co.,  1343 

V.  Fischer,  189 

p.  Humphrey,  54 

V.  Hutchins,  904 

V.  Marquis,  1027 

V.  Norwalk,  1149 

V.  Perry,  999c 

V.  Richart,  973 

V.  Shehan,  808a 

V.  Wheldon,  614 

V.  Whip  Pub.  Co.,  107d,  610,  664 
Giddings  v.  Sears,  834 
Giese  v.  Schultz,  47,  639 
Gieseke  v.  Johnson,  801 
Giesy  v.  Cincinnati,  W.  &  Z.  R.  R.,  1155 
Giffen  v.  Barr,  377o 

V.  Lewiston,  47 
Giffert  v.  West,  775 
Giffin  V.  Martel,  54 
Gifford  V.  Ferguson,  977 

V.  Waters,  834c 
Gilbert  v.  Bulkley,  966 

V.  fiurtenshaw,  349,  1325 

V.  Campbell,  127 

V.  Cherry,  1293 

V.  Grubel,  611 

V.  Kennedy,  69,  198,  221,  224,  927 

V.  Peck,  53 

V.  Rushmer,  968,  980 

V.  Savannah,  Grif&n  &  N.  A.  R.  R., 
65,  1130 

V.  Taylorj  301c 


Gilbert  v.  Wiman,  784,  793 
Gilbert  El.  Ry.,  In  re,  1192 
Gilbertson  v.  Richardson,  124 
Gilchrist  v.  Lumberman's  Mining  Co., 
842 

V.  Parrtidge,  1042 

V.  Weil,  999y 
Gilchrist,  The,  597a 
Gildersleevev.  Overstolz,  134,  365,  988o 
Gile  V.  Stevens,  64,  66,  1130 
Giles  V.  Dugro,  970,  973,  975 

V.  Eagle  Ins.  Co.,  714 

V.  O'Toole,  185,  607a,  984,  1293 
Gileson  v.  Minneapolis  &  St.  L.  R.  R., 

1342 
Gilhooley  v.  Washington,  999c 
Gilkey,  The,  v.  The  Beta,  589 
Gill  V.  Johnson-Brinkman  Com.  Co., 
737 

V.  Patten,  916 

«>.  Rochester  &  P.  R.  R.,  575 

V.  Staylor,  673d 

V.  Vogler,  659 
Gillam  v.  Hogue,  124 
Gillard  v.  Brittan,  1042 
Gillaspie  v.  Citizens'  Bank,  914 

V.  Hagans,  993 
Gillen  v.  Minneapolis,  S.  P.  &  S.  S.  M. 

Ry.,  1342 
Gillespie  v.  Brookljm  Heights  R.  R.,  47 

V.  Creswell,  793a,  801 

V.  Mayor,  341 

V.  Thomas,  999d 

V.  Torrance,  1040 
Gillespie,  In  re,  700 
Gillet  V.  Maynard,  3016,  1012a 

V.  Mead,  475 

V.  Van  Rensselaer,  304 
Gellett  V.  Kinderhook,  942 

V.  Moody,  363a 

V.  Rippon,  805 

V.  Western  R.  R.  Corp.,  316,  438 

V.  Whiting,  523 

V.  Young,  425 
Gillette  v.  Goodspeed,  76 
Gilley  v.  Williams,  909a 
Gilliam  v.  Canaday,  940 

V.  Globe  Tailoring  Co.,  432a 
Gillies  V.  Wofford,  317,  535 
Gilligan  v.  New  York  &  H.  R.  R.,  486c 


2874 


Table  oB"  cases 

[References  are  to  sections] 


Gilligan  v.  Providence,  1154a 

V.  Robb,  43h 

V.  Waterford,  673d 
Gillilan  v.  Rollins,  410 
Gillingham  v.  Dempsey,  844 
Gillis  V.  Cobe,  657 

V.  Space,  667 
GiUon  V.  Boddington,  866 
Gilman  v.  Andrews,  5166 

V.  Brown,  366,  385,  933 

V.  Gilman,  911,  913 

V.  Hall,  661 

V.  Haven,  956 

V.  IlUnbis  &  M.  T.  Co.,  906 

V.  Lowell,  452 

V.  McClatchy,  364,  1335 

V.  Noyes,  Hid,  125a 

V.  Vaughan,  310a 
Gilmore  v.  DriscoU,  932,  939 

V.  Mathews,  1254 

».  Pittsburgh,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1151, 
1152 

V.  Taylor,  1326 

V.  Tuttle,  324a 

V.  Wale,  363a 
Gilmour  v.  Hall,  419 
Gilpin  V.  Conseque,  295,  312,  313o,  319, 

734 
Gilreath  v.  Allen,  353,  361,  377 
Gih-oy,  In  re,  1169 
Gilson  V.  Collins,  1066 

V.  Wood,  432a 
Gingles  v.  Caldwell,  762 
Gingras  v.  Desilets,  360,  372 
Giordano  i;.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1207 
Girard  v.  Moore,  361,  665o 

V.  Taggart,  636d,  751,  756 
Girdlestone  v.  Porter,  911 
Gist  V.  Alexander,  270 

V.  M'Guire,  6853 
Gittings  V.  Winter,  505 
Givens  v.  Berkley,  385 

V.  Van  Studdiford,  924a,  947,  948 
Givhan  v.  Dailey,  672 
Glacius  V.  Black,  659 
Gladys  City  O.  G.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Right  of 

Way  of  Oil  Co.,  935 
Glanders  v.  Graff,  446 
Glascock  V.  Ashman,  692i 

V,  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R,,  854 


Glascock  V.  Hays,  83,  527 
Glaser  v.  Cumisky,  999/ 
Glasful  V.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  778 
Glasgow  V.  Hood,  665 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  214a 
Glasgow  Union  Ry.  v.  Hunter,  1090, 

1102 
Glaspell  V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  1030 
Glaspie  V.  Glassow,  614,  615 
Glaspy  V.  Cabot,  246 
Glass  V.  Garber,  96 
Glasscock  v.  Shell,  638c 
Glasse  v.  Stewart,  1009 
Glaucus,  The,  589 
Gleason  v.  Briggs,  302a,  311 

V.  Chester,  550 

V.  Morrison,  492a 

V.  Pinney,  279c 

V.  Smith,  657 
Gleaton  v.  Fulton  B.  &  C.  Mills,  407 
GledhiU  W.  P.  Co.  v.  Baltimore   &   O. 

R.  R.,  164 
Gleeson  v.  Virginia  Midland  Ry.,  119 
Glen  Jean  R.  R.  v.  Kanawha  R.  R.,  931, 

932 
Glendenning  v.  StaMey,  1167 
Glenn  v.  Mathews,  959 

I).  Schaffer,  519,  737 

V.  Thistle,  973 

V.  Whipple,  973 
Glennon  v.  Lebanon  Mfg.  Co.,  1066 
Glenogle,  The,  589 
Glenwoad  v.  Phillipps,  69 
Glezen  v.  Rood,  107d 
GUck  V.  Wm.  Home  Co.,  426 
Glidden  v.  Cincinnati,  1117,  1165o 

V.  Street,  316 
Globe  Ace.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Helwig,  731 
Globe  Refining  Co.  v.  Landa  Co.  O. 

Co.,  159 
Clock  V.  Howard  &  W.  C.  Co.,  1012a 
Gloucester  v.  Eschbach,  678 
Glover  v.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry., 
45a 

V.  Henderson,  834c 

V.  Holmes,  334 

V.  Hutson,  774 

V.  London  &  S.  W.  Ry.,  126a 

V.  McGaffey,  685 

V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1200 


Table  of  cases 

[References  are  to  sections] 


2875 


Glover  v.   North   Staffordshire   Ry., 
1078,  1093,  1096 

V.  Rochester  G.  I.  Co.,  302,  724 

V.  Western  U.  Tel.  Co.,  371a 
Glovinsky  v.  Cunard    Steamship    Co., 

873 
Glow  V.  Yount,  536 
Glucina  &  F.  H.  Goss  Brick  Co.,  1357 
Gluck  V.  Baltimore,  999d,  1157 
Glucose  Sugar  Refining  Co.  v.  Flinn, 

664 
Gniadck  v.  Northwestern  Imp.  &  Boom 

Co.,  2146 
Gobble  V.  Linder,  417,  1020 
Godard  v.  Fredericton  Boom  Co.,  189 
Godbey  v.  Bluefield,  1144 
Goddard  v.  B^en,  546 

V.  Barnard,  644 

V.  Binney,  751 

V.  Bulow,  303,  310 

V.  Enzler,  577 

V.  Foster,  314 

V.  G.  T.  Ry.,  42,  380 

V.  Westcott,  638,  6386,  638c 
Godeau  v.  Blood,  44,  47,  484 
Godfrey  v.  India  Wharf  Brew  Co.,  991 

V.  Moser,  312 

V.  White,  310o 
Godkin  v.  Bailey,  1031 
Godsall  V.  Boldero,  729,  1034 
Godwin  v.  Francis,  239o,  835,  836,  837, 
838 

V.  McGehee,  341 

V.  Taenzer,  504 

V.  Wihnington  &  W.  R.  R.,  435 
Goebel  v.  Hough,  182,  988a,  9906 

V.  Pomeroy  Bros.  Co.,  667 
Goebeler  v.  Wilhehn,  377 
Goesling  v.  Gross,  822 
Goetz  V.  Ambs,  22  Mo.  170;  1345 

ti.  Ambs,  27  Mo.  28;  363o,  366,  388, 
1326 
Goetzkow  Bros.  Co.  v.  Andrews,  163 
Go  Fun  V.  Fidalgo  Island  Canning  Co., 

416 
Goff  V.  Hawks,  1010 

V.  Miller,  704 

V.  Rehoboth,  303,  310,  314 
Gkiins  V.  Moberly,  1355 

V.  Western  R.  R.,  1326 


Gold  V.  Bissell,  42 

V.  CampbeU,  372,  461,  462,  463 
«.  Ives,  1039 
Gold  Hunter,  The,  317,  844, 
Goldberg  v.  Besdine,  992 
V.  Dobbertine,  449 
V.  Weinberger,  667 
Golden  v.  Knapp,  98 

V.  Spokane  &  I.  E.  R.  R.,  1367 
Golden  C.  M.  Co.  v.  Repson  C.  M.  Co., 

636d 
Golden   Gate   Lumbw   Co.    ».    Sahr- 

bacher,  659 
Golden  Gate  Mill,  etc.,  Co.  v.  Joshua 

Hendy  Mach.  Works,  335 
Golden  Grove,  The,  594 
Golden  Rule,  The,  589 
Colder  v.  Lund,  483 
Golding  V.  WilUams,  1334 
Goldsboro  v.  Moffett,  618 
Goldsborough  v.  Baker,  416 
Goldschmid  v.  New  York,  932 
Goldsmith  v..  Goldsmith,  301c 
V.  Hand,  655,  656,  657 
j«.v  Henderson,  854 
V.  Holland  Trust  Co.,  179,  622 
V.  Joy,  384,  487o 
Goldstein  v.  Asen,  988 
V.  Godfrey  Co.,  614 
V.  MiUer,  363 
Goldston  V.  Wade,  162 
GoUbart  v.  Sullivan,  462 
GoUer  v.  Fett,  503,  935 
Goltra  V.  Penland,  170a 
Gombert  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

482a 
Gomez  V.  Scanlan,  462,  681o 
Gonty,  Inre,  v.  Manchester, S.&L.  Ry., 

1093 
Gonzales  v.  De  Funiak  H.  T.  Co.,  682a 
Gonzales  College  v.  McHugh,  660,  662 
Good  V.  Caldwell,  301 

V.  Grit  Pub.  Co.,  448d,  451 
Goodall  V.  Thurman,  637,  639 
Goodbar  v.  Lindsley,  232,  565c,  685 
Goodbread  v.  Ledbetter,  449,  451 
Goodchap  v.  Roberts,  325 
Gooden  v.  Moses,  622 
Goodhart  v.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  67, 
181, 482,  484,  485a 


2876 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Goodhart  v.  Rastert,  343 

Goodhue  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894d 

Goodin  v.  Cincinnati  &  W.  C.  Go.,  1171 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  152 
Gooding  v.  Shea,  73 
Goodkind  v.  Rogan,  164o 
Goodloe  V.  Clay,  304 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1349 

V.  Rogers,  121,  121d 
Goodman  v.  Floyd,  532 

V.  Missouri  R.  R.,  316 

V.  Pocock,  667 

V.  Wolf,  1007 
Goodno  V.  Oshkosh,  41,  47,  180,  226/, 

481,  485,  1326,  1330 
Goodnow  V.  Litchfield,  304 

V.  Plumbe,  304 

V.  Willard,  103,  547 
Goodpaster  v.  Porter,  1024 
Goodrich  v.  Burlington  C.  R.  &  N.  Ry., 
486c 

V.  Church,  566 

V.  Dorset  Marble  Co.,  866 

V.  Foster,  545 

V.  Hubbard,  613,  636o,  6366,  636^, 
636fe 

V.  Starr,  554 

V.  Thompson,  816 
Goodrum  v.  Carroll,  692 
Goodsell  V.  Hartford  &  N.  H.  R.  R., 

5706 
Goodson  V.  Stewart,  930 
Goodtitle  v.  North,  907 

V.  Tombs,  901,  907 
Goodwin  v.  Davis,  304, 801 

V.  Mass.  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  729 

V.  Morse,  1060 

V.  Wilbur,  778 
Goodwine  v.  Evans,  1148,  1154, 1171 

V.  State,  692e 
Goodyear  Shoe  Machinery  Co.  «.  Selz, 

Schwab  &  Co.,  423 
Googins  V.  Gilmore,  81 
Gordon  v.  Anthony,  1232 

V.  Brewster,  90,  206,  666 

V.  Bruner,  1055 

V.  Butts,  202 

V.  Commissioners    of     Highways, 
1138 

V.  Constantine  Hydraulic  Co.,  132 


Gordon  v.  Grand  Rapids  &  I.  R.  R.> 
933 

V.  Hall,  917 

V.  Jenney,  536 

V.  Kansas  City  Southern  Ry.,  1350 

V.  Kennedy,  1277 

V.  Longest,  1285 

V.  Norris,  752,  753 

V.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  1270a 

V.  Ogden,  1285 

V.  Parker,  276 

V.  Potter,  668 

V.  Sanborn,  625 

V.  Victoria,  335 
Gore  V.  Brazier,  922,  962 

V.  Buck,  302a 

V.  Worthington,  901 
Gorey  s>.  Kelly,  1249 
Gorgas  v.  Phila.,  H.  &  P.  R.  R.,  144 
Pa.  1;  1130,  1X65 

».  Phila.,  H.  &  P.  R.  R.,  215  Pa. 
501;  253 
Gorgas,  The,  593 
Gorham  v.  Eastchester  El.  Co.,  933 

V.  Kansas  CXty  &  S.  Ry.,  86c,  1355 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  575 
Gorham  Co.  v.  United  E.  &  C.  Co.,  618 
Goring  v.  Fitzgerald,  4Z9g 
GormuUy  &  Jeffery  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Catha- 
rine, 497^ 
Gorman  v.  Bellamy,  660 

V.  Hand  Brewing  Co.,  1367 

V.  Marsteller,  929 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  865 

V.  Sutton,  447 
Gorton  v.  Harmon,  578 
Gosa  V.  Milwaukee  L.  H.  &  T.  Co.,  1148 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  359 
Gosdin  v.  Williams,  932 
Goslin  V.  Corry,  86 

V.  Hodson,  1066 
Gosman,  In  re,  338 
Goss  V.  Dysant,  774 

V.  Goss,  2216 
Gossett  V.  Railroad  Co.,  1117 
Gottsberger  v.  Smith,  69^' 
Gottschalk  v.  Jungmann,  1031 
Gough  V.  Farr,  637 

V.  State,  1247 
Gould  V.  Bishop  Hill  Colony,  331,  420 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2877 


Gould  V.  Emerson,  310a 

V.  Hudson  River  R.  R.,  6  N.  Y. 
522;  1182 

V.  Hudson  R.  R.  R.,  12  Barb.  616; 
1108,  1115 

V.  Merrill  Ry.  &  L.  Co.,  435o 

0.  Oliver,  717 

V.  Weed,,  449 
Gould  Const.  Co.  v.  Childera,  1367 
Goulding  v.  Hewitt,  106 
Gould's  Mfg.  Co.  V.  Cowing,  1243 
Goulet  V.  Asseler,  81 
Gourdier  v.  Cormaek,  69,  71 

V.  Thorp,  1067 
Gourdin  v.  Read,  1284 

V.  Trenholm,  807a 
Gove  V.  Watson,  55,  494,  1261 
.  Governor  v.  Allen,  692 

».  Barr,  692i 

V.  Cobb,  692d 

V.  Pearoe,  692a 

V.  Raley,  692i 
Governor  &  Co.  of  British  C.  P.  Manuf . 

V.  Merideth,  1108 
Governor  of  B.  C.  P.  Mfgrs.  v.  Mere- 
dith, 1107 
Govin  i;.  DeMiranda,  317,  493o 
Gowen  v.  Gerrish,  411 
Gower  v.  Carter,  331 

V.  Saltmarsh,  407,  415 
Gowland  v.  De  Farria,  286 
Grabenheimer  v.  Blum,  440 
Grable  v.  Margrave,  352,  376,  385 
Grace  v.  Dempsey,  466 

V.  McArthur,  1335 
Grace  Girdler,  The,  587 
Grace  &  Hyde  Co.  v.  Strong,  584o,  1367 
Gracy  v.  Potts,  340b 
Grade  Crossing  Comrs.,  In  re,  1169 
Graeber  v.  Derwin,  482 
Graeme  v.  CuUen,  346 
Graessle  v.  Carpenter,  932,  933,  938 
Graeter  v.  De  Wolf,  677 
Graf  V.  Law,  648 
Graff  V.  Blumberg,  667 

V.  Illinois  Steel  Co.,  1355 
Grafton  v.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  R.  R., 

1152o 
Grafton  Bank  v.  Flanders,  819 

V.  White,  556 


Grafton  &  G.  R.  R.  v.  Foreman,  1144 
Gragg  V.  Richardson,  983 
Graham  v.  Baker,  956 

V.  Bardin,  759 

V.  Bickham,  678,  679 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  303 

V.  Chrystal,  309 

V.  Connerville  v.  N.  C.  J.  R.  R., 
1174 

V.   Consolidated  Trac.   Co.,   574, 
1367 

V.  Dyer,  981 

V.  Eiszner,  2125 

V.  Frazier,  734 

V.  Fulford,  1254 

V.  Geneva  Lake  C.  Mfg.  Co.,  1222, 
1244 

V.  Graham,  1020 

V.  Hackwith,  1007 

V.  Jackson,  751 

V.  Leslie,  959,  961 

V.  McCoy,  622 

V.  McCreary,  565a 

V.  Maitland,  244,  824 

V.  Mattoon  City  Ry.,  1303,  1363 

V.  Merchant,  324a 

V.  O'Callaghan,  531 

V.  Pacific  R.  R.,  366,  387,  1326 

V.  Peat,  931 

V.  Pittsburgh  &  L.  E.  R.  R.,  1175 

V.  Piano  Mfg.  Co.,  1230 

V.  Rookford,  1347 

V.  St.  Charles  St.  R.  R.,  380 

V.  State,  693 

V.  Swigeit,  688 
,  V.  WilUams,  310 

V.  Wilson,  1052 

V.  Woodson,  309 
Grainger  v.  Hill,  42 
Grams  V.  Murphy,  680 
Grand  Avenue   Railroad   v.   Citizens' 

Raihoad,  1150 
Grand  Haven  v.  United  States  F.  & 

G.  Co.,  692d 
Grand  Lodge  v.  Knox,  1053,  1055 
Grand  Lodge  A.  0.  U.  W.  v.  Cleg- 
horn,  677 
Grand  Rapids  v.  Bennett,  1152a 
Grand    Rapids,   City   of,  v.   Bennett, 
1165 


2878 


Grand  R.  &  B.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Van  Dusen, 

613,  614,  636re 
Grand  Rapids  &  I.  R.  R.  v.  Heisel, 
1110,  1165 

V.  Horn,  1148 

V.  Weiden,  1169 
Grand  Rapids  Booming  Co.  v.  Jarvia, 

71,  1116,  1154a,  1157 
Grand  Rapids  Savings  Bank  v.  Warren, 

301a.- 
Grand  Tower  Co.  v.  Phillips,  246,  425, 

603,  738,  739,  742,  753 
Grand  Tronc  C.  E.  v.  Black,  630 
Grand  T.  Ry.  v.  Beckett,  67a 

V.  Central  Vermont  Co.,  3406,  346 

V.  Jennings,  67o,  574a 

V.  Vermont  Central  R.  R.,  311/ 
Grandin  v.  Reading,  671 
Granger  v.  City  of  Syracuse,  1128 
Granite  State,  The,  243a,  592,  595 
Grannis  v.  St.   Paul   &   Chicago   Ry., 

1148 
Grant  v.  Astle,  1276 

V.  Button,  1073 

V.  Edwards,  3116 

V.  Egyptian,  214 

V.  Elliot  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  725 

V.  Healey,  275 

V.  Herald  Co.,  368 

V.  King,  317,  493 

«.;  Lawrence,  803 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  942 

V.  Willey,  639a 

V.  Wolf,  924 
Grant  County  v.  Lake  Coimty,  337 
Grant  Park  v.  Trah,  1138 
Grantham  v.  Severs,  431 
Grantier  v.  Austin,  975,  982 
Grasselli  v.  Lowden,  418 
Grasser  &  Brand  Brewing  Co.  v.  Bog- 

ers,  6956 
Grattan  v.  Suedmeyer,  171o 
Grau  V.  McVicker,  213 
Gravel  v.  Clough,  5166 
Gravenstine'S  Estate,  305 
Graver  v.  ShoU,  99 
Graves  v.  Baltimore  &  N.  Y.  Ry.,  436 

V.  Barnes,  3116 

V.  Berdan,  999c 

V,  Brownson,  984 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 

Graves  v.  Dash,  31,  700 


V.  Glass,  6476,  647c 

V.  Moore,  237,  238 

W.Otis,  1108 

V.  Rivers,  6386,  639 

V.  Saline  Co.,  337,  339 

V.  Spier,  777 

V.  Waller,  19  Conn.  90;  1277 

V.  Waller,  4  Ky.  L.  Rep.  452;  345 
Gray  v.  Bass,  821 

V.  Briscoe,  6  Bush.  687;  330 

V.  Briscoe,  Noy,  142;  975 

V.  Brooklyn  Union  Pub.  Co.,  448c 

V.  BuUard,  1268 

V.  Case  School  of  Applied  Science, 
3eic 

V.  Central  R.  R.,  157  N.  Y.  483; 
313 

V.  Central  R.  R.,  89  Hun,  477;  312 

V.  Crosby,  400,  420 

V.  District  of  Columbia,  337 

V.  Elzroth,  449,  451 

V.  Granger,  1032 

V.  Hall,  734 

V.  Harris,  33 

«;.  Henry  County,  1296 

V.  Knoxville,  1117 

V.  Linton,  366,  988a 

V.  McLean,  684 

V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  11986 

V.  Meek,=  l024 

V.  Missouri'  R.  P.  Co.,  317,  844 

V.  Murray,  623,  672,  817 

V.  New  Jersey  Cent.  R.  R.,  312 

t).  PhilUps,  577  • 

V.  Portland  Bank,  519,  746 

V.  Rdllo,  1032 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R.,  852 

V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Sampers,  377 

V.  State,  338 

V.  Stevens,  432o 

V.  Telegraph  Co.,  894 

V.  Van  Amringe,  314 

e.  Wain,  841 

V.  Washington  Water  Power  Co., 
47,  484 

V.  Waterman,  125a,  383a  927 
Gray  Eagle,  The,  587 
Graybill  v.  DeYoung,  443 


TABLE   OP  CASB& 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2879 


Graybill  v.  Warren,  301c 

Gray-Meek  P.  B.  Co.  v.  McNaUy,  1357 

Grays  Harbor  Boom  Co.  v.  Lownsda,le, 

253,  1161 
Grays  Harbor  Commercial  Co.  v.  Con-. 

tinental  Nat.  Bank,  819 
Grayson  v.  Wilkinson,  814,  831 
Greasley  v.  Higginbqttom,  128 
Greasly  v.  Codling,  35 
Great  Lakes  Towing  Co.  v.  Kelley,  593 
Great  Northern  Ry.  v.  Shepherd,  873 
Great  W.  P.  Co.  v.  Tucker,  618 
Great  Western  Ry.  v.  Ackroyd,  1172a 

V.  Miller,  380 

V.  Redmayne,  152,  856 
Greaves  v.  Newport,  682a 
Grebert-Borgnis  v.  Nugent,  161,  740, 

742 
Grecian  Monarch,  The,  1330 
Greeley  v.  Stilson,  497 
Greeley,  St.  L.  &  P.  Ry.  ».  Yeager, 
358 

V.  Yount,  293 
Greely  v.  Bartlett,  834 

V.  Tremont  Insurance  Gompfiny, 
717 
Green  v.  Ansley,  1023 

V.  Batson,  1053 

V.  Bell,  992 

V.  Biddle,  906,  908,  916,  954 

V.  B.  &  L.  R.  R.,  251a,  844 

V.  California,  1115 

V.  Catawba  Power  Co.,  172o 

V.  Chicago,  1138 

V.  Qarke,  88 

V.  Craig,  347,  366,  372 

V.  Davies,  105 

V.  Bales,  991,  992 

V.  Eden,  999A 

V.  Edick,  83 

V.  Fall  River,  1147 

V.  Parmer,  499 

V.  Farmers'    Consol.    Dairy    Co., 
603,  610 

V.  Garcia,  317 

V.  Gilbert,  672 

V.  Haley,  6555 

V.  Hudson  R.  R.  R.,  579 

V.  Hulett,  665 

V.  Irving,  979 


Green  v.  McCracken  1299 

V.  Mann,  190,  221,  226n,  992 

V,  Middlesex  R.  R.,  1309 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  486 

V.  Plank,  1293 

V.  Price,  418 

V.  Quisenberry,  685fc 

V.  Shoemaker  &  Co.,  43ft 

V.  Sizer,  278 

V.  South  Bound  R.  R.,  1174 

V.  Southern  C.  Ry.,  578 

V.  Southern  Express  Co.,  1328 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  578 

V.  Spencer,- 637,  639 

V.  Sperry,  53 

V.  Stacy,  310a 

V.  Stephens,  55 

V.  Sun  Co.,  74 

V.  Weaver,  106 

V.  Williams,  183,  189,  984 

V.  Witte,  762 
Green;  BayA'  M.  C.  Co.  v.  Kaukauna" 

W.  P.  Co.,  941 
Green-Wheeler  Shoe  Co.  v.  Chioagp,:, 

R.  I."  &-P.  Ry.,  119,  1196,  119c 
Greenbaum  v.  Martinez,  229 

«.  Taylor,  1295 
Greenberg  v.  Western  Turf  Ass'n.,  385 
Greene  v.  Allen,  1054 

V.  Bateman,  750 

V.  Creightonj  980a 

V.  Goddard,  179,  622 

V.  Linton,  672,  1039 

V.  N.  Y.  Central  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
1195 

V.  Tallman,   969,  973,  979,  980a, 
981 

».  Waggoner,  227 
Greeney  v.  Pa.  Co.,  363a,  364,  365,  366 
Greenfield  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry., 

933 
Greenfield  Bank  v.  Leavitt,  55,  494c, 

519    . 
Greenfield  Savings  Bank  v.  Simons,  316, 

828 
Greenhaw  v:  Holmes,  326 
Greening  v.  Wilkinson,  508 
Greenish  v.  Standard  Sugar  Refinery, 

341 
Greenleaf  v.  Cook,  1053 


2880 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


[References 


Greenleaf  v.  Kellogg,  345 

V.  McColley,  040 

V.  Stockton  C.  H.  &  A.  Works, 
411 

V.  Yale  Lock  Mfg.  Co.,  1222 
Greenley  v.  Brooks,  769 
Greenly  v.  Hopkins,  303 
Greensboro  v.  McGibboney,  107a 
Greensborough  v.  Young,  1108 
Greenup  v.  Stoker,  91,  639a 
Greenvault  v.  Davis,  964 
Greenville  &  Columbia  R.  R.  v.  Part- 
low,  364,  373,  1148 
Greenwald  v.  Ins.  Co.,  723o 
Greenway  o.  Taylor  County,  485,  1355 
Greenwell  v.  Ross,  613,  858 
Greenwood  v.  Davis,  614,  636/ 

V.  The  Fletcher,  689 

V.  Hoyt,  1012 

V.  King,  576 

V.  Pierce,  1030 
Greenwood  County  v.  Kansas  City, 

etc.,  R.  R.,  1167 
Greer  v.  Fontaine,  917 

0.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1357 

V.  Latimer,  3146 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  1306 

V.  Mayor,  317 

V.  New  York,  72 

V.  Powell,  493a 

V.  Tweed,  407,  419 

V.  Vamell,  134 

V.  White,  368 
Gregg  V.  Bank,  515 

V.  Fitzhugh,  516c,  745,  747 

V.  Baltimore,  217,  1151 

V.  Northern  R.  R.,  1162 
Gregg's  Case,  675c 
Gregory  v.  Brooks,  126d 

V.  Chambers,  241 

V.  Coleman,  1258 

V.  The  Duke  of  Brunswick,  1277 

V.  McDowel,  738 

V.  New  York,  L.  E.  &  W.  Ry.,  485 

V.  R.  R.,  580a 

V.  Sewing  Mach.  Co.,  301 

V.  Slaughter,  1349,  1355 

V.  Spieker,  632 

V.  Williams,  443 

V.  Woodbury,  540 


are  to  sections] 

Gresham  v.  Taylor,  191,  937 

Gress  Lumber  Co.  v.  Coody,  316,  319 

Gressman  v.  Morning  Journal  Assoc. 

384 
Greve  v.  First  Div.  S.  P.  &  P.  R.  R., 

1175 
Grey  v.  Grant,  350 
Greymouth,   P.   E.   R.   &   C.   Co.   v. 

Mclvor,  67,  67o 
Gribble  ».  Ford,  308a 
Grice  o.  Noble,  608 

V.  Scarborough,  970,  976,  978 
Grider  v.  Tally,  692^ 
Gridley  v.  Capen,  794 
Grier  v.  Ward,  226c,  384 

V.  St.  Louis,  M.  B.  T.  R.  R.,  119 
Griesheimer  v.  Botham,  987 
Grieve  v.  North  Jersey  St.  Ry.,  1367 
Griffen  v.  Sprague  Electric  Co.,  607 
Griffey  v.  Kennard,  908 
GriflSn  ».  Bonham,  3116 

«;.  Brown,  241 

i>.  Colver,  30,  145,  1716,  176,  190 

V.  Gorman,  8l9 

».  Levee  Com.,  692/ 

V.  Martel,  1296,  1298 

V.  Miner,  659 

V.  Ogletree,  614 

V.  Pennsylvania  S.  V.  R.  R.,  1149 

V.  Regan,  922 

V.  Reynolds,  975 

V.  Roanoke  R.  &  L.  Co.,  4S9d 

V.  Shreveport,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1123 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  366 

«.  Underwood,  692i 
Griffing  Bros.  Co.  v.  Winfield,  87,  620, 

636ff 
GriflSth  V.  Baltimore,  etc.,  R.  R.,  335 

V.  Burden,  257 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  R.  R.,  1348 
Griffiths  V.  Perry,  628 
Griggs  V.  Day,  136  N.  Y.  152;  256 

V.  Day,  158  N.  Y.  1;  107a,  511,  512 

V.  Detroit  &  M.  R.  R.,  973 

V.  Ganford,  312 

V.  Griggs,  303 
Grigsby  v.  Day,  256 
Grill  V.  General  I.  S.  C.  Co.,  368 
Grimes  v.  Blake,  345 

V.  Bowerman,  467 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2881 


[References 

Grimes  v.  Hagood,  304 

V.  Reese,  1070 

V.  Watkins,  317 

V.  Wilson,  908 
Grimested  v.  Lofgren,  3836 
Grimmelman  v.  Union  Pac.  R.  R.,  580a 
Grimshaw  v.  Bender,  700 
Grindle  v.  Eastern  Express  Co.,  168, 

212,  623,  817,  856o 
Grinnell  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  875,  876 

V.  Wells,  471 
Gripton  v.  Thompson,  377a 
Grisell  v.  Noel  Brothers  Flour  Feed  Co., 

673d 
Griser  v.  Schoenborn,  385 
Grisham  v.  Bodman,  55,  565a 
Grissler  v.  Powers,  777 
Grissom  V.  Sorrell,  1027 

V.  Hofius,  1364 
Grist  V.  Hodges,  956,  1258 
Griswold  V.  Chandler,  692i 

V.  Haven,  493 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  172 

V.  New  York  I.  Co.,  710 

V.  Sabin,  1023 

V.  St.  Louis,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1110 

t).  Union  Mut.  Ins.  Co.,  714 
Griveaud  v.  St.  Louis  Cable  &  W.  Ry., 

482 
Groat  V.  Gillespie,  682 

V.  United  Ry.,  1270a 
Groesbeck  v.  Harris,  973 
Groff  V.  Philadelphia,  1120 
Grommes  v.  St.  Paul  Trust  Co.,  999o 
Gronan  v.  Kukkuck,  47,  487o,  1270 
Groover  v.  Warfield,  76,  753 
Grosbeck  v.  Harris,  981 
Grose  v.  Hennessey,  762,  774 
Grosjean  v.  Galloway,  1027 
Gross  V.  Davis,  807,  8076,  808 

V.  Hays,  370 

V.  Heckert,  984,  984a 

V.  Hochstim,  641 

V.  Kierski,  774 
Grossman  v.  R.  R.,  1117 
Grosvemor  v.  Cook,  678 

V.  Ellis,  319 
Grotenkemper  v.  Harris,  579 
Grotton  v.  Glidden,  487 
Grout  V.  Cooper,  914 

181 


are  to  sections] 

Grout  V.  Townsend,  964 
Grove  v.  Bush,  Q85g 

V.  Wallace,  685i 

V.  Yonell,  988 
Grover  &  B.  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Bulkley,  664 
Groves  v.  Sentell,  341 
Growbarger  v.  United  States  F.  &  G. 

Co.,  681a,  692i 
Grubb  V.  Burford,  996 
Grubbi  v.  Grubbi,  305 
Grubbs  v.  Pence,  638,  6386 

V.  N.  S.  Home  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Gruber  v.  Baker,  439a 
Grugan  v.  Philadelphia,  1150,  1168 
Gruman  v.  Smith,  228e,  512,  828 
Grand  v.  Pendergast,  842 

V.  Tucker,  334 

V.  Van  Vleck,  378, 
Grundy  ».  Grundy,  3016 

V.  Young,  685sr 
Guadelupo   y   Calvo   Mining   Co.   v. 

Beatty  673c 
Guarantee  Co.  v.  Mechanics'  Savings 

Bank  &  Trust  Co.,  301 
Guarantee  T.  &  S.  D.  Co.  v.  E.  C.  Drew 
Inv.  Co.,  934 

V.  Holsell,  933,  934 
Gubbitosi  v.  Rothschild,  1372 
Guengerech  v.  Smith,  34  la.  348;  385 

V.  Smith,  36  la.  687;  386 
Guenther  v.  Taylor,  734,  742a 
Guerard  v.  Rivers,  969 
Guernsey  v.  Carver,  636ff 

V.  Phinizy,  334 

V.  Shellman,  234 
Guerry  v.  Kerton,  1330 
Guess  V.  Stone  Mountain  Granite  Co., 

1123 
Guest  V.  Macpherson,  359,  377,  386 
Guetzkow  V.  Andrews,  740,  770 
Guice  V.  Crenshaw,  734 

V.  Harvey,  444 
Guignon  v.  First  Nat.  Bank,  311/ 
Guild  V.  Guild,  229 

Guildford  v.  Anglo-French   S.   S.   Co., 
370 

V.  Cornell,  685y 
Guille  V.  Swan,  128 
Guillou  V.  Farnshaw,  753,  755 
Guin  V.  Moultrie,  1138 


2882  TABLE 

[References 

Guinn  v.  Iowa  &  S.  L.  Ry.,  331a 

».  Ohio  River  R.  R.,  1144 

V.  Phoenix  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Guinotte  v.  Chouteau,  964 
Guiteman  v.  Davis,  275 
Guiterman  v.  Liverpool,  N.  Y.  &  P.  S. 

S.  Co.,  852,  1298 
Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  v.  Bagby,  214o 

V.  Barber,  162 

ti.  Beall,  570 

I).  Booth,  171o 

V.  Boyce,  1367 

V.  Brown,  1354 

V.  Butler,  854 

V.  Calhoun,  316 

V.  Campbell,  229 

V.  Carter,  937 

V.  Chinski,  856 

V.  Clark,  70 

V.  Compton,  75  Tex.  667;  581 

V.  Compton,  38  S.  W.  220;  856a 

V.  Coulter,  852 

V.  Craft,  171,  1261,  1265 

V.  Cusenberry,  86  Tex.  525;  75 

V.  Cusenberry,  5  Tex.  Civ.  App 
114;  937o 

V.  Delancy,  1367 

V.  Dorsey,  1349 

V.  Dunham,  221 

V.  Dunlap,  316,  317 

V.  Dunman,  1012a 

V.  Duvall,  1367 

V.  Eddins,  846 

V.  Evansich,  4866 

V.  Finley,  573a,  577,  578 

V.  Fuller,  1143 

V.  Gilbert,  854 

V.  Gillespie,  852 

V.  Graves,  316 

V.  Gray,  324a 

t).  Grisom,  86c 

V.  Haskell,  937,  942 

V.  Hartley,  88 

V.  Hayter,  43ft 

V.  Helsley,  942,  947 

V.  Hepner,  95 

V.  Hodge,  161,  843a 

V.  HoUiday,  318   , 

V.  Hume,  843o,  852 

V.  Humphries,  324a 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  V.  Jackson,  667, 
675 

V.  Jagoe,  317,  318,  937a 

V.  Johnson,  54  Fed.  474;  316 

V.  Johnson,  10  Tex.  Civ.  App.  254; 
1306,  1367 

V.  Keith,  432a,  438 

V.  Levy,  45o,  894,  896 

V.  Loonie,  881,  882,  895 

V.  Luther,  43y,  1342 

V.  Lyons,  1151 

V.  McCarty,  316,  856 

V.  McCormick,  865 

t>.  McFadden,  380a 

V.  McGowan,  937 

V.  McMannewitz,  223 

V.  McMurrough,    75,    21^c,    220, 
938 

V.  Mangham,  1306 

V.  Martin,  843 

V.  Matthews,  937a 

V.  Milan,  1167 

V.  Moore,  28  Tex.  Civ.  App.  603; 
1307 

V.  Moore,  39  S.  W.  987;  1342 

V.  Nelson,  856a 

V.  Nicholson,  937 

V.  Overton,  42,  iSg,  860 

V.  Patterson,  1297 

t).  Pettit,  854 

V.  Pool,  937 

V.  Reed,  225,. 948 

V.  Reggan,  937a 

V.  Richards,  948,  1165c 

V.  Royall,  1367 

V.  Sain,  1342 

V.  St.  John,  1342 

V.  Sauter,  43*:,  1355 

V.  Simonton,  201 

V.  Southwick,  573,  578 

V.  Stanley,  852 

V.  Trott,  43/ 

V.  Wards,  412 

V.  Warner,  1356 

V.  Wedel,  318 

V.  Wilson,  876 

V.  Younger,  580,  583 
Gulf  Stream,  The,  588 
Gulf,  C.  &  L,  I.  Ry.  V.  Nelson,  856a 
Gulf  P.  L.  Co.  V.  Brymer,  937,  937a 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2883 


Gulf,  W.  T.  &  P.  Ry.  V.  Holzheuser,43/i;, 
484,  485 

V.  Staton,  852 
Guli  V.  West,  1023 
Gulliver  v.  Drinkwater,  920 

V.  Fowler,  995 
Gumb  V.  Twenty-third  St.  Ry.,  483 
Gunderson  v.  Northwestern  Elevator 

Co.,  575,  1367 
Gundy  v.  Nye-Schneider-Fowler  Co., 

580 
Gunel  V.  Cue,  789 
Gunn  V.  Burghart,  244,  495 

V.  Head,  343 

V.  Howell,  341 

V.  MiUer,  334 
Gunotte  v.  Chouteau,  975 
Gunter  v.  Astor,  182,  470 

V.  Beard,  979,  980a,  981 

V.  Cleyton,  548 
Gurdon  &  Ft.  S.  Ry.  v.  Calhoun,  1358 
Gurley  v.  MacLennan,  828 
Gurr  V.  W.  U.  T.  Co.,  109 
Gusdorif  V.  Duncan,  363a,  378 
Gussow  V.  Beinson,  416 
Gustafson  v.  Rustenleyer,  1027 

V.  Wind,  1263 
Guston  V.  Jose,  933 
Guthman  v.  Castleberry,  1057 
Guthrie  v.  Pugsley,  975,  976,  981 

V.  Russell,  980 

V.  Stockton,  999o 

V.  Wickliffe,  295,  334 
Gutney  v.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  873 
Gutschneider  v.  Pirosnick,  6336 
Gutta  Percha  &  R.  M.  Co.  v.  Benedict, 
301 

V.  Cleburne,  762 
Guttner  v.  Pacific  Steam  Whaling  Co., 

76 
Gutzweiler  v.  Lachman,  911 
Guy  V.  Cahley,  822 

V.  Doak,  631a 

V.  Franklin,  4,  334 
Guyandot  v.  Ry.  Co.,  1149a,  1155 
Guyer  v.  Davenport,  R.  I.  &  N.  W.  R. 

R,.,  1109 
Guyon  v.  Serrill,  1229 
Gwaltney  v.  Southern  Timber  Co.,  69, 
76,  363a 


Gwin  V.  Barton,  692i 
V.  Breedlove,  269 
Gwinn  v.  Whitaker,  334 
Gwynn  v.  Citizens  Tel.  Co.,  383c 
Gyger  v.  Courtney,  685j 

H 

H.  D.  Taylor  Co.  v.  Niagara  Bedstelad 

Co.,  752 
H.  D.  Wetmore  &  Co.  v.  Henry,  734 
H.  F.  Diinock,  The,  243,  420a 
H.   G.    HoUoway   &    Bro.    v.   White- 
Dunham  Shoe  Co.,  157 
H.  G.  Vogel  Co.  V.  Lockport  Glass  Co., 

3146 
H.  P.  Phillips  &  Co.  V.  Pruitt,  1364 
H.  T.  Smith  Co.  v.  Minetto-Meriden 

Co.,  617 
Haag  V.  Cooley,  451 
Haas  V.  Dudley,  218,  972 

V.  Hudmon,  734 

V.  Kansas  City,  F.  S.  &  G.  R.  R., 
856 

V.  Powers,  1337 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  482o 
Habeler  v.  Rogers,  753 
Habenocht  v.  Lisak,  755 
Haberman  v.  Gasser,  387 
Haberzettle  v.  Trinity  &  B.  V.  Ry.,  152 
Hack  V.  Dady,  43h,  43i 

V.  Noiris,  307 
Hackenburg  v.  Shaw,  411 
Hacker  v.  Heiney,  47,  446 

V.  Blake,  973 

V.  Johnson,  6916 
Hackett  v.  B.  C.  &  M.  R.  R.,  55,  848 

V.  Richards,  1275 

V.  Smelsley,  347,  1255 

V.  Wisconsin  Cent.  Ry.,  1306,  1367 
Hackney  v.  Delaware  &  A.  T.  &  C.  Co., 

574o 
Haddane  Gr.  Co.  v.  Brooklyn  H.  R.  R., 

734 
Hadden  v.  Metropolitan  El.  R.  R.,  1208 

V.  Southern  Messenger  Service,  154, 
370 
Haddock  v.  Taylor,  1028,  1030 
Haden  v.  Sioux  C.  &  P.  R.  R.,  482,  485 

V.  Swepston,  681a 


2884  TABLE 

[References 

Hadley  v.  Ayers,  310 

V.  Baxendale,  144,  152,  1018 

V.  Insurance  Co.,  725 

V.  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co., 
879 
Hadsell  v.  Hancock,  238 
Haehl  v.  Wabash  R.  R.,  377a,  380,  584 
Haff  V.  Pilling,  734,  737 
Haffke  v.  Coffin,  407 
Hafner  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Lieber  L.  &  S.  Co., 

734 
Hagaman  v.  Moore,  1148,  1293 
Hagan  v.  Providence  &  W.  R.  R.,  360, 
380 

V.  Rawle,  161 

V.  Riley,  86a,  240 
Hagar  v.  England  M.  M.  I.  Co.,  714, 
716 

V.  Norton,  492a 
Hager  v.  Blake,  330,  343 
Hagerty  v.  Nashua  Lock  Co.,  663,  673o 
Haggan  v.  Posley,  81 
Haggard  v.  Algona  Ind.  School  Dist., 

1117,  1148,  1154 
Haggart  v.  Morgan,  679 
Haggin  v.  Price,  615 
Hagood  V.  Aikin,  334 

V.  Blythe,  676 
Hahiat  v.  Codde,  637 
Hahl  V.  Brooks,  1027 
Hahn  v.  Bettingen,  81  Mmn.  91;  638c 

V.  Bettmgen,  84  Minn.  512;  637 

V.  Concordia  Society,  426 

V.  Cotton,  99,  101 

V.  Cummings,  1027 

V.  Horstman,  186,  407,  411,  413, 
419 

V.  St.  Louis,  K.  C.  &  C.  R.  R.,  854, 
856 
Haigh  V.  De  la  Cour,  713 
Haight  V.  Hoyt,  50  Conn.  583;  1326 

V.  Hoyt,  19  N.  Y.  464;  1027 

».  McVeagh,  311 

V.  Pine,  301c 
Haile  v.  Hill,  536a 

V.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.,  43/,  43A 
Haine  v.  Dunlap,  109 
Hainer  v.  Lee,  535 
Haines  v.  Pearson,  57^ 

V.  Schultz,  353,  397,  360,  378,  380o 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Haines  v.  Stilwell,  303 

V.  Tucker,  753 

V.  Young,  646a 
Hair  v.  Barnes,  183 

V.  Little,  317,  1279 
Haish  V.  Pollock,  913 
Haislip    V.  Wilmington,   etc.,   R.   R., 

1148,  1165a 
Haist  V.  Bell,  618,  €44 
Haitt  V.  Allen,  294 
Halbert  v.  State,  692/ 
Halcomb  v.  Stubblefield,  565c 
Haldeman  v.  Berry,  1042 

V.  Jennings,  411 
Hale  i;.  Hall,  677 

V.  Hess,  613,  617,  636a 

V.  James,  922 

V.  New  Orleans,  331a,  962 

V.  San  Bernardino  V.  T.  Co.,  367 

i;.  Thomas,  675c 

V.  Trout,  613,  615,  752 

V.  Washington  Ins.  Co.,  718 
Hales  V.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  162, 

226c,  856 
Halestrap  v.  Gregory,  148 
Haley  v.  Dorchester  M.  &  F.  I.  Co.,  726 

V.  Mfg.  F.  &  M.  I.  Co.,  725 

V.  Solvay  Process  Co.,  1359 
Halfif  V.  O'Connor,  414 
Halfpenny  v.  Bell,  1031 
Hall  V.  Bramell,  531a 

V.  Brooks,  549 

V.  Cadillac,  1216,  1270a 

V.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  Ry.,  1371 

V.  Clark,  1053 

V.  Crowley,  419 

V.  Gushing,  692^ 

V.  Dean,  967,  973 

V.  Deaton,  69 

V.  Delaplaine,  959,  1007,  1008 

V.  Edrington,  637 

V.  Farmers'  &  C.  S.  B.,  302a 

V.  Gale,  970,  975 

V.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry.,  573a 

V.  Germain,  1306 

V.  Gould,  999/ 

V.  Hall,  42  Ind.  586;  807a,  1258 

V.  Hall,  8  Vt.  156;  334 

I/.  Horton,  984,  984a 

V.  Iluckins,  301 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2885 


Hall  V.  Jordan,  336 

V.  Manson,  486 

V.  Middleby,  414 

V.  Nash,  785 

V.  Nix,  80o 

V.  North  Pass.  C.  R.  R.,  1367 

V.  Northern  &  Southern  Co.,  636d 

V.  Northwest  Lumber  Co.,  1348 

V.  Ocean  Ins.  Co.,  711 

V.  Pierce,  753 

V.  Rising  Sun  Ins.  Co.,  716 

V.  Scott,  345 

V.  Smith,  689 

V.  South  Carolina  Ry.,  363o 

V.  Stem,  1239 

V.  Stewart,  193b 

V.  Storrs,  823 

V.  Tillman,  110  N.  C.  220;  533, 535, 
536,  538 

V.  Tillman,  115  N.  C.  500;  691a 

V.  Virginia,  302 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  888 

V.  White,  686 

V.  Wiles,  1227,  1229 

V.  York,  1011 
Hall,  The,  595 
Hall's  Appeal,  1047 
Hallack  v.  Johnson,  1353 
Hallack  Lumber  &  Manuf .  Co.  v.  Gray, 
.   497c 
Hallam  v.  Telleren,  331 

V.  Todhunter,  1028 
Hallett  V.  Novion,  295 

V.  Taylor,  1012 

V.  Wylie,  999c 
Halliday  v.  Holgate,  80,  259 
Hallidie  Mach.  Co.  v.  Hayden-Coeur 

d'Alene  Irr.  Co.,  12866 
HalUgan  v.  Wade,  999d 
Hallock  V.  Becher,  804,  806, 1261 

V.  Franklin  County,  1160 

V.  Mnier,  443 

V.  Slater,  413 
Halloway  v.  Lacy,  673/ 
Hallowell  v.  Guntle,  451 
Hallum  V.  Dickinson,  335 
Halness  v.  Anderson,  1332,  1339 
Halsey  v.  Bird,  821 

V.  Hurd,  734 

V.  Lehigh  V.  R.  R.,  74,  926 


Halsey  v.  Woodruff,  1279 

Halstead  v.  Nelson,  172o,  234,  443,  444 

V.  Sigler,  933 

V.  VandaUa  R.  R.,  1161 
Halsted  v.  Meeker,  3116 
Halsted  Lumber  Co.  v.  Sutton,  734, 

742 
Halwerson  v.  Cole,  841 
Ham  V.  Goodrich,  651 

V.  Hill,  789 

V.  Railway,  1148 

V.  Salem,  1161 

V.  Wisconsin,  1154,  1165 
Hamaker  v.  Coons,  1011 

V.  Schroers,  407,  415 
Hambleton  v.  Veere,  91,  1276,  1277 
Hambly  v.  Delaware,  M.  &  V.  R.  R., 

615 
Hambrick  v.  Wilkins,  760 
Hamburg-Amer.  S.  Co.  v.  Baker,  1350 
Hamburg  Bank  v.  George,  516 
Hamer  v.  Hathaway,  296,  317,  496,  517 

V.  Kirkwood,  293,  334 

V.  McFarlin,  451 

V.  Rigby,  330 
Hamerlynck  v.  Banfield,  366 
Hamill  v.  Foute,  834c 
Hamill,  The,  592 
Hamilton  v.  Bark  Kate  Irving,  852 

V.  Cunningham,  811,  819 

V.  Cutts,  804,  956 

«;.  Des  Moines  &  K.  C.  Ry.,  932, 
933 

V.  Freary,  991 

V.  Finnegan,  753 

V.  Ganyard,  313a,  734 

V.  Grangers'  L.  &  H.  Ins.  Co.,  1042 

V.  Great  Falls  St.  Ry.,  1360 

V.  Kirby,  734 

V.  Lau,  79,  82 

V.  Legrange,  341 

V.  Love,  633/,  666 

V.  McPherson,  212,  227 

V.  Magill,  162,  770 

V.  Marsh,  556 

V.  Maxwell,  682 

V.  Mayor,  35 

V.  Moore,  425 

V.  N.  Y.  El.  R.  R.,  1182,  1201 

V.  Oil  Co.,  9999 


2886  TABLE 

[References 

Hamilton  v.  Overton,  416 

V.  Phillips,  83o 

V.  Pittsburg,  B.  &  L.  E.  R.  R., 
1163,  1166,  1169 

V.  Pittsburgh,  C.  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry., 
485a 

V.  Smith,  48,  49,  458,  459 

V.  State,  685 

V.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  53  N.  Y.  25; 
383a,  864,  865 

V.  Third  Avenue  R.  R.,  35  N.  Y. 
Super  Ct.  118;  367 

V.  Thirston,  673b 

V.  Van  Rensselear,  325 

V.  Ward,  556 

V.  Western  N.  C.  R.  R.,  164,  842 

V.  Woodworth  Ry.,  486 
Hamilton,  The,  597o 
Hamilton  College  i;.  Stewart,  6066 
Hamilton  County  v.  Rape,  1117 
Hamilton  Nat.  Bank  v.  Halsted,  83a, 

439A; 
Hamlett  v.  Tallman,  3406 
Hamlin  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  42,  46o, 
862,  863 

V.  Race,  665 
Hammacher  v.  Wilson,  1222 
Hammat  v.  Russ,  927 
Hammatt  v.  Emerson,  1040,  1052 
Hammer  v.  Breidenbach,  413 

V.  Caine,  4866 

V.  Nevill,  339a 

V.  Schoenfelder,  164,  740 
Hammerslough  v.  Hackett,  956,  973 

V.  Kansas  City  B.  L.  &  S.  Assoc, 
237 
Hammersmith  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Brand,  1090, 

1098 
Hammond  v.  Beeson,  615,  6476 

V.  Bussey,  146,  156,  157,  162,  238, 
773 

V.  Hammond,  310 

V.  Hannin,  1006,  1011 

V.  Harvard,  1123 

V.  Port  Royal  &  A.  Ry.,  932 
■   V.  Schiff,  67a 

V.  SoUiday,  101 

V.  Starr,  684 

V.  Sullivan,  363,  943 
Hammond  O.  &  D.  Co.  v.  Feitel,  647c 


OF  CA^ES 

are  to  sections] 

Hamner  v.  GrifiSth,  645,  549 
Hamond  v.  Holiday,  1038 
Hamor  v.  Water  Co.,  1152 
Hamory  v.  Pennsylvania,  M.  &  S.  R. 

R.,  263 
Hampton  v.  Jones,  43^ 

V.  Kansas  City,  1140 

».  Speokenagle,  836 
Hampton  &  B.  R.  R.  v.  Sizer,  235a,  540 
Hampden  Paint  Co.  v.  Springfield,  etc., 

R.  R.,  1151 
Hampton  Stave  Co.  v.  Gardner,  1012 
Hanauer  v.  Bartels,  317,  538 

V.  Woodruff,  278 
Hance  v.  Burke,  55 
Hanchett  v.  Gardner,  691a 

V.  Haas,  1363 
Hancock  v.  Frankhn  Ins.  Co.,  269 

V.  Gomez,  819 

V.  Hazzard,  692/ 

V.  Hubbell,  98,  109 

V.  Stephens,  451 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  46a 
Hand  v.  Armstrong,  326 

V.  Baynes,  844 

V.  Church,  314 
Handforth  v.  Maynard,  936 
Handley  v.  Chambers,  295,  1010 
Handy  v.  Draper,  301o 

V.  Johnson,  42 
Haney  v.  New  York,  1348 

V.  Garton,  915 

V.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1123 

V.  Marshall,  1018 

V.  Pinckney,  1306 
Hanford  v.  Howard,  325 
Hankey  v.  Philadelphia  Co.,  1142 
Hankins  v.  'Majors,  1028 
Hanley  v.  Crowe,  302a 

V.  Sutherland,  1272 
Hanlon  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1353 
Hanly  v.  Davis,  497/ 
Hanmer  v.  Wilsey,  53,  56 
Hanna  v.  Harter,  738 

ti.    International   Petroleum    Co., 
681o 

V.  Mills,  6226,  756 

V.  Phillips,  908 

V.  Sweeney,  359 
Hannan  v.  Connett,  493a,  496 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


^88.7 


Hanners  v.  McClelland,  451 
Hannibal  &  8.  J.  R.  R.  v.  Martin,  47 

V.  Swift,  873 
Hannibal  Bridge  Co.  v.  Schd,ubacher, 

1168 
Hannon  v.  O'Dell,  6916 
Hano  V.  Simons,  762 
Hanover  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Brown,  725 

V.  Lewis,  23  Fla.  193;  1272 

V.  Lewis,  27  Fla.  219;  724 

V.  Lewis,  28  Fla.  209;  302 
Hanover  Nat.  Bank  «?.  American  D.  & 

T.  Co.,  76,  531o  ' 
Hanover  R.  R.  v.  Coyle,  180,  482a 
Hanover  W.  Co.  v.  Ashland  I.  Co., 

947 
Hanrahan  v.  Pox,  1167 
Hansard  v.  Menderson  Clothing  Co., 

667 
Hansbrough  v.  Peck,  414,  659 
Hanse  v.  New  Orleans  M.  &  F.  I.  Co., 

717 
Hansen  v.  Erickson,  673/ 
Hanselman  v.  Kegel,  535 
Hansen  v.  Gaar,  762 
Hansford  v.  Payne,  5706 
Hansley  v.  Jamesville  &  W.  R.  R.,  859 
Hanson  v.  Buckner,  965 

V.  European  &  N.  A.  R.  R.,  380, 
1328 

V.  Fowle,  41,  47,  226/,  481 

V.  Johnson,  1339 

V.  Lawson,  1297 

V.  Urbana  &  C.  E.  S.  Ry.,  489, 1370 
Hanson  &  Parker  v.  Wittenberg,  162 
Hanson  H.  Keyes,  The,  587,  588 
Hanuu  v.  Williams,  665,  673/ 
Hany  v.  Great  N.  Ry.,  868 
Happy  V.  Prichard,  482,  483,  484 

V.  Prickett,  308a 
Haralson  v.  Walker,  684 
Harbison  v.  Vaughan,  334 
Harbor  Trustees  v.  Oswald,  1093 
Hard  v.  Palmer,  302o 
Hardaway-Wright  Co.  v.  Bradley  Bros., 

6476 
Hardee  v.  Howard,  407 
Hardeman  v.  Turner,  909o 

V.  Williams,  1369 
Harder  v.  Harder,  950 


Hardie-Tynes  M^g-  Co.  v.  Eastern  C. 

0.  Co.,  762 
Hardie-Tynes  F.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Glen 

Allen  Oil  Mill,  419 
Hardiman  v.  Mayor,  6556 
Hardin  v.  Carrico,  692a 

V.  Funk,  1148 

V.  Kennedy,  125a 

V.  Newell,  620 
Harding  v.  Carter,  259,  817 

V.  Cowing,  270 

V.  Larkin,  238,  959,  981,  982,  983 

V.  New  York,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R., 
481 

V.  Townshend,  67a 
Hardwood  Lumber  Co.  v.  Adams,  226, 

734 
Hardy  v.  Bern,  675d 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  1359 

V.  Lancashire  Ins.  Co.,  301 

V.  Nelson,  962,  982 

V.  Thomas,  1279 

V.  United  States,  612 
Hare  v.  Bedell,  1023 

V.  Fury,  913,  914 

V.  Grant,  802 

V.  Marsh,  385 

V.  Parkersburg,  752a 
Harger  v.  Edmonds,  1043,  1293 

V.  Jenkins,  667 

V.  McMains,  374 
Hargis  v.  Mayes,  688a 
Hargous  v.  Ablon,  763 

V.  Lahens,  705 
Hargrave  ».  Creighton,  275 
Hargreaves  v.  Kimberly,  93,  1293 
Hariston  v.  Sale,  674 
Barker  v.  Burlington,  C.  R.  &  N.  Ry., 
1354 

V.  Dement,  76 
Harkins  v.  Pullman  P.  C.  Co.,  574o 
Harlan  v.  Brown,  266 

».  Ely,  823 
Harlan  County  v.  Hogsett,  1151 
HarlesB  v.  Southwest  Mo.  Electric  Ry., 

43/ 
Harley  v.  Stapleton,  807 
Harlow  v.  Marquette,  H.  &  O.  R.  R., 
1109 

V.  Thomas,  967,  970,  975,  979 


2888 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Harman  v.  Bannon,  1061 

V.  Cundiff,  360,  364,  377,  385,  445 

».  Harman,  917 

V.  Sanderson,  1060 
Harmon  v.  Callahan,  226m 

V.  Collins,  689a 

V.  Harmon,  377,  1305 

V.  Goodrich,  78,  529 

V.  L.  N.  O.  &  T.  R.  R.,  95 

V.  Old  Colony  R.  R.,  486 

V.  Omaha,  1123 
Harmont  v.  Sullivan,  9996 
Harmony  v.  Bingham,  419 
Harness  v.  Steele,  462 
Harnish  v.  Miles,  330 
Harper  v.  Black   Diamond   Coal   Co., 
1326 

V.  Columbus  Factory,  1061 

V.  Detroit,  95,  1109 

V.  Dotson,  774,  1060 

V.  Ely,  301,  346 

V.  Lenoir,  1172a 

V.  Miller,  163 

V.  Ray,  674 
Harper  Furniture  Co.  v.  Southern  Ex- 
press Co.,  165 
Harr  v.  Ward,  459 
Harralson  v.  Stein,  734, 1059 
Harrell  v.  HiU,  1128 
Harrelson  v.  W.  U.  T.  Co.,  894d 
Harreson  v.  Ely,  372 
Harries  v.  Edmonds,  858 
Harriman  v.  New  Nonpareil  Co.,  1293 
Harrington  v.  Bean,  962,  970 

V.  County  Commissioners,  1160 

V.  Fall  River  Iron  Works,  655c 

V.  Gies,  667 

V.  Glenn,  334 

V.  Hoggart,  31  le 

V.  Lee,  1050 

V.  Murphy,  968,  973,  980a 

V.  Snyder,  1063 

V.  Stratton,  1040,  1050 

V.  Stromberg-Mullins  Co.,  1257 

V.  Witherow,  1272  . 
Harrington-Wiard   Co.   v.   Blomstrom 

Mfg.  Co.,  608 
Harriott  v.  Plimpton,  130 
Harris  v.  Clap,  301,  678 

V.  Cleghorn,  988a 


Harris  v.  Columbia  &  L.  Co.,  164,  742 

V.  Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.,  506o 

V.  Eagle  Fire  Co.,  710 

V.  Eldred,  58,  493a 

V.  Fargo,  157 

V.  Faris-Kesl  Const.  Co.,  613 

V.  Gaspee  F.  &  M.  Co.,  725 

V.  GosUn,  999ft 

V.  Grant,  497/ 

V.  Great  Western  Ry.,  851 

f.  Harris,  651 

V.  Jaffray,  1259 

V.  Jex,  3406 

V.  Kerr,  109 

V.  Louisville,  N.  O.  &  T.  Ry.,  1325 

V.  Mercur,  304 

I).  Miller,  416 

V.  Murfee,  549,  692t 

V.  Newell,  962 

V.  Packwood,  851 

V.  Panama  Railroad,  58  N.  Y.  660; 
246 

V.  Panama  R.  R.,  5  Bosw.  312;  846 

V.  Philadelphia,  1171 

V.  Puget  Sound  El.  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Rand,  841 

V.  Rodgers,  734,  737 

V.  Rupel,  1328 

V.  Scher,  1371 

V.  Schuylkill  E.  S.  R.  R.,  1142, 
1163,  1171 

V.  Smith,  535,  540 

V.  Snyder,  414 

V.  Theus,  426 

V.  Tumbridge,  828 

V.  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co., 
876 

V.  Zanone,  377 
Harris,  In  re,  598 
Harris'  Appeal,  257 
Harris  County  v.  Donaldson,  419 
Harris  Lumber  Co.  v.  Morris,  368 
Harris  Manuf.  Co.  i;.  Marsh,  753 
Harrisburg  v.  Crangle,  1154a 
Harrisburg,  The,  570,  599 
Harrisburg,  C.  &  C.  T.  R.  R.  v.  Cumber- 
land County,  inid 
Harrisburg  E.  L.  Co.  v.  Goodman,  535 
Harrisburg  S.  &  L.  Assoc,  v.  United 
States  F.  &  G.  Co.,  692a 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


2889 


,  [References 

Harrison  v.  Adamson,  932 

V.  Allen,  1325 

V.  Argyle  Co.,  1257 

V.  Berkeley,  1255 

V.  Brega,  66,  8186 

V.  Chappell,  536 

V.  Charlton,  5166,  631a 

V.  Clarke,  610 

V.  Ely,  357,  360 

V.  Glover,  1299 

V.  Handley,  310 

V.  Harrison,  508,  745 

V.  Ilgner,  539 

V.  Iowa,  etc.,  R.  R.,  11656 

V.  Kiser,  932 

B.  McGehee,  495 

V.  Missouri  P.  Ry.,  435 

V.  Pennsylvania  Co.,  865 

V.  Perea,  303 

V.  Redden,  170 

V.  Sutter  St.  R.  R.,  574a,  1367 

V.  Swift,  637a 

V.  Weir,  212 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  366 

V.  Wright,  678,  679 

V.  Young,  1171a 
Harrison  Co.  v.  Bjme,  655 
Harrison  Wire  Co.  v.  Hall  &  W.  H. 

Co.,  734,  735a 
Harriss  v.  Sneeden,  109 
Harrod  v.  Bissoti,  47 
Harrodsburg  Water  Co.   v.  Harrods- 

burg,  312 
Harrow  v.  Ryan,  691a 
Harrow  School  v.  Alderton,  100,  950 
Harrow  Spring  Co.  v.  Whipple  Harrow 

Co.,  742 
Hart  V.  Blake,  55 

V.  Blum,  494c 

V.  Brand,  340 

V.  Brown,  930o 

V.  Cascade  Timber  Co.,  1348 

V.  Charlotte,  C.  &  A.  R.  R.,  368, 
380,  483 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  933 

V.  Direct  U.  S.  C.  Co.,  897 

V.  Dorman,  339a 

«;.  Evans,  1261 

V.  Georgia  R.  R.,  170 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1270 


are  to  sections] 

Hart  V.  Miller,  228? 

V.  National  M.  A.  Assoc,  732 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  851 

V.  Skinner,  4945 

V.  Spalding,  844 

V.  Tobias,  531a 

V.  Wabash  S.  R.  R.,  95 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  891 
Haxten  v.  Loeffler,  1012 
Harter  v.  Whitebread,  448 
Hartford  v.  Franey,  692e 
Hartford,  The,  v.  Rideout,  588 
Hartford  &  Salisbury  Ore  Co.  v.  Miller, 

966,  977 
Hartford  Deposit  Co.  v.  Calkins,  2146 
Hartford  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Cannon,  722 

V.  Landfare,  724 

V.  Peebles  Hotel  Co.,  723 
Hartford  I.  M.  Co.  v.  Cambria  Min. 

Co.,  935 
Hartford  Ins.  Co.  v.  Haas,  725 
Hartford  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Hope,  386 
Hartford  Mill  Co.  v.  Hartford  T.  W. 

Co.,  644 
Hartland  v.  General  Exchange  Bank, 

207,  666,  834c 
Hartley  v.  Herring,  443 
Hartley  State  Bank  v.  McCorkell,  537 
Hartman  v.  Dobar,  1299 

V.  Morning  Journal  Assoc,  1335 

V.  Pittsburgh  Incline  Co.,  171a 

V.  Rogers,  671,  674 

V.  TuUy  P.  L.  Co.,  924,  924o 
Hartman's  Estate,  In  re,  312 
.    Hartmann  v.  Burtis,  682o 

V.  Hoffman,  682 
Hartnett  v.  Baker,  618 
Hartpence  v.  Rodgers,  480o,  1338 
Harts  V.  Wendell,  689a,  691a 
Hartsell  v.  Masterson,  667 
Hartshorn  v.  Burlington,  C.  R.  &  N. 
R.  R.,  331o,  1148,  1154 

V.  Bjrme,  311 

ti.  Chaddock,  932,  939 

V.  Cleveland,  979,  980 

V.  Worcester,  1119 
Hartsock  v.  Mort,  1007 
Hartwell  v.  Young,  6736 
Hartz  V.  St.  Paul  &  S.  C.  R.  R.,  924, 
924o,  947 


2890 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


Hartzell  v.  Crumb,  1012 
Harvard  v.  Grouch,  1141 
Harvery  u.  Terre  H.  &  I.  R.  R.,  851 
Harvey  v.  Baldwin,  695 

V.  Connecticut  &  P.  R.  R.  R.,  162, 
842,  843 

V.  Detroit  F.  &  M.  I.  Co.,  711 

V.  Georgia,  S.  &  F.  R.  R.,  65 

V.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  842 

V.  Hamilton,  312 

V.  Lackawanna,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1142 

V.  Mason,  C.  &  F.  D.  R.  R.,  95,  99, 
109 

V.  Morse,  497& 

B.  News  Pub.  Co.,  1347 

V.  Sides,  932 

V.  Snow,  902 

V.  Thomas,  930 

V.  Turner,  820 

V.  United  States,  610,  614 
Harwood  v.  Bloomington,  1138 

V.  Lee,  109,  968 

V.  Tappan,  645 
Hasbrouck  v.  Tappen,  400,  417 

V.  Winkler,  83 
Hase  V.  Seattle,  1360 
Haselmeyer  v.  McLellan,  1328,  1330 
Haskell  v.  Bartlett,  331o 

V.  Brown,  1070 

V.  Hunter,  734 

V.  McHenry,  763 

V.  Mitchell,  1296 
Haskell  Comity  Bank  v.  Bank  of  Santa 

Fe,  88 
Haskins  v.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  1347 

V.  Scott,  618 
Haslam  v.  Galena  &  S.  W.  R.  R.,  1149 
Hass  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  1367 
Hassam  v.  Safford,  934 
Hassard-Shord  v.  Hardison,  734 
Hasselbusch  v.  Mohmking,  974 
Hassell  v.  Long,  692d 

V.  Nutt,  669 
Hastay  v.  Bonness,  504,  934 
Hastie  v.  De  Peyster,  304 
Hastings  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry., 
942 

».  Crunckleton,  950 

V.  Johnson,  334 

V.  Stetson,  47,  450 


[References  are  to  sections] 

Hastings  v.  Westchester  Fire  Ins.  Co., 
302 

V.  Wiswall,  343,  345 

V.  Farmers'  &  M.  B.,  305 
Hatch  V.  Cincinnati,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1155, 
1166 

V.  Fuller,  47,  86c,  473 

V.  Luckman,  937 

V.  Vt.   Central   R.   R.,   35,    1108, 
1115 
Hatchell  v.  Kimbrough,  135,  927 
Hatcher  ».  Andres,  973 

V.  Kelly,  343 
Hatcher  v-  Pelham,  493 
Hatchett  v.  Gibson,  1066 
Hatfield  v.  Central  R.  R.,  42,  947,  948, 
1195 

».  Holloway,  12866 

V.  Lasher,  448d 

V.  St.  Paul  &  D.  R.  R.,  1309 
Hathaway  v.  Lynn,  411 

V.  Osborne,  121d 
Hatheway  v.  CUff,  687 

V.  F.  R.  Nat.  Bank,  80 
Hathome  v  Stinson,  99 
Hatry  v.  Painesville,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1154c 
Hatt  V.  Evening  News  Assoc,  377 
Hatterman  v.  Thorupson,  294 
Hattin  v.  Chapman,  637,  639 
Haubner  v.  Milwaukee,  1110 
Haufler  v.  PubUc  Service  Ry.,  1216 
Hauk  V.  Brownell,  777 
Hauptman  v.  Catlin,  650 
Hauralian  v.  Mayor  of  Baltimore,  932 
Hauxhurst  v.  Hovey,  301,  305 
Havana,  R.  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  Walsh,  1328 
Havemeyer  v.  Cminingham,  222,  741 
Havemeyer  v.  Havemeyer,  43  N.  Y. 
Super.  Ct.  506;  632 

V.  Havemeyer,  45  N.  Y.  Super. 
Ct.  564;  200 

V.  Paul,  331 
Haven  v.  Beidler  Mfg.  Co.,  109 

V.  Foster,  306 

V.  Grand  Junction  R.  R.,  3016,  304 

V.  Wakefield,  167,  645,  984,  984a 
Haverner,  The,  694 
Havens  v.  Hartford  &  N.  H.  R.  R.  R., 
107a,  1272 

V.  Lathene,  692/ 


T'ABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2891 


tlaverly  v.  Elliott,  559&,  691(f 

V.  R.  R.,  lUd 
Haverstick  v.  Erie  Gas  Co.,  229 
Havilah,  The,  589,  592 
Haviland  v.  Chase,  358 

V.  Parker,  226c,  435,  435a 
Hawes  v.  Knowles,  41,  358 

V.  O'Rdelly,  482 

V.  Wooicock,  273 
Hawk  V.  American  News  Co.,  448a 

V.  Anderson,  1258 

V.  Pine  L.  Co.,  614 

V.  Ridgway,  42,  387 
Hawkins  v.  Citizens'  Investment  Co., 
302 

V.  Coulthurst,  603,  623 

V.  Deitz,  2,126 

V.  Front  St.  Cable  Ry.,  44,  486 

V.  Gilbert,  656,  659 

V.  Globe  Printing  Co.,  448d 

V.  Hersey,  497(7 

V.  Hoffman,  873 

V.  Kansas  City  H.  P.  B.  Co.,  493a 

V.  Kemp,  1023 

V.  King,  909a 

V.  L.,  etc.,  Assoc,  339a 

V.  Merritt,  1007,  1012a 

V.  Minor,  305,  340c 

V.  Mitchell,  338 

V.  Potter,  979 

V.  Ridenhour,  334 

V.  Sciet,  349 
Hawkinson  v.  Olson,  704 
Hawley  v.  Barker,  335 

V.  Belden,  618 

V.  Corey,  607 

V.  Dawson,  312 

V.  Forsheim,  645 

V.  Tesch,  341 

V.  Warner,  78,  691a,  6916 
Hawman  v.  McLean,  1027 
Hawn  V.  Banghart,  50,  477 
Haws  V.  Stanford,  449 
Hawthorne  v.  McArthur,  685d 

V.  Siegel,  71,  127a,  189,  226ff,  927, 
9906,  1304 
Hawyer  v.  Bell,  254a 
Hay  V.  Cohoes  Co.,  33,  1111 

V.  Commonwealth,  1151 

V.  LeNeve,  588 


Hay  V.  Reidj  448c 

V.  Short,  1049 

V.  Williams,  742a 
Haycraft  v.  Creasy,  100 
Haycroft  v.  Walden,  768 
Hayden  v.  Albee,  86a 

V.  Anderson,  77,  531a,  6916 

V.  Bartlett,  317,  493 

i;.  Demets,  753 

V.  Florence  Sewing  Machine  Co., 
188,  1330 

V.  Hefferan,  334 

V.  Madison,  656 
Hayes  v.  Atlanta,  1169 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  64  la. 
753;  331a 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  131 
Wis,  399;  1367 

V.  Cooley,  119,  151 

V.  Gross,  655c 

V.  Massachusetts  L.  I.  Co.,  257, 259 

V.  Moynihan,  991 

V.  O'Reilly,  483 

V.  Ottawa,  Oswego  &  F.  R.  V.  R. 
R.,  1130 

V.  Phelan,  1248 

V.  Porter,  543 

V.  Seaver,  802 

t).  Sease,  487a 

V.  Tibbits,  4Md 

V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  169a 

V.  WeUs,  Fargo  &  Co.,  844 
Haymond  v.  Saucer,  640a 
Hayner  v.  Cowden,  360,  384a,  385,  445 
Haynes  v.  Connelly,  107a 

V.  Duluth,  1148 

V.  Harper,  1052 

t>.  Knowles,  467 

V.  Leland,  44Sd 

V.  Maine  Cent.  R.  R.,  1359 

V.  Sinclair,  472 

V.  Stevens,  982,  983 

V.  Tenney,  667,  684 

V.  WatendUe  &  O.  St.  Ry.,  485, 
1306 

V.  Worthington,  999e 
Hays  V.  Askew,  363 

V.  Borders,  469 

V.  Creary,  47,  461,  462 

V.  Crist,  937 


2892 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  Bections] 


Hays  V.  H.  G.  N.  R.  R.,  380 

,j.  Riddle,  76,  78 

V.  South  Easton,  1142 

V.  Wilkinsburg  &  E.  P.  S.  Ry.,  619 

V.  Williams,  311 

V.  Wilstach,  688a 

V.  Windsor,  540 
Haysler  v.  Owen,  644,  657,  1066,  1067 
Hayter  v.  Moat,  1277 
Haythorn  v.  Lawson,  443 
Hayward  v.  Cain,  67a,  345 

V.  Ellis,  Slid 

V.  Leonard,  650,  657 

V.  Newton,  1368 
Haywood  v.  Bering  Coal  Co.,  1347 

V.  Foster,  448c 

V.  Hamm,  378 
Hayworth  v.  Haldeman,  667 
Haxton  v.  Kansas  City,  86c 
Hazard  v.  Durant,  311a,  3116 

V.  Israel,  351,  378 

V.  New  England  M.  I.  Co.,  718 
Hazard  Powder  Co.  v.  Volger,  486a 
Hazelet  v.  Holt  County,  305 
Hazelett  v.  Woodruff,  982,  983 
Hazelrig  v.  Hutson,  1016 
Hazeltine  v.  Mosher,  934a 
Hazelton  v.  Carolus,  257 

V.  Valentine,  796 
Hazen  v.  Casey,  85c 

V.  Lyndonville  Bank,  1256(2 
Hazelton  v.  Week,  363,  929o 
Hazlip  V.  Austin,  647c 
Hazzard  v.  Duke,  294 
Head  v.  Georgia  P.  Ry.,  46,  47,  865 

V.  Green,  776 

V.  Levy,  103 

V.  Porter,  1230a 
Heald  v.  Hendy,  310 
Healdsburg  v.  Mulligan,  692/ 
Healey  v.  Ballentine,  486 
Healy  v.  Fallon,  3146 

V.  Hoy,  1367 

V.  Hutchinson,  4975,  567,  684 

V.  Newton,  688 

V.  Protection  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  334 
Heard  v.  Bowers,  413 

V.  Hicks,  691c 

V.  Holman,  196,  592,  593 

V.  James,  503,  534 


Heard  v.  Lodge,  802 

V.  Middlesex  Canal,  1147 
Heame  v.  De  Young,  382 

V.  Keath,  807a 
Heam  v.  McDonald,  935a 
Heartt  v.  Kruger,  822 

V.  Rhodes,  339a 
Heartz  v.  Klinkhammer,  363a 
Heaston  v.  Colgrove,  1046 
Heater  v.  Pearce,  109 

V.  R.  R.,  486c 
Heath  v.  Gay,  302a 
V.  Haile,  73 
V.  Lent,  565(i,  682 
V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  208a 
V.  Wells,  962 
Heaton  v.  Timmons,  975 

V.  Wright,  451 
Heaton  B.  F.  Co.  v.  Macdonald,  1237 
Heatwole  v.  Gorrell,  413,  415 
Heaver  v.  Lanahan,  636c 
Heavilon  v.  Kramer,  205 
Hebb  V.  Welch,  643 
Hebe,  The,  597a 
Hebert  v.  Kingston  Lumber  Co.,  1356 

V.  Weil,  419 
Hebner  v.  Sun  Ins.  Co.,  712a 
Hecht  V.  Brandus,  667 
V.  Harrison,  109 
V.  Metzler,  53,  1027 
Heck  V.  Bulkley,  685i 

V.  International  S.  P.  Co.,  1354 
V.  Shener,  1031 
Heckmann  v.  Pinkney,  425 
Heckscher  v.  M'Crea,  211,  858,  1024, 

1034 
Hecla  Powder  Co.  v.  Sigua  Iron  Co.,  148 
Hedden  v.  Griffin,  439c 
Heddles  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  47, 

484,  1356 
Hedger  v.  Union  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Hedges  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1347 
V.  West  Shore  R.  R.,  1151,  1152 
Hedin  v.  Minneapolis,  M.  &  S.  Inst., 

440 
Heer  v.  Warren-Scharf  Asphalt  Paving 

Co.,  181,  1355 
Heermance  v.  James,  48 
Hefferlin  v.  Karlman,  310 
Heffron  v.  Brown,  671 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2893 


Heffron  v.  Gage,  334 

Hefley  v.  Baker,  361,  364,  365,  368,  373 

Hefford  v.  Alger,  678 

Hefner  v.  Hesse,  685? 

Hege  V.  Newsom,  762 

Heger  v.  De  Groat,  307,  919,  920 

Heiberger  v.  Missoxiri  &  Kansas  Tel. 

Co.,  1347 
Heidelbaugh  v.  People's  Ry.,  483,  484, 

485 
Heidenheimer  v.  Ellis,  295,  308 
Heidiman-Benoist     Saddlery     Co.     v. 

Schott,  531 
Heidt  V.  Minor,  692a,  692? 
Heilbron  v.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.,  95, 

924a,  1123 
Heilbroner  v.  Douglass,  516c 

V.  Hancock,  222,  858 
Heilmen  v.  Pruyn,  768 
Heim  v.  Wolf,  667 
Heiman  v.  Schroeder,  302 
Heimburg  v.  Ismay,  1011 
Heimsworth  v.  Anderson,  226/ 
Heine  v.  Meyer,  655c 
Heinel  v.  People's  Ry.,  482,  484,  485 
Heinemann  v.  Heard,  740,  825 
Heines  v.  Kiehl,  762 
HeinmuUer  v.  Abbott,  495 
Heinrich  v.  St.  Louis,  1149 
Heintz  v.  Caldwell,  484 
Heinz  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  1367 

V.  Roberts,  426 
Heim  v.  M'Caughan,  372,  862,  868 
Heiser  v.  Mears,  636c,  758 

V.  Loomis,  1269 
Heisler  v.  Heisler,  1338 
Heiss  V.  Milwaukee  &  L.  W.  R.  R.,  1115 
Heissler  v.  Stose,  307 
Helberg  v.  Nichol,  824a 
Helbling  v.  Alle^eny  Cemetery  Co., 

942 
Helbum  v.  Mofford,  999c 
Helena  v.  Brule,  685,  685j 
Helena  Gas  Co.  v.  Rodgers,  573a 
Helfrich  v.  Meyer,  682a,  683 
Helland  v.  Bridenstine,  358 
Hellen  v.  Ardley,  678 

t>.  Metropolitan  R.  R.,  334 
Heller  v.  Alvarado,  332 
V.  Meis,  695 


Hellman  v.  Merz,  302a 

V.  Spielman,  548 
Helm  V.  Anchor  F.  I.  Co.,  1326 

V.  Gridley,  556 
Helmer  v.  Colorado,  S.  N.  O.  &  P.  R. 

R.,  1123 
Helmkampf  v.  Wood,  685j,  685ra 
Helms  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c 
Helton  V.  Alabama  Midland  R.  R.,  485a 

V.  Asher,  970 
Helvenstein  v.  Higgason,  973 
Heman  v.  Compton  HUl  Imp.  Co.,  660, 

662 
Hemenway  v.  Washington  W.  P.  Co., 

1353 
Hemmenway  v.  Fisher,  597a,  698 
Hemminger    v.    Western   Assur.    Co., 

6556 
Hemmingway  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Council 

Bluffs  Canning  Co.,  752 
Hempstead  v.  Des  Moines,  52  la.  303; 
11120 

V.  Des  Moines,  63  la.  36;  95 

V.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  846 
Hempsted  v.  Cargill,  1151 
Hencke  v.  Johnson,  973 
Henckler  v.  County  Court,  692i 
Henckley  v.  Hendrickson,-  750 
Henderhen  v.  Cook,  673a 
Henderson  v.  Bank  of  Hamilton,  153a 

V.  Cansler,  410 

V.  Chaires,  921 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  1334 

V.  Clayton,  1347 

V.  Coleman,  927,  930 

V.  Coover,  692fc 

V.  Davenport,  901 

V.  Davis,  310 

V.  Desham,  326 

V.  Fox,  447,  1327 

V.  Hamilton,  345 

V.  Henderson,  979 

V.  HoUind,  515 

V.  Jennings,  750 

V.  Laurens,  345 

V.  Lexington,  1149,  1169 

V.  McClain,  1123,  1138« 

V.  McGuder,  1337 

V.  McReynolds,  1369,  1370 

V.  Maid  of  Orleans,  852 


2894 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Henderson  v.  Minneapolis,  1108 

V.  Murphree,  415 

V.  Nichols,  408 

V.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  95,  1146, 
1154,  1185,  1190 

V.  O'Haloran,  120 

V.  Reeves,  695a 

V.  Sevey,  240 

V.  Squire,  240,  999^ 

V.  Stiles,  674 

V.  Sun  M.  I.  Co.,  723 

V.  Weidman,  436 

V.  Western  M.  &  F.  Ins.  Co.,  722 

V.  White,  1363 

V.  Winstead,  1138o 
Henderson  &  Nashville  R.  R.  v.  Dick- 

erson,  1138o 
Henderson-Boyd  Lumber  Co.  v.  Cook, 

412 
Henderson  B.  R.  R.  v.  Dechamp,  1165 
Henderson  City  Ry.  v.  Lockett,  368 
Henderson  Cotton  Mfg.  Co.  ».  Lowell 

Mach.  Shops,  308,  310 
Handle  v.  Geiler,  482,  484,  487a 
Hendler  v.  Quigley,  377a 
Hendricks  v.  Evans,  499 

V.  Fowler,  490 

V.  Franklin,  700 

V.  Spring  VaUej^  M.  &  I.  Co.,  935 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Hendrickson  v.  Anderson,  206,  667 

V.  Dwyer,  59 

V.  Kingsbury,  372,  386 
Hendrie  v.  Neelon,  246,  739 
Hendrk  v.  Jefferson  Co.  Sav.  Bk.,  6336 
Hendry  v.  Irvine,  735c 

V.  Squier,  993 
Heneky  v.  Smith,  360 
Henn  v.  Horn,  383,  448o 
Hennepin  County  v.  Jones,  692/ 
Hennessy  v.  Metzger,  419 
Kennies  v.  Vogel,  1326 
Henning  v.  Van  Hook,  1039 

V.  Van  Tyne,  335 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  379 

V.  Withers,  959 
Hennion  o.  Jacobus,  301c 
Henry  v.  Davis,  229,  410,  687 

V.  Dubuque  R.  R.,  1148,  1167 

V.  Ferguson,  6916 


Henry  v.  Flagg,  345 

V.  Hand,  803 

V.  Hobbs,  156,  762 

V.  Klopfer,  486a 

ti.  Mitchell,  131 

V.  North  American  R.  C.  Co.,  257 

V.  Norwood,  451 

V.  Pittsburgh   &  A.   Bridge  Co., 
1108 

V.  Prendergast,  579 

V.  Risk,  310 

V.  Roe,  302a 

V.  Rutland  &  B.  R.  R.,  673e 

V.  Sioux  City  &  P.  Ry.,  1355 

V.  Thompson,  331 

V.  Ward,  334 
Henry  Buck,  The,  432o,  438 
Henry  Hall  Sons  Co.  v.  Sundatrom  & 

Stratton  Co.,  932 
Hensen  v.  Beebe,  608 
Henshaw  v.  Bsink  6f  Bellows  Falls,  497 
Hensley  v.  Orendorff,  531,  1298 
Henson  v.  Taylor,  363a 
Hentig  v.  Collins,  688a 

V.  Reddin,  909a,  915 
Hentz  V.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  1182,  1185 

V.  Mt.  Vernon,  1334 
Hepburn  v.  Griswold,  269 

V.  Dunlop,  3016 

V.  Sewell,  317,  533 
Hepp  V.  Ducros,  325 
Heppe  V.  Johnson,  692e 
Herbener  v.  Crossan,  458,  459 
Herberger  v.  Orr,  416 
Herbert  v.  Easton,  278 

V.  Ford,  1062 

V.  Hardenbergh,  1259 

V.  Hillman,  1006 

v.  Rainey,  932 

V.  S.  &  Y.  Ry.,  331 

V.  Stanford,  613 
Herbst  v.  The  Asiatic  Prince,  599a 
Hercules,  The,  590 
Hercules  Iron  Works  v.  Elgin  J.  &  E. 

Ry.,  1171 
Herd  v.  Thompson,  627o,  753 
Herdie  v.  Young,  375,  534,  933 
Herefordshire  Banking  Co.,  In  re,  302a 
Herfort  v.  Cramer,  777,  1027 
Hergcrt  v.  Union  Ry.,  1270o 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
IReferences  are  to  Sections] 


2895 


Herkimer  Man.  &  H.  Co.  v.  Small,  627 
Herman  v.  Drinkwater,  1288 
Hermann  v.  Allen,  685c,  12866 
Hermann,  The,  593 
Herndon  v.  Harrisson,  966 

V.  Venable,  1012a 
Hernsheim  v.  Newport,  N.  &  M.  V.  Co., 

119 
Herold  v.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1208 
Heron  v.  Hartford  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Herpolsheimer  v.  Christopher,  984 
Herreshoff  v.  Tripp,  363a,  364,  914,  920 
Herrick  v.  Moore,  973 

V.  Wixom,  1303 
Herrin  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Nolte,  1167 
Herring  v.  Armwood,  133,  164 

V.  Chesapeake  &  W.  Ry.,  Il9 

«.  Gage,  1236, 1245 

V.  Jester,  473,  475 

V.  Metropolitan  Bd.  of  Wks.,  1093 

V.  Pollard,  1012o 

V.  Skaggs,  762,  766 

V.  Tomlin,  607 
Herriter  v.  Porter,  856 
Herrman  v.  East  St.  Louis,  1130 
Herron  v.  De  Bard,  973 

y.  Jones  &  Laughlin  Co.,  932 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  888 
Hersey  v.  Fosdick,  311/ 

V.  Ins.  Co.,  1301 

V.  Walsh,  256 
Hersh  v.  Ringwalt,  iiSd 
Hershey  v.  Hershey,  345 
Hertzog  v.  Hertzog,  959,  1006,  1020 

V.  Ins.  Co.,  725 
Hespen  v.  Union  Pac.  R.  R.,  435,  1296 
Hess  V.  Sparks,  364,  377 
Hess'  Estate,  311c 

Hesse  v.  Colmnbus,  S.  &  H.  B.  Co., 
180a 

V.  Imperial  E.  L.  H.  &  P.  Co.,1266 
Hessing  v.  McClosky,  565 
Hester  v.  Knox,  228 
Hetzel  V.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  170a, 

331o 
Hewes  v.  Germania  Fruit  Co.,  312, 753, 

755 
Hewett »,  Chadwick,  324o 
Hewins  v,  London  Assur.  Corp.,  723o, 
724 


Hewitt  V.  John  Week  Lumber  Co.,  3146, 
315 

V.  Miller,  763 

I).  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  486a 

V.  Pioneer-Press  Co.,  448c 

V.  Pittsburg,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1142 
Hewlett  V.  Ragsdale,  461,  462,  463,  464 
Hewson-Herzog  Supply  Co.  v.  Minne- 
sota Brick  Co.,  734 
Hexter  v.  Knox,  63  N.  Y.  561;  167, 186, 
209,  645,  991,  992 

V.  Knox,  39  N.  Y.  Super.  Ct.  109; 
984 
Hey  V.  Collman,  948 

V.  Hawkins,  438 

t>.  Wyche,  999i 
Heydon  &  Smith's  Case,  76 
Heyer  v.  Carr,  431 

V.  Cunningham  Piano  Co.,  667 
Heyman  v.  Landers,  685{r,  696 
Heyn  v.  Philips,  834a 
Heyheinan  v.  Blake,  1112a 
Heynes  v.  Dixon,  678 
Heys  V.  Tmdall,  829 
Heyward  v.  Cuthbert,  921 

«. 'Mayor,  etc.,  of  N.  Y.,  1187 
Heywood  v.  Hartshorn,  3406 

V.  Heywood,  279c,  999o 
Hibbard  ».  Clark,  1031 

V.  Foster,  75 

V.  McKindley,  685 

V.  Stewart,  55 

t>.  W.U.Tel.  Co.,  109,888 
Hibbert  v.  Bayley,  832 
Hibemia  B.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Smith,  981 
Hibert  v.  Lang,  1031 
Hickam  v.  Hickam,  673c 
Hickey  v.  Baird,  109 

V.  Brinkley  426 

V.  Welch,  43i,  1266,  226/,  363a 
Hickhorn  v.  Bradley,  193a 
Hickman  «.  City  of  Kansas,  1140 

V.  Haynes,  737,  763 
Hickok  V.  Adattis  Co.,  166 

ti.  Buck,  78 

I).  W.  E.  Adams  Co.,  642 
Hicks  V.  Blakeman,  917 

V.  Deemer,  439a 

V.  Foster,  233,  234,  444 

V.  McBride,  689a 


2896 


TABLE    OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Hicks  V.  Mareco,  288 

V.  N.  A.  &  H.  R.  R.,  67a 

V.  Swift  Creek  M.  Co.,  363a,  930 
Hidden  v.  Jordan,  3406 
Hiedenheimer  v.  Johnson,  303 
Higgins  V.  Breen,  665 

V.  Dublin,  1104 

V.  Lee,  1067 

V.  Los  Angeles  G.  &  B.  Co.,  932 

V.  L.  N.  O.  &  T.  R.  R.,  360,  372, 
1342 

V.  Mansfield,  680 

V.  New  York,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.,  939 

V.  Sargent,  287,  288 

V.  Whitney,  60 
Higginson  v.  Air,  340c 

V.  Weld,  407,  413,  842 
High  V.  Berret,  778 
High  Bridge  Lumber  Co.   v.   United 

States,  1110,  1116 
Highes  V.  Wickcliffe,  678 
Highland  A.  &  B.  R.  R.  v.  Matthews, 
95,  947 

V.  Robinson,  380 
Highley  v.  First  Nat.  Bank,  333 
Highway  Commissioners  v.  Sangamon, 

1154 
Hignett  v.  Norridgewock,  1347 
Hilboume  v.  County  of  Suffolk,  1147 
Hilbrant  v.  Simmons,  451 
Hildebrand  v.  American  Fine  Art  Co., 
673/ 

V.  Standard  Biscuit  Co.,  576 
Hildreth  v.  Fitts,  1298,  1302 

V.  Hancock,  388 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  8815 
Hile  V.  Davison,  973 
Hilfrich  v.  Meyer,  361 
Hill  V.  Bishop,  1070 

V.  Boston,  H.  T.  &  W.  R.  R.,  851 

n.  Butler,  956,  973 

V.  Canfield,  493a,  499 

V.  Carr,  679 

V.  Chipman,  6365,  734 

V.  Cooper,  908 

V.  Durand,  339a 

V.  Featherstonhaugh,  1038 

V.  Fitzgerald,  569 

V.  Forkner,  109 

V.  Gleiiwood,  1347 


HiU  V.  Golden,  976 

V.  Goodchild,  1279 

V.  Hooper,  6736 

V.  Hunt,  303 

V.  Kimball,  i3h,  43i 

V.  Larro,  76 

V.  Leigh,  618 

V.  Loomis,  60 

V.  Maupin,  637,  639 

V.  McKay,  739,  753 

V.  Meyers,  914 

V.  Montgomery,  372 

».  Mudd,  431 

V.  N.  O.  O.  &  G.  W.  R.  R.,  380 

V.  Packard,  834 

V.  Parsons,  156 

V.  Place,  3405 

V.  Smith,  32  Vt.  433;  519,  746 

V.  Smith,  34  Vt.  535;  734 

V.  South  Staffordshire  Ry.,  289 

V.  Starin,  1356 

V.  Thomas,  685A,  685A; 

V.  Turner,  556 

V.  Union  Ry.,  1369 

V.  Winsor,  121d,  139 
Hillebrant  v.  Brewer,  493 
Hillerbrand  v.   May  Mercantile  Co., 

1353 
Hillhouse  v.  Mix,  83 
Hilliard,  In  re,  3116 
Billiard  Flume  Co.  d.  Woods,  515 
Hillman  v.  Baumbach,  383c,  910,  929a 

».  Edwards,  565a 
Hills  V.  Home  Ins.  Co.,  1302 
Hillyard  v.  Crabtree,  657,  660,  662 
Hilsdale  C.  &  C.   Co.  v.  Pa.  R.  R., 

143 
Hilton  V.  Jesup  Banking  Co.,  171o 

V.  St.  Louis,  331a 

V.  State,  335 

V.  Sylvania  &  G.  R.  R.,  493 

V.  Woods,  501,  935 
Hilton  &  D.  L.  Co.  v.  Ingram,  1348 
Himely  v.  Rose.  336 
Himes  v.  Pittsburg,  1142 
Himmelman  v.  Oliver,  331a 
Hinchchffe  v.  Koontz,  667 
Hinchey  v.  Koch,  531,  533,  536 
Hinckley  v.  Beckwith,  186,  190,  226ff, 
228,  319,  992 


Table  of  cases 


2897 


[References 
Hinckley  v.  Kreita,  688 

V.  Pittsburg  B.  S.  Co.,  608,  613, 
617,  636o,  636/,  752 

V.  West,  676 
Hinde  v.  Liddell,  161,  208a,  226^,  434 

V.  Smith,  822 
Hindman  v.  First  Nat.  Bank,  778 
Hine  v.  New  York  EI.  R.  R.,  1154a 
Hiner  v.  Richter,  1016,  1028 
.  Hines  v.  Shumaker,  1335 
Hindry  v.  The  Priscilla,  599c 
Hinds  V.  Barton,  318 

V.  Hinds,  692j 
Hingham  v.  United  States,  1179a 
Hink  V.  Sherman,  358 
Hinkle  v.  Davenport,  446,  451 

V.  Holmes,  688a 
Hinkson  v.  Morrison,  691 
Hinman  v.  Borden,  556 

V.  Goodyeat,  324a 

V.  Heyderstadt,  934,  937 

V.  Judson,  82    . 
Hinrichs  v.  New  Orleans,  999<i 
Hinsdell  v.  Weed,  1067 
Hinsman  v.  N.  Y.  Mutual  Ins.  Co.,  841 
Hinson  v.  Hampton,  673/ 

V.  Smith,  226/,  506o 
Hinton  v.  Eastern  Ry.,  1334 

V.  Sparkes,  414 
Hintz  V.  Crauper,  445 
Hiort  V.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  494o 
Hire  p.  Kinsley,  1148 
Hiroux  w.  Baum,  1347,  1354 
Hirsch  v.  Feeney,  460 
Hirschkovitz  v.  Pennsylvania  R.  R., 

1367 
Hirsh  V.  Press  Pub.  Co.,  618 
Hirt  ».  Hahn,  618,  644 
Hirth  V.  Indianapolis,  1108 
Hise  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  883 
Hiscock  V.  Fulton,  301c 
Hisler  ».  Carr,  633 
Hitchcock  V.  Anthony,  182,  1936 

V.  Bank,  819 

V.  Harrington,  921 

V.  Hunt,  2126,  764 

V.  Libby,  934 

V.  Supreme  Tent  of  Knights  of 
Maccabees,  633 
Hitchins  v.  Frostburg,  1110 

182 


are  to  sectionsj 

Hitchens  v.  Hitchens,  921 

V.  Sussex  School  Dist.,  665 
Hitchings  v.  Maryville,  1270,  1270o 
Hitchner  v.  Ehlers,  1251 
Hitchman  V.  Whitney,  472 
Hitchner  v.  Ehlers,  36a 
Hitson  V.  Hurt,  171 
Hitt  V.  Allen,  293 
Hively  V.  Webster  County,  1367 
Hixon  V.  Cupp,  681a,  692 

t).  Hixon,  276,  281,  424a,  635 
Hixt's  Case,  19,  394,  605 
Hlubek  V.  Pinske,  459 
Hoadley  v.  International  Paper  Co., 
577 

V.  Northern  T.  Co.,  119,  139 

V.  Watson,  234,  366 
Hoag  V.  M'Ginnis,  401 
Hoagland   v.   Forest   Park  Highlands 
Amusement  Co.,  361 

V.  Moore,  660 

V.  Schenck,  301c 

V.  Segur,  301,  418 
Hoard  v.  Des  Moines,  1108 

V.  Gamer,  814,  819 
Hoare  v.  Allen,  340c 
Hoback  v.  Kilgores,  1018 
Hobart  v.  Penny,  695 
Hobart  Lee  Tie  Co.  v.  Keck,  1348 
Hobbs  V.  Bland,  762 

V.  Davis,  121d 

V.  London  &  S.  W.  Ry.,  30,  42, 46a, 
146,  150,  859,  867 

V.  Middleton,  681a 

V.  Riddick,  1039 
Hobit  V.  Bloomington,  337 
Hoblins  v.  Kimble,  1258 
Hoblit  V.  Bloomington,  179 
Hoboken  Printing,  etc.,  Co.  v.  Kahn, 

451 
Hobson  V.  Lord,  717 

V.  Philadelphia,  1120 

V.  Thelluson,  547 

V.  Trevor,  675c 
Hochhalter  «.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1194 
Hochfiter  v.  De  La  Tour,  213,  636d,  754 
Hockerslnith  v.  Hanley,  162,  739 
Hocking  v.  Hamilton,  636d 

Li.  Windsor  Spring  Co.,  1359 
Hocutt  V.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  212a 


2898 


TABLE    OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


,947 


,982 


Hodd  V.  Tacoma,  1306,  1363 
Hodgdon  v.  Hodgdon,  334 
Hodge  V.  Quiry,  311/ 

V.  Shaw,  93 
Hodges  V.  Fries,  185,  984,  984a 

V.  Hodges,  304 

V.  Holeman,  302a 

V.  King,  423 

V.  Litchfield,  1017 

V.  Parker,  310a 

V.  Phinney,  921 

V.  Pine  Product  Co., 

V.  Thayer,  966 

V.  Wilkinson,  774 
Hodgins  v.  Hodgins,  959, 
Hodgkins  v.  Dunham,  766 

V.  Moulton,  1040,  1046 

V.  Price,  307,  909,  909a,  987 

V.  Robson,  999(i 
Hodgson  V.  Bell,  786,  789 

V.  Millward,  364 

V.  Sidney,  439 

V.  Wood,  789 
HodsoU  V.  Stallebrass,  86c 

V.  Goodale,  246,  496 
Hoe  V.  Sanborn,  762,  1040 
Hoefler  v.  McGlinchy,  3016 
Hoehle  v.  Allegheny  Heating  Co.,  133 
Hoertz  v.  Marrett,  973 
Hoey  V.  Felton,  129,  200 
Hoff  V.  Baum,  999e 
Hoffeditz  v.  Railroad,  1110 
Hoffman  v.  JEtna,  Ins.  Co.,  722 

V.  Bloomsburg  &  S.  R.  R.,  1149 

V.  Bosch,  959,  983 

V.  Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.,  205 

V.  Insurance  Co.,  726 

V.  King,  11  Id 

V.  Kirby,  976 

V.  Mill  Creek  Coal  Co.,  92ia,  932 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
1367 

V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  865 

V.  Rib  Lake  Lumber  Co.,  1355 

V.  Union  Ferry  Co.,  226b,  589 

V.  Western  M.  &  F.  I.  Co.,  722 
Hofnagle-  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R. 

R.,  126d 
Hogau  V.  Atlantic  Elevator  Co.,  492& 

V.  Cregan,  473,  476 


Hogan  V.  Kellum,  58,  545 

V.  Shuart,  762 

V.  Thorington,  772 

V.  Titlow,  673/ 
Hoge  V.  Norton,  198,  682 
Hogg  V.  Cardwell,  777,  1060 

V.  Emerson,  1216,  1228 

V.  Hensley,  921 

V.  Pinckney,  98 

V.  Zanesville  Canal,  etc.,  Co.,  295, 
316 
Hogle  V.  New  York  Central  &  H.  R. 

R.  R.,  214 
Hohenthal  v.  Watson,  531 
Hohmanv.  Chicago,  1121,  1169 
Hohorst  V.  Hamburg-American  Packet 

Co.,  1215 
Hoit  V.  Stratton  Mills,  929 
Hoitt  V.  Holcombe,  805 
Holaman  v.  Marsh,  1042 
Holbrook  v.  Griffis,  947 

V.  Sims,  325 

V.  Tobey,  418 

V.  Young,  1057 
Holbum  V.  Neal,  1326 
Holcomb  V.  Norman,  485 

V.  Rawlyns,  911,  924,  931 

V.  Wyckoff,  695 
Holden  v.  Freeman's  Sav.  &  Tr.  Co., 
327 

V.  Lake  Co.,  182,  941 

i;.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  303,  854 

V.  Peace,  310a 

V.  Rutland  R.  R.,  859 
Holdfast  V.  Shepard,  75 
HoUhan  v.  City  of  New  York,  337 
Holister  v.  Union  Co.,  1108 
Holland  v.  Brooks,  1328 

V.  Brown,  673,  573a,  588 

V.  Makepeace,  798 

ti.  San  Antonio,  926 

V.  Seven   Hundred,  etc..  Tons  of 
Coal,  856 

V.  Worley,  253 
Holland  Torpedo  Boat  Co.  v.  Nixon, 

425 
HoUenback  v.  Dingwell,  224 
HoUenbeck  v.  Berkshire  R.  R.,  570& 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1356 

V.  Johnson,  119 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2899 


Holler  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c 
HoUeran  v.  Bagnell,  573 
HoUerbach  &  M.  C.  Co.  v.  Wilkins,  617 
Holies  V.  Carr,  679 
Holley  V.  Mix,  1279 

V.  Torrington,  1112a,  1163 
Holliday  v.  Cohen,  682 

V.  Marshall,  312,  314o,  999 
Hollingsworth  v.  Atkins,  564 

V.  Des  Moines  &  St.  L.  Ry.,  1155 

V.  Detroit,  346 

V.  Funkhouser,  915,  917 

V.  Mexia,  961 
HoUins  V.  Gorham,  1345 
HoUinshead  v.  Mactier,  655 

V.  Von  Glahn,  324a 
HoUinshed  v.  Yazoo  &  M.  V.  R.  R,,  484 
Hollis  V.  Chapman,  655c 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  885 
HoUister  v.  Donahoe,  319 

V.  Ruddy,  363 
HoUman  v.  Creagmiles,  968,  979 
Holloway  v.  Griffith,  641c,  658 

V.  Holloway,  685j 

V.  Miller,  979 

V.  Talbot,  665 

V.  Turner,  226c,  436 
Holly  V.  Floumoy,  527 
Holm  V.  Jamieson,  789 
Holmes  v.  Balcom,  241a 

V.  Boydston,  762 

V.  Carolina  C.  R.  R.,  222 

V.  Davis,  71 

».  Dring,  286 

V.  Fuller,  226m 

V.  Goodwin,  533 

V.  Halde,  180 

V.  Holmes,  64  111.  294;  385 

V.  Holmes,  12  Barb.  137;  416 

t>.  Jones,  121N.  Y.  461;377 

V.  Jones,  147  N.  Y.  59;  451 

V.  Jones,  69  Hun,  346;  1327,  1335 

V.  Langston,  531a,  6916 

V.  Misroon,  310 

V.  Rankin,  313 

V.  Rhodes,  786 

V.  Seaman,  959,  965 

V.  Seely,  924,  931 

V.  Sinniekson,  982 

V.  Standard  Oil  Co..  678 


Holmes  v.  Stummel,  655 

V.  Truman,  1237 

V.  Weaver,  237,  685j 

V.  Weed,  804 

V.  Wilson,  91,  949 
Holt  V.  Hayes,  934 

V.  Howard,  310 

V.  Sargent,  932 

V.  Spokane  &  P.  Ry.,  572 

V.  United  S.  L.  I.  &  T.  Co.,  613, 
616 

V.  Van  Eps,  375 
Holt  Mfg.  Co.  V.  Thornton,  170a 
Holter  Lumber  Co.  v.  Fireman's  F.  I. 

Co.,  722 
Holthaus  V.  Hart,  682a 
Holton  V.  Butler,  1167 

V.  Daly,  573a 

V.  Hicks,  486 

V.  Taylor,  565a 
Holtzman  v.  Franklin  Ins.  Co.,  723a 
Holyoke  v.  Grand  T.  Ry.,  47,  485 
Holzworth  V.  Koch,  1059 
Hoke  E.  P.  Co.  v.  Schraubstadter,  1237 
Homan  v.  Franklin  Co.,  181 
Homans  v.  Boston  E.  Ry.,  43d,  43i 
Home  F.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Fitch,  331 
Home  Ins.  Co.  v.  Adler,  302,  726 

V.  Baltimore  Warehouse  Co.,  69, 
725 

V.  Gibson,  725 

V.  Koob,  726 

V.  Myer,  301 

V.  Patterson,  724 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  318 

V.  Watson,  794 
Home  Land  &  Cattle  Co.,  v  McNa- 

mara,  426a 
Home  M.  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Garfield,  723 
Home  Savings  Bank  v.  Boston,  1040, 

1042 
Homer  v.  Shaw,  669 
Homesdale  Ice  Co.  v.  Lake  L.  I.  Co., 

734 
Homesly  v.  Elias,  606a 
Homestead  Co.  v.  Valley  R.  R.,  918 
Homire  v.  Haltman,  1255 
Hommell  v.  Gamewell,  800 
Honaker  v.  How«,  489o 

V.  Vesey,  533,  537 


2900 


Hone  V.  Mutual  Safety  Ins.  Co.,  728 
Hong  Sing  v.  Wolf  Fein,  988 
Honore  v.  Lamar  F.  I.  Co.,  725 

V.  Murray,  307,  999o 
Honsee  v.  Hammond,  932,  941 
Honsucle  v.  Ruffin,  777 
Hood  V.  Hayward,  678 

V.  Raines,  612o,  642 

V.  Smiley,  655 

V.  Smith,  1194 

V.  Southern  R.  R.,  1175 
Hoodley  v.  Watson,  360,  386 
Hooe  V.  Mason,  841 
Hook  ».  Stovall,  762 
Hooker  v.  Hammill,  536 

V.  Leslie,  274 

V.  Montpelier  &  W.  River  R.  R., 
252 

V.  Newton,  387 

V.  Phillippe,  637 

V.   Utica  and   Minden  Turnpike 
Road  Co.,  1187 
Hooks  V.  Evans,  692,  692fc 

V.  Fitzenreiter,  370 
Hoon  V.  Beaver  Valley  Traction  Co., 

580,  1367 
Hooper  v.  Armstrong,  1261 

V.  Bacon,  2216 

V.  Bromley  Brothers  Carpet  Co., 
755 

V.  Patterson,  685ot 

V.  Sac  County  Bank,  979 

V.  Savannah   &   M.    R.    R.,  419, 
1133 

V.  Smith,  932,  933 

V.  Story,  762,  767 

«.,  Winston,  311c 
Hoopes  V.  Meyer,  1057 
Hoot  V.  Spade,  975 
Hooten  v.  Barnard,  99,  101 
Hootman  v.  Shriner,  554 
Hoover  v.  Mowrer,  808a 

V.  Peters,  1060 
Hope  V.  Alley,  98 

Hopedale  Electric  Co.  v.  Electric  S.  B. 
Co.,  39  App.  Div.  491;  612b 

V.  Electric  S.  B.  Co.,  96  App.  Div. 
344;  610 

V.  Electric  S.  B.  Co.,  132  App.  Div. 
348;  611 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 

Hopkins  v.  American  P.  S.  Co.,  932 


V.  Atlantic  &  St.  L,  R.  R.,  86a,  368, 
860 

«;.  Beedle,  1277 

V.  Butte  &  M.  C.  Co.,  937 

V.  Clark,  671 

V.  Contra  Costa  County,  337 

V.  Crittenden,  325 

V.  Davis,  107a 

V.  Drowne,  377,  1334 

V.  Gilman,  997 

V.  Grazebrook,  1002 

I).  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1098 

V.  Halliburton,  695c 
Hopkinson  v.  Knapp  &  Spaulding  Co., 

575 
Hopkins  v.  Ladd,  689a,  1272 

V.  Lee,  959,  1012 

V.  RatUff,  993 

V.  Sanford,  227 

V.  Towell,  1012 

V.  Westcott,  873 

V.  Western  P.  R.  R.,  947 

V.  Yowell,  959 
Hoppaugh  V.  McGrath,  648a 
Hoppe  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  866, 

172a 
Hopper  V.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  333 

V.  Haines,  493 
Hoppes  V.  Cheek,  973 
Hopping  V.  Quin,  1045 
Hopple  V.  Higbee,  60,  244,  317,  432a, 

1274 
Hopson  V.  Louisville,  N.  O.  &  T.  Ry., 

1159 
Hord  V.  Holtson  R.  R.  R.,  932 

V.  Trimble,  685A 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  879,  883 
Horn  V.  Batohelder,  656,  657 

V.  Bayard,  467 

V.  Boise  C.  C.  Co.,  1326 

V.  Buck,  762 

I).  CarroU,  25  Ky.  L.  Rep.  2305; 
614 

V.  Carroll,  28  Ky.  L.  Rep.  839;  208 

V.  Hansen,  302o 

V.  Western  Land  Assoc,  667,  834? 
Home  V.  Allen,  31  le 

V.  Midland  Ry.,  157,  160, 163,  740, 
856a 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


2901 


[References 

Home  V.  Walton,  439e,  1027 
Homer  v.  Beasley,  1010 

V.  Flintoff,  397,  399,  413 

V.  Lyman,  861a 

V.  Wood,  156 
Homey  v.  Nixon,  222 
Homketh  v.  Barr,  473 
Hornstein  v.  Atlantic  &  G.  W.  R.  R., 

1142,  1149 
Horres  v.  Chemical  Co.,  937 
Horst  V.  Roehm,  758 
Hort  V.  Norton,  673d 
Horton  V.  Bauer,  107c 

V.  Colwyn  Bay  &  Colwyn  Pistrict 
Council,  1102 

V.  Cooley,  252,  999e 

V.  Cope,  692j 

V.  Miller,  9996,  1057 

V.  Seattle,  1270a 

V.  Tobin,  419 
Hoseth  v<  Preston  Mill  Co.,  2216, 1348 
Hosford  V.  Wright,  962 
Hosher  v.  Kansas  City,  St.  J.  &  C.  B. 

R.  R.,  1112,  1140 
Hosking  v.  Phillips,  932 
Hoskins  v.  Duperoy,  756 

V.  Robins,  945 

V.  Scott,  190 
Hoskovec  v.  Omaha  St.  Ry.,  1354 
Hosley  v.  Brooks,  451 
Hosmer  v.  Campbell,  685a 

V.  Glovers  ville,  1112a 

V.  Wilson,  612a,  636(i 
Hossler  v.  Trump,  664a 
Hostele  v.  Farmers'  Protective  Assn., 

941 
Hoster  v.  Phila.,  1109 
Hosty  V.  Moulton  Water  Co.,  44,  484 
Hot  Springs  v.  WiUiamson,  1123 
Hot  Springs  R.  R.  v.  Deloney,  43/,  863, 

865 
Hotchkiss  V.  Auburn  R.  R.,  912,  913 

V.  Jones,  375 

V.  Oliphant,  453 

V.  Piatt,  685e 

V.  Whitten,  107(? 
Hough  V.  Bowe,  58,  226c 

V.  Cook,  1203 

V.  Harvey,  3116 

V.  Kugler,  413 


are  to  sections] 

Hough  V.  People's  F.  I.  Co.,  725 

V.  Young,  107a 
Houghkirk  v.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co., 

866,  172a 
Houghteling  v.  Walker,  307 
Houghton  V.  Carpenter,  762 

V.  Cortelypu,  685 

V.  Hager,  310 

V.  Kittleman,  ^55/,  673e 

V.  Lyford,  686 

V.  Pattee,  416 
Housberger  v.  Housj^erger,  929 
House  V.  House,  982 

V.  McKenney,  302a 

V.  Marshall,  105Q,  1053 

V.  Tennessee  F.  C,  345 
House  Wrecking  Co.  i).  Sonkew,  419 
Househill  Co.  v.  Neilson,  1230 
Householder  v.  Kansae,  1123 
Houseman    v.    Merchants'    Dispatch 

Transportation  Co.,  854 
Houser  v.  Pearce,  12W 
Houser  &  H.  M.  Co.  v.  McKay,  733a, 

754 
Houston  V.  Bibb,  539 

ti.  Bryan,  1334 

V.  Cmtcher,  310 

V.  Gran,  1248 

V.  Jamison,  345 

V.  ISforrison,  695a 

V.  Mossman,  334 

V.  Stames,  762 

V.  Wendnagel,  737 

V.  Young,  1040 
Houston  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v.  Miller,  486c 
Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v.  A^iderson, 
1266 

V.  Berling,  1309 

V.  Bird,  1364 

V.  Boehm,  41,  47,  180,  481,  485 

V.  Bowen,  573a 

V.  Bulger,  1353 

V.  Burke,  251a,  844 

V.  Cheatham,  171a 

V.  Cowser,  575,  576 

V.  Davenport,  1367 

V.  Gee,  482 

V.  Girald,  67 

V.  Gray,  1354 

V.  Hanks,  2216 


2902  I'ABLE 

[References 

Houston  &  T.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Hill,  194 

V.  Jackson,  316,  854 

V.  Kelley,  1356 

V.  Lee,  1342 

V.  Lemair,  67o 

V.  Lindsey,  1262 

V.  Loeffler,  573a,  580 

V.  Malloy,  620 

V.  Maxwell,  171a 

V.  Mitchell,  615 

V.  MoUoy,  630 

V.  Muldrow,  318 

V.  Rowell,  1270 

V.  Rutland,  577,  1367 

V.  Shapard,  47 

V.  Shirley,  603 

u.  Smith,  842 

V.  Weaver,  67a 

V.  White,  580a 

V.  Williamson,  852 

«.  Willie,  485 

V.  Wright,  1021a 
Houston  B.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  O'Leary,  126a 

1367 
Houston  C.  S.  Ry.  v.  Jageman,  865 

V.  Medlenka,  1354 

V.  Ross,  1347 

V.  Sciacca,  1367 

V.  Storrie,  324a 
Houston  Cotton  Oil  Co.  v.  Trammell, 

765 
Houston,  E.  &  W.  T.  Ry.  v.  Adams,  63 
Tex.  200;  932 

V.  Adams,  44  Tex.  Civ.  App.  288; 
1261,  1270 

V.  Campbell,  843a 

V.  Charwaine,  942,  1110 

V.  Davidson,  890 

V.  McHale,  1367 

V.  Richards,  172 

V.  Stem,  1222 
Houston  Electric  Co.  v.  Green,  1216 

V.  Seegar,  482,  484 
Houston  I.  &  B.  Co.  v.  Tiemer^  739 
Houston  L.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Texas  Co.,  947 
Houston  Printing  Co.  v.  Moulden,  443 
Houston  Ry.  v.  White,  574o 
Hovey  v.  Brown,  1326 

V.  Coy,  689a 

V.  Grant,  250 


OP  CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Hovey  v.  Rubber  Tip  Pencil  Co.,  237, 

685 
How  V.  How,  1306 
Howard  v.  Adkins,  417,  426 

V.  Bank  of  the  Metropolis,  6336, 
633c 

V.  Barnard,  1368 

V.  Behn,  304 

V.  Board  of  Supervisors,  1149 

V.  Burke,  12866 

V.  Central  of  Ga.  Ry.,  881a 

V.  Cooper,  60 

V.  Daly,  206,  227,  636d,  636s,  665, 
667 

V.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co.,  101 

V.  Emerson,  308 

V.  Farley,  18  Abb.  Pr.  260;  676 

V.  Farley,  3  Robt.  308;  345 

V.  Francis,  301c 

V.  Gobel,  664 

V.  Haas,  131  Mo.  App.  499;  734 

V.  Haas,  139  Mo.  App.  591;  540 

V.  Hopkyns,  426 

V.  Hurst,  965 

V.  Johnston,  302 

V.  Lamoni,  1134 

V.  Lovegrove,  803 

V.  Manderfield,  60 

V.  Providence,  1148 

V.  Stillwell  B.  Mfg.  Co.,  153,  190, 
646,  742a 

V.  Vaughan-Monnig  Shoe  Co.,  667 
Howard  College  v.  Turner,  636i 
Howard  County  v.  Legg,  573a,  577,  578 
Howard  Oil  Co.  v.  Davis,  180a,  485o 
Howard  Supply  Co.  v.  Wells,  742a 
Howay  v.  Going-Northrup  Co.,  666 
Howcott  V.  CoUins,  295,  307 
Howe  V.  Bartlett,  82 

V.  Batchelder,  929a 

V.  Buffalo  N.  Y.  &  Erie  R.  R.,834 

V.  Gibson,  1342 

V.  Handley,  533,  689a 

V.  Jones,  303 

V.  Mackay,  800 

V.  Martin,  1027 

V.  North,  606 

II.  Perry,  450 

V.  Ray,  64,  1147 

V.  Sutheriand,  821,  823 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2903 


Howe  V.  Taylor,  692ft 

V.  Wade,  834 

V.  Weymouth,  148  Mass.  605;  1161 

V.  Weymouth,  155  Mass.  439;  941, 
1164 
Howe  M.  Co.  V.  Reber,  618 
Howe  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Bryson,  1716,  633, 

834c 
Howell  V.  Cheatham,  446 

V.  Goodrich,  84 

V.  Greaves,  492 

V.  Howell,  448 

V.  Lansing  E.  Ry.,  484,  1306 

V.  Medler,  1067,  1293 

V.  Moores,  964,  972 

V.  Morlan,  821 

V.  Phila.  M.  I.  Co.,  711 

V.  Rochester  Ry.,  571a,  575 

V.  Scoggins,  233,  234 

V.  Young,  86b 
Howells  V.  North  American  Transpor- 
tation &  T.  R.  Co.,  486o 
Howerton  v.  Augustine,  1027 
Howery  v.  Hoover,  497e 
Howes  V.  Axtell,  405,  1028 

V.  Crush,  932 
Howey  v.  New  England  Nav.  Co.,  574a, 

1367 
Howison  V.  Oakley,  1023 
Howland  v.  Davis,  824 

V.  Howland,  476 

V.  Jennings,  325 

V.  Oakland  C.  S.  Ry.,  1363 

V.  Vincent,  32 
Howlet  V.  Strickland,  1031 
Howlett  V.  Tuttle,  358 
Howser  v.  Melcher,  188 
Hoy  V.  Grenoble,  613,  624 

V.  Taliaferro,  973 
Hoye  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  933 
Hoyle  V.  Page,  345 

V.  Stellwagen,  655b 
Hoyt  V.  Beach,  334 

V.  Fuller,  494,  507 

V.  New  York,  L.  I.  Co.,  729 

».  Southern  N.  E.  T.  Co.,  933 

V.  Stratton  Mills,  943 

V.  Telephone  Co.,  1163 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  883 

V.  Wildfire,  206 


Hoyt,  The,  587 

Hox  V.  Quincy,  O.  &  K.  C.  R.  R.,  226d 

Hoxie  i>.  Lincoln,  663,  673a 

Hoxsie  V.  Empire  Lumber  Co.,  504 

Hubbard  v.  Belden,  655c,  661,  672 

V.  Briggs,  439ft 

V.  Callahan,  325 

V.  Charlestown  B.  R.  R.,  303,  304 

V.  Gould,  241 

V.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R., 
434 

V.  Norton,  970,  975 

V.  Rogers,  1042 

V.  Shaler,  550 
Hubbardston  Lumber  Co.  v.  Bates,  755 
Hubbell  V.  Meigs,  257,  777 
Hubbly  V.  Brown,  705,  803 
Hubenthal  v.  Kennedy,  302a 

V.  Spokane  &  I.  Ry.,  1261 
Huber  v.  Beck,  1295 

V.  Burke,  1024 

V.  Ryan,  991,  992 

V.  Teuber,  386 
Hubert  v.  Groves,  35 
Huckestein  v.  Allegheny  City,  1112a 
Huckins  v.  Lightner,  537 

V.  People's  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  726 
Huckle  V.  Money,  348,  350,  365,  372, 

381 
Huddleston  v.  Kempner,  331 
Hudmon  v.  Cuyas,  762 
Hudson  V.  Archer,  107a 

V.  Houser,  580 

V.  Hudson,  671 

V.  Lee,  1034 

V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  854 

V.  Tenney,  303 

V.  Wilkinson,  317 

V.  Young,  691c 
Hudson  County  v.  Immerich,  1157 
Huebschmann  v.  Von  Cotzhausen,  915 
Huellmantel  v.  Huellmantel,  334 

V.  Vinton,  497/ 
Hueni  v.  Freehill,  1326 
Huerzeler  v.  Central  C.  T.  R.  R.,  1367 
Hueston  v.  Mississippi  &  R.  R.  B.  Co., 

70,  926,  942,  1295 
Huey  V.  Macon  County,  346 
Huff  V.  Peoria  &  Eastern  R.  R.,  576, 
584o 


2904 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Huff  V.  Reilly,  956,  977 
Huffman  V.  Knight,  856 
Hufford  V.  Grand  Rapids  &  I.  R.  R., 

865 
HuftaUn  V.  Misner,  384 
Huganir  v.  Cotter,  1027 
Huggard  v.  Glucose  Sugar  Refining  Co., 
-  175!.. 

Huggeford  v.  Ford,  538 
HugginsD.iKavanagh,  1247,  1251 

V.  South  Eastern  L.  &  C.  Co.,  740 
Hughan  v.  Grimes,  688a 
Hughes  V.  Anderson,  373,  924 

V.  Austin,  2266 

.«_,.  Bray,  7fl2 

V.  Cannon,  673/ 

V.  Chicago,  B.  &  0.  Ry.,  95 

V.   Dupdee    Mortgsige   Trust   In- 
vestment Co.,  85 

V.  Goodale,  692fc 

V.  Graeme,  236,  239a,  836 

V.  Habor  &  S.  B.  &  S.  Assoc,  1354 

V.  Heiser,  35 

V.  Hood,  984 

V.  Hughes,  692 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  365,  368 

V.  McDonough,  127a 

V.  Met.  El.  R.  R.,  1207 

V.  Miller,  1023 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  1211 

».  Nolte,  637a 

V.  Pritchard,  677 

V.  Pullman  P.  C.  Co.,  873a 

V.  Robinson,  193 

V.  Smith,  786 

u.  Stevens,  1263,  1295 

V.  Toledo  S.  &  C.  R.  R.,  672 

V.  Wamsutta  Mills,  668 

V.  Wickcliffe,  685 
Hugo,  The,  596 

Huguenot  Mills  v.  Jempson,  753 
Huiest  V.  Marx,  984 
Huizega  v.  Cutler  &  S.  Lumber  Co.,  481 
Hulbert  v.  New  Nonpareil  Co.,  453 
Hulehan  v.  Green  Bay,  W.  &  S.  P.  R. 

R.,  481,  485 
Hulett  V.  Fairbanks,  934 
Hulfish  V.  O'Brien,  973 
Huling  V.  Henderson,  363a,  366,  373 
Hull  V.  Angus,  424 


Hull  V.  Bematz,  497/ 

V.  Butler,  334 

V.  Harris,  979 
HiiUiuger  v.  Worrell,  126d 
Hulme  V.  Brown,  1058 
Hulst  V.  Benevolent  Hall  Assoc,  659 
Humaston  v.  Telegraph  Co.,  6126 
Humbert  v.  Mason,  317 
Humboldt  L.  M.  Assoc,  In  re,  1367 
Himie  V.  Hale,  614 
Humes  v.  Proctor,  933 
Humiston  v.  Wheeler,  999c 
Hummel  v.  Brown,  283 
Humphrey  v.  Clement,  270 

V.  Hathorn,  549 

V.  McClenachan,  959 

V.  Michigan  United  Rys.,  860 

V.  Phinney,  921,  922 

V.  Pope,  4806 
Humphreys  v.  McClenachan,  975 

V.  Morton,  346 

I).  Perry,  783 

V.  Reed,  1068 

V.  Union  Ins.  Co;,  717 
Humphreysville  Co.  v.  Vermont  Copper 

Mining  Co.,  734,  746 
Ilumphries  y.  Johnson,  386 
Humphrys  v.  Knight,  964 
Hundley  v.  Calloway,  531a 

V.  Chadwick,  682 
Huner  v.  Doolittle,  339a 
Hungerford  v.  Redford,  534,  934 
Huning  v.  Chavez,  55a 
Hunneman  v.  Grafton,  756 

V.  Milwaukee,  327 
Hunt  V.  Amidon,  796 

V.  Boonville,  3806 

V.  Burton,  685ff 

V.  Colbum,  675 

V.  Conner,  573a,  577,  580 

V.  Crane,  227,  667 

V.  D'Orval,  42,  107a 

j;.  Haskell,  841 

V.  Hoboken  L.  I.  Co.,  182a 

V.  Iowa  C.  Ry.,  924,  1110 

V.  Johnson,  924a,  947,  1006 

V.  Jucks,  295 

V.  Kile,  572 

V.  Marsh,  976 

V.  Middlesworth,  966,  1031 


TABLE 

[References 

Hunt  V.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  R.  R.,  119 

V.  Missouri  P.  Ry.,  1174 

V.  Nevers,  302o,  305,  310 

V.  Nolen,  975,  981,  1027 

V.  Oregon  P.  Ry.,  187,  643 

V.  O'Neill,  920 

V.  Orwig,  975 

V.  Otis  Co.,  668,  1064 

V.  Raplee,  959,  975 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R.,  937 

V.  Stockton  Lumber  Co.,  339o,  343 

V.  Taylor,  70 

V.  Test,  612,  834? 

V.  Tibbets,  89 

V.  Van  Deusen,  762 

V.  White,  692fc 
Hunt  Bros.  F.  P.  Co.  v.  Cassiday,  1224 

V.  Cassidy,  1215 
Hunt  Bros  Co.  v.  San  Lorenzo  Water 

Co.,  169a 
Hunter  v.  Bennett,  467 

V.  Britts,  911 

V.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.,  1169 

V.  Farren,  184 

V.  Fry,  858 

V.  Hatch,  334 

V.  Hatfield,  638,  640a 

V.  Johnson,  982 

V.  Prinsep,  492 

V.  Reiley,  1039 

V.  Stewart,  1270 

V.  Wakefield,  36o 

V.  Waldron,  672,  1064 

V.  Wetsell,  760 

V.  Wood,  302a 
Huntingdon  v.  Claffin,  664 
Huntingdon  &  B.  T.  R.  R.  &  C.  Co.  ». 

English,  514 
Huntington  v.  Breen,  41 

V.  Lombard,  762o 

V.  Ogdensburgh  &  L.  C.  R.  R.,  206, 
667 

V.  Rumnill,  831 
Huntington  Easy  Payment  Co.  v.  Par- 
sons, 222 
Huntley  v.  Bacon,  234,  352,  359,  564 

V.  Lyons,  3016 
Huntoon  v.  Hazelton,  673a 
Huntress  v.  Burbank,  341,  684 
Huntsman  v.  Hendricks,  975,  978 


OF  CASES  2905 

are  to  sections] 

Huntsville  v.  Erving,  1154c 
Hurd  V.  Dunsmore,  411,  1025 
V.  Gallaher,  538 
V.  Hall,  979 

V.  Hubbell,  493,  505,  519 
Hurlbut  V.  Boaz,  459 
Hurlburt  v.  Dusenbury,  293 
V.  Green,  58,  494,  494c,  562 
V.  Schillinger,  1237 
Hurley  v.  Buchi,  191,  768 
V.  Jones,  63 
V.  Oliver,  614 
Hurlock  V.  Reinhardt,  549 
Huron  Barge  Co.  v.  Tumey,  196,  857 
Hurst  V.  Coley,  78 

V.  Detroit  City  Ry.,  575 
V.  Hurst,  396,  416 
Hurt  V.  Atlanta,  1137 
V.  Miller,  228/,  512 
V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  1365 
Hurtin  v.  Union  Ins.  Co.,  841 
Hurxthal  v.  St.  Lawrence,  B.  &  M.  Co., 

620 
Huse  V.  Alexander,  798 
Hus6  &  Loomis  Ice  Co.  v.  Heinze,  257 
Huson  V.  Dale,  452 
Hussey  v.  ColUns,  793a 
V.  Farlow,  275 

1).  Manufacturers'  &  M.  Bank,  519, 
736 
Hussner  v.  Brooklyn  City  R.  R.,  1184, 

1193,  1194 
Husten  v.  Richards,  858 
Huston  V.  DeZeng,  302 
V.  Freemansburg,  43^ 
V.  Twin  &  C.  C.  T.  R.  R.,  1260 
V.  Wickersham,  910,  911 
Hutcheis  v.  Cedar  Rapids  &  M.  C.  Ry., 

486a 
Hutchings  v.  Ladd,  853 
Hutchins  v.  Buckner,  533 
V.  McCann,  704 
V.  Munn,  685/ 
V.  Roundtree,  981 
V.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  Ry.,  573o 
V.  Wade,  302 
B!utchinson  v.  Granger,  1261 
V.  Hutchinson,  537 
V.  International  &  G.  N.  Ry.,  1149 
V.  Mt.  Vernon  W.  &  P.  Co.,  633e 


2906  TABLE 

[References 

Hutchinson  v.  Parker,  932 

V.  Reid,  756 

V.  Schimmelfeder,  98 

V.  Snider,  607 

V.  Stern,  43g 

V.  Van  Cleve,  483 

V.  West.  J.  &  S.  R.  R.,  573 

V.  Wetmore,  659 

V.  Wheeler,  452 
Hutchinson  First  Nat.  Bank  v.  Wil- 
liams, 241 
Hutchison  v.  Maysville,  942 
Hutt  V.  Bruckman,  1051 

V.  Hickey,  614,  642 
Hutton  V.  Williams,  1023 
Huyck  V.  Andrews,  970 
Huyett-Smith  Manuf .  Co.  v.  Gray,  760 
Hyama  v.  Bamberger,  497c 
Hyatt  V.  Adams,  376,  570,  570a 

V.  Wait,  301 

V.  Washington,  685fc 
Hyde  v.  Brown,  334 

V.  Ehner,  535 

V.  Jamaica,  2267re 

V.  Kiehl,  435,  437 

V.  Mechanical  Refr.  Co.,  620 

V.  Middlesex,  1166& 

V.  Stone,  295,  317 

V.  Teal,  685 
Hyde  Park  v.  Dunham,  1138 

V.  Washington  Ice  Co.,  1138 
Hyde  Park  T.  H.  E.  L.  Co.  v.  Porter, 

95 
Hydes  F.  T.  Co.  v.  Davidson  Coimty, 

1173 
Hydraulic  Co.  v.  Chatfield,  326,  334 
Hydraulic  Engineering  Co.  v.  McHaffie, 

160,  165,  740 
Hylton  V.  Brown,  915 
Hyman  v.  American  Electric  Forge  Co., 
695 

V.  Jockey  Club  Wine,  Liquor  & 
Cigar  Co.,  999c 
Hymes  v.  Esty,  970,  975 
Hynes  v.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  11986 

V.  Packard,  976 

V.  Patterson,  241 
Hysell  V.  Sterling  Coal  &  Manuf.  Co., 

655c 
Hyslopj).  Finch,  1138 


OF  CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Hyslop  V.  Staig,  355 

Hysore  v.  Quigley,  373,  373o,  990 


I.deS.».W.deS.,42 

laeger  v.  Metcalf,  1317 

lasigi  V.  Shea,  492a 

Icely  V.  Grew,  1026,  1034,  1044 

Ickenroth  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  363a 

Idaho  &  W.  N.  R.  R.  v.  Nagle,  1165a 

Idaho  P.  T.  C.  Co.  v.  Oregon  S.  L.  R.  R., 

1152a 
Idaho  Western  Ry.  v.  Columbia  Con- 
ference, 1294 
Iddings  V.  Equitable  Gas  Co.,  999A; 
Ideal  Wrench  Co.  v.  Gavin  Mach.  Co., 

762 
Ihl  V.  42d  St.  R.  R.,  171a,  574,  575 
Her  V.  Baker,  251 
Ilion  Nat.  Bank,  In  re,  311/ 
Illingworth  v.  Greenleaf,  1296 
Illinois,  The,  597a 

Illinois  &  S.  L.  R.  R.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Cobb, 
69,74 

V.  Decker,  182,  1304 

V.  Ogle,  502,  935 
Illinois  V.  St.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Switzer,  1160a 
Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Abemathy,  1326 

V.  Adams,  332 

V.  Armstrong,  363 

V.  Baches  580 

V.  Barron,  481,  573  o,  579 

V.  Bentz,  578 

V.  Bogard,  851 

V.  Chicago,  156  111.  98;  1171 

V.  Chicago,  169  111.  329;  1138 

V.  Cobb,  64  111.  128;  162,  220,  850, 
856a 

V.  Cobb,  68  111.  53;  363a,  364,  366 

V.  Commissioners    of    Highways, 
11520 

V.  Copeland,  873 

V.  Cole,  484 

V.  Crudup,  576 

V.  Cunningham,  1328 

V.  Davidson,  180, 485a 

V.  Davies,  1332 

V.  Dodds,  363 

V.  Doss,  125a,  226,  226d 


TABLE  OF  CASES 
{References  are  to  sections] 


2907 


Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Downs,  1347 
V.  Ebert,  1330 
w.  Elliott,  1123 
V.  Ferrell,  1154c 
V.  Finnigan,  5066 
V.  Gilbert,  1367 
V.  Gortikov,  222,  366,  865 
V.  Hammer,  379,  380 
V.  Handy,  873o 

V.  Haynes,  122  S.  W.  210;  942 
V.  Haynes,  64  Miss.  604;  316 
V.  Heisner,  121d 
V.  Holt,  862 

V.  Hopkinsville  Canning  Co.,  152 
V.  Hoskins,  930 
V.  Houchins,  1364 
V.  Johnson,  67  111.  312;  1328 
V.  Johnson,  123  111.  App.  300;  1367 
V.  Le  Blanc,  503,  935 
V.  Lence,  368 
V.  Lockard,  1110 
V.  Mayes,  1352 
V.  Minor,  860 
V.  Nelson,  59  lU.  110;  490 
V.  Nelson,  97  S.  W.  757;  152 
V.  Nelson,  127  S.  W.  520;  942 
V.  Ogle,  363a 
V.  Owens,  854 
V.  Pearson,  863 
V.  Pendergrass,  5706 
V.  Poston,  212,  219 
V.  Price,  1357 
V.  Prickett,  67a 
V.  Reid,  872 
V.  Seamans,  125a 
V.  Siddons,  43/ 
V.  Slater,  575 

V.  Smith,  110  Ky.  203;  924a,  1138a 
V.  Smith,  132  Ky.  732;  1353 
V.  Stewart,  130  111.  App.  197;  1355 
V.  Stewart,  63   S.   W.   696;  368, 

1356 
V.  Tandy,  1347 
V.  Turrill,  335, 1244 
V.  Watson,  1367 
V.  Welch,  1325 
V.  Weldon,  577 
ti.  Whiteaker,  573 
f.  Wilbourn,  85c 
V.  Wilson,  1336 


Illinois,  I.  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Borms,  1130 
V.  Easterbrook,  1138 
V.  Freeman,  1165c 
V.  Ring,  1166 
Illinois  Land  &  Loan  Co.  v.  Bonner,  964 
Illinois  Mut.  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Andes  Insur- 
ance Co.,  720,  728 
Illinois  Railroad  v.  Spence,  681 
Illinois  S.  &  R.  R.  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co., 

881a 
Illinois  Steel  Co.  v.  Paige,  1367 

V.  Ryska,  482 
Illinois  Surety  Co.  v.  Garrard  Hotel 

Co.,  419 
Illinois  Tel.  News  Co.  v.  Maine,  1149 
Illinois  Trust  &  Savings  Bank  v.  Bur- 
lington, 416 
Illinois  Valley  Ry.  v.  Haremski,  1358 
Imbescheid  v.  Old  Colony  R.  R.,  331a, 

1151 
Imboden  v.  Etowah  &  B.  B.  Co.,  64 
Imel  V.  Van  Deren,  6916 
Imhoff  V.  Richards,  1298 
Imlay  v.  Union  Branch  R.  R.,  1112a 
Imler  v.  City  of  Springfield,  1110 
Imperial  C.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Port  Royal  C. 

&  C.  Co.,  613,  742a 
Imperial  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Murray,  725 
Imperial  Hotel  Co.  v.  H.  B.  Claflin  Co., 

294 
Imperial  R.  S.  v.  Steinfeld  Bros.,  752 
Importers,  &  Traders  Insurance  Co.  v. 

Christie,  999fc 
Independent  Brewing  Ass'n  v.  Burt, 

162 
Independent  Ins.  Co.  v.  Thomas,  271 
Independent  M.  I.  Co.  v.  Agnew,  723a 
Independent  School  Dist.  v.  McDon- 
ald, 692e,  692/ 
Independent  T.  Y.  M.  B.  Assoc,  v.  So- 

mach,  610 
Indian  M.  J.  C.  Co.  v.  Ashville  I.  &  C. 

Co.,  734 
Indiana  &  I.  C.  Ry.  v.  Scearce,  626 
Indiana,  B.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Allen,  1149, 
1177 
V.  Koons,  84a 
Indiana  Canning  Co.  v.  Priest,  617 
Indiana  Car.  Co.  v.  Parker,  86c 
Indiana  Central  R.  R.  v.  Hunter,  1148 


2908  TABLE 

[References 

Indiana,  111.  &  la.  R.  R.  v.  Stauber, 

1166 
Indiana   Natural   Gas   &   Oil   Co.   v. 

Jones,  1166 
Indiana  Power  Co.  v.  St.  Joseph,  etc., 
«*>  Power  Co.,  1155 
Indiana  Ry.  v.  Orr,  46 
Indiana  Tie  Co.  v.  Phelps,  753 
Indiana  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Heller,  1342 

V.  Ohue,  1363 
Indianapolis  v.  Gaston,   41,  47,   180, 
226/,  481,  485 
V.  Buffer,  1110 
V.  Lawyer,  1110 
■0.  Marold,  485 
V.  Tate,  1110 
Indianapolis  &  C.  T.  Co.  v.  Larrabee, 
1161 
V.  Wiles,  1167 
Indianapolis  &  E.  Ry.  v.  Bennett,  67 
IndianapoUs  &  M.  R.  T.  Co.  v.  Reeder, 

486a 
Indianapolis  &  S.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Stables, 

41,  44,  47 
Indianapolis  &    W.  Ry.    v.  Branson, 

1161 
Indianapolis,  B.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Bimey, 
212,  2266,  226m,  864,  872 
V.  Eberle,  95 
V.  McLaughlin,  74 
Indianapolis  Commercial  Club  v.  Hil- 

liker,  573a,  1367 
Indianapolis,  D.  &  S.  Co.  R.  R.  v.  Pugh, 

1149 
Indianapolis  N.  Traction  Co.  v.  Ramer, 

11656 
Indianapolis  St.  Ry.  v.  Kane,  1354 

V.  Ray,  43/ 
Indianapolis  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Beckman, 
1367 
V.  Kidd,  226/ 
V.  Menze,  486a,  1365 
V.  Romans,  1367 
V.  Ulrick,  1360 
Indianapolis  Terra  Cotta  Co.  v.  Mur- 
phy, 646a 
Indianola  v.  G.  W.  T.  &  P.  Ry.,  416 
Industrial  &   General  Trust  v.   Tod, 

1298 
Industrial  L.  Co.  v.  Bivens,  172o 


OF  CASES 

are  to  Beetionsl 

Industrial  Works  v.  Mitchell,  161,  194, 

742a 
Inflexible,  The  Swabey,  592,  593 
Ingalls  V.  Allen,  664 

V.  Bills,  226a 

V.  Lee,  704 

V.  Lord,  256 
Ingels  V.  Mast,  1231 
Ingles  V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1261, 

1270 
Ingersoll  v.  Campbell,  305 

V.  Jones,  474,  476 

V.  Musgrove,  1215 

V.  Van  Bokkelin,  78 
Ingham  L.  Co.  v.  Ingersoll,  614 
Ingledew  v.  Northern  R.  R.,  854 
Inglehart  v.  State,  681a 
Ingraham  v.  Parks,  1326 

V.  Postell,  301c 

V.  Pullman  Co.,  107(i 
Ingram  v.  Cox,  689a 

V.  Harts,  58 

V.  Lawson,  182 

».  McComb,  692d 

V.  Morgan,  973 

V.  Rankin,  317,  493,  497o,  519 

V.  Wackemagel,  755 

V.  Wishka  Boom  Co.,  942 
Inland  Steel  Co.  v.  Harris,  666 
Inman  v.  Ball,  363 

V.  Foster,  446,  451 
Innes  v.  Milwaukee,  1367 
Insley  v.  Shepard,  614,  647o 
Insurance  Co.  v.  Brame,  570 

V.  Fogarty,  710 

V.  Leader,  723a 

V.  Mordecai,  713 

V.  Thompson,  720,  802 

V.  Transportation  Co.,  113 

V.  Updegraff,  725 
Interlaken  Land  Co.  v.  Seattle,  11496 
International  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v.  Bajli- 
gethy,  577 

V.  Barton,  318 

V.  Bell,  1149 

V.  Benitos,  937 

V.  Boykin,  573o 

V.  Brett,  1355 

V.  Brice,  1356 

V.  Butcher,  1309 


TfABLE   OF  CASES 


2909 


[References 

International  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v.  Camp- 
bell, 865 

V.  Clark,  1355 

V.  Cruseturner,  1257 

V.  Culpepper,  577 

V.  Dalwigh,  1361 

V.  Davis,  942 

V.  Dimmitt  Co.  P.  Co.,  334,  852 

V.  Doolan,  863 

V.  Duncan,  219 

V.  Fickey,  1293 

V.  Flores,  872 

V.  Foster,  937 

V.  Garcia,  380 

V.  Gieselman,  95 

V.  Greenwood,  363 

V.  Hugen,  1355 

V.  Jones,  1367 

V.  Kindred,  576 

V.  Kuehli,  574a,  577 

V.  McVey,  99  Tex.  28;  573o,  577, 
580o 

V.  McVey,  81  S.  W.  991;   1175, 
1367 

V.  Miller,  1354 

V.  Mitchell,  1307 

V.  Morin,  1356 

V.  Munn,  1367 

V.  Nicholson,  251,  844 

V.  Ormond,  1149 

V.  Pape,  937 

V.  Parish,  852 

V.  Poloma,  1355 

V.  Ragsdale,  70 

V.  Sammon,  862 

V.  Sandlin,  1365 

V.  Smith,  1263 

V.  Startz,  842 

V.  Stewart,  171a,  942 

V.   Telephone    &    Tel.    Co.,    359, 
1344 

V.  Terry,  868 

0.  White,  1367 

V.  Wobdard,  1354 
International  B.  &  T.  Co.  v.  McLane, 

1175 
International     Contracting     Co.     v. 

Nichol,  313 
International     Development     Co.     v. 
Clemans,  968 


are  to  sections] 

International  Harvester  Co.  v.  Iowa 

Hardware  Co.,  361,  683 
International  Nav.  Co.  v.  Atlantic  M. 
I.  Co.,  717 

V.  Farr  &  Barley  Mfg.  Co.,  596a 
International  O.  T.  Co.  v.  Saunders, 

894 
International  T.  B.  Co.  v.  Jones,  612 

V.  Marvin,  612 

V.  Schulte,  612 
International  T.  C.  Co.  v.  Hanks  Den- 
tal Assoc,  1220 
International  Trust  Co.  v.  Schumann, 

9996 
Interstate  C.  R.  T.  Ry.  v.  Early,  95 

V.  Simpson,  1148 
Interstate  Engineering  Co.  v.  Archer, 

742 
Investment  Co.  v.  St.  Joseph,  1140 
Inzaga  v.  Villaba,  606a 
lonides  v.  Universal  M.  I.  Co.,  718 
Iowa  Mfg.  Co.  V.  Sturtevant  Mfg.  Co., 

161,  735c,  742 
Iowa-Minnesota  Land  Co.  v.  Conner, 

186 
Ipswich  Mill  V.  County  Com'rs,  1149 
Irby  V.  Wilde,  1261,  1270 
Ireland  v.  Bowman,  948 

V.  Effiott,  487a 
Ireland's  Case,  675c 
Irion  V.  Hume,  684 
Irlbacker  v.  Roth,  302a 
Iroquois  Furnace  Co.  v.  Wilkin  Mfg. 

Co.,  413 
Ironton  Land  Co.  v.  Butchart,  186,  620 
Iron   Mountain   R.    R.    v.    Bingham, 

1108,  1152a 
Iron  R.  R.  v.  Mowery,  1330 
Iron  Wks.  v.  Boling,  155 
Ironton  Land  Co.  v.  Butchart,  1295 
Iroquois,  The,  1356 
Irrawaddy,  The,  596a 
Irrgang  v.  Ott,  483 
Irvin  ti.  Hazelton,  335 
Irving  V.  Greenwood,  641 

V.  Hagerman,  76 

V.  Manning,  717 

V.  Media,  91 

V.  Morrison,  1066 

V.  Richardson,  7l2a 


2910 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Irwin  V.  Askew,  1012 

V.  Dearman,  471,  474 

V.  Dixion,  946 

V.  McDowell,  497/,  565 

V.  Nolde,  503,  932,  987 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  574a 

V.  Pittsburgh,  etc.,  R.  R.,  341 
Isaac  Newton,  The,  3146,  656 
Isaacs  V.  McLean,  493a 

V.  Terry  &  Tench  Co.,  752 

V.  Wannamaker,  762 
Isenhart  v.  Brown,  345 
Isham  V.  Dow,  124 
Islett  V.  Oglevie,  311 
Isley  V.  Jewett,  304 

V.  Jones,  707 
Isman  v.  Loring,  439a 
Isom  V.  Book,  930a,  1261 

V.  Mississippi  Central  R.  R.,  1139a, 
1151 

V.  Rex  C.  O.  Co.,  930o 
Israel  v.  Israel,  449 

V.  Jewett,  1152 

V.  Reynolds,  789 
Itaska,  The,  587,  597a 
Ives  V.  Carter,  234,  359 

V.  Humphreys,  42, 1266,  363a,  364, 
365,  366,  367 

V.  Merchants'  Bank,  678 

V.  Van  Epps,  1067 
Iveson  V.  Moore,  946 
Ivey  V.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  1350 

V.  McQueen,  933 
Ivinson  v.  Althrop,  416 
Ivy  C.  &  C.  Co.  V.  Alabama  C.  &  C. 

Co.,  502 
Izon  V.  Gorton,  999c 


J.  D.  Moran  Mfg.  &  C.  Co.  v.  St.  Paul, 

337 
J.  E.  McMillan  Hardware  Co.  v.  Ross, 

535 
J.  F.  Ball  &  Bro.  L.  Co.  v.  Simms  L. 

Co.,  934 
J.  G.  Lindauer,  The,  1358 
J.  G.  Wagner  Co.  v.  Cawker,  419 
J.  H.   Lichtenstein  &   Co.    v.   Fargo, 

169a 


J.  I.  Case  Plow  Works  v.  Niles  &  S.  Co., 

762 
J.  I.  Case  T.  Co.  v.  Souders,  407 
J.  L.  Hasbrouck,  The,  587 
J.  M.  Ackley  &  Co.  v.  Hunter,  Benn  & 

Co.  Co.,  975 
J.  M.  Griffith  Co.  v.  Los  Angeles,  656 
J.  M.  James  Co.  v.  Continental  Nat. 

Bank,  153a,  1310a 
J.  Schlitz  Brewing  Co.  v.  McCann,  171a 
J.  T.  Stark   Grain  Co.  v.  Harry  Bros. 

Co.,  645 
J.  W.  Hugus  &  Co.  V.  Hardenburg,  1329 
J.  Zinsmeister  &  Bro.  v.  Rock  Island 

Canning  Co.,  753 
Jack  V.  M'Kee,  1020 

V.  Sinsheimer,  426a 
Jackman  v.  Doland,  1046 

V.  Eastman,  685 
Jackel  V.  Reiman,  363,  938 
Jacks  V.  Bell,  489 

V.  Dyer,  915 

V.  Turner,  337 
Jackson  v.  Adams,  156 

V.  Armstrong,  1027 

V.  Baker,  1  Wash.  C.  C.  394;  820 

V.  Baker,  2  Elw.  Ch.  471;  413 

V.  Bell,  458,  459 

V.  Brookins,  1248 

V.  Bry,  6916 

V.  Campbell,  304 

V.  Cleveland,  412 

V.  Collins,  777 

V.  ConsoUdated  Traction  Co.,  576, 
1367 

V.  Emmons,  85c,  92 

V.  Evans,  519 

V.  Farrell,  997 

V.  Glaze,  531,  533,  535 

V.  Hall,  121d 

V.  Hanna,  976 

V.  Hunt,  423 

V.  Jones,  750 

V.  Julia  Smith,  The,  844 

V.  Kiel,  932,  948 

V.  Larche,  685 

V.  Law,  3405 

V.  Lloyd,  341 

V.  Loomis,  909a,  915,  916 

V.  Millspaugh,  685Z 


Jackson  v.  Mott,  762 

V.  Nashville,  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry.,  226to 

V.  Noble,  1249,  1251,  1266 

V.  O'Donaghy,  921 

V.  Pesked,  74 

V.  Pittsburgh,  C.  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry., 
570 

V.  Portland,  1112 

V.  Rochester,  1286b 

V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1364 

V.  Schmidt,  363 

V.  Shields,  3116 

V.  Smith,  683 

V.  Stanfield,  182 

V.  Steamboat    Rock    Independent 
School  District,  667 

V.  Stetson,  447 

V.  Todd,  75 

V.  Turrell,  73 

V.  Walton,  570 

V.  Watson  &  Sons,  164o 

V.  Wells,  489,  1309 

V.  Williams,  1123 

V.  Wood,  307,  914,  919 
Jackson   Agricultural   Iron   Works   v. 
Hurlbut,  158  N.  Y.  34;  22Qd,  852 

V.  Hurlbut,  36  N.  Y.  Supp.  808; 
134a 
Jackson  Co.  v.  Waldo,  1140 
Jackson  Electric  Ry.,  L.  &  P.  Co.  v. 

Lowry,  363a 
Jackson,  F.  &  M.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Walle,  301 
Jackson  Ins.  Co.  v.  Stewart,  340c 
Jacksonville   v.   Lambert,    948,    1326, 

1328 
Jacksonville  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Kidder,  II6O0 
Jacksonville  Elec.  Co.  v.  Batchis,  1261 

V.  Bowden,  574a 
Jacksonville  M.   P.  R.  &  N.   Co.  v. 

Hooper,  999i 
Jacksonville,  M.  W.  &  S.  E.  R.  R.  v. 

Cox,  1177 
Jacksonville,  T.  &  K.  W.  Ry.  v.  Adams, 
1175 

V.  Carrison,  1326 

V.  Lockwood,  95,  924a 

V.  Peninsular  L.  T.  &  M.  Co.,  224, 
318 
Jacob  t).. Louisville,  1138a 
Jacob  Tome  Inst.  v.  Crothers,  932 


TABLE   OF   CASES 

[References  are  to  sections] 

Jacobs  V.  Adams,  306 
V.  Ballenger,  339a 


,2911 


V.  Daugherty,  689a 

0.  Hoover,  487 

V.  L.  &  N.  R.  R.,  368,  380,  385 

V.  Mandel,  618 

V.  Robb,  131 

V.  Sire,  370,  387,  637a 

V.  Tutt,  873 
Jacobsen  v.  Dalles  P.  &  A.  N.  Co.,  226? 

V.  Rothschild,  1356 

V.  United  States  Gypsum  Co.,  316 
Jacobson  v.  Anderson,  681a 

V.  Dalles  P.  &  A.  N.  Co.,  587,  588 

V.  Le  Grange,  671 

V.  Ppindexter,  229 
Jacobus  V.  Congregation,  etc.,  359 

V.  Monongahela  Nat.  Bank,  237, 
565,  565a 
Jacoby  v.  Stark,  637a,  638 
Jacot  V.  Emmett,  339 
JacqueUn  v.  Morning  Jovu^al  Assoc, 

1335 
Jacques  v.  Bridgeport  H.  R.  R.,  180 

V.  Parks,  1336 
Jaffray  v.  King,  667 
Jakobson  v.  Springer,  590,  599 
James  v.  Adams,  753,  755 

V.  Allen  County,  90,  665,  666 

V.  Biddington,  638 

V.  ElUott,  1027a,  1053 

V.  Hayes,  1345 

V.  Hodsden,  226e,  652 

V.  Kibler,  999/ 

V.  Lamb,  979 

V.  Long,  789 

V.  Morgan,  606c 

V.  Oakland  Trac.  Co.,  1358 

V.  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.,  573a, 
1372 

V.  State,  678 

V.  Tutney,  530 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  889 
James  A.  Dumont,  The,  593,  597a 
James  H.  Rice  Co.  v.  Penn  P.  G.  Co., 

636c,  636y 
James  McNeil  &  Bro.  Co.  v.  Crucible 

Steel  Co.,  932 
James  River  &  Kanawha  Co.  v.  Turner, 
1130,  1148 


2912 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Jameson  v.  Bartlett,  685^ 

V.  Dulaney,  685^ 

V.  Kent,  531o,  1293 

V.  Midland  Ry.,  200,  856o 

V.  Sweeney,  857 
Jamieson  v.  New  York  &  R.  B.  Ry., 

318,  319 
Jamison  v.  Ellsworth,  990e 
Jandt  V.  South,  540 
Jansen  v.  Ball,  634 

V.  Hilton,  793 

:;.  Minneapolis  &  S.  L.  R.  R.,    44, 
860,  1342 
January  v.  Martin,  3406 
Jaqua  v.  Headington,  407,  416,  1020 
Jaquith  v.  Hudson,  408,  418 
Jarrett  v.  Martm,  1031 
Jarvis  V.  Manhattan  B.  Co.,  439^ 

V.  Manlove,  487o 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1352 

V.  Rogers,  78 

V.  Sewall,  795 
Jason,  The,  596a 
Jasper  v.  Puraell,  3836,  384a 
Jassoy  V.  Horn,  294 
Jaudes  v.  Fisher,  645 
Jay  V.  Almy,  461,  464 
Jayne  v.  Loder,  1331 
Jean  v.  Sandiford,  316 
Jebsen  v.  E.  &  W.  Ind.  Dock  Co.,  66, 

857 
Jefcoat  V.  Gunter,  988 

».  Knotts,  69,  373,  932 
Jefferies  v.  Allen,  921 
Jeffers  v.  Easton,  774,  987 

V.  Johnson,  18  N.  J.  L.  382;  681a 

V.  Johnson,  21  N.  J.  L.  73;  793 
Jefferson  v.  Adams,  386 

V.  Bishop  of  Durham,  950 

V.  Hale,  493 
Jefferson  City  Savings  Assn.  v.  Morri- 
son, 303,  305 
Jefferson  Co.  v.  Arrghi,  1067 

V.  Hawkins,  337 

V.  Lewis,  325 
Jefferson  County  Bank  v.  Eborn,  360, 

373o,  380,  682,  683 
Jefferson  Gas  Co.  v.  Davis,  1164,  1165 
Jefferson  Hotel  Co.  v.  Brumbaugh,  425 
Jeffersonville  v.  Myers,  1110 


Jeff ersonvi  lie  v.  Patterson,  346 
Jefferaofiville,  M.  &  I.  R.  R.  w.  Downey< 
1206 

V.  Esterle,  63,  65,  95 
Jeffersonville  R.  R.  v.  Rogers,  372 
Jeffery  v.  Bastard,  655 

V.  Chicago  &  M.  E.  R.  R.,  II6O0 
Jeffras  v.  McKillop,  4486 

V.  Bigelow,  125,  148,  769 

V.  Osborne,  1149a 
Jeffries  v.  Seaboard  A.  L.  R.  R.,  1303 
Jegon  V.  Vivian,  601,  935 
Jelalian  v.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R. 

R.,  107a 
Jelison  v.  Lee,  275 

Jellett  V.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  Ry.,  57,  853 
Jemina,  The,  587 
Jemison  v.  Citizens'  Sav.  Bank,  512a 

V.  Governor,  30,  692/ 

V.  Woodruff,  1060 
Jemmison  v.  Gray,  412,  734 
Jemo  V.  Tourist  Hotel  Co.,  170a 
Jenks  V.  Quinn,  961,  964 
Jenkins  v.  Armour,  309 

V.  Bacon,  121a 

y.  Betham,  999/i 

V.  Doolittle,  303 

V.  Hay,  688a 

V.  Hopkins,  966,  969 

V.  Jones,  962 

V.  Kirtley,  606 

V.  Lemonds,  692a 

V.  Long,  834c 

V.  McConico,  515 

V.  Means,  908 

ft.  Mitchell,  631a 

V.  Montgomery  L.  Co.,  933 

V.  Parkhill,  681,  6856 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R,.,  36a 

V.  Southern  B.  T.  &  T.  Co.,  893 

V.  Steanka,  1260 

V.  Stone,  991 

V.  Temples,  632 

V.  Troutman,  554 

V.  Womach,  984 
Jenne  v.  Sutton,  36a 
Jenness  ;;.  Simpson,  478 
Jennette  v.  Sullivan,  639 
Jennings    v.    Alaska    Treadwell    Gold 
Mining  Co.,  5716 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


[References 

Jennings  v.  Bond,  984,  988,  988a 

V.  Camp,  659 

V.  Johnson,  77 

V,  Loeffler,  514 

V.  Loring,  109 

V.  Lyons,  672,  673/ 

V.  Maddox,  363o,  365,  373 

V.  Rogers  S.  P.  Co.,  1220 

V.  Smith,  851 

V.  Sparkman,  533,  536a,  537 

V.  Van  Sohaick,  1326 

V.  WiUer,  419,  657 
Jennings  H.  O.  Snyd.  v.  Housserie- 

Latreille  Oil  Co.,  493 
Jennison  v.  Hapgood,  3116,  344 
Jensen  v.  Chioagp,  S.  P.  M.  &  0.  Ry., 

484 
Jermaine  v.  Waggoner,  1108 
Jerman  v.  Stewart,  545 
Jerome  v.  Ross,  1107 

V.  Smith,  387 
Jersey  City  v.  O'Callaghan,  324a 
Jesse  French  P.  &  O.  Co.  v.  Phelps,  135 

V.  Porter,  685j,  685A;,,  685ot 
Jesser  v.  Gifford,  74 
Jessoy  V.  Horn,  405 
Jestous  V.  Brooke,  606c 
Jesus  College  v.  Bloom,  1256e 
Jeter  v.  Glenn,  238,  773,  976,  979,  982, 
983 

V.  Littlejohn,  340b 
Jevne  v.  Osgood,  685m 
Jewell  V.  Colby,  363 

V.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  1216 

V.  Schroeppel,  656 

V.  Thompson,  672 
Jewett  V.  Brooks,  613,  665,  988 

V.  Fisher,  983 

V.  Israel,  1152 

V.  Lawrenceburgh  &  U.  M.  Ry., 
630 

V.  Thompson,  334 

V.  Wanshura,  1251,  1252 

V.  Weston,  656,  660,  662 

V.  Whitney,  101,  107(i 

V.  Wilmot,  608,  614 
Joan  V.  Shielis,  901 
Job  T.  Wilson,  The,  590 
Joch  V.  Dankwardt,  44 
Jochams  v.  Ong,  753 

183 


29ia 

are  to  sections] 

Jockers  v.  Borgman,  363,  1249;  l'250i 

1251,  1252,  1254 
Johannesson  v.  BorscReniuB,  58 
Johanson  v.  The  Bark  Storia,  597a 
John  and  Cherry  Sts.,  Matter  of,  1187 
John  Blaul  &  Sons  v.  Wandel,  248a-,  533 
John  C.  Lewis  Co.  v.  Scott,  667 
John  D.  Park  &  Sons  Co.  v.  Hubbard, 

84,  1256i 
John  Davis  &  Co.  v.  Insurance  Cb.  of 

N.  America,  723a 
John  H.  Starin,  The,  597a 
John  Henry,  The,  587 
John  Hetherington  &  Sons  v.  William 

Firth  Co.,  824 
John  Hutchinson  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Pinch, 

134o,  174,  186,  189,  646,  6466 
John  Monat  Lumber  Cb.  v.  Wllmore, 

251 
John  Soley  &  Sons  v.  Jones,  642 
Johnson  v.  Allen,  78  Ala.  387;  246,  739 

V.  Allen,  100  N.  C.  131;  360,  376, 
385 

V.  Atlantic  &  S.  L.  R.  R.,  335 

V.  Arnold,  607,  607o 

V.  Bailey,  537,  538 

V.  Baltimore  &  P.  R.  R.,  41,  486 

V.  Bay  aty,  1357 

V.  Blanks,  774 

V.  Beeney,  1027 

».  Boston,  1165 

V.  Britton,  972 

V.  Camp,  373a,  384a 

V.  Caulkins,  641 

V.  Chamberlain,  692S 

V.  Chapman,  36a 

V.  Cherokee  L.  &  I.  Co.,  834c 

W.Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  77  la. 
666;  317,  318 

».  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ky.,  64  Wis. 
425;  866,  172a 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  1263 

V.  Collier,  364 

V.  Collins,  116  Mass.  392;  968,  979 

V.  Cbllihs,  89  S.  W.  253;  462 

V.  Conant,  101,  I07d 

V.  Courts,  121d,  927 

V.  Culver,  439d,  762 

V.  Daily,  47 

V.  Downing,  325 


2914  TABLE 

[References 

Johnson  v.  Drummond,  1255 
V.  Dun,  256 
V.  Eicke,  311a 
0.  Elwood,  685 
V.  F.  &  M.  Ry.,  252 
V.  Farwell,  265 
V.  Fish,  908 
V,  Futch,  910 
».  Gavitt,  439t 
V.  Gillen,  317 
V.  Great  N.  Ry.,  1346 
II.  Gwathney,  692i 
V.  Gwinn,  418 
V.  Hacker,  681a 
V.  Hamilton,  1010 
V.  Hannahan,  929,  1334 
V.  Heath,  1348 
V.  Henry,  603 
V.  Hessel,  688o 
V.  Hoffman,  1044 
V.  Holyoke,  195 
V.  Hughes,  692/ 
V.  Hulett,  990a 
V.  Ish,  1347 

V.  Jenkins,  370,  637,  641o 
V.  Jones,  1031 

V.  Lancashire  &  Y.  Ry.,  493 
V.  Levy,  3  Cal.  App.  591;  171 
V.  Levy,  118  La.  447;  638a 
V.  Levy,  122  La.  118;  637,  639 
V.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  1333,  1367 
V.  McMuIlin,  1007 
V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1303 
V.  Marks,  55,  493a 
V.  Marshall,  615 
V.  Mathews,  153 
V.  Meeker,  211 
V.  Meyer,  69,  325 
V.  Miln,  1063 
V.  Missouri  P.  Ry.,  674 
V.  Moser,  Q85h 
V.  MuUin,  1277 

V.  Northern  P.  R.  R.,  86c,  860 
V.  Nyce,  976 

V.  Old  Colony  R.  R.,  1163 
V.  Parkersburg,  1149 
V.  Perry,  226j 
V.  Purvis,  973 
V.  Railroad,  1109 
V.  Robertson,  443 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Johnson  v.  Rochester  Ry.,  1367 

V.  St.  Louis,  1123 

V.  St.  Louis  Butchers'  Supply  Co., 
1032 

V.  St.  Paul  &  D.  R.  R.,  584a 

V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1348 

e.  St.  Paul  &  W.  C.  Co.,  1365 

V.  Schultz,  1249,  1256 

V.  Semple,  305 

V.  Slaymaker,  657 

V.  Smith,  385,  386,  387,  490 

V.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R.,  577 

V.  Stallcup,  271 

V.  State,  170 

».  Stear,  80,  627 

V.  Stinger,  109 

V.  Sumner,  317,  519 

V.  Tillson,  481 

V.  Travis,  638 

V.  Troy,  1270o 

0.  Union  Pac.  R.  R.,  1354 

V.  United  States,  999e 

V.  Von  Kettler,  66  111.  63;  384 

V.  Von  Kettler,  84  111.  315;  1270 

V.  Weed,  798 

V.  Weedman,  352 

V.  Wells,  44,  488 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  79  Miss.  58 
170,  879,  888 

„.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  81  S.  C.  235 
46a,  894b,  894d 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  82  S.  C.  87 
'894(i 

V.  White  Mountain  C.  C.  Assoc, 
1049 

V.  Williams,  370,  681a,  692,  692i 
Johnson  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  v.  Johanson,  699 
Johnson  Ave.,  In  re,  243c 
Johnson  County  v.  Carmen,  573a 
Johnston  v.  Albany  Dry  Goods  Co., 
264a 

V.  Christie,  70 

V.  Cleveland  &  T.  R.  R.,  679 

V.  Cowan,  423 

V.  Crawford,  386,  487o 

V.  Disbrow,  376 

V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1200 

V.  Old  Colony  R.  R.,  1117 

V.  Sexton,  681a 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  1309 


TABLE 

[References 

Johnston  v.  Wejls,  490 
Johnstone  v.  Hall,  990c 

V.  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.,  851 
Joice  V.  Branson,  360,  364,  365 
Joiner  v.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.,  1371 
JoUet  V.  Adler,  1138,  11656 

V.  Blower,  1110,  1121,  1151 

V.  Conway,  180,  486 

V.  Fox,  171 

V.  Henry,  171a 

V.  Le  Pla,  2216 
Jolley  V.  Rutherford,  684 
Jolly  V.  Des  Moines  Northwestern  R. 
R.,  1154c 

V.  Parral  &  D.  R.  R.,  6476 

V.  Single,  134a 

V.  Terre  Haute  D.  B.  Co.,  593 
Jonas  V.  Noel,  984 

V.  Springfield  Waterworks  Co.,  999c 
Jones  V.  Adams,  655 

V.  Allen,  86a,  685? 

V.  Alsbrook,  565a 

V.  Annis,  542 

V.  Bates,  1251 

V.  Blair,  555 

V.  Boyce,  43A,  226a 

V.  Bradford,  807a 

V.  Brooke^  705,  803 

V.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  43i 

V.  Brown,  302a 

V.  Bunker  Hill  &  S.  M.  &  C.  Co., 
1354 

V.  Call,  182o 

V.  Carragan,  1168 

V.  Chamberlain,  276,  736 

V.  Chapman,  4A8d 

V.  Chicago  &  I.  R.  R.,  1165 

V.  Childs,  684a,  795 

W.Cobb,  107d,  492a 

V.  Coffey,  914 

V.  Cooley  Lake  Club,  937,  942 

V.  Corte,  The,  47 

V.  Deyer,  672,  1064 

V.  Doles,  541 
'    V.  Dyke,  838,  1002 

V.  Erie  &  W.  V.  R.  R.,  1120 

V.  F.  S.  Rayster  Guano  Co.,  947 

V.  Festiniog  Ry.  Co.,  33 

V.  Fletcher,  265 

V.  Foster,  313o 


OF  CASES  2915 

are  to  sections] 

Jones  V.  Galigher,  310 
V.  Gardiner,  1021a 
V.  Gardner,  301 

V.  George,  56  Tex.  149;  133,  191 
V.  George,  61  Tex.  345;  766 
!?.  Gilbert,  567 
V.  Gooday,  939 
V.  Greeley,  445 
V.  Green,  408 
V.  Hannovan,  101,  940 
V.  Haseltine,  974 
V.  Hayderi,  704 
V.  Hays,  684 
V.  Hicks,  78 
V.  Horn,  82,  497e,  1069 
V.  Jackson,  667 
V.  Jenkins,  458,  459 
V.  Jennings,  753 
V.  Jones,  16  Ala.  545;  808 
V.  Jones,  71  111.  562;  363a,  366 
V.  Jones,  1  Ired.  Eq.  332;  310a 
V.  Jones,  2  Swan,  605;  660,  665 
V.  Joynei',  801 
V.  Judd,  655c 
V.  Just,  762 
V.  Kansas  City,  F.  S.  &  M.  Ry., 

574a,  577 
V.  Keith,  1152a 
V.  Kellogg,  497/ 
V.  King,  109 
V.  Kinney,  439i 
V.  Kramer  &  Bros.  Co.,  924 
V.  Lamon,  378,,  565a 
V.  Leonardt,  578 
V.  Lewis,  236,  1257 
V.  Lowell,  83 
V.  McNeil,  55 
V.  Mallory,  305 

V.  Manufacturers'  Nat.  Bank,. 341 
V.  Marsh,  659 
V.  Marshall,  1263 
V.  Matthews,  361. 
V.  Mayer,  766 
V.  Merrill,  915 
V.  Mial,  607 
V.  Morehead,  1230 
V.  Morgan,  1298 
V.  Mudd,  1025 
V.  Murray,  448a 
V.  Nathrop,  186 


2916 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[ReferenoeB  are  to  sections] 


Jones  V.  National  Printing  Co;,  166, 742 

V.  Nelson,  186 

V.  New  Orleans  &  S.  R.  R.,  1133, 
1175 

V.  N.  Y.,  655o 

V.  Niagara  Junction  Ry.,  1354 

V.  Noe,  107£f,  973 

V.  Peterson,  482 

V.  Portland,  1307 

».  Queen,  407,  419 

V.  Rahilly,  374 

t>.  Richardson,  1301 

V.  Ross,  766 

».  Soriven,  1072 

V.  Seattle,  1143o 

1).  Seligman,  1164 

V.  Smith,  691a 

V.  Snider,  497^ 

V.  State,  704 

».  Stevenson,  451 

».  Telegraph  Co.,  109,  893 

B.  Texas  &  N.  O.  R.  R.,  48^,  864 

V.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.,  2260 

i).  Townsend,  452 

V.  Turpin,  360,  388 

V.  United' States,  942 

».  Utica  &  B.  R.  R.  R.,  1291 

e.  Vance  Shoe  Co.,  Q73d 

i>.  Van  Patten,  30 

V.  Voorhees,  873 

V.  Wells,  856a 

V.  Wills  Valley  R.  R.,  1137 

D.  Wolcott,  835,  836,  837 

V.  Woodbury,  655 
Jones's  Appeal,  1300 
Jones  &  Adams  Co.  v.  George,  1331 
Jones  Lumber  Co.  v.  Gatliff,  934 
Jonesboro  L.  C.  &  E.  Ry.  ».  Cable,  937 

t).  Crigger,  416 
Jonsson  v.  Lindstrom,  935a 
Joost  V.  Craig,  692p 
Joplin  C.  M.  Co.  V.  Joplin,  1123 
Joplin  Water  Co.  v.  Bathe,  762 
Jordan  v.  Adams,  801 

V.  Benwood,  69,  72,  74,  1123 

V.  Bowen,  1309 

V.  Cedar  Rapids  &  M.  C.  Ry.,  181 

V.  Delaware  &  A.  T.  Co.,  930,  933 

1).  Eaton,  858 

V.  Fitz,  659 


Jordan  v.  La  Vine,  689a 

V.  Lewis,  411 

V.  Middlesex  R.  R.,  180,  486 

V.  New  York  &  H.  R.  R.,  1356 

V.  Patterson,  159,  162 

V.  Seattle,  1216;  1355 

V.  Thomas,  539 

V.  Warren  Ins.  Co.,  710,  841 
Joseph  V.  Edison  Electric  Co.,  1353 

u.  Lyon,  325 

V.  Richardson,  762,  773 

V.  Sulzberger,  741 
Joseph  Schlitz  Brewing  Co.  v.  Compton, 
93 

V.  Dilncan,  218 
Josey  V.  Wihnington  &  M.  R.  R.,  432a 
Joske  ».  Pleasants,  608,  614,  642 
Josling  V.  Irvine,  734 
Joshua  Barker,  The,  596,  845 
Joshua  L.  Bailey  &  Co.  t).  Western  U. 

T.  Co.,  891 
Jourolmon  v.  Ewing,  282;  301B,  340 
Joy  V.  Bitzer,  125,  769 

V.  Grindstone   Neck  Water  Co., 
1152 

V.  Hopkins,  1294 

1).  Morgan,  814 

V.  Security  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Joyscli).  Barney,  544 
Joyner  v.  Weeks,  999^ 
Jo^a  V.  Moroney,  454 
Juchter  v.  Boehm,  1304 
Jucher  v.  Whitridge,  1367 
Judd  V.  Ballard,  4866 

V.  Dennison,  762a 
Judden  v.  Dike,  301,  311c 
Judice  V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  610 
Judge  V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

11496 
Judkins  v.  Walker,  673a 
Judson  ».  Griffin,  274 

V.  Reardon,  1336 
Juilliard  v.  Greenman,  269 
Juiilard  v.  Orem,  310a 
Julius  Jonson's   Sons  v.  Buellesbach, 

166 
Jumel'  V.  Mar  Ins.  Co;,  717 
Junction  Lumber  Co.  v.  Sharp,  948 
Junction  R.  R.  v.  Rogers,  380 
June  V.  Falkinburg,  762 


TABLE 

[References 

Jungblum  v.  Minneapolis  N.  W.  &  S 

W.  R.  R.,  942 
Juniata,  The,  588,  599 
Just  v.  Grave,  89 

V.  Porter,  535 
Justice  V.  Kirlin,  445 

V.  Mendell,  493 

V.  Nesquehoning  V.  Ry.,  1176 

V.  Philadelphia,  1157 
Justy  V.  Erro,  834d 
Jutte  V.  Hughes,  155,  2266,  948,  1265 
Juul  V.  Kitsap  Transp.  Co.,  1358 


K.  B.  Koosa  &  Co.  v.  Warten,  990 

K.  E.  Mining  Co.  v.  Jacobson,  412 

Kabus  V.  Frost,  992 

Kadgin  v.  Miller,  1254 

Kadish  v.  Young,  636o,  636/,  753,  758 

Kafer  ».  Harlow,  689a 

Kahn  v.  Kahn,  90 

Kake  v.  Horton,  574a,  578 

Kalbfleisch,  The,  597a 

Kalckhoff  v.  Zoehriaut,  256 

Kalembach  v.  Michigan  Cent.  R.  R., 

1371 
Kaley  v.  Shed,  55,  60 
Kalfur  V.  Broadway  F.  &  M.  A.  B.  R., 

1356 
Kalkhoff  V.  Nelson,  90,  636<i 
Kalkman  v.  Baylis,  674 
Kamerick  v.  Castleman,  317 
Kampmann  v,  Rothwell,  1347 
Kane  v.  Johnson,  1826,  565c 

V.  Mitchell    Transportation    Co., 
1367 

V.  New  York  Elevated  Railroad, 
llfll 

V.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R,  E., 
86c 

V.  Ohio  Stone  Co.,  657 

V.  Sanger,  956,  959 

V.  Smith,  310 
Kankakee  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Horan,  131  111. 
288;  926 

V.  Horan,  23  HI.  App.  259;  95, 225 
Kannon*.  Pillow,  911 
Kansas  &  C.  P.  Ry.  v.  Curry,  «9,  636^ 
Kansas  &  T.  C.  Co.  v.  Reed,  1364 


m  CASES  2917 

are  to  sections] 

Kansas  B.  P.  Co.  v.  rUnited  States  F.  & 

G.  Co.,  688a 
Kansas  Central  By.  v.  AUen,  1149, 1154 
Kansas  City  v.  Davidson,  611 
V.  Frohwerk,  924 
■     V.  Kansas  City  B.  Ry.,  1164 
V.  Manning,  1348 
V.  Mprse,  1168 
V.  Morton,  1172a 
V.  Mulkey,  1160 
Kansas  City  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  jKregelo, 

1165,  1166 
Kansas  City  &  O.  R.  R.  v.  .Rogers,  «33 
Kansas  City  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Splitlqg,  253, 

1171 
Kansas  City  E.  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Merrill, 

1154 
Kansas  Qty,  F.  S.  &.M.  R.  R.  v.  Cook, 
942 
V.  Daughtry,  584 
V.  Eagan,  490 
Kansas  City,  F.  S.  &  G.  R.  R.  v.  Kier, 

368 
Kansas  City,  Ft.  S.  &  M.  R.  R.  v. 
Little,  865 
V.  McGahey,  873 
V.  Stoner,  860 
Kansas  City  Hotel  Co.  v.  Sauer,  238, 

806 
Kansas  City  H.  P.  Co.  v.  Devol,  1230, 

1243 
Kansas  City  M.  &£.  R.  R.  w.  Donjgh- 
try,  377o 
V.  Foster,  865 
V.  Lackey,  1110 
V.  Southern  Ry.  N^wsCo.,  795 
Kansas  City,  M.  &  0.  Ry.  «.  Mayfield, 

937 
Kansas  City,  M.  &  B.  R.  R.  v.  Phillips, 
380 
t)., Sanders,  5716 
Kansas  City,  O.  L.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Weiden- 

mann,  252 
Kansas  City  R.  R.  v.  Berry,  336 
Kansas-City  S.  <fe  G.  R.  R.  v.  Louisiana 

W.  R.  R.,  1152o,  1169 
Kansas  City  S.  B.  R.  R.  v.  JNorcross, 

1154,  1161 
Kansas  City  S.  C.  &  R.  Co.  v,  Taylor, 
1354 


2918 


Table  of  cases 

[References  are  to  sections] 


Kansas  City,  St.  J.  &  C.  B.  R.  R.  v. 

Simpson,  851 
Kansas  City  S.  Ry.  v.  Anderson,  1169 

V.  Boles,  1168 

V.  Frost,  577 

V.  Henrie,  1367 

V.  Hewie,  574a 
Kansas  City  Star  Co.  v.  Carlisle,  447, 

448o 
Kansas  City  Stock  Yard  Co.  v.  Haw- 
kins, 852 
Kansas  City,  W.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  v. 

Fisher,  1171 
Kansas  P.  Ry.  v.  Cutter,  580 

V.  Little,  368 

V.  Lundin,  574a 

V.  Mihlman,  92,  95,  214,  226& 

V.  Miller,  584 

V.  Pointer,  41,  47,  180,  226/,  481, 
485 

».  Peavey,  1357 

V.  Reynolds,  854 
Kansas  Protective  Union  v.  Whitt,  732 
Kansas  Z.  M.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Brown,  933 
Karan  v.  Pease,  580a 
Karasich  v.  Hasbrouch,  1347 
Karbach  v.  Fogel,  988a 
Karch  v.  Commonwealth,  692t 
Karczenska  v.  Chicago,  1354 
Kares  v.  Covell,  1012o 
Karkowski  v.  Pitass,  377 
Kamitzky  v.  Banwer,  414 
Kams  V.  Allen,  36a 
Karr  v.  Karr,  Slid 

».  Parks,  485 

ti^  Peter,  679a 
Karst ».  St.  Paul,  S.  &  T.  P.  R.  R.,  214B, 

932,  939 
Karthaus  v.  Owings,  689a 
Karwowski  v.  Pitass,  368 
Kaskaskia  Bridge  Co.  v.  Shannon,  1031 
Kaspari  v.  Marsh,  574 
Kasper  v.  Walla,  495 
Kastner  v.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  380 
Katahdin  P.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Peltomaa, 

1270a , 
Kattelman  v.  Guthrie,  Slid 
Katz  V.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  1369 

V.  Cleveland,  C;  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry., 
856 


Katz  V.  Wolf,  170 
Kauflfman  v.  Babcock,  1826 
Kaufman  v.  Fye,  639a,  640a 

V.  Tacoma,  O.  &  G.  H.  R.  R.,  1123, 
1143a 

V.  Tredway,  302o 

V.  Wicks,  357,  383a 
Kauss  V.  Rohner,  671 
Kavanagh  v.  Brooklyn,  1112 
Kavanaugh  v.  Day,  678 

V.  Taylor,  170a,  317 
Kaveh  v.  South  Omaha,  1154 
Kayser  v.  Chicago,   B.  &  Q.  R.  R., 

1165a,  1166 
Kazy  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894 
Keables  v.  Christie,  1304 
Keaggy  v.  Hite,  493 
Keane  v.  Branden,  310 

V.  Main,  364 

V.  Seattle,  1352 
Kear  v.  Garrison,  43j 
Kearney  v.  Boston  &  W.  R.  R.,  5706 

V.  Glutton,  497e 

V.  Doyle,  6556 

V.  Fitzgerald,  36a,  1251,  1252,  1256 

V.  Metropohtan  El.  R.  R.,  1201 
Keast  V.  Santa  Ysabel  G.  M.  Co.,  574 
Keating  v.  Boston  El.  Ry.,  486c 

V.  Cincinnati,  939 

V.  Springer,  1057 
Keber  v.  Mahoney  City  Gas  Co.,  182 
Keck  V.  Bieber,  410,  413 
Kedden  v.  Pubhc  Service  Ry.,  1364 
Keeble  v.  Keeble,  415,  416 
Keefei).  Fairfield,  412 

V.  Lee,  1261,  1270a 
Keegan  v.  Harlan,  182 
■       t).  Kinhare,  999;,  1042 
Keehn  v.  McGillicudd^,  1112a 
Keehner  v.  Kinder,  339  ^ 
Keel  V.  Ogden,  684 
Keeler  v.  Herr,  657 

V.  Ricker,  682 

V.  Wood,  238,  962,  982,  983 
Keeler  Co.  v.  Schott,  753 
Keeley  v.  Great  No.  Ry.,  578 
Keeling  v.  Pommer,  1249,  1249a 
Keen  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R., 

'     1270 

t),  Whittington,  688 


TABLE 
[References 

Keenan  v.  Getsinger,  664a 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1270a 
Keene  v.  Dilke,  226c 

V.  Keene,  287,  325 

V.  Lizardi,  378 

V.  Metropolitan  El.  R.  R.,  1205c 
Keenholts  v.  Becker,  88,  444a 
Keenan  v.  Cavanaugh,  125a,  929 
Keep  V.  Fuller,  1237 
Keesling  v.  Frazier,  803 
Kehoe  v.  Allentown  &  L.  V.  Traction 
Co.,  218 

V.  Philadelphia,  110 

V.  Rutherford,  615,  6556 
Kehrer  v.  Richmond  City,  1112 
Kehrig  v.  Peters,  378 
Keiffer  v.  Smith,  55 
Keigher  v.  St.  Paul,  337 
Keil  V.  Chartiers  V.  C.  Co.,  380 
Keiley  v.  The  Cypress,  599 
Keir  v.  Leeman,  36 
Keim  v.  Warfield,  101 
Keirnan  v.  Heaton,  373,  932 
Keith  V.  Day,  962 

V.  Haggart,  82 

V.  Ham,  58 

V.  Henkleman,  685,  685j 

V.  Hinkston,  89,  636ft 

V.  Ridge,  656 

V.  Tilford,  1297 
Keithsburg  &  Eastern  R.  R.  v.  Henry, 

1129,  1138 
Kell».  Trenchard,  778 
Kellam  v.  Hampton,  408,  414 
Kellar  v.  Carr,  689a 

V.  Lewis,  226/ 
Keller  v.  American  B.  P.  Co.,  448 

V.  Berry,  1309 

V.  Boatman,  791 

V.  Oilman,  486o,  1307 

V.  Stoltzenbaugh,  1216 
Kellerman  v.  Arnold,  1247,  1249,  1254 

V.  Kansas  City,  S.  J.  &  C.  B.  R.  R., 
851 
Kellett  V.  Robie,  637,  1339 
Keiley  v.  Archer,  493a 

V.  Bradford,  661 

V.  Central  R.  R.,  573a,  574a 

V.  Dillon,  448d 

e.  Highfield,  637o,  639o 


OF  CASES  29ld 

are  to  sections] 

Keiley  v.  Keiley,  484 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  1167 

V.  Mckibben,  540 

V.  Miles,  984,  987 

V.  Ohio  R.  R.  R.,  673a 

V.  Phoenix  Nat.  Bank,  325,  3406 

V.  Riley,  639 

V.  Seay,  676 

V.  State,  692e 

V.  Third  Nat.  Bank,  1258 

V.  West,  1025 
Keiley,  Maus  &  Co.  v.  La  Crosse  Car- 
riage Co.,  603 
Kellinger  v.  Forty-second  St.  &  O.  S.  F. 

R.  R.,  1183,  1184,  1187 
Kellogg  V.  Albany  &  H.  R.  &  P.  Co., 
1367 

!).  Citizens'  Ins.  Co.,  664  ' 

V.  Curtis,  411 

V.  Frohlich,  753 

V.  Hickok,  341 

V.  Kirksville,  95 

V.  Krauser,  1295 

«;.  Lavender,  326 

V.  MaUck,  993,  999 

V.  MaUn,  65,  970,  973 

V.  Manro,  553,  654,  686 

V.  Ry.,  67a 

V.  Scott,  692a 

V.  Sweeney,  46  N.  Y.  291;  271,  272 

V.  Sweeney,  1  Lans.  397;  272 

V.  Thompson,  256 
Kellogg  Bridge  Co.  v.  United  States, 

642 
Kelly  V.  Allen,  1016,  1027 

V.  Altemus,  133,  638 

V.  Baltimore,  1172a 

V.  Butte,  942,  1347 

V.  Carthage  Wheel  Co.,  664,  667, 
669 

V.  Cunningham,  772 

V.  Dutch  Church  of  Schenectady,, 
959,  985 

V.  Fahmey,  163a 

V.  Fall  Brook  Coal  Co.,  313 

V.  Fejervary,  413,  419 

V.  Low,  979 

V.  McDonald,  1326 

V.  McKibben,  226c 

V.  Moody,  6926 


2920 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to 'sections] 


Kelly  V.  New  York  &  M.  B.  B,.  R.,  70 

V.  Partington,  113 

V.  Pember,  1050 

V.  Peirce,  6226,  756 

V.  Renfro,  50,  53,  641e 

V.  Rochester,  1371 

V.  Rogers,  233,  234 

V.  Sherlock,  98, 1368 

V.  Smith,  821 

V.  United  States,  642 

V.  Wheel  Co.,  666 
Kellyville  Coal  Co.  w.  Moreland,  1309 
Kelsey  v.  Murphy,  335 

V.  Remer,  226e,  979,  980 
Kelso  ».  Marshall,  752 

V.  Reid,  418 
Kelty  V.  Jones,  107d 
Kember  v.  Southern  Exp.  Co.,  851 
Kemble  v.  Farren,  399,  413 
Kemmerer  v.  Edleman,  99 

V.  Kemmerer,  310o 
Kemner  v.  Beaumont  Lumber  Co,,  959 
Kemp  V.  Finden,  808 

V.  Knickerbocker  Ice  Co.,  423 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1109 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Kemper  v.  Louisville,  1166d 
Kempker  v.  Roblyer,  819 
Kempner  v.  Cohn,  1012 

V.  Heidenheimer,  1023 
Kendall  v.  Albia,  47,  226/,  482 

V.  Aleshire,  692i 

V.  Fitts,  531,  535 

V.  Lewiston  Water  Power  Co.,  335 

I).  May,  1304 

V.  Stone,  5  N.  Y.  14;  455 

V.  Stone,  2  Sandf.  269;  352 
Kendall  B.  N.  Co.  v.  Commissioners  of 

Sinking  Fund,  613,  614 
Kenderdine  Hydro-Carbon  Fuel  Co.  v. 

Plumb,  610,  619,  625 
Kendrick  v.  -Forney,  801 

V.  Kemp,  446 

V.  McCrary,  48,  473 

t».  Ryus,  1027 

V.  Towle,  318 
Kenerson  v.  Colgan,  607o 
Kenkele  v.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1190  ' 
Kenley  v.  Commonwealth,  689o 
Kennebeck  Co.  v.  Boulton,  36o 


Kennebeck  Purchase  v.  Boulton,  1279 
Kennebec  Water  Dist.  v.  Waterville, 

1171c 
Kennedy  v.  American  Express  Co.,  200 

V.  Barnwell,  308o 

V.  Brown,  681a 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  1354, 
1359 

V.  Dodge,  852,  1049 

V.  Dubuque,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1167 

>».  Erdway,  366,  373 

V.  Gregory,  44:8d 

V.  Nims,  688 

V.  North  Missouri  R.  R.,  347 

V.  Rodgers,  637,  638,  368a,  638b 

V.  St.  Paul  aty  Ry.,  1347,  1364 

V.  South  Shore  Lumber  Co.,  666 

V.  Strong,  295,  317 

V.  Standard  Sugar  Refinery,  5706 

V.  Sullivan,  1254 

V.  Travis  County,  1149 

V.  Way,  1368 

V.  Whitwell,  317,  519 

V.  Woodrow,  364,  377 
Kennett  v.  Fickel,  537,  1296 
Kenney  v.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  Ry.,  293 

V.  Knight,  633 

V.  South  Shore  N.  G.  &  F.  Co., 
1358 
Kennison  v.  Taylor,  283,  239,  966,  982, 

983 
Kennon  v.  Dickins,  345 

ti.  Gilmer,  1330 

V.  Thompson,  343 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  101 
Kenny  v.  Collier,  98,  183,  984 

V.  Knickerbocker  B.  &  Y.  Co.,  614 

V.  Marquette  Cement  Mfg.  Co., 
1357 
Kenrig  v.  Eggleston,  1216 
Kent  V.  Mtna,  Ins  Co.,  725 

V.  fionzey,  453 

V.  Sown,  331 

V.  Dunham,  301c 

V.  Ginter,  516a,  745 

V.  Halliday,  133 

V.  Hudson  R.  R.  R„  847 

V.  Kelway  Lane,  1216 

V.  Kent,  302o 

V.  St.  Joseph,  1140 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2921 


[References 

Kent  County  Agricultural  Society  v. 

Ide,  935a 
Kenton  Ins.  Co.  v.  First  Nat.  Bank,  303 
Kentucky  v.  Janioek,  1165a 
Kentucky  &  I.  B.  &  R.  Co.,  v.  Sing- 

heiser,  1347 
Kentucky  &  I.  C.  Co.  ».  Cleveland,  611 

».  Morgan,  935 
Kentucky  C.  R.  R.  v.  Ackley,  41,  47, 
180,  226/ 

V.  Dills,  368 

V.  Gastineau,  584 

tf.  Ryle,  1356 
Kentucky  D.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Barrett,  948 

V.  Lillard,  608 
Kentucky  Hotel  Co,  v.  Camp,  1348 

V.  Hood,  143,  373 
Kentucky  L.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Crabtree,  689a 
Kentucky  M.  Ry.  v.  Stump,  373 
Kentucky  Stave  Co.  v.  Page,  933,  934 
Kentucky  Title  Co.  v.  English,  346 
Kentucky  Wagon  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Shake, 

1359 
Kenwood  Bridge  Co.  v.  Dunderdale, 

655c 
Kenworthy  v.  Hopldns,  700 

V.  Stevens,  657 
Kenyon  v.  Cameron,  360,  387 

V.  Goodall,  153 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R„  924, 
932 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  109 

V.  Woodrufi,  440,  785,  802 
Keon  V.  Whitney,  999c 
Kepple  If.  Keokuk,  1112a 

V.  Lehigh  C.  &  N.  Co.,  924 

V.  Petersburg  R.  R.,  278 
Kerfoot  v.  Marsden,  638 
Kerkow  v.  Bauer,  573a,  580,  1251 
Kerley  v.  Richardson,  975,  979, 1013 
Kerling  v.  G.  W.  Van  Dusen  &  Co., 

580a,  1367 
Kern  v.  Creditors,  803 
Kemgood  v.  Gusdorf,  685A 
Kemochan  v.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1201 

V.  New  York  B.  F.  I.  Co.,  725 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  926,  1201 
Kerns  v.  Hagenbuchle,  637,  637o,  1339, 

1340 
Kerr  v.  Blair,  246 


are  to  sections] 

Kerr  v.  Cusenbary,  673d 

V.  FuUarton,  686 

V.  Haverstick,  326,  328 

V.  Love,  312 

V.  Minnesota  M.  B.  Assoc,  732 

V.  Mount,  493a 

V.  O'Connor,  36a 

V.  Quaker  City  Ins.  Co.,  716 

V.  Shaw,  456 

V.  South  Park  Comrs.,  1138,  1162 

V.  Union  Ry.,  1368 
Kerrigan  v.  Market  St.  R.  R.,  580 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1306 
Kersenbrock  v.  Martin,  53Ja 
Kersey  v.  Schuylkill  River  E.  S.  R.  R., 

1142,  1149,  1164 
Kerslake  v.  Mclnnis,  412 
Kervin  v.  Utter,  313 
Kerz  V.  Wold,  685j,  685fc 
Kesler  v.  Smith,  574 
Kessee  v.  Mayfield,  673/ 
Kester  v.  Miller,  760 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,. 894 
Ketcham  v.  Cohn,  66 

V.  Eox,  1254 
Ketchum  v.  Wells,  1060 
Kettle  V.  Harvey,  661 

V.  Hutchinson,  1060 

V.  Lipe,  802 
Kettleworth  v.  Refuge  Assur.  Co.,  439c 
Key  V.  Hehson,  1053 

V.  Key,  1012 
Keyes  v.  Devlin,  481,  487o 

V.  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Ry.,  44, 
226a 

V.  Pueblo  S.  &  R.  R.,  1222 

V.  Western  V.  S.  Co.,  209,  226,  618, 
647c,  991,  992,  1070 

I).  Morrison,  294 
Keyser  v.  Jurvelius,  857 

V.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  By.,  95, 
1109 
Keystone  L.  &  I.  Co.  v.  McGrath,  363o, 

368 
Keystone  L.  &  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Dole,  660, 

662 
Keystone  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Adams,  1243 
Keyworth  v.  Hill,  492a 
Kibler  v.  Southern  Ry.,  365 
Kickw.  Doerste,  606,  655/ 


2922 


tABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Kicks  V.  State  Bank,  1012o 
Kidd  V.  McCormick,  633d 

V.  Mitchell,  515 
Kidder  v.  Barker,  547 

V.  Oxford,  331a 
Kidney  v.  Stoddard,  439/ 
Kielty  v.  Buehler-Cooney  Const.  Co., 

1355 
Kienle  v.  Fred  Gretsch  Realty  Co.,  995 
Kiernan  v.  Chicago,  S.  F.  &  C.  Ry., 
1294 

».  Germain,  991 

V.  Rocheleau,  762 
Kiersted  v.  State,  686 
Kiff  V.  Youmans,  384,  487 
Kiger  v.  McCarthy  Co.,  1011 
Kilboum  v.  Thompson,  364,  366,  368, 

461,  462,  464 
Kilbourne  v.  State  Inst.,  12866 
Kilburn  v.  Coe,  1250 
Kilby  V.  Erwin,  933 
Kiley  v.  Lee  Canning  Co.,  753 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  109  N.  Y. 
231;  875,  876 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  39  Hun,  158; 
888 
Kilgore  v.  Powers,  326 
Kille«.Ege,908,911 
Killen  v.  North  Jersey  St.  Ry.,  1371 
Killian  v.  Eigenmann,  294 
Killilan  v.  Hemdon,  339a 
Kihner  v.  Parrish,  1368,  1369 

V.  Reckitt,  1358 
Kilmore  v.  Abdoolah,  1282 
Kilpatrick  v.  Haley,  378,  380a 

V.  Inman,  617 

V.  William  Whitmer  &  Sons,  734 
Kimball  v.  Adams,  1174 

V.  Bryant,  966,  979 

V.  Connolly,  560 

V.  Deere,  752 

V.  Doggett,  993 

V.  Holmes,  44a,  436 

V.  Marshall,  82 
Kimball  &  A.  M.  Co.  v.  Vroman,  764 
Kimball  Bros.  Co.  v.  Citizens'  Gas  & 

Electric  Co.,  205 
Kimberly  v.  Howland,  43ft,  486a 
Kimel  v.  Kimel,  98,  99 
Kimes  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  293 


Kimic  V.  San  Jose-Los  Gates  I.  Ry., 

1326,  1360 
Kimmell  v.  Bums,  326,  328 
Kimports  v.  Breton,  734 
Kincaid  v.  Brittain,  966 

V.  Price,  753 

V.  Walla  Walla  V.  T.  Co.,  1348 
Kindred  v.  Stitt,  464 
King  V.  Bangs,  73,  81 

V.  Board  of  Council  of  City  of  Dan- 
ville, 941 

V.  Bressie,  1027,  1052 

V.  Brewer,  677 

».  Brown,  651,  6736,  1020 

V.  Buckman,  3016 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  85c 

V.  Comrs.  of  Sewers,  1108 

V.  Des  Moines,  647 

V.  Diehl,  301c 

V.  Finch,  3406 

V.  Fowler,  937 

V.  Franklin,  492a 

V.  Gilson,  966,  977 

V.  Gray,  1013 

V.  Ham,  497 

V.  Hanson,  385 

V.  Herron,  692o 

V.  Hudson  R.  R.  R.,  620 

n.  Iowa  M.  R.  R.,  1110 

V.  Kerr,  961,  978,  981 

V.  Kersey,  639 

V.  Little,  912,  913 

V.  London  Dock  Co.,  1093 

V.  Merriman,  503,  934 

V.  Minneapolis  N.  Ry.,  252,  1171 

V.  Mott,  1028 

V.  Nichols,  53  Minn.  453;  618 

V.  Nichols,  16  Oh.  St.  80;  692i 

ti.  Orser,  55a,  76,  244,  493 

V.  Oshkosh,  481,  485,  1289,  1307 

V.  Perfection  B.  M.  Co.,  618 

V.  Phillips,  Peters  C.  C.  350;  803 

V.  PhilUps,  95  N.  C.  245;  339 

V.  Pyle,  960,  975,  1028 

V.  Ramsey,  691a,  6916 

V.  Root,  352,  377,  451 

V.  Sassaman,  364,  377 

V.  Scammbnden,  964 

V.  Shepherd,  317,  845 

V,  Sherwood,  852 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2923 


King  t).  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  317,  318 

V.  State  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  725 

V.  Steiren,  206,  227,  667 

V.  Waterman,  636(i 

V.  Will  J.  Block  Amusement  Co., 
'667 

V.  Wise,  1041 

V.  Woodbridge,  854 
King  County,  v.  Ferry,  692b 
Kingdom  v.  Cox,  659 
Kingfisher  v.  Altizer,  1309 
Kinghome  v.  Montreal  Telegraph  Co., 

883 
Kingman  v.  Western  Mfg.  Co.,  613, 

636c,  752 
Kingman  &  Co.  i>.  Hanna  Wagon  Co., 

752 
Kingfibury  v.  Millner,  959,  982 

V.  Smith,  495,  983 

V.  Westfall,  67o,  999c 
Kingsland  v.  Clark,  999(i 
Kingston  v.  Fort  Wayne,  etc.,  Ry.,  1303 
Kinnaird  v.  Standard  Oil  Co.,  91 
Kinne  v.  New  Haven,  1041 
Kinnear  v.  Robinson,  494 
Kinner  v.  Shepard,  1230 
Kinney  w.  Crocker,  482o 

V.  Folkerts,  1354 

V.  Watts,  959,  985 
Kinports  v.  Breon,  763 
Kinsella  v.  Riesenberg,  1270a 
Kinsey  v.  Wallace,  1330 
Kinssly  v.  Hire,  384 
Kintz  V.  McNeal,  946 
Kip  V.  Brigham,  792,  805 
Kipp  J).  Wiles,  737 
Kirbs  V.  Propne,  682 
Kirby  v.  Armstrong,  1233 

V.  Forbes,  691d 

V.  Railroad,  1110,  1167 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1352, 
1355 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Kirby  Liunber  Co:  v.  C.  R.  Cummings 
&  Co.,  742 

V.  Lloyd,  484,  485 
Kirchman  v.  Tuffli  Bros.  P.  I.  &  C.  Co., 

753 
Kirchner  v.  Myers,  1248,  1251 
Kirk  V.  Du  Bois,  1243 


Kirk  V.  Hartman,  667 

V.  Seattle  Electric  Co.,  181 
Kirkeys  v.  Crandall,  819 
Kirkman  v.  VanUer,  303,  341 
Kirkpatrick  v.  Downing,  1007 

V.  McNamee,  935 
Kirksey  v.  Friend,  795 

V.  Jones,  683 
Kirschmann  v.  Lediard,  753 
Kirtlaiid  v.  Molton,  278 
Kisseoker  v.  Monn,  927 
Kissinger-Ison  Co.  v.  Bradford  Belting 

Co.,  1230 
Kist  t).  Atkinson,  1038 
Kitchen  v.  Branch  Bank  at  Mobile,  301 
•  Kitchen  Bros.  Hotel  Co.  v.  Philbin,  182, 

988o 
Kitchenman  v.  Skeel,  1276,  1277 
Kittel  V.  Augusta,  T.  &  G.  R.  R.,  305 
Kittel's  Estate,  305 
Kittredge  v.  McLaughlin,  345 
Kitzinger  v.  Sanborn,  734 
Kivett  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894(i 
■Klages  V.  Philadelphia  &  R.  T.  R.  R.  R., 

331a 
Klein  v.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  1363 

V.  Burleson,  1270 

V.  East  River  Electric  Light  Co;, 
346 

V.  Equitable  Gaslight  Co.,  126d 

V.  Jewett,  486 

V.  Klein,  1271 

V.  Second  Avenue  R.  R.,  482a 

V.  Thompson,  67 
Kleiner  v.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  1270a 
Klemm  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R., 

1367 
Kleppner  v.  Lemon,  999fc 
Klewin  v.  Bauman,  364,  377 
KUeb  V.  Mclnturff,  778 
KHnck  V.  Colby,  447 
Kline  v.  Kline,  43i,  484 

V.  McCandless,  494c,  565a 
Klingman  v.  Holmes,  376 

ti.  Racine  Sattley  Co.,  608,  633 
Klinkert  v.  Fulton  S.  &  M.  Co.,  531o, 

536,  537,  538 
Klock  V.  Robinson,  334,  336 
Klopfer  V.  Bromme,  386,  475 
Kopp  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  1149 


2924 


TABLE   aF   CASES 


[References 

Klosterman  v.  Chesapeake  &  O.  R.  R., 

1149 
Knadler  v.  Sharp,  979 
Knapp  V.  Banks,  1285 

V.  Barnard,  136,  565c 

V.  Campbell,  451 

V.  Great  W.  Ry.,  95 

V.  Lee,  973 

V.  Maltby,  400,  417 

V.  Roche,  57 

V.  Sioux  City  &  P.  Ry.,  485,  1355 

V.  United  States  &  C.  Exp.  Co., 
256,  819,  856a 
Knatz  V.  Wise,  311/ 
Kneeland  v.  American  L.  &  T.  Co., 

336 
Knefel  v.  Ahem,  235a 
Knepper  v.  Kurtz,  973 
Knettle  v.  Crouse,  345 
Knickerbocker  v.  Wilcox,  803 
Knickerbocker    Ice    Co.    v.    Gardiner 
Dairy  Co.,  364,  470a 

V.  Leyda,  172 
Knickerbocker  Ins.  Co.  v.  Gould,  301, 

724 
Kniffen  v.  McConnell,  638,  639,  640a, 

641 
Knight  V.  Beckwith  Commercial  Co., 
375,  540 

w.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  2146 

V.  Egerton,  61,  990a 

V.  Eureka  Ins.  Co.,  712o 

t».  Foster,  445,  452 

V.  Hughes,  808 

V.  Maclean,  678 

V.  Mantz,  304 

V.  Mitchell,  310 

V.  N.  Y.,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.,  1206 

V.  Sadtler  L.  &  Z.  Co.,  573o,  578 

V.  Turner,  973 
Knights  of  Pythias  v.  Allen,  301 
Knights  Templars  &  M.  L.  I.  Co.  v. 

Crayton,  302 
Knisely  v.  Hire,  933 
Knobell  v.  Fuller,  452 
Knoth  V.  Barclay,  1154a 
Knott  V.  Botany  Mills,  596o 

V.  Burwell,  453 

V.  Gough,  233 
Knouff  V.  Logansport,  119 


are  to  sections] 

Knowlden  v.  Guardian  Printing,  ete^ 

Co.,  448a 
Knowles  v.  Baldwin,  302 

V.  Kennedy,  977 

V.  Leggert,  999 

V.  N.  S.  R.  R.,  360,  365,  372 

V.  Nunns,  125,  769 

V.  Pierce,  542 

V.  Sandercock,  301a 

V.  Steele,  107a,  984 
Knowlton  v.  Mackay,  417 

V.  Oliver,  752,  753 
Knox  V.  Great  Western  Q.  M.  Co.,  1231 

V.  Hook,  962 

V.  Jones,  298,  308 

V.  Keams,  692c 

V.  Lee,  269 
Knoxville,  C.  G.  &  L.  R.  R.  v.  Wyrick, 

573o 
Knoxville  Traction  Co.  v.  Lane,  380 
Knudtson  v.  Robinson,  1256e 
Koch  V.  Godshaw,  185,  734 

V.  PhiUips  Inv.  Co.,  938 

V.  Streuter,  426 

V.  Williams,  6736 
Kocher  v.  Mayberry,  6.11 
Kock  V.  Sackman-^Phillips  Inv.  Co.,  64, 

932 
Koeltz  V.  Bleqkman,  743 
Koenigkraemer  v.  Missouri  Glass  Co., 

667 
Koenigs  v.  Jung,  373,  1334 
Koerber  v.  Patek,  43ft,  43i,  47 
Koemer  v.  Oberly,  386,  1254,  1256 
Koestel  v.  Cunningham,  377a 
Koestenbader  v.  Peirce,  65,  970,  975 
Koester  v.  Cowan,  373 
Kohai  V.  MacDonald,  498 
Kohler  v.  Smith,  325 
Kohlsaat  v.  Crate,  685 
Kohn  V.  Dravis,  497e 
Kohne  v.  Insurance  Co.  of  Nor^  Amer- 
ica, 259 

V.  White,  991,  992 
Kokomo  V.  Mahan,  1112a 
Kolb  V.  Bankhead,  368 

V.  O'Brien,  368 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  157 
Kolka  1).  Jones,  459 
Kolon,  The,  587 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2925 


[References 

Kolsch  V.  Jewell,  637,  639 
Koon  V.  Greenmam,  655,  6556 

V.  Munro,  311b 
Koona  v.  Miller,  298 
Kopecky  v.  Benish,  942 
Kopp  V.  Northern  P.  R.  R.,  932,  939 
Kopplin  V.  Quade,  435 
Korf  V.  Lull,  645,  984,  1044,  1067 
Kom  V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  1201 
Komegay  v.  White,  316,  772 
Kortwright  V.  Commercial  Bank,  627o 
Koptz  ».  Carpenter,  956 
Korzib  v.  NetherlandB-American  S.  N, 

Co.,  1359 
Koshkonong  v.  Burton,  346 
Kostendader  v.  Pierce,  970,  975 
Kostopolos  V.  Pezzetti,  183 
Kotz  V.  IlUnois  Cent.  R.  R.,  1109 
Kountz  V.  Brown,  368,  373a 

V.  Gates,  828,  829 

V.  Kirkpatrick,-  249,  745 

V.  Toledo,  S.  L.  &  W.  R.  R.,  1306 
Kountze  v.  Omaha  Hotel  Co.,  688a 
Koyer  v.  White,  565 
Kraber  to.  Union  Ins.  Co.,  818a 
Kracb  v.  Heilman,  1255 
Kraft  V.  Fancher,  793 
Krai  V.  Burlington,  C.  R.  &  N.  Ry.,  860 
Kjramer  v.  Cleveland  &  Pittsburgh  R. 
R.,  1148 

V.  Goodlander,  93Da 

V.  Messner,  165 

to.  Wolf  Cigar  Stores  Co.,  667 
Krapi)  to.  Adierholt,  310a 
Krasilnikoff  to.  Dundon,  762 
Krause  to.  Busacker,  1027 

to.  Rutherford,  686a 
Kreamer  ».  Irwin,  610,  614 
Krebs  v.  Security  T.  &  L.  I.  Co.,  730 

to.  Bambrick  Bros.  Const.  Co.,  948 
Krebs  Hop  Co.  to.  Livesley,  114  Pac. 
944;  753,  757 

to.  Livesley,  118  Pac.  165;  753 
Krebs  Mfg.  Co.  ».  Brown,  155 
Kreibohm  to.  Yancey,  533 
Kreiter  to.  Nichols,  1254 
Kremer  to.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1151, 

1154 
Krepp  to.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1007, 
1012 


are  to  sections] 

Krepper  v.  Glenn,  681o 
Kress  to.  Lawrence,  380,  1345 
Kribs  to.  Jones,  734 
Krider  to.  Lafferty,  933 
Kriger  to.  Leppel,  6736 
Krisinger  ».  Creston,  1363 
Kroeger  to.  Passmore,  1336 

to.  Pitcairn,  836 
Kroener  to.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P,  Ry., 

1356 
Krohn  to.  Oechs,  844,  845 
Krom  to.  Levy,  190 
Krone  to.  Block,  1263 
Kroner  to.  Transit  Co.,  486 
Kronold  to.  New  York,  181,  482a 
Kronschnable  to.  Knoblauch,  1296 
Krueger  v.  Le  Blanc,  214c 
Krug  to.  Pitass,  382 

to.  Ward,  241,  459 
Krumm  to.  Beach,  777,  1027 
Krumwiede  to.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  11986 
Krutz  to.  Robbins,  411 
Kucera  to.  Merrill  Lumber  Co.,  4866 
Kucheman  to.  C.  C.  &  D.  R.  R.,  1152a 
Kuck  to.  Johnson,  1328 
Kujek  to.  Goldman,  367,  439; 
Kuhn  to.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  R.  R., 
361 

to.  McKay,  313,  736 

to.  Myers,  411 
Kuhnis  to.  Lewis  R.  B.  &  L.  Co.,  219 
Kunkle  to.  Wherry,  416 
Kunkel  to,  Utah  Lumber  Co.,  73 
Kuntz  to.  Shnugg,  1023 
Kupke  to.  St.  Louis  Tr.  Co.,  1360 
Kurpgeweit  to.  Kirby,  43j,  1345 
Kurrus  to.  Seibert,  101 
Kurtz  to.  Frank,  53,  637a,  641c 

to.  Sponable,  420 
Kuter  to.  Michigan  Cent.  R.  R.,  844 
Kutner  v.  Fargo,  379,  387 
Kyd  to.  Cook,  182 
Kyle  to.  Bamett,  311c 

to.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  45a 

to.  Fauntleroy,  982 

to.  Hoyle,  1006 

to.  Laurens  R.  R.,  844 

to.  Mays,  334 

to.  Ohio  R.  R.  R.,  937 

to.  Roberts,  307 


2926 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


L.  Bucki  &  Son  L.  Co.  v.  Fidelity  &  D. 

Ck).,  682,  682a, 
L.  Campbell  &  Co.  v.  Mion,  615 
L.   N.   Lanier  &  Co.  v.  Little  Rock 

Cooperage  Co.,  734 
La  Amistad  de  Rues,  175 
Labasse  v.  Piat,  42 
La  Bourgogne,  570,  590 
Labowitz  v.  Frankfort,  655c 
Lacas  v.  Detroit  City  Ry.,  486 
Lacey  v.  Marnan,  966 

V.  Straughan,  762 
La  Champagne,  43  Fed.  444;  587 
La  Champagne,  53  Fed.  398;  589,  594 
LaChappelle  v.  Warehouse  &  B.  S.  Co., 

495 
Lack  V.  Brecht,  317 
Lackey  v.  Miller,  679a 
Lackin  v.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co.,  318 
La  Conner  Co.  v.  Widmer,  854 
Lacour  v.  New  York,  182 
Lacy  V.  Gentry,  361 

V.  Getman,  672 
Lacy  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Los  Angdes  G.  &  E. 

Co.,  656 
Ladd  V.  Arkell,  274,  275 

V.  Brewer,  537,  538 

!).  Hawkes,  998 

V.  Lord,  766 

V.  Ney,  251a 

V.  Redle,  930 
Ladner  v.  Balsley,  993 
La  Doucre  v.  Nichel,  1347 
La  Du-King  Manuf .  Co.  v.  La  Du,  651, 

655c,  673/ 
Ladue  v.  Seymoiir,  665/ 
Lae  V.  Ruhl,  999a 
La  Farge  v.  Halsey,  1031 

V.  Mansfield,  1057 
Lafayette  v.  James,  692a 

V.  Nagle,  95,  1112a,  1295 

V.  Wortman,  1112a 
Lafayette  B.  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Winslow, 

1166 
Lafayette,  M.  &  B.  R.  R.  v.  Murdock, 

1166 
Lafean  v.  York  County,  1142 
Lafferty  v.  Hannibal  &  S,  J.  R.  R.,  43e 


Lafferty  v.  Milligan,  968 

V.  Schuylkill  R.  E.  S.  R.  R.,  1154o, 
1159 

V.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  1357 
Lafler  v.  Fisher,  377a 
Laflin  v.  Chicago,  W.  &  N.  R.  R.,  1151 

V.  Willard,  103,  547 
La  France  v.  Krayer,  1251 
Lahay  v.  City  Nat.  Bank  of  Denver, 

439^ 
Lahey  v.  Crist,  1366 
Lahr  v.  Metropolitan  El.  Ry.,  95,  1184, 

1187,  1188,  1190,  1192 
Laidlaw  v.  Sage,  119 
Laidley  v.  Merrifield,  334 
Laines  v.  Philips,  686 
Laing  v.  Hanson,  648a 

V.  Stone,  287 
Laird  v.  Laird,  611 

V.  Pim,  1023 

V.  Townsend,  740 
Lake  v.  Campbell,  670 

V.  Park,  311b 

V.  Merrill,  1258 
Lake  County  v-  Linn,  346 
Lake  E.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Fix,  47,  865 

t>.  Griffin,  67a 

V.  Mugg,  574a,  580a 

*.  Power,  205 

V.  Shelley,  1148 

V.  Tiemey,  666 
Lake  Roland  E.  Ry.  v.  Frick,  1148 

V.  Webster,  1117 
Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.  v.  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  R.  R.,  1138 

V.  Chicago,J121,  1165 

V.  Chicago  &  W.  I.  R.  R.,  1152a 

V.  Cincinnati,  S.  &  C.  R.  R.,  1163 

V.  Frantz,  41,  180,  226/ 

V.  Hottman,  1367 

V.  People,  332 

V.  Prentice,  380 

V.  Richards,  126  III.  448;  612 

V.  Richards,  152  III.  59;  89,  636d 
Lake  S.  R.  R.  v.  Rosenzweig,  360,  380 
Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.  v.  Warren, 

873 
Lake  St.  El.  R.  R.  v.  Gormley,  47 

V.  Johnson,  1347 

V.  Sandy,  1360 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2927 


Lake  Superior  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Greve, 

1155,  need 

Lakeman  v.  Grinnell,  317,  845 

V.  Pollard,  672 
Lakeside  Paper  Co.  v.  State,  189,  338 
Lakin  v.  State,  692i 
Lallande  v.  Trezevant,  684,  685A 
Lally  V.  Cantwell,  470o,  666 

V.   Crookston   Lumber   Co.,   664, 
673& 

V.  Wise,  685 
Lalor  V.  Burrows,  742 
Lamar  Ins.  Co.  v.  McGlashen,  717 
Lamb  v.  Brolaski,  674 

V.  Buker,  149,  980a 

V.  Cecil,  343 

V.  Dart,  692/ 

V.  Day,  61 

V.  Elizabeth  City,  1148 

V.  Harbaugh,  383 

V.  Shaw,  685fc,  685i 

V.  Stone,  11  Pick.  527;  29,  32 

V.  Stone,  95  Wis.  254;  372 

V.  Walker,  93o,  925 

V.  West,  447 
Lambert  v.  Alcorn,  685fc 

V.  Estes,  959,  964 

V.  Haskell,  182,  685,  685e 

V.  Jenkins,  644 

V.  King,  667 

V.  Pharis,  451 

V.  Schmalz,  325 
Lambert-Murray  Co.  v.  Southern  Ex- 
press Co.,  169(1 
Lambeth  Rope  Co.  v.  Brigham,  308 
Lamerlec  v.  Barthelmy,  962,  983 
Lamerson  v.  Marvin,  1052,  1053 
Lamington,  The,  5996 
Lamkin  v.  Crawford,  755 
Lamm  v.  Chicago,  St.  P.  M.  &  O.  Ry., 

85c,  95 
Lammiman  v.  Detroit  C.  S.  Ry.,  226/ 
Lamond  v.  Sea  Coast  Canning  Co.,  200 
Lamoreaux  v.  Rolfe,  90,.  618,  Q36g 
Lamos  v.  Snell,  451 
Lamott  V.  Sterett,  339a 
La  Motte  v.  Angel,  844 
Lampert  v.  Judge  &  D.  D.  Co.,  373a, 

1246c 
Lampley  v,  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  937 


Lampman  v.  Cochran,  413,  415 
Lampon  v.  Corke,  964 
Lamprey  v.  Mason,  330,  606c 
Lamson  &  G.Mfg.  Co.  v.  Russell,  1046 
Lanagan  v.  Enos  Fire  Escape  Co.,  1351 
Lanahan  v.  Heaver,  610 

V.  Ward,  330,  345 
Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Ry.  v.  Evans, 
1082 

V.  Gidlow,  182,  843 
Lancaster  v.  Elliott,  302 
Lancaster  Mills  v.  Merchants'  Cotton- 
Press  Co.,  812 
Lance  v.  Butler,  505 

V.  C.  &  M.  R.  R.,  1166 
Lancon  v.  Morgan's  L.  &  T.  R.  R.  & 

S.  S.  Co.,  1349 
Lancoure  v.  Dupre,  1017 
Land,  etc.,  Co.  v.  Robertson,  695c 
Landa  v.  Obert,  233,  234 
Lande  v.  A.  G.  Hyde  &  Sons,  734,  741 
Lander  v.  Proper,  565 

V.  Ware,  375 
Landes  v.  Eichelberger,  565a 
Landis  v.  Shanklin,  452 

V.  Wolf,  685e,  685fc 
Landreth  v.  Wycoff,  191,  768 
Landro  v.  Great  N.  Ry.,  1347 
Landry  v.  Lake  Charles,  1139 
Landsberger  v.   The   Magnetic   Tele- 
graph Co.,  879,  887 
Lane  v.  Boston,  1112a 

V.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  1367 

V.  Calby,  651 

V.  Fury,  982,  983 

V.  Hitchcock,  73 

V.  Holman,  464 

V.  Lantz,  762 

V.  Montreal  T.  Co.,  879 

V.  Richardson,  973 

V.  Ruhl,  919 

V.  Turner,  308 
Lane  County  v.  Oregon,  270 
Lang  V.  Fritz,  565c,  565a 

V.  Hill,  1360 

V.  Moole,  3016 

V.  New  York,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R., 
486c 
Langan  v.  jEtna  Ins.  Co.,  723 

V.  Potter,  182 


2928 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Langdon  v.  Castleton,  310,  344 

V.  Clarke,  1368 

t).  Gray,  6851 

0.  New  York,  1161 
Lange  v.  Werk,  416,  418 

V.  Wagner,  134,  685/ 
Langfeldt  v.  McGrath,  944 
Langford  ».  Owsley,  91,  93 

V.  Tyler's  Adm'r.,  750 

V.  United  States,  642 
Langhorst  v.  Ahlers,  301c 
Langhren  v.  Barnard,  6336 
Langley  v.  Augusta,  924,  932,  1110 
Langston  v.  S.  C.  Ry.,  325,  346 

V.  Hagerty,  384tt 
Langworthy  v.  Green,  484 

V.  McKelvey,  685A 
Lanier  v.  Trigg,  &79a 
Lanigan  v.  Kille,  985,  988o 

V.  Neely,  1339 
Lanius  v.  Druggist  Pub.  Co.,  368 
Lanning  v.  Peters  Shoe  Co.,  308a 
La  Normandie,  595 
Lanphier  v.  F.  Johnson  &  Son  Co.,  1371 
Lanquist  v.  Chicago,  1179 
Lansgenberg  v.  Heer  Dry  Goods  Co., 

976 
Lansing  v.  Rattoone,  307 
Lansing  ».  Smith,  8  Cowen,  146;  35, 
1108 

V.  Smith,  4  Wend.  9;  35,  946 

V.  Wiswall,  35,  946 
Lanston  M.  M.  Co.  ».  Merganthaler 

Linotype  Co.,  1261 
Lantiy  v.  Parks,  673/ 
Lantz  V.  Frey,  1258 
Lanusse  v.  Barker,  275 
Lapham  v.  Osborne,  6736 
Lapleine  v.  Morgan's  L.  &  T.  R.  &  S.  S. 

Co.,  1216,  1360 
LaPorte  v.  Wallace,  637o 
Laporte  Improvement  Co.  v.  Brock, 

166,  734 
Lapp  V.  Illinois  Watch  Co.,  740 
Larabee  v.  Cook,  689 
Laraway  v.  Perkins,  621,  1020,  1266 
Larios  v.  Bonany  y  Gurety,  126c,  127o, 

707,  819 
Larkin  v.  Buck,  659 

V.  Glen  Falls  Ins.  Co.,  723o 


Larkin  v.  Hecksher,  666 

V.  New  York  &  N.  R.  R.,  1356 

V.  Scranton,  1163 

V.  Trammel,  964 
Larkins  v.  Tarter,  44Sd 
Larmon  v.  District,  41,  47,  180,  226/ 
Lamed  v.  Allen,  692d 

V.  BuiGnton,  451 

V.  Hudson,  905 
La  Roche  ».  O'Hagan,  762    • 
Larrabee  v.  Lumbert,  91 

V.  Minnesota  Tribune  Co.,  4A8d 

V.  Southard,  302o 
Larrimore  v.  Comanche  County,  644 
Larsen  v.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  888 

V.  Sedro-WooUey,  1355 
Larson  v.  Chase,  43t 

V.  Grand  Forks,  3806 

V.  Haglin,  1357 
Lartigue  v.  Peet,  667 
Larwell  v.  Stevens,  908 
Larzelere  v.  Kirchgessner,  1249,  1254 
Lasala  v.  Holbrook,  93a 
Lash  V.  Lambert,  340c 
Lassas  v.  McCarty,  695 
Lassiter  v.  Okeetee  Club,  910 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Latchtimacker  v.  Jacksonville  T.  &  W. 

Co.,  1367 
Late  V.  Armorer,  983 
Latham  v.  Brown,  256 

V.  Darling,  330 

V.  Westervelt,  554a 

V.  Wilcox,  31  Id 
Lathers  v.  Wyman,  496 
Lathrop  v.  Atwood,  789 

V.  Michaelson,  917 

V.  O'Brien,  1023 
Lathrope  v.  Flood,  1343 
Latimer  o.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1303 

V.  Motler,  79 

V.  New  York  Cotton  Mills,  667 
Laton  V.  King,  657 
Latrobe  v.  Winans,  1023,  1025 
Lattimore  v.  Hardsocg  Mfg.  Co.,  1232d 

jj.  Union  E.  L.  &  P.  Co.,  1355 
Lattin  v.  Davis,  313o,  771 

V.  Vail,  973 
Laubach  v.  Laubach,  514,  754 
Laubengayer  v.  Rohde,  1012a 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[Referencea  are  to  sections] 


2929 


Lauder  v.  Jones,  446,  1335 
Lauer  v.  Banning,  638,  639 
Laufer  v.  Boynton  Furnace  Co.,  182, 

182o,  766 
Laugher  v.  Pointer,  810 
Laughlin  v.  Barnes,  506o 
Laundry  Co.  v.  Debow,  418 
Laura  Jane  v.  Hagen,  340 
Laurea  v.  Bemauer,  417 
Laurel,  City  of,  v.  Rowell,  1123 
Laurent  v.  Chatham  Ins.  Co.,  720,  725 

V.  Vaughn,  620,  844,  854 
Lavender  v.  Hudgens,  457,  468,  459 
Lavens  v.  Lieb,  193 
Laverty  v.  Snethen,  811 
Lavery  v.  Crooke,  376,  385,  475 
Law  V.  East  India  Co.,  286 

i;.  House,  410 

V.  London  I.  L.  P.  Co.,  729 
Lawler  v.  Bangs,  636»i 

V.  Murphy,  732 
Lawless  v.  CoUier,  979,  981 
Lawrance  v.  Robertson,  959 
Lawrence  v.  Bimey,  575 

V.  Chase,  1012 

V.  Church,  302 

V.  Cooke,  638,  638a,  639o,  6586 

t).  Cowles,  331,  420 

V.  Embree,  301c 

V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1082 

V.  GuUifer,  674 

V.  Hagerman,  182,  241,  373o,  459 

V.  Housatonic  R.  R.,  41,  47 

V.  Jenkins,  125a 

V.  Kemp,  98 

V.  Leake  Orphan  House,  325 

«;.  Maxwell,  509 

V.  Miller,  414,  1012a 

V.  New  York  Ins.  Co.,  714 

V.  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R,,  851 

V.  Philadelphia,  1154 

V.  Porter,  741 

V.  Rector,  908 

V.  Rice,  103 

V.  Second  Municipality,  1151 

V.  U.  S.,  677 

V.  Van  Home,  712 

V.  Wardwell,  167,  607o,  984a 
Lawrence  Canning  Co.  v.  Lee  Mercan- 
tile Co.,  755 

184 


Lawrence  R.  R.  v.  Cobb,  319,  331a 

V.  Mahoning  County,  217 
Lawrence  Tanning  Co.  v.  Lee  Mercan- 
tile Co.,  753 
Lawshe  v.  Tacoma  R.  &  P.  Co.,  865 
Lawson  v.  Chicago,  St.  P.,  M.  &  O.  Ry., 
866,  172a 

V.  Douglas,  999i 

V.  Hogan,  659 

V.  Price,  182,  203,  214 
Lawther  v.  Hamilton,  1230 
Lawton  v.  Erwin,  692 

V.  Fitchburg  R.  R.,  226o 

V.  Green,  685 

V.  Herrick,  182,  182a,  224,  947 

V.  Sweeney,  1300 
Lawyer  v.  Fritcher,  376 
Lay  V.  Bayles,  506a 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  45a,  894a 
Layman  v.  F.  F.  Slocomb  &  Co.,  493 
Layton  v.  Hogue,  3016 

V.  Pearce,  423 
Lazarus  v.  Com.  Ins.  Co.,  712a 

V.  Ely,  55,  60 

V.  Metropolitan  El.  R.  R.,  1203 
Lazelle  v.  Newfane,  573a,  577 
Lea  V.  Whitaker,  414 
Leach  v.  Forney,  1016 

V.  Leach,  43i,  484 

V.  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R.,  170a, 
843 

V.  Pirani,  686 

V.  Smith,  278,  734 

V.  Thomas,  1277 

V.  Vining,  306 
Leaders  v.  Gray,  334 
Leahy  v.  Davis,  1372 
Leake  Orphan  House  v.  Lawrence,  316 
Learned  v.  Castle,  36a 
Learock  v.  Paxson,  614 
Leary  v.  Laflin,  408,  416 
Leatherberry  v.  Odell,  207,  667 
Leathers  v.  Sweeney,  66,  620,  764 
Leavell  v.  Coleman,  762,  772 
Leavenworth  v.  Delafield,  717 

V.  Packer,  734 
Leavenworth  N.  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Curtan, 
1117 

V.  Herley,  1110 
Leavitt  v.  Cutler,  639,  640a,  1266 


2930 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Leavitt  o.  Dow,  1369 

V.  Fiberloid  Co.,  765 

V.  Fletcher,  992 

V.  Lamprey,  921 
Leber  v.  Minneapolis  &  N.  Ry.,  1159 
LeBlanc  v.  Sweet,  570 
LeBlanche  v.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry., 

226fc,  862 
Leblond  v.  McNear,  858 
LeBranthwait  v.  Halsey,  341 
Leche  v.  Claverie,  667 
LeCheminant  t).  Pearson,  712 
LeClaire  v.  Tacoma  R.  &  P.  Co.,  1342 
Lecroy  v.  Wiggins,  613 
Ledbetter  v.  Morris,  98 
Ledger  v.  Ewer,  1050 
Ledgerwood  v.  Bushnell,  166 
Lediard  v.  Boucher,  1074 
Ledoux  V.  Goza,  310 

V.  Jones,  999/ 
Ledyard  v.  Bull,  310a 

V.  Jones,  556,  559 
Lee  V.  The  Alexander,  599c 

V.  Bowman,  910 

V.  Briggs,  614,  636d 

V.  Burk,  927 

V.  Burlington,  43h 

V.  Burrell,  789 

V.  Clark,  797 

V.  Clements,  674,  1066 

V.  Dean,  975 

V.  Goodrich,  343 

V.  Gratz,  961 

V.  Grinnell,  717 

V.  Humphries,  909o 

V.  Kendall,  85c 

II.  Lashbrooke,  310a 

V.  Lord,  934o 

V.  Maxwell,  684a 

V.  Minneapolis,  1108 

V.  Mo.  Pac.  Ry.,  571a 

V.  Moore,  684 

V.  Mutual  Life  Ass'n,  636d 

V.  Overstreet,  426a 

V,  Paterson,  636/ 

V.  Pillsbury,  1215 

V.  Pindle,  308a 

V.  Powell   Bros.  &   Sanders  Co., 
1356 

V.  Publishers,  Knapp  &  Co.,  1367 


Lee  V.  Reed,  3146 

V.  Riley,  125a 

V.  Russell,  1012 

t).  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1350 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  R.  R.,  856a 

V.  Sickles  Saddlery  Co.,  753 

V.  Springfield  Water  Co.,  1171 

V.  Tartlin,  1027 

V.  Tebo  &  N.  R.  R.,  1140 

V.  West,  470 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  130  Ky.  202; 
8946 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  51  Mo.  App. 
375;  881 

V.  Wilcocks,  275 
Lee,  The,  595 
Lee  Ahlo  v.  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Lee  Tung  v.  Burkhart,  492a,  493 
Leech  v.  Baldwin,  1068 
Leeds  v.  Camden  &  A.  R.  R.,  1161 

V.  Cheetham,  999c 

V.  Cook,  641o 

V.  Little,  657 

V.  Metropolitan  G.  L.  Co.,  171 
Leek  v.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  865 
Leestzky  v.  Canning,  988o 
Leet  V.  Gratz,  137  Mo.  App.  208;  983 

V.  Gratz,  92  Mo.  App.  422;  979 
Leffingwell  v.  EUiott,  86a,  236, 238,  506, 

973,  979,  980a,  982,  983 
Leffler  v.  Witten,  614 
Leftovits  V.  First  Nat.  Bank,  622 
Lefurgy  v.  McGregor,  419 
Legal  Tender  Cases,  269 
Legar6  *.  Frazer,  238 
Legett  V.  Steele,  922 
Legg  V.  Britton,  571c 
Leggat  V.  Gerrick,  312 
Legge  V.  Harlock,  419 
Legett  V.  Baker,  60 

V.  Cooper,  1038 

V.  Humphreys,  677 

V.  McCarty,  973 

V.  McClelland,  808a 

V.  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.,  1011 

V.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  1206 
Leggott  V.  Great  N.  Ry.,  571c 
Leghorn  v.  Nydell,  224 
Liegrange  v.  Hamilton,  341 
Le  Guen  v.  Gouverneur,  813 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2931 


Lehigh  Bridge  Co.  v.  Lehigh  C.  &  N. 

Co.,  1108 
Lehigh  Iron  Co.  v.  Rupp,  575 
Lehigh  V.  C.  Co.  v..  Wilkesbarre  &  E. 
R.  R.,  503,  1166c 

V.  Lazarus,  1166 
Lehigh  Valley  R.  R.,  In  re,  1154 
Lehmaier  v.  Jones,  999/ 

V.  Standard  S.  &  T.  Co.,  752 
Lehman  v.  Amsterdam  Coffee  Co.,  182a 

V.  Brooklyn,  1367 

V.  Lomsiana  R.  W.  Co.,  1367 

V.  McQuown,  182a,  685 

V.  Minneapolis  &  S.  L.  R.  R.,  1348 
Lehmann  v.  Schmidt,  250 
Lehmeyer  v.  Moses,  999j 
Lehneis   v.   Egg   Harbor   Commercial 

Bank,  623 
Lehning  v.  Hewett,  451 
Leiber  v.  Chicago  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  933 

V.  Liverpool  Ins.  Co.,  723a 
Leiby  v.  Clear  S.  W.  Co.,  1295 
Leicester,  Earl  of,  v.  Walter,  451 
Leick  D.  Tritz,  189,  991 
Leifer  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Gross,  766 
Leigh  V.  Garysburg  Mfg.  Co.,  63,  932 

V.  Patterson,  3361,  636a,  758 
Leigper  v.  Denver,  1123 
Leighton  v.  Brown,  676,  689a,  690 

V.  Wales,  418 
Leisman  v.  Otto,  308 
Leiter  v.  Day,  363,  930 

V.  Kinnare,  1367 

V.  Pike,  999d 
Leitzell  ».  Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R.  R., 

1307 
Lekas  v.  Schwartz,  753 
Leland  v.  Stone,  606,  606c,  964,  975 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  8Md 
Lemeunier  v.  McClearley,  685fc 
Lemly  v.  Ellis,  975 
Lemmon  v.  Brown,  1016 
Lemon  v.  Pullman  P.  C.  Co.,  873a 

V.  Stevenson,  1031 
Lemoine  v.  Sullivan,  1347,  1359 
Lenhart  v.  State,  1146 
Lenkewicz  v.  Wilmington  City  Ry., 

574a 
Lenox  v.  United  Ins.  Co.,  717 
Lentell  v.  Boston  &  W.  St.  Ry.,  1152o 


Lentz  V.  Carnegie,  932 

V.  Choteau,  192,  610 
Leo  Austrian  &  Co.  v.  Springer,  636o, 

636j,  734,  737,  741 
Leonard  v.  Allen,  451 

V.  Beaudry,  613,  614 

V.  Capital  Ins.  Co.,  685fc 

V.  Dyer,  615 

V.  Fowler,  762 

V.  Leonard,  921 

V.  Maginnis,  540 

V.  New  York,  A.  &  B.  E.  M.  T.  Co., 
221,  225,  227, 228,  874,  875,  882, 
884 

V.  Pope,  446 

V.  Portier,  755 

V.  Rutland,  1161 

V.  Union  Ry.,  1348 

V.  Villars,  345 

V.  Whitney,  691a 

V.  Whitwell,  689 

V.  Wildes,  339a 
Leonciniw.  Post,  251 
Leopold  V.  Chicago,  1128 

V.  Salkey,  636n 
Lepin  v.  Paine,  310 
Lepla  V.  Rogers,  148,  999A; 
Leppard  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  881a 
Leque  v.  Madison  G.  &  E.  Co.,  1367 
Lerner  v.  Cohen,  1369 
Le  Roy  v.  Jacobsky,  1012 
Leroy  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Hawk,  1165 

V.  Ross,  1148 
Lesch  V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  43i 
Lesk  V.  Pollard,  363a,  364,  365,  366,  367 
LesUe  v.  Smith,  673& 
Less  V.  Butte,  1123 
Lessenich  v.  Sellers,  307 
Lesser  v.  Norman,  535 
Lester  V.  Highland  B.  G.  Min.  Co.,  316, 

937 
Lestern  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Lesure  Lumber  Co.  v.  Mutual  F.  I.  Co., 

726 
Letcher  v.  Woodson,  295,  3016 
Lethbridge  v.  Mytton,  87,  789,  972 
Letton  V.  Young,  1326 
Levan  v.  Wilten,  78 
Leven  v.  Young,  444 
Levenson  v.  BoUowa,  614 


2932 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Leverenz  v.  Stevens,  377o 

Leverick  v.  Meigs,  819 

Levert  v.  Daily  States  Pub.  Co.,  98, 

448o,  454 
Levey  v.  Dyess,  999j 
Levin  v.  Nassau  Electric  R.  R.,  1353 
Levine  v.  Brooklyn,  A.  C.  &  S.  R.  R., 
101 

V.  Rosenschein,  208 
Levinski  v.  Middlesex  Banking  Co.,  179 
Levinson  v.  Sands,  294 
Levis  V.  Royal  Packing  Co.,  753 
Levistones  ».  Marigny,  302o 
Levitsky  v.  Canning,  238,  983 
Levitt  V.  Nassau  El.  Co.,  1347 
Levy  V.  Bend,  1058 

V.  Fleischner,  361,  370,  683 

V.  Freiman,  414 

V.  GoldsoU,  423 

V.  'Loeb,  80 

V.  Taylor,  680,  685A 
Lewark  v.  Parkison,  67 
Lewers  v.  Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  1256b 
Lewin  v.  Folsom,  343 
Lewis  V.  Arnold,  293 

V.  Atlanta,  486 

V.  Atlas  Mutual  Life  Ins.  Co.,  834e 

V.  Black,  1328 

V.  Bradford,  303 

V.  Burlington  Ins.  Co.,  722 

V.  Chapman,  445 

V.  Chisholm,  991 

V.  Cooke,  1259 

V.  Cosgrave,  1036 

V.  Courtwright,  933 

V.  Doyle,  762 

V.  Dwight,  678 

V.  Englewood  El.  R.  R.,  1295 

V.  Esther,  673/ 

V.  Flint  &  P.  M.  Ry.,  54  Mich.  55; 
118,  119 

V.  Flint  &  P.  M.  Ry.,  56  Mich.  638; 
109 

V.  Greider,  755 

V.  Harris,  979 

V.  Holmes,  45 

V.  Homestead,  1120 

V.  Hoover,  109 

V.  Leahey,  685/ 

V.  Lee,  153a,  696c,  1012 


Lewis  V.  Morse,  493,  494a 

V.  Morland,  547,  554o 

V.  New  York  S.  C.  Co.,  873a 

V.  North  Kingstown,  1256d,  1331 

V.  Paschal,  345 

f.  PauU,  1261 

V.  Payn,  999c 

V.  Peachy,  91 

V.  Peake,  238,  773 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1151 

V.  Ross,  961 

V.  Rountree,  297,  312 

V.  Rucker,  714 

V.  Seattle,  1143a 

V.  Small,  343 

V.  Springfield  F.  &  M.  I.  Co.,  723a 

V.  Springfield  Water  Co.,  1169 

V.  The  Success,  848,  852 

ti.  Teale,  531 

V.  Terry,  120 

V.  Trickey,  673c,  1303 

V.  Virginia-Carohna    Chem.    Co., 
933,  934 

V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  1354 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c 

V.  Witham,  1277 
Lewiston  &  Y.  Frontier  R.  R.  v.  Ayer, 

1146 
Lewter  v.  Lindley,  1331 
Lexington  v.  Long,  1130 

V.  Union  Nat.  Bank,  346 
Lexington  &  E.  Ry.  v.  Lyons,  865 
Lexington  Ry.  v.  Britton,  1257,  1270 

V.  Cozine,  380 

V.  Fain,  387 

V.  Johnson,  368,  1353 

V.  Woodward,  1347 
Ley  V.  Miller,  789 
Leyde  v.  Martin,  310 
Leyser  v.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  372 
Liber  v.  Parsons,  959 
Libhart  v.  Wood,  674 
Lick  V.  Owen,  448a 

Licking  Valley  Building  Assoc,  v.  Com- 
monwealth, 332 
Liddard  v.  Lopes,  841 
Liddell  ».  McVicker,  3116 

V.  Rucker,  301& 
Lieberman  v.  Chicago  &  S.  S.  R.  T., 

iieoo 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2933 


Liebrandt  v.  Sorg,  6386 

Lienkauf  v.  Morris,  368,  378 

Lienow  v.  Ritchie,  74,  931 

Lier  v.  St.  Louis,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1151 

Liese  v.  Meyer,  638o,  639,  639a 

Life  Association  of  America  v.  Ferrill, 

834c 
Ligare  v.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1171a 

V.  Peacoclc,  310o 
Liggett  S.  &  A.  Co.  v.  Michigan  Buggy- 
Co.,  1059 
Light  V.  Detroit  &  M.  Ry.,  222 
Light  Co.  V.  Compton,  363a 

V.  Munsey,  576 
Lightner  v.  Menzel,  416 
Ligon  V.  Minton,  777 
Likes  V.  Baer,  762,  777,  1027 
Liles  V.  Rogers,  681a 
Liljengren  Furniture  &,L.  Co.  v.  Mead, 

646a 
Lillard  v.  Distilleries,  etc.,  164 

V.  Whattaker,  519 
Lilley  v.  Doubleday,  121a 

V.  Mutual  Ben.  L.  Ins.  Co.,  341 
Lillie  V.  Dunbar,  80o,  531a 

V.  Lillie,  237,  251,  685& 
Lilly  V.  Person,  425 
Liman  v.  Pa.  R.  R.,  161 
Lime  Rock  R.  R.  v.  Famsworth,  1149 
Limpus  V.  The  State,  557 
Linch  V.  Paris  Limiber  &  Graia  Eleva- 
tor Co.,  657 
Linck  V.  Litchfield,  334 
Lincoln  v.  Blanchard,  802 

V.  Central  Vermont  Ry.,  485 

V.  Charles  Alshuler  Mfg.  Co.,  752 

V.  Claflin,  316,  322 

V.  Commonwealth,  1154 

V.  Chrisman,  446 

V.  Hope  Ins.  Co.,  711 

V.  Levi  Cotton  Mill  Co.,  752 

V.  Little  Rock  Granite  Co.,  419 

V.  Orthwein,  614 

V.  Packard,  251,  1298 

V.  Saratoga  &  S.  R.  R.,  123,  172, 
233,  1292,  1293 

V.  Schwartz,  6556 

V.  Smith,  1306 
Lincoln  Shoe  Co.  v.  Sheldon,  751,  753 
Lind  V.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1161 


Lindblom  v.  Sonstelie,  387 
Lindeberg  v.  Howard,  685y 
Lindemann  v.  Dennis,  655 
Linder  v.  Lake,  106,  676,  722a,  972 
Lindh  v.  Great  N.  Ry.,  43ft,  45 
Lindley  v.  Dempsey,  612o,  1261 

V.  Miller,  1057 

V.  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.,  136,  156, 
854 
Lindquist  v.  Union  Pac.  Ry.,  924,  924o 
Lindsay  v.  Anesley,  411 

V.  Bridgewater  Gas  Co.,  67a 

V.  Grande  R.  L.  Co.,  1332 

V.  Latham,  933 

V.  Oregon  Short  Line  R.  R.,  47 
Lindsey  v.  Danville,  486a 

V.  Hewitt,  690 

V.  Parker,  803 

V.  Rockwall  County,  416a 
Lindstrom  v.  International  Nav.  Co., 

1367 
Linerode  v.  Rassmussen,  1027 
Lines  v.  Alaska  Commercial  Co.,  496 

V.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.,  575 

V.  Smith,  774 

V.  State,  692i 
Linforth  v.  San  Francisco  G.  &  E.  Co., 

932 
Linge  v.  Alaska  Treadwell  Co.,  1326 
Lingo  V.  Burford,  1140 
Linn  v.  Duquesne,  484 

V.  Minor,  270 
Linney  v.  Maton,  443 
Linsley  v.  Bushnell,  234,  352,  360,  368 
Linss  V.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.,  5716 
Linthicum  v.  Truitt,  4866 
Linton  Coal  &  M.  Co.  v.  Persons,  482, 

485o 
Linton  v.  Hart,  999d 

V.  National  L.  Ins.  Co.,  331 

V.  Porter,  774 
Linville  v.  Black,  79 
Lion  F.  I.  Co.  V.  Starr,  722 
Lipe  V.  Eisenlerd,  474 
Lippett  V.  Kelley,  910,  911 
Lipscomb  v.  Fuqua,  414 

V.  Houston  &  T.  C.  Ry.,  580a 

V.  Seegers,  416 

V.  South  Bound  R.  R.,  620 
Lipsky  V.  C.  Reiss  Coal  Co.,  1353 


2934 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


[References 

Liscom  V.  Boston  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  720 
Lissberger  v.  Kellogg,  162 
Lister  v.  Campbell,  1344 

V.  Wright,  449 
Litchenstein  v.  Brooks,  665,  666 
Littell  V.  Ellison,  312 
Little  V.  Anderson,  343 

V.  Banks,  301 

V.  Bliss,  689,  591a 

V.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  1215,  146, 
844,  892 

V.  Dawson,  671 

V.  Little,  793 

V.  McGuire,  214,  228 

V.  Portland,  c83& 

V.  Stanback,  101,  940 

V.  Tingle,  481 

V.  Western  IT.  T.  Co.,  894b 
Little  Maine  Railroad  v.  Collett,  1131, 

1148 
Little  Rook  &  F.  S.  R.  R.  v.  Allen,  1134, 
1149,  1154 

V.  Allister,  1129,  1134 
Little  Rock  &  F.  S.  Ry.  v.  Barker,  33 
Ark.  350;  573,  573a,  575 

V.  Barker,  39  Ark.  491;  574 

V.  Cravens,  851 

V.  McGehee,  1171a 

V.  Voss,  1367 
Little  Rock  Junction  Ry.  v.  Woodruff, 

252,  1172e 
Little  Rock,  M.  R.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Haynes, 

1293 
Little  Rock  R.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Goerner,  372 
Little  Rock  Traction  Co.  v.  Winn,  868 
Little  Schuylkill  R.   R.   v.   Richards, 

36a 
Little  Silver,  The,  1364,  1365 
Littlefield  v.  Perry,  323,   1230,   1234, 

1244 
Littlehale  v.  Dix,  488 

V.  Osgood,  990c 
Littlejohn  v.  Wilcox,  237,  682a 
Littleton  v.  Burgess,  685j 
Lively,  The,  596 
Livermore  v.  Jamaica,  1115 

V.  Northrup,  53 

V.  Rand,  308 

V.  Roanoke,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1175 

V,  Wortman,  311/ 


are  to  sections] 

Livermore  F.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Union  S.  &  C. 

Co.,  165 
Liverpool  Water  Works  v.  Atkinson, 

692d 
Livesley  v.  Johnson,  734 

V.  Krebs  Hop  Co.,  745 
Livie  V.  Janson,  714 
Livingston  v.  Adams,  1108 

V.  Burroughs,  3836,  466 

V.  Exum,  237,  685b 

V.  Jones,  1220,  1230 

V.  L'Engle,  9996 

V.  The  Mayor,  1128 

V.  Metropolitan  Street  Railroad, 
1190 

V.  Miller,  313a 

V.  Robb,  999y 

V.  Sulzer,  1157 

V.  Tanner,  905 

V.  Woodworth,  1220,  1234 
Livingston,  The,  591 
Livingston  Co.  v.  Graves,  647a 
Livingstone  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R. 
R.,  854 

V.  Rawyards  Coal  Co.,  501,  935 
Livingstone,  The,  590 
Llano  I.  &  F.  Co.  v.  Watkins,  334 
Llansamlet  T.  P.  Co.,  ex  parte,  6366, 

737 
Llewellyn  v.  Rutherford,  182,  188,  254 

V.  Two  Anchors,  599c 
Lloyd  V.  Fair  Haven,  1151 

V.  Goodwin,  83 

V.  Hamilton,  370 

V.  Haugh  &  K.  S.  &  T.  Co.,  251, 
844 

V.  Lloyd,  226b 

V.  Morris,  1278 

V.  O'Rear,  3406 

V.  Quinby,  959,  964,  965 

V.  Sandusky,  964,  975 
Lloyd  Lumber  Co.  v.  Solon,  734 
Llynvi  Co.  v.  Brogden,  501 
Loader  v.  Kemp,  994 
Loan  Assoc,  v.  Stonemetz,  673(i 
Lobdell  V.  Stowell,  609 
Lobenstein  v.  Hymson,  60 
Loch  Trool,  The,  592,  593 
Lochte  V.  Mitchell,  366 
Lock  V.  Ashton,  464 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2935 


Lock  V.  Furze,  987,  1009 

Lock  Haven  Bridge  Co.   v.   Clinton 

County,  1173 
Locke  V.  Garrett,  58 

V.  Homer,  789,  972 

V.  International  &  G.  N.  Ry.,  484 
Lockhart  v.  Geir,  940 
Locklin  v.  Moore,  340b 
Lockwood  V.  Atlantic  M.  I.  Co.,  712, 
713 

V,  Lockwood,  1338 

V.  Onion,  671,  1326,  1328 

V.  Saffold,  685A 

V.  Sturdevant,  966,  976,  978 

V.    Twenty-tlurd   St.    Ry.,    1333, 
1360 
Locomobile  Co.  v.  De  Witt,  313 
Locomotive  Safety  Truck  Co.  v.  Penn- 
sylvania R.  R.,  323 
Loder  v.  Kekule,  508,  762 

V.  Spooner,  275 
Lodge  Holes  Colliery  Co.  v.  Wedn€s- 

bury,  932 
Loe  V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  171a 
Loeb  V.  Flash,  515 

V.  Kamak,  162 

V.  Mann,  540 
Loeach  v.  Koehler,  433 
Loescher  v.  Deisterberg,  734,  740 
Loeser  v.  Humphrey,  228 
Loetscher  v.  Dillon,  5166 
Loewenthal  v.  Streng,  1326,  1331 
Loewer  v.  Harris,  156,  183 
Lofink  V.  Interborough  R.  R.,  43i 
Lofland  v.  MauU,  1025 
Loftees  v.  Maxey,  365 
Loftus  V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1348 
Logan  V.  Caffrey,  85 

V.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  R.  R.,  383o,  865 

V.  Hodges,  377 

V.  Moulder,  959,  966 

V.  Tibbott,  1070 

V.  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co., 
893 
Logan  Co.  Nat.  Bank  v.  Townsend,  513 
Logansport  v.  Justice,  180 

V.  Pollard,  1112fl 
Logansport  C.  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Buchanan, 
1151 

V.  Wray,  226o,  637,  938 


Logic  V.  Gillies,  829 

Lohner  v.  Caldwell,  641& 

Loiseau  v.  Threlstad,  975 

Loker  v.  Damon,  201,  209,  214c,  223 

Lomax  v.  Ragor,  685m 

Lombard  v.  Batchelder,  362 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  1330, 
1348 

V.    Chicago    Sinai    Congregation, 
301b 

V.  Kennedy,  999A 

V.  Lennox,  443 
Lombard  Invest.  Co.  v.  Burton,  334 
Lombardi  v.  California  St.  Ry.,  482a, 

860 
Lommeland  v.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  Ry., 

937 
London  &  B.  Bank  v.  Walker,  685j 
London  &  Canadian  Loan  &  Agency 

Co.  «.  Morris,  346 
London  Assur.  Corp  v.  Russell,  818a 
London  Bank  v.  White,  303 
London,  C.  &  D.  Ry.  v.  South  Eastern 

Ry.,  340 
London  F.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Tumbull,  726 
London  T.  &  S.  Ry.  arid  Trustees  of 
Gower's  Walk  Schools,  In  re,  1091, 
1102 
Lonergan  v.  Waldo,  742 
Loney  v.  Oliver,  1022 
Long  V.  Booe,  480a 

V.  Chicago  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  45a 

V.  Clapp,  125,  769 

V.  Conklin,  636a,  737 

V.  Douthitt,  777 

V.  Fulton  Contr.  Co.,  1270o 

V.  Gieriet,  991 

V.  Harrisburg  &  P.  R.  R.,  1142 

V.  Kansas  City,  M.  &  B.  R.  R.,  67a 

V.  Lambkin,  55 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  932,  948 

V.  McCauley,  614 

V.  Morrison,  573a 

V.  O'Bryan,  632 

V.  Pruyn,  765 

V.  Sinclair,  979 

V.  Towl,  413 
Long   Distance   Tel.   &   Tel.   Co.   v. 

Schmidt,  252 
Long  E.  R.  J.  Co.  v.  Midland  Ry.,  1097 


2936 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Long  Island  R.  R.,  Matter  of,  1174 
Long  Island  R.  R.  ».  Bennett,  1128 
Long  P.  L.  Co.  V.  Saxon  L.  &  L.  Co., 

246 
Longfellow  f .  McGregor,  679a 

V.  Quimby,  29  Me.  196;  226i,  233 

V.  Quimby,  33  Me.  457;  317,  933 
Longmont  v.  Parker,  1123 
Longobardi  v.  Yuliano,  414 
Longstreth  v.  Phoenixville,  1112a 
Longworth  v.  Cincinnati,  316 

V.  Meriden  &  W.  R.  R.,  1154 

V.  Mitchell,  269 
Longyear  v.  Gregory,  930o 
Lonon  v.  Public  Service  Co.,  1304 
Lonsdale  v.  Church,  678 
Lonsdale  Co.  v.  Woonsocket,  316 
Loof  V.  Lawton,  440 
Loomer  v.  Thomas,  204,  205,  608 
Loomis  V.  Bedel,  979 

V.  Eagle  Ins.  Co.,  729 

V.  Gillett,  308a 

ti.  Green,  63 

V.  Knox,  3406 

V.  Robinson,  83& 

V.  Stave,  80 

V.  Wadhams,  1007,  1012,  1018 
i-oomis  Milling  Co.  v.  Vawter,  762 
Looney  v.  District  of  Columbia,  6226 

V.  Reeves,  959,  965,  966,  974,  977 
Loosemore  v.  Radford,  262,  789,  790 
Loosey  v.  Orser,  546 
Lorain  St.  R.  R.  v.  Sinning,  1148 
Loraine  v.  Cartwright,  524,  822 
Loranger  v.  Dominion  Transport  Co., 
1216 

».  Loranger,  445 
Lord  V.  Carbon  I.  M.  Co.,  92,  202 

V.  Chadboume,  265 

V.  Comstock,  644,  645 

V.  Gaddis,  413 

V.  Guyot,  468 

V.  Hingham  Nat.  Bank,  633c 

V.  Maine  Cent.  R.  R.,  854 

V.  Neptune  Ins.  Co.,  710,  717 

V.  New  York,  335,  336 

V.  Staples,  800 

V.  Strong,  842 

V.  Wheeler,  657 

V.  Wood,  565a 


Loring  v.  Baker,  692c 

V.  Gumey,  756 

V.  Morrison,  1060 

ti.  Neptune  Ins.  Co.,  717 
Lorius  V.  Abbott,  417 
Los  Angeles  v.  City  Bank,  339 

I).  Gager,  1151 
Losch's  Appeal,  1154c 
Losee  v.  Buchanan,  33 
Lot  V.  Parish,  956 

Lothian  v.  Western  IT.  T.  Co.,  881o 
Lothrop  V.  Golden,  506a 

V.  Otis,  762 

V.  Southworth,  685 
Lott  V.  Mitchell,  793o 
Lotty,  The,  592 

Lotze  V.  Cincinnati,  1117,  11496 
Loucks  V.  McSloy,  55 
Loud  V.  Campbell,  613 

V.  Merrill,  700 
Louder  v.  Hinson,  365,  372 
Loudon  I).  Shelby  Coimty  Taxing  Dist., 

282,  301 
Loughin  v.  McCauley,  599 
Loughlin  v.  Carey,  999A 
Loughran  v.  Des  Moines,  948 
Louis  V.  Brown,  411 

V.  The  Buckeye,  844,  846 
Louis  Cook  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Randall,  739 
Louis  Werner  Stave  Co.  v.  Pickering, 

934 
Louisiana  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  Hobbs,  1356 

V.  Nix,  1348 
Louisiana  &  F.  P.  R.  v.  Pickett,  1140 
Louisiana  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Reeves, 

894c 
Louisiana  Extension  Ry.  v.  Carstens, 

574a 
Louisiana  R.  &  N.  Co.  v.  Jones,  1171c 

V.  Sarpy,  253 
Louisville  v.  Arrowsmith,  1348 

V.  Bohlsen,  932 

V.  Caron,  1138a 

V.  Colebume,  924a,  1110 

V.  Donahue,  924a 

V.  Hammock,  1363 

V.  Harbin,  1138a 

V.  Hegan,  1138a,  1149 

V.  Kaye,  1138a 

V.  O'Malley,  947,  948 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2937 


Louisville  v.  Tompkins,  1360 
Louisville  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  Cox,  1367 

V.  Davis,  1347 
LouisviUe  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  Hardin,  1123 

V.  Vincent,  1353 
Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  t».  Asher,  1138a 

V.  Ballard,  360,  364,  365,  366,  367, 
380 

V.  Banks,  580 

V.  Barnwell,  1270 

V.  Beeler,  933 

V.  Beny,  33  Ky.  L.  Rep.  850;  387 

V.  Berry,  96  Ky.  604;  574a 

V.  Binion,  484,  490 

».  Bizzell,  387 

V.  Breckinridge,  1342 

V.  Brooks,  387,  1367 

V.  Brown,  121  Ala.  221;  574a 

V.  Brown,  127  Ky.  732;  1328,  1347 

t>.  Buck,  584a 

».  CampbeU,  1306,  1355 

V.  Carotheis,  67,  67o 

V.  Carter,  932 

V.  Case,  572 

V.  Cason,  1357 

V.  Chalcraft,  11656 

V.  Champion,  363 

V.  Com.,  688a 

V.  Coniff,  573a 

V.  Cottengim,  865 

V.  Cox,  1354 

V.  Coyle,  752 

».  Creighton,  573o,  575,  1367 

V.  Crow,  482,  483,  484 

V.  Cumnock,  1123,  1138a 

V.  Daugherty,  150 

V.  Dick,  486 

V.  Donaldson,  388 

V.  Eaden,  380 

V.  Eakin's  Adm'r,  574a 

V.  Earl,  368 

V.  Falvey,  860 

V.  Foley,  1357 

V.  Fort,  317 

V.  Fowler,  29  Ky.  L.  Rep.  905;  865 

V.  Fowler,  32  Ky.  L.  Rep.  1021 ;  365 

V.  Fox,  1352,  1326 

V.  Freppon,  1354 

V.  Caddie,  864 

V.  Garrett,  380 


Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Geikel,  1151, 

1165a 
V.  Gidley,  119 
V.  Glazebrook,  1138a 
V.  Gollihur,  573 
V.  Gower,  490 

V.  Gormley,  109  S.  W.  346;  86a 
V.  Gormley,  111  S.  W.  289;  133, 

226<2 
V.  Graham,  573a,  1367 
V.  Greer,  368 
V.  Hall,  87  Ala.  708;  387 
V.  Hall,  136  S.  W.  905;  1161 
V.  Handley,  1303 
V.  Hart  County,  932 
V.  Hartwell,  853 
V.  Heilprin,  854 
V.  Higginbotham,  91,  924 
V.  Hollerbach,  642,  647a,  6475 
V.  Howard,  580a 
V.  Hull,  45,  45a,  856a,  1342 
V.  Ingrain,  1138a 
V.  Jones,  83  Ala.  376;  1215 
0.  Jones,  130  Ala.  456;  579 
V.  Kelly,  337a,  380,  574a,  581 
V.  Kelsey,  432a 
V.  Kingman,  368,  1354 
V.  Lambert,  1149a 
V.  Lansford,  584 
V.  Law,  1357 
V.  Long,  1360 
V.  Lowe,  1357 
0.  Lucas,  1367 
V.  McE3wain,  571c 
V.  McEwan,  1342 
V.  MacMillam,  1363 
V.  Marshall,  368 
V.  Mason,  844,  852 
V.  Mattingly,  1364 
V.  Maybin,  365 
V.  Melton,  1348 
V.  Milet,  574o 
V.  Mink,  152,  157 
V.  MitcheU,  1326,  1356 
V.  Moore,  2145 
V.  Morris,  574a 
V.  Mount,  368 
V.  Mulfinger,  1367 
V.  Neafus,  620 
V.  Orr,  584 


2938 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Owen,  851 

V.  Popp,  1356 

V.  Queen  City  Coal  Co.,  842 

V.  Quinn,  486a 

V.  Ray,  1342 

V.  Reynolds,  1270 

V.  Roe,  1349 

V.  Roney,  1270 

V.  Roth,  388 

V.  Schroader,  368,  1356 

V.  Scott,  365,  1367 

V.  Sharp,  332 

V.  Sherrod,  851 

V.  Simpson,  368 

V.  Smith,  141  Ala.  335;  361,  363, 
364,  383b 

V.  Smith,  134  Ky.  47;  1354 

V.  Sowell,  851 

V.  Spinks,  212,  222,  865 

V.  Stacker,  573a,  574a 

V.  Stewart,  844 

V.  Street,  347 

V.  Sullivan,  547a,  868 

V.  SuUivan  Timber  Co.,  927 

V.  Survant,  1347 

V.  Taafe,  574a 

V.  Thompson,  1138a 

V.  Trammell,  1367 

V.  Wallace,  316 

V.  Ward,  584 

V.  Weathers,  1342 

V.  Whitman,  47,  865 

V.  Wilkins,  363,  1354 

V.  Wilkinson,  1342 

V.  Williams,  484 

V.  Wilson,  43ft 

V.  Woods,  485o 

V.  Wynn,  851 

V.  Young,  494a 
Louisville  &  P.  C.  Co.  v.  Rowan,  619 
Louisville  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Smith,  347 
Louisville  &  S.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Clarke,  580a 
Louisville  &  S.  I.  T.  Co.  v.  Snead,  1350 
Louisville  A.  &  P.  E.  Ry.  v.  Whipple, 

620 
Louisville  A.  &  P.  V.  E.  Ry.  v.  Whipps, 

630 
Louisville  Banking  Co.  v.  M.  V.  Mon- 
arch Co.,  685fc 
Louisville  City  R.  R.  v.  Mercer,  1342 


Louisville  Cooperage  Co.  v.  Farmer, 

1355 
Louisville,  E.  &  S.  L.  C.  R.  R.  v. 

Spencer,  933 
Louisville  Gas  Co.  v.  Gutenkuntz,  126a 

V.  Kentucky  Heating  Co.,  373 
Louisville,  H.  &  St.  L.  Ry.  v.  Arm- 
strong, 1363 

V.  Baskett,  630 

V.  Foulks,  1363 

V.  Kessee,  1363 

V.  Roberts,  932 
Louisville  M.  &  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Bland,  712, 

714 
Louisville  N.  A.  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Shanks,  368 
Louisville,  N.  &  G.  S.  R.  R.  v.  Fleming, 
226m,  872 

V.  Guinan,  360 
Louisville,  N.  A.  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Falvey, 
1216,  221 

V.  Flanagan,  842 

V.  Jones,  1216 

i;.  Marlott,  932 

V.  Moore,  218 

V.  Peck,  1296 

V.  Rush,  575 

V.  Snyder,  1216 

V.  Sumner,  218,  620,  630 

V.  Wood,  1216 

V.  Wright,  574a 
Louisville,  N.  O.  &  T.  R.  R.  v.  Dickson, 
1175 

V.  Hopson,  1175 

V.  Ryan,  252,  1171 
Louisville  Pk.  Co.  v.  Crain,  636a 
Louisville  Press  Co.  v.  Tennelly,  443 
Louisville  Public  Warehouse  Co.,  975 
Louisville  Ry.  v.  Bohon,  1363 

V.  Bryant,  1356 

V.  Gaddie,  1354 

V.  Gaugh,  1270a 

V.  O'Connell,  1347 

V.  Owens,  1363 

V.  PuUiam,  1354 

V.  Roser,  1346 

V.  Steubing,  123,  1362 

i;.  Wellington,  1342 

V.  Worley,  1363 
Louisville,  S.  L.  &  T.  R.  R.  v.  Barrett, 
1138a,  1165 


Table  of  cases 

[References  are  to  sections] 
Loubville,  S.  L.  &  T.  R.  R.  v.  Neafes, 


2939 


194 
Louisville  Soap  Co.  v.  Vance,  834c 
Louisville  Southern  R.  R.  v.  Cogar,  1110 

V.  Minogue,  388 
Louisville  St.  Ry.  v.  Brownfield,  368 
Louisville  Underwriters  v.  Pence,  711 
Louisville  Water  Ck).  v.  Clark,  332,  334 

V.  Phillips,  1367 

V.  Youngstown  Bridge  Co.,  419 
Louth  V.  Thompson,  486 
Love  V.  Bamseville  Mfg.  Co.,  734 

V.  Oldham,  1060 

V.  Philadelphia  &  Reading  R.  R., 
346 

V.  Powell,  908 

V.  Ross,  762 

V.  Shartzer,  916 
Lovejoy  v.  Hutchins,  5655 

V.  Isbell,  1028 

V.  Merchants'  State  Bank,  497/ 

V.  Michels,  245,  750 
Lovell  V.  House  of  the  Good  Shepherd, 
2416 

V.  St.  Louis  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 

V.  Shea,  250 
Lovelock  V.  King,  655 
Low  V.  Archer,  806 

V.  Concord  R.  R.,  1171e 

V.  Purdy,  919 
Low,  In  re,  1149 
Lowden  v.  Goodrick,  1270 
Lowe  V.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  574a 

f.  Chicago,  S.  P.,  M.  &  0.  Ry., 
1367 

V.  Guthrie,  693 

V.  Herald  Co.,  447 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  44 

V.  Omaha,  1130,  1141,  1171o 

V.  Peers,  394,  396,  678,  679 

V.  Ring,  314,  488 

V.  Sinklear,  656,  673a 

V.  Steele,  1074 

V.  Turpie,  168,  622,  829,  972 

V.  Waller,  283,  698 

V.  Wing,  82 
Lowell  V.  Boston  &  L.  R.  R.,  241a 

0.  Parker,  79,  692i,  802 
Lowen  v.  Grossman,  673a 
Lowenberg  v.  Jeffries,  558 


Lowenberg  v.  Rosenthal,  55 

V.  Walley,  8186 
Lowenstein  v.  Chappell,  607a,  984a 

V.  Monroe,  127,  237,  566a,  682 
Loweree  v.  Newark,  1148 
Lowery  v.  Rowland,  75,  317 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  602,  879,  897 
Lowndes  v.  ColUns,  287,  289 
Lowrance  v.  Robertson,  961 
Lowry  v.  Coster,  1254 

V.  State,  692A; 

V.  Young,  854 
Lowther  v.  Com.,  959 
Loyacano  v.  Jurgens,  1371 
Loyd  V.  Capps,  988 

V.  Colmnbus,  1110 
Loxtercamp  v.  Lininger  Implement  Co., 

762 
Lozier  v.  Hannan,  749o 
Lucas  V.  Flinn,  481,  489 

V.  Detroit  City  Ry.,  226/ 

V.  Michigan  Cent.  R.  R.,  865 

V.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  579 

V.  The  Thomas  Swann,  587 

V.  Trumbull,  55,  494 

V.  Wattles,  318 

V.  Wilcox,  976 
Luce  V.  Hoisington,  54  Vt.  428;  I21d 

V.  Hoisington,  56  Vt.  436;  121d, 
195 

V.  Jones,  81 
LucUle,  The,  595,  1298 
Lucille  Manor,  The,  657 
Luck  V.  Ripon,  180 
Lucker  v.  Liske,  1256 
Luckey  v.  Robots,  567 
Lucking  v.  Gegg,  801 
Lucot  V.  Rodgers,  932 
Lucy  V.  Chicago  G.  W.  Ry.,  1342 
Ludden  v.  Buffalo  Belting  Co.,  80 
Ludlow  V.  Detweller,  1123,  1138a 

V.  Dole,  664 

V.  Froste,  1177 

V.  Gilman,  973 

V.  Steffen,  436 

V.  Yonkers,  316,  944 
Ludwick  V.  Huntzinger,  325 
Ludwig  V.  Meyre,  844 
Lueders  v.  Hartford  L.  I.  Co.,  732 
Luessen  v.  Oshkosh  E.  L.  &  P.  Co.,  575 


2940 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Luetgert  v.  Volker,  311 

Lufburrow  v.  Henderson,  1040,  1049, 

1062 
Lufkin  V.  BQtchcock,  1368 

V.  Mayall,  673a 

V.  Patterson,  675 
Luft  V.  Lingane,  1335 
Luitweiler  P.  E.  Co.  v.  Ukiah  W.  &  I. 

Co.,  767 
Luke  V.  Lyde,  841 
Lukin  V.  Goodsall,  932 
Lxrmber  Co.  v.  Daniel,  308 
Lumbermen's  Ins.  Co.  v.  St.  Paul,  73 
Lumberman's  Min.  Co.  v.  Gilchrist,  842 
Lumpkin  v.  Blewitt,  976 
Lund  V.  Idaho  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  1165a 

V.  New  Bedford,  100,  101  , 

V.  Sargent  Mfg.  Co.,  1357 

V.  Tyler,  181,  1303 
Lunn  V.  Gage,  1057 

V.  Guthrie,  8186 

V.  Shermer,  777 

V.  Turner,  363a 
Lunsford  v.  Baskins,  688 

V.  Dietrich,  44,  47 

V.  Walker,  483 
Limt  V.  Egeland,  408 

V.  Philbrick,  47,  473 

V.  Wrenn,  236,  239 
Luntz  V.  Berry,  423 
Luper  V.  Henry,  1354 
Lurch  V.  Holder,  221a 
Lurton  v.  GiUiam,  308 
Lusch  V.  Huber  Mfg.  Co.,  82 
Luse  V.  Jones,  42,  127a,  182,  214,  1298 
Lush  V.  Druse,  307,  999a 
Lusk  V.  Briscoe,  1271 

V.  Smith,  310 
Luske  V.  Hotchkiss,  &7Sd 
Lutes  V.  Alpaugh,  689 
Luther  v.  Winnisimmet  Co.,  64 
Luxenberg  v.  Keith  &  P.  A.  Co.,  607 
Luxmore  v.  Robson,  999^ 
Lycoming  G.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Mayor,  1112a 
Lycoming  Ins.  Co.  v.  Mitchell,  713 
Lydeeker  v.  Valentine,  614 
Lyden  v.  McGee,  464 
Lydian  Monarch,  The,  851 
Lydon  v.  Sullivan,  753 
Lyle  V.  Barker,  76,  78 


Lyle  V.  Clason,  1277 
Lyles  V.  Lyles,  280 

t).  Perrin,  119  Cal.  264;  363 

V.  Perrin,  134  Cal.  417;  975 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c,  894d 
Lyman  v.  Babcock,  413 

».  Conkey,  692fc 

V.  Lincoln,  655d 

V.  Mower,  912 
Lyme  Regis  v.  Henly,  35 
Lynch  v.  American  Linseed  Co.,  1355 

V.  Baldwin,  9996,  1057 

r.  Bogy,  673d 

V.  Cox,  914 

V.  De  Viar,  303 

V.  Knight,  43,  435,  43/,  44,  47 

V.  McGhan,  517 

V.  Metropolitan  E.  R.  R.,  1256/ 

V.  Sellers,  614 

V.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  1262 

V.  Troxell,  942 

ti.  Wright,  1021 
Lynd  v.  Picket,  363a,  364,  366,  373a 
Lynde  ».  Thompson,  417 
Lyndon  v.  Miller,  692e 
Lyne  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894,  894c 
Ljmn  V.  McDonald,  1165 
Lynn  G.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Meriden  F.  I.  Co., 

116,  12ld,  723o 
Lyon  V.  Betram,  762a 

V.  Clark,  678 

V.  Donaldson,  1229 

V.  Fishmongers'  Co.,  1093 

V.  Grormley,  503 

V.  Green _Bay  &  M.  Ry.,  1151, 1175 

V.  Hammon  &  B.  I.  R.  R.,  1138, 
1160a 

V.  Hersey,  237,  685n 

V.  Katten,  1012,  1298 

V.  Magagno,  301c 

V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1309 

V.  Northup,  802 

V.  Valentine,  664a 

V.  Yates,  53 
Lyons  v.  Bamimi,  1028 

V.  Boston  &  L.  R.  R.,  929a 

V.  Chamberlin,  311a 

V.  Erie  Ry.,  228 

V.  Iron  City  Nat.  Bank,  334 

V.  Merrick,  125a 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


2941 


[References 

Lyons  v.  Second  Ave.  R.  R.,  1367 
Lytle  ti.  Scottish  American  Mort.  Co., 

412 
Lytton  e.  Baird,  236,  241,  457,  458 


M 

M.  &  M.  R.  R.  w.  Finney,  380 
M.  J.  Sanford,  The,  196 
M.  Kalbfleisch,  The,  2261 
M.  M.  Caleb,  The,  593 
M.  S.  Bacon,  The,  v.  Erie  &  W.  Trans- 
portation Co.,  857 
Mabb  V.  Stewart,  205,  222 
Mabin  v.  Webster,  6416 
Mabrey  ».  Cape  Girardeau  &  J.  G.  R.  R. 

171 
McAbee  v.  Cribbs,  972 
McAdory  v.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  574 

1367 
McAfee  v.  Crawford,  60 

V.  Crofford,  137,  363a 
I  IcAfferty  v.  Hale,  655e 
McAleer  v.  Good,  372 
McAlester  v.  Landers,  1051,  1057 

V.  Suchy,  689a 
I  IcAlexander  v.  Harris,  452 
I.IoAUster  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R., 

852 
IIcAllen  ».  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c 
McAllister  v.  Clark,  681a 

V.  Clement,  109 

V.  Dexter  &  P.  R.  R.,  921 

V.  Douglas,  734 

V.  Reab,  298,  1039 
I  loAUistem  v.  Reel,  1157 
I  I'Almont  V.  M'Clelland,  445 
McAlpin  V.  Lee,  762a,  1050 

V.  Woodruff,  238,  976,  982,  983 
I.IcAndrew  v.  Electric  Tel.  Co.,  876 

V.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  R.  R.,  85c 
McAneany  v.  Jewett,  106 
McArthur  v.  Cornwall,  360,  363,  908 

V.  Hdwett,  537 

V.  Sault  News  Printing  Co.,  443 

V.  Seaforth,  508 
McAulay  v.  Allen,  82 

V.  Birkhead,  475,  476 
McAvoy  V.  Wright,  777 
McBeth  V.  Craddock,  316 


are  to  sections] 

McBrayer  v.  Cohen,  1023 
McBride  v.  Marine  Ins.  Co.,  712 

V.  Mclntire,  339a 

V.  McLaughlin,  385 

V.  Sunset    Telephone    Cp.,    45a, 
894 
McCaa  v.  Elam  Drug  Co.,  121d 
McCabe  v.  Desnoyers,  777 

V.  Knapp,  252 

V.  Morehead,  375,  538 

V.  Narragansett  E.  L.  Co.,  573a, 
574a,  577 

V.  Platter,  451 
McCafferty  v.  Griswold,  959,  984,  e84o, 

1009 
McCall  V.  Icks,  308,  308a,  636i 

V.  McDowell,  464,  466 

V.  Phoenix  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 

V.  Sun  Mut.  Ins.  Co.,  710 

V.  Turner,  340 
McCall  Co.  V.  Deuchler,  417 
McCalla  v.  Clark,  80,  1044 
McCann  v.  Albany,  11  App.  Div.  378; 
419 

V.  Albany,   42  N.  Y.   Supp.   94; 
407 

V.  Albany,  158  N.  Y.  634;  391 

V.  Lewis,  334 

V.  Ullman,  769 
McCaraher  v.  Commonwealth,  692 
McCardell  v.  Williams,  991 
McCardle  v.  McGinley,  241 
McCarten  v.  Flagler,  1334 
McCarthy  v.  DeAmit,  372,  382 

V.  EUers,  762 

V.  Henderson,  1041 

V.  Mayor,  673d 

V.  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works, 
1123 

V.  Miller,  1266,  361 

V.  Niskem,  360,  385 

V.  Nixon  Grocery  Co.,  750 

V.  St.  Paul,  217 

V.  Spring  Valley  Coal  Co.,  226o 
McCartney  v.  Phila.,  1110 

V.  Smith,  226 

V.  Titsworth,  950 
McCarty  v.  Beach,  106 

V.  Frazer,  692j 

V.  Gray,  363ai 


2942 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


McCarty  v.  Heryford,  637,  641c 

V.  Leggett,  977 

V.  Quimby,  317,  538 

V.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  1372 

II.  Wells,  1255 
McCauley  v.  Leavitt,  3406 

b.  Moses,  973 
McCausey  v.  Hoek,  182,  665c 
McCausland  v.  Bell,  336 

V.  Cresap,  615 
MoChesney  v.  Wilson,  358 
McClair  v.  Austin,  614 
McClarren  v.  Jefferson,  1177 
McClatchey  v.  Anderson,  762 
McCleary  v.  Edwards,  984 
McClellan  v.  Harris,  672 
McClelland  v.  Moore,  979 

V.  Snider,  613,  655 
McClendon  v.  Wells,  370,  683 
McCleneghan  v.  Omaha,  etc.,  R.  R., 

221a 
McCleskey  &  Whitman  v.  Howell  Cot- 
ton Co.,  739 
McClintock  v.  Crick,  449 
McCloskey  v.  Ryder,  333,  930a 
McClowry  v.  Croghan,  959,  984,  996 
McCloy  V.  Amett,  909,  909a 
McCIung  V.  Beirne,  688 
McClnre  v.  Broken  Bow,  942 

».  Dunkin,  678 

V.  Gamble,  959 

V.  Hill,  82 

i;.  Pyatt,  673 

V.  Renaker,  682a 

V.  Secrist,  656 

V.  Thorpe,  624,  936,  989 

V.  Williams,  762 
McClurg  V.  Brenton,  373 
McCoU  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  888 
McCoUum  V.  Davis,  205 

V.  Huntington,  734 

V.  Seward,  312,  315,  308a,  664o 
McComas  v.  Haas,  753 
McComb  V.  Brodie,  1228,  1240 

«.  Reed,  270 
McCombs  V.  Pittsburg,  1150 
McCommico  v.  Curzen,  312 
McConaghy  v.  Pemberton,   170,  194, 

610 
McConathy  v.  Deck,  361,  372 


McConey  v.  Wallace,  645 
McConnel  v.  Kibbe,  93a,  98,  636jr 
McConnell  v.  Corona  City  Water  Co., 
614 

V.  Dunlap,  1010 

V.  Hampton,  1326 

V.  Wright,  779 
McConnell   Bros  v.   Southern  R.  R., 
861 

V.  Slappey,  316 
McCord  V.  Massey,  976,  980 

0.  Nabours,  497a 

V.  Tiber,  The,  699 

V.  West  Fehciana  R.  R.,  655c 
McCormaok  v.  Lynch,  301 

V.  Showalter,  930 
McCormick  v.  Basal,  636i 

V.  Cormoly,  665 

V.  Crall,  295 

V.  Elston,  294,  214« 

V.  Falls  City  Bank,  695c 

V.  Hamilton,  1297 

V.  Kansas  City,  1110 

V.  McCormick,  310o 

V.  Mitchell,  339o,  417 

V.  Moss,  692d 

V.  P.  C.  R.  R.,  55 

V.  Rochester  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Pennsylvania  Central  R.  R.,  317 
493 

V.  Stowell,  995 

V.  Vanatta,  762,  767 

V.  United  States  Min.  Co.,  184 
McCormick  H.  M.  Co.  v.  Drake,  I21d, 
363 

V.  Markert,  751 
McCormick  Harvesting  Co.  v.  Jensen, 

738,  739 
McCoy  V.  Cornell,  538 

V.  Crawford,  451 

V.  Elder,  689a 

V.  Huffman,  673a 

V.  Trucks,  477 

V.  Milwaukee  St.  Ry.,  1355 

V.  Oldham,  991 

V.  P.  W.  &  B.  R.  R.,  380 
McCracken  v.  Hair,  1066 

V.  Smathers,  482,  484,  491 

V.  Traction  Co.,  580o 

V.  Webb,  757 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2943 


McCray  v.  Fairmont,  1144 
McCrea  v.  Purmort,  964 
McCready  ».  Phillips,  439a 
McCreary  v.  Pennsylvania  Canal  Co., 

1232a 
^McCreery  v.  Green,  308o 

V.  Willett,  553,  554 
McCnibb  v.  Bray,  913 
McCruden  v.  Jones,  311/ 

V.  Rochester  Ry.,  933 
McCuaig  V.  Quaker  City  Ins.  Co.,  244, 

712 
McCubbin  v.  Hastings,  570 
Maccubbin  v.  Thornton,  549 
McCue  V.  Klein,  585 
McCuUoch  V.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  R.  R., 

1110 
McCullough  V.  Baker,  6556 

V.  Clemow,  310a,  312 

V.  Cox,  1046,  1052 

V.  Greenfield,  464 

V.  111.  Steel  Co.,  1332,  1364 

V.  Newton,  308a 

V.  S.  J.  Hayde  Contracting  Co., 
648a 

V.  Walton,  683 
McCune  v.  Hartman  Steel  Co.,  311/ 
McCurry  v.  Gibson,  418,  426 

V.  McCurry,  451 
McCutcheon  v.  Dougherty,  310 

V.  Freedom,  325 
McCutchin  v.  Taylor,  469 
McDade  v.  Bossier  Levee  Board,  916 
McDaniel  v.  Baca,  1328 

V.  Crabtree,  191,  238,  685i 

».  Grace,  973 

V.  Hutcherson,  607a,  1261,  1266 

V.  Parks,  206,  667,  671 

V.  Staples,  499 

V.  State,  692t 
McDermid  v.  Redpath,  787 
McDermott  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry., 
1350 

V.  De  Meridor  Co.,  633/ 

V.  St.  Wilhelmina  B.  A.  Soc,  655/ 

V.  Severe,  47 
McDodrill  v.  Pardee  Co.,  75 
McDonald  v.  Casey,  1252 

V.  Champion  I.  &  S.  Co.,  1367 

V.  Christie,  1296 


McDonald  v.  Clearwater  Shortline  R. 
R.,  1032 

V.  Everitt,  256 

V.  Great  Western  R.  R.,  3406 

V.  James,  237,  685c,  685& 

V.  Kansas  City,  B.  &  N.  Co.,  164, 
762 

V.  Liggett,  664 

V.  Loewen,  684 

V.  Meadows,  692fc 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  R.  R.,  1367 

V.  Montague,  661 

V.  Montana  Wood  Co.,  930a 

V.  Neilson,  1031 

V.  North,  58,  317,  540 

V.  Norton,  375 

V.  Scaife,  317,  375 

V.  Texas,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1143 

V.  Unaka  T.  Co.,  246,  739,  1059 

V.  Walter,  1368 

V.  Whitney,  1222 

V.  Woodruff,  448(i 
.McDonnel  v.  Henry  Elias  Brewing  Co., 

1348 
MacDonnell  v.  Buffalo  L.  T.  &  S.  D. 
Co.,  4926 

V.  Minneapolis,  St.  P.  &  S.  S.  M. 
Ry.,  132,  143, 1334 
McDonough  v.  Reilly,  536 

V.  Williams,  439a 
Macdougall  v.  Knight,  855 
McDouglad  v.  Coward,  449 
McDowell  V.  McCormick,  76 

ti.  Milroy,  979,  1053 

V.  Oyer,  603,  606,  611,  1020 
McDugald  V.  McFadgin,  1039 
McDunn  v.  Des  Moines,  975,  982 
McEachin  v.  Tuscaloosa,  1122 
McEachron  v.  Randies,  755 
McElheny  v.  McKeespert  &  DuQuesne 

Bridge  Co.,  1152 
McElljgott  V.  Randolph,  671/ 
McElrath  v.  Whetstone,  684 
McElroy  v.  Goble,  101,  940 
McElwee  ».  Bridgeport  L.  &  I.  Co.,  6 
McEvoy  V.  Bock,  90 

V.  Humphrey,  1249a,  1264 
McEwan  v.  McLeod,  842 
McEwen  v.  Dillon,  993 

V.  Kerfoot,  1056 


2944 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


McElyea  v.  Faires,  3016 
MoFadden  v.  Crawford,  308a 

V.  Henderson,  734 

V.  Hopkins,  82 

V.  Johnson,  1159 

V.  Ross,  691o 

V.  Schill,  924a,  1143 

V.  Whitney,  55 
McFadin  v.  Rippey,  9996 
McFall  V.  Dempsey,  304 
McFarland  v.  Carver,  1052 

V.  Dawson,  671 

V.  McClees,  8186 

V.  Stone,  914 

I).  United  States  M.  A.  Assoc,  732 
MacFarlane  v.  Allan-Pfeiflfer  Chemical 

Co.,  672 
MacFeat  v.  Philadelphia,  W.  &  B.  R. 

R.,  574a 
McFee  v.  Vicksburg  R.  R.,  1367 
McGann  v.  Hamilton,  924a 
McGar  v.  Bristol,  1112a 
McGarr  v.  National  &  P.W.  Mills,  486c 
McGarrahan  v.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H. 

R.  R.,  171a,  2216,  483,  485 
McGary  v.  Hastings,  959,  979,  982,  983 

V.  President,  3806 
McGaughey  v.  Jacoby,  681a 
McGaughy  v.  Berg,  340c 
McGavock  v.  Chamberlain,  528 

V.  Wood,  762 
McGaw  V.  Acker,  M.  &  C.  Co.,  240 
McGean  v.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1208 
McGee  v.  Roen,  795 
McGehee  v.  Shafer,  1325 
McGettigan  v.  Parks,  925,  939 
McGhee  v.  Posey,  734 

V.  Willis,  574a 
McGiffin  V.  Baird,  774 
McGill  V.  Ash,  76 

V.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  856 

V.  Pintsch  Compressing  Co.,  948 

V.  Rowand,  1288 

V.  U.  S.  Bank,  339a 

!).  W.  P.  Fuller  &  Co.,   564,   565a, 
565c 
McGillivray  v.  Minico  Real  Estate  Se- 
curity Co.,  972 
McGinnis  v.  Noble,  1053 

V.  Pontiac,  The,  599c 


McGoldrick  v.  Rex,  1154o 
McGoon  V.  Shirk,  270 
McGovem  v.  Lewis,  633d,  842 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
571c 
McGowan  v.  Bailey,  304,  932,  936 

V.  Duff,  8736 

V.  Interstate  Consolidated  St.  R. 
R.,  481 

V.  La  Plata  M.  &  S.  Co.,  1326 

V.  Lynch,  515 

V.  St.  Louis  O.  &  S.  Co.,  572 

V.  Whiting,  1070 
McGowan,  Matter  of,  301c 
McGowen  v.  Young,  83 
McGown  V.  International  &  G.  N.  Ry., 

380a,  573 
McGrann  v.  North  Lebanon  R.  R.,  655 
McGrath  v.  Gegner,  734 

V.  Horgan,  643,  656 
McGraw  v.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  119 

V.  Gloversville,  673d 
McGregor  v.  Balch,  688a 

V.  Board  of  Education,  999^ 

V.  Equitable  Gas  Co.,  1419,  1160a, 
1164,  1165 

i*.  Kilgore,  844 

V.  McArthur,  641 
McGrew  v.  Chicago  &  M.  E.  R.  R.,  1359 

I'.  Mo.  Pac.  Ry.,  857a 
McGuckin  v.  Milbank,  968 
McGuffey  v.  Humes,  959,  965 
McGuinness  v.  Whalen,  1023 
McGuire  v.  Grant,  93o,  925,  939 

V.  Lovelace,  932 

V.  Lynch,  906 

V.  Pierce,  686 
McHaney  v.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  852 

V.  Trustees,  561 
McHardy  v.  Wadsworth,  1041 
McHenry  v.  Parkersburg,  924,  932 

V.  Philadelphia,  W.  &  B.  R.  R.,  852 
McHenry  Coal  Co.  v.  Sneddon,  368 
McHose  V.  Eamshaw,  778 

V.  Fuhner,  153,  157,  163,  204, 740, 
741,  1059 
McHugh  V.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  1365 

V.  Schlosser,  573a,  574a 
Mellhargy  v.  Chambers,  1298 
Mcllvaine  v.  Wilkins,  295,  308 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2945 


Mcllvane,  The,  692 
Mclnhill  V.  Odell,  269 
Mclnnis  v.  Lyman,  56,  956,  977 
Mclnroy  v.  Dyer,  58,  316,  666o 
Mclntire  v.  Barnes,  645,  1067 

t).  Cagley,  416 

V.  Eastman,  535 

V.  Lineham,  692/ 

V.  Sholty,  363 

V.  State,  1148 
Mcintosh  V.  Augusta  &  A.  Ry.,  364, 
371a 

V.  Johnson,  410,  676 

V.  Lee,  109 
Mclnturff  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  881o, 

896 
Mclntyre  v.  Bransford,  451 

V.  GibUn,  47 

V.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  572,  1367 

V.  N.  Y.  Cent,  R.  R.,  101 

V.  Whitney,  201  N.  Y.  526;  521 

V.  Whitney,   139  App.  Div.  557; 
22^,  521 
McKahan  v.  American   Express  Co., 

851 
Mckay  V.  Bamett,  672 

V.  Lane,  316 

V.  Melvin,  3016 

V.  New  England  Dredging  Co., 
573a,  574a,  576,  580,  584, 
1367 

V.  Overton,  310a 

V.  Riley,  740 
McKee  V.  Bain,  979,  983 

V.  Brandon,  959 

V,  Jones,  769 

V.  Nelson,  1290 

V.  Phoenix  Ins.  Co.,  730 
McKeegan  v.  McSwiney,  679a 
McKeigue  v.  Janesville,  580,  581,  1289, 

1306,  1307 
McKellar  v.  Powell,  681a 
McKelvin  v.  London,  226j 
McKenna  v.  Baessler,  226/ 

V.  Citizens'  Natural  Gas  Co.,  486a, 
1303 
McKenney  v.  Haines,  313a,  619,  746 
McKenzie  v.  A.  P.  Cook  Co.,  915 

V.  Boutwell,  1296 

V.  Gray,  637,  638 

185 


McKenzie  v.  Hancock,  772 

V.  Marsh,  686 

V.  Mitchell,  607,  629 

«;.  North  Coast  Coll.  Co.,  1363 

V.  Underwood,  794 
McKeon  v.  Byington,  310,  311     . 

w.  Citizens'   Ry.,   347,   360,  363a, 
380 

V.  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R.,  1152a 

V.  See,  33,  948 

V.  Wendelken,  304 
McKerall  v.  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  854 
McKercher  v.  Curtis,  734 
McKey  v.  Lauflin,  689 
McKibbin  v.  Great  Northern  R.  R.,  873 

V.  Williams,  306 
McKim  V.  Bartlett,  98,  106,  692c 

V.  Blake,  311,  335 

V.  Haley,  681a 
McKinlay  v.  Tuttle,  905 
McKinley  v.  Blackedge,  301 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  41,  47, 
180,  226/,  481,  485 

V.  Drew,  439c 

V.  Goodman,  667 

V.  Williams,  728 
McKinney  v.  Carson,  1261, 1271 

V.  Nashville,  266,  1171a 

V.  Peck,  999/ 

V.  Springer,  660,  662,  1048 
McKinnon  v.  Burrows,  1010 

».  McEwan,  190,  646 
McKinsey  v.  Squires,  639 
McKnight  v.  Carmichael,  506o 

V.  Chauncey,  341 

V.  Derlin,  1040 

V.  Dunlop,  6  N.  Y.  537;  734 

V.  Dunlop,  4  Barb.  36;  313,  314 

V.  RatcUff,  178,  184,  947 

V.  United  States,  505 

V.  Wichita,  11716,  1149 
McKusick  V.  Stillwater,  1148 
Macky  v.  Dillinger,  1044,  1069 
McLane  v.  Abrams,  325 

V.  Elmer,  4 

V.  Miller,  1048,  1064 
McLaren  v.  Fischer,  645 
McLaughlin  v.  Bangor,  196,  436 

V.  Charles,  446 

V.  Corry,  41,  47,  86c 


2946 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


McLaughlin  v.  Cowley,  451 

V.  Hebron  Mfg.  Co.,  573o 
McLean  v.  Charles  Wright  Medicine 
Co.,  109 

V.  Chicago  I.  &  D.  R.  R.,  11716 

V.  Chicago,  S.  P.  M.  &  O.  Ry.,  1342 

V.News  Pub.  Co.,  607a 

V.  Pittsburg  Railways,  482o 

V.  Richardson,  755 

V.  Tinsley,  413 
McLean  C.  C.  Co.  v.  Lennon,  602 

V.  Long,  502,  935 

V.  McVey,  575 
McLees  v.  Felt,  1260 
McLemore  v.  Mabson,  973 
McLendon  v.  Anson  County,  346 

V.  Atlanta,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1175 
McLennan  v.  Ohmen,  762,  766 

V.  Prentice,  956,  966,  975,  977,  981 
McLeod  V.  Boulton,  98,  103,  812 

V.  Capehart,  533 

V.  Genius,  655 

V.  Nimocks,  1275 

V.  Sandell,  107c 

V.  Spencer,  70 
McLimans  v.  Lancaster,  335 
McLure  v.  Hart,  1146 
McMahan  v.  Bowe,  908 
McMahon  v.  Bangs,  1306 

V.  Dubuque,  251,  932 

V.  Field,  150,  867 

V.  New  Orleans  R.  &  L.  Co.,  1333 

V.  New  York  &E.  R.  R.,  313,  314a 

V.  New  York  News  Pub.  Co.,  368 

V.  Northern  C.  Ry.,  41,  47,  226/, 
485 

V.  St.  Louis,  A.  &  T.  R.  R.,  1123 

V.  Sankey,  1249,  1254,  1255 

V.  Walsh,  1328 
McManus  v.  American  Woolen  Co., 

742a 
McMartin  v.  Hurlburt,  244 
McMaster  v.  Dyer,  1254 

V.  State,  314,  614,  617,  636,  642 

V.  Com.,  1128 
McMeekin  v.  Southern  Ry.,  159,  190 
McMenamy  v.  Cohick,  363a,  364,  378 
McMichael  v.  Mason,  59 
McMillan  v.  Arthur,  827 

V.  Fairley,  431 


McMillan  v.  First  Nat.  Bank,  408 

V.  Quincey,  834,  834c 

V.  Reaume,  439a 

V.  Ritchie,  959 

V.  Solomon,  999c 

V.  Union  P.  B.  W.,  41,  47,  4866 

V.  Vanderlip,  673/ 
McMillen  v.  Columbia,  1149 

V.  Elder,  1345 

V.  Gibson,  681a 
McMullan    v.    Dickinson    Co.,    665, 
6'66 

V.  Free,  164a,  768 
McMuUen  v.  Williams,  764 

V.  Winfield  Building  &  Loan  Assoc, 
694 
McMurray  v.  Basnett,  1326 

V.  Day,  917 

V.  Emerson,  1231 

V.  Sioux  City,  1355 
McMurrich  v.  Bond  H.  H.  Co.,  519 
McMurty  v.  Blake,  1022 
McMurtry  v.  Kentucky  Cent.  R.  R., 

316 
McNair  v.  Crompton,  959,  1009,  1020 
McNairy  v.  Bell,  411 

V.  McNairy,  3116 
McNally  v.  White,  975 
McNamara  v.  Clintonville,  1216,  180 

».  Com.,  1191 

V.  Dennison,  1143 

V.  Jose,  695 

V.  King,  352,  372,  490 

V.  McAllister,  480a 

V.  McNamara,  1334 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1363 

t).  Vincent,  999/1 
McNary  v.  Blackburn,  1255 
McNaught  V.  Dodson,  753 
McNaughter  v.  Cassally,  753 
McNaughton  v.  Borth,  934o 
McNear  v.  Leblond,  858 

V.  McComber,  3016 
McNeil  V.  Call,  3406 

V.  Crucible  Steel  Co.,  184 
McNeil,  Ex  parte,  570 
McNeill  V.  Cape  Girardeau,  485 

V.  Reid,  193 
McNetton  v.  Herb,  1249,  1250 
McNutt  V.  Young,  451 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2947 


McNutty  V.   Mt.  Morris  E.  L.  Co., 

12560 
McPeak  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  iZh 
McPeek  v.  Western  U.  Tel.  Co.,  169 
McPhee  v.  Wilson,  419 
McPheeters  v.  Hannibal  &  St.  J.  R.  R., 

368 
McPherson  v.  Chandler,  1271a 

V.  Robertson,  415 

V.  Ryan,  360,  370,  637a,  638,  639a 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  577 
McPheters  v.  Moose  R.  L.  D.  Co.,  136 
McPhillips  V.  Fitzgerald,  926 
McPike  V.  McPike,  311b 
McQuade  v.  Newman,  762 
McQuaid  v.  Portland  &  V.  Ry.,  1117 
McQueen  v.  Fulghan,  443 

V.  Whetstone,  696b 
McQuown  V.  Law,  785fc 
McRae  v.  Brown,  236,  685to 

V.  Clark,  200,  553 

V.  Dunlop,  553 

V.  McNair,  679a 

V.  Malloy,  311a 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  42 

V.  White,  908,  920 
McRea  v.  Hill,  119,  121a 
McReynolds  v.  Kansas  City,  C.  &  S. 
Ry.,  1140 

V.  Burlington  &  O.  R.  R.,  1138, 
1164,  1165b,  1165c 
Macrow  v.  Great  Western  Ry.,  873 
McShane  v.  Howard  Bank,  303,  694 
McSherry  Mfg.  Co.  u.  Dowagiac  Mfg. 

Co.,  1230,  1243 
McSloy  V.  Ryan,  1044 
McSorley  v.  Faulkner,  1296 
McSwyny  v.  Broadway  &  S.  A.  R.  R., 

1309 
McTavish  v.  Carroll,  1261 
MacVeagh  v.  Bailey,  127,  136,  565o, 

682 
McVeigh  v.  Howard,  302a 

V.  Minn.  &  R.  R.  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Old  Dominion  Bank,  340c 
McVicar  v.  Dennison,  343 

V.  Royce,  797,  799,  800 
McWilliam.s  v.  Bragg,  360,  372 

V.  Hoban,  458,  372 

V.  Morgan,  688a,  931,  932 


McWilUams  v.  Norileet,  692d 
Macarty  v.  Barrow,  700 
Mace  V.  Ramsey,  194 

V.  Reed,  378 
Macey  Co.  v.  New  York,  419 
Machette  v.  Wanless,  324a,  538 
Machin  v.  Geortner,  929a 
Mack  V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  1347 

V.  Jackson,  685c 

V.  Patchin,  986,  988 

V.  Sloteman,  762 

V.  South  Bound  R.  R.,  43A 
Mackay  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  154,  890 
Mackellar  v.  Farrell,  688 
Mackenzie  v.  Clement,  238,  983 
Mackey  v.  Harmon,  970 

V.  Olssen,  1012,  1022 
Mackintosh  v.  Great  W.  Ry.,  289 
Macklem  v.  Durrant,  431 
Madomber  v.  Bigelow,  312 

V.  Dunham,  325 
Macon  v.  Daley,  1172a 

V.  Dannenberg,  1108 

V.  Patty,  1139a 
Macon  &  Western  R.  R.  v.  Johnson, 
574o 

V.  Meador,  317 
Macon  Co.  v.  Rodgers,  326 
Macon  Ry.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Mason,  482o 
Macwdrth  v.  Thomas,  678 
Macy  V.  Indianapolis,  1108,  1115 

V.  Peach,  137 
Mad  River  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad  v.] 
Fulton,  1289  ' 

Madden  v.  Caldwell  Land  Co.,  960 

V.  Lemke,  755 
Mades  v.  Miller,  311b 
Madigan  v.  Schaghticoke,  490 
Madison  County  v.  Bartlett,  337 

V.  Johnston,  692fc 

V.  TuUis,  98 
Madison  Nat.  Bank  v.  Farmer,  81, 531a 
Madisonville,  H.  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  Gates, 
219  : 

V.  Ross,  1169 
Madisonville  v.  Stewart,  1348 
Madland  v.  Beuland,  918 
Madler  v.  Silverstone,  417 
Magagnos  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 
380 


2948 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


[References 

Magaw  V.  Lambert,  999c 
Magdeburg  G.  I.  Co.  v.  Paulson,  852 
Mageau  v.  Great  No.  Ry.,  571c 
Magee  v.  Brooklyn,  1154c 

V.  Holland,  360,  376 

V.  Lavell,  413 
Magenta,  The,  587 
Magerstadt  v.  Harder,  691a 
Magic  RufiBe  Co.  v.  Elm  City  Co., 

1232a 
Magilton  v.  Stevenson,  310o 
Magmer  v.  Renk,  241,  459,  468 
Magner  v.  Knowles,  303 
Magnes  v.  Sioux  City  Nursery  &  Seed 

Co.,  753,  755 
Magnin  v.  Dinsmore,  844,  851 
Magnolia  Metal  Co.  v.  Gale,  603,  614 
Magnus  v.  Woolery,  692i 
Magoffin  V.  Patton,  301c 
Magouirk  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Magrane  v.  Archbold,  426 
Magruder  v.  Randolph,  85 
Maguire  v.  Button,  533,  535 

V.  Pan  American  Amusement  Co., 
689o 

V.  Riggin,  976 

V.  Sheehan,  1216,  491 

V.  Transit  Co.,  484 

V.  Woodside,  666 
Mahady  v.  Bushwick  R.  R.,  1184 
Mahaffey  v.  Beach  Creek  R.  R.,  1142 
Mahan  v.  Brown,  32 

V.  Ross,  1031 

V.  Waters,  3406 
Mahanoy  v.  Comry,  337 
Mahaska  County  v.  Ingalls,  692d 
Maher  v.  Central  Park,  N.  &  E.  R.  R. 
R.,  1325 

V.  Riley,  745 

V.  Schulang,  1371 

V.  Winona  &  St.  P.  R.  R.,  109 
Mahlman  v.  WilUams,  688a 
Mahoney,  The,  697a 
Mahoney  v.  Belford,  47,  451 

V.  Dixon,  563o 

V.  Young,  922 
Mahood  v.  Pleasant  Valley  Coal  Co., 

1357 
Mahurin  v.  Bickford,  334 
Maier  v.  Brown,  1238,  1239 


are  to  sections] 

Maier  v.  Western  Union  Telegraph  C, 

876,  897 
Maille  ».  Laoassagne,  1370 
Main  v.  Casserly,  411 

V.  King,  417 
Maine,  The,  590 

Maine  v.  Chicago  City  Ry.,  1348 
Maine  Cent.  Inst.  v.  Haskell,  301 
Maine  M.  M.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Farrar,  703 

V.  Stockwell,  703 
Mainstee  I.  W.  Co.  v.  Shores  Lumber 

Co.,  419 
Mainwaring  t>.  Brandon,  833 
Mainz  v.  Lederer,  637,  639 
Mailler  v.  Express  Propeller  Line,  196, 

226,  592,  593 
Mairs  v.  Manhattan  R.  E.  Assoc,  317 
Maisenbacker  v.  Society,  234,  359 
Majestic  Hotel  Co.  v.  Eyre,  999c 
Major  V.  Dunnavant,  975 

V.  Pulliam,  388 
Malachy  v.  Soper,  455 
Malaun  ti.  Ammon,  1020 
Malcomb  v.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  862 
Malcomson  v.  Reeves  Pulley  Co.,  752 
Malecek  v.  Tower  G.  &  L.  Ry.,  379 
Maling,  The,  588 
Mall  V.  Portland,  332 
Mallay  v.  Kelly-Atkinson  Const.  Co., 

1349 
Mallet  V.  Quine,  1154c 
Mallonee  v.  Duff,  674 
Mallory  v.  Lord,  753 
Mallough  V.  Barber,  817 
Malloy  V.  Bennett,  368,  378 
Malmstrom  v.  People's  D.  D.  Co.,  937 
Malneg  v.  Hatten  Lumber  Co.,  153 
Malone  v.  Hawley,  47,  86c,  490 

V.  Philadelphia,  419 

V.  Roy,  325,  916 

V.  Sierra  Ry.  Co.  ot  California,  44 
Maloney  v.  King,  503 

V.  Stetson  &  Post  Mill  Co.,  1348 
Malony  v.  Brady,  6466 
Malott  V.  Goff,  789 

V.  Central  Trust  Co.,  1367 

V.  Shimer,  1367 
Maltman  v.  Williamson,  308 
Manchester  &  O.  Bank  v.  Cook,  168 
Mandel  v.  Steel,  762o 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2949 


[References 
Mandeville  v.  Courtright,  368 
Mandia  v.  McMahon,  130,  607 
Maneely  v,  M'Gee,  798 
Maner  v.  Wilson,  325 
Maness  v.  Joplin  &  P.  Ry.,  1347 
Maney  v.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  S73a 
Mangalore,  The,  852 
Manger  t>.  Grodnick,  665 
Mangham  v.  Reed,  1282 
Mangles  V.  Chosen  Freeholders,  1129 
Mangold  v.  Oft,  487a 
Mangum  v.  Ball,  278,  819 
Manhan  v.  Smith,  972 
Manhattan,  The,  587 
Manhattan  L.  Ins,  Co.  v.  Hennessy, 

729 
Manhattan  R.  R.  v.  O'Sullivan,  1190 
Manhattan  Stamping  Works  v.  Koeh- 

ler,  2126,  995 
Manhattan  Terminal,  In  re,  253,  1294 
Manice  v.  Brady,  405 
Manitoba,  The,  587,  598 
Manitou  &  P.  P.  Ry.  v.  Harris,  933 
Manley  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

1356 
Mann  v.  Cross,  345 

V.  Eckford,  789 

V.  Everts,  692j 

V.  Lawrence,  31 1& 

V.  Mathews,  975,  981 

V.  Taylor,  78  la.  355;  162,  742 

V.  Taylor,  1  McC.  171;  334 

V.  Yazoo,  692e 
Mann  B.  C.  Co.  v.  Dupre,  1214,  873o 
Mann,  Succession  of,  339 
Mannerberg  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry., 

482a 
Manning  v.  Fitch,  167 

V.  Grinstead,  684a 

V.  Manning,  311c 

V.  Monaghan,  81 

V.  Shreveport,  44  La.  882;  1172a 

V.  Shreveport,  119  La.  1044;  1139 
Mannville  Co.  v.  Worcester,  56 
Mansell  v.  British  L.  C.  Bank,  12866 
Manser  v.  Collins,  47 
Mansfield  v.  New  York  Central  &  H. 

R.  R.  R.,  296,  312,  313 
Mansfield  Coal  &  Coke  Co.  v.  McEn- 
ery,  574a,  577,  580 


are  to  sections] 

Manson  v.  Boston,  1151,  1164 

Mansur  v.  Willard,  755 

Mantonville  R.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Slingerland, 

1126,  1154 
Mantonya  v.  Martin  E.  0.  Co.,  82 
Mantur  v.  Truesdale,  1027 
Manuel  v.  Campbell,  606a 
Manufacturers'  &  Traders'  Bank  ii.  C. 

W.  F.  Dare  Co.,  685« 
Manufacturers'  Bank  v.  Dare,  685 
Manufacturers'  Fuel  Co.  v.  White,  4866 
Manufacturers'  N.  B.  v.  Perry,  303 
Manufacturers'  N.  G.  Co.  v.  LesJie, 

1110,  1165 
Manufacturing  Co.  v.  Cowing,  1237 

V.  Worcester,  1172a 
Manville  v.  MoCoy,  656 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876,  882 
Manville   Covering  Co.   d.   Babcock, 

1256A 
Many,  In  re,  704 
Many  v.  Sizer,  1228 
Manzer  v.  Phillips,  1249 
Marble  v.  Keyes,  856 
Marburg  v.  Marburg,  274 
Marbury  v.  Kentucky  Union  Land  Co., 

789 
Majbury  Lumber  Co.  v.  Stearns  Mfg. 

Co.,  164a 
March  v.  AUabough,  413 

V.  Bamet,  804 

V.  Portsmouth,  etc,  R.  R.,  336, 
1108 

V.  Walker,  574,  584 
Marchesseau  v.  Chaffee,  734 
Marcly  v.  Shults,  1208 
Marcum  v.  Burgess,  545 
Marcus  v.  Omaha  &  C.  B.  R.  &  B.  Co., 
1371 

e.  .Smith,  1023 

w/Stein,  433 

V.  Thornton,  lOgO 
Marcy  v.  Fries,  64,  65,  1148 
Marengo  County  v.  Matkin,  685/ 
Marfield  v.  Douglass,  821 
Margaret,  The,   v.  The   Connestoga, 

235 
Margolith  «.  McDonald,  1334 
Margraf  v.  Muir,  1010,  1011 
Mariani  v.  Dougherty,  1372 


2950 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Marie  v.  Semple,  915 
Marietta  Iron  Works  v.  Lottimer,  326 
Marine  v.  Lyon,  338 
Marine  Bank  v.  Fulton  Bank,  269 
Marine  Ins.  Co.  v.  China  Transpacific 
Steamship  Co.,  716 

V.  United  Ins.  Co.,  841 

V.  So.  Pac.  Co.,  841 
Marion  v.  Johnson,  363a 
Mariska,  The,  588,  590 
Mark  v.  H.  D.  Williams  Cooperage  Co., 
212& 

V.  Hudson  River  Bridge  Co.,  214 
Markel  v.  Moudy,  1027 
Marker  v.  Duim,  451 

■/.  Miller,  487 
Markham  v.  Herrick,  641 

V.  Jandon,  228e,  228/,  509 

V.  Russell,  443,  446,  448 
Markland  v.  Crump,  956 
Markoe  v.  American  Siu-ety  Co.,  688 
Marks  v.  Chicago  Yacht  Club,  685j 

V.  Culmer,  364,  366,  382,  564,  935o 

V.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  181 

V.  Massachusetts  B.  &  I.  Co.,  682a 
Marlborough  v.  Sisson,  91,  636</ 
Marlett  v.  Clary,  773 
Marlow  v.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  1342 
Mamey  v.  State,  692d 
Marpessa,  The,  593 
Marquardt  v.  Hudson  C.  G.  Co.,  IQId 
Marquart  v.  La  Farge,  927,  9906,  1304 
Marquette  County  v.  Ward,  688 
Marquette,  H.  &  O.  R.  R.  v.  Langton, 

844 
Marquezew.  Sontheimer,  127, 182, 565c, 

682 
Marquis  v.  Lauretson,  6556 

V.  Wood,  851 
Marquis  of  Chandos  v.  Commrs.  of 

Inland  Revenue,  1286 
Marr  v.  Barrett,  821 

V.  Prather,  276 

V.  Southwick,  339a 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  214,  884 
Marrin  v.  Graver,  189,  984 
Marriott  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1350 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  881 
Marsh  v.  Billings,  102 

«.  Butterworth,  999c 


Marsh  v.  Cavanaugh,  1006 

V.  Edge,  443 

V.  Fraser,  310,  314 

V.  Hammond,  908 

V.  Harrington,  808 

V.  Irwin,  921 

V.  McPherson,  55,  734,  764 

V.  MhineapoUs  B.  Co.,  1368 

V.  New  York  &  Erie  R.  R.,  1288 

V.  Nichols,  Shepard  &  Co.,  1242 

V.  Richards,  657,  660,  662 

V.  Rulesson,  673/ 

V.  Seymour,  1230a 

V.  Taylor,  301c 

V.  Thompson,  973 

V.  Webber,  769 
Marshall,  Ex  parte,  805 
Marshall  v.  American  T.  &  T.  Co., 
1166e,  1171c 

V.  Betner,  234,  359,  467 

V.  Clark,  162 

V.  Delaware  Ins.  Co.,  711 

V.  Dudley,  295 

V.  Ferguson,  8185 

V.  Franklin  L.  I.  Co.,  730 

V.  Gantt,  765 

V.  Gunter,  1326 

V.  Haney,  1010,  1019 

V.  3.  W.  &  W.  S.  Atkins,  416a 

V.  McConnell,  959 

V.  Macon  County  Savings  Bank, 
752 

i>.  Marshall,  278 

r.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  846 

V.  Piles,  755 

V.  Poole,  289 

V.  Saginaw  V.  T.  Co.,  1347 

V.  Schricker,  293 

V.  Simpson,  545 

V.  Taylor,  1340 

V.  Welwood,  33 

V.  Wood,  316,  762 
Marston  v.  Hobbs,  956,  966 

V.  Singapore  Rattan  Co.,  606o 
Martachowski  v.  Orawitz,  1030 
Martin  v.  Atkinson,  959,  979 

V.    Berwind-White    Coal    Mining 
Co.,  416,  999a 

V.  Bolenbaugh,  795 

V,  Carlock,  364 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


2951 


Pleferences 

Martin  v.  Corscadden,  458,  1337 

V.  Court,  789 

V.  Deetz,  182a 

V.  Ede,  302 

V.  Everett,  665 

V.  Fillmore  County,  1141 

V.  Franklin,  275 

V.  Gordon,  959,  961,  964,  981 

V.  Hill,  228,  1057 

V.  Kelly,  685 

V.  Leslie,  361 

!;.  Long,  966 

V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1203 

V.  Martin,  6  Watts,  67;  301c 

V.  Martin,    108    Wis.  -  284;   673c, 
999c 

t).  Meles,  636c 

V.  Minor,  487a 

V.  Monongahela  R.  R.,  620 

K.  Murphy,  482,  483,  484 

V.  Oslin,  493a 

V.  Porter,  501 

V.  Prince,  673e 

V.  Riddle,  373 

V.  Rider,  1286b 

V.  Ripe,  1007 

V.  Schoenberger,  659 

V.  St.  Louis,  331a 

V.  Seaboard  A.  L.  Ry.,  607 

V.  Silliman,  308a 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  864a 

V.  State,  310,  314 

V.  Sunset  Tel.  Co.,  888 

V.  Taylor,  679 

V.  Temperley,  810 

V.  Tyler,  1141a 

V.  Wharton,  1050 

V.  Wright,  959 
Martin-Brown  Co.  v.  Henderson,  76 
Martindale  v.  Brock,  793,  801 

V.  Wilson-Cass  Co.,  673d 
Martinez  v.  Thompson,  999ft 
Martinsville  v.  Shirley,  65 
Marvin  v.  Lewis,  918 

V.  Pardee,  938 

V.  Prentice,  240,  910 
Marx  V.  Leinkauff,  682 

V.  Press  Pub.  Co.,  447 
Mary  Eveline,  The,  594 
Mary  Ida,  The,  587 


are  to  sections] 

Maryland  v.  Winter,  678 

Maryland  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Hiller,  1148 

Maryland  C.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Quemahoning 

Coal  Co.,  161 
Maryland  Ice  Co.  v.  Arctic  Ice  Mach. 

Mfg.  Co.,  735c 
Maryland  Steel  Co.  v.  Marney,  116 
Marzetti  v.  WiUiams,   98,   105,   107a, 

171o,  707 
Mascotte,  The,  3836 
Mashburn  v.  Danneberg,  431 
Mason  v.  Alabama  Iron  Co.,  90,  607, 
613 

V.  Callender,  331,  343,  345 

V.  Com.,  692a 

V.  Eakle,  334 

V  Ellsworth,  41,  481 

V.  Erie  R.  R.,  482a 

V.  FrankUn,  700 

V.  Graham,  1230,  1232a 

V.  Harper's  Ferry  Bridge  Co.,  1173 

V.  Hawes,  234,  359 

V.  Hill,  940 

V.  Kellogg,  978 

V.  Kennebec,  etc.,  R.  R.,  11656 

V.  Lawing,  1012a 

V.  Lewis,  931 

V.  Marine  Ins.  Co.,  714 

V.  Morgan,  76 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  932 

V.  Raplee,  777 

i>.  Richards,  681a 

V.  Sieglitz,  36o 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  5716 

V.  Sumner,  6916 
Mason  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Stephens,  621 
Mason  C.  &  F.  D.  R.  R.  v.  Boynton, 

1332 
Mfisonic  Sav.  Bank  v.  Bangs,  310a 
Masons'    Fraternal    Assoc,    v.   Riley, 

732 
Massachusetts  v.  Western  Union  Tel. 

Co.,  339a 
Massachusetts  Ben.  Assoc,  v.  Miles, 

327 
Massachusetts  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Blacker, 
1151 

V.  Boston,  etc.,  R,  R.,  1152a 
Massachusetts  Hospital  v,  Prov.  L,  Ins. 
Co.,  274 


2952 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Massachusetts  L.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Fitchburg 

R.  R.j  853 
^lassey  v.  Fain,  493,  1295 

V.  Greenabaum,  65£if 

V.  Taylor,  674 
Massie  v.  State  Nat.  Bank,  999/ 
Maasman  v.  Steiger,  753 
Massuere  v.  Dickens,  449 
Mast  V.  Superior  Drill  Co.,  1230a 
Mastellar  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1331 
Masters  v.  Warren,  41,  44,  47 
Masters  &  G.  W.  Ry.,  In  re,  1097 
Masterson  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R., 
1342 

V.  Short,  35 
Masterton  v.  Goodlett,  745 

V.  Mayor,  192,  613,  614,  616,  636e, 
636i,  752 

V.  Mt.  Vernon,  180,  181,  482o 
Match  V.  Hunt,  335 
Matheis  t».  Mazet,  376,  385,  478,  479 
Matheny  v.  Stewart,  959,  982 
Mather  v.  American  Ex.  Co.,  1216, 152, 
850 

V.  Butler  County,  2126 

V.  Kinike,  273 
Mathes  v.  McCarthy,  762 
Mathesius  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 

667 
Matheson  v.  Equitable  Mar.  Ins.  Co., 
712 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  363 
Mathew  v.  Sherwell,  256 
Mathews  v.  Davis,  1012a 

V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  76 

V.  Howard  Ins.  Co.,  718 

V.  Sharp,  414 
Mathieu  v.  Laflamme,  359 
Matlock  V.  Reppy,  1027 
Matney  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  852 
Matoon  City  Ry.  v.  Graham,  1363 
Matson  v.  Buck,  451 

V.  Matson,  1345 
Matteson  v.  Monroe,  366 

V.  New  York,  etc.,  R.  R.,  47,  860 
Matthews  v.  Adams,  310a 

V.  Bliss,  439a 

V.  Coe,  509 

■v.  Cribbett,  639 

V.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co.,  924 


Matthews  v.  Discount  Corp.,  148 

V.  Gray,  1345 

V.  Matthews,  1012a 

V.  Montgomery,  692a 
Mattice  v.  Brinkman,  492a 

ti.  Wilcox,  452 
Mattingly  v.  Boyd,  341 

«.  Colton,  599c 

V.  Houston,  47 

V.  Mathews,  755 
Mattis  V.  Philadelphia  Traction  Co., 
218 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  937,  937a 
Mattoon  v.  Pearce,  538 
Mattox  V.  Craig,  279c 
Mauerman  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry., 

486c 
Mauk  V.  Brundage,  382,  445 
Maul  V.  Drexel,  562 
Mauldint).  Greenville,  1148, 1149, 1172 
Maund  v.  Loeb,  1275 
Maunsell  v.  Massareene,  1275 
Maupai  v.  Jackson,  1017 
Mauran  v.  Warren,  834d,  834/ 
Mauricet  v.  Brecknock,  1368 
Maury  v.  Coyle,  317 
Mauzy  v.  Flint,  956 
Maverick  v.  Lewis,  999c 
Maw  V.  Coast  Lumber  Co.,  1354 

V.  Jones,  668 
Mawson  v.  Leavitt,  407,  416 
Max  Morris,  The,  599 
Maxted  v.  Fowler,  762,  777 
Maxville  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c 
Maxwell  v.  Allen,  407,  417 

V.  Crann,  317,  432a 

V.  Jameson,  796,  797 

V.  Kennedy,  377,  451 

V.  Pamell,  836,  838 

V.  Pike,  117,  562 

V.  Sherman,  1028 
May  V.  Boston,  1162 

V.  Breunig,  633/ 

V.  Brown,  449 

V.  Carbondale  T.  Co.,  1149 

D.  Delaware  Ins.  Co.,  718 

V.  Dyer,  777 

V.  Georger,  618,  6336 

V.  Green,  3116 

V.  Gunther,  6336 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2953 


[References 

May  V.  Ivie,  973 

V.  Jameson,  527 

V.  N.  Y.  S.  R.  F.  Soc,  439c 

V.  Poluhoff,  611 

V.  Slade,  1159 

v.  West  Jersey  &  S.  R.  R.,  579, 
1367 
Mayberry  !;.  Cliffe,  533,  538 
Maye  v.  Yappen,  935 
Mayer  v.  American  Ins.  Co.,  726 

V.  Puke,  60,  364,  387 

V.  Dwinell,  762,  762a 

V.  Probe,  1254 

V.  La  Piemme,  6336 

V.  Liebmann,  1354 

V.  Reed,  340c 

V.  Wooten,  965 
Mayers  v.  Smith,  1249 
Mayfair    Property   Co.    v.    Johnston, 

932 
Mayfield  v.  Moore,  569 

V.  White,  363o,  1334 
Mayflower,  The,  196,  593 
Mayhew  v.  Bums,  570,  570a 
Maynard  v.  Beardsley,  449,  451 

V.  Maynard,  214,  441 

V.  Northampton,  1171 

«;.  Oregon  Ry.,  43g,  47 

V.  Pease,  519,  524,  822 

V.  Royal  Worcester  Corset  Co., 
633/,  667 
Maynell  v.  Saltmarsh,  1194 
Mayo  V.  Goldman,  120a 

V.  Springfield,  136  Mass.  10;  1110 

V.  Springfield,   138  Mass.    70^  63, 
66 

V.  Wahlgreen,  316,  439t 
Mayor,  Matter  of,  etc.,  1128 

V.  Furze,  35 

V.  Kelly,  692o 

V.  Lewis,'  3806 

V.  Mabie,  9996 

V.  Muzzy,  673e 

V.  Second  Ave.  R.  R.,  647 
Mayor  of  Birkenhead  v.  London  &  N. 

W.  Ry.,  1093 
Maysville  v.  Stanton,  95,  925,  932 
Maysville   &  B.  S.  Ry.    v.    Conner, 
1138a 

V.  Ingram,  1123,  II880,  1162 


are  to  sections] 

Maywood  v.  Logan,  1058 

Mc  is  indexed  as  "  Mac  " 

Meacham  v.  Fitchburg  R.  R.,   1129, 

1130,  1147 
Mead  v.  Pittsburg,  1142 

V.  Pollock,  378 

V.  Stratton,  1254,  1255 

V.  Wheeler,  301,  417 

V.  Young,  42 
Meade   v.  Brooklyn   Heights   R.  R., 
1347 

V.  Goldman,  483 

V.  Rutledge,  667 

V.  St.  Louis  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
Meaders  v.  Gray,  326 
Meadows  v.  Osterkamp,  916 
Meagher  v.  Driscoll,  44a 

V.  Puckett,  3016 
Mealey  v.  Finnegan,  1020 
Means  v.  Means,  762 

V.  Milliken,  1023 
Meardon  v.  Iowa  City,  1148 
Mears  v.  Cornwall,  79 

V.  Nichols,  1061 
Meason  v.  Kaine,  1009,  1023 

V.  PhilUps,  279c 
Meason's  Estate,  334 
Meaux  v.  Pittman,  685,  685m 
Mecartney  v.  Smith,  929, '929a 
Mechanics'  &  T.  Bk.  v.  Farmers'  &  M. 

Nat.  Bk.,  76,  493,  1325,  1330 
Mechanics'  Ins.  Co.  v.  Hodge,  722 
Mechlem  v.  Blak,  973 

V.  Blake,  lQ7d,  966 
Medairy  v.  McAllister,  363 
Medberry  v.  Sweet,  608 
Medbury  v.  New  York  &  E.  R.  R.,  856o 

V.  Watrous,  673o,  1027 
Medical   College   of   Ga.  v.  Rushing, 

4Zi 
Medinger  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 

1367 
Meeoh  v.  Smith,  298 
Meehan  «.  Edwards,  933 
Meek  v.  Wendt,  836 
Meeker  v.  Gardella,  999e 

V.  Hurd,  673a 

V.  Klemm,  717 

V.  Meeker,  964 
Meekins  v.  Norfolk  &  S.  Ry.,  581 


2954 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Mehurin  v.  Stone,  659 

Meibus  v.  Dodge,  368,  385 

Meidel  v.  Anthis,  347,  361,  386,  1249, 

1254,  1256 
Meighan  v.  Birmingham  Terminal  Co., 

63,  243,  362 
Meisch  v.  Rochester  El.  Ry.,  1334 
Meixell  v.  Kirkpatrick,  1298 
Melcher  v.  Scruggs,  47,  564 
Mell  V.  Mooney,  1062 
Mellersh  v.  Brown,  288 
Mellish  V.  Simeon,  700 
Mellor  V.  Philadelphia,  238 

V.  Spateman,  97 
Melsbary  v.  Jacobus,  976 
Memmer  v.  Carey,  85 
Memmert  v.  McKeen,  1024 
Memphis  v.  Bolton,  1148 
Memphis  &  C.  P.  Co.  v.  Nagel,  365,  380 
Memphis  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Green,  1342 

I).  Hembres,  435 

V.  Whitfield,  41,  47,  180,  226/,  368, 
481,  485 
Memphis  &  L.  R.  R.  R.  v.  Walker,  277, 

736 
Memphis  D.  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Buckley,  1367 
Memphis  Packet  Co.  v.  Peabody  Ins. 
Co.,  711 

V.  Yaeger  Transp.  Co.,  587 
Memphis  St.  Ry.  v.  Berry,  1367 
Menard  v.  Stevens,  182,  988a 
Mendell  v.  Willyoung,  636c 
Mendelsohn  v.  Anaheim  Lighter  Co., 

378,  380 
Mendenhall  v.  Davis,  672 
Mendocino  County  v.  Morris,  269 
Menetone  v.  Athawes,  655c 
Mengells  v.  Mohusville  Water  Co.,  320 
Menkens  v.  Menkens,  256 
Mentzer  v.  Western  U.  T,  Co.,  814o, 

894 
Mequet  v.  Silverman,  1370 
Mercantile  Trust  Co.  v.  Hensey,  6796 

V.  South  Park  Co.,  983,  979 
Mercer  v.  Beale,  334 

u.  Irving,  413 

V.  Jones,  256,  508 

V.  Liverpool  S.  H.  &  L.  Ry.,  1085 

V.  Vose,  314,  315,  664a 

V.  Whall,  1286 


Merchant  v.  Piekle,  458,  1339 
Merchants'  &  Manufs.  Nat.  Bank  v. 

Cumings,  795 
Merchants'  Bank  v.  McDonald,  531a 

V.  State  Bank  of  Phillips,  819 
Merchants'  Ins.  Co.  v.  Buckner,  444a 

V.  Frick,  725 
Merchants'  I.  &  C.  S.  Co.  v.  Bargholt, 

1350 
Merchants'  M.  I.  Co.  v.  Butler,  710,  841 
Merchant's  M.  T.  Co.  v.  Hirschman, 

948 
Merchants'   Nat.   Bank   v.   WilHams, 

493o 
Merchants'  S.  L.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Goodrich, 

538 
Merchants'  W.  B.  Assoc,  v.  Wood,  119 
Meredith  v.  Banks,  339a 
Merest  v.  Harvey,  350,  1334 
Merguire  v.  O'Donnell,  441 
Meriam  v.  Brown,  1174 
Merica  v.  Burget,  408,  413 
Meridian  v.  Higgins,  1139a 
Merieult  v.  Austin,  310 
Meriwether  v.  Lewis,  301b 

V.  Publishers:    George    Knapp    & 
Co.,  1335 
Merrell  v.  Merrell,  3406 
Merrett  v.  Farmers'  Ins.  Co.,  725 
Merriam  v.  Pine  City  Lumber  Co.,  789 

V.  Woodcock,  1048 
Merrick  v.  Brainard,  849 

V.  Wiltse,  762,  772 
Merrifield  v.  Davis,  383 

V.  Longmire,  344 
Merrill  v.  Blanchard,  227 

V.  Dibble,  109,  363a 

V.  Elam,  343 

V.  Grinnell,  873 

V.  How,  58,  226c 

V.  Ithaca  &  O.  R.  R.,  6556 

V.  Los  Angeles  G.  &  E.  Co.,  47 

V.  Mclntyre,  676,  681 

V  Merrill,  410 

V  Nightingale,  762 

V  Parker,  750 

V  Perkins,  1332 

V.  Taylor,  1050,  1053 

V  Wedgwood,  531a 
V.  Willis,  999/ 


TABLE   OP  CASES 


2955 


[References 

Merrill  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  1076 
Merrills  v.  Tariff  Manuf.  Co.,  352 
Merrimack  Manuf.   Co.  v.  Quintard, 

742 
Merriman  v.   McCormick  Harvesting 

Machine  Co.,  734,  834c 
Merrinane  v.  Miller,  377a 
Merritt  v.  Benton,  705 

V.  Brinckerhoff,  941 

V.  Closson,  988 

V.  Harper,  1326 

V.  Nevin,  241a 

ti.  Scott,  915 

V.  Wittich,  762 
Merritt  &  C.  D.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Chubb, 

597a 
Merritt  &  C.  D.  &  W.  Co.,  In  re,  589 
Merriweather  v.  Taylor,  656 
Merrow  v.  Huntoon,  657,  661 

V.  R.  R.,  1163 
Merryman  v.  Criddle,  313a 
Merzbach  v.  Mayor,  673e 
Meserve  v.  Ammidon,  2796,  734 
Meservey  v.  Snell,  982,  983 
Meshke  v.  Van  Doren,  467,  509 
Messenger    v.    Manhattan    Raihroad, 
1191 

V.  Pratt,  762 
Messer  v.  Bailey,  531,  535 

V.  Oestreich,  975,  981 
Messmore  v.  New  York  S.  &  L.  Co., 

161,  740 
Metcalf  V.  Baker,  180,  226/,  483,  1325 

V.  Stryker,  554 

V.  Young,  883 

V.  Watertown,  City  of,  335 
Metge  V.  Kavanagh,  999A 
Methodist  Church  v.  Barker,  681a 
Metier  v.  Easton  &  A.  R.  R.,  331a, 

1151 
Metropolitan  Bank  v.  Times-Democrat 

Pub.  Co.,  1025 
Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  v.  Mc- 
Carthy, 1090,  1093,  1094,  1096,  1097 
Metropolitan  Coal  Co.  v.  Boutell  T.  & 

T.  Co.,  842 
Metropolitan  E.  Ry.  v.  Kneeland,  256 

V.  Dominick,  1209 
Metropolitan  Nat.  Bank  v,  Gommercial 
State  Bank,  3406 


are  to  sections] 

Metropolitan  St.  Ry.  v.  Kennedy,  489a 

V.  O'Neill,  1372 
Metropolitan  Trust  Co.  v.  Toledo,  St. 

L.  &  K.  C.  R.  R.,  851 
Metropolitan  Water  Works  ».  Owen 

McCarthy,  1121 
Metropolitan  West  Side  Elevated  R. 
R. ...  GoU,  1121, 1163 

V.  Johnson,  1154 

V.  Siegel,  1157 

V.  Stickney,  1138 
Mette  V.  Dow,  959,  961 
Metzger  v.  Brincat,  999 
Metzner  v.  Graham,  547 
Meux  V.  Eastern  Ry.,  873 
Mevs  V.  Conover,  1230,  1231 
Mexican  Cent.  Ry.  v.  De  Rosear,  856 

V.  Gehr,  1337 
Mexican  Nat.  R.  R.  v.  Finch,  1367 
Meyer  v.  Bohlfing,  386,  446 

V.  Burlington,  1148 

t).  Dresser,  1068 

V.  Estes,  410 

V.  Fagan,  565c,  682 

V.  Hallock,  655a 

V.  Hart,  1372 

V.  Haven,  166,  648a 

V.  Standard  Tel.  Co.,  933 
Meyer  Bros.  Drug.  Co.  v.  McKinney, 

161 
Meyer,  Wilson  &  Co.  v.  Everett  P.  &  P. 

Co.,  762 
Meyers  v.  Block,  685 

V.  Syndicate  H.  &  P.  Co.,  1353 

V.  U.  S.,  681o,  692d 
Meylert  v.  Gas  Consumers'  Ben.  Co., 

182,  607 
Meysenburg  v.  Schlieper,  &S5h 
Miamisburg  Twine  &  Cordage  Co.  v. 

Wohlhuter,  762  e 
Michael  v.  Hart,  228^,  508a,  636a 

V.  Mills,  975 
Michaels  v.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  119, 

119a 
Michal  Itschke  v.  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co., 

851 
Michand  v.  Grace  H.  L.  Co.,  83 
Michel  V.  Board  of  Supervisors,  1203 

V.  Monroe  Co.,  948 
Michigan  &  0,  P,  Co,  v.  White,  341 


2956 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Michigan  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  Burrows,  119 

V.  Carrow,  873 

V.  Curtis,  119 

V.  Osmus,  852 
Michigan  L.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Deer  Lake  Co., 

930o,  933 
Michigan  Paving  Co.  v.  Detroit,  614 
Michigan  S.  &  N.  I.  R.  R.  v.  Caster, 
844,  846 

V.  McDonough,  1291 

V.  Turrill,  1231,  1244 
Mickle  V.  Miles,  61,  990a 
Mickles  v.  Hart,  103 
Middlekauff  v.  Smith,  190,  209,  220, 

999A 
Middleton  v.  Bryan,  532 

V.  Caldwell,  692a 

V.  Jerdee,  109 

V.  Moore,  36  Mo.  App.  627;  676 

0.  Moore,  2  ch.  169;  301c 

V.  Nichols,  473 
Midland  V.  R.  R.  v.  Hoffman  Coal  Co., 

843a 
Midland  R.  R.  v.  Trevarthen,  1154c 
Mifflin  Bridge  Co.  v.  Juniata  County, 

1173 
Mighell  V.  Stone,  473 
Mihalyik  v.  Klein,  461 
Mihills  M.  Co.  V.  Day,  156 
Milage  v.  Woodward,  667 
Milan,  The,  588 
Milbank  v.  Dennistown,  524 

V.  Dennistoun,  316,  822 
Milburn  v.  Beach,  363a 

V.  Belloni,  164a,  199,  766 

V.  Thirty-Five  Thousand  Boxes  of 

Oranges  &  Lemons,  324 
Mildmay  v.  Methuen,  289 
Mildmay's  Case,  964 
Miles  V.  Bacon,  304,  801 

V.  Barrows,  1328 

V.  Barton,  89 

V.  Edwards,  237,  685fc 

V.  Elkin,  1042 

V.  Harrington,  448c 

V.  Miller,  734 

V.  Walther,  77 

V.  Walker,  458 
Milford  V.  Bangor,  R.  &  E.  Co.,  164 

V.  Mayor,  700 


Milhous  V.  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  152 
Milk  V.  Waite,  806 
Milkman  v.  Ordway,  1256f2 
Mill  V.  Watson,  1012o 
Millar  v.  Hilliard,  617,  753 
Millard  v.  Brown,  383 

V.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  R.  R.,  873 
Miller  v.  Aldrich,  762 

V.  Ashcraft,  1336 

V.  Asheville,  1128 

V.  B.  &  O.  S.  W.  R.  R.,  43fe 

V.  Ballard,  627 

V.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  864 

V.  Bank  of  Orleans,  3406 

V.  Barber,  257,  777 

V.  Billington,  310 

V.  Boone  County,  1354 

V.  Boot  &  Shoe  Co.,  666 

V.  Bryden,  533 

V.  Burroughs,  325 

V.  Canton,  1355 

V.  Collyer,  1023 

V.  Comwell,  1256/ 

V.  David,  444 

V.  Donovan,  364 

V.  Dorsey,  377 

V.  E.  &  W.  V.  R.  R.,  1165c 

V.  Edison  E.  I.  Co.,  948 

V.  Edwards,  330 

V.  Erie  R.  R,,  1351 

V.  Fano,  464 

V.  Ferry,  682 

V.  Fulton,  931 

V.  Gaither,  1040 

V.  Garling,  226c 

V.  Garrett,  236,  68Sm,  691c 

V.  Georgia  R.  &  B.  Co.,  857 

V.  Hahn,  615,  642 

V.  HaU,  330 

V.  Halsey,  959,  979 

V.  Hammers,  377o,  1254 

V.  Hartford  &  S.  O.  Co.,  977 

V.  Hayes,  641a 

V.  Henry,  911 

V.  Ingram,  909o 

V.  Jannett,  495 

V.  Johnson,  449,  1328 

V.  Jones,  538 

V.  Kempner,  331 

V.  Kerr,  448(i 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2957 


[References 

Miller  v.  King,  864 

V.  Kingsbury,  789 

0.  Kirby,  363 

V.  Laubach,  940 

V.  Letherington,  717 

V.  Levy,  6336 

V.  Loncao,  614 

V.  Lux,  3116 

«.  McCardell,  991 

V.  McCormick     Harvesting     Ma- 
chine Co.,  305 

V,  Macoupin  County,  692e 

V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  1364 

V.  Mariners'  Church,  201,  209 

V.  Melchor,  901 

V.  Metz,  1022 

e.  Miller,  921 

».  Miller  Knitting  Co.,  795 

V.  Moore,  3  Humph.  189;  692c 

V.  Moore,  111  S.  W.  750;  106,  109 

V.  Morris,  999j 

V.  Myers,  911,  912 

V.  Neale,  933 

V.  Newark,  1160a 

V.  New  York,  City  of,  1348 

V.  Nichols,  676 

V.  Rambo,  363,  364,  373 

V.  Rhoades,  684a 

V.  Rhodes,  341 

V.  Richardson,  671 

V.  Rosea,  638a 

V.  Rosier,  638,  641o 

V.  Roy,  47 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  125o 

V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1347 

V.  Smith,  112  Mass.  475;  762 

V.  Smith,  1  Mason,  437;  1060 

V.  Smythe,  209 

V.  Stem,  734 

V.  Sullivan,  991,  992 

V.  Ward,  611 

V.  Welhnan,  933 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  895 

V.  WhitBon,  533 

V.  Windsor  Water  Co.,  1142,  .1169 

p.  Woodfall,  719 

V.  Zeimer,  777  ,, 
Milles  V.  Milles,  636? 
Millhous  V.  R.  R.,  862 
Milligan  v.  Nelson,  685 


are  to  sections] 

Milligan  v.  Owen,  834c 

V.  Wedge,  810 
Milliken  v.  Sloat,  270 
Millikin  v.  Smoot,  85c 
Milliman  ;;.  Oswego  &  Syracuse  R.  R., 

1288 
Millington  v.  Loring,  639 
Millington  v.  O'DeU,  908 
MiUirons  v.  Dillon,  777 
Millisack  v.  Moore,  301a 
Milhhore  v.  Boston  Elevated  Ry.,  486 
Mills  V.  Allen,  692a 

V.  Bell,  959 

t).  Catlin,  976 

».  East  London  Union,  999^ 

».  Garrison,  836 

V.  Geer,  912,  915,  917 

V.  Hall,  35 

V.  Hass,  310 

V.  Jefferson,  346 

V.  Joiner,  6736 

V.  Larrance,  1327 

V.  Mills,  301c 

V.  Paul,  643 

V.  Place,  3406 

V.  St.  Clair  County  Comrs.,  1173 

V.  Saunders,  339a,  968,  979 

V.  Spencer,  451 

V.  Taylor,  361 

V.  Wibnington  City  Ry.,  1309 
Millspaugh  V.  Potter,  480a 
Milltown  L.  Co.  v.  Carter,  502 
Milne  v.  Rempublicam,  304 
Milner  &  Kettig  Co.  v.  DeLeach  Mill. 

Mfg.  Co.,  492a 
Milsom  V.  Hajrward,  285 
Miltimore  ».  Bottom,  689,  689a 
Miltpn  V.  Blackshear,  308 

V.  Rowland,  762 
Milwaukee  &  Mississippi  R.  R.  v.  Eble, 
The,  1291 

V.  Finney,  379 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Ry.  v.  Arms,  30, 

360,  368,  429 
Milwaukee  County  v.  Ehlers,  692c 
Mims  V.  McDowell,  797 
Minard  v.  Beans,  282,  1012a 
Minds  V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  843a 
Mine  &  Smelter  Supply  Co.  v.  Parke  & 
Lacy  Co.,  47  C.  C.  A.  34;  308 


2958 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Mine  &  Smelter  Supply  Co.  v.  Parke  & 

Lacy  Co.,  107  Fed.  881;  310 
Mine  Hill  &  S.  H.  Railroad  v.  Lippiri- 

cott,  620 
Mine  Supply  Co.  v.  Columbia  Min.  Co., 

165 
Mineola,  The,  1348 
Miner  v.  Blume,  742 

V.  Tagert,  623,  817 
Mineralized  Rubber  Co.  v.  Cleburne, 

537 
Minesinger  v.  Kerr,  448c 
Minick  v.  Troy,  486 
Mining  Co.  v.  Hertin,  499 
Minkwitz  v.  Steen,  537 
Minneapolis  &  S.  L.,  etc.,  Ry.  v.  Beck- 

with,  377a 
Minneapolis  Baseball  Co.  i>.  City  Bank, 

999/ 
Minneapolis  Harvester  Works  ».  Bon- 

nallie,  3146,  762 
Minneapolis  S.  P.  R.  &  D.  E.  T.  Co.  v. 
Friendshuh,  11716 
V.  Harkins,  1149 
Minneapolis  T.  M.  Co.  v.  McDonald, 
753 
V.  Regier,  458 
Minnesota  Cent.  R.  R.  v.  McNamara, 

1148 
Minnesota  H.  W.  v.  Bonnallie,  762 
Minnesota  M.  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Link  12866 
Minnesota  V.  R.  R.  v.  Doran,  1148 

1165 
Minnie,  The,  589 
Minor  v.  Beveridge,  512,  828 
V.  Mead,  692j 
V.  The  Picayune,  592,  593 
V.  Steamboat  Picayune,  No.  2,  175 
Minot  V.  Doherty,  1255 
Minter  v.  Bradstreet  Co.,  364 

V.  Pennsylvania,  873 
Minton  v.  N.  Y.  E.  R.  R.,  1194 
Minturn  v.  Columbian  Ins.  Co.,  712 
Mischke  v.  Baughn,  961,  975 
Mississippi  &  R.  R.  B.  C6.  v.  Patterson, 
253,  1171o,  1171e,  1178 
V.  Prince,  136,  164,  199 
Mississippi  &  T.  R.  R.  v.  Gill,  864 
Mississippi  C.  0.  Co.  v.  Smith,  581 
Mississippi  C.  R.  R.  v.  Kennedy,  850 


Mississippi  C.  R.  R.  v.  Magee,  91 
Mississippi  Cotton  Oil  Co.  d.  Smith,  581 
Mississippi  Mills  v.  Meyer,  60,  493a 
Mississippi  Mills  Co.  v.  Smith,  947 
Mississippi  M.  I.  Co.  v.  Ingram,  720 
Mississippi  R.  B.  Co.  v.  Ring,  1140 
Mississippi  R.  L.  Co.  v.  Page,  934 
Mississippi  R.  R.  v.  McDonald,  1148 
Mississippi  &  T.  R.  R.  v.  Gill,  361 
Missouri  &  I.  C.  Co.  v.  Consolidated 

C.  Co.,  762 
Missouri  Edison  Electric  Co.  v.  M.  J. 

Steinberg  Hat  &  Fur  Co.,  423 
Missouri  Furnace  Co.  v.  Cochran,  636/, 

734,  737,  741 
Missouri,  K.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Schmuck, 

1154 
Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Allen,  87  S. 
W.  168;  852 

V.  Allen,  53  Tex.  Civ.  App.  433; 
1363 

V.  Bailey,  1354 

V.  Ball,  47,  1342 

V.  Belcher,  159 

V.  Briscoe,  1348 

V.  Brown,  1270o,  1357 

V.  Byas,  864 

V.  Calkins,  1123 

V.  Chambers,  1354 

V.  Carpenter,  854 

t).  Chilton,  942 

V.  Cook,  8  Tex.  Civ.  App.  376; 
1270a 

V.  Cook,  12  Tex.  Civ.  App.  203; 
1364 

V.  Couch,  937 

V.  Crews,  251 

1).  Dalton,  1360 

V.  Dement,  251a 

V.  Dunbar,  1354 

V.  Edling,  1270o 

V.  Elliott,  685i 

V.  Farris,  1354,  1360 

V.  Flood,  70  S.  W.  331;  214a 

V.  Flood,  79  S.  W.  1106;  67o 

V.  Fort  Scott,  194,  606a,  619,  629 

V.  Fowler,  171o 

V.  Fry,  854 

V.  Gaines,  1342 

V.  Gilbert,  937 


TABLE 

OF  CASES                       ^yoy 

[References 

are  to  sections] 

Missouri  K.  &  T.  Ry.  v. 

Goode,  937o 

Missouri  K  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Stone,  1363 

V.  Graham,  95,  932 

V.  Thomas,  1350 

V.  Grofeeclose,  459 

V.  Tolbert,  932,  942 

V.  Hagan,  226o 

V.  Truskett,  2  Ind.  Terr.  633;  318 

V.  Haines,  1149 

V.  Truskett,  104  Fed.  728;  854 

V.  Harriman,  844 

V.  Vandiver,  856a 

V.  Harris,  138  S.  W. 

1085 

;  852 

V.  Wall,  1367 

V.  Harris,  101  S.  W. 

506; 

1356 

V.  Wasson  Bros.,  246 

V.  Hauer,  1357 

V.  Weaver,  41,  47,  180,  226/,  481, 

V.  Hawley,  1354 

485,  1326 

V.  Hay,  1350 

V.  Webb,  854 

V.  Hennesey,  226j 

V.  WilUams,  1367 

V.  Hines,  581 

V.  Willis,  226i 

V.  Hopkins,  854 

V.  Witherspoon,  38  S.  W.  833;  842 

V.  Holman,  67 

V.  Witherspoon,  45  S.  W.  424;  842 

V.  Hopson,  924 

V.  Woods,  844 

V.  Huff,  1359 

V.  Zweiner,  1307 

V.  Johnson,  1348 

Missouri,  K.  &  T.  T.  Co.  v.  Clark,  313 

V.  Kirkland,  1357 

Missouri  Pacific  R.  R.  v.  Fox,  335 

V.  Kyser,  852 

V.  Peru- Van  Zandt  Implement  Co., 

«.  Lasater,  1303 

850 

V.  T,inton,  109  S.  W.  942;  171a, 

V.  Richmond,  380 

1261 

t).  Scammon,  856 

V.  Linton,  126  S.  W. 

678; 

47 

V.  Wemwag,  1151 

V.  T,inton,  141  S.  W. 

129; 

1307 

Missouri  Pac.  Ry.  v.  Aiken,  1350 

V.  Lycan,  933 

V.  Behee,  1335 

V.  McDowell,  932 

V.  Dwyer,  1330 

V.  McDuffey,  1367 

V.  Groesbeck,  872,  873a 

V.  McGlamory,  1306 

I).  Haynes,  191 

«.  McLaughlin,  1367 

V.  Hays,  1164 

V.  Malone,  110  S.  W 

\958 

1;  1348 

V.  Henry,  1367 

V.  Malone,  126  S.  Yi 

.936 

i;  942 

V.  Houseman,  924 

V.  Mitchell,  1342 

V.  Humes,  360 

V.  Moore,  852 

V.  Kaiser,  82,  865 

V.  Morgan,  865 

V.  Lee,  576 

V.  Pfluger,  937a 

V.  Lehmberg,  1367 

V.  Parker,  1359 

V.  Mackey,  1356 

V.  Perry,  1154c 

V.  Martino,  486 

V.  Price,  1356 

V.  Peay,  1334 

V.  Rains,  67a 

V.  Porter,  1171 

V.  Raney,  127a 

V.  Russell,  854 

V.  Redus,  1356 

V.  Shuford,  368 

V.  Rich,  852 

V.  Texas  Pacific  Ry.,  1347 

V.  Riverhead  Farm, 

937 

Missouri  River,  F.  S.  &  G.  R.  R.  v. 

V.  Rodgers,  1354 

Owen,  1148 

V.  Roe,  253 

Missouri  R.  P.  Co.  v.  Hannibal  &  St. 

V.  Rogers,  4Sh 

J.  R.  R.,  435a,  438 

V.  St.  Clair,  485a 

Missouri  R.  R.  v.  Haines,  1149 

V.  Smith,  865 

Missouri  V.  B.  &  I,  Co.  v.  Ballard, 

V.  Steinberger,  933 

1306 

2960 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Missouri  Valley  L.  Ins.  Co.  ».  Kelso, 

106,  730 
Mitchell  V.  Baker,  752 

V.  Barry,  99,  101 

V.  Billingsley,  363o,  930,  933 

V.  Broadway  &  S.  A.  Ry.,  1348, 
1355 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  181 

V.  Clarke,  168 

V.  Corbin,  565a 

«.  Cornell,  194,  958 

V.  Darley  Main  Colliery  Co.,  93a, 
925 

V.  Davies,  459 

V.  Denbo,  684 

V.  Freedley,  913 

V.  Gile,  611 

V.  Harmony,  334 

V.  Hawley,  237,  685fc 

V.  Hazen,  966,  981 

ti.  Kelsey,  324 

V.  Laurens,  692 

V.  Libby,  1348 

V.  Metropolitan  Railroad,  1208 

V.  Metropolitan  El.  Ry.,  1206 

V.  Milbank,  1279 

V.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  1367 

V.  Pinckney,  769 

V.  Printup,  4946 

».  Railroad,  1140 

V.  Robinson,  372,  1328 

t).  Rochester  Ry.,  43d,  i3h 

V.  Rome,  1177 

V.  Rowley,  762 

V.  St.  Paul  G.  F.  I.  Co.,  722 

V.  Shuert,  107d,  819 

V.  Stanley,  970 

V.  Stetson,  565 

V.  Tacoma  R.  &  M.  Co.,  1354, 1358 

V.  Thornton,  1148 

V.  Toale,  667 

V.  United  Rys.,  1342 

V.  Waring,  279c 

V.  Weir,  854 

V.  Woods,  70 
Mitchiner  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  895 
Mix  V.  Kepner,  533 

V.  Lafayette,  B.  &  M.  R.  R.,  1149, 

1165 
.  Miller,  d08a 


Mix  V.  Singleton,  688a 

V.  Woodward,  446 
Mixed  Moneys,  Case  of,  267 
Mixon  V.  Miles,  1256A 
Mize  V.  Glenn,  107d 

V.  Rocky  Mountain  Bell  Tel.  Co., 
S78 
Mizell  V.  McDonald,  1275 
Mizner  v.  Frazier,  200 
Moak  V.  Johnson,  959,  985 
Moberly  v.  Alexander,  1027 

V.  Preston,  448d 
Mobila,  The,  595 
Mobile  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Ashcraft,  368 

V.  Jurey,  317,  322,  849 

V.  Gilmer,  620,  630 
Mobile  &  O.  R.  R.  v.  George,  485 

V.  Hester,  1133,  1166 

V.  Seales,  380 

V.  Watly,  573o 
Mobile  E.  L.  Co.  v.  Rust,  537 
Mobile  F.  C.  Co.  v.  Little,  683 
Mobile,  J.  &  K.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Hicks, 
1367 

V.  Kranfield,  1342 

V.  Riley,  1149 
Mobley  v.  Davega,  330 

V.  Lott,  1007 
Mobray  v.  Leckie,  334 
Mocerf  v.  Stirman,  682 
Modern  Steel  Structural  Co.  ».  Van 

Buren  County,  647o 
Modem    Woodman    Aco.    Assoc,    v. 

Shryock,  732 
Modisett  v.  McPike,  480a 
Moe  V.  Chesrown,  96 
Moellering  v.  Evans,  925,  939 
Moellman  v.  Gieze-Henselmeier  Lum- 
ber Co.,  1270 
Moers  v.  Bolton,  344 

V.  Dietz,  734 
Moffat  V.  Fisher,  944 
Moffatt  V.  Davitt,  753 

V.  Tenney,  684 
Moffatt  C.  Co.  V.  Union  P.  Ry.,  119 
Moffet  V.  Sackett,  1330 
Moffit  V.  Cavanagh,  1224 
Moffit-West  Drug  Co.  v.  Byrd,  742 
Moffitt  V.  Hereford,  257 
Moggridge  V.  Jones,  1053 


TABLE 

[References 

Mohhard  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry., 

932 
Mohawk,  The,  841 
Mohr  V.  Parmelee,  970 

V.  WetheriU,  1349 
Mohr  Hardware  Co.  v.  Dubey,  753 
Molby  V.  Johnson,  1042 
Moline  W.  P.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Nichols,  671 
MoUie  Gibson  C.  M.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Sharp, 

576 
Molway  v.  Chicago,  1355 
Momence  Stone  Co.  v.  Groves,  1356 
Monckton  v.  Pashley,  924,  931 
Mondamin  M.    Dairy  Co.   v.   Brudi, 

416 
Mondel  v.  Steel,  1038,  1072,  1073 
Mondon  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  888 
Monell  V.  Bums,  668 

V.  Holden,  1027 

V.  Northern  Cent.  R.  R.,  848 
Monitor  &  Hill,  The,  588 
Monk  V.  Cooper,  999c 
Monmouth  Park  Ass'n  v.  Wallis  Iron 
Works,  419 

V.  Warren,  413 
Monnet  v.  Merz,  834 
Monnett  v.  Sturges,  326 
Monnier  v.  New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R., 

1342 
Monongahela  Bridge  Co.  v.  Kirk,  1112 
Monongahela  Navigation  Co.  «.  Coons, 
1120 

V.  U.  S.,  1173 
Monongahela  R.  C.  C.  &  C.  Co.  v. 

Kramer,  1363 
Monongahela  Water  Co.,  In  re,  252 
Monroe  v.  Connecticut  River  Lumber 
Co.,  226ff 

V.  Gates,  926 

V.  Lattin,  195 

V.  Southern  M.  I.  Co.,  725 
Monroe  County  v.  Clarke,  Slid 
Monroe,  In  re,  243c 
Monson  &  B.  M.  Co.  v.  Fuller,  940 
Montague  v.  Hanson,  1354 
Montana  Mining  Co.  v.  St.  Louis,  M.  & 
N.  Co.,  170o,  317 

V.  St.  Louis  M.  &  M.  Co.,  685 
Montana   Postal    Tel.    Cable    Co.    v. 
Oregon  Short  Lme  R.  R.,  1149 

186 


OP  CASES  2961 

are  to  sections] 

Montana  Ry.  v.  Warren,  137  U.  S.  348; 
1295 
V.  Warren,  6  Mont.  275;  253 
Montclair  Ry.  v.  Benson,  1295 
Montefiori  v.  Montefiori,  439? 
Monteith  v.  Merchants'  D.  &  T.  Co., 
854 
V.  Merchants'  Despatch  Co.,  853 
V.  Parker,  337 
Monteleone  v.  Royal  Ins.  Co.,  723o 
Montelius  v.  Atherton,  734,  1290 
Montgomery  v.  Bousher,  325 

ti.  Buckskin  Breeches  Co.,  1286& 
V.  Gilbert,  685/ 
V.  Glasscock,  1268 
V.  Knox,  451 

V.  Lansing  C.  E.  Ry.,  1270o 
V.  Locke,  933 

V.  Maddox,  1122,  1133,  1149 
V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  965,  973 
V.  Reed,  966 
e.  Shirley,  1353 
V.  Somers,  1293 

V.  Townsend,  80  Ala.  489;  1133 
V.  Townsend,  84  Ala.  478;  1122 
V.  Tutt,  345 

V.  The  T.  P.  Leathers,  599c 
V.  Wilson,  60 
Montgomery  &  E.  Ry.  v.  Mallette,  67, 

1216 
Montgomery  &  W.  P.  R.  R.  v.  Vamer, 

1293 
Montgomery  Branch  Bank  v.  Harrison, 

325 
Montgomerie's  Brewery  Co.  v.  Blyth, 

497 
Montgomery,  City  Council  of,  v.  Town- 
send,  1164 
Montgomery  Co.  v.  Schuylkill  Bridge 
Co.,  1163,  1173 
V.  William  A.  C.  Co.,  59 
Montgomery  C.  U.  A.  Soc. ».  Harwood, 

183,  632,  999 
Montgomery  Tr.  Co.  v.  Bozeman,  1366, 

1362 
Monticello,  The,  1  Lowell,  184;  587 
Monticello,  The,  15  Fed.  474;  587 

V.  Mollison,  590,  591 
Montignani  v.   E.    V.    Crandall  Co., 
1298  / 


2962  TABLE 

[Refferences 

Montmorency    Gravel    Road    Co,    v. 

Stockton,  1165 
Montmorency  Road  v.  Rock,  1167 
Montour  R.  R.  v.  Stott,  1167 
Montriou  v.  Jeffreys,  1038 
Moody  V.  Baker,  443 

V.  Camden,  1329 

V.  Caulk,  516 

V.  Drown,  261 

V.  Leverich,  665 
•  V.  McDonald,  368 

V.  Osgood,  486 

V.  Philadelphia  &  R.  R.  R.,  346 

V.  State,  692 

V.  Whitney,  317,  502 
Alooers  v.  Gooderham,  760 
Moon  V.  Raphael,  55,  506 

V.  Story,  684 
Mooney  v.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  1203 

IK  R.  R.,  1205c 

V.  York  Iron  Co.,  650 
Moore  v.  Adam,  126o 

V.  Anderson,  406,  408 

V.  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  152 

V.  Atlanta,  aty  of,  1187 

V.  Baird,  695 

!).  Baylies,  943 

V.  Bowman,  564 

V.  Burbhfield,  1326 

V.  Cable,  909a 

V.  Calvert,  307 

V.  Carter,  657 

V.  Central  Foundry  Co.,  666 

V.  Central  R.  R.,  485a 

V.  Clay,  449 

V.  Colt,  418 

v.  Crose,  363,  364,  365 

V.  Cummings,  368 

1'.  Davidson,  324a 

V.  Davis,  134 

V.  Drinkwater,  990a 

V.  Duke,  382,  927 

v.  Dumam,  414 

V.  Felkel,  3116 

II.  Fleming,  276 

V.  Frankenfield,  959,  961 

V.  Fuller,  339 

V.  Gooch,  278 

b.  Graham,  937 

i).  Hall,  253,  944 


OF   CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Moore  v.  Harnsberger,  278 
V.  Harton,  676,  685g 
V.  Harvey,  999e 
V.  Hopkins,  637o 
V.  Hylton,  411 
V.  Kalamazoo,  219,  485(i 
V.  Keokuk  &  W.  R.  R.,  1367 
tJ.  Kepner,  536 
V.  King,  766 

V.  King,  57  Hun,  224;  766 
V.  King,  4  Tex.  Civ.   App.   397; 

493a,  506a 
V.  Lancaster,  1154c 
V.  Lassiter,  681a 
V.  Logan,  753 
V.  Love,  91 
V.  Lowrey,  684a 
V.  McKie,  964 
t'.  Mauk,  448c 
V.  Minerva,  180 
V.  Moore,  553 
t).  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  126  N.  Y. 

671;  319 
V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  130  N.  Y. 

623,  529;  1191 
V.  N.  Y.  El.  R.  R.,  15  Daly,  510; 

1205 
V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  23  N.  Y. 

Supp.  863;  101,  109,  11986 
V.  Patton,  308a,  310,  314a 
V.  Platte  County,  413 
V.  Potter,  755 
V.  PuUen,  301c,  334 
V.  Republic,  1258 
V.  Richardson,  654 
V.  Ryder,  695 
V.  Schultz,   127a,   182,  317,  363a, 

364,  366,  565c 
V.  Shaw,  531a 

V.  Smith,  931,  932,  1261,  1263 
V.  Sturm,  1345 

V.  Sun  Printing  &  P.  Co.,  420o 
V.  U.  S.,  615 

V.  United  States  F.  &  G.  Co.,  682 
V.  Vail,  956 
V.  Voughton,  288 
K.  W.  R.  Pickering  Lumber  Co., 

1348 
V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  1348 
v.  Williams,  10l2o 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2963 


[References 

Moore  v.  Winter,  86c 

Moore  Fumittire  Co.  v.  Sloane,  762 

Moorehead  v.  Davis,  774 

Moorer  v.  Andrews,  6856,  685(i 

Mooris  V.  Petero,  959,  964,  982,  983 

Moors  V.  Washburn,  303 

Moran  v.  Dover,  S.  &  R.  S.  Ry.,  171a 

V.  Hagerman,  334 

V.  Helling,  570b 

V.  McSwegan,  655& 

V.  Ross,  1135 
Moran,  The,  687 
Morange  v.  Edwards,  684 
Morawetz  v.  McGovem,  302 
Morbeck  v.  State,  692/ 
Mordecai  v.  Fireman's  Ins.  Co.,  711 
Mordente  v.  New  York  Cab  Co.,  1353 
More  V.  Deyoe,  1295 

V.  Huntington,  490 
Morehead  v.  Ander.son,  834a 
Morehouse  v.  Baker,  1042 

V.  Coinstock,  1060 

V.  Mathews,  1293 
Moreland  v.  Lawrence,  325 

V.  Metz,  988 
Morenus  v.  Crawford,  1250,  1251 
Morey  v.  King,  613 

V.  Metropolitan  G.  L.  Co.,  183 

V.  Morning  Journal  Assoc,  445 
Morford  v.  Ambrose,  295,  657 

V.  Mastin,  656 

V.  Woodworth,  930 
Morgan  v.  BamhiU,  387 

V.  Bell,  3  Wash.  554;  1006,  1010 

V.  Bell,  4  Mart.  615;  312 

V.  Bowers,  92 

V.  C.  Hager  &  Sons  H.  M.  Co.,  1348 

V.  Curley,  47,  461,  462 

V.  Duffy,  1337 

V.  Fremont  County,  1355 

V.  Gambol,  644 

V.  Gregg,  509 

V.  Hardy,  999h,  99&i 

V.  Hefler,  615 

V.  Jones,  288 

V.  Kidder,  53 

V.  Kiser,  695c 

V.  Lexington  Herald  Co.,  450,  451, 
453 

V.  Negley,  685d,  685/    ' 


are  to  sections] 

Morgan  v.  Powell,  501,  935 

V.  Reintzel,  705 

V.  Reynolds,  537 

V.  Richardson,  1036 

V.  Ross,  1328 

V.  Ryerson,  760 

V.  Smith,  970 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  573a,  578, 
1367 

V.  Stearns,  1007 

V.  United  States,  934 

V.  Valentine,  301c 

V.  Varick,  911,  914 

V.  Waters,  73 
Morgan  and  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  In 

re,  1105 
Morgan  &  Wright  v.  Sutlive  Bros.,  163 
Morgan's  Appeal,  1175 
Mori  arty  v.  Porter,  126ffi 
Morin  V.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  Ry.,  1162 
Moritz  V.  St.  Paul,  1154a 
Morley  v.  Attenborough,  774 
Morning  Journal  Assoc,  v.  Rutherford, 

377 
Morning  Light,  The,  587 
Morrell  v.  Irving  F.  Ins.  Co.,  635,  723 

V.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  618 

V.  Prieskel,  1294 
Morrill  v.  Daniel,  689a 

V.  Minneapolis  St.  Ry.,  222 

V.  Weeks,  310 
Morris  v.  Allen,  310a 

V.  Barker,  445,  451 

V.  Barrett,  611 

V.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  481,  485 

V.  Cobum,  533,  539 

V.  Cohn,  753 

V.  Coleman  County,  28  S.  W.  380; 
1143,  1151,  1164,  1165b,  1167 

V.  Coleman  Co.,  35  S.  W.  29;  331o 

V.  Cooper,  692fc 

V.  Courtney,  1028 

V.  Duane,  44Sd 

V.  Duncan,  362 

V.  Eighth  Ave.  R.  R.,  1354,  1356 

V.  Grand  Ave.  Ry.,  67 

V.  Ham,  979 

V.  Hoyt,  345 

V.  Kettle,  999c 

V.  Lachman,  447 


2964 


TABLE    OF    CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Morris  V.  Lackawanna  &  W.  V.  R.  R., 

V.  McCoy,  411,  413 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  947 

V.  New  York,  O.  &  W.  Ry.,  1363 

V.  Oregon  S.  L.  R.  R.,  1149 

V.  Phelps,  975,  977 

V.  Price,  237 

V.  Redfield,  674 

V.  Rowan,  959,  982 

V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  44,  1347 

V.  Shew,  373o 

V.  Summeri,  623,  817 

V.  Supplee,  741 

V.  Tillson,  411 

V.  Tinker,  908 

V.  Wallace,  311c 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  881 

V.  Wilbaux,  755 

V.  Wilford,  564 

V.  Williford,  565 

V.  Wilson,  419 

V.  Winchester  R.  A.  Co.,  1270 
Morris  &  E.  M.  C.  Co.  v.  Delaware,  L. 

&  W.  R.  R.,  101,  1149 
Morris    &    Essex    R.    R.    v.    State, 

1112 
Morris  Bldg.  Assoc.  No.  2  v.  Altmaier, 

692/ 
Morris  Mining  Co.  v.  Knox,  667 
Morrison  v.  American  T.  &  T.  Co.,  924a, 
933 

V.  Berkey,  799 

V.  Crawford,  60,  681 

V.  Cummings,  657,  661 

V.  Darling,  132,  240,  1019 

V.  Davis,  119,  1196,  UQd 

V.  Florio  S.  S.  Co.,  66,  852 

V.  I.  &  V.  Florio  S.  S.  Co.,  852 

V.  European  &  N.  A.  Ry.,  850 

V.  Jewell,  973 

V.  Kansas  City,  S.  J.  &  C.  B.  Ry., 
155 

V.  Lawrence,  40 

V.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  485 

V.  Lovejoy,  613,  1031 

V.  McAtee,  90,  633a 

I).  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  1364 

V.  Press  Co.,  366 


Morrison  v.  Press  Pub.  Co.,  364 

V.  Richardson,  419 

V.  Robinson,  903,  908,  910,  915 

V.  Underwood,  966,  977,  979 
Morrissey  v.  Westchester  Electric  Ry., 

1371 
Morrow  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  165 

V.  Rainey,  269 

V.  St.  Louis,  A.  &  T.  Ry.,  1143 

V.  Waterous,  98 

V.  Wheeler  &  W.  Mfg.  Co.,  457 
Morse  v.  Arnfield,  618,  646 

».  Auburn  &  S.  Ry.,  41,  481 

V.  Brackett,  762 

V.  Buffalo  Ins.  Co.,  12866 

V.  Chesapeake  &  0.  Ry.,  43/ 

V.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  Ry.,  937,  937a 

V.  Duncan,  45,  862 

V.  EUerbe,  3146 

V.  Hutchins,  777 

V.  Moore,  1060 

V.  Pesant,  857 

V.  Potter,  655/ 

V.  Rathbum,  411,  417 

t).  Rice,  324a 

V.  Shattuck,  964 

V.  Sherman,  750 

V.  Times  Republican  Printing  Co., 
448(i 
Mors-le-Blanch  v.  Wilson,  240 
Morss  V.  Elmendorf,  1021 

V.  Union  Form  Co.,  1243 
Mortimer  v.  Brunner,  999c 

V.  Mardem,  251 

V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1201 

V.  Thomas,  466,  1330 
Mortin  v.  Shoppee,  42 
Mortland  v.  Smith,  555 
Morton  v.  Burlington,  1148,  1165Z 

V.  Harrison,  633d,  656,  657 

V.  Hart,  836 

V.  McDowell,  499 

V.  Preston,  257 

V.  Pusey,  1347 

V.  Scull,  777 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Mortonville  Coal  Co.  v.  Sisk,  667 
Mosby  V.  Larue,  762 
Moseley  v.  Anderson,  251a 

V.  Hunter,  968,  969,  973,  979. 


TABLE   OP   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2965 


Moseley  v.  Jamison,  1371 

V.  Sanders,  234 
Moses  V.  Autuono,  425,  984 

V.  Bierling,  834a 

V.  Sanford,  1173 

V.  Stevens,  663,  673a 

V.  Wallace,  1016 
Mosher  v.  Hotchkiss,  803 

V.  Joyce,  1232o 
Moshier  v.  Shear,  294 
Moskovitz  V.  Lighte,  1367 
Hosier  Safe  Co.  v.  Maiden  Lane  S.  D. 

Co.,  419,  425 
Moss  V.  Exchange  Bank,  881 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1342 

V.  Pardridge,  202 

V.  St.  Louis,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1152 

V.  Smith,  717 

V.  Tompkins,  193 

V.  Wood,  678 
Mosseller  v.  Deaver,  373 
Mote  V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  317 
Mott  V.  Baxter,  672 

V.  Chew,  151 

V.  Hicks,  803 

V.  Hopper,  70 

V.  Hudson  R.  R.  R.,  170 

V.  Lewis,  1110 

V.  Mott,  418 

V.  Palmer,  975 

V.  Penoyar,  636^ 
Moudy  V.  St.  Louis  D.  B.  &  P.  Co., 

1347 
Mould  V.  The  New  York,  587 
Moulding  v.  Wilhartz,  680,  692c,  692e 
Moulton  V.  Chapin,  106 

V.  McOwen,  657 

I/.  Newburyport  Water  Co.,  1171e 

V.  Richardson,  685o 

V.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  Ry.,  851 

V.  Sanford,  124 

V.  Scruton,  762 

V.  Water  Co.,  1149,  1162 
Mounson  v.  Redshaw,  301 
Mount  V.  Chapman,  334 
Mt.  Adams  &  E.  P.  I.  Ry.  v.  Isaacs, 

485o 
Mt.  Sterling  v.  Crummy,  2216 
Mt.  Washington  Road  Co.,  Petition  of, 
1148 


Mountain  v.  Day,  1030 

V.  Fisher,  673a 
Mountford  v.  Gibson,  61,  1044 
Mountjoy  v.  Metzger,  636d 
Mousler  v.  Harding,  449 
Mowbray  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 
1354 

V.  Merryweather,  164a 
Mowry  v.  Bishop,  343,  345 

V.  Home  L.  Ins.  Co.,  729 

V.  Raabe,  1335 

V.  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co., 
882 

V.  Whitney,  323, 1230, 1231,  1232a, 
1234,  1236,  1237,  1243,  1244 

V.  Wood,  262 
Moyer  v.  Cantieny,  834^ 

V.  Fletcher,  iUd 

V.  Gordon,  44,  44a,  47,  50,  126b, 
364,  365,  367,  383,  386,  929a, 
988a 

V.  Moyer,  451 

V.  N.  Y.  &  C.  H.  R.  R.  R.,  1182 
Moynahan  v.  Prentiss,  4926 
Moyse  v.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  485 
Moyses  v.  Schendorf,  414 
Mudd  V.  Phillips,  635,  734 

V.  Stille,  3406 
Mueller  v.  Chicago,   B.   &  N.   R.   R., 
1342 

V.  Bethesda  M.  S.  Co.,  193a,  633 

V.  Kleine,  407,  419 

V.  Kuhn,  483,  484,  486 

V.  St.  Louis  &  I.  M.  R.  R.,  924a, 
939 
Muenchow  v.  Roberts,  613, 1006,  1012 
Muenster  v.  Fields,  494c 
Muhlig  V.  Fiske,  107d,  972 
Mulcahey  v.  Givens,  1255 
Mulcaims  v.  Janesville,  580,  581 
Muldoon  V.  Rickey,  565(J 
Muldowney  v.  Illinois  C.  Ry.,  41,  47, 

226/,  481,  5706,  860 
Muldrow  V.  Agnew,  704 

V.  Norris,  185 
Mulford  V.  Clewell,  1249,  1255,  1256 

V.  Metropolitan  El.  R.  R.,  1201 
Mulhado  v.  Brooklyn  City  R.  R.,  1309 
MuUahy  v.  Dingman,  308a 
MuUally  v.  Townsend,  684 


2966 


TABLE   OF  CASE£5 
[References  are  to  sections] 


MuUaly  v.  Austin,  636ff 
Mullen  V.  Cook,  1006,  1010 
MuUenary  v.  Burton,  308a 
MuUer  v.  Barker,  1331 

V.  Eno,  761,  762 

V.  Fern,  685e 

V.  Gillick,  660,  662 

V.  Ooala  F.  &  M.  Works,  155 

V.  Ry.,  1135 

V.  Southern  Pacific  Branch  R.  R., 
1151 
Mullett  V.  Challis,  557 

V.  Mason,  125,  769 
Mulligan  v.  Smith,  302a 
Mulliken  v.  State,  6926 
Mullin  V.  Spangenberg,  385,  490 
Mulliner  v.  Florence,  493 
Mulvane  v.  Tullock,  685y 
Mulverhill  v.  Thompson,  941 
Mulvey  v.  King,  1052 
Muncie  N.  G.  Co.  v.  Allison,  1110 
Mimcie  Pulp  Co.  v.  Martin,  948 
Munday  v.  Landry,  487a 
Mundy  v.  Culver,  416 
Munford  v.  Rice,  692(i 
Munger  v.  Jacobson,  301o 
Munier  v.  Zachary,  999J; 
Munkwitz  v.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1161 
Munn  V.  Commission  Co.,  704 
Munnerlyn  v.  Alexander,  682 
Munro  v.  Butt,  656 

V.  Pacific  C.  D.  &  R.  R.,  573a,  575, 
578 
Munroe  v.  Allaire,  676 

V.  Armstrong,  506a 

V.  Gates,  99 

V.  Stickney,  99,  940 
Munsie  v.  Lindsay,  304 
Munson  v.  James  Smith  W.  M.  Co.,  742 

V.  McGregor,  1007 

V.  Munson,  53 

V.  Plummer,  311e 

V.  Straits  of  Dover  I.  S.  Co.,  599o 

V.  Straits  of  Dover  S.  S.  Co.,  629 
Munson,  Matter  of,  1160 
Munster  v.  Fields,  565a 
Munter  v.  Bande,  382 

V.  Rogers,  270 
Murdock  v.  Boston  &  Albany  R.  R.,  42, 
150,  868,  871 


Murdock  v.  Jones,  163 

V.  New  York  &  B.  D.  E.  Co.,  485a 
V.  Phillips  Academy,  665 
V.  Walker,  126e 
Murphy  v.  American  C.  I.  Co.,  722a 
V.  Andrews,  301 
V.  Booth,  349 
V.  Central  Park,  N.  &  E.  R.  R., 

379,  380 
V.  Century  Bldg.  Co.,  988a 
V.  Chicago,  1108 
V.  Curran,  1255 

V.  Fond  du  Lac,  63,  101,  107d,  923 
V.  Hobbs,  7  Colo.  541;  358,  386 
V.  Hobbs,  8  Colo.  17;  55 
V.  Hughes,  484,  485 
V.  Larson,  3836 
V.  Lucaa,  695 
V.  McGrath,  487a 
V.  Moore,  76 

V.  New  York  City  Ry.,  2436 
».  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

573 
V.  N.  Y.  &  N.  H.  R.  R.,  29  Conn. 

277;  379 
V.  N.  Y.  &  N.  H.  R.  R.,  30  Conn. 

184;  5706 
V.  Omaha,  302 
V.  Price,  956,  959 
V.  Richardson,  973 
V.  St.  Louis,  734 
V.  Sherman,  493 
V.  Ship  Suliote,  599c 
V.  SommervUle,  686 
V.  South  St.  Paul,  1360 
V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  1216,  2216, 

860 
V.  Stout,  447 
V.  Troutman,  554 
V.  U.  S.  F.  &  G.  Co.,  419 
Murray  v.  Mtna.  Ins.  Co.,  841 

V.  Aiken  Min.  etc.,  Co.,  678,  694 

V.  Buell,  1326,  1330,  1334 

V.  Burling,  55 

V.  Brooklyn  City  Ry.,  1356 

V.  Carlin,  1046 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  1357 

V.  Doud,  753 

V.  Galbraith,  448a 

V.  Gale,  270 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2967 


Murray  v.  Gouvemeur,  915,  916 

V.  Great  Western  Co.,  711 

V.  Hudson  River  R.  R.,  1330, 1325, 
1357 

V.  Interurban  St.  Ry.,  485o 

V.  Jennings,  30,  762 

V.  Judah,  695 

V.  Mace,  1266,  564 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  R.  R.,  171a 

V.  Pannaci,  107a,  226c,  363,  939 

V.  Pate,  492 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  873/ 

V.  Seattle  Electric  Co.,  1353 

V.  Stanton,  250,  736 

V.  U.  S.,  599c 

V.  Ware,  314 
Murray  Co.  v.  Putnam,  767 
Murrell  v.  Dixey,  854 

V.  Whiting,  211,  227,  858 
Murry  v.  M'Mackin,  276 

V.  Meredith,  761,  762,  772 
Murtaugh  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R. 

R.  R.,  1357 
Musanti  v.  State,  1168 
Muse  V.  Swayne,  418 
Muser  v.  Holland,  851 
Musgrave  v.  Breokendorff,  514,  745 
MuBselman  v.  Barker,  637,  639,  639a 
Mussen  v.  Price,  756 
Muth  V.  Frost,  209 
Mutual  Life  Ins.  Co.  v.  Allen,  259 

V.  Hargus,  378,  380o 

V.  Heiss,  1151 
Mutual  R.  F.  L.  Assoc,  v.  Ferrenbaeb, 

730 
Mutual  Safety  Ins.  Co.  v.  Cohen,  710 

V.  The  George,  717 
Muzzy  V.  Shattick,  692/ 
Myer  v.  Davies,  1266 

V.  Hart,  407,  416 

V.  Wheeler,  5166 
Myerle  v.  United  States,  614 
Myers  v.  Baptist  Society,  669 

V.  Bolton,  304 

V.  Burns,  155,  209,  2261,  991 

V.  Charlotte,  1294 

V.  Crockett,  934^ 

V.  Estell,  1053 

V.  Fear,  1056 

V.  Malcolm,  35 


Myers  p.  Munson,  970,  983 

V.  Ralstpp,  413 

V.  San  Fraiicjaep,  3806,  584 

V.  Smith,  774 

V.  South  B.ethlejjem,  1160 

V.  Turner,  1027a 

V.  Walker,  305 

».  York  4c  C.  R.  R.,  614 
Myers  R.  S.  Co.  t>.  Gripwold,  674 
Myers,  In  re,  3116,  3Uc 
Mygatt  V.  Wilcox,  314 
Mynning  v.  Detroit,  Jj.  &  N.  R.  R., 
S73a 

N 

N.  K.  Fairbank  Co.  v.  Jilicolaj,  ^47 
N.  N.  &  N.  V.  Pp.  V.  Walter,  ^357 
Nading  p.  Deni^on  &  P.  S.  Ry.,  925 

V.  Howe,  825 
Nafe  ti.  Hudson,  363a 
Nagle  V.  Cohn,  134^ 

V.  Keller,  378 

V.  MulUson,  365,  373o,  387 
Naglee  v.  Ingejaol},  307,  999a 
Nailor  ti.  Kearney,  676 

V.  Ponder,  445,  451 
Nance  V.  Patterson  Buildipg  Co.,  ^60 
Nansemofl:d  Tiipher  Co.  v.  Rountree, 

685a,  6856 
Nantz  V.  Lober,  3406 
Napiear  v.  Brooklyn  Hei^tts  R.  R.,  1355 

V.  Schneider,  7Q0 

V.  Spielmann,  633 
Naptop  V-  Leaton,  909,  918 
Narragansett,  The,  196,  580,  592,  593, 

596 
Naschold  V.  Westport,  1123 
Nash  V.  Copeland,  873a 

V.  El  Dorado  Coijnty,  327 

II.  Hermosilla,  413 

t).  Hoxie,  613,  614 

V.  Larson,  537 

V.  Minnesota  T.  I.  .<&  T.  Co.,  1027 

V.  Noble,  60 

V.  Thousand  Islands  S.   B.  Co., 
618 

V.  Towne,  733a 

t).  Sharpe,  180 

«.  Sullivan,  908,  909a,  914 


2968 


TABLE   OP  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Nashua  &  Lowell  R.  R.  v.  Boston  & 

Lowell  R.  R.,  340a,  1256J; 
Nashua  Iron  &  Steel  Co.  v.  Brush,  156, 

762 
Nashua  Sav.  Bank  v.  Burlington  Elec- 
tric Lighting  Co.,  778 
Nashville  v.  Comar,  91 

V.  Sutherland,  2266,  22&d,  1110 
Nashville  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Chumley,  1042 
V.  Prince,  5706 
V.  Smith,  1326 
V.  Stames,  379,  380 
V.  Stevens,  673o 
Nashville  &  K.  T.  Co.  v.  Harris,  1039 
Nashville,  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry.  v.  Kaithaus, 
935 
V.  Miller,  67 
Nashville  v.  First  Nat.  Bank,  346 
NashviUe  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Mathews,  730 
Nashville  Lumber  Co.  v.  Barefield,  534 
Nashville  St.  Ry.  v.  Griffin,  363o 
Nason  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Stephens,  655 
Natcher,  The,  597a 

Natchez  C.  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Lambert,  864a 
Natchez  Ins.  Co.  v.  Buckner,  729 
Natchitoches  v.  Redmond,  303 
Nathan  v.  Leland,  89 
National  A.  &  I.  Assoc,  v.  Best,  789 
National  Bank  v.  Green,  695 
V.  Heard,  334 
V.  Rush,  494 
National  Bank  of  Conmierce  v.  New 
Bedford,   155   Mass.  313;  242, 
243,  1171d 
V.  New  Bedford,  175  Mass.  257; 
636e 
National  Bank  of  111.  v.  Baker,  688a 
National  C.  B.  S.  Co.  v.  Terre  Haute 

C.  &  Mfg.  Co.,  1231 
National  Cash  Register  Co.  v.  Ague, 
533 
V.  Schmidt,  753 
National  Casket  Co.  v.  Powar,  368 
National  Coffee  Palace  Co.,  In  re,  836 
National  Coke  Co.  ».  Cincinnati  G. 

C.  C.  &  M.  Co.,  770 
National  Contracting  Co.  v.  Hudson 

River  W.  P.  Co.,  643 
National  Copper  Co.  v.  Minn.  Mining 
Co.,  92 


National  D.  &  N.  J.  J.  C.  Ry.  v.  Penn- 
sylvania R.  R.,  3406 
National  Docks  Co.  v.  State,  1152 
National  Exchange  Bank  v.  Hartford, 
P,  &  F.  R.  R.,  346 
V.  McLoon,  836 
National  F.  B.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Elsas,  1220 

V.  Robertson,  1229 
Natural  F.  O.  Co.  v.  Citizens'  Ins.  Co., 

724 
National  Fibre  Board  Co.  v.  Lewiston 

&  A.  Electric  Light  Co.,  182 
National  Handle  Co.  v.  Huffman,  1031 
National  L.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Rockland  Co., 

673e 
National  Lancers  v.  Lovering,  308 
National  M.   B.   Assoc,  v.  Conkling, 

692a 
National  M.  E.  B.  Co.  v.  Gotham,  774 
National  Mahaiwe  Bank  v.  Hand,  80 
Hun,  584;  623 
V.  Hand,  89  Hun,  329;  999i 
National  O.  L.  Co.  v.  Armoiu'-Cudahy 

Packing  Co.,  1060 
National  Provincial  Bank  of  England 

V.  Marshall,  418,  426 
National  Sav.  Bank  v.  Ward,  120 
National  Society  of  U.  S.  Daughters  of 

1812  V.  American  Surety  Co.,  685j 
National  Steamship  Co.  v.  Tugman, 

334 
National  Surety  Co.  v.  Mabry,  1337 
V.  Townsend  B.  &  C.  Co.,  648o 
National  W.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Toomy,  739 
National  Waterworks  Co.  ti.  Kansas 

City,  1173 
Nations  v.  Cudd,  665 
Naugatuck  R.  R.  v.  Waterbury  Button 

Co.,  846 
Nauman  v.  Caldwell,  509 
Nautilus,  The,  587,  589 
Navailles  v.  Dielmann,  1348 
Nave  V.  Berry,  999j 

V.  Gross,  762 
Navone  v.  Haddon,  710 
Naylor  v.  Parker,  1022 
V.  Schenck,   1048 
Neafie  v.  Hoboken  P.  &  P.  Co.,  448a 
Neal  V.  Brockham,  334 
V.  Freeman,  305,  311a 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2969 


[References 
Neal  V.  Keel,  305 

V.  Pender-Hyman  Hardware  Co., 
153,  742 

V.  Taylor,  685fl' 

V.  Wilmington  R.  R.,  574a 
Neale  v.  Hagthrop,  909a 

V.  Smith,  618 

V.  Wyllie,  1000 
Nearing  v.  Hathaway,  440 
Nearns  v.  Harbert,  667 
Neary  v.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  1367 
Neblett  v.  MeGraw,  419 
Nebraska  City  v.  Campbell,  482o,  485a 

V.  Northcutt,  70 
Nebraska  Bridge  S.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Owen 

Conway  &  Sons,  636j 
Neeb  v.  Hope,  364,  387 

V.  McMillan,  531,  533 
Needham  v.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  671e 

V.  Wellesley,  314 
Neel  V.  Clay,  734,  746 
Neese  v.  Radford,  565c 
Neff  V.  Cameron,  1216 

0.  Clute,  708 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  932 
Neff,  In  re,  636d 
Negley  v.  Cowell,  932,  936 

V.  Farrow,  4486 
Negus  V.  Simpson,  317 
Negus,  In  re,  789,  795 
Neher  v.  Hansen,  777 
Neil  V.  Bank,  334 

V.  Cunningham  Store  Co.,  765 
Neil,  The,  587 
Neiler  v.  Kelley,  514 
Neill  V.  Neill,  311d 
Neilson  v.  Albert  Lea,  685i 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  1148, 
1293 
Neiswanger  v.  Squier,  998 
Nellis  V.  Cramer,  451 

V.  Lathrop,  999d 
Nelms  V.  Hill,  436 
Nelson  v.  A.  H.  Stange  Co.,  1359 

V.  Belmont,  717 

V.  Big  Blackfoot  Mining  Co.,  933 

V.  Blackfoot  Milling  Co.,  932 

V.  Brandford  Lighting,  etc.,  Co., 
1367 

V.  Bromley,  1352 


are  to  sections] 

Nelson  v.  Cartmel,  302o 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  119 

V.  Churchill,  933 

V.  Crawford,  43h 

V.  Danielson,  1328 

V.  Felder,  334 

V.  First  Nat.  Bank,  706 

V.  Gray,  692 

V.  Hatch,  607 

V.  Hirsch  &  S.  I.  R.  R.,  314 

V.  Hirschberg,  753 

V.  Hunter,  1249,  1255 

V.  Iron,  etc.,  Co.,  312 

V.  J.  H.  Winchell  &  Co.,  1246c 

V.  Johnson,  1040 

V.  King,  261 

V.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  578, 
1367 

V.  Loder,  3406 

V.  Mather,  69 

V.  Matthews,  959,  975 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  171a,  486 

V.  Morgan,  822 

V.  Plimpton  F.  P.  E.  Co.,  842 

V.  Oregon  Ry.  &  N.  Co.,  1332 

V.  Suffolk  Ins.  Co.,  718 

V.  Wallace,  451 

V.  West  Duluth,  932 

V.  Western  Steam  Nav.  Co.,  226o 
Neosho  City  Water  Co.  v.  Neosho,  293, 

337 
Nesbit  V.  Independent  Dist.,  346 
Nesbitt  V.  Moore,  497c 

V.  St.  Paul  L.  Co.,  934 
Nessle  v.  Reese,  426 
Netherland  A.  S.  N.  Co.  v.  Hollander, 

486c 
Netter  v.  Louisville  Ry.,  1368 

V.  Trenton  W.  B.  Works,  753 
Nettles  V.  South  Carolina  R.  R.,  854 
Nettleton  v.  Caryl,  1025 
Neu  V.  McKechnie,  377a,  1254,  1255 
Neuer  v.  MetropoUtan  St.  Ry.,  1342 
Nevada  Co.  v.  Hicks,  334,  337 
Neves  v.  Costa,  462,  463 
Neville  v.  Frost,  659 
Nevin  v.  Pullman  P.  C.  Co.,  873o 
Nevins  v.  Bay  State  Steamboat  Co., 
873 

V.  Nevins,  1271 


2970 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


[References 

Nevins  v.  Rockingham  M.  F.  I.  Co., 

302 
New  Albany  R.  R.  v.  O'DaUey,  1115 
New  Brighton  v.  Piersol,  1154c 
New  Britain  v.  New  Britain  Tel.  Co., 

416a 
New  Domain  O.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Feeley,  614 
New  Dunderberg  Mining  Co.  v.  Old, 

317 
New  England  Furniture  &  Carpet  Co. 

V.  Bryant,  689 
New    Eng.    Mortg.    Security    Co.    i;. 

Vader,  346 
New  England  R.  R.  v.  Carnegie  Steel 

Co.,  340a 
New  Hampshire  Iron  Factory  Co.  v. 

Richardson,  664 
New  Haven  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Hayden,  240, 

607,  629,  1007 
New  Haven  Bank  ».  Miles,  686 
New  Haven  S.  B.  Co.  v.  Mayor  of  New 

York,  136,  226d,  589,  593 
V.  Vanderbilt,  196 
New   Holland   T.    Co.    v.    Lancaster 

County,  677 
New  Home  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Seago,  677 
New  Jersey,  The,  592,  594 
New  Jersey  Exp.  Co.  v.  Nichols,  32  N. 
J.  L.  166;  226/ 
V.  Nichols,  33  N.  J.  L.  434;  180, 
181 
New  Jersey  I.  &  I.  R.  R.  v.  Tutt,  1164, 

1166 
New  Jersey  School  Furniture  Co.  v. 

Board  of  Education,  106 
New  Market  Co.  v.  Embry,  164,  742a 
New  Milford  Water  Co.  v.  Watson, 

1166a,  1175 
New  National  Turnpike  Co.  v.  Du- 

laney,  237,  685^ 
New  Orleans  v.  Fisher,  303,  344 
V.  Gaines,  904,  908,  914,  919 
V.  Warner,  302,  302o 
New  Orleans  &  N.  E.  R.  R.  v.  Shackel- 
ford, 873 
New  Orleans  D.  Co.  v.  De  Lizardi,  317 
New  Orleans  F.  J.  &  G.  I.  R.  R.  v. 

Barton,  1123 
New  Orleans,  J.  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v.  All- 

britton,  234 


are  to  sections] 

New  Orleans,  J.   &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v. 
Bailey,  380 
V.  Echols,  213,  607 
V.  Hurst,  388 
V.  Moore,  244 
V.  Moye,  1139o 
V.  Tyson,  854 
New  Orleans,  M.  &  T.  R.  R.  v.  South. 

.&  Atl.  Tel.  Co.,  109 
New  Orleans,  O.  &  G.  W.  R.  R.  v. 

Lagarde,  1139 
N.  O.,  St.  L.  &  C.  R.  R.  V.  Burke,  387 
New  Orleans  Pacific  Ry.  v.  Gay,  1139 
V.  Murrell,  34  La.  Ann.  536;  1162 
V.  Murrell,  36  La.  Ann.  344;  1139 
New  River  Company  v.  Johnson,  1091 
New  Providence  v.  McEachron,  69?^ 
New  Street  in  New  York,  In  re,  1146 
New  Westminster  v.  Brighouse,  1110 
New  York  v.  Consolidated  Gas  Co., 
1146 
V.  Mabie,  1057 
V.  Pentz,  1292,  1293 
V.  Ransom,  1215,  1234 
V.  Sands,  303 

V.  Second  Ave.  R.  R.,  618,  999h 
New  York,  The,  334,  590 
New  York,  Matter  of,  190  N.  Y.  350; 

1146 
New  York,  Matter  of,  198  N.  Y.  84; 

1168 
New  York,  Matter  of,  39  App.  Div. 

589;  1168 
New  York,  Matter  of,  54  N.  Y.  Supp. 

1066;  1151 
New  York  &  B.  Bridge,  In  re,  1156, 

1164 
New  York  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  Young,  1154a 
New  York  &  C.  M.  S.  w.  Eraser,  134a 
New  York  &  H.  R.  R.  v.  Story,  636^ 
New  York  &  N.  H.  R.  R.  v.  Ketchum, 

673e 
New  York  &  T.  S.  S.  Co.  v.  Weiss, 

246 
New  York  &  W.  P.  T.  Co.  v.  Dryburg, 
876,  878,  884 
_  New  York  Academy  of  Music  v.  Hack- 
!       ett,  167,  185,  995 
New  York  B.  Note  Co.  v.  Hamilton  B. 
N.  E.  &  P.  Co.,  312 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2971 


[References 

New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.  v. 
HastingB-on-Hudson,  685 
V.  People,  1151 
N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.,  Matter  of,  1149, 

1171,  1185 
New  York,  C.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Mush- 
brush,  1367 
V.  Rhodes,  1152a 
V.  Roe,  574 
V.  Zumbaugh,  316 
New  York  C.  I.  Co.  v.  National  Pro- 
tection I.  Co.,  728 
New  York  C.  R.  R.  v.  Loekwood,  859 
New  York  D.  D.  Co.  v.  M'lntosh,  106 
New  York  El.  R.  R.  v.  Fifth  Nat.  Bk., 

1189,  1210 
N.  Y.  El.  R.  R.,  In  re,  70  N.  Y.  327; 

1192 
New  York  El.  R.  R.,  Matter  of,  76 

Hun,  384;  1198b,  1208 
New  York  G.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Flynn,  533, 

538 
New  York,  L.  &  W.  Ry.  ».  Arnot,  1130, 

1154 
New  York,  L.  &  W.  Ry.,  Matter  of,  27 

Hun,  116;  1146,  1171 
New  York,   Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  Matter  of,  29  Hun,  3;  1199 
New  York,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.,  In  re,  49 

Hun,  539;  1160a 
New  York,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Car- 
hart,  341 
V.  Estill,  334,  852 
V.  Winter,  865 
New  York  Life  Co.  v.  Pope,  622 
New  York  L.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Seckel,  678 

».  Statham,  730 
New  York,  Mail  Steamship  Co.  v.  The 

Express,  336 
New  York  Metal  Ceiling  Co.  v.  City 

Homes  Imp.  Co.,  618,  643 
New  York  Nat.  Bank  v.  Mechanics' 

Nat.  Bank,  302a 
New  York   National  Exch.   Bank  v. 

Metropolitan  Elevated  Ry.,  1190 
New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R.  v.  An- 
sonia  L.  &  W.  P.  Co.,  315,  316 
V.  Bridgeport  Traction  Co.,  1152a 
V.  New  Haven,  1171ai 
New  York,  P.  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Jones,  942 


are  to  sections] 

New  York  Rubber  Co.  v.  Rothery,  99,. 

101,  923 
New  York  Security  &  T.  Co.  v.  Lip- 
man,  685 
V.  Lombard  Investment  Co.,  340a 
N.  Y.  State  Marine  Ins.  Co.  v.  Protec- 
tion Insurance  Co.,  728,  805 
N.  Y.  State  Monitor  Milk  Pan  Co. 

(Limited)  v.  Remington,  2126 
New   York   Transp.    Co.   ».    Garside, 

1270a 
New  York,  W.  S.  &  B.  R.  R.  v.  Le 
Fevre,  1154 
V.  Siebreeht,  114« 
V.  Bell,  101  N.  Y.  685;  1164 
V.  Bell,  28  Hun,  426;  1172 
N.  Y.,  W.  S.  &  B.  Ry.,  In  re,  29  Hun, 

646;  217,  1156,  1185,  1199 
N.  Y.,  W.  S.  &  B.  R.  R.,  Matter  of,  37 

Hun,  317;  1174 
New  Zealand  Ins.  Co.  v.  Pammoor  S. 

Co.,  301,  597a 
Newark  v.  Chestnut  Hill  Land  Co.,  99 
Newark  Coal  Co.  v.  Upson,  184,  468 
Newark  Savings  Inst.  v.  Panhorst,  241, 

562 
Newberry  v.  Bennett,  226d,  762 

V.  Gibson,  535 
Newbrough  v.  Walker,  189,  984 
Newburgh  v.  Galatian,  803 
Newbum  v.  Lucas,  976 
Newbury  v.  Connecticut  &  P.  R.  R.  R., 
85c 
V.  Getchel  &  M.  L.  &  M.  Co.,  47, 

226/,  4866,  1358 
V.  Great  NortJieni  Ry.,  1363 
Newburyport  Water  Co.  v.  Newbury- 

port,  1173 
Newby  v.  Platte  Co.,  1128,  1140 
Newhall  v.  Ireson,  99,  101 
Newcomb  v.  Gibson,  808 
V.  Wallace,  W7d,  973 
Newcomb-Buchanan  Co.,  v.   Baskett 

317 
Newell  V.  Griswold,  310 
V.  Houlton,  331 
V.  Jones,  288 
V.  Keith,  308a,  314 
V.  Lawton,  673d 
V.  Smith,  316,  317,  854 


2972 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


NeweU  v.  Whitcher,  364,  366,  372,  430 
Newgass  v.  St.  Louis,  A.  &  T.  Ry.,  1110, 

1134,  1151,  1164,  1175 
Newlan  v.  Shafer,  294 
Newman  v.  Auling,  301c 

V.  Covenant  Mutiial  Benefit  As- 
sociation, 732 

V.  Covenant  M.  I.  Co.,  732 

V.  Goza,  700 

V.  Kane,  493 

V.  Keffer,  307 

V.  McGregor,  657 

V.  Metcalf,  692e 

V.  Metropolitan     Elevated     Ry., 
1189,  1198 

V.  Munk,  258 

V.  N.  Y.,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.,  464 

V.  Newman,  304 

V.  St.  L.  &  I.  M.  R.  R.,  365,  373 

V.  Stein,  47,  360,  443,  449 

V.  Wolfson,  416,  418 
Newman,  The,  592 
Newman  Case,  1198a 
Newport  N.  &  M.  V.  R.  R.  v.  Griffin, 
1341 

V.  Mercer,  854 
Newport  Wharf  Co.  v.  Drew,  341 
Newsom  v.  Harris,  1012 
Newsome  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  889 
Newson  v.  Douglass,  301 
Newton  v.  Armstrong,  1169 

V.  Devlin,  618 

V.  Kennerly,  325 

V.  LockUn,  1328 

V.  Round,  689a 

V.  Russell,  87  N.  Y.  527;  685A: 

V.  Russell,  24  Hun,  40;  237 

V.  Wilson,  999d 
Newton,  Appeal  of,  1160a 
Newtown  Creek  Bridge  in  City  of  New 

York,  In  re,  12055 
Newville  Road  Case,  1155 
Neys  V.  Taylor,  1337 
Niagara,  The,  596a 
Niagara  P.  I.  Co.  v.  Heflin,  722 

V.  Scammon,  726 
Niagara  F.  P.  Co.  v.  Lee,  214,  681, 

794 
Nibbe  v.  Brauhn,  656 
Niblack  v.  Park  Nat.  Bank,  302a 


Niblo  V.  Binsse,  656c 

V.  North  American  F.  I.  Co.,  725 
Niblock  V.  Ann  Harbor  R.  R.,  1357 
Nichol  V.  Alexander,  977 
Nicholds  V.  Crystal  Plate  Glass  Co., 

1348 
NichoU  V.  Freeman,  1012 
NichoUs  V.  American  S.  &  W.  Co.,  742 

V.  Mapes,  506a 
Nichols  V.  Bridgeport,  1128,  1148 

V.  Coleman,  316 

V.  Duluth,  1110 

V.  Freeman,  1007,  1015 

V.  Haines,  410 

V.  MacLean,  688a 

li.  Marsland,  33 

V.  Nichols,  1338 

V.  Oregon  S.  L.  R.  R.,  47 

V.  Richmond,  35 

V.  Scranton  Steel  Co.,  636d 

V.  Superior,  656 

V.  Tremlett,  1049,  1066 

V.  Union  Pac.  Ry.,  316 

V.  Walter,  966 

V.  Winfrey,  578 
Nichols  &  Shepard  Co.  v.  Paulson,  535 
Nicholson  v.  Merritt,  364 

V.  N.  Y.  &  N.  H.  R.  R.,  1148,  1368 

V.  Patchin,  664 

V.  Rogers,  387 

V.  Rust,  448a 
Nicholson  C.  M.  Co.  v.  Moulden,  1354, 

1355 
Nickels  v.  Maine  F.  &  L.  Ins.  Co.,  715 
Nickerson  v.  Bigelow,  1367 

V.  Easton,  673a 

V.  Soesman,  274 

V.  Wadley,  363a 
Nickey  v.  Zonker,  1331 
Nicklase  v.  Morrison,  934 
Nickley  v.  Thomas,  1291 
Nickol  V.  Ashton,  636/ 
Nicks  V.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1112a, 

1148 
Nicolet  V.  New  Orleans  Ins.  Co.,  312, 

720 
Niemetz  v.  St.  Louis,  A.  &  M.  Assoc, 

107a 
NiendorfE   v.    Manhattan   Ry.,    1342, 
1352 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2973 


[References 

Nierenberg  v.  Wood,  36o 
Nightingale  v.  Chafee,  1031 

V.  Scannell,  55,  365,  381,  565c 
Nikkei  v.  Conaway,  1021o 
Niles  t).  Board  of  Com'rs,  343,  345 

V.  Edwards,  517 

V.  Iroquois  Realty  Co.,  999A 
Nilson  V.  Jonesboro,  416 

V.  Morse,  608,  614 
Nimick  v.  Holmes,  717 
Nimocks  v.  Welles,  685to 
Nininger  v.  Banning,  493a 
Ninth  Ave.,  Matter  of,  1158 
Nirsing  v.  Smith,  1345 
Nisbet  V.  Lawson,  31  le 
Nith,  The,  844 
Nitz  V.  Bolton,  534,  535 
Niver  v.  Rossman,  413 
Nivin  V.  Stevens,  71,  926 
Nixon  V.  Biloxi,  685fc 

V.  Cutting  F.  P.  Co.,  294,  308a 

V.  Denham,  999ft 

t).  Myers,  614,  667 

V.  Nixon,  763 

V.  Porter,  909a 

V.  Stilwell,  933 
Noble  V.  Ames  Manufacturing  Co.,  607, 
617o 

V.  Arnold,  236,  237,  685^,  685m 

V.  Biddle,  917 

V.  Epperly,  77 

».  Fagnant,  762,  766 

V.  Hand,  1076,  170 

V.  Libby,  .620 

V.  Moses,  343 

V.  Walker,  704 
Nobles  V.  Bates,  400,  408,  418 
Noblit  V.  Briggs,  313 
Noe  V.  Hodges,  313o 
Noel  V.  State,  692sf 

V.  Wheatly,  774 
Nohrden  v.  Northeastern  R.  R.,  54  S.  C. 
492;  584 

V.  Northeastern  R.  R.,  59  S.  C.  87; 
573a 
Nolan  V.  Mendere,  387 

V.  Standard  S.  M.  Co.,  1326 

V.  Stillwater  L.  Co.,  1355 

V.  Whitney,  657 
Nolde  V.  Gray,  1012 


are  to  sections] 


Nolte  V.  Herter,  452 
Nones  v.  Homer,  6736 

V.  Northouse,  485o 
Noon  V.  Salisbury  Mills,  672 
Noonan  v.  Ilsley,  17  Wis.  314;  276,  734 

V.  Ilsley,  21  Wis.  138;  968,  974, 
977,  978,  980a 

V.  Ilsley,  22  Wis.  27;  966,  973 

V.  Lee,  973 

V.  Pardee,  93o 
Norae  v.  Lonsley,  442 
Norcross  v.  Benton,  1034 
Noroross  Bros.  Co.  v.  Vose,  419 
Norddeutschen  F.  V.  G.  v.  Bertheau, 

606a 
Nordhaus  v.  Peterson,  363,  683 
Norfolk  V.  American  Steam-Gas  Co., 

802 
Norfolk  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Adams,  857 

V.  Anderson,  380,  380a 

V.  Carter,  1110 

V.  Cheatwood,    5716,    574a,    577, 
578 

V.  Davis,  252 

V.  Harman,  844 

V.  Lipscomb,  863,  873o 

V.  Mundy,  966,  981 

V.  Munsell,  1367 

V.  Neely,  357,  380,  387,  865 

V.  Reeves,  854 

V.  Spears,  1270 

V.  Spencer,  581 

V.  Stevens,  573a 

V.  Stone,  47 

V.  Thomas,  935a 

V.  Wilkinson,  854,  856 
Norin  v.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  Ry.,  1151 
Norman  v.  Beekman,  906,  910 

V.  Bellingham,  1347 

V.  Cunningham,  1256ft 

V.  Fife,  565o,  682 

V.  Hope,  555 

V.  Ince,  924a,  1116 

ti.  Rogers,  63 

V.  Vandenberg,  834c 

V.  Vickery,  414 

V.  Wells,  1293 

V.  Winch,  107d,  973 
Normannia,  The,  778  < 

Normile  v.  Wheeling  T.  Co.,  4lo 


2974 


TABLE    OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Norris  v.  Hall,  341 

V.  Massachusetts  Mut.  L.  Ins.  Co., 
341 

V.  Morrill,  1305 
Norristown  v.  Moyer,  67 
Norris  V.  Philadelphia,  331o,  335 

V.  Pueblo,  1154o 

V.  School  Dist.,  657,  660,  662 

0.  State,  692i 

V.  Vermont  Cent.  R.  R.,  1109 
Norris'  Appeal,  311c 
North  V.  Bunn,  1012o 

V.  Cates,  69,  1326 

V.  Johnson,  370,  681a 

V.  McDonald,  945 

V.  Mallory,  655a,  6556 

V.  PhiUips,  514 
North  Alabama  Trac.  Co.  v.  Daniel, 

1342 
North  America  Bldg.  Assoc,  v.  Sutton, 

627a 
North  American  F.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Mowatt, 

340 
North  Am.  Trans.  Co.  v.  Morrison,  864 
North  Arkansas  Tel.   Co.  v.  Steiner, 

1348 
North  British  &  Mercantile  Ins.  Co.  v. 

Cohn,  85 
North  Chicago  St.  R.  R.  v.  Brodie,  580, 
580a 

V.  Burnham,  620 

V.  Deubner,  43/ 

V.  Fitzgibbons,  170a 

V.  La  Grand  Co.,  984 

V.  Wiswell,  1348 

1).  Wrixon,  1367 

V.  Zeiger,  482 
North  Eastern  R.  R.  v.  Sineath,  1167 
North  German  Lloyd  Steamship  Co.  v. 

Wood,  45a 
North  Hudson  Co.  R.  R.  v.  Booraem, 

331a,  1175,  1177 
North  M.  R.  R.  v.  Akers,  850 
North  Pennsylvania  Ry. ;;.  Adams,  346 

V.  Davis,  1154a,  1157 

V.  Kirk,  67a,  576 

V.  Robinson,  672 
North  Packing  &  Provision  Co. «.  West- 
ern U.  T.  Co.,  881,  892 
North-R.  M.  Co.  v.  Christ  Church,  301 


North  Star,  The,  106  U.  S.  17;  590, 596a 
North  Star,  The,  44  Fed.  492;  597a 
North  Star,  The,  140  Fed.  263;  593, 

597o 
North  Star,  The,  169  Fed.  711;  1358 
North  Vernon  v.  Voegler,  95,  1110 
Northam  v.  Hurley,  100 
Northampton  Nat.  Bank  v.  Wylie,  237, 

682,  682o 
Northeastern  R.  R.  v.  Chandler,  1306 
Northen  v.  Tatum,  618 
Northern  C.  &  C.  Co.  v.  AUera,  1367 
Northern  Central  Ry.  v.  Newman,  363 

V.  O'Conner,  862 
Northern,  J.  &  G.  N.  R.  R.  v.  Allbrit- 

ton,  359 
Northern  Line  Packet  Co.  v.  Binmnger, 

1328 
Northern  P.  &  M.  Ry.  v.  Forbis,  1171 
Northern  Pacific  &  P.  S.  S.  R.  R.  v. 

Coleman,  1143a 
Northern  Pac.  R.  R.  v.  Freeman,  574a 

V.  Lewis,  76 

V.  Pauson,  865 

V.  Wendel,  482 
Northern  Supply  Co.  v.  Wangard,  2126, 

226d,  226m 
Northern  Tex.  Traction  Co.  v.  Mullins, 

171a 
Northern  Transp.  Co.  v.  Chicago,  1110 

V.  McClary,  844 

V.  Sellick,  317,  497 
Northridge  v.  MoOre,  1010 
Northrop  v.  Graves,  306 
Northrup.«).  Cook,  734,  753 

V.  Cross,  537 

V.  McGill,  59 
Northwestern  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Irish,  12866 
Northwestern  M.  L.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Perrill, 
327 

V.  Rochester  G.  I.  Co.,  722a 
Northwestern  S.  B.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Great 

Lakes  Engineering  Works,  161 
Northwestern  Transp.  Co.  v.  Thames, 

etc.,  Ins.  Co.,  711 
Norton  v.  Babcock,  962,  971,  979 
Norton  f .  Colgrove,  973 

V.  Jackson,  973 

v.  Kumpe,  692(7 

V.  Lexington  F.  I.  Co.,  711 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


2975 


[References 
Norton  v.  Parker,  777 
V.  Sewall,  120 
V.  Union  Ry.,  212 
V.  Wales,  734 
V.  Willis,  1298,  1299 
Norvell  v.  Thompson,  109 
Norway  Plains  Bank  v.  Moor^,  633d 
Norwich  v.  Bradshaw,  S47 
Norwood  V.  Baker,  1126 
V.  Cobb,  497 

V.  Interstate  Nat.  Bank,  533,  1031 
V.  Lathrop,  657 
Nosier  v.  Hunt,  966,  973 
Nosotti  V.  Page,  98 
Nossaman  v.  Rickert,  47,  386 
Notara  v.  Henderson,  852 
Nott  V.  Stoddard,  444a 
Nottingham  Ice  Co.  v.  Preas,  739 
Nourse  v.  Snow,  844 
Nova  Scotia  T.  Co.  v.  American  T.  Co., 

273 
Novelty  Iron  Works  v.  Capital  City 

Oatmeal  Co.,  645,  646 
Nowell  V.  Roake,  920 
Nowlan  v.  Trevor,  9906 
Nowland  v.  Martin,  797 
Noxon  V.  Hill,  559 
Noyes  v.  Blodgett,  777 

V.  F.  A.  Noullet  &  Co.,  648a 
V.  French  Lumbering  Co.,  908 
I/.  Phillips,   393,   417,   679,    1007, 

1020 
V.  Pugin,  615 
V.  Mason  City,  1112a 
V.  Ward,  234 
Nuckolls  V.  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  667 
V.  Powell,  999fc 
Nuestra  Senora  de  Regla,  334 
Nugent  V.  New  York,  1151 

».  Teachout,  1012a 
Nunan  v.  San  Francisco,  1261,  1268 
Nunnemaker  v.  Lanier,  819 
Nurse  v.  Bams,  6076 
Nutt  V.  Merrill,  803 
Nutting  V.  Herbert,  964,  966,  975 
Nyce  V.  Obertz,  953,  975 
Nye  «.  Iowa  C.  A.  Works,  764 
V.  Ix)throp,  302a 
V.  Smith,  554 


are  to  sections] 

Nye  V.  Snyder,  766 
Nysewander  v.  Lowman,  777 


O.  H.  Jewell  Filter  Co.  v.  Kirk,  767 

O.  L.  Hallenbeck,  The,  579 

0.  Mills,  etc.,  Nat.  Bank  v.  Greenhaw, 

337 
O.  S.  Richardson  F.  Co.  v.  Peters,  583 
Oak  Ridge  Coal  Co.  ».  Rogers,  935 
Oakes  v.  Maine  Cent.  R.  R.,  573o,  584 

ti.  Miller,  1027a 

V.  Richardson,  295 
Oakland  Ry.  v.  Fielding,  486c 
Oakley  v.  Boorman,  6066,  789 
Oakley  Mills  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Neese,  1328 
Oaks  V.  Scheifferly,  684o 
Oatman  v.  Walker,  1024 
O'Bannon  v.  Huffman,  556 
O'Beirne  v.  BulUs,  1256d 
Ober  V.  Indianapolis  &  St.  L.  R.  R., 

856a 
Oberfelder  v.  3.  G.  Mattingly  Co.,  834(i 
Obermyer  v.  Nichols,  295,  307,  636n 
Obeme  v.  Gaylord,  682 
Obom  V.  Nelson,  1357 
O'Boyle  v.  Shively,  1337 
O'Brien  v.  Anniston  Pipe  Works,  419, 
618 

V.  Bennett,  368 

V.  Central  I.  &  S.  Co.,  946 

V.  Home  Benefit  Society,  732 

V.  3.  G.  White  &  Co.,  1356 

V.  McCann,  57,  801 

».  Norwich  &  W.  R.  R.,  35 

V.  Philadelphia,  1120 

V.  Railroad,  1116 

V.  Worcester,  947,  948,  1166d 

V.  Young,  324a 
Ocala  F.  &  M.  Works  v.  Lester,  537 
O'Callaghan  v.  Bode,  1367 

V.  Dellwood  Park  Co.,  1358 
Ocean  Queen,  The,  593,  596 
Oceanic,  The,  571o,  1367 
Oceanic  Steam  Nav.  Co.  v.  Compania 

T.  E.,  241 
Ochs  t'.  Public  Service  Ry.,  85c 
O'Connell  v.  Main  &  T.  S.  H.  Co.,  642 

V.  Mo.  Pac.  Ry.,  5716 


2976 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


O'Connell  v.  Reginam,  1276 

V.  Rosso,  607 
O'Conner  v.  Forster,  842 

V.  Parrott,  1343 
O'Connor  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry., 
485a 

V.  Enos,  976 

V.  Henderson  Bridge  Co.,  610 

V.  New  York,  etc.,  Land  Imp.  Co., 
685fe 

V.  Nolan,  167 

V.  Pittsburg,  1112,  1115,  1120 

V.  Press  Pub.  Co.,  451 

V.  St.  Louis,  K.  C.  &  N.  Ry.,  947 

V.  Shannon,  69 

V.  Smith,  6476 

V.  Such,  692 

V.  Union  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Vameys,  1072 
Ode  V.  Manhattan  Raikoad,  1191, 1112 
Odegard  v.  North  Wis.  Lumber  Co., 

1356 
Odell  V.  Hole,  536,  537 

V.  New  York  Elevated  Raikoad, 
1198a 

V.  Story,  1027 
O'Doherty  v.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  1367 
Odom  V.  Harrison,  1044 
O'Donnell  v.  American  Sugar  Refining 
Co.,  1357 

V.  Broad,  12866 

V.  Colby,  691a 

V.  HannibfJ,  1363 

V.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  2216 

V.  Rosenberg,  419 

V.  White,  1110 
O'Donoghue  v.  Corby,  256 
Oekenden  v.  Henly,  1026 
Oeholf  V.  Solomon,  1027 
Oelrichs  V.  Spain,  229,   233,   235,   237, 

429 
Oeltjen  v.  People,  692/ 
Oottinger  v.  Levy,  992 
O'Ferrall  v.  Simplot,  921 
Offutt  V.  Edwards,  232 
O'Flaherty  v.  Nassau  Electric  R.  R., 
43i 

V.  Sutton,  922 
O'Fianagan  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1360 
Ogburn  V.  Whitlow,  973 


Ogden  V.  Ball,  966,  973 

V.  Davis,  681o 

i>.  East  River  Ins.  Co.,  726 

V.  Gibbons,  929,  1326,  1334 

V.  Larrabee,  311c 

V.  Lucas,  36a 

V.  Marshall,  842 

V.  Pattee,  301c 
Ogle  V.  Earl  Vane,  6366,  737 
Oglesby  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1356 
O'Gorman  v.  Harby,  988 
O'Grady  v.  Keyes,  555 
O'Hanlan  v.  Great  Western  Ry.,     246, 

844 
O'Herrin  v.  Milwaukee  County,  306 
Ohio  V.  Board  of  Public  Works,  338 

V.  Frank,  327 
Ohio  &  M.  Ry.  v.  Burrow,  872 

V.  Cosby,  226/,  486 

V.  Dickerson,  41,  67 

V.  Dunbar,  226? 

V.  Hecht,  1216 

V.  Judy,  1326 

V.  McGhee,  215,  226d 

V.  Nickless,  1293 

V.  Thillman,  1109 

V.  Tindall,  573o 

V.  Trapp,  938 

V.  Voight,  574a 

V.  Wachter,  1110   . 

t'.  Wangelin,  5716 
Ohio  &  W.  N.  Ry.  v.  Gardner,  948 
Ohio  Life  Ins.  &  Trust  Co.  v.  Reeder, 

793 
Ohio  Valley  R.  &  T.   Co.  v.  Kerth, 
253 

V.  Meyer,  364 

V.  Wemke,  180a 
O'Horo  V.  Kelsey,  127a 
Ohrstrom  v.  Tacoma,  1367 
O'Keefe  v.  Dyer,  676 

I/.  Eighth  Ave.  R.  R.,  1355,  1357 

V.  Liverpool,  etc.,  Ins.  Co.,  723o 
Okell  V.  Smith,  1038 
Oklahoma  City  v.  Hill,  69,  927,  932 

V.  Welsh,  1354 
Old  Colony  R.  R.  v.  Evans,  1023 

D. -Miller,  331a,  1151 
Old  Colony  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Plymouth, 
1147,  11520,  1161 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2977 


Old  Dominion,  C.  M.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Bigo- 

low,  439i 
Oldfield  V.  Angeles  T.  &  M.  Co.,  999/ 

V.  New  York  &  H.  R.  R.,  14  N.  Y. 
310;  574,  575 

V.  New  York  &  H.  R.  R.,  3  E.  D. 
Smith,  103;  1326 
Oldham  v.  Bentley,  439a 

V.  Kerchner,  622a 

V.  Woods,  916,  917 
Olds  V.  Gary,  237,  685j 
Olean  v.  King,  692/ 
Qlean,  In  re,  1149b 
O'Leary  v.  Rowan,  1270 
Oleson  V.  Brown,  143 
Olin  V.  Bradford,  171 
Oliphant  v.  Frost,  302o 
Oliphint  V.  Mansfield,  237 
Oliver  v.  Bredl,  993 

D.  Bush,  956 

V.  Emsonne,  1034 

V.  Holt,  85 

V.  Houghton  C.  S.  Ry.,  5706 

V.  La  Valle,  1216,  226^ 

D.  Northern   P.   T.   Co.,  41,   180, 
226/,  481,  485 

V.  Perkins,  182 

V.  Pittsburgh  V.  &  C.  Ry.,  1175 
Olivier  v.  Houghton  C.  S.  Ry.,  5706 
Olmstead  v.  Bach,  90,  665,  666 

V.  Beale,  659 

V.  Brush,  106 

V.  Burke,  185,  1261 

V.  Hoy,  6386,  638c 

V.  Olmstead,  692 

V.  Rawson,  975,  982 
Olmey  v.  Myers,  673a 
O'Loughlin  v.  Carr,  681a 
Olsen  V.  Montana  O.  P.  Co.,  377a 

V.  Wendt,  1349 
Olson  V.  Erickson,  171a 

V.  Flard,  599 

V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1360 

V.  Huntimer,  109 

V.  Nebraska  Tel.  Co.,  1348 

V.  Nonenmacher,  616 

V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  1342 

V.  Sharpless,  734 

V.  Solveson,  637,  638 
Olsted  V.  Macon,  1123 

187 


Olvera's  Estate,  334 

Olyphant  v.  St.  Louis  Ore  &  Steel  Co., 

752 
Olyphant  S.  D.  Co.  v.  Olyphant,  1169 
Omaha  v.  Bowman,  1367 

V.  Flood,  1165a 

V.  Hansen,  1141,  1171 

V.  Howell  Lumber  Co.,  1141 

V.  Kramer,  1293 

V.  Richards,  1367 
Omaha  &  G.  S.  &  R.  Co.  v.  Tabor,  499, 

502,  504,  929,  934 
Omaha  &  R.  V.  Ry.  v.  ChoUette,  482 

V.  Rybum,  482,  486a 

V.  Standen,  95,  924,  1123 
Omaha  B.  Ry.  v.  McDermott,  1141 
Omaha  Coal  &  L.  Co.  v.  Fay,  766 
Omaha  H.  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Doney,  1295      ■ 
Omaha  Horse  R.  R.  v.  Cable  Tramway 

Co.,  1165a 
Omaha  Lith.  Co.  v.  Simpson,  685 
Omaha  S.  Ry.  v.  Beison,  1165 

V.  Todd,  1141,  1154,  1165,  1174 
Omaha  School  Dist.  v.  McDonald,  667 
Omaha  St.  Ry.  v.  Emminger,  483 
Omaha  Water  Co.  v.  Schamel,  577 
O'Malley  v.  McLean,  573 

V.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  1352 
O'Mara  v.  Hudson  R.  R.  R.,  574,  575 
O'Meara  v.  McDaniel,  973 

V.  North  American  M.  Co.,  519 
O'Mellia  v.  Kansas  City,  S.  J.  &  C.  B. 

R.  R.,  580,  581 
Onderdonk  v.  Emmons,  688 
O'Neal  V.  Brown,  856 
O'Neall  V.  Bookman,  345 

V.  Sims,  345 

V.  South  Carolina  R.  R.,  844 
Oneida,  The,  587,  689,  594 
O'Neil  V.  Ben  Avon  Borough,  1120 

V.  Flanagan,  999c 

V.  Supreme  Council,  Q3Qd 
O'Neill  V.  Johnson,  467 

V.  Rush,  734 
Ong  Chair  Co.  v.  Cook,  1357 
Ongaro  v.  Twohy,  172 
Ontario  Lantern  Co.  v.  Hamilton  B. 

M.  Co.,  636d 
Opelousas,  G.  &  N.  E.  R.  R.  v.  Brad- 
ford, 253 


2978 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Opelousas,  G.  &  N.  E.  R.  R.  v.  St. 

Landry  Cotton  Oil  Co.,  1161 
Opening  of  Beverley  Rd.,  In  re,  243c 
Opinion  of  the  court,  270 
Opp  V.  Ten  Eyck,  688,  688a 
Oppenlieimer  v.  Bank,  695 

V.  Halff,  439A; 

I/.  U.  S.  Exp.  Co.,  851 
Opsahl  V.  Judd,  574o,  580 
Optenberg  v.  Skelton,  767 
Orange  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  Fulvey,  736 
Orange  County  Bank  w.  Brown,  873 
Orange  Hotel  Co.  v.  Townsend,  189 
Orange  Lumber  Co.  v.  Thompson,  948 
Ordway  v.  Colcord,  305 
Orefioe  ».  Savarese,  1337 
Oregon,  The,  45  Fed.  62;  687,  599 
Oregon,  The,  55  Fed.  666;  842 
Oregon,  The,  89  Fed.  620;  597o 
Oregon  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Barlow,  1166 

V.  Jackson,  930a,  933,  934 

V.  Wait,  1198 
Oregon,  R.  &  N.  Co.  v.  Hosier,  1175 

V.  Owsley,  1148 
O'Reilly  v.  Hoover,  1368 

V.  New  Brunswick,  A.  &  N.  Y.  S. 
B.  Co.,  218 

V.  Shadle,  930a 
Orendorf  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

580 
Orhanovich  ti.  The  America,  693 
Orient  Ins.  Co.  o.  Parlin  Orendorff  Co., 

722a 
Orient  M.  I.  Co.  v.  Adams,  711 
Oriental,  The,  v.  Barclay,  1270 
Oriental  Bank  v.  Tremont  Ins.  Co.,  341 
Oriental  Lumber  Co.  v.  Blades  Lumber 

Co.,  753 
Oriflamme,  The,  485 
O'Riley  v.  McChesney,  226d,  226o,  941 
Ormsbee  ».  Davis,  689a 
Ormsby  v.  Johnson,  316 

V.  Vermont  C.  M.  Co.,  257 
Orr  V.  Bigelow,  627a 

V.  Churchill,  400 

V.  Dayton,  &  M.  T.  Co.,  925 

V.  Farmers'  Alliance  Warehouse  & 
Com.  Co.,  740 

V.  Mayor,  317 

V.  New  York,  293 


Orr  W.  Co.  v.  Reno  W.  Co.,  618 
Orrok  v.  Commonwealth  Ins.  Co.,  711 
Orschehi  v.  Scott,  1359 
Orth  V.  Milwaukee,  1110,  1164 
Ortiz  V.  Navarro,  638,  638o 
Ortwine  v.  Baltimore,  1154c 
Osborne  ».  Ayers,  613,  618 
Osbom  V.  Gillett,  570 

V.  Guy's  Hospital,  671 

V.  Jenkinson,  1354 

V.  Mississippi  &  R.  R.  B.  Co.,  942 

V.  Poket,  151 

V.  Quincey,  O.  &  K.  C.  Ry.,  1331 

V.  U.  S.  Bank,  341 
Osbom's  Case,  1278 
Osborne  v.  Ehrhard,  241 

V.  McQueen,  762 
Osbom  V.  Mississippi  &  R.  R.  B.  Co., 

942 
Osborne  v.  Poket,  121d 

V.  Synnot,  821 
Osboume  v.  Hosier,  301 
Osboum  V.  Lovell,  1263,  1271a 
Oscoda,  The,  170 
Osgood  V.  Bauder,  734,  738 

V.  Chicago,  154  111.  194;  1168 

V.  Chicago,  44  111.  App.  532;  1138 

V.  McConnell,  276 

V.  Osgood,  793,  793a 
O'Shaugannessy  v.  Chicago  City  Ry., 

1353 
O'Shaughnessy  v.  O'Rourke,  930a 
O'Shea  v.  Kirker,  1279 
Oshkosh  Gas  Light  Co.  v.  Germania 

F.  I.  Co.,  722o 
Osier  V.  Walton,  384,  487a 
Osmun  V.  Winters,  25  Ore.  260;  639 

V.  Winters,  30  Ore.  177;  640,  640a 
Ossouski  V.  Wiesner,  12866 
Ossulston  t).  Yarmouth,  343 
Osteen  v.  Southern  Ry.,  377o 
Osterholm  v.  Boston  &  M.  C.  C.  &  S. 

M.  Co.,  1347 
Osterhout  v.  Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R.  R., 

170 
Osteryoung  v.  Transit  Co.,  865 
Ostrander  v.  Lansing,  486a 
Ostrom  V.  San  Antonio,  3806,  930,  932 
Oswego  C.  S.  Bank  v.  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, 337 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2979 


[References 

Oswego  F.  P.  &  P.  Co.  ti.  Stecher  Litho- 
graphic Co.,  752 
Otres  V.  Cowels  E.  S.  &  A.  Co.,  1363 
Otis  V.  Cottage  Grove  Mfg.  Co.,  419 

V.  Hall,  692ifc 

V.  Jones,  60 

V.  Koontz,  606a 
Ottawa  V.  GiUiland,  1309 

V.  Sweely,  1325 
Ottawa,  O.  C.  &  C.  G.  R.  R.  v.  Adolph, 
1293 

V.  Peterson,  95 
Otten  V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  11986 
Ottenot  V.  New  York,  L.  &  W.  Ry.,  95 
Otter  V.  Williams,  519 
Otto  V.  Jackson,  999^ 
Otto  Kuehne  Preserving  Co.  v.  Allen, 

377a 
Ottoway  V.  Milroy,  633a 
Ottumwa  V.  Parks,  240,  241,  802 
Oursler  v.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  383 
Ousley  V.  Hardin,  372,  383 
Outcalt  V.  Durling,  79 
Outhouse  V.  Outhouse,  256 
Ouverson  v.  Grafton,  124 
Overacre  v.  Garrett,  692i 
Overbay  v.  Lighty,  762 
Overby  v.  Fayetteville  Bldg.,  etc.,  As- 
soc, 339a 
Overhiser  v.  McCoUister,  977 
Overland  M.  &  E.  Co.  n.  Carroll,  851 
Overton  v.  Bolton,  326 

V.  Meggs,  915 

V.  Phelan,  1039 

V.  Woodson,  692j 
Oviatt  V.  Pond,  317,  432a 
Owen  V.  Brockschmidt,  573 

ti.  O'Reilly,  106 

V.  Routh,  508,  734 
Owens  V.  Durham,  664 

V.  Hodges,  415 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  924a 

V.  Railroad,  1216 

V.  Salter,  1034 
Owensboro  v.  Hope,  1149 

V.  Singleton,  1152a 

V.  Williams,  1347 
Owensboro  &  N.  Ry.  v.  Barclay,  584 
Owensboro-Harrison  Telephone  Co.  v. 
Wisdom,  183 


are  to  sections] 

Owings  V.  Gibson,  69,  931 
Owsley  V.  Greenwood,  302 
Oxford   Knitting    Mills   v.    American 
Wringer  Co.,  162,  205 
V.  Wooldridge,  760 
Ozan  Lumber  Co.  v.  Bryan,  1353 
Ozark  Lumber  Co.  v.  Chicago  Lumber 
Co.,  753 


P.  P.  Emory  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Salomon, 

636,  737 
Paauhau  Sugar  Plantation  Co.  v.  Pal- 

apala,  1362 
Pabst  Co.  V.  Greenberg,  76,  78,  79 
Pabst  Brewing  Co.  v.  Rapid  S.  F.  Co., 

536 
Pace  V.  Neal,  689a 
V.  Pace,  692i 
Pacific  Coast  Ry.  v.  Porter,  1135 
Pacific  Exp.  Co.  v.  Black,  43ff,  856, 
856a 
V.  Darnell,  152,  856,  856a 
V.  Foley,  851 
V.  Jones,  157 

V.  Lasker  R.  E.  Assoc,  935o 
V.  Lothrop,  1298 
V.  Smith,  935a 
V.  Walters,  667 
V.  Watson,  486c 
Pacific  Factor  Co.  v.  Adler,  426o 
Pacific  Ins.  Co.  v.  Conard,  230,  233, 

433,  434,  436 
Pacific  Mut.  L.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Fisher,  301 
Pacific  P.  &  N.  Co.  V.  Fielding,  380 
Pacific  P.  T.  C.  Co.  v.  Bank  of  Palo 
Alto,  126a 
V.  Fleischner,  316,  876 
Pacific  R.  R.  V.  Chrystal,  1140 

V.  U.  S.,  339 
Pacific  S.  M.  Works  v.  California  Can- 
neries Co.,  166 
Pacific  Steam  Whaling  Co.  v.  Alaska 

Packers'  Assoc,  182a,  200 
Pacific    Union    Club    v.    Commercial 

Union  Assur.  Co.,  121d 
Pack  V.  New  York,  570 
Packard  v.   Bergen  Neck  Ry.,   1129, 
1148,  1149,  1152,  11710 


2980 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Packard  v.  ffiU,  1272 

V.  Leinow,  834 

V.  Slack,  125,  769,  1266 
Packers'  F.  Assoc,  v.  Harris,  834a 
Packing  Co.  v.  Canty,  313o 
Pacquette  v.  Pickness,  910 
Pactolus,  The,  592 
Padelford  v.  Boardman,  717 

V.  Padelford,  950 
Paddock  v.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R., 
41,  864 

V.  Salisbury,  451 
Paducah  v.  Allen,  947,  1123 
Paducah  v.  Cully,  692e 
Paducah  &  M.  R.  R.  «.  Stovall,  1130, 

1148 
Paducah  L.  C.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Hayes,  308a 
Paducah    Lumber    Co.    v.    Paducah 

Water  Supply  Co.,  164 
Page  V.  Bucksport,  226j",  228 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  1137, 
1138,  1149,  1198 

V.  Delaware  &  H.  C.  Co.,  171 

V.  Ferry,  1226 

V.  Ford,  121d,  767 

V.  Fowler,  517 

V.  Johnston,  1027 

V.  Merwin,  1332 

V.  Mills,  777 

V.  Munro,  854 

V.  Newman,  287,  288 

V.  Parker,  777 

V.  Pavey,  191,  768 

V.  Sumpter,  435o 

V.  Sun  Ins.  Office,  726 

V.  Wells,  1027 

V.  Yool,  378,  388,  1344 
Paige  V.  Barrett,  665 

V.  Hazard,  1292 

V.  111.  Steel  Co.,  1367 

V.  Willet,  303 
Paine  v.  Boston,  1295 

V.  Caswell,  67  Me.  540;  325 

V.  Caswell,  68  Me.  80;  330 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  47,  865 

V.  Kelley,  462 

V.  Partrich,  35 

i).  Sherwood,  19  Minn.  315;  166 

V.  Sherwood,  21  Minn.  225;  153, 
734 


Paine  v.  Woods,  1147 
Painter  v.  Munn,  682 

V.  Stahley,  71,  926 
Palatine  Ins.  Co.  v.  Weiss,  722a 
Palenzke  v.  Bruning,  43i 
Palestine  C.  S.  O.  Co.  v.  Cotton  Oil  Co., 

737 
Pallet  V.  Sargent,  447 

V.  Murphy,  620,  633e,  742 
Pallman  v.  Smith,  657 
Palmer  v.  Andrews,  641 

V.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  846 

V.  Augenstein,  565a 

V.  Baum,  47 

V.  Bennett,  294 

V.  Blackburn,  712 

V.  Conant,  1303 

V.  Crook,  480 

V.  Crosby,  87 

V.  Darby,  40 

V.  Foley,  685 

V.  Gallup,  550 

V.  Harris,  334 

V.  Haskins,  445 

V.  Holland,  819 

V.  Ingram,  984 

V.  Laberee,  334 
.  V.  Mahin,  448a 

V.  Maine  Cent.  R.  R.,  466,  1336 

V.  Matthews,  448,  44M 

V.  Meiners,  538 

V.  Murray,  317,  336 

V.  New  York  News  Pub.  Co.,  448 

V.  North,  302 

V.  Philadelphia,  B.  &  W.  R.  R., 
377a 

V.  Pirson,  829 

V.  Schurz,  680 

V.  Stephens,  836 

V.  Stockwell,  3146 

V.  Waterloo,  1261,  1262 

V.  Winona  R.  &  L.  Co.,  485a 

V.  Winston-Salem   R.   &   E.   Co., 
478a 
Palmer  Co.  v.  Ferrill,  1147 
Palmer  Transf.  Co.  v.  Smith,  1348 
Palo  Alto  Bank  v.  Pacific  Postal  Tel. 

Cable  Co.,  229 
Pana  v.  Bowler,  346 
Pancoast  v.  Vail,  753 


Pankopf  V.  Hinckley,  43h 

Panson  v.  Miller,  256 

Pantall  v.  Rochester  &  P.  C.  &  I.  Co., 

93a,  924 
Paola  Gas  Co.  v.  Paola  Glass  Co.,  607, 

646 
Paoli,  The,  587 
Pape  V.  Ferguson,  739 

V.  Lathrop,  667 

V.  Westacott,  829 
Pappenheim  v.  Metropolitan  Ry.,  932, 

1196,  1200 
Paquin  v.  St.  Louis  &  S.  Ry.,  482o 
Parana,  The,  855 
Paradise  v.  Sun  M.  I.  Co.,  712 
Paraffine  Oil  Co.  i/.  Berry,  69 
Paragon  Refining  Co.  v.  Lee,  737,  1046 
Parcell  v.  McComber,  660 
Pardee  v.  Douglas,  622 

t).  Drew,  873 

V.  Robertson,  549 
Parfitt  V.  Chambre,  408 
Pargoud  v.  Morgan,  685j 
Parham  v.  McMurray,  59 
Paris  V.  Allred,  947,  948 

V.  Cairo  V.  &  C.  Ry.,  1152a 

V.  Jenkins,  948 

V.  Mason,  1143 
Paris  &  G.  N.  Ry.  v.  Robinson,  577, 

578 
Paris,  City  of,  587 
Parish  v.  Baird,  226d 

V.  Gilmanton,  1154a 

V.  Wheeler,  82 

V.  White,  1006 
Park  V.  Bates,  962 

V.  Cheek,  964,  966,  976,  978 

V.  Chicago  &  S.  W.  Ry.,  184,  948 

V.  Ensigh,  993 

V.  Hamond,  817 

V.  Independent  School  Dist.,  665 

V.  Kitchen,  615 

V.  McDaniels,  506a,  1268 

V.  Northport  S.  &  R.  Co.,  170o, 
933 

V.  Richardson,  760 

V.  Wiley,  301,  3406 
Parke  v.  Blackiston,  445 

V.  Frank,  193a 
Parker  v.  Atchinson,  1128 


TABLE   OS-  CASES 

[References  are  to  sections] 

Parker  v.  Barlow,  763 
V.  Bond,  237,  685 


2981 


V.  Boston  &  Me.  R.  R.,  1119 

V.  Brown,  966 

V.  Chicago  Catholic  Bishop,  1121 

V.  Conner,  60,  565 

V.  Coture,  488 

V.  Davis,  269 

V.  Eagle  F.  I.  Co.,  723 

V.  Fairbanks-Morse  Mfg.  Co.,  1356 

V.  Fenwick,  762 

V.  Forehand,  637,  638a,  368& 

V.  Gaines,  302a 

V.  Griswold,  99,  923,  940 

V.  HoUis,  999e 

V.  Hulme,  1220 

V.  Hutchinson,  287 

V.  James,  811 

V.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  1296 

V.  Lowell,  1265 

V.  Lumber  Co.,  5716,  573a 

V.  McDonald,  982 

V.  McKannon,  614,  6863 

V.  Macomber,  672 

V.  Marquis,  765 

V.  Meadows,  209,  221,   228,  991, 
999 

V.  Mise,  373a 

V.  Monteith,  473,  475 

V.  Moody,  339a 

V.  Norfolk  &  C.  R.  R.,  947 

V.  Otis,  333     . 

V.  Parker,  308a 

V.  Peabody,  545,  549 

V.  Plymell,  411 

V.  Prjngle,  762 

V.  Republican  Co.,  44a 

V.  Russell,  90,  636?,  636i,  636n 

V.  Shackelford,  363a,  373 

V.  Sherwood,  933 

V.  Simonds,  690 

V.  South  Carolina  &  G.  R.  R.,  483 

V.  Tires,  858 

V.  Walker,  1027,  1028 

V.  Wallis,  935 

V.  Waycross  &  F.  R.  R.,  504,  934 
Parker's  Heirs  v.  Parker's  Admr.,  1303 
Parker  County  v.  Jackson,  1163 
Parkhurst  v.  Ketchum,  451 

V.  Masteller,  44,  47,  357,  360,  372 


2982 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Parkhurst  v.  Van  Courtlandt,  1012a 
Parkinson  v.  Jacobson,  973 

V.  Kortrim,  120o 

V.  Woulds,  966 
Parkinson  Sugar  Co.  v.  Riley,  1347 
Parks  V.  Alexander,  550 

V.  Alta  C.  T.  Co.,  875,  887 

V.  Booth,  1244,  1246 

V.  Boston,  331o,  999d,  1151,  1164a 

V,  County  of  Hampden,  1147 

V.  General  Interest  Assur.  Co.,  725 

l:  Laurens  Cotton  Mills,  3836 

V.  Marshall,  276,  734 

V.  Morris  A.  &  T.  Co.j  199,  766, 
1297 

!;.  O'Connor,  156,  756 

V.  Seattle,  1110 

V.  Sullivan,  432a,  436 

V.  Wilson,  675c 

V.  Wisconsin  Central  R.  R.,  1154 
Parlin  v.  Boatman,  753 
Parmelee  v.  Raymond,  844 
Parmalee  v.  Wilks,  226c,  620 
Parmenter  v.  Fitzpatrick,  248a,  1298 

V.  Marion,  119 
Parmer  v.  Anderson,  446 
Paro  V.  St.  Martin,  90 
Parr  v.  Greenbush,  407,  416 
Parrin  v.  Montana  Cent.  Ry.,  433,  436 
Parroski  v.  Goldberg,  506a,  540 
Parrot  v.  Cincinnati,  H.  &  D.  R.  R., 

1115 
Parrott  v.  Atlantic  &  N.  C.  R.  R.,  363a 

i;.  Chicago  &  G.  W.  Ry.,  939 

V.  Housatonic  R.  R.,  317 

V.  Knickerbocker  Ice  Co.,  316,  317, 
318 
Parry  v.  Aberdeen,  710 

V.  Frame,  260 
Parry  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Lyon,  734 
Parshall  v.  Minneapolis  &  S.  L.  Ry., 

180,  485a 
Parsons  v.  Hardy,  841 

V.  Harper,  241,  461,  462,  463 

V.  Hart,  905 

V.  Lindsay,  490 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  854 

V.  Martin,  828 

V.  Moses,  915,  916 

V.  Pettingell,  928 


Parsons  v.  Sexton,  1060 

V.  Strong,  567 

V.  Sutton,  153,  222,  734,  741 

V.  United  States  Exp.  Co.,  852 
Partello  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,   1354, 

1360 
Partenheimer  v.  Van  Order,  36a,  43J 
Pasadena  v.  Stimson,  1165c 
Paschall  v.  Owen,  1367 
Pasley  v.  Catterlin,  305 

V.  Freeman,  32,  100 
Pa^singer  v.  Thorbum,  191,  768 
Passmore  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Pastor  V.  Regan,  1326 
Pastorius  v.  Fisher,  99,  352 
Pastor  V.  Solomon,  416 
Patapsco  Guano  Co.  v.  Magee,  317 
Patapsco  Ins.  Co.  v.  Coulter,  713 
Patchen  v.  Keeley,  86a,  935 
Patching  v.  Smith,  999/ 
Pate  V.  Columbia  &  P.  S.  R.  R.,  1346 

V.  Fitzhugh,  1334 

V.  Mitchell,  980 
Patent  Brick  Co.  v.  Moore,  419 
Paterson,  N.  &  N.  Y.  R.  R.  v.  Newark, 

1152 
Paterson  v.  Wilcox,  473 
Patillo  V.  Alexander,  e96c 
Patnote  v.  Sanders,  673 
Patrick  v.  Clay,  302a 

V.  Colorado  Smelting  Co.,   1076, 
610 

V.  Greenaway,  99 

V.  Leach,  959,  964 

V.  Marshall,  1010 

V.  Perryman,  294 

V.  Putnam,  655c,  672 

V.  Roach,  1006 

V.  Swinney,  774 
Patrick  Henry,  The,  844 
Patridge  v.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  41a,  47 

V.  Dykins,  991 

V.  Hatch,  975 
Patten  v.  American  Nat.  Bank,  302a 

V.  Belo,  451 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  1330 

V.  Hood,  308 

V.  Libbey,  1268 

V.  Lynett,  633/ 

V.  Northern  Central  R,  R.,  1166 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


2983 


[Referencea 

Patterson  v.  Arthurs,  1016 

V.  Boston,  20  Pick.  159;  1157 

V.  Boston,  23  Pick.  425;  1169 

V.  Cappon,  979 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  R.  R.,  852 

V.  Choate,  311 

V.  Cussier,  822 

V.  Ely,  1260 

V.  Emerinh,  999/ 

V.  Frazer,  382 

V.  G.  W.  Ry.,  95 

V.  Hulings,  1054 

V.  Illinois  Cent.  R.  R.,  153  159 

V.  Jaeger  &  S.  Ry.,  1116 

V.  Marine  Nat.  Bank,  171o,  1310a 

V.  Melchior,  1348 

V.  Missouri  Glass  Co.,  302a 

V.  Murphy,  1012a 

V.  Plummer,  736 

V.  Kingsland,  935a 

V.  Reardon,  920 

V.  Rinard,  685??i 

V.  Sharp,  3406 

V.  Stewart,  969,  981 

V.  Thompson,  1328 

V.  Waldman,  378,  985 

ti.  Westervelt,  546,  554a 

V.  Whitlock,  325 
Patton  V.  Cruce,  448o,  449 

V.  Elk  R.  M.  Co.,  607,  614 

V.  England,  973 

V.  Garrett,  234,  237,  359,  565a,  990 

V.  Kennedy,  1012a 

V.  Philadelphia,  1163,  1329 

V.  Sanborn,  1303,  1307 
Patton  Paint  Co.  v.  Erie  R.  R.,  317 
Patzke  V.  Minneapolis  &  S.  L.  Ry.,  1355 
Pauck  V.  St.  Louis  D.  B.  &  P.  Co.,  1348 
Paul  V.  Christie,  340c 

V.  Cragnaz,  182a,  184,  1334 

V.  Frazier,  639 

V.  Goodluck,  678 

V.  Grimm,  829 

V.  Jones,  785 

«.  New  York,  337 

V.  Omaha  &  S.  L.  Ry.,  482 

e.  Slasoii,  32,  101,  103,  108,  565 
Paulling  V.  Creagh,  343 
Paulmier  v.  Erie  R,  R,,  579 
Pause  V.  Atlanta,  1167 


are  to  sections] 


Pauza  V.  Lehigh  V.  C.  Co.,  1306 

Pavenstedt  v.  New  York  L.  I.  Co.,  700 

Pavonia,  The,  587 

Pawling  V.  Howren,  301 

Paxton  V.  State,  692e 

Paycock  v.  Parker,  313 

Payne  v.  Avery,  339a 

V.  EUzey,  678 

V.  Georgetown  Lumber  Co.,  5706 

V.  Graves,  1012a 

V.  Hackney,  1012a 

V.  Haine^  210 

V.  Kansas  &  A.  V.  R.  R.,  1116, 
1151,  1152a,  1171a 

V.  Lindsley,  78 

V.  Mclntier,  334 

V.  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  T.  R.  R. 
&  S.  S.  Co.,  191 

V.  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Co.,  1325 
Peabody  v.  Bloomer,  1031 

V.  Richard  Realty  Co.,  408,  416 
Peabody  Ins.  Co.  v.  Memphis  Packet 

Co.,  711 
Peace  River  Phosphate  Co.  v.  Grafflin, 

153 
Peacock  v.  Coltrane,  607,  667 

V.  Monk,  964 
Peak  V.  Frost,  164a,  442 
Peake  v.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  85c 
Pearoe  v.  Hennessy,  325,  345 

V.  Kansas  City,  1348 

u.  Maguire,  684 

V.  Twichell,  531 

V.  Wallace,  315 
Pearl  v.  Garloek,  69ia 
Pearsall  i'.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  882 
Pearse  v.  Quebec  Steamship  Co.,  851 
Pearson  v.  Alaska  Pac.  S.  S.  Co.,  1355 

V.  Carr,  91,  913 

V.  CraHan,  700 

V.  Darrington,  3116 

V.  Davie,  975 

V.  Davis,  975 

V.  Duane,  864 

V.  Ford,  959,  972 

V.  Grice,  311 

V.  Lemaitre,  4^6 

V.  Mason,  750 

V.  Parker,  797 

V,  Sanderson,  302 


2984 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Pearson  v.  Williams,  423 

V.  Zable,  1110 

V.  Zehr,  373a,  1334 
Pease  v.  Shippen,  451 

V.  Smith,  317 
Peay  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45o,  894 
Peck  V.  Bonebright,  531a 

V.  Bristol,  1154 

V.  Clark,  101 

V.  Cohen,  806 

V.  Inlow,  82 

V.  Kansas  City  M.  R.  &  C.  Co., 
636c 

V.    McCormick    Harvesting    Ma- 
chine Co.,  1041 

V.  McLean,  83 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.,  1342 

V.  Small,  360,  372,  385 

V.  Superior  Short  Line  R.  R.,  1154 
Peck  V.  Taylor,  480a,  1338 
Peck-Hammond  Co.  v.  Heifner,  614, 

617 
Peckham  Iron  Co.  v.  Harper,  234,  359 
Pecksport  C.  Ry.  v.  West,  1165 
Pecos  &  N.  T.  Ry.  v.  Bivins,  854 

V.  Blasengame,  485a 
Peden  v.  Moore,  1040 
Peddle  v.  Qijebec  F.  Assur.  Co.,  720 
Peek  V.  Derry,  257,  779 
Peekskill  S.  C.  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Peekskill, 

416,  416a 
Peele  v.  Merchants'  Ins.  Co.,  715 
Peelle  v.  State,  692,  692fc 
Peerce  v.  Athey,  685 
Peerless  Machine  Co.  v.  Gates,  537 
Peet  V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  854 
Peffley  v.  Kenrick,  689a 
Pegler  v.  Hyde  Park,  1157 
Pegram  *.  Stortz,  359,  1248,  1254 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  885 
Peine  v.  Weber,  411 
Pekin  v.  Brereton,  35 

V.  Reynolds,  337 
Pelberg  v.  Gorham,  545 
Pelham  ».  Way,  547,  557 
Pell  V.  Shearman,  619 
Pellardis  v.  Journal  Printing  Co.,  448a, 

1335 
Peltier  v.  Mict,  445 
Peltomaa  v.  Katahdin  P.  &  P.  Co.,  1354 


Peltz  V.  Eichele,  30,  182,  632 
Pence  v.  Duvall,  959 

V.  Gubbert,  981 
Pendall  v.  Rench,  852 
Pender  Lumber  Co.  v.  Wilmington  Iron 

Works,  165 
Pendergast  v.  McCaslin,  86o,  913 

V.  Reed,  778 
Pendleton  v.  Cline,  149,  153a,  664 
Pendleton  St.  R.  R.  v.  Rahmann,  1330 
Pendo  V.  Beakey,  916 
Pengra  v.  Wheeler,  311,  312,  405,  995 
Penland  v.  Leatherwood,  79 
Penley  v.  Watts,  209,  773,  992,  1000 
Penley's  Case,  1148 
Penn  v.  Bibly,  1217 

V.  Jack,  1217 

V.  Smith,  755,  762 

V.  Taylor,  932 
Pennant's  Case,  1034 
Pennebaker  Bros.   v.  Bell   City  Mfg. 

Co.,  767 
Pennell  v.  The  United  States,  594 

V.  Woodbum,  238,  773 
Penney  v.  Commonwealth,  1154c 
Penniman  v.  Stanley,  807a 
Pennington  v.  Gillaspie,  377a 

V.  Lewis,  107a 

V.  Redman  V.  &  S.  Co.,  251 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  882 

V.  Yell,  812,  814,  831 
Pennsylvania  &  N.  Y.  R.  R.  &  C.  Co. 

V.  Bunnell,  1167,  1295 
Pennsylvania  &  O.  C.  Co.  v.  Graham, 

41,  47,  180,  226/,  481,  485 
Pennsylvania  Coal  Co.  v.  Versailles  F. 

G.  Co.,  1160a 
Pennsylvania  Co.  v.  Barton,  1356 

V.  Bray,  865 

V.  Dolan,  666 

V.  Keane,  680 

V.  Lilly,  570a 

V.  Pennsylvania  So.  R.  R.,  1120 

V.  Reidy,  1356 

V.  Stanley,  1117 

V.  Swain,  678 
Pennsylvania.    Co.    for   Insurance    v. 

Phila.  G.  &  R.  R.  R.,  514 
Pennsylvania   L.   Co.   v.  Phila.   Con- 
tributionship,  723a 


TABLE 

[References 

Pennsylvania  L.  Co.  v.   Pennsylvania 

Schuylkill  Valley  R.  R.,  1154 
Pennsylvania  M.  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Heiss, 

1169 
Pennsylvania  Nat.  Gas  Co.  v.  Cook,  806 
Pennsylvania  R.  R.  v.  Adams,  674 

V.  Allen,  41 

V.  Bantom,  573,  575 

V.  Books,  860 

V.  Butler,  573a,  574a,  580 

V.  Connell,  112  111.  295;  47,  865 

V.  Connell,  127  111.  419;  864 

V.  Dale,  180,  181,  182 

V.  Goodman,  573a,  1325 

V.  Henderson,  584 

».  John  Anda  Co.,  246 

V.  Keller,  572 

V.  Kelly,  486c,  575 

V.  Kerr,  Hid 

V.  Lilly,  575 

V.  Lippincott,  1120 

V.  Marchant,  1120 

V.  Marion,  67,  860 

V.  Ogier,  572 

V.  Patterson,  999A 

V.  Reichert,  423 

V.  Reiley,  1142 

V.  Roy,  490 

V.  Spicker,  864 

V.  TitusviUe  &  P.  P.  R.  R.,  842, 843 

t).  Vandever,  572,  573a 

V.  Wabash,  S.  L.  &  P.  Ry.,  126a 

V.  Washburn,  221a,  589 

V.  Zebe,  486c,  575 
Pennsylvania  Schuylkill  Valley  R.  R.  v. 
Cleary,  253,  1171 

V.  Walsh,  1120 

V.  Ziemer,  331a,  1120,  1159 
Penny  v.  Andrus,  762 

V.  Davis,  527 

t).  Fellner,  999c 

V.  Ludwick,  538 

V.  Penny,  1156 
Penny,  Re,  1090,  1096,  1097,  1098 
Pennybecker  v.  McDougal,  531,  938 
Pennj^packer  v.  Jones,  190,  407 
Penrice  v.  Penrice,  921 

V.  Wallis,  1139a 
Pensacola  Gas   Co.  v.   Pebley,  1330, 
1331 


OF   CASES  2985 

are  to  sections] 

People  V.  Albany,  5  Lans.  524;  151 
V.  Albany,  11  Wend.  539;  946 
V.  Alberty,  950 
V.  Bartels,  692;i 
V.  Beach,  6926 
V.  Canal  Com'rs,  331o 
V.  Colerick,  550 
V.  C.  P.  R.  R.,  407,  408,  413 
V.  Clinton  County,  314 
V.  Compher,  676 
V.  Corbett,  792 

V.  Crowe,  130  111.  App.  349;  692i 
V.  Crowe,  145  111.  App.  450;  1268 
V.  Deutscher  Krieger  Bund,  235o 
V.  Eldredge,  1146,  1185 
V.  Faulkner,  692i 
V.  Flynn,  607 
V.  Foote,  6926 
V.  Foster,  692a 
V.  Gardner,  692a 
V.  Gasherie,  303 
V.  Getzendaner,  326 
V.  Gold  &  Stock  Tel.  Co.,  332 
V.  Green,  1112a 
V.  Holmes,  692 
V.  HufJfman,  692j 
V.  Jansen,  681a 

V.  Judges  of  N.  Y.  C.  P.,  1285 
V.  Kendall,  692d 
V.  Kerr,  1183,  1184,  1187 
V.  Laning,  681o 
V.  Lett,  549 
V.  Love,  416 
V.  Lucas,  692/ 
V.  McCarthy,  1208 
V.  McHenry,  692d 
V.  Mayor,  4  N.  Y.  419;  1128 
V.  Mayor,  6  Barb.  209;  1128 
V.  Mayor,  32  Barb.  102;  1107 
V.  Moon,  681a,  692a 
V.  Musical  M.  P.  Union,  129 
V.  New  York,  301 
V.  New  York,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R., 

842 
V.  Nolan,  101  N.  Y.  539;  688a 
V.  Nolan,  32  Hun,  612;  569 
v.  Pennock,  692a 
V.  Petrie,  191  111.  497;  692i 
V.  Petrie,  94  111.  App.  652;  109 
V.  Phillips,  1154c 


2986  TABLE 

[References 

People  V.  Randolph,  692 
V.  Russell,  681a,  1276 
V.  Security  L.  I.  &  A.  Co.,  730 
V.  Stillings,  1151 
V.  Summers,  692 
V.  Supervisors,  314 
V.  Sutter  St.  R.  R.,  333 
V.  Syracuse,  1160 
V.  Wexford,  312 
V.  Williams,  1138 
V.  Wilmerding,  995 
People,  The,  v.  Niagara,  C.  P.,  1045 
People  ex  rel.  Hewlett  v.  The  Mayor, 

1128 
People  ex  rel.  Newton  v.  Supervisors  of 

Oneida  Co.,  1182 
People's  Co-operative  Assoc,  v.  Lloyd, 

667 
People's  Ice  Co.  v.  The  Excelsior,  191, 

936 
People's  Loan  Co.  v.  Grant,  325 
People's  Savings  Bank  v.  Campau,  678 

V.  Hill,  962 
Peoria  &  P.  TJ.  Ry.  v.  Peoria;  &  F.  U. 

Ry.,  107a,  1152a 
Peoria  &  R.   I.  Ry.   Co.  v.  Birkett, 

1160a 
Peoria,  A.  &  D.  R.  R.  v.  Sawyer,  1165, 

1166 
Peoria  B.  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Vance,  1138 
Peoria,  B.  &  C.  T.  Co.  v.  Vance,  1157, 

1166c 
Peoria  Bridge  Association  v.  Loomis, 

481 
Peoria,  M.  &  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Lewis,  301 
Peoria,  P.  &  J.  R.  R.  v.  Laurie,  1138 
Peper  v.  St.  Louis  Brass  Mfg.  Co.,  999j 
Pepper  v.  Haight,  636n 
V.  Rowley,  1057 
V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  573a 
u.  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co., 
876,  885,  891 
Peppercorn  v.  Black  River  Falls,  226/, 

4866 
Peppin  V.  Cooper,  692d 
Perdue  v.  Brooks,  960 
Peri  V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

1356 
Ferine  v.  Grand  Lodge,  A.  O.  U.  W., 
309 


OF   CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Perit  V.  Wallis,  678 
Perkins  v.  Coleman,  343 

V.  Ewan,  248a,  565,  565o 

V.  Foumiquet,  334 

V.  Freeman,  60 

V.  Giles,  692t 

V.  Hart,  664 

V.  Hersey,  638,  638a,  639 

V.  Hollister,  311c 

V.  Lawrence,  1110 

V.  Lyman,  418,  678 

V.  Mans,  317 

V.  Pitman,  550 

V.  Portland,  S.  &  P.  R.  R.,  846 

V.  Sunset  T.  &  T.  Co.,  1359 

V.  Towle,  373,  384 

V.  M.  K.  &  T.  R.  R.,  380 

V.  Stewart,  303 

V.  Washington  Ins.  Co.,  817 
Perley  v.  Balch,  762a,  1060 

V.  Raih-oad,  1110,  1112 

V.  Schubert,  406 
Perolin  Co.  v.  Young,  613 
Perret  v.  Dupre,  999a 
Perrette  v.  City  of  Kansas  City,  1348 
Perrigo  v.  St.  Louis,  41a 

V.  Spaulding,  1217 
Perrigo  G.  M.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Grimes,  82 
Perrin  v.  Parker,  304 

V.  Reynolds,  1006 

V.  Wells,  493 
Perrine  v.  Serr«ll,  762,  772 

V.  Winter,  445 
Perrott  v.  Shearer,  67a 
Perry  v.  Aldrich,  999a 

V.  Council  Bluffs  City  Waterworks 
Co.,  695 

V.  Denson,  680 

V.  Dickerson,  85a 

V.  Goodwin,  921 

V.  Horn,  678 

V.  Howe  C.  C.  Co.,  107a 

V.  Jeffries,  72,  363,  1294 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1350 

t).    Pittsburgh    Union    Passenger 
Ry.,  865 

V.  Reynolds,  740,  742 

V.  Simpson  Waterproof  Mfg.  Co., 
667 

V,  Smith,  279c 


TABLE  OF  Cases 


[References  are 

Perry  v.  Taylor,  282,  324o,  325 

V.  Washburn,  332 

V.  Wright,  675o 
Perry  Comity  v.  S.  M.  &  M.  R.  R.,  332 
Perry-Matthews-Buskirk  Stone  Co.  v. 

Smith,  932 
Perryman  Plank-Road  Co.  v.  Ramage, 

1167 
Person  &  Riegel  Co.  v.  Lipps,  753 
Persons  v.  Parker,  456 
Persse  v.  Cole,  853 

V.  Watrous,  689 
Peru  &  I.  R.  R.  v.  Basket,  43e 
Peru  Heating  Co.  v.  Lenhart,  431 
Perzell  v.  Shook,  407,  414 
Peter  v.  Thickstun,  1299 
Peters  v.  Bamliill,  797,  799 

V.  Bessemer  &  L.  E.  R.  R.,  574a 

V.  Bowman,  973 

V.  Cooper,  753 

V.  Craig,  664a 

V.  Grubb,  999d 

».  Johnson,  120 

V.  Lake,  479 

V.  McKean,  1006 

V.  M'Keon,  1010 

V.  Myers,  980 

V.  Quebec  Harbor  Com'rs,  312 

V.  Snavely-Ashton,  682a 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  577,  578 

V.  Stanway,  42 

V.  Tilghman,  934 

V.  Warren  Ins.  Co.,  718 

V.  Whitney,  121d,  151,  674 
Peters  B.  &  L.  Ca.  v.  Lesh,  531,  533, 

534 
Petersburg  School  Dist.  v.  Peterson, 

253 
Petersen  v.  Case,  854 
Peterson  v.  Ayre,  734 

V.  Brackey,  1306 

V.  Chemical  Co.,  485 

V.  Denison,  1116 

V.  Gresham,  374,  516,  1328 

V.  Knoble,  1250 

V.  Merchants'  Elevator  Co.,  1367 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1348 

V.  Middlesex  &  S.  T.  Co.,  380 

V.  Morgan,  451 

V.  Polk,  534 


2987 

to  sections] 

Peterson   v.    Roessler    &    Haaslacher 
Chemical  Co.,  484,  1359 

V.  Seattle  Traction  Co.,  485a 

V.  Toner,  1337,  1345 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  65  Minn.  18; 
1335 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  75  Minn.  368; 
380,  1335 
Petit  V.  Colmary,  461,  462,  463,  466 

V.  Flint  &  P.  M.  R.  R.,  916,  917 
Petre  v.  Duncombe,  304 
Petri  V.  First  Nat.  Bank,  695 
Petrie  v.  Columbia  &  G.  R.  R.,  573, 
578,  1332 

V.  Folz,  979 

V.  Lane,  608 

V.  Rose,  448c 
Pettee  v.  Tennessee  M.  Co.,  190,  1039 
Pettie  V.  Boston  Tow  Boat  Co.,  201 
Pettigrew  i'.  Summers,  325 
Pettit  6.  Addington,  1270 

V.  Allen,  689a 

u.  Frothingham,  934 

t>.  Mercer,  182,  680,  682 

V.  Mills,  226c 

V.  Pettit,  3116 
Pettygrove  v.  Hoyt,  689 
Petz  V.  Voight  Brewing  Co.,  999c 
Peuchen  v.  Imperial  Bank,  774 
Pevey  v.  Schulenberg  &  B.  L.  Co.,  614 
Pew  V.  First  Nat.  Bank,  673d 
Pewaukee  Milling  Co.  v.  Howitt,  218, 

226n,  993,  995 
Peyser  v.  Myers,  339o 
Peyster  v.  Clarkscm,  311c 
Peyton  v.  Robertson,  1285 

».  Texas  &  P.  Ry.,  134f 
Pezant  v.  National  Ins.  Co.,  711 
Pfeffer  v.  Buffalo  Ry.,  1356 
Pfeiffer  v.  Lansberg  Brake  Co.,  673d 

V.  Radke,  1360 
Pfeil  V.  Kemper,  1303 
Pfister  V.  Milwaukee  F.  P.  Co.,  380a 

V.  Wade,  341 
Pflegar  v.  Hastings,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1166d 
Phalen  v.  Rochester  Ry.,  1367 
Phaneuf  v.  Corey,  419 
Phansteihl  v.  Vanderhoof,  684 
Pharr  v.  Gall,  104  La.  700;  979 

V.  Gall,  108  La,  307;  982 


2988  TABLE 

[References 

Phelan  v.  Andrews,  2266,  226d,  992 

II.  Tomlin,  1012 
Phelps  V.  Beebe,  656,  657 

V.  Conqueror  Z.  &  L.  Co.,  1351 

V.  Detroit,  924 

V.  Eyria  Milling  Co.,  191 

V.  George's  Creek  &  C.  R.  R.,  119 

V.  Lewiston,  346 

V.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  873 

V.  McGee,  738 

V.  New  Haven  &  N.  Co.,  90,  636A 
999^ 

V.  Owens,  545 

V.  Paris,  1066 

V.  Taylor,  695a 

V.  Winona  &  S.  P.  R.  R.,  574o 
Phenix  v.  Clark,  96,  531 

V.  Prindee,  310 
Phettiplace  v.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R., 

1342 
Phifer  v.  Cabarrus  County,  1148 
Philadelphia  v.  Dyer,  1151 

V.  Linnard,  1151,  1168 
Philadelphia  &  R.  R.  R.  v.  Adams,  572 

ti.  Derby,  859 

V.  Gilson,  1130 

V.  Knight,  346 

V.  Reading  &  P.  R.  R.,  1165a 

V.  Smith,  346 
Philadelphia,  B.  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Craw- 
ford, 47 

V.  Green,  363 

V.  Mitchell,  43i 
Philadelphia  Ball  Club  v.  Phila.,  1112a 
Philadelphia  Traction  Co.  v.  Orbann, 

360,  364,  365,  366,  380,  387 
Philadelphia,  W.  &  B.  R.  R.  v.  Hoe- 
flich,  383a 

V.  Howard,  192,  613,  614 

V.  Larkin,  360,  365,  372,  380 

V.  Lehman,  854 

V.  Quigley,  377 
Philbrook  v.  Berlin-Shelbume  Power 
Co.,  11716 

V.  Burgess,  636i,  675e 
Philby  V.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  570a,  673 
Philipi  V.  Capell,  691 
Phillip  V.  Gallant,  657 
Phillips  V.  Chamberlain,  909a 

V.  Commercial  Bank,  695a 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Phillips  V.  Cudlipp,  302a 

V.  Dickerson,  43j 

V.  Dugan,  271 

V.  Durham  &  C.  R.  R.,  120a 

V.  Earle,  844 

V.  Edsall,  302 

V.  Epp,  999c 

V.  Hall,  76 

V.  Herndon,  1007 

V.  Homfray,  334 

V.  Hoyle,  1270 

V.  Hughes,  6336 

V.  Kelly,  386 

V.  Lawrence,  351,  1042 

V.  London  &  S.  W.  Ry.,  5  C.  P. 
Div..  280;  180 

V.  London  &  S.  W.  Ry.,  5  Q.  B.  D. 
78;  47,  1368,  1372 

V.  Merrimack  Mut.  F.   Ins.   Co., 
726 

V.  Merritt,  750 

V.  O'Neal,  3016 

V.  Pennywit,  83 

V.  Philadelphia,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1142 

V.  Rehm,  310 

V.  Reichert,  915,  966 

V.  St.  Clair  I.  R.  Co.,  1171 

V.  St.  Louis  Perpetual  Ins.  Co.,  714 

V.  South  Park  Com'rs,  331a 

V.  Southwestern  Ry.,  41,  180,  226/, 
481,  485 

V.  Speyers,  271 

V.  Stevens,  999^ 

V.  Stewart,  908 

V.  Taxi  Service  Co.,  1347 

V.  Terry,  93 

V.  Vermilhon,  768 
Phillips'  Appeal,  514 
Phillips  &  C.  C.  Co.  V.  Seymour,  187, 

607,  6476 
Philips  V.  WilUams,  319 
Philp  V.  Nock,  1215,  1216,  1220,  1234, 

1240 
Philpot  V.  Evans,  636a,  758 

V.  Taylor,  239a,  837 
Phinizy  v.  Guernsey,  1021 
Phinney  v.  Baldwin,  326 

V.  Hubbard,  1027 
Phippin  p.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1357 
Phipps  V.  Addison,  1272 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2989 


Phipps  V.  Tarpley,  959 

Phoenix,  The,  587 

Phoenix  B.  Co.  «.  Keystone  B.  Co.,  685fc 

Phoenix  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Cochran,  720 

Phoenix  Ins.  Co.  v.  Ryland,  727     , 

Phoenix  J.  C.  Co.  v.  Grant,  189 

Phoenix  M.  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Baker,  730 

Phoenix  Pad  Co.  v.  U.  S.,  685 

Phy  V.  Clark,  821 

Phyfe  V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  132 

iPiaget  Novelty  Co.  v.  Headley,  1230, 

1237 
Piano  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Richards,  762 
Pickens  v.  Coal  R.  B.  &  T.  Co.,  363o, 
942 

V.  McCoy,  326 

I).  Major,  1030 

V.  South  Carolina  &  G.  R.  R.,  226i, 
868 
Pickerill  v.  Louisville,  942 
Pickering  v.  Bardwell,  755 

V.  De  Rochemont,  Silo 

V.  Trustees,  4946 
Pickert  v.  Rugg,  517a 
Picketson  v.  Wright,  303 
Pickett  V.  Bates,  801 

V.  Crook,  368,  387 

V.  Wilmington  &  W.  R.  R.,  574a 
Pickles  V.  Ansonia,  1112o 
Piedmont  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Fitzgerald,  730 
Piedmont  Wagon  Co.  v.  Hudgens,  734 
Pier  V.  Speer,  451 
Pierce  v.  Banton,  774 

V.  Benjamin,  61,  493a,  494c 

V.  Charter  Oak  Life  Ins.  Co.,  308a 

V.  Conners,  574a 

V.  Cornell,  205 

tt.  Dart,  35,  1194 

V.  Dustin,  305 

V.  East  Tenn.,  C.  I.  &  R.  R.,  666 

V.  Faunce,  339a 

V.  Fothergill,  287 

V.  Fuller,  408,  418 

V.  Getchell,  381,  383o,  562 

ti.  Hosmer,  98 

V.  Jung,  416 

V.  Lehigh  V.  C.  Co.,  340 

t>.  Millay,  41,  47,  180,  226/,  481, 
485 

V.  Plumb,  789 


Pierce  v.  Rowe,  345 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  43J 

V.  Small,  1007 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  851 

V.  Spader,  276 

V.  Spokane,  1360 

V.  Strickland,  544 

V.  Tenn.  Coal  Iron  &  R.  Co.,  90 

V.  Van  Dyke,  529 

f .  Wagner,  948 

V.  Woodward,  86 

V.  Worcester  &  N.  R.  R.,  1166 
Piering  v.  Dunham  Mfg.  Co.,  1353 
Pierpont  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Goodman  Prod- 
uce Co.,  218 
Pierro  v.  St.  Paul  &  N.  P.  Ry.,  85c 
Pierson  v.  Eagle  Screw  Co.,  235 

V.  Ells,  685 

V.  Finney,  1258 

V.  Illinois  C.  R.  R.,  865 

V.  Spaulding,  606a 
Pieser  v.  Minkota  Milling  Co.,  294 
Piester  v.  Piester,  330 
Pietro  G.,  The,  857 
Pigou  V.  French,  785 
Pike  V.  Daly,  920 

V.  Dilling,  360,  372 
Pilcher  v.  Central  of  Ga.  Ry.,  854,  856a 

V.  Hickman,  4926 
Pile  V.  Pile,  1083 
Pilfold's  Case,  5,  86,  913 
Pilkington  v.  Commissioner  for  Claims 

on  France,  267 
Pilkins  t).  Hans,  1366 
Pillsbury  v.  Mitchell,  973 
Pirn  V.  Greer,  664 
Pinches  v.  Swedish  Lutheran  Church, 

657 
Pinckney  v.  Dambmann,  734 

V.  Singleton,  334 

V.  Weaver,  414 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  891 
Pindall  v.  Bank  of  Marietta,  345 
Pindar  v.  Wadsworth,  100,  950 
Pine  V.  St.  Paul  City  R.  R.,  363 

V.  Western  Nat.  Bank,  301a 
Pine  County  v.  Willard,  692e 
Pineland  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Guardian  Tr.  Co., 

982 
Pinet  V.  Montague,  669 


2990  TABLE 

[References 

Pingree  v.  Cherokee  &  D.  R.  R.,  1166 

V.  Coffin,  1018 
Pinhom  v.  Tuckington,  302 
Pink  V.  Catanich,  447 
Pinkerton  v.  Manchester  &  Lawrence 
Raiboad,  518 

V.  Randolph,  265,  933 

V.  Snydor,  1336 
Pinkham  v.  Chelmsford,  1171 
Pinkstaff  v.  People,  692c 
Pinkston  v.  Huie,  1008,  1012 

V.  Taliaferro,  797 
Pinney  v.  Andrus,  772 

V.  Barnes,  6d6h 

V.  Berry,  942 

V.  Winchester,  66 

V.  Winsted,  929a 
Pinson  v.  Southern  Ry.,  573a 
Piper  V.  Brown,  1230 

V.  Connelly,  936 

V.  Hoard,  439i 

V.  Kingsbury,  641a 

V.  Menifee,  1040,  1066 
Pipher  v.  Bissonet,  1261 
Pkie  V.  Steele,  715 
Pirkl  V.  Smith,  1235 
Piser  V.  Metropolitan  Elevated  Rail- 
road, 1203 
Pitcher  v.  Livingston,  958,  966,  982 

V.  Lowe,  734 
Pitkin  V.  Leavitt,  148,  962,  982,  983 

V.  Springfield,  1151 
Pitman  v.  Bloch  Queensware  Co.,  169a 

i>.  Connor,  964 

V.  Self,  777 

V.  Universal  Mar.  Ins.  Co.,  714 
Pitt  V.  Kellogg,  200 
Pitts  V.  Hall,  1220,  1228 

V.  Tilden,  678 
Pittsburgh  v.  Scott,  35 
Pittsburg  &   C.   R.   R.   v.   Andrews, 

860 
Pittsburgh  &  L.  E.  Ry.  v.  Blair,  1357 

V.  Jones,  1157 

V.  Robinson,  1169 
Pittsburgh  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Patterson, 
1295 

V.  Perkins,  1175 
Pittsburg,  A.  &  M.  P.  Ry.  v.  Donahue, 
485 


OF  CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Pittsburgh,  B.  &  B.  Ry.  v.  McCloskey, 

1142,  1163 
Pittsburgh,  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry.  v.  Heck, 
753 

V.  Hennigh,  1326 

V.  Hixon,  226d,  937a,  1293 

V.  Lyon,  364,  368 

V.  Morton,  843 

V.  Thompson,  67o 
Pittsburg,  C,  C.  &  S.  L.  Ry.  v.  Blum, 
1365 

V.  Burton,  1367 

V.  Cozatt,  46a 

V.  Ensign,  865 

V.  Indiana  H.  Co.,  935a 

V.  Lightheiser,  1306,  1326 

V.  Lynch,  1270 

V.  Noftsker,  924a 

V.  Reynolds,  865 

V.  Russ,  57  Fed.  822;  380 

V.  Russ,  67  Fed.  662;  865 

V.  Simons,  1356 

V.  Sponier,  44,  86c,  1326 

V.  Staley,  126o 

V.  Sudhoff,  1306,  1367 

V.  Wilson,  631 

V.  Wood,  857a 
Pittsburgh  Coal  Co.  v.  Foster,  190 

V.  Northy,  734 
Pittsburgh,  F.  W.  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Lyons, 
1165 

V.  Powers,  490 

V.  Swinney,  59  Ind.  100;  1166e 

»,  Swinney,  97  Ind.  586;  317 
Pittsburgh  Gauge  Co.  v.  Ashton  Valve 

Co.,  834c,  1304 
Pittsburgh  H.  &  H.  S.  Co.  v.  Bown,  750 
Pittsburg  June.  R.  R.  v.  McCutcheon, 

1120 
Pittsburg  L.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Northern  C  L. 

Ins.  Co.,  778 
Pittsburgh  Nat.  Bank  v.  Hall,  689 
Pittsburg  Sheet  Manuf.  Co.  e.  West 

Penn.  Sheet  Steel  Co.,  734 
Pittsburgh  Southern  R.  R.  v.  Taylor, 

316,  320,  387 
Pittsburgh  V.  &  C.  Railway  v.  Bently, 
1164 

V.  Rose,  1149 

V.  Vance,  1169,  1171 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2991 


Pitsinowsky  v.  Beardsley,  316 
Pixler  V.  Nichols,  673/ 
Pixley  V.  Clark,  33 
Place  V.  Dodge,  316,  441 

V.  Dudley,  1006 
Placer  Co.  v.  Dickerson,  6926 
Plaff  V.  Pacific  Exp.  Co.,  844 
Plaache  v.  Colbum,  665 
Planck  V.  Anderson,  547 
Plank  Road  Co.  v.  Rea,  1142 

V.  Thomas,  1142 
Piano  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Downey,  689a 
Plant  V.  Condit,  1060 

V.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  1115,  1185 
Planters'  Bank  v.  Union  Bank,  278,  819 
Planters'  M.  I.  Co.  v.  Rowland,  725 
Plate  V.  N.  Y.  C.  R.  R.,  86c 
Plath  V.  Braunsdorff,  457 
Piatt  V.  Brand,  636d,  1059 

V.  Brown,  233,  234,  359 

V.  Continental  Ins.  Co.,  341,  724 

V.  Gilchrist,  973 

V.  Grand  Trunk  R.  R.,  965 

V.  Milford,  1163 

V.  Pennsylvania  Co.,  1148 

V.  Root,  941 
Platter  v.  Seymour,  109,  1108 
Plattsmouth  v.  Boeck,  1141 
Plaunt  V.  Railway  Transfer  Co.,  1349 
Playford  v.  United  Kingdom  Tel.  Co., 

878 
Pleasants  v.  Heard,  1326 

V.  North  Beach  &  M.  R.  R.,  101 
Plevin  V.  Henshall,  1075 
Plimpton  V.  Gardiner,  1265 
Plow  Co.  V.  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Plozke  V.  Detroit  U.  Ry.,  1347 
Plowman  v.  McLean,  279c 
Plum  V.  City  of  Kansas,  331a 

V.  Mitchell,  1012 
Plumb  V.  Campbell,  301,  736,  763 

V.  Ives,  1268 

V.  McGannon,  99 

V.  Woodmansee,  682 
Plumer  v.  Prescott,  943 

V.  Simonton,  1007 
Plumleigh  v.  Dawson,  99 
Plummert).  Harbut,  265,  381,  383a,  545, 
943 

V.  Johnson,  1335 


Plummer  v.  Milan,  486 

V.  Penobscot  L.  A.,  136,  324,  948 

V.  Ridgon,  1008,  1011,  1012,  1020 
Plunkett  w.  Meredith,  618 

V.  Minneapolis,  S.  S.  M.  &  A.  Ry., 
437 
Plymouth  v.  Graver,  316,  318,  320 

V.  R.  R.,  1152a,  1167 
Plymouth  Co.  v.  Kerseborm,  6926 
Plympton  v.  WobiuB,  1172o 
Poehlmann  v.  Kertz,  639 
Poett  V.  Streans,  270 
Pogue  V.  Keweah  P.  &  W.  Co.,  408 
Poillon  V.  Volkenning,  681a 
Poindexter  v.  King,  270 
Poingdestre  v.  Royal  Exchange,  715 
Point  St.  Iron  Works  v.  Turner,  239, 

982,  983 
Poland  V.  MUler,  766 
Polhemus  v.  Heiman,  762a,  1060 
Polhemus  Printing  Co.  v.  Hallenbeck, 

678 
Polhill  V.  Walter,  837 
Poll  V.  Numa  Block  Coal  Co.,  1355 
Polk  V.  Allen,  493 

V.  Daly,  665,  667 

V.  Fancher,  360,  373a 
Pollard  V.  Herries,  700 

V.  Pollard,  301c 

V.  Porter,  107c,  679a 
Pollard,  Ex  parte,  415 
Pollitt  V.  Long,  189,  941 
Pollen  V.  LeRoy,  753,  755 
Pollock  V.  Coleglazure,  273 

V.  Ehle,  308 

V.  Gantt,    44o,     127,    378,    682, 
1269 

V.  Maysville  &  B.  S.  R.  R.,  1149 

V.  Whipple,  685Z 
Polly  V.  McCall,  91 
Pomerine  Co.  v.  White,  226/ 
Pomeroy  v.  Burnett,  973 

V.  Smith,  76 
Ponce  V.  Smith,  762 
Pond  V.  Baker,  497 

V.  Harris,  240,  607,  629 

V.  Merrifield,  107d 

V.   MetropoHtan  El.   R.   R.,   95, 
1187,  1190 

V.  Wyman,  667 


2992 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Pond-Decker  Lumber  Co.  v.  Spencer, 

846o 
Ponsonby  v.  Adams,  395 
Pontalba  v.  Phoenix  Ass.  Co.,  724 
Pontiac  v.  Carter,  1108 
Pontifex  v.  Bignold,  100 
Pool  V.  Adkisson,  834 

V.  Devers,  445,  447 

V.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R.,  574o 

V.  Walker,  752 
Poole  V.  Falls  Road  Electric  Ry.,  1116 

V.  Mitchell,  931 

V.  Symonds,  76 

V.  Whitcomb,  108 
Poor  V.  Gibson,  69 
Pope  V.  Barrett,  292,  305,  811,  819 

V.  Benster,  565d,  944 

V.  Campbell,  635 

V.  Filby,  755 

V.  Graniteville  Mfg.  Co.,  614 

».  Jenkins,  633,  536a 

V.  United  States,  999e 

».  Welsh,  451 

».  Western  Union  Telegraph    Co., 
880 
Pope  Metal  Co.  v.  Sandoval  Zinc  Co., 

737 
Poposkey  v.  Munkwitz,  185,  218,  984, 

984a 
Poppers  V.  Meager,  411,  419 
Poppleton  V.  Jones,  312 
Pordage  v.  Cole,  636n 
Pordeaux  v.  Cave,  973 
Port  V.  Jackson,  786, 789 
Port  Blakely  Mill  Co.  v.  Sharkey,  854 
Port  Royal  v.  Graham,  337 
PorteouB  V.  Hazel,  943,  1368 
Porter  v.  Allen,  596 

V.  Botkins,  452 

V.  Bradley,  970,  975,  979,  988 

V.  Burkett,  613,  614 

V.  Dunn,  6736 

V.  D.,  L.  &  W.  Ry.,  43i 

V.  Duval  Co.,  6336 

V.  Grimsley,  305 

V.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  R.  R.,  44,  47 

V.  Henderson,  449 

V.  Hildebrand,  873 

V.  Hopkins,  685fc 

V.  Hundred  of  Regland,  1288 


Porter  v.  Johnson,  134 

V.  Knight,  682,  682a 

V.  Metropolitan  Elevated  Railway, 
1189 

V.  Midland  Ry.,  95,  924a 

V.  Munger,  308 

V.  New  England,  The,  862 

V.  Patterson,  311 

V.  Russek,  306 

V.  Sayward,  554 

V.  Seller,  372 

V.  Stanley,  692e 

V.  State,  789 

V.  Travis,  1023 

V.  Tull,  999c 

V.  Woods,  660,  662,  1039 
Porter  Needle  Co.  v.  National  Needle 

Co.,  1224 
Porterfield  v.  Bond,  1110 
Portis  V.  Merrill,  331 
Portland  v.  Lee  Sam,  1168 
Portland  &  Rochester  R.  R.  v.  Deering, 

1165c,  1169 
Portman  v.  Middleton,  153,  240,  618 
Portland  Bank  v.  Stubbs,  841 
Portland  Co.  v.  Searle,  752 
Portsmouth,  City  of,  1350 
Portsmouth  Ins.  Co.  v.  Brazee,  713 
Portsmouth  Sav.  Bank  v.  Yeiser,  1016 
Portsmouth  St.  R.  R.  v.  Reed,  573a 
Posey  V.  Garth,  659 

V.  Mayer,  325 
Post  V.  Mtna,  Ins.  Co.,  727 

V.  Campau,  968 

V.  Doremus,  688 

V.  Hartford  St.  Ry.,  36o 

V.  Hampshire  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  726 

V.  Jones,  599c 

V.  Munn,  171a 

V.  Olmsted,  1367 

V.  West  Shore  Ry.,  1334 
Post  Pub.  Co.  V.  Butler,  448a 

V.  Hallam,  446 
Postal  T.  C.  Co.  V.  Alabama  &  V.  R.  R., 
1152a 

V.  Barwise,  888 

V.  Beal,  8816 

V.  Bruen,  11496 

V.  Coote,  1354 

V.  Hulsey,  123 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2993 


[References 

Postal  T.  C.  Co.  V.  Lathrop,  891 

V.  Likes,  485 

V.  Louisville  C.  O.  Co.,  891 

V.  Louisiana  W.  R.  R.,  1176 

V.  Morgan's  L.  &  T.  R.  R.  &  S.  S. 
Co.,  1165,  1176 

V.  Nichols,  885 

V.  Peyton,  1334 

V.  Schaefer,  875,  885 

V.  Sunset  Const.  Co.,  881o 

V.  Talerico,  882 

V.  Terrell,  45o,  47,  894 
Posthoff  V.  Bauendahl,  431 
Poston  V.  Jones,  999d 
Potapsco  V.  Magee,  538 
Potomac,  The,  196,  593 
Potomac  Co.  v.  Union  Bank,  339 
Potomac  Power  Co.  v.  Burchell,  410 
Potter  V.  Ahrens,  418 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  21  Wis. 
372;  575 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  22  Wis. 
615;  1328 

V.  Froment,  1265 

ti.  Greene,  673a 

V.  Lansing,  554a 

V.  McPherson,  412 

V.  Mellen,  98  i 

V.  Merchants'  Bank,  256 

V.  MetropoUtan  Ry.,  1370 

V.  Necedah  Lumber  Co.,  439a,  439d 

V.  Ocean  Ins.  Co.,  715 

V.  Providence  Washington  Ins.  Co., 
712 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1367 

V.  Scale,  1328 

V.  Taylor,  968,  979 

V.  Thompson,  1326,  1328,  1330 

V.  Truitt,  999e 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Potts  V.  Chicago  C.  Ry.,  481,  485 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1154 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c 
Potvin  V.  West  Bay  City  Shipbuilding 

Co.,  1359 
Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  In 

re,  1185 
Poulton  V.  Lattimore,  1038 
Pounder  v.  Northeastern  Railway,  150 
Pounsett  V.  Fuller,  1002,  1004,  1017 

188 


are  to  sections] 

Pow  V.  Davis,  236,  837,  838 

Powe  V.  Powe,  278 

Powel  V.  Hord,  547 

Powell  V.  Burroughs,  405,  416,  999o 

V.  Columbia,  1140 

V.  Hinsdale,  542 

V.  Horrell,  310o 

V.  Horton,  762 

V.  Howard,  657 

V.  Martyr,  310& 

V.  Monson  &  B.  M.  Co.,  922 

V.  Nevada  C.  &  O.  Ry.,  1361 

V.  Peck,  325 

V.  Ong,  256 

V.  Salisbury,  125a 

V.  Smith,  785 

V.  Trustees  of  Newburgh,  834 
Power  V.  Fleming,  431 

V.  Harlow,  481 

V.  Whitmore,  717 
Powers  V.  Council  Bluffs,  95 

V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  363,  1192 

V.  Maravia,  1349 

V.  Presgroves,  449 

V.  Tilley,  504 

e.  Walker,  612a 

V.  Ware,  86 

V.  Wheatley,  640a 

V.  Wilson,  673/ 
Praed  v.  Graham,  1326 
Prader  v.  Grimm,  236,  685m 
Prairie  Farmer  Co.  v.  Taylor,  1061 
Pratt  V.  Davis,  171a 

V.  Greenwich  &  J.  Ry.,  1365 

V.  Hampe,  467 

V.  Hudson  R.  R.  R.,  6226 

V.  Manhattan  L.  Ins.  Co.,  301 

V.  Menkens,  1031,  1042 

V.  Paine,  607 

V.  Pond,  381,  387 

V.  S.  Freeman  &  Sons  Manuf .  Co., 
753 
Pray  v.  Wasdell,  688a 
Preble  v.  Bottom,  6556 
Predmore  v.  Consumers'  L.  &  P.  Co., 

1367 
Prehn  v.  Royal  Bank,  171o,  622,  707, 

1310a 
Preiser  v.  Weilandt,  43j 
Prentice  v.  Elliott,  310a 


2994 


TABLE    OF   CASES 


[References 

Prentice  v.  Pickersgill,  12866 
Prentiss  ti.  Ledyard,  674 

V.  Shaw,  466 
Presbrey  v.  Old  Colony  &  N.  R.  R., 

1172a 
Prescott  V.  Otterstatter,  993 

V.  Robinson,  44 

V.  Tousey,  445 

V.  Trueman,  967,  970,  973 

V.  Walton,  1326 
President   of   Newburyport   Bank   v. 

Stone,  800 
President,  The,  864 
Preslar  v.  Stallworth,  807 
Press  Pub.  Co.  v.  McDonald,  368,  377, 
380a,  385,  445 

V.  Monroe,  361,  12466 
Presser  v.  Hildenbrand,  1016 
Pressman  v.  Mooney,  580 
Prestman  v.  Silljacks,  943 
Preston  v.  Cedar  Rapids,  1177 

V.  Frey,  451 

V.  Walker,  345 
Prestridge  ,u.  Irwin,  310 
Prestwood  v.  Carlton,  990e 

V.  McGowin,  959 

V.  Watson,  906,  910 
Prettyman  v.  Oregon  Ry.  &  N.  Co., 

844 
Prevo  V.  Lathrop,  324a 
Prewitt  V.  Southwestern  T.  &  T.  Co., 

1369 
Prewitt-Spurr  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Woodall,  '67o 
Price  V.  Clapp,  382 

V.  Deal,  970,  975,  979 

V.  Eisen,  984,  984a 

V.  Green,  418 

V.  Great  W.  Ry.,  290 

V.  High  Shoals  Mfg.  Co.,  99,  224 

V.  Justrobe,  2795,  734 

V.  Keyes,  59 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1363 

V.  Murray,  134,  930 

V.  Peterson,  3116 

V.  Reeves,  270 

V.  Reynolds,  1039,  1040 

V.  Ships  Small  Dainage  Iris.  Assoc, 
716 

V.  The  Uriel,  844 

V.  Wright,  172 


are  to  sections] 

Price  &  Lucas  C.  &  V.  Co.  v.  Haley, 

1356 
Prickett  v.  Badger,  834o 

V.  Ritter,  999j 
Pridgen  v.  Andrews,  325 
Pridgin  v.  Strickland,  493a 
Priebe  v.  Mooreland,  226^ 
Priest  V.  Eide,  336 

V.  Nichols,  214 
Priestly  V.  Northern  Indiana  &  C.  R. 

R.,  165,  190,  856 
Prignitz  V.  McTieman,  251 
Prime  V.  Eastwood,  47,  444(i 
Primrose  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,   154, 

876,  890 
Prince  V.  Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle,  361 

V.  Conner,  493 

V.  Socialistic  C.  P.  Assoc,  363 

V.  State  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  370,  603 
Princeton  v.  Gieske,  1110 
Pringle  v.  Spaulding,  1007 
Printing  Assoc,  t.  Smith,  448,  448c 
Pritchard  v.  Edison  E.  I.  Co.,  948 

V.  Fox,  762 

V.  Hewitt,  1368 

V.  Long,  929 

V.  Martin,  665,  666,  667,  674 
Prichard  v.  Mulhall,  1023 
Pritchett  V.  Boevey,  236,  241,  463,  1257 
Probate  Court  v.  Bates,  57 

V.  Slason,  106,  692fc 
Probate  Judge  v.  Heydock,  692y 
Proctor  V.  Houghtaling,  451 
Procter  v.  Southern  Cal  R.  R.,  47 
Producers'  Oil  Co.  v.  Barnes,  1331 
Pronskevitch  v.  Chicago  &  A.  Ry.,  1309, 

1358 
Propeller  Monticello  v.  Mollison,  67o 
Property  Co.  v.  Westj  622 
Proprietors   of   the   Quincy   Canal   v. 

Newcomb,  35 
Proprietors  of  Locks  &  Canals  v.  Lowell 
Horse  R.  R.,  240 

V.  Nashua  &  L.  R.  R.,  1119,  1154c 
Proprietors  of  Mills  v.  Randolph,  1161 
Propsom  V.  Leatham,  1348 
Prospect  Park  &  C.  I.  R.  R.,  Matter  of, 

1185 
Prosser  v.  Jones,  121d,  151 

V.  Whitney,  688 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


2995 


[ReferfenCes 

Proudlove  v.  Twemlow,  61,  990o 
Prouty  V.  Bell,  1262 

V.  Lake  S.  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  324o 
Providence,  The,  592,  593 
Providence  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Worcester, 

1171 
Providence  Rubber  Co.  v.  Goodyear, 

1243 
Providence-Washington    Ins.    Co.    v. 

Western  U.  T.  Co.,  881 
Provident  S.  L.  A.  Soo.  v.  Johnson,  1335 
Prowell  V.  Waterloo,  1347 
Prude  V.  Sebastian,  182b 
Prueitt   V.    Cheltenham   Quarry    Co., 

363o,  364,  365,  366 
Pruett  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  881 
Pruitt  V.  Cox,  66,  473,  476 
Pruyn  v.  Milwaukee,  326,  337 
Pryce  v.  Belcher,  1257 
Pryor  v.  Foster,  4396, 754,  990c 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  R.  R.,  482a 
Pucket  V.  St.  Louis,  etc.,  Ry.,  84a 
Pueblo,  City  of,  u.  Strait,  1123 
Puget  Sound  Com.  Co.  v.  The  Taylor, 

587 
Pugh  V.  McCarty,  449 

V.  McRae,  551 

V.  Porter  Bros.  Co.,  822 
Pugmire  v.  Oregon  S.  L.  R.  R.,  1270o 
Pugsley  V.  Gillespie,  1024 

V.  Ring,  93 
Pujol  B.  McKinlay,  307,  313a 
Pulaski  G.  L.  Co.  v.  McClintock,  1367 
Pulaski   Stave  Co.  v.  Miller's   Creek 

Lumber  Co.,  162 
PuUen  V.  Boston  E.  Ry.,  172 

V.  Chase,  302a 
Puller  V.  Staniforth,  858,  1034 
PulUng  V.  Great  Eastern  Ry.,  573 
Pullman  v.  Coming,  656,  659 
Pullman  Co.  v.  Cox,  47,  864 

V.  Custer,  1342 

V.  Krauss,  873n 

V.  Pennock,  1342 
Pulhnan  P.  C.  Co.  v.  Barker,  121&,  868, 
869,  873a 

V.  Bluhm,  221/ 

V.  Booth,  873o 

V.  Fowler,  1342 

V.  King,  865 


are  to  sections] 

Pullman  P.  C.  Co.  v.  Gavin,  873o 

V.  Lawrence,  380,  385,  134S 

V.  Lowe,  873a 

V.  McDonald,  865 

V.  Matthews,  873a 

V.  Nelson,  873a,  1342 

V.  Polloek,  873aj 

V.  Reed,  873a 

V.  Trimble,  884a 
Pullman  Co.  v.  Lutz,  371o 
Puis  V.  Powelson,  1353 
Pumpelly   v.  Green  Bay    Co.,   1107, 
1116 

i;.  Phelps,  1011 
Pungs  V.  American  Brake  Beam  Co., 

316 
Puiiteney-Mitohell  Manuf .  Co.  v.  T.  G. 

Northwall  Co.,  772 
Purcell  V.  Blannerhassett,  340a 

V.  Daly,  8736 

V.  Lauer,  1216,  1367 

V.  St.  Paul  C.  Ry.,  43ft,  1216,  860 

V.  Wilson,  922 
Purdom  Naval  Stores  Co.  v.  Western 

U.  T.  Co.,  882 
Purdy  V.  Philips,  302a 
Pure  Oi!  Co.  v.  Terry,  691a 
Puritan  Coke  Co.  v.  Clark,  752 
Pursell  V.  Fry,  314 
Pusey  V.  Allegheny,  1120 
Puterbaugh  v.  Puterbaugh,  1016 
Putnam  v.  Douglas,  1130,  1148 

V.  Lewis,  301 

V.  Lomax,  1231 

V.  Ritchie,  916 

V.  Wise,  762 
Putney  v.  Lapham,  75 
Putney  Bros.  Co.  v.  Milwaukee  li.  H. 

&  T.  Co.,  1150 
Putz  V.  St.  Paul  Gas  Light  Co.,  1347 
Pye  V.  British  Automobile  Co.,  6206 

V.  Faxon,  927 
Pym  V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  573o 


Quain  v.  Russell,  1248 
Qualy  V.  Johnson,  905,  906 
Quarles  v.  George,  737 
V.  Quarles,  301o 


2996  TABLE 

IReferences 

Quarman  v.  Burnett,  810 

Quay  V.  Duluth,  S.  I.  &  A.  Ry.,  199, 

436 
Queen  v.  Brown,  1080 

V.  Cambrian  Ry.,  1098 

V.  Doolan,  1067 

V.   Eastern   Counties   Ry.,    1093, 
1108 

V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1096 

V.  Hubert,  95 

V.  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works, 
1096,  1097 

V.  Poulter,  1104 

V.  Vaughan,  1097 
Queen,  The,  588,  599 
Queen  City  Bank  v.  Brown,  1031 
Queen  Ins.  Co.  v.  Jefferson  Ice  Co., 
302 

V.  McCoin,  722 
Quigley  v.  Central  P.  R.  R.,  5  Sawy. 
107;  47 

«.  Central  P.  R.  R.,  11  Nev.  350; 
359,  481,  1326 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  67 
Quill  V.  Southern  Pac.  Ry.,  575 
Quillen  v.  Betts,  98,  101 
Quin  V.  Bay  State  Distilling  Co.,  310, 
314 

V.  Moore,  98,  109 
Quinby  v.  Strauss,  439fc 

V.  Minn.  Tribune  Co.,  449 
Quincy  v.  Jones,  1108 
Quincy  Coal  Co.  v.  Hood,  575 
Quincy,    M.   &   P.  R.    R.  v.    Bidge, 

1140 
Quinn  v.  Baldwin  Star  Coal  Co.,  685& 

V.   Chicago,    M.    &    St.    P.   Ry., 
942 

V.  Lloyd,  271 

V.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  481 

V.  O'Keefe,  1354 

V.  Scott,  448a 

V.  Silka,  685A; 

V.  South  C.  Ry.,  360,  380 

V.  Van  Pelt,  30,  831 
Quinnipiac  Brewing  Co.  v.  Hackbarth, 

691 
Quint  i;.  Dimond,  937 
Quirk  V.  Siegel-Cooper  Co.,  1356 
Quivey  v.  Hall,  334 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 


R.  F.  Scott  Grocery  Co.  v.  Kelly,  565a, 

565c 
R.  H.  White  Co.  v.  Jerome  H.  Remick 

&  Co.,  636s 
R.  J.  Menz  Lumber  Co.  v.  McNeeley, 

734 
Rabb  V.  Patterson,  908 
Rabboni,  The,  597a 
Rabe  v.  Schoenberger  Coal  Co.,  925 
Rabinowitz  v.  Cohen,  446 
Racine  v.  Erie  R.  R.,  1367 
Radcliff  V.  Brooklyn,  1108,  1113,  1115, 

1182,  1185 
Rader  v.  Yeargin,  692j 
Radley  v.  Seider,  1256 
Radloff  V.  Haase,  106 
Radjaviller  v.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  1353 
Raeside  v.  Hamm,  772 
Rafferty  v.  Buckman,  583,  1248 

V.  Davis,  909a 

V.  Erie  R.  R.,  1367 
Ragan  v.  Kansas  City  &  S.  E.  R.  R., 

1140,  1151,  1171 
Ragland  v.  Conqueror  Zinc  Cos.,  616 

V.  Norfolk  &  Washington  (D.  C.) 
Steamboat  Co.,  1342 
RagsdaJe  v.  Ezell,  1345 
Rahm  v.  Deig,  156,  734 
Rahway  v.  Crowell,  692& 
Rail  V.  Little  Falls  Lumber  Co.,  750 
Railey  v.  Hopkins,  564,  565 
Railroad  v.  Androscoggin  Mills,  846 

V.  Berry,  873 

V.  Cabinet  Co.,  419,  856a 

V.  Cable  Co.,  1149 

V.  Combs,  1134,  1293 

V.  Foreman,  1144 

V.  Fox,  1130 

V.  Fraloff,  851 

V.  Freeman,  1154 

i;.  Gesner,  331a 

V.  Holmes,  318 
■   V.  Hughes,  1143 

V.  Hutchins,  504,  934 

V.  Keith,  226a 

V.  Kirby,  1130 

V.  Lackland,  235a 

V.  Levy,  878 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


2997 


Railroad  v.  Linthicum,  574o 

V.  Littler,  1154 

V.  Lockwood,  268 

V.  O'Connor,  1141 

V.  Pratt,  846 

V.  Reeves,  119 

V.  Roberts,  368 

V.  Root,  1244 

V.  Sav.  Union,  1155 

V.  Simon,  851 

V.  Southern  S.  &  C.  Co.,  161 

i;.  Smith,  647a 

V.  Telegraph  Co.,  1149 

V.  Trustees,  221 

V.  Turrill,  1244 

V.  Tyree,  1144,  1162 

V.  Wyrick,  573a 
Railway  Advertising  Co.  v.  Standard 
R.  C.  Co.,  178  N.  Y.  570;  636c 

V.  Standard  R.  C.  Co.,  83  App. 
Div.  191;  608 
Raines  v.  Calloway,  975 

V.  New  York  Press  Co.,  384a 
Rainey  v.  Hinds  County,  1123 

V.  Kemp,  3836 
Rains  v.  Herring,  565c 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  573, 
675 
Rajnowski  v.  Detroit,  B.  C.  &  A.  R.  R., 

117 
Raleigh  &  A.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Wicker,  1148, 

1165 
Raleigh  L.  Co.  v.  Wilson,  1059 
Rail  V.  Cook,  82,  1069 
Ralli  V.  New  York  &  T.  S.  S.  Co.,  590, 
596 

V.  Rockmore,  6366,  737 
Ralph  V.  Eldridge,  789 
Ralph  B.  Carter  Co.  v.  Fischer,  2126 
Ralston  v.  Bank  of  California,  4926,  517 
•    V.  The  State  Rights,  364,  587 

V.  Wood,  797 
Ramish  v.  Kirschbraun,  735c 
Ramlose  v.  DoUman,  419 
Ramsay  v.  Davis,  12866 

V.  Gardner,  834 

V.  Meade,  625 

V.  People,  692/ 
Ramsey  v.  Holmes  Electric  Protective 
Co.,  633 


Ramsey  v.  Hurley,  256 

V.  Maberry,  611 

V.  Perth  Amboy  S.  &  E.  Co.,  205 

V.  Wallace,  959 
Ramsden's  Case,  1260 
Ranck  v.  Albright,  664,  673e 

V.  Cedar  Rapids,  1169 
Rand  v.  Barrett,  334 

V.  Boston,  1119 

V.  Butte  E.  Ry.,  1345 

V.  White  M.  R.  R.,  736,  753 

V.  Webber,  1053 
Randall  v.  American  F.  I.  Co.,  724 

V.  Carpenter,  237,  685/ 

V.  Duff,  304 

V.  Evening  News  Assoc,  445,  451 

V.  Greenhood,  293,  545 

V.  Newson,  124,  164a,  765 

V.  Raper,  191,  768 

V.  Sprague,  857 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  8946 
Randell  v.  Mallett,  973,  974 

V.  Trimen,  239a,  837 

V.  Wheble,  547 
Randleman  v.  Taylor,  534 
Randolf  v.  Bloomfield,  948 
Randolph  v.  People,  334 

V.  Town  Site,  331a 
Randon  v.  Barton,  516c,  734,  745 
Raney  v.  Baron,  688 
Rangenier  v.  Seattle  Electric  Co.,  1356 
Ranger  v.  Hearne,  745 
Rank  v.  Rank,  1261 
Rankin  v.  Harper,  1048 

V.  Mitchell,  493 

V.  Pacific  R.  R.,  854 

V.  Pittsburg,  1151 
Ranlet  v.  Concord  R.  R.,  1168 
Rannels  v.  Washington  Univ.,  922 
Ransberry  v.  North  American  Transp., 

etc.,  R.  R.,  864 
Ransom  v.  Cobb,  334 

V.  Halcott,  550 

V.  McCurley,  346 

V.  New  York,  1229 

V.  New  York  &  E.  Ry.,  481 
Ransone  v.  Christian,  49  Ga.  491;  452 

i).  Christian,  66  Ga.  351;  96 
Rantz  V.  Barnes,  36a 
Rany  v.  Governor,  6926 


2998 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Rapelie  v.  Emory,  311a 

Raphe!  v.  Burt,  774 

Rapid  Transit  Ry.  v.  Allen,  172,  1262 

V.  Smith,  123 
Rapson  v.  Cubitt,  482,  810 
Rash  V.  Jenne,  959 
Ratcliff  V.  Baird,  673 
Ratliff  V.  Huntley,  364,  366 
Ratteree  v.  Chapman,  316 
Rau  V.  Minn.  V.  R.  R.,  70 
Raupman  v.  Evansville,  237 
Ravenscroft  v.  Eyles,  544,  605 
Raver  v.  Webster,  683 
Rawitzer  v.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1372 
Rawlings  v.  Adams,  681 

V.  Anheuser-Busch  Brewing  Assoc, 
334 

V.  Clyde,  P.  &  M.  R.  R.,  1216 

V.  Morgan,  999A 

V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  864 
Rawlins  v.  Vidvard,  1254 
Rawls  V.  American  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  729 
Rawson  v.  Clark,  655c 

V.  Dole,  552,  553,  554 

V.  Grow,  302a 

V.  Leggett,  1337 

V.  Pratt,  990e 

V.  Samuel,  1031 
Rau  V.  Haines,  673a 

u.  Justices,  692A; 

V.  Light,  256 
Raybourn  v.  Ramsdell,  993 
Rayburn  v.  Central  Iowa  Ry.,  1355 

V.  Comstock,  614 

V.  Day,  298 
Raymond  v.  Andrews,  909,  910 

V.  Cooper,  789 

V.  Edelbrock,  413 

V.  Green,  237,  682o 

V.  Isham,  308,  311 

V.  Keseberg,  172 

V.  McKinney,  3406 

V.  Traffarn,  1260 

V.  Williams,  310 

V.  Yarrington,  632 
Raymore  Realty  Co.  v.  Pfotenhauer- 

Neabit  Co.,  742 
Rayner  v.  Clark,  678 

V.  Jones,  606o,  611,  734 

V.  Kinney,  447 


Rayner  v.  Nims,  365,  384a 

V.  Valentin  Blatz  Brew.  Co.,  182, 
1826,  189,  987 
Razzo  V.  Varni,  941,  1203 
Raynolds  v.  Vinier,  1335 
Raynowski  v.  Detroit  B.  C.  &  A.  R.  R., 

1303 
Rea  V.  Harrington,  360,  377,  385,  443 

V.  Minkler,  970 

V.  Rea,  921 

V.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.,  1270o 
Rea-Patterson  Mill  Co.  v.  Myrick,  1331 
Reab  v.  M'Alister,  298,  1039 

V.  Moor,  673/ 
Read  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  574 

V.  Great  Eastern  Ry.,  571c 

V.  Mutual  Safety  Ins.  Co.,  719 

V.  Spaulding,  119,  119d 
Reade  v.  Street,  334 
Readfield  v.  Shaver,  629e 
Reading  v.  Commonwealth,  946 

1).  Donovan,  199 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  226/ 
Reading  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Bathasar,  331o 
Reading  Ins.  Co.  v.  Egelhoff,  722 
Reading  Stove  Works  v.  Howes,  1246c 
Readington  v.  DiUey,  1167 
Reagan  R.  B.  Co.  v.  Dickson  C.  W. 

Co.,  742a 
Ream  v.  Watkins,  667 
Reamer  v.  Morrison  Exp.  Co.,  1326 
Reardon  v.  San  Francisco,  1118 
Rearick  v.  Wilcox,  4485 
Reason  v.  Wirdnam,  805 
Reaves  v.  Anniston  Knitting  Mills,  43ff 
Reba,  The,  587 
Rebecca,  The,  594 
Rebecca  Clyde,  The,  336 
Recohs  V.  Younglove,  976 
Rectenbaugh    v-    Northwestern    Port 

Huron  Co.,  240 
Rector  v.  Mark,  340 
Rector-Wilhelmy  Co.  v.  Nisson,  1298 
Red  V.  Augusta,  183 
Reddin  v.  Gates,  41,  386,  489 
Redding  v.  Godwin,  257,  778,  1030 
Reddington  v.  Gilman,  344 
Redfern  v.  Smith,  950 
Redfield  v.  Bartels,  340 

!;.  Haight,  789,  793a,  804 


TABLE 

[References 

Redfield  v.  Oakland  Consol.  St.  R.  R., 
577,  1367 

V.  Redfield,  360,  365,  1345 

V.  Ystalyfera  Iron  Co.,  335,  34Q 
Redington  v.  Nunan,  226c 

V.  Pacific  P.  T.  Co.,  876 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  892 
Redmond  v.  American  Mfg.  Co.,  538 
Redon  v.  Caffin,  188,  932 
Red  River  &  L.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Sture,  1156 
Redwood  V.  M.  R.  R.,  360 
Reece  v.  Knott,  334 
Reed  v.  Bias,  265,  929a 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  R.  R.,  1151 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  171, 
171o 

V.  Chicago,  St.  P.,  M.  &  O.  Ry., 
1350 

V.  Clark,  638,  6386,  640o 

V.  Davis,  930o 

V.  Detroit,  2216 

V.  Ford,  433 

V.  Hamilton,  966,  973 

V.  Hanover  B.  R.  R.,  331o,  1151 

V.  Hayt,  751 

V.  Holloway,  777 

V.  Jones,  339a 

V.  Keith,  363 

V.  Lawrence,  1231,  1243 

V.  McConnell,  613,  1294 

V.  New  York  &  R.  Gas  Co.,  378, 
380,  929,  1334 

V.  Norris,  801 

V.  Ohio  &  M.  Ry.,  253 

V.  Paul,  972 

V.  Pierce,  973,  979 

V.  Price,  69 

V.  Queen  Anne's  R.  R.,  574o 

V.  Reed,  339a 

V.  Rodgers,  317 

V.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  1208 

V.  Vastine,  363a 

V.  Wall,  1160 

V.  Ward,  9996 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  892 
Reed  Lumber  Co.  v.  Lewis,  152,  156 
Reed's  Petition,  1173 
Reeder  v.  Purdy,  41  111.  279;  70 

V.  Purdy,  48  111.  261;  363,  365, 

372 


OF  CASES  2999 

are  to  sectiojis] 

Reeder  v.  TruUinger,  1021 

Reems  v.  New  Orleans  G.  N.  R.  R.> 

1352 
Reeks  v.  Seattle  Electric  Co.,  1356 
Rees  V.  Peltzef,  685m 
Reese  V.  Gordon,  695 

V.  McQuilkin,  959,  960 

V.  Miles,  762 

V.  Rutherford,  324a 

V.  Smith,  977 

V.  Steams,  270 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894 
Reeve  v.  Gallivan,  737 
Reeves  v.  Andrews,  107d 

V.  Cress,  734 

V.  John,  665 

V.  Lane,  343 

«.  ?ilcComeskey,  999c 

V.  Penrose,  363o,  3835 

V.  PuUiam,  807 

V.  Stipp,  331,  411 

V.  Toronto,  1110 

V.  Winn,  377,  385,  445 
Regan  V.  New  York,  N-  H.  &  H.  R.  R., 

67a,  315,  317,  318 
Regepsperger  v.  Kiefer,  364,  44Sd 
Regent's  Canal  Co.,  1082 
Reger  v.  Rochester  R.  R.,  1367 
Reget  V.  Bell,  1252 
Reggio  V.  Braggiotti,  236,  238, 241, 762, 

773,  982 
Regina  v.  Fall,  103,  IO9 

V.  Grand  Trunk  R.  R.,  330 

V.  Henderson,  338 

V.  Justices  of  West  Riding,  1368 
.    V.  Pearce,  1090 
Regina  M.  B.  Co.  v.  Otto,  1243 
Regis  p.  Co.  V.  Santa  Clara  L.  Co.,  636^ 
Regor  V.  Rochester  Ry.,  1373 
Reiber  0.  Butler,  etc.,  R.  B.,  1161 
Reichenbach  v.  Sage,  419 
Reichert  v.  Blaokenstross,  942 
Reid  ».  Dunklin,  556 

V.  FairbaijJss,  499,  506a 

V.  Furnival,  703 

V.  Johnson,  626 

ti.  Rensselaer  Glass  Factory,  312 

V.  Terwilliger,  1254 
Reidhar  v.  Berger,  467 
Reiger  v.  Worth,  191,  764,  768 


3000 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Reilly  v.  Connors,  646 
V.  Ft.  Dodge,  1112a 
V.  Jones,  410,  414 
Reilley  v.  McMinn,  406 
Reilly  v.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  120Sc 

V.  Sicilian  Asphalt  Paving  Co.,  85c 
Reindel  v.  Schell,  408,  1274 
Reiner  v.  Jones,  991 
Reisan  v.  Mott,  456 
Reisenberg  v.  New  York  City  Ry.,  1334 
Reisert  v.  New  York,  948 
Reisnerw.  Atchison  U.  D.  &  R.  R.,  1148, 

1154 
Reiss  V.  New  York  Steam  Co.,  128  N. 
Y.  103;  316 
V.  New  York  Steam  Co.,  59  N.  Y. 

Super.  Ct.  57;  318,  319 
V.  Wilmington  City  Ry.,  484 
Reitenbaugh  v.  Ludwick,  514 
Reiter  ».  Morton,  193 
Reiter-Conley  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Hamlin,  674a 
Reizenstein  v.  Clark,  382 
Relf  V.  Rapp,  851 
Reliance  L.  Co.  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co., 

881 
Relyea  v.  New  Haven  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

1068 
Remelee  v.  Hall,  90,  636flr,  666 
Remington  v.  Eastern  R.  R.,  308a 

i).  Kirby,  363 
Remmers  v.  Seky,  673d 
Remy  v.  Olds,  636(i 
Rend  v.  Boord,  308a,  310 
Randall  v.  Hayward,  1368 
Renfro  v.  Hughes,  55,  494,  515 
Renick  v.  Orser,  553,  554 
Renihan  v.  Wright,  45 
Renkert  v.  Elliott,  370,  681a,  683 
Renn  v.  Spiers,  675a 
Renne  v.  U.  S.  Leather  Co.,  1357 
Rennell  v.  Kimball,  341 
Renner  v.  Canfield,  43/ 
Reno  V.  Kingsbury,  535,  537,  538 

V.  Mendenhall,  9996 
Reno,  The,  589 
Rens  V.  Grand  Rapids,  1042 
Rensselaer  Glass  Factory  v.  Reid,  283, 

296 
Renwick  v.  Davenport  R.  R.,   1148, 

1154,  1157 


Redpath  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Reporters'  Assoc,  v.  Sun  P.  &  P.  Assoc, 

1261 
Republican  Pub.  Co.  v.  Conroy,  364 

V.  Mosman,  443,  448c,  451 
Respectable  A.  I.  F.  R.  Association  v. 

Eagleson,  325 
Respini  v.  Porta,  9996 
Respublica  v.  Mitchell,  338 

V.  Nicholson,  336 
Ressegiew  v.  Sioux  City,  1112a 
Resser  v.  Carney,  977 

V.  Corwin,  999/ 
Retan  v.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  1326 
Revell  V.  Smith,  685/ 
Rex  V.  Gill,  118 

V.  Merchants'  Ins.  Co.,  725 

V.  Mountford,  1098,  1102 

V.  Sedger,  1171c 

V.  Young,  1160a 
Rexford  v.  Comstock,  308a 

0.  Knight,  1187 
Rexter  v.  Starin,  226/ 
Reyenthaler  w.  Philadelphia,  1163 
Reynolds  v.  Braithwaite,  226(7,  363a, 
366,  941 

V.  Bridge,  416,  418 

V.  Callender,  751 

V.  Chandler  R.  Co.,  224 

V.  Cox,  1028,  1053 

V.  Dickson,  1032 

ti.  Franklin,  778,  1030 

V.  Jones,  85 

V.  Jourdan,  6556 

ti.  Levi,  607 

V.  Manhattan  Trust  Co.,  733a 

V.  Mardis,  310a 

II.  Narragansett  E.  L.  Co.,  674o 

V.  Ocean  Ins.  Co.,  711 

V.  Reynolds,  909a 

V.  Robinson,  664a,  671 

V.  Shuler,  55 

V.  Smith,  1346 

V.  Tucker,  448c 

V.  WiUiams,  931 
Rhemke  v.  Clinton,  76,  296,  317 
Rhea  «.  Swain,  959 
Rheinfeldt  v.  Dahlman,  497 
Rhey  v.  Ebensburg  &  S.  P.  R.  Co.,  627 
Rhind  v.  Freedley,  734 


TABLE 

[References 

Rhine  v.  Morris,  lOTi 

Rhinelander  v.  Pennsylvania  Ins.  Co., 

711 
Rhinesmith  v.  Erie  R.  R.,  485o 
Rhoda  V.  Alameda  County,  944 
Rhoades  v.  Chesapeake  &  O.  Ry.,  666 

V.  Selsey,  289 
Rhoads  v.  Chicago  &  A.  Ry.,  584o 

V.  Woods,  78 
Rhodes  V.  Airedale  D.  Comrs.,  1090 

V.  Auld,  685A 

V.  Baird,  188,  988,  988a 

V.  Burkart,  689o 

V.  Cleveland  Rolling  Mill  Co.,  636a, 
636c,  753 

V.  Clute,  655 

V.  Granby  Cotton  Mills,  366 

V.  Rodgers,  386 

V.  Sperry  &  Hutchinson  Co.,  1343 
Rhode  Island,  The,  2  Blatch.  113;  593 
Rhode  Island,  The,  Olcott,  505;  592 
Rhode  Island,  The,  1  Abb.  Adm.  100; 

593 
Rhys  V.  Dare  Valley  Ry.,  331a 
Ribich  V.  Lake  Superior  Smelting  Co., 

1359 
Rice  V.  Ashland  County,  305 

!).  Baker,  988 

V.  Baxendale,  844 

V.  Boston,  P.  &  S.  A.  Soc,  301c 

V.  Cassells,  536 

V.  Coolidge,  1261 

V.  Cook,  685a 

V.  Cottrel,  448a,  448(f 

V.  Council  Bluffs,  47 

V.  Crescent  City  R.  R.,  570 

V.  Danville,  L.  &  N.  T.  R.  R.,  1138o 

V.  Des  Moines,  228 

V.  Dudley,  999/ 

V.  Forsyth,  760 

V.  Goddard,  1053 

V.  HoUenbeck,  499,  934 

V.  Indianapolis  &  St.  L.  R.  R.,  844 

V.  Manley,  246,  739 

V.  Nickerson,  469 

V.  Olin,  1030 

V.  Ontario  Steamboat  Co.,  274, 845 

V.  Partello,  6556 

V.  Reece,  1348 

V.  Rice,  13  Ind.  562;  688 


OP  CASES  3001 

are  to  sections] 

Rice  V.  Rice,    104   Mich.  371;  171o, 
480b 

V.  Shealy,  346 

V.  Whitmore,  191,  984 
Rich  V.  Bell,  554 

V.  Johnson,  3016,  966,  981 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  11986 

V.  Rich,  101,  107a 

V.  Seneca  Falls,  346 

V.  Smith,  762 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Rich  G.  D.  Co.  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co., 

889 
Richard  v.  Bent,  968,  979 

V.  Shaw,  734 
Richard  Liford's  Case,  1034 
Richards  v.  Citizens'  Natural  Gas  Co., 
320 

V.  Edick,  410,  417,  679,  1024 

«.  Gilmore,  549 

V.  Green,  685ff,  685i 

V.  Iowa  H.  Co.,  979 

V.  McPherson,  328 

V.  Morse,  686 

V.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R., 
107c 

V.  Rose,  1308 

V.  Sandford,  1368 

V.  Shaw,  1059 

V.  Westcott,  873 

V.  Whittle,  789 
Richardson  v.  Allen,  685a,  685j 

V.  Ashby,  256 

V.  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  366 

V.  Barker,  460 

V.  Campbell,  331 

V.  Centerville,  1149 

V.  Chasen,  1257 

V.  Chynoweth,  164,  742 

V.  Diss,  325 

V.  Dorr,  973 

V.  Dunn,  241a,  829 

V.  Eagle  M.  Works,  90,  666 

V.  Flournoy,  301 

V.  Futrell,  278 

V.  Gordon,  999/ 

V.  Hartman,  667 

V.  Huston,  383c 

V.  Jankofsky,  565 

V.  Jones,  107a 


3002 

[References 

Richardson  v.   Levee  Commissioners, 
1123 

V.  McFadden,  774 

V.  Mason,  762 

V.  Mellish,  665 

V.  Missouri  F.  B.  Co.,  1371 

V.  Nelson,  486b 

V.  Northrup,  191,  434,  937 

V.  Nourse,  717 

V.  Parrott's  Heirs,  310 

V.  People's  Nat.  Bank,  689 

V.  Presnall,  705 

V.  Richardson,  678 

V.  Roberts,  452 

V.  Robertson,  1074 

V.  St.  Louis  &  H.  Ry.,  1357 

V.  Sanborn,  695,  1050 

V.  Scott's  Bluff  County,  673c 

V.  Sioux  City,  1172o 

V.  State,  692/ 

V.  Vt.  Central  R.  R.,  1108,  1115 

V.  Webster  City,  932,  1148 

V.  Wilmington  &  W.  R.  R.,  370 

V.  Woehler,  407 
Richey  v.  Union  C.  L.  I.  Co.,  193a,  208, 

834c 
Richey  &  Gilbert  Co.  v.  Northern  Pac. 

Ry.,  843a 
Richland  County  v.  Owen,  692o 
Richman  v.  Ri^jhman,  676 
Richmond  v.  Ames,  968,  970,  982,  983 

V.  Bronson,  246,  295,  317 

V.  Chicago  &  W.  M.  Ry.,  574a 

V.  Dubuque  &  S.  C.  R.  R.,  613 

V.  Irons,  340a 

V.  Roberts,  637,  638,  1328 

V.  Shickler,  370,  1251,  1254 

V.  The  D.  &  S.  C.  R.  R.,  636re 

V.  Union  Steamboat  Co.,  853 
Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.  v.  Allison,  485a, 
860 

V.  Chamblin,  1169 

I:  Chandler,  1296 

u.  Elliott,  172,  180a,  860 

V.  Freeman,  5716,  578 

V.  Greenwood,  368 

V.  Jefferson,  1342 

V.  Norment,  47 

V.  Payne,  851 

V.  Trousdale,  854 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


are  to  sections] 

Richmond  &  I.  C.  Co.  v-  Richmond, 

N.  I.  &  B.  R.  R.  R.,  308a,  340a 
Richmond  &  L.  T.  R.  Co.  v.  Madison 
County  Fiscal  Ct.,  1173 
V.  Rogers,  1169 
Richmond  &  P.  E.  R.  R.  v.  Seaboard 

A.  L.  R.  R.,  253,  1161 
Richmond  County  v.  Wandel,  692/ 
Richmond  County  Soc.  v.  New  York, 

314 
Richmond  Gas  Co.  v.  Baker,  43/,  485 
Richmond  Hosiery  Mills  v.  Western 

U.  T.  Co.,  107a 
Richmond  R.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Bowles,  486 

V.  Garthright,  481 
Richner  v.  Plateau  L.  S.  Co.,  742 
Richter  v.  Meyers,  614 
Ricker  v.  Metropolitan  Railway,  1092 
Rickert  v.  Snyder,  953,  966,  976,  982, 

983 
Ricket  V.  Met.  R.  R.,  1090,  1092,  1093, 

1094,  1097,  1105,  1169 
Ricketts  v.  Chesapeake  &  O.  R.  R.,  380, 
860 
V.  Lostetter,  988,  988a 
V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894d 
Rickey  v.  Tenbroeck,  755 
Rickmers,  The,  597a 
Ricks  V.  Yates,  666 
Riddel  v.  School  District,  6926 
V.  Cheadle,  685fc 
V.  Delaware  County,  932 
V.  Driver,  499 
V.  Gage,  1050 
V.  McGinnis,  47,  473,  1340 
Riddlesbarger  v.  McDaniel,  685^,  685h 
Rideau  v.  Bornet,  4926 
Ridenhour  v.  Kansas  City  C.  Ry.,  41, 

47,  485 
Rider  v.  Kelley,  746 
V.  Pond,  622a 
V.  Stryker,  1166e 
Ridgeway  D.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Pennsylvania 

Cement  Co.,  752 
Ridgely  v.  Bond,  17  Md.  14;  363a 

V.  Bond,  18  Md.  433;  929 
Ridgley  v.  Mooney,  753 
Ridgway  v.  Hungerford  Market  Co., 

674 
Ridley  v.  Seaboard  A,  L.  R.  R.,  95 


Table  of  case^ 
[References  are  to  sections] 


3003 


Ridpath  v.  Merria,m,  685e 

Riech  V.  Belch,  151,  674 

Ried  V.  Fairbanks,  493 

Riewe  v.  McCormick,  358 

Rigdon  V.  Temple  W.  W.  Co.,  121d 

Rigge  V.  Burbidge,  1072 

Rigg  V.  Parsons,  950 

Riggs  V.  Horde,  673/ 

V.  Lindsay,  700,  834 
Righter  v.  Clark,  734,  739 

V.  Phila.,  1177 
Rightmire  v.  Hirner,  670 
Rigney  v.  Chicago,  1121 
Riker  v.  Clopton,  1335 
Riley  v.  Black,  614 

V.  Hale,  987,  988 

V.  Halifax  Corporation,  932 

V.  Iowa  Falls,  1347 

V.  Lidtke,  486a 

V.  Littlefield,  536,  540 

V.  Martin,  317,  493 

V.  Nugent,  1326 

V.  Ocean  Ins.  Co.,  716 

V.  Riley,  311e 

V.  Salt  Lake  R.  T.  Co.,  1367 

V.  We.st  V.  C.  &  P.  Ry.,  47 
Rilling  V.  Thompson,  325 
Rime  v.  Rater,  637,  638,  6386 
Rindskopf  v.  Farmers'  Loan  &  Trust 

Co.,  956 
Rineer  v.  Collms,  1009 
Rinehart  v.  Olwine,  756 
Riney  v.  Hill,  339a,  6955 
Ring  V.  Pugsley,  944 
Ringgenberg  v.  Hartman,  691a 
Ringgold  V.  Haven,  844 
Ringhouse  v.  Keener,  914,  917,  918 
Ringle  v.  O'Matthiessen,  678 
Ringo  V.  Biscoe,  302a 
Rinker  v.  Lee,  691a 
Rio  Grande  R.  R.  v.  Cross,  324o 
Rio  Grande  Western  Ry.  v.  Rubenstein, 

482a 
Rios  V.  A-zGuenaga,  633e 
Ripka  V.  Sergeant,  74,  99 
Ripley  v.  Davis,  493 

V.  Eady,  676,  679a 

V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1080,  1085 

V.  McClure,  636a 

V.  Mosely,  803,  806 


Ripon  V.  Bittel,  485a 

Rippe  V.  Chicago,  R.  R.,  11716 

Rippey  v.  Miller,  318,  362 

Ripy  V.  Less,  934 

Risher  v.  Acken  Coal  Co.,  93 

Risley  v.  Andrew  Coimty,  302,  337 

Riss  V.  Messmore,  316,  766 

Ristine  v.  Blocker,  378 

Ritchie  v.  Anderson,  636n 

V.  Bennett,  651 

V.  Carpenter,  334 

V.  Mauro,  1285 

V.  Stenius,  449 
Rittel  V.  E.  E.  Southern  Iron  Co.,  1357 
Rittenhouse  v.  Ind.  L.  of  Telegraph, 

228c,  882 
Ritter  v.  Sieger,  924a 
Rittler  v.  Smith,  729 
Rival,  The,  587 
Riverton  Ferry  Co.  v.  McKeesport  & 

D.  B.  Co.;  1169 
Rives  V.  Columbia,  1130,  1140 
Rivet  V.  George  M.  Murrell  P.  &  M. 

Co.,  12866 
Rivinus  v.  Langford,  497 
Rix  V.  Mutual  Ins.  Co.,  720 

V.  Smith,  3116 

i;.  Strauts,  345 
Rizer  v.  Callen,  797 
Roach  V.  Brannon,  565c 

V.  Caldbeck,  386,  489,  490 

V.  Houston,  537 

V.  Jenks,  Slid 

V.  Kelly,  1255 

V.  Thoippson,  705 
Road  Com'rs.  v.  Hudson,  337 
Roades  v.  Larson,  487a 
Roake  v.  Sullivan,  976 
Roan  V.  Holmes,  921 
Robb  V.  Carnegie  Bros.  &  Co.,  32,  191, 
937,  947 

V.  Maysville  &  Mt.  Sterling  T.  R., 
1171 
RohbJBS  V.  Carll,  308a 

V.  Clijeek,  339 

V.  Firemen's  Fiujd  Ins.  Co.,  726 

V.  Hudson  River  R.  R.,  1369 

V.  Illinois  Watch  Co.,  1230 

V.  Laswell,  303 

V.  Lincoln  County,  337 


3004 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


Robbins  v.  Long,  678 

V.  Packard,  256 

V.  Milwaukee  &  Horicon  R.  R., 
1148 

V.  St.  Paul  R.  R.,  1151,  1155 

jj.  Scranton,  1120 

ti.  Walters,  537 

V.  Westmoreland  Coal  Co.,  3015 
Robel  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  575 
Robert  Graham  Dun,  The,  1353 
Robert  R.  Sizer  v.  Dopson,  1261 
Roberts  v.  Beatty,  279,  279c 

V.  Benjamin,  737 

V.  Berdell,  257 

V.  Boston,  1295 

V.  Brown  County,  1130,  1148 

V.  Carter,  761,  762 

V.  Cole,  191 

V.  Crowley,  667 

«.  Donovan,  1031 

V.  Druillard,  637a 

V.  Fahs,  685(7 

V.  Fleming,  772 

V.  Graham,  1267 

V.  Hyde,  1261 

V.  Kain,  497f 

V.  Levy,  970 

V.  Lovitt,  688a 

V.  McFaddin,  1012a 

V.  Marston,  972 

V.  Mason,  234,  359,  386 

V.  Massay,  340 

V.  Minneapolis  Threshing  M.  Co., 
107a,  109 

V.  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.,  435 

V.  St.  Louis  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  908 

V.  Smith,  325 

t>.  Tennell,  999e 

».  Thomas,  557 

V.  Warner,  688a 

V.  Wheelen,  334 

V.  White,  680,  685a 

V.  Wilcoxson,  308 
Roberts,  Wicks  &  Co.  v.  Lee,  742a 
Robertson  v.  Atlantic  M.  I.  Co.,  710 

V.  Blake,  1215 

V.  Conklin,  385 

V.  County  Com'rs.,  692i 

V.  Davenport,  1066 

V.  Dumaresq,  1014,  1018 


[References  are  to  sections] 

Robertson  v.  Gentry,  109 

V.  Grand  Rapids,  425 

V.  Green,  317 

V.  Halton,  777 

V.  Jones,  935 

V.  Knapp,  1295 

V.  Lemon,  238,  959,  982,  983 

ti.  Maxcey,  977,  799 

V.  Morgan,  805 

V.  National  S.  S.  Co.,  226ifc 

V.  Parrish,  345 

V.  Robertson,  685A 

V.  Smith,  685A: 

V.  Waltrip,  325 

V.  Wylde,  378 
Robeson  v.  Whitesides,  410 
Robey  v.  Turner,  &Q2d 
Robichaud  v.  Maheux,  487o 
Robins  v.  Prior,  301,  308o 
Robinson  v.  Ayer,  740 

V.  Barrows,  317,  493 

V.  Bierce,  980 

V.  Bland,  4,  284,  698,  1036 

V.  Boyd,  439k 

V.  Bullock,  614,  742a 

V.  Burton,  360,  376 

V.  Campbell,  901 

V.  Cathcart,  410 

V.  Com  Exchange  Insurance  Co., 
296 

V.  Craver,  638a,  6386 

V.  Crawford,  834 

ff.  Ensign,  76 

V.  Evening  Post  Pub.  Co.,  448a 

V.  Ferguson,  261 

V.  Goings,  361,  378 

t).  HaU,  273 

V.  Harman,  30,  1002,  1018 

V.  Hartridge,  493 

V.  Heard,  1012,  1023 

V.  Helena  L.  &  Ry.,  485,  1306 

V.  Hurley,  493 

V.  Hyer,  162,  734 

V.  International  L.  I.  Soc,  278 

V.  Kime,  930o 

ti.  Kinne,  1293 

V.  Kinney,  325 

V.  Mace,  1067 

V.  Mansfield,  567 

V.  Marchant,  1274 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3005 


[References 

Robinson  v.  Marino,  1360 

V.  Merchants'  D.  T.  Co.,  317 

V.  Noble,  858 

V.  Norwood  Borough,  1154c 

V.  Plimpton,  688 

V.  Potter,  668 

V.  Raynor,  651,  761 

V.  Richards,  527 

V.  Robinson,  1  Duv.  162;  1138a 

V.  Robinson,  29  Eng.  L.  &  Eq.  212; 
6226 

V.  Rupert,  487,  487a 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1355 

V.  St.  Mathews,  47 

V.  Sanders,  674 

V.  Shanks,  042 

V.  Shatzley,  101 

V.  Sherman,  804 

V.  Shirreff,  556 

V.  South  Chester,  1142 

V.  Stewart,  314a 

V.  Stimer,  47 

e.  Superior  R.  T.  Ry.,  387,  865 

V.  Vamell,  6336 

V.  Waupaca,  1368,  1371 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45,  46o 
Robinson's  Settlements,  In  re,  1105 
Robrecht  v.  Marling,  185,  6076 
Robson  V.  Godfrey,  655 
Roby,  The,  594 
Roche  V.  Redington,  1348 
Rocheleau  v.  Boyle,  497/ 
Rochester  v.  Montgomery,  241 

V.  Randall,  692d 
Rochester,  Matter  of,  1165a,  1208 
Rochester  &  H.  V.  R.  R.  v.  Myers,  1167 
Rochester  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Budlong,  1185, 

1208 
Rochester  Lantern  Co.  v.  Stiles  &  P.  P. 

Co.,  163,  226? 
Rochette  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry., 

1115 
Rock  V.  Denis,  43/ 

Rock  Island  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Leisy  Brew- 
ing Co.,  11716 
Rockefeller  vj  Merritt,  778 

I).  Donnelly,  792 
Rockford,  R.  I.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Becke- 
meier,  630 

V.  Delaney,  575 


are  to  sections] 

Rockford,  R.  I.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  v.  Lynch, 
218 

V.  McKinley,  1165 

V.  Sage,  673e 
Rockingham  M.  F.  I.  Co.  o.  Bosher,  120 
Rockland  Water  Co.  v.  Tillson,  88,  93a, 

925 
Rockwell  V.  American  L.  B.  Co.,  610 

V.  Daniels,  1067 

V.  Eldred,  47,  484 
Rockwood  V.  Allen,  29 

V.  Robinson,  72,  926 
Rocky  Mountain  N.  P.  Co.  v.  Fridbom, 

448c 
Rodemer  v.  Hazelhurst,  6556 
Rodenbach's  Appeal,  3116 
Rodes  V.  Bronson,  270 

V.  Commonwealth,  6926 
Rodgers  v.  Bailey,  171a 

V.  Bass,  278 

V.  Clement,  310o 

V.  Ferguson,  32  Tex.  533;  564 

V.  Ferguson,  36  Tex.  544;  363a,  365 

V.  Flick,  932 
Rodman  v.  Hedden,  785,  786,  797 

V.  Woolman,  673a 
Rodney  v.  St.  Louis,  S.  W.  Ry.,  1357 
Rodoconachi  v.  Milbum,  243a,  844 
Roe  V.  Jerome,  695 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1360 
Roebling  v.  Lock  Stitch  Fence  Co.,  636c 
Roeder  v.  Brown,  334 
Roehm  v.  Horst,  636d,  636e,  636/,  758 
Roemer  v.  Simon,  1233 
Roenbeck  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 

1364 
Roethke  v.  P.  B.  Brewing  Co.,  1045 
Rogan  V.  lUinois  Sav.  Bank,  334 

V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  851 
Roger  V.  Rochester  R.  R.,  575 
Rogers  v.  Ackerman,  1296 

V.  Beard,  196 

V.  Bemus,  190,  645 

V.  Bums,  334 

V.  Coal,  R.  B.  &  D.  Co.,  93 

V.  Coleman,  676 

V.  Colt,  301 

V.  Crombie,  260 

V.  Davidson,  607 

V.  Fales,  565 


3006 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Rogers  v.  Golson,  961 

V.  Hastings  &  D.  Ry.,  673e 

V.  Henry,  388,  449 

V.  Humphrey,  1059 

V.  Lee  County,  334 

V.  McDowell,  565a 

V.  McGuffey,  989 

V.  Manhattan  Life  Insurance  Co., 
302 

V.  Mann,  1347 

V.  Mechanics'  Ins.  Co.,  1310 

V.  O'Barf,  361 

V.  Orion,  226/,  486 

V.  Parham,  665 

V.  Priest,  311e 

V.  Randall,  944 

V.  Rio  Grande  Western  Ry.,  576 

V.  Saniple,  331,  411 

V.  Smith,  703 

V.  Spence,  350 

II.  State,  692e 

V.  West,  295 

V.  Wiley,  828 

V.  Yarrell,  3146 
Rohr  V.  Anderson,  1285 

V.  Kindt,  1020 
Rohrschneider  v.  Knickerbocker  L.  I. 

Co.,  439c 
Rohwer  v.  Chadwick,  685c 
Roles  V.  Rosewell,  &75d 
Rolfe  V.  Peterson,  395 
Rolfif  V.  Cohen,  1326 
Rolin  V.  Steward,  105,  171o,  707 
Roller  V.  Effinger,  979 
Rollins  V.  Duffy,  822 

V.  Sidney  B.  Bowman  Cycle  Co., 
633& 

i\  State,  692i 
Rolph  V.  Crouch,  238,  982,  983,  987 
Romaine  v.  Van  Allen,  509 
Romayne  v.  Duane,  448c 
Romberg  v.  Hughes,  635 
Rombough  v.  Balch,  574,  1367 
Rome  V.  Omberg,  1108 

V.  Rhodes,  67a 
Rome  R.  R.  v.  Sloan,  246 
Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.  v.  Gleason,  1109 
Romine  v.  Romine,  797 
Romlnem  v.  Empire  F.  M.  Co.,  1357 
Romona  O.  S.  Co.  v.  Shields,  1361 


Ronald  v.  Pacific  Traction  Co.,  1359 

Ronneberg  v.  Falkland  I.  Co.,  241a 

Rood  V.  Seattle  El.  Co.,  1357 

Rooker  v.  Perkins^  1166(i 

Rooks  V.  Booth,  996 

Rooksby  v.  State,  686 

Rooney  v.  Milwaukee  C.  Co.,  486a 

V.  Sacramento  R.  R.,  1154a 
Roose  V.  Perkins,  1248,  1254 
Roosevelt  v.  N.  Y.  EI.  R.  R.,  1208 
Root  V.  Butte,  A.  &  P.  Ry.,  1123 

V.  King,  451 

I/.  Lowndes,  88 

V.  New  York  C.  S.  C.  Co.,  873a 

V.  Railway,  1231,  1232,  1237 

V.  Sturdivant,  357,  360,  372 
Root's  Case,  1130 
Rooth  V.  Wilson,  76 
Roper  V.  Wren,  305 
Roper  Wholesale  Grocery  Co.  v.  Fkvor, 

80o 
Ropes  V.  Upton,  426 
Rosa  V.  Missouri,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1154a 
Rosan  v.  Big  Muddy  Coal  &  Iron  Co., 

149 
Rose  V.  Beatie,  603,  762 

V.  Belyea,  233,  1334 

V.  Boseman,  2796,  515,  746 

V.  Bridgeport,  343,  345,  346 

V.  Butler,  209,  991,  992 

V.  Des  Moines  V.  R.  R.,  1367 

V.  Douglass  Township,  692/ 

V.  Eclipse  Carbonating  Co.,  673d 

V.  Hirsch,  1240 

V.  Imperial  Engine  Co.,  378 

V.  King,  862 

V.  Lewis,  256 

V.  Miles,  35,  946 

V.  Post,  237,  685i 

V.  Story,  387,  497^,  564 

V.  U.  S.  T.  Co.,  878 

V.  Wallace,  441 

V.  WiUiamsville,  G.  &  S.  L.  Ry., 
667 

V.  Wynn,  185,  984 
Rosecrants  v.  Shoemaker,  1247,  1254 
Rosecrans  v.  Asay,  536,  1261 
Rosedale,  The,  596a 
Rosenbaum  v.  McThottias,  98 

V.  Pendleton,  343 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3007 


[References 

Rosehbaum  v.  Shoffner,  119 

V.  Stiebel,  512a 
Rosenbaums  v.  Weeden,  755 
Rosenberg  v.  Frankel,  794 

V.  Weekes,  332 
Rosenberger    v.    Pacific    Coast   Ry., 

667 
Rosenblum  v.  Riley,  984 
Rosencrance  v,  Johnson,  673e 
Rosenfield  v.  Express  Co.,  57,  853 

V.  R.  R.,  851 
Rosenkrans  v.  Barker,  460 
Rosenkrantz  v.  Durling,  676 

V.  Lindell  Ry.,  86c,  172o,  4866 
Rosenquest  v.  Noble,  688a 
Rosenquist  v.  Bowring,  675a 

V.  Canary,  414 
Rosenthal  v.  Boass,  685^ 

V.  Empire  B.  &  S.  Co.,  734 

V.  Taylor  B.  &  H.  Ry.,  947 
Rosenzweig  v.  Frazer,  80,  1069 
Rosepaugh  v.  Vredenburgh,  651 
Rosevelt  v.  Hanold,  1258 
Rosewater  v.  Hoffman,  446 
Rosewell  v.  Prior,  949 
Ross  V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  844 

V.  Cornell  Steamboat  Co.,  587 

V.  Davis,  1148 

V.  Dysart,  999c 

V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1216 

V.  Kansas  City,  226/ 

V.  Keewood,  3406 

V.  Leggett,  41,  42,  47,  360,  462 

V.  Loescher,  408,  419 

V.  McDaffie,  497? 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1348 

V.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  R.  R.,  873 

V.  Montana  U.  Ry.,  1226 

V.  New  H.  S.  M.  Co.,  107a,  363a, 
930,  943 

V.  Philbrick,  61 

V.  Robinson,  1007 

V.  Ross,  1327 

V.  Russell,  339a 

V.  Scott,  503,  933,  935 

V.  Stockwell,  991 
Rossend  Castle,  842 
Rosser  v.  Bunn,  373 

V.  Depriest,  3115 

V.  Timberlake,  685J 


are  to  sections] 

Rossey  v.  Lawrence,  1371 
Rossiter  v.  Chester,  841 
Rested  V.  Great  N.  Ry.,  868 
Rosum  V.  Hodges,  4926 
Roswell  V.  Davenport,  1216 
Rotan  V.  Nichols,  1060 
Roth  V.  Buettel  Bros.  Co.,  485o 

V.  Eppy,  347,  1366 

V.  Felt,  531 

V.  Smith,  466 

V.  Taysen,  636/ 

V.  Union  Depot  Co.,  1356 
Rothmiller  v.  Stein,  439o 
Roulain  v.  McDowall,  678 
Rounds  V.  Baxter,  1012a 

V.  Mumford,  1115 
Roundy  v.  Thatcher,  673o 
Rourke  v.  Central  Massachusetts  Elec- 
tric Co.,  1147 

V.  Holmes  St.  Ry.,  1165a 
Rouse  V.  Detroit  Electric  Ry.,  577,  578 

V.  Melsheimer,  1249,  1254 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  R.  R.,  380 

V.  Western  Wheel  Works,  308 
Roussel  V.  Mathews,  341 
Roussin  V.  Stewart,  685m 
Routh  V.  Caron,  125,  762,  769 
Roux  V.  Salvador,  710 
Rouyer  v.  Miller,  695c 
Rowan  v.  Lee,  1258 

V.  Rainey,  915 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894 
Rowand  v.  Bellinger,  1271 
Rows  V.  Baber,  992 

V.  City  of  Budline,  The,  854 

V.  Heath,  983 

V.  Moses,  490 

V.  New  York  &  N.  J.  T.  Co.,  1367 

11.  Peabody,  678 

V.  Pulp  Co.,  1144 

V.  RichaMson,  786 

V.  School  Board  for  London,  1004 

V.  Shenandoah  Pulp  Co.,  932,  942 

V.  Titus,  1269 

I).  Whatcom  Couilty  Ry.  &  Light 
Co.,  172 
Rowell  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  S9id 
Rowland  v.  Dowe,  1022 

V.  Isaacs,  692/ 

V.  Miller,  973 


3008 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Rowland  v.  Murphy,  75 

V.  Rowland,  924,  931 

V.  Shelton,  316,  774 
Rowley  v.  Gibbs,  295,  530,  631,  536, 
689o 

V.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  581 
Rown  V.  Christopher  &  T.  S.  R.  R.,  481 
Rowntree  v.  Jacob,  964 
Roy  V.  The  Duke  of  Beaufort,  395 

V.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.,  1143 
Royal  V.  Smith,  638,  6386 
Royal  Bristol  P.  B.  Soc.  v.  Bomash,  999i 
Royal  Ins.  Co.  v.  Clark,  818a 
Royalton  v.  R.  &  W.  Turnpike  Co., 

618,  636?,  636i 
Royer  v.  Foster,  979 

V.  Shultz  Belting  Co.,  1215 
Rozell  V.  Anderson,  1110 
Rubber  Co.  v.  Goodyear,  1230 
Rubio  Canon  Land  &  Water  Ass'n  v. 

Everett,  373a 
Rubens  v.  Hill,  991 
Rubon  V.  Stephan,  678,  680,  685A 
Rucker  v.  Campbell,  418 
Ruckman  v.  Bergholz,  308a 

V.  Pitcher,  305 
Rudd  V.  Rounds,  480a 
Rudder  v.  Price,  4,  636ff,  675b 
Rudderow  v.  Philadelphia,  1142 
Rude  V.  St.  Louis,  1123 

V.  Westcott,  1220,  1222 
Rudiger  v.  Chicago,  S.  P.  M.  &  O.  Ry., 

573a,  574a,  1367 
Rudolph  V.  Pennsylvania  S.  V.  R.  R., 

1152,  1154,  1165 
Rudulph  V.  Wagner,  3406 
Rueping  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  380, 

1347,  1348 
Roper  V.  Clay,  639 

V.  Johnson,   87,   227,   228?,   636(i, 
636/,  636i,  737,  758 
Ruff  V.  Rader,  294 

V.  Rinaldo,  645,  984 
RufEn  V.  Atlantic  &  N.  C.  R.  R.,  860 
Ruffner  v.  Hewitt,  334 
Rugg  V.  Tolman,  1331 
Ruggerio  v.  Leuchtenburg,  1006 
Ruland  v.  Waukesha  Water  Co.,  667 
Rule  V.  McGregor,   115  la,   323;  458, 
1337 


Rule  V.  McGregor,  117  la.  419;  625 

V.  Tait,  569 
RuloEE  V.  Hazen,  343 
Rumbold  v.  Penn  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
Rumford  v.  Church,  711 
Rumsey  v.  Matthews,  411 

V.  New  York  &  N.  E.  R.  R.,  253, 
932 
Rund  V.  Blatt,  497/ 
Rundell  v.  C.  G.  Transatlantique,  570, 

599 
Rundle  v.  Little,  55 

V.  Moore,  817 
Runey  v.  Edmands,  962 
Runlett  V.  Bell,  98 
Runnells  v.  Pentwater,  214 

V.  Webber,  976 
Runyon  v.  Nichols,  1045 
Ruppel  V.  Allegheny  Valley  R.  R.,  846, 

851 
Rush  V.  Rush,  819 

V.  Spokane  F.  &  N.  Ry.,  1347 
Rushforth,  Ex  parte,  801 
Rushing  v.  Seaboard  A.  L.  Ry.,  483, 
484,  485 

V.  Sebree,  330 
Rushton  V.  Rowe,  341 
Russ  V.  Gilbert,  1275 

V.  Steamboat  War  Eagle,  86c 

V.  Telfener,  1023 

V.  Tuttle,  734 
Russel  V.  Palmer,  349,  811,  831 
Russell  V.  Brown,  91 

V.  Burlington,  1110 

V.  Butterfield,  82,  6916 

V.  Chambers,  47,  48,  66 

V.  Cole,  4976 

V.  Columbia,  481 

V.  Copeland,  1012 

V.  Cornmg  Manuf.  Co.,  762,  766 

V.  Dennison,  1328 

V.  Failor,  807 

V.  Farley,  676 

V.  Giblin,  205,  608,  995 

V.  Horn  B.  &  F.  Mfg.  Co.,  1936, 
734 

V.  Huiskamp,  493 

V.  Ins.  Co.,  723a 

V.  Kearney,  83 

V.  Lucas,  339a 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


3009 


Russell  V.  Meyer,  70 

V.  Miner,  834 

0.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.,  865 

V.  Polk  County  Abstract  Co.,  87 

V.  Roberts,  606c 

V.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  R.  R.,  252, 
1171b 

V.  Shuster,  466 

V.  Smith,  536 

V.  Stoops,  1027,  1027a 

V.  Turner,  554a 

V.  Walker,  238 

V.  Washington  Post  Co.,  377 

V.  Weneweser,  1282 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45,  45a,  894 

V.  Windsor  S.  B.  Co.,  574o 

V.  Wright,  423 

V.  Wylly,  650 
Rust  V.  Eckler,  762 

V.  Victoria  Graving  Dock  Co.,  65 
Rust  L.  &  L.  Co.  V.  Wheeler,  975 
Rustell  V.  Macquister,  446 
Rutan  ti.  Hinchman,  1020 

V.  Hopper,  1014 

V.  Ludlam,  762 
Ruth  V.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  1337 
Ruth,  The,  1356 
Rutherford  v.  Irby,  317 

V.  Moore,  685a 

V.  Stovel,  411,  413 

V.  Shreveport  &  H.  R.  R.,  41,  180 
Ruthven  v.  Beckwith,  682 
Ruthven  W.  Co.  v.  Great  W.  Ry.,  134a, 

153 
Rutland  v.  Dayton,  991 

».  Southern  Ry.,  152 
Rutland  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Bank  of  Middle- 
bury,  54,  4946 
Rutledge  v.  Lawrence,  1010 

V.  Rowland,  172 

V.  Smith,  3016 
Rutter  V.  Collins,  638,  6386 
Ruys  V.  Royal  Exch.  Assur.  Corp.,  711 
Ryall  V.  Prince,  89 
Ryan  v.  Akeley,  6916 

V.  Anderson,  685? 

V.  Baldrick,  308a 

V.  Dayton,  672 

V.  Dunlap,  1021 

V.  Fitzgerald,  535 

189 


Ryans  v.  Hospes,  671 

Ryan  v.  Hower  Brewing  Co.,  455 

V.  Knickerbocker  Steamboat  Co., 
1347 

V.  Krusor,  797 

V.  Martin,  416 

V.  Miller,  153  111.  138;  642 

V.  Miller,  139  S.  W.  128;  777 

V.  Oshkosh  G.  L.  Co.,  578, 1367 

V.  Quinn,  387 

V.  Remmey,  614 

V.  Young,  515 
Ryan  Drug  Co.  v.  Hoambshal,  310 
Ryburn  v.  Pryor,  493 
Ryckman  v.  Parkins,  315 
Ryder  ».  Hathaway,  21  Pick.  298;  505 

V.  Hathaway,  2  Met.  96;  108 

V.  Thayer,  316,  821 

V.  Wall,  1018 
Ryers  v.  Wheeler,  906,  911 
Ryerson  v.  Chapman,  238,  239,  962, 
982,  983 

V.  Marseillis,  1261 

V.  Willis,  973 
Ryland  v.  Heney,  313 
Rylands  v.  S.  Fletcher,  33 


S.  A.  McCauley,  The,  587,  588 

S.  &  C.  R.  R.  V.  Callahan,  419 

S.  &  N.  A.  R.  R.  V.  McLendon,  379 

S.  C.  Righter  v.  Clark,  162 

S.  M.  Burgess  &  Co.  v.  Patterson,  1335 

S.  W.  Slayden  &  Co.  v.  Palmo,  1006 

Saam  v.  Saam,  61 

Sabin  v.  Railway,  1110,  1164 

Sabine  &  E.  T.  Ry.  v.  Ewing,  363 

V.  Joachimi,  191,  331a,  937 

V.  Johnson,  121d,  937,  942 

V.  Smith,  937 
Sable  V.  Brockmeier,  966,  973 
Sacchi  V.  Bayside  Lumber  Co.,  71 
Sachs  V.  America  Surety  Co.,  678,  679a 
Sackett  v.  Ruder,  1247 

V.  Sackett,  950 
Sackett's  Harbor  Bank  v.  Blake,  301a 
Sackrider  v.  Beers,  940 
Sacramento  V.  R.  R.  v.  Moffat,  1167 
Sacramento  Southern  R.  R.  v.  Heilbron, 
252 


3010 


TABLE 


Sadler  v.  Bean,  258 

Safely  v.  Gilmore,  999a 

Safety  I.  W.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Baltimore,  613, 

614 
Safifer  v.  Levy,  991 
Sagamore  Coal  Co.  v.  Clark,  614 
Sage  V.  Brooklyn,  1146 
Sager  v.  Tupper,  341 
Saginaw,  The,  593 
Saginaw  U.  S.  Ry.  v.  Michigan  Cent. 

R.  R.,  927 
Sagola  L.  Co.  v.  Chicago  T.  &  T.  Co., 

737 
Sagonda,  The,  196 
St.  Albans  Steam  Boat  Co.  v.  Wilkins, 

673/ 
St.  Andre  v.  Rachal,  311& 
St.  Anthony  &  D.  E.  Co.  v.  Dawson, 

238 
St.  Anthony  Lumber  Co.  v.  Bardwell- 

Robinson  Co.,  762 
St.  Bernard  w.Reig,  667 
St.  Clair  v.  Cash  G.  M.  &  M.  Co.,  935 
St.  Clara  Female  Academy  v.  North- 
western N.  I.  Co.,  722 
St.  Croix  L.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Ritchie,  934a 
St.  Helen's   Smelting  Co.  v.  Tipping, 

104 
St.  John  V.  New  York,  13  How.  Pr. 
527;  948 
V.  New  York,  6  Duer,  315;  182 
».  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  1363 
V.  O'Connel,  80,  256 
V.  Palmer,  956 
V.  Rykert,  330 
St.  Johnsboro  v.  Smith,  1175 
St.  Johnsbuiy  &  L.  C.  R.  R.  ».  Hunt, 
137 
V.  Willard,  1174 
St.  Josephs.  Geiwitz,  1140 
V.  Hamilton,  235a 
V.  Merlatt,  692e 
St.  Joseph  &  D.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Orr,  1148 
St.  Joseph  &  G.  I.  R.  R.  v.  Hedge,  43A, 

1348 
St.  Joseph  &  I.  M.  R.  R.  v.  Shambaugh, 

1167 
St.  Joseph  &  W.  R.  R.  ».  Wheeler,  575 
St.  Lawrence  &  O.  Ry.  v.  Lett,  673a, 
577,  578 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

St.  Louis  V.  Bissell,  979 

V.  Meintz,  235a 
St.  Louis  &  C.  R.  R.  V.  Postal  Tel  Co., 

1171 
St.  Louis  &  I.  B.  Ry.  t>.  Bamsback,  1334 

V.  Guswelle,  1166 
St.  Louis  &  N.  A.  Co.  v.  Mathis,  1367 
St.  Louis  &  N.  A.  R.  R.  v.  Crandell,  630 

V.  Mathis,  577 
St.  Louis  &  S.  E.  R.  R.  v.  Teters,  1166 
St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  v.  Blum,  101, 
1367 

V.  Dickerson,  251 

V.  Fayetteville,  1152a 

V.  French,  1367 

V.  Gaba,  419 

V.  Gamer,  368 

D.  Hicks,  573a 

V.  Hooser,  318 

V.  Hoover,  933 

V.  Jones,  937a 

V.  Lieurance,  852 

V.  Lilly,  856a 

V.  McLain,  1354 

V.  Neely,  1347 

V.  Richards,  1353,  1364 

V.  Ritz,  2266 

V.  Sharp,  226i 

V.  Shoemaker,  413 

V.  Townsend,  677 

V.  Wilhehn,  854 

V.  Woolum,  1348 
St.  Louis  &  S.  J.  R.  R.  ».  Richardson, 

1129,  1140 
St.  Louis  &  S.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Henderson, 
1152 

V.  Lindsey,  1309 
St.  Louis,  A.  &  R.  J.  R.  R.  ».  Coultas, 

677 
St.  Louis  A.  &  T.  R.  R.  v.  Anderson, 
1134 

V.  Beard,  614 

V.  Johnston,  673,  580a,  1367 

V.  Mackie,  222,  865 

V.  Neel,  842 
St.  Louis  Brewing  Assoc,  v.  McEnroe, 

762 
St.  Louis  B.  &  M.  Ry.  v.  West,  124 
St.  Louis  B.  &  T.  R.  R,  v.  Mendonsa, 
1166 


TABLE 

[References 

St.  Louis  Cattle  Co.  v.  Gholson,  125a 
St.  Louis  E.  R.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Oliver,  1166 
St.  Louis  E.  S.  R.  R.  v.  Bums,  573a 
St.  Louis,  F.  S.  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Chenault, 
695 

V.  McAuliffe,  1149,  1166 
St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Berry,  630 

t.  Biggs,  50  Ark.  169;  76,  432a,  435 

I'.  Biggs,  52  Ark.  240;  95 

V.  Bragg,  43/ 

V.  Brown,  134  S.  W.  1194;  865 

V.  Brown,  140  S.  W.  279;  1354 

V.  Buckner,  44 

V.  Cantrell,  226/,  481,  482,  483,  484 

V.  Caraway,  1367 

V.  Cates,  222,  865 

V.  Cleere,  316,  1367 

V.  Davis,  363a 

V.  Dawson,  1353,  1367 

V.  Day,  1342 

V.  Deshong;  852 

V.  Dysart,  368 

V.  Edwards,  85c 

V.  Evans,  226?re 

V.  Fambro,  1347 

V.  Freeman,  576,  1293 

V.  Glossup,  1354 

V.  Green,  251 

0.  Grimsley,  1347 

V.  Groce,  862 

V.  Haist,  577 

V.  Hall,  1331 

V.  Hardie,  942 

V.  Hartung,  1353 

V.  Hitt,  577 

V.  Holmes,  1357 

V.  Knight,  1342 

V.  Lamb,  856o 

V.  Leamons,  44 

V.  Lesser,  851 

V.  Lyman,  937 

V.  McCain,  1367 

V.  Maddry,  577,  1367 

V.  Morris,  64,  942 

V.  Mudford,  316,  844,  854,  856a 

V.  Mynott,  1342 

V.  Needham,  52  Fed.  371;  574 

V.  Needham,  10  U.  S.  App.  339; 
581 

V.  O'Baugh,  72 


OF  CASES  3011 

are  to  sections] 

St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Osborne, 
1360 

V.  Ozier,  843a 

V.  Pate,  1353 

V.  Pfau,  1166,  1168 

V.  Phelps,  316,  854 

V.  Price,  1358 

V.  Raines,  1367 

V.  Reed,  1363 

V.  Robbins,  1353,  1367 

V.  Rogers,  1356 

V.  Schneider,  685rf 

V.  Snell,  1347 

V.  Sparks,  1356 

V.  Standifer,  577 

V.  Stell,  171a 

V.  Stovall,  1347 

V.  Stroud,  212,  872 

V.  Sweet,  57  Ark.  287;  573 

V.  Sweet,  60  Ark.  550;  571c,  574a, 
577 

V.  Taylor,  43i 

V.   Theodore  Maxfield  Co.,   253, 
1134 

V.  Trimble,  865 

V.  Walbrink,  1165 

V.  Waren,  1355 

V.  Warren,  4866 

V.  Weakly,  851 

V.  WilUams,  864a 

V.  Wilson,  363,  380 

V.  Woodard,  1342 

11.  Woodruff,  1342 

V.  Yarbrough,  243,  937 
St.  Louis,  J.  &  C.  R.  R.  V.  Lurton,  226&, 
618 

V.  Mitchell,  II6O0 
St.  Louis,  J.  &  S.  R.  R.  V.  Kirby,  1138, 

1165,  1171 
St.  Louis,  K.  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  North, 

1166 
St.  Louis,  K.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Clark, 
1160a,  1163 

V.  St.  Louis  U.  S.  Y.  Co.,  1161 
St.  Louis,  K.  &  S.  W.  R.  R.  v.  Hammers, 

1165 
St.  Louis,  L.  &  D.  R.  R.  Co.  v.  Wilder, 

1149 
St.  Louis,  M.  &  S.  E.  P.  Co.  v.  Conti- 
nental B.  Co.,  1140 


3012 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


[References 

St.  Louis,  M.  &  S.  E.  R.  R.  v.  Aubuchon, 
1154 

V.  Continental  B.  Co.,  1166 

V.  Drummond  R.  &  I.  Co.,  1154 

V.  Garner,  576 
St.  Louis,  P.  &  N.  R.  R.  ».  Rawley,  580 
St.  Louis,  V.  &  T.  H.  R.  R.  v.  Capps, 
1169 

V.  Haller,  1149,  1165 

V.  Hurst,  1110 

V.  Mollett,  1166e,  1167,  1172a 
St.  Louis  M.  B.  T.  R.  Ass'n  v.  Schultz, 

937 
St.  Louis  M.  Co.  V.  Miller,  939 
St.  Louis  O.  K.  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Fowler, 

1130,  1140,  1151,  II6O0 
St.  Louis  Ry.  v.  Southern  Ry.,  1160 
St.  Louis,  S.  F.  &  T.  Ry.  v.  Andrews, 
1358 

V.  Bolen,  1367 

V.  Grayson  County,  1173 

V.  Shaw,  1123 
St.  Louis  R.  Co.  V.  Southern  Ry.,  235o 
St.  Louis  S.  R.  Co.  V.  Kline-Drummond 

M.  Co.,  753 
St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.  v.  Alexander,  43i 

V.  Browning,  1353 

V.  Clayton,  932 

V.  Cleland,  1356 

V.  Ferguson,  150 

V.  Ford,  1348 

V.  Freedman,  1363 

V.  Furlow,  1342 

V.  Garber,  1270o 

V.  Germany,  1342 

V.  Granger,  1342 

V.  Gresham,  1364 

V.  Groves,  1357 

V.  Guthrie,  318 

V.  Hammett,  865 

V.  Holt,  1367 

V.  Huey,  580a 

V.  Hughes,  1143 

V.  Hunt,  852 

V.  Jackson,  1347 

V.  Knight,  868 

V.  Leder  Bros.,  843a 

V.  Lewis,  1216 

V.  Mackey,  924 

V,  May,  149,  856 


are  to  sections] 

St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.  v.  Murdock,  43A 

».  Myzell,  363 

V.  Pearson,  864 

V.  Phoenix  Cotton  Gil  Co.,  852 

V.  Shiflet,  574a 

V.  Starks,  1264 

V.  Thompson,  170a,  1343,  1344 

V.  White,  863 
St.  Louis  Trust  Co.  v.  Murmann,  1216 
St.  Louis  T.  Ry.  v.  Heiger,  1171 
St.  Martin  v.  Desnoyer,  1326 
St.  Ores  V.  McGlashen,  353,  360 
St.  Paul  V.  Kuby,  1326 

V.  Louisiana  C.  L.  Co.,  934 
St.  Paul  &  S.  C.  R.  R.  V.  Matthews, 
1154 

V.  Murphy,  1148 
St.  Paul  Boom  Co.  v.  Kemp,  1296 
St.  Paul  Distilling  Co.  i;.  Pratt,  4706 
St.  Paul  Foundry  Co.  v.  Wegmann, 

681a 
St.  Paul  Nat.  Bank  v.  Cannon,  703 
St.  Paul  Trust  Co.  v.  Fmch,  310a 

V.  Strong,  311c 
St.  Paul's  Church  v.  Washington,  339 
St.  Peter  v.  Dennison,  1111 

V.  Iowa  Tel.  Co.,  1345 
St.  Peter's  Church  v.  Beach,  233,  234, 

359,  383a 
Sainter  v.  Ferguson,  406,  408,  418 
Saladin  v.  Mitchell,  755 
Salado  College  v.  Davis,  234 
Salchert  v.  Reinig,  637,  638,  639 
Saldana  v.  Galveston,  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry., 

481 
Saleeby  v.  Cent.  R.  R.,  873 
Salem  v.  McClintock,  692a 
Salem  Iron  Co.  v.  Lake  Superior  Con- 
solidated Iron  Mines,  753 
Salisbury  Ore  Co.  v.  Miller,  56 
Salladay  v.  Dodgeville,  2216 
Sallden  v.  Little  Falls,  1172o 
Salle  V.  Light,  775 

Sailer  v.  Friedman  Bros.  Shoe  Co.,  1357 
Salida  v.  McKinna,  486a 
Salina  v.  Trosper,  44 
Salina  M.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Hoyne,  481 
Saling  V.  Bolander,  324a 
Salisbury  v.  Western  N.  C.  R.  R.,  70 
Salmon  f .  Helena  Box  Co.,  753 


TABLE   Of  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


3013 


Salmon  v.  M.  E.  Blasier  Mfg.  Co.,  929 

V.  Rathjens,  573 

V.  Smith,  1279 
Salstrom  v.  Orleans  B.  G.  M.  Co.,  937 
Salt  River  Canal  Co.  v.  Hickey,  257 
Salter  v.  Parkhurst,  310 
Salters  v.  Ralph,  410 
Saltmarsh  v.  Chicago  &  G.  T.  Ry.,  504, 

934 
Saltus  V.  Everett,  1044 

V.  Kip,  1274 
Saluda  Manuf.  Co.  v.  Pennington,  647c 
Salvo  V.  Duncan,  614 
Salyers  v.  Ross,  692j 
Salzer  v.  Sheffield  F.  S.  D.  Co.,  406,  407 
Salzgeber  v.  Mickel,  90,  988 
Samieloff  v.  New  York  &  Q.  C.  Ry.,  380 
Sammis  v.  Clark,  293 
Sample  v.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  1367 
Sampson  v.  Henry,  358 

V.  Neely,  311o 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1355 

V.  Warner,  301,  1042 
Samuel  v.  Bond,  452 
Samuels  v.  Fidelity,  etc.,  Co.,  618,  6226 

V.  New  York  City  Ry.,  1370 

V.  Willis,  123 
San  Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v.  Beam, 
1270a 

ti.  Beauchamp,  1357 

V.  Brock,  574a 

V.  Chittin,  844 

V.  Connell,  1355 

V.  Corley,  1270o 

V.  Engelhom,  1367 

V.  Green,  1356 

V.  Grier,  368,  380o 

V.  Griffin,  457,  464 

V.  Harding,  1367 

V.  Horkan,  942 

V.  Hunnicutt,  1151,  1171 

V.  Kiersey,  937 

V.  Knoepfli,  221o 

V.  Long,  577,  583,  1363,  1367 

V.  MacGregor,  1171 

V.  Mohe,  947 

ti.  Moore,  1306 

V.  Muecke,  1357 

V.  Spencer,  1309 

V.  Timon,  99  S.  W.  418;  854 


San  Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v.  Timon, 
110  S.  W.  82;  1264 
V.  Waller,  1367 
V.  Gwynn,  948 
San  Antonio  v.  Campbell,  3406 
V.  Lane,  346 
V.  Mackey,  947,  1110 
V.  MuUaly,  184,  932,  1143,  1152fl! 
San  Antonio  Gas  Co.  v.  Singeton,  1353 
San  Antonio  St.  Ry.  v.  Mechler,  575 
V.  Renken,  1367 
V.  Watzlavzick,  1367 
San  Antonio  Traction  Co.  v.  Probandt, 
1362 
V.  White,  574o 
San  Bernardino  &  S.  Ry.  ti.  Haven,  1135 
San  Diego  L.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Neale,  1162, 

1171c,  1295 
San  Diego  Water  Co.  i>.  Pacific  Coast 

Steamship  Co.,  685y,  685A; 
San  Francisco  &  N.  P.  R.  R.  v.  Taylor, 

1175 
San  Franciso  &  S.  J.  R.  R.  v.  Mahoney, 

1151 
San  Francisco,  A.  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Cald- 
well, 1135,  1155 
San  Francisco  Bridge  Co.  v.  Bumbarton 

Land  &  Imp.  Co.,  6556 
San  Joaquin  Land,  etc.,  Co.  v.  West, 

334 
San  Jose  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  Mayne,  151, 165, 

1135 
San  Jose  Fruit  Packing  Co.  ».  Cutting, 

685i 
San  Pedro,  L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Railroad  v. 
Board  of  Education,  11716 
V.  Salt  Lake  City,  11546 
Sanborn  v.  Benedict,  753 
V.  Emerson,  549 
V.  Fickett,  1335 
V.  Neilson,  480 
V.  Steele,  334 
Sanchez  v.  Forster,  692j 
Sandeberg  r.,  Victor  Gold,  etc..  Mining 

Co.,  308a 
Sanderlin  v.  Shaw,  923 

V.  Willis,  156,  1022,  1055 
Sanders  v.  Anderson,  12566 
V.  Bank  of  Kentucky,  692 
V.  Bond,  755 


3014 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Sanders  v.  Carter,  414 

V.  Davis,  466 

V.  Johnson,  447 

V.  Lake  S.  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  324a 

V.  Logan,  1220,  1230  ■ 

V.  McKim,  408,  413 

V.  Miller,  91 

V.  Scott,  311a 

V.  Smith,  992 

V.  Stuart,  154,  890 

V.  Vance,  317,  493 
Sanderson  v.  Columbian  Ins.  Co.,  716 

V.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  43g 

V.  Pa.  Coal  Co.,  91 

V.  Price,  912 

V.  Read,  313a 
Sands  v.  Taylor,  750 
Sandwich  !;.  Dolan,  221 

V.  Fish,  692e 
Sanford,  The,  593 

V.  Belle  Plaine  First  Nat.  Bank, 
417 

V.  City  Nat.  Bank,  325 

V.  Cloud,  1010 

V.  Crocheron,  302a 

V.  East  R.  I.  District,  192 

V.  Lichtenberger,  331 

V.  Willetts,  237,  565a 
Sangamon  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Henry,  844, 

856 
Sanger  v.  Cleveland,  695 

V.  Fincher,  1041 

V.  Smith,  991 
Sangster  v.  Commonwealth,  692i 

V.  Prather,  1027 
Sanguinett  v.  Webster,  343 
Sanitary  Dist.  v.  Burke,  673rf 

V.  McMahon  &  M.  Co.,  148 

V.  R.  R.,  1151,  11716 

V.  Ray,  1110 
Sanitary  Dist.  of  Chicago  v.  Kompare, 
1334 

V.  Loughran,  1162,  1169 
Sanquer  v.  London  &  S.  W.  Ry.,  844 
Sans  V.  New  York,  301 
Santa  Ana  v.  Harlin,  1171e 
Santa  Clara  Mining  Assoc,  v.  Meredith, 
673e  '■■ 

Santa  Fe  St.  Ry.  v.  Schultz,  416 
Santa  Maria,  336 


Santford  v.  Dobyns,  929 

Saperstone  v.  Rochester  Ry.,  1368, 1371 

Sapp  V.  N.  C.  Ry.,  363,  366 

Sapphire,  The,  587,  597 

SapweU  V.  Bass,  200 

Sargeant  v.  Kellogg,  1031 

Sargent  v. ,  472,  1328 

V.  Cames,  366 

V.  Currier,  774 

V.  Davis,  3116 

V.  Franklin  Ins.  Co.,  519 

V.  Hampden,  316 

V.  Machias,  1164c 

V.  Mason,  149 

V.  Merrimac,  11716 

V.  Pomroy,  686 

V.  St.  Mary's  O.  B.  Asylum,  685j 

V.  Southgate,  798 

V.  Tacoma,  1112o 

V.  Tattle,  332 

V.  Yale  Lock  Mfg.,  17  Blatch.  244; 
1240 

V.  Yale  Lock  Mfg.  Co.,  17  P.  O.  G. 
106;  1222 
Sarpy  v.  New  Orleans,  983 
Sasse  V.  Rogers,  1337 
Satchwell  v.  Williams,  137,  170a,  190, 

668,  1064 
Sater  v.  Plankroad  Co.,  1148 
Satterwhite  v.  Carson,  317 

V.  McKie,  411 
Sauer  v.  Mayor,  1169 

».  Schulenberg,  639 
Saulters  v.  Victory,  562 
Saunders  v.  Anderson,  673 

V.  Baxter,  446 

i^.  Brosius,  117,  506 

V.  Chamberlain,, 439^ 

V.  Clark,  246 

V.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  1326 

V.  Mills,  451 

V.  Mullen,  388 

V.  Post-Standard  Co.,  368 

V.  U.  S.  Marble  Co.,  736 
Sausser  v.  Steinmetz,  984a 
Sauter  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

2216,  581 
Savage  v.  Chicago  &  J.  Ry.,  1351 

V.  Corn  Exchange  Ins.  Co.,  718 

t),  Fox,  695o 


TABLE   Of   cases 


[References 
Savage  v.  Glenn,  643,  645 

0.  Gunter,  691c 

V.  Joseph  H.  Bauland  Co.,  1360 

V.  Medical  and  Surgical  Associa 
tion,  608 

V.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  172 
Savannah  v.  Hartridge,  1137 

V.  Waldner,  234 
Savannah  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Callahan,  277, 

313o,  412 
Savannah  &  O.  C.  Co.  v.  Bourquin,  91, 

924,  924a,  947 
Savannah,  A.  &  N.  Ry.  v.  Williams, 

1165a 
Savannah  Electric  Co.  v.  Bell,  1367 
Savannah,  F.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Davis,  92, 924 

V.  Flannagan,  1367 

V.  Harper,  1331 

V.  Holland,  1263 

V.  Pritchard,  134a,  165,  226c 

V.  Shearer,  5716 
Savannah  St.  R.  R.  v.  Bryan,  1342 
Saveland  v.  Green,  834 
Savercool  D.  Farwell,  1297 
Savile  v.  Roberts,  456 
Savings  Bank  v.  Asbury,  153a,  622 

V.  Hodgdon,  305 
Sawyer  v.  Colgan,  338 

V.  Dean,  755 

V.  Dulany,  121b 

V.  Eifert,  451 

V.  Hoag,  1031 

V.  Hopkins,  447 

V.  Keene,  1110,  1164 

V.  M'Intyre,  1023 

V.  Mayhew,  623 

V.  Sauer,  378,  486c 

V.  Warner,  1007,  1010 

V.  Wiswell,  1041,  1042 
Saxe  V.  Penokee  Lumber  Co.,  734,  735 
Saxonia  M.  Co.  v.  Cook,  666,  667 
Saxton  V.  Bacon,  125a 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  1190 

V.  Williams,  531a 
Sayers  v.  CoUyer,  1256& 

V.  Hohnes,  531 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  83 
Sayles  v.  Bemis,  109 

V.  Quinn,  1946 

V.  Richmond,  F,  &  P.  R.  R.,  1230 


3015 

are  to  sections] 

Saylor  v.  Pennsylvania  Canal  Co.,  35 
Sayre  v.  Austin,  301,  334 

V.  Sayre,  451 

i;.  Sheffield  L.  I.  &  C.  Co.,  977 

V.  State,  316 
Sayward  v.  Dexter,  310,  324a 
Scagel  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  1306 
Scahill  V.  jEtna  Indemnity  Co.,  377a 
Scaling  v.  Knollin,  774,  837 
Scally  V.  W.  T.  Garratt  &  Co.,  481,  485o 
Scammon  v.  Kimball,  1031,  1032 
Scanlan  v.  Gulling,  565o 

V.  Musgrove,  937,  9906 
Scantlin  v.  Allison,  1053 
Scarborough  v.  Goethe,  4926 

V.  Parker,  692 

V.  State,  107a,  692j 

V.  Thornton,  692 
Scarpati  v.  MetropoUtan  St.  Ry.,  1367 
Schaaf  v.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1334 
Schaefifer  v.  Dickinson,  523 

V.  Empire  Lithography  Co.,  1042 

V.  Miehling,  970 

V.  Siegel,  334 
chafer  v.  Gildea,  644 

V.  Ostmann,  385 

V.  Smith,  1245 
Schaffer  v.  Baker  Transfer  Co.,  575, 1367 
Schaffner  v.  Ehrman,  171a,  ISlOo 
Schaible  v.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  R.  R., 

1148,  1149 
Schaidler  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  581 
Schalk  V.  Kingsley,  73,  926 
Schaller  v.  Omaha,  1141 
Schanzenbach  v.  Brough,  6736 
Schars  ;■.  Brand,  565a 
Schattler  v.  Daily  Herald  Co.,  448 
Schaub  D.  Hannibal  &  St.  J.  R.  R.,  573a 
Schaufele  v.  Central  Georgia  Ry.,  180a 
Scheele  v.  Lafayette  Bank,  623 
Scheen  v.  Poland,  372 
Scheer  v.  Kriesel,  363,  383c,  930 

V.  Schlomowitz,  1023 
Scheerschmidt  v.  Smith,  988a,  1012 
ScheiBer  v.  Minneapohs  &  St.  L.  Ry., 

575,  581 
Scheffer  v.  Washington,  C.  V.  M.  & 

C.  S.  R.  R.,  126a 
Scheffler  Press  v.  Perlman,  999 
Scheible  v.  Klein,  642 


3016 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Scheible  v.  Slagle,  1053 
Schell  V.  Cochran,  336 

V.  Plumb,  90,  636i,  666 
Schenkel  v.  Pittsburg  &  B.  Tr.  Co.,  481 
Schenck  v.  Schenck,  446 
Scliening  v.  Cofer,  685c,  685fe 
Scheppel  v.  Weiler,  911 
Scherer  v.  Schlaberg,  575 
Scherpf  v.  Szadeczky,  1328 
Schertz  v.  Indianapolis  R.  R.,  43e 
Schettler  v.  Soutliern  Oregon  Co.,  916, 

917 
Schick  V.  Fleischhauer,  992 
Sehieffelin  v.  Carpenter,  999^ 

V.  New  York  Ins.  Co.,  718 

V.  Stewart,  344 
Schierloh  v.  Intenirban  St.  Ry.,  1346 
Schiff  V.  Pottlitzer,  991 
Schiffman  v.  Peerless  M.  C.  Co.,  633 
Schildwaehter  v.  Mayor,  999<i 
Schile  ti.  Brokhahus,  127o,  189 
Schillinger  v.  Gunther,  1230 
Schillinger  Bros.  v.  Bosch-Ryan  Grain 

Co.,  186 
Schillo  V.  McEwen,  655e 
Schilze  V,  Great  Eastern  Railway,  164 
Schimmelfenig  v.  Donovan,  1254 
Schimmelpfenning  v.  Brunk,  970 
Schindel  v.  Schindel,  373o,  432a 
Sohintzer  v.  Russell,  533 
Sehippel  v.  Norton,  361 
Schleiff  V.  Berglas,  667 
Schlemmer  v.  North,  71,  903,  988 
Schlesiger  v.  Bedford,  68Se 
Schlesinger  v.  Ritchie,  642 
Schley  v.  Lyon,  76,  78 
Schloss  V.  Rovelsky,  683 
Schmaelzle  v.  London,  etc.,  F.  Ins.  Co., 

726 
Schmaltz  v.  Weed,  622a,  1006 
Schmertz  v.  Dwyer,  738 
Schmidt  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry., 
1371 

V.  Durnham,  639,  641 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  302 

V.  Mitchell,  1255 

V.  Nunan,  532 

V.  R.  R.,  865 

V.   Southwestern   Brewery   &   Ice 
Co.,  482 


Schmidt    v.   The  Steamship  Pennsyl- 
vania, 856a 
Schmied  v.  Frank,  904 
Schmieder  v.  Kingsley,  407 
Schmisseur  v.  Kreilich,  364 
Schmitt  V.  Boston  Ins.  Co.,  724 

V.  Jurrus,  226o 

V.  Kurrus,  385 

V.  Milwaukee  St.  Ry.,  484 
Schmitz  II.  Kirchan,  1345 

V.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  486c 
Schmolt  V.  H.  W.  Wright  Limiber  Co., 

1357 
Schmumacher  v.  Kennedy,  774 
Schnable  v.  Koehler,  74 

V.  Providence  Public  Market,  573a, 
575 

V.  Thomas,  533 
Schnatz  v.  Phila  &  R.  R.  R.,  577 
Schneider  v.  Hosier,  1249,  1254 

V.  McGill,  1336 

V.  Patterson,  988 

V.  Second  Ave.  R.  R.,  1354 
Schneider,  In  re,  121  N.  Y.  Supp.  9; 

243c 
Schneider,  In  re,  11  Leg.  Int.  122;  341 
Schnelby  v.  Shirtcliff,  753 
Schnell  v.  Plumb,  633o 
Schnerr  v.  Lemp,  659 
Schnuth  V.  Aber,  665 
Schoenemann  v.  Martyn,  692d 
Schoenfeld  v.  Fleisher,  817 
Schofield  V.  Baldwin,  364 

V.  Ferrers,  375,  1268 

V.  Iowa  Homestead  Co.,  961 
SchoU  V.  Schnebel,  1337 
School  Directors  v.  Birch,  667 

V.  Kimmel,  667 
School  District  No.  2  v.  Searle,  1177 
School  Dist.  V.  Dreutzer,  303 

V.  McDonald,  666 
School  Trustees  v.  Bennett,  655c 
Schooley  v.  Stoops,  107d,  972 
Schoolher  v.  Hutchins,  493 
Schooner  Lively,  The,  175 
Schrader  v.  Lillis,  415,  416 

V.  WolfUn,  689a 
Schrandt  v.  Young,  62  Neb.  254;  535, 
536,  537,  538,  540 

V.  Young,  2  Neb.  (Unof.)  546;  182a 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


3017 


Schreckengast  v.  Ealy,  637 

Schreiber  v.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1154a 

V.  Depew,  1349 

V.  Klingerstein,  670 
Schreiner  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  125a 
Schrepfer  v.  Rockford  Ins.  Co.,  340,  724 
Sehrimpf  v.  Tenn.  Manuf .  Co.,  407 
Scripps  V.  Reilly,  47 
Schriver  v.  Johnstown,  36o,  170a 
Schroeder  v.  Crawford,  1255 

V.  California  Yukon  Trading  Co., 
98c,  620,  666,  667 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I,  &  P.  Ry.,  1309 

V.  De  Graff,  63 
Schuchmann  v.  Knoebel,  1040,  1053 
Schulte  V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  432, 
434 

V.   North   Pacific   Transportation 
Co.,  35 
Schultz  V.  Bower,  925,  932 

V.  Brenner,  226i 

V.  Great  Eastern  R.  R.,  854 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  317 
Schulz  V.  Jalonick,  451 
Schumacher  v.  St.  Louis,  1012a 
Schumaker  v.  St.  Paul  &  D.  R.  R.,  143 
Schumann  v.  Wager,  760 
Schurr  v.  Savigny,  673d 
Schuster  v.  Sanitary  District,  1171 
Schutt  V.  Baker,  191,  768 
Schuylkill  River,  etc.,  R.  R.  v.  Stocker, 

1171 
Schuwirth  v.  Thumma,  308 
Schuylkill  Nav.  Co.  v.  Farr,  940,  942 

V.  Freedley,  1169 

V.  Thobum,  926,  1142 
Schuylkill  R.  R.  R.  v.  Stocker,  253 
Schwab  V.  Cleveland,  948 

V.  Owens,  531a 
Schwabacker  v.  Riddle,  83 
Schwann  v.  Sanders,  12866 
Schwarts  v.  Davis,  682 
Schwartz  v.  Atlantic  &  P.  T.  Co.,  876 

V.  Kuhn,  648 

V.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.,  363,  383c 

V.  North  Jersey  St.  Ry.,  482o 

V.  Saunders,  655c 

V.  Schendel,  107o 
Schwartz-bauer  v.  Great  Northern  Ry., 
1360 


Schwarzel  v.  Holenshade,  1229 
Schwartzenbes  v.  Hass,  753,  755 
Schweer  v.  Schwabacher,  691(i 
Schweitzer  v.  Connor,  934a 
Schwerin  v.  McKie,  317 
Schwinger  v.  Raymond,  852 
Schwingschlegl  v.  Monroe,  1216 
Schwitters  v.  Springer,  439e,  493 
Scioto  Valley  Traction  Co.  v.  Craybill, 

380 
Scobey  v.  Finton,  972 
ScofBns  V.  Grandstaff,  973 
Scofield  V.  Churchill,  6926,  692^ 

V.  Day,  275 

V.  Pennsylvania  Co.,  576,  1367 

V.  Tompkins,  407,  408,  411 
ScoUans  v.  Rollins,  492a 
Scongale  v.  Sweet,  107a 
Scotland,  The,  105  U.  S.  24;  596 
Scotland,  The,  118  U.  S.  607;  322,  324 
Scott  V.  Bay,  122,  363a,  927 

V.  Bevan,  275 

V.  Boston  &  N.  0.  S.  S.  Co.,  136, 
208n,  854 

V.  Bryson,  363 

V.  Childers,  565o 

V.  Colson,  908 

V.  Com.,  1336 

V.  Cornell,  592 

V.  Dent,  419 

V.  Donald,  360,  366,  381 

e.  DonoraS.  R.  R.,  1154 

V.  Elliott,  533,  537,  538 

V.  Flowers,  462 

V.  Guernsey,  304 

V.  Hamilton,  481 

V.  Haverstraw  C.  &  B.  Co.,  999i 

V.  Henley,  547,  554a 

V.  Hunter,  119,  1196 

V.  Kenton,  125a,  1063 

V.  Kittanning  Coal  Co.,  752o 

V.  Lunt,  1285 

V.  McAlpine,  498 

V.  McKinnish,  446,  451,  452 

V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1203 

V.  Mathis,  363 

I'.  Montgomery,  41,  42,  47,  180, 
226/,  481,  485 

V.  Moss,  128 

V.  O'Brien,  48,  376,  4806 


3018 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


[References 


Scott  V.  Phillips,  679o 

V.  Rogers,  509 

V.  Rowland,  807c 

V.  St.  Paul,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1112a 

V.  Sampson,  451 

V.  Security  F.  I.  Co.,  722 

V.  Shepherd,  115 

V.  Sun  P.  &  P.  Assoc,  1332 

V.  Texas  Cent.  R.  R.,  852 

V.  Tyler,  793a 

V.  Wight,  664a 
Scottish- American  Mortg.  Co.  v.  Tay- 
lor, 984 

u.  Wilson,  331 
Scovill  V.  Griffith,  854 
Scow,  No.  190,  841 
Scranton  v.  Tilley,  772 
Seranton,  G.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Scranton, 

1152a 
Scribner  v.  Clark,  12466 

V.  Schenkel,  753,  755 
Scripps  V.  Reilly,  448a 
Scriver  v.  Myers,  956 
Scroggs  V.  Cunningham,  311 
Scruggs  V.  Riddle,  753 
Scrugham  v.  Carter,  78 
Scudder  v.  Morris,  302a 
Scull  V.  Briddle,  493 
Scullane  v.  Kellogg,  171a 
Scully  V.  Scully,  673d 
Scurlock  V.  Boone,  67,  1347 
Seaboard  A.  L.  Ry.  v.  Brown,  926 

tj.  Harris,  195 

V.  O'Quin,  361,  363a 

V.  Phillips,  494a 

V.  Scarborough,  868 

V.  Smith,  126a 
Seaboard  Lumber  Co.  v.  Cornelia  Plan- 
ing Mill  Co.,  762 
Seaboard  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Woodson,  98  Ala. 
378;  107a 

V.  Woodson,  94  Ala.  143;  485a 
Seabrook  v.  Moyer,  999(i 

V.  Raft  of  R.  R.  Cross-ties,  592, 593 
Seabury  v.  Am  Ende,  1244 

V.  Ross,  531,  535 
Sea  Gull,  The,  599 
Seal  V.  Holcomb,  361,  565a 
Seals  V.  Augusta  So.  R.  R.,  42 
Seaman  v.  Luce,  78 


are  to  sections] 

Seaman  v.  Washington,  1112a,  1163 

V.  White,  680 
Seamore  v.  Harlan,  959,  1012a 
■  Searcy  v.  Reardon,  908 
Searight  v.  Calbraith,  267 
Searl  v.  School  District,  1150,  1174 
Searle  v.  Adams,  325 

V.  City  of  Lead,  1123 
V.  Kanawha  &  O.  Ry.,  577 
V.  Lackawanna  R.  R.,  1161 
Searles  v.  EUzabeth,  P.  &  C.  J.  Ry., 

1326 
Sears  v.  Bailey,  762 
V.  Conover,  1330 
V.  Lydon,  248a,  565c 
V.  Lyons,  350 
V.   Seattle   Consol.   St.   R.   R.,   6 

Wash.  227;  1354 
V.  Seattle  Consolidated  St.  R.  R., 

7  Wash.  286;  688 
V.  Stinson,  1028 
V.  Wingate,  1041 
Seaside,  etc..  Bridge  Elevated  Railroad 
V.  South  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
1191 
Seat  V.  Moreland,  98,  109 
Seaton  v.  New  Orleans  Second  Munici- 
pality, 614 
V.  Second  Municipality,  636j 
Seattle  v.  Board  of  Home  Missions, 
1123,  1143a,  1168,  1172a 
V.  McNamara,  1215 
Seattle  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Roeder,  1143a 
Seattle  Crockery  Co.  v.  Haley,  682 
Seattle  &  M.  Ry.  v.  Gilchrist,  1163 
V.  Joergenson,  12866 
V.  Murphine,  252,  1163,  1171 
V.  Roeder,  1143a,  1166c 
V.  Schieke,  1157 
Seaver  v.  Hall,  1012,  1021a 
Seavey  v.  Dennett,  433,  437 

V.  Shurick,  618 
Seawell  v.  Kansas,  C.  F.  S.  &  M.  R.  R., 

857a 
Seay  v.  Greenwood,  683 
Second  &  T.  S.  P.  Ry.  v.  Philadelphia, 

306 
Second  Nat.  Bank  v.  Bank  of  Alma, 

633c 
Second  St,,  Hariisburg,  331a 


Table  Of  Cases 


301D 


IReferences 

Secor  V.  Gray,  304 

V.  Sturgis,  836,  85a 

V.  Taylor,  1254 
Security  Ins.  Co.  v.  Kentucky  Ins.  Co., 

727 
Seddon  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  8946 
Sedgwick  v.  Place,  497 
Sedro  Veneer  Co.  v.  Kwapil,  162 
Seed  V.  Johnston,  667 
Seefeld  v.  Thacker,  734 
Seeley  v.  Bishop,  946 

V.  Brown,  556 

V.  New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
1367 
Seely  v.  Alden,  932,  941 
Seeman  v.  Biemann,  408 
Seemore  v.  Bennet,  6736 
Seevers  v.  Gabel,  999^ 
Segal  V.  Ensler,  999/ 
Segelke  v.  Finan,  96,  101,  109 
Seger  v.  Barkhamsted,  47 
Segerstrom  v.  Lawrence,  1347 
Segura  v.  Reed,  844 
Seibel  v.  Sieman,  998 
Seibold  v.  Rogers,  497/ 
Seidensparger  v.  Spear,  99 
Seidler  v.  Burns,  457 
Seifert  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  8816 
Seigworth  v.  Leffel,  762,  1060 
Seller  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  886 
Seim  V.  Krause,  419 
Seitz  V.  People's  Sav.  Bank,  236,  238 
Selby  V.  Hutchinson,  6556 

V.  Matson,  417 
Selden  v.  Cashman,  182, 182a,  383a,  387 

V.  Jacksonville,  1115 

V.  James,  3016 

V.  Preston,  340c 
Selders  v.  Brothers,  1251 
Seldon  v.  Dudley  E.  Jones  Co.,  974 
Self  ridge  w.  Lithgow,  554 
Seligman  v.  Dudley,  789,  972 
Selkirk  v.  Cobb,  496 
Sell  V.  Ward,  251 
Sellar  v.  Clelland,  246,  441,  739 
Sellars  v.  Foster,  1249 

V.  Kinder,  66 
Selleck  v.  French,  310 

V.  Janesville,  2216,  486a 

V.  Tallman,  3016,  1021a 


are  to  sections] 

Seller  v.  Work,  818 
Sellick  V.  3.  Langdon  &  Co.,  1355 
Selma  R.  &  D.  R.  R.  v.  Keith,  1137, 
1161,  1165 

V.  Redwine,  1165 
Selma  Street  &  S.  R.  R.  v.  Owen,  1348 
Selover  v.  Harpending,  793a 
Selser  v.  Ferriday,  533 
Seltzer  v.  Saxton,  486c 
Sembler  v.  Cowperthwait,  1367 
Semple  v.  Bank  of  British  Columbia, 
918 

V.  Whorton,  975 
Senft  V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1202 
Senior  v.  Metropolitan  Railway,  1103 
Senglaup  v.  Acker  Process  Co.,  947 
Sensinger  v.  Boyer,  565a 
Sentell  v.  Kennedy,  344 
Serafina  v.  Galveston  H.  &  S.  A.  Ry., 

226/ 
Serenson  v.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  1367 
Serfling  v.  Andrews,  167,  984 
Sergyt).  Helena  L.  &  R.  Co.,  1367 
Serrell  v.  Collins,  1226 
Serviss  v.  Ferguson,  599c 
Serwe  v.  Northern  P.  R.  R.,  150,  865 
Sesler  v.  Rolfe  Coal  &  C.  Co.,  490 
Sessions  v.  Pintard,  688 

V.  Romadka,  1230 
Seton  V.  Delaware  Ins.  Co.,  711 

V.  Hoyt,  337 
Setzler  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1348 

V.  Penn.  S.  V.  R.  R.,  1142 
Seven  Brothers,  The,  5995 
Seventh  St.  P.  M.  Co.  v.  Schaefer,  648a 
Seventy-Third  St.  Bldg.  Co.  v.  Jencks; 

973,  974 
Sewall's  F.  B.  Co.  v.  Fisk,  187 
Sexton  V.  Brock,  1326,  1327 

V.  North  Bridgewater,  1129 
Seyfert  v.  Bean,  188,  988a 
Seyfried  v.  Knoblauch,  966,  975,  981 
Seymour  v.  Continental  Insurance  Co., 
325 

V.  Davis,  1042 

V.  Fellows,  664a 

V.  Harvey,  554,  686 

V.  Ives,  505 

V.  McCormick,   1216,   1220,   1228, 
1230,  1234,  1239 


3020 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Seymour  v.  Merrills,  451 

V.  Oelrichs,  666 

V.  Van  Slyck,  692e 
Shaaber  v.  Reading  City,  1154a,  1157 
Shaber  v.   St.   Paul,   M.   &   M.   Ry., 

574a 
Shackamaxon  Bank  v.  Yard,  692a 
Shackleford  v.  Helm,  341 
Shadwell  v.  Hutchinson,  74 
Shaefer  v.  Dickinson,  519 

V.  Gildea,  1067 
Shaeffer  v.  Hodges,  704 
Shafer  v.  Sloan,  418 

V.  Wilson,,  182,  925,  927 
Shafer,  F.  &  C.  S.  Co.  v.  E.  M.  Upton 

C.  S.  Co.,  312 
Shaffer  v.  Austin,  481 

V.  Lee,  90,  636i,  636j 
Shahan  v.  Smith,  531o 
Shakespeare  v.  Markham,  616 
Shakford  v.  Goodwin,  554 
Shalgren  v.  Red  Cliff  Lumber  Co.,  1355 
Shallenberger  v.  Standard  S.   M.  Co., 

642 
Shaller  v.  Brand,  334 
Shallies  v.  Wilcox,  1057 
Shamp  V.  Lambert,  1309 
Shanahan  v.  Transit  Co.,  171 
Shankland  v.  Hamilton,  688a 
Shanklin  v.  Gray,  101 
Shanks  v.  Griffin,  655c 

V.  Stephens,  345 

V.  Stumpf,  377 

V.  Whitney,  1027 
Shannahan  v.  Waterbury,  1151 
Shannon  v.  Bruner,  1232a 

V.  Burr,  98,  101 

V.  Comstock,  206,  211,  612o,  711, 
858,  1024 

V.  Dodge,  688 

V.  Loeb,  999i 

V.  Northern  Pao.  Ry.,  1342 

V.  Simms,  462 
Shano  v.  Fifth  Ave.  &  H.  St.  B.  Co., 

1163,  1165 
Sharon  v.  Mosher,  164a,  762 
Sharon  Town  Co.  v.  Morris,  1293 
Sharp  V.  Barker,  334 

V.  New  York,  990c 
Sharpe  v.  Bettis,  762 


Sharpe  v.  Hunter,  683 

V.  Lee,  330 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  150,  189,  190,  850 
Sharpley  v.  Brown,  1249 
Sharp's  Pub.  Co.  v.  Grant,  636c 
Sharpsville  Furnace  Co.  v.  Snyder,  753 
Shartle  v.  Hutchinson,  447,  449 

1).  Minneapolis,  1326 
Shatto  V.  Crocker,  458 
Shattuck  V.  Adams,  98,  789,  793a 

V.  Lamb,  956 

V.  M'Arthur,  443 

V.  Stoneham  Branch  R.  R.,  1130 

V.  Wilton  R.  R.,  3406 
Shaubut  V.  St.  Paul  Ry.,  35 
Shaver  v.  3.  Neils  Lumber  Co.,  1359 
ShawK.  Arden,  1038 

V.  Boston  &  W.  R.  R.,  1327 

V.  Bradstreet,  962 

V.  Brown,  365 

V.  Chicago  &  G.  T.  Ry.,  1359 

V.  Commiskey,  2266,  932,  948 

V.  Etheridge,  91 

V.  Ferguson,  80 

V.  Gilbert,  ^16,  439/ 

V.  Hoffman,  21  Mich.  151;  1261 

V.  Hoffman,  25  Mich.  163;  188,  194 

V.  Holland,  736,  745 

V.  Jones,  610 

V.  Laughton,  567 

J).  Macon,  240 

V.  Norfolk  County  R.  R.,  346 

V.  Nudd,  734 

V.  Philadelphia,  1157 

V.  Picton,  288 

V.  Pilling,  1246c 

V.  Rigby,  326,  328 

V.  Shaw,  1012a 

t).  Smith,  191,  768 

V.  South  Carolina  R.  R.,  844 

V.  Southern  Pac.  R.  R.,  485o,  1326 

V.  Stone,  1189 

I).  Turnpike,  655o 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  849a,  894o 

V.  White,  921,  922 

V.  Wilkins,  959,"  1012 
Shaw-Walker  Co.  v.  Fitzsimmons,  610 
Shawe  v.  Felton,  713 
Shawhan  v.  Van  Nest,  752 
Shawnee  v.  Slankard,  1306,  1354 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


3021 


Shawneetown  v.  Mason,  1138 
Shay  V.  Camden  &  S.  Ry.,  43i 

V.  Thompson,  372,  384,  487 

V.  Tuolumne  Water  Co.,  1282 
Shea  ».  Campbell,  906 

V.  Kerr,  668 

V.  R.  R.,  490 
Sheahan  v.  Collins,  451 

V.  Barry,  639,  641 
Sheard    v.    United   States   Fidelity 
&  Guaranty  Co.,  416 

V.  Welbum,  1017 
Shearer  v.  Park  Nursery  Co.,  768 

V.  Ranger,  976,  979 
Shearon  v.  Henderson,  278 
Sheedy  v.  Union  Press  Brick  Works,  107 
Sheehan  ».  Dalrymple,  273 

V.  Edgar,  86c,  180,  226/,  483 

V.  Fall  River,  1154o 
Sheehy  v.  Kansas  City  Gable  R.  R., 

1123 
Sheels  ».  Davies,  1038,  1068 
Sheets  v.  Andrews,  959 

V.  Joyner,  987,  988 
Sheffey  v.  Gardiner,  959,  981 
Sheffield  v.  Linn,  823 

V.  Page,  207 
SheffiU  V.  Van  Deusen,  445,  449 
Sheik  V.  Hobson,  362 
Shelboume  v.  Law  Investment  &  Ins. 

Corp.,  714 
Shelby  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  366 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  R.  R.,  212,  842 
Shelby  County  v.  Castetter,  486 
Shelbyville  L.  B.  R.  R.  v.  Lewark,  195, 

.593 
Sheldon  v.  Baumann,  366 

V.  Boston  &  A.  R.  R.,  1119 

V.  Carpenter,  458,  459 

V.  Leahy,  657 

V.  Martin,  334 

V.  Sherman,  653 

V.  Southern  Express  Co.,  79 

V.  Upham,  546 

V.  Van  Slyke,  71 
Shelton  v.  French,  736 

V.  Gill,  420 

V.  Railroad  Co.,  865 
Shelton  Co.  v.  Birmingham,  1163 
Shemel  v.  Givan,  310 


Shenandoah  Valley  R.  R.  v.  Shephard, 

252,  1169,  1172e 
Shenongo  &  A.  R.  R.  v.  Braham,  253, 

932,  941,  1142 
Shepard  v.  Brenton,  335 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  44,  47, 
865 

V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  12056 

V.  Merrill,  448c 

V.  Milwaukee  Gas  Light  Co.,  182 

V.  Pettit,  934 

V.  Pratt,  1264 

V.  Ryers,  1019 
Shepherd  v.  GambiU,  685j 

V.  Field,  818b 

V.  Hampton,  745,  513 

V.  Johnson,  508,  744 

V.  McQuilkin,  317 

V.  Pepper,  334 

V.  R.  R.,  1144 

V.  Shepherd,  311e 

V.  Willis,  1293 

V.  Young,  933 
Shepherd,  Croan  &  Co.  v.  Templeman, 

735c 
Sheppard  v.  Dowling,  656 
Sherburne  v.  Orleans  Cotton  Press  Co., 

667 
Sheridan  v.  Hibbard,  41,  47,  180,  481, 
485 

V.  Van  Winkle,  305 
Sherlag  v.  Kelley,  570,  1257 
Sherley  v.  Billings,  1369 
Sherlock  v.  Ailing,  67a,  583 

V.  Kimmell,  673o 

V.  Powell,  659 
Sherman  v.  Billings,  762 

V.  Champlain  Tr.  Co.,  667 

V.  Clark,  533 

V.  Connor,  618,  619 

V.  Dutch,  364,  366,  373a,  990o 

V.  F.  R.  Iron  Works  Co.,  83,  223, 
2266 

V.  Finch,  82 

V.  Gray,  426 

V.  Hudson  R.  R.  R.,  854 

V.  Mayor,  664 

V.  Milwaukee  R.  R.,  95,  924,  924a 

V.  Parish,  36a 

V.  Philadelphia  &  R.  R.  R.,  346 


3022 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


[References 

Sherman  v.  Rawson,  639 

V.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  R.  R.,  253 

V.  Savery,  918 

V.  Wells,  317,  844 

V.  Western  Stage  Co.,  1367 
Sherman  Center  Town  Co.  v.  Leonard, 

205,  608 
Sherman  G.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Belden,  947, 

948 
Sherman  House  Hotel  Co.  v.  Cirkle, 

1826 
Sherman  S.  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Eaves,  1365 
Sherrell  v.  Goodrum,  692d 

V.  Shepard,  311b 
Sherrick  v.  Wyland,  1027a 
Sherrill  v.  Shuford,  550,  554 

u.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Sherrod  v.  Langdon,  125,  768,  769 
Sherry  v.  Frecking,  1278 

V.  Schuyler,  60 
Sherwood  v.  Chicago  &  W.  M.  Ry.,  47, 
481,  483,  484,  485 

V.  Hauser,  664a 

V.  Johnson,  970 

V.  Kyle,  1335 

V.  Lafayette,  1154a 

V.  Moore,  327 

V.  St.  Paul,  etc.,  R.  R.,  11656 

V.  Sutton,  777 
Sheyer  v.  Lowell,  1347 
Shevalier  v.  Postal  Tel.  Co.,  1151 
Shibley  v.  Gendron,  438,  1334 
Shields  v.  Anderson,  312 

V.  Henderson,  924,  931 

V.  Henry,  308 

V.  Lozear,  3406 

V.  Pettie,  762 

V.  Smith,  692j 

V.  Washington  Tel.  Co.,  874,  890 
Shiff  V.  Louisiana  S.  I.  Co.,  717 
ShiUing  v.  Carson,  451 
Shimer  v.  Easton  R.  R.,  1129,  1142 
Shinn  v.  Wooderson,  302a 
Shinnabarger  v.  Shelton,  1027 
Ship  Nathaniel  Hooper,  841 
Shipley  v.  Baltimore  &  Potomac  R.  R., 
1148 

V.  Fifty  Associates,  33 

V.  Hammond,  285 
Shipman  v.  Bailey,  326 


are  to  sections] 

Shipman  v.  Fletcher,  20  D.  C.  245;  468 

V.  Fletcher,  95  Va.  685;  341 

V.  Miller,  311a 

V.  State,  302,  310,  314 
Shippen  v.  Curry,  556 
Shippen  &  Robbin's  Appeal,  1306 
Shirely  v.  Cedar  Rapids  I.  F.  &  N.  Ry., 
924,  932,  948 

V.  Jacobs,  1074 
Shires  v.  O'Connor,  657,  659 
Shirey  v.  Clark,  914 
Shirk  V.  Lingeman,  1012, 1016 

V.  Mullen,  546 
Shiverick  v.  R.  J.  Gunning  Co.,  932 
Shobe  V.  Carr,  3406 
Shock  V.  McChesney,  446 
Shockey  v.  McCauley,  449 
Shoe  V.  Maerky,  762 
Shoemaker  v.  Acker,  624 

V.  Crawford,  989 

V.  U.  S.,  1162 
ShoUenberger  v.  Brinton,  270 
Shook  V.  Laufer,  982 

V.  Peters,  386,  488 
Shores  v.  Brooks,  363a,  373,  3836 
Shores  Lumber  Co.  v.  Starke,  842 
Short  V.  Abemathy,  278,  279c 

V.  Coffeen,  704 

V.  Kalloway,  804 

V.  Mattesin,  762 

V.  Moore,  644 

V.  Philadelphia,  B.  &  W.  R.  R., 
574a 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1342 

V.  Skipwith,  38 
Short  Route  Transfer,  etc.,  R.  R.  v. 

Fulton,  1165a 
Shorthill  v.  Ferguson,  961,  981 
Shortly  v.  Miller,  447 
Shortridge  v.  Searritt  Estate.  Co.,  47, 

1358 
Shortsleeve  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R., 

1347 
Shose  V.  Neiswaanger,  741 
Shotwell  V.  Boehm,  911 

V.  Dodge,  101,  937,  941 

V.  Jefferson  Ins.  Co.,  725 

V.  Wendover,  54,  493a,  506 
Shoulty  V.  Miller,  452 
Shouse  V,  Neiswaanger,  734 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3023 


[References 

Shover  v.  Myrick,  90,  633a 

Showles  V.  Freeman,  678- 

Shows  V.  Pendry,  688, 688o 

Shrader  v.  Cleveland,  C,  C.  &  St.  L. 

Ry.,  1152a 
Shreffler  v.  Nadelhoffer,  681a,  688a 
Shreve  ».  Brereton,  413,  417,  735 
Shreveport  &  R.  R.  V.  Ry.  v.  Hinds, 

1162 
Shroyer  v.  Bash,  687 
Shryer  v.  Morgan,  1012a 
Shubert  v.  Sonheim,  416 
Shuler  v.  Garrison,  554 
ShuU  V.  Barton,  692i 
Shult  V.  Barker,  950 
Shultz  V.  Morrison,  685™,  984 
Shulz  V.  Morrison,  682a 
Shuman  v.  Smith,  988 
Shumway  v.  Colhns,  999c 

i;.   Walworth  &  N.   Manuf.   Co., 
1216 
Shunick  v.  Thompson,  68Sa 
Shupack  V.  Gordon,  359,  372 
Shute  V.  Taylor,  415 
Shuter  v.  Philadelphia,  1120 
Shutt  V.  Lockner,  988 
Sias  V.  Reed  City,  482 
Siber  v.  Larkin,  999c 
Sibley  v.  Hoar,  226J 
V.  Nason,  67,  482 
V.  Pine  County,  306 
V.  Prescott  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Sickels  V.  Borden,  1216,  1217,  1220 
V.  Fort,  1047 
V.  Herold,  3146 
Sickman  v.  Lapsley,  341 
Sickra  v.  Small,  448c,  451 
Siddell  V.  Vickers,  1230 
Sidener  v.  Essex,  1148,  1149 
Sidmonds  v.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R., 

1355 
Sieber  v.  Great  Northern  R.  R.,  1367 
Siedler  v.  Seely,  1136 
Sieferer  v.  St.  Louis,  910 
Sievers  u.  Brown,  1012a 
Sigafus  V.  Porter,  778,  1030 
Sigel-Campion  Live  Stock  Com.  Co.  v. 

Holly,  492a,  495 
Sigur  V.  Burguieres,  904 
Sikesw.Wild,  1002, 1011 


are  to  sections] 

Silberhorn  Co.  v.  Wheaton,  762 
Silberstein   v.    Dulufch    News-Tribune 
Co.,  614,  617 

V.  Houston,  W.  S.  &  P.  F.  R.  R., 
1357 

V.  Wm.  Wicke  Co.,  1372 
Silica  V.  Warden,  The,  593 
Sill  V.  Rood,  1060 
Silliman  v.  Gano,  1171,  I256h 
Sills  V.  Fort  Worth  &  D.  C.  Ry.,  580 
Silsbe  V.  Lucas,  680 
Silsby  V.  Foote,  1244 

V.  Michigan  Car  Co.,  181,  482a 
Silurian  Mineral  Spring  Co.  v.  Kuhn, 

170 
Silva  V.  Homen,  990a 
Silver  v.  Dom.  Tel.  Co.,  360,  377 

V.  Kent,  373a,  374 
Silver  Creek  N.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Mangum, 

927 
Silver  V.  M.  Co.  v.  Baltimore  G.  &  S. 

M.  &  S.  Co.,  303 
Simeon  v.  Lindsay,  226o 
Simmes  v.  Hampson,  308 

V.  Marine  I.  Co.,  841 
Simmonds  v.  Henchy,  549 
Simmons  v.  Bradford,  557 

V.  Brown,  182, 189, 942 

V.  Camp,  808o 

V.  Clark,  1030 

V.  Cutreer,  1060 

V.  Garrett,  334,  678 

V.  Haas,  1042 

V.  McConnell,  6716,  578 

V.  Ocean  Causeway,  6556 

V.  St.  Paul  &  Chicago  Ry.,  ,1148 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Simmons,  In  re,  113  N.  Y.  Supp.  890 

1151 
Simmons,  In  re,  114  N.  Y.  Supp.  575 

253 
Simmons,  In  re,  121  N.  Y.  Supp.  113 

253 
Simmons,  In  re,  125  N.  Y.  Supp.  697 

253 
Simmons,  In  re,  127  N.  Y.  Supp.  940 

11716 
Simmons,  In  re,  141  App.  Div.  120;  253 
Simmons,  Matter  of,  11716 
Simon  V.  Allen,  667 


3024 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Simon  v.  Lanius,  645 

V.  Levinson,  208 

V.  Seide,  107d 
Simonds  v.  Cross,  1046 
Simone  v.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  43t2,  43A, 

486c 
Simoneau  v.  Pac.  E.  Ry.,  577 
Simonin  v.  New  York,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R., 

860 
Simons  v.  Brown,  184 

V.  Bushy,  47,  477 

V.  Clark,  1030 

V.  Patchett,  836 

V.  Walter,  S06 

V.  Ypsilanti  Paper  Co.,  636o,  753 
Simons,  In  re,  253 
Simpkins  v.  Low,  257 
Simplex  R.  A.  Co.  v.  Western  R.  &  B. 

Co.,  927 
Simpson  v.  Alexander,  493a 

tt.  Ball,  612,  667 

».  Belvin,  959 

V.  Black,  640a 

V.  Davis,  1235,  1241 

V.  Feltz,  311a 

V.  Grayson,  473,  476 

V.  Griffin,  705,  803 

V.  Kansas  City,  235o 

V.  Keokuk,  221,  225 

V.  London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  164,  182, 
856a 

V.  M'Caffrey,  929a 

».  McDonald,  655e,  656 

V.  Markwood,  363a,  387 

V.  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R.,  873 

V.  Pitman,  1326 

V.  Robinson,  104  La.  180;  1370 

V.  Robinson,  12  Q.  B.  511;  447 

V.  Seavey,  946 
Simpson  Brick-Press  Co.  v.  Marshall, 

153 
Simpson  Bros.  Corp.  v.  John  R.  White 

&  Son,  419 
Sims  V.  Glazener,  2266,  436 

V.  Goudelock,  304 

V.  Harris,  676 

V.  Willing,  304 
Sinclair  v.  Bowles,  659 

V.  Stanley,  363a,  364,  935a 

V.  Tallmadge,  656,  657 


Sinclair  v.  Tarbox,  435 

Sines  v.  Superintendents  of  the  Poor, 

664 
Sing  V.  Malcolm,  828 
Singapore  and  Hebe,  The,  587 
Singer  v.  Famsworth,  735c 

V.  Pearson-Page  Co.,  493,  493o, 
1296 
Singer  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Cramer,  1220 

V.  Holdfodt,  380,  1325 

V.  Potts,  1039 

V.  Reeves  L.  Co.,  614 

V.  Rejrnolds,  681a 
Singer  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Phipps,  484,  1363 
Singer  S.  N.  Co.  v.  Phipps,  482 
Single  V.  Schneider,  24  Wis.  299;  934 

I).  Schneider,  30  Wis.  570;  375,  534 
Singleton  v.  Allen,  956,  977 

V.  Kennedy,  367,  777 

V.  Lewis,  345 

V.  Singleton,  311c 

V.  Southwestern  R.  R.,  1342 

I).  Wilson,  606a,  613,  614 
Sinker  v.  Diggins,  620,  760,  1044 

i;.  Kidder,  189,  765 
Sinnickson  v.  Johnson,  1107 
Sinsheimer  v.  Tobias,  789 
Sinskie  v.  Brust,  540 
Sinton  v.  Greer,  325 
Sioux  City  •&  P.  R.  R.  v.  Weimer,  1123 
Sioux  C.  R.  R.  ».  Brown,  331a 
Sipple  V.  Laclede  Gaslight  Co.,  1367 
Sire  t).  Ellithope  A.  B.  Co.,  336 
Sissing  V.  Beach,  1256 
Sisson  V.  Cleveland  &  T.  Railroad,  854 
Sithin  V.  Shelby  County  Com'rs,  337 
Sitton  t).  MacDonald,  134a 
Sivley  v.  Sivley,  1338 
Sixth  Ave.  R.  R.  v.  Manhattan  R.  R., 
1190 

V.  Metropolitan  Elevated  Railroad, 
138  N. Y.  548;  1190 

V.  Metropolitan  El.  Ry.,  56  Hun, 
182;  1208 
Skaaraas  v.  Finnegan,  836,  1012 
Skaggs  V.  Emerson,  999c 
Skagit  R.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Cole,  164 
Skeen  v.  Springfield  E.  &  T.  Co.,  256 
Skinker  v.  Butler  County,  340& 

V.  Clute,  3146 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3025 


[References 

Skinn  v.  Reutter,  125 
Skinner  v.  Allison,  109 

V.  Franklin  Co.,  346 

V.  London  M.  A.  Corp.,  107a 

V.  Phillips,  692 

V.  Pinney,  317,  493,  502,  934 

V.  Powers,  451 

V.  Tinker,  193 
Skipper  v.  Clifton  Manuf.  Co.,  380 
Skipurth  v.  Clinch,  307 
Skirving  v.  Stobo,  307 
Skogland  v.  Minneapolis  S.  R.  R.,  85c 
Skottowe  V.  Oregon  Short  Line  Ry., 

574o 
Skrainka  v.  Oertel,  685ji 
Slack  V.  Stephens,  685A 
Slade's  Case,  1034 
Slagle  V.  Entrekin,  681a,  692j 
Slanter  v.  Favorite,  8186 
Slater  v.  Emerson,  657 

V.  Kimbro,  468 

V.  Mersereau,  36a 

».  Rink,  1345 

V.  Sherman,  372,  386 
Slattery  v.  St.  Louis,  1140,  1149,  1165a 
Slaughter  v.  Denmead,  151 

V.  M'Rae,  762 

V.  Marlow,  755 
Slauter  v.  Favorite,  814 
Slavin  v.  State,  932 
Slayback  v.  Jones,  1055 
Sledge  V.  Reid,  191,  VZXd 

V.  Swift,  1031 
Sleeman  v.  Waterous,  407,  415 
Sleppy  V.  Bank  of  Commerce,  538 
Slette  V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1348 
Sleuter  v.  Wallbaimi,  734 
Slezak  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  1354 
Slifer  V.  State,  565 
Sligo  Furnace  Co.  v.  Holart-Lee  Tie 

Co.,  934 
Slingerland  v.  Bennett,  442 

V.  International  C.  Co.,  99 

V.  Swart,  303,  311a 
Slipperly  v.  Stewart,  313 
Sloan  V.  Alleghany  Co.,  762 

V.  Baird,  312,  313,  1007 

V.  Cobum,  531a 

V.  Dale,  &7Zd 

V.  Edwards,  1216,  385 

190 


are  to  sections] 

Sloan  V.  Gibbes,  801,  8075 

V.  Hart,  84,  984 

V.  Petric,  447 
Sloane  v.  Langert,  683 

V.  McCauley,  1369 

V.  Southern  Cal.  R.  R,,  436,  43;j, 
47,  1216,  1342 
Slocum  V.  Riley,  554a 
Sloggy  V.  Crescent  Creamery  Co.,  164a, 

765 
Sloman  v.  Walter,  395 
Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  &  Iron  Co. «.  Drane, 
5716 

V.  Holloway,  583 

V.  Mitchell,  2146 

V.  O'Neal,  366 

V.  Stewart,  485a 
Slosson  V.  Beadle,  417,  423 
Slusser  v.  Burlington,  655 
Small  V.  Douthitt,  330 
SmaU  V.  Pool,  777 

V.  Reeves,  973 
Smalley  v.  Appleton,  1363 

V.  Railroad,  1148 

V.  Smalley,  373 
Smalling  v.  Jackson,  170a,  200,  373a 
Smart  v.  Allegart,  999d 

V.  Kansas  City,  120a,  1216 

V.  O'Callaghan,  336 
Smedes  v.  Bank,  819 

V.  HooghtaHng,  678 
Smedley  v.  Hestonville  M.  &  F.  P.  Ry., 

860 
Smeed  v.  Foord,  159,  164,  226d,  740 
Smethurst  v.  Woolston,  514,  747 
Smiles  v.  Hastings,  932 
Smiley  v.  Barker,  723a 
Smith  V.  Ackerman,  973 

V.  Alexander,  303 

V.  Alexandria,  1112 

V.  Am.  Exp.  Co.,  851 

V.  Ankrim,  999c 

V.  Atlas  P.  C.  Co.,  614 

V.  Baechler,  504,  934 

V.  Bagwell,  360,  372,  386 

V.  Baker,  20  Fed.  79;  127a 

V.  Baker,  22  Blatch.  240;  214a 

V.  Bangham,  1106 

V.  Bates,  493 

V.  Benson,  905 


3026 


TABLE 
(References 


Smith  V.  Bergengren,  423 

V.  Berry,  734,  737 

V.  Blair,  302a 

V.  BoUes,  778,  1029 

V.  Booth,  594,  698 

V.  Brady,  659 

V.  Braun,  639 

V.  Brown,  418 

V.  Buffalo,  339 

11.  Butler,  310 

V.  Carney,  979 

V.  Cashie  &  C.  R.  &  L.  Co.,  665 

V.  Charter  Oak  L.  I.  Co.,  730 

V.  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.,  108  Mo. 
243; 171a 

V.  Chicago  &  A.  Ry.,  127  Mo.  App. 
160;  226d 

V.  Chicago  C.  &  D.  R.  R.,  221o, 
228,  937 

V.  Chicago,  P.  &  S.  L.  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Colonial  Mut.  F.  Ins.  Co.,  723 

ti.  Commonwealth,  1171 

u.  Compton,  3  B.  &  A.  407;  805, 

979,  982 
V.  Compton,  67  N.  J.  L.  548;  638 
V.  Condry,  175,  593,  596 
V.  Conrad,  306 
V.  CoUidge,  750 
V.  Coopeia,  339a 
V.  Corege,  376 
V.  Cozart,  762 
V.  Crosby,  607 
V.  Crouse,  688 
V.  Curran,  647c 
V.  Davis,  150  Ala.  106;  642 
t.  Davis,  44  Kan.  362;  970 
».  Day,  685 

V.  Des  Moines,  1347,  1348 
V.  Dickenson,  402 
V.  Dillingham,  535 
V.  Duffy,  778 
V.  Duke,  533 

V.  Dunlap,  276,  519,  734,  746 
V.  Dye,  361 
V.  Eau  Claire,  1112 
.V.  Erwin,  688 
V.  Eubanks,  182,  988a 
V.  Fahey,  372 
V.  Felt,  1334 
E).  First  Cong.  IMeeting  House,  657 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Smith  V.  Flanders,  156,  194,  341,  642 

V.  Flannery,  1345 

V.  Fletcher,  L.  R.  7  Ex.  305;  33 

V.  Fletcher,  2  App.  Cas.  781;  33 

V.  Floyd  County,  1123,  1137 

V.  Foster,  661 

V.  Fox,  866 

V.  Frio  County,  1295 

V.  Frost,  223 

«.  Gale,  924 

V.  Geraty,  556 

V.  German  Bank,  341 

V.  Goff,  80a 

V.  Gonder,  502,  933,  934 

V.  Goodman,  182,  376,  470 

V.  Grant,  44a 

V.  Green,  122  S.  W.  919;  645 

V.  Green,  1  C.  P.  D.  92;  111,  125, 
765,  769 

V.  Griffith,  228c,  249,  847 

V.  Gugerty,  657,  1291 

V.  Hall,  637,  638 

V.  Hartog,  53 

V.  Hatcher,  576,  580a 

V.  Healey,  60 

V.  Heibel,  1348 

V.  Hicks,  93  Pac.  138;  633e 

V.  Hicks,  14  N.  M.  560;  937 

V.  Hill,  1291 

V.  Holcomb,  47,  358,  359 

V.  Honey,  1285 

V.  Houston,  531 

V.  Howell,  803,  1000 

V.  Hubbell,  444 

V.  Hudson,  973 

«.  Huesman,  681a 

V.  Hughes,  966,  973,  978 

V.  Huizar,  107a 

V.  Hyndman,  839 

V.  Independent  Line  of  Telegraph, 

886 
V.  Jansen,  686 
V.  Jefts,  106,  973 
V.  Johnson,  23  Cal.  63;  304 
V.  Johnson,  45  Iowa,  308;  &73d 
V.  Johnson,  76  Pa.  191;  214c 
V.  Johnson,  2  Q.  B.  61;  43^ 
V.  Jones,  11  Tex.  Civ.  App.  18;  990a 
V.  Jones,  15  Johns.  229;  85 
V.  Kansas  City,  1140,  1164,  1172a 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3027 


Smith 


[References 

V.  Keith  &  P.  Coal  Co.,  734 

Kirkpatrick,  1027,  1028 

Knight,  310a 

Lander,  1023 

Lehigh  V.  R.  R.,  177  N.  Y.  379; 

573a,  580a 

Lehigh  V.  R.  R.,  61  App.  Div. 

46;  1367 

Leo,  45,  8736 

Lichtenstein,  1309 

Loag,  1076,  753 

Lockwood,  946 

London  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  584 

London  &  S.  W.  Ry.,  1216,  139 

Long  Island  R.  R.,  671 

Los  Angeles  &  P.  Ry.,  186,  620 

Lovelace,  446 

Lloyd,  968 

Luse,  345 

McGuire,  211,  858 

McKinney,  270 

McLean,  999c 

Macomber,  1332,  1336 

Macon,  687 

Manufacturers'  Ins.  Co.,  719 

Mason,  8076 

Masten,  1325 

Matthews,  152  N.  Y.  157;  377 

Matthews,  6  Misc.  162;  368 

Mayer,  762 

Meyers,  1340 

Middleton,  368 

Miller,  565a 

Mine  &  S.  S.  Co.,  251 

Morgan,  68  Wis.  358;  934a 

Morgan,  73  Wis.  375;  333,  934a 

Mosby,  689 

Nassau  Electric  R.  R.,  1353 

New  Decatur,  932 

New  Haven  &  N.  R.  R.,  854 

New  Jersey  &  H.  R.  R.  &  F.  Co., 

1309 

Newell,  413 

O'DonneU,  126c,  614,  6476 

Osbom,  726d,  1041 

Overby,  47 

Owsley,  439^ 

Packard,  1027 

Parker,  1076,  153a 

Peat,  210,  999^ 


are  to  sections] 

Smith  V.  Perry,  556 
V.  Pettel,  755 

V.  Phila.,  W.  &  B.  R.  R.,  387 
V.  Philips,  82,  531a 
V.  Phillips,  984,  987 
«.  Pike,  336 
V.  Pittsburg,  F.  W.  &  C.  Ry.,  47, 

865 
V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  4Sh 
V.  Price,  623,  817 
V.  Pullman  Co.,  873a 
V.  Putnam,  310a 
V.  Putney,  565 

V.  R.  R.,  35  Ind.  App.  188;  579 
V.  R.  R.,  63  N.  Y.  58;  1164 
V.  Railway,  88  Tenn.  611;  1154c 
V.  Raleigh,  999c 
V.  Richardson,  844 
V.  Riddell,  789 
V.  Roby,  538 
V.  Rogers,  789 
V.  Royse,  901 

V.  St.  Joseph,  55  Mo.  456;  486a 
V.  St.  Joseph,  122  Mo.  643;  1140 
V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  864a 
V.  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  Ry.,  43^ 
».  St.    Paul,    M.    &    N.    R.    R., 

1165a 
ji.  San  Antonio,  927,  1130,  1166i 
V.  Sanborn  State  Bank,  45 
V.  Savin,  512a 
V.  Shaffer,  308 
V.  Shaw,  275 
V.  Shepard,  999c 
V.  Sherman,  1266 
V.  Sherry,  934a 
V.  Sherwood,  30,  363a,  364,  365, 

367,  368,  436 
V.  Shumway,  451 
V.  Singles,  377 
V.  Sloss  M.  L.  Co.,  734 
V.  Smith,  4  Wend.  468;  400,  418 
W.Smith,  39  Pa.  441;  452 
V.  Smith,  45  Vt.  433;  647 
B.Snyder,  77  Va.  732;  734,  737, 

753 
V.  Snyder,  82  Va.  614;  734 
V.  Spokane,  1354 
ti.  Sprague,  238,  980a,  982 
V.  State,  692 


3028  TABLE 

[References 

Smith  V.  Steinkamper,  762 

V.  Stevens,  33  Colo.  427;  537 

V.  Stevens,  14  Colo.  App.  491;  537, 
538 

V.  Stewart,  1012o 

V.  Stewart,  The,  599c 

V.  Strong,  964,  966 

V.  Symonds,  1325 

V.  Teer,  795 

V.  Thackerah,  104 

V.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  1347 

V.  Thompson,  55  Md.  5;  364,  366, 
387 

V.  Thompson,  8  C.  B.  44;  665 

t).  Tilden,  999 

V.  Times  Co.,  1335 

V.  Todd,  334 

V.  Tooke,  550 

V.  Turner,  3146 

V.  United  States,  642 

V.  Vanderhorst,  678 

V.  Velie,  313 

f .  Wainright,  408,  410,  411,  418, 
676 

V.  Washington,  1108,  1112 

V.  Way,  626 

V.  Wayne  Coxmty,  112 

V.  Weed  S.  M.  Co.,  607 

V.  Werkheiser,  777 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  80  Neb.  395; 
891 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  150  Pa.  561; 
171d,  856a 

V.  Wheeler,  751 

V.  Whitaker,  331 

V.  White,  912 

V.  Whittier,  1354 

V.  Whiting,  98,  689 

V.  Whitman,  854 

t).  Wise,  999c 

u.  Woodfine,  639fl 

V.  Wunderlich,  182,  365,  «31,  984 

V.  Zent,  432a 
Smith  American  Organ  Co.  v.  Abbott, 

999i 
Smith  Bros.  &  Co.  v.  New  Orleans  & 

N.  E.  R.  R.,  852 
Smith  County  v.  Lahore,  1154 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  844 
Smitha  v.  Gentry^,  200 


OF  CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Smithwick  v.  Ward,  386 

Smitson  v.  Southern  Pacific  Co.,  484 

Smittey  v.  Pinch,  1335 

Smock  V.  Smock,  624,  737 

Smoots  V.  Foster,  767 

Smoot's  Case,  758 

Smyrna,  L.  &  P.  S.  B.  Co.  v.  Whillden, 

196 
Smyth  V.  Lichtenstein,  1309 
Smythe  v.  U.  S.,  302 
Snarr  v.  Granite  Curling  &  Skating  Co., 

93o,  925 
Snedecor  v.  Pope,  71,  1266,  363(i,  364, 

366,  929,  988a 
Sneed  v.  Hanly,  31  le 

V.  Marysville  Gas  &  Electric  Co., 
574 
Sneesby  v.  Lancashire  &  Y.  Ry.,  124 
Snell  V.  Cottingham,  159,  187,  648a 

V.  Delaware  Ins.  Co.,  712 

V.  Iowa  H.  Co.,  979 

V.  Remington  Paper  Co.,  614 
Sneller  v.  Hall,  984,  984a 
Snelling's  Adm'r  v.  Atchison,  326 
Sneve  v.  Lunder,  387 
Snickles  v.  St.  Joseph,  1270 
Snider  v.  Snider,  956 
Snively  v.  Fahnestock,  373a 
Snoddy  v.  Foster,  692i 
Snodgrass  v.  Chicago,  1171 

V.  Reynolds,  185,  984,  987 

V.  Snodgrass,  692j 
Snouffer  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  1162 
Snow  V.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  1295 

V.  Carpenter,  387 

V.  Camith,  1068 

V.  Eastern  R.  R.,  1288 

V.  Grace,  1258 

V.  Nowlin,  316 

V.  Puhtzer,  134,  189,  988o 

V.  Schomacker  Mfg.  Co.,  764,  770 

V.  Ware,  650 
Snowden  v.  Kittanning  Ins.  Co.,  722 

V.  Waterman,  105  Ga.  384;  769 

V.  Waterman,  110  Ga.  99;  319 
Snyder  v.  Boviard,  337 

V.  Frankfield,  691a 

V.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Lane,  979 

V.  Nowlin,  1027 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


[References 

Snyder  v.  Walker,  673/ 

V.  Western  Union  R.  R.,  1148 
So  Relle  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45o,  894 
Sobel  V.  N.  Y.  EI.  R.  R.,  1194 
Sobieski  v.  St.  Paul  &  D.  R.  R.,  1357 
Social  Register  Assoc,  v.  Murphy,  1246 
Soci6t6  Anonyme  v.  Western  Distilling 

Co.,  1246c 
Soci6t6  des  Voiliers  v.  Oregon  R.  &  N. 

Co.,  693 
Society  for  Prop,  of  Gospel  v.  Wheeler, 

962 
Soderman  v.  Troy  Steel  &  Iron  Co., 

1354 
Sober  ».  Supervisors,  337 
Sohier  v.  WUUams,  3016 
Solen  V.  Virginia  &  T.  R.  R.,  13  Nev. 
106;  1326 
V.  Virginia  &  T.  R.  R.,  14  Nev.  405; 
334 
Sollee  V.  Meugy,  304 
Solms  V.  Lias,  1261 
Solomon  v.  Chesley,  237 

V.  New  York  City  Ry.,  437 
Somenfield  Millinery   Co.   v.   People's 

R.   R.,  316 
Somerby  v.  Tappan,  644 
Somers  v.  Musolf,  989 

V.  Wright,  613 
Somerville  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  Doughty,  253, 

1149 
Sommer  v.  Adler,  534 
Sondegard  v.  Martin,  361 
Sondes,  Lord,  v.  Fletcher,  603 
Sonka  v.  Chatham,  636c 
Sonneberg  v.  Levy,  251 
Sonneborn  v.  Stewart,  182,  468 
Sontag  V.  O'Hare,  992 
Soper  V.  New  York,  941 
Sopp  V.  Winpenny,  911, 919 
Sopris  V.  lilley,  78 

V.  Webster,  531 
Sorenson  v.  Oregon  Power  Co.,  1356 
Sorgenfrei  v.  Schroeder,  47 
Sossitti  V.  Valente,  189 
Soulard  v.  St.  Louis,  924a 
Soule  V.  Soule,  308a 
V.  Union  Bank,  623 
V.  White,  76 
South  V.  Leary,  312 


3029 

are  to  sections] 

South  &  N.  A.  R.  R.  V.  McLendon,  41, 
47,  180,  226,  481,  485 
V.  Wood,  246,  844,  1297 
South  African  Territories  v.  Wallington, 

622 
South  Bend  v.  Paxon,  942,  947,  948 
South  Bound  Brick  Co.  v.  GoUer,  46a 
South  C.  &  C.  S.  Ry.  t.  Gest,  762 
South  Carolina  v.   Port  Royal,   etc., 

R.  R.,  310 
South  Carolina  Society  v.  Johnson,  6926 
South  Covington  &  C.  S.  Ry.  v.  Quinn, 
1342 
!;.  Raymer,  1257,  1258 
V.  Weber,  1357 
South  Memphis  L.  Co.  v.  McLean  H. 

L.  Co.,  630 
South  Park  Comrs.  v.  Dunlevy,  253, 

331a,  1151 
South  Penn  Oil  Co.  v.  Stone,  685a 
South  Omaha  v.  Fennell,  1348 
South  Side  Realty  Co.  v.  St.  Louis  & 

S.  F.  R.  R.,  942 
South  Texas  Tel.  Co.  v.  Huntington, 

621 
Southall  V.  Parish,  801 
Southard  v.  Rexford,  45,  637,  640a 
Southcombe  v.  Armstrong,  364 
Southern  Bell  Tel.  Co.  v.  Cassin,  571c 
Southern  Building  &  Loan  Assoc,  v. 

Price,  655/ 
Southern  C.  &  F.  Co.  v.  Adams,  385 
Southern  C.  P.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Bra,dley, 

368 
Southern  C.  R.  R.  v.  Moravia,  325, 339 
Southern  Car  &  F.  Co.  v.  State,  332 
Southern  Cotton  Oil  Co.  v.  Heflin,  636c, 
752 
V.  Henshaw,  909a 
Southern  Cotton  Press  Co.  v.  Galveston 

Wharf  Co.,  1143 
Southern  Exp.  Co.  v.  Briggs,  854 
V.  Brown,  378,  1263 
V.  Crook,  851 
V.  Fox,  852 
ti.  Hanaw,  854 
V.  Owens,  251,  851 
V.  Wood,  844 
Southern  F.  &  G.  Co.  v.  McGeehan, 
734 


3030 


TfABLE  ot  Cases 

[References  are  to  sections] 


Southern  H.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Standard  E. 

Co.,  226a 
Southern  I.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Holmes  Lumber 

Co.,  220,  226 
Southern  I.  R.  R.  v.  Moore,  575,  580o 
Southern  Ins.  Co.  v.  White,  302 
Southern  K.  Ry.  v.  Burgess,  852 

V.  Clark,  873 

V.  Isaacs,  226b 

V.  McSwain,  44,  47 

V.  O'Loughlin  L.  &  C.  Co.,  843a 

r.  Rice,  42,  47,  368, '380 
Southern  Marble  Co.  v.  Darnell,  941 
Southern  Oil  Works  v.  Bickford,  1302 
Southern  Pac.  Co.  v.  American  Well 
Works,  607 

V.  Ammons,  43/ 

V.  Amett,  317 

V.  Blake,  1365 

V.  Craner,  1342 

V.  Fitchett,  1331 

V.  Hall,  485a 

V.  Hart,  1326 

V.  Hetzer,  47 

V.  Lafferty,  574a,  575 

V.  Maddox,  851 

V.  Tomlinson,  1330 

V.  Wilson,  1367 
Southern  P.  R.  R.  v.  San  PYancisco  Sav- 
ings Union,  1166c 
Southern  Ry.  v.  Barlow,  222,  865 

V.  Barr,  368 

V.  Brewer,  105  S.  W.  160;  1363 

V.  Brewer,  117  S.  W.  958;  1353 

V.  Bryant,  1342 

V.  Bunt,  377a 

V.  Burgess,  1349 

V.  Cash,  1347 

V.  Coleman,  856 

V.  Covenia,  573,  575 

V.  Crowder,  67, 226/,  486 

V.  Cunningham,  1306 

V.  Davis,  368 

V.  Dunlop  Mills,  339 

V.  Ethridge,  70 

V.  Evans,  574o 

D.  Goddard,  97  S.  W.  392;  1349, 
1364 

V.  Goddard,  108  S.  W.  890;  1354 

V.  Gossett,  1256i 


Southern  Ry.  v.  Graddy,  852 

t).  Greenville,  303 

V.  Hutcheson,  486 

V.  Isom,  1356 

V.  Johnson,  70  S.  E.  69;  96 

V.  Johnson,  101  S.  W.  929;  1347 

V.  Jones  Cotton  Co.,  844 

V.  Kendrick,  387 

V.  Lanning,  380 

V.  Lee,  101  S.  W.  307;  368 

V.  Lee,  119  S.  W.  170;  1347 

V.  Lewis,  856a 

V.  McEntire,  373 

V.  McGowan,  481 

V.Miller,  110  S.  W.  351;  212 

V.  Miller,  120  S.  W.  278;  1342 

V.  Moody,  152 

V.  Myers,  159,  161,  863 

«.  NowUn,  1342 

ii.  O'Bryan,  363 

V.  Petway,  171o 

V.  Poetker,  1172a 

V.  Proctor,  368 

V.  Scanlon,  1367 

V.  Simmons,  490 

V.  Smith,  203 

V.  Steams,  226o,  226d 

V.  T.  A.  Hatter  &  Son,  844 

V.  Thurman,  363,  365 

11.  Turner,  1347 

V.  WalUs,  1342 

V.  Webb,  851,  853 
Southern  W.  L.  Co.  v.  Haas,  311a 
Southern  W.  M.  C.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Daven- 
port, 975 
Southgate  v.  Atlantic  &  P.  R.  R.,  314 
Southside  R.  R.  v.  Daniel,  85c,  1110 
Southwestern  C.  S.  O.  Co.  v.  StribUng, 

633b 
Southwestern  Ins.  Co.  v.  Woods  Nat. 

Bank,  301 
Southwestern  M.  Ry.  v.  Harvers,  1165 
Southwestern  P.  C.  Co.  v.  Reitzen,  464 
Southwestern  R.  R.  v.  Paulk,  43A 

V.  Rowan,  734 

V.  Singleton,  1348 
Southwestern  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Abeles, 
1359 

V.  Flood,  987a 

V.  Luckett,  370 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3031 


[References 

Southwestern  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Smith- 
deal,  1149,  11520,  1166e 

V.  Solomon,  897a 

V.  Wilcoxson,  897a 
Sowell  V.  Champion,  564 
Sowers  v.  Sowers,  364,  377,  386,  451 
Soyer  v.  Great  Falls  Water  Co.,  574a 
Spade  V.  Lynn  &  B.  R.  R.,  168  Mass. 
285;  436,  43d,  43/ 

V.  Lynn  &  B.  R.  R.,  172  Mass.  488; 
43d,  43i,  140 
Spader  v.  Frost,  686 
Spafford  v.  Goodell,  107d 

V.  MoNally,  614 
Spahn  V.  Willman,  667 
Spain  V.  Amot,  674 

V.  Clements,  545 
Spalding  v.  Mason,  1256fc 

V.  Vandercrook,  1060,  1067 
Spanish  &  P.  S.  S.  S.  Co.  v.  Bell,  506a 
Sparhawk  v.  Walpole,  1154a 
Spark  V.  Heslop,  795 
Sparkman  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  879 
Sparks  v.  Bassett,  209,  991 

V.  Garrigues,  345 

V.  McCrary,  127a 

V.  Purdy,  492a 

».  ReUable  D.  M.  C.  Co.,  834d 
Sparks  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Newton,  1164 
Sparr  v.  WeUman,  316 
Sparrow  v.  Paris,  418 
Spaulding  v.  Arlington,  1109 

V.  Chicago,  St.  P.  &  K.  C.  R.  R., 
573a,  584 

V.  Lord,  330 

V.  Page,  1217,  1219,  1220 
Speakman  v.  Price,  752 
Spear  v.  Hiles,  360,  372,  385,  457 

V.  mil,  684 

V.  Hubbard,  358 

V.  Smith,  400,  410 

V.  Stacy,  679& 

V.  Sweeney,  1345 
Specialty  Furniture  Co.  v.  Kingsbury, 

738 
Speck  V.  Gray,  1338 
Speading  v.  Nevell,  835,  838 
Speed  V.  HolUngsworth,  1027,  1028 
Speer  v.  Phoenix  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  730 

V.  Vanorden,  312 


are  to  sections] 

Speirs  v.  Union  Drop  Forge  Co.,  90, 199 
Speiser  v.  Bank,  311c 
Spellings  v.  Parks,  639 
Spellman  v.  Bannigan,  992 
Spence   v.    Board   Of  Commissioners, 
655 

V.  Duffield,  762 

V.  Hector,  803,  805 

V.  R.  R.,  1149 
Spencer  v.  Cramblett,  1337 

tj.  Halstead,  205 

V.  Hamilton,  993 
Spencer  v.  Kilmer,  941 

V.  McMasters,  447,  1326 

V.  Maxfield,  326 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1140 

V.  Murphy,  226i,  235o 

V.  Perry,  677 

V.  Pierce,  301 

V.  Prindle,  27o 

V.  St.  Paul  &  S.  C.  Ry.,  21  Minn. 
362;  1265 

V.  St.  Paul  &  S.  C.  R.  R.,  22  Minn. 
29;  929 

V.  San  Francisco  Brick  Co.,  368 

i^.  Simmons,  638,  638a,  640o 

V.  Tilden,  400 

V.  Vance,  493 

V.  Woodbridge,  308a 
Spencer  Savings  Bank  v.  Cooley,  793a 
Sperb  V.  Metropolitan  Elevated  Rail- 
road, 1190 
Sperier  v.  Ott,  iSg 
Sperry  v.  Siedel,  366 
Sperry  &  Hutchinson  Co.  v.  O'Neill, 

Adams  Co.,  616 
Spicer  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  860 

V.  Hoop,  418 

».  Waters,  496 
Spiero  v.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

212 
Spiers  v.  Halsted,  735c 
Spigelmoyer  v.  Walter,  940,  1265 
Spiking  V.  ConsoUdated  Ry.  &  P.  Co., 

574 
Spilman  v.  Roanoke  Nav.  Co.,  93 
Spink  V.  Mueller,  618,  646a 

V.  New  York,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R., 
733 
Spinney  v.  Hill,  6736 


3032 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Spires  V.  Middlesex  &  M.  E.  L.  H.  &  P. 

Co.,  1353 
Spiro  V.  Felton,  580 
Spivey  v.  McGehee,  683 
Spofford  V.  Rhode  Island  Suburban  Ry., 
1347 

V.  Rowan,  1031 
Spohn  V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1258 
Spokane  &  Idaho  Lumber  Co.  v.  Ley, 

678 
Spokane  &  P.  Ry.  v.  Lieuallan,  1151 
Spokane  Falls  &  N.  R.  R.  ».  Ziegler, 

1154a 
Spokane  Traction  Co.  v.  Granath,  1123, 

1130,  1143a 
Spoka^ne  Truck  &  D.  Co.  v.  Hoefer,  358 
Spolin  V.  Mo.  Pac.  Ry.,  43/ 
Spooner  v.  Cady,  564 

V.  Daniels,  364 

w.  Keeler,  448c 

».  Warner,  334 
Spoor  V.  Holland,  78 
Spotten  V.  De  Freest,  777 
Sprague  v.  Atlee,  1357 

V.  Baker,  956 

V.  Barrels  of  Flour,  599c 

V.  Brown,  58,  494 

t).  Craig,  638,  6416 

t).  Lea,  671 

V.  McKinzie,  58,  226c 

V.  Morgan,  612 

V.  Seymour,  686 

V.  Sprague,  304 

V.  Wells,  679o 

V.  West,  857 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876,  880,  895 

V.  Worcester,  1110 
Sprague  N.  B.  v.  Erie  R.  R.,  932 
Spray  v.  Ammerman,  1044 
Spreokels  v.  Gorrill,  777 
Sprenger  v.  Tacoma  Traction  Co.,  865 
Spring  V.  Chase,  979,  987 

V.  Haskell,  844 

V.  Ohiey,  236 

V.  South  Carolina  Ins.  Co.,  341 
Spring  City  Gas  Light  Co.  v.  Pennsyl- 
vania, etc.,  R.  R.,  1161 
Spring  Valley  W.  W.  v.  Drinkhouse, 

1171e 
Springdale  C.  A.  v.  Smith,  613 


Springer  v.  Berry,  1023 

V.  Chicago,  1138 

V.  Riley,  989 
Sprmgfield  v.  Dalby,  11656 
Springfield  &  M.  Ry.  v.  Henry,  1164 

V.  Rhea,  1110,  1134,  1155,  1149, 
1164 
Springfield  &  S.  Ry.  v.  Calkins,  1294, 

1295 
Springfield,  City  of  v.  Schmook,  1140 
Springfield  Consol.  Ry.  v.  Johnson,  1350 

V.  Wright,  1347 
Springfield  E.  L.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Calvert, 

1367 
Springfield  Milling  Co.  v.  Barnard  & 

Leas  Manuf.  Co.,  657 
Springfield  Nat.  Bank  v.  Coleman,  302a 
Springstein  v.  Field,  451 
Springwell  u.  Detroit  P.  &  N.  R.  R., 

416o 
Sproul  V.  Huston,  1076 
Sproule  V.  Ford,  519 
Sprout  V.  Newton,  762 
Spruill  V.  Davenport,  1016 
Spry  V.  Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.,  872 
Spunner  v.  Roney,  1326 
Spurck  ».  Dean,  664 
Spurrier  v.  Elderton,  805 
Squier  v.  Gould,  1265 
Squire  v.  HoUenbeok,  60, 79 

V.  Somerville,  1151 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  113,  882 

V.  Wright,  667 
Squires  v.  Elmwood,  417 
Staab  V.  Borax  Soap  Co.,  734 
Staal  V.  Grand  St.  &  N.  R.  R.,  172,  172o 
Staats  V.  Herbert,  684a 

t).  Ten  Eyck,  316,  957,  981,  983 
Stacy  V.  Graham,  305 

V.  Kemp,  1040 

V.  Portland  Pub.  Co.,  361 
Staderman  v.  Heins,  664 
Stadler  v.  Grieben,  91 

V.  Milwaukee,  1169 
Staed  V.  Rossier,  961,  981 
Stafford  v.  Lang,  259 

V.  Oskaloosa,  42,  47,  180,  481,  485 

V.  Providence,  1151,  1162 

V.  Rubens,  584o 

u.  Shortreed,  418,  426 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


3033 


Stafford  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  897 
Stabler  v.  Philadelphia  &  R.  Ry.,  67, 

583 
Stahnka  v.  Kreitle,  1250 
Stahr  V.  Hickman  Grain  Co.,  737 
Stainback  v.  Rae,  587 
Staker  v.  Begole,  310 
Stallings  v.  Corbett,  364 

V.  Whittaker,  364 
Stambaugh  v.  Smith,  968,  973,  979 
Stamps  V.  Tennessee  Producers'  Marble 

Co.,  314b 
Stanard  v.  Eldridge,  967,  973 
Stanberry  v.  Dickerson,  834o 
Stanbrough  v.  Barnes,  903 
Standard  Amusement  &  Mfg.  Co.  v. 

Champion,  182 
Standard  B.  F.  Co.  v.  Breed,  635 
Standard  D.  &  D.  Co.  v.  ffiU,  1257 
Standard  Oil  Co.  v.  Denton,  90 

V.  Tiemey,  1355 
Standard  Supply  Co.  v.  Carter,  165, 

189,  630,  735c 
Standard  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Royal  Ina.  Co., 

722 
Standen  v.  R.  R.,  486o 
Standlee  v.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.,  580a 
Standley  v.  Railway,  937 
Staneley's  Case,  349 
Stanfield  v.  Phillips,  1271 
Stanfield's  Estate,  In  re,  301c 
Stanford  v.  A.  F.  Messick  Grocery  Co., 
363 

V.  Coram,  324a 

V.  McGill,  636d 
Stanley  v.  Carey,  665 

V.  Citizens'  Coal  &  Coke  Co.,  497/ 

V.  Donoho,  537 

V.  Montgomery,  415 

V.  Schumpert,  96 

V.  Turner,  999o 
Stanley  Dollar,  The,  862 
StanseU  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Stanton  v.  Embrey,  1303 

V.  Henderson,  1272 

V.  Miller,  633o 

V.  N.  Y.  &  E.  Ry.,  96 

V.  Pritchard,  934 

V.  Small,  753 
Stanwood  v.  Flagg,  269 


Stan  wood  v.  Maiden,  1119 

V.  Whitmere,  445 
Staple  V.  Spring,  949 
Staples  V.  Dean,  961,  966 

V.  Parker,  407,  413 

V.  Schmid,  378,  1336 

V.  White,  685;/ 
Stapleton  v.  King,  745 
Star  of  India,  The,  1  P.  D.  466;  593 
Star  of  India,  The,  3  Aspin.  261;  589 
Star  Glass  Co.  v.  Morey,  1048,  1060 
Starbird  v.  Barrows,  1216,  1325,  1328 
Starbuck,  The,  587 
Starck  v.  Washington  U.  C.  Co.,  1354 
Starin,  The,  592 
Stark  V.  Alford,  762 

V.  Coffin,  269,  271 

V.  Epler,  1263 

V.  Hunton,  339a 

V.  Johnson,  47 

V.  Olney,  316,  324a,  959,  964,  966 

V.  Parker,  673/ 

«.  Price,  313a,  319 

V.  Raney,  684o 

V.  Starr,  917,  918 
Starkey  v.  Bank  of  England,  837 

V.  Waite,  529 
Starkweather  v.  Quigley,  1263 
Stame  v.  Barr,  326 

Stames  v.  Pine  Woods  Lumber  Co., 
1359 

V.  Railroad,  851 

V.  Schofield,  695c 
Starr  v.  Light,  734 

V.  Stark,  908 
Starr-Hardnett  v.  Edmeiston    Co.  v. 

Missouri,  K.  &  T.  Ry.,  844 
Starr  Pub.  Co.  v.  Charles  Knosher  & 

Co.,  633/ 
Startup  V.  Cortazzi,   220,   228^8,   508, 

7356,  745 
State  V.  Allen,  682a 

V.  Andrews,  682 

V.  Atherton,  694 

V.  Baden,  554(2 

V.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  675 

V.  Beackmo,  1160a 

V.  Beard,  664 

V.  Berning,  681a,  692c 

V.  Berry,  6926 


3034                                          TABLE 

OF  CASES 

[References  are  to  sections] 

State  V.  Binney,  682a 

State  V.  Gage,  682,  682a 

V.  Bird,  692d 

V.  Gatzweiler,  692/ 

V.  Bishop,  106 

».  Gregory,  692j' 

V.  Blakemore,  678 

V.  Guenther,  324a 

V.  Bloxom,  692j 

V.  Harper,  692/ 

V.  Bobleter,  692/ 

V.  Harrington,  316 

V.  Boone,  692h 

V.  Hill,  692/ 

V.  Bowen,  324a 

V.  Hinsdale-Doyle     Granite    Co., 

V.  Bradnhaw,  688 

679b 

V.  Buck,  692/ 

V.  Hope,  293,  493o 

V.  Case,  103 

V.  Houston,  692/ 

V.  Caldwell,  554 

V.  Hudson  Co.  Board,  1148 

V.  Cayee,  692i 

V.  Hug,  235a 

V.  City  of  Kansas,  1140 

11.  Ingrain,  618 

V.  City  of  St.  Louis,  1128 

V.  Johnson,  692i 

V.  Clarke,  934 

V.  Kurtzebom,  6926 

V.  Cobb,  545 

V.  Lackey,  692d 

V.  Coombs,  682 

V.  Lawson,  2  Gill,  62;  692i 

V.  Copeland,  692/ 

V.  Lawson,  4  Gill,  62;  553,  554 

V.  Corey,  692a 

V.  Lyle,  1148 

V.  Corron,  416 

V.  Lines,  558 

V.  Corwin,  685j 

V.  McAlpin,  692 

V.  Court,  28  Mont.  544;  1123 

V.  MacDaniel,  693 

V.  Court,  30  Mont.  219;  1123 

V.  McDonou^,  692a 

V.  Daniels,  692& 

V.  McGlothHn,  681a 

f.  Davis,  96  Ind.  539;  693 

V.  McHale,  682 

V.  Davis,  117  Ind.  307;  107a 

I).  McKeon,  682 

V.  Dawson,  1107 

V.  Mangum,  692i 

V.  Deer  Lodge,  1123 

V.  Mayes,  338 

V.  Dickmann,  1271a 

V.  Medford,  685^,  685jn 

V.  Digby,  1130 

V.  Miller,  180  Fed.  796;  1363, 1365, 

V.  District  Court,  1152a 

1369 

V.  Dixon,  692i 

V.  Miller,  23  N.  J.  L.  383;  1148 

V.  Dodd,  413 

V.  Miles,  103 

V.  Druly,  692i 

V.  ModveU,  1031 

V.  Edwards,  550 

V.  Moore,  74  Mo.  413;  692/ 

V.  ElUott,  692d 

V.  Moore,  56  Neb.  82;  692a 

a.  Eskridge,  692i 

V.  Multnomah  County,  332 

V.  Estes,  678 

V.  Myers,  692i 

V.  Evans,  3  111.  208;  1138 

V.  Nevin,  692/ 

V.  Evans,  83  Mo.  App.  301;  461, 

V.  New  Jersey  &  N.  Y.  R.  R.,  1148 

462 

V.  Newcomer,  554,  692i 

V.  FaUs,  554a 

V.  Northern  C.  Ry.,  1031 

V.  Fargo,  684 

V.  Nutter,  681o 

V.  Finn,  13  Mo.  App.  285;  692i 

V.  Olney,  975 

V.  Finn,  23  Mo.  App.  290;  692c 

V.  O'Neill,  682a 

V.  Finn,  87  Mo.  310;  131 

».  Pacific  Guano  Co.,  935 

V.  Flarsheim,  682,  682a 

V.  Paul,  692e 

V.  Ford,  692 

V.  Perkins,  692 

V.  Fox,  441 

V.  Peterman,  692fc 

TABLE   OF   CASES 


3035 


[References 
State  V.  Pool,  692i 

V.  Powell,  214 

V.  Price,  295 

V.  Purcell,  685 

V.  Reinhardt,  106 

V.  Richardson,  Slid 

V.  Ruggles,  692 

V.  Ryland,  692ff 

V.  Ryley,  682 

V.  Sandusky,  677,  678 

V.  Sarratt,  333 

V.  Scoggin,  676 

V.  Shardlow,  1167 

V.  Shobe,  682a 

V.  Smith,  26  Mo.  226;  692e 

V.  Smith,  31  Mo.  566;  248o,  432o 

V.  Stark,  682 

V.  State  T.  B.  Co.,  1172a 

V.  Steen,  333 

V.  Stevens,  386 

V.  Strange,  692fc 

V.  Suffield  &  T.  B.  Co.,  1149 

V.  Sunapee  Dam  Co.,  1256d 

V.  Taylor,  10  S.  D.  182;  692 

V.  Taylor,  68  S.  E.  379;  685A; 

V.  Taylor,  10  Oh.  378;  420 

V.  Thomas,  680 

V.  Thresher,  692j 

V.  Timmons,  692t 

V.  Tittmann,  692fc 

V.  Van  Winkle,  332 

V.  Vogel,  334 

V.  Wall,  692d 

V.  Ward,  149 

V.  Warner,  312 

V.  Washburn,  692k 

V.  Wayman,  678 

V.  Weston,  73 

V.  Windley,  692ff 

V.  Young,  692a 
State  Bank  v.  Brennan,  692i 

V.  Johnson,  694 

V.  Locke,  692 
V.  Martin,  565a 
V.  Northam,  310 
State  ex  rel.  Armour  Packing  Co.  v. 

Dickmann,  103 
State  ex  rel.  Polster  v.  Miles,  692i 
State  ex  rel.  Schreiber  v.  Dickmann, 
692i 


are  to  sections] 

State  Ins.  Co.  v.  Jamison,  818a 

V.  Taylor,  722 
State  Line  R.  R.  v.  Playford,  1149 
State  of  California,  The,  593 
State  Treasurer  v.  Mann,  694 
States  V.  Durkin,  183 
Statler  v.  George  A.  Ray  Mfg.  Co.,  44 
Staton  V.  Com.,  558 
Stauffer  v.  Garrison,  691d 

V.  Miller  Soap  Co.,  936 
Stavers  v.  Cushing,  636n 
Steadman  v.  Venning,  1330 
Steamboat  Co.  v.  Whilldin,  593 
Steamboat  New  World  v.  King,  368 
Steamship  Mediana,  The,  v.  The  Light- 
ship Comet,  96,  243o,  2436 
Steam  Stone  Cutter  Co.  v.  Windsor 

Mfg.  Co.,  1218,  1244 
Stearine  Kaarsen  Fabrick  Gonda  Co.  v. 

Heintzmann,  823 
Steam  v.  Hesdorfer,  980a 
Steams  v.  Barrett,  407,  410 

V.  Brown,  311b 

V.  City  of  Richmond,  1117 

V.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  666 

V.  McCullough,  762 

V.  McGinty,  125,  435 

V.  Marsh,  80,  1046 

V.  Mason,  312 

V.  Steams,  789 

V.  Swift,  921 
Stebbing   v.    Metropolitan   Board   of 

Works,  1081 
Stebbins  v.  Wolf,  959,  978,  981,  982 
Steber  v.  Chicago  &  G.  W.  Ry.,  942 
Stecker  v.  Weaver  C.  &  C.  Co.,  742a 
Steed  V.  McRae,  668 
Steel  V.  Gordon,  685e,  685h,  685j 

V.  Kurtz,  573a,  579 

V.  People's  Oil  &  Gas  Col,  423 
Steele  v.  Frierson,  301c 

V.  Hanna,  3406 

V.  M.  E.  Andrews  &  Sons,  766 

V.  President,  etc.,  of  Western  In- 
land Block  Navigation,  1108 

V.  Sawyer,  705 

t).  Thatcher,  685m 

V.  Thompson,  36a,  1247,  1255 

V.  Western  Inland  L.  N.  Co.,  1277, 
1278 


3036 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Steenburgh  v.  McRorie,  373 
Steenrod  v.  Wheeling,  P.  &  B.  R.  R., 

301& 
Steeples  v.  Newton,  660 
Steer  v.  Brown,  413 

V.  Crowley,  107c 
Steere  v.  Benson,  703 

V.  Hoagland,  316 
Steers  v.  Liverpool  &  N.  Y.  &  P.  S.  Co., 

873 
Stees  V.  Kemble,  452 
Steever  v.  Beehler,  449 
Steffen  v.  Mississippi  River,  etc.,  R.  R., 

842 
Steger  v.  Barrett,  71 
Stehr  V.  Mason  C.  &  P.  D.  Ry.,  1123 
Steiger  v.  Hillen,  921 
Steiglider  v.  Missouri  Pac.  R.  R.,  84a 
Stein  V.  Burden,  99, 

I).  Cozart,  682,  682o 

V.  Lafayette,  1108,  1110 

V.  Metropolitan  Elevated  Railway, 
1205 

V.  Steamboat  Prairie  Rose,  85 
Steinback  v.  State,  6926 
Steinberger  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  371a 
Steinbock  v.  Evans,  678,  686 
Steinbuchel  v.  Wright,  1331 
Steinburg  v.  Gebhardt,  6555 
Steiner  v.  Moran,  41,  481,  485 
Steinhart  v.  Doellner,  805 
Steinhardt  v.  Phelps,  762 
Steinman  v.  McWUliams,  451 
Steinmetz  v.  MetropoUtan  El.  R.  R., 

11986 
Steketee  v.  Kimm,  1282 
Stell  V.  Paschall,  363,  537 
Stelle  V.  Lovejoy,  688 
Stemmer  v.  Scottish  Ins.  Co.,  312,  724 
Stemmerman  v.  Nassau  El.  R.  R.,  1329 
Stenger  v.  Carrig,  334 
Stephen  Morgan,  The,  587 
Stephen  v.  Woodruff,  135 
Stephens  v.  Bridge  Co.,  419 

V.  Burgess,  3016 

V.  Crawford,  676 

V.  Gravit,  1337 

V.  Hannibal  &  S.  J.  R.  R.,  41,  180, 
226/ 

V.  Hendee,  692o 


Stephens  v.  Howe,  271 

V.  Koonce,  317 

V.  Schmidt,  1355 

V.  Taylor,  3776 
Stephenson  v.  Allison,  695c 

V.  Axon,  301c 

V.  Harrison,  1011 

V.  Little,  505 

V.  Piscataqua  F.  &  M.  Ins.  Co.,  710 

V.  Price,  516c 

V.  Repp,  6226,  765 

V.  Thayer,  256 

V.  Wright,  55,  383a 
Stepp  V.  Croft,  448d 
Sterling  v.  Peet,  962,  966,  982 
Sterling  O.  Co.  v.  House,  607,  633 
Sterling,  The,  590 
Stem  V.  People,  301, 303, 310 

V.  Rosenheim,  193a,  834c 
Stemberger  v.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1201 
Sterne  v.  Benbow,  1022 
Stemfels  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  577, 

1367 
Sterrett  v.  Kaster,  76 
Stetson  V.  Bangor,  1160a 

V.  Crocksey,  777 

V.  Faxon,  35,  1194 
Steuart  v.  State  of  Maryland,  32 
Stevens  v.  Barringer,  339,  341 

V.  Cedar  Rapids,  1112a 

V.  Corbitt,  302a 

V.  Danbury,  1160 

V.  E.  &  N.  A.  Ry.,  1347 

V.  Freidman,  359 

V.  Gwathmey,  341 

V.  HoUister,  906 

!;.  Ins.  Co.,  722o 

V.  Lockwood,  85 

V.  Low,  54,  317,  492 

V.  Lyford,  734,  739,  753,  1261 

V.  McClure,  101 

V.  New  Jersey  &  H.  R.  Ry.,  1364 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  1194 

V.  Rogers,  106,  109 

V.  Rowe,  556 

V.  Sabin,  5656 

V.  Simmons,  302a 

V.  State,  2146 

V.  Stevens,  929 

V.  Tuite,  531,  538,  540 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3037 


[References 
Stevens  v.  Union  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Walker,  831 

V.  Webb,  423 

V.  Wolf,  684a 

V.  Yale,  197 
Stevens  Implement  Co.  v.  South  Ogden 

Water  Co.,  325 
Stevenson  v.  Belknap,  376,  474 

V.  Davis,  1025 

V.  Ebervale  Coal  Co.,  948 

I).  Fuller,  1018 

V.  Greenlee,  439e 

V.  Hodder,  340o 

V.  Lambard,  999(i 

V.  Lord,  81,  531o 

V.  Maxwell,  3016,  1025 

V.  Missouri  Pacific  R.  R.,  947,  1140 

V.  Montreal  Telegraph  Co.,  880 

V.  Morris,  234,  359 

V.  Morris  Machine  Works,  834a 

V.  Smith,  1268 

V.  Wallace,  928 
Stever  v.  Lamoure,  1046 
Steward  v.  R.  R.,  1144 
Stewart  v.  Arkansas  So.  R.  R.,  43h 

V.  Barnes,  339 

V.  BedeU,  418 

V.  Bock,  1060 

V.  Cauty,  758 

V.  Colfax  C.  C.  Co.,  935 

V.  Drake,  969,  969,  973,  979,  982 

II.  Great  Northern  R.  R.,  1148 

V.  Grier,  687 

V.  Jack,  1027,  1028 

V.  Joyce,  1256d,  1256i 

V.  Lanier  House  Co.,  182,  992 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  1372 

V.  McLaughlin,  1023 

V.  Maddox,  386 

V.  Martin,  60 

V.  Mathieson,  976 

V.  Merchants'  M.  I.  Co.,  716 

V.  Metropolitan  Elevated  Railroad, 
1194 

V.  Noble,  679a,  1010 

V.  Ohio  River  R.  R.,  1123,  1149 

V.  Patton,  164a 

V.  Philadelphia  County,  331a 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  885 

V.  Powers,  740 


are  to  sections] 

Stewart  v.  Ripon,  47,  1216,  481,  484 

V.  Rumball,  675c 

V.  St.  Louis  S.  W.  Ry.,  1354,  1355 

V.  Salamon,  278 

V.  Schneider,  64,  942 

V.  Schell,  303,  340 

V.  Sculthorp,  164a 

V.  Smallwood,  361 

V.  Sonnebom,  459,  468 

V.  Stebbins,  339a 

V.  Stocker,  341 

V.  Strong,  126d 

V.  Thayer,  673c 

V.  United  E.r,L,_&  P.  Co.,  5705 

V.  Walker,  657 
Stickford  v.  St.  Louis,-856 
Stickney  v.  Allen,  53,  60,  243a,  250 

V.  Jourdan,  1030 

V.  Maidstone,  226/  __ 

V.  Moore,  346,  6955 
Stidham  v.  Laurie,  408 
Stiles  V.  Comstock,  451 

V.  Tilford,  639 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  892 

V.  White,  777 
Still  V.  Hall,  3146,  674,  1066 
Stiller  V.  Bohn  Manuf.  Co.,  1357 
Stillings  V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1367 
Stillwell  V.  Bamet,  363a,  364,  366 

V.  Biloxi  Canning  Co.,  762 

V.  Farewell,  494,  494a 

V.  Lumber  Co.,  413 

V.  Staples,  725 

V.  Temple,  414 
Stillwell  &  B.  M.  Co.  v.  Phelps;  620 
Stilson  V.  Gibbs,  358,  360,  5656 
Stilwell  V.  Chappell,  1053 

V.  Mills,  692A; 
Stimmel  v.  Brown,  932 
Stimpson  v.  Greene,  311 

V.  The  Railroads,  229,  235,  352, 
1229 
Stimson  v.  Connecticut  R.  R.  R.,  873 

V.  Famham,  103,  547 
Stinnett  v.  Wilson,  685?re 
Stinson  v.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1179 
Stirling  v.  Garritee,  493 
Stim  V.  Metropolitan  El.  R.  R.,  1207 
Stirton  v.  Gummer,  449 
Stix  V.  Keith.  431 


3038 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Stockbridge   Iron   Co.   v.   Cone   Iron 

Works,  503,  935 
Stockdale  v.  Young,  901 
Stockham  v.  Cheney,  1127 
Stocking  V.  Sage,  834 
Stockport,  Timperiey  &  A.  Ry.,  1100 
Stockton  V.  Chicago,  1138 

V.  Cook,  979 

V.  Frey,  47,  490 

V.  Guthrie,  307,  999a 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1367 
Stockton,  etc.,    Gravel   Road   Co.    v. 

Stockton,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1152a 
Stockton,  etc.,  R.  R.  v.  Galgiani,  1179 
Stockwell  V.  Byrne,  691a 
Stoddard  v.  Mix,  766 

V.  Treadwell,  1066 
Stodghill  V.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  84, 

95 
Stoebier  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  226o 
Stofflet  V.  Stofflet,  182 
Stoggy  V.  Crescent  Creamery  Co.,  106 
Stoher  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry.,  572, 

577 
Stokely  v.  Thompson,  345 
Stokes  V.  Continental  Trust  Co.,  627a, 
736 

V.  Pease,  671 

V.  Saltonstall,  43A 

V.  The  City  Offices  Co.,  12566 
Stollenwerck  v.  Thacher,  56,  80,  506 
Stomne  v.  Hanford  Produce  Co.,  1363 
Stone  V.  Adams  Exp.  Co.,  152 

V.  Argersinger,  834a 

V.  Bennett,  339 

V.  Cason,  685 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  493a 

V.  Chicago,  S.  P.  M.  &  O.  Ry., 
1331,  853 

V.  Codman,  126o 

V.  Dennison,  673a 

V.  Fairbury,  P.  &  N.  W.  R.  R., 
1165 

V.  Framingham,  311c 

V.  Hammell,  797 

V.  Heath,  1167 

V.  Hooker,  804 

V.  Locke,  345 

V,  Mayor  of  Yeovil,  1090 

V.  Pentecost,  990c 


Stone  V.  Seattle,  1354 

V.  Sleeper,  684 

V.  Stone,  6736 

V.  Vamey,  451 

V.  Watson,  772 

V.  Woodruff,  858 
Stoner  v.  Evans,  345 

V.  Texas  &  P.  Ry.,  932,  933 
Stoneseifer  «.  Sheble,  347 
Stonestreet  v.  Crandell,  361,  365,  1334 
Stony  Creek  L.  Co.  v.  Fields,  412 
Stopenhorst  v.  American  M.  Co.,  127 
Storer  v.  Eaton,  817,  834 

V.  Storer,  3116 
Storey  v.  Early,  445,  452,  448c 

V.  Wallace,  453,  1328 
Stork  V.  Philadelphia,  1110 
Storm  V.  City  of  Butte,  226Z 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  1190 
Storms  V.  Railroad,  1201 

V.  Storms,  829 
Storrie  v.  Marshall,  573a 
Storseth  v.  Folsom,  440 
Story  V.  Hammond,  946 

V.  Livingston,  339a,  919 

V.  New  York  &  H.  R.  R.,  614 

V.  New  York  Elevated  R.  R.,  1184, 
1187,  1190,  1192,  1209 

V.  Norfolk  &  S.  R.  R.,  365 

V.  O'Dea,  691o 

V.  Robinson,  214 
Story  Lumber  Co.  v.  Southern  Ry.,  159, 

165 
Stotler  V.  Chicago  &  A.  Ry.,  226/ 
Stoudenmeier  v.  WiUiamson,  316,  762 
Stoudenmire  v.  De  Bardelaben,  950 
Stoudt  V.  Shepherd,  476 
Stoughton  V.  Lynch,  344 
Stout  V.  Folger,  789,  972 

V.  Jackson,  959 

V.  Noblesville  &  E.  Gravel  R.  R., 
35 

V.  Prall,  637 

V.  United  States,  614,  617 
Stovall  V.  Smith,  930a 
Stover  V.  Bluehill,  228 

V.  Speilman,  418 
Stow  V.  Russell,  3406 

V.  Yarwood,  1049,  1044,  1067 
Stowe  V.  Bank  of  Cape  Fear,  814,  918 


TABLE   OP   CASES 


3039 


[References 
Stowe  V.  Bozeman,  1016 

V.  Buttrick,  255,  650,  664,  671 
Stowell  V.  Bennett,  973 

».  Greenwich  Ins.  Co.,  668,  834e 
V.  Lincoln,  99 
V.  Milwaukee,  1152a 
V.  New  Bedford,  1167 
Stowers  v.  Gilbert,  91,  924a 

V.  Singer,  477 
Strader  v.  Snyder,  451 
Strain  v.  Babb,  692/i 
Strakoseh  v.  Wray,  614 
Stranahan  Co.  v.  Coit,  766 
Strand  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1354 
Strang  v.  Whitehead,  463 
Strange  v.  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  164, 
856o 
V.  Cleveland,  C,  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry.,  95 
V.  Dundon,  378 
V.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  43A 
Strasburger  v.  Barber,  366,  930 
V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  883 
Strattman  v.  Moore,  1255 
Stratton  v.  Dole,  638,  641 
V.  Fike,  406,  408,  419 
V.  Spaeth,  762 
Straus  ».  Buchman,  648 
Strause  v.  Western    Union    Telegraph 

Co.,  892 
Strauss  v.  Dundon,  378 
V.  Labsap,  755 
V.  Meertief,  207,  665,  667 
V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  371a 
Straw  V.  Jenks,  81,  497/ 
Strawn  v.  Cogswell,  190,  2266,  762,  764, 

992 
Streeper  v.  Abeln,  970 
V.  Ferris,  839 
V.  Williams,  403,  408,  417 
Street  v.  Augusta  Ins.  Co.,  718 
V.  Blay,  1038 
V.  Chapman,  762 
V.  Nelson,  515 
V.  Rigby,  398 
V.  Sinclair,  82,  133,  1069 
V.  Swain,  655 
Street  R.  R.  v.  Doyle,  1152a 
Streeter  v.  Rush,  418 
V.  Streeter,  1050 
Streett  v.  Laumier,  435a,  438 


are  to  sections] 

Stresovich  v.  Resting,  750 

Streyer  v.  Georgia  S.  &  F.  R.  R.,  1137 

Stribley  v.  Cincinnati,  1151 

V.  Welz,  638 
Strickland,  Matter  of,  311 
Stricklin  v.  Cooper,  334 
Striegel  V.  Moore,  933 
Stringer  v.  Coombs,  271,  274 
Stringfield  v.  Hirsch,  682,  685i 
Stroble  v.  Large,  678 
Strohm  v.  New  York,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R., 

86c,  172 
Stroker  v.  St.  Joseph,  1140 
Stromless,  The,  593 
Strong,  The,  597a 
Strong  V.  American  Cent.  Ins.  Co.,  728 

V.  De  Forest,  685fc 

V.  Garfield,  905 

V.  Hasterlik,  682 

ti.  Iowa  Cent.  Ry.,  1357 

V.  Kean,  10  Ir.  L.  R.  137;  996 

V.  Kean,  13  Ir.  L.  R.  93;  1325 

V.  Manufacturers'  Ins.  Co.,  725 

V.  N.  Y.  Firemen's  Ins.  Co.,  717 

V.  Strong,  83 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  885 

V.  White,  692y 
Strother  v.  South  C.  &  G.  R.  R.,  5716 
Strouss  V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  852 
Strout  V.  Joy,  279c 
Strubbee  v.  Cincinnati  Ry.,  534 
Struble  v.  Burhngton  C.  R.  &  N.  Ry., 
1357 

V.  De  Witt,  486 
Struthers  v.  Clark,  746,  763 

».  Dunkirk,  W.  &  P.  R.  R.,  1115 

V.  Peacock,  447 

!/.  Philadelphia  &  D.  C.  R.  R.,  1163 
Strutt  V.  Fariar,  606a,  626 
Strutzel  V.  St.  Paul  City  Ry.,  1367 
Stryker  v.  Cassidy,  664a 
Stuart  V.  Binsse,  301 

V.  Burcham,  334 

V.  Columbia  Ins.  Co.,  712a 

V.  Hoffman,  1326 

V.  Mathieson,  983 

V.  News  Pub.  Co.,  461 

V.  Pennis,  1006,  1009 

V.  Phelps,  499,  934 

V.  Trotter,  107rf,  691a 


3040 


Stuart  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45o,  894, 

894a 
Stubbings  v.  O'Connor,  346 
Stubbins  v.  Mitchell,  797 
Stubbs  V.  Martindale,  983 

V.  Page,  966,  982 
Stuckey  v.  Atlantic  Coast  L.  R.  R.,  573o 
Studabaker  v.  White,  416 
Stude  V.  Koehler,  657 
Studenmire  v.  De  Bardelaben,  932 
Studley  v.  Baker,  599c 
Stulmuller  v.  Cloughly,  486,  578 
StuU  V.  Beddeo,  685? 
Stumbo  V.  Duluth  Zinc  Co.,  1367 
Stumm  V.  Hummel,  478,  480 
Stump  V.  Horback,  913,  915 
Stunz  V.  Stunz,  334 
Stuppy  V.  Hof,  484 

Sturgeon  v.  St.  Louis,  K.  C.  &  N.  Ry., 
854 

V.  Sturgeon,  487 
Sturges  V.  Green,  308 

V.  Hart,  685ft 

V.  Keith,  493,  519 

V.  Knapp,  33  Vt.  486;  685fc 

V.  Knapp,  36  Vt.  439;  680,  685a 
Sturgess  v.  Bissell,  844 

V.  Crum,  301 
Sturgis  V.  Frost,  182,  226d,  241,  459 

V.  Knapp,  685c 

V.  L0,w,  599c 
Sturm  V.  Boker,  1256fc 

V.  ConsoUdated  Coal  Co.,  86o 
Sturtevant  Mill  Co.  v.  Kingsland  Brick 

Co.,  767 
Stutz  V.  Armstrong,  1219,  1221 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  47,  484, 
865 
Stynes  v.  Boston  E.  Ry.,  180 
Suber  v.  PuUin,  750 

V.  Richards,  302 

V.  Vanlew,  673 
Sudden  v.  Morse,  1266 
Suderman  v.  Woodruff,  1270 
Suderman-Dolson  Co.  v.  Rogers,  937 
Suehr  v.  Sanitary  Dist.  of  Chicago,  942 
Suell  V.  Jones,  1306 
Suess  V.  Imperial  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
Suffolk  Bank  v.  Worcester  Bank,  3406 
Suffolk  Co.  V.  Hayden,  1217, 1220, 1226 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 

Suffus  V.  Bangs,  492a 


SuUens  V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  942 
Sullivan  v.  Anderson,  226ii 

V.  Board  of  Supervisors,  1173,  1177 

V.  Cartier,  685,  685i 

V.  Dee,  363 

V.  Lafayette  Co.,  252 

V.  McMiUam,  26 Fla.  543;  610, 636d> 

636i 
V.  McMillan,  37  Fla.  134;  208 
V.  Missouri,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1179 
V.  Moffatt,  615,  642 
V.  Nicolin,  308a 
V.  North  Hudson  County  R.  R., 

1112a 
V.  Old  Colony  St.  Ry.,  197  Mass. 

512;  43? 
V.  Old  Colony  St.  Ry.,  200  Mass. 

303;  212 
V.  Ore.  Ry.  &  Nav.  Co.,  360,  379, 

380,  860 
V.  Snell,  325 
t>.  SulUvan,  536 
V.  Susong,  312 
V.  Tuck,  509 
V.  Vicksburg,  S.  &  P.  R.  R.,  1368, 

1371 
V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  30  Oh.  Circ. 

Ct.  435;  101 
V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  82  S.  C.  569; 
371a 
Sullivan  County  v.  Amett,  226d,  437 
SulUvant  v.  Reardon,  618,  679a 
Sully  V.  Goldsmith,  695 
Sultan  Water,  etc.,  Co.  v.  Weyerhauser 

Timber  Co.,  1153,  1154 
Summerfield  v.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co., 
366 
V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  43/,  45o,  894 
Summers  v.  Heard,  4976 
V.  Keller,  386,  1344 
V.  Tarney,  226a,  226d 
Summit,  The,  587 
Sumner  v.  Beebe,  301,  342 
V.  Gray,  774 
V.  Kinney,  226i 
V.  Williams,  4  Hall's  Am.  Law  J. 

129,  147;  959 
V.  Williams,  8  Mass.  162;  962,  982 
Sumpter  v.  Hedges,  656 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3041 


[References 
Sumter  v.  Welsh,  1040,  1053 
Sun  Fire  Office  v.  Ayerst,  722 

V.  Ermentrout,  818a 
Sun  L.  Assur.  Co.  v.  Bailey,  445 
Sun  L.  I.  Co.  V.  United  States  F.  &  G. 

Co.,  692a 
Sun  Printing  Assoc,  v.  Smith,  377 
Sun  Printing  &  Pub.  Assn.  v.  Moore, 
417,  420a,  620a,  6206 

V.  Scheneck,  451 
Sunbury  &  E.  R.  R.  v.  Hummel,  1166 
Sunley  v.  Met.  L.  Ins.  Co.,  129 
Sunman  v.  Clark,  620 
Sunnyside,  The,  587 
Sunnyside  Coal  &  C.  Co.  v.  Reitz,  69 

935,  1326 
Supervisors  v.  Kennicott,  688,  688a 

V.  Otis,  692/ 
Suppiger  v.  Gruaz,  536a 
Supreme  Lodge  K.  of  P.  v.  Neeley,  259 
Surplice  v.  Farnsworth,  636n 
Sussex  Ins.  Co.  v.  Woodruff,  725 
Susswein  v.   Pennsylvania  Steel  Co., 

999A 
Sutherland  v.  Round,  1266 

V.  Wyer,  90,  206,  636gr,  666,  667 
Sutorius  V.  Dunstan,  681o 
Sutro  V.  Metropolitan  Railroad,  1198a 
Suttle  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 
Sutton  V.  Baillie,  970,  982 

V.  Clark,  1108 

V.  Cotham,  31  Id 

V.  Dana,  493 

V.  Howard,  407,  411 

V.  Lockwood,  929a 

V.  Page,  959 

V.  Snohomish,  1362 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  106 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  119 
Sutton's  Heirs  v.  Louisville,  1128, 1138a 
Suydam  v.  Jenkins,  228c,  429,  509,  691 
Swafford  v.  Whipple,  959,  964 
Swails  V.  Butcher,  452 

V.  Cissna,  335 
Swain  v.  Cheney,  664 

V.  Graves,  676 

V.  Schieffelin,  134  N.  Y.  471;  164a, 
766 

V.  Schieffelin,  12  N.  Y.  Supp.  155; 
182 

191 


are  to  sections] 

Swallow,  The,  597a 

Swan  V.  Bridgeport,  554,  692ii 

V.  Brown,  999a 

V.  Middlesex  Co.,  1295 

V.  Picquet,  688 

V.  Tappan,  1271 

V.  Timmons,  237,  685k 
Swanscot  M.  Co.  v.  Partridge,  301,  341, 

724 
Swank  v.  Elwert,  80,  82 
Swann  v.  Rary,  449 
Swansqn  v.  Andrews,  642 

V.  Andrus,  312,  614 

V.  Cooke,  275 

V.  Keokuk  &  W.  R.  R.,  937a 

V.  Nelson,  932 

V.  Oakes,  1367 

V.  Union  Stock  Yard  Co.,  1367 
Swanton  v.  King,  1333,  1372 

V.  Pierson,  1148 
Swanzey  v.  Moore,  6736 
Swarthout  v.  New  Jersey  S.  B.  Co., 

1270 
Swartz  V.  Atchison,  762 

V.  Ballou,  983 

V.  English,  689a 
Swayne  v.  Swayne,  1006 
Swayze  v.  N.  J.  Midland  R.  R.,  1148 
Sweaney  v.  United  States,  331a,  1148, 

1151 
Swearingen  v.  Consol.  Troup  Min.  Co., 

1356 
Sweatland  v.   Illinois  &   M.    T.   Co., 

876 
Sweem  v.  Steele,  677,  1006,  1007,  1010 

V.  Steele,   5   la.  352;   677,   1006, 
1007,  1010 

V.  Steele,  10  la.  374;  677 
Sweeney  v.  Baker,  447 

V.  Butte,  1349 

V.  Chicago  City  Ry.,  1342 

V.  Jamieson,  734,  742 

V.  Lomme,  83,  532 

V.  Montana  Cent.  Ry.,  19  Mont. 
163;  942 

V.  Montana  Cent.  Ry.,  25  Mont. 
543,  65  Pac.  912;  941,  1295 

V.  Neely,  310a 

V.  New  York,  308a 

V.  Owsley,  750 


3042 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Sweeney  v.  Pt.  Burdwell  H.  Ck).,  226d, 

432a,  438 
Sweeny  ».  Daugherty,  85o 

V.  Montana  Central  Ry.,  2146 
Sweet  V.  Bradley,  762,  956,  961,  973 

V.  Cutts,  33 

V.  Howell,  975 

V.  Mowry,  685h 
Sweetland  v.  Chicago  &  G.  T.  R.  R., 

571e 
Sweetman  v.  Prince,  774 
Sweigert  v.  Finley,  1298 
Swett  V.  Hooper,  301 
Swett  V.  Patrick,  775,  962,  983 
Swezey  v.  Lott,  658 
Swift  V.  Barnes,  533,  690 

V.  Bamum,  493 

V.  Brownell,  596 

V.  Crow,  676 

V.  Dickerman,  47,  443,  446,  451, 
452 

V.  Eastern  W.  Co.,  153 

V.  Harriman,  661 

V.  Holoubek,  1306 

V.  Johnson,  574,  575,  584 

V.  Newport  News,   105  Va.    108; 
11496 

«.  Newport  News,   105  Va.  821; 
1148 

V.  Plessner,  237,  682a 

V.  Powell,  414 

tf.  Williams,  660 
Swift  &  Co.  V.  Redhead,  766 
Swift,  In  re,  513,  828 
Swift  River  Co.  v.  Fitchburg  R.  R., 

856 
Swigert  v.  Thomas,  82 
Swindell  v.  Richey,  1031 
Swinfin  v.  Lowry,  1255 
Swinnerton  v.  Argonaut  Land  &  De- 
velopment Co.,  312 

V.  Monterey  Co.,  834d 
Swinney  v.  Ft.  Wayne,  M.  &  C.  R.  R., 

1166 
Swire  v.  Leach,  76 
Swisher  v.  McWhinney,  681o 
Switzer  v.  Connell,  822 
Switzerland,  The,  589,  597a 
Swope  V.  Crawford,  531,  535 
Sycamore  M.  H.  Co.  v.  Sturm,  151 


Sykes  v.  Lawlor,  486c 

V.  Life  Ins.  Co.,  439c 
Sylvester  v.  Craig,  493a 
Symes  v.  Oliver,  493 
Symington  ti.  McSin,  820 
Symonds  w.  Carter,  446 

V.  Cincinnati,  1148 

V.  Page,  920 
Symons  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1303 

V.  Symons,  900 
Syracuse,  The,  18  Fed.  828;  587 
Syracuse,  The,  97  Fed.  978;  597a 
Syracuse  G.  L.  Co.  v.  Rome,  W.  &  O. 

E.  R.,  914 
Syracuse  S.  S.  Co.  v.  Rome,  W.  &  O. 
R.  R.,  11  App.  Div.  557;  947 

V.  Rome,  W.  &  O.  R.  R.,  43  App. 
Div.  203;  1116 


T.  B.  Scott  Lumber  Co.  v.  Hafner- 

Lothman  Manuf.  Co.,  755 
T.  J.  Moss  Tie  Co.  v.  Phelps,  219,  226 
T.  P.  Sims  &  Sons  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co., 

885 
Tabak  v.  Fettner,  618,  6556 
Taber  v.  China  M.  I.  Co.,  711 
V.  Hutson,  47,  386,  484,  490 
V.  Jenny,  499 
V.  New  York,  P.  &  B.  R.  R.,  1128, 

1145 
V.  Seaboard  Air  Line  Ry.,  43h 
Taber  Lumber  Co.  v.  O'Neal,  166 
Tabor  v.  Clark,  685fc 
Tacoma  v.  Tacoma  L.  &  W.  Co.,  778, 
1027 
V.  Wetherby,  1143a 
Tacoma    Bituminous    Paving    Co.    v. 

Sternberg,  337 
Tacoma  Mill  Co.  v.  F.  H.  Gilcrest  Lum- 
ber Co.,  753 
Taft  V.  Pike,  673a 
I).  Stoddard,  302o 
!;.  Tiede,  199 
V.  Travis,  750 
Taggard  v.  Curtenius,  1069 
Taggert  v.  Hunter,  1326 
Tahoe  Ice  Co.  v.  Union  Ice  Co.,  617, 
753 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


3043 


[References 

Tait  V.  Matthews,  1143 

V.  Sherman,  657,  673/ 
Talamon  v.  Home  M.  I.  Co.,  723o 
Talbert  v.  Mason,  1027 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894(i 
Talbot  V.  Com.  N.  Bank,  305 

V.  N.  Y.  &  H.  R.  R.,  32 

V.  Sebree,  3016 

V.  Seeman,  599c 

V.  Whipple,  64,  66 
Talbott  V.  Bedford,  959 

V.  Boyd,  734 

V.  English,  9996 

V.  Great  W.  P.  Co.,  564 
Talcott  V.  Crippen,  189 

V.  Marston,  324a,  325,  331 
Tahaferro  v.  Minor,  267 
Talkin  v.  Anderson,  414,  833 
Talladega  Ins.  Co.  v.  Peacock,  301 
Talley  v.  Courter,  202,  927 
Talliaferro  v.  King,  345 
Tallmadge  v.  Wallis,  973 
Tallman  v.   Metropolitan  El.  R.  R., 
1191,  1195 

V.  Truesdale,  416 
Tally  V.  Ganahla,  302 
Tamatroa  v.  Southern  111.  Normal  Uni- 
versity, 685?i 
Tamke  v.  Vangsnes,  637a,  638 
Tamvaco  v.  Simpson,  58 
Tancred  v.  AUgood,  547 
Tanger  v.  Southwest  Missouri  Electric 

Ry.,  380a 
Tanner  v.  Livingston,  981 

V.  Skinner,  Slid 
Tant  V.  Southern  Ry.,  366 
Tanton  v.  Boomgaarden,  307 

V.  Slyder,  6916 
Tanzer  v.  New  York  C.  Ry.,  1347 
Tapley  v.  Lebeaume,  966 
Tappenden  v.  Randall,  285 
Tapscott  V,  Lyon,  5596 
Tarbell  v.  Ennis,  685fc 
Tardeveau  v.  Smith,  419 
Tarleton  v.  McGawley,  127o 
Tarling  v.  Baxter,  750 
Tarpey  v.  Sharp,  688a 
Tarpley  v.  Blabey,  449 

V.  Poage,  973 

V.  Wilson,  303 


are  to  sections] 


Tarpy  v.  Shepherd,  270 

Tarr  v.  Oregon  Short  Line  Ry.,  171a 

V.  Rosenstein,  688 
Tarrell  v.  School  Dist.,  667 
Tate  V.  Booe,  972 
Tathwell  v.  Cedar  Rapids,  1368 
Tatnall  v.  Courtney,  487a 
Tatro  V.  Brower,  766 
Tatum  V.  Gibbs,  340a 

V.  Gregory,  1237 

V.  Kincannon,  979 

V.  McLellan,  909a 

V.  Manning,  515 

V.  Mohr,  316,  762,  772 
Taul  V.  Everet,  411 
Taulbee  v.  Moore,  644 
Taussig  V.  Hart,  49  N.  Y.  301;  828 

V.  Hart,  58  N.  Y.  425;  228/ 

V.  St.  Louis  &  K.  R.  R.,  673e 
Tayloe  v.  Merchants'  Ins.  Co.,  727 

V.  Sandiford,  397,  402,  406,  419 

V.  Turner,  519,  627o,  736 
Taylor  v.  Atlantic  Coast  Line  R.  R.,  43/ 

V.  Barnes,  960,  1008 

V.  Bay  City  S.  Ry.,  80  Mich.  77; 
318 

V.  Bay  City  St.  Ry.,  101  Mich.  140; 
948 

V.  Blythe,  692 

V.  Bradley,  624,  989 

V.  Church,  448a 

V.  Collier,  844 

V.  CooUdge,  463 

i).  Cooper,  184,  984,  988 

V.  Davis,  1370 

V.  Dustm,  1265 

V.  Eldridge,  968,  974 

V.  Foster,  636ff 

V.  Friendship,  The,  599c 

V.  Grand  T.  Ry.,  368 

V.  Gumpert,  443 

V.  Hardin,  1041 

V.  Hayes,  22&d 

V.  Hearst,  453 

V.  Henniker,  100 

V.  Higgins,  796,  797,  810 

V.  Holter,  959,  982,  983 

V.  Houston  Electric  Co.,  1108 

V.  Howard,  610 

V.  Hunnicutt,  607 


3044 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


[References 

Taylor  v.  James,  914,  917 

V.  Johnson,  692 

V.  Jones,  1258 

V.  Kehlor,  667 

V.  Ketchum,  822 

V.  Knox,  303,  304,  31  le 

V.  Laird,  673/ 

V.  Lehman,  991 

V.  Louisiana  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  1371 

».  McFatter,  737 

V.  Maguire,  178 

V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  85c 

V.  MetropoUtanEl.  Ry.,  1203, 1205 

V.  MiUs,  785 

V.  Minor,  341 

V.  Monnot,  1289 

V.  Monroe,  1269,  1270 

V.  Morgan,  363a,  374 

V.  Morton,  234,  235o,  540,  692/ 

V.  National  T.  R.  Union,  732 

V.  North  Pacific  Coast  R.  R.,  618, 
619 

V.  Nostrand,  836 

V.  Peterson,  673/ 

V.  PuUen,  445 

V.  Read,  98,  201,  734,  741 

V.  Saxe,  734 

V.  Shelkett,  473,  1328 

V.  Smith,  423 

V.  Spencer,  633 

V.  Taylor,  908 

V.  Times  Newspaper  Co.,  416 

V.  Trustees  of  Poor,  752 

t).  Wallace,  961 

V.  Welsh,  536,  540 

V.  West  P.  R.  R.,  574a 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  8946 

u.  Williams,  656 

i;.  Wing,  330,  334 
Taylor  B.  &  H.  R.  R.  v.  Warner,  1367 
Taylor  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Hatcher  Mfg.  Co., 

607,  633 
Taylor  Worsted  Co.  ».  Beolclu,  685 
Tazewell  v.  Barrett,  341 

V.  Saunders,  678 
Tea  V.  Gates,  170a 
Teagarden  v.  Hetfield,  132,  1268 
Teague  v.  Dendy,  3116 

V.  Whaley,  982 
Teal  V.  Auty,  105 


are  to  sections] 

Teaver  v.  Akin,  909a 

Tebbetts  v.  Raskins,  1302 

Tebbs  V.  Cleveland  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry., 

844 
Tebo  V.  Betancourt,  682 
Tedd  V.  Douglas,  1369 
Teele  v.  Boston,  1162 
Teerpeiming  v.  Com  Exch.  Ins  Co., 

1208 
Teese  v.  Huntingdon,  1246 
Tefft  V.  Wilcox,  41,  47,  180,  226/,  481, 

485 
Tegeler  v.  Kansas  City,  924a 
Telegraph  Co.  v.  Frith,  894o 
V.  Mellon,  876 
V.  Munford,  876 
Telephone  &  Tel.  Co.  v.  Shaw,  366 
Telephone  T.  Co.  v.  Forke,  1175 
Telfair  County  v.  Webb,  226a,  226d 
Telfener  v.  Russ,  1023 
Telfer  v.  Northern  R.  R.,  573a,  575, 

1367 
Teller  Bay  &  River  Dredging  Co.,  937 
Tempest  v.  Linley,  546 

V.  Kilner,  2  C.  B.  300;  745 
V.  Kilner,  3  C.  B.  249;  736 
Temple  ».  Duran,  79 
Temple  E.  L.  Co.  v.  Halliburton,  1367 
Templeman  v.  Fauntleroy,  341 
Templemore  v.  Moore,  936 
Templer  v.  McLaehlan,  1037 
Templeton  ».  Graves,  360,  364 
Tenant  v.  Gold  win,  33 
Tenbrooke  v.  Jahke,  1154c 
Ten  Gate  v.  Fansler,  458,  459 
Ten  Eyck  v.  Houghtaling,  307,  999o 

V.  Sayers,  685/ 
Ten  Hbpen  v.  Walker,  432 
Tennant  v.  Gray,  678 
Tennessee  &  C.  R.  R.  v.  Danforth,  614, 
6476 
V.  Brasher,  47 
Tennessee  C.  I.  &  R.  Co.  v.  Hamilton, 

924,  947 
Tennessee  Goal  &  R.   R.  v.  Roddy, 

1326 
Tennessee  Mfg.  Co.  v.  James,  407 
Tenney  v.  Bank  of  Wisconsin,  493 
Tennis  v.  Gifford,  764 
Tenth  Nat.  Bank  v.  New  York,  339 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


3045 


[References 

Terhune  v.  Joseph  W.  Cody  Contract- 
ing Co.,  1372 
V.  Oldis,  3116 
Terminal  Co.  v.  Jacobs,  1089,  1111 
Temes  v.  Dunn,  1076,  109 
Terre  Haute  v.  Hudnut,  182,  942,  948 

V.  Turner,  1108 
Terre  Haute  &  I.  R.  R.  v.  Buck,  1216 
V.  Pierce,  1044 
V.  Sheeks,  1354 
Terre  Haute  &  L.  R.  R.  v.  Walsh,  937a 
Terre  Haute,  Alton  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  v. 

Vanata,  1328,  1342 
Terrell  v.  Ingersoll,  685^ 

V.  McLean,  692A 
Teny  v.  Allis,  256 

V.  Drabenstadt,  983 
V.  Hartford,  1148 
V.  Hutchinson,  472 
V.  Jewett,  78  N.  Y.  338;  583 
V.  Jewett,  17  Hun,  395;  67a 
V.  New  York,  71,  214 
V.  Robbins,  677 
V.  Williams,  363a,  366 
Terwilliger  v.  Knapp,  754 
Tete  V.  Lanaux,  667 
Tetherow  v.  St.  Joseph  &  D.  M.  R.  R., 

680 
Tetzner  v.  Naughton,  36a,  1254,  1255 
Teutonia,  The,  587 
Tevis  V.  Ryan,  257 
Tew  V.  Earl  of  Winterton,  678 
Texarkana  v.  Talbot,  1123,  1177 
Texarkana  &  F.  S.  Ry.  v.  Anderson,  43/ 
V.  Bell,  1296 
V.  Brandon,  1353 
V.  Hartford  Ins.  Co.,  301,  304 
V.  Neches  Iron  Works,  166 
V.  Shivel,  852 
V.  Spencer,  932 
Texarkana  Gas  &  Electric  Light  Co.  v. 

Orr,  368 
Texarkana  Tel.  Col  v.  Pemberton,  1357 
Texarkana  Water  Co.  v.  Kizer,  493a 
Texas  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Hall,  1363 
Texas  &  Louisiana  Lumber  Co.  v.  Rose, 

755 
Texas  &  N.  O.  R.  R.  v.  Barwick,  1350 
V.  Brown,  573 
i;.  Buch,  1356 


are  to  sections] 

Texas  &  N.  R.  R.  v.  Carr,  91  Tex. 
332;  316 

V.  Carr,  42  S.  W.  126;  1356 

V.  Clippenger,  860 

V.  Conway,  1356 

V.  Cunningham,  318 

V.  McCoy,  1354 

V.  McLeod,  1356,  1365 

V.  Marshall,  1342 

V.  Middleton,  1354 

V.  Ochiltree,  937 

V.  Parsons,  1356 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  11520 

V.  Reed,  1350 

V.  Russell,  873 

V.  Walker,  1367 

V.  White,  935 

V.  Wood,  1365 
Texas  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Armstrong,  93  Tex. 
31;  864 
V.  Armstrong,  41  S.  W.  833;  221a 
V.  Avery,  852 
V.  Bayliss,  937 
V.  Beezley,  380 
V.  Bowlin,  1359 
V.  Buckalew,  1270 
V.  Coggin,  246 
V.  Cole,  872 
V.  Crockett,  1351 
V.  Curry,  47 
».  Davidson,  860 
V.  Ford,  942 
V.  Geiger,  1355,  1367 
V.  Graffeo,  937a 
V.  Harby,  575 
V.  Hartnett,  864 
V.  Hassell,  854 
V.  Hemphill,  226Z 
V.  Hoffecker,  844 
V.  Hudman,  1367 
V.  Humble,  486 
V.  James,  865 
V.  Johnson,  1366,  1367 
V.  Klepper,  844,  862 
V.  Lester,  1367 
V.  Levi,  67a,  437 
V.  Lowry,  1363 
V.  Lynch,  1342 
V.  Maddox,  942 
V.  Mansell,  1342 


3046 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Texas  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Mayes,  863 

V.  Moody,  580a 

V.  Morin,  4866,  486c 

V.  Mosley,  2216 

V.  Nelson,  85c 

V.  Newsome,  1267 

V.  Newton,  215,  2266,  226(i 

V.  Nicholson,  842,  854 

V.  O'Mahoney,  948 

V.  Payne,  318,  844 

V.  Randle,  1299 

V.  Bice,  937o 

V.  Robertson,  1367 

».  Saunders,  69 

V.  Sims,  844 

V.  Tankersley,  317,  318 

V.  Torrey,  69,  70 

V.  White,  202,  214a 

».  Wilder,  575 

V.  Wilson  Hack  Line,  80o,  251 
Texas  &  S.  L.  Ry.  v.  Cella,  1134,  1165, 
1166 

V.  Matthews,  1143 

V.  Patton,  1257 

V.  Young,  191,  937 
Texas  C.  R.  R.  v.  Brown,  932 

V.  Rsher,  1326 

V.  Shropshire,  12Qd 

V.  Watson,  852 

V.  Wheeler,  1353 

V.  Wilks,  942 
Texas  Co.  v.  Lacour,  937 
Texas  Installment  Co.  v.  Lewis,  1334 
Texas  L.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Nations,  1344 
Texas  Loan  Agency  v.  Fleming,  1367 
Texas  M.  R.  R.  v.  Byrd,  1349 

V.  Dean,  466 

V.  Douglass,  439,  1306 

».  Southwestern  T.  &  T.  Co.,  1149 
Texas,  San  Antonio  &  A.  P.  Ry.  v. 

Ruby,  1161 
Texas  T.  Co.  «.  Hanson,  42 
Texas  T.  Ry.  v.  Johnson,  378 
Texas  T.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Scott,  1365 
Texas  Tr.  Co.  v.  Hanson,  484 
Texas  W.  Ry.  v.  Cave,  1151 

V.  Gentry,  277 
Texter  v.  Norton,  750 
Thacher  v.  Dinsmore,  798 
Thacke  v.  Hemsheim,  614 


Thapnell  v.  McAfee,  685ft 
Tharpe  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894d 
Thatcher  v.  Kaucher,  1297 
V.  McCulloh,  1039 
V.  Massey,  325 
Thayer  v.  Brooks,  93 

V.  Clemence,  967,  979 
V.  Hamlin,  614 
V.  Manley,  256 
V.  Meeker,  3406 
V.  Roberts,  557 
V.  Star  Mining  Co.,  343 
V.  Wadsworth,  173/ 
Thebideau  v.  Cairns,  858 
Thedford  v.  Herbert,  734 
Theisen  v.  Johns,  1254 
Theiss  v.  Weiss,  741 
Theobald  v.  Burleigh,  655c 

V.  Railway   Passenger  Assurance 
Co.,  731 
Thero  v.  Missouri  Pac.  Ry.,  1331 
Thiebault  v.  Prendergast,  1340 
Thiel  V.  Bull's  F.  L.  Co.,  70,  107c 
Thiele  v.  Axell,  979 

Thill  V.  Pohhnan,  360,  387,  1249,  1254 
ThiUman  v.  Neal,  363a,  365,  484 
Third  Nat.  Bank  v.  Boyd,  497,  519 
Thirkfield  v.  Mountain  View  Cemetery 

Assoc,  366 
Thirty-five  thousand  boxes  of  Oranges 

and  Lemons,  597a 
Thisler  v.  Miller,  856 
Thistle  Coal  Co.  v.  Rex  C.  &  M.  Co., 

752 
Thol  V.  Henderson,  156 
Tholen  v.  Duffy,  407,  416 
Thoman  v.  Mills,  1256A 
Thomas  v.  Allen,  786 
V.  Brooklyn,  486 
V.  Bruce,  325 
V.  Cauldwell,  615,  752 
V.  Clarke,  858 
V.  Dansby,  1249,  1249a 
V.  Dickinson,  1020 
V.  Dike,  673a 
V.  Dunaway,  447 
V.  Edwards,  334 
V.  Ellison,  102  Tex.  354;  1027 
V,  Ellison,  110  S.  W.  934;  979 


TABLte 
[References 
Thomas  v.  Fischer,  449 

V.  Gates,  44,  47,  484 

V.  Gavin,  418 

V.  Hamilton,  959 

V.  Hammond,  972 

V.  Henderson,  1136 

V.  Isett,  436 

V.  McManus,  6736 

V.  Mallinckrodt,  922 

V.  Rockland  Ins.  Co.,  714 

V.  School,  31 1& 

V.  Spofford,  532 

V.  Stemheimer,  317,  493a 

V.  Summey,  6926 

V.  Thallon,  917 

V.  Union  Ry.,  1303,  1355 

V.  Waterman,  492 

V.  Weed,  295 

V.  Wells,  313o 

V.  Western  Car  Co.,  311/,  340o 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  120  Ky.  194; 
8946 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  118  Pac.  370; 
894 

V.  Williams,  385,  387 

V.  Wilson,  334 

V.  Winchester,  120 

V.  Womack,  1330 
Thomas  B.  &  W.  M.  Co.  v.  Wabash,  St. 

L.  &  P.  Ry.,  152, 178 
Thomas  Iron  Co.  v.  Jackson  Iron  Co., 

742 
Thomas  Kiley,  The,  593 
Thomas  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Watson,  756 
Thomas  P.  Sheldon,  The,  221 
Thomas  W.  Finucane  Co.  v.  Board  of 

Education,  642 
Thomason  v.  Seaboard  A.  L.  Ry.,  948 
Thomasson  v.  Southern  Ry.,  366 
Thompson  v.  Alger,  751 

V.  Androscoggin,  I.  R.  Co.,  1110 

V.  Bell,  1028 

V.  Bertrand,  777 

V.  Bohannon,  278 

V.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  3406 

V.  Brown,  616,  6556 

V.  Carter,  256 

V.  Chattanooga  S.  R.  R.,  843o 

V.  Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.,  937a 

V.  Citizens'  Traction  Co.,  932, 1142 


6f  t!A&ES  3047 

are  to  sections] 

Thompson  v.  Crocker,  940 
V.  Dekum,  681a,  692c 
V.  Dickerson,  692c 
V.  Ellsworth,  129 
V.  Gaffey,  615,  655o,  6555 
V.  Gates,  682a 
V.  Gibson,  949 
V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1356 
V.  The  Great  Republic,  587 
0.  Guthrie,  1009 
V.  Gwyn,  821 
V.  Haislip,  1275 
V.  Halbert,  256,  766 
V.  Hibbs,  324a 
V.  Hoskins,  83 
V.  Howes,  734 
V.  Hudson,  411 
V.  Jackson,  613 

V.  Johnston  Bros.  Co.,  575,  1367 
V.  Jones,  981 
V.  Kyle,  636d 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  584 
V.  Lyon,  3406 
V.  Manhattan  Ry.,  24   N.   Y.   St. 

498;  1201 
V.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  29  N.  Y.  St. 

720;  1194,  1208 
V.  Mansfield,  1053 
V.  Matthews,  310 
V.  Milwaukee  &  St.  P.  R.  R.,  1109 
V.  Moiles,  503,  1299 
V.  Morris  C.  &  B.  Co.,  1334 
V.  Morrow,  922 
V.  Mylne,  311 
V.  New  Orleans,  J.  &  G.  N.  R.  R., 

98,  107o 
V.  New  York  L.  I.  Co.,  730 
V.  Newell,  1027 
V.  Pettitt,  433,  944 
V.  Pickel,  326 
V.  Poplar  Bluff,  1353 
V.  Powning,  234,  448a 
V.  Rake,  377 
V.  Richards,  785 
V.  Riggs,  267  269 
V.  Robertson,  700 
f .  St.  Charles  County,  408,  419 
V.  Scheid,  537 
V.  Seaboard  A.  L.  Ry.,  368 
V.  Shattuck,  201,  205,  209,  991,  992 


3048 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Thompson  v.  Shepler,  1009 

V.  State,  6926 

V.  Stevens,  71  Pa.  161;  636i 

V.  Stevens,  2  N.  &  McC.  493;  304 

V.  Stewart,  305 

V.  Sweet,  303 

i;.  Taylor,  803 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  107  N.  C. 
449;  45a,  894 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  64  Wis.  531; 
876,  883 

V.  Wood,  1  Hilt.  93;  667 

V.  Wood,  4  Q.  B.  493;  1268 

V.  Woodruil,  737 
Thorns  V.  Dingley,  164a,  762,  766 
Thomson  v.  Pentecost,  990c 

V.  Searcy,  692^ 

V.  Wooster,  1230,  1231 
Thomson-Houston  Electric  Co.  v.  Dur- 

ant  Land  Imp.  Co.,  109,  991 
Thomssen  v.  Hall  County,  692/ 
Thorenson  v.   Minneapolis   Harvester 

Works,  325 
Thoresen  v.  La  Crosse  City  Ry.,  680 
Thorington  ».  Smith,  278 
Thorley  v.  Pabst  Brewing  Co.,  987 
Thorn  v.  Gamer,  301c 

V.  KJiapp,  370,  637,  637o,  640a 

V.  Morgan,  742a 

V.  Smith,  3146,  326 
Thomborow  v.  Whitacre,  606c 
Thomdike  v.  Locke,  754 

V.  United  States,  301 
Thome  v.  Beas,  817 

V.  McVeagh,  156,  771 
Thornton  v.  Maine  S.  A.  Soc,  1367 

V.  Place,  657 

V.  Thompson,  762 

,j.  U.  S.  Ins.  Co.,  717 

V.  Wynn,  1039 
Thorntons  v.  Fitzhugh,  324a 
Thoroughgood  v.  Walker,  411,  413 
Thorp  V.  Bradley,  107a,  109 

V.  Carvalho,  1336 
Thorp,  The,  589 
Thorp's  Case,  1283 
Thorpe  v.  White,  673/ 
Thouron  v.  Skirvin,  361 
Thouvenin  v.  Lea,  1012a 
Thrall  ti.Lathrop,  317,  493 


Thrall  v.  Newell,  775 
Thrasher  ti.  Pime  County  R.  R.,  753 
Threatt  v.  Brewer  Mining  Co.,  947 
Three  States  Lumber  Co.  v.  Blanks, 

536a 
Threlkeld  v.  Fitzhugh,  959, 982 
Throop  V.  Broadus,  988a 

V.  Fowler,  937 
Thmstout  V.  Grey,  901 
Thuemler  v.  Brown,  999 
Thummel  v.  Dukes,  762 
Thurber  v.  Sprague,  305 
Thurman  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894c 

V.  Wilson,  753 
Thurmond  v.  Ash.  G.  W.  L.  Assoc,  74 
Thurston  v.  Hancock,  93a 

V.  Haskell,  237,  685fc 

V.  Martin,  1325 

V.  Prentiss,  801 

V.  St.  Joseph,  1110 

V.  Spratt,  239 
Thwing  V.    Great   Western    Ins.    Co., 

302a,  718,  724 
Tibbal  v.  Cahoom,  689o 
Tibbals  Oakum  Co.  v.  Meigs,  762 
Tibbies  v.  O'Connor,  689a 
Tice  V.  Munn,  1216 
Tickler  v.  Andrae  Mfg.  Co.,  667 
Tide  Water  Canal  Co.  v.  Archer,  1161 
Tidewater  Ry.  v.  Coan,  1149 

V.  Shartzer,  1123 
Tidwell  V.  Southern  E.  &  B.  Works,  417 
Tiedman  v.  O'Brien,  432 
Tiemann  v.  Citizens'  Ins.  Co.,  722 
Tieman  v.  Granger,  302 

V.  Hinman,  411 
Tietze  v.  International  &  G.  N.  R.  R., 

924 
Tiffany  v.  Lord,  60,  496 
Tifit  V.  Culver,  352,  363a 
Tifton,  T.  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Butler,  312 
Tighe  V.  Atchison,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  935a 
Tignor  v.  Toney,  363a,  364,  365,  374, 

989 
Tilburg  V.  Northern  Cent.  Ry.,  868 
Tilden  ti.  Blair,  302 

V.  Johnson,  499,  503,  933,  934 
Tilghman  v.  Mitchell,  1230 

V.  Proctor,  323,  1231,  1232,  1244 
Tillar  v.  Reynolds,  1367 


TABLE   OP   CASES 


3049 


[References 
Tilley  v.  American  B.  &  L.  Assoc,  410 
V.  Hudson  R.  R.  R.,  577 
V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 

572,  573o,  577 
V.  Montelius  Piano  Co.,  760 
Tillinghast  v.  McLeod,  447 

V.  Merrill,  692/ 
Tillinghast,  Styles  Co.  v.  Providence 

Cotton  Mills,  734 
Tillman  v.  Morton,  345 
Tillotson  V.  Cheetham,  351 
V.  Prichard,  962 
V.  Smith,  64,  99,  101 
Tills  V.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1354 
Tillson  V.  United  States,  338 
Tilly  V.  Mitchell  &  Lewis  Co.,  946 
Tilton  V.  Hamilton  F.  I.  Co.,  723a 

V.  James  L.  Gates  Land  Co.,  387 
Times  Pub.  Co.  v.  Carlisle,  368,  377, 

380,  448a 
Timkeh  v.  Olin,  1222 
Timmons  v.  Dunn,  1040,  1072 
Timms  v.  Shannon,  973 
Timor,  The,  201 
Tincley  v.  Jennison,  156 
Tindall,!).  Bell,  804 
V.  Meeker,  334 
Tindle's  Appeal,  755 
Tingley  v.  Cutler,  416 
V.  Providence,  1148 
V.  Times  Mirror  Co.,  385,  1307 
Tinkham  v.  Satori,  414 
Tinker  v.  Rockford,  1177 
Tinkle  v.  Dunivant,  1326 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  226/ 
Tinney  v.  New  Jersey  S.  B.  Co.,  1326 
Tinsman  v.  Belvidere  Dela.  R.  R.,  74, 

1112,  1183 
Tippin  V.  Ward,  90,  636i 
Tipton  V.  Feitner,  1059 
Timey  v.  Whiting,  976 
Tirrell  v.  Jones,  310a 
Tisdale  v.  Major,  136,  564,  565d,  682 

V.  Norton,  226to 
Tissot  V.  Great  S.  T.  &  T.  Co.,  933 
Title  G.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Commonwealth, 

693 
Tittle  V.  Kennedy,  375 
Tittlebaum  v.  Boehmcke,  473 
Titus  V.  Corkins,  234,  359,  372 


are  to  sections] 

Titus  V.  Poole,  763 
V.  Sumner,  446 
Titus  Street  in  City  of  New  York,  In  re, 

1151 
Toale  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  8816 
Tobey  v.  Barber,  798 

V.  Manufacturers'  Nat.  Bank,  1031 
Tobias  v.  People's  Ry.,  482,  483,  484, 

485 
Tobie  V.  Comrs.  of  Brown  Co.,  1129, 

1148 
Tobin  V.  French,  226g 
V.  Harford,  713 

V.  Missouri  Pac.  R.  R.,  571o,  12866 
V.  Post,  734 
V.  Shaw,  45,  637,  1307 
V.  South's  Adm'r,  310 
V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
V.  Wilson,  3406 
Tod  V.  Baylor,  921,  922 

0.  Wick,  695 
Todd  V.  Botchford,  334 

V.  Every  Evening  Printing  Co., 

443,  448a 
V.  Gamble,  636d,  636/,  734,  752 
V.  Jackson,  69 

V.  Kankakee  &  I.  R.  R.,  1154 
V.  Keene,  1076 
V.  Minneapolis  &  S.  L.  Ry.,  184, 

927 
V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  371a 
Tode  V.  Gross,  418 
Tolcott   V.   National   Exhibition   Co., 

1336 
Toledo  V.  Bayer,  1151 
V.  Grasser,  316 
V.  Libbie,  610,  615 
Toledo  &  O.  C.  R.  R.  v.  Festoria,  1152a 

V.  Wren,  857a 
Toledo,  A.  A.  &  G.  T.  Ry.  v.  Dunlap, 

1175 
Toledo,  A.  A.  &  N.  M.  Ry.  v.  Lott,  664 
Toledo  C.  S.  Co.  v.  Moneyweight  Scale 

Co.,  1229 
Toledo,  P.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Johnston,  318, 

432o 
Toledo  R.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Mason,  1371 
Toledo,  S.  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Gordon,  380 

V.  Kountz,  1332 
Toledo,  W.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Baddeley,  485 


S050 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Toledo,  W.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Roberts,  363, 
603 

V.  Smith,  490 
Toles  V.  Cole,  676 
ToU  V.  HiUer,  343 
ToUeson  v.  Poset,  385 
Tomkinson  v.  Bruner,  1230 

V.  Willets  Mfg.  Co.,  1235 
Tomlinson  v.  Derby,  1269,  1270 

V.  Quigley,  1048 

V.  Wilmington  &  S.  C.  R.  R.,  383a, 
865 
Tompkins  v.  Dudley,  655c 

V.  Haas,  755 

V.  Kanawha  Board,  1298 

V.  Tompkins,  3116 

t).  Wadley,  641 

V.  West,  486 
Tompkins  Co.  v.  Dallas  Cotton  Mills, 
735c 

V.  Galveston  St.  Ry.,  153 
Tompson  v.  Mussey,  458 
Toms  V.  Boyes,  3016 

V.  Wilson,  82 
Tone  V.  Wilson,  975,  1053 
Tong  V.  Matthews,  959 
Tongue  v.  Nutwell,  914,  915 
Tonica  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  Unsicker,  1165 
Tooke  V.  Bonds,  339a 
Tooker  v.  Alston,  1030 
Toomey  v.  Atyoe,  622a 

V.  Delaware,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.,  1336 
Tootle  V.  Clifton,  98,  940 

V.  Kent,  436 
Topeka  v.  Martineau,  1293 

V.  Sells,  1149 

V.  Tuttle,  124 
Toplitz  V.  Baur,  259,  623 

V.  King  Bridge  Co.,  1261 
Topolewski  v.  Plankington  Packing  Co., 

380 
Topsham  v.  Lisbon,  243o,  941 
Torbet  v.  McReynolds,  3116 
Toronto    First    Unitarian    Congrega- 
tion V.  Western  Assur.  Co.,  726 
Toronto  Ry.  v.  Grinsted,  150 
Torp  V.  Gulseth,  82 

V.  Mayor,  1046 
Torre  v.  Summers,  637 
Torreyson  v.  United  Rys,  Co.,  1354 


Torry  v.  Black,  59 
Totten  V.  Burhams,  777 

V.  Read,  638 
Toulaine  E.  F.  Admr  «;.  Baccich  &  De- 

Montluzin,  1011 
Toulmin  v.  Sager,  278 
Toussaint  v.  Martinnant,  784,  789 
Tourtelotte    v.    Westchester    Electric 

Ry.,  1370 
Towaliga  Falls  Power  Co.  v.  Sims,  124 
Towers  v.  Barrett,  760   , 
Towle  V.  Blake,  363a,  364,  365,  366,  372 

V.  Lawrence,  53,  1028 

V.  Lovet,  262 

».  Towle,  685 
Town  V.  Harlam,  497ff 
Townsend  v.  Briggs,  88  Cal.  230;  1371 

V.  Briggs,  99  Cal.  481;  485a 

V.  Joplin,  1349 

V.  Libbey,  550 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  865 

V.  Nickerson  Wharf  Co.,  167,  185, 
984 

V.  Paola,  86c 

V.  PhilUps,  557 

V.  Riley,  339a,  345 

w.  Simon,  755 
Townsend's  Case,  1122 
Townsend,  Lord,  v.  Hughes,  349, 1368 
Townshend  v.  Minneapolis  C.  S.  Co., 
1040 

V.  Shepard,  734 
Townsley  v.  Yeutsch,  1335 
Towsley  v.  Wythes,  302 
Trabing   v.   California    Navigation   & 
Imp.  Co.,  121  Cal.  137;  380 

V.  CaUfornia  N.  &  I.  Co.,  133  Cal. 
xx;  1342 
Traction  Co.  v.  Dunn,  1131 

V.  Jordan,  1148 

V.  Ramer,  1148 
Tracy  v.  Albany  E.  Co.,  996 

V.  Butters,  944 

V.  Gunn,  1007,  1010 

V.  Hackett,  386 

V.  New  York  &  Harlem  R.  R.,  531 

V.  Swartwout,  383a,  428 

V.  Talmage,  265 
Tradesman  Co.  v.  Superior  Mfg.  Co., 
633/ 


TABLE  Of  CASES 


[References 

Trafford  v.  Hubbard,  182 

Train  v.  Gold,  802 

Trainer  v.  Wolff,  363a,  366,  373 

Trammell  v.  Vaughan,  637o,  638,  638a, 

638b 
Transit,  The,  592,  595 
Transportation  Co.  v.  Chicago,  93a, 
1112,  1116 

V.  O'Neil,  426o 
Trapnall  v.  McAfee,  257 
Trapp  V.  McClellam,  119 
Trask  v.  Hallowell  Granite  Wks.,  1349 

V.  Hamburger,  734 

V.  Hartford  &  E.  R.  R.,  856 
Traut-Ditmar  Const.  Co.  v.  Hartman, 

411 
Travelers'  Ins.  Co.  v.  Fricke,  332 

V.  Parker,  664 
Traver  v.  Eighth  Ave.  R.  R.,  486c 
Travers  v.  Kansas  P.  Ry.,  379,  380 
Travis  v.  Barger,  1325,  1326,  1328 

V.  Duffau,  126c 
Travis  County  v.  Trogden,  1143 
Trawiok  v.  Martin-Brown  Co.,  359, 467, 
564,  565d 

V.  Peoria  &  F.  C.  St.  Ry.,  667 
Treaders'  Ins.  Co.  v.  Pacaud,  726 
Treadwell  v.  Davis,  76 

V.  Tillis,  106 

«.  Whittier,  1262 
Treanor  v.  Donahoe,  1326 

V.  New  York  Breweries  Co.,  622 
Treasurers  v.  Buckner,  692 

V.  Clowney,  692^ 

V.  HiUiard,  692i 
Treat  v.  Barber,  43y,  929 

V.  Browning,  448d,  451 

V.  Gilmore,  82 

V.  Hiles,  625 

V.  Staples,  529 
Trebilock  v.  Wilson,  270 
Trecartin  v.  The  Rochambeau,  269 
Trefethen  v.  Locke,  667 
Trelawney  v.  Colman,  1290 

V.  Thomas,  285,  304 
Tremaine  v.  Hitchcock,  1230 
Tremont,  The,  593 
Trenholm  v.  Bumpfield,  334 
Trent  v.  Rhomberg,  688a 
Trent  and  Humber  Co.,  In  re,  196,  857 


3051 

are  to  sections] 

Trent-Stoughton  v.   Barbados  Water 

Supply  Co.,  1084 
Trentman  v.  Wiley,  237,  682,  682o 
Trenton  M.  L.  &  F.  I.  Co.  v.  Johnson, 

729 
Trester  v.  Pike,  685A; 
Tretter  v.  Chicago  G.  W.  Ry.,  937 
Treweek  v.  Howard,  692j 
Tribune  Co.  v.  Bradshaw,  610,  618 
Tribune  Assoc,  v.  FoUwell,  451 
Trigg  V.  Clay,  156,  162,  740 

V.  Northcut,  86 

V.  St.  Louis,  K.  C.  &  N.  Ry.,  42, 
864,  866 
Trigg  Candy  Co.  v.  Emmett  Shaw  Co., 

734 
Triggs  V.  Jones,  829 
Trimble  v.  Kansas  City  P.  &  G.  R.  R., 
314 

V.  Keer  R.  M.  Co.,  533,  536,  540 

V.  Moore,  335 

V.  New  York  Cent.  R.  R.,  873 
Trinder  v.  Thames  M.  I.  Co.,  710 
Trinidad  A.  M.  Co.  v.  Buckstaff  Bros. 

Mfg.  Co.,  753 
Trinidad  National  Bank  v.  Denver  Na- 
tional Bank,  820 
Trinity  &  S.  Ry.  v.  O'Brien,  484,  491 

V.  Schofield,  937 
Trinity  Church  v.  Higgins,  48  N.  Y. 
532;  789,  790 

V.  Higgins,  4  Rob.  372;  972 
Trinity  College  v.  Hartford,  1148 

V.  Hill,  336 
Triolo  V.  Fo.ster,  1270a 
Triplett  V.  Gill,  966 
Tripp  V.  Bishop,  651,  1023 

V.  Forsaith  Mach.,Co.,  753,  755 

V.  Grouner,  363,  493,  990a 
Tri-State  Telephone  &  Tel.  Co.  v.  Cos- 
griff,  96,  11496,  1166e 
Triston  v.  Barrington,  1074 
Trompen  v.  Hammond,  334 
Trosper  v.  Comrs.  of  Saline  Co.,  1148 
Trotier    v.    St.    Louis,   etc.,    R.    R., 

1160a 
Trotter  v.  Grant,  310 

V.  Stayton,  910 

V.  Tousey,  734 
Trout  V.  Kennedy,  250 


3052 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


[References 

Trout  V.  Watkins  L.  &  U.  Co.,  164o, 

370,  371a 
Troutman  v.  Gowing,  270 
Trowbridge  v.  Brookline,  1119 

V.  Holcomb,  279c 
Trower  v.  Elder,  413 
Trower  Bros.  Co.  v.  Hanson,  695a 
Troy  V.  Cheshire  R.  R.,  95,  924,  1110, 
1261 

^.  Clarke,  1256b 

V.  Rogers,  682o 
Troy  &  Boston  R.  R.  v.  Lee,  1146, 1149, 
1185 

V.  Northern  Turnpike  Co.,  1115, 
1185 
Troy  Fertilizer  Co.  v.  Logan,  667 
Troy  I.  &  N.  Factory  v.  Coming,  1230 
Troy  L.  M.  Co.  v.  Dolph,  98, 192 
Truby  v.  American  N.  G.  Co.,  924a 
Truckee  Lodge  v.  Wood,  99,  793 
Trudeau,  The,  595 

True  V.  International  T.  Co.,  169, 208a, 
876,  882 

V.  Plumley,  443,  451 
Truesdale  v.  Watts,  657 
Trugg  V.  St.  Louis,  K.  C.  &  N.  Ry.,  43/ 
Truitt  V.  Fahey,  614 
Trull  V.  Granger,  984,  986,  1011 
Trumbo  v.  Lockridge,  973 
Trumbull  v.  School  Dist.,  96 
Trump  V.  Baltzell,  310a 
Trunkey  v.  Hedstrom,  734 
Truro,  The,  599 
Trust  Co.  V.  Floyd,  836,  837 
Trustees'  Church  Home  v.  Morris,  301c 
Trustees  of  College  Point  v.  Dennett, 

1171 
Tubbs  V.  Van  Kleek,  639 
Tubular  Rivet  &  Stud  Co.  v.  Exeter 

Boot  &  Shoe  Co.,  222 
Tuck  V.  Hartford  F.  Ins.  Co.,  726 

V.  Moses,  532 
Tucker  v.  Buffalo  Cotton  Mills,  226/ 

V.  Chaplin,  585 

V.  Clarke,  977 

V.  Cole,  934a 

V.  Deering  S.  W.  Ry.,  6476 

V.  Grover,  314,  315 

V.  Horn,  675 

D.  Ives,  310 


are  to  sections] 

Tucker  v.  Mass.  Cent.  R.  R.,  11655 

V.  Newman,  74 

V.  Oxley,  1032 

V.  Parks,  1261 

V.  Philadelphia  &  R.  C.  &  I.  Co., 
664 

V.  Preston,  671 

V.  Richards,  3116 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  363 

V.  State,  303 

V.  Watson,  340c 

V.  Winders,  366,  385 

V.  Wright,  54 
Tuckwell  V.  Lambert,  441 
Tudor  V.  Lewis,  5656 

V.  Macomber,  717 
Tuers  v.  Tuers,  829 
Tuffli  V.  Ohio  L.  Ins.,  etc.,  Co.,  325 
Tufts  V.  Adams,  106,  962,  967,  968,  973, 
974 

V.  Atlantic  Tel.  Co.,  416 

V.  Bennett,  107a,  753 

V.  Charlestown,  1168 

V.  Grewer,  752,  753 

V.  Lawrence,  758 

V.  Mabie,  762 

V.  Plymouth  Gold  Min.  Co.,  607, 
687 

V.  Weinfeld,  752 
Tuggle  V.  Hamilton,  980 
Tuley  V.  State,  6926 
TuUer  v.  Carter,  317 
Tulley  V.  Corrie,  456 
TulUdge  V.  Wade,  350,  475 
TuUis  V.  McClary,  226a 
Tullock  V.  Mulvane,  685/ 
Tully  V.  Dunn,  999/ 

V.  F.  R.  R.,  W7d 

V.  Harloe,  533 

V.  New  York  &  T.  S.  S.  Co.,  1359 

jj.  Philadelphia,  etc.,  R.  R.,  584 
Tunis  V.  Grandy,  999d 
Tunison  v.  Cramer,  678 
Tunnel  M.  &  L.  Co.  v.  Cooper,  1350 
Tunnicliffe  v.  Bay  Cities  C.  Ry.,  486 
Tunno  v.  Fludd,  1053 
Turck  V.  Chicago,  1367 
Turkendall  v.  Veough,  968 
Turnbow  v.  Wimberiy,  372,  487a 
Turner  v.  Beall,  278 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3053 


[References 
Turner  v.  Brooks,  1006 

V.  Dawson,  298 

V.  Footman,  487a 

V.  FoxaU,  451 

V.  Fremont,  416 

V.  Gibbs,  125a,  1041 

V.  Gonzales,  915 

V.  Goodrich,  979,  983 

V.  Grand  Rapids,  655 

V.  Hardcastle,  81 

V.  Hardin,  1334 

V.  Hawkeye  T.  Co.,  885 

V.  Hearst,  444a 

V.  Hitchcock,  36a 

V.  Johnson,  307 

V.  Lamb,  210 

V.  Lord,  678,  1012 

V.  Mason,  650 

V.  Mellier,  6367i 

V.  Miller,  959,  983 

».  Mo.  Pac.  Ry.,  1154e 

«.  Moon,  970 

».  N.  B.  &  M.  R.  R.,  380 

V.  Norfolk  &  W.  R.  R.,  377o,  5716, 
573a 

V.  Retter,  1044 

V.  Rising  S.  &  L.  T.  Co.,  929a 

V.  Robinson,  674 

V.  Sisson,  692i 

V.  Southern  Ry.,  226c,  873 

V.  State,  1154a 

V.  Stevens,  1335 

V.  Watkms,  3406 

V.  Webster,  650,  671 

V.  Younker,  435,  435a,  537,  565a 

V.  Williams,  3116 
Turnpike  v.  Boone,  372 
Turnpike  Co.  v.  Fry,  81,  83 

V.  Kelley,  685 
Turnpike  Road  v.  Brosi,  1154a 
Tumipseed  ».  Fitzpatiick,  914,  916 
Turpic  V.  Lowe,  153a,  622 
Turpin  v.  Sledd,  270 
Turrill  v.  Illinois  C.  R.  R.,  1244 

V.  Michigan  S.  &  N.  I.  R.  R.,  1231, 
1244 
Turton  v.  New  York  Recorder  Co.,  144 
N.  Y.  144;  446,  453 

V.   New  York  Recorder  Co.,   22 
N.  Y.  Supp.  766;  1335 


are  to  sections] 

Tuskegee  L.  &  S.  Co.  i;.  Birmingham 

Realty  Co.,  973 
Tustin  V.  Sammons,  924 
Tuteur  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  574, 

574a 
Tuthill  V.  Morris,  3406 

V.  Scott,  99 
Tuton  V.  Thayer,  803 
Tutt  V.  Land,  310a 
Tuttle  V.  Atlantic  City  Ry.,  43ft 

V.  Bisbee,  1032 

V.  Brown,  762 

V.  Claflin,  62  Fed.  453;  1243 

V.  Claflin,  76  Fed.  227;  1232a 

V.  Farmington,  228 

V.  Gaylord,  1233 

V.  Gilbert  Manuf.  Co.,  992 

V.  Kent,  435 

V.  Loomis,  1233 

V.  Tompkins,  1047 

V.  Walker,  931 

V.  White,  934 

V.  Wilson,  504,  933,  934 
Tuttle-Chapman  Coal  Co.  v.  Coaldale 

Fuel  Co.,  738 
Tutwiler  v.  Bums,  642 
Tutwiler  C.  C.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Enslen,  574a 

V.  Nail,  1334 
Twambly  v.  Henley,  956 
Twenty-second  Corp.  v.  Oregon  S.  L. 

R.  R.,  1123 
Twick  V.  Marshall  S.  M.  Co.,  676 
Twin  L.  H.  G.  M.  Synd.  v.  Colorado 

M.  R.  R.,  1171a 
Twinam  v.  Swart,  537 
Twitty  V.  McGuire,  660,  662 
Twohig  V.  Brown,  973 
Twohy  Mercantile  Co.  v.  Melbye,  341 
Twomley  v.  Central,  P.  N.  &  E.  R.  R. 

R.,  43A 
Twycross  v.  Grant,  779 
Twyman  v.  Knowles,  70 
Tye  V.  Gwynne,  1036 
Tyers  v.  Rosedale  &  F.  I.  Co.,  734,  737 
TVgart  V.  Albritton,  193,  616 
Tyler  K.  ^tna  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  729, 1034 

V.  Bailey,  652 

V.  Bowen,  364 

V.  Hudson,  1160a 

V.  Marsh,  6226 


3054 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Tyler  v.  Moody,  767 

V.  Pomeroy,  47,  126d 

V.  Safford,  236,  237 

V.  Salley,  637,  638b,  639 

V.  Third  Ave.  R.  R.,  1262 

V.  Ulmer,  5656 

V.  Walker,  695c 

0.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  875,  884 
Tyler  Car  &  Lumber  Co.  v.  Wetter- 
mark,  735c 
Tyler  Mining  Qo.v.  Last  Chance  Min- 
ing Co.,  685,  685e 
Tyler  S.  E.  Ry.  v.  McMahon,  1367 

V.  Rasberry,  67o,  577,  1367 
Tylor  V.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  228c 
Tyly  V.  Morrice,  851 
Tynberg  v.  Cohn,  565c 
Tyng  V.  American  Surety  Co.,  682a 

V.  Commercial  Warehouse  Co.,  497 
Tynemouth  v.  Northumberland,  In  re, 

1084,  1086 
Tyre  v.  Wilson,  692d 
Tjree  v.  Parham,  310 
Tyrer  v.  King,  1002 
Tyrus  v.  Kansas  City,  F.  S.  &  M.  R. 

R.,  932 
Tyson  v.  Booth,  487a 

V.  Chestnut,  988 

V.  Ewing,  363,  376 

V.  Milwaukee,  316,  1154c 

V.  Pryor,  599c 

V.  Sanderson,  678 

V.  State  Bank,  819 

u 

Ubricht  v.  Eufaula  Water  Co.,  101 

Uertz  V.  Singer  Mfg.  Co.,  1262 

Uhe  V.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  318 

UMelder  v.  Ins.  Co.,  725 

Uhl  V.  Small,  910 

Uhle  V.  Philadelphia,  1154c 

Uhlig  V.  Bamum,  2126 

Ulbricht  v.  Eufaula  Water  Co.,  99 

Uldrich  v.  Gilmore,  1251 

TJline  v.  New  York  Central  &  H.  R.  R. 

R.,  93,  95,  1187,  1190,  1195 
Ulit  V.  Biggs,  226a 
UUman  v.  Babcock,  734 
V.  Barnard,  76 


UUman  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  851 

V.  Devereux,  73 
Ullmann  v.  Kent,  753,  756 
Ulrich  V.  New  York  Press  Co.,  363,  366 

V.  Ulrich,  673d 
Ulrick  V.  Dakota  Loan  &  T.  Co.,  93a, 

925,  932,  939 
Ulster  County  Savings  Institution  v. 
Ostrander,  694 

V.  Young,  6926 
Umbria,  The,  166  U.  S.  404;  594 
Umbria,  The,  59  Fed.  489;  67,  596 
Underhill  v.  Agawam  M.  F.  I.  Co.,  720 

V.  Gaff,  304,  310,  311 

V.  Spencer,  685m 

V.  Taylor,  449 

V.  Welton,  443 
Underwood  v.  Old  Colony  St.  Ry.,  574, 
1367 

V.  Parks,  452 
Unexcelled  Fireworks  v.  Politics,  753 
Unfried  v.  Baltimore  &  O.  R.  R.,  1331 
Uniacke  v.  Chicago,  etc.,  R.  R.,  331a 
Union  v.  Durkes,  1330 
Union  Bank  v.  Blanchard,  762 

V.  LobdeU,  339a 

V.  Pmner,  973 

V.  Rideau  Lumber  Co.,  933,  934 

V.  Thompson,  694 
Union  Central  L.  I.  Co.  v.  Bernard,  730 

V.  McHugh,  730 

V.  Poettker,  730 
Union  Coal  Mining  Co.  v.  McAdam, 

1021 
Union  Depot  &  Ry.  v.  Brunswick,  1151 

V.  Londoner,  482a 

V.  Smith,  1327,  1336 
Union  El.  R.  R.,  Matter  of  the,  1204 
Union  G.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Robinson,  676 
Union  Institution  v.  Boston,  326 
Union  Ins.  Co.  v.  Central  Trust  Co., 

687 
Union  L.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Erie  Ry.,  405 
Union  Mill  Co.  v.  Prenzler,  362,  3836, 

1343 
Union  Nat.  Bank  v.  Cross,  565o,  5656, 
565c 

V.  Roberts,  703 
Union  P.  D.  &  G.  Ry.  v.  Williams,  246, 
251 


TABLE   OF  CASES 


3055 


[References 
Union  Pacific  Ry.  v.  Connolly,  1356 
V.  Dunden,  86b,  172o,  575,  1367 
V.  Goodridge,  857a 
V.  Hammerlund,  490 
V.  Hand,  1326 
V.  Hause,  359,  1326 
V.  Jones,  49  Fed.  343;  172a 
V.  Jones,  21  Colo.  340;  486a,  486c 
V.  Milliken,  481 
V.  Mitchell,  1331 
V.  Ray,  317,  318 
V.  Shook,  606 

V.  Travelers'  Ins.  Co.,  636n,  999 
Union  R.  R.  &  T.  Co.  v.  Traube,  844 
Union  Ry.  v.  Hunton,  1179 

V.  Raine,  1152a 
Union  Refining  Co.  v.  Barton,  834c 
Union  Savings  Bank  &  Trust  Co.  v. 

Gelbach,  324a 
Union  Selling  Co.  v.  Jones,  762 
Union  S.  S.  Co.  ».  New  York  S.  S.  Co., 

587 
Union    Stove   &    Machine   Works   v. 

Breidenstein,  690 
Union  T.  R.  R.  v.  Moore,  1165a 

V.  Feet  Bros.  Mfg.  Co.,  1154,  1171 
V.  Pfeil,  1148 
Union  Trust  Co.  v.  Citizens'  Trust  Co., 
794 
V.  Cuppy,  93 
Union  Village  &  Johnsonville  Railroad, 

In  re,  1185 
Union  W.  P.  Co.  v.  Lewiston,  316 

V.  Pingree,  9996 
Uniontown  v.  Berry,  908 
United  Coal  Co.  v.  Cannon  City  Coal 

Co.,  935 
United  Engineering  &  C.  Co.  w.  Broad- 

nax,  617 
United  Horseshoe  Co.  v.  Stewart,  1220 
United  M.  R.  &  I.  Co.  v.  American  Bill 

Posting  Co.,  633/ 
United  Merthyr  Collieries  Co.,  In  re, 

602,  935 
United  Nickel  Co.  v.  Central  P.  R.  R., 

1222 
United  Power  Co.  v.  Matheny,  860,  865 
United  Press  v.  N.  Y.  Press  Co.,  1076 
United  R.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Cloman,  1309 
V.  McDonald,  679o 


are  to  sections] 

United  R.  &  E.  Co.  v.  Wehr,  737 
United  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Abbott,  423 

V.  Holt,  496 
U.  S.  V.  Addison,  569,  688o 

V.  Alcorn,  676 

V.  Arnold,  678 

V.  Bayard,  338 

V.  Behan,  192,  616,  752 

V.  Bethlehem  Steel  Co.,  408,  419 

V.  Brindle,  673e 

V.  Broadhead,  686 

V.  Buchanan,  1031 

V.  Burgdorf,  6796 

V.  Butler,  305,  311a,  340 

V.  Certain  Lands  in  Town  of  Nar- 
ragansett,  1161 

V.  Curtis,  305,  692/ 

V.  Denvir,  305 

V.  Dudley,  6926 

V.  Dumplin  Island,  II660 

V.  Eccles,  934 

V.  Eckford,  692(i 

V.  Eggleston,  310 

V.  Fitzsimmons,  310 

V.  Floyd,  614 

V.  Gentry,  934 

V.  Grizzard,  1116,  1165a 

V.  Hatch,  416a,  676 

V.  Hielner,  504,  934 

V.  Homestake  Min.  Co.,  934,  935 

V.  Honolulu  Plantation  Co.,  1149 

V.  Inlots,  1169 

».  January,  692e 

V.  Kirkpatrick,  692d 

V.  Land  in  Monterey  Co.,  1174 

V.  Lewis  Pub.  Co.,  677 

V.  Macdaniel,  1285 

V.  M'Dowell,  1285 

».  Magoon,  935 

V.  Martin,  673d 

V.  Montell,  416a 

V.  Moore,  692i 

V.  Morgan,  11  How.  154;  563 

V.  Morgan,  99  Fed.  570;  599c 

V.  N.  CaroUna,  338 

V.  Oteri,  416a 

V.  Pine  River  L.  &  I.  Co.,  226(f, 
494,  506a 

V.  Pingree,  416o 

V.  Poulson,  302a 


3056  TABLE 

[References 

U.  S.  V.  Prescott,  692/ 

V.  Robeson,  1031 

V.  Sanborn,  340 

V.  Sargent,  338 

V.  Seufert  Bros.  Co.,  1171e 

V.  Smith,  94  U.  S.  214;  30,  213, 
613 

V.  Smith,  110  Fed.  338;  1174 

V.  Speed,  613,  614 

V.  Spencer,  6926 

V.  Taffee,  78  Fed.  524;  11716 

V.  Taffee,  86  Fed.  830;  1161 

V.  Taylor,  360,  363,  368,  373 

V.  Teller,  503 

V.  The  Union,  1285 

V.  Ute  C.  &  C.  Co.,  935 

V.  Walker,  677 

V.  Wann,  692 

V.  Watts,  692/ 

V.  Welsh,  1178 

V.  West,  692a 

V.  Withers,  636/ 
U.  S.  Bank  v.  Chapin,  325 

V.  Magill,  302o 
United  States  Brewing  Co.  v.  Stolten- 

berg,  575 
United  States  Exp.  Co.  v.  Backman, 
851 

V.  Haines,  854,  856 

V.  Koemer,  109 

V.  Meints,  76 

V.  Wahl,  47 
United  States  F.  &  G.  Co.  v.  American 
Blower  Co.,  7696 

V.  Hows,  682a 

V.  Jones,  6856 

V.  Milstead,  692 
United  States  M.  A.  Assoc,  v.  Barry, 

732 
U.  S.  Mortgage  Co.  v.  Sperry,  327, 346, 

411 
United  States  Tel.  Co.  v.  Gildersleve, 
876,  890 

V.  Wenger,  882 
U.  S.  Trust  Co.  V.  O'Brien,  148,  999fc 
United  Steamship  Co.  v.  Haskins,  852 
United  Surety  Co.  v.  Summers,  419 
Universal  L.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Binford,  730 
University  of  Louisville  v.  Hammock, 
1345 


OF  CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Unsell  V.  Hartford  L.  &  Annuity  Ins. 

Co.,  302 
Untermeyer  v.  Freund,  1235 
Upcher  v.  Oberlender,  1334 
Upchurch  v.  Robertson,  361,  364,  377 
Updegraff  v.  Lesem,  998 
Updegrove  v.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1177 

V.  Zimmerman,  446a,  452 
Updike  V.  Ten  Broeck,  308a,  671 
Upham  V.  Barbour,  497c 

V.  Worcester,  1147 
Upson  C.  &  M.  Co.  V.  Williams,  932 
Upstone  V.  Weir,  615 
Upton  V.  Hume,  446,  448i 

V.  Julian,  1050,  1059 

V.  So.  Reading  Branch  R.  R.,  1129, 
1147 

V.  Times-Democrat  Pub.  Co.,  1335 

V.  Vail,  32 
Uransky  v.  Dry  Dock,  E.  B.  &  B.  R.  R., 

486 
Uren  v.  Golden  Tunnel  Min.  Co.,  1355 
Urquhart  v.  Mclver,  707 
Ursula  I.  Co.  v.  Amsinck,  713 
Usher  v.  Hiatt,  121d 

V.  Noble,  712,  714 

V.  Scranton  Ry.,  1372 
Utah  Optical  Co.  v.  Keith,  988 
Utica  Bank  v.  Finch,  688a 
Utica,  C.  &  S.  V.  R.  R.,  Be,  1146, 1164, 

1185 
Utica  R.  R.  V.  Gates,  968,  979 
Utopia,  The,  594 
Uttendorffer  v.  Saegers,  74 
Utter  V.  Chapman,  211,  858 
Utterson  v.  Vernon,  908 
Uttley  V.  Local  Board  of  Health,  1089 


VadebonccEur  v.  Mason,  1275 
Vail  V.  Jersey  Little  Falls  Manuf.  Co., 
664 

V.  Junction  R.  R.,  959,  964 

V.  Nickerson,  335 

V.  Reynolds,  777 
Valente  v.  Weinberg,  6566 
Valenti  v.  Sierra  Ry.,  577 
Valentine  v.  Ruste,  301c 

V.  Wheeler,  793 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


3057 


Vallens  v.  Tillman,  622a 

ValUer  v.  Walsh,  1008 

Vallo  V.  U.  S.  Exp.  Co.,  43A,  219 

Valparaiso  v.  Moffit,  924 

Valparaiso  C.  W.  W.  v.  Dickover,  941 

Valpy  V.  Oakeley,  734 

Van  Alen  v.  Rogers,  902 

Van  Allen  v.  Illinois  C.  R.  R.,  736 

Van  Arman  v.  Byington,  664 

Van  Arsdale  v.  Joiner,  80 

V.  Rundel,  162,  740 
Vanatta  v.  Vanatta,  682 
Van  Benschooten  v.  Lawson,  343 

».  Yaple,  451 
Van  Bentham  v.  Osage  County,  1173 
Van  BenthuySon  v.  De  Witt,  676 
Van  Beuren  v.  Van  Gaasbeck,  310 
Vanblaricum  v.  State,  1148 
Van  Brocklen  v.  Smeallie,  140  N.  Y.  70; 
753,  755 

V.  Smeallie,  64  Hun,  467;  1023 
Van  Brocklin  v.  Brantford,  996 
Van  Brunt  v.  Aheam,  1194 

V.  Cincinnati,  J.  &  M.  R.  R.,  573 

V.  Schenck,  5S 
Van  Buren  v.  Digges,  410,  1039 

V.  Fishkill  Water  Works  Co.,  71, 
1157 

V.  Van  Gaasbeck,  3146 
Van  Buskirk  v.  Dunlap,  70 

V.  Quincy,  D.  &  K.  C.  R.  R.,  1261, 
1267 
Vance  v.  Congressional  Township,  911 

V.  Evans,  304 

V.  Forster,  721 

V.  House,  973 

V.  Lancaster,  806 

V.  McBumett,  763 

V.  Shreveport  First  Nat.  Bank,  310 

V.  Toum6,  519,  763 
Vancleave  v.  Clark,  633a 
Van  Cleve  ».  St.  Louis,  M.  &  S.  E.  R.  R., 
124  Mo.  App.  224;  1270a 

V.  St.  Louis,  M.  &  S.  E.  Ry.,  137 
Mo.  App.  332,  1362 
Van  Clief  v.  Van  Vechten,  656 
Vandalia  Coal  Co.  v.  Yemm,  44 
Van  De  Bogart  v.  Marinette  &  M.  P. 

Co.,  1354 
Vandegrift  v.  Abbott,  209,  992 

192 


Vandenburgh  v.  Truax,  111/ 

Vanderberg  v.  Connoly,  462,  463,  686a 

Vaaderpool  v.  Richardson,  45, 637, 639a 

Vanderslice  v.  Philadelphia,  947 

Vanderveer  v.  Moran,  486c 

Vander  Velde  v.  Leroy,  123 

Van  de  Sande  v.  Hall,  1041 

Van  Deusen  v.  Young,  74,  933,  960 

Vandevoort  v.  Gould,  307,  919 

Van  Dieman's  Land  Co.  v.  Cockerell, 

257 
Vandine  v.  Burpee,  1291 
Vandiver  v.  O'Gorman,  497e 

V.  Waller,  5656,  682,  682a,  683 
Van  Dorn  v.  Mengedoht,  615 
Van  Dusan  v.  Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  865 
Van  Dusen  v.  Letellier,  485o 
Vandyke  v.  Brown,  821 
Van  Epps  ;;.  Harrison,  1027,  1040, 1052 
Van  Etten  v.  Kosters,  681 

V.  Newton,  857 
Van  Eyken  v.  Erie  R.  R.,  590 
Van  Fossen  v.  Clark,  1310o 
Van  Giesen  v.  Van  Houten,  301 
Van  Gordon  v.  Ormsby,  341 
Van  Hise  v.  Board  of  Supervisors,  303 
Van  Hoozer  v.  Van  Hoozer,  685 
Van  Hoozier  v.  Hannibal  &  St.  J.  R.  R., 

93 
Van  Horn  v.  Kermit,  873 
V.  Redman,  537 
V.  Rucker,  755 
Van  Husan  v.  Kanouse,  345 
Van  Husen  v.  Omaha  Bridge,  etc.,  R.  R., 

1151 
Van  Jellieo  Min.  Co.  v.  Rollins,  1334 
Van  Kamen  v.  Roes,  414 
Van  Keuren  v.  Miller,  90 
Van  Lew  v.  Parr,  973 
Van  Lindley  v.  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R., 

854 
Vann  v.  Lunsford,  746 
Vannatta  t'.  Vannatta,  682o 
Van  Ness  v.  Fisher,  194 
Van  Olinda  v.  Hall,  4806,  1338 
Van  Orman  v.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry., 

1354 
Van  Orsdol  v.  B.  C.  R.  &  N.  Ry.,  95 
Van  Ostrand  v.  Reed,  798 
Van  Pelt  v.  Corwine,  673o 


3058 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Van  Pelt  v.  Davenport,  942 

V.  littler,  564 

V.  McGraw,  73 
Van  Rensselaer  v.  Bradley,  999(Z 

V.  Gallup,  999d 

V.  Jewett,  5  Den.  135;  313a,  999o 

V.  Jewett,  2  N.  Y.  135;  307,  313, 
313a 

V.  Jones,  307,  313a,  999d 

V.  Mould,  936 

V.  Platner,  313a,  999a 

V.  Radcliffe,  931 
Van  Riper  v.  Morton,  310 

V.  Williams,  973 
Van  Schaick  v.  Lese,  1017 

V.  Ramsey,  80 

V.  Sigel,  218 

V,  Trotter,  1280 
Van  Schoick  v.  Canal  Co.,  1110,  1164 

V.  Van  Schoick,  106 
Van  Size  v.  Long  Island  R.  R.,  1175 
Van  Steenburgh  v.  Tobias,  36o 
Vanstone  v.  Hopkins,  739 
Van  Storch  v.  Griffen,  641 
Van  Tassell  v.  Wakefield,  916 
Vant  Hul  v.  Great  Northern  Ry.,  1359 
Vantine  v.  The  Lake,  589,  593 
Van  Valkenburgh  v.  Evertson,  762 

V.  Fuller,  336 
Van  Veghten  v.  Hudson  R.  P.  T.  Co., 

924,  932 
Van  Velsor  v.  Seeberger,  1027 
Van  Vlut  V.  Adair,  276 
Van  Vranken  v.  Kansas  City  E.  Ry., 

1352 
Van  Waggoner  v.  McEwen,  973 

V.  New  York  Cement  Co.,  1292 
Van  Wart  v.  WooUey,  812,  813,  814 
Van  Werden  v.  Equitable  L.  Assn.  So- 
ciety, 439c,  730 

V.  Winslow,  1069 
Van  Winkle  v.  Johnson,  808 

V.  Satterfield,  667 

V.  United  States  M.  S.  Co.,  844 

I).  Wilkms,   134a,   165,  762,  767, 
1051 
Van  Wyck  v.  Allen,  191,  768 

V.  AUiger,  482 

V.  Montrose,  676 
Van  Zandt  v.  The  Mayor,  956 


Vaulx  V.  Herman,  1330 

Vautier  v.  Atlantic  Refining  Co.,  937 

Vaughan  v.  Bibb,  311d 

V.  Howe,  308 

V.  Kennan,  345,  339a 

V.  Reddick,  623 

V.  Smith,  339a 

V.  Taff  Vale  Ry.  Co.,  33 

V.  Webster,  493 
Vaughan  &  Telegraph,  The,  2  Ben.  47; 

593,  596 
Vaughan  &  Telegraph,  The,  14  Wall. 

258;  844 
Vaughan's  Seed  Store  v.  Stringfellow, 

191 
Vaughn  v.  Farmers'  &  M.  Bank,  1006 

V.  Glen  Falls  Portland  Cement  Co., 
1357 

V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  851 

V.  Walsh,  1031 
Varco  V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  318 
Varna  v.  St.  L.  &  C.  R.  Ry.,  630 
Vamham  v.  Council  Bluffs,  67 
Varril  v.  Heald,  549 
Vaspor  V.  Edwards,  945 
Vassear  v.  Livingston,  1033 
Veazie  v.  Bangor,  657 

V.  Hosmer,  659 

V.  Somerby,  534 
Vedder  v.  Hildreth,  134 

V.  Van  Buren,  58 

V.  Vedder,  924,  924o 
Vedder's  Estate,  In  re,  301c 
Veghte  V.  Hoagland,  636g 
Veiths  V.  Hagge,  298 
Velte  V.  United  States,  331a 
Vencill  v.  Qumcy,  O.  &  K.  C.  R.  R., 

212 
Vennum  v.  Gregory,  324a 
Vent  V.  Duluth  Trust  Co.,  688o 

V.  Osgood,  673o 
Venus,  The,  589,  592,  593 
Venus  Shipping  Co.  v.  Wilson,  858 
Veon  V.  Creaton,  1247 
Verderame  v.  Hansen,  650 
Verdier  v.  Trowell,  762 
Vermilya  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry., 

937a 
Vermont  Loan  &  Tnjst  Co.  v.  Dygert, 
331 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3059 


[References 

Vermont  R.  R.  v.  Vermont  C.  R.  R., 

301 
Vermont  S.  B.  C.  v.  Ladd,  301c 
Vernier  v.  Knauth,  832a 
Vernon  Shell  Road  Co.  v.  Mayor,  1156 
Vernon's  Case,  964 
Verree  v.  Hughes,  334 
Verrill  v.  Minot,  41 
Vester  v.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  1354 
Vicars  v.  Wilcocks,  113 
Vicary  v.  Foley,  249,  516c 
Vick  V.  WMtfield,  451 
Vickery  v.  Evans,  750 

V.  McCormick,  166,  734,  739 
V.  Ritchie,  649,  650,  655e,  657 
Vicksburg  v.  Herman,  1123 

V.  McLain,  674,  1367 
Vicksburg  &  J.  R.  R.  v.  Patton,  368, 

380 
Vicksburg  &  M.  R.  R.  v.  Putnam,  226/, 
481,  485 
V.  Ragsdale,  152,  856 
■V.  Scanlan,  360 
Vicksburg  R.  R.  v.  Marlett,  366 
Vicksburg,  S.  &  P.  R.  R.  v.  DiUard, 

1139 
Vicksburg,  S.  &  T.  R.  R.  v.  Calderwood, 

1139 
Vicksburg  W.  S.  Co.  v.  Gorman,  615, 

647c 
Viscksburg  W.  W.  Co.  v.  Button,  371a 
Victorian  Rys.  Comrs.  v.  Coultas,  43d, 

43^,  861 
Victory,  The,  587,  588 
Vider  v.  Chicago,  337 
Vierling  v.  Binder,  638 
Viernow  v.  Carthage,  762a 
Vietti  V.  Nesbitt,  312 
Vilas  V.  Barker,  654 
V.  Downer,  1303 
Viles  V.  Barre  &  M.  T.  &  P.  Co.,  656 
Vilicki  V.  New  York  Transp.  Co.,  1347 
Viliski  V.  Minneapolis,  935 
Village  of  Port  Henry  v.  Kidder,  1169 
Villers  v.  Beaumont,  964 
Vilter  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Tygarts'  V.  B.  Co., 

425 
Vinal  V.  Core,  47 

Vincennes,  City  of,  v.  Richards,  1112 
Vincent  v.  Mayblum,  366 


are  to  sections] 

Vindas  v.  Bering  Coal  Co.,  1347 
Vine  V.  Casmey,  374 
Vinton  v.  Mansfield,  691a 

V.  Peck,  695 
Vinyard  v.  Barnes,  689 
Viola,  The,  596a 

Violet  V.  Rose,  156,  1012,  1021o,  1022 
Virginia  v.  Ches.  &  Ohio  Canal  Co.,  346 
Virginia  &  Truckee  R.  R.  v.  Henry, 

1148 
Virginia^Caroliiia  Peanut   Co.   v.   At- 
lantic C.  L.  R.  R.,  159,  856a 
Virginia  Ehrman,  The,  588,  590 
Virginia  Hot  Springs  Co.  v.  McCray, 

95 
Virginian  Ry.  v.  Hurt,  933 
Vivian  v.  Allen,  439a 
V.  Champion,  999^ 
V.  Otis,  692e 
Vlasservitch  v.  Augusta  &  A.  Ry.,  361 
Vlierboom  v.  Chapman,  841 
Voegler  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  154 
Voelckel  v.  Banner  Brewing  Co.,  674 
Voelker  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry., 
1367 
.v..  Hill-0'Meara  Construction  Co., 
1367 
Vogan  V.  Caminetti,  703 
Vogel  V.  McAuliffe,  45,  373,  927 
Vogt  V.  Grinnell,  924,  1110 

V.  Schienebeck,  734 
Voigt  V.  Beller,  345 
Voisin  V,  Commercial  Mut.  Ins.  Co., 
713 
V.    Providence    Washington    Ins. 
Co.,  713 
Volans  V.  Owen,  1248,  1249,  1255 
Volquardsen  v.  Iowa  Teleph.  Co.,  897a 
Volters  M.  Schultz,  637a 
Voltz  V.  Blackmar,  352,  366,  1305 
Volund,  The,  1367 
Von  Berg  v.  Goodman,  991 
Von  Bruck  v.  Peyser,  439/ 
Vonderhite  v.  Walton,  970,  980a 
Von  der  Horst  v.  Von  der  Horst,  301c 
Von  Born  v.  Mengedoht,  642 
Von  Fragstein  v.  Windier,  85c,  368 
Von  Hemert  v.  Porter,  343,  344 
Von  Reeden  v.  Evans,  484 
Von  Sohoening  v.  Buchanan,  101 


3060 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Von  Storch  v.  Winslow,  360,  564 
Voorhees  v.  Earl,  761,  762,  763 

V.  Stoothoff,  311c 
Vorse  V.  Phillips,  232,  237 
Vosberg  v.  Putney,  78  Wis.  84;  490 

V.  Putney,  80  Wis.  523;  1216 

V.  Putney,  86  Wis.  278;  1215 

V.  Welch,  55 
Vose  V.  Philbrook,  311 
Voumakis  v.  Maropulos,  1347 
Vowell  V.  Issaquah  Coal  Co.,  1367 
Vredenburgh  v.  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  B,., 

1354 
Vreeland  v.  Michigan  Cent.  R.  R.,  1367 
Vroman  v.  American  M.  U.  E.  Co.,  851 

V.  Exp.  Co.,  851 
Vuccino  &  Co.  v.  Brown,  742o 
Vulcan  Iron  Works  v.  Co.  Roquemore, 

734,  764 
Vulcanite  P.  Co.  v.  American  A.  S.  P. 
Co.,  1238 

w 

W.  A.  Manda  v.  Orange,  932 

W.  G.  Morel  &  Co.  v.  Lehman,  1355 

W.  J.  HolUday  &  Co.  v.  Highland  I.  & 

S.  Co.,.  635,  752 
W.  K.  Syson  Lumber  Co.  v.  Dickens, 

2266 
W.  M.  Ritter  Lumber  Co.  v.  Jordan, 

1356 
W.  P.  Callahan  &  Co.  v.  Chickasha 

Cotton  Oil  Co.,  189 
W.  R.  Lynn  Shoe  Co.  v.  Auburn-Lynn 

Shoe  Co.,  1246c 
W.  T.  Adams  Mach.  Co.  v.  Castleberry, 

767 
W.  T.  Hanson  Co.  v.  Collier,  452 
W.  W.  Carre  &  Co.  v.  Masse,  1258 
Wabash  v.  Carver,  1367 
Wabash,  C.  &  W.  Ry.  v.  Oetting,  67a 
Wabash  Printing  Co.  v.  Crumrine,  386 
Wabash  R.  R.  v.  Campbell,  225,  852 
a.  Foster,  854 
V.  McCabe,  685y,  685n 
V.  Williamson,  318 
Wabash,  S.  L.  &  P.  Ry.  v.  McDougall, 
1130,  1152 
V.  Recor,  380,  387 


Wabash  Western  Ry.  ».  Friedman,  482 
Wachendorf  v.  Lancaster,  968 
Wachsmuth  v.  Heil,  1059 
Waco  Artesian  Water  Co.  v.  Cauble, 

221,  221a 
Waddell  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1347 
Wade  V.  Barlow,  979 

V.  Belmont,  I.  C.  &  W.  P.  Co., 
633e 

V.  Carolina  T.  &  T.  Co.,  1149 

V.  Comstock,  959,  963,  981 

V.  Gould,  533,  539 

V.  Graham,  692j 

V.  Green,  801 

V.  Halligan,  1057     . 

V.  Haycock,  657 

V.  Hemdl,  251 

V.  Leroy,  41,  47,  180,  226/,  481 

V.  Merwin,  965 

I).  Pratt,  326 

V.  Thayer,  372,  378 

V.  Wade's  Adm'r,  3116 
Wadham  v.  Northeastern  Ry.,  1085 
Wadhams  v.  Swan,  970 
Wadleigh  v.  Buckingham,  536,  538 

«.  Duluth  St.  Ry.,  1347 

1).  Marathon  Bank,  70 

V.  Sutton,  657 
Wadsworth  v.  O'Donnell,  685o 

t).  Treat,  47,  481 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45,  45a,  46, 
894 
Waechter  v.  Walters,  673d 
Wagenseller  v.  Prettyman,  808 
Wager  v.  Troy  Union  R.  R.,  1184 
Wagers  v.  Irvine,  334 
Waggoner  v.  Cox,  411,  416 

V.  Gray,  312 

V.  Jermaine,  949,  1108 

V.  Porterfield,  1357 

V.  Sneed,  1357 
Wagner  v.  Bristol  Belt  Line  Ry.,  1152a 

V.  Corkhill,  186,  645 

V.  Dette,  681,  1070 

V.  Finnegan,  959,  982 

V.  Gage  Co.,  1141 

V.  Gibbs,  1345 

V.  H.  Clausen  &  Son.  B.  Co.,  1367 

u.  Holbruimer,  452 

V,  Jacoby,  85 


TABLE   OP   CASES 

[References  are  to  sections] 

Wagner  v.  White,  999c  Walker  v.  Fuller,  55,  366 

Wagstaff  V.  Short  Horn  Dairy  Co.,  768 

Wait  V.  Borne,  762 

Waite  V.  Dolby,  527 

Waithman  v.  Weaver,  451 

Wakefield  v.  Stedman,  405,  684 

Wakeford  v.  Commissioner  of  Railways, 

610 
WakeUn  v.  Morris,  448 
Wakley  v.  Hart,  1279 

V.  Johnson,  R.  &  M.,  449 
Wakeman  v.  Illingsworth,  1039,  1040 

V.  Wheeler  &  W.  M.  Co.,  193, 193a, 
633,  834c,  1294 
Wakes  v.  New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R. 

R.,  1356 
Walbridge  v.  Walbridge,  1215 
Walcott  V.  Harris,  678 

V.  Holcomb,  1258 
Wald  V.  Pittsburgh,  C,  C.  &  St.  L. 

R.  R.,  119    - 
Walden  v.  Sherburne,  311 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  883 
Waldhier  v.  H.  &  St.  J.  R.  R.,  1356 
Waldo  V.  Fobes,  676 

V.  Long,  969,  982 
Waldrip  v.  Black,  794,  807c 
Waldron  v.  Berry,  106 

V.  Hendrickson,  90 

V.  McCarty,  956 

V.  Marcier,  930 

V.  St.  Paul,  1363 
Waldteufel  v.  Pacific  Vineyard  Co.,  620 
Wales  V.  Bogue,  676 

V.  Pacific  E.  M.  Co.,  573o 

V.  Waterbury  Mfg.  Co.,  1237 
Walker  v.  Bank,  819 

V.  Bement,  257,  407 

V.  Borland,  317,  432o,  519,  565 

V.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  44,  484 

V.  Bradley,  303 

V.  Broadhurst,  789 

V.  Chanslor,  383& 

V.  Constable,  285,  287 

V.  Davis,  924a 

V.  Deaver,  79  Mo.  664;  976,  979 

V.  Deaver,  5  Mo.  App.  139;  980 

V.  Engler,  419 

V.  Erie  Ry.,  180,  1325 

V.  France,  1016,  1027 


3061 


V.  Hadduck,  307,  999a 

V.  Hatton,  1000 

V.  Hitchcock,  910 

V.  Hoisington,  1060 

V.  Johnson,  13  Ark.  522;  975 

V.  Johnson,  6  Ind.  App.  600;  641b 

V.  Johnson,  28  Minn.  147;  493 

».  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  104 

Mich.  606;  583 
V.  Lake  Shore  &  M.  S.  Ry.,  Ill 

Mich.  518;  577 
V.  McMcCoy,  1042 
V.  McNeiU,  573a,  577 
i;.  Martin,  1326 

V.  Moore,  156,  6076,  1002,  1017 
V.  Old  Colony  &  N.  R.  R.,  1119, 

1166d 
V.  Orange,  657 
V.  Osgood,  691 
V.  Pittman,  459 
V.  Pritchard,  685^ 
V.  Schuyler,  921 
V.  Sedalia,  1166e 
V.  Sedgwick,  1053 
V.  Simmons  Mfg.  Co.,  1367 
D.Smith,  4  Dall.  389;  823 
V.  Smith,  1  Wash.  C.  C.  152;  31 
V.  Southern  Ry.,  317 
V.  Swayzee,  209,  992 
V.  Walker,  819 
V.  Wickens,  364,  377 
V.  Wilmarth,  548,  568 
V.  Wills,  302a 
V.  Wilson,  363a 
Walker  and  Nevil's  case,  921 
Wall  V.  Cameron,  47,  481 

V.  City  of  London  R.  P.  Co.,  30, 

1018 
V.  Hill,  922 
V.  Hinds,  999ft 
V.  HoUoman,  933 
V.  Livezay,  481 

V.  London  R.  P.  Co.,  1014,  1020 
V.  Pittsburgh  Harbor  Co.,  932 
V.  Piatt,  935a 
Wallace  v.  Ah  Sam,  156 
V.  Bach,  1353 
V.  Bentley,  838 
V.  Brown,  1328 


3062 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


WaUace  v.  Clark,  691a 

V.  Dallas,  1108 

V.  Drew,  36o 

V.  Finberg,  467 

».  Finch,  930a 

V.  Floyd,  664 

V.  Goodall,  70,  929a,  933 

V.  Hallowell,  778 

V.  Insurance  Co.,  720,  722a,  723 

V.  Jefferson  Gas  Co.,  1161,  1164 

V.  Long,  6736 

V.  Pecos  &  N.  T.  Ry.,  843a 

0.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  112,  181, 
482a 

V.  Swift,  121a,  816,  817 

V.  Talbot,  975 

V.  Telfair,  817 

V.  Terry,  684 

V.  Thames,  etc.,  Ins.  Co.,  711 

V.  Vacuum  Oil  Co.,  1354 

V.  Vigus,  844 

V.  Western  N.  C.  R.  R.,  41,  47, 180, 
226/ 

V.  Williams,  363 

V.  Wihnington  &  N.  R.  R.,  86c, 
481,  485 

V.  Wren,  762 

V.  York,  237 
Waller  v.  Long,  411 

V.  Midland  G.  W.  Ry.,  843 

V.  Waller,  363 
Wallerstein    v.    Columbian    Ins.  Co., 

710 
Walley  v.  Deseret  Nat.  Bank,  256,  497 
Walling  V.  Schwartzkopf,  1060 
Wallingford  v.  Kaiser,  228/,  247 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  883 
Wallis  V.  Chowning,  363 

V.  Cook,  844 

V.  DiUey,  341,  685^ 

V.  Keeney,  686a 

V.  Smith,  413,  414 

V.  Westport,  486 
Wallor  V.  Bowling,  4926 
Walls  V.  Johnson,  538,  689a 

V.  People's  Ry.,  482,  484,  485 

V.  Rochester  Ry.,  1367 
Wallsworth  v.  Mead,  802 
Walnut  V.  Wade,  346 
Walnut  R.  M.  Co.  v.  Cohn,  734 


Walrath  v.  Redfield,  18  N.  Y.  457;  316, 
319 

V.  Redfield,  11  Barb.  368;  225,  942 

V.  Whittekind,  6466 
Walser  v.  W.  U.  Tel.  Co.,  170 
Walsh  V.  Adams,  83 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  42,  46a 

V.  Fisher,  672,  673/ 

.,.  Hale,  1016 

V.  Jenvey,  656,  657 

V.  Myers,  617,  636a,  752 

V.  New  York  Cent.  &  H.  R.  R., 
1356 

V.  Sayre,  1309 

V.  Sisson,  440 
Walshe  v.  Endom,  999 
Waltenberg  v.  Bernhard,  366 
Walter  v.  Hangen,  644,  656 

V.  Maresch,  12866 

V.  Post,  71,  182,  926,  932 

V.  Warfield,  691a 
Walter  A.  Wood  M.  &  R.  M.  Co.  w. 

Hancock,  241a 
Walter  Baker  &  Co.  v.  Slack,  1246c 
Walter  W.  Pharo,  The,  196 
Walters  v.  Chamberlin,  932,  939 

V.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  575 

V.  McGirt,  304 

V.  Transue,  988o 
Walterscheid  v.  Crupper,  1343 
Walthur  v.  Wetmore,  499 
Walton  V.  Campbell,  236,  961,  982,  983 

V.  Meeks,  1010,  1017 

V.  Ruggles,  90 

V.  U.  S.,  338 

V.  Vanderhoof,  334 
Walton  Ave.,  In  re,  1151 
Walworth  v.  Finnegan,  656,  660,  662 

V.  Pool,  206,  858 
Wamsley  v.  Atlas  Steamship  Co.,  250 

V.  Wamsley,  734 
Wanamaker  v.  Bowes,  363,  565 
Wanata,  The,  324,  598 
Wandelohr  v.   Grayson  County  Nat. 

Bank,  681a,  689 
Wanderer,  The,  599 
Wanhscaffe  v.  Pontoja,  988 
Wankowski  v.  Crivitz  P.  &  P.  Co.,  1349 
Wann  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Wanser  v.  Messier,  774 


Wapello  V.  Bigham,  692b 
Waples  V.  Overaker,  755 
Wappoo  Mills  V.  Commercial  Guano 

Co.,  734 
Ward  V.  Adams'  Trustee,  999c 

V.  Ashbrook,  979 

V.  Benson,  60 

V.   Blackwood,  41  Ark.  295;  360, 
384 

V.  Blackwood,  48  Ark.  396;  41,  47, 
481 

V.  Carson  R.  W.  Co.,  503,  933 

V.  Chicago,  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  937, 
937a 

V.  Dick,  447 

V.  The  Fashion,  587 

V.  Fellers,  1040,  1049,  1068 

V.  Haws,  236,  1257 

V.  Henry,  82 

V.  Hood,  689a 

V.  Hudson  River  Big.  Co.,  408, 419 

V.  Kelsey,  991 

V.  Kenner,  334 

V.  Meeds,  1348 

V.  Moffett,  53 

V.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  146,  854 

V.  Salisbury,  674 

V.  Smith,  7  Wall.  447;  340c 

V.  Smith,  11  Price,  19;  185,  1266 

V.  Vanderbilt,  171a,  863 

V.  Ward,  372 

V.  West  Jersey  &  S.  R.  R.,  43A 
Warde  v.  Aeyre,  505 
Warden  v.  Greer,  844 

V.  Philadelphia,  1171 
Wardens  &  Commonalty  of  the  Mys- 
tery of  Grocers  v.  Donne,  1108 
Warder  v.  Arell,  267 
Warder    B.   &    G.    Co.   v.    Cuthbert, 

1326 
Wardrobe  v.  California  Stage  Co.,  368, 

378 
Ward's  C.  &  P.  L.  Co.  v.  Elkins,  842 
Ware  v.  Cartledge,  445 

V.  Fowler,  556 

V.  McMurray,  611 

0.  Owens,  921 

V.  Simmons,  333 

V.  Weathnall,  774,  959 

V.  Welch,  180 


TABLE   OF   CASES  3063 

[References  are  to  sections] 

Ware  Bros.  Co.  v.  Cortland  C.  &  C.  Co., 

633/ 
Warfield  v.  Booth,  632,  1062 

V.  Clark,  777 

V.  Walter,  55 
Waring  v.  Cunliffe,  343 

V.  Gaskill,  1069 

V.  Henry,  308 
Warlow  V.  Harrison,  834 
Warner  v.  Abbey,  929 

V.  Bacon,  89,  226w,  1007  1261 

V.  Benjamin,  777 

V.  Chamberlain,  44 

V.  Hitchins,  999^ 

V.  Juif,  326 

V.  Lockerby,  449,  451 

V.  Lumber,  etc.,  Co.,  1149 

V.  Matthews,  78,  691b 

V.  Press  Pub.  Co.,  377 

V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  1342 

V.  Talbot,  1371 

V.  Thurlo,  678 

V.  Vaimy,  82 

V.  Winfrey,  1027 
Warner  Instrument  Co.  v.  Ingersoll, 

1271 
Warr  v.  London  County  Council,  1097 
Warrall  v.  Munn,  301b 
Warren  v.  A.  B.  Mayer  Mfg.  Co.,  734, 
742 

V.  Banning,  301b 

V.  Chandler,  1007,  1010 

V.  Coharie  Lumber  Co.,  363 

V.  Cole,  229 

V.  Deslippes,  99 

V.  Franklin  Ins.  Co.,  271,  712,  717 

V.  Kelley,  81 

V.  Powers,  692; 

V.  Putnam,  934a 

V.  Ray,  233 

V.  Stoddart,  205,  222 

V.  Tyler,  1054 

V.  Wagner,  999j 

V.  Westrup,  1279 

V.  Wheeler,  1012,  1018 
Warren  &  O.  V.  R.  R.  v.  Waldrop,  1367 
Warren  County  v.  Klein,  293,  337 

V.  Rand,  1139a 

V.  Ward,  692d 
Warrick  v.  Reinhardt,  945 


3064 


TABLE   OF  CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Warrick  v.  Rounds,  1249,  1263 
Warrior  C.  &  C.  Co.  v.  Mabel  Min.  Co., 

934,  935 
Wartman  v.  Swindell,  109,  432 
Warwick  v.  Ely,  301c 
V.  Foulkes,  465 
V.  Hutchinson,  139 
V.  Richardson,  795 
Washbiun  v.    Carthage    Nat.    Bank, 
252 
V.  GUman,  36a 
V.  Hubbard,  834c 
V.  Milwaukee  &  L.  W.  R.  R.,  253, 
1130,  1148 
Washburn  &  Moen  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Worces- 
ter, 1149 
Washington,  The,  9  Wall.  513;  599 
Washington,  The,  5  Jur.  1067;  588 
Washington  v.  Hunt,  692/ 
v.  Pacific  E.  R.  R.,  171a 
V.  Park,  685j 

V.  Potomac  E.  &  C.  Co.,  419 
V.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  1347 
V.  Timberlake,  1266 
Washington  &  G.  R.  R.  v.  American 
Car  Co.,  195 
V.  Dashiell,  43i 
V.  Harmon,  86c,  322,  334 
V.  Hickey,  486a 
V.  Patterson,  485 
Washington  &  N.  O.  T.  Co.  v.  Hobson, 

884,  895 
Washington  A.  &  G.  S.  P.  Co.  v.  Sickles, 

1220 
Washington,  A.  &  M.  V.  Ry.  v.  Lukens, 

143,  150 
Washington     Cemetery    v.     Prospect 

Park  &  C.  I.  R.  R.,  1184 
Washington  County  Court  v.  McKee, 

337 
Washington  County  Ins.  Co.  v.  Colton, 

678 
Washington    County    Water    Co.    v. 

Garver,  184 
Washington  Ice  Co.  v.  Chicago,  1138 
V.  Shortall,  936 
V.  Webster,  125  U.  S.  426;  690 
V.  Webster,  68  Me.  449;  216,  531, 
532,  533,  635,  536,  537,  538,  689, 
690,  1297 


Washington  L.  P.  Co.  v.  Goodrich,  1355 
Washington  Mills  E.  M.  Co.  o.  Wey- 
mouth &  B.  I.  Co.,  722,  725 
Washington  Mills  M.  Co.  v.  Commer- 
cial F.  1.  Co.,  725 
Washington  T.  Co.  v.  Downey,  484 
Wason  V.  Frank,  685 
Wasson  v.  Gould,  339o 

V.  Palmer,  1023 
Water  Commissioners,  Matter  of,  926 
Water  Front  on  North  River,  Matter 

of  the,  12056 
Water  Lot  Co.  v.  Leonard,  647c 
Waterford  School  Trustees  v.  Clarkson, 

692d 
Waterer  v.  Freeman,  96a 
Waterhouse  v.  Waite,  556 
Waterman  v.  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.,  485, 
1306,  1364 

V.  Clark,  1033,  1086 

V.  Frank,  681 
Waters  v.  Bristol,  1326 

V.  Brown,  214,  938 

V.  Dumas,  360,  373 

t).  Greenleaf-Johnson  Lumber  Co., 
363,  387,  1164 

V.  Jones,  451 

V.  Monarch  Ins.  Co.,  725 

V.  Stevenson,  503,  935 

V.  Towers,  134a 
Waters-Pierce  Oil  Co.  v.  Deselms,  1326 

V.  Snell,  1364 
Watkins  v.  Citizens'  Nat.  Bk.,  81 

V.  Junker,  90  Tex.  586;  324a,  1264 

V.  Junker,  4  Tex.  Civ.  App.  629; 
161,  617 

V.  Kaolin  Mfg.  Co.,  43fe,  70 

V.  Morgan,  290 

V.  Paine,  762a 

V.  Rist,  214c 

V.  Walker  Co.,  1107 
Watkinson  v.  Laughton,  295,  844 
Watkiss  V.  Chicago,  1363 
Watkyns  v.  Watkyns,  675c 
Watriss  v.  Cambridge  Bank,  999A 
Watrous  v.  Bates,  740 
Watson  V.  Ambergate,  N.  &  B.  Ry.,  200 

V.  Augusta  Brewing  Co.,  43/,  44 

V.  Bigelow,  660 

V.  Boswell,  437,  990o 


TABLE 
[References 
Watson  ti.  Brightwell,  1364 

V.  Chicago,  N.  &  S.  P.  Ry.,  912 

V.  Coburn,  58,  497/ 

D.  Colusa-Parrot  M.  &  S.  Co.,  948 

V.  Cowdrey,  261 

V.  DeWitt  County,  618,  655a,  660, 
662 

V.  Dilts,  4Sh,  43i 

V.  Fuller,  334 

V.  Gray's  H.  B.  Co.,  608,  614 

V.  Hahn,  704,  803 

V.  Hamilton,  109 

V.  Harmon,  317,  1368 

V.  Hastings,  372 

V.  Hooton,  9996 

V.  Insurance  Co.  of  N.  Am.,  714 

V.  Kirby,  741 

V.  Lisbon  Bridge  Co.,  226o,  438 

V.  McLean,  493 

V.  Marine  Ins.  Co.,  712 

V.  Metrop.  El.  R.  R.,  1209 

V.  Milwaukee  &  M.  R.  R.,  1148 

V.  Mirike,  999a 

V.  Moore,  446 

V.  New  Milford,  101,  942 

V.  Phoenix  Bank,  341 

V.  Pittsburg,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1142 

V.  Rinderknecht,  1215 

V.  Seaboard  A.  L.  Ry.,  581 

V.  Texas  &  P.  R.  R.,  85c 

V.  Watson,  53  Mich.  168;  475 

V.  Watson,  10  C.  B.  3;  921 
Watt  V.  Hoch,  298 

V.  Nevada  C.  R.  R.,  433,  434,  436 

V.  Potter,  493 

V.  Riddle,  700 

V.  Watt,  1330 
Watterson  v.  Alleghany  V.  R.  R.,  194, 
620,  630 

V.  Jetche,  933 
Wattles  V.  South  Omaha  I.  &  C.  Co., 

999c 
Watts  V.  Board  of  Education,  643,  656 

V.  Camors,  115  U.  S.  353;  413,  858 

V.  Camors,  10  Fed.  145;  858 

V.  Eraser,  449 

V.  Garcia,  340a 

V.  Norfolk  &  W.  R.  R.,  93,  1110, 
1144,  1164 

V.  Parker,  966 


OF  CASES  3065 

are  to  sections] 

Watts  V.  Phoenix  Mut.  L.  Ins.  Co.,  98 

V.  Rice,  682,  683 

V.  Sfaeppard,  415 

V.  South  Bound  R.  R.,  368 

V.  Todd,  665 

V.  Watts,  331 

V.  Weston,  107& 
Watuppa  Reservoir  v.  Fall  River,  1119 
Waugh  V.  Gulf,  C.  &  S.  F.  Ry.,  169a 
Waukegan  v.  Sharafinski,  1350 
Wausau  Boom  Co.  v.  Dunbar,  1275 
Way  V.  Abington  Mut.  F.  Ins.  Co.,  723a 
Way,  The,  592 
Waycross  Air  Line  R.  R.  v.  Offerman 

&  W.  R.  R.,  688a 
Wayman  v.  Cochrane,  334 
Wajme  v.  Atlantic  Ave.  R.  R.,  180 

V.  Holmes,  1220,  1228 

V.  Styles,  995 
Waynesboro  Mut.  F.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Crea- 

ton,  722 
Waynesville  Wood  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Berlin 

Mach.  Works,  767 
Wea    Twp.,    Tippecanoe   County,    v. 

Cloyd,  252 
Weart  v.  Hoagland,  611 
Weast  V.  Derrick,  1023 
Weatherby  v.  Shackleford,  685? 
Weatherford  M.  &  F.  Co.  v.  Tate,  742a 
Weatherford  M.  W.  &  N.  N.  W.  Ry.  v. 

Cutcher,  47 
Weathers  v.  Mudd,  1273 
Weaver  v.  Bachert,  639 

V.  Cone,  439a 

V.  Cox,  334 

V.  Darby,  78 

V.  Mississippi  &  R.  R.  B.  Co.,  924a, 
1301 

V.  Page,  1326 

V.  Williams,  538 
Webb  V.  Alexander,  956 

V.  Anspaok,  962t 

V.  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  368 

V.  Daggett,  999? 

V.  Denver  &  R.  G.  Ry.,  573a,  1367 

V.  Depew,  666 

V.  Duckingfield,  673/ 

V.  Fish,  687 

V.  Gilman,  360,  364,  365,  366,  372, 
489a 


3066 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  eections] 


Webb  V.  Gross,  98,  106 

V.  Holt,  959,  982 

V.  J.  L.  Wiginton  &  Co.,  364 

V.  Laird,  685,  685/ 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  219 

V.  Minneapolis  St.  Ry.,  1346 

V.  Pond,  795 

V.  Portland  Manuf.  Co.,  29 

V.  Protection  Ins.  Co.,  714 

V.  Rothschild,  372 

V.  Trescony,  8343 

V.  Webb,  301c 

V.  Wheeler,  962 

V.  Yonkers  R.  R.,  47 
Webb,  The,  598 

Webbe  v.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Webber  v.  Barry,  128 

V.  Quaw,  934a 

V.  Wilcox,  685 
Weber  v.  Anderson,  966 

V.  Butler,  445 

V.  Coussy,  962 

V.  Creston,  1364 

V.  Heam,  312 

V.  Henry,  531a 

w.  M.&E.R.R.,67a 

V.  Vernon,  990 

V.  Squier,  107o 
Weber  Gas  &  G.  E.  Co.  v.  Bradford,  667 
Weber-Stair  Co.  v.  Fisher,  365,  1343 
Webster  v.  Beebe,  656 

V.  Be  Tastet,  818 

».  Douglass  County,  303 

V.  Enfield,  6556 

I/.  Hoban,  1023 

V.  Kansas  City  S.  Ry.,  117c,  331o, 
1151 

V.  Moe,  519,  933,  934a 

V.  Seattle  R.  &  S.  Ry.,  483 

V.  Wade,  665 

V.  Woolford,  143 
Webster  L.  Co.  v.  Higgins,  1231 
Weckler  v.  Chicago,  1130 
Weddle  v.  Stone,  606a 
Weed  V.  Brush,  388 

V.  Draper,  618 

V.  Panama  R.  R.,  863 

V.  Weed,  335 
Weed  Sewing  Machine  Co.  v.  Winchel, 
692a 


Weedon  v.  American  B.  &  T.  Co.,  419 
Weeks  v.  Barton,  975 

V.  Fletcher,  1354 
■    V.  Hasty,  304 

V.  Holmes,  606a 

V.  Leighton,  673a 

V.  Little,  89  N.  Y.  566;  425 

V.  Little,  47  N.  Y.  Super.  Ct.  1;  419 

V.  Prescott,  127,  682 

V.  Profert,  836 

V.  Rector,  etc.,  of  Trinity  Church, 
642 
Wegne  v.  Risch,  1370 
Wegner  v.  Second  W.  S.  Bank,  258, 

324a,  538 
Wehle  V.  Butler,  61  N.  Y.  245;  60,  197 

V.  Butler,  43  How.  Pr.  5;  296,  317 

V.  Haviland,  69  N.  Y.  448;  197, 
248a,  493 

V.  Haviland,  42  How.  Pr.  399;  317 

».  Spelman,  60 
Wehmeyer  v.  Mulvihill,  384 
Weick  V.  Dougherty,  1326 
Weide  v.  St.  Paul,  331a 
Weil  V.  Israel,  447,  1337 

V.  Kreutzer,  1355 
Weingarten  v.  MetropoUtan  St.  Ry., 

1348 
Weingrad  v.  Kletzky,  623 
Weinhardt  v.  New  Orleans,  1355 
Weir  V.  Allegheny  County,  293, 317 

V.  Plymouth,  942 

V.  St.  Paul,  S.  &  T.  F.  R.  R.,  1148 

V.  Union  Ry.,  181,  181a,  482o 
Weis  V.  DevUn,  655c 

V.  Madison,  1115 
Weisenberg  v.  Appleton,  485 
Weiser  V.  L.  &  W.  Co.  v.  Ryan,  1171 
Weiskopf  V.  Ritter,  1353 
Weiting  v.  Millston,  123 

V.  Nissley,  966 
Weitz  V.  Ewen,  1249, 1254 
Welborn  v.  Dixon,  370,  603 
Welch  V.  Adams,  301c 

V.  Anderson,  146,  842 

V.  Durand,  233,  234,  359,  372 

V.  Lawson,  651,  1012a 

V.  McDonald,  419 

V.  Maine  Cent.  R.  R.,  574a 

V.  Milwaukee,  etc.,  R.  R,,  1154 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3067 


[References 
Welch  V.  Nichols,  753 

V.  Ndrtheastem  R.  R.,  233 

V.  Pierce,  927 

V.  PiCToy,  125a 

V.  Seymour,  694 

V.  Southeastern  R.  R.,  234 

V.  Urvany,  734 

V.  Ware,  482,  485o 

V.  Welch,  688a 

V.  Whittemore,  81 

V.  Winterburn,  912 
Weld  V.  Bartlett,  554 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.i  22^,  523,  636e, 
885,  895 

V.  Reilly,  53 
Weldon  v.  Buck,  700 
Weil  V.   Jackson  Architectural  Iron- 
works, 1359 

V.  Moran  Bros.  Co.,  1351 
Weller  v.  Baker,  100 

V.  Heimbruck,  927 
Welling  V.  La  Bau,  34  Fed.  40;  1237 

V:  La  Bau,  35  Fed.  302;  1229 
Wellington  v.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  1119 
Wellington  County  v.  Widmot  Twp., 

343 
Welliver  v.  Pennsylvania  Canal  Co., 

226n,  932 
Wellman  v.  Dickey,  366,  378 

V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1346 

V.  Miner,  2436 
Wells  V.  Abemethy,  744,  1012 

V.  Babcock,  310a 

V.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  380 

V.  Commonwealth,  692 

V.  Denver  &  R.  G.  W.  Ry.,  577,  578 

V.  Enright,  301a 

V.  Hobbs,  301 

V.  National  L.  Assoc,  193a,  834d, 
834e 
■     V.  New  Haven  &  N.  Co.,  1110 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  25 
App.  Div.  365;  126o 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R,  78 
App.  Div.  1;  1367 

V.  Padgett,  45,  475,  637,  639,  641 

V.  Pickman,  557 

V.  Sanger,  1326 

V.  Sawyer,  1326 

V.  Selwood,  762 


are  to  sections] 

Wells  V.  Somerset  &  K.  Railroad,  1107 

V.  Watling,  100 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  878,  879 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  v.  Battle,  856 

V.  Davis,  334 

V.  Thompson,  152 
Wellston  Coal  Co.  v.  Franklin  Paper 

Co.,  655& 
Wellsville,  The,  v.  Geisse,  1046 
Welsh  V.  Brown,  8  Ind.  App.  421;  8186 

V.  Brown,  43  N.  J.  L.  37;  301c 

V.  C,  B.  &  K.  C.  Ry.,  1140 

e.  First  Div.  of  St.  P.  &  P.  R.  R.  R., 
346 

V.  Kibler,  976,  982 

V.  London  Assur.  Corp.,  725 

V.  Metropolitan  El.  R.  R.,  1201 

V.  Tri-City  Ry.,  1331 
Weltners  v.  Riggs,  753 
Wemple  v.  Stewart,  246,  739 
Wendling  v.  Jennisch,  310a 
Wendt  V.  Craig,  1335 
Wenger  v.  Calder,  484 
Wenham  v.  Wilson,  493o 
Wensel  v.  Ins.  Assoc,  722a,  724 
Wentworth  v.  Blackman,  363 

V.  Dows,  1046 
Wentz  V.  Bernhardt,  461,  463 
Werbolovsky  v.  New  York  &  B.  D.  E. 

Co.,  486c 
Werfehnan  v.  Manhattan  R.  R.,  1200, 

1201 
Werges  v.  St.  Louis,  C.  &  N.  O.  R.  R., 

1123 
Werkheiser  P.  M.  Co.  v.  Langford,  367 
Werner  v.  Brooklyn  E.  R.  R.,  1367 

V.  Edmiston,  36a 

V.  Finley,  407,  408,  411,  4l3 

V.  Graley,  533 
Wernwag  v.  Mothershead,  331 
Werth  V.  Springfield,  1110 
Wertham  v.  Mason  C.  &  F.  D.  R.  R., 

1154a,  1157 
Wertheim  v.  Chicoutimi  Pulp  Co.,  7356 
Wertz  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 
Wesley  v.  Chicago,  St.  P.  &  K.  C.  Ry., 

1354 
Wesnieski  v.  Vanek,  1250 
West  V.  Anderson,  442 

V.  Caldwell,  532 


3068 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


West  V.  Carter,  1028 

V.  Chamberlin,  800 

V.  East  Coast  Cedar  Co.,  685 

V.  Forrest,  44o,  47,  481 

V.  Hughes,  914 

V.  Martin,  182a,  187,  435,  435a 

V.  Milwaukee,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1151 

V.  Pritchard,  519,  744 

V.  Rice,  555 

V.  St.  Paul  Nat.  Bank,  695o,  819 

V.  Waddill,  1012a 

V.  Walker,  452 

V.  Wentworth,  509,  744 

V.  West,  959 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  894 

V.  White,  334,  497/ 
West  Chester  &  W.  P.  R.  R.  v.  Chester 

County,  1171d 
West  Chicago  Alcohol  Works  v.  Sheer, 

307,  999a 
West  Chicago  &  St.  R.  R.  v.  Carr,  226/ 

V.  Chicago,  1171 

V.  Dooley,  573a,  584 

V.  Dougherty,  485o 

V.  Poster,  573a 

V.  James,  47 

V.  Lups,  1359 

V.  Mileham,  1350 

V.  Morrison,  etc.,  Co.,  363a,  365 

V.  Musa,  1347 

!;.  Scanlan,  1367 
West    One    Hundred    and    Seventy- 
Seventh  St.,  In  re,  243c 
West  Coast  Mfrs.  Agency  v.  Oregon 
Condensed  Milk  Co.,  426 

V.  West  Coast  Imp.  Co.,  975 
West  Covington  v.  Schultz,  1110 
West  Florida  Land  Co.  v.  Studebaker, 

1027 
West  K.  C.  Co.  V.  Davis,  482,  484,  485 
West  Leigh  Colliery  Co.  v.  Tunnicliffe, 

932 
West  Muncie  S.  B.  Co.  u.  Slack,  948 
West  Republic  Mining  Co.  v.  Jones, 

301,  308,  760 
West  Skokie  Drainage  Dist.  v.  Dawson, 

1179 
West  Virginia,  P.  &  T.  R.  R.  v.  Gibson, 

253,  1138a,  1171 
West  W.  Ry.  v.  Foley,  336 


Westbay  v.  Terry,  417 
Westbroojc  v.  McMillan,  973 

V.  Mize,  36a,  856 
Westchester  &  W.  P.  R.  R.  v.  Chester 

County,  1173 
Westcott  V.  Middleton,  42,  43/ 

V.  Nims, 

V.  Rude,  1222 
Westerfield  v.  Scripps,  446 
Westerman  v.  Means,  405 
Western  v.  Sharp,  655 
Western  &  A.  Pipe  Lines  v.  Home  Ins. 

Co.,  302,  725 
Western  &  A.  R.  Co.  v.  Bailey,  117 

V.  Brown,  318 

V.  Clark,  581 

V.  McCauley,  318 

V.  Meigs,  67a 

1).  Moore,  580o 

V.  Robinson,  5706,  585 

V.  Tate,  933 

V.  Young,  316,  4866 
Western  Assur.  Co.  v.  Southwestern 
Transp.  Co.,  714 

V.  Studebaker  Bros.   Manuf.  Co., 
722 
Western  B.  &  S.  Co.  v.  Jevne,  908,  932 
Western  Bank  v.  Sherwood,  676 
Western  C.  P.  Co.  v.  Anderson,  367 
Western  Gas  Const.  Co.  v.  Dowagiac 

Gas  &  Fuel  Co.,  419 
Western  G.  R.  Co.  v.  Cox,  187 
Western  M.  Co.  v.  The  Guiding  Star, 

317,  852 
Western  Maryland  R.  R.  v.  Martin,  74 

V.  Stbckdale,  865 
Western  Nat.  Ba^  v.  White,  168 
Western  News  Co.  v.  Wilmarth,  373o 
Western  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  «.  Hill, 

1169 
Western  R.  R.  v.  Babcock,  1007,  1017 

V.  Bayne,  708 

V.  Harwell,  851 

V.  Lazarus,  1296 
Western  S.  C.  &  F.  Co.  v.  Bean,  1363 
Western  States,  The,  1342 
Western  Transportation  Co.  v.  Hoyt, 

841 
Western  Twine  Co.  v.  Wright,  762 
Western  Union  R.  R.  v.  Smith,  655 


TABLE   OF   CASES  3069 

[References  are  to  sections] 
Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Adams,  169,  894c      Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Cooper,  44,  45a, 

47,  1266,  894 


».  Adams  Mach.  Co.,  888 

V.  Allen,  878 

V.  Arant,  894 

V.  Archie,  46a 

».  Askew,  882 

V.  Aubrey,  890 

V.  Ayers,  8946 

V.  Barkley,  883 

V.  Barlow,  126a 

V.  Barrett,  894rf 

V.  Beals,  876,  881 

V.  Bell,  1341 

V.  Bennett,  1341 

V.  Berdine,  1341 

V.  Beringer,  894 

V.  Bertram,  879 

V.  Bickerstaff,  894rf 

V.  Blackmer,  894c,  1341 

V.  Blanchard,  891 

V.  Blocker,  894a 

V.  Bodkin,  896 

V.  Bouchell,  1341 

V.  Bowen,  881 

t>.  Bowman,  888 

V.  Bradford,  885 

V.  Broesche,  876 

V.  Brown,  71  Tex.  723;  894c 

V.  Brown,  84  Tex.  54;  888 

».  Buchanan,  876 

V.  Bums,  894o 

V.  Butler,  784c 

».  Caldwell,  8946, 1341 

V.  Carew,  875,  876 

V.  Carter,  20  S.  W.  834;  894c 

V.  Carter,  2  Tex.  Civ.  App.  624; 

894d 
V.  Carter,  86  Tex.  580;  894(i 
V.  Carver,  880 
V.  Cashman,  385,  445 
V.  Chamblee,  876 
V.  Choteau,  45a 
V.  Cleveland,  894o,  894d!,  1341 
V.  Clifton,  879 
V.  Cobb,  1341 
V.  Coggin,  890 

V.  Collins,  156  Ala.  333;  1341 
V.  Collins,  45  Kan.  88;  881,  885 
V.  Connelly,  888 
V.  Cook,  876 


V.  Crall,  182a,  200 

V.  Crawford,  8816 

V.  Crocker,  894,  8946 

V.  De  Andrea,  894<i 

V.  De  Jarles,  894d 

V.  Dickens,  364,  366 

V.  DuBois,  885 

V.  Edsall,  880 

V.  Engler,  1348 

V.  Erwin,  894c 

V.  Eubanks,  876,  876 

V.  Evans  1341 

V.  Eyser,  368,  380 

V.  Fatman,  891 

V.  Feegles,  169,  894c 

V.  Fellner,  882,  889 

V.  Fenton,  878 

V.  Ferguson,  45a,  894 

V.  Fischer,  885 

V.  Fisher,  894,  894a,  8946 

V.  Fitzpatrick,  894c 

V.  Flint  River  Lumber  Co.,  885 

V.  Fontame,  890 

V.  Ford,  169,  8816 

V.  Fore,  894c 

V.  Fuel,  1341 

V.  Garthright,  894a 

V.  Giffin,  1341 

V.  Gilliland,  894c 

V.  Gillis,  1341 

V.  Gilstrap,  896 

V.  Glenn,  96 

V.  Glover,  894c 

V.  Graham,  169,  882 

V.  Griffin,  894c 

V.  Griswold,  875,  885 

V.  GuUege,  894c 

V.  Hall,  154,  200,  889,  890 

V.  Halltom,  894 

V.  Hanley,  894 

V.  Hardison,  1341 

V.  Hart,  885,  895 

V.  Hearne,  876 

V.  Heathcoat,  8946 

V.  Henley,  879 

V.  Hill,  163  Ala.  18;  894a 

r.  Hill,  26  S.  W.  252;  1341 

V.  Hiller,  1341 


3070  TABLE 

[References 

Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Hines,  894 
V.  HoUingsworth,  894,  894d 
V.  Hope,  878 
V.  Houghton,  1341 
V.  Howie,  8816 
V.  Hyer,  891 

V.  Jackson,  163  Ala.  9;  894a 
V.  Jackson,  95  Miss.  471;  363 
V.  James,  876 
V.  Jobe,  881a 
V.  Karr,  1341 
V.  Kendzora,  894 
V.  Kerr,  894c 
V.  Kibble,  894c 
V.  Kirkpatrick,  169 
V.  Krichbavun,  894a 
V.  Lacer,  8946 
V.  Landis,  885 
V.  Landry,  894c 
V.  Lawson,  879,  896 
V.  Linn,  894c 
v.  Long,  8946 
V.  Lovett,  894c 
V.  Lycan,  881,  892 
V.  McCants,  885 
V.  McDavid,  1341 
V.  McKibben,  881 
V.  McLaurin,  892 
V.  McLeod,  S94c 
V.  McMillan,  8946 
V.  McMorris,  8946,  894d 
V.  Manker,  894a 
V.  Martin,  890 
V.  Matthews,  895 
V.  Merrill,  8946 
V.  Merritt,  891 
V.  Miller,  363 
V.  Milton,  891 
V.  Moore,  169,  894c 
V.  Motley,  894d 
V.  Mullens,  879 
V.  Murray,  894d 
V.  N.  Lehman  &  Bro.,  170 
V.  Nagle,  880 
V.  Nations,  894c 
V.  Neel,  894 
V.  Neill,  876 
V.  Oastler,  894c 
V.  Odonv,  894,  894a 
!>.  Olivarri,  S90 


OF  CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Parlin,  879 
V.  Peagler,  894c 
V.  Finer,  9  Tex.  Civ.  App.  301; 

1341 
V.  Finer,  8  Tex.  Civ.  App.  152; 

1341 
V.  Forter,  894c 
V.  Potts,  878,  894c 
V.  Powell,  8816 
V.  Frevatt,  8946 
V.  Price,  1341 
V.  Proctor,  881,  894d 
V.  Reid,  886 
V.  Reynolds,  891 
V.  Rhine,  1341 
V.  Rich,  47,  894 
V.  Richman,  885 
V.  Ring,  1295 
V.  Robertson,  885 
V.  Robinson,  876 
V.  Rogers,  894 
V.  Rowell,  894a 
V.  Saunders,  8946 
ti.  Seed,  896 
V.  Sheffield,  887 
V.  Shenep,  894(i 
V.  Shofner,  894c 
V.  Short,  876 
V.  Shotter,  885 
V.  Shumate,  879,  881a 
V.  Simpson,  894c 
V.  Sledge,  894o 
i).  Sloss,  1341 
V.  Smith,  380,  383a 
«-.  State,  332 

V.  Steenbergen,  876,  8946 
V.  Stephens,  8816 
V.  Stiles,  879 
V.  Stone,  894(i 
V.  Sullivan,  880 
V.  Taylor,  895,  1341 
V.  Teague,  894 
V.  Thompson,  1341 
V.  Toms,  894c 
V.  True,  879 
V.  Truitt,  885 
V.  Turner,  880 
it.  Twaddell,  879 

V.  Van  Cleave,  45a,  876,  894,  8946 
V.  Waller,  894c 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3071 


[References 

Western  U.  T.  Co.  v.  Waters,  894a 

V.  Way,  208o,  883,  891 

V.  Waxelbaum,  876 

V.  Weiting,  876,  891 

«,  Wells,  45 

V.  Weniski,  894c,  1341 

V.  West,  894ti 

V.  Westmoreland,  894o,  894c 

V.  Wilhelm,  883,  888 

V.  Williams,  129  Ky.  515;  894d 

V.  Williams,  122  S.  W.  280;  212o 

V.  WilUams,  137  S.  W.  148;  882 

V.  Williford;  881 

I).  Wilson,  93  Ala.  32;  894a 

V.  Wilson,  32  Fla.  527;  890 

V.  Wilson,  97  Tex.  22;  8946 

V.  Wingate,  894 

V.  Witt,  45a,  894 

V.  Wood,  894 

V.  Woods,  88  111.  App.  375;  4866 

V.  Woods,  133  S.  W.  440;  882 

V.  Wright,  894a 

V.  Young,  130  S.  W.  257;  894<i 

V.  Young,  133  S.  W.  512;  894a 

V.  Zane,  1341 
Westervelt  v.  Demarest,  4396 

V.  St.  Louis  Transit  Co.,  1363 

V.  Smith,  805 
Westfall  V.  Mapes,  603 

V.  Peacock,  753 

V.  Perry,  603 
Westfield  v.  Mayo,  241 

V.  Westfield,  330 
Westinghouse  v.  New  York  A.  B.  Co., 

323 
Westinghouse  C.  K.  &  Co.  v.  Reming- 
•  ton  Salt  Co.,  762 
Westlake  v.  Degraw,  1057 
Weston  V.  Bamicoat,  443 

V.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  164,  182a, 
856a 

V.  Brown,  310 

V.  Chamberlain,  634 

V.  Grand  T.  Ry.,  854 

V.  Gravlin,  71,  373,  926 
Westphal  v.  New  York,  1256/ 
Wetherbee  v.  Bennett,  970,  973 

V.  Marsh,  451 
Wetherell  v.  Chicago  City  R.  R.,  57Sa 

V.  Stilhnan,  334 


are  to  sections] 


Wetmore  v.  Greene,  972 

V.  Jaffray,  614 

V.  Pattison,  156 

V.  Woodhouse,  312 
Wetter  v.  Kleinert,  642 
Wetzel  V.  Satterwhite,  935a 
Wetzell  V.  Richcreek,  984 
Weybrick  v.  Harris,  762,  770 
Weyer  v.  Chicago,  W.  &  N.  R.  R.,  1163, 

1165 
Weymer  v.  Belle  Plaine  Broom  Co.,  674 
Weymouth  v.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  619 
Whalon  v.  Aldrich,  620,  735c 
Whalen  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry.,  1357 

V.  Layman,  639 

V.  St.  Louis,  K.  C.  &  N.  R.  R., 
485,  1356 

V.  Union  B.  &  P.  Co.,  36a 
Wharton  v.  Cunningham,  278 

v.  Winch,  636s,  655a 
Wheat  V.  Dotson,  1033,  1053 
Wheatland  v.  Taylor,  415 
Wheatley  v.  Thorn,  386,  489 
Wheatly  v.  Miscal,  673a 
Wheaton  v.  Lund,  646a 

V.  Pike,  345 
Wheaton  B.  &  I.  Co.  v.  Boston,  416a 
WTieeden  v.  Fiske,  655 
Wheelan  v.  Chicago,  M.  &  S.  P.  Ry., 

574a 
Wheeler   v.    Commercial    Investment 
Co.,  12866 

V.  Cleveland,  617 

V.  Hanson,  459 

V.  Haskins,  305 

V.  Hatheway,  301c 

V.  Meyer,  679o 

V.  Miller,  301a 

V.  Newberry  County,  337 

V.  Pereles,  80,  259 

V.  Pettes,  554 

V.  Randall,  125,  709 

V.  Shed,  999e 

V.  Sohier,  956 

V.  Styles,  1006,  1012a 

V.  Sweet,  684a 

V.  Tyler  S.  W.  R.  R.,  171a 

V.  Worcester,  36a 
Wheeler  &  W.  M.  Co.  v.  Boyoe,  360, 
380,  1336 


3072  TABLE    OF   CASES 

[References  are  to  sections] 
M.  Ck).  V.  Thompson,      White  v.  Carlton,  697 


Wheeler  &  W. 

762 
Wheeless  v.  Williams,  302 
Wheeling  M.  &  F.  Co.  v.  Wheeling  S.  & 

I.  Co.,  419 
Wheeling,  P.  &  B.  R.  R.  v.  Warrell, 

1175 
Wheelock  v.  Berkely,  762 

V.  Noonan,  1195 

V.  Postal  T.  C.  Co.,  890 

V.  Tanner,  340 

V.  Wheelright,  55 
Wheelwright  v.  Beers,  844 
Whelan  v.  Lynch,  824,  1299 
Whelchel  v.  Duckett,  684 
Whereatt  v.  Ellis,  678 
Whiltey  ti..  Mississippi  Water  Power  & 

Boom  Co.,  1148 
Whipple  V.  Cumberland  Manuf'g  Co., 
99,  233,  1325 

V.  Fair  Haven,  924 

V.  Wanskuck  Co.,  932 
Whisler  v.  Bragg,  704 

V.  Hicks,  973,  979 
Whissenhimt  v.  Jones,  913 
Whitaker  v.  Dunn,  659 

V.  Greer,  921 

V.  Harrold,  19 

V.  Hartford,  P.  &  F.  R.  R.,  346 

V.  Hawley,  999(i 

V.  Phoenixville,  1154 

V.  Sandifer,  667 

V.  Sunmer,  545 
Whitbeck  v.  New  York  C.  R.  R.,  503, 
933 

V.  Skinner,  9996,  1046 
Whitcher  v.  Benton,  1129 
Whitcofsky  v.  Weu',  1357 
Whitcomb  v.  Harris,  345 

V.  Houston,  416a 
White  V.  Arleth,  411 

V.  Baker,  274 

V.  Barnes,  366 

V.  Beard,  973 

V.  Braddock  Borough  School  Dist., 
657 

V.  Brockway,  620,  657, 762 

V.  Brooke,  685,  685/1 

V.  Cannada,  1258 

V.  Chapman,  1038 


V.  Charlotte  &  S.  C.  R.  R.,  1148, 

11716 
V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  214a 
V.  Chicago,  St.  L.  &  P.  R.  R.,  1109 
V.  Clack,  920 
V.  Commissioners  of  Works,  1080, 

1087 
V.  Concord  R.  R.,  1298 
V.  Conly,  126d 

V.  County  Commissioners,  1147 
V.  Dingley,  407 
V.  Ditson,  311a 
V.  Dougherty,  650 
V.  Dresser,  43/,  925 
V.  Fifth  Ave.  &  H.  S.  B.  Co.,  1154 
V.  Foxborough,  1160(i 
V.  Fratt,  684fl 
V.  French,  864o 
V.  Givens,  237 
».  Green,  635 
V.  Gregory,  477 
V.  GriflSn,  98,  101 
V.  Hermann,  1295 
V.  Higgins,  1012 
V.  litis,  331 
f .  Jones,  557 
V.  Kearney,  750 
D.  Knox,  34Go 
V.  Lyons,  303,  324a 
V.  McLaren,  644 
V.  Madison,  837 
V.  Mary  Ann,  The,  67o 
V.  Matador  Land  &  C.  Co.,  755 
V.  Metropolitan  E.  Ry.,  1154 
V.  Miller,  47  Ind.  385;  797,  798 
V.  Miller,  71  N.  Y.  118;  191,  316, 

768 
V.  Milwaukee  C.  Ry.,  1309 
V.  Moseley,  127a,  182,  189 
D.  Moses,  916 
V.  Murtland,  475,  476 
V.  Nassau  Trust  Co.,  93a 
V.  Northwest  Stage  Co.,  1260 
V.  Oliver,  657 
i;.  Pease,  1298 
V.  Railroad  Co.,  1148,  1168 
t>.  Republic  F.  I.  Co.,  723a 
V.  St.  Guirons,  901 
f .  SaUsbury,  738 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3073 


[References 

White  V.  Sawyer,  431 

V.  Sealy,  678 

V.  Sheffield,  &  T.  S.  Ry.,  537 

V.  Smith,  54  la.  233;  1027o 

V.  Smith,  54  N.  Y.  522;  303,  828 

V.  Spangler,  372 

i).  Street,  964  965 

V.  Stretch,  973 

V.  Smi  Pub.  Co.,  383,  386,  453 

V.  Sutherland,  1052 

V.  Thomas,  640o 

V.  Tompkins,  279c,  734 

V.  White,  76  Kan.  82;  385 

V.  White,  101  Minn.  451;  1338 

V.  White,  140  Wis.  538;  382,  1338 

V.  Whitney,  962,  974 

I).  Webb,  76,  81 

V.  Wyley,  467 

V.  Yawkey,  502 

V.  Yazoo  City,  1108 
White  River  School  Township  v.  Dor- 

rell,  302a 
White  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Dakin,  678 
White's  Bk.  of  Buffalo  v.  Nichols,  1187 
Whitecotton  v.  St.  Louis  R.  R.,  1154c 
Whitehall  v.  Squire,  61, 1044 
Whitehall  T.  Co.  v.  New  Jersey  S.  B. 

Co.,  316 
Whiteham  v.  Westminster,  B.  C.  &  C. 

Co.,  252 
Whitehead  v.  Brothers  Lodge  No.  132 
i:  O.  O.  F.,  308o 

V.  Callahan,  906 

V.  Cape  Henry  Syndicate,  685e 

V.  Darling,  834 

V.  Ducker,  106 

V.  Manor  Borough,  1149 

V.  Ryder,  767 

V.  Vamum,  553,  554 

V.  Wisconsin  Cent.  Ry.,  1356 
Whitehead  &  A.  M.  Co.  v.  Ryder,  226d, 

764 
Whitehouse  v.   Androscoggin  R.   R., 
1110 

V.  Atkinson,  495 

V.  Staten  I.  W.  S.  Co.,  618 
Whitehurst  v.  Fayetteville  M.  I.  Co., 

723a 
Whiteley  v.  China,  125 
Whiteley  M.  C.  Co.  v.  Wishon,  482 

193 


are  to  sections] 

Whiteman  v.  Hawkins,  8186 
Whiteman's  Ex.  v.  Wilmington  &  S. 

R.  R.,  1148 
Whitemarsh  v.  Hall,  673a 
Whiter ;;.  Murtland,  475 
Whitesell  v.  Crane,  1288 

V.  Study,  468 
Whiteside  v.  Assoc,  685A; 

V.  Cottage  Assoc,  685fc 

V.  Jennings,  1012,  1018 

V.  Magruder,  970,  975 
Whitfield  V.  Levy,  413 

V.  Riddle,  278 

V.  Rowland  Lumber  Co.,  933 

V.  Westbvook,  385 

V.  Whitfield,  375,  516,  527,  1296 

V,  Zellnor,  655c 
Whitford  v.  Panama  R.  R.,  573,  573a 
Whitham  v.  Kershaw,  999ft 
Whiting  V.  Aldrich,  803 

V.  Commonwealth,  1169 

V.  Dewey,  977 

V.  Eagan,  1364 

V.  Price,  777 
Whitkowski  v.  Hill,  531a 
Whitledge  v.  Wait,  916,  917 
Whitley  v.  Moseley,  278 

V.  Murray,  673/ 
Whitlock  V.  Crew,  3016 

u.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  1342 
Whitman  v.  Boston  &  M.  R.  R.,  1147, 
1295 

V.  Merrill,  107c,  529 
Whitmark  v.  Lorton,  107a 
Whitmarsh  v.  Littlefield,  222,  667 
Whitmore  v.  Bischoff,  91 

V.  Bowman,  1293 

V.  Coats,  753,  755 

V.  Rice,  676 

V.  South  Boston  Iron  Co.,  762 

V.  Utah  Fuel  Co.,  941 
Whitney  v.  Adams,  363a,  934 

V.  Albani,  754 

V.  Allaire,  101,  777,  1056 

V.  Beckford,  844 

V.  Boardman,  755 

V.  Boston,  1147 

V.  Chicago  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  317,  84-4 

V.  Clarendon,  86c 

V.  Elmer,  475 


3074 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


Whitney  v.  Emmett,  1228 

V.  Hitchcock,  376,  471 

V.  Huntington,  503,  934 

V.  Janesville  Gazette,  451 

V.  Lewis,  1053 

V.  Lynn,  1160 

V.   Merchants'    Union   Exp.   Co., 
819,  856o 

V.  Meyers,  1057 

V.  Moingnard,  44a 

V.  New  York  F.  I.  Co.,  841 

V.  Peddicord,  311c 

V.  Slayton,  86o 

V.  State,  338 

.,.  Thacher,  271,  753,  1294, 1299 
Whitsell  V.  Rising,  734 
Whitsctt  V.  Forehand,  734 
Whitson  V.  Gray,  195 
Whittacre  v.  Fuller,  339a 
Whittaker  v.  Deadwood,  1112a,  1123 

V.  Welch,  632 
Whittemore  v.  Cutter,  102,  235,  1212, 

1220 
Whitten  v.  Fuller,  54 
Whittier  v.  Collins,  58 

V.  Sanborn,  943 
Whitwell  V.  Wells,  689 
Whitwham  v.  Westminster  B.  C.  &  C. 

Co.,  932 
Whitworth  v.  Hart,  301,  303 

V.  Maden,  990a 

V.  Pool,  1012 

V.  Thomas,  1044 

V.  Tilman,  803,  804 
Whitzman  v.  Hirsh,  961,  975 
Whorley  v.  Tenn.  C.  E.  Co.,  632 
Whorton  ».  Webster,  936 
Wibaux  V.  Grinnell  L.  S.  Co.,  408,  415, 

425 
Wichita  &  C.  Ry.  v.  Gibbs,  1334 
Wichita  &  W.  R.  R.  v.  Beebe,  85c 

V.  Fechheimer,  95 

V.  Kuhn,  1148,  1165 
Wichita  G.,  E.  L.  &  P.  Co.  v.  Wright, 

933 
Wicker  v.  Hoppock,  789 
Wickham  v.  Freeman,  931 
Wickliffe  v-  Clay,  978,  981 
Wicks  V.  German  L.  &  I.  Co.,  1027 
Widener  v.  State,  692o 


Widrig  V.  Taggart,  1041 
Wiegel  V.  Boone,  6556 
Wier  V.  Allen,  451 

V.  St.  Louis,  F.  S.  &  W.  R.  R.,  1151 
Wieser  v.  Times  R.  &  C.  Co.,  614 
Wiest  V.  Electric  Tr.  Co.,  577 
Wiffen  V.  Roberts,  702,  1050 
Wiggin  V.  Coffin,  352,  1325 

V.  New  York,  1156 
Wiggins  Ferry  Co.  v.  Chicago  &  A. 
R.  R.,  128  Mo.  224;  312,  633 

V.  Chicago  &  A.  R.  R.,  73  Mo.  389; 
614 
Wiggins  V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  937a 
Wight  V.  City  of  Chicago,  416a 
Wightman  v.  Chicago  &  N.  R.  R.,  1342 

V.  Devere,  1249,  1249a,  1254 

V.  Macadam,  717 

V.  United  States,  338 

V.  Waade,  1367 
WigseU  V.  School,  631 
Wihnyk  v.  Second  Ave.  R.  R.,  1361 
Wilbeam  v.  Ashton,  395 
Wilber  v.  Dwyer,  377a 
Wilberding  v.  Dubuque,  86c 
Wilbur  V.  Beecher,  1220,  1228,  1229 

V.  Hubbard,  36a 

V.  Johnson,  45,  637,  638,  639 

V.  Southwest  M.  E.  Ry.,  483 
Wilby  V.  Elston,  1274 
Wilcher  v.  Hamilton,  334 
Wilcke  V.  Henrotin,  1354 
Wilcox  V.  Alley,  373 

V.  Campbell,  35  Hun,  234;  220 

V.  Campbell,  106  N.  Y.  325;  972 

V.  Danforth,  980a 

V.  Field,  1258 

V.  Green,  1326 

V.  Howland,  343 

V.  Leake,  1293 

V.  Muche,  973 

V.  Plummer,  86,  103 

V.  Rhode  Island  Co.,  1355 

V.  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.,  52  Fed! 
264;  45,  45a 

V.  Richmond  &  D.  R.  R.,  3  C.  C.  A. 
73;  3406 

V.  St.  Paul,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1154 

V.  Van  Voorhis,  330 

V.  Walker,  416 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sectionsj 


3076 


Wilcox  V.  Wilmington    City  Ry.,  573, 

580 
Wilcus  V.  Kling,  419 
Wild  V.  Holt,  935 
Wilde  V.  Clarkson,  678 

V.  Crow,  1259 

V.  New  Orleans,  107o 
Wilder  v.  Great  Western  Cereal  Co., 
4866 

V.  Stanley,  1065 
Wilder's  Co.  ;;.  Lurline,  599c 
Wildley  v.  School  District,  657 

V.  Thornton,  426 
Wilds  V.  Bogan,  639 
Wiley  !).  Athol,  620 

V.  Howard,  975 

V.  West  Jersey  R.  R.,  126e 
Wilhehn  v.  Eaves,  408,  413 
Wilhoit  V.  Hancock,  473 
Wilke  V.  Harrison,  666 
Wilkens  v.  Wilkerson,  425 
Wilkerson  v.  McDougal,  527 

V.  Met.  St.  Ry.,  172a 
Wilkes  V.  Bieme,  410,  415 

V.  Hungerford  Market  Company, 
35 

V.  Lion,  901 
Wilkie  V.  Raleigh  &  C.  F.  R.  R.,  485a 
Wilkins  V.  Gihnore,  364,  930 

V.  Hogue,  973 
Wilkinson  v.  Colley,  418,  426 

V.  Coverdale,  812,  817 

V.  Davies,  612,  614 

V.  Downton,  iZh,  iSj 

V.  Drew,  368,  1263 

V.  Dunbar,  87,  613,  636? 

V.  Ferree,  774 

V.  Hyde,  710 

V.  Northeast  Borough,  485 

V.  Root,  1027 

V.  Searcy,  383c 

V.  Stanley,  987 

V.  Terry,  100 

V.  Washington  Trust  Co.,  311/ 
Willamet  Falls  Canal,  etc.,  Co.  v.  Kelly,. 

1148 
Willamette  Valley,  The,  865o 
Willans  V.  Ayers,  701 
Willard  v.  Mellor,  324a 

V.  Smith,  1017 


Willard  v.  Stone,  641 

V.  Whitney,  5656 
Wilier  V.  Ore.  Ry.  &  Nav.  Co.,  182 
Willet  V.  Johnson,  486 

V.  Scovill,  685/1 
Willets  V.  Burgess,  969,  973,  979 
Willett  V.  St.  Albans,  3806 
Willetts  V.  Buffalo  &  R.  R.  R.,  585 
Willey  v.-  Fredericks,  132,  631,  647c 

V.  Hunter,  942 

V.  Laraway,  72 

V.  Paulk,  692j' 

V.  St.  Charles  Hotel  Co.,  301 
William  and  Anthony  Streets,  In  re, 

1128,  1157 
Wilham  Branfoot,  The,  1356 
William  Butcher  Steel  Works  v.  Atkin- 
son, 6736 
William  Farrell  Lumber  Co.  v.  Deshon, 

979 
WiUiam  H.  Bailey,  The,  5996 
Wilham  M.  Hoag,  The,  593 
Wm.  Small  &  Co.  w.  Lonegan,  43i 
Wilham  Tarr  Co.  v.  Kimbrough,  667 
WilUams  v.  Anderson,  667 

!).  Archer,  508,  527 

V.  Arnold,  611 

V.  Atlantic  C.  L.  R.  R.,  152 

V.  Ballinger,  685y 

V.  Bank  of  Commerce,  685 

V.  Barton,  121 

».  Baxter,  305 

V.  Beeman,  961,  981 

V.  Brooklyn  El.  R.  R.,  932,  1203 

V.  Brooklyn,  2216 

V.  Brown,  28  Oh.  St.  547;  1303 

V.  Brown,  76  Iowa,  643;  107a 

t).  Burg,  982,  983 

V.  Burrell,  288,  982,  987 

V.  Camden  &  A.  R.  R.,  581 

II.  Camden  and  Rockland  Water 
Co.,  93 

V.  Case,  149 

V.  Chicago  Coal  Co.,  206,  667 

V.  Clarke  County,  485 

V.  Commonwealth,  1157 

V.  Craig,  310 

V.  Crosby  Lumber  Co.,  752a 

V.  Crum,  493,  494 

V.  Currie,  350 


3076  TABLE 

[References 

Williams  v.  Dakin,  401,  416 

V.  Detroit  O.  &  C.  Co.,  52  Tex. 

Civ.  App.  243;  367 
V.  Detroit,  O.  &  C.  Co.,  123  S.  W. 

405;  440 
V.  Dobson,  82 
V.  Earle,  999fc 
V.  Eldridge,  674 
V.  Elm  City  Lumber  Co.,  933 
I/.  Esling,  101 
V.  Fowle,  972 
V.  Frybarger,  1016 
V.  Oilman,  631a 
».  Glenny,  664a 
V.  Glenton,  1007 
V.  Godwin,  755 

V.  Gold  Creek  M.  &  M.  Co.,  75 
V.  Green,  416 
».  Greenwade,  445,  448(i 
V.  Hall,  556 

V.  Hartford  Ins.  Co.,  T22a 
V.  Hathaway,  939 
V.  Hersey,  311 
V.  Hewitt,  970 
V.  Hoffingsworth,  639,  641 
V.  Huntington,  695 
V.  Island  City  Milling  Co.,  189 
v:  Island  City  M.  &  M.  Co.,  646, 

6466 
V.  Jones,  1  Bush.  621;  753 
V.  Jones,  12  Ind.  561;  276 
V.  Kennebee  Mut.  Ins.  Co.,  710 
V.  Ladew,  999e 
V.  Leonard,  1230 
V.  Littlefield,  816 
e.  London  Ass.  Co.,  1034 
V.  Luckett,  90,  673 
V.  McFadden,  777,  1027 
V.  Miller,  21  Ark.  469;  1060 
V.  Miller,  Kirby,  189;  692d 
1).  Missouri  Furnace  Co.,  86a,  93a, 

925,  932 
V.  Morton,  692A; 
V.  Mostyn,  103,  547 
V.  Natural  Bridge  P.  R.  Co.,  1152a 
V.  Nat.  Park.  Bank,  334 
V.  Newberry,  227 
V.  New  York  Central  R.  R.,  1184, 

1185 
V.  North  China  Ins.  Co.,  713 


OF   CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Williams  v.  Oliphant,  607,  984 

V.  Patterson,  676 

V.  Phelps,  537 

V.  Pomeroy  Coal  Co.,  92 

V.  Porter,  656,  657 

V.  Raggett,  117 

V.  Reil,  363a 

V.  Reynolds,  157,  740 

V.  Robb,  755 

K.  Rome  R.  &  L.  Co.,  862 

V.  Rome,  W.  &.  O.  R.  R.,  1237 

V.  Shaw,  1352 

V.  Sheldon,  36a 

V.  Sherman,  48  Barb.  402;  734 

V.  Sherman,  7  Wend.  109;  284, 999a 

V.  Shoudy,  337 

V.  Sims,  276 

V.  Smith,  2  Cai.  253;  335 

».  Smith,  2  Hill.  301;  703 

V.  South,  etc.,  R.  R.,  584 

V.  State,  340c 

V.  Storrs,  305 

t>.  Underhill,  43i,  47 

V.  Vance,  405,  407,  410,  416 

V.  Vanderbilt,  160,  862,  868 

V.  Vail,  6916 

V.  Webb,  873a 

V.  Wetherbee,  982 

V.  Whitmore,  1023 

V.  Willhite,  340 

V.  Williams,  L.  R.,  9  C.  P.  659; 
98,  999^ 

V.  Williams,  20  Colo.  51;  376 

V.  Williams,   132  Mo.  App.  266; 
1345 

V.  Wilson,  1012a 

V.  Wood,  55  Minn.  323;  195,  540 

V.  Wood,  61  Minn.  194;  537 

V.  Woods,  16  Md.  220;  737 

V.  Yates,  614 

V.  Yoe,  46  S.  W.  659;  1266 

V.  Yoe,  19  Tex.  Qv.  App.  281;  202, 
203,  214 
Williams's  case,  35 

Williamsburgh  Sav.  Bank  v.  Solon,  346 
Williamson  v.  Barrett,  196,  226(i,  593 

V.  Bradenburg,  762,  766,  766,  772 

V.  Brooklyn  Heights  R.  R.,  1366 

V.  Broughton,  334 

V.  Central  of  Ga.  Ry.,  43j 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3077 


[References 
Williamson  v.  Conday,  762 

V.  DUlon,  762 

V.  East  Amwell,  1148 

V.  Hall,  970 

V.  Postal  Tel.  Co.,  891 

II.  R.  R.,  380 

V.  Stevens,  984 

V.  Test,  964,  965 

V.  Williamson,  962,  983 
Williar  v.  Baltimore  Butchers'  Loan, 

etc.,  Assoc,  339o 
Williford  V.  Western  Union  Telegraph 

Co.,  883 
WUUmantic    Thread    Co.     v.     Clark 

Thread  Co.,  1221 
Willingham  v.  Hooven,  190,  6076,  613 
Willings  V.  Consequa,  295,  341 
WiUis  V.  Branch,  182a,  9906 

V.  Commissioners  of  Appeals,  324 

V.  Dudley,  762 

V.  Forrest,  4S7o 

V.  Jarrett  Const.  Co.,  67  S.  E.  265; 
752a 

V.  Jarrett  Const.  Co.,  152  N.  C. 
100;  752 

V.  McKinnon,  178  N.  Y.  451;  914 

V.  McKinnon,  79  App.  Div.  249; 
916 

V.  McNatt,  317,  388,  565 

V.  McNeill,  1326 

V.  Morris,  910 

V.  Perry,  189,  222,  948 

V.  Second  Ave.  Traction  Co.,  481, 
482,  485,  1363 

V.  Whitsitt,  665 
Williston  V.  Matthews,  647c 

V.  Smith,  451 
Willits  V.  Chicago,  B.  &  K.  C.  Ry.,  942 
Willock  V.  Beaver  Valley  R.  R.,  1120 
Willoughby    v.    Atkinson    Furnishing 
Co.,  999i 

V.  Backhouse,  55 

V.  Comstock,  1069 

V.  Northeastern  R.  R.,  363a 

V.  Thomas,  667 
Willover  v.  Hill,  451 
Wills  V.  AUison,  271 

V.  Brown,  308a 
,v.  Forester,  418 

V.  Wells,  261 


are  to  sections] 

Willsen  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1372 
Willson  V.  McEvoy,  801 

V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  1342 

V.  Willson,  959,  966,  968,  969,  973, 
974,  979,  982,  1275 
Willy  V.  Fitzpatrick,  973 
Wilmans  v.  Bank  of  Illinois,  301 
Wilmerding  v.  McKessoro,  3116 
Wilmes  v.  MinneapoUs,  etc.,  R.  R.,  1154 
Wilmington  Candy  Co.  v.  Remington 

Mach.  Co.,  767 
Wilmington  Transp.  Co.  v.  O'Neil,  423 

V.  The  Old  Kensington,  599c 
Wilmington.&  W.  Raihoad  v.  King,  278 

p.  Smith,  1130 

V.  Stauffer,  1165 
Wilmot  V.  Gardner,  310 

V.  McPadden,  5716  . 
Wilmoth  V.  Hamilton,  740 
Wilms  V.  White,  445 
Wilson  V.  Apple,  448c 

V.  Arnold,  559a 

V.  Atlanta  &  C.  Ry.,  844,  854 

V.  Atlantic  Coast  Line  R.  R.,  363 

V.  Baltimore,  416a 

V.  Barnes,  106 

V.  Bauman,  655a,  6556 

V.  Big  Joe  B.  C.  Co.,  423 

V.  Borden,  615,  642 

D.  Bowen,  358,  366 

V.  Brett,  368 

V.  Cantrel,  692 

V.  Cent,  of  Ga.  Ry.,  226^ 

V.  Chicago  City  Ry.,  483,  1359 

V.  Cobb,  324a 

V.  Cochran,  973 

V.  Coulter,  4806,  1338 

V.  County,  33  lo 

V.  Dame,  834a 

V.  Daniel,  1285 

V.  Davis,  343 

V.  Dean,  411,  1266 

V.  Dunville,  164,  765 

V.  Ellis,  226c 

V.  Equitable  Gas  Co.,  253,  1171 

V.  Forbes,  959,  966,  973,  978 

V.  General  I.  S.  C.  Co.,  136 

».  George,  280 

V.  Godkin,  407 

V,  Graham,  635 


3078 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections]. 


Wilson  V.  Granby,  234 

V.  Greensboro,  829,  1067 

V.  Hike,  1368 

V.  Hillhouse,  540,  565c 

V.  Holden,  1023 

V.  Irish,  973 

V.  Kelly,  345 

V.  Kenyon,  451 

V.  King,  762 

V.  Kisri,  667 

V.  Knott,  655c 

V.  Lancashire  &  Y.  Ry.,  1216,  136, 

146,  854 
V.  MoEvoy,  236,  685m 
V.  Manning,  565a 
V.  Marsh,  334 
».  Martin,  205 
V.  Matthews,  509 
V.  Middleton,  386 
V.  Morgan,  1368 
V.  Nations,  447 
V.  New  Bedford,  33 
V.  New  Orleans,  etc.,  R.  R.,  368 
V.  New  U.  S.  Cattle  Ranch  Co., 

778,  781 
V.  Newport  Dock  Co.,  135,  146, 

226a 
V.  Nightingale,  61 
V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  43A 
t:.  Northampton,    etc.,   Ry.,    610, 

620 
V.  Oatman,  922 
V.  Peelle,  966 
V.  People,  692/ 
V.  Raybould,  990c 
V.  Reedy,  151,  164a 
V.  Root,  237 

V.  St.  Louis  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  852 
V.  Seattle,  R.  &  S.  Ry.,  226a 
V.  Spencer,  1007 
V.  Stillwell,  789 
V.  Sullivan,  341 

V.  Troy,  135  N.  Y.  96;  316,  318 
V.  Troy,  60  Hun,  183;  337 
».  Reedy,  767 
w.  Rockford,  R.  I.  &  St.  L.  R.  R., 

1165 
V.  Russler,  734 
V.  Sandford,  1285 
t;.  Shepler,  445 


Wilson  V.  Southern  Pacific  Co.,  483 

V.  Spencer,  959 

V.  Sproul,  473 

V.  State,  692i 

V.  Vaughan,  361,  365 

V.  Waddell,  33 

V.  Wagar,  107d,  660 

V.  Weil,  167 

V.  Wemwag,  612 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  888 

V.  Wheeling,  3806,  481 

V.  Whitaker,  30 

V.  Wichita  County,  692/ 

I).  Wilkinson,  310a 

V.  Yocum,  186 

V.    York,    Newcastle    &    Berwick 
Railway,  856a 

V.  Young,  487a 
Wilson,  The,  599 
Wiltburger  v.  Randolph,  308,  310 
Wilton  V.  Webster,  478 
Wilts  V.  Morrell,  811 
Wiltse  V.  TUden,  580a,  1367 
Wimber  v.  Iowa  Cent.  Ry.,  1356 
Wimberg  v.  Schevegeman,  98 
Wimple  V.  Patterson,  777 
Winans  v.  Sierra  Lumber  Co.,  614 
Winbume  v.  Bryan,  58 
Winch  V.  Mutual  B.  I.  Co.,  301 
Winchell  v.  National  Exp.  Co.,  1296 
Winchester  v.  Craig,  317,  502,  933 

V.  Patterson,  844 
:  V,  Stevens  Point,  93,  924 
Windham  v.  Rhame,  373 

V.  Coats,  680 
WindmuUer  v.  Pope,  636d,  636i,  734 
Wineberg  v.  DuBois,  123 
Winfrey  v.  St.  Louis  Trans.  Co.,  1347 
Wing  V.  Chapman,  766 

V.  Milliken,  504,  934 

V.  Seske,  109 
Wingate  v.  Mechanics'  Bank,  819. 

V.  Smith,  505 
Wingoy.  Inman  Mills,  363 
Winkfieid,  The,  76 
Winklemans  v.  Des  Moines  N.  W.  Ry,; 

1165 
Winkler  v.  Racine  Wagon  &  C.  Co., 
666, -667 

V.  Roeder,  233 


l-ABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


307d 


Winkler  v.  St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry., 

1342,  1353 
Winn  V.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1355 

V.  Peckham,  372,  385 

V.  Southgate,  673/ 
Winne  v.  Illinois  C.  R.  R.,  862 

V.  Kelley,  189,  646b,  991 
Winnepiseogee  P.  Co.  v.  Eaton,  959, 

975,  982 
Winningham  v.  Philbrick,  1330 
Winnisimmet  Co.  v.  Grueby,  1295 
Winnt  t».  International  &  G.  N.  R.  R., 

576,  1262 
Winona  v.  Minnesota  Ry.  C.  Co.,  346 
Winona  &  St.  P.  R.  R.  v.  Denman,  1148 

V.  Waldron,  1229,  1148,  1167 
Winona  Technical  Institute  v.  Stolte, 

1359 
Winship  v.  Clendenning,  685o 

V.  Pitts,  950 
Winside  State  Bank  v.  Lound,  1299 
Winslow  V.  Ancrum,  678 

V.  Hathaway,  316 

V.  Lane,  193 

V.  McCall,  968 

V.  Newlan,  777 

V.  People,  311d 

V.  Stokes,  84 
Winslow  Bros.  Co.  v.  Du-Puy,  752 
Winslow,  E.  &  M.  Co.  v.  Hoffman,  159, 

183 
Winstead  v.  Hicks,  684o 

!).  Hulme,  233,  234,  359 
Winston  C.  M.  Co.  v.  Wells-Whitehead 

T.  Co.,  194,  619 
Winter  v.  Montgomery,  1154a 

V.  Peterson,  373 

V.  Simonton,  554 

V.  Trimmer,  678,  679,  946 
Winterbottom  v.  Derby, 

V.  Wright,  32,  105 
Wintermute  v.  Cooke,  257,  736 

V.  Redington,  1220 
Winters  v.  Cowen,  234,  359 

V.  McGhee,  75 
Winthrop  v.  Carleton,  304 
Wintz  V.  Morrison,  125,  679 
Wire  V.  Foster,  107c,  734,  753 
Wirsing  v.  Smith,  386 
Wirth  V.  Calhoun,  667 


Wisconsin  M.  &  F.  I.  Co.  Bank  v. 

Durner,  685j 
Wisdom  V.  Newberry,  991 
Wise  V.  Metcalfe,  999A 

V.  Wabash  R.  R.,  219 
Wisecarver  v.  Chicago,  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry., 
852 

V.  Wisecarver,  685fc 
Wiswall  V.  Brinson,  810 

V.  M'Gown,  3 
Witcher  v.  Jones,  448d,  1305 
Witham  v.  Cohen,  170 
Witheral  v.  Muskegon  Booming  Co., 

942 
Witherbee  v.  Meyer,  189 
Witherby  v.  Mann,  797,  798 
Witherow  v.  Briggs,  331 
Withers  v.  Buckley,  1101 

V.  Edwards,  607 

V.  Greene,  1039,  1060 
Witherspoon  v.  Cross,  682 

V.  Duncan,  416 

V.  McCalla,  966 
Witherow  v.  Commonwealth,  692 
Withy  V.  Mumford,  956 
Witkop  &  Holmes  Co.  v.  Great  A.  &  P. 

T.  Co.,  371 
Witkowski  v.  Hill,  78 
Witliff  V.  Spreen,  516c 
Witson  V.  The  Mayor,  1108 
Witt  V.  Latimer,  172 
Witte  V.  Clarke,  305 
Wittenberg  v.  MoUyneaux,   180,  312, 

636? 
Wittich  V.  O'Neal,  236,  237,  685m 
Wittkowski  v.  Harris,  339o 
Witty  V.  Hightower,  956 

V.  Springfield  Traction  Co.,  1363 
Witwer  v.  Cedar  Rapids,  1112o 
Woeckner  v.  Erie  E.  M.  Co.,  486c 
Woert  V.  Jenkins,  351,  364,  373o 
Woerz  V.  Schumacher,  304 
Wofford  V.  Ashcraft,  973 

V.  Wyly,  345 
Wohlenberg  v.  Melchert,  1363 
Wolcott  V.  Eagle  Ins.  Co.,  713 

V.  Mount,  170,  191,  768 

V.  Townsend,  909a 
Woldert  v.  Arledge,  753 
Woldert  Grocery  Co.  v.  Wilkinson,  636d 


3080 

[References 

Wolf  V.  D.  M.  &  F.  D.  Ry.,  416,  419 

V.  Express  Co.,  119 

V.  Frank,  4806 

V.  National  M.  &  F.  I.  Co.,  712 

V.  St.   Louis  Independent  Water 
Co.,  225 

V.  Studebaker,  208,  608,  624,  989 

V.  Trinkle,  47,  50,  484 

V.  Weiner,  999c 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  876 

V.  Wolf,  86(? 
Wolf   Creek   Diamond   Coal   Co.    v. 

Schultz,  416 
Wolfe  V.  Door,  550 

V.  Howard  Ins.  Co.,  722 

V.  Howes,  655c,  672 

V.  Johnson,  1254 

V.  Lacy,  317,  344 

V.  Parham,  635 

V.  Sharp,  308 

V.  Weir,  169a 
Wolff  V.  Cohen,  386,  489 

V.  Georgia  S.  &.  F.  R.  R.,  1137 

V.  Hyass,  9906 

V.  Matthews,  302o 

V.  Schaefer,  681o,  692c 

V.  Smith,  44Sd 
Wolff  Shirt  Co.  v.  Frankenthal,  182 
Wolfley  V.  Rising,  531o 
Wolfort  V.  Reilly,  310o 
Wolfskehl  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  878 
WoUenslagle  ».  Runals,  1030 
Wolters  V.  St.  Louis,  1140 

V.  Schultz,  638o,  6386,  638c 
Wolverton  v.  Commonwealth,  692 
Womaek  v.  Coleman,  414 

V.  McQuarry,  999c 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  58  Tex.  176; 
876 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  22  S.  W.  417; 
894d 
Womble  v.  Hickson,  642 
Wonsettler  v.  Lee,  6735 
Wood  V.  American  Nat.  Bank,  363o 

V.  Auburn  &  Rochester  Railroad, 
1131 

V.  Barker,  49  Mich.  295;  664a 

V.  Barker,  37  Ala.  60;  683 

V.  Bibbins,  959,  981 

V.  Braynard,  538 


TABLE   OP  CASES 


are  to  sections] 

Wood  V.  Brown,  688 

V.  Brush,  1031 

V.  Bullens,  270 

V.  Corl,  301 

V.  Fowler,  1050 

V.  Fulton,  685A 

V.  Hammond,  301c 

V.  Hickok,  310 

V.  Hudson,  1147 

V.  Joliet  Gaslight  Co.,  645 

V.  Kelso,  700a 

V.  Kingston  Coal  Co.,  959,  981 

V.  Leland,  1  Met.  387;  807 

V.  Leland,  1  Met.  388;  807 

V.  Lane,  42 

V.  Louisville  &  N.  R.  R.,  1356 

V.  Lowden,  692d 

V.  Morewood,  501,  935 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  202 

V.  Pa.  R.  R.,  117 

V.  Phoenix  Ins.  Co.,  717 

V.  Philadelphia,  W.  &  B.  R.  R., 
574a,  578 

V.  Schettler,  612 

V.  Sharpless,  999A 

V.  Smith,  298,  310 

V.  Snider,  431 

V.  State,  685e 

V.  Stourbridge  Ry.,  1093 

V.  Wade,  792 

V.  Watertown,  171 

V.  Watson,  700 

V.  West  Boston,  etc.,  Bridges,  1154c 

V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  894 

V.  Wood,  1  Met.  512;  762 

V.  Wood,  83  N.  Y.  575;  916 

V.  Young,  1343 
Wood  et  al.  v.  Robins,  292,  303 
Woodard  Iron  Co.  v.  Curl,  486c 
Woodberry  v.  Warner,  665 
Woodborne  v.  Scarborough,  565 
Woodbum  v.  Cogdal,  317,  538,  689 
Woodbury  v.  District,  334 

V.  Jones,  607a 

V.  Turner  D.  &  W.  M.  Co.,  417 
Wooden  v.  Davis,  226c 
Wooden  Ware  Co.  v.  U.  S.,  573,  504 
Woodfield  V.  Colzey,  308a 
Woodfolk  V.  Nashville  &  C.  R.  R.,  1148 

V.  Kelley,  426 


TABLE   OF   CASES 


3081 


[References 
Woodger  v.  Great  Western  Ry.,  856 
Woodham  v.  Gelston,  317,  563 
Woodhouse  v.  Powles,  358,  443 
WoodhuU  V.  Rosenthal,  908 

v.  Wagner,  275 
Woodin  V.  Wentworth,  189 
Woodland  v.  Union  Pac.  R.  R.,  318 
Woodland  Cemetery  Co.  v.  Ellison,  3406 
Woodman  v.  Freeman,  1256a 
Woodruff  V.  Bacon,  341 

V.  Brown,  921 

V.  Buace,  973 

V.  Cook,  1268 

V.  Gamer,  910 

V.  Hill,  695 

V.  Hough,  657 

V.  Richardson,  1326 

V.  Webb,  325 
Woods  V.  Anderson,  451 

V.  Banks,  69 

V.  Com.,  692 

V.  Cramer,  765 

V.  Devin,  873 

V.  Finnell,  468 

V.  Klein,  531o,  533 

V.  McCaU,  53 

V.  Nichols,  497^ 

V.  Pope,  999A 

V.  Vamum,  107c,  109 
Woodside  v.  Globe  M.  I.  Co.,  713 
Woodson  V.  Scott,  1328 
Woodstock  Bank  v.  Downer,  803 
Woodstock,  H.  &  S.  M.  Co.  v.  Charles- 
ton L.  &  W.  Co.,  95,  123,  1149 
Woodstock  Iron  Works  v.  Kline,  574a 

V.  Stockdale,  132,  927 
Woodward  v.  Bellamy,  641 

V.  Boscabel,  1216 

V.  Donnell,  171a 

V.  Fuller,  657 

V.  George  N.  Pierce  Co.,  226^ 

V.  Illinois  C.  R.  R.  317,  844 

V.  Jones,  991 

V.  Miller,  765 

V.  Powers,  763 

V.  Ragland,  378,  380a 

V.  Suydam,  822 

V.  Thacher,  762,  777 

V.  Woodward,  324a 
Woodward  Iron  Co.  v.  Sheehan,  1355 


are  to  sections] 


Wood  worth  v.  Curtis,  734 

V.  Hascall,  259 

V.  McLean,  618 

V.  Northwestern  M.  L.  I.  Co.,  688a 

V.  Woodburn,  762 
Woody  V.  Bennett,  762 
Woolcott  V.  Gray,  556 
Wooldridge  v.  Witkins,  922 
Woolenslagle  v.  Runals,  43Qd,  777 
Wooley  V.  Carter,  53 

V.  Edson,  55,  76,  593a 
Woolf  V.  Schaefer,  646o 
Woolheather  v.  Risley,  1251 
WooUey  v.  Van  Volkenburgh,  700,  701 
Woolman  v.  Wirtsbaugh,  777,  1027 
Woolner  v.  Spalding,  531,  682 
Woolsey  v.  Bailey,  750 

V.  Crawford,  700 

V.  New  York  El.  R.  R.,  1203, 1207 
Wooster  v.  Kisch,  416 

V.  Simonson,  1222 

V.  Taylor,  1241 
Wooten  V.  Read,  659 
Worcester  v.  Mfg.  Co.,  1163 
Worden  v.  Canadian  P.  Ry.,  844 

V.  Davis,  463 
Wordin  v.  Bemis,  857 
Work  V.  Bennett,  514,  1069 

V.  Glaskins,  341 
Workman  v.  Great  N.  Ry.,  64,  942 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  Co.  v. 
Pasteur-Chamberland  Filter  Co.,  618 
Worley  v.  Hineman,  979,  982 
Wormer  v.  Biggs,  945 
Worrall  t.  Munn,  38  N.  Y.  137;  307, 
919,  1021o 

V.  Munn,  53  N.  Y.  185;  1021a 
Worrell  v.  Hurtig,  416 

V.  Kinnear  Mfg.  Co.,  617,  636a 

V.  McClinaghan,  419 
Worsham  v.  Gainesville,   etc.,   R.   R., 
1143 

V.  Lancaster,  12866 

V.  Vignal,  317,  324o 
Worster  v.  Canal  Bridge  Co.,  1326 
Worth  V.  Edmonds,  2266 
Worthem  v.  Wihnot,  734,  738,  745 
Worthington  v.  Campbell,  1012a 

;;.  Gwin,  607 

V.  Hiss,  909a 


3082  TABLE 

[References 

Worthington  v.  Oak  &  H.  P.  I.  Co.,  667 

V.  Warrington,  1002 

V.  Young,  916,  917 
Worthington,  Tlie,  v.  Davis,  587 
Worthy  v.  Jones,  277,  756 

V.  Patterson,  762 
Woxland  v.  Northwestern  C.  M.  Co., 

1367 
Wragg  V.  Mead,  976,  980a 
Wray  v.  Knoxville  L.  F.  &  J.  R.  R., 
11656 

V.  Railroad,  1148 
Wren  v.  Winter,  85a 
Wrenn  v.  Morgan,  762 
Wright  V.  Baldwin,  837 

V.  Bank  of  Metropolis,  228/,  511, 
512a,  521,  523,  815 

V.  Beardsley,  45 

V.  Broome,  671 

».  Chandler,  929 

V.  Chapin,  795 

V.  Compton,  47,  1270 

V.  Computing  Scale  Co.,  164a 

V.  Cumpsty,  650 

V.  Crawfordsville,  580a 

V.  Davenport,  762 

V.  Dobie,  406 

V.  Donnell,  362 

V.  Eaves,  345 

V.  E,  E.  BoUes  Woodenware  Co., 
934a 

V.  Glen  Falls,  S.  H.  &  F.  E.  S. 
R.  R.,  380 

V.  Gray,  121a 

V.  Falkner,  667 

V.  Hagerman,  1337 

V.  Harris,  692j 

V.  Haskell,  651 

V.  Hollywood  Cemetery  Corp.,  359, 
373 

II.  Jacobs,  270 

V.  Jones,  383a 

V.  Keith,  2266 

V.  Lang,  692y 

V.  Lattin,  9996 

V.  Macdonnell,  998 

V.  Mulvaney,  182o,  195,  200,  435a 

V.  New  York,   etc.,   El.   R.   R., 
11986 

V.  Nipple,  975,  976 


OF  CASES 

are  to  sections] 

Wright  V.   Pemigewasset  Power  Co., 
1149,  1166d 

V.  Quirk,  1041 

V.  Roach,  1027 

V.  Sanderson,  618,  644 

V.  Schroeder,  451 

V.  Skinner,  502 

V.  Smith,  1257 

V.  Spencer,  61 

V.  Stowe,  940 

V.  Vaughan,  734 

V.  Wright,  1  Litt.  179;  655 

V.  Wright,  49  Mich.  624;  90 

V.  Young,  1021 
Wright  and  Pole,  Matter  of,  724 
Wrightup  V.  Chamberlain,  773 
Wrynn  v.  Downey,  639 
Wuensch  v.  Morning  Journal  Associa- 
tion, 451 
Wunderlich  v.  Mayor  of  New  York, 
1326 

V.  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  1120 
Wunsch  V.  Northern  Pac.  R.  R.,  873 

V.  Weber,  1309 
Wustland  v.  Potterfield,  76 
Wyandotte  &  C.  Sts.,  217 
Wyandotte  &  C.  Streets,  In  re,  1140 
Wyandotte  &  K.  C.  G.  Co.  v.  SchUefer, 

308 
Wyandotte,  K.  C.  &  N.  Ry.  v.  Waldo, 

1140 
Wyamt  v.  Crouse,  121d,  929 
Wyatt  V.  Harrison,  93a 

V.  Herring,  109 
Wyche  v.  Myrick,  692 
Wyckoff  V.  Bodine,  1042 

V.  Horan,  764 

V.  Wyckoff,  324a 
Wyeman  v.  Deady,  378 
Wyeth  V.  Morris,  777 
Wykoff  V.  Wykoff,  917 
Wyler  v.  LouisviUe  &  N.  R.  R.,  854 
WyUe  V.  Birch,  547 

V.  Ohio  R.  &  C.  R.  R.,  81 

V.  Smitherman,  8  Ired.  236;  428 

V.  Smitherman,  30  N.  C.  236;  364, 
366 
Wyllie  V.  Wilkes,  675c 
Wyman  v.  American  Powder  Co.,  519 

V,  Ballard,  967,  973 


TABLE   OF   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


3083 


Wyman  v.  Brigden,  979 

V.  Hubbard,  3116 

V.  Leavitt,  43/,  44 

V.  Pike,  1360 

V.  Kobinson,  678 
Wynn  v.  Broolce,  804 
Wynne  v.  Atlantic  Ave.  R.  R.,  1350, 
1363 

V.  Mason,  685Z 

V.  Parsons,  234,  359 
Wynning  v.  Detroit  L.  &  N.  R.  R.,  5715 
Wyoming  Nat.  Bank  v.  Brown,  324a, 

334 
Wysocki  v.  Wisconsin  Lakes  I.  &  C. 
Co.,  1359 


X 


Xavier  v.  Oliver,  449 


Yakima  County  v.  Tullar,  1154a 
Yale  V.  Saunders,  55,  494a 
Yale  Lock  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Sargent,  1240 
Yandle  v.  Kingsbury,  537,  538 
Yankee,  The,  v.  Gallagher,  599b 
Yarborough  v.  Nettles,  432a,  933 

».  Weaver,  565,  565a 
Yater  w.  Mullen,  493 
Yates  V.  Burch,  688 

V.  Dunster,  999A 

V.  James,  lOll,  1017 

w.' Joyce,  29,  73,  5656 

V.  New  York  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R., 
383a,  865 

V.  South  Kirby,  etc..  Collieries,  436 

V.  Whyte,  67a,  590,  591 
Yatsuyagi  v.  Shimamura,  416 
Yaws  V.  Jones,  3016 
Yazoo  &  M.  V.  R.  R.  v.  Aden,  226^ 
.      V.  Baldwin,  630 

V.  Beattie,  1362 

V.  Cobb,  1347 

V.  Christmas,  363 

V.  Davis,  1108,  1110 

V.  Fitzgerald;  365 

V.  Grant,  1349 

V.  Hardie,  363 

V.  KeUy,  1347 


Yazoo  &  M.  V.  R.  R.  v.  Millsaps,  119 

V.  Mitchell,  363a,  366 

V.  Sanders,  373 

V.  Scott,  1355 

V.  Wallace,  1356 

V.  White,  364,  366 
Yazzo-Mississippi  D.  L.  Commission- 
ers w.  Harkleroads,  1154 

V.  Hendricks,  1149 
Yea  V.  Lethbridge,  555 
Yeager  v.  Berry,  1215 

V.  Fairmont,  72 

V.  Weaver,  984a,  1330 
Yeager,  The,  67a 
Yeates  v.  Reed,  448 
Yeatman  v.  Corder,  834 
Yeaton  v.  Bemey,  340c 
Yeats  V.  Ballentine,  656,  657 
Yeazel  v.  Alexander,  1279 
Yelland's  Case,  666,  667 
Yellow  Pine  L.  Co.  v.  Carroll,  301 
Yellow  Poplar  Lumber  Co.  v.  Chap- 
man, 739,  753 
Yellow  T.  L.  Co.  v.  Ford,  1355 
Yellowly  v.  Ktt  County,  337 
Yellowstone  Park  R.  R.  v.  Bridger  Coal 

Co.,  1265 
Yelton  V.  Hawkins,  964  ' 

V.  Slinkard,  317,  533,  536 
Yenner  ».  Hammond,' 408,  417 
Yeomans  ».  Bell,  777 
Yerian  v.  Linkletter,  368 
Yerkes  v.  Northern  Pac.  Ry.,  1356 
Yetter  v.  Hudson,  411 
Yoakum  v.  Dunn,  856 
Yoder  v.  Allen,  746 

V.  Strong,  414 
Yokom  V.  McBride,  1010 
Yokum  V.  Thomas,  239,  982,  983 
Yonge  V.  Pacific  M.  S.  S.  Co.,  863 
Yoos  V.  Rochester,  71 
York  w.  Allen,  973    , 

V.  Cedar  Rapids,  1112a 

V.  Everton,  181 

V.  Farmers'  Bank,  302a 

t).  Pacific  &  I.  N.  Ry.,  1367 

V.  Wistar,  310 

V.  York  Rys.,  416a 
York  D.  M.  Co.  v.  Lusk,  45  Kan.  182; 
734,  741 


3084  TABLE 

[References 

York  D.  M.  Co.  v.  Lusk,  6  Kan.  App. 

629;  636d,  734 
Yorke  v.  VerPlank,  734 
Yorton  V.  Milwaukee,  L.  S.  &  W.  Ry., 

222,  865,  868 
Yost  V.  Conioy,  1295 

V.  Tracy,  464,  466,  1336 
Youghiogheny  &  O.  C.  Co.  v.  Verstine, 

Hibbard  &  Co.,  737 
Youmans  v.  Heartt,  305 
Young  V.  Bennett,  451 

V.  Berman,  991 

V.  Borzone,  1032 

V.  Butler,  973 

V.  Carney,  692i 

y.  Chandler,  1284 

V.  Courtney,  229 

V.  Cureton,  197,  734,  742o 

V.  Dalton,  6226,  756 

V.  Dickey,  308o,  310 

V.  Englehard,  1330 

u.  Extension  Ditch  Co.,  942 

V.  Filley,  762,  777 

V.  Fluke,  325,  331 

V.  Fox,  368,  377,  1335 

V.  Gentis,  937 

V.  Godbe,  311 

V.  Gormley,  119  la.  546;  363a 

V.  Gormley,  120  la.  372;  462,  465 

V.  Hare,  681o 

V.  Harrison,  1137 

V.  Hill,  344,  345 

V.  Hosmer,  554 

V.  McClung,  977 

V.  Mahoning  County,  917 

V.  Mantz,  999A 

V.  Mertens,  373a 

V.  O'Brien,  1364 

V.  Polack,  304 

V.  Reynolds,  676 

v.  Siemens,  450 

V.  Spencer,  74,  100 

V.  State,  338 

V.  Stevenson,  265 

V.  Stone,  972 

V.  Thrasher,  921,  922 

0.  Thompson,  330 

V.  Tustin,  233 

1).  Union  Ins.  Co.,  711 

V.  West,  191 


OF  CASES 
are  to  sections] 

Young  V.  Western  U.  T.  Co.,  45a,  46, 
894 
V.  White,  419 
V.  Willet,  536 
Youngblood  v.  South  Carolina  &  G.  R. 

R.,  490 
Youngquist   v.    Minneapolis   St.   Ry., 

1367 
Youngs  V.  McDonald,  685A; 
Youngstown  v.  Moore,  1112 
Yount  V.  Strickland,  1355 
Yundt  V.  Hartrunft,  478 


Zabinsko  v.  Bedford  Garage,  1334 

Zabriskie  v.  Smith,  83 

Zabron  v.  Cunard  S.  S.  Co.,  45o 

Zachary  v.  Swanger,  624 

Zagelmeyer  v.  Cincinnati,  S.  &  M.  R.  R., 

865 
Zebley  v.  Storey,  457 
Zehner  v.  Dale,  734 
Zeibold  v.  Foster,  1152 
Zeigler  v.  Metropolitan  St.  Ry.,  1355 

V.  Powell,  234 

V.  Wells,  256 
Zeliff  t>.  Jennings,  1263 
Zell  V.  Dunaway,  484,  485,  490 
Zender  v.  Seliger-Toothill  Co.,  666 
Zenobia,  The,  862 
Zent  V.  Picken,  966 
Zerfing  v.  Mourer,  476 
Zibell  V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  484,  485, 

485a 
Ziebarth  v.  Nye,  92,  924fl,  932 
Ziegenheim    :;.    Baltimore    Wholesale 

Grocery  Co.,  171 
Ziegler  v.  Gerlach,  755 

V.  Maner,  1070 

V.  Powell,  241,  386 
Zimmer  v.   New  York  Cent.   R.   R., 

851 
Zimmerman  v.  Bonzar,  1334 

V.  Druecker,  766 

V.  Eschbaoh,  911 

V.  Galbraith,  1024 

V.  Helser,  363a 

V.  Langles,  341 

V.  Shreeve,  72,  74 


TABLE   OP   CASES 
[References  are  to  sections] 


3086 


Zimmerman  v.  Timmenuann,  73S 

V.  Zimmerman,  Q73d 
Zindorf  v.  Western  American  Co.,  4926 
Zink  V.  Langton,  336 
Zinn  t>.  New  Jersey  S.  B.  Co.,  608,  854 

o.  Rice,  467 
Zinsmeister  &   Bro.   v.   Rock   Island 
Canning  Co.,  755 


Zion  V.  Southern  Pac.  Co.,  865 
Zipperlein  v.  Pittsburg,  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry., 

319 
Zippert  V.  Acme  A.  E.  &  P.  Co.,  156 
Zitske  0.  Goldberg,  536,  637,  540 
Zottman  v.  San  Francisco,  656 
Zouch  V.  Chesapeake  &  O.  R.  R.,  851 
Zuller  V.  Rogers,  765 


INDEX 


[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ABANDONED  cutting,  appropriation  of,  1150. 
ABANDONMENT  for  constructive  total  loss,  709,  711. 
not  allowed  in  fire  insurance,  720. 
of  contract,  rescission  involves,  655o. 

recovery  after,  658  et  seq. 
of  lease  by  tenant,  999/. 

of  premises,  mesne  profits  not  recoverable  after,  913. 
of  property  taken,  effect  of,  on  claim  for  compensation,  1160. 
ABATEMENT  of  nuisance,  action  for,  91,  924,  946,  1151. 
recovery  for  expense  of,  948. 
of  purchase  price  of  land  on  partial  failure  of  title,  1021. 
damages  upon  plea  in,  1273. 
ABDUCTION  of  child,  d.  for,  449,  469. 
ABILITY  to  earn,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  580o. 

compensation  for  loss  of,  by  injury  to  passenger,  860. 
to  labor,  of  deceased,  in  actions  for  death,  574a. 
ABNEGATED  OPTION,  281,  424a. 
ABORTION,  d.  for  seduction,  whether  aggravated  by,  475. 
ABSTRACT  OF  TITLE,  value  of,  261. 
ABUSE  OP  PROCESS,  564. 

ABUTMENT  FOR  BRIDGE,  value  of  land  as,  1171e. 
ABUTTER,  whether  liable  for  interest  on  street  assessment,  332. 
damages  to,  1120. 

not  owning  fee  of  street,  what  is  new  burden  on,  1152a. 
ABUTTING  STREET,  elevated  railway  on,  1117. 

damages  for  cutting  down,  1123. 
ACCEPT,  failure  to.    See  Non- Acceptance. 

d.  for  failure  to,  700,  706,  707. 
ACCEPTANCE  of  street,  1112a,  n. 

of  goods  from  carrier,  reduction  of  d.  by,  848. 
not  waiver  of  d.  for  delay  in  delivery,  743. 
during  transportation,  841. 
of  converted  property,  494. 
of  partial  performance  of  contract,  d.  on,  636. 
of  work  not  according  to  contract,  656,  659. 
ACCEPTOR,  UabiUty  of,  to  drawer  or  indorser,  700. 
to  costs,  705. 
recovery  of  costs  by,  705. 
ACCESS,  cutting  off,  1116  n.,  1120,  1123  n. 
damage  to,  1095,  1149  n.,  1165o,  n. 
destruction  of,  1115. 

3087 


3088  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ACCESS— Continued. 

difficulties  of,  1163,  1164. 

impairment  of,  1117,  1164,  1165a,  11656. 
by  excavations  in  street,  1123. 
by  elevation  of  roadway,  1123. 
by  viaduct,  1121. 

interruption  of,  1123,  1160a. 

interruption  of  easement  of,  217,  1116,  1165a. 

obstruction  of,  1095,  1122. 

temporary  interference  with,  1117  n. 

from  highway  to  land,  35  n. 

to  ferry,  1096. 

to  harbor,  1093. 

to  public  house,  1092. 

to  public  road,  1095. 

to  pubhc  thoroughfares,  1093,  1095. 

to  road  on  plan,  1096. 

to  river,  182,  1093. 

to  sewer,  1093. 

of  light  and  air,  obstructing  of,  1092. 
ACCESSION,  effect  of,  in  action  of  replevin,  534. 
in  action  of  trover,  499-504. 
in  action  for  trespass  to  real  estate,  934. 
ACCIDENT,  no  exemplary  d.  for,  363. 

collision  by  inevitable,  587. 

division  of  loss  in  case  of  inevitable,  587. 

no  recovery  for  increased  liability  to,  where  railroad  crossing  is  laid  out 
over  railroad,  1152a. 
ACCIDENT  INSURANCE,  731.    See  Insubance. 
ACCIDENTAL  FIRES,  danger  from,  1163. 
ACCIDENTAL  INJURY  gives  no  grovmd  for  exemplary  d.,  363. 
ACCOMMODATION  PAPER,  recovery  on,  702. 

recovery  of  litigation  expenses  by  maker  of,  803. 
ACCOMMODATION  PARTY,  liability  of,  704. 

recovery  of  costs  by,  705,  803. 
ACCOMMODATIONS,  d.  for  failure  of  carrier  to  furnish,  865a. 
ACCORD  AND  SATISFACTION,  acceptance  of  money  may  be,  650. 
ACCOUNT,  object  of  action  of,  4. 

value  of,  258,  261. 

wrongful  attachment  of  books  of,  565. 

receipted,  value  of,  261. 

running,  recovery  on,  85,  85a. 

taking  by  equity  of,  1256?. 

of  profits  of  infringement,  1242. 

interest  on,  simple,  310. 

on  balance  of  mutual,  311. 
on  partnership,  310a. 
on  stated,  310,  311. 
on  mutual,  311. 

of  stock  brokers,  interest  on  by  custom,  311. 


INDEX  3089 

[References  are  to  seetions,  d.  me^ns  damage;  n.  mews  Rote.] 

ACCOUNT— Continued. 

between  mortgagor  and  mortgagee,  interest  on,  344. 

compound  interest  on,  by  custom,  344. 

of  officer,  recovery  on  bond  for  failure  to  render,  693/. 
whether  approval  of  releases  sureties,  692/. 
effect  of  rendering,  on  recovery  on  bpQd,  692e. 

of  guardian,  no  responsibiUty  on  bpnd  until  ordered  tp  fender,  692k. 
d.  oa  bond  tar  failure  to  render,  692b. 

of  executor  or  admimstrator,_d.  for  failure  to  settlei  IQlB, 
recovery  on  bopd  for  failiure  to  render,  &92j. 
ACCOUNTS,  distinct,  85a. 
ACCRETION,  rules  of  recovery  for,  499,  504. 
ACCRUAL,  of  damages,  by  actual  grading,  1151 » -36. 
ACCUMULATIONS,  expected  to  be  made  by  deceased,  574 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT,  Uabihty  of  notary  pubU?  for  taMpg  W  fcffged  deed, 

692ff. 
ACQUIESCENCE,  a  bar  under  civil  d.  statutes,  1252. 

consent  by,  1177. 
ACQUISITION  of  easement,  1116,  1149. 

of  property  held  by  water  company,  H7ld- 

of  use  of  track,  1150. 
ACT,  continuing,  88. 

d.  from,  made  lawful  by  statute,  1089. 

outside  charter  powers,  1110. 

physical,  court  may  require  pejrformance  of,  1309. 

taking  farm  under  flovage,  11716. 

unauthorized,  IIU). 

wrongful,  outside  statute  of  eminent  domain,  1100. 

not  actionable  at  common  law,  liafejlity  for  Jinder  stftute?  of  eminent 
domain,  1121. 

civil  damage.   See  Civil  I}a>ia(3£  Act. 
ACT  OF  GOD,  performance  erf  contract  prevented  by,  655c. 

rescission  of  contract  because  of,  65Se. 

recovery  on  injunction  bond  for  logs  caused  by,  6856. 

destruction  of  property  by,  during  replevin  proceedings,  691. 
ACTION,  amicable,  no  vindictive  d.  in,  383, 

barred  by  recoupment,  1073. 

not  by  failure  to  recoup,  1073. 

bringing  of,  constitutes  demand  for  payment,  302a. 

cause  of  cannot  be  split,  836. 

contract  of  indemnity  agaiast,  795. 

d.  for  neglect  to  defend,  831. 

d.  in  original,  how  far  recoverable  on  iniupctio4  bond,  685. 

d.  not  contrflllpd  by  form  of,  810. 

doctrine  of  recoupment  founded  on  ^.voidanee  of  circuity  of,  1040. 

form  of,  does  not  affect  d.,  30,  810. 

whether  important  in  recovery  of  d.  iqr  mental  suffering,  894a. 

for  conversion,  492. 

for  injury  to  passenger,  859. 

by  sender  of  telegram,  877. 

194 


3090  INDEX 

[References  are  to  Bectious,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ACTION— Continued. 

by  receiver  of  telegram,  878. 

immaterial  in  case  of  recoupment,  1044. 

loss  after  bringing  of,  86a. 

measure  of  d.  independent  of  form  of,  429. 

new,  for  renewed  injury,  88. 

only  one  for  one  injury,  84. 

not  so  clearly  indivisible  as  not  to  be  split  by  agreement,  856,  n. 

possessory,  691a. 

recoupment  confined  to  subject  matter  of,  1042. 

possibility  of  d.,  whether  authorizing,  100. 

right  of  is  personal,  1095. 

for  trespass  to  lands,  931. 

single,  joinder  of  similar  causes  in,  84o. 

subsequent,  1149  n. 

unauthorized,  839. 

vexatious,  232. 

against  carriers,  840. 

between  principal  and  agent,  810. 

by  subsequent  purchaser,  1175. 

for  conversion,  492. 

for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage  resembles  that  for  tort,  637. 

for  negUgence,  1166. 

for  trespass  to  lands,  923,  931. 

for  use  and  occupation  of  land,  9996. 

on  injunction  bond,  by  whom  brought,  685. 

conversion  of,  into  condemnation  proceedings  in  Minnesota,  1151. 
ACTIONS,  successive,  88. 

on  covenant  against  incumbrances,  968. 
ACTOR,  injury  to,  180,  180  n. 

notice  to  carrier  that  one  has  engagement  as,  161. 

liquidated  d.  to  secure  performance  of  contract  by,  398,  399. 
ACTUAL  DAMAGE  need  not  be  alleged  or  proved,  426. 
ACTUAL  INJURY,  relief  for  at  common  law,  96a. 
ACTUAL  LOSS  must  be  sustained  to  create  a  claim  for  d.,  32. 
not  necessary  for  nominal  d.,  98. 

recoverable  under  penalty  of  bond,  675d. 

in  action  on  statutory  bond,  680. 

on  fire  policy,  720. 

on  contract  of  indenmity,  794. 

d.  limited  to,  on  contract  of  indemnity,  801. 

against  agent,  813. 

for  carriers'  delay,  854. 

in  ejectment,  when  title  expires  pending  action,  901. 

for  trespass  to  lands,  923. 

for  breach  of  real  covenants,  953. 

on  covenant  of  warranty,  956. 
ACTUAL  VALUE  includes  potential,  1085. 

for  residential  purposes,  1171e. 
ADAPTABILITY  of  land  for  railroad  terminal,  11716. 


INDEX  3091 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ADAPTABILITY— Contmued. 

for  residence  purposes,  11716. 

for  truck  gardening,  11716. 
ADAPTING  property  to  changed  conditions,  recovery  of  cost  of,  1164. 
AD  DAMNUM,  when  damages  may  be  recovered  beyond,  1258. 
ADDITIONAL  bond,  liability  on,  692c. 

burden,  1109,  1123,  1152o. 

fencing,  1167. 

servitude  on  highway,  1120. 
of  telephone  Une,  11496. 

value  due  to  connections,  1173. 
ADDITIONS  to  work  called  for  by  contract,  compensation  for,  655. 

to  construction,  necessary,  1152. 
ADJACENT  LAND,  benefits  from,  1162. 

damage  to,  1112a,  n. 

injuries  to,  1115. 

throwing  stones  on,  1111. 

unreasonable  use  of,  1149a. 
ADJOINING  LAND,  benefit  from  improvement  on,  1162. 
ADJUSTMENT  OF  LOSS  by  experts  in  case  of  concurrent  insurance,  725. 
ADMINISTRATOR,  gets  action  for  injury  to  land  before  death  of  testator,  836. 

whether  chargeable  with  interest,  3116. 

not  hable  in  exemplary  d.,  362. 

d.  on  bond  of,  692j. 

for  failure  to  file  inventory,  692j. 

resale  by,  755. 

omission  of,  to  settle  accounts,  1106. 
ADMIRALTY,  nominal  d.  in,  108  n.,  599a. 

expenses  of  litigation  in,  235. 

interest  in,  324,  597o. 

award  of  damages  in,  bears  interest,  334. 

exemplary  d.  in,  352,  5996. 

rules  of  d.  adopted  in,  686. 

measure  of  d.  for  torts  in,  586  et  seq. 

measure  of  d.  for  collision  in,  587-598. 

apportionment  of  loss  in,  587,  599. 

consequential  d.  in,  589. 

uncertain  loss  in,  589. 

limitation  of  liability  in,  590. 

reduction  of  damages  in,  591. 

partial  loss  in,  592. 

earnings  of  the  vessel,  593. 

total  loss  in,  594. 

value  of  the  vessel,  595. 

damage  to  cargo  in,  596. 

negligent  injury  to  cargo,  696o. 

the  Barter  Act,  how  affecting  d.  in,  596a. 

costs  in,  597. 

stipulations  in,  598. 

d.  for  personal  injury  in,  599. 


3092  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
ADMIRALTY— Continued. 

contributory  negligence  in,  599. 

salvage  in,  599c. 

rule  in,  as  to  value  of  e»rgo,  845  n. 

d.  in,  for  delay  in  transportation  of  goods,  855. 

d.  in,  for  failure  to  furnish  accommodations,  SGSa. 
ADMISSIBILITY  OF  EVIDENCE,  11656,  1179.    See  Evidence. 
ADOPTION  or  acceptance  of  street,  1112a,  n. 
ADULT,  son  or  daughter,  d,  for  death  of,  576. 

recovery  by,  for  death  of  parent,  577. 
ADVANCE,  payment  in,  for  chattels,  507,  608,  514,  744,  746,  749. 

for  land,  1014. 
ADVANCEMENT,  whether  interest  on,  301c,  304. 
ADVANCES,  interest  on,  304. 

by  agent,  311e. 

by  executor,  3115. 

by  guardian,  Slid. 

recoupment  of  amount  of,  1069. 
ADVANTAGE,  from  continuance  of  life  of  child,  must  be  reasonably  proved,  576. 

from  cofttinuance  of  life  to  next  of  kin,  must  be  shown,  579. 

of  marriage,  compensation  for,  638. 
ADVERSE  claim,  reduction  of  d.  by,  1030. 
ADVERTISE;  contract  to  provide  space  to,  618  n. 

contract  right  to,  in  theatre,  1097. 
ADVERTISEMENT,  contract  to  supply,  608. 

failure  to  insert,  183,  618  n. 
ADVERTISING,  recovery  of  expense  of,  167. 

contract  price  for,  payable  ojj  breach  of  contract,  612. 

d.  for  failure  to  take  or  furnish,  633/. 

auctioneer  entitled  to  reimbursement  for,  834. 

enjoined  sale,  recovery  of  money  paid  for,  &85h. 
ADVERTISING  PRIVILEGE,  sale  of,  633/. 
ADVICE,  of  minor,  recovery  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  death,  576. 

of  adult  son,  recovery  for  loss  of,  576. 

of  parent,  recovery  by  child  of  loss  of,  through  death,  577. 
ADVICE  OF  COUNSEL,  mitigates  exemplary  d.,  3836. 

mitigates  d.  for  malicious  prosecution,  460. 
ADVOWSON,  899,  900. 
MTHELBERTI  LEGES,  9. 
AFFECTED  INJURIOUSLY,  meaning  of,  1118. 
AFFECTING  access,  11656. 

injuriously  other  lands,  1102. 

land  not  taken,  1113. 

leasehold  interest,  1172. 

value  by  previous  entry,  1174. 
AFFECTION,  of  deceased  shown  in  action  for  death,  580a, 

of  wife,  recovery  for  lass  of,  in  action  for  criminiEil  conversatioa,  478. 
AFFECTIONS,  injury  to,  a  ground  for  d.,  47. 

d.  for  alienation  of,  48,  480a,  4806. 

d.  for  wounded,  in  action  for  seduction,  473. 


INDEX  3093 

[References  axe  to  sections,  d.  means  dataage;  n,  means  note.] 
AFFECTIONS— ConJinued. 

no  recovery  for  wounded,  ia  aetion  for  death,  673(J. 

compensation  for  injury  to,  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriiige,  638a. 

excessive  damages  for  alienation  of,  1338. 
AFTER-ACQUIRED  TITLE,  efturifig  to  benefit  of  grafltee,  977. 

d.  on  real  covenants  reduced  because  of,  978. 
AGE  of  deceased  to  be  considered  in  assessing  damages  for  de&th,  6740. 

of  plaintiff  considered  in  actions  for  death>  574a. 

of  vessel,  d.  for  false  representations  as  tO,  441. 
AGENCY,  contract  for  exclusive,  633. 

commission  contracts,  193a. 

d.  in  actions  involving,  oh.  xxxvii. 

I. — PkINCIPAL   AGAINSt  AqENT 

general  principles,  809. 

damages  not  controlled  by  form  of  action,  810. 
the  la*  flxe&  the  measure,  811. 
nominal  damaggs,  812. 
actual  loss  the  Criterion,  813. 
burden  of  proof,  814. 
avoidable  consequences,  815. 
proximate  cause,  816. 
agents  to  insure,  817. 

liable  only  if  insurer  wcfUld  have  been,  818. 
agents  of  insurer,  818o. 
agents  to  obtain  security,  8186. 
agents  to  deal  with  obligations,  819. 
agent  makes  the  debt  his  own,  820. 
agefits  to  sell  goods,  unauthorised  sale,  821. 
sale  below  price  fixed  by  principal,  822. 
sale  on  wrong  terms,  823. 
neglect  to  sell,  824. 

sale  at  a  greater  price  than  that  fixed,  824a. 
agents  to  purchase,  neglect  to  purchsise,  835. 
piu-chase  of  wrong  goods,  826. 
purchase  at  excessive  price,  827. 
agents  to  deal  in  stocks,  828. 
real  estate  agents,  829. 
negligence  of  directors  of  a  corporation,  830. 
attorneys,  831. 
title  companies,  831a. 
auctioneers,  832. 
customhouse  brokers,  832a. 
UabiUty  of  sub-agents  to  agents,  833. 
II. — Agent  against  PRiNCiPAii 

indemnity  for  loss  or  expense,  834. 

compensation  for  services,  834o. 

damages  for  failure  to  employ,  834&. 

damages  for  wrongful  discharge,  compensation  by  a  commission,  834c. 

compensation  by  percentage  of  an  amount  that  can  be  fixed,  834d. 

commissions  on  insurance  renewals,  834e. 


3094  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
AGENCY— Continued. 

commission  from  both  parties,  834/. 
discharge  of  an  attorney,  834g'. 
III. — Third  Party  against  Pretended  Agent 
hability  for  acting  without  authority,  835. 
loss  of  bargain,  836. 
expense  of  litigation,  837. 
incidental  expenses,  838. 
unauthorized  suits,  839. 
AGENT,  notice  to,  157. 

action  against  one  professing  to  be,  143  n. 

district,  208  n. 

breach  of  contract  to  make  plaintiff  sole,  222. 

recovery  of  expense  of  litigation  upon  misrepresentation  of  authority, 

236,  238. 
recovery  by,  of  expenses  of  Utigation  from  principal,  238. 
misrepresenting  authority,  liable  for  expenses  of  litigation,  238,  835,  837. 
liability  to  principal  for  expenses  of  litigation,  238. 
implied  warranty  of  authority  by,  239. 

recovery  against,  of  expense  of  suit  to  which  principal  has  been  sub- 
jected, 240. 
recovery  by,  of  interest  on  advances,  304. 
where  chargeable  with  interest,  305,  311a. 

on  money  received,  311e. 

on  d.  caused  by  tort,  316. 
liability  of  principal  in  exemplary  damages  for  act  of,  378. 
recovery  of  commission  paid  to,  in  admiralty,  589. 
breach  of  contract  to  give  exclusive  territory  for  sale  to,  607. 
d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  employ,  607  n. 
recovery  by,  on  policy  of  insurance,  725. 
principal  liable  for  negligence  of,  810. 
gratuitous,  812. 
makes  debt  his  own,  820. 
liability  of  sub-agent,  833. 
actions  against,  809. 
d.  not  controlled  by  form  of  action,  810. 
law  fixes  measure  of  d.  in  actions  against,  811. 
actual  loss  the  criterion,  813. 
nominal  d.  against,  812,  813,  822.         ^ 
burden  of  proof  in,  814. 
avoidable  consequences,  815. 
proximate  cause,  816. 
d.  against  a  matter  of  law,  817. 
action  against,  by  third  parties,  835-839. 
imauthorized,  d.  against,  835. 

for  loss  of  bargain,  836. 

for  incidental  expenses,  838. 

for  unauthorized  suits,  839. 
recoupment  by,  1041,  1066. 
to  care  for  real  estate,  829. 


INDEX  3095 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
AG'ENT— Continued. 

to  collect  mercantile  instruments,  813,  819. 
to  deal  in  stocks,  828. 
to  defend  suit,  831. 
to  insure,  817. 

liable  only  if  insurer  would  have  been,  818. 
to  invest  money  in  mortgage,  830. 
to  keep  road  in  repair,  829. 
to  prosecute  claim,  814,  831. 
to  purchase,  825-827. 

neglect  to  purchase,  825. 

purchase  of  wrong  goods  by,  826. 

purchase  by,  at  excessive  price,  827. 
to  sell,  821  et  seq. 

unauthorized  sale  by,  821. 

pledge  by,  821. 

premature  sale  by,  821. 

sale  below  price  fixed,  822. 

sale  on  wrong  terms,  823. 

neglect  to  sell,  824. 
who  is,  attorney,  814,  831. 

auctioneer,  832. 

banker,  819. 

broker,  834. 

factor,  814,  833,  834. 

insurance  broker,  834. 
recovery  by,  of  compensation  measured  by  commission,  834c. 

by  percentage,  8d4d. 

payable  on  contingency,  670. 
by  conmiission  on  insurance  renewals,  834e. 
for  loss  of  commissions  on  renewals,  834e. 
right  of,  to  commission  from  both  parties,  834/. 
AGGRAVATION,  matters  in,  51,  52. 
of  non-pecuniary  d.,  51. 
of  d.  for  entry  on  land,  86o. 
of  prior  injury,  1216. 

exemplary  d.  for  circumstances  of,  363,  363a. 
of  exemplary  d.,  384a. 

by  wealth  of  defendant,  385. 
of  d.  for  tort,  430. 

not  allowed  where  d.  measured  by  value  of  property,  430. 
of  d.  for  libel  or  slander,  445-447. 

by  position  or  wealth  of  parties,  445. 

by  repetition,  446. 

by  plea  of  justification,  447. 
of  damages  for  false  imprisonment,  465. 
of  d.  for  seduction,  475. 

because  of  abortion,  475. 

because  of  promise  of  marriage,  475. 

by  position  or  wealth  of  parties,  475. 


3096  INDEX 

{B^fcrfetiees  are  to  sectidiis,  d.  means  ddteag*;  h.  rnddfiS  ftdtej 
AGGRAVATION— Continued. 

of  d.  in  crinmial  conveligatioh,  479. 

of  d.  for  personal  injury,  489a. 

poverty  of  plaintiff  not  matter  of,  in  aotida  frtf  ))^:B&BiBl  iSjury,  490, 
490  n. 

of  d.  not  allowed  ifl  ictJons  of  cbiitl-actj  601. 

of  d.  in  action  for  breach  of  pi'siuise  of  EEiaM&^,  639. 
by  events  after  suit  brought,  640. 
by  plea  of  justification,  640a. 

of  d.  for  failure  to  carry  passenger,  862. 

of  d.  for  trespass  to  lands,  929. 

question  for  jury,  1318. 

how  far  controllable  bjr  ^oiiftj  1318. 
AGREEMENT.    See  Contract. 

liquidating  damages.    See  LiQirafrATBB  T3AiliA6M. 

continuing,  87,  89. 

to  withdraw  suit,  126c. 

not  to  practice  business,  182,  4G6;  40B)  418. 

to  enter  into  partnership,  193. 

of  tenant  to  make  repairs,  210. 

to  furnish  freight,  211. 

to  pay  in  specific  articles,  279. 

to  pay  compound  interest,  343. 

not  to  marry,  396. 

to  act  on  the  stage,  398,  399. 

recovery  on  unconscionable,  606c. 

td  loan  iflOtiey,  bfeafeh  of,  622. 

negative,  631a. 

rescission  of  contract  by,  655^. 

for  stipulated  amouiit  "Sf  fcouiiSel  f§6§,  698c. 

to  give  bill  or  note  id  Jjayment  fbl  gdbd§,  756. 

not  to  lease  preittlSgs  t&  coWpemtf  iSf  I'e^efe,  999. 

independent,  no  recoupment  in  ca6e  of,  1042. 

for  exclusive  territory,  damages  for  bre£lG»h  of,  1246a. 
AIR,  easement  of,  1165o. 

destruction  of,  1115. 
invasion  of,  1116. 
obstruction  of,  1121. 

pollution  of,  by  smoke,  95. 
ALABAMA,  law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  5iS. 

rule  ill  fOr  reCovely  of  &.-,  for  iftelital  Suffering,  894d. 

constitutional  provisions  in,  for  taJarig  by  eminent  dolSiaiii,  1122. 
as  to  benefits,  1133; 
ALFRED,  rates,  in  laws  of,  11. 
ALIENATION  OF  AFFECTIONS,  special  dttmdgfe  in  acliohs  fe$r>  1271. 

excessive  damages  for,  13^8. 

of  wife,  480a. 

of  husband,  4806. 

recovery  for  loss  of  consortium,  48. 
ALLEGATION  of  damages,  form  of,  1257. 


INDEX  3097 

(  IReferences  are  to  seetions,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ALLEY,  closing  of,  1149  n. 

ALLOWANCE  of  d.  for  delay  i&  making  conveyance,  1021o. 
for  division  of  patronage,  1150. 
for  farm  crossingSi  1167. 

of  special  benefits,  1170. 
ALLUVIAL  DEPOSITS,  compenfeatioH  for  washing  away,  1120. 
ALTERATION  in  contradtj  Cdmpensation  for,  665. 

in  natural  grade  of  Street,  1123  n. 
ALTERNATIVE  CONTRACT,  281,  421  et  seq.,  635,  723. 

rule  of  least  beneficial  alternative,  421. 

election  in,  423. 

to  do  something  or  pay  money,  423. 

sum  to  be  paid  must  be  reasonable,  424. 

of  insurance,  723. 
AMERCIAMENT,  231. 

AMERICAN  LAW  as  to  eminent  domain,  how  different  from  English,  1106. 
AMERICAN  TABLES,  admissible  to  prove  duration  of  life,  1306. 
AMICABLE  SUIT,  no  exemplary  d.  in,  383. 
AMOUNT  of  d.  a  question  for  the  jury,  19. 

of  d.  must  be  proved  or  only  nominal  can  be  allowed,  lOf  a. 

reasonable  not  absolute  certainty  required  in  proof  of,  170o. 

of  exemplary  d.  in  discretion  of  jury;  388. 

of  d.  stipulated  by  the  parties,  389. 

of  goods  ordered,  d.  against  telegraph  company  for  error  in  transmitting, 
884. 

of  injury  in  eminent  dcmialn,  1163. 
ANCIENT  LIGHTS,  obstruction  of,  1096. 

damage  to,  1103. 
ANCILLARY  ADMINISTRATOR,  money  received  by,  whether  chargeable  on 

administrator's  bond,  692^. 
ANGLO-SAXON  procedure,  origin  of,  1315. 
ANGLO-SAXONS,  their  toeasure  of  d.,  7-11. 
ANIMALS,  liability  of  owners  for  joint  d.  by,  360. 

no  d.  for  mental  Btiffering  from  seeing  injury  done  to,  43^. 

d.  for  several  killed  at  same  time,  856. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  125,  760,  761,  762,  765,  766,  769,  772. 

injuries  by,  125,  125o. 

liability  for  contagious  disease  communicated  byy  125j  769. 

injuries  by,  when  due  to  defect  in  fence,  125o. 

avoidable  consequences,  214. 

damages  enhajTced  by  atteHipt  to  cure,  226a. 

expense  of  cure,  226d. 

expense  of  keeping  until  recovery,  226(1. 

expense  of  testing)  226d. 

exemplary  d.  for  killing,  373o,  377o,  n. 

injury  to,  by  trespass  on  land,  435. 

d.  for  killing,  reduced  by  value  of  carcass,  435. 

recovery  for  loss  of  use  of,  in  action  of  replevin,  537. 

recovery  in  replevin  for  natural  increase  of,  539. 

dying  in  possession  of  receiptor,  567. 


3098  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.]  « 
ANIMAIS— Continued. 

effect  of  death  of,  on  forthcoming  bond,  684. 

injury  to,  pending  injunction,  685fe,  n. 

death  of,  during  replevin  proceedings,  691. 

d.  for  selling  diseased,  697. 

d.  for-  delay  in  transportation  of,  854. 

compensation  for  shrinkage  in  weight  of,  854. 

compensation  for  loss  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 

evidence  of  value,  1296. 
ANKLE,  excessive  damages  for  breaking,  1348. 
ANNOYANCE,  whether  a  subject  for  compensation,  42,  46o. 

caused  by  delay,  d.  for,  42. 

for  being  kept  out  at  night,  42  n. 

amounting  to  fright  or  terror,  43a. 

caused  by  nuisance,  d.  for,  948. 

caused  by  flooding  cellar,  948. 

caused  by  noise,  1164. 

caused  by  smoke,  1164. 

of  keeping  cattle  out,  1164. 

to  business,  1165. 
ANNUITY,  interest  on  arrears  of,  345. 

hquidated  d.  for  failure  to  pay,  416. 

whether  value  of,  is  measure  of  d.  for  impairment  of  physical  capacity, 
485. 

principal  basis  of  recovery  for  death  of  child,  576. 

tables  as  evidence  of  probable  length  of  life,  636i. 
ANSWER,  whether  matters  in  mitigation  require,  1271o. 
ANTICIPATE  WRONG,  plaintiff  need  not,  224,  865. 
ANTICIPATORY  BREACH  of  contract,  636d. 
ANXIETY,  when  compensated,  47. 

amounting  to  fright  or  terror,  43o. 

for  safety  of  others  too  remote  for  recovery,  44. 
APPEAL,  interest  pending,  336. 

d.  on;  not  recoverable  on  attachment  bond,  682. 

from  injunction,  recovery  of  d.,  pending,  685. 

counsel  fees  on,  recoverable  on  appeal  bond,  685j. 

d.  on,  1286a. 
APPEAL  BOND,  688. 

recovery  of  d.  caused  by  appeal  on,  688a. 
APPEARANCE  of  property  as  left  by  taking,  11656. 
APPELLATE  COURT,  action  of,  on  excessive  d.,  1332. 
APPLES,  d.  for  delay  in  delivery  of,  164. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  771. 

error  of  telegraph  company  in  transmitting  price  of,  885. 
APPLIANCES,  reconstructed,  1164. 

safety,  1165. 

character  of,  1166. 
APPLICATION,  d.  in  case  of  refusal  of,  59. 

of  payments  on  note,  6956. 

of  Thesiger's  rule  in  eminent  domain,  1121. 


INDEX  3099 

'  [References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

APPLICATION— Con«m«ed. 

of  English  rule  of  eminent  domain  in  Pennsylvania  criticised,  1122. 

of  land  taken  to  other  uses,  1152  n. 
APPORTIONMENT,  of  damages,  36a. 

of  loss,  no  wrong-doer  can  make,  431. 

not  allowed  between  wrong-doers  at  common  law,  586. 

in  admiralty,  586,  587,  599. 

between  insurance  companies,  725. 

on  several  policies,  726. 

on  bills  of  exchange,  1050  ra. 

of  rent,  999d. 
APPRAISAL,  contract  to  convey  land  on,  1020. 

of  lands,  Minnesota  statute  on,  1112a,  n. 

as  evidence  of  value,  1299. 
APPRAISERS,  breach  of  agreement  for  sale  at  price  fixed  by,  734. 

date  of  filing  award  of,  1151. 
APPREHENSION  of  future  suffering,  recovery  for,  in  action  for  personal  injury, 

484. 
APPRENTICE,  d.  for  enticing,  91. 

APPRENTICESHIP,  liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  agreement  of,  404. 
APPROACH  to  viaduct,  d.  for  building  of,  across  street,  1109  n. 
APPROPRIATION  of  private  property  for  public  use,  1077. 

of  property,  physical,  1115. 

of  abandoned  cutting,  1150. 

depriving  owner  of  title,  1151  n. 

of  quarry  land,  1166c. 

of  highway  for  railroad  purposes,  1173. 
APPROXIMATE  CAUSE  of  loss  by  fire,  723a. 
APPROXIMATE  EVIDENCE,  1310. 
APRIL  FOOL,  not  always  subject  for  action,  43^. 
APTITUDE,  of  person  injured  may  be  shown,  485a. 
ARBITRARY  assessment  of  d.  according  to  Roman  law,  24. 
modem  civil  law,  28. 

valuation  of  d.,  inherent  difficulties  sought  to  be  avoided  by,  391. 

rules  as  to  marine  insurance,  709,  715. 

sum,  fixed  as  damages,  1076. 
ARBITRATION,  contract  to  submit  to,  expenses  of  arbitration  recoverable,  240, 
607,  982. 

unreasonable  delay  of,  barring  interest,  340. 

penal  sum  treated  as  penalty,  on  bond  to  submit  to,  410. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  submit  to,  607,  607  n.,  629. 

agreement  for,  in  policy  of  insurance,  722. 

d.  on  covenant  to  submit  value  of  improvements  to,  997. 
ARBITRATION  BOND,  687. 
ARBITRATOR,  interest  on  award  of,  335. 

bond  to  abide  award  of,  687. 

award  of  damages  by,  1281. 

cannot  increase  verdict,  1281. 
ARCHITECT,  injury  to,  180,  180  n. 

recovery  of  fee  by,  612  n.,  648. 


3100  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ARCHITECT— Con^inwed. 

d.  against,  for  negligence,  648. 
ARKANSAS,  law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  S16. 

constitutional  provisions  of,  as  to  eminent  doniain,  1123. 
as  to  benefits,  1134. 
ARM,  excessive  damages  for  breaking,  1349. 
for  crippling,  1355. 
for  loss  of,  1357. 
ARMY,  enlisting  in,  for  three  years,  91. 
ARREARS  OF  INTEREST,  interest  on,  345. 
ARREST.    See  False  Imprisonment. 

for  obtaining  property  by  false  pretences,  153a. 

expenses  of  procuring  release  froin,  22M. 

effect  of  liquidating  damages  on  right  of,  426. 

d.  against  ofticer  fof  failure  to,  547,  551. 

d.  for  .escape  from,  552. 

on  mesne  process,  tJ.  fot  escape  from,  554a. 

recovery  on  bond  to  secure,  686a. 

by  chief  of  police,  recovery  on  bond  for,  692a. 

recovery  on  sheriff's  bond  for  wrongful,  692t. 

of  judgment  for  error  in  awarding  damages,  1277. 
ASHES,  injury  by  throwing  on  property,  1116. 

damage  by,  1121,  1165a. 
ASSAULT,  d.  for  mental  suffering  in  actions  of,  43. 

d.  for  mental  suffering  caused  by,  43i. 
for  wounded  pride,  47. 

nominal  d.  for,  101  n. 

interest  not  allowed  in  actions  of,  316. 

exemplary  d.  in  actions  of,  350,  352,  372. 
for  wanton,  366. 

mitigation  of  exemplary  d.  fof,  384. 
by  provocation,  384. 

recovery  for,  in  action  for  injvuy  to  lafld,  929. 

no  fecoupmeht  in  action  fot,  1042. 

verdict  for,  set  aside  as  eitcessive,  1328  n. 

excessive  damages  for,  1345. 

inadequate  dafliages  for,  1370. 

d.  for.    See  Personal  Injury. 
ASSESSMENT  for  street  improvements,  interest  on,  332. 

of  damages,  original  position  of  jiiry  in,  349. 

policy,  recovery  on,  732. 

refusal  of  insurance  company  to  levy,  732. 

agreement  Of  lessee  to  pay,  789. 

d.  not  foreseen  at  time  of  prior,  1082. 

of  benefits,  for  openmg  of  street,  1128. 

of  damage,  taking  possession  of  land  without,  1151  n. 
ASSESSMENT  INSURANCE,  732. 

ASSETS  converted  by  executor  or  administrator,  recovery  on  bond  for, 
ASSIGN,  d.  on  covenant  in  lease  not  to,  999/c. 
ASSIGNEE  for  creditors,  interest  payable  by,  311a. 


INDEX  3101 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  ra.  means  ijotp.] 
ASSIGNEE— Coreimued. 

of  insolvent  estate,  interest  payable  by,  311/. 

recovery  by,  on  contract  of  bankrupt,  628. 

of  note  or  claim,  recovery  by,  704. 

of  mortgage,  recovery  by  on  insurance  policy,  725. 

action  by,  on  covenant  of  warranty,  961. 

of  lessor,  apportionnjent  of  rent  between  several,  999d. 

set-off  ip  action  by,  1031. 
ASSIGNMENT  of  part  of  claim  inoperative,  836. 

of  goods,  d.  for  fraudulent,  439A;. 

in  fraud  of  creditors,  d.  for,  439A:. 

of  insurance,  breach  of  contract  to  give,  623. 

of  judgment,  d.  for  breach  of  term  of,  634. 

of  breaches  in  action  on  bond,  675c. 

of  non-negotiable  note  or  claim,  704. 
ASSIGNOR  of  note  or  claim,  liability  of,  704. 
ASSISTANCE,  writ  of,  d.  against  sheriff  for  failure  to  execute,  558. 
ASSISTANT  CASHIER,  recovery  on  bond  of,  694. 
ASSUMPSIT,  object  of  action  of,  to  obtain  money  judgment,  4. 

for  proceeds  of  converted  property,  492. 

origin  of  action  of,  for  recovery  of  debt,  636^. 

indebitatus,  657. 

action  of,  supersedes  debt,  675a. 
ATMOSPHERE,  d.  for  pollution  of,  93  n. 
ATTACH,  failure  of  public  officer  to,  550. 

ATTACHED  PROPERTY,  d,  against  sheriff  for  failure  to  keep  safely,  558. 
ATTACHMENT,  d.  for  mental  suffering  caused  by,  44a. 

d.  for  loss  of  credit  from,  remote,  127. 

against  tjiird  party,  d-  for,  175. 

expense  of  bond  to  dissolve  wrongful,  22&d. 

recovery  of  value  qf  time  spent  in  securing  dissolution  of,  22Gi. 

expense  of  discharging,  237. 

valuation  of  stock  of  goods  after  illegal,  248a. 

interest  prevented  by  foreign,  341. 

loss  of  credit  included  in  exemplary  d.,  359. 

exemplary  d.  for,  363,  373a. 

Qf  personal  property,  373a. 

d.  for  wron^ul,  435,  565. 

of  land,  d.  for  wrongful,  565d. 

d.  for  maUcious,  467. 

d.  on  bond  to  discharge,  684. 

for  contempt,  couns^  fees  in  defending,  not  recoverable  on  bond,  685?. 

recovery  on  sheriff's  bond,  for  wrongful,  692i. 

d.  for  failure  tp  secure,  887. 

d.  for  failure  to  ma^e,  by  reason  of  delay  in  transmitting  telegram,  887. 

of  tenant'?  property  by  landlord,  d.  fpr,  990. 

excessive  damages  in  actions  for  malicious,  1343. 
ATTACHMENT  BOND,  recovery  of  time  spent  in  securing  dissolution  of  at- 
tachment, 226i. 

no  recovery  on  account  of  litigation  on,  232. 


3102  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ATTACHMENT  BOND— Continued. 

expenses  of  resisting  or  discharging  recoverable  on,  237. 

measure  of  d.  on,  682. 
ATTENTIONS  of  child,  recovery  for  loss  of,  576. 
ATTORNEY  employed  to  investigate  securities,  86  6. 

in  a  contrary  suit,  103. 

deterioration  of  property  by  fault  of,  136. 

value  of  services  found  on  general  knowledge  of  jury,  171o,  n. 

interest  on  fee  of,  308o,  n. 

interest  payable  by,  on  money  collected,  31  le,  n. 

exemplary  d.  against,  372. 

recovery  of  entire  fee  by,  612. 

d.  for  negligence  of,  814. 

liability  of,  to  client,  814,  831. 
for  negligence,  831. 

action  against,  for  failure  to  perform  services,  831. 

entitled  to  reimbursement  from  client,  834. 

entitled  to  compensation  for  services,  834a. 

compensation  of,  according  to  what  rate,  834o. 

compensation  of,  for  loss  of  opportunity  to  prosecute  unfounded  claim, 
834d. 

payment  of,  by  percentage  of  amount  recovered,  834(i. 

d.  for  wrongful  discharge  of,  8S4g. 

recoupment  for  lack  of  skill  of,  1037. 

evidence  of  value  of  services  of,  1303. 
ATTORNEY'S  FEE  as  hquidated  d.  on  note,  416.    See  Counsel  Fees;  Ex- 
penses OF  Litigation. 
AUCTION,  d.  for  refusing  to  accept  goods  sold  at,  750,  751,  765. 

price  at,  as  evidence  of  value,  722,  852,  1023,  1179,  1298. 

expenses  of,  whether  recoverable,  980a. 

refusal  of  purchaser  at,  to  accept  deed  of  land,  1023. 

deposit  at,  as  hquidated  d.,  1026. 
AUCTIONEER,  recovery  of  expenses  by,  675. 
of  advertising,  834. 

action  against  for  negUgence,  832. 

liability  of,  to  principal,  832. 

selling  without  authority,  must  pay  purchaser's  expenses,  838. 

d.  against,  for  selling  land  without  authority,  1011. 
AUDITOR,  recovery  on  bond  of,  693. 
AUGUSTUS,  changes  introduced  by,  1312. 
AULA  REGIS,  18. 

AUNT,  d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death  of,  8946. 
AUSTIN,  as  to  meaning  of  property,  1118  n. 
AUSTRALIA,  law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  516c. 
AUTHORITY,  d.  on  misrepresentation  of,  835-838. 

expenses  of  litigation  recoverable,  238,  835,  837. 

action  for  misrepresentation  of,  236. 

implied  warranty  of,  239. 

suit  brought  without,  839. 

lack  of  legal,  1110. 


INDEX  3103 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

AUTOMOBILE,  d.  for  failure  to  repaint,  226ff. 

value  of  use  of,  2436. 
AVAILABILITY  of  land  for  city  lots,  11656. 
for  docks,  1171. 
for  sawmill,  1171. 
for  factory,  1171. 

for  summer  boarding  house,  11716.   See  Value. 
AVERAGE  weight  of  cows,  192. 

profits,  194. 

value  as  proof  of  value,  1296. 

verdict,  how  far  allowable,  1324. 
AVERAGE,  GENERAL,  717.    See  General  Average. 
AVERMENT  of  damage.    1257-1260. 
AVOIDABLE  CONSEQUENCES. 
I. — Geneeal  Principles 

plaintiff  cannot  recover  for  avoidable  consequences,  201,  1172a. 

reason  of  the  rule,  202. 

such  consequences  remote,  202. 

different  from  the  rule  of  contributory  negligence,  203. 

the  rule  of  general  application,  204. 

coimection  of  rule  with  rule  of  higher  intermediate  value,  522. 
with  duty  of  replacement,  208o. 

effect  of  stipulating  d.  upon,  420a. 

application  of  the  rule  to  contracts  generally,  205. 

not  applicable  to  primary  obligation  of  contract,  218. 

to  statutory  damages,  217. 

to  landlord  out  of  possession,  210. 

replacement  in  the  market,  208o. 

obligation  to  make  forward  contract,  636/. 
II. — Application  of  Rule  in  Various  Forms  op  Action 

actions  of  contract,  204,  608. 

contracts  for  personal  services,  206. 

duty  to  seek  employment,  206,  667. 

employment  of  different  kind  or  grade,  207. 

duty  to  seek  employment  does  not  arise  in  all  contracts,  208,  608. 

contract  of  sale,  741. 

action  on  injunction  bond,  6856. 

action  against  agent,  815. 

contract  of  carriage,  212. 

action  on  contract  to  furnish  freight,  211. 

action  against  telegraph  companies,  212a,  895. 

action  by  tenant,  210. 

actions  of  tort,  214. 

actions  for  personal  injury,  214a. 
for  injury  to  real  estate,  2146. 
for  destruction  of  fences,  214c. 
for  obstruction  of  ways,  215. 

actions  of  replevin,  216. 

actions  under  civil  d.  statutes,  1253. 

suits  in  admiralty,  589. 


3104  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  m@aU3  w>ts-] 

AVOIDABLE  CONSEQUENCES^Continufd. 
actions  for  statutory  d.,  217. 
proceedings  in  eminent  domain,  217. 

under  English  eminent  domain  statutes,  1104. 

under  N.  Y.  eminent  domain  statutes,  1199. 
III. — Avoidable  Consequences  of  Various  Wrpnqs 
landlord's  agreement  to  repair,  209,  992. 
tenant's  agreement  to  make  repairs,  210. 
failure  to  furnish  freight  or  cargo,  211. 
defects  in  goods  supplied  or  work  done,  212&. 
property  or  materials  left  on  hand,  213. 
injury  to  real  estate,  214&. 
destruction  of  fences,  214c. 
obstructing  way,  215. 

breach  of  covenant  for  quiet  enjoyment,  218. 
destruction  of  property,  218. 
killing  cattle,  218. 
ejection  from  premises,  218. 
personal  injury,  218,  221&,  491. 
conversion,  5066. 

breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  6416. 
non-delivery  of  chattels,  741. 
refusal  to  accept  goods  bought,  757. 
breach  of  warranty  of  chattels,  764. 
refusal  to  transport  goods,  842. 
delay  in  delivery  of  goods,  856. 
failure  to  furnish  freight,  858. 
failure  to  carry  passenger,  862. 
expulsion  from  train,  865,  872. 
error  in  delivering  telegram,  895. 
injury  to  land,  927. 
diverting  or  obstructing  water,  941. 
injury  to  mill,  944. 
nuisance,  947. 

failure  to  furnish  heat  and  power,  995. 
IV. — ^Limitations  or  the  Rule 

not  barred  without  lack  of  ordinary  diligence,  218. 

plaintiff  not  called  upon  to  take  unreasonably  steps  to  avwitl  loss,  219. 

rule  does  not  require  impossibilities,  220. 

amount  of  care  required,  221. 

what  care  is  reasonable,  221o. 

not  called  on  to  use  remedy  not  generally  known,  221a. 

reasonable  care  in  case  of  personal  injury,  2216. 

reparation  offered  by  defendant,  222_. 

knowledge  of  plaintiff  required  before  rule  applies,  823. 

notice  to  plaintiff,  223. 
plaintiff  need  not  anticipate  wrong,  224,  865. 
plaintiff  cannot  be  called  on  to  commit  a  wrong,  225. 

need  not  violate  contract  or  commit  crime,  §25. 
defendant  prevents  plaintiff  from  avoiding  cpnsequences,  32S. 


INDEX  3105 

{References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

AVOIDABLE  CONSEQUENCES— Conimwed. 

V. — Recovbet  op  Expense  of  Avoiding  Loss 

rule  sometimes  results  in  enhancing  d.,  226a,  4X7,  438. 
expenses  of  avoitl^g  consequences  recoverable,  68,  2266. 
expense  of  following  and  recovering  property,  226c. 
expense  of  repairing  or  iiedressing  the  injury,  226i2. 
expense  of  perfecting  title,  226e. 
expense  of  medical  and  surgical  services,  226if. 
expense  of  procuring  a  substitute,  226j. 
substitute  better  than  original,  226fe. 
personal  efforts  to  avoid  loss,  226i. 
injury  suffered  in  attempt  to  avoid,  226t/. 
only  reasonable  expense  recoverable,  226/i;. 
reasonableness  of  the  exp^ise,  2262. 
reasonableness  of  the  means  selected,  226m. 
repairs  not  worth  while,  226n. 
necessity  of  payment  before  recovery,  226o. 
VI. — i^oay  OF  Avoidable  Consequences 
burden  of  proof,  227. 
court  and  jury,  228. 
AVOIDING,  reasonable  diligence  must  be  used  in,  164a. 
AWARD,  bond  to  abide,  687. 

amount  of,  recoverable  on  arbitration  Itotld,  667. 
of  arbitrator,  interest  on,  335. 
d.  for  failure  to  pay,  629. 
bond  to  abide  by,  687. 
binding  in  action  on  policy  of  insurance,  722. 
of  appraiser,  date  of  filing,  1151. 
AXES,  breach  of  warranty  of  steel  sold  for  manufacture  of,  766. 

BAD  CONDUCT  of  plaintiff,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  proeuse  erf  marriaige, 

641. 
BAD  FAITH  in  sale  of  land,  d.  on  failure  to  convey,  how  affected  by,  1010. 

in  severance  of  chattels  from  the  land  of  anoi^fSj,  934. 
BAGGAGE,  worry  caused  by  separation  from,  47. 

expense  of  following,  226c,  n. 

what  is,  873. 

hability  of  carrier  for  loss  of,  873. 
BAIL,  effect  of  liquidating  d.  on  right  to  hold  to,  426. 
'id.  against  sheriff  for  taking  insufiident,  555. 
BAIL  BOND,  686. 

recovery  of  expense  by  sureties  on,  806. 
BAILEE,  recovery  by,  76. 

on  insurance  policy,  725. 

treasurer  not  merely,  692/. 
BAILMENT,  breadi  dl  contract  af,  6336. 
BALLOTS,  recoupment  iw  error  in  printing,  1070. 
BANK,  wrongful  refusal  by,  to  pay  cheek  or  draf-t,  lS3a,  171a,  819. 

when  Uable  for  pajonent  erf  interest  on  funds  collected,  311  ■». 

interest  on  note  payable  at,  even  in  case  of  war,  340c. 

195 


3106  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage!  n.  means  note.] 
BANK—Contimied. 

deposit  of  fund  in,  as  interrupting  interest,  341. 

d.  against,  for  failure  to  collect  note,  633c. 

loss  of  money  deposited  in,  by  treasurer,  692/. 

wrongful  deposit  by  agent  in,  816. 

d.  against  for  failure  to  collect  note,  819. 
BANK  NOTES,  contract  payable  in,  276. 

interest  upon,  from  time  of  presentment,  302a. 
BANK  SHARES,  value  of,  1171d. 
BANKER,  liability  of,  to  principal,  819. 
BANKRUPT,  recovery  by  assignee  on  contract  of,  628. 
BANKRUPTCY,  recovery  by  assignee,  628. 

effect  of  discharge  of  surety  in,  807&. 

no  bar  to  action  for  mesne  profits,  907. 
BARGAIN,  d.  against  unauthorized  agent  for  loss  of,  836. 

loss  of,  not  regarded  in  early  times,  951. 

value  of,  on  contract  to  convey  land,  1005. 

d.  for  loss  of,  on  breach  of  contract  to  convey  land,  1011,  1012. 
BARGE,  value  of,  595. 

BARK,  measure  of  d.  for  wrongfully  stripping,  934. 
BARMECIDE  FEAST,  lawsuit  is  too  often,  38. 
BARN,  basement  site  for,  11716. 
BARRELS,  damages  for  furnishing  leaky,  2126,  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  764,  768. 
BARTER  CONTRACTS  for  land,  1020. 
BASEMENT  BARN,  site  for,  11716. 
BASIN,  land  taken  for  storage,  1171e. 
BASIS,  of  compensation  for  use  of  track,  1150. 

of  right  in  condemnation  proceedings,  1107,  11496. 
BATH  HOUSE,  recovery  for  refusal  to  admit  to,  8736. 
BATTERY.    See  Assault. 

mental  suffering  caused  by,  43i. 

entire  d.  for,  84. 

consequence  of,  only  aggravation  of  d.,  84. 
BATTLE,  trial  by,  15. 

when  abolished  in  England,  15  n. 

in  France,  15  n. 
BAY  WINDOWS,  projecting,  1166. 
BEANS,  injury  to  cargo  of,  852. 
BEAUTY  of  deceased  wife  cannot  be  shown  in  action  for  her  death,  580a,  re. 

injury  to  natural,  1123o. 
BED,  compensation  for  deprivation  of,  457. 
BEGIN,  right  to,  1286. 

BEING  kept  out  late,  d.  for  annoyance  by,  42  n. 
BELIEF  OF  RIGHT,  mitigates  exemplary  d.,  383c. 
BELIEF  OF  TRUTH  of  libel  or  slander,  d.  mitigated  by,  448c. 
BENEFICIAL  ENJOYMENT,  compensation  for  taking  of,  1114. 
BENEFICIAL  INTEREST,  recovery  by  owner  of,  926. 
BENEFICIAL  USE,  interference  with,  1114. 

destruction  of,  1116. 


INDEX  3107 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

BENEFICIARY,  may  recover  profits  or  interest  from  trustee,  311c. 
BENEFIT,  allowance  for,  63  et  seq. 

conferred  on  the  injured  party  by  the  wrongful  act,  63. 

conferred  in  an  action  for  flooding  lands,  64. 

on  the  injured  party  in  common  with  others,  65. 

not  caused  directly  by  the  wrongful  act  itself,  66. 

received  from  third  parties  on  account  of  the  injury,  67. 

received  on  insurance  policy,  67a. 

from  charitable  aid,  67. 

nominal  d.  at  least  recoverable  where  d.  reduced  because  of,  101. 

expectation  of,  574. 

of  contract,  what  is,  609. 

received  from  improvements  is  measure  of  allowance,  917. 
BENEFITS,  allowance  of,  in  actions  for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  ch.  xlviii. 
I. — Gbnebal  Principles 

in  England,  1103. 

under  English  statutes,  1103. 

through  rise  in  value,  1103. 

the  allowance  of  benefits  in  general,  1125. 

under  statutes,  1126. 

in  the  United  States,  1127. 

street  openings,  1128. 

cannot  be  assessed  twice,  1128. 

general  benefits,  1129. 

special  benefits,  1130,  1170. 

causes  of  diversity  in  the  rules  governing  benefits,  1130o,  11656. 

under  state  constitutions,  1131. 

local  rules,  1131. 

special  statutes,  1131. 

originally  no  distinction  between  general  .and  special  benefits,  1132. 

under  new  constitutions,  1133. 

under  old  constitutions,  1146. 

set  off  against  d.  to  land  not  taken,  in  Illinois,  1183. 

general  conclusions,  1148. 

to  land  of  other  persons  cannot  be  considered,  1130. 

due  to  other  causes,  cannot  be  considered,  1130. 

to  distinct  parcel  of  land,  cannot  be  considered,  1130. 

of  cutting  to  taker,  1150. 

exclusion  of,  in  Iowa,  1152. 

what  to  be  considered,  1152  n.  . 

from  adjacent  lands,  1162. 

indirect,  1162. 

from  improvement  on  adjoining  land,  1162. 

under  New  York  statutes  for  use  of  street,  1197  et  seq. 
II. — Constitutional  Provisions  in  Particular  States 

Alabama,  1133. 

Arkansas,  1134. 

CaJifomia,  1135. 

Colorado,  1136. 

Connecticut,  1148. 


3108  INDEX 

[Heferenoes  are  to  sectionB,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

BENEFITS—Cmtirmed. 

Delaware,  1148. 

District  of  CcAimlaa,  1148. 

Georgia,  1137. 

Idaho,  1145. 

Illinois,  1138. 

Indiana,  1148. 

Iowa,  1148. 

Kansas,  1148. 

Kentucky,  llSSm. 

Louisiana,  1139. 

Maine,  1148. 

Maryland,  1148. 

Maraachusetts,  1147. 

Minnesota,  1145,  1148. 

Mississippi,  1139o. 

Missouri,  1140. 

Montana,  1145. 

Nebraska,  1141. 

Nevada,  1148. 

New  Hampshire,  1148. 

New  Jersey,  1148. 

New  York,  1146. 

North  Carolina,  1148. 

North  Dakota,  1141o. 

Ohio,  1148. 

Oregon,  1148. 

Pennsylvania,  1142. 

Rhode  Island,  1145,  1148. 

South  Carolina,  114S. 

South  Dakota,  1145. 

Tennessee,  1148. 

Texas,  1143. 

Vermont,  1148. 

Virginia,  1148. 

Washington,  114Ba. 

West  Vir^nia,  1144. 

Wisconsin,  1148. 

Wyoming,  1145. 
BERTH,  d.  for  failure  to  provide,  212  n. 

d.  against  sleeping  car  for  failure  to  furnish,  873a. 
BESOTTED  CONDITION,  jomt  liabiUty  for,  36a,  n. 
BIBLE,  value  of  family,  251a,  to. 
BICYCLES,  contract  to  keep  up  price  of,  749a. 

whether  baggage,  873  n. 
BID,  market  price  presented  by,  245. 
BILL,  doctor's,  1166(i. 
BILL  OF  EXCHANGE,  value  of,  256. 
contract  payable  in,  276. 
interest  on,  287,  696,  698,  699. 


INDEX  3109 

[References  are  to  seetixms,  d,  means  damage;^  n.  means  note.] 

BILL  OF  EXCHANGE— Continued, 
in  England,  290. 

overdue,  interest  on,  301. 

expressed  intention  governs  as  to  ailknrance  of  interest  on,  330v 

higher  rate  of  interest  after  maturity  of,  331. 

d.  on,  695  et  seq. 

inadequate  consideration  of,  695. 

face  value  of,  recoverable,  695. 

civil  law  as  to  interest  on,  697. 

French  code  as  to  interest  on,  697. 

foreign,  700. 

d.  for  protest  of,  700. 
re-exchange  on,  70&. 

costs  of  protest  ami  re'^xchange  on,,  70t. 

accommodatio^iiecovetjr  on,  702. 

recovery  on  by  pledgee,  703. 

liability  of  indorser  of,  704. 

to  costs  of  prior  suit,.  705. 

d.  for  failure  to  accept  or  pay,  707. 

agreement  to  pay  for  property  by,  756. 

recovery  in  action  on,  1050. 

conflict  of  laws  on,  1375. 
as  to  re-exchange,  1375. 

as  to  protest  for  non-acceptance  or  non-payment,  1375. 
as  to  interest,  1375. 
BIRTH  of  child,  provable  in  breach,  of  promise  of  marriage,  639. 
BLANK  of  telegraph  company,  containing  contract,  876. 
BLASTING,  injury  caused  by,  whether  a  cause  of  aetion,  33. 

repeated  injury  caused  by,  92. 

compensatiom  for  injury  caused  by,  ISA,  1111,  1117  n. 
BLINDNESS,  excessive  damages  for,  1359. 
BLOOD  POISONING,  d.  for,  44. 

mental  suffering  from  fear  of,  47  n. 
BOARD  AND  LODGING,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  furnish,  90  n.,  205  «., 
614  n. 

evidence  of  value  of,  1304. 
BOARDING  HOUSED  availability  of  land  for  summer,  11716. 
BOAT,  loss  of  trip  of,  by  colliaon,  182o. 

avoidable  consequences  of  removing,.  214. 

value  of,  262,  595. 

interest  in  action  for  destruction  of,,  317. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  on:  safe  oi,  766. 
BOAT  RAILWAY,  condemnation  of  land  for,  11716. 
BODY,  fear  of  nott-arrival  of,  47  n.    See  Cobpsb. 
BOILER,  whether  bursting  of  is  a  cause  of  action,  33. 
breach  of  contract  to  supply,  620  n. 
d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  765,  767. 
BONA  FIDE  possessor,  his  equities,  906,  915. 

trespasser,  934. 
BOND.    See  Liquidated  Damages. 


3110  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  notej 

BOND — Coniinited. 
I. — In  Geneeal 
form  of,  675a. 

reason  given  for  introductioi):  of,  675o. 
municipal,  value  of,  257, 
individual,  value  of,  260. 
to  convey,  value  of,  260. 
d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  value  of,  763.  - 
d.  for  failure  to  deliver,  interest  on  value,  313a. 
d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  engraye,  614  n. 
covenant  on,  679. 

money,  and  bond  with  covenant,  distinction  between,  679. 
injunction  against  usiag  mxmicipal,  685i. 
recovery  of  d.  on  sheriff's  bond  for  taking  insufficient,  692i. 
not  in  accordance  with  statutes,  may  be  vaUd  at  common  law,  692. 
d.  for  wrongful  issue  of,  708. 
payment  by,  796,  799. 

d.  for  expense  of  obtaining,  by  reason  of  illegal  distraint,  990a. 
II. — Damages  in  Actions  on 
d.  on  penal,  30. 
nominal  d.  in  action  on,  106. 
recovery  of  expenses  of  litigation  upon,  232. 
municipal,  interest  on,  337  n. 
exemplaiy  d.,  whether  recoverable  on,  370. 
statutory,  exemplary  d.  for  breach  of,  370. 
penal  sum,  regarded  as  penalty,  410. 
debt  on,  6756. 

damages  less  than  the  penalty,  675c. 
assignment  of  breaches,  675d. 

only  the  plaintiff's  actual  loss  now  recoverable,  675e. 
penalty  and  liquidated  damages,  676. 
damages  in  excess  of  penalty,  677. 
interest  on  penalty,  678. 
bonds  containing  express  covenants,  679. 
compensation  for  breach  of  condition,  679o. 
d.  on  limited  by  penalty  with  interest,  680,  689. 
remote  and  conjectural  d.  not  recoverable  on,  680. 
expenses  and  counsel  fees  recoverable  on,  680. 
reduction  of  damages,  681. 
actions  against  sureties,  681a. 
interest  payable  by  sureties  after  demand,  302a. 
III. — BoNns  Given  in  Judicial  Proceedings 
attachment  bonds,  226i,  682. 

expense  of  procuring  bond  to  dissolve  attachment,  226d. 

expenses  of  resisting  or  discharging  attachment,  237. 

counsel  fees  and  expenses  in  procuring  dissolution  of  attachment, 
682a. 

exemplary  damages,  683. 
forthcoming  bonds,  bonds  to  dissolve  attachment,  receiptors,  232, 
684. 


INDEX  3111 

tReferen6eS  afe  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  7i.  means  note.] 
BOND— Coniinwd. 

bonds  to  indemnify  attaching  sheriff,  684a. 
injunction  bonds,  general  principles,  22&i,  685. 

injmictions  preventing  use  of  land,  685a. 

injunctions  against  taking  a  profit  from  land,  6856. 

other  injunctions  concerning  land,  685c. 

injunctions  against  doing  work,  685d. 

injtmctions  against  carrying  on  business,  685e. 

injunctions  against  constructing  a  building  or  other  work,  685/. 

injunctions  against  collecting  a  judgment  or  other  debt,  685g'. 

injunctions  against  a  sale,  685/j. 

injunctions  against  other  acts,  685i. 

counsel  fees  incurred  on  account  of  the  injunction,  237,  685j. 

covmsel  fees  in  the  entire  litigation,  232,  685A;. 

counsel  fees  not  chargeable  to  defendant,  6851. 

amount  of  counsel  fees  recoverable,  exorbitant  charges,  685to. 

other  expenses  of  litigation,  237,  685re. 
bonds  for  vacating  injunction,  685o. 
bail  bonds,  106,  686. 
bonds  for  arrest,  226d,  686a. 
arbitration  bonds,  687. 
appeal  and  supersedeas  bonds,  688. 

recovery  of  damages  from  the  appeal,  688a. 
replevin  bonds,  689. 

measure  of  recovery,  689o. 

value  of  property  in  writ  conclusive,  532,  689a. 

value  of  property  when  to  be  estimated,  690. 

destruction  of  property  before  payment,  691. 

reduction  of  damages,  691a. 

limitations  of  plaintiff's  title,  6916. 
detinue  bonds,  691c. 
other  judicial  bonds,  691d. 
to  contest  claim  of  exemptions,  69  Id. 
ne  exeat,  683  n. 
sequestration,  106. 
IV. — Official  Bonds 

official  bonds  in  general,  543,  692. 

acts  outside  official  duty,  692a. 

liability  for  acts  before  or  after  regular  term  of  bond,  6926. 

liability  on  cumulative  bonds,  692c. 

successive  bonds  to  cover  successive  terms  of  office,  692c2. 

default  in  payment  of  money  at  end  of  last  term,  692e. 

of  financial  officers,  692/. 

of  judicial  officers,  692g'. 

of  clerks  of  courts,  692ft. 

of  sheriffs  and  constables,  692i. 

of  executors  and  administrators,  57,  692^. 

of  guardians,  692k. 

of  county  and  town  officers,  693. 

of  officers  of  corporations,  694, 


3112  INDEX 

[Befecences  axe  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note] 

BOND — Continued. 

V. — Bonds  op  Indbmnitt 

bond  of  indemnity,  recovery  on,  789. 

expenses  of  litigation  recoverable,  238. 
to  sheriff,  &7. 

to  save  harmless,  recovery  on,  793. 
from  digging  up  street,  793a. 
VI. — Other  Bonds 

to  convey  land,  value  of,  260. 

for  interest,  interest  upon,  346i 

against  waste,  liquidated  d.  for  breach  of,  395. 

between  partners,  liquidated  d.  for  breach  of,  395^ 

to  convey  land,  penal  sum  treated  as  penalty,  410; 

for  maintenance  of  plaintiff,  633a. 

to  support,  675d. 

to  pay  for  ri^t  of  way,  677. 

contractor's  bonds,  6796. 

statutory  bonds  and  undertakings,  680. 

to  convey,  d.  on,  where  conveyance  is  possible,  1007. 

for  price  of  land,  recoupment  upon,  1040. 
BONDSMEN.    See  Sureties. 
BONUS,  paid  to  obtain  money,  806. 
BOOK,  demand  for,  at  et  certain  time,  156. 

d.  for  failure  to  print,  197. 
to  supply,  205  n. 

value  of  plates  of,  250. 

value  of  second  hand,  261. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  publish,  618  n. 

whether  baggage,  873  n. 
BOOM,  condemnation  of  islands  for,  1171e. 
BOTTLES,  d.  for  failure  to  supply,  to  manufacturer,  742a. 
BOUNDARIES,  d.  for  misrepresentation  as  to,  1027,  1028. 
BOUNTY,  interest  on,  337. 

ability  to  earn,  considered  in  value  of  vessel,  595. 
BOUQUET,  d.  for  error  in  transmitting  telegram  ordering,  884. 
BOYCOTT,  d.  for  mental  suffering  caused  by,  44a. 
BREACH,  continuous,  82. 

all  d.  of,  must  be  recovered  in  one  action,  85. 

of  condition  of  bond,  679a. 

of  term  of  sale  of  goods,  recovery  for,  lO&l. 
BREACH  OF  CONTRACT,  whether  contimiing  or  total,  90. 

whether  total  or  partial,  636i. 

or  invasion  of  right,  97. 

before  time  for  performance,  6Z6d. 

anticipatory,  636(i. 

nojninal  d.  where  plaintiff  benefited  by,  1106w 
BREACH  OF  COVENANT,  what  is,  953. 

of  warranty,  956. 

of  seizin,  966. 

against  incumbrances,  967. 


INDEX  3113 

pieferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note,] 

BREACH  OF  COVENANT— Con^mwed. 

in  lease,  recoupment  for,  1057. 
BREACH  OF  PROMISE  OF  MARRIAGE.    See  Mabkiage,  ca.  xxviii. 

d.  for  loss  of  station  by,  60, 

not  admissible  in  aggravation  of  d.  for  seduction,  475. 

exceptional  nature  of  the  action,  637. 

exemplary  damages,  351,,  370,  637a. 

loss  of  marriage,  638. 

injury  to  affections,  638a. 

mental  suffering,  638b. 

consequential  damages,  638c. 

aggravation,  seduction  under  promise  of  marriage,  639. 
circumstances  of  the  breach,  639a. 
wealth  of  defendant,  639a. 
events  after  suit  brought,  640. 
plea  of  justification  interposed  in  bad  faith,  640o. 

mitigation,  bad  character  or  conduct  of  plaintiff,  641. 
feelings  of  the  parties,  641a. 
physical  defects  of  the  parties,  641&. 
offer  of  performance  after  breach,  53,  641e. 
BREACH  OF  TRUST,  interest  because  of,  31  le. 
BREACH  OF  WARRANTY  on  sale  of  goods,  recoupment  for,  1060.  See  Breach 

OF  Covenant. 
BREACHES,  bad  assignment  of,  1276. 

several,  84a. 
BREACHES  OF  BOND,  assignment  of,  675c,  675d. 
BREAKING  of  pipe  line,  compensation  for  probable,.  1166e. 
BREHON  LAW,  fines  payable  in  cattle  in,  10. 
BRICK,  delay  in  delivery  of,  for  building,  152  n. 

loss  of,  by  injunction,  685b,  n, 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver,  742. 

d.  for  failure  to  pay  for,  752a. 

d.  for  failure  to  accept,  754. 
BRICK  WALL,  compensation  for  falling  of,  1164. 
BRICKYARD,  depreciation  of  value  of,  by  taking,  1165b. 

compensation  for  prevention  of  enlargement  of,  11656. 
BRIDGE,  d.  for  loss  of  use  of,  187. 

value  of  land  for  abutments  of,  252  n.,  1171c. 

profits  of  contract  to  construct,  614  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  build,  615  ».,  647a. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  repair,  618  n.,  647a. 

erection  of,  by  county,  1120. 

opening  of,  is  special  benefit,  1130  n. 

taking  by  eminent  domain,  1163,  1173. 

building  of,  1165a. 

taking  of  land  for,  1171a. 

value  of  land  needed  for,  1171e. 

effect  of  conformation  of  land  on  cost  of,  1171e. 

injury  to  ferry  by  erection  of,  1173. 
BROKER,  d.  to  business  and  credit  of,  153a. 


3114  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

BROKER— Continued. 

established  business  of,  182  n. 

conversion  of  stock  by,  228d. 

in  stocks,  interest  on  his  accounts  by  custom,  311. 

d.  against  for  fraud,  439i. 

for  failing  to  use  skill  for  principal,  828. 

higher  intermediate  value  in  actions  against,  509-514,  521-524. 

custom  house,  832a. 

hability  of,  to  principal,  834. 

compensation  recoverable  by,  670. 

entitled  to  commission  for  services,  834a. 

where  sale  made  by  principal,  834c,  834d. 
BROTHEL,  entire  d.  for  establishment  of,  924a. 
BROTHER,  no  presumption  of  loss  by,  in  action  for  death,  584a. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death  of,  8946. 
BROTHERHOOD  of  Locomotive  Engineers,  170o. 
BRUSH,  contract  to  keep  leased  premises  free  from,  999A;. 
BRUTALITY,  exemplary  d.  for,  365. 
BUGGY,  delay  in  shipment  of,  152  n. 
BUILD,  d.  for  failure  to,  Qd3d. 

covenant  to,  in  bond,  679. 

contract  to,  641c.    See  Contract  op  Consthuction. 
BUILDING,  erection  of,  causing  nmsance,  93. 

erection  of  large,  149. 

lumber  bought  for,  164. 

contract  to  supply  iron  work  for,  166,  205  n. 

prevention  of  erection  of,  182. 

destruction  of,  183. 

failure  to  remove,  205  n. 

d.  by  putting  defective  beams  into,  2126. 

d.  for  wrongfully  making  opening  into,  2146. 

d.  for  delay  in  completing,  224. 

cost  of  repair  of,  226d,  n. 

value  of  land  for  construction  of,  252re,  11715. 

liquidated  d.  for  delay  in  completing,  419. 

agreement  to  erect  or  pay  money,  423. 

contract  to  construct,  156,  607,  614,  616,  617,  618  n.,  625. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  construct,  620  ».,  643. 
to  plaster,  620  n. 
to  roof,  620  n. 

to  supply  materials  for,  742a. 
to  furnish  materials  for,  646a. 
to  repair,  6466. 
to  allow  removal  of,  998. 

profit  of  contract  to  construct,  614  n. 
to  work  on,  614  n. 

d.  for  defective  construction  of,  644. 

d.  for  delay  in  construction  of,  645. 

recovery  for  work  on,  after  it  is  blown  down,  655c. 

injunction  against  tearing  down,  685c. 


INDEX  3115 

f  [References  ait  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

BVlLDrnG— Continued. 

against  constructing,  685/. 

value  of,  722,  1168,  11716. 

when  a  total  loss,  722a. 
.      d.  for  removal  of,  910,  935a,  1168. 

d.  for  destruction  of,  935a. 

covenant  to  allow  removal  of,  998. 

whether  destruction  of,  by  fire  excuses  payment  of  rent,  999c. 

d.  against  lessee  for  destruction  of,  9Q9g. 

obligation  of  tenant  to  restore  after  destruction  by  fire,  999j. 

structural  d.  tp,  1096. 

taking  of,  by  eminent  domain,  1107. 

injury  to,  1117  n. 

evidence  of  value  of  materials  in,,  1168  n. 

evidence  of  value  of,  1302. 
BUILDING  LOTS,  value  of  land  for,  253. 
BUILDING  PLANS,  change  of,  1164.    . 
BUILDING  PARTICULAR  STRUCTURES,  viz.: 

approach  to  viaduct,  1109n. 

bridge,  1165o. 

drain,  1110  n. 

fence,  1167  n. 

gates,  1165. 

levee,  1109  n. 

power  house,  1121  n. 

quarry  railroad  in  street,  1123  n. 

railroad  in  street,  1123. 

without  condemnation  proceedings,  1165c. 
consent  to,  1109. 

railroad  embankment,  1120. 

side  track  in  street,  1123. 

viaduct,  1121  n. 
BUILDINGS,  several  may  form  an  entire  tract  for  eminent  domain  purposes, 

1205c. 
BULL,  damages  for  sale  of  impotent,  214. 

d.  caused  to  heifer  by,  435. 
BULLETS,  early  substitute  for  money  in  Massachusetts,  266. 
BURDEN,  additional,  1109,  1123,  1152a. 

increase  of,  1149b. 

of  increased  fencing,  1163. 
BURDEN  OF  PROOF,  to  estabUsh  amount  of  loss,  170. 

to  reduce  q!.,  170a. 

of  avoidable  consequences,  227. 

of  reasonableness  of  attempt  to  avoid  loss,  227. 

of  ratification  by  principal  of  agent's  act,  378. 

to  establish  liquidation  of  d.,  406. 

whether  Uquidated  d.  are  penalty,  408. 

in  action  against  public  officer,  646. 

of  amount  of  d.  for  breach  of  contract,  610. 

of  reduction  of  contract  price,  612. 


3116  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

BURDEN  OF  FUOOF— Continued. 

of  loss  through  wrongful  discharge  of  servant,  667. 
of  other  possible  employment,  667. 
in  action  against  agent,  814. 

that  expenses  of  extinguishing  incumbrances  were  reasonable,  980. 
as  to  apportionment  of  profits  of  infringement,  1243. 
BURIAL,  exemplary  d.  for  interference  with  right  of,  373. 
BURNING  of  mill,  loss  of  rice  caused  by,  151.    See  Fibb. 
BURRS,  contract  to  keep  leased  premises  free  from,  999ft. 
BURY  in  usual  manner,  d.  for  failure  to,  45. 
BUSINESS,  loss  and  inconvenience  in  prosecution  of,  42. 
anxiety  connected  with,  44. 
contract  not  to  engage  in,  89. 
consequential  d.  to,  152,  153. 

abandonment  of  former  situation  in  anticipation  of,  167. 
expected  profits  of,  174. 
uncertain  and  speculative,  180. 
injury  resulting  in  loss  of,  181. 

liquidated  d.  for  agreement  not  to  engage  in,  182,  400^  418. 
profits  of  established,  182,  185,  187. 

of  uncertain,  182o. 

of  illegal,  1826. 

of  new,  183. 
established,  is  bought  and  sold,  183. 
new,  183. 
injury  to  by  eviction,  188. 

by  injury  to  land,  927. 
loss  of  use  of,  189. 
contract  for  share  in,  192. 

to  establish,  194. 
value  of  established,  254. 
d.  for  loss  of,  from  defamation,  444 

malicious  prosecution,  459. 

false  imprisonment,  461. 

malicious  attachment,  467. 

personal  injury,  482o. 
income  of  deceased  from,  may  not  be  shown  in  action  for  ctea4;h,  580a. 
no  recovery  for  injury  to,  by  collision  in  admiralty,  589. 
d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  estabhsh,  620  n. 

to  share,  625. 

not  to  engage  in,  632. 
d.  for  injury  to,  by  breach  of  exclusive  contract,  632. 
d.  for  loss  of,  on  attachment  bond,  682. 
d.  by  injunction  against  carrying  on,  685e. 

when  carried  on,  in  spite  of  injunction,  685e. 
d.  for  injury  to,  in  action  on  bond  for  appointment  of  receiver,  691(2. 
d.  for  interruption  of,  by  fire  not  recoverable  on  policy,  724. 
d.  for  injury  to  by  removal,  806. 

by  carriage  of  passenger  beyond  station,  864a. 

by  eviction  from  leased  premises,  988a. 


INDEX  3117 

[Reference  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

BUSINESS— Continued. 

by  negligence  of  landlord,  990. 

by  illegal  diateaint,  990a. 

by  illegal  entry  of  landlord,  9906. 

by  breach  of  covenant  to  repair,  992. 

by  failure  of  landlord  to  f umish  power,  995. 

by  breach  of  covenant  to  renew  lease,  996. 

by  breach  <rf  covenant  to  stop  trains  at  hotel,  999. 
done  on  land,  misrepresentation  as  to,  1027. 
recoupment  in  action  on  contract  for  sale  of,  1062. 

on  sale  of  good-will  of,  1063. 
difference  between  established  and  new,  1087. 
compensation  for  diminution  of,  1121  n.,  1152a. 

for  annoyance  to,  1165. 

for  injuries  to,  1169. 

for  interruption  of,  1169.  i 

inconvenience  and  hindrance  to,  1152a,  1169. 
increase  in  expense  of  existing,  llS2a. 
evidence  as  to,  1169. 
suitableness  of  property  for,  1204. 
compensation  for  falUng  off  of,  by  taking  of  rights  in  highway  in  New 

York,  1205. 
special  damages  for  injuries  to,  must  be  alleged,  1269. 
evidence  of  value  of,  1304. 
BUSINESS  PREMISES,  loss  -ttirough  deprivation  of,  134. 
injury  to,  184. 
d.  for  injury  to,  ,185. 
recovery  for  good-will  of,  1080. 
BUTCHER,  value  of  stock  of,  248a. 

CABBAGE  SEED,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  768. 
CABLE  ROAD,  machinery  for,  153n. 

CALIFORNIA,  rule  in,  as  to  recovery  of  counsel  fees  on  injunction  bond,  686m. 
for  recovery  against  executor  who  is  debtor  to  state,  692y. 
for  recovery  of  higher  intermediate  value  of  goods  sold,  745. 

taking  .by  eminent  domain  in,  1116. 

constitution  of,  referred  to,  1122. 

on  eminent  domain,  1123. 

as  to  benefit,  1135. 
CALL  ON  STOCK,  contract  to  pay,  627. 

d.  against  telephowe  company  for  failure  to  answer,  897a. 
CANAL,  d.  for  fillmg  up,  35  n,  93. 

private,  93. 

pubUc,  d.  for  enlargement  of,  95. 

failure  to  furnish  dredges  for  use  in,  161. 

contract  to  construct,  655. 

drainage,  1149  n. 

seepage  from,  1164. 

taking  of  materials  for  construction  of,  1107. 

d.  from  construction  of,  1164. 


3118  INDEX 

(References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CANAL-BOAT,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  765. 

CANAL  COMPANY,  flooding  of  land  by,  1108  n. 

CANCELLATION  OF  CONTRACT,  by  its  terms,  &55d.    See  Repudiation. 

CANON,  value  of  land  in,  11716. 

CANONS  OF  INTERPRETATION,  of  agreements  for  stipulated  d.,  409. 

CAPACITY,  probable  future  increase  of,  180a. 

of  business,  compensation  for  limiting,  1152a. 

to  earn,  of  deceased,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  574a,  S80a. 
See  Eabning  Capacity. 

of  franchise,  1171d. 

to  have  offspring,  d.  for  loss  of,  485. 

to  labor,  d.  for  diminution  of,  171a,  n. 
d.  for  injury  to,  180,  484. 
of  married  woman,  486. 
of  minor,  4866. 

physical,  485.    See  Physical  Capacity. 
CAPITAL  not  advanced  by  partner,  interest  on,  301. 

no  interest  on  partnership,  310a. 
CAPRICE,  verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 
CAPTURE,  illegal,  d.  for,  175. 

exemplary  d.  for,  352. 

amounts  to  constructive  total  loss,  711. 
CARCASS,  d.  for  killing  animal  reduced  by  value  of,  435. 

d.  for  leaving  near  plaintiff's  house,  948. 
CARE,  requisite  in  avoiding  consequences,  221,  221a. 
in  avoiding  effect  of  personal  injury,  2216. 

for  person  during  life,  recovery  on  contract  to,  616. 

question  of  due,  1110. 

evidence  of  value  of,  1304. 

of  husband,  recovery  by  wife  for  loss  of,  578. 

of  parent,  recovery  by  child  for  loss  of,  577. 
CARGO,  d.  for  failure  to  furnish,  211,  858. 

avoidable  consequences  of  failure  to  furnish,  211,  221a. 

contribution  of,  to  general  average,  717. 

expense  of  saving  and  storing,  in  admiralty,  589. 

of  unloading  by  lighters  after  obstruction  of  channel,  226g. 

injury  to,  596a. 

insurance  of  carrier's  liability  on,  713. 

jettison  of,  717. 

loss  of,  by  collision,  596. 

one  of  the  interest  in  jeopardy  on  voyage,  717. 

recovery  for  damage  to,  596. 

subject  of  marine  insurance,  709. 

total  loss  of,  710. 

value  of,  596,  712,  714,  717. 
for  general  average,  717. 

wrongful  injury  to,  need  not  be  anticipated,  224. 
CARLISLE  TABLES,  admissible  to  prove  duration  of  Ufe,  1306. 
CARRIAGE,  manufacture  of,  164a. 

pole  supplied  for,  164a. 


INDEX  3119 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CARRIAGE— Continued. 
value  of,  251. 

d.  for  failure  to  receive,  751. 
d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  part  of,  765. 
contract  of.    See  Carrier. 

avoidable  consequences  of  violation  of,  212. 
recoupment  in  contract  of,  1068. 
CARRIAGE-POLE,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  765. 
CARRIER,  obligation  of,  whether  contract  or  tort,  602. 
exemplary  d.  against,  363,  371a. 
special  d.  must  be  alleged  in  actions  against,  1267. 
excessive  d.  in  actions  against,  1342. 
inadequate  d.  in  actions  against,  1370. 
CARRIER  OF  GOODS  must  compensate  direct  loss,  1216. 
avoidable  consequences  of  injury  by,  204,  212. 
interest  in  actions  against,  318. 

exemplary  d.  against,  for  refusal  to  deliver  goods,  373a. 
liquidated  d.,  419. 

insurance  of  liabiUty  of,  on  valued  marine  poUcy,  713. 
recovery  by,  on  fire  policy,  725. 
recoupment  against,  1068. 
telegraph  company  is  not,  875. 
notice  to,  of  intention  to  resell,  162. 
of  special  use  for  money,  168. 

for  material  for  manufacture,  153,  166. 
for  tools,  153. 

for  machinery,  144,  145,  153,  165,  178. 
form  of  action  against,  840. 
measure  of  d.  against,  a  question  of  law,  840. 
compensation  of,  for  transporting  goods,  841. 
acceptance  of  goods  from,  before  destination  reached,  841. 
actions  against,  842  et  seq. 
d.  for  refusal  to  transport,  842. 
consequential  d.  for  refusal  to  transport,  843. 
■  d.  for  failure  to  furnish  cars,  843o. 
d.  for  loss  or  destruction  by,  152. 
d.  for  non-delivery,  844. 

place  of  estimating  value  on  non-delivery,  198,  845. 
in  case  of  connecting  lines,  846. 
,     d.  for  failure  to  forward  goods,  846a. 

time  of  estimating  value  on  non-delivery,  847. 
reduction  of  d.  for  non-delivery,  848. 
by  acceptance  of  goods,  848. 
by  receipt  of  insurance  money,  849. 
interest  in  action  against,  for  loss  of  goods,  317. 
consequential  d.  for  non-delivery,  164,  166,  168,  200,  850. 
when  include  profits,  176. 
sufficient  notice  of,  159. 
limitation  of  liability  of,  851. 
d.  for  injury  during  transportation,  852. 


3120  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CARRIER  OF  GOODS— Coraimued. 

time  of  estimating  value  of  injured  goods,  852. 

reduction  of  d.  for  injury,  852. 
d.  for  misdelivery,  524,  853. 

reduction  of  d.  for  misdelivery,  87,  853. 

nominal  d.  for  misdelivery,  853. 
d.  for  delay  in  delivery,  143,  164,  165,  854. 

of  cotton,  166. 

of  machinery,  146,  190. 

of  mill  shaft,  144. 

of  money,  168. 

of  samples,  195. 

in  transportation  by  sea,  865. 
interest  against,  for  delay  in  delivering  goods,  316. 
consequential  d.  for  delay  in  deliveiy,  136,  856. 

loss  of  profits  whether  remote,  856. 
notice  of  special  consequences  of  delay,  169a,  856a. 

of  advantages  of  prompt  shipment,  164. 

of  expenses  of  litigation  on  sub-contract,  240. 
d.  for  delay  in  lading  or  unlading  a  vessel,  857. 
d.  for  discrimination,  857a. 

d.  for  breach  of  agreement  to  fumidi  freight,  164,  211,  857. 
CARRIER  OF  PASSENGERS,  not  hable  for  inconvenience  from  deflay,  42. 
inconvenience  of  walking  home,  42. 
setting  down  at  wrong  station,  consequential  d.,  150. 
notice  of  necessity  of  promptness,  161. 
avoidable  consequences,  204,  212,  872. 
wrongful  demand  of  additional  fare  by,  222. 
responsible  for  cold  caught  by  passenger,  226>?. 
liability  of,  for  delay  of  passenger,  226A;. 

whether  expense  of  special  train  is  recoverable,  2261^. 
exemplary  d.,  388. 
nature  of  liability  of,  859. 
form  of  action  against,  150,  859. 
d.  for  personal  injury,  860. 
d.  for  fright  and  nervous  shock,  861,  866. 
d.  for  failure  to  carry  a  passenger,  862. 
d.  for  delay  in  transporting  a  passenger,  863. 
d.  for  failure  to  carry  to  destination,  864. 
d.  for  carriage  beyond  station,  864a. 
d.  for  expulsion  from  train,  865. 

avoidable  consequences  of  expulsion,  865,  872. 
failure  to  furnish  agreed  accommodations,  865a. 
compensation  for  the  risk  of  injury,  866. 
consequences  of  exposure,  867-871. 

American  rule,  868. 

Pullman  Palace  Car  Co.  v.  Barker,  869. 

Brown  v.  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway,  870. 

general  conclusions,  871. 
liability  of,  for  loss  of  baggage,  873. 


INDEX  3121 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  noie.] 

CARS  for  street  railway,  195  n. 

d.  against  carrier  for  failure  to  furnish,  843a. 

d.  for  discrimination  in  furnishing,  857a. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  furnish,  999. 

change  in  size  of,  1149  n. 

risk  of  running  off  track,  1165. 
CASE,  object  of,  is  to  obtain  money  judgment,  4. 
CASES,  English,  on  eminent  domain  referred  to,  1123. 
CASH,  d.  for  failure  to  insist  on  payment  in,  692/. 

failure  by  agent  to  exact  payment  in,  829. 
CASH  VALUE,  722,  1171ci. 

definition  of,  in  statute  of  eminent  domain,  1171rf. 
CASHIER,  recovery  on  bond  of,  694. 
CASUALTIES  to  cattle,  1163. 
CAT,  hurt  by  dog,  d.  for,  43A,  n. 

CATALOGUING,  auctioneer  entitled  to  reimbursement  for,  834. 
CATTLE,  annoyance  of  keeping  out,  1164. 

avoidable  consequences  of  turning  out,  214. 

casualties  to,  1163. 

contract  to  furnish  distillery  slops  for  feeding,  164. 

cost  and  annoyance  of  keeping  out,  1164. 

d.  against  carrier  for  killing,  844. 
for  wrongful  unloading,  852. 

d.  by  injury  to  young,  209. 

d.  caused  by,  125,  125o. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  pasture,  608,  620  n. 
by  tenant  not  to  pasture  on  wet  land,  999fc. 

d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  854. 

d.  for  depriving  of  pasturage,  927. 

d.  for  trespass  by,  214.  . 

d.  to,  by  injunction  against  building  stable,  685/. 

delay  in  deUvery  of  cotton-seed  for  feeding  of,  152  n. 

delay  in  shipment  of,  212. 

diseased,  d.  for  infection  by,  125. 

distraint  of,  damage  feasant,  945. 

failure  to  deliver  machine  for  cutting  fodder  for,  205n. 
to  deliver  mill  to  grind  com  for,  742. 
to  furnish  water  to,  221a. 

failure  to  pasture,  205  n. 

injury  by  trespass  of,  201,  214c. 

injury  to,  by  lack  of  pasturage,  221a. 
need  not  be  anticipated,  224. 
by  drinking  polluted  water,  223. 

loss  of  sale  of,  through  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  883. 

no  obligation  on  owner  to  lessen  damage  from  killing  of,  218. 

obstruction  of  way  used  to  feed,  215. 

recoupment  for  injury  caused  by  landlord's,  1058. 

recovery  against  several  owners  for  joint  trespass  of,  431. 

were  primitive  substitute  for  money,  10  n.,  200.    See  Animals. 
CATTLE  CARS,  d.  for  failure  to  erect,  22ei. 

196 


3122  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note. J 

CATTLE  CPiBB—Cmtinued. 

expense  of  constructing,  1152a. 
CATTLE  DEALER,  evidence  of  profits  by,  181m. 
CATTLE-GUARDS,  contract  to  build,  631. 

compensation  for  expense  of,  115a,  1167. 
CATTLE  RAISING,  profits  of,  182a,  n. 

CAUSA  PROXIMA  in  actions  against  telegraph  companies,  897. 
CAUSA  PROXIMA  NON  REMOTA  SPECTATUR,  114. 
CAUSE,  intervening  in  action  of  contract,  602  n. 
CAUSE  OF  ACTION,  what  constitutes,  33,  836. 

when  entire,  84  et  seq.,  636g. 

joinder  of  good  and  bad,  1276. 
CAUSE  OF  DAMAGE,  in  condemnation  proceeding,  1153. 

courts  not  agreed  as  to,  1170. 

when  property  is  taken,  1185,  1186. 
CAUSE  OF  OFFENCE,  discontinuance  of,  as  mitigation  of  exemplary  d.,  383. 
CAUSEWAY,  improper  construction  of,  1123  n. 
CELLAR,  negligence  in  constructing,  765. 

flooding,  1166d. 
CEMENT,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766. 

rock,  d.  for  removal  from  land,  935  n. 

walk,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  construct,  647c,  n. 
CENTRE  of  population,  establishment  of,  new,  is  general  benefit,  1129. 
CERTAIN,  d.  must  be,  ch.  ix.    See  Certainty;  Certainty  op  Proof. 

fact  of  loss  must  be  shown  with  reasonable  certainty,  170. 

absolute  certainty  not  required  as  to  amount  of  loss,  170o. 

best  proof  possible  must  be  given,  171. 

value  found  by  jury  without  evidence,  171a. 

alternative  rules  of  damages,  1716. 

prospective  loss,  172^ 

future  effects  of  personal  injury,  172a. 

gain  prevented;  profits,  173. 

allowance  of  profits,  how  regulated,  174. 

early  cases,  175. 

profits  recoverable  if  proximate,  natural,  and  certain,  176. 

general  rule,  177ii 

cases  of  entire  loss  do  not  fall  within  the  rule,  178. 

gain  expected  from  the  use  of  money,  179. 

loss  through  injury  to  capacity  for  labor,  180. 

probable  future  increase  of  capacity,  180a. 

personal  injury  resulting  in  loss  of  business,  181. 

profits  of  an  established  business,  182. 

uncertain  profits  of  an  established  business,  182a. 

profits  of  an  unlawful  business,  1826. 
of  a  new  business,  183. 

damages  for  obstructing  the  use  of  land,  184. 

failure  to  give  possession  of  real  estate,  185. 

failure  to  put  a  structure  on  land,  186. 

loss  of  use  of  a  road  or  bridge,  187. 

damages  for  wrongful  eviction,  188. 


INDEX  3123 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CEKTAm— Continued. 

loss  of  the  use  of  business  premises,  189. 

injury  to  maciiinery,  190. 

injury  to  crop,  191,  937. 

profits  of  a  contract,  192. 

contracts  for  a  share  in  the  profits  of  a  business,  193. 

agency  commission  contracts,  193a. 

contracts  in  restraint  of  trade  or  competition,  193&. 

collateral  profits,  194. 

loss  of  use  of  personal  property,  195. 

loss  of  use  of  a  vessel,  196. 

profits  expected  from  a  sale  of  goods,  197. 

profits  included  in  the  market  price,  198. 

profits  expected  from  the  manufacture  of  raw  material,  199. 
from  competition  or  speculation;  value  of  a  chance,  200. 
CERTAINTY,  m  elevated  railway  cases,  1205. 

necessary  for  recovery  of  d.  on  injunction  bond,  6856. 

no  recovery  for  loss  of  speculative  profits,  889. 

of  loss  in  action  against  telegraph  companies,  888. 

of  profits  expected  from  use  of  money,  685ft. 

rules  of,  applicable  to  actions  for  injury  to  passenger,  860. 

of  profits  of  business,  685e,  1087. 

of  d.  for  injury  to  land,  927. 

under  eminent  domain  statutes,  1087. 
CERTAINTY  OF  PROOF,  170  et  seq.    See  Phopits. 

loss  must  be  proved  with  reasonable  certainty,  170,  888,  889. 

when  not  to  be  attained,  reasonable  probability  must  be  shown,  170. 

best  proof  possible  must  be  given,  171. 

in  action  for  trespass  to  lands,  932.  , 

of  loss  from  personal  injury,  180. 

of  loss  of  business  through  personal  injury,  181. 

of  loss  of  capacity  to  labor,  180. 

of  loss  of  chance  of  promotion,  860. 

of  loss  of  opportunity  to  compete  for  prize,  200. 

of  loss  of  professional  earnings,  180. 

of  loss  of  speculation,  200. 

of  loss  of  time,  180. 

of  profits,  173  et  seq.,  1087.    See  Profits. 

of  prospective  loss,  172.    See  Prospective  Damages. 

of  value  of  growing  crops,  937. 

rules  as  to,  1087,  1094. 
CERTAINTY  OF  REMOTENESS,  1094. 
CERTIFICATE  OF  STOCK,  value  of,  257. 

conversion  of,  494. 
CESTUI  QUE  TRUST,  d.  recoverable  by,  for  injury  to  land,  70,  83. 
CHAIN,  warranty  of  sufRcieilcy  of,  164a. 

CHAMPAGNE,  value  of,  where  similar  quality  not  procurable,  163. 
CHANCE  of  being  called  upon  to  stay,  170. 

of  gain,  compensation  for  loss  of,  200. 
value  of,  200. 


3124  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CHANCE— Con«»ni<ed. 

of  obtaining  employment,  200. 
prize,  200. 

that  father  will  pay  son's  debts,  200. 

of  presenting  one's  self  for  employment,  200. 

of  promotion,  860. 
CHANCELLORS,  jury  said  to  be,  605. 

CHANCERY  interposes  to  prevent  forfeiture  of  penalty,  6756. 
CHANGE  in  building  plans,  1164. 

in  constitutions  with  regard  to  taking  by  eminent  domain,  1122. 

in  construction,  new  d.  from,  1152. 

in  course  of  river,  1120. 

in  current  of  river,  1109  n. 

in  grade  of  sidewalk,  1122. 

of  street,  1110  n,  1112a,  1112a,  n.,  1119,  1119  n,  1120,  1121  n, 
1122  n,  1123  n,  1149  n,  11496,  1151  n,  1164,  11656,  1168  n. 

in  gauge  of  railroad,  1152. 

in  plan  of  construction,  1152. 

in  size  of  cars,  1149  n. 

in  structure,  1109. 

in  use  of  property  taken,  1109. 
CHANGED  CONDITIONS,  cost  of  adapting  property  to,  1164. 
CHARACTER  of  plaintiff,  mitigation  of  d.  because  of,  451,  480,  641. 

as  affecting  d.  for  defamation,  451. 
for  false  imprisonment,  466. 
for  personal  injury,  488. 

in  mitigation  of  exemplary  d.,  377. 

of  appliances,  1166. 

of  deceased,  may  be  proved  in  action  for  death,  580o. 

of  newspaper,  aggravation  of  d.  in  libel  because  of,  445. 

of  soil,  1166c. 
CHARGE,  contract  to  indemnify  against,  795. 

on  damages  must  be  in  accordance  with  law,  1320. 

erroneous,  1321. 
CHARITABLE  AID,  d.  not  reduced  because  of  receipt  of,  67,  719,  860. 
CHARTER,  detinue  for,  527. 

of  city,  provisions  of,  1112a. 
CHARTER-PARTY,  demurrage  in,  391,  419,  420. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  in  admiralty,  589. 

recoupment  in  action  on,  1063,  1068. 
CHARTER  POWERS,  acts  outside,  1110. 

CHARTERER,  d.  against,  for  breach  of  contract  to  furnish  cargo,  858. 
CHASTITY,  want  of,  as  mitigation  of  d.  for  seduction,  476. 

for  personal  injury,  488  n. 

for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
CHATTEL,  d.  recoverable  by  limited  owner  of,  76. 
by  possessor  against  stranger,  76. 
in  replevin,  77. 
possessor  against  owner,  78. 
against  one  from  whom  owner  cannot  recover  full  value,  79. 


INDEX  3125 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
CHATTEL— Cowiinited. 

by  owner  out  of  possession,  80. 

by  party  to  conditional  sale,  80a. 
to  mortgage,  81. 

between  parties  to  mortgage  of,  82. 

between  mortgagor  or  mortgagee,  81,  82. 

by  part  owner,  83. 

by  creditor  in  case  of  fraudulent  transfer  of,  83o. 
d.  for  loss  of  use  of,  195. 
payment  in,  279-281. 
value  of,  242  et  seg. 
measure  of  d.  for  destruction  of,  432a. 
action  for  injury  to,  432o. 
value  of,  how  estimated,  433. 
value  of,  when  estimated,  434. 
d.  for  detention  of,  435. 
measure  of  d.  for  injury  to,  435. 
expenses  of  repair  or  cure  of,  435. 
d.  for  depreciation  in  value  of,  435. 
d.  for  loss  of  use  of,  435. 

no  consequential  d.  for  total  destruction  of,  436. 
consequential  d.  for  injury  to,  436. 
expenses  of  avoiding  consequences  recoverable,  437. 

even  when  they  enhance  loss,  438. 
higher  intermediate  value  on  non-delivery  of,  507,  517,  519,  744r-749 
d.  for  removal  of,  in  action  for  trespass  q.  c.  /.,  943. 
recoupment  in  case  of  sale  of,  1059  et  seq. 

hire  of,  1063. 

exchange  of,  1071. 
sale  of.   See  Sale.  , 

CHECK,  dishonor  of,  45. 

d.  for,  need  not  be  proved,  1310a. 

d.  for  failure  to  pay,  105,  153a,  171a. 

d.  for  destruction  of,  107a,  n. 

d.  for  detention  of,  538. 
arrest  for  swindling  as  result  of  dishonor  of,  168. 
value  of,  256. 

interest  on,  from  time  of  presentment,  302a. 
re-exchange  on,  700a. 
right  of  set-off  against,  1031. 
CHIEF  OF  POLICE,  recovery  on  bond  of,  692a. 
CHILD,  breach  of  contract  to  support,  633a. 
d.  for  injury  to,  43^,  n.,  441. 
d.  for  wrongful  removal  of,  from  train,  43ff,  n. 
d.  for  delay  of  message  announcing  illness  of,  894. 
d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death  of,  8946. 
exemplary  d.  for  loss  of  service  of,  376. 

expense  of  search  for,  recoverable  in  action  for  abduction,  469. 
fear  of  deformity  of  unborn,  43ff. 
four  years  old,  capacity  of,  to  suffer  mentally,  43J;. 


3126  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CHILD — Continued. 

malicious  arrest  of,  4dg,  n. 

mental  suffering  may  be  felt  by,  4Sk,  89id. 

presumption  of  loss  to,  in  action  for  death,  584a. 

recovery  by,  for  loss  of  earning  capacity,  86c,  n. 
for  death  of  parent,  577. 
for  losses  after  majority,  577. 
for  services  rendered  to  parent,  673d. 
for  fright  from  expulsion  from  train,  865. 

recovery  by  parent  for  loss  of  society  of,  48. 
for  death  of,  172a,  575,  576. 

based  on  continuance  of  life  beyond  minority,  575. 
for  death  of  adult,  576. 
CHILDBEARING  POWER,  d.  for  loss  of,  41a. 
CHILDBIRTH,  recovery  for,  by  woman  seduced,  477. 
CHILDREN,  number  of,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  580. 
CHOSE  IN  ACTION,  value  of,  256. 
CHRISTIAN  SCIENTIST,  bearing  on  pain  of  fact  that  one  is,  1307. 

capacity  of,  to  suffer  pain,  43fc. 
CHRISTMAS  TRADE,  d.  for  loss  of,  182a,  n. 

CHURCH,  evidence  admitted  that  deceased  was  member  of,  in  action  for  death, 
580a. 

benefit  to,  by  opening  streets,  1128. 

value  of  land  for,  11716. 
CHURCH  SERVICES,  d.  for  interruption  of ,  42. 
CHURCHYARDS,  taking  of,  1081. 
CICERO,  his  criticism  of  Roman  procedure,  1313. 
CIGARETTE  MACHINE,  d.  for  failure  to  exhibit,  194. 
CINDERS,  d.  from,  1116,  1121,  1123  n,  1151,  1152a,  1165,  1165a,  1165a,  n. 
CIPHER  MESSAGES,  d.  for  default  in  transmitting,  154,  890,  891. 
CIRCUITY  OF  ACTION,  prevention  of,  1031. 

doctrine  of  recoupment  founded  on  avoidance  of,  1040. 
CIRCUMSTANCES  of  breach  of  promise  of  marriage  may  be  shown,  639a. 

of  family,  shown  in  action  for  death,  580. 
in  action  for  death  of  adult  child,  576. 

of  plaintiff,  considered  in  actions  for  death,  574o. 
CITY,  interest  on  claim  against,  302a,  337. 

for  destruction  of  property,  317. 

forfeiture  in  contract  with,  whether  penalty,  416a. 

liability  of,  for  ultra  vires  act,  1110  n. 

improvements  by,  1112. 

taking  water  works  by,  under  contract,  1173. 
CITY  ATTORNEY,  recovery  for  services  of,  on  injunction  bond,  686ifc. 
CITY  CHARTER,  provisions  of,  1112o. 
CITY  CLERK,  recovery  on  bond  of,  693. 
CITY  LIMITS,  building  of  drains  outside  of,  1110  n. 
CITY  LOTS,  value  of  land  for,  1165b,  11716. 
CITY  ORDINANCE  for  condemnation,  1151  n. 
CITY  PROPERTY,  net  yield  of,  1179. 
CIVIL  DAMAGE  ACT,  individual  acts  causing  injury  governed  by,  36a. 


INDEX  3127 

IReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CIVIL  DAMAGE  ACT— Continued. 

principles  on  which  the  statutes  rest,  1247. 

when  death  ensues,  1248. 

means  of  support,  1249. 

injury  to  property,  1249a. 

other  damages,  1250. 

sales  by  several  persons,  1251. 

acquiescence  a  bar,  1252. 

avoidable  consequences,  1253. 

exemplary  damages,  363,  377a,  387,  1254. 

consequential  damages,  143,  1255. 

mental  suffering,  359,  1256. 

excessive  damages  under,  1366. 
CIVIL  LAW,  d.  in,  discretionary,  25. 

exemplary  d.  in,  355. 

liquidated  d.  in,  393,  427. 

as  to  confusion,  505. 

as  to  interest  on  bill  or  note,  697. 

as  to  sale  of  chattel,  783. 

as  to  payment  by  note,  797  n. 

recovery  in,  for  improvements  on  ejectment  from  land,  903.  ' 

allowance  for  improvements  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  915. 

analogies  of,  as  to  real  covenants,  954. 

meaning  of  "compensation"  in,  1031. 
CLAIM,  d.  for  failure  to  collect,  633c. 
against  guardian,  692k. 
against  agent,  819. 
against  attorney,  831. 

contract  to  indemnify  against,  794;  795. 

d.  for  neglect  to  prosecute,  814,  831. 

against  telegraph  company,  limited  by  rule,  876. 

what  may  be  allowed,  1041. 

limit  of  time  for,  under  statute  of  eminent  domain,  1151  n. 
CLAY,  profits  from  selling,  184. 

d.  for  removal  from  land,  935  n. 
by  tenant,  936. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  remove,  614  n. 

value  of  deposits  of,  1166e. 
CLERGYMAN,  injury  to,  180. 

injury  to  reputation  of,  153a,  n. 
CLERK,  city,  recovery  on  bond  of,  693. 

county,  d.  against  for  negligence,  560,  561. 

d.  in  action  against,  559,  559a. 

recovery  on  bond  of,  692A. 

town,  d.  in  action  against,  562. 
CLOAK-ROOM  in  theatre,  contract  for  furnishing,  1097. 
CLOSING  of  alley,  d.  for,  1149  n. 

of  highway,  1090,  1123. 
CLOTH,  breach  of  contract  to  dye,  620  w. 

d.  to  while  sponging,  633&,  n. 


3128  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CWTn—Cmtinued. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766  n. 

d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  854. 
CLOTHES,  value  of,  251. 
CLOTHING,  value  of,  251,  722,  873. 

value  of  second-hand,  251. 

use  of,  107a,  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  press,  614  n. 
CLOUD  on  title,  caused  by  injunction  suit,  Q85h. 
CLOVER  seed,  value  of,  768. 

COACH,  agreement  not  to  run,  liquidated  d.  for  breach  of,  418. 
COAL,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  quality  of,  156,  162. 

d.  for  wrongfully  mining,  501,  502,  503,  935. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  mine,  614  n. 
to  carry,  618  n. 

d.  for  failure  to  transport,  633d,  843. 

d.  for  non-deUvery  of,  734. 

d.  for  failure  to  furnish  cars  for  transportation  of,  843a. 

d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  856. 

d.  for  removal  from  land,  935. 

failure  of  title  to,  976. 

nearness  of  pipe-line  to  underlying,  1166c. 
COAL-BEARING  LAND,  support  of  surface  by,  1166c. 
COAL  BEDS,  nature  of,  184. 
COAL  DEALER,  evidence  of  profits  of,  181  n. 
COAL  DUST  sold  for  brick,  164a. 
COAL  LAND,  breach  of  covenants  in  lease  of,  999k. 
COAL  STRATA,  support  for  pipe-line  from,  1166c. 
COAL-YARD,  d.  to,  1164. 
COATS,  contract  to  manufacture,  208  n. 
CODE  NAPOLEON,  1312. 

damages  under  the  system  in  France  previous  to,  25. 
CODES,  d.  under  modem  European,  28a. 
COFFIN,  d.  for  failure  to  furnish,  45. 
COIN.    »See  Payment,  Medium  of. 

whether  merchandise,  272  n. 

specific  agreements  to  pay  in,  270. 

judgment  payable  in,  272. 

d.  against  carrier,  for  loss  of,  272. 

tort  for  loss  of  gold,  272. 

d.  for  conversion  of,  492. 

foreign,  value  of,  in  this  country,  273,  274. 
COLD,  exposure  of  passenger  to,  143  n. 

loss  of  apples  by,  164. 

injury  from,  in  riding  to  destination  after  wrongful  conduct  of  carrier 
226i. 

compensation  for  suffering  caused  by,  457. 

contracted  by  passenger,  by  reason  of  delay  in  transportation,  863. 
of  wrongful  expulsion,  867. 
COLLAR-BONE,  excessive  damages  for  fracture  of,  1350. 


INDEX  3129 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
COLLATERAL  profits,  194. 

undertakings,  profits  of  excluded,  130. 

agreement  on  sale  of  goods,  damages  for  breach  of,  749a, 

agreement  to  save  harmless,  791. 

security,  d.  against  bank  for  loss  of,  819. 
COLLECTION,  d.  against  agent  for,  819. 

of  claim,  d.  for  failure  to  make,  633c. 

of  judgment,  d.  for  injunction  against,  685^. 

of  money,  to  what  official  term  referred,  &92d. 

of  note,  guaranty  of,  803. 
COLLECTOR  OF  CUSTOMS,  liability  of,  to  exemplary  d.,  381. 

d.  against,  563. 
COLLECTOR  OF  TAXES,  d.  in  action  against,  562. 
COLLIERY,  contract  for  sale  of  output  of,  1076. 
COLLISION,  d.  for  injury  by,  175,  196,  214. 

loss  of  profits  by,  175. 

avoidable  consequences  of,  214. 

expenses  of  salvage  and  repair,  226d. 

interest  allowed  in  case  of,  317,  597a. 

measure  of  d.  for,  587  et  seq. 

division  of  loss  by,  587. 

in  case  of  mutual  fault,  587. 
in  case  of  inscrutable  fault,  587. 
in  case  of  inevitable  accident,  587. 

liability  of  offending  vessels  to  third  parties',  588. 

consequential  d.  for,  589. 

conjectural  loss  by,  589,  593. 

whether  recoverable  in  excess  of  value,  590. 

reduction  of  d.  by,  591. 

insurance  paid  does  not  reduce  d.  for,  591. 

"one-third  new  for  old"  does  not  apply  in  case  of,  592. 

partial  loss  by,  592. 

loss  of  earnings  by,  593. 

total  loss  by,  594. 

value  of  vessel  lost  by,  595. 

loss  of  cargo  by,  596. 

costs  in  case  of,  597. 

stipulations  in  case  of,  598. 

recovery  on  insurance  policy  for  injury  by,  718. 
COLONIES,  substitutes  for  money  in,  266. 
COLORADO,  no  exemplary  d.  in,  at  common  law,  358. 

constitutional  provisions  for  taking  by  eminent  domain  in,  1123. 
as  to  benefit  in,  1136. 
COLORED  WOMAN,  d.  by,  for  being  wrongfully  placed  in  car,  47  n. 
COLORING  MATTER,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766. 
COLUMBIA,  District  of,  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
COMBINATION  to  raise  or  depress  price,  agreement  to  form,  632. 
COMFORT,  recovery  for  interference  with,  929. 

of  home,  recovery  for  deprivation  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 


3130  INDEX 

•  [References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

COMFORT— Conimwed. 

of  husband,  recovery  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  mar- 
riage, 638a. 

of  wife,  recovery  by  husband  for  loss  of,  148. 
COMMENCEMENT  OF  SUIT,  whether  damages  allowed  after,  84,  85.    See 

Pkospbctive  Damages. 
COMMERCIAL  MESSAGE,  d.  for  default  in  transmitting,  882  et  seq.,  891. 
COMMISSION  on  business,  193o. 

on  orders  sent  in,  193a,  n. 

on  probable  future  sales,  633. 

on  gopds  manufactured,  compensation  by,  669. 

to  be  added  to  value  of  cargo,  712. 

due  to  broker  for  services,  834a. 

compensation  for  loss  of,  by  wrongful  discharge,  834c. 

d.  for  discharge  of  agent  compensated  by,  834c. 

of  insurance  agent,  on  renewals,  834e. 

from  both  parties,  agent  not  entitled  to,  834/. 

of  broker,  not  recoverable  for  breach  of  contract  to  convey  land,  1017. 
COMMISSION  AGENT,  recovery  by,  on  policy  of  insurance,  725. 
COMMISSIONER  to  construct  drain,  recovery  on  bond  of,  692. 
COMMODITIES,  contract  payable  m,  279,  290. 
COMMON,  action  for  surcharge  of,  100. 

maintenance  of  action  by  tenant  in,  75. 
COMMON  CARRIER.    See  Carrier. 

telegraph  company  is  not,  875. 
COMMON  COUNT,  recovery  on.   See  Quantum  Meruit. 

action  on,  106. 
COMMON  INJURY,  1165a. 
COMMON  LAW  differs  from  equity  as  to  d.,  4. 

gives  no  remedy  in  case  of  public  wrongs,  34. 

for  which  no  private  remedy,  35. 

unless  there  is  particular  private  damage,  35. 

relieves  only  from  actual  injury,  96a. 

exemplary  d.  in,  355. 

no  apportionment  of  loss  between  wrong  doers  in,  586. 

principles  of,  in  actions  for  breach  of  contract,  604. 

recovery  for  mesne  profits  in,  906. 

change  of,  by  constitution  as  to  d.  for  taking  by  eminent  domain, 
1122. 

d.  not  actionable  at,  whether  recoverable  in  eminent  domain,  1124. 

allowance  of  benefits  at,  not  matter  of  difficulty,  1125. 
COMMUNICATION  OF  DISEASE,  d.  for,  125,  769,  927. 
COMPANIONSHIP,  recovery  for  loss  of,  by  husband  on  death  of  wife,  578. 
COMPANY,  flooding  of  land  by  canal,  1108  n. 

acquisition  of  property  held  by  water,  1171d. 
COMPASS,  recovery  in  admiralty  of  expense  of  readjusting,  589. 
COMPENSATION,  for  consequential  d.    See  Consequential  Damages. 

prospective  profits.    See  Consequential  Damages. 

recovery  beyond.    See  Exemplary  Damages. 

in,  reference  to  profits.    See  Profits. 


INDEX  3131 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

COMPENSATION— CoJi<m«erf. 

under  eminent  domain  statutes.    See  Eminent  Domain. 

judgment  given  to  make,  2. 

in  equity,  3. 

Anglo-Saxon  was  pecuniary,  10. 

amount  of,  defined  in  Anglo-Saxon  law,  11. 

remedy  for  invasion  of  right  of,  29. 

the  method  of  redress  at  law,  29,  30. 

is  the  rule  in  tort,  30. 

principle  of,  adhered  to  even  in  tort  whqre  no  aggravation,  30. 

in  actions  on  contract,  30. 

consideration  immaterial,,  30. 

departed  from  in  actions  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  30  n. 

in  admiralty,  30  n. 

in  allowance  of  exemplary  d.,  30  n.,  347, 

amount  of,  is  a  question  of  law,  31. 

analysis  of,  37. 

the  elements  of  injury,  37. 

perfect  compensation  impossible,  38. 

aim  of  law,  38. 

legal  acceptation  of,  38. 

inaccurate  to  speak  of  damages  as  resulting  in,  38. 

how  far  term  incorrectly  applied,  38. 

limitations  of,  38. 

legal,  inadequate,  38. 

juridical  interpretation  of,  a  very  restricted  one,  38. 

the  injuries  for  which  compensation  is  given,  39. 

for  injuries  to  property,  40. 

for  physical  pain,  41. 

for  impairment  of  physical  power,  41o. 

for  inconvenience,  42. 

for  mental  suffering — ^Early  misconception  of  rule,  43. 

ambiguity  of  the  term  "Mental  Suffering,"  43o. 

physical  impact  theory,  436. 

public  policy  theory,  43c. 

the  course  of  decision,  43d. 

conclusion  to  which  the  course  of  decision  points,  43e. 

mental  suffering  alone  not  usually  a  cause  of  action,  43/. 

no  recovery  for  sympathetic  mental  suffering,  43j. 

mental  suffering  resulting  in  physical  harm,  43ft. 

mental  suffering  consequent  upon  an  independent  actionable  wrong, 
431 

mental  suffering  for  intentional  wrong,  43^. 
what  persons  can  suffer  mentally,  43fc. 

damages  .fqr  mental  suffering  in  actions  for  personal  injury,  44. 

for  tortious  injury  to  property,  44a. 

in  actions  of  contract,  45. 

in  actions  against  pubUc  service  corporations,  45a. 

difficulty  of  estimating  in  money  no  objection,  46. 

mental  injury  must  be  real,  46a. 


3132  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

COMPENSATION— Conimued. 

kinds  of  mental  injury  compensated,  47. 

for  injuries  to  family  relations,  48. 
to  personal  liberty,  49. 
to  reputation  and  standing  in  society,  50. 

aggravation  and  mitigation,  51. 

matter  of  evidence,  not  of  law,  52. 

in  tort,  44-47.    See  Mental  Stjfpering. 

in  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  45,  47. 

in  libel  and  slander,  47. 

reduction  of  damages,  53  et  seq.    See  Damages. 

for  expenditure  in  recovering  property,  58. 

recoverable  by  one  owner,  68. 

for  loss  of  time,  180. 

rule  of,  must  not  be  departed  from  in  liquidating  d.,  406. 

a  question  of  law,  606. 

amount  of,  for  services  performed,  664. 

to  be  made  only  for  actual  loss  in  actions  on  bonds,  675d. 

due  to  agent  for  services,  834o. 

of  carrier,  841. 

for  risk  of  injury,  866. 

meaning  of,  in  civil  law,  1031. 

for  good  will,  1081,  1087. 

special  rules  as  to,  in  England,  1100. 

for  taking  or  damaging  property,  1106. 

in  absence  of  constitutional  provisions,  1107. 
covers  what  d.,  1108,  1109,  1110. 

for  detriment  to  landowner,  1150. 

for  use  of  track,  1150. 

meaning  of  statute  allowing  "just  compensation,"  1150. 

entry  without  making,  1151. 

in  something  else  than  money,  1172. 

based  on  enhanced  value,  1174. 

for  improvements,  1176. 

for  private  road,  1178. 

for  value  to  owner,  1081. 

based  on  good  will,  1083. 
COMPETE,  contract  not  to,  182. 
COMPETITION,  loss  of  opportunity  for,  200. 

profits  from,  200. 

agreement  not  to  sell  goods  in,  632. 
COMPLETION  of  railroad,  injury  after,  1151  n. 
COMPOSITION  OF  OFFENCES,  36. 

allowed  only  where  there  is  a  concurrent  civil  remedy,  36. 
COMPOUND  INTEREST,  now  allowed  on  legacy,  301c. 

recoverable  for  fraud  of  fiduciary,  311a. 
against  trustee,  311c. 
guardian,  3 lid. 

not  originally  allowed,  343. 

allowed  by  agreement,  343. 


INDEX  3133 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

COMPOUND  INTEREST— Continued. 
by  mercantile  custom,  344. 
for  fraud,  344. 

never  allowed  by  way  of  damages,  345. 

on  arrears  of  stipulated  interest,  345. 
of  annuity,  345. 

on  overdue  coupons,  346. 
COMPROMISE  of  public  offences  illegal,  36. 

of  private  tort,  36. 

verdict  reached  by,  may  be  set  aside  as  inadequate,  1368. 
COMPULSORY  and  permissive  powers,  distinction  between,  1089,  1111. 
COMPULSORY  EVICTION,  d.  from,  1080. 

diminution  in  value  because  of,  1083. 
COMPURGATORS,  trial  by,  16; 

CONCLUSIONS,  general  on  eminent  domain  in  the  United  States,  1124. 
CONCURRENT  INSURANCE,  720,  725. 
CONDEMNATION,  city  ordinance  for,  1151  n. 

d.  for  use  before,  1109. 

improvements  on  land  after  order  for,  1151. 

time  of  order  for,  1151. 

value  for  purpose  of,  llTle. 

of  island  for  boom,  llTle. 

of  land  for  boat  railway,  11716. 

for  levee  purposes,  1123  n.,  1149  n. 
for  reservoir  purposes,  1171e. 
used  for  a  ferry,  1173. 

of  turnpike,  1173. 
CONDEMNATION  PROCEEDINGS,  basis  of  right  in,  11496. 

past  trespasses  considered  in,  1150. 

conversion  of  action  of  trespass  into,  in  Minnesota,  1151. 

proof  in,  1163. 

judgment  confessed  in,  1109  n. 

building  of  road  without,  1165c. 
CONDITION  of  bond,  675a,  679a. 

of  purchase  or  sale,  d.  for  error  in  transmitting,  886. 

of  franchise,  1112a. 

cost  of  adapting  property  to  changed,  1164. 

of  property  as  left,  11656. 
CONDITIONAL  SALE,  effect  on  amount  of  recovery,  497g. 
CONDITIONAL  VENDOR,  recovery  by,  on  fire  poUcy,  725. 
CONDUCT  intentionally  insulting  d.  for,  43^. 

CONDUCTOR,  recovery  for  act  of,  in  putting  passenger  off  at  wrong  place, 
43j. 

liquidated  d.  against,  for  taking  fare  from  passenger,  416. 

consequences  of  negligence  of,  865. 

good  faith  of,  prevents  exemplary  d.  for  expulsion  from  train,  865. 
CONDUIT,  profits  of  contract  to  construct,  614  n. 
CONFEDERATE  STATES  MONEY,  contract  payable  in,  278. 

standard  of  value,  278. 

at  inception  of  contract,  278. 


3134  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONFEDERATE  STATES  MO^Wi— Continued. 
at  maturity  of  contract,  278. 

value  of  consideration,  278. 
CONFLAGRATION,  d.  for  destruction  of  property  to  stay,  723o,  928. 
CONFLICT  OF  LAWS,  ch.  lix. 

general  principles,  1373. 

actions  against  telegraph  companies,  1374. 

actions  on  a  bill  or  note,  1375. 

as  to  protest  for  non-acceptance  or  non-payment,  1375. 

as  to  re-exchange,  1375. 

damages  for  death,  1376. 

rate  of  interest,  1377. 

interest  on  judgments,  1378. 

presumption  as  to  legal  rate  of  interest,  1379. 

exemplary  damages,  1380. 

liquidated  damages,  1381. 

medium  of  payment,  1382. 

matters  of  procedure,  1383. 
CONFORMATION  of  land,  effect  of,  on  cost  of  bridge,  1171e. 
CONFUSION,  d.  for,  505. 
CONJECTURAL  probability  of  futuve  loss,  172. 

risk  and  danger,  1165c. 

d.  in  patent  suits  must  not  be,  1227. 
CONJECTURAL  DAMAGES.    See  Certainty  op  Proof. 

cannot  be  recovered  in  admiralty,  589,  593. 

on  statutory  bond,  680. 
CONJECTURAL  PROFITS,  cannot  be  recovered,  742a. 
CONJECTURE,  d.  not  reduced  by,  1161. 
CONNECTICUT,  amount  of  exemplary  damages  recovered  in,  234. 

rule  of  d.  for  escape  in,  554. 

rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  warranty,  962. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  allowance  of  benefits  in,  1147. 
CONNECTING  CARRIERS,  liability  of,  for  loss  of  goods,  846. 
CONNECTING  LINES,  liability  of  carrier  in  case  of,  846. 
CONNECTION  with  new  sewer,  expense  of  making,  1166d. 
CONNECTIONS,  delays,  inconveniences,  and  jolts  at,  1150. 

additional  value  due  to,  1173. 
CONSENT,  rescission  of  contract  by,  655e. 

rescission  of  service  by,  673. 

to  building  of  railroad,  1109. 

occupation  of  land  with,  1151  n. 

laying  tracks  without  owner's  consent,  1175. 

entry  by,  1177. 

by  acquiescence,  1177. 
CONSEQUENCES  OF  ILLEGAL  ACT,  when  damages  given  for.    See  Conse- 
quential Damages. 

future,  172. 

contingent',  speculative,  or  merely  possible,  172. 

which  might  have  been  prevented,  1104,  1172o.    See  Avoidable  Con- 
sequences. 


INDEX  3135 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.]i 

CONSEQUENCES  OF  ILLEGAL  ACT— Continued. 

of  exposure  to  weather,  whether  recoverable,  867  et  seq. 
CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES,  110  et  seq. 
I. — Proximate  and  Remote  Damages 

term  includes  remote  damages,  110. 

not  synonymous  with  remote  damages,  110. 

not  all  results  of  a  wrongful  act  are  compensated,  110. 

direct  and  indirect  results  of  a  wrong,  111. 

avoidable  consequences  distinguished.  111. 

direct  d.  distinguished  from  consequential,  111. 

fundamental  distinctions.  Ilia. 

proximate  and  remote  cause,  1116. 

tests  proposed  for  the  determination  of  proximate  cause,  111c. 

time  and  distance,  11  Id. 

probabiUty  and  rarity;  possibiUty  and  impossibility,  llle. 

causal  sequence.  111/. 

causa  sine  qua  non,  112. 

the  "but  for  which"  rule,  112. 

remote  consequences  not  compensated,  113. 

consequences  of  an  act  complex  in  nature,  114. 

Scott  V.  Shepherd,  115. 

what  consequences  are  remote,  115a. 

question  of  remoteness  a  question  of  fact,  116. 

instances  of  proximate  and  remote  consequences,  117. 

cause  and  condition,  118. 

exposure  to  risk:  negligence  concurring  with  cause  for  which  defendant 
is  not  responsible,  119. 

cases  against  carriers  119a. 

comparative  exposure  to  risk,  119a. 

anticipation  of  loss,  119a. 

causes  of  divergence  in  the  cases,  1196. 

analogy  in  cases  of  deviation,  119c. 

leading  cases  in  Massachusetts,  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  119(i. 

confusion  of  authorities,  119e. 

lack  of  privity  or  duty  as  affecting  cause  of  action,  120. 

damage  supervening  from  a  collateral  cause,  120a. 

proximate  and  remote  results  of  statutory  injuries,  1206. 

Louisiana  law,  121. 

consequences  of  intermeddling  with  property,  121a. 
II. — What  Consequences  Abe  Proximate 

direct  consequence  always  proximate,  1216. 

aggravation  of  pre-existing  disease,  1216. 

classification  of  cases  involving  remoteness,  121c. 

interposition  of  a  natural  force,  121d. 

loss  by  exposure  to  the  weather,  122. 

injury  by  supervening  disease  of  accident,  123. 

interposition  of  the  act  of  an  animal,  124. 

infectious  disease,  125. 

defects  in  fences  and  gates,  125a. 

straying  cattle,  125a. 


3136  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONSEQUENTIAL  HAMAGW— Continued. 

intervention  of  human  agency,  126. 

interposition  of  plaintiff,  126a. 

damage  resulting  to  feelings  of  the  injured  party,  1266. 

loss  through  a  forced  sale  of  property,  126c. 

interposition  of  act  of  a  third  person,  126d. 

concurring  negligence  of  third  person,  126e. 

loss  of  credit,  127. 

loss  of  business,  127a. 

loss  caused  by  a  crowd  attracted,  128. 

loss  of  employment,  129. 

loss  of  a  dependent  contract,  130. 

judicial  or  other  official  action,  131. 

deprivation  of  means  to  an  end,  132. 

deprivation  of  property,  133. 

deprivation  of  business  premises,  134. 

deprivation  of  machinery,  134o. 

deprivation  of  means  of  protection  to  person  or  property,  135. 

detention  of  property,  136. 

loss  of  service,  137. 

recoverable  by  way  of  aggravation,  929. 
III. — Natural  Consequences 

meaning  of  the  term,  138. 

unnatural  or  unexpected  consequences  how  far  actionable,  139. 

damages  for  unexpected  consequences  of  a  legal  injury,  140. 

difference  between  tort  and  breach  of  contract,  141. 

general  conclusion  as  to  natural  consequences,  142. 

natural  consequences  in  actions  of  tort,  143. 

the  rule  in  Hadley  v.  Baxendale,  144. 

Griffin  V.  Colver,  145. 

meaning  of  the  rule  in  Hadley  v.  Baxendale,  146. 

Cory  p.  Thames  I.  W.  &  S.  B.  Co.,  147. 

general  results  of  Hadley  v.  Baxendale,  147a. 

natural  consequences  of  breach  of  contract,  148. 

unnatural  consequences  of  breach  of  contract,  149. 

action  against  carrier  of  passengers,  150. 

loss  caused  by  unexpected  natural  causes  supervening  on  the  defendant's 
act,  151. 

carrier's  delay  in  transportation  of,  or  loss  of  machinery  or  supplies,  152. 

breach  of  contract  to  supply  machinery  or  materials  for  trade  or  manu- 
facture, 153. 

breach  of  contract  to  supply  money,  153a. 

telegraph  and  messenger  companies,  154. 

agreement  to  repair,  155. 

loss  of  a  sub-contract,  156. 
IV. — Notice 

general  rule,  157.    See  Notice. 

notice  of  consequences  of  a  breach  of  contract,  158. 

notice  must  form  the  basis  of  a  contract,  159. 
but  need  not  be  part  of  the  contract,  160. 


INDEX  3137 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.]  ' 

CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES-^Continued. 
notice  of  a  sub-contract,  161. 
notice  of  a  contemplated  re-sale,  162. 
notice  of  a  sub-contract,  but  not  of  the  price,  163. 
notice  of  a  special  use  for  goods,  164. 
breach  of  warranty  of  fitness  for  purpose,  164a. 
notice  of  use  of  machinery,  165. 
notice  of  a  special  use  for  material,  166. 
notice  of  special  use  for  premises,  167. 
notice  of  special  use  for  funds,.  168. 
notice  of  special  use  for  information,  169. 
notice  of  special  need  for  promptness,  169a. 
V. — Instances  in  Actions  Sounding  in  Tort 
negligent  blast,  117. 
defect  in  highway  or  bridge  117. 
abduction  of  slaves,  117. 
pulling  down  fences,  117. 
expulsion  from  labor  union,  117. 
false  imprisonment,  117,  464. 
malicious  prosecution,  117. 
under  civil  damage  act,  117,  1255. 
injury  to  animals,  125. 
by  or  to  straying  animals,  125o. 
by  mob,  128. 

expulsion  from  sea-wall,  135. 
wrongful  arrest  of  servant,  137. 
injury  to  personal  property,  436. 
fraud,  441. 
defamation,  444. 
loss  of  service,  450. 
enticing  servant,  460. 
conversion,  506. 

loss  of  use  of  converted  property,  506. 
in  actions  of  replevin,  540. 
in  action  against  oflBcer,  565c. 
in  case  of  loss  in  admiralty,  589. 
negligence  of  clerk  of  court,  692^. 
trespass  to  lands,  927. 
injury  to  land,  927 
flooding  land,  942. 
nuisance,  946,  948,  949. 
VI. — Instances  in  Actions  Sounding  in  Contract 

general  rule  in  actions  of  contract,  144  et  seq.   See  Hadlet  v.  Baxendale. 

false  representations  in  sale  of  oil-well,  117. 

sale  of  defective  boiler,  117. 

failure  to  guard  convicts,  117. 

expulsion  from  railroad  train,  117,  865. 

injury  to  vehicle,  117. 

failure  to  honor  draft,  126c. 

breach  of  contract  to  forbear,  126c,  626. 

197 


3138  INDEX 

[ReferenceB  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES— Continued, 
breach  of  warranty  of  cable,  135. 
refusal  to  admit  to  dock,  135. 
breach  of  contracit  to  loan  money,  622. 
repudiation  of  contract,  636/. 
breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  638c. 
defective  construction  of  building,  644. 
delay  in  construction  of  building,  645. 
breach  of  contract  to  repair  building,  6466. 
breach  of  contract  of  service,  675. 
on  attachment  bond,  682. 

on  bond  for  injunction  against  taking  profit  from  land,  685fr. 
on  injunction  bond,  685ft. 
on  replevin  bond,  689a. 
loss  on  policy  of  marine  insurance,  718. 

of  fire  insurance,  724. 
non-delivery  of  goods,  742. 
non-acceptance  of  goods  sold,  757. 
breach  of  warranty  of  chattel,  765  et  seq. 
on  contract  of  indemnity,  806. 
payment  of  debt  by  surety,  806. 
sale  by  agent  without  authority,  838. 
failure  to  transport  goods,  843. 
loss  of  goods  by  carrier,  850. 
delay  in  delivery  by  carrier,  856. 
failure  to  transmit  telegram,  879,  881. 
failure  to  transmit  cipher  message,  890. 
wrongful  removal  of  telephone,  897o. 
breach  of  real  covenant,  980a. 

of  covenant  against  incumbrances,  980a. 
failure  to  give  possession  of  leased  premises,  984,  984a. 
eviction  from  leased  premises,  988o. 
fraud  in  procuring  tenant,  990c. 
breach  of  covenant  by  landlord  to  repair,  992. 

to  furnish  power,  995. 
abandonment  of  lease  by  tenant,  999/. 
breach  of  covenant  not  to  assign  leased  premises,  999fc. 
failure  to  convey  land,  1022. 
fraud  in  sale  of  land,  1027a. 
VII. — Peoceedings  in  Eminent  Domain 

misuse  of  term  under  eminent  domain  statutes,  1113. 
distinction  between  meanings  of  term,  1113  n. 
confounded  with  damnum  absque  injuria,  1113. 
exclusion  of,. 1122,  1170,  1182. 
in  opening  streets,  1120. 
in  grading  streets,  1120. 
in  Kentucky,  1123. 

Louisiana,  1123. 

Mississippi,  1123. 

New  York,  1131. 


INDEX  3139 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES— Continued. 

Pennsylvania,  1118  n.,  1120. 
CONSEQUENTIAL  INJURY,  d.  include,  1101. 
CONSIDERATION,  not  measure  of  d.  for  breach  of  contract,  30. 

amount  of,  not  recoverable,  606o,  609,  610. 

not  to  be  inquired  into,  6066. 

when  inadequate,  0066. 

amount  of  recovery,  whether  affected  by  inadequacy  of,  6066. 

failure  of,  652. 

of  bill  or  note,  when  inadequate,  695. 

recoverable  in  Massachusetts  in  action  on  note,  695. 

of  endorsement  of  bill  or  note,  failure  of,  704. 

limit  of  recovery  on  rescission  of  contract  of  sale,  733a. 

how  proved  in  action  on  real  covenant,  964. 
for  breach  of  warranty,  964. 

doctrine  of  recoupment  whether  founded  on  failure  of,  1040. 

failed,  may  be  recovered  in  action  on  note,  1050. 
CONSIGNEE,  recovery  by,  76. 

on  policy  of  insurance,  725. 

d.  against,  for  delay  in  unlading  vessel,  857. 
CONSIGNOR,  recovery  by,  76. 
CONSORTIUM,  loss  of,  48. 

d.  for  loss  of,  439j. 
CONSPIRACY  to  injure  established  business,  182  n. 

in  restraint  of  trade,  d.  for,  3706. 
CONSTABLE,  intereston  money  collected  by,  303. 

bond  of,  692i. 
CONSTITUTION,  provisions  of,  for  taking  by  eminent  domain  in  Alabama, 
1122. 

Arkansas,  1123. 

California,  1122,  1123. 

Colorado,  1123. 

Georgia,  1122,  1123. 

lUmois,  1121,  1122. 

Iowa,  1148. 

Kansas,  1148. 

Kentucky,  1123. 

Louisiana,  1123. 

Maryland,  1148. 

Mississippi,  1123. 

Missouri,  1122,  1123. 

Montana,  1123. 

Nebraska,  1122,  1123. 

New  York,  1113. 

Ohio,  1148. 

Pennsylvania,  1120. 

Rhode  Island,  1145. 

South  Carolina,  1148. 

Texas,  1122,  1123. 

Virgmia,  1123. 


3140  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONSTITUTIONAL   PROVISIONS    on    eminent    domain,    construction    of, 
1106. 

compensation  in  absence  of,  1107. 
CONSTITUTIONALITY  of  legal  tender  notes,  269. 

CONSTITUTIONS,    change   of   common-law    rule    on    eminent    domain    by, 
1122. 

provisions  of,  as  to  benefits,  1131. 

older,  provisions  of,  1106. 
d.  under,  1113. 

new,  d.  under,  1118. 
CONSTRUCT,  profits  of  contract  to,  614  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  633d.    See  Construction,  Contract  of. 
CONSTRUCTING  culvert  under  road,  d.  for,  1109  n. 
CONSTRUCTION,  d.  for  increase  in  cost  of,  by  injunction,  685/. 

vibration  during,  1098. 

negligence  in,  1100. 

new  damage  from  change  in,  1152. 

necessary  additions  to,  1152. 

change  in  plan  of,  1152. 

seepage  after,  1164. 

evidence  of  value  of,  1302. 

of  canal,  1164. 

taking  of  materials  for,  1107. 

of  causeway,  1123  n. 

of  ditch,  1164. 

of  elevated  railroad,  1121  n. 

of  highway,  1108  n. 

of  raihoad,  1110  n.,  1117  n.,  1121,  1165a. 

of  reservoir,  1164. 

of  sewer,  1110  n.,  1119. 

of  street  railway,  1123  n. 

of  subway,  1151  n. 
CONSTRUCTION,  CONTRACT  OF,  607,  614,  616,  617,  630,  631,  633d,  633i, 
ch.  xxviii. 

avoidable  consequences  of  breach  of,  204. 

damages  recoverable  by  builder,  642. 

damages  for  failure  to  build,  643. 

defective  construction,  644. 

delay  in  construction,  645. 

on  contract  to  supply  machinery  or  power  for  buildings,  646. 

on  contract  to  furnish  materials  for  building,  646(i. 

on  contract  to  repair,  6466. 

building  and  repairing  roads,  647. 

building  or  repairing  a  bridge,  647a. 

constructing  a  railroad,  6476. 

other  contracts  of  construction,  647c. 

actions  by  or  against  architects,  648. 

breach  of  contract  by  subcontractor,  748o. 

extra  work  on,  655. 

prevention  of  performance  of,  by  Act  of  God,  655c. 


INDEX  3141 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONSTRUCTION,  CONTRACT  OF— Cmtinued. 

impossibility  of  performance  of,  655c. 

acceptance  of  imperfect  performance  of,  656. 

substantial  performance  of,  656. 

recovery  of  compensation  for  partial  performance  of,  658-^62. 

recoupment  on,  1067. 
CONSTRUCTION  OF  LANGUAGE  of  English  Land  Clauses  Consolidation  Act, 
1118. 

of  constitutional  provisions  on  eminent  domain,  1106. 
CONSTRUCTIVE  EVICTION,  956. 
CONSTRUCTIVE  POSSESSION,  931  n. 
CONSTRUCTIVE  TOTAL  LOSS,  709,  711. 
CONTAGION,  exposure  of  property  to,  as  affecting  value,  265. 
CONTAGIOUS  DISEASE,  communication  of,  by  animals,  125. 
CONTEMPLATED  consequences,  of  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  879. 
CONTEMPLATION  of  loss  by  failure  to  transmit  cipher  message,  890. 
CONTEMPLATION  OF  PARTIES,  general  rule  on  subject  of.    See  Hadley  v. 
Baxendale. 

defendant  Uable  for  direct  injury  not  within,  1216. 

as  to  contracts,  144  et  seq. 

does  not  limit  field  of  recovery,  429  n. 
d.  within,  146  n. 

what  d.  are  within,  in  case  of  telegram,  879,  892  n. 

as  to  resale  of  land,  1005.    See  Natural  Consequences. 
CONTEMPT,  no  recovery  of  counsel  fees  in  defence  of  attachment  for,  in  action 

on  bond,  685i. 
CONTINGENCY,  compensation  for  services  dependent  upon,  670. 

on  which  profit  depends,  200. 
CONTINGENT  consequences,  172.    See  Certainty. 
CONTINUANCE  of  performance  of  contract  after  repudiation,  636c. 

of  nuisance,  after  title  passed,  liability  for,  959. 
CONTINUING  agreements,  what  are,  89,  636ff,  642. 

prospective  d.  for,  87. 

tort,  91,  924. 

trespass  to  lands,  92,  924.    See  Entire  Damages. 
CONTRACT, 

I. — General  Principles 

object  of  suit  on,  to  obtain  judgment  awarding  money,  4. 

mental  suffering  from  breach  of,  not  recoverable,  45. 

recovery  of  profits  of,  192. 

in  restraint  of  trade,  1936. 

general  application  of  rule  of,  205. 

no  redress  for  expenses  of  action  upon,  beyond  taxable  costs,  232. 

recovery  of  reasonable  expenses  of  former  suit  upon  breach  of,  240. 

interest  on  value  of  property  injured  by  breach  of,  312. 

interest  for  interfering  with  performance  of,  312  n. 

payable  in  installments,  412. 

d.  for  maliciously  procuring  breach  of,  470o. 

breach  of  collateral,  749o. 


3142  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

mNTRACyr— Continued. 

taking  water  works  by  city  under,  1173. 

special  damage  for  breach  of,  must  be  alleged,  1266. 

entire  and  separate,  85,  85o,  636(7. 

continuing,  89,  636ff. 

prospective  d.  for  breach  of,  87,  89. 

successive  performances  of,  84a. 

new  action  for  new  breach  of,  88. 
divisible,  partial  breach  of,  85. 
single,  85. 

where  breach  destroys,  90. 
natural  consequence  of  breach  of,  148. 
notice  of  consequences  of  breach,  158. 

must  form  basis  of  contract,  159. 

need  not  be  part  of  contract,  160. 

of  proposed  sub-contract,  157, 
rule  of  avoidable  consequences,  application  of,  does  not  apply  to  primary 
obligation,  218. 

party  not  called  on  to  violate,  in  avoiding  consequences,  225. 
duty  to  seek  employment  does  not  arise  on  every,  208. 
replacement  after  breach  of,  not  a  duty,  2286. 
offer  of  performance  after  breach  of,  53. 
suit  against  carrier  may  be  framed  to  sound  in,  840. 
action  may  be  brought  for  breach  of,  in  protecting  passenger,  859. 
action  on,  by  sender  of  telegram,  877, 
patent  a  species  of,  1213. 
performance  of,  prevented  by  defendant,  636d. 
deviation  from,  655. 

effect  of  cancellation  in  accordance  with  terms,  655(i. 
performance  of,  prevented  by  act  of  God,  655c. 

by  law,  655c. 

by  death,  655c. 
acceptance  of  work  not  according  to,  656,  659. 
substantial  performance  of,  657. 
recovery  on,  where  plaintiff  is  in  default,  658  et  seq. 
terminated  by  mutual  consent,  664  n. 
recoupment  in  actions  upon,  1070. 

for  hire  of  chattels,  1063. 

for  lack  ai  skill  in,  1036,  1067. 
II. — Actions  of 

various  forms  of,  600. 

actions  upon,  600. 

distinction  between  tort  and  contract,  601. 

distinction  not  destroyed  by  new  system  of  pleading,  602. 

breach  of  through  duress,  fraud,  or  oppression,  602. 

motive  not  considered:  exemplary  damages,  603. 

common-law  principles  in  oases  of  contract,  604. 

actual  loss  necessary  for  recovery  on,  604. 

furnishes  measure  of  d.  for  its  breach,  604 

vague  discretion  of  jury  formerly,  605. 


INDEX  3143 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  w.  means  note.] 

CONTRACT— Continued. 

compensation  now  a  question  of  law,  606. 
amomit  of  the  consideration  not  recoverable,  606a. 
consideration  of,  not  to  be  inquired  into,  6066. 
inadequacy  of  consideration,  6066, 
imconscionable  agreements,  606c. 
benefit  of,  what  is,  609. 
III. — Waiver  op  Performance  and  Repudiation 

express  waiver  by  acceptance  of  partial  performance,  636. 
repudiation  of,  636a. 

performable  in  installments,  6366. 
continuance  of  performance  after  repudiation,  636c. 
anticipatory  breach:  damages  upon  breach  before  time  for  performance, 

636d. 
damages  affected  by  fluctuations  in  the  market,  636e. 
avoidance  of  loss  by  making  forward  contracts,  636/. 
IV. — Prospective  Damages 

entire  and  divisible  contracts,  636g. 
contract  to  repair,  636A. 

to  support,  636i. 
fluctuations  in   value   during   contract:   Masterton   v.  The   Mayor, 

636i. 
Goodrich  v.  Hubbard,  636fc. 
probable  future  expense  of  performing,  636i. 
general  conclusions,  636m. 
mutual  covenants,  636n. 
V. — Measure  op  Damages  in  Actions  upon 
measure  of  d.  in  general,  30,  30  n.,  144. 
under  codes,  28a. 
consideration  does  not  furnish,  30. 
nominal  d.  without  actual  loss  for  breach  of,  98,  105,  106,  lfl7a,  610. 
exemplary  d.  not  recoverable,  370,  603. 
preparations  to  perform,  607. 
expense  of  removal,  607a. 

stock  of  goods  purchased  on  faith  of  lease  or  conveyance,  6076. 
reduction  of  damages — Rule  of  avoidable  consequences,  608. 
general  principles  of  recovery,  609. 
executed  contracts,  611. 

entire  contract  price  recoverable  in  some  cases,  612. 
readiness  to  perform  or  tender  of  performance,  612a. 
settlement   of   amount   due    on   contract   prevented   by  defendant, 
,    6126. 

recovery  of  the  profits  of,  613. 
contracts  in  which  a  contract  price  ia  fixed:  plaintiff  to  perform  an  act, 

614. 
cost  of  partial  performance,  615. 
cost  of  partial  performance  where  no  profits  proved:  doctrine  of  United 

States  V.  Behan,  616. 
contracts  in  which  a  contract  price  is  fixed:  plaintiff  to  deliver  property, 

617. 


3144  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONTRACT— Continued. 

contracts  in  which  a  contract  price  is  fixed :  defendant  to  perform  an  act 
or  deliver  property,  618. 

cost  of  substituted  performance  useless  to  plaintiff,  619. 

performance  deficient  in  quantity  or  quality,  620. 

contracts  in  which  no  contract  price  is  fixed,  621. 
VI. — Rules  or  Damages  in  Particulak  Cases 

agreements  to  loan  money,  622. 

for  settlement  or  security  of  a  debt,  622a. 

to  pay  money,  6226. 

to  make  a  contract,  622c. 

to  insure,  or  to  assign  a  policy  of  insurance,  623. 

to  work  a  farm  on  shares,  624. 

to  share  the  profits  of  a  business,  625. 

for  forbearance,  626. 

actions  against  stockholders,  627. 

to  buy,  sell  or  transfer  stock,  627o. 

by  assignees  of  bankrupts,  628. 

agreements  for  arbitration  and  award,  629. 

to  construct  stations,  etc.,  630. 

to  build  fences,  walls,  etc.,  631. 

negative  agreements,  631a. 

not  to  engage  in  business,  632. 

for  exclusive  agency,  633. 

to  support,  633o. 

of  baihnent,  6336. 

to  collect  a  claim,  633c. 

to  expend  labor  on  property,  633d. 

to  furnish  water  for  irrigation,  633e. 

to  take  or  furnish  advertising,  633/. 

assignments  of  judgment,  634. 

alternative  contracts,  281,  421  et  seq.,  635. 

forward,  see  forward  contracts  of  construction.    See  Contract  of  Con- 
struction. 

to  convey  land.    See  Land. 

of  indemnity.    See  Indemnity. 

implied.    See  Implied  Contract. 

of  insurance.    See  Insurance. 

of  service,  208,  607,  1064  et  seq.    See  Service,  Contract  op. 

to  marry.    See  Breach  op  Promise  op  Marriage. 

for  sale  of  goods.    See  Sale. 
VII. — ^RuLE  OP  Damages  por  Breach  op  Particular  Contracts. 
a.  To  supply,  provide  or  furnish: 

materials  and  labor,  30. 

stateroom,  4Sa. 

money,  153a,  607  n. 

iron  work  for  building,  166. 

freight,  211,  858. 

cargo,  608,  612. 

goods,  2126. 


INDEX  3145 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONTRACT— Coreimwed. 
fuel,  607  n. 
power,  608,  646,  995. 
heat,  995. 
pasture,  608. 
advertisements,  608. 
board  and  lodging,  614  n. 
ice,  614  n. 
stone,  617. 
crop,  617. 

advertising  space,  618  n. 
machine,  618  n. 
monument,  618  n. 
water,  618  n.,  620  n. 

for  irrigation,  633(2. 

for  making  ice,  999. 
stock  in  corporation,  619. 
mill,  620  n. 
boiler,  620  n. 
security,  622a. 
machinery,  646. 
materials  for  building,  646a. 

for  fencing,  999. 
cars,  999. 
6.  To  construct  or  build: 
in  general,  633d. 

building,  607,  614,  616,  617,  618  n.,  620  n.,  625,  633d,  645,  657. 
house,  615  n.,  618  n.,  621. 
station,  194,  620  n.,  630. 
raiboad,  607,  614  n.,  615  n.,  620  n.,  6476. 

to  mill,  607  n. 

to  certain  place,  630. 
street,  416. 

sidewalk,  615  n.,  620  n. 
road,  614  n.,  618  n. 
bridge,  614  n.,  615  n.,  647a. 
vessel,  614  n. 
tunnel  or  conduit,  614  n. 
mommient,  614  n. 
vat,  614  n. 

waterworks,  608,  615  n.,  618  n. 
dam,  620  n. 
fences,  walls,  etc.,  631. 
wall,  647c,  n. 
pier,  647c,  n. 
cement  walk,  647c,  n. 
canal,  655. 
c.  To  repair: 
in  general,  155,  209,  210,  240,  614  n.,  633d,  636A., 
street,  620  n. 


314C  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONTRACT— Cowimued. 
house,  633d. 
gate  or  switch,  636fe. 
bridge,  6361. 
building,  6466. 
drain,  647c,  n. 

d.  To  do  work  on  or  about  land: 
in  general,  614  n, 

secure  right  of  way,  240,  1017. 
drill  well,  200. 

for  oil  or  gas,  614  n,  618  n. 
dig  well,  618  n.,  647c,  n. 
bore  oil-well  or  pay  money,  424. 
sink  oil-well,  607,  619. 
drive  well,  616  n. 
mine,  607  n.,  614  n. 
harvest  grain,  607  n. 
move  hotel,  608. 

buildings,  615  n. 
clear  a  field,  608. 

land,  614  n.,  618  n. 
drive  piles,  608. 
quarry,  612. 
grade  lawn,  614  n. 

land,  618  n.,  619. 

street,  618  n. 
plant  trees,  614  n. 
cultivate  trees,  620  n. 
plant  vines,  620  n. 
remove  rock  or  clay,  614  n. 
pave,  614  n. 
excavate,  618  n. 
pasture  cattle,  620  n. 
irrigate,  620  n. 
work  farm  on  shares,  624. 
keep  free  from  brush  and  burrs,  999fc. 
leave  wheat  growing,  999i:. 
not  to  pasture  cattle  on  wet  land,  999fc. 
not  to  commit  waste,  395. 

e.  To  do  work: 

in  general,  2126,  614  n.,  618. 

paint  automobile,  226^. 

install  elevator,  607  n. 

test  patent,  607  n. 

saw  timber,  607  n.,  608,  614  n.,  620  n. 

cut  and  haul  timber,  607  n.,  614  n.,  615  n.,  620  n.,  636fc. 

carry  on  litigation,  607  n. 

transport  horses,  612a. 

on  buildings,  614  n. 

press  clothing,  614  n. 


INDEX  3147 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONTRACT— CoTCimwed. 

engrave  bond,  614  n. 
do  iron  work,  614  n. 
haul  goods,  614  n. 
print,  614  «. 

poster,  618  n, 
expend  labor  on  property,  615. 
publish  book,  618  n. 
teach,  618  n. 
carry  coal,  618  n. 
roof  building,  620  n. 
plaster  building,  620  n. 
dye  cloth,  620  n. 

ribbons,  620  n. 

skins,  6336,  n. 
make  ice,  620  n. 
store  fruit,  620  w. 
maintain  crossings,  620  n. 
clean  cloth,  6336,  n. 
collect  debt,  633c. 

transport,  6Q2,  633d,  1068.    See  Carhier. 
/.  To  manufacture: 

in  general,  608,  615,  633d. 
barb  wire,  608. 
steel  rails,  608. 
machine,  615  n. 
g.  To  lease,  convey  or  sell: 
lease  house,  42. 

well,  607  n. 

land,  6076,  618  n. 

farm,  608. 
sell  land,  301&. 

liability  of  unauthorized  agent  on,  835. 

property,  618. 
convey  land,  6076,  1008,  1011. 

house,  621. 
exchange  property,  621. 

land  for  services,  1020. 
deliver  crop,  636m. 

chattels  in  future,  758.    See  Land,  Contract  fob  Sale  op.  Sale  op 
Goods. 
h.  To  pay: 
in  gold,  270. 
in  foreign  cuirency,  273. 
in  commodities,  279,  280. 
in  bank-notes,  281. 
in  stock,  611. 

money  interest  for  failure  to,  288. 
interest,  288. 
draft  or  return  it,  422. 


3148  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONTRACT— Coniinued. 

debt,  6226,  786,  788,  789,  790. 

in  instalments,  6863. 
calls  on  stock,  627. 
rent  due  from  another,  789. 
taxes  and  assessments,  789,  999fc. 
firm  debts,  789. 
mortgage,  789,  806. 
i.  To  employ  and  pay  agents  and  servants: 
for  compensation  of  agent,  193a. 
to  serve  as  overseer,  205. 
to  give  exclusive  territory,  607,  632,  633. 

agency,  633. 
to  employ  servant,  607,  607o. 

teacher,  607  n. 

agent,  607  n. 
architect,  612  n. 
j.  To  support: 

in  general,  89,  90,  393  n.,  397,  415,  633a,  636t. 
to  care  for  during  life,  616. 
k.  Business  agreements: 

not  to  engage  in  business,  89,  182,  400,  408,  418,  632. 
for  a  share  in  business,  192,  193. 
for  profits  of  business,  193. 
to  enter  into  partnership,  193,  607  n.,  615  n. 
to  establish  business,  194,  620  n. 
to  enter  a  "pool,"  200. 

not  to  use  union  label  or  employ  union  men,  415,  416. 
not  to  run  coach,  418. 
manage  hotel  on  shares,  625  n. 
not  to  sell  goods  in  competition,  632. 
not  to  practice  profession,  632. 
not  to  manufacture,  632. 
to  keep  up  price  of  goods,  749a. 
I.  To  insure: 
in  general,  623. 
property  of  plaintiff,  205. 
to  assign  or  keep  valid  policy,  623. 
to  issue  poUcy,  727. 

paid-up  life  poUcy,  730. 
m.  To  indemnify: 
from  debt,  788. 
from  liability,  788. 
of  indemnity  between  lessee  and  sub-lessee,  1000. 

in  case  of  failure  of  title  to  land,  1008. 
n.  Miscellaneous  agreements: 
to  withdraw  suit,  126c. 
to  establish  railroad  station,  194. 
to  submit  to  arbitration,  240. 
to  refrain  from  intoxicating  liquors,  415. 


INDEX  3149 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONTRACT— Continued. 

to  return  draft,  422. 

to  replace  stock,  508. 

to  hold  for  rise  in  market,  524. 

not  to  do  any  act  to  avoid  insurance  policy,  603  n. 

to  give  legacy,  606o. 

to  maintain  factory,  606a. 

to  submit  to  arbitration,  607,  625,  629. 

to  employ  for  construction  of  railroad,  607. 

to  remove,  607o. 

to  occupy  room,  612. 

to  advertise,  612,  618  n. 

to  become  surety,  618  n. 

to  loan  money,  622. 

to  make  contract,  622c. 

to  give  note,  622c. 

to  forbear,  626. 

to  subscribe  for  stock,  627. 

not  to  discharge  judgment  assigned,  634. 

to  take  manufactured  goods,  752. 

to  bid  off  property,  789.  . 

to  fix  rate  of  freight,  858. 

to  send  telegram,  874. 

with  Umited  liability,  876.    See  Tbleghaph. 

not  to  sell  straw  from  leased  farm,  999fc. 

of  marriage.    See  Breach  op  Promise  or  Marriage. 
CONTRACT  PRICE,  standard  of  value  of  the  contract,  614. 
CONTRACT  RIGHT,  to  advertise  in  theatre,  1097. 

to  furnish  cloak-rooms  in  theatre,  1097. 

to  sink  shafts  in  land  for  minerals,  1097. 

to  supply  refreshments,  1097. 
CONTRACTOR,  delay  in  completing  building  by,  need  not  be  anticipated, 
224. 

d.  on  bond  given  by,  679?>. 
CONTRIBUTION,  between  co-trustees,  36o,  n. 
co-suretjns,  interest  on,  304. 
sureties  on  bond,  681a. 
sureties  on  cumulative  bonds,  692c. 
interests,  on  marine  policy,  717. 

to  general  average,  717. 

between  insurance  companies,  725. 

action  by  co-surety  ,for,  807. 

right  to,  between  co-sureties,  807 

amount  of,  807a. 

amount  of,  reduced  by  indemnity  or  security,  808a. 
CONTRIBUTORY  NEGLIGENCE  distinguished  from  avoidable  consequences, 
203. 

in  action  for  death,  585. 

whether  a  defence  in  action  for  death,  585. 

in  collisions,  587. 


3150  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONTRIBUTORY  NEGLIGENCE— Continued. 

in  torts  in  admiralty,  599. 
CONVENIENCE,  personal,  infringement  of,  1123. 
CONVERSION,  oh.  xxi. 

liability  of  parties  in  joint  action  for,  36a. 

d.  for,  not  reduced  by  offer  to  return,  53. 

when  offer  of  reparation  may  reduce  d.  in,  53. 

bringing  property  into  court,  54. 

d.  for,  reduced  by  acceptance  of  property  from  defendant,  55,  565. 

d.  reduced  by  acceptance  from  a  third  party,  57. 

d.  reduced  by  recovery  of  property,  58. 

duty  to  replace  property  converted,  214. 

of  goods,  avoidable  consequence  of,  214. 

no  requirement  to  take  back  property  after,  218. 

expense  of  attempt  to  follow  property,  226o,  n. 

expense  of  following  property  recoverable,  226c. 

expense  of  following  property  after,  226c. 

of  property,  recovery  of  money  paid  to  get  back,  226c. 

of  money,  interest  as  d.  for,  303. 

recovery  of  interest,  317. 

of  property,  interest  in  action  for,  317. 

exemplary  d.  for,  374. 

forms  of  action  for,  492. 

d.  for,  492-506. 

the  modem  action  for,  492a. 

by  demand  and  refusal,  492&. 

general  rule  in  case  of,  493. 

measure  of  d.  for,  493. 

elasticity  of  rule  of  d.,  493a. 

reduction  of  d.  for,  493a,  494. 

of  certificate  of  stock,  494. 

by  temporary  wrongful  use,  494. 

by  sale  on  void  execution,  494. 

return  of  property  and  acceptance,  494a. 

by  order  of  court,  494b. 
property  bought  back  by  owner,  494c. 
value,  how  determined,  495. 
value,  where  to  be  estimated,  496. 
value,  when  to  be  estimated,  497. 
result  of  following  the  property,  497a. 
recovery  by  owner  of  a  limited  interest,  4976. 

of  pledged  property;  action  by  pledgoi?,  497c. 
action  by  pledgee,  497d. 

of  mortgaged  property;  action  by  mortgagor,  497e. 
action  by  mortgagee,  497/. 
of  property  sold  conditionally,  497ff. 

natural  increase,  498. 
property  increased  in  value  by  the  defendant,  499. 
severance,  from  the  freehold,  500. 

the  rule  in  England,  501, 


INDEX  3151 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CONVERSION— Coreimued. 

technical  rule  followed  in  some  jurisdictions,  602. 
defendant  generally  allowed  value  of  his  labor,  603. 
damages  recoverable  from  purchaser,  504. 

of  logs,  499. 

of  coal  by  wrongfully  mining,  501-503. 

of  growing  crops,  502. 

of  trees  by  wrongfully  cutting,  502,  504. 
,     by  confusion,  505. 

consequential  d.  for,  506. 

loss  of  use  of  property,  506. 

loss  of  sub-contract,  506. 

of  property  of  fluctuating  value,  507,  509,  514,  517,  519. 

of  pledged  stock,  509,  521. 

of  stream  into  sewer,  1149  n. 

of  action  of  trespass  into  condemnation  proceeding,   in  Minnesota, 
1151. 

verdict  for,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 
CONVERTED  property,  bringing  into  court  of,  54. 

no  obligation  to  receive,  63. 
CONVEY,  offer  of  tender  of  deed  after  breach  of  contract  to,  53. 

breach  of  contract  to,  89. 

d.  on  covenant  of  right  to,  966. 
CONVEYANCE,  whether  necessary  to  procure  on  failure  to  carry,  212. 

reasonableness  of  procuring  by  passenger  wrongfully  ejected,  226??i. 

fraud  in  procuring,  439d. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  make,  6076. 

recovery  by  passenger  of  expense  of,  864. 

whether  passenger  should  obtain  on  wrongful  expulsion  from  train, 
872 

effect  of,  on  recovery  of  damages  for  taking  by  Eminent  Domain, 
1154c. 

from  mortgagor  in  possession,  entry  under,  1175. 
CONVEYANCE  OF  LAND,  agreement  for,  d.  recoverable  to  date  of  writ,  89. 

liquidated  d.,  400,  403,  410,  417. 

covenants  in.    See  Real  Covenants. 
CONVEYANCER,  action  against,  for  negligence  in  examining  title,  831. 
CONVICTION,  recovery  for  risk  of,  in  malicious  prosecution,  458. 
CONVICTS,  leased  to  defendant,  agreement  to  keep  guard,  149. 
CO-OWNERS,  recovery  between,  936. 
COPYRIGHT,  d.  for  violation  of,  12466. 
CORN,  early  substitute  for  money  in  Massachusetts,  266. 

d.  for  non-delivery  of,  735. 

d.  for  failure  to  transport,  843. 
CORN  CROP,  nearly  mature,  191n. 
CORNER,  effect  of,  on  market  value,  249. 
CORPORATE  bond,  value  of,  257. 
CORPORATION,  incapable  of  mental  suffering,  43k. 

value  of  stock  in,  257, 


3152  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CORPORATION— CoTriiraued. 

exemplary  d.  against,  379,  380. 

liability  of,  to  exemplary  d.,  379,  380. 

action  against  stockholders  for  subscription  to  stock  in,  627. 

injmiction  against  removing  property  of,  685r. 

bond  of  officer  of,  694. 

liability  of  directors  of,  830. 
CORPSK,  delay  in  transportation  of,  45. 

recovery  for  mental  suffering  caused  by  lack  of  agreed  care  of,  45. 

consequences  of  delay  in  delivering,  856a. 
CORRUPTION,  exemplary  d.  for,  367. 

verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 

ground  for  setting  aside  verdict  for  exemplary  d.,  388. 
COST  of  transportation,  whether  included  in  value  of  goods,  246,  247,  739. 

of  production  does  not  measure  value,  495. 

of  part  performance,  recovery  of,  615. 

of  substitutes  useless  performance,  619. 

of  remedying  breach  of  contract,  when  recoverable,  620. 

of  doing  work,  increase  by  injunction,  685d. 

of  construction,  d.  for  increase  of,  by  injunction,  685/. 

of  building,  evidence  of,  admissible,  722. 

of  manufacture,  recoverable  for  breach  of  contract  to  receive  goods, 
752. 

of  goods,  immaterial  in  action  for  injury,  852. 

of  removing  personal  property,  1123. 

of  operating  gates,  1152o. 

of  substituting  steam  for  water  power,  1164. 

of  keeping  cattle  out,  1164. 

of  fencing,  1164. 

of  adapting  property  to  changed  conditions,  1164. 

of  insurance,  increased,  1166. 

of  building  fence  in  Iowa,  1167  n.. 

of  reproduction,  1168. 

of  replacement,  1171(i. 

of  improvement,  evidence  of,  1171e. 

of  bridge,  effect  of  confirmation  of  land  on,  1171j. 

of  replacement,  11720. 

of  reinstatement,  1172a. 

as  evidence  of  value,  1296. 
COSTS,  nominal  damages  mere  peg  for,  96. 

nominal  d.  do  not  generally  carry,  108. 
unless  title  to  land  involved,  108. 

importance  of  nominal  d.  arises  from  affecting,  108. 

of  another  action  to  retain  property,  226c. 

recovery  of  collateral,  226c. 

awarded  to  successful  party,  229. 

only  recoverable  so  far  as  taxable,  229. 

fixed  as  limit  of  recovery  on  account  of  expenses,  230. 

of  prior  suit,  236  et  seq.    See  Expenses  op  Litiqation. 

interest  on,  334,  334a. 


INDEX  3153 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

COSTS— CoTdinued. 

of  former  action,  recoverable  in  action  for  false  imprisonment,  463. 

in  replevin,  642. 

in  admiralty,  597. 

on  stipulation,  598. 

may  be  recovered  in  addition  to  damages  on  bond,  677. 

recoverable  on  bond  to  indemnify  sheriff,  684a. 

included  in  judgment,  recoverable  on  injunction  bond,  685(?. 

on  poor  debtor's  bond,  686. 

on  appeal,  recoverable  on  bond,  688. 

in  replevin  suit,  recoverable  on  bond,  689a. 

of  protest  and  re-exchange,  701. 

of  prior  suit  on  bill  or  note,  705. 

of  prior  suit,  recovery  of,  against  endorser,  705. 

on  breach  of  warranty  of  chattels,  773. 

indemnity  against,  795. 

liability  of  principal  for,  803. 
of  surety  for,  803,  805. 
of  co-surety  for,  808. 

of  Utigation,  recoverable  against  co-surety,  808. 

recovery  of,  by  principal  against  agent,  818,  819. 
■  by  agent  against  sub-agent,  833. 

of  ejectment  suit  recoverable  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  920. 

liability  for,  as  between  lessee  and  sub-lessee,  1000. 

discretion  of  court  as  to,  in  case  of  payment  after  suit,  1074. 

of  fencing,  1163. 

and  expenses  of  landowner,  II660. 

tor  defending  against  proceeding,  II660. 

whether  allowed  by  jury,  1282. 

by  what  law  allowed,  1383. 
CO-SURETY,  action  by,  for  contribution,  807. 
CO-SURETIES,  interest  on  amount  contributed  by,  304. 

contribution  between,  807. 

recovery  of  expenses  of  litigation  by,  808. 
CO-TENANT,  interest  on  money  recovered  by,  304. 

Uability  of,  to  mesne  profits,  906,  913. 
CO-TRUSTEES,  contribution  between,  36a,  n. 
COTTON,  to  enable  plaintiff  to  work  his  mill,  166. 

value  of  immature  crop,  191rs. 

offer  to  buy,  208a. 

contract  for  payment  in,  279&. 

d.  for  sale  of,  below  authorized  price,  822. 

d.  against  carrier  for  misdelivery  of,  853. 

loss  of  sale  of,  through  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  883. 

d.  for  error  in  transmitting  telegram  for  purchase  of,  884. 
COTTON  SEED,  for  feeding  cattle,  152n. 

damages  for  refusal  to  receive,  f52. 
COTTON  WORM,  warranty  to  kill,  191. 
COUNSEL,  mistake  of,  84. 

advice  of,  shown  in  mitigation  of  exemplary  d.,  3836. 

198 


3154  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

COUNSEL— Continued 

of  d.  for  malicious  prosecution,  460. 
of  d,  for  false  imprisonment,  466. 

of  husband,  recovery  by  wife  for  loss  of,  578. 
COUNSEL  FEES.    See  Expenses  op  Litigation. 

not  usually  recoverable,  229. 

avoidable  by  statute,  229. 

in  Massachusetts,  229. 

supposed  to  be  included  in  costs,  230. 

not  usually  allowed  even  as  exemplary  d.,  233. 

sometimes  allowed  for  malicious  tort,  234. 

not  allowed  now  in  patent  cases,  235. 

recovery  of,  in  admiralty,  235. 

not  in  admiralty,  235. 

recovery  of,  in  patent  suits,  235. 

where  recoverable  if  not  actually  paid,  236. 

liability  for,  is  enough  without  actual  payment,  236,  463. 
effect  of  notice  of  prior  suit,  236. 

should  be  allowed  where  plaintiff  has  defended  a  suit  for  defendant's 
benefit,  236. 
and  so  held  where  such  prior  suit  was  advisable,  236. 

not  for  general  expense  of  litigation  of  principal  suit,  237. 

paid  for  dissolution  of  injunction  or  discharging  attachment,  237. 

See  Expenses  of  Litigation,  237. 

in  actions  on  injunction  and  attachment  bonds,  237. 

in  action  for  breach  of  covenants  of  seizin  and  warranty,  238. 

and  expenses  reasonable,  239. 

of  malicious  prosecution  or  false  imprisonment,  241,  463. 

in  case  of  false  representation  of  warranty,  241. 

allowed  in  a  case  of  refusal  to  place  a  judgment  on  a  tax  list,  241. 

whether  recoverable  in  actions  for  defamation,  444. 

recovery  for,  in  action  for  malicious  prosecution,  459. 

on  sequestration  bond,  541. 

in  replevin,  542  n. 

on  contract  to  submit  to  arbitration,  629. 

on  statutory  bond,  680. 

how  far  recoverable  on  attachment  bond,  682a. 

on  forthcoming  bond,  684. 

incurred  on  account  of  injunction,  685j  et  seq. 

on  contempt  proceedings,  not  recoverable,  685i. 

for  resisting  motion  for  temporary  injunction,  685fc. 

for  resisting  motion  for  entire  litigation,  685fc. 

recoverable  on  bond,  must  be  reasonable,  685m. 

to  secure  discharge  from  arrest,  recoverable  on  bond,  686a. 

on  appeal,  recoverable  on  appeal  bond,  688. 

in  action  on  replevin  bond,  689. 

in  replevin  suit,  recoverable  on  bond,  689o. 

recovery  of,  on  detinue  bond,  691c. 

on  bond  to  contest  claim  of  exemptions,  691d. 

whether  recoverable  on  sequestration  bond,  691d, 


INDEX  3156 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.J 

COUNSEL  FEES— Coniinwed. 

when  recoverable  on  bond  to  sell  real  estate,  692j. 

on  note,  695c. 

recovery  of,  against  endorser,  705. 

recovery  of,  on  contract  of  indemnity,  803. 

for  breach  of  agreement  to  satisfy  mortgage,  806. 

on  indemnity  bond,  806. 

recoverable  against  co-surety,  807c. 

liability  of  principal  to  agent  for,  834. 

not  recoverable  in  action  for  injury  to  passenger,  860. 

in  ejectment  suit,   whether  recoverable  in  action  for  mesne  profits, 
920. 

recoverable  in  action  on  real  covenant,  983. 

whether  recoverable  in  action  for  fraud  in  sale  of  land,  1027f7, 

not  allowed  in  patent  suits,  1246. 
COUNTERCLAIM,  interest  on  balance,  3146. 

reduction  of  d.  by,  1030. 

may  be  for  unliquidated  damages,  1031. 

statutory  right  of,  1039. 
COUNTERMAND,  of  agreement  to  purchase,  758. 

of  manufacture  of  goods,  758. 

of  purchase  or  sale  of  goods,  758. 
COUNTRY  church  taken,  11716. 
COUNTS,  effect  on  d.  of  bad,  1276,  1278. 

joinder  of  good  and  bad,  1276. 

bad  in  part,  1278. 

in  slander,  1278. 
COUNTY,  interest  in  action  against,  337. 

bridge,  erection  of,  1120. 
COUNTY  CLERK,  d.  against,  for  negligence,  560. 

d.  in  action  against,  560. 
COUNTY  OFFICERS,  bonds  of,  693. 
COUNTY  TREASURER,  d.  against,  for  negligence,  560. 

d.  in  action  against,  561. 

no  recovery  on  bond  of,  for  collection  of  school  funds,  692a. 
COUPONS,  interest  on,  337  n.,  346. 
COURSE  of  river,  change  in,  1120. 
COURT,  may  amend  record  by  allowing  nominal  d.,  109. 

power  of,  as  to  avoidable  consequences,  228. 

expense  of  time  in  attending,  229  n. 

deposit  of  fund  in,  as  interrupting  interest,  341. 

power  of,  in  awarding  exemplary  d.,  387. 

may  set  aside  verdict  if  excessive,  388. 

order  by,  for  return  of  property  converted,  4946. 

may  order  physical  examination,  1309. 

former  power  over  verdict,  1316. 

decides  all  questions  of  law,  1317.  ' 

present  separation  of  functions,  1317. 

rule  modified  by  statute,  1317. 

whether  intermediate  can  grant  remittitur,  1330. 


3156  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

COURT— Continued. 

action  of  appellate,  on  excessive  verdict,  1332. 

power  of,  to  set  aside  verdict  if  excessive,  1325. 

clerk  of.    See  Clerk  op  Couet. 
COURT  AND  JURY,  1311-1327. 

functions  of,  in  determining  avoidable  consequences,  228. 

relative  power  of  judge  and  jury,  1311. 

analogies  of  Roman  jurisprudence,  1312. 

formulae,  1313. 

changes  wrought  by  the  Empire,  1314. 

origin  and  development  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  udicial  procedure,  1315. 

former  indefinite  separation  between  province  of  court  and  of  jury, 
1316. 

present  separation  of  functions,  1317. 

exemplary  damages — aggravation  and  mitigation,  1318. 

double  and  treble  damages,  1318a. 

modifications — setting  aside  verdict,  1319. 

instructions  on  questions  of  damages,  1320. 

effect  of  erroneous  instructions,  1321. 

power  of  jury  to  act  without  evidence  of  damages,  1322. 

wrong  measure  of  damages  adopted  by  jury,  1323. 

modes  of  computing  damaget  allowed  the  jury,  1324. 
COURT  OF  EQUITY,  3. 

power  to  award  damages,  12566. 
COURTESY,  tenant  by,  recovery  by«  on  fire  policy,  725. 

liable  for  waste,  in  New  York,  950. 

in  elevated  railway  cases,  1201. 
COURTS  of  Anglo-Saxons,  12. 

Roman,  18. 

modem,  18. 

may  set  aside  verdicts  as  inadequate,  1368. 
COVENANT,  object  of  action  on,  to  obtain  money  judgment,  4. 

d.  accruing  subsequently  to  suit,  84. 

by  trustee  of  wife,  87. 

action  of,  106,  389. 

expense  of  litigation  on,  238. 

mutual,  636m. 

in  bond,  679. 

costs  on,  between  lessee  and  sub-lessee,  1000. 

recoupment  for  breach  of,  1057. 

embankment  on  land  subject  to,  1097. 

not  to  manufacture,  30. 

to  make  partition,  1019. 

of  indemnity,  litigation  expenses  for  breach  of,  238.  See  Indemnity. 

real.    See  Real  Covenant. 
COVENANTS  IN  LEASES,  984  et  seq. 

to  repair,  98,  226. 
by  landlord,  991. 


INDEX  3157 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

COVENANTS  IN  LEASES— Continued. 
by  tenant,  999ft. 

expense  of  avoiding  consequences  from  breach  of,  must  be  reason- 
able, 226i. 
to  maintain  fence,  973. 
for  quiet  enjoyment,  985,  986. 
value  of  term  and  expenses  recoverable,  987. 
conjectural  profits  not  recoverable,  987. 
consequential  d.,  992. 
to  make  improvements,  993. 
to  rebuild  by  landlord,  994. 
to  heat  premises,  995. 
to  furnish  heat  or  power,  995. 
to  renew,  996. 

to  pay  for  improvements,  997. 

to  submit  valuation  of  improvements  to  arbitration,  997. 
to  allow  removal  of  buildings,  fixtures,  etc.,  998. 
to  sell  at  agreed  price,  999. 
to  pay  value  of  improvements,  999. 
to  insure,  999j. 
to  surrender  possession,  999j. 
not  to  assign  or  underlet,  999fc. 
to  allow  sign  to  be  placed  on  leased  premises,  999A;. 
recoupment  for  breach  of,  1057. 
COVENANTS  OF  TITLE,  recovery  of  expense  of  Utigation  on  breach  of, 
148. 
against  incumbrances.   See  Incumbrances. 
to  discharge  incumbrance,  liquidated  d.  on,  416. 
for  quiet  enjoyment,  avoidable  consequences  of  breach  of,  218. 

recovery  of  litigation  expense  upon  breach  of,  238. 
of   seizin,   recovery  of   Utigation  expenses  on   breach    of,   238.     See 

Seizin. 
of  warranty,  expense  of  perfecting  title  recoverable  on  breach,  226e. 

recovery  of  Utigation  expenses  upon  breach  of,  238. 
when  notice  of  prior  suit  is  required,  239.    See  Wakranty  op  Land. 
COW,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  762. 

CREDIT,  loss  of,  through  wrongful  attachment,  whether  remote,  127,  153o,  467, 
806. 
interest  from  expiration  of,  308. 
d.  for  misrepresentation  of,  439/,  441. 
d.  for  loss  of,  in  malicious  prosecution,  459. 

in  action  for  maUcious  prosecution  of  civil  suit,  468 
by  attachment  on  land,  682. 
on  failure  to  accept  draft,  707. 
on  attachment  bond,  682,  683. 
sale  on,  756. 
CREDITOR,  recovery  by,  for  property  fraudulently  transferred,  83o. 
interest  payable  by  assignees  for,  311o. 
laches  or  fault  of,  as  barring  interest,  340. 
death  of,  does  not  bar  interest,  340a. 


3158  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  w.  means  note.] 

CREDITOR— Con^iriMed. 

breach  of  contract  by,  to  forbear,  626. 
insurance  by,  of  life  of  debtor,  729. 
CREW,  expense  of  retaining  in  admiralty,  589. 

recovery  for  expenses  of,  on  marine  policy,  714. 
CRIME,  composition  for,  not  permitted,  36. 

party  not  called  on  to  commit,  in  avoiding  consequences,  225. 
exemplary  d.  for  injury  which  is,  386. 
conviction  of,  does  not  mitigate  d.  for  personal  injury,  489 
CRIMINAL  CONVERSATION,  exemplary  d.  for,  376. 
d.  for,  478-480. 

aggravation  of  d.  for,  by  wealth  of  defendant,  479. 
mitigation  of,  by  ill-treatment  of  wife,  480. 
by  bad  character  of  husband  or  wife,  480. 
verdict  for,  may  be  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328. 
CRIMINAL  CONVICTION,  no  mitigation  of  d.  because  of,  in  action  for  per- 
sonal injury,  489. 
CRIPPLE,  excessive  damages  for  causing  one  to  become,  1355. 
CRITICISM,  of  English  rule  on  eminent  domam,  1122. 
CROP,  agreement  to  deliver  for  several  years,  636m. 

avoidable  consequences  of  injury  threatening  loss  of,  201,  202,  221. 
care  requisite  in  avoiding  loss  of,  from  failure  to  provide  cattle  guard, 

221a. 
certainty  of  raising  futures,  184,  185. 
compensation  by  share  of,  669. 
conversion  of,  by  landlord,  1069. 
d.  to,  1164. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  supply,  617. 
for  wrongfully  harvesting,  9356. 
on  injunction  bond  for  preventing  harvesting  of,  6856. 
for  loss  of,  685c. 

for  loss  of,  pending  injunction,  685A,  n. 
for  non-delivery  of,  735. 

for  injury  to,  by  illegal  entry  of  landlord,  9906. 
for  destruction  of,  937,  942,  1175. 
for  lack  of  fence,  214c. 
by  failure  to  erect  cattle-guards,  2266. 
by  breach  of  warranty  of  pans  green,  766. 
by  flooding  of  land,  942. 
in  eminent  domain,  proceedings,  1154a,  n. 
exemplary  d.  for  destruction  of,  377o,  n. 
expense  of  saving  from  injury,  226d. 
injury  to,  117,  191,  910,  1175. 
by  obstruction  of  road,  215. 
by  leaving  gate  open,  223. 
in  action  for  mesne  profits,  910. 
by  non-repair  of  fence,  992. 
lease  of  farm  for  share  of,  989. 
loss  of,  184,  191,  205,  927. 


INDEX  3169 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CROP— Continued. 

by  enticement  of  servants,  469. 
by  failure  to  supply  water,  633e. 
by  reason  of  lack  of  labor,  685i. 
on  breach  of  warranty  of  a  machine,  767. 
on  breach  of  warranty  of  seed,  768. 
recoupment  for  removal  of,  by  grantor  of  land,  1055, 

for  d.  to,  by  landlord's  cattle,  1058. 
recovery  by  tenant  for  d.  to,  164. 

for  value  of,  on  eviction  from  premises,  988. 
value  of,  243,  633e. 

on  injunction  bond,  685a. 
on  eviction,  989. 
of  annual,  937. 
of  future,  184,  185,  624. 
of  growing,  434,  937. 
of  permanent,  937a. 
yield  of,  1149  n. 
CROPPING  AGREEMENT,  989. 
CROSS  ACTION,  set-off  is,  in  substance,  1031. 

distinction  between  recoupment  and,  1048. 
CROSS  CLAIM,  reduction  of  d.  by,  1030. 
CROSS  TIES,  contract  to  manufacture,  208  n. 
CROSSING,  1167. 

danger  of,  1164. 
inconvenience  of,  1165. 
risk  from,  1165c. 
farm,  1167. 

failure  to  build,  1167  n. 
gate  or  tower,  1152o. 
proximity  to  private  road,  1078. 
railroad,  change  of  grade  of,  1151  n. 

system,  cost  of  maintaining,  whether  recoverable  in  eminent  domain, 
1152a. 
CROWD,  loss  by,  128. 
CUBA,  d.  under  code  of,  28a,  n. 
CULM,  compensation  for  taking,  1149  n.,  1166c. 
CULVERT  through  railway  embankment,  95. 

under  road,  1109  n. 
CUMULATIVE  bonds,  liability  on,  692c 

real  covenants  are,  953. 
CURE,  expense  of  attempted,  226/. 
of  successful,  226/. 

in  action  for  sale  of  diseased  animal,  769,  772. 
of  animal,  expense  of,  435,  438. 
expense  of,  incurred  after  suit  brought,  86a. 
CURIOSITY,  recovery  for  being  made  object  of,  47. 
CURRENCY,  depreciation  of,  268.    See  Payment,  Medium  of. 
foreign,  payment  in,  273,  274. 


3160  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

CURRENCY— Contowed. 

of  Confederate  States,  agreements  payable  in,  278. 
CURRENT  of  river,  change  of,  1109  n. 
CUSTODY,  value  of,  measure  of  d.  for  escape,  553,  554. 

of  child,  expense  of  suit  for,  not  recoverable,  2416. 
CUSTOM,  d.  for  loss  of,  127,  164a,  1095,  1120. 

d.  for  loss  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 

of  public  iiouse,  diminution  of,  1105. 

interest  on  accounts  by,  311. 

compound  interest  by,  344. 

may  fix  rate  of  compensation  for  services  of  agent,  834a. 

of  corporation,  as  justifying  exemplary  d.,  380a. 

of  paying  gross  freight,  on  open  policy,  712. 
CUSTOMHOUSE  BROKER,  832a. 
CUSTOMERS,  loss  of,  whether  remote,  540. 
CUSTOMS,  UabiUty  of  collector  of,  563. 

rebate  of,  852. 
CUTTING,  appropriation  of,  abandoned,  1150. 

benefit  of,  to  taker,  1150. 

and  filling  land,  1150. 

down  abutting  street,  1123. 
sidewalk,  1149  n. 

off  access,  1116  n.,  1120,  1123  n. 
percolating  water,  1120  n. 
water,  1164. 
from  railroad  frontage,  11656. 

trees,  1171c. 

DAIRY,  profits  in  proportion  to  number  of  cows,  184re. 
DAIRY  FARM,  lease  of,  209. 

DAKOTA,  law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  517a. 
DAM,  breach  of  agreement  to  loan  money  to  build,  622  n. 
of  contract  to  build,  620  n. 

d.  for  injunction  against  repair  of,  685/. 

d.  from  and  relating  to,  940,  946. 

failure  of  easement  to  erect  and  maintain,  975. 

owner  of,  may  recover  compensation  in  eminent  domain  proceedings 
where  land  is  taken,  1154o. 

private,  93. 

site  for,  11716. 

taking  of  land  for,  1162. 

and  reservoir,  1162. 
DAMAGE,  annoyance  to  business,  as  element  of,  1165. 

taking  possession  without  assessment  of,  1151  n. 

by  ashes,  1121,  1165a. 

by  cinders,  1121,  1123  n.,  1151,  1165a,  1165a,  n. 

by  closing  of  street,  1123. 

by  construction  of  railroads,  1121,  1149  n.,  1165a. 

by  dust,  1123  n.,  1165a. 


INDEX  3161 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DAMAGE— Conimwed. 

by  elevated  railroad,  1165a. 

by  noise,  1123  n.,  1165a. 

by  operation  of  railroads,  1121,  1165o. 

by  smoke,  1121,  1123  n.,  1151,  1165a,  1165o,  n. 

by  soot,  1123  n.,  1165a,  1165a,  n. 

by  telephone  wires,  1167,  n.  101. 

by  vibration,  1121,  1123  n.,  1165a,  1165a,  n. 

caused  by  user,  1102. 

clear,  1283. 

obsolete  judgment  of,  1283. 
continuing,  88. 

extent  of,  uncertain  in  nature,  1076. 
evidence  as  to  elements  of,  1149. 
family  occupations  as  element  of,  1165. 
fire  as  element  of,  1165. 
for  operation  of  railroad,  in  Utah,  1123. 
for  use  before  condemnation,  1109. 
general  and  special,  distinction  between,  1123  n.,  98. 
limit  of  time  for  claim  of,  under  statute,  1151  n. 
meaning  of,  in  Texas  constitution,  1123. 
new,  from  change  in  construction,  1152. 
noise  as  element  of,  1165. 
not  actionable  at  common  law,  1123. 
obstructions  of  view  as  element  of,  1165. 
or  injury  to  property,  compensation  for,  1106. 
particular,  from  nuisance,  35. 
prospective,  1149. 

recovery  of  minimum  amount  of,  171. 
smoke  as  element  of,  1165. 
soot  as  element  of,  1165. 
sparks  as  element  of,  1165. 
special,  1076,  1105,  1165a. 
in  Illinois,  1121. 
speculative,  1123a. 
structural,  1092. 
subsequently  arising,  1082. 
to  access,  1095,  1149  n.,  1165a,  n. 
to  adjacent  land,  1112a,  n.  42. 
to  ancient  lights,  1103. 
to  buildings,  structural,  1096. 
to  dippers  by  deprivation  of  gratuity,  100. 
to  good  will,  1094. 
to  land  not  taken,  1123  n.,  1151. 
to  output,  1116. 

to  personal  property,  1123,  1169. 
to  property,  under  Virginia  constitution,  1123. 
to  switching  yard,  1121,  n.  84. 
to  trade,  1094. 
unauthorized  redress  of  property  owner  for,  1110. 


3162  INDEX 

.  [References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DAMAGE — Continued. 

under  old  constitutions,  1113.    See  Opinion. 
DAMAGE  FEASANT,  945. 
"DAMAGED,"  meaning  of,  in  Illinois,  1121. 

in  South  Dakota,  1123. 

in  Washington,  1123. 

in  West  Virginia,  1123. 
DAMAGES  or  "injured"  property,  1118. 
See  Contract,  Tort,  &c. 
I. — Damages  Under  Other  Systems  op  Law 
Jewish  law,  20. 
Hindoo  law,  21. 
Koman  law,  22. 

how  awarded  under  Roman  law,  23. 
arbitrary  rule  of  reparation  under  Roman  law,  24. 
civil  law,  25. 

dommages-inUrits  indefinite,  26. 
limited  only  by  the  discretion  of  the  judge,  27. 
methods  of  avoiding  injustice  in  the  systems  considered,  28. 
damages  under  modern  codes,  28a. 
II. — History  of  Damages  in  Our  Law 

our  law  of  damages  originated  with  the  Anglo-Saxons,  7. 
d.  under  Anglo-Saxon  jurisprudence,  8. 
d.  in  Anglo-Saxon  law  compensatory,  9. 
Anglo-Saxon  compensation  pecuniary,  10. 
amount  of  compensation  carefully  defined,  11. 
Anglo-Saxon  judiciary,  12. 
later  modes  of  trial,  13. 
trial  by  ordeal,  14. 

by  battle,  15. 

by  wager  of  law,  16. 

by  jury,  17. 
modem  tribunals,  18. 

quantum  of  damages  a  question  for  the  jury,  19. 
III. — General  Principles  Adopted  in  the  Common-Law  System 
the  subject  a  branch  of  the  law  of  redress,  1. 
legal  rehef  consists  of,  2. 
equitable  relief,  3. 
difference  between  them,  4. 
a  species  of  property,  5. 
general  arrangement  of  the  subject,  6. 
consist  in  compensation  for  loss  sustained,  29. 

both  in  contract  and  in  tort,  30. 
the  amount  determined  by  rules  of  law,  31. 
damnum  absque  injuria  and  injuria  sine  damno,  32. 
Fletcher  v.  Rylands,  33. 
no  compensation  for  loss  by  nuisance  common  to  all,  34. 

unless  particular  damage  results,  35. 

nor  by  way  of  settbment  for  crime,  36. 
apportionment  of,  between  wrongdoers,  36o. 


INDEX  3163 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DAMAGE&— Continued. 

■IV. — Damages  in  General 

accrual  of,  by  actual  grading,  1151  n. 

accruing  between  time  of  action  brought  and  trial,  860. 

actionable  at  common  law,  1123. 

affecting  jurisdiction,  1285. 

after  suit.    See  Prospective  Damages. 

against  agent  to  sell,  819. 

against  carriers,  a  matter  of  law,  840. 

aggravation  and  mitigation  of,  430. 

by  ensuing  consequences,  84. 
all  covered  by  compensation,  1109. 
allowed  in  equity.    iSee  Equity. 
alternative  rule  of,  1716. 
amount  due  for  breach  of  contract,  142. 

amount  of,  stipulated  by  the  parties.    See  Liquidated  Damages. 
are  not  divisible  in  tort,  431. 
as  affected  by  limited  ownership,  68. 
as  incidental  reUef  in  equity,  1256c. 
on  failure  to  obtain  relief  in  equity,  125Gd. 
in  equity  for  protection  of  defendant,  1256/. 
assessed  by  clerk,  1316  n. 
averment  of,  1257. 
by  fixing  an  arbitrary  sum,  1076. 
by  independent  parties,  liability  for,  36a. 
by  laying  pipe  line,  1166c. 

cause  to  which  attributed  in  eminent  domain  cases,  1185. 
caused  by  user,  1098. 
certain  or  uncertain.    See  Certain. 
common  to  general  public,  1123. 
compensatory.    See  Compensation. 
consequential,  1122.    See  Consequential  Damages. 

due  to  grading  streets,  1120. 

due  to  opening  streets,  1120. 

exclusion  of,  1170. 

in  Kentucky,  1123. 

in  Louisiana,  1123. 

in  Mississippi,  1123. 

in  Pennsylvania,  1108,  n.  10. 

under  new  Pennsylvania  constitution,  1120. 
contract  to  indemnify  against,  795. 

contemplated  by  the  parties.    See  Consequentiai.  Damages. 
costs  as.    See  Costs. 
counsel  fees  as.    See  Counsel  Fees. 
de  die  in  diem  in  New  York,  1195. 
definition  of,  55. 

do  not  result  in  complete  compensation,  38, 
double.    See  Double  Damages. 
entire,  93o,  95,  1164., 


3164  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DAMAGES— Coniinued. 

for  breach  of  contract,  85. 

must  be  recovered  in  a  single  action,  836  et  seq. 

not  recoverable  at  common  law,  1196. 

entire  or  several,  1276. 
evidence  of,  how  far  necessary,  1322. 
exclusion  from  office,  40. 
excessive.    See  Excessive  Damages. 
exemplary.    See  Exemplary  Damages. 
when  fixed  by  court,  19. 

for  an  injury  must  be  recovered  in  single  action,  84. 
for  breach  of  contract,  reduction  of,  608. 
for  continuous  trespass,  92. 
for  construction  of  street  railway,  1123,  n.  98. 
for  cutting  trees,  1171e. 
for  defect  in  construction  of  building,  recoupment  in  action  on  contract 

of  construction,  1067. 
for  discomfort,  42. 
for  destroyed  contract,  90. 
for  death  limited  to  pecuniary  loss,  573. 
for  failure  by  carrier  to  transport  goods,  842. 
for  fraud  in  sale  of  goods,  777  et  seq. 
for  fraud  in  sale  of  land,  1027  et  seq. 
for  inconvenience  and  annoyance,  42. 
for  infringement  of  patents.    See  Patents. 
for  injunction  against  doing  work,  6S5d. 
for  injury  caused  by  lawful  use  of  land,  95. 
for  malicious  attachment,  467. 
for  mental  suffering  from  actionable  wrong,  43^. 
for  mental  suffering  in  actions  for  personal  injury,  44. 
for  more  injurious  use,  1152  n. 
for  part  not  taken,  1149. 
for  part  taken,  1149. 
for  permanent  injury,  94. 

for  personal  injury,  general  rule  for  estimating,  481. 
for  prospective  loss,  86  et  seq. 
for  prospective  pecuniary  loss  by  death,  574. 
for  refusal  by  purchaser  to  receive  goods,  753. 
for  sale  of  liquor.    See  Civil  Damage  Statutes. 
for  severance,  1099. 
for  subsequently  accruing  loss,  84,  85. 

for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  right  to,  does  not  run  with  land,  1154c. 
for  unauthorized  use  of  land,  93. 
fresh,  will  not  give  fresh  action,  84. 
from  act  made  lawful,  1089. 
from  compulsory  eviction,  1080. 
from  erection  of  mill  dam,  1151  n. 
from  operation  of  railroad,  1113. 
from  subsequent  user,  1095. 
from  surface  water,  1123'. 


INDEX  3165 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DAMAGES— Con/inued. 

future.    See  Prospective  Damages. 

general  principles  of  recovery  in  actions  upon  contracts,  600. 

general  rule  for,  in  case  of  death,  574o. 

how  affected  by  special  ownership.    See  Special  Ownee. 

how  computed,  1327. 

how  paid,  in  money  or  goods,  10. 

in  action  for  dower,  921. 

in  action  for  injury  to  real  estate,  923. 

in  admiralty.    See  Admiralty. 

in  case  of  apparent  wound,  19  n. 

in  equity,  3  n. 

in  gross,  on  taking  by  eminent  domain,  11546. 

include  consequential  injury,  1101. 

inferred  from  wrong  done,  97. 

instructions  upon,  1320. 

interest  on,  1179a. 

measure  of,  against  agent,  a  matter  of  law,  811. 

measure  of,  a  matter  of  law  in  tort  without  aggravating  circumstances, 

428. 
measure  of,  a  question  of  law,  810. 
measure  of,  elements  in,  1163. 
measure  of;  for  improperly  performing  work,  674. 
measure  of,  for  use  of  street,  1180-1211. 
measure  of,  independent  of  form  of  action,  429. 
measure  of,  in  eminent  domain,  1149. 
measure  of  prospective,  1149a. 
measure  of,  where  lands  are  taken,  1080. 
method  of  computing,  1324. 
must  be  recovered  in  one  action,  84. 
must  not  be  conjectural,  1227. 
nominal.    See  Nominal  Damages. 
nominal,  recovery  of,  by  possessor,  70. 
nominal  where  no  loss  inflicted,  107. 
not  allowed  for  common  nuisance,  34. 
not  allowed  for  composition  of  crime,  36. 
not  controlled  by  form  of  action,  810. 
not  foreseen  at  time  of  prior  assessment,  1082. 
not  without  actual  or  implied  loss,  32. 
of  lessee  included  in  those  of  lessor,  1084. 
of  lessor,  include  lessee's,  1084. 
on  appeal,  1286a. 
on  bond,  less  titan  penalty,  675c. 
prospective.    See  Phospective  Damages. 
reduction  of,  681. 
on  demurrer,  or  default,  19  n. 
on  dissolution  of  injunction,  12866. 
on  injunction  bond  must  be  actual,  685. 
on  replevin  bond  need  not  be  assessed  in  replevin  suit,  689. 
once  allowed  only  to  time  of  action,'  86. 


3166  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DAMAGES— Continued. 

opinions  as  to  quantum  of,  1293.     • 

original  position  of  jury  in  assessment  of,  349. 

past,  evidence  of,  1109  n. 

profits  as.    See  Profits. 

prospective,  1170. 

for  breach  of  contract,  87. 

for  personal  injuries,  86c. 

for  torts,  866. 
from  user,  1102.    See  Prospective  Damages. 
proximate,  1119. 
reciprocal,  542. 

recoverable  on  official  bond,  692. 

recoverable  by  one  having  limited  interest.    See  Limited  Interest,  69. 
recoverable  for  destroyed  contract,  90. 
recoverable  though  small  in  amount,  432. 
recovered  in  each  action,  85c. 
recovery  for,  under  permissive  powers,  1089. 
reduction  of,  in  action  for  death,  583. 
reduction  of,  in  admiralty,  591. 
reduction  of,  in  replevin  proceedings,  691a. 
release  of,  1109  n. 

release  of,  effect  on  liabiUty  for  negligence,  1110  n. 
remote  excluded,  1086. 
remote.    See  Consequential  Damages. 
rule  of,  in  statutes,  1112o. 
sometimes  imported  from  circumstances,  1310a. 
special.    See  Special  Damages. 
speculative,  1163. 
splitting  demand  for,  1109. 
stipulation  for  payment  of  amount  greater  than,  regarded  as  penalty, 

411. 
auper  visum  mdneris,  349,  1316. 
the  conflict  of  laws  regarding,  ch.  lix. 
time  when  measured,  1151. 
to  abutter,  1120. 

to  be  commensurate  with  injury,  29. 
to  lessees,  1169. 
to  farm,  1165. 

treble.    See  Treble  Damages. 
uncertain.    See  Certainty  op  Proof. 
under  eminent  domain  statutes.    See  Eminent  Domain. 
under  statutes,  1076. 
under  statutes  double  and  treble,  1076. 
unforeseen,  1082. 

when  no  land  taken,  in  IlUnois,  1151  n. 
.  when  no  right  affected,  11496. 
wrong  measure  of,  adopted  by  jury,  1323. 
DAMMING  of  surface  water,  1109. 
DAMNUM,  derivation  of,  5  n. 


INDEX  3167 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DAMNUM  ABSQUE  INJURIA,  32,  812,  1089,  1108,  1111,  1113. 

danger  from  fire  is,  in  taking  of  rights  in  street  in  New  York,  1205o. 

in  case  of  property  taken,  1182. 
DAMNUM  EMERGENS,  22,  636  n. 
DANCING  CLASS,  expulsion  from,  45. 
DANGER,  from  accidental  fires,  1163. 

from  sewer  gas,  1165e. 

no  obligation  to  submit  to,  in  order  to  avoid  consequences  of  injury,  218. 

of  crossing,  1164. 

of  crossing  the  road,  1165. 

of  fire,  1164,  1165. 

of  fire  from  passing  trains,  1100. 

of  fruit  being  stolen,  1165c. 

of  gas  escaping,  1166c. 

of  killing  stock,  1165. 

of  members  of  family  being  hurt,  1164. 

of  rescued  property,  as  affectjng  amount  of  salvage,  599c. 

of  surface  subsiding,  1166c. 

conjectural,  1165c. 

and  risk,  in  general,  1165c. 

to  health,  1165c. 
"DANGEROUS,"  meaning  of,  1149a. 
DARREIN  PRESENTMENT,  900. 
DATE  of  filing  appraiser's  award,  1151. 

of  trial,  1151. 
DAUGHTER,  d.  for  seduction  of,  471. 

indecent  assault  on,  47  n. 

keeping  of  body  of,  in  vault,  45. 

loss  of  society  of  virtuous,  48. 

shame  caused  by  seduction  of,  47. 
DEAD  BODY,  mental  anguish  caused  by  removal  of,  44a. 

tortious  treatment  of,  43i. 

wrongful  disposition  of,  45. 
DEAFNESS,  excessive  damages  for,  1359. 
DEATH,  action  for  causing,  172a. 

compensation  for  loss  of  future  support,  866. 

delay  in  telegram  announcing,  881a. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing,  894&. 

d.  for  failure  to  transmit  message  announcing,  894. 

d.  for  message  falsely  announcing,  894. 

effect  of,  on  exemplary  d.,  362. 

English  rule  as  to  d.  for,  67a. 

interruption  of  services  by,  672. 

message  announcing,  gives  notice  of  mental  suffering,  47,  894c. 

of  a  near  relative,  169. 

of  animal,  pending  replevin  proceedings,  536a. 

of  creditor,  does  not  bar  interest,  340o. 

of  debtor,  does  not  bar  interest,  340o. 

of  owner  of  land,  rights  of  action,  how  affected  by,  836. 

of  human  being,  performance  of  contract  prevented  by,  655c. 


3168  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DEATH.— Continiied. 

of  partner,  interest  after,  310a. 

from  eating  impure  food,  164a. 
DEATH  OF  HUMAN  BEING,  d.  for,  ch.  xxv. 

no  recovery  for  death  at  common  law,  570. 

recovery  for  injury  which  finally  results  in  death,  570o. 

survival  by  statute  of  right  of  deceased,  570&. 

statutes,  571. 

limitation  of  amount  of  recovery,  671a. 

varying  types  of  statute,  5716. 

election  of  remedies,  571c. 

general  principles,  572. 

pecuniary  loss,  573. 

funeral  expenses,  573. 

non-pecuniary  loss,  573a. 

physical  and  mental  suffering,  573a. 

loss  of  society,  573a. 

prospective  pecimiary  loss,  574. 

reasonable  expectation  of  benefit  enough,  574. 

general  rule  for  damages,  574a. 

services  of  a  child,  575. 

loss  of  an  adult  child,  576. 

of  services  beyond  minority,  576. 

care  and  services  of  a  parent,  577. 

services  of  a  wife  or  husband,  578. 

next  of  kin,  579. 

evidence— Family  circumstances,  580. 

character  and  capacity  of  deceased,  580a. 

probable  duration  of  life,  581. 

excessive  verdicts,  582,  1328  n.,  1367. 

reduction  of  damages,  583. 

exemplary  damages,  377a,  584. 

presumptions  and  pleading,  584a. 

contributory  negligence,  585. 

recovery  for,  under  Civil  Damage  Act,  1248. 

inadequate  damages  for,  1372. 

the  conflict  of  laws  as  to  d.  for,  1376. 
DEBASED  CURRENCY,  268. 
DEBT,  action  of,  636ff. 

when  it  lay  at  common  law,  389. 

breach  of  agreement  to  settle  or  secure,  622a. 

contract  to  indemnify  against,  795. 

contract  to  pay,  in  instalments,  636jr. 

contract  to  pay  or  discharge,  789. 

contract  to  save  harmless  from,  788. 

d.  against  telegraph  company  for  loss  of,  887. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty,  where  land  given  for,  965. 

d.  for  judgment  against  collecting,  &85g. 

d.  on  breach  of  contract  to  pay,  786,  788,  789,  790. 

d.  recoverable  for  detention  only,  675a. 


INDEX  3169 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
DEBT— Continued. 

guaranty  of,  806. 

interest  on,  289,  301. 

loss  of  by  statute  of  limitations,  recoverable  on  injunction  bond,  685  g. 

object  to  obtain  judgment  awarding  money,  4. 

of  another,  contract  to  pay,  972. 

of  partnership,  contract  to  pay,  789. 

on  bond,  675o,  6756. 

on  judgment,  interest  in,  334. 

payment  of,  by  note,  sufficient  to  support  action  on  contract  of  indem- 
nity, 797. 

recovery  against  telegraph  company  for  loss  of,  887. 

recovery  for  loss  of  chance  of  collection  by  appeal,  688a. 

recovery  on  sheriff's  bond  for  failure  to  collect,  692i. 
DEBTOR,  agreement  with,  for  extension  of  time,  whether  liquidated  d.  allowable 
on,  407. 

d.  on  bond  for  release  of,  686. 

death  of,  does  not  bar  interest,  340a. 

insolvency  of,  whether  provable  in  action  against  public  officer,  549-551, 
554r-557 

on  bail  bond,  686. 

interest  recoverable  against  joint,  304. 

liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  agreement  for  extension  of  time  to,  407 

recovery  for  insolvency  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685^. 
pending  appeal,  688a. 

subject  to  two  claims,  836. 

under  no  obhgation  to  partial  assignee,  836. 

where  entitled  to  interest  on  usurious  overpayment,  305. 
DEBTS,  recovery  on  bond  of  executor  or  administrator  for  failure  to  pay,  692^. 
DECAY,  of  potatoes,  communicated  from  those  bought,  2126. 
DECEASE,  interruption  of  services  by,  672. 
DECEIT  as  ground  for  setting  aside  contract,  606c. 

avoidable  consequences  of,  214. 

consequential  d.,  143,  195. 

d.  for,  439. 

for  sale  of  impotent  bull,  214. 

interest  in  action  for,  316. 

nominal  d.  in  action  of,  100. 
DECISIONS,  English,  on  eminent  domain,  1078. 
cited  in  Illinois,  1121. 

under  Lands  Clauses  Consolidation  Act,  referred  to,  1113. 
DECREASE  of  value,  recovery  for,  in  replevin,  536. 
DECREE,  for  act  to  be  done  does  not  bear  interest,  334. 

for  payment  of  money  bears  interest,  334. 
DEED,  covenant  in.    See  Real  Covenant. 

granting  of  property  for  pubUc  use  by,  1109. 

expense  of  preparing,  recoverable,  1017. 

liability  of  clerk  of  court  for  negligence  in  recording  or  indexing,  692h. 

of  land,  value  of,  262. 

liability  of  probate  judge  for  neglecting  to  index,  692^. 

199 


3170  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.l 

DEED — Continued. 

negligence  in  recording,  107a,  n. 

parol  proof  of  consideration  of,  964. 

recognition  of  land  as  street  by,  11496. 

right  to  tender  in  court,  1028. 

false  return  of  register  of,  218. 
DEFALCATION  act,  in  Pennsylvania,  1031. 

of  officer  of  corporation,  694. 

of  public  officer,  recovery  for,  692e. 
DEFAMATION.   See  Libel  and  Slander. 

compensation  for  injury  by,  60. 

excessive  d.  for,  1335. 

exemplary  d.  for,  364,  377. 

exemplary  d.  for  wanton,  722. 

recovery  of  future  d.  for,  443.   See  Libel,  Slander. 
DEFAULT,  assessment  of  d.  upon,  1275. 

in  payment  of  money,  to  which  official  term  referred,  692e. 

of  plaintiff,  whether  recovery  on  contract  prevented  by,  658. 

rescission  of  contract  for,  6556. 

recovery  by  person  in,  673/. 

during  another  term  of  office,  whether  covered  by  official  bond,  6926. 
DEFECT,  in  building,  measure  of  d.  for,  644. 

in  construction  of  work  contracted  for,  647c. 

in  goods  or  work,  cost  of  remedying,  2126. 

in  goods  delivered,  recoupment  for,  1060. 

in  goods  sold,  recoupment  for,  1036,  1060. 

in  machinery,  compensation  for,  646. 

inherent,  in  property  replevied,  691. 

of  breach  of  contract,  recovery  of  cost  of  remedying,  620. 
DEFECTIVE  WORK,  recovery  for,  657. 
DEFENCE,  fl!.  for  making  negligent,  831. 

dispensing  with  necessity  of  maintaining,  is  special  benefit,  1130. 
DEFENDANT  cannot  recover  verdict  on  claim  for  recoupment,  1049. 
DEFENDANTS,  joint  liability  of,  in  exemplary  d.,  382. 
DEFENDING  against  proceeding,  costs  and  expenses  for,  1166a. 
DEFICIENCY  in  quality  of  land  conveyed,  1016. 

in  quantity  of  land  conveyed,  1016,  1028. 
DEFICIT  in  officer's  accounts,  which  bond  chargeable  for,  692e. 
DEFINITION  of  "cash  value,"  1171d. 

of  "injuriously  affected,"  1105. 

of  "property,"  1117  n.,  1121,  1123. 
DEFORCEMENT  of  dower,  922  n. 
DEFORMITY,  compensation  for,  484. 

d.  for,  in  action  for  personal  injury,  485. 

of  plaintiff,  not  shown  in  action  for  death,  580. 

of  unborn  child,  no  recovery  by  mother  for  fear  oS,  43ff. 
DEGRADATIONS,  meaning  of  the  term,  950  n. 
DELAWARE,  constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
DELAY,  action  for,  by  theatrical  troupe,  170. 

compensation  for,  in  nature  of  interest,  320. 


INDEX  3171 

iReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

HEIAY—Cmtinued. 

in  carriage  of  cattle,  212. 

in  carriage  of  goods,  212,  419,  854. 

in  carrying  passengers,  d.  for,  863. 

in  completing  building,  d.  for,  224. 

in  completing  contract,  liquidated  d.  for,  407. 

in  completing  printing  and  binding,  156. 

in  completing  steamboat,  d.  for,  657. 

in  completing  performance  of  contract,  liquidated  d.  for,  419. 

in  completion  of  work  contracted  for,  647c. 

in  construction,  d.  caused  by,  642. 

in  construction  of  building,  d.  for,  645. 

in  delivering  telegram,  154. 

in  delivery  by  carrier,  limitation  of  liability  does  not  apply  to,  851. 

in  delivery,  d.  against  carrier  for,  854. 

in  delivery  of  goods  sold,  419,  734,  735c. 

right  to  d.  for,  not  waived  by  acceptance  of  goods,  743. 

in  erecting  bridge,  d.  for,  647o. 

in  furnishing  materials  for  buildings,  646a. 

in  lading  or  unlading  of  vessel,  d.  for,  857. 

in  making  conveyance,  d.  for,  1021a. 

in  paying  over  money,  recovery  for,  on  bond,  692/. 

in  payment  of  money  caused  by  appeal,  688o. 

in  performance  of  work,  d.  for,  on  injunction  bond,  685(i. 

in  returning  property  bailed,  6336. 

in  surrender  of  premises,  419. 

in  transporting  a  passenger,  recovery  for,  862. 

in  transporting  material,  199. 

in  transportation,  45a. 

in  transportation  of  goods,  842. 

hquidated  d.  for,  in  payment  of  money,  411. 

loss  of  profits  by,  856. 

natural  consequences  of,  856. 

natural  result  of  non-delivery,  157. 

of  carrier.   See  Gabbier. 

of  creditor,  barring  interest,  340. 

of  one  day  by  warehouseman  in  delivery  of  cotton,  153. 

on  railway,  42. 

recovery  by  passenger  of  expenses  of,  864. 

waiver  of,  656. 

at  connections,  1150. 
DELICACY  OF  TASTE,  damages  for  injury  to,  42. 
DELIVER,  failure  to.   See  Non-Deliveet. 

recovery  for  failure  to,  on  contract  for  sale  of  chattels,  734. 

d.  against  carrier  for  failure  to,  844. 
DELIVERIES,  several,  737. 
DELIVERY  of  goods  by  carrier,  d.  for  delay  in,  854. 

d.  for  wrongful,  853. 

of  goods  sold,  damages  for  delay  in,  735c. 

valu^  of  goods  to  be  taken  at  time  set  for,  737. 


3172  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DELIVERY— Cojrfinued. 

where  no  time  fixed,  737. 
DEMAND,  d.  for  failure  to  deliver  goods  on,  737. 

for  payment  of  money,  interest  after,  302a. 

for  settlement  or  payment,  when  interest  runs  from,  314. 

interest  on  failure  to  pay  for  goods  from  time  of,  308. 

interest  on  money  payable  on,  302a. 

for  d.,  splitting,  1109. 

for  payment,  effect  of,  on  interest,  302,  314. 

prevented  by  debtor,  309. 
DEMAND  NOTE,  rate  of  mterest  on,  330. 
DEMANDS,  indivisible  when  entire,  84. 
DE  MINIMIS  NON  CURAT  LEX,  31,  103,  432, 1326. 

not  applied  to  wrongful  invasion  of  property,  103. 
DEMURRAGE,  394  n.,  419. 

allowed  as  liquidated  d.,  420. 

consequential  d.  for,  in  admiralty,  589. 

against  consignee  in  nature  of,  857. 

of  vessel"  detained  for  goods  of  which  delivery  is  delayed,  742. 

recovery  for,  on  collision,  590. 

recoverable  for  delay  in  loading  vessel,  858. 

when  recoverable,  857. 
DEMURRER,  d.  upon  overruling  of,  1272. 
DENTIST,  d.  to,  and  for  illness  of  members  of  family,  155. 

injury  to,  180. 

measure  of  d.  for  injury  to,  180  n. 

no  recovery  by,  for  loss  of  instruments,  152. 
DENTIST'S  ASSISTANT,  evidence  of  value  of  time  of,  171o,  n. 
DENTIST'S  INSTRUMENTS,  whether  baggage,  873  n. 
DEPARTURE  from  terms  of  contract,  d.  how  affected  by,  655. 
DEPARTURE  FROM  SERVICE,  by  mmor,  662. 

compensation  recoverable  upon,  658,  659,  660. 

Uquidated  d.  for,  407. 

recoupment  for,  1062. 

without  notice,  consequential  d.  for,  137. 
DEPOSIT,  action  against  auctioneer  for  failure  to  demand,  832. 

against  auctioneer,  832. 

at  auction,  whether  liquidated  d.,  1026. 

d.  for  failure  to  require,  against  agent,  823. 

forfeiture  of,  for  failure  to  complete  purchase  of  land,  1026. 

of  Confederate  currency,  278. 

of  filth  on  dock,  1112. 

of  fund  in  bank,  or  court,  as  interrupting  interest,  341, 

of  money,  interest  on,  from  demand,  302a. 

of  gold,  269. 

whether  liquidated  d.  forfeited  on  default,  414. 
DEPOSITARY,  where  chargeable  with  interest,  305. 

recovery  by,  76. 
DEPOSITOR,  when  entitled  to  interest,  309. 


INDEX  3173 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DEPOSITS,  alluvial,  washing  away,  1120. 

clay,  1166c. 

future,  of  soil,  loss  of,  1120. 
DEPOT,  breach  of  contract  to  construct,  194,  630. 

value  to  land  by  erection  of,  194.    See  Station. 
DEPRECIATION,  in  market  value,  1121,  1164. 

in  price  of  bonds,  pending  injunction,  685i. 

in  value,  1163. 

in  value  of  land,  by  permanent  incumbrances,  recovery  for,  970. 
d.  for,  in  replevin,  536. 

in  value  of  abutting  land  owing  to  running  trams  on  street,  1102. 

in  value  of  currency,  268. 

in  value  of  gold,  pending  injunction,  685g. 

in  value  of  land  from  other  causes  than  taking,  no  recovery  for,  1153. 

in  value  of  land  not  recoverable  on  attachment  bond,  682. 

in  value  of  land,  recovery  for,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 

in  value  of  property  by  replevin,  689a. 

in  value  of  property,  measure  of  damages  in  action  for  eminent  domain, 
1152a. 

in  value  of  property,  recoverable  on  attachment  bond,  682. 

in  value  of  property  pending  injunction,  685A. 

of  jK'operty  wrongfully  attached,  467,  682. 

of  vessel  by  collision,  592. 

in  value  of  vessel,  recoverable  in  admiralty,  592. 

recoverable  on  appeal  bond,  688. 

of  brickyard,  1165A. 

of  plant,  1171d. 

of  property,  recovery  for,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 
DEPRIVATION  of  access  to  harbor,  1093. 

of  access  to  sewer,  1093. 

of  easement  in  street,  1123  n. 

of  enjoyment  of  property,  1121. 

of  use  of  land,  1117. 

of  use  of  property,  1121. 
DEPTH  of  line,  1166c. 
DEPUTY,  action  on  bond  of,  by  sheriff,  805. 

judgment  against  sheriff  conclusive  on  bond  of,  802. 
DERELICT,  salvage  for  saving,  599c, 
DERIVATION  OF  DAMNUM,  5  n. 

DESCRIPTION,  misrepresentation  as  to,  on  sale  of  land,  1028. 
DESIGNS,  d.  for  infringement  of,  1235. 

patents  for.    See  Patents. 
DESTINATION,  d.  for  failure  to  carry  passenger  to,  864. 

freight  due  where  goods  are  taken  short  of,  841. 

place  of,  fixes  value  in  actions  against  carriers,  845. 

value  at  place  of,  247. 

value  of  goods  at  place  of,  recoverable,  844. 
DESTROYING  usefulness  for  manufacturing  purposes,  11656. 
DESTRUCTION,  acceptance  of  goods  to  prevent,  841. 

of  access,  1115. 


3174  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DESTRUCTION— Coreimued. 

of  access  by  excavations  in  street,  1123. 

of  beneficial  use,  by  physical  interference,  1116. 

of  buildings,  d.  for,  935o. 

of  crops,  1164,  1175. 

of  dock,  1094. 

of  easement,  1096. 

of  easements  of  light  and  air,  1115. 

of  garden,  llQQd. 

of  property,  d.  for,  432a. 

may  be  shown  on  detinue  bond,  691c. 
question  of  gain  prevented,  178. 
to  stay  conflagration,  928. 
replevied  before  judgment,  691. 

of  shade  trees,  1167  n. 

of  sidewalk,  1123  n. 

of  subject  of  contract,  recovery  after,  655c. 

of  trees,  1166e. 

of  water  power,  1166d. 

of  well,  1120  n. 

d.  for,  in  replevin,  535. 

interest  as  d.  for,  538. 
DETENTION  of  money,  mterest  in  England  for,  290. 

of  property,  loss  from,  136. 

of  vessel,  d.  for,  857. 
DETERIORATION,  goods  injured  must  be  saved  from,  by  carrier,  852. 

in  land  pending  appeal,  688a. 

in  value  from  failure  to  transport  goods,  843. 

in  value  of  goods  by  delay  in  transportation,  842. 

of  goods,  recovery  for,  in  replevin,  536. 

in  value  of  goods,  recovery  for,  on  marine  policy,  714. 

in  value  of  goods  replevied,  690. 

of  attached  property,  recovery  for,  5656. 

of  goods  wrongfully  withheld,  recovery  for,  565a. 

of  property,  recoverable  in  action  of  detinue,  527. 

in  value  of  property  on  forthcoming  bond,  684. 

may  justify  abandonment  to  underwriters  as  for  total  loss,  710. 

of  cargo,  amounting  to  constructive  total  loss,  711. 

of  materials,  during  delay  in  construction,  642. 

of  property  pending  appeal,  688a. 
DETERMINATE  AND  INDETERMINATE  DAMAGES,  359. 
DETINET,  actions  on  the,  533. 
DETINUE,  action  for  conversion  taking  the  place  of,  494. 

action  of,  generally  obsolete,  528. 

bond,  d.  on,  389,  691c. 

d.  in  action  for,  527. 

exemplary  d.  in  action  of,  375. 

higher  intermediate  value,  whether  recoverable  in,  507,  517 

object  is  to  obtain  money  judgment,  4. 

recoupment  in  action  of,  1044. 


INDEX  3175 

tReferenCeS  are  to  sections,  d,  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DETRIMENT  to  landowner,  compensation  for,  1150. 
DEVELOPMENT  of  water  power,  is  special  benefit,  1130. 
DEVIATION  by  carrier,  limitation  of  liability  avoided  by,  851. 

from  contract,  655. 

effect  of  slight,  657. 
recovery  upon,  655. 
DEVISEE,  from  what  time  entitled  to  mesne  profits,  912. 

gets  no  action  for  injury  to  land  before  death  of  testator,  83b. 

recovery  of  mesne  profits  by,  912. 
DIFFERENCE,  between  English  and  American  law,  on  eminent  domain,  1106. 

between  legal  and  equitable  relief,  4, 

in  market  value,  1149,  1163. 
DIFFICULTY,  increased,  of  access,  1163. 

of  access,  1164. 

in  cutting  grass,  1149o. 

of  crossing  road,  1165. 
DIGGING  of  ditches,  1165. 

DILAPIDATION,  recovery  for,  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  910. 
DILIGENCE  required  for  avoiding  consequences,  221,  221a. 
DIMINUTION  in  value,  due  to  compulsory  ejectment,  1083. 
of  goods  carried,  852. 
of  homestead,  1149  n. 
of  land,  during  delay  of  conveyance,  1021a. 
of  leasehold,  1117. 
of  reservoir,  recovery  for,  1080. 
of  water,  1149  n. 
without  fault  of  occupant,  d.  for,  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  910. 

of  business,  1121  n.,  1152a. 

of  custom  of  pubUc  house,  1105. 

of  earning  power  of  deceased,  may  be  shown,  580a. 

of  flow  of  water,  1096. 

of  selling  value,  1101. 
DIRECT  CONSEQUENCES,  111,  112. 

aggravation  of  pre-existing  injury  or  disease,  1216. 

always  compensated,  1216. 

of  loss  of  goods  by  carrier,  1216. 

of  an  assault,  1216. 

of  default  of  telegraph  company,  891,  892. 

of  destruction  of  building,  1216. 

of  expulsion  from  railroad  train,  871. 

of  negligence,  1216. 

what  are,  111. 
DIRECT  LOSS  of  failure  to  transmit  message,  892. 
DIRECTOR,  action  against,  for  failure  to  make  reports,  103  n. 

action  against,  for  negligence,  170. 

of  corporation,  recovery  by,  for  extraordinary  services,  763e. 

of  corporation,  whether  entitled  to  compensation,  673d. 

of  corporation,  liability  of,  for  negligence,  830. 
DISABILITY,  compensation  for,  484. 

of  married  woman,  486. 


3176  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.]' 

DISABILITY— Confenued. 

of  minor,  4866. 

recovery  for  permanent,  in  action  for  physical  injury,  485. 
DISAPPOINTMENT,  caused  by  delay,  42. 

d.  not  recoverable  for,  against  telegraph  company,  894d. 

in  particular  thing  on  which  mind  was  set,  46a. 

no  compensation  for,  42. 

of  expectations,  42. 

without  physical  inconvenience,  no  recovery  for,  46a. 
DISCHARGE  of  agent,  d.  for  wrongful,  834c. 

of  debt,  contract  for,  789. 

of  judgment,  d.  for  wrongful,  634. 

of  servant,  d.  for  wrongful,  665. 
prospective  d.  for,  666. 
DISCOMFORT,  caused  by  nuisance,  42. 

by  failure  to  provide  berth  in  sleeping  car,  873o. 

of  passenger  as  consequence  of  sale  of  wrong  ticket,  221a. 

of  passenger,  caused  by  walking  to  destination,  212. 

physical,  compensation  for,  42,  1123. 

caused  by  compulsory  journey,  42. 
DISCONTINUANCE  of  cause  of  offence  mitigates  exemplary  d.,  383. 

of  streets,  1151  n. 

of  taking,  effect  of,  on  claim  for  compensation,  1160. 
DISCRETION,  in  civil  law,  of  the  judge,  27. 
DISCRIMINATION,  d  against  carrier  for,  857a. 

of  carrier,  143  n. 
DISEASE,  communicated  by  warranted  rags,  766. 

communication  of,  125,  769,  927. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  animals  against,  765. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing,  894. 

existence  of,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  581. 

fraudulent  communication  of,  to  animals,  441. 

of  deceased  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  581. 

pre-existing,  aggravation  of,  1216. 

recoupment  for,  1060. 

recovery  for  apprehension  of,  484. 

where  provable  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  639. 

sheep,  sold  with  knowledge  of,  148. 
DISFIGUREMENT,  contemplation  of,  47  n. 

excessive  d.  for,  1358. 

recovery  by  minor  for,  486c. 

recovery  for,  172. 

recovery  for,  in  action  for  personal  injury,  484. 
DISGRACE,  compensation  for,  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  638. 

of  expulsion  from  theatre,  compensation  for,  8736. 

recovery  for,  in  action  for  false  imprisonment,  462. 

d.  for  sense  of,  in  action  for  seduction,  473. 

may  be  shown  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  6386. 
DISHONOR,  compensation  for,  in  action  for  seduction,  473. 

d.  for  sense  of,  in  action  for  seduction,  473. 


INDEX  3177 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DISHONOR— Conimued. 

recovery  for,  in  action  for  criminal  conversation,  478. 
DISOBEDIENCE  to  injunction,  effect  of,  in  action  on  bond,  685. 
DISPATCH,  telegraphic.    See  Telegraph  Company. 
DISPOSITION  to  labor,  of  deceased,  in  actions  for  death,  574o. 
DISPROPORTIONATE,  liquidated  d.  must  not  be,  407. 
DISREPAIR  of  premises,  value  affected  by,  999e. 
DISSEIZOR,  recovery  of  rents  and  profits  against,  91. 

DISSOLUTE  conduct,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
DISSOLUTION,  of  attachment  or  injunction,  value  of  time  spent  in  securing, 
226i. 

of  injunction,  damages  on,  12866. 

of  injunction,  d.  on  appeal  from  order  of,  685. 
DISTILLERY,  profits  which  would  have  been  made  by  erection  of,  186. 
DISTINCT  torts,  85c. 
DISTINCTION  between  general  and  special  benefits  not  at  first  made,  1132. 

between  general  and  special  damage,  1123  n.,  98. 

between  meanings  of  "consequential  damages,"  1113  n. 

between  permissive  and  compulsory  powers,  1089,  1111. 

between  private  and  pubhc  injury,  1123. 
DISTRAINT,  cannot  include  interest,  307. 

d.  against  landlord  for  illegal,  990a. 

d.  for  illegal,  943,  944. 

exemplary  d.  for  wrongful,  373a. 

illegal,  nominal  d.,  100, 

interest  not  included  in  amount  of,  307. 

of  cattle,  right  of,  946. 

recoupment  in  case  of,  1057. 

for  rent,  recovery  in  proceeding  for,  1057. 
DISTRESS,  excessive,  100. 

illegal,  measure  of  d.  for,  61. 

mental,  47. 

of  mind,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  6386. 

of  rescued  property,  as  affecting  amount  of  salvage,  599c. 

when  fright  or  terror,  43o. 
DISTRIBUTE,  recovery  on  bond  of  executor  or  administrator  for  failure  to,  692^. 
DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA,  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
DITCH,  avoidance  of  loss  by  construction  of,  226  n. 

construction  of,  1164. 

d.  for  digging,  939, 

d.  for  enjoining  use  of,  685c. 

d.  on  breach  of  covenant  to  dig,  993. 

avoidable  consequences  of  digging,  214. 

digging  of,  1165. 
DIVERSION,  of  stream  of  water,  1107. 

of  traffic  from  ferry,  1098. 

of  water,  avoidable  consequences  of,  2146. 

of  water,  d.  for,  99  n.,  100,  941. 
DIVERSITY  in  rules  governing  benefits,  causes  of,  1130a. 
DIVERTING  water,  interest  in  action  for,  316. 


3178  moEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DIVIDEND  in  insolvency,  interest  on,  311/. 

recovery  of,  in  replevin  for  stock,  539. 

interest  on,  payable  to  lunatic,  302. 
DIVISIBLE  CONTRACT,  636ff. 
DIVISION  OF  LOSS  in  admiralty,  587,  599. 

in  case  of  personal  injury,  599. 
DIVISION  OF  PATRONAGE,  allowance  for,  1150. 
DIVISION  OF  PROPERTY,  d.  for,  1164,  1165. 

inconvenience  from,  1163. 
DIVORCE,  liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  give  no  cause  for,  415. 
DOCK,  deposit  of  filth  on,  1112. 

destruction  of,  1094. 
DOCK  PURPOSES,  lots  available  for,  1171,  1171b. 
DOCKET,  SOLICITOR'S,  value  of,  261. 
DOCTOR'S  BILLS,  1166d. 
DOCUMENT,  value  of,  261. 
DOG,  exemplary  d.  for  allowing  to  go  at  large,  368. 

exemplary  d.  for  bite  of,  377a,  n. 

furious,  exemplary  d.  for  allowing  to  run  at  large,  368. 

nominal  d.  for,  107o,  n. 

recoupment  in  action  for  killing,  1044. 

recovery  for  fear  of  results  of  possible  madness  of,  47. 

shooting  of,  too  remote  for  fright,  43/,  n. 

See  Animals. 
DOGS,  jointly  doing  damage,  owners  liability  for,  36a. 
DOLLARS,  269. 
DOLUS,  in  the  Roman  law,  22. 

DOMESTIC  SERVANT,  d.  for  wrongful  discharge  of,  668. 
DOMESTIC  SERVICE,  breach  of  contract  for,  668. 
DOMMAGE-INTMSTS,  amount  of,  discretionary  with  judge,  26,  27. 
DOMMAGES  exemplaires,  359. 

rSels,  359. 
DOOR,  d.  for  openmg  of,  100. 
DOUBLE  DAMAGES  in  Washington,  where  tenant  holds  over,  999/. 

allegation  of,  1263. 

question  of,  for  jury,  1318a. 
DOUBLE  STANDARD  of  value,  269. 
DOWER,  abatement  of  purchase  money  for  failure  to  release,  1021. 

d.  for  incumbrance  by  outstanding,  976. 

d.  for  withholding,  921. 

d.  in  action  for,  921. 

d.  in  New  York,  921. 

d.  on  contract  to  convey  land,  for  failure  of  wife  to  release,  1016. 

d.  on  real  covenant  because  of  existence  of  right  of,  976. 

deforcement  of,  922  n. 

expense  of  extinguishing,  979. 

nominal  d.  for  withholding,  921. 

tenant  in,  liable  for  waste  in  New  York,  950. 

right  of,  in  improvements,  922. 

rule  of  d.  in,  921,  922. 


INDEX  3179 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

BOWER— Continued. 

unde  nihil  hdbet,  921. 

value  of  lands  aliened  by  husband,  how  measured  in  New  York,  921. 

when  heir  improves,  922. 

when  purchaser  improves,  922. 

where  land  has  appreciated  or  depreciated,  922. 

writ  of,  921. 
DRAFT,  agreement  to  return  or  pay  amount  of,  442. 

d.  against  agent  to  procure  acceptance  of,  819. 

d.  for  delay  in  delivery  of,  856a. 

d.  for  failure  to  accept  or  pay,  126c. 
to  collect,  813. 

expense  of  stopping  payment  of  false,  2266,  n 

See  Check. 
DRAIN,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  repair,  647c,  n. 

d.  for  negligently  obstructing,  948. 

d.  for  obstructing,  948. 

filling  up,  1166d. 

recovery  on  bond  of  commissioner  to  construct,  692. 
DRAINAGE,  obstruction  by  levee  to,  1166d. 
DRAINAGE  CANAL,  1149  n. 
DRAINING  of  marsh  is  special  benefit,  1130. 

of  well,  1119. 
DRAINS,  building  of,  outside  city  limits,  1110  w. 
DREDGES,  no  others  obtainable,  161. 
DRESS,  (d.  to,  in  cleaning,  6336,  n. 
DRUG,  warranted,  191. 

DRUNKARD,  d.  recoverable  by,  for  personal  injury,  485a. 
DRUNKENNESS  of  defendant  as  mitigation  of  d.  for  slander,  448. 
DUCKS,  value  of  land  for  raising,  252  n. 
DUE  CARE,  question  of,  1110. 

DURATION  of  life,  evidence  of,  in  action  for  death,  581,  1306. 
DURESS,  contract  broken  through,  602. 
DUST,  d.  by,  1165a,  1123  n. 

from  railroad  operation,  1120. 
DUTY,  increase  of,  1101. 

of  carrier  to  receive  and  protect  passenger,  859. 

of  discharged  servant  to  seek  other  employment,  667. 

of  plaintiff,  202. 

of  public  officer,  recovery  for  acts  outside,  692o. 

to  avoid  consequences  a  misapplication  of  term.  201. 

to  replace,  not  existent  in  legal  sense,  2286. 

to  seek  employment,  206. 
DUTY,  CUSTOMS,  whether  included  in  value  of  cargo,  714. 

liabiUty  of  custom  house  broker  for  increased,  832a. 

rights  of  agent  evading  payment  of,  834. 
DWELLING,  building  rented  for,  167 

railroad  near,  1168  n. 
DWELLING  HOUSE,  185. 


3180  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

DYE  WORKS,  valuation  of  land  for,  252  n. 

DYER  converting  goods,  allowed  to  deduct  value  of  labor,  499. 

EARLY  RULE  on  eminent  domain,  1115. 

on  eminent  domain,  in  Pennsylvania,  1120. 
EARN,  capacity  of  deceased  to,  in  actions  for  death,  574o. 
EARNING  CAPACITY  of  child,  recovery  for  diminution  of,  486c. 

of  deceased  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  580a. 

of  franchise,  \V7\d. 

of  married  woman,  recovery  for  impairment  of,  486. 

recovery  by  minor  for  loss  of,  4866. 

value  of,  172a. 
EARNING  POWER,  d.  for  loss  of,  in  action  against  carrier  of  passengers,  860. 

excessive  d.  for  impairment  of,  1354. 

loss  of,  by  personal  injury,  214o. 

of  money,  117  Id. 

of  plaintiff,  172a. 

partial  loss  of,  214a. 

permanent  loss  of,  86c. 
EARNINGS,  interrupted  by  injury,  180. 

loss  of,  173. 

net,  1171d. 

net,  evidence  of,  1173. 

of  parent,  recovery  for  loss  of,  by  death,  577. 

of  vessel,  compensation  for  loss  of,  by  collision,  593. 

of  vessel,  whether  recovery  for  loss  of,  in  admiralty,  593. 

previous  to  injury,  evidence  of,  in  actions  for  physical  injury,  485a. 
EARTH,  throwing,  on  land  outside  right  of  way,  1110  n. 
EASEMENT  of  access,  interference  with,  217. 

d.  for  failure  of  title  to,  975. 

d.  on  covenant  against  incumbrances  for  existence  of,  970. 

destruction  of,  1096. 

effect  of  existence  of,  on  value  of  land,  243c. 

in  street,  deprivation  of,  1123  n. 

in  street,  interference  with,  1123. 

infringement  of,  1165a. 

interference  with,  1096. 

of  access,  invasion  of,  1116,  1165a. 

acquisition  of,  1116. 

of  air,  invasion  of,  1115,  1116,  1165a. 

of  Ught,  mvasion  of,  944,  1115,  1116,  1165o. 

of  support  for  structure  on  defendant's  land,  93a. 

private,  acquisition  of,  11496. 

recovery  for  depreciation  caused  by,  970. 

takmg  of,  1107. 
EASEMENTS  IN  STREETS,  nature  of,  1187  et  seq. 
EAVES,  injury  to  landlord  by  water  discharged  from,  74. 

casting  water  on  adjacent  building,  93  n. 

projecting,  11666. 
EDICTUM  yEDILIUM,  954. 


INDEX  3181 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EDUCATION  of  plaintiff  enhances  value  of  his  services,  255. 

recovery  by  child  for  loss  of,  by  death  of  parent,  577. 
EFFECT  of  conformation  of  land  on  cost  of  bridge,  1171e. 
EGGS,  d.  for  furnishing  bad,  tl2b,  n. 

delay  in  deUvery  of  cases  for  packing  and  transporting,  152  n. 
EJECTION  from  premises,  avoidable  consequences  of,  218. 

from  premises,  verdict  for  wrongful,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 

from  railroad  train,  exemplary  d.  for,  372. 

of  passenger,  avoidance  of,  by  payment  of  additional  fare,  222. 

of  passenger  from  train,  212. 
EJECTMENT,  actual  d.  in,  when  title  expires  pending  action,  901. 

allowance  for  improvements  in,  903. 

compulsory,  diminution  in  value,  due  to,  1083. 

costs  of  suit  recoverable  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  920. 

d.  in,  901  et  seq. 

difference  between  bona  fides  and  mala  fides,  903. 

no  bar  to  action  for  mesne  profits,  902. 

nominal  d.  in,  901. 

under  the  Louisiana  code,  904. 
ELECTION  between  recoupment  and  cross-action,  1048. 

of  insurer  to  rebuild,  after  fire,  723. 

of  remedies  for  death,  571c. 

on  alternative  contract,  423. 

to  rebuild  by  insurance  company,  723. 

use  on  right  of,  169a. 
ELECTRIC  LIGHT  PLANT  causmg  injury  to  land,  95  n. 
ELECTRIC  POWER,  failure  to  furnish,  205  n. 
ELECTRICITY,  fire  caused  by  short  circuit,  whether  recoverable  on  policy,  723o. 

machinery  for  generating,  153., 
ELEMENT  OF  DAMAGE  annoyance  to  business  as,  1165. 

family  occupations  as,  1165. 

fire  as,  1165. 

noise  as,  1165. 

obstructions  of  view  as,  1165. 

smoke  as,  1165. 

soot  as,  1165. 

sparks  as,  1165. 
ELEMENTS  m  measure  of  d.,  1163. 

of  d.,  evidence  as  to,  1149. 

of  value,  1171. 
ELEVATED  RAILROAD,  construction  of,  on  street,  1121  n. 

d.  by,  1165a. 

noise  made  by,  11656,  n. 

on  abutting  street,  1117. 

statute  on,  1112o,  n. 

d.  for  occupation  of  streets  by,  1180-1211. 

See  Eminent  Domain,  N.  Y.  Statutes  of. 
ELEVATING  roadbed  of  raihoad,  1109  n. 
ELEVATION,  of  railroad  roadbed,  1109  n. 

of  roadway  impairing  access,  1123. 


3182  INDEX       ' 

[References  axe  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ELEVATOR,  construction  of,  not  special  benefit,  1130  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  install,  607  n. 

value  of  land  for,  252  n. 
EMBANKMENT,  causing  nuisance,  95.  ^ 

erection  of,  by  defendant  on  own  land,  98. 

d.  for  cutting  through,  217. 

in  street,  11120,  n. 

on  land  subject  to  covenant,  1097. 

private,  93. 

prospective  d.  for  erection  of,  95. 

railroad,  1166d. 

raising  of,  1165. 

replacement  of  trestle  by,  1109,  1152. 

throwing  up  of,  92. 
EMBEZZLEMENT  by  clerk  of  court,  liability  on  bond  for,  692ft. 

by  officer  of  corporation,  recovery  on  bond  of,  694. 

liability  of  judge  for,  692^. 

of  money  wrongly  collected  by  public  officer,  692o. 

of  taxes  collected  by  sheriff,  692a. 
EMBROIDERIES,  evidence  of  profits  by  importer  of,  181n. 
EMINENT  DOMAIN. 
I. — General  Cases 

avoidable  consequences  in  cases  of,  217. 

land  owner  need  not  anticipate  taking  by,  224. 

interest  on  property  taken  by,  331a. 
time  from  which  it  runs,  331o. 

taking  of  land  by,  how  far  excuses  payment  of  rent,  999d. 

value  for  all  profitable  uses,  1085. 

value  for  special  purpose,  11716. 

value  of  past  use,  1195. 

what  is  a  "taking,"  1114. 

when  whole  estate  is  taken,  1155. 
11.^ — ^English  Rules 

d.  under  statutes,  1076. 

appropriation  of  private  property  for  public  use,  1077. 

English  statutes  and  decisions,  1078. 

lands  clauses  consolidation  act,  1079. 

measure  of  d.  where  lands  are  taken,  1080. 

compensation  must  be  for  value  to  owner,  1081. 

d.  subsequently  arising,  1082. 

good  will,  1083. 

nature  of  the  interest  taken,  1084. 

value  of  lands  for  all  profitable  uses,  1085. 

remote  d.  excluded,  1086. 

certainty,  1087. 

lands  injuriously  affected  where  no  land  is  taken,  1088. 

d.  must  result  from  act  made  lawful,  1089. 

must  be  such  as  would  have  been  actionable  but  for  statute,  1090. 

rule  of  general  application,  1091. 

limitations  of  the  rule,  1092. 


INDEX  3183 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EMINENT  DOMAIN— CoUwMed. 

access  to  public  thoroughfares,  navigable  rivers,  etc.,  1093. 

Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  v.  McCarthy,  1094. 

d.  to  access  must  be  proximate,  1095. 

Thesiger's  rule,  1096. 

d.  must  be  to  lands,  1097. 

no  compensation  for  d.  caused  by  user,  1098. 

land  taken  in  part — d.  for  severance,  1099. 

special  rules,  1100. 

d.  include  consequential  injury,  1101. 

d.  caused  by  user,  1102. 

benefits  under  the  English  statutes,  1103. 

avoidable  consequences,  1104. 

the  English  rules  of  interpretation  criticised,  1105. 

English  cases  referred  to,  1123. 

cited  in  Illinois,  1121. 

criticised,  1122. 

followed  in  Pennsylvania,  1120. 
III. — Statutes  of  Eminent  Domain  in  the  United  States 
difference  between  English  and  American  law,  1106. 
construction  of  constitutional  provisions,  1106. 
nature  of  the  right  of  eminent  domain,  1107. 
general  rule  of  public  liability,  1108. 
all  compensation  in  one  proceeding,  1109. 
unauthorized  acts — negligence,  1110. 

permissive,  compulsory,  discretionary  and  necessary  powers,  1111. 
the  rule  of  general  application,  1112. 
legislature  may  prescribe  more  favorable  rule,  1112a. 
consequential  d. — term  misused,  1113. 
what  is  a  "taking"  of  property,  1114. 
early  rule,  1115. 

second  rule — ^physical  interference  destroying  beneficial  use,  1116. 
third  rule — any  injury  a  taking  of  property,  1117. 
rules  under  new  constitutions,  1118. 
Massachusetts,  1119. 

English  rule  adopted  in  Pennsylvania,  1120. 
rule  in  Illinois,  1121. 
Alabama,  1122. 
other  states,  1123. 
d.  must  not  be  speculative,  1123a. 
general  conclusions,  1124. 
IV. — ^The  Allowance  op  Benefits 

the  allowance  of  benefits  in  general,  1125.  ' 

under  statutes,  1126. 

in  the  United  States,  1127. 

street  openings — ^the  taxing  power,  1128. 

general  benefits,  1129. 

special  benefits,  1130. 

causes  of  diversity  in  the  rules  governing  benefits,  1130a. 

state  constitutions— local  rules — special  statutes,  1131. 


3184  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EMINENT  T)OM.AlN— Continued. 

originally  no  distinction  between  general  and  special  benefits,  1132. 
new  constitutions — Alabama,  1133. 
Arkansas,  1134. 
California,  1135. 
Colorado,  1136. 
Georgia,  1137. 
Illinois,  1138. 
Kentucky,  1138a. 
Louisiana,  1139. 
Mississippi,  1139a. 
Missouri,  1140. 
Nebraska,  1141. 
North  Dakota,  1141a. 
Pennsylvania,  1142. 
Texas,  1143. 
Washington,  1143a. 
West  Virginia,  1144. 
other  states,  1145. 
old  constitutions — New  York,  1146. 
Massachusetts,  1147. 
other  states — general  conclusions,  1148. 
V. — General  Considerations  Affecting  the  Measure  of  Damages 

Under  Statutes  of  Eminent  Domain 
measure  of  d. — difference  in  value — ^prospective  estimate,  1149. 
theory  of  a  prospective  measure  of  d.,  1149a. 
nominal  d.,  11496. 

principle  one  of  compensation,  1150. 
time  at  which  d.  are  measured,  1151. 
new  d.  from  change  in  construction,  1152. 
additional  burden,  1152a. 
d.  from  other  causes  excluded,  1153. 
entire  tract,  1154. 

interest  giving  title  to  compensation,  1154a. 
d.  in  gross — individual  interests  consolidated,  11546. 
effect  of  transfer  of  title  on  right  to  compensation,  1154c. 
measure  of  d.  where  fee  is  taken,  1155. 
where  interest  less  than  fee  is  taken,  1156. 
leasehold  interest,  1157. 
fee  subject  to  restrictions,  1158. 
unlawful  entry — new  proceedings,  1159. 
discontinuance  and  abandonment,  1160. 
reduction  of  d.,  1160a. 

hypothetical  reduction  of  d.  not  allowed,  1161. 
VI. — The  Elements  of  Compensation  in  Proceedings  Under  Statutes 

OF  Eminent  Domain 
enhanced  value,  1162. 

elements  entering  into  the  measure  of  d.,  1163. 
general  nature  of  inquiry,  1164. 
elements  of  d.,  1165. 


INDEX  3185 

tReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EMINENT  DOMAIN— Conimwed. 

easements  of  light,  air  and  access;  smoke,  noise,  etc.;  special d.,  1165a. 
condition  of  property  as  left,  11656. 
risk  and  danger  in  general,  1165c 
risk  of  fire,  1166. 

costs  and  expenses  of  landowner,  1166a. 
projections  in  streets,  11666. 
mines,  quarries  and  oil  wells,  1166c. 
sewage  and  surf  ace  water,  1166d. 
trees,  1166e. 

fences,  crossings  and  cattle  guards,  1167. 
buildings,  fixtures  and  improvements,  1168. 
injuries  to  business:  personal  property,  1169. 
conflict  in  the  cases,  1170. 
elements  of  value,  1171. 
value  for  all  legitimate  purposes,  1171a. 
value  for  special  purpose,  11716. 
value  of  a  homestead,  1171c. 
franchises,  1171d. 

value  for  purpose  for  which  condemned,  1171e. 
possibility  of  procuring  other  land,  1172. 
avoidable  consequences;  reinstatement,  1172o. 
bridges,  ferries  and  turnpikes,  1173. 
value  as  affected  by  previous  entry,  1174. 
original  entry  unlawful,  1175. 
value  as  enhanced,  when  allowed,  1176. 
entry  by  consent,  1177. 
value  enhanced  by  private  road,  1178. 
evidence,  1179. 
interest,  1179a. 
VII. — Damages  Under  the  New  York  Statutes  of  Eminent  Domain. 
The  Elevated  Railroad  Decisions 
introductory,  1180. 
constitution  and  statutes,  1181. 

general  principles  established  by  early  dtecisions,  1182l 
use  of  street  by  horse  railroads,  1183.  . 
by  steam  railroads,  1184. 
the  measure  of  d.,  1185. 
conflict  in  the  cases,  1186. 
elevated  railway  cases,  1187. 
d.  from  operation  of  road,  1188. 
alternative  rule  of  d.,  1189. 
general  rule  finally  adopted,  1190. 
right  to  recover  for  noise,  etc.,  1191. 
exemplary  d.  not  allowed,  1192. 
scope  of  the  decisions  finally  announced,  1193. 
ownership  in  the  street,  1194. 
recovery  at  law  limited  to  past  d.,  1195. 
results  of  the  cases,  1196. 
rule  of  d.  as  affected  by  benefits,  1197. 

200 


3186  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EMINENT  DOMAIN— Conimued. 

construction  of  the  benefit  statutes,  1198. 
results  of  the  decisions  as  to  benefits,  1198a. 
rationale  of  the  decisions  as  to  benefits,  11986. 
avoidable  consequences,  1199. 

right  of  action  not  dependent  on  time  when  title  acquired,  1200. 
different  interests,  1201. 

past  and  future  claims  not  merged  by  assignment,  1202. 
rental  value  the  rule,  though  plaintiff  occupies  premises,  1203. 
suitableness  of  property  for  business,  1204. 
loss  of  profits — falling  off  of  trade — certainty,  1205. 
risk  of  fire,  1205a. 

effect  of  transfer  of  title  on  right  to  compensation,  12056. 
entirety,  1205c. 

judgment  generally  a  bar  to  further  actions,  1206. 
form  of  judgment — ^protection  of  mortgagees,  1207. 
evidence,  1208. 

condemnation  proceedings,  1209. 
in  the  Federal  courts,  1210. 
general  conclusions,  1211. 
VIII. — Provisions  in  Particular  States 
Alabama,  1122,  1133. 
Arkansas,  1123,  1134. 
California,  1123,  1135. 
Colorado,  1123,  1136. 
Connecticut,  1148. 
Delaware,  1148. 
Georgia,  1123,  1137. 
Idaho,  1145. 
Illinois,  1121,  1138. 
Indiana,  1148. 
Iowa,  1148. 
Kansas,  1148. 
Kentucky,  1123,  1138o. 
Louisiana,  1123,  1139. 
Maine,  1148. 
Maryland,  1148. 
Massachusetts,  1119,  1147. 
Minnesota,  1145,  1148. 
Mississippi,  1139o. 
Missouri,  1123,  1140. 
Montana,  1123,  1145. 
Nebraska,  1123,  1141. 
Nevada,  1148. 
New  Hampshire,  1148. 
New  Jersey,  1148. 
New  York,  1146,  1180-1211. 
North  Carolina,  1148. 
North  Dakota,  1141a. 
Ohio,  1148. 


INDEX  3187 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EMINENT  I>OMAm— Continued. 

Oklahoma,  1123. 

Oregon,  1148. 

Pennsylvania,  1120,  1142. 

Rhode  Island,  1145,  1148. 

South  Carolina,  1148. 

South  Dakota,  1145. 

Tennessee,  1148. 

Texas,ir43.'  ' 

Vermont,  1148. 

Virginia,  1148. 

Washington,  1143a. 

West  Virginia,  1144. 

Wisconsin,  1148. 

Wyoming,  1145.  - 
EMPIRE,  changes  wrought  .by  the,  1314. 
EMPLOYMENT,  benefit  of  contract  of,  lost  by  plaintiff,  1076. 

chance  of  obtaining,  200. 

compensation  after  expiration  of  term  of,  664. 

conjectural  loss  of,  by  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  888. 

contract  of,  is  entire,  85. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  of,'  607o. 

duty  to  seek,  206,  207,  213,  667.  . 

does  not  arise  in  all  contracts,  208. 

expense  of  obtaining  after  discharge,  226d,  675. 

loss  of,  from  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  881. 

of  a  different  kind,  207. 

offer  of,  after  wrongful  discharge,  222. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  false  imprisonment,  461. 

services  outside  scope  of,  673e..  ■    - 

terminable  on  notice,  breach  of  contract  of,  668. 

for  hfe,  breach  of  contract  of,  666. 

duty  to  seek  other,  205. 

See  Service,  Contbagt  op. 
ENCROACHING  on  land,  1123  n.,  102. 
ENCROACHMENT  on  lode,  1123  n-,  US. 
ENDORSEMENT,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  775. 

liability  to  cost  Of  suit,  605. 

necessary  for  recovery  of  cost  of  protest,  701. 

recovery  of  d.  by,  against  maker,  706. 
ENGAGEMENT,  length  and  publicity  of,  may  be  shown  in  breach  of  promise  of 
marriage,  638&. 

length  of,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  639a. 

previous,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
ENGINE,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  fitness  of,  767. 

for  carrying  on  business,  wrongfully  disabled,  182  n. 

value  of,  in  sUli,  254o. 

warranty  of,  767. 
ENGINEER,  injury  to,  180. 

imskilled,  learning  profession,  180o. 


3188  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ENGLAND,  doctrine  of,  for  fraud  in  sale  of  goods,  778. 

doctrine  of  one  third  new  for  old  does  not  apply  on  first  voyage,  715. 

early  rule  in,  for  recoupment,  1036. 

modem  rule,  1030. 

history  of  allowance  of  interest  in,  283  et  seq. 
of  doctrine  of  liquidated  d.  in,  394/  el  seq. 

law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  508. 

power  of  court  of  equity  to  award  d.  in,  12566. 

recovery  of  higher  intermediate  value  of  goods  sold,  745. 

rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  warranty,  962. 
'     rule  of  d.  in,  for  breach  of  contract  to  convey  land,  1002  et  seq. 

rule  of,  for  d.  for  severance  from  freehold,  501. 

special  rules  on  compensation  in,  1100. 

workman's  compensation  act  in,  675o. 
ENGLISH  law  on  eminent  domain,  difference  between,  and  American  law,  1106. 

cases,  on  eminent  domain,  referred  to,  1123. 

rule,  judicial  objection  to,  1105. 

decisions,  on  eminent  domain,  cited  in  Illinois,  1121. 

rule  on  eminent  domain,  application  of,  in  Pennsylvania,  criticised,  1122. 
criticised,  1122. 
in  Pennsylvania,  1120. 

statutes  and  decisions  on  eminent  domain,  1078. 

statutes,  benefits  under,  1103. 
ENHANCED  VALUE,  1162. 

compensation  based  on,  1174. 

when  allowed,  1176. 
ENHANCEMENT,  general,  1162. 

of  market  value,  1171. 

of  value  by  private  road,  1178. 
ENJOYMENT,  taking  of  beneficial,  1114. 

of  life,  d.  for  loss  of,  485. 

infringement  of  personal,  1123. 

of  property,  deprivation  of,  1121. 
ENLARGEMENT,  of  brickyard,  preventing  of,  11656. 
ENRICHMENT  of  land  by  sediment  from  river,  11716. 
ENTERPRISE  of  salvor  as  affecting  amount  of  salvage,  599c. 
ENTERTAINMENT,  action  by  plaintiff  for  loss  of,  170. 

premises  let  from  time  to  time  for,  182o. 
ENTICEMENT  OF  SERVANT,  469. 

d.  for,  449. 

exemplary  d.  for,  376. 
ENTIRE  contract  price,  when  recoverable,  612. 
ENTIRE  CONTRACTS,  636?. 
ENTIRE  DAMAGES,  1164. 

cause  of  action  cannot  be  split,  836. 

all  d.  for  an  injury  must  be  recovered  in  a  single  action,  84. 

joinder  of  similar  causes  in  a  single  suit,  84o. 

for  breach  of  contract,  85. 

separate  contracts,  85a. 


INDEX  3189 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ENTIRE  DAMAGES— Coretmwed 

for  a  tort,  856. 

distinct  torts,  85c. 

for  causing  land  to  fall,  93a. 

for  trespass  to  lands,  924a. 

when  assessed  by  jury,  1276. 
ENTIRE  LOSS,  cases  not  falling  within  the  rule,  178. 
ENTIRE  TRACT,  injury  to,  by  taking  of  rights  of  highway  in  New  York,  1205c. 

d.  to,  recoverable  in  eminent  domain  prooeedii^,  1164. 

several  buUdings  may  form,  in  eminent  domain  proceedings,  1205c. 

what  constitutes,  1154.    See  Eminent  Domain. 
ENTRY  by  consent,  1177. 

exemplary  d.  for  forcible,  373. 

made  in  good  faith,  1175. 

of  landlord  on  demised  premises,  d.  for  illegal,  9906. 

original,  unlawful,  1175. 

previous,  value  as  affected  by,  1174. 

time  of,  1151. 

tortious,  1173. 

imder  conveyance  from  mortgagor  in  possession,  1175. 

unlawful,  to  construct  reservoir,  1175. 

without  making  compensation,  1151. 

writ  of,  substitute  for  ejectment  in  New  Ekigland,  899  n. 
EQUITABLE  SET-OFF,  1032. 
EQUITY,  remedies  given  by,  3. 

does  not  usually  award  pecuniary  d.,  3. 

allowance  of  d.  by  a  court  of,  1256a. 

power  of  English  court  of  to  award  d.,  12566. 

d.  as  incidental  relief,  1256c. 

d.  on  failure  to  obtain  equitable  rdief,  1256(2. 

no  d.  where  plaintiff  should  not  have  sued  in,  1256e. 

d.  granted  for  the  protection  of  the  defendant,  1256/. 

taking  of  an  account,  1256$. 

d.  against  a  trustee  for  breach  of  trust,  125&h. 

time  to  which  d.  are  assessed,  1256t. 

d.  assessed  on  legal  principles,  1256?. 

interest  in,  1256A;. 

abatement  of  purchase  money  for  land  in,  1021a. 

accounting  for  profits  of  infringing  in,  1242. 

burden  of  proof  in,  1243. 

d.  allowed  by,  in  suit  for  failure  to  convey  land,  1021. 

doctrine  of  set-off  in,  1032. 

exemplary  d.  not  given  in,  371. 

liability  of  commissioner  in,  on  official  bond,  692^. 

license  fees  in,  1225. 

profits  in,  1230-1232. 

may  proceed  quia  timet,  96a. 

may  reform  or  avoid  an  imconscionable  agreement,  606c. 

recovery  of  counsel  fees  in,  235a. 

rule  in  patent  suits.    See  Patents. 


3190  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EQUITY  OF  REDEMPTION,  agreement  to  pay  mortgage  by  grantee  of,  789. 
EQUIVALENT,  of  pain,  pecuniary,  41. 
ERECTION  of  bridge,  injuries  to  ferries  by,  1173. 

of  county  bridge,  1120. 

of  fire  engine  house,  1123  n. 

of  mill  dam,  d.  from,  1151  n. 

of  public  schoolhouse,  1177. 
ERROR  by  telegraph  company,  in  transmitting  conditions  of  sale,  886. 

in  awarding  d.,  arrest  of  judgment  for,  1277. 

in  charge  to  jury,  1321. 

in  instructions  to  jury,  1321. 

in  transmitting  telegram,  d.  for,  884-886. 
recovery  for  consequences  of,  884. 

of  telegraph  company  in  transmitting  price,  885. 

interest  in,  336. 
ESCAPE,  action  against  pubUc  officer  for,  644,  546,  552-554. 

d.  for,  547. 

d.  on  sheriff's  bond  for,  692i. 

expense  of  litigation  recoverable  by  sheriff  in  action  for,  241. 

from  arrest  on  execution,  d.  for,  552. 

from  arrest  on  mesne  process,  554a. 

of  gas,  danger  of,  1166c. 

of  surface  water  prevented,  1116  n. 
ESSENTIAL  BENEFITS,  whether  allowance  will  be  made  for,  1130. 
ESTABLISHED  BUSINESS,  189. 

what  is,  1087. 

from  which  plaintiff  expected  profits,  182. 

profits  of,  182. 
ESTABLISHED  STREET,  closmg  of,  1123. 
ESTABLISHMENT  of  new  centre  of  population,  is  new  benefit,  1129. 

of  street  across  railroad,  1152a. 
ESTATE,  interest  due  to,  3116. 

of  deceased,  Uable  for  interest,  340a. 

of  infant,  chargeable  with  medical  expenses,  226/. 
ESTIMATE  of  injury,  1162. 

of  value,  1085. 
ESTOPPEL  as  to  value,  1301. 

d.  how  affected  by  acquisition  of  title  by,  977. 

by  deed,  doctrine  of,  977. 

d.  in  action  on  negotiable  paper,  affected  by,  708. 

liquidation  of  d.  by,  1301. 

to  deny  signature  of  note,  708. 

to  diminish  value  of  one's  own  note  or  bond,  277. 
ESTREPEMENT,  action  of,  950. 

writ  of,  900. 
ETHELBERT,  earliest  Anglo-Saxon  laws  of,  9. 
EVASION  OF  USURY  LAWS,  stipulation  for,  420. 
EVICTION,  compulsory,  d.  from,  1080. 

constructive,  956. 

d.  for  total,  on  covenant  against  incumbrances,  969. 


INDEX  3191 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EVICTION— CfmiiriMed. 

from  leased  premises,  d.  for,  988. 

from  part  of  land,  975. 

gives  right  of  action  on  covenant  of  warranty,  956, 

offer  of  other  premises  after,  222. 

recoupment  for  rents  and  profits  after,  1054. 

recovery  for,  in  action  for  breach  of  covenant  against  incumbrances,  968. 

wrongful,  d.  for,  188. 
EVIDENCE.    See  Witness. 

admissibility  of,  1179. 

aggravation  or  mitigation  matters  of,  52. 

admission  of,  11656. 

as  to  business,  1169,  1304. 

as  to  elements  of  d.,  1149. 

as  to  profits,  1169. 

in  actions  for  death,  680. 

of  auction  sale,  as  proving  value  of  land,  1023. 

of  character  and  capacity  of  deceased  in  action  for  death,  S80a. 

of  cost  of  improvement,  1171e. 

of  d.,  how  far  necessary,  1322. 

of  family  circumstances,  580. 

of  materials  in  buildings,  1168  n. 

of  net  earnings,  1173. 

of  past  d.,  1109  n. 

of  price  paid  for  land,  1149  n. 

of  probable  length  of  life,  485,  581,  636i,  1306. 

of  profits,  1169. 

of  rental  value,  1171a. 

of  sales  at  auction,  1179. 

of  value,  market  value  as  best,  242. 

of  value  of  guano,  596. 

of  value,  price  as,  766,  777. 

of  value  of  vessel,  595. 

mode  of  proof,  1287. 

exceptions  to  common-law  rule  excluding  testimony  of  party,  1288. 

abrogation  of  common-law  rule,  1289. 

witness  to  testify  to  facts,  not  opinions,  1290. 

of  experts,  1291. 

confined  to  matters  of  art  and  skill,  1292. 

opinions  as  to  quantum  of  d.,  1293. 

of  value — opinions  of  value,  1294. 

of  value  of  lands  and  leases,  1295. 

of  chattels — opinions  of  value,  1296. 

of  market  value,  1297. 

of  sales,  1298. 

offers — ^price-lists — quotations — appraisals,  1299. 

presumption  against  defendant,  1300. 

estoppel,  1301. 

value  of  construction,  1302. 
of  services,  1303. 


5192  INDEX 

[iReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EVIDENCE— Coniinwed. 

of  other  value,  1304. 

of  malice  or  intention — appraisals,  1305. 

of  the  duration  of  life,  1306. 

of  pain,  1307. 

of  a  former  verdict,  1308. 

physical  examination,  1309. 

approximate,  1310. 

d.  imported  from  the  circumstances,  1310o. 
EX  POST  FACTO  wisdom,  221. 
EXAMINATION  by  physiciahs,  1309. 

physical,  1309. 

See  Physical  Examination. 
EXCAVATION,  by  owner,  not  a  tort,  93a. 

d.  for,  939. 

d.  for,  after  suit  brought,  91,  92. 

d.  on  land  of  defendant  caused  by,  925. 

'measure  of  d.  'for  making,  939. 

not  the  wrongful  act,  in  action  for  loss  of  support  of  land,  925. 

in  distant  street,  1123. 

in  street,  destruction  of  access  by,  1123. 
EXCESSIVE  DAMAGES,  ch.  Iviii. 

power  of  court  to  set  aside  verdicts  as  excessive,  1325. 

what  d.  are  excessive,  1326. 

successive  verdicts,  1327. 

cases  in  which  the  court  will  act,  1328. 

practice,  1329. 

remission  of  the  excess,  1330. 

when  a  remittitur  will  be  entered,  1331. 

action  of  appellate  courts  on,  1332. 

what  amount  is  excessive,  1333. 

for  pecuniary  loss,  1334. 

for  defamation,  1335. 

for  false  imprisonment,  1336. 

for  malicious  prosecution,  1337. 

for  alienation  of  affections,  1338. 

for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  1339. 

for  seduction,  1340. 

against  telegraph  companies,  1341. 

against  carriers,  1342. 

for  other  malicious  torts,  or  wrongs  causing  mental  suffering,  1343. 

exemplary  d.,  1344. 

for  assault  and  battery,  1345. 

for  physical  injury;  doubtful  physical  consequences,  1346. 

for  sUght  or  temporary  injury,  1347. 

for  broken  boUes:  bones  of  leg  and  hip,  1348. 
arm  or  shoulder,  1349. 
the  trunk,  1350. 
the  head,  1351. 
for  surgical  operation,  1352. 


INDEX  3193 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EXCESSIVE  DAMAGES— Continued, 
for  pain  and  suffering,  1353. 
for  permanent  injuries:  disability  to  labor,  1354. 
for  permanent  crippling,  1355. 
for  loss  of  a  member;  leg  or  foot,  1356. 

arm,  hand  or  finger,  1357. 
for  disfigurement,  1358. 
for  impairment  of  sight  or  hearing,  1359. 
for  nervous  disorders,  1360. 
for  insanity  and  loss  of  mental  power,  136U 
for  shortening  of  life,  1362. 
for  other  permanent  injuries,  1363. 
doubt  as  to  permanence  of  injury,  1364. 
for  loss  of  service,  1365. 
upon  civil  damage  act,  1366. 
for  death,  582,  1367. 
for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  637. 

verdict  for  exemplary  d.  may  be  set  aside  if  grossly  excessive,  388. 
EXCESSIVE  VERDICT,  one  greatly  exceeding  average  is,  1333. 
weight  of  precedent  on  question  of,  1333. 
where  excessive  part  can  be  separated,  1331. 
EXCHANGE  liquidated  d.  for,  1020. 

of  chattels,  breach  of  agreement  for,  734. 
of  horses,  recoupment  in  action  for  fraud  in,  1044. 
of  labor  or  property,  breach  of  contract  for,  621. 
of  land,  d.  on  breach  of  contract  for,  1010,  1012,  1012  n.,  1020. 
liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  contract  for,  400,  417,  1012. 
d.  for  breach  of  covenant  of  seisin  upon,  966. 
d.  for  breach  of  warranty  on,  965. 
d.  for  failure  by  one  party  to  convey,  1010. 
d.  for  fraud  in,  1029. 
of  property,  breach  of  warranty  in  case  of,  762. 
recoupment  in  contract  for  breach  of,  1071. 
recoupment  in  case  of,  1071. 
rate  of,  how  fixed,  275. 
value  of,  275. 
EXCHEQUER  formerly  part  of  Aula  Regis,  18. 

EXCITED  FEELINGS  OF  PLAINTIFF  not  be  satisfied  by  exemplary  d.,  388. 
EXCLUSION  of  benefits,  in  Iowa,  1152. 
of  consequential  d.,  1170. 
from  office,  d.  for,  40,  569. 
EXCLUSIVE  AGENCY,  contract  for,  633. 

recoupment  on  breach  of  contract  for,  1061. 
EXCLUSIVE  TERRITORY,  d.  fcfr  invasion  of,  1246o. 

d.  of  agent  deprived  of,  834d. 
EXCURSION  TRAIN,  contract  to  furnish,  194. 
EXCUSE  by  act  of  God,  655c. 
EXECUTED  CONTRACT,  recovery  upon,  611. 
EXECUTION,  d.  for  injunction  against  enforcement  of,  685ff. 
d.  for  escape  from  arrest  on,  652. 


3194  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
EXECUTION— Confenued. 

d.  for  sale  on  void,  494. 

d.  on  slieriff'sbond  for  failure  to  levy,  692i. 

d.  for  wrongful  levy  on,  565. 

illegal  sale  on,  568. 

injunction  against  sale  on,  &85h. 

legal  seizure  on,  followed  by  informal  sale,  61. 

levy  of,  after  destruction  by  fire,  725. 

liability  of  judge  for  failure  to  issue,  6923. 

of  rightfully  seized  property,  wrongfully  sold,  61. 

of  judgment  on  bond,  676. 

purchaser  on,  recovers  for  mesne  profits  from  date  of  sheriff's  deed,  912. 

recovery  of  mesne  profits  by  purchaser  on,  912. 

seizure  on,  60. 
EXECUTOR,  d.  for  failure  to  file  inventory,  692/. 

de  son  tort  may  reduce  d.  by  shoving  payment  of  debts,  61. 

failure  of,  to  render  account,  107o,  n. 

gets  action  for  injury  to  land  before  death  of  testator,  836. 

liability  of  sureties  on  bond  of,  6926. 

may  recover  interest  on  advances  to  estate,  3116. 

not  liable  in  exemplary  d.,  362. 

recovery  by,  of  expense  of  accounting,  2416. 
of  medical  expenses  and  loss  of  time,  570a. 
of  mesne  profits,  913. 

recovery  on  bond  of,  692j. 

interest  payable  by,  311a,  3116. 
EXEMPLARY  DAMAGES,  30  n.,  347  et  seq. 
I. — Geneeal  Principles 

meaning  of  the  term,  347. 

vindictive,  punitory,  or  punitive  d.  and  smart  money  synonymous  with, 
347  n. 

distinction  between,  and  punitory  d.  not  well  taken,  347  n. 

origin  of  the  doctrine,  348. 

original  position  of  the  jury  in  the  assessment  of,  349. 

evolution  of  theory  of,  350. 

history  of  doctrine  of,  in  America,  351. 

given  to  punish,  352. 

objections  to  the  doctrine  of,  353. 
by  Professor  Greenleaf,  353. 
by  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire,  353. 

rule  of,  established  by  authority  and  convenience,  354. 

in  other  systems  of  law,  355. 

in  the  Roman  and  civil  law,  355. 

in  the  Scotch  law,  355. 

not  the  same  as  d.  for  mental  suffering,  356. 

in  addition  to  compensatory  d.,  357. 

not  awarded  in  some  States,  358. 

in  some  States  based  on  compensation,  359. 

where  based  on  distinction  between  determinate  and  indeterminate  d., 
359. 


INDEX  3195 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EXEMPLARY  DAMAGES— Conimwed. 

generally  given  as  punishment,  360. 

not  allowed  without  actual  loss,  361. 

do  not  survive,  362. 

counsel  fees  whether  included  in,  234,  359. 

do  not  involve  a  consideration,  of  value,  242. 

for  injuries  which  are  crimes,  386. 

not  allowed  as  matter  of  law,  387. 

the  conflict  of  laws  as  to,  1380. 
II. — Under  What  CiRcttii'sTAN'CES  Allowed 

allowed  only  for  wilful,  wanton,  or  aggravated  wrong,  363. 

allowed  for  aggravating  circumstances,  363o. 

for  malice,  364. 

for  oppression,  brutality,  or  insult,  365. 

for  wantonness  of  injury,  366> 

for  fraud,  376. 

for  gross  negligence,  368. 

circumstances  preventing  the  allowance  of,  369. 
III. — In  What  Actions  Allowed 

in  what  actions  recoverable,  370. 

not  in  amicable  suits,  383. 
a.  Actions.soun,ding,in  contract: 

not  usually  recoverable  on  breach  of  contract,  603. 

for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  351,  370,  637a. 

in  actions  against  public  service  companies,  371a. 

for  failure  to  carry  passenger,  862  n. 

for  expulsion  frbin  railway  train,  365,  372,  383,  388,  865. 

against  sleeping  car  company,  873a. 

for  expulsion  from  theatre,  8736.  . 

against  telegraph  company,  896. 

in  detinue,  375. 

not  recoverable  on  official  bond,  692. 

on  statutory  bond,  370,  680. 

on  attachment  bond,  683. 

on  bond  to  indemnify  sheriff,  684o. 
6.  Actions  sounding  in  tort: 

may  be  awarded  in  action  of  tort,  370,  429. 

not  for  tort  committed  by  accident  or  mistake,  363. 

action  against  public  officer,  350,  351,  363,  365,  554,  564. 

assault,  350,  352,  372,.  384. 

conversion,  374. 

crim.  con.,  376. 

defamation,  377. 

enticement,  376. 

false  imprisonment,  352,  372. 

flowing  land,  373. 

harboring  wife  or  husband,  376. 

illegal  distraint,  990a. 

injury  to  personal  property,  351,  352,  373a. 

injury  to  real  estate,  373. 


3196  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n:  means  note.] 

EXEMPLARY  BAUAG^S— Continued. 
landlord  upon  tenant,  990. 
libel,  351,  352,  377,  383. 
loss  of  service,  376. 
malicious  arrest,  388. 
malicious  prosecution,  352,  372. 
personal  injury,  372. 
refusal  to  receive  vote,  562. 
seduction,  376,  474. 

trespass,  q.  c.  /.,  350,  361,  363,  373,  383,  384. 
trover,  374,  930. 
c.  Other  actions: 

in  admiralty,  352,  5996. 
under  the  Civil  Damage  Act,  12S4. 
for  violation  of  copyright,  12466. 
for  death,  584. 

on  dissolution  of  injunction,  3776. 
not  against  elevated  railroads,  1192. 
not  in  actions  for  eminent  domain  in  New  York,  1192. 
not  in  equity,  3  n.,  371. 
in  forcible  entry  and  detainer,  373. 
for  wrongful  sale  of  intoxicating  liquor,  359,  363,  387. 
in  replevin,  375. 
in  statutory  actions,  377o. 
IV. — Against  whom  Allowed 
against  officer,  564. 

ministerial  officer  acting  in  good  faith  not  liable  in,  436. 
against  sureties,  681o. 
against  judicial  officer,  3776. 
against  principal  for  act  of  agent  or  servant,  378. 
against  corporation  for  act  of  agent,  379. 

of  servant,  380. 
ratification  or  approval  by  master,  380a. 
against  municipal  corporation,  3806. 
for  act  of  ofiicer,  381. 

of  one  of  two  joint  defendants,  382. 
against  husband  for  wife's  act,  382. 
V. — ^Aggravation  and  Mitigation 
general  discussion,  383  et  seq. 
mitigation  of,  in  actions  for  defamation,  377. 

by  want  of  malice,  383. 

good  faith,  383a. 

advice  of  counsel,  3836. 

beUef  of  right:  mistake,  383c. 

provocation,  384. 
aggravation,  384a. 

d.   as   affected   by  the   pecuniary  condition   of  the   defendant,  385, 
490. 

of  the  plaintiff,  490. 

by  fine  paid  in  a  criminal  proceeding,  386. 


INDEX  3197 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EXEMPLARY  DAMAGES— Conimwed. 
VI. — Practice 

evidence  for,  51. 

need  not  generally  be  pleaded,  1263. 

when  should  be  pleaded,  1263. 

relations  of  court  and  jury  in  awarding,  387,  1318. 

instructions  to  jury  as  to,  387. 

direction  to  give,  erroneous,  1318. 

original  position  of  jury  in  assessment  of,  349. 

ajpount  of,  in  control  of  jury;  388,  1318. 

power  of  the  court  over  amount  of,  388. 

to  set  aside  as  excessive,  388,  1318,  1328. 

when  excessive,  1344. 
EXEMPT  from  execution,  seized  property,  60. 
EXEMPTIONS,  d.  on  bond  to  contest  claim  of,  mid. 
EXORBITANT  counsel  fees,  not  recoverable,  685»4. 
EXPECTANCY  OF  LIFE,  evidence  of,  171o,  n. 

of  deceased  to  be  considered  in  assessing  d.  for  death,  574o. 

of  plaintiff,  in  action  for  death,  574a. 

whether  material  in  action  for  death  of  adult  child,  576. 
EXPECTATION  of  pecuniary  benefit  must  be  reasonable,  574. 

of  valuable  services  from  child,  in  action  for  death,  must  be  reasonable, 
575. 
EXPENSE 

I. — Fob  What  Expenses  Recovekt  Mat  Be  Had 

of  abating  nuisance,  recovery  for,  948. 

of  arresting  principal,  806. 

of  attempt  to  avoid  loss.    »See  Expenses  of  Avoiding  Consequences. 

of  auction,  675. 

of  building  gates,  1165. 

of  caring  for  goods,  carrier  entitled  to,  852. 

of  carrying  on  suit  not  recoverable,  229. 

of  cattle  guards,  1152o. 

of  clearing  obstructed  stream,  941. 

of  collection,  deducted  from  profits  in  actions  for  mesne  profits,  909. 

of  cure,  recoverable  on  breach  of  warranty  of  chattel,  769;  772. 

of  curing  an  animal,  226d. 

of  curing  defects,  recoverable  for  breach  of  warranty,  772; 

of  defendant  in  obtaining  possession  recoverable  on  real  covenant,  982. 

of  defending  against  proceedings  to  take  property,  1166a. 

of  delay,  recovery  of,  by  passenger,  864; 

of  dissolution  of  attachment,  recoverable  on  attachment  bond,  682  n'. 

of  effort  to  avoid  loss  by  fire,  recoverable  on  policy,  723a. 

of  examining  title,  when  recoverable,  607. 

of  existing  business,  increase  in,  1152a. 

of  extinguishing  incumbrance,  must  be  reasonable,  980. 

of  father,  in  action  for  death  of  child,  575. 

of  ffences,  1152a,  1165. 

of  following  or  regaining  property,  226c,  437. 
interest  on,  316. 


3198  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.]' 

EXPENSE— Continued. 
of  gates,  1162a. 
of  gate  houses,  1152a. 
of  Ulness,  473,  948. 

of  laboring  for  safety  of  vessel,  recoverable  on  open  policy,  712. 
of  litigation.  \See  Expenses  of  Litigation:  Costs:  Counsel  Fees. 
of  improvements,  1017. 

of  keeping  goods  not  accepted  by  vendee,  757. 
of  medical  and  sutgibal  aid,  226/. 

of  medical  attendance  and  nursing,  226/.  , 

of  maintaining  crossing  gate  or  tower,  1152a. 
of  making  connection  with  new  sewer,  1166c2. 
of  moving  houses,  1151  n. 
of  obtaining  employment,  675. 
of  obtaining  loan,  when  recoverable,  622. 
of  obtaining  or  defending  possessions,  982. 
of  obtaining  release  from  imprisonment,  recovery  of,  463. 
of  passenger  retiiming  to  station,  864o. 
of  paving,  1152a. 

of  perfecting  title,  226e,  971,  979,  980. 
of  performing,  future,  636i. 
of  planking„  1152a. 
of  posts,  1152a. 
of  preparation  for  marriage,  recoverable  in  action  for  breach  of  promise 

of  marriage,  638c. 
of  preparation  to  use  land,  not  recoverable  for  failure  to  convey,  1022. 
of  preparing  for  conveyance,  recoverable  in  action  against  vendee,  1025. 
of  procuring  goods  in  place  of  those. not  delivered,  741. 
of  procuring  substitute,  226^. 

of  procuring  water  elsewhere,  on  injunction  bond,  685c. 
of  protest,  707. 
of  pursuing  property,  437. 
of  raising  vessel,  589. 
of  recovery  of  property,  58,  540. 
of  release  from  false  imprisonment,  463. 
■of  removal  to  enter  service,  607,  607o. 
of  removing  incumbrance,  968. 

property,  1169. 
of  repair  or  cure,  interest  on,  316. 
of  repairs,  226d,  226/,  838,  932,  991. 
of  repairs,  interest  on,  919. 
of  fescue  and  sale,  recoverable  on  fire  policy,  724. 
of  retaining  crew,  689. 
of  salvage,  on  insurance  policy,  712. 
of  salvage,  recoverable  in  admiralty,  589. 
of  search  for,  lost  goods  recoverable,  850. 
of  searching  for  abducted  child  recoverable,  469. 
of  searching  title  on  breach  of  contract  to  conyey  land,  1017. 
of  securing  discharge  from  arrest,  recovery  for,  on  bond,  686o. 
of  securing  surety  on  bond,  not  recoverable,  691c. 


INDEX  3199 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.} 

EXPENSE— Coretinited. 

of  sign-boards,  1152a. 

of  storing  and  insuring  goods  pending  injunction,  685A. 

of  testing  warranted  macliine,  recovery  of,  767. 

personal,  how  far  recoverable  on  injunction  bond,  685  n. 

possible,  of  cattle  guards  in  Illinois,  1167. 
II. — In  What  Actions  Recoverable 

in  admiralty,  235,  589. 

on  bail  bond,  806. 

on  bill  or  note,  705. 

against  carrier,  862. 

for  collision,  589,  592. 

on  contract  to  convey  land,  1017 

for  conversion,  494. 

on  covenant,  968. 

of  warranty  or  indemnity,  238. 
to  repair,  991. 

for  false  imprisonment,  463. 

for  injury  to  land,  932. 

for  malicious  attachment,  467. 

malicious  prosecution,  459. 

for  mesne  profits,  918,  920. 

for  nuisance,  948. 

in  patent  cases,  235. 

on  real  covenant,  979,  983. 

of  replevin,  540. 

for  seduction,  473. 

of  tort,  233. 

for  trespass  on  land,  932. 

on  warranty  of  chattel,  772,  773. 
III. — For  What  Causes  Recoverable 

by  fraud,  442. 

by  delay  in  construction,  642. 

by  detention  of  passenger,  862. 

by  breach  of  warranty,  773. 

by  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  881o. 
IV. — From  and  for  Whom  Recoverable 

from  carrier,  862. 

from  co-surety,  808. 

from  pretended  agent,  838. 

from  principal,  803-805. 

from  unauthorized  agent,  835,  837. 

from  undisclosed  principal,  238. 

by  agent,  238. 

by  landowner,  1166a. 

by  surety,  803-805. 

by  vendor  of  land,  1025. 
V. — General  Principles 

included  in  exemplary  d.,  234,  359. 

not  recoverable  if  unnecessary,  236,  804. 


3200  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

EXPENSE— ConimMed. 

liability  to  pay  enough  without  payment,  236. 

must  be  reasonable,  239. 

mesne  profits  reduced  by  payment  of,  909,  918.  ' 

after  suit.    See  Prospective  Damages. 
EXPENSES  of  family,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  680a,  n. 
EXPENSES  OF  AVOIDING  CONSEQUENCES,  2266  et  seq. 

of  non-delivery,  742. 

of  delay  in  carrying  passenger,  must  be  reasonable,  862. 

of  injury  to  land,  recoverable,  927. 

recoverable  though  d.  enhanced  thereby,  226a. 

of  following  and  recovering  property,  226c. 

of  repairing  or  redressing  the  injury,  226d. 

of  perfecting  title,  226e. 

of  medical  and  surgical  injury,  226/. 

of  procuring  a  substitute,  226g'. 

substitute  better  than  the  original  article,  226^. 

personal  efforts  to  avoid  loss,  226t. 

injury  suffered  in  attempt  to  avoid,  226y. 

only  reasonable  recoverable,  219,  226fc. 

reasonableness  of,  22QI. 

reasonableness  of  the  means  selected,  226m. 

repairs  not  worth  while,  226n. 

necessity  of  payment  before  recovery,  226o. 
EXPENSES  OF  LITIGATION,  ch.  xii. 

of  carrying  on  a  suit  not  compensated,  229. 

reason  of  the  rule,  230. 

civil  and  old  common  law,  231. 

rule  in  actions  of  contract,  232. 

general  rule  in  actions  of  tort,  233. 

in  cases  of  aggravation,  exemplary  d.,  234. 

patent  and  admiralty  cases,  235. 

other  actions,  235a. 

of  a  prior  litigation,  236. 

of  dissolving  injunction  or  discharging  attachment,  237. 

covenants  and  contracts  of  warranty  or  indemnity,  238. 

notice  of  prior  suit,  239. 

implied  warranty  of  authority,  239a. 

plaintiff  subjected  to  suit  through  defendant's  breach  of  contract,  240. 

plaintiff  subjected  to  suit  through  defendant's  tort,  241. 

incurred  in  other  forms  of  Utigation,  241a. 

in  action  for  malicious  prosecution  of  civil  suit,  468. 

not  recoverable  in  action  against  officer,  565a. 

caused  by  failure  to  abide  by  arbitration,  687. 

caused  by  taldng  insufficient  bond,  recoverable  on  sheriff's  bond,  692i. 

for  breach  of  warranty  of  title,  774. 

recovery  for,  on  contract  of  indemnity,  803. 
on  contract  to  satisfy  mortgage,  806. 
against  co-surety,  808. 

caused  by  failure  to  collect  note,  819. 


INDEX  3201 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.} 

EXPENSES  OF  LITIGATION— Continued. 

liability  of  unauthorized  agent  for,  835. 

when  recoverable  on  breach  of  contract  to  convey  land,  1017, 
EXPERT,  evidence  of  value  of  services,  664a. 

adjustinent  of  foss  by,  in  case  of  concurrent  insurance,  725. 

testimony  of,  1291. 

confined  to  matters  of  art  and  skill,  1292. 
EXPLOSION,  of  dynamite,  causing  fright,  4Sh,  n. 
EXPOSURE  caused  by  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  881&. 

d.  for  consequences  of,  867-871. 

in  reaching  destination  after  defendant's  wrong,  226j. 

of  passenger  to  weather,  212. 

recovery  for  consequences  of,  by  a  passenger,  867. 

to  injury  in  crossing  railroad,  11656. 

to  particular  injiiries,  1164. 

to  risk,  compensation  for,  866. 

to  weather,  recovery  for,  in  action  for  injury  to  land,  929. 
EXPRESS  company,  lapse  of  policy  through  negHgence  of,  212. 
EXPULSION,  of  passenger  from  station,  212. 

of  passenger  from  train,  d.  for  wrongful,  864. 

of  passenger  from  train,  d.  for,  865. 

risk  of  injury  from,  866. 

from  raih-oad  car.    See  Carrier  of  Passengers. 

from  sleeping  car,  d.  for,  873a. 

from  theatre,  d.  for,  8736. 

from  ferryboat,  causing  fright,  43/,  n. 
EXPULSION  FROM  RAILROAD  CAR,  avoidable  consequences  of,  865,  872. 

d.  for,  864  et  seq. 

exemplary  d.  for,  365,  372,  383,  865. 

exposure  caused  by,  867-871. 

fright  caused  by,  866. 

indignity  of,  866. 

natural  consequences  of,  867. 
EXTENSION  of  redress,  1119. 

EXTENSION  OF  TIME  TO  DEBTOR,  d.  on  breach  of  agreement  for,  626. 
EXTENTS,  against  sureties,  recovery  of  expenses  of  litigation  on,  805. 
EXTORTIONATE,  contract  may  be  set  aside  as,  606c. 
EXTRA-HAZARDOUS  occupatioa  of  deceased  may  be  shown  in  action  for 

death,  581. 
EXTRA  WORK,  compensation  for,  655. 

whether  gratuitous,  673d. 
EXTRAORDINARY  services,  673e. 
EXTRAVAGANT,  liquidated  d.  must  not  be,  407. 
EYE,  excessive  d.  for  loss  of,  1359. 

FACILITIES  of  warehouse,  11715. 

FACILITY  for  getting  to  market,  increase  of,  is  general  benefit,  1129. 
FACT,  questions  of,  decided  by  the  jury,  19. 

FACTOR,  recovery  of  higher  intermediate  value  in  action  against,  524. 
recovery  by,  against  principal,  78. 

201 


3202  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FACTOR— Continued. 

against  wrongdoer,  76. 

d.  for  wrongful  sale  by,  814. 

liability  of,  to  principal,  814,  833,  834. 

d.  against,  for  negligence  in  settling  amount  of  insiuance,  817. 
for  failure  to  remit  collections,  819. 

failure  by,  to  collect  purchase  money  notes,  819. 

d.  for  unauthorized  sale  by,  821. 

liability  of  sub-agent  to,  for  negligence,  833. 

recoupment  in  action  by,  1066. 
for  advances,  1070. 
FACTORY,  contract  to  erect,  194. 

entire  output  of,  199. 

recovery  for  breach  of  contract  to  maintain,  606a. 

shut  down  by  reason  of  defective  pipe,  212&,  n. 

value  of  land  for,  252  n. 

taking  of  strip  through,  1149  n. 

lots  available  for,  1171. 
FAILURE  of  officer  to  levy,  d.  for,  549. 

to  arrest,  d.  for,  551. 

to  attach,  d.  for,  550. 

to  build  crossing,  1167  n. 

to  comply  with  statute,  1110  n. 

to  return,  d.  for,  556. 

to  stop  train,  d.  for  separation  from  family,  43/,  n. 

to  stop,  causing  grief,  43/,  n. 
FAILURE  OF  CONSIDERATION,  652. 

partial,  is  defence  pro  tardo,  1040. 

doctrine  of  recoupment  whether  founded  on,  1040. 
FAILURE  OF  TITLE,  partial,  976. 
FAIR,  stand  leased  to  plaintiff  at,  183. 

breach  of  agreement  for  exclusive  space  for  candy  stand  at,  999. 
FAIR  GROUND,  breach  of  exclusive  right  of  sale  on,  632. 
FAITH,  entry  made  in  good,  1175.    See  Good  Faith. 
FALLING  of  a  brick  wall,  1164. 
FALSE  IMPRISONMENT.    See  Imprisonment. 

d.  for  mental  suffering  from,  43i. 

recovery  for  woimded  pride  caused  by,  47. 

trespass  for,  101. 

nominal  d.  for,  101. 

avoidable  consequences,  2266. 
by  payment  of  fine,  222. 

personal  injury  in  attempt  to  escape  from,  226/. 

reasonableness  of  expense  incurred  in  consequence  of,  226i 

expense  of  litigation  caused  by,  241. 

interest  not  allowed  in  actions  for,  316. 

exemplary  d.  for,  352,  372. 

mitigated  by  provocation,  384. 

d.  for,  461-466. 

(?.  for  loss  of  time,  461, 


INDEX  3203 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FALSE  IMPRISONMENT— ConfiJiMcd. 

for  physical  and  mental  suffering,  462. 

for  expense  of  securing  release,  463. 
from  remand,  464. 

consequential  d.  of,  464. 

aggravation  of  d.  for,  465. 

mitigation  of  d.  for,  466. 

d.  for,  not  recoverable  on  bond  for  arrest,  686a. 

recovery  on  bond  of  mayor  for,  693. 

verdict  for,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 

excessive  d.  for,  1336. 

inadequate  d.  for,  1370. 
FALSE  REPRESENTATIONS,    See  Fraud. 

expense  of  litigation  caused  by,  241. 

interest  in  action  for,  316. 

d.  for,  439. 

of  agent  as  to  land  bought,  829. 

in  sale  of  land,  1027. 

in  sale  of  goods,  recoupment  for,  1060. 

in  action  on  charter  party,  1063. 
FALSE  RETURN,  measure  of  d.  for,  657. 
FAME,  recovery  for  injury  to,  by  malicious  prosecution,  458. 
FAMILY,  mental  anguish  for  possibility  of  inconvenience  of,  433. 

fear  that  quarantine  would  cause  separation  from,  47  n, 

compensation  for  loss  of  society  of,  458. 
by  malicious  prosecution,  468. 

expense  of  removing,  607o. 

d.  for  illness  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 

danger  of  hurting  members  of,  1164. 
FAMILY  BIBLE,  value  of,  251a,  n. 

FAMILY  CIRCUMSTANCES,  evidence  of,  in  actions  for  death,  580. 
FAMILY  OCCUPATIONS,  interference  wila,  1165. 
FAMILY  PRIDE,  d.  for  injury  to,  480a. 
FAMILY  RELATIONS,  compensation  for  injury  to,  39,  48. 

in  action  for  seduction,  473. 

affecting  d.  for  defamation,  445. 
FARE,  illegal  demand  of,  by  carrier,  212. 

obligation  of  passenger  to  pay,  in  order  to  avoid  expulsion  from  train, 
222,  865. 

paid  to  avoid  expulsion  from  train,  may  be  recovered,  865. 
FARM,  products  of,  carried  to  market  by  means  of  river,  182. 

compensation  allowed  by  coiut  to  be  based  on  crop  of  leased,  191. 

contract  to  work  on  shares  for  five  years,  193. 

lease  of,  208. 

loss  by  purchase  of  stock  not  recoverable  in  action  for  failure  to  give  pos- 
session of,  6076. 

measure  of  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  furnish,  608. 

contract  to  lease,  608. 

agreement  to  work  on  shares,  624,  989. 


3204  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FARM — ContinvM. 

property  used  as,  regarded  as  entire  tract,  in  eminent  domain  proceedings, 
1154. 

d.  to,  1165. 

value  of,  11716. 

taken  under  Flowage  Act,  11716. 

d.  for  permanently  flooding  part  of,  1178. 

evidence  of  value  of  use  of,  1295. 
FARM  CROSSING,  breach  of  contract  to  build,  631. 

allowed  for,  1167. 

in  Kansas,  the  railroad  not  being  obliged  to  construct,  1167. 
FARM  LAND,  market  value  of,  1163. 

injury  to,  184. 

railroad  through,  1165a. 
FARM  PROPERTY,  185. 
FARMER,  d.  to  character  as,  153a,  n. 

cannot  in  general  recover  d.  for  loss  of  expected  profit,  191. 
FARMING,  value  of  land  for,  252  n. 
FATHER-IN-LAW,  d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  annoimcing  sickness  or 

death  of,  8946. 
FAULT,  division  of  loss  in  case  of  inscrutable,  587. 

mutual,  in  case  of  colliaon,  587. 

of  landlord,  as  excuse  for  rent,  999c. 
FEAR,  of  mental  distress,  for  possibility  of  deformed  child,  44. 
FEAR  OF  DEATH,  after  danger  removed,  no  recovery  for,  43/,  n. 

direct  result  of  injury,  subject  for  compensation,  44. 
FEDERAL  COURTS,  recovery  of  higher  intermediate  value  of  goods  sold,  745. 

counsel  fees  not  recoverable  in  action  on  injunction  bond,  685j. 

d.  in,  on  appeal  or  supersedeas  bonds,  688. 

rule  in,  for  d.  for  fraud  in  conveyance  of  land,  1029. 
FEE  in  existing  street,  taking  of,  1150. 

in  highway,  taking  of,  1119  n. 

measure  of  d.  for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  1155. 

owner  of  land  is  entitled  to  compensation  for  taking,  1154a. 

taking  of,  1084. 
FEE  SIMPLE,  taking  of,  1114. 
FEELINGS,  d.  for  injury  to,  by  malicious  prosecution,  458. 

d.  for  wounded,  in  action  for  seduction,  473. 

of  parties,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 

injury  to,  by  expulsion  of  passenger  from  train,  865. 

See  Mental  Suffering;  Pain. 
FEES  of  counsel,  1165.   See  Counsel  Fees. 
FELLOWSHIP,  of  wife,  right  of  husband  to,  48. 
FENCE,  failure  of  raih:oad  to,  84a. 

loss  by  defect  in,  when  remote,  125o. 

breach  of  obligation  to,  155. 

failure  to,  possibility  of  use  for  grazing,  170  n. 

avoidable  consequences  of  injury  to,  201,  202. 
of  destruction  of,  214c. 

of  plaintiff  broken  down,  201. 


INDEX  3205 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FENCE— Continued. 

breach  of  contract  to  maintain,  205 
to  keep  in  repair,  209. 

d.  for  improper  building,  2126. 

failure  to  erect,  2266. 

cost  of  rebuilding,  226d,  n. 

breach  of  covenant  to  erect,  recovery  of  cost  of  erecting,  226o. 

recovery  of  litigation  caused  by  failure  to  repair,  241. 

value  of,  531. 

breach  of  contract  to  build,  107o,  n.,  631. 

depreciation  in  value  of  material  for,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 

recovery  for  pulUng  down,  in  action  for  mesne  pipofits,  910. 

d.  for  destruction  of,  938. 

d.  on  covenant  to  build,  993. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  furnish  material  for,  999. 

recoupment  for  failure  by  landlord  to  furnish  lumber  for,  1057. 

injury  to,  1117  n. 

expense  of,  1152o. 

recoupment  in  action  for  rent  of,  1063. 

d.  from  throwing  down,  1164. 

liability  of  railroad  to,  1167. 
FENCING,  expense  of,  1152a. 

increased,  burden  of,  1163. 

costs  of,  1163,  1164,  1165. 

new,  1164. 

additional,  1167. 
FERRIAGE,  private  right  of,  1171a. 
FERRY,  boat  to,  194. 

mesne  profits  of,  908,  909. 

value  of  use  of,  908. 

d.  for  infringing  franchise  of,  944. 

covenant  to  maintain,  992. 

takmg  of,  1173. 

condemnation  of  land  used  as,  1173. 

injury  to,  by  erection  of  bridge',  1173. 

interference  with  access  to,  1096. 

diversion  of  traffic  from,  1098. 
FERRY  LANDING,  site  for,  11716. 
FERTILIZER,  breach  of  agreement  by  landlcH'd  to  furnish,  164. 

could  not  be  purt^ased  elsewhere,  191. 
FIDUCIARY,  interest  payable  by,  311a. 

agent  is,  824a. 

not  entitled  to  gain  through  breach  of  relation,  834f. 
FIFTH  AMENDMENT,  to  U.  S.  Constitution,  1107. 
FILING  location,  time  of,  1151. 

appraiser's  award,  date  of,  1151. 
FILLED  LAND,  taking  of,  1151. 
FILLING  street  to  old  grade,  1112a,  n. 

and  cutting  of  land,  1150. 

diain,  limd. 


3206  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FILTH,  percolating,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 

d.  for  accumulation  of,  948. 

d.  for  causing  to  flow  into  cellar,  948. 

deposit  of,  on  dock,  1112. 
FINANCIAL  OFFICER,  bond  of,  692/. 
FINDER  OF  PROPERTY,  recovery  by,  76. 
FINDINGS,  special,  1149  n.,  6. 
FINE,  for  selling  milk  to  customers,  164a. 

whether  recoverable  in  action  for  breach  of  warranty,  765. 

obhgation  to  pay  rather  than  suffer  false  imprisonment,  222. 

interest  on,  333. 

paid  in  criminal  suit,  whether  exemplary  d.  mitigated  by,  386. 

as  mitigating  exemplary  d.,  386. 

or  forfeiture,  breach  of  contract  subjecting  plaintiff  to,  148. 
FINGER,  excessive  d.  for  breaking,  1349. 

for  loss  of,  1357. 
FIRE,  burning  plaintiff's  property,  67a. 

whether  remote,  151. 

loss  by  putting  out,  169. 

d.  for  setting,  214. 

avoidable  consequences,  214. 

need  not  be  guarded  against,  224. 

d.  for,  2266. 

expense  of  reseeding  after,  226d. 

value  of  service  in  fighting,  226i. 

compensation  for  plaintiff  for  loss  suffered  in  attempt  to  extinguish, 
226y. 

for  loss  by  setting  back  fire  to  stop,  226^. 

expenses  of  litigation,  233. 

exemplary  d.  for  maliciously  setting,  373. 

breach  of  contract  to  insure  against,  623. 

effect  of  destruction  by,  upon  recovery  on  contracts,  655c. 

insurer  liable  for  loss  through  efforts  to  extinguish,  723o. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  against,  765. 

whether  destruction  of  building  by,  excuses  from  payment  of  rent, 
999c. 

danger  of,  from  passing  trains,  1100. 

obligation  of  tenant  to  restore  building  destroyed  by,  999y. 

increased  risk  from,  1149a. 

danger  from  accidental,  indemnity  against  losses  by,  1163. 

as  element  of  d.,  1165. 

risk  of,  1164,  1165,  1166. 

no  recovery  for  risk  of,  in  New  York  cases  for  taking  rights  in  highway, 
1205a. 
FIRE  ENGINE  HOUSE,  erection  of,  1123  n. 
FIRE  HYDRANT,  delay  in  installation  of,  169a. 
FIRE  INSURANCE.    See  Insurance,  Fihe. 

interest  on  unvalued  policy  of,  312. 
FIRM,  contract  to  discharge  debts  of,  789. 

bond  to  pay  debts  of,  789. 


INDEX  3207 

[References  are  to  Sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FISH,  loss  of  run  of,  171a,  n. 

run  of,  200. 

d.  for  delay  in  delivery  of,  856a.  ; 

FISHER,  evidence  of  profits  by,  181n.  V 

compensation  of,  by  percentage  of  catch,  669. 
FISHERY,  interference  with  right  of,  171a,  n, 
FISHING,  unlawfuUy,  99  n. 

profits  of,  182a,  n. 

penal  sum  of  bond  to  prevent,  whether  liquidated  d.,  395. 

d.  for  injunction  against  carrying  on,  685e,  n. 
FISHING  TACKLE,  whether  baggage,  873  n. 
FITNESS,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766. 

for  purpose,  breach  of  warranty,  164o. 

of  lot  for  dock  purposes,  11716. 
FIXTURES,  made  for  special  use,  loss  of,  167. 

value  of,  254a,  433. 

d.  for  removal  of,  944. 

d.  for  taking  by  illegal  distraint,  990a. 

d.  to,  by  illegal  entry  of  landlord,  9906. 

d.  for  breach  of  covenant  to  allow  removal  of,  998. 

of  tenant,  compensation  for,  in  eminent  domain  proceedings,  1157. 
FLOOD,  avoidable  consequences  of,  2146. 

loss  by,  whether  remote,  151. 
FLOODING,  injury  to  tenant  by,  71. 

wrongful,  need  not  be  anticipated,  224. 

other  land,  1110  n. 

well,  1166d. 

cellar,  1166(i. 

part  of  farm,  1178. 
FLOODING  LAND,  88,  91,  93,  99,  101,  940,  942,  1116,  1166d. 

whether  cause  of  action,  33. 

d.  after  writ,  91. 

nominal  d.,  99. 

possibility  of,  170  n. 

avoidable  consequences  of,  2146. 

recovery  of  expense  of  prevention  of,  2266. 

interest  in  action  for,  316. 

exemplary  d.,  373. 

by  canal  company,  1108  n.,  10. 
FLOODS,  intermittent  injury  by  succession  of,  95. 
FLORIDA,  law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  516. 
FLOUR,  contract  for  payment  in,  2796. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  761. 

value  of,  845. 

error  of  telegraph  company  in  transmitting  price  of,  885. 
FLOUR  MILL,  wrongful  raising  of  stream  causing  interruption  of  business  of, 

182  n. 
FLOW  of  sewage  through  land,  1123. 

of  stream,  right  to,  1149o. 

of  surface  water,  preventing  of,  1166d. 


3208  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

WCiW—Cmiinued. 

of  water,  diminution  of,  1096. 
interference  with,  1096. 
FLOWAGE,  liability  for,  divided,  36a,  n. 

by  several  obstructions,  causing  injury,  36o,  n. 

of  land.    See  Flooding  Land. 
FLOWAGE  ACT,  taking  of  farm  under,  11716. 

FLUCTUATIONS  IN  VALUE  of  labor  or  materials  during  performance  of  con- 
tract, 636y-636OT. 

in  trover,  507,  509,  514,  517,  519. 

during  contract,  636y,  636A;. 
FLUREAU  V.  THORNHILL,  rule  in,  1001  et  seq. 
FOAL,  compensation  for,  in  action  for  conversion  of  mare,  498. 
FODDER,  delay  in  delivery  of  engine  for  grinding,  153  n. 
FOLLOWING  PROPERTY,  recovery  of  expense  of,  226a,  n.,  226c. 

effect  of,  on  amount  of  recovery  for  conversion,  497a. 
FOOD,  obtaining  other,  164. 

compensation  for  deprivation  of,  457. 
FOOT,  excessive  d.  for  loss  of,  1356. 
FORBEAR,  contract  to,  626. 
FORBEARANCE,  breach  of  contract  for,  626. 
FORCED  SALE  OF  PROPERTY,  loss  by,  whether  remote,  126c. 
FORCIBLE  ENTRY.    See  Entry. 
FORCIBLE  ENTRY  AND  DETAINER,  exemplary  d.  for,  373,  1044. 

recoupment  in  action  for,  1044. 
FORECLOSURE,  decree  of,  bears  interest,  334. 

sale  on,  after  destruction  by  fire,  725. 

injunction  against,  Q85h. 

d.  for,  in   action  for  breach  of  covenent  to  remove  incumbrances, 
972. 
FORECLOSURE  OF  MORTGAGE,  recoupment  in  suit  for,  1070. 
FOREIGN  ATTACHMENT,  when  it  suspends  interest,  341. 
FOREIGN  BILL,  recovery  of  re-exchange  on,  700. 

d.  for  non-payment  of,  700. 
FOREIGN  CONTRACTS,  rules  of  d.  as  to,  274. 
FOREIGN  COUNTRY,  contract  payable  in,  274. 
FOREIGN  CURRENCY,  contract  payable  in,  274. 
FOREIGN  LAW,  as  to  breach  of  contract  of  sale,  782  et  seq. 

as  to  negotiable  paper,  1375. 
FOREIGN  MONEY,  273,  274. 

time  of  estimating  value  of,  273. 

value  of,  on  default,  1274. 
FORFEIT,  use  of  word  not  conclusive,  406,  408. 
FORFEITED  PROPERTY,  value  of,  265. 
FORFEITURE,  392. 

of  land  for  waste,  950. 

of  deposit  to  secure  conveyance  of  land,  1026. 
FORGED  MESSAGE,  d.  for  delivering,  878. 
FORGED  SIGNATURE,  d.,  where  adopted,  708. 
FORM  of  injunction  bond  governed  by  statute,  685. 


INDEX  3209 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FORM  OP  ACTION  for  conversion,  492. 

against  carriers,  840. 

for  trespass  to  land,  923. 

immaterial  in  case  of  recoupment,  1044. 

in  which  recoupment  allowed,  1044. 
FORMULA,  1312,  1313. 

in  the  Roman  law,  22,  1313. 
FORTHCOMING  BOND,  684. 

d.  on  sheriff's  bond  for  taking  void,  692i. 

whether  sureties  on,  can  recover  costs,  804. 
FORWARD  CONTRACTS,  obligation  to  make,  636/. 
FORWARDING  GOODS,  Uability  of  carrier  for  negUgence  in,  846o. 
FOUNDRY,  value  of  use  of,  999e. 
FRANCE,  system  in,  previous  to  Code  Napoleon,  25. 

d.  under  codes  of,  28a,  n. 
FRANCHISE,  conditions  of,  1112a. 

earning  capacity  of,  1171(i. 

market  value  for,  117  Id. 

of  ferry,  d.  for  infringing,  944. 

of  turnpike  company,  impairment  of  value  of,  1173. 

taking  of,  1107. 

value  of,  1171d,  1173. 
FRATERNAL  INSURANCE,  recovery  on  contract  of,  732. 
FRAUD,  causing  disappointment  or  disgrace,  no  recovery  for,  43/,  n. 

nominal  d.  for,  101. 

expense  of  litigation  caused  by,  241. 

litigation  if  unreasonable,  not  caused  by,  241a. 

as  affecting  the  allowance  of  interest,  286. 

interest  barred  because  of,  3016. 

interest  on  money  obtained  by,  303. 

interest  in  action  for,  316. 

compound  interest  on  account  of,  344. 

exemplary  d.  for,  367. 

measure  of  d.  for,  439. 

by  false  representations,  d.  for,  439. 

in  procuring  a  contract,  439a. 

in  effecting  a  sale,  4396. 

in  inducing  a  contract  of  insurance,  439c. 

in  procuring  a  cpnveyance,  439d. 

in  dealing  with  note  or  mortgage,  439d. 

in  securing  a  loan,  439e. 

in  misrepresenting  credit  of  third  party,  439/. 

in  obtaining  payment  of  debt  owed  another,  439^. 

in  issuing  or  selling  stock,  439/i. 

in  dealing  with  stock,  439ft. 

in  promoting  joint  enterprise,  439*. 

in  procuring  marriage,  439/. 

in  assigning  goods,  439/i;. 

in  assigning  note,  440. 

in  misrepresenting  amount  of  mortgage,  440. 


S210  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FRAUD — Continmd. 

in  inducing  manufacture  of  boxes,  440. 

as  to  title  of  wood-lot,  440. 

in  inducing  attachment  of  property,  440. 

compromise  of  claim,  440. 

useless  suit,  440. 

expenditure  for  medical  treatment,  440. 
as  to  accident  insurance,  440. 
in  preventing  bid  at  auction,  440. 
in  inducing  mortgagor  not  to  pay  interest,  440 
as  to  age  of  vessel,  441. 
by  false  representations  as  to  credit,  441. 
consequential  d.  for,  441. 
in  sale  of  horse,  441. 
expenses  caused  by,  442. 
contract  broken  through,  602. 
effect  of,  on  amount  of  recovery,  6066. 
a  ground  for  setting  aside  contract,  606c. 
avoidance  of  contract  for,  655o. 
contract  for  services  obtained  by,  673c. 
recovery  on  injunction  bond  for  loss  caused  by,  6856. 
in  over-valuation  in  marine  policy,  713. 
in  issuing  or  transferring  negotiable  instruments,  708. 
recovery  on  negotiable  paper,  how  affected  by,  708. 
rescission  of  contract  for,  754,  762. 
in  sale  of  chattel,  777  et  seq.,  1060. 

of  slave,  777. 

of  horse,  777. 

rule  generally  same  as  in  case  of  warranty,  777. 

of  mortgage,  777. 

of  vessel,  777. 

of  stock,  778,  779. 
rule  of  d.  for  in  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court,  778,  780. 
in  England,  779. 

whether  different  from  rule  in  case  of  warranty,  781. 
rule  of  d.  on  contract  to  convey  land,  whether  changed  by,  1009,  1010. 
in  sale  of  land,  1027  et  seq.,  1052. 

recoupment  for,  973. 
misrepresentation  of  amount  of  business,  1027. 

of  title  to  security,  1027. 

of  title  to  land,  1027. 

of  boundaries,  1027,  1028. 

as  to  incumbrances,  1028. 

of  quantity,  1028. 
right  to  tender  deed  in  court,  1028. 
rule  in  U.  S.  Supreme  Court,  1029. 
recoupment  for,  in  exchange  of  horses,  1044. 

in  sale  of  land,  1052. 

in  effecting  lease  of  land,  1056. 

in  sale  of  goods,  1060. 


INDEX  3211 

(References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FRAUB— Continued. 

in  exchange  of  property,  1071. 

in  action  for  exchange  of  property,  1071. 

of  landlord  in  procuring  tenant,  d.  for,  990c. 
FRAUDS,  measure  of  d.  in  case  of  contract  void  by  statute  of,  651,   See  Statute 

OF  Fbattds. 
FREEHOLD,  recovery  by  owner  of,  69. 

injury  to,  72. 

d.  for  severance  from,  500  et  seq. 

recovery  for  injury  to,  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  911. 
FREIGHT,  unreasonable  delay  of,  nominal  d.  for,  101  n. 

avoidable  consequences  on  failure  to  furnish,  211. 

d.  for  failure  to  furnish,  211. 

avoidance  of  loss  of,  by  taking  other  goods,  222. 

interest  on  overpayment  of,  303  n. 

compensation  for  loss  of,  by  collision,  593. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  594. 

recovery  of  agreed,  on  failure  to  furnish  cargo,  612. 

subject  of  marine  insurance,  709. 

pro  rata  itineris,  710. 

total  loss  of,  710. 

recovery  for,  on  open  policy,  712. 

insurance  on,  712,  713. 

contribution  of,  to  general  average,  717. 

one  of  the  interests  in  jeopardy  on  voyage,  717. 

paid  on  warranted  machine,  recovery  of,  767. 

due  to  carrier,  rate  of,  841. 

recovery  of,  by  carrier,  841. 

right  to  detain  for  non-payment  of,  844. 

constitutes  a  lien,  844. 

reduction  of,  as  consideration  for  limitation  of  liability,  851. 

d.  on  breach  of  contract  to  furnish,  858. 

recoupment  in  action  for,  1041,  1068. 
FRENCH,  value  of  time  of  teacher  of,  860. 
FRENCH  CODE  as  to  d.  on  bills  and  notes,  697,  700  n. 
FRENCH  LAW,  liquidation  of  d.  in,  427. 

of  constructive  total  loss,  711. 

as  to  payment  by  note,  797  n. 

as  to  notice  of  suit,  805. 

as  to  mesne  profits,  906. 

as  to  covenants  in  deeds,  955. 
FREQUENCY  of  trains,  increasing,  1109  n. 
FRESH  DAMAGE  will  not  give  fresh  action,  84. 
FRESHETS,  removal  of  protection  against,  1117. 
FRIGHT,  caused  by  mental  suffering,  43a. 

no  rule  of  law  for  non-recovery  for,  43a. 

may  be  ground  for  action,  43b. 

by  falling  of  laths,  43/,  n. 

when  unnatural  consequence,  43/,  n. 


3212  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FRIGHT— Continued. 

causing  attempted  escape  from  danger,  43h. 

by  young  child  possible,  43fc. 

caused  by  apprehension  of  physical  harm,  recovery  for,  47. 

compensation  for,  47. 

recovery  for  natural  consequences  of,  861. 

caused  by  failure  to  carry  passenger  to  destination,  864. 

caused  by  expulsion  from  train,  child  may  recover  for,  865. 

on  wrongful  expulsion  from  railway  car,  866. 
FRIGHTENING  of  stock,  1165. 

of  teams,  1165c. 
FRIVOLOUS  DEFENCE,  cost  of,  cannot  be  recovered,  808. 
FRIVOLOUS  SUIT,  no  redress  for,  beyond  costs,  232. 
FRONTAGE  on  river,  loss  of  use  of,  1101. 

on  railroad,  cutting  off  from,  11656. 
FRUCTUS  recoverable  in  Roman  law,  906. 
FRUIT,  breach  of  contract  to  keep  at  certain  temperature,  620  n. 

danger  of  being  stolen,  1165c. 
FRUIT-TREES,  d.  for  destruction  of,  933. 

taking  of,  1167  n. 
FUEL,  delay  in  delivery,  152. 

failure  to  furnish  gas,  164. 

notice  of  intended  use  as,  166. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  supply,  607  n. 
FUNCTIONS  of  court  and  jury  separate,  1317. 
FUNDS,  notice  of  special  use  for,  168. 

bond  for  management  of,  682c. 
FUNERAL,  hearse  for,  43j. 

delayed,  168. 
FUNERAL  EXPENSES,  whether  recoverable  in  statutory  action  for  death, 

573. 
FURNACE,  d.  for  furnishing  defective,  2126,  n. 
FURNITURE,  d.  for  seizure  of,  214. 

second-hand,  value  of,  251. 

effect  of  exposure  to  contagion  on  value  of,  265. 

value  of,  495. 

recovery  of  expense  of  removing,  607a. 
FURTHER  TAKING,  1116. 
FUTURE  deposits  of  soil,  1120. 

injuries  which  are  possible  results,  170. 

prospective  loss,  172. 

medical  attendance  recoverable,  226/. 
FUTURE  CONSEQUENCES.   See  Prospective  Damages. 
FUTURE  DAMAGES.   See  Phosmctive  Damages. 
FUTURE  DELIVERY,  expense  of,  636Z. 

d.  on  breach  of  contract  for,  758. 
FUTURE  SUFFERING,  recovery  for  apprehension  of,  484. 
FUTURE  USE,  value  of  property  for,  253. 
FUTURES,  contract  for,  636/. 

d.  on  breach  of  covenant  to  allow  removal  of,  998. 


INDEX  3213 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

GAIN  PREVENTED.    See  Ceetaintt  op  Pboof. 
GAIUS,  discovery  of,  1312. 
GAMBLING,  injury  to  business  of,  1826. 
GAMBLING  HOUSE,  value  of,  265. 
GAME-COCKS,  value  of,  265,  432o. 
GARDEN,  taking  of,  1086. 

destruction  of,  1166d. 
GARDENING,  truck,  land  adapted  for,  11716. 

market,  value  of  lots  for,  11716. 
GARNISHEE,  cannot  retain  funds  for  expenses  of  litigation,  229. 
GARNISHMENT,  suspends  interest  when,  341. 

malicious,  467. 
GAS,  wrongful  deprivation  of,  42  n. 

company  notified  of  illness  of  child,  164. 

for  heating,  failure  to  furnish,  143  n. 

from  coke  ovens  injuring  crops,  191. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  drill  for,  614  n. 

action  for  escape  of,  223. 

natural,  d.  for  removal  from  land,  935  n. 

d.  for  shutting  off,  945. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  by  lessee  to  sink  well  for,  999fc. 

risk  from  leakage  of,  1165. 

sewer,  danger  from,  1165c. 

escaping,  danger  of,  1166e. 
GAS  WELL,  value  of  land  for,  252  n. 

GASOLINE,  engines  for  sale,  breach  of  contract  to  supply,  182  n. 
GATE,  consequences  of  leaving  open,  223. 

contract  to  repair,  636A. 

left  open,  between  fields,  148. 

expenses  of,  1152a. 

cost  of  operation  of,  1152a. 

expense  of  building,  1165. 
GATE  CROSSING,  expense  of  maintaining,  1152a. 
GATE  HOUSES,  expenses  of,  1152o. 
GAUGE,  change  from  narrow  to  standard,  1152. 
GENERAL  and  special  d.,  distinction  between,  1123  n. 
GENERAL  AVERAGE,  effect  of,  in  marine  insurance,  709. 

not  included  in  estimating  constructive  total  loss,  711. 

where  to  be  adjusted,  717. 

recovery  for,  on  marine  policy,  717. 

what  is,  717. 

what  law  governs  allowance  of,  1383. 
GENERAL  BENEFITS,  1128,  1129. 

what  is,  1129. 

cannot  be  recovered,  1129.    .See  BENBFrrs. 
GENERAL  ENHANCEMENT,  1162. 
GENERAL  INJURY,  1117. 

GENERAL  ISSUE,  matter  in  mitigation  under,  1'563. 
GENERAL  PUBLIC,  d.  common  to,  1123. 
GENERAL  RULE,  of  pubMc  liability,  1108. 


3214  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.]' 

GENERAL  WARRANTS,  liberal  d.  in  actions  arising  from,  350. 
GEORGIA,  constitution  of,  referred  to,  1122. 

law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  517a. 

rule  of  d.  for  escape,  554. 

recovery  by  widow  for  death  of  husband  in,  578. 

provision  of  constitution,  on  eminent  domain,  1123. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefit  in,  1137. 

power  of  remitting  excess  of  verdict  in,  1330. 
GERMAN  Civil  Code,  d.  under,  28a. 
GOLD,  value  of  bond  payable  in,  257. 

obligation  payable  in,  269,  270. 

payment  in,  not  overpayment,  269. 

contract  payable  in,  270. 

judgment  on  contract  payable  in,  271, 

an  article  of  merchandise,  272  n. 

tort  for  loss  of,  272. 

d.  for  wrongfully  mining,  502,  503. 

depreciation  in  value  of,  pending  injunction,  685g'. 

error  in  transmitting  telegram  for  purchase  of,  886. 

d.  for  removal  from  land,  935. 
GOLD  STANDARD,  269. 
GOOD  FAITH  in  mitigation  of  exemplary  d.,  383a. 

whether  affecting  d.  for  defamation,  448. 

bearing  of,  on  d.  for  false  imprisonment,  466. 

of  conductor,  prevents  exemplary  d.  for  expulsion  from  train,  865. 

required  for  allowance  by  disseisor  for  improvements,  916. 

may  be  shown  to  mitigate  d.  for  injury  to  land,  929a. 

effect  of,  in  actions  for  cutting  trees,  934. 

entry  made  in,  1175. 
GOOD  WILL,  of  business,  injury  to,  170a. 

compensation  for  loss  of,  182,  188. 

of  premises,  188. 

value  of,  254,  1083. 

d.  for  loss  of,  by  eviction  from  leased  premises,  988a. 

recoupment  on  sale  of,  1062. 

of  business  premises,  recovery  for,  1080. 

compensation  for,  1083,  1087. 

d.  to,  1094. 

loss  of,  1097. 
GOODS,  converted  at  one  time,  856. 

expressly  or  impliedly  warranted  fit  for  purpose,  164o. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  for  manufacture  of,  2126. 

d.  for  wrongful  shipment  of,  212  n. 

expenses  caused  by  delay  in  delivery  of,  226^. 

recovery  of  cost  of  procuring  elsewhere,  226^. 

value  of  stock  of,  248a. 

interest  on  claim  for  failure  to  deliver,  312. 

interest  on  d.  for  failure  to  deliver,  313a. 

loss  on  purchase  of,  recoverable  for  failure  to  provide  premises,  6076. 

breach  of  agreement  to  allow  payment  of  debt  by  sale  of,  622o. 


INDEX  3215 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

GO0T)&— Continued. 

breach  of  agreement  not  to  sell  in  competition,  632. 

payment  of  note  in,  695a. 

arriving  in  specie,  may  be  regarded  as  total  loss,  710. 

d.  for  refusal  to  receive,  753. 

payment  in,  sufficient  for  suit  by  surety,  800. 

wrongful  shipment  of,  by  agent,  816. 

d.  against  agent  to  sell,  821. 

d.  for  failure  of  carrier  to  transport,  842. 

d.  for  failure  of  carrier  to  deliver,  844. 

d.  for  failure  to  forward,  846a. 

See  Chattels. 
GOODS  CARRIED,  d.  to,  45a. 
GOODS,  CARRIERS  OF,  840  et  seq. 

the  law  measures  the  d.,  840. 

compensation  of  carrier,  841. 

refusal  to  transport,  842. 

consequential  d.,  843. 

failure  to  furnish  cars,  843a. 

non-delivery,  value  at  place  of  destination,  with  interest,  the  general 
rule,  844. 

value,  where  to  be  estimated,  846. 

connecting  lines,  846. 

failure  to  forward  goods,  846a. 

value,  when  to  be  estimated,  847. 

reduction  of  d.,  acceptance  of  goods,  848. 

insurance  money,  849. 

consequential  d.,  850. 

limited  liability,  851. 

injury  during  transportation,  852. 

misdelivery,  853. 

delay  in  delivery,  854. 

delay  in  transportation  by  sea,  855. 

consequential  d.,  856. 

notice  of  special  d.,  856a. 

delay  in  lading  or  unlading  a  vessel,  857. 

discrimination,  857a. 

agreement  to  furnish  freight,  858. 
GOODS  SOLD,  debt  the  early  action  for,  675a. 
GOVERNMENT,  assignment  of  claim  on,  704. 

GOVERNMENT  OF  UNITED  STATES,  power  of,  as  to  issuing  money,  269. 
GOWN,  value  of,  8736. 
GRADE,  breach  of  contract  to,  618  n. 

change  of,  in  sidewalk,  1122. 

altering,  natural,  of  street,  1123  n. 

filling  street  to  old,  1112a,  n. 

permanent  injury  from  change  of,  1123. 

taking  of,  1178. 

of  railroad  crossing,  change  of,  1151  n. 


3216  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
GRADE — Continued.  , 

of  street,  change  of,  217,  1110  n.,  1119,  1120,  1121  n.,  1122,  1123  n., 
1149  n.,  11496,  1151  n.,  1164,  1165,  1168  n. 
in  Kansas,  1112a,  n. 
lowering  of,  by  railroad,  1112  n. 
statutes  on  change  of,  1112o. 
assessment  of  benefits  for  change  of,  1128. 
GRADE  CROSSING,  expense  of  construction  of,  1152a. 
GRADING,  breach  of  contract  to  do  useless,  619. 

actual,  accrual  of  d.  by,  1151  n. 

for  railroad,  1171b. 

of  street,  1113,  1115,  1117,  1122. 

not  new  burden  to  abutter  who  does  not  own  fee,  1152a 
is  special  benefit,  1130  n. 
consequential  d.  due  to,  1120. 
GRAIN,  contract  to  thresh,  151. 

delay  to  furnish  car  for  shipment  of,  161. 

d.  for  detention  of,  538. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  harvest,  607  n. 

contract  to  weigh,  612. 

labor  expended  on,  after  replevin,  690. 

error  of  telegraph  company  in  transmitting  price  of,  885. 
GRANDCHILD,  d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death 

of,  894b. 
GRANDPARENT,  d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death 

of,  8946. 
GRANITE,  d.  for  failure  to  pay  for,  752a. 
GRANT,  patent  a  species  of,  1213. 
GRANTEE  OF  LAND,  right  of,  to  recover  for  nuisance,  949. 

recovery  by,  on  warranty  after  parting  with  title,  956. 
GRANTING,  of  location  on  street  to  railroad,  1108  n. 

of  property  for  public  use  by  deed,  1109. 
GRANTOR  OF  LAND,  liability  of,  for  nuisance,  949. 

recoupment  for  trespass  by,  1055. 
GRASS,  partly  grown,  191. 

d.  for  cutting,  933,  935b. 

difficulty  in  cutting,  1149a. 
GRATES,  d.  for  breach  of  covenant  to  allow  removal  of,  998. 
GRATUITOUS  AGENTS,  812. 
GRATUITOUS  MEDICAL  AID,  226/,  n. 
GRATUITOUS  NURSING,  no  reduction  of  d.  for,  67,  860. 
GRATUITOUS  SERVICES,  recovery  for,  483,  653,  673d. 
GRATUITY,  by  which  defendant  has  no  right  to  profit,  67. 

d.  to  dippers  in  depriving  them  of,  100. 
GRAVEL,  for  failure  to  pay  for,  752a. 

d.  for  removal  from  land,  935  n. 

value  of,  1166c. 
GRAVEL  PIT,  value  of  land  for,  252  n. 

GRAZING,  profits  of,  where  land  always  used  for  cropping,  184  n. 
GRAZING  LAND,  separation  of,  from  water,  1165. 


INDEX  3217 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
GREASE,  inability  to  sell,  164a. 
GREAT  PONDS,  taking  waters  of,  1119. 
GREECE,  substitutes  for  money  in,  266. 
GREENHOUSE,  to  be  heated,  165. 

profits  of,  182o,  n. 

sales  shown  for  year  preceding  destruction  of  stock  of,  182  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  heating  apparatus  in,  766. 
GRIEF,  not  natural  consequence,  43/,  n. 

when  remote,  43/,  n. 

for  loss  of  child  not  considered  in  d.,  44. 

for  injury  to  child,  no  recovery  for,  486c. 

for  loss  of  husband,  widow  cannot  recover  for,  578. 

at  termination  of  engagement,  may  be  shown  in  breach  of  promise  of 
marriage,  638a. 
GRIST  MILL,  failure  to  supply  water,  189. 
GROSS,  d.  in,  for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  11546. 
GROSS  NEGLIGENCE,  what  is,  368. 

exemplary  d.  for,  368. 

See  Negligence. 
GROSSLY  EXCESSIVE,  Uquidated  d.  must  not  be,  407. 

verdict  for  exemplary  d.  set  aside  as,  388. 
GROUND-RENT,  mesne  profits  reduced  by  payment  of,  918. 
GROUNDS  FOR  SETTING  ASIDE  VERDICT  for  exemplary  d.,  388. 
GUANO,  value  of  cargo,  596. 
GUARANTEE  of  value,  763. 

of  payment  of  a  certain  sum,  789. 

of  collection  of  note,  803. 

to  surrender  premises  at  end  of  lease,  d.  for  breach  of,  999j. 
GUARANTOR,  measure  of  d.  against,  6066. 

of  bill,  whether  liable  for  protest,  700. 
GUARANTY  of  collection  of  note,  803. 

of  debt,  806. 
GUARDIAN,  ancillary,  692A;. 

bond  of,  692/,  n.,  692fc. 

liable  for  proceeds  of  real  estate,  692A;. 
I  interest  payable  by,  311a,  311d. 

liable  for  waste  in  New  York,  950. 
GUN,  whether  baggage,  873  n. 

HABEAS  CORPUS,  recovery  of  expense  of,  in  action  for  false  imprisonment,  463. 
HABIT  OF  INTOXICATION,  of  deceased,  shown  in  action  for  death,  580a. 

may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
HACK,  contract  to  carry  sick  person  in,  164a. 
HADLEY  V.  BAXENDALE,  RULE  IN,  144  et  seq. 

followed  in  America,  145. 

meaning  of,  146,  770,  891  n. 

a  rule  of  limitation,  147. 

results  of,  147a. 

what  are  natural  consequences  undef,  148,  149. 

as  affected  by  Hobbs  v.  L.  &  S.  W.  Ry.  Co.,  150. 

202 


3218  INDEX 

[Heferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

HADLEY  V.  BAXENDALE,  RULE  lN~Continlied. 

breach  of  obligation  of  passenger  carrier,  150,  867-871. 

loss  by  flood,  storm,  or  fire,  151. 

natural  causes  supervene,  151. 

what  are  natural  consequences,  151  et  seq. 

delay  or  loss  of  machinery  or  supplies  by  carrier,  152. 

deprivation  of  means  of  manufacture  or  trade,  153. 
of  money,  153a. 

default  of  telegraph  companies,  154,  169,  879. 
of  carrier  of  goods,  856. 

failure  to  repair,  155. 

loss  upon  resale,  156. 

loss  of  sub-contract,  156,  740. 

does  not  limit  field  of  recovery  in  contract,  429  n. 

effect  of  notice  under.    See  Notice. 
HALF-BREED  SCRIP,  value  of,  531. 
HAND,  excessive  d.  for  breaking  bone  in,  1349. 

for  loss  of,  1357. 
HANDS,  wages  of  idle,  153  n. 

necessity  of  discharging,  167. 
HAPPINESS,  compensation  for  loss  of,  47. 
HARBOR,  deprivation  of  access  to,  1093. 
HARBORING,  exemplary  d.  for,  376. 

wife  or  husband,  exemplary  d.  for,  376. 

recoupment  for,  1063. 
HARD  PAN,  compensation  for  excavating,  655. 
HARM,  result  of  mental  suffering,  43h. 
HARMLESS,  contract  to  save,  791-793. 
HARNESS,  recovery  of  nominal  d.  for,  171re. 

value  of,  251. 
HARTER  ACT,  596a. 
HASTE,  knowledge  of  necessity  for,  169a. 
HAUL,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  614  n. 
HAY,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  765. 
HAZARD,  salvage  is  reward  for,  599c. 
HEALTH,  apprehension  of  injury  to,  44. 

compensation  for  injury  to,  by  wrongful  imprisonment,  457. 

of  children  shown  in  action  for  death,  680. 

of  parties,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  6416. 

of  assured,  evidence  of,  in  determining  value  of  policy,  730. 

injury  to,  by  failure  to  provide  berth  in  sleeping  car,  873a. 

d.  for  injury  to,  by  misrepresentation  of  landlord  as  to  premises,  990c. 

impairment  of,  1117  n. 

danger  to,  1165c. 

injuries  to,  1166d. 
HEARING,  excessive  d.  for  destruction  or  impairment  of,  1359. 
HEARSE,  for  child's  funeral,  43^. 
HEAT,  d.  for  breach  of  covenant  to  furnish,  995. 
HEATING  APPARATUS,  failure  to  furnish  proper  kind,  165. 
HEDGES,  exemplary  d.  for  injury  to,  373. 


INDEX  3219 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

HEIFER,  injury  to,  by  trespass  of  bull,  435. 
HEIR,  recovery  of  mesne  profits  by,  912. 

from  what  time  entitled  to  mesne  profits,  912. 
dower  in  improvements  made  by,  922. 
HEMP,  d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  855. 

HIGHER  INTERMEDIATE  VALUE,  of  goods,  application  of  rule  of  avoidable 
consequences  to,  214. 
connection  of  doctrine  of,  with  replacement,  228ft. 
rule  of,  507  et  seq. 

actions  in  which  rule  of,  is  applied,  507. 
in  actions  of  detinue,  607,  527. 

of  replevin,  -507,  533. 
in  action  for  failure  to  deliver  stock,  508. 
English  rule  as  to,  508o. 

of  pledged  stock  wrongfully  sold,  509,  511,  521. 
in  actions  against  brokers,  509-514,  521-524. 
on  conversion  of  chattels  of  fluctuating  value,  509. 
New  York  rule  as  to,  509-512,  520-523. 

at  reasonable  time  for  replacement  in  the  market,  510,  511,  512a. 
of  stock  bought  on  a  margin,  510,  513,  521. 
rule  as  to,  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  513. 
in  Pennsylvania,  514. 
in  Alabama,  515. 
in  South  Carolina,  515. 
in  Wyoming,  515. 
in  Florida,  516. 
in  Arkansas,  516. 
in  Mississippi,  516. 
in  Indiana,  516o. 
in  Iowa,  5166. 
in  Texas,  516c. 
in  Australia,  516c. 
in  California,  517. 
in  Dakota,  517a. 
in  North  Dakota,  517a. 
in  Oklahoma,  517a. 
in  Georgia,  517a. 
in  New  Hampshire,  519. 
in  actions  for  failure  to  deliver  chattels  paid  for  in  advance,  507,  514, 

517,  519,  744-749. 
in  contracts  to  carry  stock,  523. 

on  breach  of  contract  to  hold  for  a  rise  in  the  market,  524. 
against  factors,  524. 

recovery  of,  in  action  for  non-delivery  of  goods  sold,  745  et  seq. 
in  case  of  wrongful  sale  by  agent,  821,  822,  824. 
on  sale  below  authorized  price,  822. 
HIGHEST  INTERMEDIATE  VALUE,  228/. 
HIGHWAY,  discontinuance  of,  35  n. 

obstruction  of,  36  re.  , 

stagnant  water  in,  35  n. 


3220  INDEX 

[  References  are  to  sections,  d,  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

HIGHWAY— Continued. 

obstructing  view,  35  n. 

access  from  land  to,  35  n. 

wrongfully  laid  out,  93. 

obstruction  of,  101. 

d.  for  laying  railroad  illegally  in,  217. 

recovery  of  expense  of  new  road  after  destruction  of,  226^. 

value  of  land  for,  252. 

closing  of,  1090. 

construction  of,  1108  n. 

repairs  of,  1108  n. 

trespass  on,  not  regarded  as  permanent,  924o. 

taking  of  fee  in,  1119  n. 

additional  servitude  on,  1120. 

railroad  on,  1120. 

taking  of  land  in,  11496. 

across  railroad,  1152a,  1165,  1165c. 

turnpike  road  taken  for,  1171d. 

appropriation  of,  for  railroad  purposes,  1173. 
HINDOO  LAW,  21. 

HIRE  OF  CHATTELS,  recoupment  in  case  of,  1063. 
HOAXES,  injured  feelings  natural  consequence  of,  4Sj. 
HOEL  DDA,  laws  of,  10. 

fines  reckoned  in  cattle,  10. 
HOGS,  refusal  by  purchaser  to  accept,  757. 

d.  for  failure  to  carry  through  without  unloading,  852. 
HOLIDAY  TRADE,  loss  of,  169a,  n. 
HOME,  recovery  for  deprivation  of  comforts  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 

set  back,  1165. 
HOMESTEAD,  diminution  in  value  of,  1149  n. 

value  of,  1171c. 
HOMESTEADER,  tenant  of  land,  as  may  recover  compensation  in  eminent 
domain,  1154o,  n. 

value  of  interest  in  land  taken,  1156. 
HONOR,  recovery  for  injury  to,  50. 
HOP-ROOTS,  warranted,  191. 
HOPS,  value  of  land  for  growing,  252  n. 

injury  to,  during  carriage,  852. 
HORSE,  recovery  for  wounded  feelings  caused  by  malicious  injury  of,  44o. 

represented  as  kind  in  harness,  164o. 

recovery  for  use  of,  171  n. 

action  for  injuring,  200. 

d.  enhanced  by  attempt  to  cure,  226o. 

value  of,  252,  433. 

d.  for  false  representations  or  fraud  in  sale  of,  441,  777. 

death  of,  pending  replevin  proceeding,  691. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  760,  761,  766,  773. 
of  title  of,  774. 
of  quality  of,  760. 

d.  for  sale  of,  below  agreed  price,  822. 


INDEX  3221 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
HORSE— Conimued. 

d.  for  failure  to  transport,  843. 

loss  of  sale  of,  through  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  883. 

recoupment  for  fraud  in  exchange  of,  1044. 
in  action  for  price  of,  1040. 
in  action  for  hire  of,  1063. 

evidence  of  value  of,  1296. 
HORSE-RACING,  profits  from,  182a,  n. 
HORSE-RAILROADS,  in  streets,  1182. 
HORSES,  frightened  by  locomotive,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 

probable  frightening  of,  1165. 
HOTEL,  compensation  for  loss  of  use  by  lessee,  155, 

first  class,  erection  of,  170. 

on  the  bank  of  river,  182. 

d.  for  failure  to  give  possession  of,  185. 

failure  to  move  building  for  use  as,  206n,  608. 

Uquidated  d.  for  breach  of  agreement  to  build,  416. 

breach  of  contract  to  manage  on  shares,  625  n. 

loss  of  profits  of  by  nuisance,  948. 

breach  of  covenant  to  stop  trains  at,  999. 
HOTEL  BILLS,  recovery  for,  on  failure  to  carry  passenger,  862. 
HOUSE,  recovery  for  wrongful  ejectment  from,  44a. 

for  mortification  by  wrongful  ejectment  from,  47. 

cost  of  repairing  d.  to,  171a,  n. 

contract  to  loan  money  for  building  house,  179  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  build,  226o,  615  n.,  618  n.,  621,  642  et  seq. 
to  convey,  621. 

d.  for  failure  to  complete,  633f2. 
to  repair,  633(2. 

loss  of,  by  fire,  after  repairs  made  on,  655c. 

incomplete  performance  of  contract  to  build,  656. 

recovery  for  construction  of,  where  work  is  accepted,  656. 

constructed  substantially  according  to  agreement,  657. 

d.  for  injunction  against  moving,  685c. 

value  of,  722. 

burned  without  fault,  no  recovery  for  loss  of,  m  action  for  mesne  profits, 
910. 

d.  for  shutting  off  gas  from,  944. 

d.  for  destruction  of,  944. 

contract  to  build,  in  exchange  for  house  and  lot,  1020. 

injury  to,  1094. 

pubUc,  diminution  of  custom,  1105. 

fire  engine,  erection  of,  1123. 

expense  of  moving,  1151,  n. 

undermining  of,  by  rains,  1164. 

taking  of,  1169. 

public,  stand  for,  11716. 

evidence  of  value  of,  1302. 
HOUSEHOLD  FURNITURE,  value  of,  722. 
HOUSEHOLD  GOODS,  value  of,  251. 


3222  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

HOUSEHOLD  SUPPLIES,  whether  baggage,  873  n. 
HOUSEKEEPER,  recovery  by,  for  services  as  nurse,  673e. 
HOUSEWORK,  compensation  for  loss  of  ability  to  perform,  486. 
HULK,  value  of,  595. 
HUMILIATION,  compensation  for,  47,  564. 

recovery  for  sense  of,  in  malicious  prosecution,  458. 
in  action  for  false  imprisonment,  462. 
in  action  for  seduction,  473. 
in  action  for  personal  injury,  484. 
in  action  for  injury  to  land,  929. 
by  eviction  from  leased  premises,  988o. 
on  unlawful  execution  of  search  warrant,  564. 
of  passenger  by  threatened  expulsion  from  train,  865. 
by  refusal  to  admit  to  bath  house,  recovery  for,  8736. 
HURT,  danger  of  members  of  family  being,  1164. 
HUSBAND,  abusive  language  to,  43s,  n. 
assault  on,  439,  ^^ 
false  report  of  accident  to,  43j. 
alienation  of  affections  of,  47  n.,  4806. 
evidence  of  value  of  support  of,  171a,  n. 
action  for  death  of,  172a. 
recovery  by,  for  loss  of  consortium  of  wife,  48. 
for  avoidable  loss  of  service  of  wife,  214a. 
for  medical  aid  to  wife,  226/,  n. 
for  injury  to  wife,  486o. 
for  death  of  wife,  578. 
exemplary  d.  for  harboring  or  enticing,  376. 
liabihty  of,  in  exemplary  d.  for  tort  of  wife,  382. 
must  recover  for  loss  of  time  of  wife,  486. 
not  entitled  to  compensation  for  loss  of  society  of  wife,  573o. 

for  loss  of  companionship  of  wife,  578. 
whether  included  in  next  of  kin,  579. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sicki;iess  or  death  of,  8946. 
HYPOTHETICAL  reduction  of  d.,  1161. 
HYSTERIA,  excessive  d.  for,  1360. 

ICE,  failure  to  supply,  164. 

for  carrying  on  an  established  business,  182. 

profits  of  cutting,  182a,  n. 

contract  to  sell  through  plaintiff,  1936. 

failure  to  supply,  205?i. 

taken  in  replevin,  duty  to  replace,  216. 

value  of,  434. 

replevin  of,  540. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  dehver,  614  n. 

breach  of  contract  to  make,  620  n. 

d.  on  injunction  bond  for  preventing  cutting  of,  6856. 

d.  for  wrongful  cutting,  9356. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  furnish  water  for  making,  999. 
ICE  BUSINESS,  destruction  of,  by  pollution  of  stream,  182  n. 


INDEX  3223 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ICE  CREAM,  manufacture  of,  164a. 

injury  to  business,  182  n. 

dj  for  breach  of  warranty  of  coloring  matter  for,  766. 
ICE  CROP,  value  of,  allowing  for  contingencies  of  harvest,  191  ». 
IDAHO  constitution,  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1145. 
IDIOT,  no  exemplary  d.  against,  363. 
ILLEGAL  distress,  100,  944,  1057. 

property,  value  of,  265. 

seizure,  565. 

purposes,  value  of  goods  used  for,  943. 

distraint,  d.  against  landlord  for,  990o. 

entry  on  demised  premises,  d.  for,  9906. 

act,  d.  on  bond  for  injunction  against,  685. 
ILLEGALITY,  effect  of,  on  value  of  property,  265. 

on  amount  of  recovery,  6066. 
ILLINOIS,  attempted  distinction  in,  between  exemplary  and  punitive  d.,  386. 

statutory  presumption  in  action  for  death  in,  584a. 

taking  of  property  under  constitution  of  1870,  1121. 

special  d.  in,  1121. 

rule  of  eminent  domain  in,  1121. 

meaning  of  "damaged"  in,  1121. 

English  decisions  on  eminent  domain  cited  in,  1121. 

constitution  of,  referred  to,  1122. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefit  in,  1138. 

d.  when  land  not  taken  in,  1151  n. 

possible  expense  of  cattle  guards  in,  1167. 
ILLNESS,  d.  for,  from  carrier's  default,  150,  862,  863. 

message  conveying  intelligence  of,  169. 

of  passenger,  caused  by  walking  to  destination,  212. 
caused  by  fault  of  carrier,  226j. 

resulting  from  false  imprisonment,  compensation  for,  464. 

interruption  of  services  by,  672. 

caused  by  delay  in  transportation,  recovery  for,  862. 

resulting  from  delay  in  transporting  passenger,  recovery  for,  863. 

caused  by  wrongful  expulsion  of  passenger,  867  et  seq. 

caused  by  expulsion  from  sleeping  car,  d.  for,  873a. 

caused  by  failure  to  deliver  telegram  to  physician,  8816. 

d.  for  failure  to  transmit  message  announcing,  894. 

of  relative,  d.  for  failure  to  transmit  telegram  announcing,  8946. 

caused  by  flooding  land,  recovery  for,  942. 

recovery  of  expenses  of,  caused  by  nuisance,  948. 

recovery  for,  on  eviction  from  leased  premises,  988a. 

recovery  by  tenant  for,  on  breach  of  covenant  by  landlord  to  repair,  992. 

d.  for,  by  failure  of  landlord  to  heat,  995. 
ILLWILL,  exemplary  d.  for,  364. 
IMAGINATIVE,  physical'  injury  distinguished  from,  42. 
IMPAIRED  ACCESS,  1164. 
IMPAIRMENT  of  access,  1117. 

by  elevation  of  roadway,  1123. 
by  viaduct,  1121. 


3224  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

IMPAIRMENT— Conimued. 

of  earning  power,  excessive  d.  for,  1354. 

of  health,  1117  n. 

of  mental  power,  172a. 

of  physical  capacity,  recovery  for,  in  action  for  physical  injury,  485. 

of  physical  power,  172o,  485a. 

of  usefulness  for  manufacturing  purposes,  1165&. 

of  value  of  franchise,  1173. 
IMPEDING  ACCESS,  1165a. 

IMPERFECT  PRIVILEGE,  d.  for  defamation  affected  by,  4486. 
IMPLIED  CONTRACT.   See  Quantum  Mekuit. 

of  indemnity,  785. 

measure  of  recovery  on,  649  et  seq. 
I. — No  Express  Contract 

quantum  meruit,  649. 

measure  of  compensation  on  a  quantum  meruit,  650. 

contract  void  by  statute  of  frauds,  651. 

failure  of  consideration,  652. 

compensation  for  work  and  labor,  653. 

waiver  of  tort,  654. 

deviation  from  contract  by  consent,  extra  work,  655. 
II. — Rescission  op  Express  Contract 

nature  of  rescission,  655a. 

rescission  for  default  of  defendant,  6556. 

rescission  by  act  of  God  or  of  the  law:  impossibility  of  performance,  655c. 

cancellation  according  to  the  terms  of  the  contract,  655d. 

rescission  by  mutual  consent  or  mistake,  655e. 
III. — Express  Contract  Perpoemed 

full  performance  of  express  contract,  655/. 

acceptance  of  work  not  according  to  the  contract,  656. 

substantial  performance,  657. 
IV. — -Express  Contract  Unperpoemed 

abandonment  or  substantial  non-performance  of  contract,  658. 

jurisdictions  refusing  recovery,  659. 

jurisdictions  allowing  recovery;  Britton  v.  Turner,  660. 

rule  in  Vermont,  661. 

measure  of  recovery,  662. 

recovery  by  an  infant,  663. 
IMPORTER,  obligation  of,  to  pay  fine,  148. 
IMPOSITION  of  servitudes  on  property,  1116. 
IMPOSSIBILITY  not  required  by  rule  of  avoidable  consequences,  220. 

of  performance,  rescission  for,  655c. 
IMPRISONMENT.   See  False  Imprisonment. 

recovery  of  d.  for,  43,  457. 

discharge  from,  101. 
IMPROPER  CONSTRUCTION  of  causeway,  1123  n. 

of  railroad,  1110  n. 
IMPROVEMENTS,  when  allowed  in  ejectment,  903,  904. 

good  faith  required  for  allowance  of,  903,  904,  916. 

value  of  use  of,  not  rooovorable  as  mesne  profits,  909a. 


INDEX  3225 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.' 

IMPROVEMENTS— CorcMwMed. 

interest  on,  909a. 

value  of  use  of,  in  actions  for  mesne  profits,  909a, 

when  allowed  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  915. 

allowed  for,  must  be  of  lasting  value,  917. 

value  of,  how  measured,  917. 

right  of  dower  in,  922. 

in  case  of  breach  of  covenant  of  warranty,  958,  959,  963  n.,  964  w. 

recovery  of  cost  of,  on  covenant  against  incumbrances,  971. 

recovery  of  value  of,  on  eviction,  988a. 

d.  on  breach  of  covenant  to  make,  993. 

d.  on  covenant  to  submit  value  of,  to  arbitration,  997. 

value  of,  997. 

money  spent  for,  recoverable  on  refusal  to  convey  land,  1012a,  1017. 

value  of,  included  in  value  of  land,  1018. 

expense  of,  recoverable  on  misrepresentation  of  title  to  land,  1027. 

on  land  taken,  recovery  for,  1104. 
incidents  of,  1108. 

change  in  structure  of,  1109. 

negligence  in  planning,  1110  n. 

by  town  or  cities,  1112,  1126.    See  Municipal  Improvements. 

in  street,  1123  n. 

placed  on  land  taken  after  order  of  condemnation,  1151. 

on  adjoining  land,  1162. 

proposed,  1162. 

evidence  of  cost  of,  1171e. 

market  value  without,  1171e. 

affixed  to  land,  1174. 

placed  on  land  by  railway,  1175. 

compensation  for,  1176. 
INABILITY  to  make  title,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  convey  land  because  of, 

1010. 
INADEQUATE  consideration,  6066. 
of  bill  or  note,  659. 

price  paid  by  plaintiff  does  not  reduce  mesne  profits,  908. 

verdict  in  action  for  death,  582. 
INADEQUATE  DAMAGES,  1368. 

failure  to  allow  d.  where  compensation  should  be  given,  1369. 

what  are,  1370. 

for  torts  in  general,  1370. 

for  personal  injuries,  1371. 

for  death,  582,  1372. 
INCIDENTAL  injury,  to  land  not  taken,  1112a,  n. 
INCIDENTS  of  improvement,  1108. 
INCOME  which  would  have  been  received  from  labor,  180. 

of  deceased  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  580o. 

from  investments,  not  considered  in  d.  for  death,  574. 

of  land  does  not  measure  mesne  profits,  908. 

of  officer,  on  which  bond  apphcable,  692e. 

of  real  estate,  not  chargeable  on  bond  of  executor  or  administrator,  692j. 


3226  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INCOMPETENCE  of  physician,  whether  chargeable  to  injured  party,  2216.  \ 

aggravation  of  injury  by,  2216,  n. 
INCOMPLETE  PERFORMANCE,  acceptance  of,  656. 
INCONTINENCE,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
INCONVENIENCE,  when  compensated,  42. 

not  unless  physical,  46a. 
no  evidence  of  value  of,  171a. 
indenmity  against,  793. 
d.  for,  862,  864,  1123,  1165. 
of  access,  1164.  ' 

to  business,  llS2a,  1169. 
at  connections,  1150. 
of  crossing,  1165. 

in  crossing  railroad  tracks,  1164,  11656. 
personal,  1094,  1097. 
to  tenants,  1165. 
caused  by  breach  of  contract,  42. 

delay  in  construction,  642. 

injury  to  passenger,  860. 

delay  in  carrying  passenger,  862. 

failure  to  carry  passenger  to  destination,  864. 

carriage  of  passenger  beyond  station,  864o. 

expulsion  from  train,  865. 

failure  to  transmit  telegram,  8816. 

flooding  land,  942. 

flooding  cellar,  948. 

nuisance,  948. 

eviction  from  leased  premises,  988a. 

division  of  property,  1163. 

noise,  1163. 
no  d.  for,  where  railroad  crossing  is  laid  out  over  railroad,  1152a. 
INCONVENIENT  shape  in  which  part  not  taken  was  left,  1164. 
INCREASE  "of  property,  compensation  for,  498,  639. 

in  action  of  conversion,  498. 

in  replevin,  539. 
of  burden,  11496. 
of  dust,  1101.  , 

in  expense  of  existing  business,  1152o. 
in  market  value,  1162. 

considered  in  assessing  benefits  for  opening  streets,  1128. 
in  noise,  1101. 
in  rate  of  insurance,  1166  n. 
in  value,  from  raihoad,  1122. 
INCREASED  burden  of  fencmg,  1163. 
cost  of  insurance,  1166. 
difficulty  of  access,  1163. 
insurance  rates,  11666,  n. 
liability  to  overflow  of  water,  1164. 
INCREASING  frequency  of  trains,  1109  n. 
number  of  railroad  tracks,  1109  n. 


INDEX  3227 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INCUMBRANCE,  agreement  to  pay  off,  168. 

expense  of  removing,  226e. 

d.  for  placing  on  ward's  estate,  692fc. 

d.  for  existence  of,  against  agent  to  invest,  8186. 

covenant  to  remove,  972. 

d.  for  failure  of  agent  to  discharge,  829. 
to  find,  830. 

by  outstanding  lease  or  right  of  dower,  d.  for,  976. 

barred  by  statute  of  limitations,  expense  of  extinguishing  not  reasonable, 
980. 

on  land,  misrepresentation  as  to,  1028. 
INCUMBRANCES,  COVENANT  AGAINST,  226c. 

nommal  d.  for  breach  of,  106,  953,  973,  976. 

interest  on  breach  of,  312  n. 

what  constitutes  breach  of,  967. 

when  broken,  968. 

successive  actions  on,  968. 

d.  where  incumbrance  is  removable,  968. 
upon  total  eviction,  969. 
for  permanent  incumbrance,  970. 

compensation  for  improvements  in  action  on,  971. 

reasonable  expenses  of  extinguishing  incumbrances,  971,  979,  980. 

broken  by  mortgage,  974. 

upon  eviction  from  part  of  land,  975. 

upon  partial  failure  of  title,  976. 

removed  by  doctrine  of  estoppel  by  deed,  977. 

reduction -of  d.' for  breach  of,  978. 

extinguishment  of,  979. 

consequential  d.,  980a. 

interest,  981. 

expenses  of  obtaining  or  defending  possession,  982,  983. 

recoupment  for  breach  of,  1053. 
INDEBITATUS  ASSUMPSIT,  657. 
INDEBTEDNESS,  how  far  a  d.,  790. 
INDECENT  ASSAULT,  recovery  for  shame  and  hmniliation  by,  47. 

for  loss  of  honor  by,  50. 
INDECENT  CONDUCT,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
INDEFINITENESS,  fatal  to  recovery  of  substantial  d.,  170  n. 
INDEMNITY  to  attaching  sheriff,  bond  for,  684o. 

exception  to  rule  of,  on  marine  poUcy,  716. 

by  principal  to  agent,  834. 

by  sub-lessee  to  lessee,  1000. 

against  losses  by  fire,  1163. 

covenant  for,  in  case  of  failure  of  title,  1008. 

bond  of.    See  Bond. 
INDEMNITY,  CONTRACT  OF,  784  et  seq. 

litigation  expenses  recoverable  on,  238,  803,  806. 
none  where  suit  was  unnecessary,  804. 
notice  of  suit,  805. 

marine  insurance  is,  709. 


3228  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INDEMNITY,  CONTRACT  OF— Continued. 
fire  insurance  is,  720. 
life  insurance  is  not,  729. 
between  principal  and  surety,  784. 

implied,  785. 

when  not  implied,  785. 
express,  786. 
interpretation  of,  787. 
measure  of  d.  on,  788. 
against  debt,  788  n.,  793,  795. 
against  liability,  788,  795. 
against  loss  or  inconvenience,  793. 
to  pay  or  discharge  a  debt,  789. 
the  rule  not  to  be  approved  on  principle,  790. 
to  indemnify  or  save  harmless,  791. 
early  oases  erroneous,  792. 
later  cases  follow  the  true  rule,  793. 
no  recovery  without  actual  loss,  793a. 
actual  loss  always  recoverable,  794. 
contracts  to  save  from  liability,  etc.,  795. 
against  judgments,  795. 
against  actions,  suits,  or  claims,  795,  803. 
against  trouble,  795. 
against  costs,  795,  803. 
what  is  payment  of  debt,  796. 

by  note,  796,  797. 

must  be  accepted  in  full  satisfaction,  796,  798. 

by  bond,  796,  799. 

by  land  or  goods,  796,  800. 

by  mortgage,  796,  800. 
no  more  than  actual  loss  recoverable,  801. 

judgment  against  surety  whether  conclusive  against  principal,  802. 
consequential  d.  for  breach  of,  806. 
action  between  co-sureties  on,  807. 

amount  of  contribution,  807o. 

insolvency  or  discharge  of  a  surety,  8076. 

interest  and  attorney's  fees,  807c. 

costs  and  legal  expenses,  808. 
reduction  of  surety's  claim,  808a. 
INDEPENDENT  AGENCY,  intervention  of,  1164. 
INDEPENDENT  AGREEMENTS,  no  recoupment  in  case  of,  1042. 
INDETERMINATE  AND  DETERMINATE  DAMAGES,  359. 
INDIANA,  rule  in,  for  rate  of  interest  on  overdue  paper,  328. 

as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  516a. 
presumption  of  loss  in  action  for  death  in,  584a. 
recovery  of  higher  intermediate  value  of  goods  sold,  745. 
constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
INDIGNITY,  compensation  for,  47. 

in  action  for  malicious  prosecution,  458. 

for  false  imprisonment,  462. 


INDEX  3229 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INDIGNITY— Con^mwed. 

tor  physical  injury,  484. 

on  wrongful  expulsion  from  railway  car,  865. 
from  theatre,  8736. 

of  imprisonment,  compensation  for,  458,  462. 
INDIRECT  BENEFIT,  1162. 
INDIRECT  INJURIES,  1120. 
INDIVIDUALS,  Uability  of,  1120. 
INDORSEE  of  bill  or  note,  recovery  by,  704. 

liability  of,  704. 
'         liability  of,  to  costs  of  prior  suit,  705. 
INDORSEMENT  of  note,  estoppel  to  deny,  708. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  775. 
INDORSER,  recovery  of  costs  by,  705. 

liability  of,  to  expenses,  705. 
INEVITABLE  loss  from  other  causes,  reduction  of  d.  because  of,  928 

accident,  whether  loss  divided  in  qase  of,  587. 
INFANT,  226/. 

recovery  by,  upon  leaving  service  before  completion  of  contract,  663. 

recovery  for  services  of,  673a. 
INFECTIOUS  DISEASE,  loss  by  communication  of,  125. 

recoupment  for  communication  of,  1060.    See  Disease. 
INFLUENCE,  UNDUE,  a  ground  for  setting  aside  verdict  for  exemplary  d.,  388. 
INFRINGEMENT  of  right,  nominal  d.  for,  98. 

of  easement,  1165a. 

of  personal  pleasure  or  convenience,  1123. 

of  patent.   See  Patent. 
INHERENT  DEFECT,  in  property  replevied,  691. 

INHERITANCE  of  property  by  plaintiff,  cannot  be  shown  in  action  for  death, 
583. 

diminution  in  value  of,  by  waste,  950. 
INJUNCTION,  equity  operates  by,  3. 

preventing  use  of  coal  lands,  184. 

recovery  of  value  of  time  spent  in  securing  dissolution  of,  226i. 
of  expense  of  dissolving,  237. 

against  paying  money,  suspension  of  interest  by,  341 

no  recovery  on  bond  for  loss  not  caused  by,  6856. 

d.  recoverable  on  bond.   See  Injunction  Bond. 

right  to,  in  elevated  railway  cases,  1196. 

patentee  entitled  to,  1214. 

d.  on  dissolution  of,  12866. 

bond  for  vacating,  685o. 
INJUNCTION  BOND,  expenses  of  resisting  or  dissolving  injunction  recoverable 
on,  226i,  237. 

d.  recovered  on,  685  et  seq. 
pending  appeal,  685. 
must  be  proved,  685. 

d.  in  original  suit,  whether  conclusive  in  action  on,  685. 

injunctions  preventing  use  of  land,  685a. 
against  taking  a  profit  from  land,  685b- 


3230  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INJUNCTION  BONI>— Continued. 

other  injunctions  concerning  land,  685c. 
injunctions  against  doing  work,  Q85d. 
against  carrying  on  business,  685e. 
against  working  mine,  6856. 

recovery  for  loss  of  property  on  account  of,  685e. 
recovery  of  wages  paid  on  account  of,  685e. 
against  constructing  a  building  or  other  work,  685/. 
against  collecting  a  judgment  or  other  debt,  685ff. 
against  a  sale,  Q85h. 
against  other  acts,  685i. 
counsel  fees  incurred  on  account  of  the  injunction,  685j. 
in  the  entire  litigation,  685J;. 
not  chargeable  to  defendant,  685/. 
amount  of,  recoverable,  exorbitant  charges,  685to. 
other  expenses  of  litigation,  685n. 
liability  of  commissioner  for  accepting  void,  692ff. 
"INJURED"  or  "damaged"  property,  1118. 
INJURIA  SINE  DAM  NO,  32,  96o,  99,  812. 
INJURIOUS,  meaning  of,  1149o. 

"INJURIOUSLY  AFFECTED,"  meaning  of,  1105,  1118,  1149o. 
INJURIOUSLY  AFFECTING  other  lands,  1088,  1102,  1105. 
INJURY. 

I. — Genebal  Principles 
elements  of,  37. 

insurance  not  deducted  from  recovery  for,  67a. 
imports  d.,  97. 
implied  by  law,  97. 

liability  for  direct,  though  not  contemplated,  112. 
stipulated  sum  not  proportioned  to,  a  penalty,  412. 
II. — In  Taking  by  Eminent  Domain 
d.  include  consequential,  1101. 
compensation  for,  1106. 
incidental,  to  land  not  taken,  1112a,  n. 
short  of  taking,  1149. 
after  completion  of  railroad,  1151  n. 
estimate  of,  1162. 
amount  of,  1163. 

exposure  to,  in  crossing  railroad,  11656. 
III. — Kinds  oe 

common,  1165a. 
general,  1117. 
indirect,  1120. 
particular,  1164. 
permanent,  1110. 

from  change  of  grade,  1123. 
personal,  1090. 
physical,  1117  n. 

to  property,  1121. 
,.  private,  1123. 


INDEX  3231 

IReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

imVRY— Continued. 

probable,  172. 

public,  1123. 

renewed,  88. 

special,  1117. 
IV.— To  What 

adjacent  property,  1115. 

affections,  638a. 

buildings,  1117  n. 

business,  1169. 

crops,  1175. 

feelings.    See  Mental  Sottering. 

fences,  1117  n. 

feny,  1173. 

goods  during  transportation,  852. 

health,  1166d. 

house,  1094. 

land,  1120. 

land  not  taken,  1119. 

machinery,  190. 

natural  beauty,  1123o. 

property,  316. 

relations,  48. 

right  given  by  common  law,  39. 

support  of  property,  1116. 

trade,  1090. 

trees,  1166e. 
V. — From  What  Cause 

animals.   See  Animals. 

cinders,  1165. 

leakage,  1164. 

noise,  1165. 

operation  of  railroad,  1109. 

seepage,  1164. 

smoke,  1165. 

user,  1090. 
INLAND  BILLS,  re-exchange  on,  700a. 
INNKEEPER,  Uabihty  of,  for  mjury  to  guests,  8736. 
INSANITY,  injury  causing  apprehension  of,  44. 

caused  by  malicious  prosecution,  compensation  for,  457. 
by  false  imprisonment,  recovery  for,  457. 

in  family  of  party,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  proDMse  of  marriage, 
6416. 

misrepresentation  as  to,  1028. 

excessive  d.  for,  1361. 

of  defendant,  d.  for  slander  mitigated  by,  448. 
INSCRUTABLE  FAULT,  collision  by,  587. 

division  of  loss  in  case  of,  587. 
INSECTS,  d.  for  attracting,  942. 

d.  for  generation  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 


3232  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INSOLVENCY  of  debtor  whether  provable  in  action  against  pubUc  oflBcer,  549- 
551,  554-557. 
provable  on  bail  bond,  686. 
d.  for,  on  injunction  bond,  685^. 
pending  appeal,  recovery  for,  688o. 

of  insurer,  d.  caused  by,  730. 

of  maker,  value  of  bill  or  note  how  affected  by,  256. 

of  surety,  effect  of,  8075. 

interest  in,  311/. 

when  suspended  by,  340a. 
INSTALMENT,  recoupment  m  action  for,  1051. 

non-payment  of,  justifies  rescission  of  contract,  655a. 
INSTALMENTS,  debt  payable  by,  89  n. 

liquidated  d.  on  contract  payable  by,  412. 

repudiation  of  contract  performablie  by,  6366. 

contract  to  pay  debt  by,  636ff. 

sale  of  goods  to  be  deUvered  by,  737. 

recoupment  in  contract  performable  in,  1051. 
INSTRUCTIONS  OF  COURT  on  right  to  give  exemplary  d.,  387. 

on  questions  of  d.,  1320. 

erroneous,  1321. 
INSUFFICIENT  bail  or  surety,  d.  for  taking,  555. 

verdict  in  action  for  death,  582. 
INSULT,  compensation  for  sense  of,  47. 

exemplary  d.  for,  364,  365. 

compensation  for,  in  action  for  physical  injury,  484. 
in  case  of  expulsion  of  passenger  from  train,  866. 
in  action  for  refusal  to  admit  to  bath  house,  873b. 
in  action  for  injury  to  land,  929. 

recovery  for,  by  guest  of  inn,  8736. 
INSURABLE  INTEREST  required  for  poUcy  of  life  insurance,  729. 
INSURANCE,  amount  of,  67a. 

lapse  of  endowment  policy  of,  through  negligence  of  carrier,  212. 

contract  to  assign,  226. 

value  of  policy  of,  259. 

interest  upon  policy  of,  301. 

interest  on  unvalued  policy  of,  312. 

interest  for  failure  to  adjust  loss  on  policy  of,  314a. 

d.  for  fraud  in  inducing  contract  of,  439c. 

life  tables  used  in,  not  conclusive  evidence  of  probable  duration  of  life, 
681. 

payment  of,  does  not  reduce  d.  for  collision,  591. 

breach  of  contract  to  procure,  623. 

option  to  rebuild,  in  contract  of,  635. 

of  goods  pending  injunction,  recovery  of  cost  of,  686A. 

recovery  on  note  given  for  premiums  for,  703. 

d.  for  negUgence  in  procuring,  817. 

increase  in  rates  of,  1166. 
INSURANCE,  ACCIDENT,  731. 


INDEX  3233 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INSURANCE,  ASSESSMENT,  732. 
INSURANCE,  FIRE,  720  et  seq. 

a  contract  of  indemnity,  720. 

actual  loss  recoverable,  720. 

no  abandonment  in,  720. 

no  valued  policy  of,  720. 

measure  of  d.  5n  policy  of,  720,  721,  722. 

value  of  property  insured,  722. 

partial  loss,  722. 

valued  policies,  722a. 

election  of  insurer  to  rebuild;  alternative  contract,  723. 

proximate  cause,  723a. 

consequential  loss,  724. 

interest  on  policy  of,  724. 

recovery  by  owner  of  a  limited  interest,  725. 

d.  on  policy  of,  how  affected  by  title,  725. 

reduction  of  d.  on  policy  of,  726. 

clauses  limiting  liability,  726. 

breach  of  contract  to  issue  policy,  727. 

loss  of,  through  defendant's  fault,  727. 

reinsurance,  728. 
INSURANCE,  LIFE,  729,  730. 

not  a  contract  of  indemnity,  729. 

measure  of  d.  on  policy  of,  729. 

mutual  policy,  730. 

value  of  policy  of,  730. 

breach  of  contract  to  issue  or  continue  policy  of,  730. 

assessment  policy,  732. 
INSURANCE,  MARINE,  709  et  seq. 

a  contract  of  indemnity,  709. 

"one-third  new  for  old,"  709,  711,  715. 

abandonment  for  constructive  total  loss,  709. 

total  loss  on  policy  of,  710. 

constructive  total  loss,  711. 

open  policy  of,  712. 

measure  of  loss  on,  712. 
value  of  cargo,  712. 
loss  of  freight  on,  712. 
recovery  of  expenses  on,  712. 

valued  policy  of,  711,  713. 
measure  of  loss  on,  713. 

on  freight,  713. 

partial  loss  on  policy  of,  714. 
value  of  cargo  upon,  714. 
duties,  whether  included  in  value,  714. 

limitation  of  recovery  to  loss  of  some  magnitude,  715. 

exceptions  to  rule  of  indemnity,  716. 

general  average,  717. 

valuation  of  vessel  and  cargo  in,  717. 

consequential  loss,  whether  recoverable  on,  718. 

203 


3234  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INSURANCE,  MARINE— Corefirewed. 

proximate  cause  in  actions  on,  718. 

reduction  of  d.  on,  719. 
INSURANCE  AGENT,  entitled  to  d.  for  failure  to  employ,  8345. 

commissions  on  renewals,  834e. 
INSURANCE  BROKER,  liability  of,  to  principal,  817. 
INSURANCE  COMPANY,  recovery  by,  on  premium  note,  603. 
against  agent  for  wrongful  insurance,  SlSa. 

refusal  by,  to  issue  or  continue  policy  of  life  insurance,  730. 
INSURANCE  MONEY  not  recoverable  on  bond  of  executor  or  administrator, 
692j. 

carrier  entitled  to  deduction  of,  849. 

collection  of,  by  landlord,  no  defense  to  action  for  rent,  999c. 
INSURANCE  POLICY,  avoidable  consequences  on  breach  of  contract  to  assign, 
226. 

interest  on,  289,  301. 

time  from  which  interest  runs  on,  302. 

value  of,  259,  730. 

contract  to  assign,  623. 
to  keep  valid,  623. 

no  reduction  of  d.  because  of  recovery  on,  860. 
INSURANCE  RATES,  increased,  11666,  n. 

INSURANCE  RENEWALS,  compensation  for  loss  of  commission  on.  834e 
INSURE,  d.  against  agent  to,  817,  818. 

covenant  of  lessee  to,  999i. 

breach  of  contract  to,  623. 
INSURER,  election  of,  to  rebuild,  723. 

INTELLECTUAL  TRAINING,  loss  of,  by  death  of  parent,  577. 
INTELLIGENCE,  telegraph  company  is  carrier  of,  874. 

contracts  to  convey,  875. 
INTEMPERANCE,  verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 
INTENT,  recovery  of  interest  not  affected  by,  342. 

bearing  of,  on  liquidation  of  d.,  408. 

immaterial  on  breach  of  contract,  603. 

evidence  of,  1305. 
INTENTIONAL,  whether  infliction  of  mental  suffering  was,  43j. 
INTEREST. 

I. — In  General 

measure  of  value  of  use  of  money,  1716,  174,  179,  282,  1179o. 

adopted  by  law,  179. 

effect  of,  on  liquidated  d.,  406. 

from  date  of  note  not  paid  at  maturity  as  liquidated  d.,  411. 

nature  of,  282. 

by  agreement,  282. 

origin  of  allowance  of,  283. 

time  of  allowance  of,  1179a. 

whether  must  be  specially  claimed  in  pleadings,  1264. 

the  conflict  of  laws  as  to  the  rate  of,  1377-1379. 

compound,   See  Compound  Interest. 


INDEX  3235 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INTEREST— Conimwed. 
II. — ^English  Law 

origin  of  the  allowance  of  interest,  283. 

rule  laid  down  by  Lord  Mansfield,  284, 

time  of  payment  indefinite,  285. 

fraud,  286. 

mercantile  securities,  287. 

contract,  express  or  implied,  288. 

interest  by  statute,  discretionary  power  of  jury,  289. 

by  way  of  d.  for  detention  of  money,  290. 

on  overdue  paper,  290. 

result  of  the  English  cases,  291. 
III. — ^American  Law 

difference  between  English  and  American  law,  292. 

interest  as  d.,  frequently  regulated  by  statute,  293. 

money  vexatiously  withheld,  statutory  rule,  294. 

allowance  and  amount  of  interest  formerly  matter  for  the  jury,  295. 
now  usually  a  question  of  law,  296. 

gradual  extension  of  principles  allowing  interest  as  matter  of  l^w,  297. 

interest  by  custom,  298. 
IV. — Liquidated  Demands 

liquidated  and  unliquidated  demands,  299. 

unsatisfactory  character  of  the  test,  300. 

general  rule,  301. 

for  non-payment  of  money,  301. 

after  maturity  of  note,  301. 

on  capital  of  firm  not  advanced,  301. 

on  policy  of  insurance,  301,  724. 

on  liquidated  d.,  301. 

stockholders'  liability,  301a. 

contracts  for  the  sale  of  land,  3016. 

legacies,  301c. 

time  from  which  interest  runs,  302. 

interest  on  money  payable  on  demand,  302a. 

money  illegally  acquired  or  used,  303. 

money  paid  out  for  the  defendant,  304. 

money  had  and  recdved  by  the  defendant,  ,305. 

money  received  or  retained  by  mutual  mistake,  306. 

rent,  307,  919. 

in  distraint,  307. 

on  mesne  profits,  307,  919. 

sale  of  goods  at  fixed  price,  308. 

time  from  which  recoverable,  308. 

after  reasonable  time,  308. 

sale  on  credit,  308. 

work  and  labor  done  for  a  fixed  price,  308a. 

demand  prevented  by  defendant's  act,  309. 

simple  running  account,  310. 

partnership  accounts,  310a. 

balance  of  a  mutual  account,  311. 


3236  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INTEREST— Conttreued. 

on  account  stated,  311. 
on  brokers'  accounts,  311. 
interest  by  a  fiduciary,  311o. 

executor  or  administrator,  3116. 

trustee,  311c. 

guardian,  311(2. 

agent,  3 lie. 

receiver  or  assignee  of  insolvent  estate,  311/. 
V. — Unliquidated  Demand 

unliquidated  d.  in  actions  of  contract,  312. 
d.  capable  of  computation.  New  York  rule,  313. 
does  not  extend  to  mutual  accounts,  313. 
failure  to  deliver  goods,  313a. 
time  from  which  it  runs,  314. 
allowed  at  least  from  date  of  writ,  315. 
demand  for  settlement  or  payment,  314. 
duty  to  liquidate  claim,  314a. 

amount  payable  subject  to  reduction  by  unliquidated  sum,  3146. 
general  conclusion,  315. 
interest  in  actions  of  tort,  316. 
on  breach  of  warranty  of  chattel,  316. 
value  of  property  destroyed  or  converted,  317. 
on  property  destroyed  by  mob,  317. 
in  case  of  collision,  317. 
in  case  of  replevin,  317. 

property  destroyed  by  negligence  against  carrier,  318. 
change  of  judicial  opinion  in  favor  of  interest,  319. 
the  rule  in  Pennsylvania,  320. 
in  Massachusetts,  321. 

in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  322. 
interest  in  patent  suits,  323. 
interest  in  admiralty,  324. 
VI. — ^Ratb  of  Interest 

general  rules  as  to  rate,  282,  324a,  538. 

change  in  statutory  rate  of,  324a. 

on  overdue  paper,  325  el  seq.,  696,  698,  699. 

contract  and  statute  rate,  325. 

conflict  of  authority,  326. 

rules  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  327. 

conflict  of  decisions  in  Indiana,  328. 

general  conclusion,  329. 

expressed  intention  always  governs,  330. 

on  demand  note,  330. 

interest  "till  paid,"  330. 
stipulation  for  a  higher  rate  after  maturity,  331. 
VII. — Interest  in  Special  Cases 

property  taken  by  eminent  domain,  231a. 

on  taxes,  332. 

on  fines  and  penalties,  333. 


INDEX  3237 

IReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INTEREST— ConWwwed. 

on  judgments,  334. 

between  verdict  and  judgment,  335. 

in  error,  336. 

by  U.  S.  judiciary  act,  336. 

from  municipal  corporations,  337. 

from  the  state,  338. 
VIII. — Relief  from  Payment  of  Interest 

after  payment  of  the  principal,  339. 

effect  of  partial  payments,  339a. 

what  will  relieve  defendant  from,  340. 

laches  or  fault  of  creditor,  340. 

death  or  insolvency,  340a. 

tender,  3406. 

offer  of  settlement,  3406. 

war,  340c. 

legal  process,  341. 

foreign  attachment  or  trustee  process,  341. 

injunction,  341. 

not  affected  by  intent,  342. 
IX. — Compound  Interest 

compound  interest  not  originally  allowed,  343. 

except  by  mercantile  custom,  or  for  fraud,  344. 

never  allowed  by  way  of  d.,  345. 

on  arrears  of  stipulated  interest,  345. 

on  annuity,  345. 

on  coupons  or  other  separable  obligations  for  interest,  346. 
X. — Interest  in  Various  Actions  Sounding  in  Contract 

as  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  pay  money,  6226. 

on  value  of  property  where  sale  is  prevented,  Q85h. 

on  note,  696  et  seq. 

by  the  civil  and  French  law,  697. 

not  formerly  allowed,  698. 

for  delay  in  paying  insurance  policy,  724. 

recoverable  against  co-surety,  807c. 

on  deposit,  liability  of  unauthorized  agent  for,  838. 

in  action  for  carrier's  delay  in  delivery,  854. 

on  value  of  goods  recoverable  from  carrier,  844. 

on  expense  of  repairs,  919. 
XI. — In  Actions  on  Bonds 

on  penalty  of  bond,  678,  680. 

on  statutory  bond,  680. 

on  injunction  bond,  685. 

where  payment  of  money  was  enjoined,  685j,  685j. 

on  poor  debtor's  bond,  686. 

on  appeal  bond,  688. 

where  sale  suspended  by  appeal,  688a. 
on  money  tied  up  by  appeal,  688a. 

on  replevin  bond,  689o. 

on  official  bond,  692. 


3238  INDEX 

[References'  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INTEREST— Continued. 

on  sheriff's  bond,  692i. 
on  guardian's  bond,  692k. 
on  bond  of  officer  of  corporation,  694, 
XII. — In  Actions  Concekninq  Real  Estate 
on  mesne  profits,  919. 

on  cost  of  extinguishing  incumbrances,  979. 
in  action  on  real  covenants,  981. 

none  where  defendant  had  possession  without  liability  for  mesne 
profits,  981. 
on  arrears  of  rent,  999a. 
on  price  payable  for  land,  1025. 
from  vendee  of  land  who  makes  default,  1025. 
not  allowed  as  d.  for  delay  in  conveying  land,  1021a. 
XIII. — In  Actions  Soundinq  in  Tort 
on  property  illegally  attached,  565. 
in  conversion,  493. 
on  value  of  the  property  as  value  of  use,  633b. 

of  vessel,  593. 
XIV. — In  Other  Actions 
in  replevin,  538,  690. 
in  admiralty,  597a. 

rate  of,  597o. 

on  demurrage,  597a. 

in  collision  cases,  597o. 

on  stipulation,  598. 
in  patent  suits,  1244. 

on  profits  of  infringement,  1244. 

on  expenses,  1245. 
in  equity,  1256fc. 
INTEREST  OF  PLAINTIFF,  d.  as  affected  by.    See  Owner,  Special. 
nature  of,  taken  by  eminent  domain,  1084. 
value  of  reversionary,  1084,  1085. 
in  land,  meaning  of,  1097. 
in  mineral  land,  life,  1105. 
injuriously  affected,  1105. 

required  for  recovery  erf  compensation  in  eminent  domain,  llS4a. 
leasehold,  1172. 
in  pending  proceeding,  1179a. 
INTJERETS  AND  DOMMAGES-INTSRETS,  25. 
INTERFERENCE,  destruction  of  beneficial  use  by  physical,  1116. 
with  access,  temporary,  1117  n. 
with  access  to  ferry,  1096. 
with  beneficial  use  of  property,  1114. 
with  easement,  1096. 

in  street,  1123. 
with  flow  of  water,  1096. 
with  property,  1114. 
with  privacy,  1096,  1165. 
with  public  use,  1166b, 


INDEX  3239 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

INTERFERENCE— CowWwwed. 

with  right,  1094. 

with  underground  water,  1096. 

with  water  rights,  1120. 
INTERMEDIATE  COURT,  d.  on  bond  given  on  appeal  to,  688. 
INTERMEDIATE  VALUE.    See  Hiqheh  Intermediate  Value. 
INTERMIXTURE,  effect  of,  on  d.,  505. 
INTERPRETATION,  rules  of,  in  connection  with  Uquidated  d.,  409. 

of  contract  of  indemnity,  787. 

English  rules  of,  criticised,  1105. 
INTERRUPTION  of  access,  1123. 

of  work,  685/. 
INTERVENING  cause  in  action  of  contract,  602  n. 
INTOXICATING  LIQUORS,  liquidated  d.  on  breach  of  contract  to  refrain  from, 

415. 
INTOXICATION,  whether  affecting  d.  for  defamation,  448, 

habits  of,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  580a. 
INVASION  of  real  estate,  1116. 

of  easement  of  light,  air,  or  access,  1116. 
INVENTORY,  recovery  for  failure  to  file,  on  bond  of  executor  or  administrator, 
692i. 

d.  on  guardian's  for  failure  to  file,  6Q2h. 

as  evidence  of  value,  1299. 
INVESTIGATION  of  title,  attorney's  negfigence  in,  830. 

expense  of,  when  recoverable,  835,  1017. 
INVESTMENT,  purchase  of  stock  for,  228/. 

trustee  chargeable  with  interest  for  failure  to  make,  311c. 

income  from,  not  considered  in  d.  for  death,  574. 

d.  for  improper,  by  guardian,  692fc. 

d.  against  agent  to  make,  830. 
INVESTMENT  POLICY,  value  of,  730. 
IOWA,  law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  5166. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148,  1152. 

cost  of  building  fence  in,  1167  n. 
IRON,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  trf,  770. 

recoupment  in  action  for  price  of,  1043. 
IRON  WORK,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  do;  614  n. 
IRRELIGIOUS  PAMPHLETS,  value  of,  265. 
IRRIGATE,  breach  of  contract  to,  620  n. 
IRRIGATION,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  supply  water  for,  205  n.,  633e. 

d.  for  enjoining  use  of  ditch  for,  685e. 
ISLAND,  cannot  be  treated  as  entire  tract  with  land  on  river  bank,  1154  n. 

condemnation  of,  for  boom,  1171e. 

JAIL,  d.  caused  by  bad  condition  of,  457. 

compensation  for  filthy  condition  of,  464. 
JAW,  excessive  d.  for  fracture  of,  1351. 
JETTISON  of  cargo,  recovery  for,  717. 
JEWEL,  proof  of  value  of,  170a,  n. 

presumption  of  value  of,  1300. 


3240  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

JEWELRY,  evidence  of  profits  by  jobber  of,  181«. 

whether  baggage,  873. 
JEWISH  LAW,  20. 
JOINDER,  of  similar  causes,  84a. 
JOINT  EXECUTORS,  bond  of,  692/. 
JOINT  OWNER  OF  CHATTELS,  d.  recoverable  by,  83. 

for  injury  to  property,  83. 
JOINT  TORTS,  award  of  d.  for,  1279,  1280. 
JOINT  WRONG-DOERS,  exemplary  d.  against,  382. 

reduction  of  d.  by  part  compensation  by  one,  57. 

recovery  against,  431. 

liable  for  all  d.,  431. 

under  Civil  Damage  Act,  1251. 
JOKE,  d.  not  mitigated  because  caused  by,  432. 
JOLTS,  at  connections,  1150. 

JOURNEY,  caused  by  failure  to  deliver  telegram,  881o. 
JUDEX,  1312. 

office  of  the,  under  the  Roman  law,  18,  22,  23. 
JUDGE,  liable  for  malfeasance  in  ministerial  duty,  692g. 

liability  on  bond  of,  692ff. 

relative  power  of,  1311. 

power  of,  relatively  to  jury.    See  Court. 
JUDGMENT  in  tort,  bar  to  second  suit,  84. 

rendered  in  other  action,  856. 

satisfaction  of,  coupers  right  to  do  act,  94. 

expense  of  setting  aside  wrongful,  226c,  n. 

no  recovery  of  counsel  fees  in  suit  to  set  aside,  235a. 

form  of,  on  contract  payable  in  gold,  271. 

interest  on,  334. 

no  exemplary  d.  for  execution  of,  3776. 

assignment  of,  634. 

d.  for  breach  of  term  of  assignment  of,  634 

d.  for  wrongful  discharge  of,  634. 

recovery  on  bond  to  pay,  684. 

d.  for  injunction  against  collecting,  685(7. 

amount  of,  recoverable  on  bail  bond,  686. 

recoverable  on  appeal  bond,  688. 

no  recovery  for  loss  of,  by  appeal  which  does  not  suspend  its  operation, 
688a. 

in  replevin  suit,  amount  of  recoverable  on  bond,  689a. 

recovery  of  value  of,  in  action  on  sheriff's  bond,  692i. 

indenmity  against,  795. 

effect  of,  in  suit  against  surety,  802. 

in  ejectment  not  conclusive  as  to  period  of  possession,  911. 

recoupment  on  sale  of,  1061. 

a  bar  in  elevated  railway  eases,  1206. 

form  of,  1207. 

arrest  of,  for  error  in  awarding  d.,  1277. 

when  arrested  for  misjoinder,  1277. 

the  conflict  of  laws  as  to  interest  upon,  1378. 


INDEX  3241 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
JUDGMENT— Conimwed. 

confessed,  in  condemnation  proceedings,  1109,  n. 

on  official  bond,  security  for  further  recovery,  692. 
JUDICIAL  ACT,  no  exemplary  d.  for,  3776. 
JUDICIAL  BONDS,  miscellaneous,  QQld. 
JUDICIAL  OFFICER,  recovery  on  bond  of,  692^. 
JUDICIAL  OBJECTION  to  English  rule,  1105. 
JUNCTION,  expenses  of  waiting  at,  recoverable,  863. 
JUNIOR  MORTGAGE,  effect  of,  on  amount  of  recovery,  497/. 
JUNK  shop,  measure  of  d.  for  injury  to  owner  of,  180. 
JURISDICTION,  affected  by  d.,  1285. 
JURORS,  originally  witnesses,  1316. 
JURY,  trial  by,  17. 

its  origin,  18. 

quantum  of  d.  a  question  for,  19. 

called  "chancellors,"  19,  397,  605. 

early  indefiniteness  of  its  powers,  19. 

value  found  by,  without  evidence,  171a. 

fact  and  amount  of  future  loss  a  question  for,  172a. 

determines  reasonableness  of  expense  of  attempt  to  avoid  loss,  228. 

discretion  of,  as  to  interest,  289,  295,  317,  321,  324. 

allowance  of  interest  formerly  for,  295. 

interest  for  negligent  injury  allowed  in  discretion  of,  318. 

original  position  of,  in  assessment  of  d.,  349. 

allowed  to  give  liberal  d.  imder  circumstances  of  aggravation,  350. 

how  far  controlled  by  court  in  awarding  exemplary  d.,  387. 

question  of  allowing  exemplary  d.  for,  387. 

not  to  be  instructed  to  give  exemplary  d.,  387. 

or  not  to  give  them,  if  any  evidence  justifies  them,  387. 

relation  of,  to  award  of  exemplary  d.,  387. 

amount  of  exemplary  d.  for,  388. 
subject  to  revision  of  court,  388. 

discretion  of,  in  Alabama,  in  allowing  higher  intermediate  value,  515. 

discretion  of,  in  assessing  future  loss  from  death,  574. 

what  to  consider  in  actions  for  death  of  minor,  575. 

discretion  of,  in  determining  amount  of  d.  for  death,  582. 

in  actions  of  contract,  605. 

former  vague  discretion  of,  in  action  of  contract,  605. 

discretion  of,  in  allowing  d.  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  637. 

must  assess  actual  d.,  in  action  on  bond,  675e. 

former  discretion  of,  811. 

relative  power  of,  1311. 

rule  changed  by  statute,  1317. 

decides  all  questions  of  fact,  1317. 

judges  as  to  exemplary  d.,  1318. 

improper  reasoning  by,  not  conclusive,  1319. 

power  of,  to  act  without  evidence  of  d.,  1322. 

wrong  measure  of  d.  adopted  by,  1323. 

modes  of  computing  d,  allowed,  1324. 

verdict  of,  when  set  aside  as  excessive,  1325^^. 


3242  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sectionR,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

JUST  COMPENSATION,  meaning  of,  1150. 

JUSTICE  OF  THE  PEACE,  d.  against,  for  negHgenee,  559. 

JUSTIFICATION,  PLEA  OF,  as  aggravation  of  d.  for  libel  and  slander,  447. 

fot  false  imprisonment,  466. 

for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  640a. 
JUSTINIAN,  institutes  of,  1314. 
JUSTINIAN'S  LAWS,  definition  of  d.  in,  22. 

as  to  sale  of  chattels,  782. 
JUTE,  d.  for  failure  to  furnish  cargo  of,  858. 

KANSAS,  change  of  street  grade  in,  1112<t. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 

railroad  under  no  obligation  to  construct  farm-crossings  in,  1167. 
■KEEPING  CATTLE  OUT,  annoyance  of,  1164. 

cost  of,  1164. 
KENTUCKY,  rule  of  d.  for  death  in,  574a. 

recovery  of  higher  intermediate  Value  of  goods  sold,  746. 

rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  covenant  of  warranty,  959'. 

"consequential  damages  "  in,  1123. 

provision  of  constitution  on  eminent  dbmaih,  1123. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1138o. 
KILLING  STOCK,  danger  of,  1165,  1165e. 
KIN.    See  Next  op  Kin. 
KIND  of  property  which  may  be  taken,  1107. 
KINDNESS,  of  child,  recovery  for  loss  of,  576. 

KINSHIP,  of  parties,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  6416. 
KNEE,  excessive  d.  for  breaking,  1348. 
KNOWLEDGE,  of  injury  necessary  before  consequences  avoided,  223. 

LABEL,  UNION,  liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  contract  not  to  use,  415,  416. 
LABOR,  special  evidence  of  capacity  to,  171a,  n. 

d.  for  injury  to  capacity  for,  484,  486. 

recovery  for  loss  of  capacity  for,  485. 

expended  on  converted  property,  recovery  for,  499/". 

recovery  of  value  increased  by,  in  rephjvin,  534. 

ability  and  disposition  of  deceased  to,  574a. 

breach  of  contract  for  exchange  of,  621. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  expend,  on  property,.  633ci. 

d.  for  loss  of,  by  injunction,  685/. 

bestowed  on  property  taken  by  replevin,  allowance  for,  690". 

of  defendant,  allowance  for,  in  action  for  cutting  trees,  934. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  convey  land  in  return  for,  1012. 

excessive  d.  for  inability  to,  1354. 
LABORER,  leaving  before  expiration  of  time,  151. 

value  of  services  found  by  jury,  171a,  n. 

value  of  time  of,  255. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  employ,  607. 
LACHES,  as  barring  interest,  3016. 

interest  prevented  by,  3116,  340. 

of  creditor,  as  barring  interest,  340. 


INDEX  3243 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.J 

LACK  of  legal  authority,  1110. 
LADING,  d.  for  delay  in,  857. 
LAND, 

I. — General  Pmncipms 

nominal  d.  for  injuring,  99,  101,  107a,  n. 

for  attachment,  682. 
evidence  of  profits  of  dealer  in,  181  n. 
intended  for  sale,  185. 
expense  of  restoring  after  injury,  226d. 
interest  on  a  contract  for  sale  of,  3016. 

for  failure  to  convey,  312. 

in  action  for  flooding,  316. 

in  action  for  removal  of  material  from,  317. 

on  compensation  for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  331a. 
exemplary  d.,  373. 

deposit  to  secure  contract  to  convey,  whether  penalty,  414. 
fraud  in  securing  conveyance  of,  439d. 
nominal  d.  for  attachment  of,  682. 
d.  on  injunction  preventing  use  of,  685a. 

no  recovery  for  depreciation  in  value  of,  on  inJTmction  bond,  685a. 
d.  on  injunction  against  taking  profit  from,  6856. 
miscellaneous  injunctions  concerning,  685c. 
appeal  from  judgment  for  recovery  of,  688a. 
bond  on  obtaining  license  to  sell,  692;. 
proceeds  of  sale  of,  whether  recoverable  on  executor's  or  adaiinistrator's 

bond,  692j. 
payment  in,  796,  800. 
d.  against  agent  for  care  of,  829. 
negligence  of  agent  to  sell,  829. 

agent  employed  to  srfl,  entitled  to  what  d.  for  discharge,  834c. 
compensation  for  broker  employed  to  sell,  834d. 
liability  of  agent  for  imauthorized  sate  of,  835. 
loss  of  sale  of,  through  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  883. 
entire  or  repeated  d.  for  injury  to,  89  el  seq. 

d.  after  suit  btoa^t  for  breach  of  contract  to  convey,  89. 

for  causing  to  faH,  91,  93a. 

for  wrongfully  placing  structure  ob,  91. 

for  trespass  on,  92. 

for  excavation  in,  92. 

for  unauthorized  private  use  or  structure,  93. 

for  lawful  use  or  structure,  95. 
value  of,  253. 

for  special  purpose,  252. 

for  future  use,  253. 

when  subject  to  easement,  243c. 

when  covered  by  water,  243c. 

not  valued  in  money  in  early  times,  951. 
recoupment  in  action  for  price  of,  1040,  1052. 

for  fraud  in  sale  of,  1052. 

for  breach  of  covenant  for  title  of,  1053. 


3244  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LAND — Continued. 

for  trespass  by  grantor  of,  1055. 

for  fraud  in  effecting  lease  of,  1056. 

cannot  include  value  for  speculative  purpose,  1018. 
profits  of,  whether  recoverable  on  title  bond,  1054. 
special  d.  to,  must  be  alleged,  1265 
evidence  of  value  of,  1295. 

verdict  for  injury  to,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 
II. — Injury  to  Limited  Interest  in 

d.  recoverable  for  injury  to  a  limited  interest  in,  69  el  seq. 

to  an  occupant  of,  70. 

to  a  lessee  of,  71,  926. 

to  a  life-tenant  of,  72. 

to  a  mortgagee  of,  73,  927. 

to  a  reversioner,  74,  926. 

to  a  possessor,  926. 

to  a  tenant,  926. 

to  a  vendee,  927. 

to  a  lessor,  927. 

to  a  mortgagor,  73,  927. 

to  a  tenant  in  common,  74. 
recovery  by  executor  for  d.  during  testator's  life,  836. 
III. — Actions  fob  Possession  of 

the   general   principles   modified   in    actions   concerning   real   estate, 

898. 
actions  for  possession  of  real  estate,  899. 
d.  in  real  actions  in  the  early  law,  900. 
ejectment,  901. 

nominal  d.  in  ejectment  suit,  902. 
ejectment,  payment  for  improvements,  903. 
improvements  under  Louisiana  Code,  904. 
mesne  profits  and  damages,  905. 
mesne  profits  always  recoverable,  906. 
d.  given  by  the  early  law,  907. 
general  rule  in  actions  to  recover  mesne  profits,  908. 
recovery  measured  by  the  net  profits,  909. 
use  of  improvements  made  by  defendant,  909a. 
waste  or  injury  to  the  freehold,  910. 
period  during  which  compensation  may  be  recovered,  911. 
time  from  which  compensation  may  be  recovered,  912. 
time  to  which  compensation  may  be  recovered,  913. 
statute  of  Umitations,  914. 
allowance  for  improvements,  915. 
good  faith  required,  916. 

for  what  improvements  allowance  is  made,  917. 
payment  of  necessary  expenses  by  the  defendant,  918. 
interest  on  mesne  profits,  919. 
costs  and  counsel  fees,  920. 
dower,  921. 
dower  in  improvements,  922. 


INDEX  3245 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

TuhNV)— Continued. 

IV. — Wrongful  Interference  with 
o.  General  principles 

injuries  to  real  property,  how  compensated,  923. 

single  or  continuing  tort,  924. 

permanent  tort,  924o. 

injury  by  digging  is,  924o. 
measure  of  d.  for,  932. 

loss  of  support,  925. 

consequential  d.,  927. 

inevitable  loss  through  other  causes,  928. 

aggravation,  929. 

reduction  and  mitigation,  929a. 

exemplary  d.,  930. 

treble  d.,  930a. 
5.  Trespass 

right  of  action,  931. 

general  rule,  932. 

destruction  of  trees,  933. 

value  enhanced  by  defendant's  labor,  934. 

the  rule  in  Wisconsin,  934o. 

removal  of  minerals,  935. 

removal  or  destruction  of  buildings,  935a. 

other  severance  from  the  realty,  9356. 

accounts  between  owners,  936. 

destruction  of  annual  crops,  937. 

destruction  of  permanent  crops,  937a. 

destruction  of  turf,  866,  937a. 

destruction  of  fences,  938. 

removal  of  soil,  939. 

mills  and  flowage,  940. 

diversion  or  obstruction  of  water,  avoidable  consequences,  941. 

removal  of  chattels,  943. 

other  injuries  to  real  property,  944. 

cattle  d.  feasant,  945. 

erection  of  embankment  on,  98. 

excavation  in,  32  n. 

trespass  on,  107o,  n. 

obstructing  use  of,  184. 

wrongful  eviction  from,  188. 

wrongfully  piling  bushes  on,  2146. 

wrongful  attachment,  or  levy  of  execution  on,  565c2. 

wrongful  sale  of,  by  creditor,  944. 

c.  Nuisance 

special  d.  necessary,  946. 

general  rule,  947. 

removable  nuisance,  elements  of  loss,  948. 

liability  and  right  of  recovery,  949. 

d.  Waste 

action  of  waste,  950. 


3246  INDEX 

[References  are  to  eections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LAND — Continued . 
e.  Flooding 

d.  for,  33,  64,  85c,  86o,  866,  88,  91,  101,  191,  942. 
reduction  of,  66. 
injury  to  tenant,  71. 
V. — Covenants  of  Title 
o.  Introductory 
real  covenants,  restricted  recovery,  951. 
the  ancient  warranty,  952. 
personal  covenants  in  deeds,  953. 
civil  law  analogies,  954. 
French  Code,  955. 
6.  Covenants  of  warranty  and  for  quiet  enjoyment 
what  constitutes  a  breach,  956. 

recovery  of  consideration  on  total  breach;  New  York  rule,  957. 
improvements  excluded  by  New  York  rule,  958. 
the  New  York  rule  followed  in  most  states,  959. 
good  faith  required,  960. 
assignee's  d.,  961. 

recovery  of  value  at  time  of  eviction,  improvements  included;  New  Eng- 
land rule,  962. 
general  discussion  of  the  rules,  963. 
proof  of  consideration,  964. 
where  the  consideration  is  not  pecuniary,  965. 

c.  Covenants  of  seisin  and  right  to  convey 
consideration  with  interest  and  expenses  recoverable,  966. 

d.  Covenants  against  incumbrances 
general  principles,  967. 
incumbrance  removable,  968. 
total  eviction,  969. 

permanent  incumbrance  on  the  land,  970. 

improvements,  971. 

covenant  to  remove  incumbrances,  972. 

e.  General  principles 
nominal  d.,  973. 
mortgages,  974. 

eviction  from  part  of  land,  975. 
partial  failure  of  title,  976. 

after  acquired  title,  American  doctrine  of  estoppel  by  deed,  977.  ^ 
reduction  of  d.,  978. 

title  perfected  by  grantee,  expenses  recoverable,  979. 
expenses  must  be  reasonable,  980. 
consequential  d.  not  recoverable,  980a. 
interest,  981. 

expense  of  defending  or  of  obtaining  possession,  982. 
counsel  fees,  983. 
VI. — ^Actions  Between  Landlord  and  Tenant 
a.  Actions  against  landlord 

failure  to  give  possession  of  leased  premises,  984. 
consequential  d.  for  failure  to  obtain  possesion,  984a. 


INDEX  3247 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LAND — Continued. 

covenant  for  quiet  enjoyment:  early  rule,  985. 

exception  to  early  rule,  986. 

present  rule,  987. 
wrongful  eviction  by  the  landlord,  988. 
consequences  of  eviction,  988a. 
lease  of  farm  for  share  of  crop,  989. 
tort  by  landlord  against  tenant,  990. 
illegal  distraint,  990a. 

illegal  entry  on  the  demised  premises,  990&. 
fraud  in  procuring  tenant,  990c. 
covenant  to  repair,  991. 
consequential  loss,  992. 
covenant  to  make  improvements,  993. 

to  rebuild,  994. 

to  furnish  heat  and  power,  995. 

to  renew,  996. 

to  pay  for  improvements,  997. 

to  allow  removal  of  buildings,  fixtures,  etc.,  998. 
other  covenants  by  the  lessor,  999. 
b.  Actions  against  tenant 

landlord's  action  to  recover  rent,  999a. 
reduction  and  recoupment,  9996,  1057. 
excuse  from  payment  of  rent,  999c. 
apportionment  of  rent,  999d. 
action  for  use  and  occupation,  999e. 
abandonment  of  lease  by  tenant,  999/. 
tort  by  tenant,  999?. 
covenant  to  repair,  999^. 

to  insure,  999i. 

to  give  up  possession,  999y. 
other  covenants  by  the  lessee,  999k. 
costs  as  between  lessee  and  sub-lessee,  1000. 
VII. — Contracts  for  the  Sale  of 
a.  Breach  by  vendor 

English  rule,  Flureau  v.  Thornhill,  1001. 

cases  following  Flureau  v.  Thornhill,  1002. 

Engel  V.  Fitch,  1003. 

Bain  v.  Fothergill,  present  English  rule,  1004. 

general  considerations,  1005. 

American  jurisdictions  following  ithe  English  rule,  1006. 

exceptional  oases;  vendor  refuses  to  convey,  being  able  to  do  bo,  1007. 

vendor  contracts  with  reference  to  complete  title,  1008. 

the  rule  of  nominal  d.,  1009. 

substantial  d.  in  case  of  bad  faith,  1010. 

d.  for  failure  to  convey  in  exchange  for  other  land,  1010. 

in  case  of  knowledge  that  title  is  in  third  party,  1011. 

substantial  d.  always  recoverable,  general  rule  in  America,  1012. 

rescission,  1012a. 

reduction  of  d.,  1013. 


3248  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LAND — Continued. 

payment  in  advance,  1014. 

Nichols  V.  Freeman,  1015. 

quality  or  quantity  deficient,  1016. 

expenses,  1017. 

measure  of  value,  1018. 

covenant  to  make  partition,  1019. 

barter  contracts,  1020. 

d.  in  actions  to  enforce  specific  performance,  1021. 

d.  for  delay  in  making  conveyance,  1021o. 

consequential  d.,  1022. 
6.  Breach  by  vendee 

difference  between  value  and  contract  price  recoverable,  1023. 

contract  price  recoverable  in  some  States,  1024. 

interest  and  expenses,  1025. 

forfeiture  of  deposits,  1027. 

parol  contract,  651. 
c.  Fraud  in  sale  of  land 

measure  of  d.  for  fraud,  1027. 

consequential  d.  for  fraud,  1027a. 

deficiency  in  quantity,  1028. 

the  rule  in  Smith  v.  BoUes,  1029. 

recoupment  for,  1052. 
VIII. — Other  Contracts  Concerning 
'  to  build  house  on,  186. 

station  on,  620  n. 
railroad  on,  620  n.,  630. 

to  loan  money  for  buying,  179  n.,  622. 

to  clear,  614  n.,  618  n. 

to  work  on,  614  n. 

to  excavate,  618  re. 

to  plant  vines  on,  620  n. 

to  maintain  crossings  on,  620  n. 

to  establish  business  on,  620  re. 

bond  to  give  title  to,  679a. 

d.  for  delay  in  making  conveyance  of,  1021a. 
IX. — Taking  by  Eminent  Domain 
o.  General  principles 

measure  of  d.  for,  1080. 

mjuriously  affected,  1088,  1090,  1102. 

interference  with  privacy,  1096. 

meaning  of  interest  in,  1097. 

subject  to  covenant,  1097. 

contract  right  to  sink  shaft  for  minerals  in,  1097. 

appraisal  of,  in  Minnesota,  1112a,  re. 

not  taken,  incidental  injury  to,  112a,  n.,  1113,  1119,  1151. 

taking  under  New  York  Constitution,  1113. 

use  of,  for  other  purposes,  1116,  1152  n. 

not  taken,  d.  to,  by  railroad,  1123  re. 

reclaiming  waste,  is  special  benefit,  1130. 


INDEX  3249 

[References  afe  to  seetionSi  d.  means  dSinage;  n.  means  note.] 
LAND — Continued. 

unreasonable  use  of  adjacent,  1149a. 
recognition  of,  by  deed,  as  street,  il496. 
improvemente  placed  on,  after  drder  of  Cofldeflinatioii,  1151. 
occupation  of,  with  consent,  1151  n. 
not  taken,  d.  to,  in  Illinois,  1151  n. 
d.  to  entire  tract  recoverable,  1154. 
claim  for  taking  does  not  run  with,  1154c. 
benefit  of  adjacent  land  from  improvement,  11^2. 
separation  of  grazing,  from  watfef,  ll6S. 
support  of  surface  by  coal-bearing,  1166e. 
possibiUty  of  procuring  other,  U^S. 
improvements  affixed  to,  1174, 
by  raihoad,  1175. 
6.  Nature  of  land  taken 
improved,  1104. 
mineral,  1105. 
highway,  11496. 
undeveloped,  1150. 
filled,  1151. 
oil-bearing,  1166c. 
timber,  1167  n. 
ferry,  1173. 

c.  Value  of 

value  in  general,  1080,  1081;  1162,  1175. 

no  market  value,  ll7le. 

evidence  of  pfi6e,- 1149  n. 

for  any  purpose,  1085,  11496. 

peculiar  mode  of  using,  1171. 
value  for  abutment  for  bridge,  11716. 

buildings,  11716. 

church,  11716. 

lots,  1171o. 

placer  iniidng,  1171d. 

railroad  terminal,  11716. 

residence,  11716. 

school,  1081. 

summer  boarding  hotlse,  11716. 

track  connection,  11716. 

truck  gardeiiing,  117l6. 
value  of  land  enriched  with  sediment  from  river,  11716* 

farm  land,  1163. 

near  railroad,  I17I6. 

containing  spring  of  water,  1165. 

wild  land,  il63. 

d.  For  what  purpose  taken 
boat  railway,  Il7l6. 
bridge,  1171a,  1171e. 
dam,  1162. 

levee,  1166rf. 

204 


3250  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LAND — Continued. 

portage  railway,  1171e. 

railroad,  1151  n.,  11716,  1175. 

reservoir,  1151  n.,  1162,  11716. 

eewer,  1102,  1110  n. 

street,  1110  n.,  11496. 

water,  11716. 

widen  river,  11716. 
e.  How  damaged 

taking,  1080,  1099,  1113,  1120. 

flooding,  1108  n.,  11.10  n.,  1116,  1166d. 
with  surface  water,  1123  n.,  1166d. 
with  sewage,  1123. 

throwing  stones  on,  1111. 
earth  and  trees,  1110  n. 

encroaching  on,  1123  n. 

filling  and  cutting,  1150. 

injuring,  1120. 

raising  water  level,  1116  n. 

causing  to  slide,  1080,  1117  n. 

depriving  of  use,  1117. 
LAND  CERTIFICATES,  contract  to  transfer,  1013. 
LAND  SCRIP,  value  of,  262. 
LANDING  FERRY,  site  for,  11716. 
LANDOWNER,  costs  and  expenses,  II660. 

compensation  for  detriment  to,  1150. 
LANDS  CLAUSES  CONSOLIDATION  ACT,  1079. 

provisions  of,  quoted,  1105.. 

decisions  under,  referred  to,  1113. 

construction  of,  1118. 

See  Eminent  Domain. 
LANGUAGE,  intentionally  insulting,  43^. 

annoying,  overheard,  43/,  n. 
LANGUAGE  OF  CONTRACT  not  conclusive  as  to  liquidated  d.,  408. 
LANDLORD,  tenancy  at  will  wrongfully  terminated  by,  87. 

breach  of  agreement  to  repair,  209. 

out  of  possession  need  not  make  repairs,  210. 

recovery  by,  on  replevin  bond,  6916,  n. 

recovery  by,  927. 

recovery  by,  for  injury  to  land  by  tenant,  936. 

recoupinent  by,  1042. 

for  tort  of,  1058. 

recovery  by,  for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  1157. 
o.  Actions  against  landlord 

failure  to  give  possession  of  leased  premises,  984. 

consequential  d.  for  failure  to  obtain  possession,  984a. 

covenant  for  quiet  enjoyment:  early  rule,  985. 
exception  to  early  rule,  986. 
present  rule,  987. 

wrongful  eviction  by  the  landlord,  988. 


INDEX  3251 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  w.  means  note.] 

LANDLORD— Continued. 

consequences  of  eviction,  988ffl. 
lease  of  farm  for  share  of  crop,  989. 
tort  by  landlord  upon  tenant,  990. 
illegal  distraint,  990o. 

illegal  entry  on  the  demised  premises,  9906. 
•fraud  in  procuring  tenant,  990c. 
covenant  to  repair,  991. 
consequential  loss,  992. 
covenant  to  make  improvements,  993. . 

to  rebuild,  994. 

to  furnish  heat  and  power,  995. 

to  renew,  996. 

to  pay  for  improvements,  997. 

to  allow  removal  of  buildings,  fixtures,  etc.,  998. 
other  covenants  by  the  lessor,  999. 
6.  Actions  against  tenant 

landlord's  action  to  recover  rent,  999o. 
reduction  and  recoupment,  9996. 
excuse  from  payment  of  rent,  999c. 
apportionment  of  rent,  999d. 
action  for  use  and  occupation,  999e. 
abandonment  of  lease  by  tenant,  999/. 
tort  by  tenant,  9993. 
covenant  to  repair,  999h. 

to  insure,  999i. 

to  give  up  possession,  999y. 
other  covenants  by  the  lessee,  999fc. 
costs  as  between  lessee  and  sub-lessee,  1000. 
LANDLORD  AND  TENANT,  nommal  d.  in  actions  between,  101. 

avoidable  consequences  in  actions  between,  for  failure  to  repair,  209, 210. 
actions  between,  2044. 
LATERAL  SUPPORT,  removal  of,  1110  n.,  1123  n. 
right  of,  1149a. 
See  Support  op  Land. 
LAW,  Anglo-Saxon,  7. 
wager  of,  16. 
Jewish,  20. 
Hindoo,  21. 
Roman,  22. 
measure  of  d.  a  matter  of,  31. 

even  in  tort  with  no  aggravating  circumstances,  429. 
effect  of  error  of,  84. 

allowance  of  interest  a  matter  of,  296,  297. 
compensation  for  breach  of  contract  a  matter  of,  606. 
measure  of  d.  a  question  of,  606. 
rescission  of  contract  by  act  of,  655c. 
performance  of  contract  prevented  by,  655c. 
interruption  of  performance  of  service  by,  672. 
d.  against  agent  a  matter  of,  811,  817. 


3252  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LAW — Continued. 

d.  against  carriers  a  matter  of,  840. 

set-off  at,  1031. 

liability  for  acts  not  actionable  at,  1121. 

early,  in  Louisiana  on  eminent  domain,  1123. 

civil.    See  Civil  La*. 
LAW,  COMMON,  usually  gives  redress  by  awarding  pecuniary  d.,  2,  4. 

aim  of,  as  to  d.,  29,  30. 

relieves  only  in  case  of  actual  injury,  96. 
LAWN,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  grade,  614  w. 
LAWYER,  injury  to,  180. 
LAYING  of  sewer,  1123  n. 
LAYING  OUT  of  streets,  1151  n. 

of  way,  1151  n. 

private  way  as  public  way,  1178. 
LAYING  TRACKS  without  owner's  Consent,  1175. 
LEAKAGE,  d.  from,  1164. 

from  canal,  1164. 

of  gas,  risk  from,  1165. 
LEASE,  failure  to  give  possession  undet,  inconvenience  of  othef  quarters,  42. 

wrongful  termination  of,  90. 

covenant  not  to  assign,  148. 

value  of,  188, 1157. 

consequential  d.  for  breach  of,  167,  185,  1022. 

avoidable  consequences  for  breach  of,  208,  221. 

of  barge  for  freighting,  211. 

covenant  in,  to  furnish  power,  212&. 

of  theatre,  d.  for  breach  before  time  for  performance,  213. 

avoidable  consequences  of  breach  of  covenant  for  quiet  enjoyment,  218. 

offer  of  other  premises  after  breach  of  contract  to  make,  222. 

recovery  of  cOst  of  removal  after  breach  of,-  226g. 

recovery  of  time  spent  in  looking  up  othef  premises  on  breach  of  con- 
tract for,  226i. 

value  of  document  containing,  260. 

value  of  indenture  of,  260. 

interest  on  d.  for  breach  of  covenant  in,  312  n. 

liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  covenant  to  assign,  400. 

for  delay  in  surrendering  possession  at  termination  of,  419. 

whether  provision  for  paj-ment  of  rent  in  advance  is  penalty,  414. 

of  oil  land,  d.  for  breach  of,  423. 

recovery  of  loss  of  stock  of  goods,  as  d.  iot  breach  of,  6076. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  give,  618  n. 

d.  on  covenant  against  incumbrances  because  of  existence  of,  969,  971. 

d.  for  incumbrance  of,  976. 

d.  for,  984. 

loss  of  profits  on,  984. 

recoupment  for  breach  of  covenant  in,  1057. 

recoupment  for  fraud  in  effecting,  1056. 

evidence  of  value  of,  1295. 

covenant  in.    See  Covenants. 


INDEX  3253 

[References  are  to  sections,  4.  means  darosgej  n.  me^ns  note.] 

LEASED  PREMISES,  contract  to  keep  free  from  brusji  and  burrs,  999k. 
LEASEHOLD,  taking  of,  1084. 

diminution  in  value  of,  1117. 
LEASEHOLD  INTEREST,  value  of,  in  eminent  domsw  proceedings,  1156, 1157. 

affected,  1172. 
LEAST  BENEFICIAL  ALTERNATIVE,  rule  of,  421. 
LEG,  oblique  break  of,  172. 

excessive  d.  for  breaking,  1348. 
for  loss  of,  1356. 
for  crippling,  1355. 
LEGACY,  interest  on,  301. 

contract  to  give,  606a. 

whether  recoverable  on  bond  of  executor  or  administrator,  SQ2j- 

recovery  on  parol  contract  to  leave,  651. 

covenant  to  pay,  789. 
LEGAL  AUTHORITY,  lack  of,  1110. 
LEGAL  RELIEF,  necessary  incompleteness  of,  32. 
LEGAL  SERVICES,  contract  for  payment  of,  612. 
LEGAL  SIGNIFICATION  of  "property,"  1117. 
LEGAL  TENDER.    See  Payment,  Medium  op. 

adoption  of  new,  269. 

account,  270,  271,  274. 
LEGES  AETHELBIRTHI,  9. 
LEGITIMATE  PURPOSES,  value  for,  1171a. 
LESSEE,  liability  of  corporation  in  exemplary  d.  for  act  of,  380. 

failure  of,  to  return  property  in  good  condition,  633&. 

recovery  by,  on  fire  policy,  725. 

d.  to,  1169. 
LESSEE  OF  CHATTELS,  d.  recoverable  by,  76. 

against  owner,  78. 
LESSEE  OF  LAND,  d.  recoverable  by,  71,  926. 

for  temporary  injury,  71. 

for  permanent  injury,  71. 

how  affected  by  covenant  to  repair,  71. 

deposit  by,  whether  liquidated  d.,  414. 

for  years,  insurable  interest  of,  725. 

recovery  by,  76,  926. 

d.  on  breach  of  covenant  by,  to  repair,  999h. 
LESSEE'S  DAMAGES  included  in  those  of  lessor,  1084. 
LESSOR,  recovery  by,  80. 

d.  on  breach  of  covenant  by,  to  repair,  991. 

taking  of  land  leased  back  to,  1106. 
LESSOR'S  DAMAGES  include  lessee's,  1084. 
LETTER,  failure  to  deliver  to  wife  of  plaintiff,  154. 
LEVEE,  building  of,  1109  n. 

obstruction  by,  to  drainage,  1166rf. 
LEVEE  PURPOSES,  condemnation  for,  1123  n. 

taking  of  land  for,  1166(i. 
LEVEL  of  water  on  land,  raising,  1116  n. 


3254  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LEVY,  failure  of  officer  to,  549. 

d.  against  sheriff  for  insufficient,  558. 
of  execution,  d.  for  wrongful,  565. 

d.  for  injunction  against,  685?. 

d.  on  sheriff's  bond  for  neglect,  692t. 
LEWIS,  on  eminent  domain,  quoted,  1149a. 
LIABILITY,  when  stands  in  place  of  actual  d.,  236. 

in  case  of  loss  by  collision  of  third  parties,  588. 
limitation  of,  in  admiralty,  590. 
of  endorser,  measure  of,  704. 
limitation  of,  on  policy  of  insurance,  726. 
contract  to  save  from,  788,  795. 
of  carrier  of  goods,,  limitation  of,  851. 
of  carrier  of  passengers,  nature  of,  859. 
for  loss  of  baggage,  873. 
of  telegraph  company,  nature  of,  875. 
limitation  of,  876. 
general  rule  of  pubUc,  1108. 
for  negligence,  effect  of. release  of  d.  on,  1110  n. 
of  city,  for  ultra  vires  act,  1110  n. 
of  individuals,  1120. 
for  acts  not  actionable  at  law,  1121. 
increased  to  overflow  of  water,  1164. 
of  stock  being  killed,  1165c. 
of  railroad  to  fence,  1167. 
LIBEL.   See  Defamation. 

causing  mental  anguish  to  mother,  43ff. 
recovery  for,  47. 

two  statements  of,  in  single  publication,  856. 
nominal  d.  for,  98. 
no  d.  shown,  107a,  n. 

d.  for  wrongful  placing,  upon  a  vessel,  214. 
recovery  of  litigation  expenses  in,  234. 
no  interest  in  action  for,  316. 

exemplary  d.  for  reckless  pubhcation  of,  351,  352,  368,  377. 
good  faith  may  mitigate  exemplary  d.  in  action  for,  383a. 
d.  for  aggravation  by  maUce  or  wantonness,  384a. 
for  mental  Buffering  by,  443. 
verdict  for,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 
LIBEL  AND  SLANDER,  right  of  action  for,  443. 
special  d.  for,  443. 
general  rule,  443. 
consequential  d.,  444. 
repetition  by  a  third  person,  444o. 
aggravation,  52,  445. 

social  and  pecuniary  position  of  the  parties,  445. 

by  character  and  standing  of  newspaper,  445. 

not  by  wealth  of  proprietor  of  newspaper,  445. 

by  social  position  of  plaintiff,  445. 

not  by  poverty  of  plaintiff,  445. 


INDEX  3255 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LIBEL  AND  SLAi^STfER— Continued. 

by  repetition  by  defendant,  446. 
other  charges  by  the  defendant  than  that  alleged,  446. 
plea  of  justification,  447. 
mitigation,  52,  448. 

insanity  of  defendant,  448. 
drunkenness  of  defendant,  448. 
heat  of  political  campaign,  448. 
disproof  of  actual  malice,  448o. 
imperfect  privilege,  448&. 
belief  in  truth  of  charge,  448c. 
repetition  of  earlier  charge  made  by  another,  448<i. 
provocation,  449. 
disproof  of  d.,  450. 
disbelief  in  truth  of  the  words,  450. 
rumor  of  truth,  451. 

bad  character  and  reputation  of  plaintiff,  451. 
truth,  452. 
retraction,  453. 
rule  in  Louisiana,  454. 
LIBELLOUS  PORTRAIT,  value  of,  265. 
LIBERTY,  compensation  for  injury  to,  39,  49,  458 
personal,  49. 

exemplary  d.  for  injury  to,  51. 
loss  of,  by  malicious  prosecution,  458. 
recovery  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  false  imprisonment,  462, 
LICENSE,  not  obtained  by  defendant  who  did  the  work,  148, 
expiration  of,  during  replevin  proceedings,  691. 
liability  of  judge  for  refusal  to  issue,  692^^. 

to  sell  real  estate,  bond  given  by  administrator  on  obtaining,  692y, 
power  to  grant,  1080. 
LICENSE  TO  USE  PATENT,  liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  term  of,  416, 
LICENSE  FEE  under  patent,  1216. 
apportionment  of,  1221. 
a  species  of  market  price,  1222. 
where  different  rights  are  involved,  1224. 
in  equity,  1225. 

where  none  is  established,  1226. 
LICENSEE  of  land  without  title  cannot  recover  in  eminent  domain  proceedings, 

1154a. 
LIEN,  recovery  on  indemnity  bond  against,  238. 
interest  on  money  paid  to  satisfy,  304. 
d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  freedom  from,  774, 
freight  constitutes,  844. 
d.  for  destruction  of,  by  misdelivery,  853. 
recoupment  in  action  to  enforce  mechanic's,  1044. 
recoupment  in  action  to  enforce  vendor's,  1052. 
LIENHOLDER,  recovery  by,  55a. 
LIENOR,  d.  recoverable  by,  76. 

d.  against  owner  recoverable  by,  78. 


3256  IHTDEX 

{References  are  U>  sections,  d-  means  damage;  n.  mmm  mte-] 

JjIENOR— Continued. 

d.  recoverable  by  owner  agajnst,  80. 
LIFE,  inabiUty  to  enjoy,  basis  of  recovery,  4fio. 

value  of,  263,  572. 

not  calculable  in  money,  729. 

exemplary  d.  for  gross  negligence  endangering,  368. 

plaintiff's  expectation  of,  considered  in  actions  for  dsatfa,  574o. 

evidence  of  probable  duration  of,  581. 

breach  of  contract  to  employ  for,  666. 

evidence  of  duration  of,  1306. 

excessive  d.  for  shortening,  1362. 
LIFE  ESTATE,  d.  for  incumbrance  by  outstanding,  976. 
LIFE  INSURANCE.    See  Instjbance. 

value  of  poUcy  of,  259. 
LIFE  INTEREST,  m  mineral  land,  taking  of,  1105. 
LIFE  TABLES  used  to  estimate  d.  for  permanent  disability,  484. 

admissible  in  evidence,  485,  561,  1306. 

not  conclusive,  485,  1306. 
LIFE  TENANT  of  chattels,  d.  recoverable  by,  83. 

of  land,  d.  recoverable  by,  72. 

recovery  by,  on  poUcy  of  insurance,  725. 

liable  for  waste  in  Nbw  York,  950. 

may  recover  compensation  in  eminent  domain  proceedings,  1154a. 

compensation  recoverable  by,  for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  1156. 
LIGHT,  d.  for  intorrupting  easement  of,  944. 

of  warehouse,  affecting,  1104. 

and  air,  destruction  of  easements  of,  1115. 

invasion  of  easement  of,  1116. 

obstruction  of,  1121. 

e^em^ts  of,  1165a. 

and  air,  obstruction  of  access,  1092. 
LIGHTS,  must  be  ancient,  32  n. 

obstruction  of,  93,  1096. 
by  wall,  74. 
LIGHTSHIP,  value  of,  2436. 
LILIES,  value  of,  496. 

LIMITATION  of  amount  of  recovery  for  death,  571a. 
LIMITATION  OF  LIABILITY,  in  admiralty,  500. 

on  policy  of  insurance,  726. 

of  carrier,  851. 

of  telegraph  company,  876. 
LIMITATIONS,  statute  of,  86b. 

runs  from  breach,  84. 

recovery  of  mesne  profits  how  affected  by,  914. 
LIMIT  OF  TIME  for  claiming  d.,  ynder  statute,  1151  ». 
LIMITED  OWNERSHIP,  d.  as  affected  by,  68. 

d.  recoverable  by  owner  of  limited  interest  in  land,  69. 
by  an  occupant  of  land,  70. 
by  a  lessee  of  land,  71. 
by  a  life-tenant  of  land,  72. 


INDEX  3257 

[Relereaces  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LIMITED  OWNERSHIP— Cowttnued. 

by  a  mortgagee  or  mortgagor  of  land,  73. 

by  a  reversioner,  74. 

by  a  tenant  in  common  of  land,  75. 

by  a  possessor  of  chattels  against  a  stranger,  76. 

in  replevin  by  one  who  counts  on  possession  merely,  77. 

by  the  possessor  of  chattels  in  an  action  against  tlje  owner,  78. 

by  a  possessor  of  chattels  where  the  owner  cannot  recover  the  fuU 
value,  79. 

by  an  owner  of  chattels  out  of  possession,  80. 

by  a  party  to  a  conditional  sale,  80a. 

by  the  mortgagor  or  mortgagee  of  chattels,  81. 

between  the  parties  to  a  mortgage  of  chattels,  82. 

by  the  part  owner  of  chattels,  83. 
interest  of  creditor  in  property  fraudulently  transferred,  83o. 
recovery  by  owner  of,  for  conversion,  4976. 
recovery  in  replevin  by  owner  of,  531a. 
in  property  replevied,  691a. 

in  property  affecting  recovery  on  replevin  bond,  6915. 
recovery  on  marine  policy  by  owner  of;  712a. 
recovery  on  policy  against  fire  by  owner  of,  725. 
recovery  by  owner  of,  for  trespass  on  real  estate,  926. 
See  Owner,  Special. 
LIMITING  CAPACITY  of  business,  1152a. 
LINE,  other  than  stipulated,  construction  on,  1152  n. 

depth  of,  1166c. 
LIQUIDATED  DAMAGES,  connection  of,  with  alternative  contracts,  281,  421- 
424a. 
interest  on,  301,  333. 

interest  at  stipulated  rate  after  maturity  amounts  to,  331. 
amount  of  d.  stipulated  by  the  parties,  389. 
refusal  of  courts  to  enforce  a  penalty,  390. 
liquidated  d.  ^n4  penalty,  391. 
classification  of  the  subject,  392. 
general  observations,  393. 
recovery  beyond  penalty,  393  n. 
early  English  cases,  394. 
decisions  in  the  Court  of  Chancery,  395. 
Lowe  V.  Peers,  396. 
Fletcher  v.  Dyche,  397. 
leading  cases,  Astley  v.  Weldon,  398. 
Kemble  v.  Farren,  399. 
early  New  York  cases,  400. 
Dakin  v.  Williams,  401. 
Tayloe  v.  Sandiford,  402. 
Streeper  v.  Williams,  403. 
Bagley  v.  Peddie,  404. 
on  actor's  contracts,  398,  399. 
on  exchange  or  conveyance  of  land,  400,  1020. 
on  sale  of  newspaper,  401. 


3258  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LIQUIDATED  DAMAGES— Continued. 
for  delay  in  construction,  402. 
on  failure  to  convey  land,  403. 
on  agreement  of  apprenticeship,  404. 
general  rule,  405. 
intent  of  the  parties,  406. 

principle  of  compensation  must  be  observed  in  fixing,  406. 
the  liquidation  must  be  reasonable,  407. 
language  not  conclusive,  rule  in  case  of  doubt,  408. 
breach  of  contract  necessary,  408a. 
rules  of  interpretation,  409. 
penal  sum  coilateral  to  object  of  contract,  410. 
stipulated  sum  for  non-payment  of  smaller  sum,  411. 
not  allowed  where  d.  only  nominal,  411. 
stipulated  sum  obviously  greater  than  the  d.,  411a. 
stipulated  sum  not  proportioned  to  injury,  412. 

one  sum  stipulated  for  breach  of  contract  securing  several  things,  413. 
deposit  and  advance  payments  to  be  forfeited  on  default,  414. 
contracts  performed  in  part,  415. 
stipulated  sum  in  liquidation  of  uncertain  d.,  416. 
forfeiture  to  State  or  city  to  secure  contract  of  public  interest,  416o 
breach  of  contract  of  sale,  417. 
of  agreement  not  to  carry  on  business,  418. 
for  delay  in  completing  performance,  419. 
stipulations  to  evade  the  usury  laws,  420. 
valuation  and  pre-ascertainment,  420a. 
the  canons  of  interpretation  in  the  light  of  recent  cases,  420&. 
stipulated  d.  and  avoidable  consequences,  420c. 
alternative  contract.    Rule  of  least  beneficial  alternative,  421. 
Deverill  v.  Burnell,  422. 
ordinary  rule,  423. 

alternative  contracts  and  liquidated  d.,  424. 
general  conclusions;  the  "Abnegated  Option,"  424a. 
stipulation  of  d.  strictly  construed,  425. 
postponement  of  performance,  effect  of,  425. 
consequences  of  liquidating  d.,  426. 
binding  upon  both  parties,  426. 

specific  performance,  whether  liquidated  d.  take  away  right  to,  426. 
bail,  effect  of  liquidating  d.  on  right  to  hold  to,  426. 
statutory  regulations  of  liquidated  d.,  426a. 
civil  law,  393,  427. 
Roman  law  as  to,  392. 
under  French  Code,  427, 
under  Louisiana  Code,  427  n. 
for  breach  of  contract  of  service,  668. 
for  wrongful  discharge  of  domestic  servant,  668. 
debt  on  bond,  675a. 
d.  within  penalty,  6756. 
assignment  of  breaches,  675c. 
only  actual  loss  recoverable,  675d. 


INDEX  3259, 

p!leferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LIQUIDATED  DAMAGES— Coretoued. 

penal  sum  named  in  bond,  may  be,  676. 

on  note  equal  to  counsel  fees,  695c. 

deposit  at  auction,  1026. 

the  conflict  of  laws  as  to,  1381. 
LIQUIDATED  DEMANDS  and  UNLIQUIDATED  DEMANDS,  difference 
between  as  to  interest,  299. 

interest  on,  299,  300,  301. 
LIQUIDATION  of  d.  by  estoppel.   See  Estoppel. 
LIQUOR,  wrongful  sale  of,  182a,  n.,  1826. 

See  Civil  Damage  Act. 

sale  of,  remote  cause  of  d.,  36a,  n. 

value  when  forfeited  for  illegality,  265. 

contract  to  refrain  from  intoxicating,  liquidated  d.  for  breach  of,  415. 
LITIGATION,  recovery  for  loss  of  property  pending,  536a. 

d.  for  failure  to  carry  on,  607  n. 
LITIGATION,  EXPENSES  OP.    See  Expenses  oe  Litigation. 

in  action  for  malicious  prosecution,  459. 

in  action  for  false  imprisonment,  463. 

in  actions  of  replevin,  640. 

how  far  recoverable  in  admiralty,  589. 

recoverable,  on  breach  of  contract  to  arbitrate,  629. 

how  far  recoverable  on  attachment  bond,  682a. 

in  injunction  suit,  whether  recoverable,  685^.  et  seq. 

not  recoverable  where  suit  unnecessary,  704. 

recovery  of,  against  endorser,  705. 

recoverable  in  action  for  breach  of  warranty  of  goods  sold,  773. 

necessity  of  notice  of  suit,  805. 

recovery  of,  by  insurer  against  agent,  818a. 

against  vendor  not  chargeable  to  agent,  829. 

agent  entitled  to,  against  principal,  834. 

recoverable  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  920. 

recoverable  in  action  on  real  covenant,  982. 
LITIS  MSTIMATIO,  what,  23. 
LIVERY  STABLE,  recovery  of  rental  value,  171?i. 
LOAN,  fraud  in  securing,  439e. 

breach  of  contract  to  mak?,  622. 

expense  of  obtaining,  recoverable,  622. 

interest  on,  304. , 
LOAN  OF  MONEY,  interest  on,  304.  . 

agreement  to  make,  622. 
LOCAL  BENEFITS,  1128. 
LOCAL  RULES  as  to  benefits,  1131. 
LOCAL  STATUTES,  1167. 
LOCATION  on  street,  granting  of,  to  raiboad,  1108  n. 

of  side-track,  1109.- 

of  switch,  1109. 

of  round-house,  1111. 

of  sewer,  1112.  ' 

for  railroad,  taking  of,  1119  n. 


3260  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LOCATION— Cora^mued. 

of  pest-house  near  farm,  1123. 

time  of  filing,  1151. 
LOCOMOTIVE,  breach  of  warranty  on  sale  of,  164a. 
LODE,  encroachment  on,  1123  n. 
LODGING,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  give,  614  n. 
LODGING  HOUSE,  loss  of  profits  by  nuisance  of,  948. 
LOG.    See  Timber. 

LOGGING  CONTRACTS,  d.  for  breach  of,  614  n. 
LOGS,  failure  by  boom  company  to  turn  out,  164. 

inability  to  haul,  164o. 

profit  which  would  have  been  made  from  sawing  of,  186. 

detention  of,  189. 

to  be  sawed  in  mill,  199. 

contract  to  haul,  208re. 

value  of,  495. 

d.  for  conversion  of,  499,  502. 

breach  of  agreement  to  advance  money  to  market,  622. 

d.  for  failure  to  supply,  742a. 

d.  against  agent  for  allowing  purchaser  to  measure,  823. 

negligence  of  agent  in  selling,  823. 
LOSS,  actual,  must  be  sustained  to  create  a  claim  for  d.,  32. 

coupled  with  legal  injury,  32. 

total,  caused  by  injury  to  property,  40. 

pecuniary,  compensated,  41. 

of  temper,  caused  by  loss  of  thing  expected,  46o. 

offer  of  reparation  which  would  prevent  further,  62. 

after  action,  84,  85. 

actual,  not  necessary  for  nominal  d.,  98. 

not  inflicted,  nominal  d.  for,  107. 

amount  of  should  be  proved,  107a. 

of  custom,  127,  948. 

of  credit,  d.  for,  remote,  127. 

of  sub-contract,  156. 

shown  with  reasonable  certainty,  170. 

of  customers,  d.  for,  171o,  n. 

of  profits  of  plaintiff's  business,  181. 

of  use  of  road  or  bridge,  187. 

unreasonable  steps  to  avoid  not  required,  219. 

of  service,  when  avoidable,  214a. 

personal  efforts  to  avoid,  226i. 

d.  for,  included  in  exemplary  d.,  359. 

necessary  for  exemplary  d.,  361. 

d.  for  total,  432a. 

for  death,  prospective  pecuniary,  574. 

of  support,  recovery  for,  by  minor,  577. 

of  society  of  husband,  no  recovery  for,  578. 

presumed  in  action  for  death,  584a. 

apportionment  of,  in  admiralty,  586. 
in  cases  of  collision,  587. 


INDEX  3261 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LOSS — Continued. 

division  of,  in  admiralty,  587,  599. 
in  case  of  personal  injury,  599. 
of  vessel,  no  recovery  for  expenses  after  total,  590. 
recovery  for  partial,  in  admiralty,  592. 
total,  594. 

actual  necessary  for  recovery  on  contract,  604. 
of  marriage,  compensation  for,  638. 
of  standing,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage, 

6386. 
recoverable  under  penalty  of  bond,  675d. 
is  measure  of  d.,  in  action  on  bond,  676e. 
recoverable  on  statutory  bond,  680. 
not  compensated  in  action  on  attachment  bond,  682,  683. 
of  use  of  property,  by  wrongful  attachment,  682. 
of  personal  property,  recovery  for,  on  injunction  bond,  685a, 
of  rent,  recovery  for,  on  injunction  bond,  685c. 
of  labor  or  materials,  685/. 
of  use  of  mill,  d.  for,  685/. 
of  property  sold,  pending  injunction,  685^. 
of  time,  recovery  for,  on  bond  for  arrest,  686a. 
of  property  by  appeal,  recovery  for,  688a. 
of  use  of  property,  by  replevin,  689a. 
of  rent,  recovery  for,  on  sequestration  bond,  Q91d. 
total,  see  total  loss,  710. 

measure  of,  on  policy  of  insurance  against  fire,  721. 
of  property  at  time  of  fire,  whether  recoverable  on  policy,  723a. 
of  insurance,  d.  for,  727. 
of  profits  on  failure  to  deliver  goods  sold,  742. 
of  crop,  on  breach  of  warranty  of  machine,  767. 
of  seed,  768. 
indemnity  against,  793. 

of  time,  recovery  for,  on  policy  of  accident  insurance,  731. 
necessary  for  recovery  on  contract  of  indemnity,  801. 
caused  by  agent  recoverable,  813. 

of  bargain,  recoverable  against  pretended  agent,  836,  837. 
of  goods  by  carrier,  d.  for,  844  el  se^. 
through  delay  in  transportation  of  goods,  856. 
of  earning  power,  recovery  for,  by  injury  to  passenger,  860. 
of  intended  purchase,  by  failure  to  deliver  telegram,  882. 
of  intended  sale,  through  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  883. 
of  debt,  d.  against  telegraph  company  for,  887. 
by  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  must  not  be  speculative,'  888. 
of  support  of  land,  d.  for,  925. 
compensation  for,  927. 
compensation  for,  whether  remote,  927. 
of  custom  or  business  profits,  by  nuisance,  948. 
through  nuisance,  948. 
of  rent  through  nuisance,  948 
of  rent,  recovery  fof,  948. 


3262  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n,  means  note.] 

LOSS— ConiiriMed. 

not  regarded  in  early  times,  951. 

through  failure  to  give  possession  of  leased  premises,  984. 

through  neglect  to  repair,  992. 

on  contract  to  convey  land,  1012. 

of  custom,  1096,  1120. 

of  trade,  1095. 

of  good  will,  1097. 

personal,  1097. 

of  use  of  river  frontage,  1101. 

of  privacy,  1101. 

from  user  of  railway,  1105. 

of  future  deposits  of  soil,  1120. 

of  rents,  1151  n.,  limd. 

of  use  of  spring,  1164. 

of  passengers,  1165o,  n. 

of  rental  value,  1165c. 

of  time  by  sickness,  1166d. 

to  business,  1169. 

of  profits,  1169. 

steps  to  reduce,  1172a. 

of  service,  excessive  d.  for,  1365. 

of  profits.   See  Profits. 

of  service.    See  Service. 

avoidance  of.    See  Avoidable  Consequences. 
LOSS,  ACTUAL,  recoverable  on  policy  of  insurance  against  fire,  720. 

on  fire  policy,  720. 

on  contract  of  indemnity,  794. 

measures  d.  on  covenant  of  indemnity,  801. 

against  agent,  813. 

for  carrier's  delay,  854. 

for  trespass  to  land,  923. 

for  breach  of  real  covenants,  953. 

for  breach  of  covenant  of  warranty,  956. 
LOSS,  PARTIAL.    See  Partial  Loss. 
•LOSS,  TOTAL.    See  Total  Loss. 
LOSS  OF  TEMPER,  not  subject  for  compensation,  42. 
LOSSES  by  fire,  indemnity  against,  1163. 
LOT,  fitness  of,  for  dock  purposes,  11716. 
LOTS  of  land,  several  used  for  one  purpose,  regarded  as  entire  tract,  1154. 

available  for  dock  purposes,  1171. 

available  for  sawmill,  1171. 

available  for  factory,  1171, 

land  valuable  for,  1171a. 

value  of,  for  market  gardening,  11716. 
LOUISIANA,  code  of,  no  recovery  of  profits,  188n. 

d.  for  defamation  in,  454. 

d.  for  libel  in,  454. 

sequestration  proceedings  in,  541. 

law  of,  as  to  breach  of  warranty  of  chattel,  762. 


INDEX  3263 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

LOUISIANA— Coreimued. 

recovery  in,  for  improvements  in  action  of  ejectment,  904. 

recovery  for  mesne  profits  in,  906. 

rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  warranty,  962. 

early  law  on  eminent  domain  in,  1123. 

consequential  d.  in,  1123. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  eminent  domain,  1123. 
as  to  benefits  in,  1139. 

remission  of  excess  of  verdict  in,  1330. 
JjOUISIANA  code,  remote  consequences  in,  121. 

provisions  of,  as  to  liquidated  d.,  427. 

as  to  allowance  for  improvements,  904. 
LOWERING  of  street  grade,  by  railroad,  1112  n.,  39. 
LUCRUM  CESSANS,  636  n. 
LUMBER,  contract  to  cut  and  deliver,  1076,  n. 

inferior  quality  furnished,  164. 

failure  to  deliver,  226?^. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  on  policy  of  insurance,  722, 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver,  741. 

d.  for  failure  to  transport,  843. 

See  Timber. 

recoupment  for  failure  by  landlord  to  furnish,  1057, 
LUNCH  COUNTER,  evidence  of  profits  from,  181  n. 

MACHINE,  d.  for  defect  in,  2126. 

opportunity  to  buy  after  breach  of  contract  to  supply,  222. 

expense  of  avoiding  injury  after  failure  to  deliver,  226d, 

expense  of  attempt  to  adapt  defective,  226d. 

d.  for  defect  in,  608. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  manufacture,  615  n, 
to  supply,  618  n. 

injunction  against  use  of,  685i. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  767, 

injury  to,  during  carriage,  852. 
MACHINE  SHOP,  value  of  use  of,  999e. 

value  of  building  equipped  for,  252. 
MACHINERY,  jarring  walls  by,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 

loss  through  deprivation  of,  when  remote,  134a. 

delay  in  delivery  of,  144,  145,  165. 

use  of,  145. 

delay  ia  transportation  of  or  loss  of,  152. 

delay  in  repair  of,  155. 

intended  for  erection  of  a  sawmill,  165. 

notice  of  use  of,  165. 

failure  to  furnish,  183,  189,  199,  742a. 

injury  to,  190. 

for  mill,  failure  to  deliver,  205  n. 

breach  of  warranty  of,  2126. 

avoidable  consequences  on  breach  of  warranty  of,  226. 

expense  of  remedying  defect  in,  2266. 


3264  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  ft.  means  rlote.] 

MACHINERY— Conimwed. 

value  of,  531,  540. 

loss  on  purchase  of  stock,  not  recoverable  for  failure  to  ftlfnish  as  agreed, 
6076. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  supply,  for  building,  646. 

d.  for  loss  of  use  of,  by  injunction  against  moving  house,  685c. 

recovery  for  depreciation  of,  on  injuiiction  bdild,  6853,  ft. 

d.  against  carrier  for  loss  of,  850. 

d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  856. 

of  tenant,  d.  to,  by  negligence  of  the  landlord  in  siUowing  water  to  drip 
on  it,  990. 
MACHINES,  for  sale  by  plaintiS,  failure  to  supply,  182  ft. 
MAGISTRATE,  d.  against,  559. 
MAIN  THOROUGHFARE,  access  to,  1095. 

MAINE,  rule  in,  for  recovery  by  infant  after  repudiation  of  contract,  663. 
for  d.  on  breach  of  warranty,  962. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
MAINTENANCE  of  sewers,  negligent,  lllO  ft. 

of  crossing  gate  or  tower,  expense  of,  1152o. 

of  two  uses  of  property,  1152o. 
MAKER'S  INSOLVENCY  as  affecting  value  of  bill  or  note,  256. 
MAKING  compensation,  entry  without,  1151. 

turnpike  free  from  tolls,  lVI\d. 
MALA  FIDE  POSSESSOR  in  Louisiana,  904. 
MALEVOLENCE,  verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 
MALFEASANCE,  of  judge,  in  ministerial  duty,  liability  for,  692ff. 
MALICE,  exemplary  d.  because  of,  364. 

want  of,  mitigates  exemplary  d.,  383. 

mitigates  d.  for  Ubel  and  slander,  448. 

disproof  of,  as  affecting  d.  for  defamation,  448a. 

aggravates  d.  for  assault  and  battery,  489o. 

may  be  shown  in  action  for  injury  to  land,  929. 

evidence  of,  1305. 

verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 
MALICIOUS  ARREST,  exemplary  d.  for,  388. 
MALICIOUS  ATTACHMENT,  d.  for,  467. 

excessive  d.  in  actions  for,  1343. 
MALICIOUS  PROSECUTION,  causing  illness  of  wife,  43ff. 

d.  for  mental  suffering  from,  43i. 

wounded  pride  compensated  in  action  for,  47. 

recovery  for  loss  of  society  in  action  of,  48. 

expense  of  defending  suit,  241,  459. 

exemplary  d.  in  action  for,  352,  372. 

d.  for,  456-460. 

elements  of  injury  by,  456. 
imprisonment,  457. 
physical  injury,  457. 
injury  to  reputation,  458. 
deprivation  of  liberty,  458. 
mental  suffering,  458. 


INDEX  3265 

[References  are  to  sections,  d-  means  damagej  «.  means  note.] 

MALICIOUS  PROSECUTION— Cowtoued. 
injury  to  property,  459. 
loss  of  time,  459. 

mitigation  of  d.  for,  460. 

bad  character  of  pjsiintiff,  460. 
advjice  of  counsel,  460. 

special  d.  for,  must  be  alleged,  1271. 

verdict  for,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n, 

excessive  d.  for,  1337. 

inadequate  d.  for,  1370. 
MALICIOUS  TORTS,  excessive  d.  in  action  for,  1343. 

d.  for,  ch.  xix. 

See  Defamation,  Libel,  Slandek,  Malicious  Phosecvtiok,  Mau- 
cioTJS  Attachment,  Seduction. 
MANAGER,  of  a  bank,  207. 

MANDAMUS,  no  recovery  of  counsel  fees  in,  235o. 
MANTELS,  d.  on  covenant  to  allow  removal  of,  998. 
MANUFACTURE,  delay  of  cotton  for,  152  n. 

notice  of  intended  use  for,  166. 

profits  of,  199. 

purchase  of  goods  for,  199. 

attempt  to,  with  inadequate  power,  2126. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  for,  2126. 

value  of  property  in  process  of,  248,  499, 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  608,  617,  6Z3d. 

breach  of  contract  not  to,  632. 

recovery  of  cost  of,  for  non-deUveiy  of  goods  sold,  734, 

d.  for  failure  to  supply  materials  for,  742a. 

whether  contract  tax  for,  is  regarded  as  for  sale  or  for  woik  £|nd  labor, 
752. 

warranty  of  material  for,  766. 
MANUFACTURER,  failure  to  deliver  to,  157. 

d.  for  interruption  of  business  of,  177. 

failure  of,  to  furnish  according  to  contract,  190. 
MANUFACTURING  PURPOSES,  failure  to  supply  machinery  for,  153. 

destroying  usefulness  for,  11656. 

impairing  usefulness  for,  11656. 
MARE,  injury  to,  by  trespass  on  land,  435. 
MARGIN,  contract  for  carrying  stocks  on,  228d. 

sale  of  stock  on,  510,  513,  521. 

purchase  of  stock  on,  828. 
MARINE  INSURANCE.    See  Insurance,  Marine. 
MARINE  TORT.    See  Collision;  Admiralty. 
MARKET,  d.  for  persuasion  not  to  sell  in,  100. 

failure  to  furnish  goods  not  procurable  in,  163. 

loss  of  favorable,  164. 

sale  of  goods  not  procurable  in,  226g'. 

value  at  nearest,  246,  434. 

contract  to  hold  for  a  rise  in,  524. 

d-  for  breach  of  contract,  how  affected  by  fluctuations  in,  636e. 

205 


S266  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MARKET— Cmtinued. 

probable  future  course  of,  636m. 

rule  of  replacement  in,  734,  735. 

nearest  to.  be  taken,  739. 

price  obtained  in,  as  evidence  of  value,  852. 

d.  for  loss  of,  by  delay  in  transporting  goods,  854,  855. 

increased  facility  for  getting  to,  is  general  benefit,  1129. 
MARKET  PRICE  often  includes  profits,  198. 

increase  in,  1162. 
MARKET  QUOTATIONS  as  evidence  of  value,  1299. 
MARKET  VALUE,  244. 

as  best  evidence  of  value,  243. 

cannot  be  ascertained  on  conjecture,  244. 

requires  investigation  of  condition  of  market,  244. 

definition  of,  245. 

how  determined,  245. 

how  affected  by  speculative  operations,  249. 

of  vessel,  depressed  through  temporary  causes,  712. 

not  always  actual  value,  recoverable  on  insurance  policy,  722. 

of  goods  sold,  when  to  be  assessed,  737. 
to  be  taken  at  place  of  delivery,  738. 

of  land,  1081. 

depreciation  in,  1121,  1164. 

difference  in,  1149,  1163. 

of  farm  land,  1163. 

of  wild  land,  1163. 

enhancement  of,  1171. 

rule  of,  1171c. 

of  franchises,  1171(2. 

of  stock,  1171d. 

without  improvement,  1171e. 

land  without,  1171e. 

what  is,  1171e. 

how  to  be  proved,  1171e. 

in  condemnation  proceedings,  rule  of,  may  fail  altogether,  1173. 

implies  non-compulsory  sales,  1179. 

license  fee  a  species  of,  1222. 

evidence  of,  1297. 

See  Value. 
MARLBRIDGE,  statute  of,  nominal  d.  in  action  under,  100. 
MARRIAGE,  breach  of  promise  of,  30  n. 
d.  for  mental  suffering,  45. 

compensation  for  loss  of  advantages  of,  50,  638. 

compensation  for  loss  of  opportunity  of,  172. 

exemplary  d.  for  breach  of  promise  of,  370. 

promise  of,  as  aggravation  of  d.  for  seduction,  475. 

offer  of,  as  mitigation  of  d.  for  seduction,  476. 

compensation  for  loss  of,  637,  638. 

d.  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 

action  for  breach  of  promise  of,  resembles  action  for  tort,  637. 


INDEX  3267 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
MARRIAGE — Continued. 

loss  of  opportunity  for,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of 
marriage,  638c. 

verdict  for  breach  of  promise  of,  may  be  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328. 

excessive  d.  for  breach  of  promise  of,  1339. 

breach  of  promise  of.    See  Breach  op  Phomise  op  Mabriage. 
MARRIED  WOMAN,  see  wife,  226/. 

d.  recovery  by,  for  personal  injury,  486. 

may  recover  compensation  for  land  belonging  to  her  taken  in  eminent 
domain,  1154a. 
MARRIED  WOMEN'S  PROPERTY  ACT,  effect  of,  on  recovery  for  personal 

mjury,  486,  486a. 
MARRY,  bond  not  to,  396. 

liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  415. 
MARSH,  draining  or  flooding  is  special  benefit,  1130. 
MARYLAND,  "taking"  in,  1116  n. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
MASSACHUSETTS,  rule  in,  for  allowance  of  interest,  321. 

no  exemplary  d.  in,  358. 

rule  of  d.  for  escape,  554. 

decisions  in,  on  unconscionable  contracts,  606c. 

doctrine  of,  as  to  amount  of  recovery  on  note,  695. 

recovery  of  higher  intermediate  value  of  goods  sold,  746. 

rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  warranty,  962. 

rule  in,  for  d.  for  failure  to  take  title  to  land,  1023. 

statutes  on  eminent  domain  in,  1119. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1139a,  1146. 
MASTER,  action  against  for  wrongful  discharge  of  servant.    See  Service. 

for  negligence  in  hiring  servant,  378. 

liability  of,  in  exemplary  d.  for  act  of  servant,  378. 

remedy  of,  for  improper  service,  674. 

interest  on  report  of,  335. 
MATE,  wrongful  discharge  of,  207. 
MATERIALS,  notice  of  special  use  for,  166. 

contract  to  furnish,  156. 

left  on  hand,  duty  to  use,  213. 

d.  for  injury  to,  by  injunction,  f&5d. 

d.  for  loss  of,  by  injunction,  685/. 

for  building,  breach  of  contract  to  supply,  646a. 

for  building  or  manufacturing,  d.  iat  failure  to  supply,  742o, 

in  buildings,  evidence  of,  1168  n. 

for  construction  of  canal,  taking  of,  1107. 
MATERIALS  FOR  MANUFACTURE,  consequential  d.  for  failure  to  deliver, 
742a. 

for  delay  in  transportation  of,  152. 

for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766. 
MATERIALMAN,  recovery  on  bond  for  benefit  of,  6796. 
MATURE  CROP,  value  of,  191. 
MATURITY  of  commercial  paper,  interest  after,  325  et  seq. 

interest  from  date  of  non-payment  at,  as  liquidated  d.,  411. 


3268  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MATURITY— Continued. 

rate  of,  325-331. 

expressed  intention  governs  as  to,  330. 

on  demand  note,  330. 

higher  rate  after  maturity,  331. 

of  coupon  bond,  interest  after,  346. 

excessive  interest  after,  whether  usurious,  420  n. 
MAXIMS,  Causa  proxima  non  remota  spedatur,  114. 

de  minimis  non  curat  hx,  32,  103. 

qui  facit  per  oMum,  facit  per  se,  810. 

respondeat  superior,  810. 

utri  jus  ibi  remedium,  97. 
MAYHEM,  power  of  court  as  to  d.  for,  19,  349. 
MAYOR,  recovery  by,  for  services  as  attraney,  &lSe. 

recovery  on  bond  of,  693. 
MEADOW,  overflowed  by  water,  866. 

expense  of  reseeding  after  fire,  226d. 

d.  for  destruction  of  turf  in,  937a. 
MEANING  of  "property"  in  New  Hampshire,  1117. 

of  "damaged"  in  Illinois,  1121. 

of  recoupment,  1035,  1038,,  1039. 

of  "taken,"  1115. 

of  "or  damaged"  in  South  Dakota,  1123. 
MEANS,  to  avoid  consequences  must  be  reasonable,  226m. 
MEASURE  OF  DAMAGES.   See  Damages. 

a  question  of  law,  606. 

where  lands  are  taken,  1080. 

elements  entering  into,  1163. 

prospective,  1149a. 

in  eminent  domain,  1149. 
MEASURE  OF  VALUE.    See  Value,  2416. 
MEAT,  spoiled  for  lack  of  ice,  164. 

liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  buy,  416. 
MECHANIC'S  LIEN,  recoupment  in  action  to  enforce,  1044. 
MEDICAL  AID,  for  personal  injury,  to  be  employed,  214o. 

for  personal  injury,  only  required  when  reasonable,  219. 

procured  for  personal  injury,  2216. 

expense  of,  whether  recoverable  by  wife,  226/. 

gratuitous,  226/,  n. 

future,  226/. 

no  recovery  for,  if  another  has  paid  or  is  respoi^sible  for  it,  226/. 
MEDICAL  ATTENDANCE,  failure  to  furnish,  45. 

expense  of,  226/. 

recovery  by  minor  for  expense  of,  4866. 
MEDICAL  EXPENSES,  recovery  for,  171. 

nominal  d.  for,  171a. 

recoverable,  226/. 

recovery  for,  in  action  for  personal  injury,  481,  482. 

value  of,  must  be  shown,  483. 

must  be  reasonable,  2261,  483. 


INDEX  3269 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MEDICAL  EXPENSES— Continued. 

recoverable  though  paid  by  another  or  yet  unpaid,  483. 
by  married  woman,  486. 
by  minor,  4866. 

of  wife's  illness,  recoverable  by  husband,  486a. 

of  child,  recovery  for  loss  of,  486c. 

in  action  for  injury  to  child,  486c. 

for  death,  573. 

on  breach  of  warranty,  769,  772. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  by  injury  to  passenger,  860. 

of  illness  caused  by  nuisance,  948. 
MEDICINE,  consequences  of  delay  in  delivering,  856  n.,  856a. 

recoveiy  by  passenger  in  sleeping  car  for  loss  of,  873o. 
MEDIUM  OF  PAYMENT.    See  Payment,  Medium  op. 

primitive  substitutes  for  money,  266. 

medium  in  which  a  payment  may  be  made,  267. 

adoption  of  a  new  standard  of  value,  268. 

adoption  of  a  new  legal  tender,  double  standaidj  269. 

contract  payable  in  gold,  270. 

form  of  judgment  on  a  contract  payable  in  gold,  271. 

actions  of  tort  for  the  loss  of  gold,  272. 

contract  payable  in  foreign  currency,  273. 
in  currency  of  that  country,  274. 

exchange,  275. 

contract  payable  in  bills,  notes,  stock,  and  other  securities,  276. 

rule  varied  by  principle  of  estoppel,  277. 

confederate  States  money,  278. 

commodities  as  a  medium  of  payment,  279. 

no  distinction  on  principle  between  a  commodity  and  any  other  medium 
of  payment,  279a. 

contracts  regarded  simply  as  agreements  for  the  sale  or  delivery  of  spe- 
cific articles,  2796. 

option  to  discharge  indebtedness  in  commodities  at  a  rate  or  price  fixed, 
279c. 

where  no  rate  is  fixed,  280. 

alternative  contracts;  liquidated  d.;  rule  of  least  beneficial  altemative, 
281. 

the  conflict  of  laws  as  to,  1382. 
MEMBERS  of  family  being  hurt,  danger  of,  1164. 

MENTAL  ANGUISH,  caused  by  possibility  of  extraneous  inconvenience  of 
family,  4Sg. 

caused  by  use  of  narcotics,  226J,  n. 

recovery  for,  against  officer,  564. 

for  delay  in  transportation  of  corpse,  856(1. 
MENTAL  CAPACITY,  compensation  for  loss  of,  47. 
MENTAL  INJURIES,  compensation  for,  39. 
MENTAL  POWER,  excessive  d.  for  loss  of,  1361. 
MENTAL  SUFFERING. 
I. — General  Principles 

d.  for,  43.  ', 


3270  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MENTAL  SUFFERING— Conimsied. 

not  of  itself  a  cause  of  action,  43. 
ambiguity  of  term,  4Sa. 
recovery  for,  without  physical  impact,  436. 
consequent  upon  independent  actionable  wrong,  43i. 
alone,  not  usually  cause  of  action,  43/. 
sympathetic,  no  recovery  for,  43g. 
for  intentional  wrong,  43j. 
what  persons  can  feel,  43k. 
in  addition  to  physical  suffering,  44. 
when  remote,  44. 

compensation  for,  how  estimated,  46. 

difficulty  of  estimating  compensation  in  money  no  objection  to  allow- 
ance of  d.  for,  46. 
d.  for,  and  exemplary  d.,  356. 
d.  for  not  the  same  as  exemplary  d.,  356,  357. 
no  recovery  for  imaginary  or  sentimental,  484. 
by  married  woman,  486. 
by  minor,  486b. 

notice  of  probability  of,  iii  telegram,  894c. 
child  may  feel,  894d. 
d.  for  prolongation  of,  894td. 
evidence  of,  1307. 
excessive  d.  for,  1353. 
II.— Kinds  or  Mental  Suppbrinq  Compensated 
what  may  be  compensated,  47,  894d. 
accompanying  physical  pain,  47. 
anxiety  and  distress,  47.  < 

blow  to  affections,  47. 
fright,  47,  484. 
humiliation,  47. 
indignity,  47. 

loss"  of  peace  of  mind  and  happiness,  47. 
mental  pain,  47. 
mortification,  47. 
risk  of  injury,  866. 
sense  of  insult,  47. 
shame,  47. 
III. — In  What  Actions  Recovery  Mat  Be  Had 
for  assault,  43. 

for  false  imprisonment,  43,  462,  465. 
for  injury  to  property,  44a,  436. 
for  breach  of  contract,  45. 

of  obUgation  of  telegraph  company,  45a,  894  et  seq. 

of  promise  of  marriage,  45,  637. 
for  delaying  funeral,  168. 
for  slander  or  hbel,  443,  444. 
for  malicious  prosecution,  458. 
for  malicious  attachment,  467. 
for  seduction,  471,  473,  477. 


INDEX  3271 

[References  are  to  Sections,  d.  means  damage;  w,  means  note.} 

MENTAL  SUFFERING— ConiinwecZ. 

for  alienation  of  affection,  4805. 

for  personal  injury,  481,  484. 

for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  638&. 

on  bond  for  arrest,  686a,  n. 

against  carrier  of  passengers,  860. 

for  injury  to  passenger,  860. 

for  failure  to  carry  passenger  to  destination,  864. 

not  for  failure  to  carry  passenger,  862. 
for  injury  topassenger  in  sleeping  car,  873a. 
for  eviction  from  leased  premises,  988a. 
under  Civil  Damage  Act,  1256. 

not  compensated  under  statutes  giving  action  for  death,  573. 
MERCANTILE  SECURITIES.   See  Notes;  Bills  and  Notes. 
interest  on,  in  England,  287. 
d.  against  agents  to  collect,  813,  819,  820. 
MERCHANDISE,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  771. 
whether  baggage,  873  «. 

rule  for  non-delivery  of,  not  different  from  that  for  stock,  747,  748. 
MESNE  PROCESS,  escape  from  arrest  on,  554a. 
MESNE  PROFITS,  interest  on,  307,  -919.- 

recovery  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 
-       whether  recoverable  in  action  for  ejectment,  901. 

nominal  d.  in  ejectment  suit  no  bar  to  action  for,  902. 

action  for,  905  et  aeq. 

claim  for,  distinct  from  d.,  905. 

must  be  supported  by  averment,  905. 

belong  to  mortgagor,  906. 

against  two  defendants,  906. 

recoverable  by  tenant  against  co-tenant,  906,  913. 

Roman,  French,  and  Scotch  law  as  to,  906. 

jury  not  governed  by  rent  in  estimating)  907. 

annual  value  of  land  usually  measures,  907,  908. 

bankruptcy  no  bar  to  action  for,  907. 

inadequate  price  paid  by  plaintiff  does  not  reduce,  908. 

actual  income  does  not  measure,  908. 

of  a  ferry,  908,  909. 

of  a  mill-site,  908. 

net,  not  gross  value  measures,  909. 

value  of  use  of  improvements  not  recoverable,  909. 

deduction  from,  for  taxes,  rent,  and  expenses,  909,  918. 

waste  or  injury  to  freehold  recoverable  in  action  for,  910. 

must  be  specially  alleged,  910. 
for  what  period  recoverable,  911. 

not  prior  to  defendant's  entry,  911. 

by  one  tenant  in  common,  911.. 

not  before  plaintiff's  title  accrued,  912. 

by  mortgagee,  912. 

by  heir  or  devisee,  912. 

to  date  of  verdict,  913. 


327'2  muEX 

[References  are  to  seHions,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MESNE  PROFITS— Continued. 
by  executor,  913. 

statute  of  limitations  applied  to,  914. 

allowance  for  improvements  in,  915.    See  Imfrovementb. 

on  rents,  919. 

on  repairs,  919. 

costs  of  ejectment  suit  recoverable  in  action  for,  920. 
but  usually  not  cqunsel  fees,  920. 

offset  against  interest,  981. 

allowed  during  period  of  delay  in  maikihg  conveyance,  1(K21«. 
MESSAGE,  language  of,  giving  an  mdication  of  meaning,  154. 

may  in  itself  convey  notice  of  necessary  facts,  169. 

sent  in  connection  with  business  transaction,  169. 

failure  to  transmit,  170  re. 

duty  to  replace  after  disooveiy  of  noii-ddiviwy  of,  W^. 

repetition  (rf  telegraphic,  876. 

commercial,  d.  for  default  in  transmittwg,  882  et  veq. 

consequences  of  failing  to  transmit  conimeFeial,  891. 

value  of,  892. 

recovray  of  price  of,  893. 
MESSENGER,  ^od  telegraph  compani^,  153ffl. 
MESSENGER  BUSINESS,  183. 

MESSENGER  SERVKJE,  lesponsibiliQr  of  tekgrajA  company  operating,  8736. 
MEXICO,  d.  un^er  the  law  of,  28a. 
MICHIGAN,  doctrine  of  jexemplary  d.  in,  358. 

law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  518. 
MIDWIFE,  injury  to,  180. 
MILK,  sale  of,  for  resale,  lj64a. 

d.  for  decreased  supply  iSf,  by  reason  of  injunction,  685/. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  <rf,  765,  766  n. 
MILK  ROUTE,  recoupment  in  action  for  price  of,  1040. 
MILL,  stoppage  of,  134a,  157, 1«S,  166. 

loss  of  use  of,  152. 

delay  of  machinery  for,  153  n. 

d.  for  failure  to  bifid,  186. 

on  plaintiff's  land,  186. 

diversion  of  water  fnnn,  189. 

d.  for  interference  witii,  189,  190. 

failure  to  deliver  machinery  for,  190,  205n. 

breach  of  contract  to  supply,  620  h. 

d.  for  loss  of  use  of,  by  injuncfio^  '^^. 

d.  for  Averting  water  from,  926,  949. 
MILL-DAM,  d.  for  injury  to,  189. 

destruction  of,  189. 

d.  for  not  repairing,  202. 

covenant  by  landlord  to  repkir,  209. 

d.  from  erection  of,  ll'Sl  n. 
MILLINER,  evidence  of  profits  by,  ISlre. 
MILL  RACE,  d.  for  obstruction  of,  214. 
MILL-SITE,  mesne  profits  of,  908. 


INDEX  3273, 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MILL-SITE— Continued. 

value  of  use  of,  908. 

value  of,  1018. 
MILL-STREAM,  d.  for  injury  to,  940. 
MINE,  flooding  of,  33,  92,  184. 

whether  a  cause  of  action,  33. 

prospective  d.  for,  92. 

waste  from,  93. 

value  of  use  of,  189  n. 

ore  from,  193. 

value  of  land  for,  252  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  607  n. 

recovery  of  d:,  for  injunction  against  working,  685e. 

recovery  for  keeping  clear  of  water  pending  injunction,  685e. 

d.  for  maliciously  ousting  from  possession  of,  944. 

opening,  is  special  benefit,  1130. 
MINERAL  LAND,  taking  of  hfe  interest  in,  1105. 
MINERALS,  d.  for  failure  to  pay  for,  752a. 

d.  for  removal  of,  935. 

contract  right  to  sink  shafts  in,  land  for,  1097. 
MINNESOTA,  statute  on  appraisal  of  lands,  1112a,  n. 

constitutional  provisions  for  allowance  to  benefits  in,  1145. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 

conversion  of  action  of  trespass  into  condemnation  proceeding  in,  1151. 
MINIMUM,  of  loss,  171a,  n. 

amount  of  d.  given  without  proof,  171. 
MINIMUM  RENT,  agreement  upon  amount  of,  999a. 
MINING,  profits  of,  182a,  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  for,  614  n. 

d.  on  injunction  bond  for  preventing,  6856. 

land  used  for  placer,  1171a. 

See  Orb. 
MINING  LEASE,  breach  of  covenant  in,  999fc. 
MINISTERIAL  DUTY,  liabihty  of  judge  for  malfeasance,  692^. 
MINISTERIAL  OFFICER,  liabihty  of,  m  exemplary  d.,  381,  383. 
MINOR  son,  accident  to,  4Sg,  n. 

recovery  of  medical  expenses  by,  226/. 

recovery  by,  for  personal  injury,  486b. 

recovery  for  loss  of  advice  of,  in  action  for  death,  575. 

recovery  by  father  in  action  for  death  of,  based  on  continuance  of  life 
beyond  minority,  575. 

recovery  by  father  of  services  of)  575. 

value  of  services  during  minority,  in  action  for  death,  575. 

recovery  by,  for  loss  of  support,  on  death  of  parent,  577. 

recovery  by,  upon  leaving  service  before  completion  of  contract,  663. 

recovery  for  services  of,  673a. 

recoupment  against,  1041. 

See  Infant. 
MINORITY,  recovery  by  parent  for  loss  of  services  after,  575. 
MISBEHAVIOR  of  servant,  recoupment  for,  1039,  1066. 


3274  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MISCARRIAGE,  recovery  for  loss  caused  by,  43h. 

compensation  for,  attended  by  physical  or  mental  suffering,  44. 
possibility  of,  170  n. 
IVIISDELIVERY  of  goods,  d.  for,  853. 
MISSISSIPPI,  law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  516. 
''consequential  damages"  in,  1123. 
constitution  of,  on  eminent  domain,  1123. 
MISSOURI,  constitution  of,  referred  to,  1122. 

constitution  of,  on  eminent  domain,  1123. 
constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1139a. 
MISREPRESENTATION  in  sale  of  goods,  consequences  of,  780. 
in  inducing  lease,  990c. 
rule  of  d.  in  case  of  breach  of  contract  to  convey  land,  whether  changed 

because  of,  1010. 
in  sale  of  land,  d.  for,  1027,  1028. 
MISTAKE,  of  counsel,  84. 

interest  on  money  received  or  retained  by,  306. 
no  exemplary  d.  for  tort  resulting  from,  363,  383. 
mitigates  exemplary  d.,  383c. 
effect  of,  on  amount  of  recovery,  6066. 
rescission  of  contract  for,  655e. 
d.  for  cutting  trees  by,  934. 
verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 
MISUSE  of  term  "consequential  damages,"  1113. 
MITIGATION  OF  DAMAGES,  what  is,  51,  203. 
of  non-pecuniary  d.,  51. 
circumstances  shown  in,  48. 
a  matter  of  evidence,  52. 
by  bad  character  of  plaintiff,  52,  451. 
in  actions  for  defamation,  377. 
of  exemplary  d.,  377,  1254. 

by  lack  of  malice,  383. 

by  proof  of  good  faith,  383a. 

by  advice  of  counsel,  3836. 

by  belief  of  right,  383c. 

by  mistake,  383c. 

by  provocation,  384. 

by  payment  of  fine  in  criminal  proceeding,  386. 
for  tort,  430. 

not  allowed  where  d.  measured  by  value  of  property,  430. 
for  libel  and  slander,  448-453. 

insanity  of  defendant,  448. 

drunkenness  of  defendant,  448. 

heat  of  political  campaign,  448. 

disproof  of  actual  malice,  448o. 

reasonable  belief  of  truth,  448c. 

in  case  of  repetition,  448d. 

provocation,  449. 

disproof  of  d.,  450. 

disbelief  of  hearers  or  readers,  450. 


INDEX  3275 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MITIGATION  OF  DAMAGES— Coraimwed. 

by  rumor  of  truth,  451. 

by  actual  truth,  452. 

by  retraction,  453. 
for  malicious  prosecution,  460. 
for  false  imprisonment,  466. 
for  seduction,  476. 

by  offer  of  marriage,  476. 

by  indifference  of  plaintiff,  476. 

by  unchastity  of  daughter,  476. 

by  recovery  by  daughter,  476. 

for  criminal  conversation,  480. 

for  alienation  of  affection  of  wife,  480o. 

for  aUenation  of  affection  of  husband,  4806. 
for  personal  injury,  487-490. 

by  recent  provocation,  487o. 

by  bad  character  of  plaintiff,  488. 

by  criminal  conviction,  489. 

by  circumstances  of  the  parties,  490. 
against  a  public  officer;  548,  549,  554,  557. 

for  failure  to  arrest,  551. 

for  failure  to  levy,  549. 
against  a  receiptor,  567. 

for  death,  by  showing  contributory  negligence,  585. 
for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
on  attachment  bond,  683. 
on  bail  bond,  686. 
on  sheriff's  bond,  692i. 
question  for  jury,  1318. 

for  court,  1318. 
whether  matters  in,  must  be  alleged  in  answer,  1271a. 
MIXTURE  of  property,  d:  for,  505. 
MOB,  injury  by,  128,  928. 

interest  on  property  destroyed  by,  317. 
MODE  of  using  land,  peculiar,  1171. 

MONEY,  action  for,  whether  a  suit  for  specific  performance,  4. 
d.  for  wrongful  refusal  to  pay,  45. 

do  not  include  mental  suffering,  45. 
'    "difficulty  of  estimating  d.  in,  no  objection  to  recovery,  46. 
breach  of  contract  to  supply,  153. 
telegraphed  for,  154. 

stolen  by  burglar  from  warranted  safe,  164a. 
consequential  d.  for  loss  of,  168. 
notice  of  purpose  for,  168. 
d.  for  failure  to  pay,  171a. 
value  of  use  of,  how  measured,  1716. 
d.  for  loss  of  use  of,  174,  179. 
paid  for  recovery  of  property,  226c. 
value  of,  264. 
as  medium  of  payment,  266  et  seq.   See  Medium  of  Payment. 


3276  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MONEY— Continued. 

payment  to  be  made  in,  unless  otherwise  stipulated,  266,  267. 

primitive  substitutes  for,  266. 

different  kinds  of,  269. 

legal  tender  for,  269. 

banker's  liability  for  depreciation  of,  269. 

foreign,  273,  274. 

"Confederate,"  278. 

payable  at  indefinite  time,  285. 

interest  for  failure  to  pay,  288. 

interest  in  England  for  detention  of,  290. 

vexatiously  withheld,  interest  for,  294. 

interest  for  breach  of  contract  to  pay,  301. 
from  time  fixed  for  payment,  302. 

payable  on  demand,  interest  on,  302a. 

illegally  acquired  or  used,  interest  on,  303. 

retained  after  it  should  have  been  paid,  interest  on,  303. 

paid  out  for  defendant,  interest  on,  304. 

had  and  received,  interest  on,  305. 

received  or  retained  by  mistake,  interest  on,  306. 

due  for  goods  bought,  interest  on,  308. 

due  for  work  and  labor,  interest  on,  308a. 

liquidated  d.  for  delay  in  payment  of,  411. 

stipulation  for  larger  sum  of,  on  non-payment  of  smaMer  sum,  when 
liquidated  d.,  411. 

d.  for  failure  to  supply,  607  n. 

breach  of  agreement  to  loan,  1076,  n.,  622. 
to  pay,  6226. 

paid  for  advertising  enjoined  sale,  recovery  of,  6S5h. 

injunction  against  paying,  685i. 

payment  of,  delayed  by  appeal,  688a. 

wrongly  collected  by  officer,  recovery  for  embezzlement  of,  692a. 

default   in   payment   of,  by   public   officer,   to   what  term   referred, 
692e. 

loss  of,  by  treasurer,  692/. 

liabiUty  for  embezzlement  of,  by  judge,  692^. 

recovery  on  sheriff's  bond  for  failure  to  pay  Over,  6921. 

received  on  policy  of  insurance,  692t. 

recovery  for  embezzlement  by  officer  of  corporation,  on  bond,  694. 

collection  of  not  covered  by  bond  of  some  officers,  695a. 

d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  854. 

d.  for  delay  in  deliveiy  of,  856a. 

whether  baggage,  873. 

liability  of  sleeping  car  company  for  loss  of,  873o. 

earning  power  of,  1171d. 

compensation  in  something  else  than,  1172. 
MONEY  BOND,  different  from  bond  with  express  covenants,  679. 
MONTANA,  constitution  on  eminent  domain,  1123. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1145. 
MONTH'S  WARNING,  employment  on,  668. 


INDEX  3277 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MONUMENT,  profits  of  contract  to  construct,  614  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  furnish,  618  n. 
MORAL  TRAINING,  loss  of,  by  death  of  parent,  577. 
MORTALITY  TABLES,  as  evidence  in  actions  for  death,  581. 
not  conclusive,  581. 

admissible  as  evidence  of  duration  of  life,  581. 
MORTGAGE,  payable  in  installments,  90  n. 
failure  of  title  examiner  to  find,  218. 
expense  of  securing  redemption  of,  226c,  n. 
interest  on,  in  England,  290. 
compound  interest  on,  not  allowed,  344. 
d.  for  fraudulently  dealing  with,  439d. 
fraud  in  procuring,  439d,  439j. 
fraud  in,  440. 
effect  of,  on  amount  of  recovery  on  junior  mortgage,  497/. 
breach  of  agreement  to  loan  money  to  discharge,  622. 
to  advance  money  to  take  up,  622. 
to  give,  622a. 
effect  of,  on  forthcoming  bond,  684. 
liabihty  of  clerk  of  court  for  taking  acknowledgment  of  forged,  692A. 

for  entering  forged  cancellation  of,  692^. 
effect  of  foreclosure  of,  on  notes  secured  thereby,  69So. 
d.  for  fraud  in  assignment  of,  777. 
contract  to  pay,  789,  806,  975. 
payment  by,  796,  800. 
d.  against  agent  to  invest  in,  8186,  830. 
failure  of  title  company  to  report,  831a. 
d.  against  mortgagor  for  wrongful  severance  from  realty,  936. 
expense  of  removing  re.coverable  on  covenant  against  incumbrances,  968. 
d.  for  incumbrance  consisting  of,  968. 
agreement  by  grantee  to  pay,  972. 
lack  of  title  as  defence  to  action  for  foreclosure,  973. 
d.  for  breach  of  real  covenants  by  existence  of,  974. 
d.  recoverable  for  incumbrance  by,  974. 
recoupment  in  suit  for  foreclosure  of,  1070. 
MORTGAGE  DEED,  liability  of  notary  public  for  taking  acknowledgment  of 

forged,  692?. 
MORTGAGEE,  d.  recoverable  by,  73. 
by  junior,  73. 
suit  for  conversion  of  mortgaged  property  by  junior,  81, 
d.  against  mortgagor,  82. 
agreement  by,  not  to  foreclose,  167. 
exemplary  d.  against,  for  wrongful  seizure  of  mortgaged  property, 

373a. 
recovery  by,  497c. 
in  replevin,  531a. 

for  wrongful  attachment,  565. 

for  injunction  against  enforcing  mortgage,  685c. 

on  replevin  bond,  6916,  n. 

on  policy  of  marine  insurance,  712o. 


3278  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MORTGAGEE— CoreiiraMed. 

reduction  of  d.  against,  for  conversion,  1069. 

after  foreclosure  entitled  to  d.  in  eminent  domain  proceedings,  1154a. 
MORTGAGEE  OF  CHATTELS,  d.  recoverable  by,  81,  497/. 

against  attaching  sheriff,  82,  565. 

recovery  by  successive  mortgagees,  81. 

for  loss  of  use  of  property,  637. 
MORTGAGEE  OF  LAND,  d.  recoverable  by,  73,  927. 

whether  whole  loss  recoverable  by,  73. 

action  for  impairment  of  security,  73. 

loss  how  apportioned  between  senior  and  junior,  73. 

liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  terms  of  assignment  of,  416. 

recovery  by,  on  policy  of  insurance,  725,  726. 

entitled  to  mesne  profits,  906. 

of  mesne  profits  by,  912. 

for  injury  to  land,  926. 

against  mortgagor  for  injury  to  security,  936. 
MORTGAGEES,  protection  of,  in  elevated  railway  cases,  1207. 
MORTGAGOR,  recovery  against  mortgagee,  82. 
MORTGAGOR  OP  CHATTELS,  d.  recoverable  by,  81,  497e. 

for  wrongful  attachment,  565. 
MORTGAGOR  OF  LAND,  recovery  by,  927. 

on  policy  of  insurance,  725. 
MORTGAGOR  IN  POSSESSION,  recovery  by,  73. 

entry  under  conveyance  from,  1175. 

after  foreclosure  cannot  recover  in  eminent  domain  proceetflngs,  1154a. 

entitled  to  mesne  profits  upon  foreclosure,  906. 
MORTIFICATION,  compensation  for,  47. 

recovery  for,  by  wrongful  ejectment,  47. 
by  mutilation,  47. 
in  action  for  personal  injury,  484. 
on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  6386. 

recovery  by  guest  of  inn  for,  8735. 
MOTHER,  libel,  causing  mental  anguish  to,  43^. 

no  recovery  by,  for  fear  of  imperfection  of  unborn  child,  43?. 

causing  mental  suffering  by  refusal  to  carry  daughter  to,  45o,  n. 

recovery  for  wrongful  mutilation  of,  47. 
MOTION,  to  dissolve  injunction,  counsel  fees  on,  recoverable  on  bond,  685j. 
no  recovery  for  expense  of,  when  needless,  G851. 

to  set  aside  verdict,  how  made,  1329. 
MOTIVE,  as  bearing  on  the  question  of  exemplary  d.,  369. 

may  be  shown  to  affect  d.  in  tort,  429. 

considered  in  awarding  exemplary  d.,  463. 

not  considered  in  determining  d.  for  breach  of  contract,  603. 

of  defendant  in  making  contract  of  marriage,  may  be  shown  in  breach 
of  promise  of  marriage,  639a. 

verdict  set  aside  for  improper,  1326. 
MOTIVE  POWER,  1165c. 
MOVING,  a  building,  injunction  against,  685c. 

houses,  expense  of,  1151  n. 


INDEX  3279 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

MOWING-MACHINE,  warranty  of ,  767. 
MULE,  wrongful  seizure  of,  191. 
MULES,  total  loss  of  cargo  of,  710. 

recovery  for  total  loss  of,  on  policy  of  insurance,  710. 
MULTIPLICITY  OF  SUITS,  prevention  of,  1031. 
MUNICIPAL  BOND,  value  of,  257. 

injunction  against  using,  685i. 
MUNICIPAL  CORPORATION,  liability  of,  to  interest,  337. 

liability  in  exemplary  d.,  379. 

alone  can  offset  benefits  in  Washington,  1143a. 

not  responsible  for  grading  street,  1182. 
MUNICIPAL  IMPROVEMENTS,  assessment  for  benefits  by,   distinct  from 

benefits  by  eminent  domain,  1126. 
MUSIC,  value  of,  251. 
MUSIC  TEACHER,  injury  to,  180. 
MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  value  of,  251. 
MUTILATION,  PHYSICAL,  compensation  for  mortification  resulting  from,  47 

causing  disfigurement,  recovery  for  mental  distress,  47. 
MUTUAL  ACCOUNT,  interest  on  balance  of,  311. 

interest  on,  by  custom,  311. 
MUTUAL  COVENANTS,  636to. 
MUTUAL  INSURANCE,  730. 

NARCOTICS,  effect  of  administering  to  deaden  pain,  226^,  n. 
NARROWING  of  sidewalk,  1123  n. 

of  road,  1092. 
NATURAL  BEAUTY,  injury  to,  1123a. 
NATURAL  CONSEQUENCES,  meaning  of  the  term,  138. 

unnatural  or  unexpected  consequences  how  far  actionable,  139. 

d.  for  unexpected  consequences  of  a  legal  injury,  140. 

difference  between  tort  and  breach  of  contract,  141. 

general  conclusion  as  to  natural  consequences,  142. 

in  actions  of  tort,  143. 

the  rule  in  Hadley  v.  Baxendale,  144. 

Griflfin  v.  Colver,  145.  ' 

meaning  of  the  rule  in  Hadley  v.  Baxendale,  146. 

Cory  V.  Thames  I.  W.  &  S.  B.  Co.,  147. 

general  results  of  Hadley  v.  Baxendale,  147a. 

of  breach  of  contract,  148. 

unnatural  consequences  of  breach  of  contract,  149. 

action  against  carrier  of  passengers,  150. 

loss  caused  by  unexpected  natural  causes  supervening  on  the  defendant's 
act,  151. 

by  flood,  storm,  or  fire,  151. 

carrier's  delay  in  transportation  of,  or  loss  of  machinery  or  supplies,  152. 

breach  of  contract  to  supply  machinery  or  materials  for  trade  or  manu- 
facture, 153. 

breach  of  contract  to  supply  money,  153a. 

telegraph  and  messenger  companies,  154. 

agreement  to  repair,  155. 


3280  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

NATURAL  CONSEQUENCES— CoraiiwMed. 
loss  of  a  sub-contract,  156,  740. 
notice,  general  rule,  157. 

of  consequences  of  a  breach  of  contract,  158. 
must  form  the  basis  of  a  contract,  159. 

but  need  not  be  part  of  the  contract,  160. 
of  a  sub-contract,  161. 
of  a  contemplated  resale,  162. 
of  a  sub-contract,  but  not  of  the  price,  163. 
of  a  special  use  for  goods,  164. 
breach  of  warranty  of  fitness  for  purpose,  164o. 
notice  of  use  of  machinery,  165. 

of  a  special  use  for  material,  166. 
of  special  use  for  premises,  167. 
of  special  use  for  funds,  168. 
of  special  use  for  information,  169. 
of  special  need  for  promptness,  169a. 
loss  caused  by  failure  to  deliver  goods  sold,  742. 
by  expulsion  from  railway  car,  867-871. 
by  delay  in  deUvery  of  goods  by  carrier,  879. 
of  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  879. 
of  failure  to  convey  land,  loss  of  resale  is  not,  1022. 
of  failure  to  convey  land,  unless  notice  was  given,  1022. 
NATURAL  INCREASE  of  property,  compensation  for,  498. 
NATURAL  GAS,  d.  for  removal  from  land,  935  n. 
NATURE  of  the  mterest  taken,  1084. 

of  right  of  eminent  domain,  1107. 
NAVIGABLE  RIVERS,  access  to,  1093. 
NEAREST  MARKET.    See  Value. 

is  standard  of  value,  739. 
NEARNESS  of  pipe  line  to  underlying  coal,  1166c. 

of  poles  to  residence,  1149  re. 
NEBRASKA,  no  exemplary  d.  in,  at  common  law,  358. 
rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  warranty,  962. 
constitution  of,  referred  to,  1122. 
constitution  on  eminent  domain,  1123. 
constitutional  provision  as  to  benefits  in,  1140. 
NEED  of  haste,  notice  of,  169a. 
NE  EXEAT  bond,  683  n. 

NEGATIVE  agreement,  d.  for  violation  of,  631a. 
NEGATIVES,  value  of  photographic,  250. 
NEGLECT  to  sell,  d.  against  agent  for,  824. 

to  purchase,  d.  against  agent  for,  825. 
NEGLIGENCE,  causing  bodily  mjury,  43i. 

in  constructing  public  work,  prospective  d.  for,  95. 

as  cause  of  action,  test  of  natural  consequences,  142. 

contributory,  203. 

interest  on  value  of  property  destroyed  by,  318. 

gross,  368. 

exemplary  d.  for  gross,  368. 


INDEX  3281 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

NEGLIGENCE— Conimued. 

of  master  in  hiring  servant  as  a  ground  for  exemplary  d.,  378,  380. 

of  sherifi,  543  et  seq. 

of  magistrate,  559. 
I  of  county  clerk,  560. 

of  county  treasurer,  661. 

of  justice  of  the  peace,  559. 

of  notary,  559. 

contributory,  whether  a  defense  in  an  action  for  death,  685. 

in  admu-alty,  687,  599. 

in  building  cellar,  d.  for,  657. 

of  agent,  liability  of  principal  for,  810. 

liability  of  agent  to  principal  for,  810  et  seq. 

in  investigating  title,  830. 

in  making  defense,  d.  for,  831. 

in  building  stable,  d.  for,  1066. 

in  construction,  1100. 

liability  for,  effect  of  release  of  d.  on,  1110  n, 

in  planning  improvement,  1110  n. 

action  for,  1166. 
NEGLIGENT  maintenance  of  sewers,  1110  n. 

construction  of  sewers,  1110  n. 
NEGOTIABLE  PAPER.    See  Bill  of  Exchange;  Note. 
NEGOTIABLE  INSTRUMENTS,  d.  in  actions  upon,  695  et  seq.  . 

the  face  value  recoverable,  695. 

partial  payment,  695a. 

application  of  payments,  6956.  ; 

attorney's  fees,  695c. 

interest,  696. 

interest  by  the  civil  law,  697. 

interest  not  formerly  allowed,  698. 

now  universally  allowed,  699. 

foreign  bills,  cost  of  protest  and  re-exchange,  700. 

re-exchange  on  promissory  notes  and  inland  bills,  700a. 

costs  of  protest  and  re-exchange,  when  not  allowed,  701. 

accommodation  paper,  702. 

pledged  paper,  703. 

measure  of  liability  of  an  indorser,  704. 

costs  of  prior  suits,  705. 

indorser's  d.,  706. 

d.  for  failure  to  accept  or  pay,  707. 

d.  in  cases  of  fraud  and  estoppel,  708. 
NEGOTIATION  of  note,  d.  for  wrongful,  708. 

NEGRO,  evidence  that  deceased  was,  not  admitted  in  action  for  death,  580a. 
NEGROES,  injunction  against  removing,  685i. 
NEIGHBORHOOD,  railroad  in,  1162. 

NEPHEW,  d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death  of,  8946. 
NERVOUS  BREAKDOWN,  possibility  of,  170re. 
NERVOUS  PROSTRATION,  consequence  of  fright,  43o. 

recovery  for  loss  caused  by,  43h. 

206 


3282  INDEX 

{References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

NERVOUS  PROSTRATION— CoTCiinMed. 

recovery  when  result  of  actionable  wrong,  47. 

excessive  d.  for,  1360. 
NERVOUS  SHOCK,  what  constitutes,  43a. 

causing  death  or  mental  disease,  43a. 

caused  by  practical  joke,  43^. 

d.  recoverable  for,  153a. 

compensation  recoverable  by  passenger  for,  861,  866. 

caused  by  risk  of  injury,  866. 
NERVOUS  SICKNESS,  caused  by  breach  of  contract,  45a. 
NET,  destroyed  by  defendant,  200. 
NET  EARNINGS,  1171d. 

evidence  of,  1173. 
NEURASTHENIA,  excessive  d.  for,  1360. 
NEUROTIC  CONDITION,  causing  imagmative  suffering,  48n. 
NEVADA,  constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 

doctrine  of  exemplary  d.  in,  359. 
NEW,  for  old,  one-third  in  insurance,  709,  711,  715. 
rule  of,  not  applicable  to  collisions,  592. 

business,  183. 

profits  from,  too  vmcertain,  685e. 

fencing,  1164. 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  doctrine  of  exemplary  d.  m,  358. 

law  of-,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  518. 

rule  in,  for  d.  for  failure  to  take  title  to  land,  1023. 

meaning  of  "property"  in,  1117. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
NEW  JERSEY,  rule  of  d.  in,  for  failure  to  convey  land,  1009. 

rule  in,  for  recoupment,  1039. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
NEW  ROAD,  opening  of,  across  ri^t  of  way,  1167. 
NEW  SEWER,  expense  in  making  connection  with,  1166a!. 
NEW  TRIAL  not  granted  to  a  plaintiff  entitled  to  nominal  d.  only,  109. 

unless  it  would  carry  costs  or  establish  title,  109. 

for  excessive  d.,  grounds  for,  when  exemplary  d.  are  allowed,  388. 
NEW  YORK,  rule  in,  for  allowance  of  intetest,  313. 

interest  on  proceedings  in  error  in,  336. 

early  cases  on  liquidated  d.  in,  400. 

rule  of,  for  d.  for  severance  from  freehold,  502. 

law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  509Jf. 

rule  of  d.  for  escape,  554. 

d.  on  appeal  bond  in,  where  appeal  taken  from  intermediate  court,  i 

statute  giving  action  for  waste,  950. 

rule  in  fot-  d.  on  breach  of  covenant  of  warranty,  957. 

taking  land  under  constitution  of,  1113. 

assessment  of  benefits  for  opening  streets  in,  1128. 

rule  in,  for  allowance  of  benefits,  1130a. 

allowance  of  consequential  d.  for  eminent  domain  in,  1131. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1145. 

remission  of  excess  of  verdict  in,  1330. 


INDEX  3283 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
NEW  YOUK— Continued. 

rule  in,  for  interest  on  judgment,  334. 

"taking"  in,  1116. 
NEWSPAPER,  evidence  of  profit  from  special  editions  of,  181n. 

custom  of,  as  authorizing  exemplary  d.,  380o. 

liquidated  d.  on  contract  for  sale  of,  401. 

character  and  standing  of,  aggravates  d.  for  libel  published  by  it, 
445. 

wealth  of  proprietor  of,  does  not  aggravate  d.  for  libel,  445. 
NEXT  OF  KIN,  recovery  by,  in  statutory  action  for  death,  579. 

husband  is  not,  579. 
NO  LAND  TAKEN,  rules  when,  1088. 
NOISE  by  railroad,  compensation  for,  42. 

compensation  for,  42. 

increase  of,  1101. 

unusual,  on  railroad,  1110  ra. 

from  railroad  operation,  1120,  1123. 

d.  from,  1123  n. 

of  trains,  1102,  1123  n.,  1165. 
whether  new  burden,  1152a. 

d.  from,  1164,  1165. 

annoyance  by,  1164. 

injury  from,  1165.  ^ 

as  element  of  d.,  1165. 

inconvenience  from,  1165. 

d.  by,  1165a. 

made  by  elevated  railroad,  11656,  n.. 

right  to  recover  for,  1191. 
NOMINAL  DAMAGES. 
I. — General  Pbinciples 

not  prohibited  by  maxim  de  minimis  non  curat  lex,  33. 

recoverable  though  return  of  property  accepted,  55. 

for  incumbrance  removed  by  grantor,  56. 

meaning  of,  96. 

distinguished  from  substantial  d.,  96. 

not  awarded  for  slight  loss,  96. 

common  law  relieves  only  from  actual  injury,  96a. 

inferred  from  the  fact  of  wrong  done,  97. 

for  the  infringement  of  a  right,  98. 

recoverable  for  bare  infringement  of  right,  98. 

actual  d.  unnecessary  where  right  Infringed,  98. 

establish  title,  99. 

determine  important  rights,  99. 

for  possible  or  probable  injury,  100. 

allowed  even  where  trespass  benefits  plaintiff,  101. 

in  case  submitted  to  court  on  agreed  facts,  106. 

where  recovery  restricted  to,  107. 

where  no  loss  is  inflicted,  107. 

in  Scotch  law,  107  n. 

where  the  amount  of  d.  is  not  proved,  107o.  ■. 


3284  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.) 

NOMINAL  DAMAGES— ConimMed. 

where  the  extent  of  d.  is  uncertain  in  its  nature,  1076. 

where  the  act  is  not  by  its  nature  calculated  to  cause  loss,  107c. 

where  no  loss  happened  on  the  facts  of  the  case,  Wld. 

as  affecting  costs,  108. 

do  not  generally  carry  costs,  108  n, 

error  in  disallowance  of,  109. 

court  may  amend  record  by  giving,  109. 

new.trial  not  granted  merely  to  give,  109. 

granted  when  they  carry  costs  or  establish  title,  109. 
nonsuit  not  allowed  when  plaintiff  entitled  to,  109. 
where  no  proof  of  amount  of  d.  is  offered,  171. 
right  to,  may  authorize  exemplary  d.,  361. 
no  liquidation  of  d.  allowed  for,  411.         . 
whether  recovery  of,  bars  subsequent  suit,  636^. 
in  case  of  payment  not  pleaded,  1074. 
do  not  transfer  title  in  patent  suits,  1219. 
II. — ^Against  Whom  Allowed 
agent,  812,  813,  822. 
attorney,  103. 
banker,  105. 

pubUc  officer,  103,  547,  550,  554,  562. 
receiptor,  106. 

telegraph  company,  877,  888,  889,  890,  893,  897. 
III. — In  Actions  Sounding  in  Contract 
in  general,  98,  105,  106,  608,  610. 
English  cases,  105. 
American  cases,  106. 
in  life  insurance,  100. 
on  bonds,  106. 
in  actions  for  services,  106. 
on  sealed  instruments,  106. 
on  covenants,  106. 
in  case  of  mortgage,  107. 
for  failure  to  finish  building,  186. 
for  breach  of  contract  to  loan  money,  622. 
of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
for  wrongful  discharge  of  servant,  667,  672. 
for  breach  of  contract  of  service,  669. 
in  actions  on  bond,  6756,  676. 
in  actions  on  attachment  bond,  682. 

on  forthcoming  bond,  684. 

on  appeal  bond,  688. 

on  replevin  bond,  691o. 
for  delay  in  perforinaiiCe  of  work,  685<i. 
for  failure  to  render  account  or  inventory,  692fc. 
for  non-delivery  of  chattels,  734. 
for  non-acceptance  of  chattels,  753. 
on  breach  of  contract  to  pay  debt,  789. 
in  case  of  agency,  812. 


INDEX  3285 

[Jleferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.]- 

NOMINAL  DAMAGES— Continued. 

for  attorney  employed  on  percentage,  834(i. 

for  misdelivery  of  goods  by  carriers,  853. 

for  breach  of  contract  by  telegraph  company,  877. 

for  failure  to  transmit  cipher  message,  890. 

foj"  failure  to  transmit  message,  893. 

for  breach  of  real  covenants,  953,  973,  976,  977. 

of  covenant  of  warranty,  956,  963,  965. 

of  covenant  of  seisin,  966. 

of  covenant  against  incumbrances,  968. 

for  outstanding  incumbrance,  -976. 

where  incumbrance  is  barred  by  adverse  possession,  978. .  ^ 
of  covenant  to  remove  incumbrances,  972. 
of  covenant  to  mine  coal,  999A;. 

of  covenant  against  sub-lease,  999fc. 
for  failure  to  obtain  leased  premises,  984. 
for  breach  of  contract  to  convey  land,  1001-1005,  1009,  1010. 
in  good  faith,  1010. 

of  contract  to  purchase  land,  1023. 
IV. — In  Actions  Sounding  in  Tort 
for  tort  in  general,  jlOO,  101,  104. 
in  suits  brought  by  reversioners,  98,  100. 
for  Ubel  or  slander,  98. 
for  trespass  q.  c.  /.,  99. 
for  flooding  land,  99. 
as  to  landlord  and  tenant,  100. 
for  diversion  of  watercourses,  100. 
for  obstructing  highways,  101. 
for  false  imprisonment,  101. 
for  private  letters,  107. 
for  conversion  of  altered  note,  256. 
,    for  assaidt,  481. 

for  attachment  of  land,  682. 

for  fraud  in  sale  of  chattel,  780. 

of  ejectment,  901. 

recovery   of,  in   ejectment   does   not   bar   action   for   mesne   profits, 

902. 
for  withholding  dower,  921. 
for  trespass  to  lands,  923,  931. 
for  diverting  or  obstructing  mill-stream,  940. 
V. — ^1n  Other  Actions 

in  admiralty,  108  n.,  599a. 

in  statutory  action  for  death,  579. 

in  actions  of  detinue,  527. 

in  actions  on  patents,  102,  1233. 

in  actions  of  replevin,  529,  531,  535. 

as  to  trade-marks,  100,  102. 

in  actions  for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  1149b. 

for  laying  out  street  as  public  highway,  1160a. 
NOMINE  P(EN^,  395. 


3286  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

NON-ACCEPTANCE  of  bill,  d.  for,  700,  706,  707. 

of  goods  sold,  d.  for,  753. 
NON-DELIVERY,  consequential  d.  on,  153,  164,  742. 

avoidable  consequences  of,  201,  205,  741, 

interest  on,  313a. 

of  money,  stipulation  for  larger  amount  upon,  a  penalty,  411. 

liquidated  d.  for,  417. 

after  partial  delivery,  434,  743. 

of  goods  sold,  d.  for,  734. 

nominal  d.  for,  734. 

reason  of  rule  of  d.  for,  734,  735, 

of  stock,  d.  for,  736. 

was  by  installments,  737. 

where  delivery  was  to  be  on  demand,  737. 

time  of  estimating  value  on,  737. 

was  postponed,  737. 

price  on  sub-contract,  when  recoverable  on,  740. 

waiver  of,  743. 

value  where  to  be  estimated  on,  738. 

after  payment  in  advance,  744-749, 

in  the  nearest  market,  739, 

by  carrier,  d.  for,  844. 

recoupment  for,  1059. 
NON-PAYMENT  of  bill,  d.  for,  700,  706,  707. 

re-exchange  as  d.  for,  700, 

d.  on  protest  for,  700. 

resale  upon,  750. 

for  goods  bought,  d.  for,  750,  751. 

by  bill  or  note,  756. 

of  freight,  right  of  detention  for,  844. 
NON-PERFORMANCE  of  contracts,  recovery  after,  658f . 
NONSUIT  not  to  be  granted  where  plaintiff  is  entitled  to  nominal  d.,  109. 
NORMAL  CONSEQUENCES.    See  Natuhal  CoNSEQUENCjis. 
NORTH  CAROLINA,  rule  of  d,  for  escape,  554. 

what  constitutes  eviction  in,  956. 

rule  in,  for  recoupment,  1039. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
NORTH  DAKOTA,  law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  517o. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1141o. 
NORTHAMPTON  TABLES  admissible  to  prove  duration  of  life,  1306. 
NOSE,  excessive  d.  for  fracture  of,  1351. 
NOTARY,  d.  against,  for  negligence,  559,  563o. 

hability  on  official  bond  of,  692^. 
NOTE.    See  Note,  Promissoby. 

failure  to  protest,  107o,  n. 

value  of  promissory,  256. 

contract  payable  in  promissory,  276,  281. 

of  debtor,  contract  payable  in,  277. 

payable  in  commodities,  279c. 


INDEX  3287 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

NOT^^— Continued. 

interest  upon  non-payment  of,  301. 

payable  on  demand,  interest  on,  302a. 

stipulated  interest  in,  whether  recoverable  after  maturity,  325  et  seq. 

rate  of  interest  on  overdue,  325  et  seq. 

no  interest  on,  where  funds  for  payment  at  maturity,  3406. 

for  interest,  interest  upon,  346. 

d.  for  fraud  in  assigning,  440. 

breach  of  contract  to  give,  622c. 

d.  for  failure  to  collect,  633c. 

d.  on  bond  of  oflScer  of  corporation  for  failure  to  protest,  694. 

re-exphange  on  promissory,  700a. 

breach  of  agreement  to  pay  for  property  by,  756. 

of  third  person,  value  of,  756. 

warranty  of  value  of,  763. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  money  due  on,  776. 

of  another,  agreement  to  pay,  789. 

of  third  party,  covenant  to  pay,  789. 

given  as  indemnity,  recovery  on,  793. 

payment  by,  sufficient  to  give  surety  cause  of  action,  797. 

d.  for  failure  to  coDect,  814. 

d.  against  agent  for  failure  to  collect,  819. 

failure  to  pay,  by  delay  in  transmission  of  telegram,  881. 

for  purchase  money,  lack  of  title  as  defence  to  action  on,  973. 

recoupment  in  action  on,  1040,  1050. 

the  conflict  of  laws  as  to  d.  in  actions  upon,  1375. 

contract  payable  in,  276. 

interest  on,  287,  301,  325,  329,  696,  698,  699. 

in  England,  290. 
overdue,  interest  on,  301. 
payable  on  demand,  interest  on,  330. 
expressed  intention  governs,  330. 
interest  on,  at  higher  rate  after  maturity,  331. 
attorney's  fee  as  liquidated  d.  for  non-payment  of,  416. 
inadequate  consideration  of,  695. 
d.  on,  695  et  seq. 
face  value  of,  recoverable,  695. 
French  code  as  to  interest  on,  697. 
civil  law  as  to  interest  on,  697. 
d.  for  protest  of,  700,  701. 
accommodation,  recovery  on,  702. 
recovery  on,  by  pledgee,  703. 
non-negotiable,  liability  of  assignor  of,  704. 
liability  of  indorser  of,  704. 
to  costs  of  prior  suit,  705. 
estoppel  to  deny  signature  of,  708, 
fraudulent  negotiation  of,  708. 
transfer  of,  708. 

payment  for  goods  bought  by,  756. 
breach  of  warranty  of  indorsement  of,  775. 


3288  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

NOTE— CoraJmiicd. 

that  a  certain  sum  is  due  on,  776. 

payment  by,  796-798. 

guaranty  of  collection  of,  803. 

recoupment  in  action  on,  1036,  1039,  1040,  1050. 

in  trover  for,  1044. 
conflict  of  laws,  1375. 

as  to  interest,  1375. 

as  to  protest,  1375. 
NOTICE,  157  et  seq.   See  CoNSEQUENTiAii  Damages;  HADiaiY  v.  Baxendale. 
loss  on  sub-contracts,  on  proof  of,  147o. 
such  as  to  inform  defendant  of  any  ordinary  d.,  157. 
general  rule,  157. 

effect  of,  in  enlarging  scope  of  compensation  for  breach  of  contract,  158. 
must  form  basis  of  contract,  159. 
may  be  verbal,  160. 
need  not  be  part  of  contract,  160. 
of  sub-contract,  161,  740. 
of  contemplated  resale,  162. 
of  resale,  but  not  of  price,  163. 
of  special  purpose  for  which  warranted  fit,  164o, 
of  special  use  for  goods,  164,  742. 

for  machinery,  165. 

for  material  for  manufacture,  166. 

for  premises,  167. 

for  money,  168. 

for  information,  169,  879,  880. 
of  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  169,  879,  880. 
of  special  need  for  promptness,  169a. 

necessary  for  apphcation  of  rule  of  avoidable  consequences,  223. 
of  prior  Utigation,  necessity  of,  to  recover  expenses,  236,  238,  241,  773, 

805. 
of  prior  suit,  when  required  for  recovery  of  litigation  expenses,  239. 
to  prevent  payment,  as  interrupting  interest,  341. 
contract  of  service  terminable  on,  668. 
of  sub-contract,  740. 

of  consequences  of  failure  to  deliver  goods,  742. 
of  resale,  whether  necessary  to  bind  purchaser  in  default,  755. 
of  countermand  of  sale,  effect  of,  768. 
of  refusal  to  accept  goods  purchased,  758. 
of  purpose,  breach  of  warranty  after,  766. 
of  consequences  of  failure  to  transport,  843. 

of  non-delivery,  when  must  be  given,  856a. 
of  special  d.  from  delay  in  delivery  of  goods,  856a. 
of  consequences  of  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  879,  880. 
to  telegraph  company,  of  intended  purchase,  882; 
of  consequences  of  disrepair  by  landlord,  992. 
of  recoupment,  whether  necessary,  1045. 
recoupment  for  departure  from  service  without,  1064. 
NOXIOUS  and  offensive  vapors,  1166d. 


INDEX  3289 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

NUISANCE,  no  action  for,  if  common,  34,  946. 

unless  particular  d.  results,  35. 

to  what  time  d.  are  recoverable  in  action  for,  81. 

act  which  continues,  88. 

continuing,  91,  95,  924. 

permanent,  93. 

assumption  of  continuance  of,  94. 

annoyance  by,  107o,  n. 

continuation  of,  170a,  924. 

to  real  estate,  d.  for,  171  n. 

exemplary  d.  for,  373. 

single  or  continuing,  924. 

action  for  abatement  of,  924,  946. 

ancient  assize  of,  946. 

recovery  for  special  d.  from,  946. 

measure  of  d.  for,  947. 
for  temporary,  947. 

avoidable  consequences  of,  947. 

d.  for  removable,  948. 

expenses  of  abating,  948. 

consequential  d.  for,  948. 

annoyance  and  inconvenience,  948. 

loss  of  custom  or  profits,  948. 

unwholesome  and  offensive  results,  948. 

compensation  for  loss  of  rent  by,  948. 

liability  after  parting  with  title,  949. 

right  of  recovery  of  purchaser,  949. 
abatement  of,  1151. 

private,  1166d. 

compensation  for,  1149  n.,  1165a. 

d.  imported  without  proof  in  some  cases  of,  1310a. 
NULLA  BONA,  measure  of  d.  for  false  return  of,  557. 
NUMBER  of  tracks,  on  railroad,  increasing,  1109  n. 
NURSE,  value  of  services  found  by  jury,  171a,  n. 

gratuitous  services  of,  67. 
NURSERY,  value  of  land  for,  252  n. 
NURSING,  expense  of,  recoverable,  226/. 

gratuitous,  67,  226/,  n.,  483. 
does  not  reduce  d.,  860. 

in  action  for  personal  injury,  483. 

of  wife  by  husband,  recovery  for,  486o. 

of  animal,  d.  for  expenses  of,  769. 

of  child  by  parent,  recovery  for,  486c. 

OATH,  business,  value  of,  189  n. 
OATS,  negligence  of  agent  m  selling,  823. 
OBJECTION,  judicial,  to  English  rule,  1105. 
OBLIGATION,  form  of,  675a. 

penal,  675a. 

single,  cannot  be  split  by  creditor,  836. 


3290  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

OBSTRUCTION  of  access,  1095,  H22. 
light  and  air,  1092. 

of  air,  1121. 

of  ancient  lights,  1096. 

of  "lill  race,  214. 

of  highway,  35  n. 

prospective  d.  for,  95. 

by  levee,  to  drainage,  1166i. 

of  light,  1121. 

of  navigable  creek,  whether  cause  of  action,  35. 

preventing  navigation  on  river,  35  n. 

of  navigation,  whether  compensation  recoverable  for,  where  dam  rests 
on  plaintiff's  land,  1153. 

of  premises  by  separation  of  grades,  compensation  for,  1152a,  n. 

of  private  road,  1096. 

of  right  of  way,  93  n.,  1117. 

of  stream  by  action  of  several,  36a,  n. 

of  stream  by  railway,  1112. 

of  street,  1123. 

of  street  by  tracks,  95. 

of  thoroughfare,  35,  1105. 

of  trains,  1165. 

of  view,  1121,  1165. 

of  water,  d.  for,  941. 

of  way,  1116  n. 

personal,  1094. 
OCCUPANT  of  land,  d.  recoverable  by,  70. 

OCCUPATION  of  deceased,  when  extra-hazardous,  may  be  shown  in  action  for 
death,  581. 

of  land  with  consent,  1151  n. 
ODIUM  SPOLIATORIS,  844. 
OFFENCE,  composition  of,  36. 

discontinuance  of,  mitigates  exemplary  d;  383. 
OFFENSIVE  results  of  nuisance,  d.  for,  948. 

smells,  limd. 
OFFER  of  reparation  does  not  reduce  d.,  53. 
unless  accepted,  55. 
or  unless  it  prevents  loss,  56. 

of  settlement  relieves  from  interest,  339. 

to  perform,  as  affecting  d.,  612a. 

of  marriage  after  breach  of  promise,  whether  mitigation  of  d.,  6416. 

to  sell  as  evidence  of  value,  1299. 
OFFICE,  appeal  from  judgment  of  ouster  from,  688o. 

d.  for  exclusion  from,  569,  688. 
OFFICER,  MILITARY,  d.  against,  5636. 
OFFICER,  PUBLIC,  trespasser  a6  initio  by  wrongful  sale,  61. 

nominal  d.  against,  103,  547,  550. 

avoidable  consequences  in  actions  against,  214. 

d.  for  false  return  by,  2266. 

recovery  of  litigation  expenses  in  action  against,  233. 


INDEX  3291 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  i»ote.] 

OFFICER,  TTIBLIC— Continued. 

interest  on  money  vrithheld  by,  303. 

in  actions  against,  316. 
liberal  d.  against,  350. 
liable  in  exemplary  d.  when,  350,  351,  365,  381,  383. 

not  without  wrong  motive,  363. 

acting  in  good  faith,  not  lia,ble  to,  383a,  436, 
conversion  and  return  of  liquor  by,  494. 

wrongfully  attaching,  liable  for  cost  of  repurchase  of  goods,  494c. 
ministerial  officers  responsible  for  violations  of  duty,  543. 
actual  injury  furnishes  the  general  rule,  544, 
general  rule,  545. 
burden  of  proof,  546. 
nominal  d.,  547. 
mitigation,  548. 
failure  to  levy,  549. 
failure  to  attach,  550. 
failure  to  arrest,  551. 
escape  from  arrest  on  execution,  552. 
value  of  custody  the  rule  in  England,  553. 
American  rule,  554. 

escape  from  arrest  on  mesne  process,  554a. 
insufficient  bail  or  surety,  555. 
failure  to  return,  556. 
false  return,  557. 

miscellaneous  breaches  of  duty,  558. 
magistrate,  559. 
clerk  of  court,  559a. 
receiver,  5596. 
county  clerk,  560. 
treasurer,  561. 
town  officers,  562. 
collector  of  customs,  563. 
notary,  563a. 
other  officers,  5636. 
trespass  by  officer,  564. 

wrongful  attachment  or  levy  of  execution,  565. 
recovery  of  the  goods  or  their  proceeds,  565a. 
failiure  to  keep  safely  the  property  taken,  5656. 
consequential  d.,  565o. 

wrongful  attachment  of  land  or  levy  of  execution,  565d. 
suits  between  differeiit  officers,  566. 
receiptors,  567. 
illegal  sale  on  execution,  568. 
exclusion  from  office,,  569,  688. 
bond  given  by,  543, 
when  invested  with  discretion,  543  n. 
action  against,  for  escape,  544,  546,  552-554. 
insolvency  of  debtor  may  be  shown,  554. 
whether  action  against,  maintainable  without  loss,  547. 


3292  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

OFFICER,  FVBLIC— Continued. 

mitigation  of  d.  against,  548,  549,  554,  557. 

recovery  by,  for  services  outside  scope  of  office,  673e. 

action  on  injunction  bond  given  to,  685. 

d.  against,  recoverable  on  bond,  692. 

bond  of,  does  not  cover  duties  of  different  office,  692a. 

salary  of,  applied  on  bond,  692/.' 

special  d.  in  actions  against,  1271. 

to  surface  water,  1165. 

to  trade,  1094. 
OFFICIAL  BOND,  692  et  seq. 

where  statute  not  complied  with,  may  be  valid  as  common  law  bond,  692. 
OFFSPRING,  d.  for  loss  of  capacity  to  have,  41o,  485. 
OHIO,  constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
OIL,  delay  in  delivery  of,  152  n. 

recovery  of  increased  freight  on,  net  profits,  169. 

at  certain  price,  200. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  drill  for,  614  n. 

d.  for  failure  to  transmit  telegram  for  purchase  of,  888. 

d.  for  removal  from  land,  935  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  covenant  by  lessee  to  explore  for  and  produce,  999fc. 
OIL-BEARING  LAND,  taking  of,  1166c. 

breach  of  covenants  in  lease  of,  999A;. 
OIL  LEASE,  action  against  tenant  under,  999ff. 
OIL  WELL,  telegram  for  interest  in,  169. 

drilhng  of,  200. 

contract  to  bore,  or  pay  money,  424. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  sink,  607. 

breach  of  contract  to  drill,  618  n. 

d.  for  failure  to  sink  useless,  619. 

taking,  1166c. 
OKLAHOMA,  law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  517a. 

eminent  domain  in,  1123. 
OLD  constitutions,  d.  under,  1113. 
"ON  OR  ABOUT"  a  day,  deUvery  of  chattels,  737. 
"ONE-THIRD  NEW  FOR  OLD,"  709,  711,  715. 

rule  in  admiralty,  591. 

does  not  apply  in  case  of  collision,  592. 

meaning  of,  in  marine  insurance,  709. 

whether  applied  in  estimating  constructive  total  loss,  711. 

limitation  of  recovery  on  marine  policy  by  doctrine  of,  715. 
ONTARIO,  distinction  in  allowance  of  d.  in,  164a. 
ONUS  PROBANDI.   See  Bubdbn  of  PROor. 
OPEN  POLICY  of  marine  insurance,  712. 
OPENING  of  new  road  across  right  of  way,  1167. 

of  streets,  consequential  d.  due  to,  1120.    • 
across  railroad  trackj  1121  n. 
recovery  of  benefits  for,  1128. 
through  undeveloped  land,  1150. 
OPERA-HOUSE,  lessee  of,  167,  185. 


INDEX  3293 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note,] 

OPERA  TROUPE,  d.  for  delay  in  transporting,  863. 
OPERATION  of  gates,  cost  of,  1152a. 

of  power-house  near  property,  1121  n. 
of  railroad,  injury  fron^,.1109,  1113,  1165a. 
in  Utah,  1123. 
in  street,  1117. 
dust  from,  1120. 
noise  from,  1120,  1123. 
smoke  from,  1120,  1123. 
vibration  from,  1120,  1123. 
d.  by,  1121. 

whether  to  be  taken  as  benefit,  1131. 
OPINION, 'of  value  of  services,  664o. 

of  witnesses  on  value  of  property,  1171e. 
of  value,  1294. 

of  lands,  1295. 
of  leases,  1295. 
of  chattels,  1296. 
as  to  quantum  of  d.,  1293. 
as  to  value,  1294. 
OPIUM,  failure  of  agent  to  buy,  826. 
OPPORTUNITY,  for  makmg  money,  deprivation  of,  179. 
OPPRESSION,  ground  for  exemplary  d.,  365. 
contract  broken  through,  602. 
effect  of,  on  amount  of  recovery,  6066. 
for  setting  aside  contract,  606c. 
OPPRESSIVE,  Uquidated  d.  must  not  be,  407. 

contract,  606c. 
OPTION,  abnegated,  281,  424a. 

to  pay  in  commodities,  281. 
exercise  of,  in  contract,  635. 
ORCHARD,  risk  to,  1165. 
ORDEAL,  trial  by,  14. 

ORDER,  of  court  of  equity,  does  not  bear  interest,  334. 
d.  caused  by  restraining,  685. 

of  condemnation,  improvements  on  land  after,  1151. 
time  of,  1151. 
ORDINANCE  preventing  repair  of  building  burned,  723a. 

for  condemnation,  1151  n. 
ORDINARY  rules  as  to  certainty  of  proof,  1087. 
ORE,  contract  to  furnish  at  agreed  price,  1076,  n. 
d.  for  failure  to  accept,,  755. 
d.  for  wrongfully  mining,  935,  936. 
d.  for  removal  from  land,  935. 
d.  against  tenant  in  common  for  taking,  936. 
OREGON,  doctrine  of  exemplary  d.  in,  360. 

recovery  of  higher  intermediate  value  of  goods  sold,  745. 
constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
ORGAN,  breach  of  contract  for  exclusive  territory  for  sale  of,  633. 
ORIGINAL  entry  unlawful,  1174. 


3294  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  d.  for  destruction  of,  933. 
OTHER  land,  flooding  of,  1110  n. 

purposes,  use  of  land  taken  for,  1116. 
OUSTER,  d.  on  appeal  from  judgment  of,  688a. 
trespass  resulting  in,  is  single,  924. 
d.  for,  944. 

practical,  of  possession,  1116. 
OUTPUT,  d.  to,  1116. 
OUTRAGE,  exemplary  d.  for,  364. 
OVERDUE  PAPER,  interest  on,  290,  301,  325. 
rate  of  interest  on,  325-329. 
payable  on  demand,  330. 

expressed  intention  governs  rate  of  interest  on,  330. 
interest  on,  at  higher  rate  than  before  maturity,  331. 
OVERFLOW,  d.  from,  1164. 

of  land.    See  Flooding  Land. 
of  part  of  land,  191. 
of  water  on  plaintiff's  land,  86a. 
of  water  on  plaintiff's  meadow,  866. 
of  water,  increased  liability  to,  1164. 
OVERFLOWED  LAND,  184,  1116. 
OVERHANGING  ROOF,  11666. 
OVERSEER,  compensation  of,  by  percentage  on  sales,  669. 

payment  of,  by  percentage  of  crop,  834(i. 
OVERVALUATION,  policy  of  marine  insurance  voidable  because  of  fraudu- 
lent, 713. 
OWNER,  return  to  the  general,  55(i. 

of  chattels,  out  of  possession,  recovery  by,  80. 
compensation  for  value  to,  1081. 
compelled  to  build  private  road,  1109. 
of  property,  redress  of,  for  unauthorized  d.,  1110. 
appropriation  depriving  of  title,  1151  n. 
value  to,  1171e. 
OWNER  OF  CHATTELS  out  of  possession,  d.  recoverable  by,  80. 
OWNER,  SPECIAL,  limited  compensation  of,  68  el  seq. 
recovery  by  lessee  for  permanent  injury,  69,  71. 
of  land,  d.  recoverable  by,  69,  926. 
of  freehold,  recovers  whole  d.,  69. 
d.  recoverable  by  occupant  of  land,  70. 
by  reversioner,  69,  74. 
by  lessee  for  temporary  injury,  71. 
by  lessee,  how  affected  by  covenant  to  repair,  71. 
by  life-tenant  of  land,  72. 

by  senior  and  junior  mortgagees^  how  apportioned,  73. 
by  mortgagee  of  land  for  impairment  of  security,  73. 
for  injury  to  reversion,  74. 
d.  recoverable  by  possessor  of  chattel,  76. 
by  possessor  in  replevin,  77. 
by  possessor  against  owner,  78. 


INDEX  3295 

(References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  notej 
OWNER,  SPECIAL— Continued. 

by  possessor  against  one  from  whom  owner  could  not  recover,  79. 

by  owner  out  of  possession,  80. 

by  mortgagee  of  chattels,  81. 

by  mortgagor  of  chattels,  81. 

by  mortgagee  against  mortgagor,  82. 

by  mortgagor  against  mortgagee,  82. 

by  part  owner  of  chattels,  83. 

by  a  life-tenant,  83. 

by  a  partner,  83. 

on  poUcy  of  insurance,  725. 
OXEN,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766. 

PACKING,  notice  of  intended  use  for,  166. 

PAID-UP  POLICY,  breach  of  contract  to  issue  or  continue,  730. 

PAIN,  future,  86c. 

recovery  for,  in  action  for  personal  injury,  481. 

d.  for,  in  action  for  physical  injury,  484. 

recovery  by  married  woman  for,  486. 

of  wife,  compensation  for,  not  recoverable  by  husband,  486a. 

recovery  by  minor  for,  4866. 

no  recovery  for,  in  action  for  death,  573o. 

recovery  for,  in  case  of  injury  to  passenger,  860. 

resulting  from  failure  to  deliver  telegram,  recovery  for,  881&. 

recovery  for,  by  eviction  from  leased  premises,  988o. 

evidence  of,  1307. 

excessive  d.  for,  1353. 
PAIN  AND  SUFFERING,  no  evidence  of  value  of,  l7lo. 
PAIN,  MENTAL.    See  Mental  Suffering. 
PAIN,  PHYSICAL,  compensation  for,  41. 

arbitrarily  estimated  by  jury,  171. 

compensation  for,  does  not  involve  consideration  of  value,  242. 

compensation  for,  in  action  for  personal  injury,  481. 

future,  484. 

recovery  for,  by  married  woman,  486. 
by  minor,  4866. 

not  compensated  under  statutes  giving  action  for  death,  573a. 

d.  for,  against  carriers  of  passengers,  860. 
PAINT,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  226ff. 
PAINTINGS,  value  of,  251a,  822  n. 
PAMPHLETS,  value  of  illegal,  265. 
PAPER,  contract  to  furnish,  166. 

PAPER,  NEGOTIABLE.   See  Bill  of  Exchange;  Note. 
PAPER  CURRENCY.   See  Payment,  Medium  of. 
PAPER  MONEY,  adoption  of,  as  legal  tender,  269. 

PARAMOUNT  TITLE,  expense  of  procuring,  recoverable  in  action  on  real  cove- 
nant, 979. 

partial  eviction  by,  999d. 
PARDON,  compensation  for  attorney  employed  to  obtain,  834g. 


3296  INDEX 

tReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PARENT,  recovery  for  loss  of  services  of  child,  48. 

action  for  death  of,  172a. 

recovery  by,  for  death  of  child,  575,  576. 
for  loss  of  advice  of  adult  child,  576. 
for  death  of  adult  child,  576. 

recovery  by  child  for  death  of,  577. 

presumed  to  suffer  loss,  in  action  for  death,  584. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death  of,  8946. 
PARIS  GREEN,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766. 
PARK,  value  of  land  for,  253  n. 
PARLOR  CAR  COMPANY,  d.  in  action  against,  873a. 
PAROL  AGREEMENT,  recovery  for  work  done  under,  651. 

for  sale  of  land,  recovery  on,  651. 
PAROL  CONTRACT,  interest  upon  breach  of,  301. 

concerning  land,  651. 

recovery  for  services  rendered  under,  651,  6736. 
PAROL  PROOF  of  consideration  of  deed,  964. 
PART  OWNER,  recovery  by,  on  replevin  bond,  6916,  n. 
on  policy  of  marine  insurance,  712a. 
on  fire  policy,  725. 
PART  PERFORMANCE,  Uquidated  d.  how  affected  by,  415. 

recovery  of  cost  of,  615. 

on  acceptance  of,  636. 
PART  NOT  TAKEN,  d.  for,  1149. 

compensation  for  inconvenient  shape  of,  1164. 
PART  TAKEN,  d.  for,  1149. 
PARTL^L  DELIVERY,  acceptance  of,  whether  a  waiver  of  full  delivery,  743. 

breach  of  contract  of  sale  after,  734,  743. 
PARTIAL  EVICTION  from  land,  d.  for,  975. 

from  leased  premises,  d.  for,  988. 

of  tenant,  excuses  for  payment  of  rent,  999c. 

by  paramount  title,  leads  to  apportionment  of  rent,  999(i. 
PARTIAL  FAILURE  OF  TITLE,  d.  for,  on  covenant  against  incumbrances, 

976.  * 

PARTIAL  LOSS  by  collision,  d.  for,  592. 

recovery  for,  in  admiralty,  592. 
on  open  policy,  712. 
on  policy  of  marine  insurance,  714. 
on  policy  of  insurance  against  fire,  720,  722. 

recovery  against  carrier  for,  851. 
PARTIAL  PAYMENT,  interest  after,  302a,  339a. 

on  note,  695a. 

applicable  on  contract  to  pay  rent,  9996. 
PARTIALITY,  verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 
PARTICULAR  AVERAGE,  in  marme  poUcy,  716. 
PARTICULAR  DAMAGE,  35. 

must  exist  in  case  of  public  nuisance  to  give  private  action,  35. 
PARTICULAR  INJURIES,  exposure  to,  1164. 
PARTICULAR  PORTION,  value  of,  11656. 
PARTITION,  covenant  to  make,  1019. 


INDEX  3297 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PARTNER,  d.  recoverable  by,  83. 

injury  to,  where  same  act  injures  partnership  property,  85c. 
failure  of,  to  advance  capital,  179  n. 
entitled  to  interest  from  co-partner  when,  301,  304. 
liability  of,  in  exemplary  d.,  378. 

no  recovery  for  loss  by  dissolution  of  partnership  on  death  of,  573. 
bond  of,  to  pay  firm  debts,  789. 
PARTNERSHIP,  agreement  to  form,  193. 
wrongful  dissolution  of,  193. 
d.  for  breach  of  contract  of,  193,  194. 
interest  on  capital  of,  not  advanced,  301. 
exemplary  d.  against,  for  act  of  co-partner,  378. 
interest  on  money  illegally  used  by,  310o. 
liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  contract  for  sale  of  interest  in,  417. 
d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  enter  into,  607  n.,  616. 
recovery  by,  on  replevin  bond,  6916,  n. 
taking  out  policy  on  life  of  partner,  729. 
contract  to  pay  debts  of,  789. 
contract  to  save  harmless,  789. 
recovery  of  value  of  goods  by,  4976. 
recovery  by,  for  injury  to  goods  of,  4976. 
recoupment  against,  1041. 
PARTNERSHIP  ACCOUNT,  interest  on,  310a. 
PARTS,  availability  of,  for  city  lots,  11656. 
PARTY,  in  action  on  injunction  bond,  685. 

testimony  of,  1288. 
PARTY  WALL,  entire  d.  for  wrongful  permanent  use  of,  924a. 
PASS  ON  RAILROAD,  value  of,  250. 

for  life,  89  n. 
PASSAGE,  decision  in  Iowa  for  refusal  of,  45a,  n. 

PASSAGE  MONEY,  recoverable  on  failure  to  transport  a  passenger,  862. 
PASSENGER,  form  of  action  by,  150,  859.    See  Cakrieb  of  Passengers. 
who  is,  859. 

time  of  receiving  man  as,  150. 
recovery  by,  for  personal  injury,  860. 
of  nominal  d.,  101  n. 
for  fright  and  nervous  shock,  761. 
for  wounded  feelings,  45a. 
for  insulting  language  by  conductor,  45a,  n. 
for  humiliation  caused  by  wrongful  act  of  another,  47. 
for  refusal  to  receive,  101  n. 
for  failure  to  carry,  862. 

avoidable  consequences  of,  212. 
for  delay  in  carrying,  212,  863. 
loss  of  time  by,  863. 
avoidable  consequences  of,  226fc. 
how  far  may  engage  special  train,  226A;. 
for  failure  to  carry  to  destination,  864. 
for  carriage  beyond  station,  864o., 
nominal  d.,  98,  107a,  n. 

207 


3298  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PASSENGER— ConMntied. 

for  wrongful  expulsion  of,  43j,  47, 150,  865. 

verdict  for,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 
for  failure  to  furnish  agreed  accommodations,  865a, 
for  carrying  over  wrong  route,  221a. . 
for  putting  off  at  wrong  station,  226m. 

reasonable  attempt  to  avoid  loss  from,  219, 
compensation  to,  for  risk  of  injury,  866. 
for  injury  by  exposure,  143  n.,  226^°. 
for  consequences  of  exposure,  867-871. 
avoidable  consequences  in  actions  by,  872. 
injury  in  attempt  to  escape,  226a. 

refusal  to  pay  additional  fare  on  wrongful  demand  of  carrier,  222. 
exemplary  d.  for,  363,  365. 
for  wanton  injury  of,  366. 
for  ejection  of,  372. 
not  entitled  to  exemplary  d.  where  conductor  acted  in  good  faith,  383o. 
recovery  by,  for  loss  of  baggage,  873. 

what  is  baggage,  873. 
in  parlor  or  sleeping  car,  873a. 
liability  for  loss  of  goods  by,  873b. 

d.  for  failure  to  transmit  telegram  announcing  arrival  of,  894. 
excessive  d.  in  actions  by,  1342. 
PASSION,  ground  for  setting  aside  verdict  for  exemplary  d.,  388. 
as  affecting  d.  for  defamation,  449. 
verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 
PASSING  TRAINS,  danger  of  fire  from,  1100. 

vibration  caused  by,  1098. 
PAST  DAMAGES,  evidence  of,  1109  n. 
PAST  TRESPASSES,  in  condemnation  proceedings,  1150. 
PASTURE,  plaintiff's  mare  in,  148. 

d.  for  furnishing  inadequate,  608,  620  n. 
d.  for  destruction  of  turf  in,  937a. 
PATENT,  infringement  of,  856,  n. 

nominal  d.  in  actions  upon,  102. 
whether  expenses  of  litigation  compensated,  235. 
interest  for  infringement  of,  323. 
liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  term  of  license  to  use,  416. 
d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  test,  607  n. 
d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  title  in,  774. 
PATENT  SUITS,  recovery  of  litigation  expenses  in,  235. 

interest  in,  323. 
PATENTED  article  in  plaintiff's  territory,  1936. 
PATENTS  meaflure  of  d.  in  suits  for  infringements  of,  1212-1246. 
nature  of  patent  rights,  1212. 
a  species  of  property,  1213. 
protected  both  at  law  and  in  equity,  1214. 
only  actual  d.  recoverable,  1215. 
license  fees  and  royalties,  1216. 

recovery  of  may  transfer  title,  1217. 


INDEX  3299 

[Beferences  are  to  sections,  d,  means  damage;  n,  means  note.] 

FAIENTS— Continued. 

decree  and  satisfaction,  1218. 

recovery  of  nominal  d.  does  not  transfer  title,  1219. 

license  fee  for  right  to  use,  1220. 

apportionment  of  license  fees,  1221. 

license  fee  a  species  of  market  price,  1222. 

proof  must  connect  license  fee  with  patent,  1223. 

license  fee  when  different  rights  are  involved,  1224. 

in  equity,  1225. 

no  license  fee  established,  1226. 

d.  must  not  be  conjectural,  1227. 

profits  at  law,  1228. 

treble  d.,  1229. 

in  equity,  1230. 

present  rule  in  equity,  1231. 

origin  of  rule,  1232. 

plaintiff  must  separate  profits,  1233. 

nominal  d.,  1233. 

entire  profits  not  recoverable,  1234. 

for  designs,  1235. 

criticism  of  rule,  1236. 

entire  profits  sometimes  recoverable,  1237. 

method  of  estimating  profits  when  recovery  is  not  entire,  1238. 

defendants'  sales  not  usually  criterion,  1239.  * 

such  sales  sometimes  measure  d.,  1240. 

profits  in  excess  of  d.,  1241. 

limits  of  account  in  equity,  1242. 

burden  of  proof  in  equity,  1243. 

interest  on  profits,  1244. 

expenses,  1245. 

counsel  fees,  1246. 
PATRONAGE,  allowance  for  division  of,  1150. 
PAVE,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  614  n. 
PAVING,  expense  of,  1152o. 
PAWNBROKER,  recovery  by,  76. 
PAWNEE,  recovery  against,  by  owner,  80. 
PAY,  failure  to.   See  Non-Payment. 
PAYMENT  in  goods  or  cattle,  10,  10  n. 

nominal  d.  after  acceptance  of,  98. 

medium  of,  266  et  seq. 

primitive  substitutes  for  money,  266. 

new  standard  of  value,  268. 

bank  deposit,  in  what  medium  payable,  269. 

Legal  Tender  Act,  269,  270,  274. 

gold  standard,  269. 

double  standard,  269. 

new  legal  tender,  269. 

contract  payable  in  gold,  270. 

form  of  judgment  on,  271. 

tort  for  loss  of  gold,  272. 


3300  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PAYMENT— ConJimed. 

contract  payable  in  foreign  currency,  273. 
foreign  contract,  274. 
exchange,  275. 

contract  payable  in  mercantile  securities,  276. 
in  Confederate  money,  278. 
in  specific  articles,  279. 
in  medium  other  than  money,  279. 
interest  on,  303  n. 

from  demand  for,  314. 
after,  339. 
after  partial,  339a. 
in  advance,  whether  a  penalty,  414. 

whether  measm'e  of  d.  for  failure  to  deliver  goods  is  affected  by,  507, 
508,  514,  744. 
fraud  in  securing,  439ff. 
breach  of  contract  for,  6226. 
delayed  by  appeal,  688o. 
partial,  on  note,  695o. 

of  negotiable  paper,  d.  for  failure  to  make,  707. 
of  debt,  contract  for,  789. 
warranty  of,  794. 

what  is  sufficient,  to  give  action  to  surety,  796. 
by  mortgage,  796,  800. 
by  note,  796,  797. 
by  bond,  796,  799. 
by  land  or  goods,  796,  800. 
in  case  of  sale  of  land,  1014. 
in  advance  for  land,  1014. 
after  suit,  1074. 

whether  recouped  when  not  pleaded,  1074. 
must  be  accepted  in  full,  796,  798. 
PAYMENTS,  application  of,  6956. 
PEACE  OF  MIND,  d.  for  loss  of,  47. 
PEACH  ORCHARD,  cultivation  of,  188. 
PEANUTS,  which  might  have  been  raiised  on  premises,  191. 
PEAS,  d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  854. 
PECULIAR  mode  of  using  land,  1171. 
PECUNIARY,  d.  must  be,  4. 

PECUNIARY  CONDITION  of  defendant,  exemplary  d.  aggravated  by,  385. 
aggravation  of  compensatory  d.  by,  445,  475. 

of  plaintiff,  d.  for  injury  to  wife  or  child  not  aggravated  by,  486a, 
486c. 
PECUNIARY  DAMAGE,  interest  ordinarily  allowed  in  case  of,  318. 
PECUNIARY  LOSS,  interest  in  action  for,  316. 

recoverable  in  action  for  malicious  prosecution,  459. 
alone  recoverable  for  death,  573. 
for  death,  prospective,  574. 
of  next  of  kin,  579. 


INDEX  3301 

'  [References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PECUNIARY  REMUNERATION,  2. 
PEDDLER,  measure  of  d.  for  injury  to,  180  n. 

value  of  time  of,  482a. 
PEDIGREE  of  animal  as  evidence  of  value,  1296. 
PENAL,  use  of  term  not  conclusive,  406,  408. 
PENAL  BOND,  nominal  d.  for,  106. 

PENAL  SUM  collateral  to  object  of  contract  whether  liquidated  d.,  410. 
PENALTY,  delay  would  subject  plaintiff  to,  161. 

interest  on,  333.    See  Liquidated  Damages. 

interest  at  higher  rate  after  maturity,  whether,  331. 

refusal  of  court  to  enforce,  390. 

use  of  term  not  conclusive  in  stipulations  for  d.,  406,  408. 

intent  of  parties  as  to,  406. 

presumed  not  to  be  liquidated  d.,  408. 

alternative  contracts  where  one  alternative  is,  424. 

whole  formerly  recovered  in  debt  on  bond,  675o. 

of  bond,  d.  within,. 6756. 
beyond,  393  n. 

not  recoverable  in  action  on  bond,  675c. 

d.  on  bond  must  be  less  than,  675c. 

actual  loss  only  recoverable,  675d. 

of  bond,  d.  in  excess  of,  677. 

on  statutory  bond,  680. 

limit  of  recovery  pn  statutory  bond,  680. 

d.  on  injunction  bond  exceeding,  685. 

recoverable  on  criminal  bail  bond,  686. 

recovery  limited  to,  on  appeal  bpnd,  688. 

judgment  on  official  bond  limited  to,  692. 

imposed  by  statute  on  sheriff  for  misconduct  in  office,  692i. 

limits  recovery  on  bond  of  officer  of  corporation,  694. 
PENNSYLVANIA,  rule  m,  for  allowance  of  interest,  320: 
for  interest  on  judgment,  334. 
as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  514. 
for  d.  on  breach  of  covenant  of  warranty,  959. 

rule  of  d.  in,  for  failure  to  convey  land,  1009. 

defalcation  act,  1031. 

early  rule  on  eminent  domain  in,  1120. 

English  rule  on  eminent  domain  in,  1120. 

consequential  d.  in,  1108  n. 

constitution  of  1874,  1120. 

consequential  d.  under  new  constitution,  1120. 

appUcation  of  English  rule  on  eminent  domain  in,  criticised,  1122. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1142. 
PENSION,  no  reduction  of  d.  on  account  of,  67a. 
PERCENTAGE,  compensation  by,  669. 

d.  for  wrongful  discharge  of  agent  compensated  by,  834d. 

payment  for  services  by,  834d. 
PERCOLATING  WATER,  cutting  off  from  spring,  1120  n. 

on  land,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 


3302  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d,  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PERFORM,  recovery  of  expense  of  preparations  to,  607. 

d.  how  affected  by  readiness  to,  612a. 
PERFORMANCE,  notice  given  after  making  of  contract,  as  at  time  of,  159. 

tlieatrical,  profits  of,  193, 

in  part,  liquidated  d.  how  affected  by,  415. 

postponement  of,  liquidated  d,  how  affected  by,  425. 

tender  of,  as  affecting  d.,  612o, 

recovery  of  substituted,  618. 

when  useless  to  plaintiff,  619, 

continuance  of,  after  repudiation,  636c. 

d.  on  prevention  of,  636d, 

recovery  of  contract  price  after,  655/, 

acceptance  of  incomplete,  656, 

substantial,  657, 

recovery  of  value  of,  657, 

d.  on  waiver  of,  636. 

acceptance  of  partial,  636, 

d.  for  delay  in,  by  reason  of  injunction,  685d. 

d.  in  suits  to  enforce  specific,  of  contracts  to  convey  land,  1021. 
PERIL,  of  rescued  property,  as  affecting  amount  of  salvage,  599c. 
PERISHABLE  PROPERTY,  sold  pendiflg  injunction,  685ft, 

resale  of,  755, 

must  be  disposed  of  by  carrier,  852. 
PERMANENCE  of  injury,  1110. 
PERMANENT,  private  structure  not  regarded  as,  93, 

change  in  plaintiff's  land,  94. 

incumbrance,  d.  for,  970. 

physical  injury,  d.  for,  86,  481,  484, 

in  action  against  carrier  of  passengers,  860. 

trespass  to  lands,  924o. 

nuisance,  947. 
PERMANENT  INJURY,  recovery  by  minor  for,  4866. 

recovery  for,  by  injury  to  passenger,  860. 

to  land,  measure  of  d.  for,  932, 
PERMANENTLY  FLOODING  part  of  farm,  1178. 
PERMISSIVE  and  compulsory  powers,  distinction  between,  1089,  1111. 
PERMISSIVE  POWERS,  recovery  for  d.  under,  1089. 
PERSON,  d.  to  property  and,  85c. 
PERSONAL  CONVENIENCE,  infringement  of,  1123, 
PERSONAL  ENJOYMENT,  mfringement  of,  1123. 
PERSONAL  EXPENSE,  recoverable  on  mjunction  bond,  685  n. 
PERSONAL  INCONVENIENCE,  1094,  1097, 
PERSONAL  INJURIES  to  plaintiff,  67a,  1090, 

only  one  suit  for,  84, 

recovery  of  prospective  d.  for,  86c. 

proof  of  prospective  d.  for,  172, 

future  effects  of,  172a. 

avoidable  consequences  of,  214o, 

avoidance  by  surgical  operation,  218. 

reasonable  steps  only  necessary  to  avoid  loss,  219, 


INDEX  3303 

tReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PERSONAL  INJURIES— Conimued. 

suffered  in  attempt  to  avoid  loss,  22&j. 

in  resisting  expulsion  from  train,  865. 
aggravation  of,  by  conduct  of  injured  party,  223. 
interest  not  given  in  action  for,  316. 

exemplary  d.  for,  372.  ( 

general  rule  of  d.,  481, 
discretion  of  jury,  481. 
compensation  for  loss  of  time  from,  180,  482. 

of  business,  181,  482a. 
recovery  of  medical  expenses,  226/,  483. 

expense  of  journey  to  secure  special  treatment,  483. 
mental  and  physical  suffering,  484. 
impairment  of  physical  capacity,  deformity,  484,  485. 
amount  of  loss  by  physical  impairment,  485a. 
recovery  by  married  woman,  486. 
husband's  action  for  injury  to  wife,  486o. 
recovery  by  minor,  4866. 
parent's  action  for  injury  to  child,  486c. 
mitigation,  487. 

provocation,  487a. 

bad  character  of  plaintiff,  488. 

unchastity,  488  n. 

criminal  conviction,  489. 
aggravation,  489a. 

circumstances  of  the  parties,  490. 
avoidable  consequences,  491. 
d.  for  ultimate  death,  570a. 
recovery  for,  in  admiralty,  599. 
d.  for,  not  recoverable  on  bond  for  arrest,  686o. 
d.  against  carrier  for,  860. 
consequent  on  failure  to  deliver  telegram,  8816. 
compensation  for,  as  aggravation  of  d.  for  trespass  on  land,  929. 
special  d.  for,  must  be  alleged,  1270. 
verdict  for,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 
excessive  d.  for,  1346  et  seq.,  1363,  1364. 

for  permanent,  1363. 

where  permanence  is  doubtful,  1364. 
inadequate  d.  for,  1371. 
PERSONAL  LOSS,  1097. 
PERSONAL  OBSTRUCTION,  1094. 
PERSONAL  PLEASURE,  infringement  of,  1123. 
PERSONAL  PROPERTY,  trespass  on,  nominal  d.,  101  n. 
d.  to,  1123, 1169. 
loss  of  use  of,  195. 
exemplary  d.  for  detention  of,  373a. 

for  injury  to,  373a. 
d.  for  taking  or  injuring,  432  et  seq. 
■d.  for  destruction  or  total  loss,  432a. 
yalue,  how  estimated,  433. 


3304  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PERSONAL  FROTERTY— Continued. 

when  and  where  estimated,  434. 

injury  to,  less  than  destruction,  435. 

loss  of  use  of,  435a. 

expense  of  maintenance  of,  435o. 

consequential  d.  to,  436. 

expense  of  avoiding  consequences  of  injury  to,  437.  ^ 

d.  to,  may  exceed  entire  value,  438. 

actions  for  recovery  of,  526. 

recovery  for  loss  or  depreciation  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 

injunction  against  taking  possession  of,  685i. 

recovery  for  d.  to,  by  replevin,  689a. 

value  of,  when  estimated  on  replevin  bond,  690. 

amount  of  recovery  for  loss  of,  on  policy  of  insurance,  722. 

recovery  for  carrying  off  in  action  for  trespass  to  land,  929. 

d.  to,  by  eviction  from  leased  premises,  988a. 

cost  of  removal  of,  1123. 

special  d.  for  injuries  to,  must  be  alleged,  1268. 

evidence  of  value  of,  1290. 

verdict  for  injury  to,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 
PEST-HOUSE,  location  of,  near  farm,  1123. 

d.  on  taking  property  for,  1156. 
PETROLEUM,  d.  against  telegraph  company  for  loss  of  purchase  of,  889. 

d.  on  injunction  bond  for  failure  to  secure,  685b. 
PHILIPPINES,  d.  under  code  of,  28a,  n. 
PHOSPHATE  ROCK,  d.  for  removal  from  land,  935  n. 

delay  in  delivery  of,  153n. 

no  recovery  for  speculative  value  of,  685&. 
PHOTOGRAPHIC  NEGATIVES,  value  of,  250. 
PHOTOGRAPHS,  value  of,  250. 
PHYSICAL  APPROPRIATION  of  property,  1115. 

PHYSICAL  DEFECT  of  parties,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  mar- 
riage, 6416. 
PHYSICAL  ENDOWMENT  function  and  capacity,  importance  of,  170o. 
PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION,  power  of  court  to  require,  1309. 
PHYSICAL  HARM,  result  of  mental  injury,  43;i. 
PHYSICAL  IMPACT,  whether  necessary  for  recovery,  436. 
PHYSICAL  INCONVENIENCE,  d.  for,  42. 
PHYSICAL  INJURIES,  compensation  for,  39,  41a,  1117  n. 

permanent,  86c. 

by  maUcious  prosecution,  457. 

by  false  imprisonment,  462. 

excessive  d.  for,  1346. 

to  property,  1121. 

See  Pehsonal  Injuries. 
PHYSICAL  INTERFERENCE  with  properi;y,  1114. 

destruction  of  beneficial  use  by,  1116. 
PHYSICAL  INVASION  of  real  estate,  1116.  • 
PHYSICAL  POWER,  impairment  of,  41a. 


INDEX  3305 

tReferenc«s  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PHYSICAL  SUFFERLN'G.    See  Pain. 

from  wrongful  imprisonment,  compensation  for,  457,  462. 
PHYSICAL  TRAINING,  loss  of,  by  death  of  parent,  577. 
PHYSICIAN,  non-arrival  of,  47. 

recovery  for  sense  of  shame  by  wrongful  act  of,  47. 

services  costing  plaintiff  nothing,  67. 

message  to,  not  delivered,  169. 

called  to  case  in  Chicago,  170  n. 

injury  to,  180,  182. 

paid  by  fees,  180. 

measure  of  d.  for  injury  to,  180  n. 

how  far  necessary  to  employ  skilful,  2216. 

only  reasonable  care  required  in  selecting,  2216. 

disr^ard  of  advice,  221b. 

interest  on  account  of,  308a,  n. 

necessity  of  employing  in  cases  of  personal  injury,  491. 

agreement  by,  not  to  practice,  632. 

d.  for  failmre  to  deliver  telegram  to,  8815. 

obligation  to  call.    iSee  Medicaid  Aid. 
PIANO,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  770. 
PICTURE,  value  of,  251. 

libellous,  value  of,  265. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  773. 
PIER,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  construct,  647c,  n. 
PILES,  contract  to  drive,  608. 
PIPE,  d.  for  wrongful  cutting,  941. 
PIPE  LINE,  d.  on  bond  to  indemnif3-  against  construction  of,  806. 

right  of  way  taken  for,  1165. 

support  from  coal  strata  for,  1166c. 

d.  by  laying,  1166c. 

nearness  of,  to  imderlying  coal,  1166c. 

probable  breaking  of,  1166c. 
PISTOL,  whether  baggage,  873  n. 
PLACE  of  estimating  value,  245-247. 

where  market  value  of  goods  is  to  be  taken,  738. 

where  value  of  goods  not  delivered  is  to  be  taken,  738. 

of  estimating  value  of  goods  lost  by  carrier,  845. 
PLACER  MINING,  land  used  for,  1171a. 
PLAN,  and  model  of  a  machine,  200. 

access  to  road  on,  1096. 

of  railroad  company,  1149. 

of  construction,  change  in,  1152. 
PLANS,  contained  in  lost  package,  152. 

recovery  of  expense  of,  for  breach  of  contract  to  convey,  6076. 

for  house,  d.  for  loss  of,  850. 

change  in  building  of,  1164. 
PLANK  ROAD,  substitution  of  railroad  for,  1109. 

located  on  county  road,  is  new  burden,  1152a. 
PLANK  SIDEWALK,  d.  for  removing,  944. 


3306  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n,  means  note.] 

PLANKING,  expense  of,  1152a. 

of  track,  1152a. 
PLANNING  improvement,  negligence  in,  1110  n. 
PLANT,  depreciation  of,  1171d. 
PLANTS,  destraction  of,  165. 
PLASTERING,  non-repair  of,  209  n, 
PLATES,  value  of  stereotype,  250. 
PLAY,  d.  for  injunction  against  producing,  685e,  n. 
PLEA  OF  JUSTIFICATION  as  aggravation  of  d.  for  libel  or  slander,  447. 

for  false  imprisonment,  466. 

for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  640a. 
PLEA  IN  ABATEMENT,  assessment  of  d.  after,  1273. 
PLEA  TO  THE  DAMAGE,  1274. 
PLEADING  of  special  d.  in  action  for  death,  584a. 

reform  in,  does  not  affect  difference  between  tort  and  contract,  602. 

allegation  of  seduction  necessary  in  breach  of  promise  of  marriage.  639. 

d.  limited  by  amoimt  claimed  in,  854  n. 

recoupment  must  be  specially  set  up  in,  1046. 

whether  payment  may  reduce  recovery  though  not  stated  in  pleadings, 
1074. 

averment  of  d.,  1257. 

d.  beyond  amount  laid,  1258. 

in  replevin,  1258. 

double  d.,  1258. 

method  of  curing  the  error,  1259. 

when  averment  not  material,  1260. 

averment  of  d.  not  otherwise  material,  1260, 

special  d.,  1261. 

prospective  d.,  1262. 

exemplary,  double  and  treble  d.,  1263. 

interest,  1264. 

special  d.,  actions  for  injury  to  real  estate,  1265. 
for  breach  of  contract,  1266. 
against  carriers,  1267. 
for  injury  to  personal  property,  1268. 
for  loss  of  business,  1269. 
for  personal  injury,  1270. 

extent  of  allegation  required,  1270a. 

for  other  torts,  1271. 

answers,  1271a. 
PLEASURE,  infringement  of  personal,  1123, 
PLEASURE  BOAT,  use  of,  196. 
PLEDGE,  time  of  estimating  value  on  wrongful  sale  of,  509. 

of  stock,  measure  of  d.  for  wrongful  sale  of,  609,  511,  531. 

by  factor,  d.  for  unauthorized,  821. 

by  agent,  d.  for,  821. 

recoupment  in  action  for  conversion  of,  1069, 
PLEDGEE,  recovery  by,  76,  79,  497d. 

for  loss  of  use  of  property,  537. 
for  wrongful  attachment,  565. 


INDEX  3307 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n,  means  note.] 
PLEDGEE— Contonued, 

on  replevin  bond,  6916. 

of  bill  or  note,  recovery  by,  703, 

against  owner,  78. 

by  owner  against,  80. 

recoupment  in  action  by,  1069. 

reduction  of  d.  against,  for  conversion,  1069. 
PLEDGED  PAPER,  compensation  for,  703. 
PLEDGOR,  recovery  by,  80,  497c, 
PLUMBING,  failure  to  repair,  155. 
POLE  of  carriage,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  765. 
POLES,  nearness  of,  to  residence,  1149  n. 
POLICE,  recovery  on  bond  of  chief  of,  692a. 

POLICE  POWER,  no  recovery  for  changes  in  railroad  required  under,  1152a. 
POLICY  OF  INSURANCE.    See  Insurance. 

value  of,  259,  730. 

accident,  731. 

assessment,  732. 

mutual,  730. 

open,  712. 

valued,  711,  713. 

benefit  of,  170a, 

interest  on,  301, 

interest  on  unvalued,  312. 

interest  for  failure  to  adjust  loss  on,  314a. 

time  from  which  interest  runs  on,  302. 

agreement  to  assign  or  keep  yaUd,  623. 
to  issue  paid-up,  730. 

d.  for  loss  of,  727. 

breach  of  contract  to  take,  623. 

breach  of  contract  to  procure,  623. 

breach  of  contract  to  keep  alive,  623. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  issue,  727. 

money  received  on  policy  of,  692y. 

clause  in,  modifying  rule  of  indemnity,  716, 

refusal  to  issue  or  continue,  720. 

effect  of  several  on  one  building,  720,  722o. 

neghgence  of  agent  in  procuring,  816. 

loss  of,  by  neghgence  of  agent,  817. 

d.  for  faUiu:e  of  agent  to  cancel,  818o. 

d.  for  loss  of,  by  delay  in  delivery  of  money,  856a, 

failure  to  cancel,  by  delay  in  transmitting  telegram,  881. 
POLLUTION,  of  stream,  35  n. 

peyeral  persons  causing,  36a,  n, 

expense  of  saving  injuries  after,  226(2. 
POND,  d.  for  filUng,  92,  941. 

taking  waters  of  great,  1119. 
POOL,  d.  on  breach  of  contract  to  enter,  200. 

of  stagnant  water,  1165. 
POOR  DEBTOR'S  BOND,  686. 


3308  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

POPULATION,  establishment  of  new  centre  of,  is  general  benefit,  1129. 
PORK,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  764,  771. 
PORTAGE  railway,  land  taken  for,  1171e. 
PORTO  RICO,  d.  under  code  of,  28a,  n. 
PORTRAIT,  value  of,  251a. 

libellous,  value  of,  265. 
POSITION  of  parties,  d.  for  libel  or  slander  aggravated  by,  445. 

value  of  particular,  11656. 
POSSESSION,  delay  in  delivering,  167. 

of  premises,  185. 

necessary  to  maintain  action  of  trespass  q.  c.  /.,  931. 

d.  for  breach  of  covenant  to  give,  984a  et  seq. 

of  leased  premises,  d.  for  refusal  to  give,  984. 
consequential  d.,  984. 
loss  of  profits,  984. 

d.  for  refusal  to  give,  987. 

d.  for  breach  of  covenant  by  lessee  to  give  up,  99^'. 

practical  ouster  of,  1116. 

taking,  without  assessment  of  d.,  1151  n. 

entry  under  conveyance  from  mortgagor  in,  1175. 
POSSESSOR,  recovery  of  nominal  d.  by,  70. 
POSSESSOR  OF  CHATTELS,  d.  recoverable  by,  76. 

in  replevin,  77. 

recovery  against  owner  by,  78. 

recovery  by  owner,  79. 
POSSESSOR  OF  LAND,  recovery  by,  926. 

without  title,  cannot  recover  m  emment  domain  proceedings,  1154a. 
POSSESSORY  ACTION,  replevin  is,  691a. 
POSSIBILITY  of  reverter  has  no  ascertainable  value,  1155. 

of  future  change,  allowance  for,  1165. 

of  procuring  other  land,  1172. 
POSTAL  CARD,  failure  to  furnish,  45. 
POSTAL  CLERK,  d.  for  injury  to,  860. 
POSTER,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  print,  618  n. 
POSTMASTER,  d.  in  action  against,  5636. 
POSTPONEMENT  of  performance,  liquidated  d.  prevented  by,  425 

of  deUvery  of  goods  sold,  d.  how  affected  by,  737. 
POSTS,  expenses  of,  1152a. 
POTATOES,  d.  for  sale  of  decayed,  2126. 

amount  of  loss  on,  170a,  n. 
POTENTIAL  VALUE  included  m  actual,  1085. 
POUND  STERLING,  exchange  for,  275. 

value  of,  in  this  country,  275. 
POVERTY  of  defendant,  proof  of,  to  affect  exemplary  d.,  385. 

cannot  be  shown  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  msirriage, 
638. 

affecting  d.  for  defamation,  445. 

cannot  be  shown  to  mitigate  d.  for  defamation,  448. 

of  plaintiff,  irrelevant  in  action  for  personal  injury,  486c. 
does  not  affect  compensatory  d.,  490. 


INDEX  3309 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
POVERTY— ConMnued. 

no  aggravation  of  d.  for  personal  injury  by,  490,  490  n. 
in  actions  for  death,  574a,  580. 
'  in  actions  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  639o. 

of  family  shown  in  action  for  death,  580. 
POWER,  supply  of  inadequate,  2126. 

breach  of  contract  to  furnish,  608. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  supply,  for  building,  646. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  on  sale  of,  762. 

d.  for  illegal  cutting  off,  by  landlord,  9906. 

d.  for  breach  of  covenant  by  landlord  to  furnish,  995. 

d.  for  deficiency  of,  in  contract  to  convey  land  for  saw  mill,  1016. 

of  the  public  over  private  property,  1107. 

to  grant  license,  1080. 

physical  d.  for  impairment  of,  485a. 

motive,  1165e. 

of  earning  money,  1171d. 
POWER  HOUSE,  building  of,  near  property,  1121  n. 

operation  of,  near  property,  1121  n. 

value  of  property  for,  11716. 
POWERS,  permissive,  recovery  for  d.  under,  1089. 

act  outside  charter,  1110. 

compulsory  and  permissive,  distinction  between,  1111. 
PRACTICAL  JOKE,  causing  nervous  shock,  43^. 

hurt  feelings,  natural  consequence  of,  43^. 
PRACTICE,  agreement  by  physician  not  to,  632. 
PRACTICE  OF  COURT,  1272  et  seq. 

d.  upon  demurrer  overruled,  .1272-. 
upon  demurrer  to  evidence,  1272. 
upon  plea  in  abatement,  1273. 
upon  plea  to  the  d.,  1274. 
upon  default,  1275. 

entire  or  several  d.,  joinder  of  good  and  bad  counts,  1276. 

judgment  when  arrested,  1277. 

count  bad  in  part,  1278. 

joint  torts,  1279. 

several  torts  by  different  defendants  in  the  same  suit,  1280.   ' 

award  of  arbitrators,  1281. 

costs,  1282. 

obsolete  judgment  of  "damage  clear,"  1283. 

form  of  verdict,  1284. 

d.  as  affecting  jurisdiction,  1285. 

right  to  begin,  1286. 

d.  on  appeal,  1286a. 

d.  on  dissolution  of  injunction,  12866. 

as  to  setting  aside  verdict,  1329. 
PRAIRIE,  d.  for  setting  fire  to,  214. 

value  of  use  of,  908. 
PRECAUTIONS,  to  be  taken  to  avoid  consequences  of  injury,  21'4a. 


3310  INDEX 

[Heferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PREEMPTION  law,  tenant  of  land  under,  may  recover  compensation  in  eminent 

domain,  1154a. 
PRE-EXISTING  DISEASE,  compensation  for  aggravation  of,  1216. 
PREFERENCE  in  administration  of  fund  in  court,  what  law  regulates,  1383. 
PREGNANCY,  recovery  for,  by  woman  seduced,  477, 
PREJUDICE,  ground  for  setting  aside  verdict  for  exemplary  d.,  388. 

verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 
PRELIMINARY  INJUNCTION,  action  on  bond  for,  685. 
PREMATURE  SALE  by  agent,  d.  for,  821. 
PREMISES,  notice  of  special  use  for,  167. 

business,  eviction  from,  182  n. 
loss  of  use  of,  189. 

recovery  for  loss  of  use  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685e. 

d.  for  illegal  entry  by  landlord  upon,  9906t 

custom  appertaining  to,  1105. 

rendered  unhealthy,  1165. 

trade  appertaining  to,  1105. 
PREMIUM  NOTE,  recovery  on,  703. 

d.  for  consequences  caused  by,  867,  870. 
PREMIUM  OF  INSURANCE,  to  be  added  to  value  of  cargo,  712. 
PREPARATION  to  use  land,  expense  of,  not  recoverable  on  failure  to  give  notice^ 
1022. 

to  perform,  recovery  of  expense  of,  607. 
PRESUMPTION,  in  action  for  death,  584a. 

against  wrong  doer  in  action  for  breach  of  the  contract,  610. 
PRESUMPTION  OF  VALUE,  against  defendant,  1300. 

plaintiff,  1300. 
PBETIUM  AFFECTIONIS,  251a. 
PREVENTING  loss,  duty  of  party  as  to.   See  Avoidable  Consequences. 

enlargement  of  brick-yard,  1165&. 

flow  of  surface  water,  1166(2. 
PREVENTIVE  reUef,  2. 

PREVIOUS  ENTRY,  value  as  affected  by,  1174. 
PRICE,  to  be  later  agreed  upon,  1075. 

no  notice  of,  but  of  sub-contract,  163. 

market,  198. 

of  goods  to  be  fixed,  by  appraisers,  734. 

obtained  at  resale  fixes  measure  of  d.,  755. 

whether  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  chattel  measured  by,  750,  761,  762. 

received  on  resale  as  evidence  of  value,  762. 

received  at  auction,  as  evidence  of  value,  762. 

as  evidence  of  value,  762,  777. 

d.  for  sale  below  authorized,  822. 

sale  by  agent  at  greater  than  fixed,  824. 

payment  by  agent  of  excessive,  827. 

of  message,  when  recoverable,  893. 

recovery  for  error  of  telegram  transmitting,  885. 

paid  by  plaintiff,  recovery  of  mesne  profits  not  affected  by,  908. 

whether  recoverable  on  refusal  to  accept  deed  of  land,  1024. 

of  goods,  recoupment  in  action  for,  1036,  1038-1040,  1047, 1059  el  seq. 


INDEX  3311 

[References  are  to  sections,  d,  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PRICE— Cmtinued. 

of  land,  recoupment  in  action  for,  1040,  1052. 
of  goods  sold,  recoupment  in  action  for,  1060. 
paid  for  land,  evidence  of,  1149  n. 
market,  increase  in,  1162. 
PRICE-LISTS  as  evidence  of  value,  1299. 
PRIDE,  compensation  for  woxmded,  47. 
recovery  for  injury  to,  50. 
d.  for  injury  to,  by  alienation  of  affection,  480a. 

on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  637,  638. 

in  action  for  injury  to  passenger,  861. 
PRINCIPAL,  recovery  by,  of  expenses  of  suit  to  which  agent  has  subjected  him, 
240. 
liability  of,  for  ratified  act,  651. 
counsel  fees,  834. 

must  reimburse  agent  for  expenditures  and  liability,  834. 
indemnity  for  loss  or  expense,  834. 
must  make  compensation  to  agent  for  sei?viceSj  834a. 
liability  of,  to  agent,  809  et  seq.    See  Agent. 
interest  not  recoverable  after  pajTnent  of,  339. 
PRINCIPAL  AND  SURETY,  d.  between,  784  et  seq. 
contract  to  indemnify,  784-787,  791-794. 

to  pay  debt,  786,,  788,  789. 

to  save  from  liability,  788,  795. 

to  save  harmless,  791-793. 
measure  of  d.  between,  788. 
how  far  indebtedness  a  d.,  790. 
actual  loss  recoverable,  794. 
what  is  payment,  796. 
payment  by  note,  796,  797. 
payment  by  bond,  796,  799. 

in  land  or  goods,  796,  800. 

by  mortgage,  796,  800. 
to  constitute  pasTnent  note  must  be  accepted  as  such,  796,  798. 
French  law  as  to,  797  n. 
civil  law  as  to,  797  n. 
cmly  actual  loss  recoverable,  801. 
reduction  of  d.,  801. 
effect  of  a  judgment,  802. 
liability  for  costs  and  expenses,  803. 

where  suit  was  unnecessary,  804. 

necessity  of  notice  of  suit,  805. 
under  French  law,  805. 
consequential  d.  to  surety,  806. 
co-sureties,  807. 
costs  between  co-sureties,  808. 
PRINCIPAL  SUIT,  no  recovery  on  attachment  bond,  for  defending,  682o. 
PRINT,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  614  n. 
PRIOR  assessment,  d.  not  foreseen  at  time  of,  1082. 
injury,  recovery  for  aggravation  of,  121b. 


3312  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PRIOR— Cora^mued. 

litigation,  expense  of,  recoverable  only  when  necessary,  236. 

See  Expense  op  Litiqation,  236. 
PRIORITY  of  process,  suit  to  test,  566. 
PRISON-BOUNDS  BOND,  686. 
PRIVACY,  excessive  d.  for  invasion  of,  1343. 

interference  with,  1165. 

of  lands,  interference  with,  1096. 

loss  of,  1101. 

recovery  for  invasion  of,  929. 
PRIVATE  and  public  injury,  distinction  between,  1123. 

easement,  acquisition  of,  11495. 

letters,  nominal  d.,  107a,  n. 

nuisance,  1166d. 

property,  appropriation  of,  for  public  use,  1077,  1107. 

property,  power  of  the  public  over,  1107. 

right  of  ferriage,  1171a. 

road,  proximity  of  railway  crossing  to,  1078. 
obstruction  of,  1096. 
owner  compelled  to  build,  1109. 
enhancement  of  value  by,  1178. 
compensation  for,  1178. 
value  of  property  enhanced  by,  1179. 
laying  out,  as  pubUc  way,  1178. 
PRIVILEGE,  imperfect,  as  affecting  d.  for  defamation,  4486. 
PRIZE,  loss  of  opportunity  to  compete  for,  200. 

had  been  offered,  200. 
PRIZE  MONEY,  salvage  is  not,  599c. 
PRO  RATA  recovery  upon  rescission  of  contract,  655c. 
PRO  RATA  INTINERIS,  amount  of  compensation,  841. 
PROBABILITY  of  loss,  172. 
PROBABLE  frightening  of  horses,  1165. 

breaking  of  pipe  line,  1166c. 

profits,  proof  of,  1169. 
PROBATE  PROCEEDINGS,  no  recovery  of  expense  of,  2416. 

order  for  pa5Tnent  of  money  in,  bears  interest,  334. 
PROCEDURE,  the  conflict  of  laws  as  to,  1383. 
PROCEEDING,  mterest  impending,  1179o. 
PROCEEDINGS,  condemnation,  proof  in,  1163. 
building  of  road  without,  1165c. 

costs  and  expenses  for  defending  against.  1166a. 
PROCESS,  interest  interrupted  by  legal,  341. 

exemplary  d.  for  abuse  of,  365. 

abuse  of,  564. 
PROCURING  other  land,  possibiUty  of,  1172. 
PRODUCT,  expected,  value  of,  1716. 

value  lessened,  not  value  of  material,  199. 
PRODUCTION,  cost  of,  does  not  measure  value,  495. 

PROFANE  LANGUAGE,  evidence  that  deceased  did  not  use,  not  admitted  in 
action  for  death,  580a. 


INDEX  3313 

[Referebces  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PROFANITY,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
PROFESSION,  Uquidated  d.  in  agreement  not  to  carry  on,  418. 
evidence  of,  as  bearing  on  value  of  tilne,  482. 
agreement  not  to  practice,  632. 
PROFESSIONAL  EARNINGS,  180. 
PROFESSIONAL  INCOME,  loss  of,  181. 
PROFESSIONAL  MAN,  measure  of  d.  for  injury  to,  180  n. 

no  way  of  fixing  a  general  scale,  180. 
PROFITS,  173  el  seq.   See  Certainty  op  Proof. 
I. — Generai.  PrinciplIis 
what  are,  173,  613. 

often  loosely  used  in  sense  of  gain  prevented,  172a,  173. 
when  recoverable,  174,  176. 
must  be  proved,  174. 
allowance  of,  how  regulated,  174. 
early  cases  as  to,  175. 

recoverable  if  proximate,  natural  and  certain,  176. 
rule  governing  recovery  of,  177. 

cannot  be  recovered  upon  entire  destruction  of  property,  178. 
which  might  be  reasonably  anticipated)  180. 
made  but  for  presence  of  rivals,  183. 

fair  rental  value  recovered,  as  mesne,  186.   S6e  Mesne  Profits. 
not  anticipated  rents  but  rental  value  constitutes,  186. 
specific,  189. 

estimation  of  expected,  191. 
included  in  market  value,  198. 

in  actual  value,  1247. 
as  measuring  value  of  business,  254. 
compensation  by  share  of,  670. 
subject  of  marine  insurance,  709. 
constructive  total  loss  of,  711. 
loss  of,  146,  164,  1169. 
evidence  of,  1169. 
proof  of,  probable,  1169. 
certain  and  uncertain,  1087. 

must  be  reasonably  certain,  167. 

no  recovery  for  loss  of  uncertain,  889. 

speculative,  cannot  be  recovered  on  breach  of  covenant  to  renew 

lease,  996. 
expected  from  use  of  money  too  speculative  for  recovery,  685ft. 
II. — From  What  Derived 

from  use  of  money,  1716,  179. 

of  money,  equivalent  to  interest,  179. 

of  business,  181,  193. 

of  established  business,  182. 
of  business  of  uncertain  nature,  182o. 
of  unlawful  business,  182fr. 
of  new  business,  183. 
vendor's  business,  1936. 
of  deceased  not  considered  in  d.  for  death,  574. 

208 


3314  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PROFITS— Coreiireited. 

breach  of  contract  to  share,  625. 

on  exclusive  territory,  633. 

lost  by  defect  in  machinery,  646. 

recovery  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685e. 

loss  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 
of  a  contract,  192,  613. 

for  a  share  in  the  profits  of  a  business,  193. 

agency  commission  contracts,  193a. 

in  restraint  of  trade  or  competition,  1936. 

of  a  partnership  agreement,  193. 

probable,  of  whaling  voyage  not  recoverable,  193. 

of  an  undertaking  collateral  to  contract  in  suit,  194. 

how  far  affected  by  possibility  of  other  employment,  608. 

what  are,  609. 

recovery  of,  613. 

partly  performed,  616. 

how  affected  by  fluctuations  in  market,  636c. 

measure  of,  when  cost  of  performance  fluctuates  during  period  of 
contract,  636j,  636fc.  * 

from  use  of  land,  171&,  188. 

recovery  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 

injunction  against  taking,  6856. 

doweress  whether  entitled  to,  921. 

d.  for  failure  of  title  to,  975. 

to  be  set  up  against  interest,  981. 

occupied,  whether  recoverable  on  title  bond,  1054. 
of  resale,  162,  197,  739,  843. 

how  far  enters  into  value,  248. 
from  the  use  of  machinery,  190.  . 

of  a  vessel,^  196. 
expected  from  a  sale  of  goods,  197. 

included  in  the  market  price,  198. 

on  expected  sale  by  agent,  633. 
of  manufacture  of  raw  material,  199,  766. 
from  competition  or  speculation,  200. 
by  manufacturing  logs,  164. 
on  voyage  broken  up,  175. 
by  rental  of  building,  183. 
by  working  a  mine,  184. 
by  selling  coal,  184. 
by  selling  clay,  18  . 
by  sawing  logs,  186. 
of  business  premises,  189. 
of  sinking  wells,  192. 
of  partnership,  193. 
of  theatrical  performance,  193. 
of  the  use  of  personal  property,  195. 

from  expected  use  of  new  building,  too  uncertain  for  recovery,  645. 
expected  from  goods  bought,  742a. 


INDEX  3S15 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

FROFITS— Continued. 

on  purchase  not  made  by  agent,  825,  826. 
expected  from  leased  premises,  984. 
III. — Loss  Caused  by  What  Injury 

by  carrier's  neglect  to  deliver  shaft  oif  engine,  144. 

on  stopping  mill,  by  reason  of  steam-engine  not  being  furnished,  165. 

by  raw  material  not  being  delivered,  166. 

by  personal  injury,  180-182. 

by  loss  through  injury  to  capacity  for  labor,  180. 

probable  future  increase  of  capacity,  180a. 
by  obstructing  the  use  of  land,  184. 
by  failure  to  give  possession  of  real  estate,  185. 
by  failure  to  put  a  structure  on  land,  186. 
by  loss  of  use  of  a  road  or  bridge,  187. 
by  wrongful  eviction,  188. 
by  loss  of  use  of  business  premises,  189. 
by  injury  to  machinery,  190. 
by  injury  to  crop,  191. 
by  not  delivering  machine,  190. 
by  breach  of  warranty  of  seed,  191. 
by  wrongful  discharge  of  agent,  193a. 
by  loss  of  use  of  personal  property,  195. 
by  loss  of  use  of  a  vessel,  196. 
by  breach  of  warranty  of  raw  material,  199,  766. 
by  delay  in  constructing  railroad  crossing,  688a. 
by  failure  to  deliver  goods  sold,  742a. 
by  neglect  of  agent  to  buy,  825,  826. 
by  failure  to  transport  goods,  843. 

by  failure  to  furnish  cars  for  transportation  of  coal,  843a. 
through  delay  in  delivery,  854,  856. 
by  delay  in  transportation  of  goods,  856. 
by  delay  in  unlading  a  vessel,  857. 
by  default  of  passenger  carrier,  864. 
by  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  882. 
by  default  of  telegraph  company,  882,  888,  889. 
through  trespass  on  lands,  927. 
through  nuisance,  948. 

by  failure  to  deliver  possession  under  lease,  987,  1022. 
through  neglect  to  repair,  992. 
by  infringement  of  patent,  1228,  1230. 
by  violation  of  copyright,  12466. 
by  violation  of  trade  mark,  1246c. 
IV. — In  What  Actions  Recovekable 
in  case  of  wrongful  attachment,  175. 
in  case  of  capture,  175. 

of  colUsion,  175. 
in  case  of  telegraph,  200,  882,  888,  889. 
in  action  for  maUcious  prosecution,  459. 
in  admiralty,  593,  594; 
on  attachment  bond,  682. 


3316  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PROFITS— Core(mM6(f. 

on  accident  policy,  731. 

in  condemnation  proceedings,  1169. 

in  elevated  railway  cases,  1206. 

in  patent  suits.    See  Patents. 

when  allowed  in  equity,  1230^. 
apportionment  of,  1232. 
plaintiff  must  sepai'ate,  1233. 
cannot  recovet  entire,  1234. 
sometimes  recovered  entire,  1237. 
method  of  estimating,  1238-1240. 
in  excess  of  d.,  1241. 
interest  on,  1244. 
PROJECTING  bay  windows,  11666. 

eaves,  11666. 

spouts,  11666. 

steps,  11666. 
PROJECTIONS  in  streets,  11666. 

PROMISE,  by  which  deceased  assisted  plaintiff,  in  action  for  death,  581. 
PROMISE  OF  MARRIAGE,    47.  See  Breach  of  Promise  or  Marriage. 
PROMISSORY  NOTE,  interest  on,  287.      See  Note. 
PROMOTION,  future  probabiUty  of,  172. 

hope  of,  is  too  speculative  for  consideration,  180o. 

deceased  person's  chance  of,  shown  in  action  for  death,  5S0a. 

conjectural,  not  considered  in  determining  value  of  time,  860. 

loss  of  chance  of,  860. 
PROMPTNESS,  notice  of  special  need  for,  169a. 
PROOF,  best,  possible  must  be  given,  171. 

of  possibility  of  replacement,  228i. 

of  loss  in  policy  of  insurance,  722. 

of  consideration,  in  action  for  breach  of  warranty,  964. 

certainty  of,  ordinary  rules  as  to,  1087. 

in  condemnation  proceedings,  1163. 

of  probable  profits,  1169. 

of  market  value,  1171e.   i 

mode  of,  1287. 

burden  of.   See  Burden  of  Proof. 
PROPERTY. 

I. — In  General 

d.  a  species  of,  529. 

compensation  for  injury  to,  39. 

how  measured,  40. 

mental  suffering  caused  by  injiuy  to,  44a. 

tortious  injury  to,  44a. 

bringing  of  converted,  into  court,  54. 

returned  to  owner,  55. 

recovery  of,  58. 

application  of,  to  benefit  of  injured  party,  59. 

and  person,  d.  to,  by  the  same  act,  85c. 


INDEX  3317 

[References  are  to  secfcions,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.) 

PROPERTY— Conimued. 

invasion  of,  causing  small  d.,  103. 
act  causing  injury  to,  151. 
compensation  for  deprivation  of,  173. 
breach  of  contract  to  supply,  2126. 
left  on  hand,  duty  to  use,  213. 
injured,  salvage  of  fragments  of,  818. 
expense  of  following  and  recovering,  226c, 
injury  to,  in  attempt  to  avoid  loss,  226j. 
interest  on  value  of,  317. 
diminution  in  value  of,  316. 
contract  valuation  of,  whether  enforced,  417. 
salvage  for  saving,  599c. 
d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  deliver,  617,  618. 
breach  of  contract  for  exchange  of,  621. 

depreciation  in  value  of,  recoverable  on  attachment  bond,  682. 
recovery  for  loss  of,  on  account  of  injunction,  685e. 
recovery  for  loss  of,  by  appeal,  6S8o. 
sale  of,  suspended,  by  appeal,  688a.    ■ 
destruction  of,  may  be  shown  on  detinue  bond,  691c. 
d.  for  loss  of,  by  guardian,  6926. 
injury  to,  by  failure  to  deliver  goods,  742. 
recoupment  for  destruction  of,  in  axstjon  to  recover  wages,  1065. 
patents  a  species  of,  1213. 

recovery  for  injury  to,  under  Civil  Damage  Act,  1250. 
sales  as  evidence  of,  1298. 
excessive  d.  for  injury  to,  1334. 
value  of.    iSee  Value. 
II. — Taking  of,  by  Eminent  Domain 

legal  signification  of,  1117,  1121,  1123,  1131. 

"damaged"  or  "injured,"  1118. 

appropriation  of,  vmder  English  statutes,  1076-1105. 

taking  of,  1106,  1114. 

compensation  for  taking,  1106. 

for  damaging  or  injuring,  1106. 
right  of,  1107. 

power  of  the  public  over  private,  1107. 
taking  of  private,  1107. 
kinds  of,  which  may  be  taken,  1107. 
change  of  use  of,  after  taking,  1-109. 
granting  of,  for  pubUc  use  by  deed,  1109. 
unauthorized  d.  to,  1110. 
physical  interference  with,  1114. 
interference  with  beneficial  use  of,  1114. 
physical  appropriation  of,  115. 
injuries  to  adjacent,  1115. 
imposition  of  servitudes  on,  1116. 
injury  to  support  of,  1116. 
throwing  ashes  on,  1116. 
throwing  cinders  on,  1116. 


33lS  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] , 

PROPERTY— Conimued. 

throwing  soot  on,  1116. 

throwing  surface  water  on,  1117  n. 

injury  to  physical,  1121. 

deprivation  of  enjoyment  of,  1121. 

deprivation  of  use  of,  1121. 

operation  of  power-house  near,  1121  n. 

taking  of,  under  Illinois  constitution  of  1870,  1121. 

d.  to  personal,  1123,  1169. 

cost  of  removing  personal,  1123,  1169. 

not  taken,  rights  pertaining  to,  1149a. 

damage  to,  under  Virginia  constitution,  1123. 

maintenance  of  two  uses  of,  1152a. 

inconvenience  from  division  of,  1163. 

division  of,  1164,  1165. 

appearance  of  as  left,  11655. 

condition  of,  as  left,  11656. 

near  railroad,  1166. 

held  by  water  company  acquisition  of,  IVIld. 

net  yield  of,  held  by  city,  1179. 

value  of,  by  what  affected,  1151. 

selling  value  of,  1164. 

value  of,  for  power  house,  1171&. 

used  as  summer  residence,  1171c. 

special  value  to  owner,  1171e. 

value  of,  as  "reservoir  site,"  1171e. 

opinion  of  witnesses  on  value  of,  1171e. 
PROPOSED  improvement,  1162. 
PROPRIETARY  RIGHTS,  1149o. 

PROSECUTION,  Uability  to,  whether  a  bar  to  exemplary  d.,  386. 
PROSPECTIVE  DAMAGES.    See  Certainty  of  Proof. 
I. — In  Genebal 

for  prospective  loss,  86,  1149,  1170. 

accruing  between  time  of  action  brought  and  trial,  86a. 

for  torts,  866,  924. 

for  personal  injury,  86c. 

for  breach  of  contract,  87. 

renewed  injury  requires  a  new  action,  88. 

continuing  or  successive  breaches  of  contract,  89. 

recoverable  for  act  destroying  a  contract,  90. 

continuing  tort,  91. 

by  trespass  on  plaintiff's  land,  92. 

by  unauthorized  private  structure  or  use  of  land,  93. 

by  causing  land  to  fall,  93a. 

for  tort  causing  permanent  injury,  94. 

for  injury  caused  by  lawful  permanent  structure  or  use  of  land,  95. 

for  loss  of  service,  86,  91. 

for  obstructing  light,  93. 

for  flooding  lands,  93. 

for  diverting  or  obstructing  stream,  93. 


INDEX  3319 

"   [References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PROSPECTIVE  BAUAGBS— Continued. 

for  obstructing  highway,  95. 

for  negligence  in  carrying  out  a  public  work,  95. 

for  erection  of  permanent  structure,  95. 

of  railroad  embankment,  95. 

must  be  proved  with  reasonable  certainty,  172. 

when  probable,  172. 

for  death,  574. 

from  user,  1102. 

measure  of,  1149a. 

need  not  be  averred,  1262. 
II. — For  Breach  of  Contract 

under  continuing  agreements,  87. 

of  contract,  89,  90. 

entire  and  divisible  contracts,  636ff. 

contract  to  repair,  90,  636A,  989. 

to  support,  90,  636i. 

fluctuations  in  value  during  contract:  Masterton  v.  The  Mayor,  636j. 

Goodrich  v.  Hubbard,  636fc. 

probable  future  expense  of  performing,  636Z. 

general  conclusions,  636??!. 

mutual  covenants,  636re. 

for  breach  of  contract  of  service,  90,  666. 
PROSPECTIVE  HIGHER  RENTAL,  1104. 
PROSPECTIVE  LOSS,  172. 
PROTECTION,  loss  through  deprivation  of,  when  remote,  135. 

against  freshets,  removal  of,  1117. 
PROTEST,  interest  on  money  paid  under,  303. 

of  bill  of  exchange,  d.  for,  700,  701. 

recovery  of  costs  of,  701. 
on  foreign  bill,  700. 

d.  for  negligence  in  making,  819. 

conflict  of  laws  as  to,  1375. 
PROTHONOTARY,  d.  m  action  against,  569a. 
PROVISIONS  of  older  constitutions  on  eminent  domain  (in  U.  S.),  1106. 

of  city  charters,  1112a. 
PROVOCATION,  mitigation  of  exemplary  d.  by,  384. 

of  d.  for  libel  or  slander  by,  449. 

as  affecting  d.  for  defamation,  449. 
for  false  imprisonment,  466. 

must  be  recent,  487a. 

of  d.  for  personal  injury  by,  487a. 

does  not  mitigate  compensatory  d.  for  assault  and  battery,  487,  488. 
PROXIES,  wrongfully  used  in  election,  170. 
PROXIMATE  and  natural  consequences  for  cause  of  action,  142. 
PROXIMATE  CAUSE  of  loss  in  marine  insurance,  718. 

in  action  against  agent,  816. 

of  injury  by  fire,  816. 

whether  fault  of  telegraph  company  is,  897. 
PROXIMATE  CONSEQUENCES  of  delay  in  delivery  of  goods,  856. 


3320  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PROXIMATE  DAMAGES,  110  et  seg.,  1119. 

not  all  results  of  a  wrongful  act  are  compensated,  110 

direct  and  indirect  results  of  a  wrong.  111. 

fundamental  distinctions,  Ilia. 

and  remote  cause,  1116. 

tests  proposed  for  the  determination  of  proximate  cause,  111c. 

time  and  distance,  111(2. 

probability  and  rarity;  possibility  and  impossibility,  llle. 

causal  sequence.  111/. 

causa  sine  gud  non.    The  "but  for  which"  rule,  112. 
remote  consequences  not  compensated,  113. 
consequences  of  an  act  complex  in  nature,  114. 
Scott  V.  Shepherd,  115. 
what  consequences  are  remote,  115a. 
question  of  remoteness  a  question  of  fact,  116. 
instances  of  proximate  and  remote  consequences,  117. 
cause  and  condition,  118. 
exposure  to  risk:  negligence  concurring  with  cause  for  which  defendant 

is  not  responsible,  119. 
cases  against  carriers.    Comparative  exposure  to  risk.    Anticipation  of 

loss,  119a. 
causes  of  divergence  in  the  cases,  1196. 
analogy  in  cases  of  deviation,  119c. 

leading  cases  in  Massachusetts,  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  119d. 
confusion  of  authorities,  119e. 

lack  of  privity  or  duty  as  affecting  cause  of  action,  120. 
supervening  from  a  collateral  cause,  120a. 
proximate  and  remote  results  of  statutory  injuries,  1206. 
Louisiana  law,  121. 

consequences  of  intermeddling  with  property,  121a. 
direct  consequence  always  proximate,  1216. 
classification  of  cases  involving  remoteness,  121c. 
interposition  of  a  natural  force,  12\d. 
loss  by  exposure  to  the  weather,  122. 
injury  by  supervening  disease  or  accident,  123. 
interposition  of  the  act  of  an  animal,  124. 
infectious  disease,  125. 

defects  in  fences  and  gates.    Straying  cattle,  125a. 
intervention  of  human  agency,  126. 
interposition  of  plaintiff,  126a. 
d.  resulting  to  feelings  of  the  injured  party,  1266. 
loss  through  a  forced  sale  of  property,  126c. 
interposition  of  act  of  a  third  person,  126d. 
concurring  neghgence  of  third  person,  126e. 
loss  of  credit,  127. 
loss  of  business,  127a. 
loss  caused  by  a  crowd  attracted,  128. 
loss  of  employment,  129. 
loss  of  a  dependent  contract,  130. 
judicial  or  other  official  action,  131. 


INDEX  3321 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PROXIMATE  DAMAGES— Conimwei. 

deprivation  of  means  to  an  end,  132. 

deprivation  of  property,  133. 

deprivation  of  business  premises,  134. 

deprivation  of  machinery,  134o. 

deprivation  of  means  of  protection  to  person  or  property,  X35. 

detention  of  property,  136. 

loss  of  service,  137. 

against  telegraph  company,  896. 

See  Remote  Damages;  Consequential  Damages. 
PROXIMATENESS,  as  only  test,  142. 
PUBLIC,  d.  common  to  general,  34. 

power  over  private  property,  1107. 

and  private  injury,  distinction  between,  1123. 
PUBLIC  DUTY,  of  carrier,  suit  based  on,  840. 

of  telegraph  company,  878. 
PUBLIC  HIGHWAY,  repairs  of,  1108  n. 
PUBLIC-HOUSE,  taking  of,  1084,  1085,  1105. 

access  to,  1092. 

diminution  of  custom,  1105. 

stand  for,  11716. 
PUBLIC  INJURY,  and  private,  distinction  between,  1123. 
PUBLIC  LANDS,  recovery  by  one  in  possession  of,  70. 
PUBLIC  LIABILITY,  general  rule  of,  1108. 
PUBLIC  MONEYS,  recovery  on  bond  of  receiver  of,  692. 
PUBLIC  NUISANCE,  no  recovery  for  d.  by,  946. 
PUBLIC  OFFICE,  WTongful  occupation  of,  40. 
PUBLIC  POLICY,  forbidding  recovery  for  mental  suffering,  43c. 

how  far  limitation  of  liability  to  telegraph  company  allowed  by,  876. 
PUBLIC  ROAD,  railway  across,  1090. 

access  to,  1095. 
PUBLIC  SCHOOL,  exclusion  from,  40, 
PUBLIC  SCHOOLHOUSE,  erection  of,  1177. 
PUBLIC  SERVICE  corporations,  actions  against,  458. 

rule  in  tort  for  failure  to  supply  protection,  143. 
PUBLIC  STREET,  closing  of,  1123. 
PUBLIC  THOROUGHFARES,  access  to,  1093. 
PUBLIC  USE,  granting  of  property  for,  by  deed,  1109. 

appropriation  of  private  property,  for,  1077. 

interfere  with,  11666. 
PUBLIC  WAY,  laying  out  private  way  as,  1178 
PUBLIC  WORK,  construction  of,  94. 

neghgently  done,  95. 

statutes  authorizing,  1077. 
PUBLICATION,  containing  two  libelous  statements,  856. 
PULMONARY  DISEASE,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  581. 
PUMP,  d.  for  breach  of  wrarranty  of,  764. 
PUNISHMENT,  exemplary  d.  given  as,  360. 
PUNITIVE  DAMAGES.    See  Exemplary  Damages. 
PUNITORY  DAMAGES.    See  Exemplary  Damages. 


3322  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

PURCHASE  of  stock,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  for,  627a. 

bond  for,  679a. 

d.  against  agent  for,  825-827. 
d.  for  neglect  to,  825. 

of  wrong  goods,  d.  for,  826. 

at  excessive  price,  d.  for,  827. 

negligence  of  attorney  to  complete,  831. 

loss  of,  by  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  882. 

for  error  in  transmitting  terms  of,  886. 
PURCHASE  MONEY,  interest  upon,  301b. 

when  measure  of  d.  for  breach  of  covenant  of  warranty,  957,  961. 

of  covenant  of  seizin,  966. 

of  contract  for  sale  of  land,  1001  et  seq. 

whether  recoverable  for  failure  to  accept  conveyance  of  land,  1023. 
PURCHASE  PRICE  of  land,  recoverable  in  same  jurisdictions,  1024. 
PURCHASER  of  goods  converted,  d.  recoverable  from,  504. 

d.  against,  for  failure  to  receive  goods,  750,  753. 

of  land,  dower  in  improvements  by,  922. 

subsequent,  action  by,  1175. 
PURPOSE,  breach  of  warranty  of  fitness  for,  766. 

of  buyer  unknown  to  seller,  147. 

use  of  land  taken  for  other,  1116. 

manufacturing  impairing  usefulness  for,  11656. 

taking  of  land  for  levee,  1166(2. 

value  for  special,  11716. 

actual  value  for  residential,  1171c. 

QUALIFICATION  on  doctrine  of  allowance  of  benefits,  1125. 

of  successor,  acts  of  oflScer  pending,  6926. 
QUALITY,  d.  for  deficiency  m,  620. 

of  land,  1016. 

of  chattels,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  763. 

of  land  conveyed,  deficiency  in,  1016. 
QUANTITY,  d.  for  deficiency  in,  620. 

of  land,  1016,  1028. 

interference  with  exaction  of  penalty,  675c. 

measure  of  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  763. 

of  land  conveyed,  deficiency  in,  1016. 
QUANTUM  of  d.,  a  question  for  jurj',  19. 

proof  of,  170a. 
QUANTUM  MERUIT,  interest  on,  295,  312,  314. 

after  abandonment  of  performance,  622. 

action  on,  649. 

recovery  on,  649. 

measure  of  compensation  on,  650. 

for  benefit  accepted  by  defendant,  650. 

on  acceptance  of  money  borrowed  without  authority,  650. 

in  case  of  contract  void  by  statute  of  frauds,  651. 

upon  failure  of  consideration,  652. 

for  work  done  for  defendant's  benefit,  653. 


INDEX  3323 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

QUANTUM  MERUIT— Continued. 

for  extra  work,  655. 

upon  stoppage  of  work  by  act  of  God  or  of  the  law,  655c. 

where  plaintiff  has  not  completely  performed,  659-662. 

for  services,  664,  665. 

where  contract  price  for  services  is  uncertain,  670. 

for  services  rendered  on  void  contract,  6736,  673c. 

attempt  to  set  off,  1031  n. 
QUANTUM  VALEBAT,  measure  of  d.  on,  649  et  seq.    See  Quantum  Meruit. 
QUARE  IMPEDIT,  writ  of,  900. 

never  existed  in  America,  899. 
QUARRY,  value  of  land  for,  252  n. 

agreement  to,  612  n. 

opening,  is  special  benefit,  1130. 

land  appropriated,  1166c. 
QUARRY  RAILROAD,  building  of,  in  street,  1123  n. 
QUEBEC,  doctrine  of  exemplary  d.  in,  359. 

rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  warranty,  962. 
QUESTION  of  due  care,  1110. 

QUIET  ENJOYMENT,  d.  for  breach  of  covenent  of,  985  et  seq.    See  Warbantt 
OF  Land. 

covenant  of,  when  broken,  961  n. 

in  lease,  985-987. 

recoupment  for  breach  of  covenant  of,  in  lease,  1057. 
QVI  FACIT  PER  ALIUM  FACIT  PER  SE,  810. 
QUI  TAM  ACTIONS,  interest  in,  333. 
QUO  WARRANTO,  appeal  from  judgment  in,  688a. 
QUOTATIONS,  market,  as  evidence  of  value,  1299. 

RACE,  prevented  from  entering  horse  in,  200. 

loss  of  opportunity  to  compete  in,  200. 
RACE  HORSE,  value  of,  246. 
d.  for  replevin  for,  540. 
contract  to  train  and  ride,  670. 
recoupment  in  action  for  price  of,  1039. 
RAGS,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766. 
RAILROAD.    See  Cabbier  op  Passengers. 
I. — At  Common  Law 

whether  injury  through  operation  of,  is  cause  of  action,  33. 
one  action  against,  for  killing  animals,  856. 
construction  of,  and  great  public  works,  94. 
embankment,  d.  for  culvert  through,  95. 
failure  to  complete  in  time,  187. 

d.  on  breach  of  contract  to  construct  station,  194,  625,  630. 
to  construct  road,  149,  607  «.,  615  n.,  6476. 
to  employ  plaintiff  to  build,  607. 
to  build  and  operate,  620  n. 
to  extend  road,  630. 
d.  for  illegally  laying  out  in  highway,  217. 
value  of  land  for  construction  of,  252  n. 


3324  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

BMLROAD— Continued. 

profits  of  contract  to  construct,  614  n. 

d.  for  injunction  against  repairing,  685(2. 

delay  in  securing  crossing  over,  pending  appeal,  688a. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver  stock  in,  736. 

d.  for  inconvenieiice  caused  by  building,  along  street,  948. 

depreciation  caused  by,  recoverable  on  covenant  against  incumbrances, 

970. 
covenant  by,  to  keep  streets  in  repair,  999A. 
II. — Under  Statutes  of  Eminent  Domain 
across  public  road,  1090. 
loss  from  user  of,  1105. 
granting  location  on  street  to,  1108  n. 
consent  to  building  of,  1109. 
substitution  of,  for  plank  road,  1109. 
elevation  of  roadbed,  1109  n. 
increasing  number  of  tracks  on,  1109  n. 
unusual  noises  on,  1110  n. 
improper  construction  of,  1110  n. 
obstruction  of  stream  by,  1112. 
lowering  of  street  grade  by,  1112  n. 
statute  on  elevated,  1112a,  n. 
d.  from  operation  of,  1113. 
operation  of,  in  street,  1117. 
taking  right  of  way  for,  1114. 
elevated,  on  abutting  street,  1117. 
on  highway,  1120. 

vibration  from  operation  of,  1120,  1123. 
smoke  from  operation  of,  1120,  1123. 
dust  from  operation  of,  1120. 
noise  from  operation  of,  1120,  1123. 
d.  by  construction  of,  1117  n.,  1121,  1123  n.,  1165. 
unsightliness  of  construction  of,  1121. 
construction  of  elevated,  on  street,  1121  n. 

in  street,  1123,  1149  n. 
d.  by  operation  of,  1109,  1121,  1165a. 

in  Utah,  1123. 
highway  across,  1121  n.,  1152o,  1165. 
increase  of  value  from,  1122. 
steam,  in  street,  1123. 
building  of  quarry  in  street,  1123  n. 
d.  by,  to  land  not  taken,  1123  n. 
whether  operation  of,  is  to  be  taken  as  benefit,  1131. 
d.  for  condemnation  of  land  for,  1138,  11716. 

for  boat,  11716. 

for  portage,  1171e. 
injury  after  completion  of,  1151  n. 
taking  of  land  for,  1151  n. 
d.  in  proceedings  to  condemn  right  of  way  across,  1152a. 


INDEX  3325 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

UAILROAJ)— Continued. 

in  street,  not  new  burden  on  abutter,  who  does  not  own  fee  of  street, 
11520. 

new  burden  on  highway  where  fee  is  in  abutter,  1162a. 

laid  out  through  tract  of  land,  does  not  destroy  its  entirety,  1154  n. 

recovery  against,  for  taldng  by  eminent  domain,  after  previous  unlawful 
entry,  1159. 

in  neighborhood,  1162. 

through  farm  lands,  1165a. 

d.  by  elevated,  1165a. 

inconvenience  in  crossing,  11656. 

exposin-e  to  injiuy  in  crossing,  1165&. 

noise  made  by  elevated,  11656,  n. 

property  near,  1166,  11716. 

taking  of  right  of  way,  1166c. 

liability  of,  to  fence,  1167. 

not  obliged  to  construct  farm  crossings  in  Kansas,  1167. 

near  dwelling,  1168  n. 

value  for,  1171e. 

special  value  of  land  for,  1171,  1171e. 

grading  for,  11716. 

appropriation  of,  for  highway  purposes,  1173. 

improvements  placed  on  land  by,  1175. 

lands  taken  by,  1175. 
RAILROAD  COMPANY,  plan  of,  1149. 
RAILROAD  CROSSING,  changing  grade  of,  ll51  n. 

proximity  of,  to  private  road,  1078. 
RAILROAD  EMBANKMENT,  building,  1120,  limd. 
RAILROAD  FRONTAGE,  cutting  off  from,  11656. 
RAILROAD  LOCATION,  taking,  1119  n. 

RAILROAD  RIGHT  OF  WAY,  taking  of  telegraph  right  of  way  over,  1149. 
RAILROAD  SHARES,  breach  of  contract  to  buy,  751. 
RAILROAD  STATION,  establishment  of,  is  special  benefit,  1130. 
RAILROAD  STRUCTURE,  d.  from,  1149  n. 
RAILROAD  TRACK,  d.  for  failure  to  run  to  mill,  607  n. 

highway  across,  1165c. 
RAILROAD  YARD,  street  across,  1152a. 
RAIN,  leaking  in,  155. 

d.  for  injury  to  contents  of  building  by,  644. 

undermining  of  house  by,  1164. 
RAISING  water  level  on  land,  1116  n. 

street  grade,  1123  n. 

embankments,  1165. 
RAPE,  on  wife,  recovery  by  husband  for,  48. 
RATE  of  interest  on  legacy,  301c. 

on  money  paid  out  by  surety,  304. 

in  general,  324a. 

in  admiralty,  597a. 

the  conflict  of  laws  as  to,  1378. 

See  Interest. 


3326  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

BATE — Continued. 

of  salvage,  599c. 

of  compensation  for  services  of  attorney,  834o. 

of  freight  due  to  carrier,  841. 

of  insurance,  increase  in,  1166  n.,  11666,  n. 
RATES,  d.  for  discrimination  in,  857a. 
RATIFICATION  of  act,  as  basis  of  exemplary  d.,  380a. 
RATING,  expense  of  new,  in  admiralty,  589. 
RAW  MATERIAL,  warranted,  199. 
REAL,  mental  injury  must  be,  46a. 
REAL  ACTIONS,  d.  in,  898  et  seq. 

dower.    See  Dower. 

ejectment.    See  Ejectment. 

waste.    See  Waste. 
REAL  BENEFITS,  not  allowed  in  New  York,  1130a. 
REAL  COVENANTS,  951  et  seq. 
I. — In  General 

origin  of  the  rule,  951. 

peculiar  rule  of  d.  for  breach  of,  951. 

restricted  recovery,  951. 

the  ancient  warranty,  952. 

actual  loss  measures  the  d.  for,  953. 

what  constitutes  breach  of,  953. 

are  cumulative,  953. 

ordinary,  in  deeds,  953. 

civil  law  analogies,  954. 

under  French  code,  955. 
II. — Covenants  of  Warranty  and  Seisin 

of  warranty  and  quiet  enjoyment,  956  et  seq.     See  Warranty  of 
Land. 

what  constitutes  a  breach,  956. 

recovery  of  consideration  on  total  breach.  New  York  rule,  957. 

improvements  excluded  by  New  York  Rule,  958. 

the  New  York  rule  followed  in  most  states,  959. 

good  faith  required,  960. 

assignee's  d.,  961. 

recovery  of  value  at  time  of  eviction,  improvements  included,  New 
England  rule,  962. 

general  discussion  of  the  rules,  963. 

proof  of  consideration,  964. 

where  the  consideration  is  not  pecuniary,  965. 

of  seisin  and  right  to  convey,  966. 

consideration  with  interest  and  expenses  recoverable,  966. 
III. — Covenants  Against  Incumbrances 

general  principles,  967. 

incumbrance  removable,  968. 

total  eviction,  969. 

permanent  incumbrance  on  the  land,  970. 

improvements,  971. 

covenant  to  remove  incumbrances,  972. 


INDEX  3327 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

REAL  COVENANTS— ConimMed. 
IV. — General  Pkinciples 

nominal  d.,  953,  973. 

mortgages,  974. 

eviction  from  part  of  land,  975. 

partial  failure  of  title,  976. 

after  acquired  title,  American  doctrine  of  estoppel  by  deed,  977. 

reduction  of  d.,  978. 

title  perfected  by  grantee,  expenses  recoverable,  979. 

expenses  must  be  reasonable,  980. 

consequential  d.  not  recoverable,  980a. 

interest,  981. 

expense  of  defending  or  of  obtaining  possession,  982. 

counsel  fees,  983. 

recoupment  in  case  of  breach  of,  1053. 

in  leases.    See  Landlord  and  Tenant. 
REAL  ESTATE,  additional  d.  for  continued  withholding  of,  89. 

failure  to  give  possession  of,  185. 

bond  of  administrator  on  obtaining  license  to  sell,  692j. 

guardian,  whether  liable  on  bond  for  sale  of,  692A;. 

general  principles  modified  in  actions  concerning,  898. 

actions  for  possession  of,  899,  900. 

modem  forms  of  action  for  recovery  of,  901. 

"physical  invasion"  of,  1116. 

contracts  for  conveyance  of.    See  Land. 
REAL  ESTATE  AGENTS,  negligence  of,  829. 
REAPING-MACHINE,  warranty  of,  767. 

REASONABLE,  counsel  fees  recoverable  on  injunction  bond  must  be,  685?n. 
REASONABLE  COMPENSATION,  carrier  entitled  to,  841. 
REASONABLE  EXPENDITURE,  power  of  court  to  determine  what  is,  228. 
REASONABLENESS,  of  attempt  to  avoid  loss,  226m. 

of  expense,  of  avoiding  for  jury,  228. 
REBATE,  recovery  of  secret,  439i. 

at  custom-house,  d.  for  injury  to  goods  during  transportation  reduced  by, 
852. 
REBUILD,  election  on  fire  policy  to,  723. 

d.  for  breach  of  covenant  to,  994. 
RECAPTURE,  prevents  recovery  for  total  loss,  711. 
RECEIPT,  whether  conclusive  of  amount  due,  650. 
RECEIPTOR,  nominal  d.  against,  106. 

goods  having  been  delivered  to,  106. 

recovery  by,  4976. 

d.  against,  567. 

liability  of,  684. 

obligation  of,  567. 

mitigation  of  d.  against,  567. 

measure  of  d.  against,  667. 
RECEIVER,  interest  payable  by,  311/. 

whether  entitled  to  interest,  340a. 

d.  against,  for  negligent  action,  5596. 


3328  INDEX 

[References  are  ta  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

REGEIYER— Continued. 

d.  on  bond  to  seciire  appointment  of,  69  Id. 

appeal  from  order  appointing,  6880. 

of  i)ublic  moneys,  recovery  on  bond  of,  692. 

of  telegram,  action  by,  878. 
RECIPROCAL  DAMAGES  in  replevin,  542. 
RECITAL  in  bond,  binds  surety,  681a. 
RECOGNITION  of  land  as  street,  by  deed,  11496. 
RECONSTRUCTION  of  appliances,  1164. 

RECORDING  DEED,  liability  of  officer  for  negligence  in,  692  h. 
RECOUPER,  same  as  recoupment  in  old  law,  1034. 
RECOUPMENT,  interest  on  balance  after,  3146. 

for  work  not  performed  according  to  contract,  656. 

of  possible  earnings,  in  action  for  wrongful  discharge  of  servant,  665. 

of  d.,  for  improper  service,  674. 

in  action  on  note,  695. 

of  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  on  contract  of  sale,  762a. 

for  improvements  by  tenant  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  915. 

in  action  for  mesne  profits,  918. 

by  reason  of  insolvency  of  covenantor,  973. 

for  fraud  in  sale  of  land,  973. 

in  action  by  landlord  for  rent,  9996. 

none  for  tort,  in  action  for  rent,  9995. 

for  deficiency  in  quantity  of  land  sold,  1016. 

reduction  of  recovery  by  amount  of  adverse  claims  1030. 

difference  between,  and  set-off,  1033. 

for  liquidated  or  unliquidated  demands,  1033. 

original  meaning  of,  1034. 

modern  meaning  of,  1035. 

in  action  on  bill  or  note,  1036,  1039,  1040,  1050. 
for  defect  in  goods,  1036,  1060. 
on  contract  of  construction,  1036,  1067. 

in  England,  1038; 

breach  of  warranty  in,  1038,  1039,  1060. 

in  America,  1039. 

misbehavior  in  performance  of  duty,  1039,  1066. 

principle  on  which  the  doctrine  of,  is  founded,  1040. 

in  action  against  acconimodation  endorser,  1040. 

action  for  price  of  land,  1040,  1052. 

claim  recouped  must  be  recoverable  in  action,  1041. 

must  be  against  plaintiff  alone,  1041. 

against  a  minor,  not  allowed,  1041. 

not  allowed  for  remote  loss,  1041. 

must  arise  from  same  subject-matter  as  principal  claim,  1042. 

must  exist  before  beginning  of  suit,  1043. 

form  of  action  immaterial  in  case  of,  1044. 

in  actions  of  tort,  1044. 
of  replevin,  1044,  1057. 
of  detinue,  1044. 


INDEX  3329 

[ReferBnces  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.) 

RECOUPMENT— Con^mued. 

for  forcible  entry  and  detainer,  1044. 

to  enforce  mechanic's  lien,  1044. 
notice  of,  1045. 
must  be  pleaded,  1046. 
where  both  demands  are  unliquidated,  1047. 
election  between,  and  cross-action,  1048. 
no  recovery  by  defendant  in  case  of,  1049. 
for  installment,  1051. 
in  case  of  fraud  in  sale  of  land,  1052. 
breach  of  real  covenants,  1053. 
receipt  of  profits  of  land,  1054. 
trespass  by  grantor  of  land,  1055. 
fraud  in  effecting  lease  of  land,  1056. 
breach  of  covenants  in  lease,  1057. 
tort  of  landlord,  1058. 
sale  of  chattels,  1059  et  seq. 

non-delivery  of  part,  1059. 

fraud  or  false  representations,  1060. 

breach  of  term  of,  1061. 
sale  of  good-will  of  business,  1062. 
contract  for  hire  of  chattels,  1063. 
contract  of  service,  1064  et  seq. 
departure  without  notice,  1064. 
destruction  of  master's  property,  1065. 
misbehavior  in  performance  of  duty,  1066. 
contracts  of  construction,  1067. 
contracts  of  carriage,  1068. 
pledges,  1069. 

misapplication  of  the  term,  1069. 
miscellaneous  contracts,  1070. 
foreclosure  of  mortgage,  1070. 
exchange  of  property,  1071. 
prevents  recovery  for  same  cause,  1072. 
failure  to  claim,  does  not  bar  action  for  same  cause,  1073; 
of  payment  not  pleaded,  1074. 
after  verdict,  1075. 
RECOVERY  of  funeral  expenses,  570a. 

for  diminution  in  value  of  reservoir,  1080. 
for  d.  under  permissive  powers,  1089. 
for  improvements  on  land,  1104. 
for  physical  discomfort,  1123. 
for  inconvenience,  1123. 

beyond  compensation.    See  Exemplary  Damages. 
RECOVERY  OF  SPECIFIC  PERSONAL  PROPERTY,  action  for,  526  et  seq. 
detinue,  527. 
replevin,  528. 

separate  action  by  defendant,  528a. 
nominal  d.,  529. 
early  English  statutes,  530. 

209 


3330  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

RECOVERY  OF  SPECIFIC  PERSONAL  PROPERTY— CoTrimwed. 
value  of  the  property,  351. 
recovery  by  owner  of  a  special  interest,  631a. 
plaintiff  bound  by  valuation  in  writ,  632. 
value,  when  to  be  estimated,  533. 
value  increased  by  l^bor  of  defeated  party,  534. 
d.  for  detention,  635. 
decrease  in  value,  536. 
loss  of  the  property  pending  litigation,  536a. 
value  of  use,  537. 
interest  as  d.  for  detention,  538. 
increase  or  income  of  the  property,  539. 
consequential  d.,  540. 

sequestration  proceeding  in  Louisiana,  541. 
reciprocal  d.,  642. 
REDEMPTION  of  mortgage,  expense  of,  recoverable  in  action  for  breach  of 

covenant,  968. 
REDRESS,  subject  of  d.  a  branch  of  the  law  of,  1. 

of  property  owner  for  unauthorized  d.,  1110. 
extension  of,  1119. 
REDUCTION  of  amount  of  adverse  claim.    See  Recoupment 
REDUCTION  OF  DAMAGES,  how  effected,  53  et  seq. 
not  by  offer  of  specific  reparation,  53. 
whether  by  bringing  property  into  court,  54. 
by  reparation  accepted  by  plaintiff,  66. 
by  return  to  general  owner,  55o. 
by  reparation  preventing  actual  loss,  66,  213. 
by  reparation  accepted  from  third  party,  57. 
by  recovery  of  property,  58. 
by  appUcation  of  property  to  plaintiff's  benefit,  59. 

only  if  accepted  by  plaintiff,  69. 

or  if  he  cannot  object,  60. 
by  application  authorized  by  law,  60. 

in  case  of  seizure  by  creditor,  .60. 

by  proceeds  of  informal  sale  after  legal  seizure,  61. 

by  executor  de  son  tort,  61. 

by  payment  of  plaintiff's  debt  by  sheriff,  61. 
by  offer  of  reparation  that  would  prevent  further  loss,  62. 
by  benefit  conferred  on  injured  party,  63. 
in  actions  for  flooding  lands,  64. 
none  where  benefit  is  enjoyed  in  common  with  others,  65. 

nor  where  not  caused  directly  by  wrongful  act  itself,  66. 

nor  by  benefit  received  from  third  parties,  67. 

nor  by  charitable  aid,  67,  860. 

Qor  by  amount  received  on  insurance  policy,  67o. 
by  return  of  property,  435. 
by  value  of  carcass  of  animal,  435. 
for  conversion,  493a. 

by  return  of  goods  converted,  494a,  4946, 
by  repurchase  of  property,  494c, 


INDEX  3331 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

REDUCTION  OF  DAMAGES— Continued. 

in  action  against  public  officer,  548. 

by  return  of  property  illegally  attached,  665. 

by  return  of  goods  or  their  proceeds,  565a. 

for  death,  583. 

in  admiralty,  691. 

for  collision,  591. 

for  breach  of  contract,  608. 

for  breach  of  contract  to  buy  stock,  627a. 

by  offer  to  take  back  discharged  servant,  667. 

for  services  of  infant,  673a. 

on  statutory  bond,  681. 

on  attachment  bond,  682. 

on  replevin  bond,  691a. 

on  detinue  bond,  691c. 

on  sheriff's  bond,  692i. 

on  pohcy  of  marine  insurance,  719. 
of  fire  insurance,  726. 

on  contract  of  indemnity,  801. 

against  co-surety,  808a. 

for  non-deUvery  by  carrier,  848. 

by  acceptance  of  insurance  money,  849. 

for  injury  during  transportation,  852. 

not  by  gratuitous  nursing,  860. 

none  by  recovery  on  insurance  policy,  860. 

for  mesne  profits,  908,  909,  918. 

because  loss  was  inevitable,  928. 

from  injury  to  land,  929. 

by  after  acquired  title,  977. 

on  real  covenants,  978. 

for  breach  of  contract  for  share  of  crop,  989. 

for  failure  to  pay  rent,  9996. 

on  breach  of  contract  to  convey  land,  1013. 

by  set  off  or  recoupment,  1030  pt  seq. 

on  account  of  payment  after  suit  brought,  1074. 

by  common  benefit,  1125. 

for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  1160a. 

hypothetical,  not  allowed,  1161. 
RE-ENTRY  requisite  for  disseizee  to  bring  trespass,  931. 
RE-EXCHANGE,  amount  of,  700. 

on  foreign  bill,  700,  701. 

on  notes,  inland  bills  and  bank  checks,  700a. 

no  recovery  for,  unless  necessary,  701. 

conflict  of  laws  as  to,  1375. 
REFECTORY,  loss  of  profits  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 
REFEREES,  report  of,  may  be  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328. 
REFRIGERATOR,  furnishing  defective,  2126,  n. 

d.  for  destruction  of,  766. 
REFUSAL  to  take  goods  manufactured,  d.  for,  752. 

to  transport  by  carrier,  842. 


3332  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

REFUSAL— Con/ireued. 

of  vendor  to  convey  land,  d.  for,  1007. 
REFUSE,  d.  for  depositing  in  pond,  941. 
REGALIA,  d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  856. 
REGISTER  OF  DEEDS.    See  Deeds. 
REGULATIONS,  right  of  telegraph  company  to  make,  876. 

must  be  reasonable,  876. 

d.  limited  by,  876. 
RE-IMBURSEMENT  of  agent  by  principal,  834. 

of  surety  on  subsequent  bond,  692c. 
RE-INSTATE,  election  on  policy  of  fire  insurance  to,  723. 
RE-INSTATEMENT,  cost  of,  1172(i. 
RE-INSURANCE,  728. 

whether  required  after  lapse  of  policy,  212. 

cost  of,  730. 
RELATIONS,  exemplary  d.  ioi  injury  to,  51. 

RELATIONSHIP,  may  be  indicated  to  the  company  by  terms  of  the  message, 
169. 

notice  of,  in  telegram,  894c. 
RELATIVE,  d.  for  mental  suffering  for  default  in  delivering  message,  announcing 

sickness  or  death  of,  8946. 
RELEASE,  from  wrongful  arrest,  recovery  of  expense  of,  226d. 

expense  of,  recoverable  in  action  for  false  imprisonment,  463. 

from  imprisonment,  expense  of  obtaining,  463. 

of  debtor,  d.  on  bond  to  secure,  686. 

recovery  of  expense  of  obtaining,  in  action  on  real  covenant,  979. 

of  d.,  1109  n. 

effect  of,  on  liability  for  negligence,  1110  n. 

of  dower,  d.  for  failure  to  procure,  1016. 

covenant  to  make,  1019. 
RELIEF,  equitable,  3. 
REMAINDER-MAN,  of  chattel,  recovery  by,  83. 

compensation  recoverable  by,  for  taking  by  eminent  domain,  1156. 
REMAND,  whether  remote  consequence  of  wrongful  arrest,  464. 
REMEDIAL  reUef,  2. 
REMEDY,  to  be  commensurate  with  injury,  29. 

wherever  common  law  gives  a  right,  29. 

wherever  there  is  a  wrong,  97. 

not  generally  known  not  requisite,  221a. 

rule  of  d.  as  affected  by,  389. 

for  death,  election  of,  571c. 
REMITTANCE,  d.  against  agent  for  failure  to  make,  819. 
REMITTITUR,  1259. 

to  cure  excess  of  verdict,  1330. 

when  will  be  entered,  1331. 

of  excess,  1331. 
REMOTE,  avoidable  consequences  are,  202. 

counsel  fees  are  not,  230. 
REMOTE  CONSEQUENCES  of  false  imprisonment,  464. 

not  recoverable  in  marine  insurance,  718. 


INDEX  3333 

[Rfeferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
REMOTE  DAMAGES,  ch.  vu. 

not  all  results  of  a  wrongful  act  are  compensated,  110. 

direct  and  indirect  results  of  a  wrong,  111. 

fundamental  distinctions.  Ilia. 

proximate  and  remote  cause,  111b. 

tests  proposed  for  the  determination  of  proximate  cause,  111c. 

time  and  distance,  lllrf. 

probability  and  rarity;  possibility  and  impossibility,  llle. 

causal  sequence,  111/. 

causa  sine  qvd  nmi.    The  "but  for  which"  rule,  112. 

remote  consequences  not  compensated,  113. 

consequences  of  an  act  complex  in  nature,  114. 

Scott  V.  Shepherd,  115. 

what  consequences  are  remote,  115a. 

question  of  remoteness  a  question  of  fact,  116. 

instances  of  proximate  and  remote  consequences,  117. 

cause  and  condition,  118. 

exposure  to  risk:  negligence  concurring  with  cause  for  which  defendant  is 

not  responsible,  119. 
cases  against  carriers.    Comparative  exposure  to  risk.    Anticipation  of 

loss,  119a.  ^ 

causes  of  divergence  in  the  cases,  1196. 
analogy  in  cases  of  deviation,  119c. 

leading  cases  in  Massachusetts,  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  119rf. 
confusion  of  authorities,  119e. 

lack  of  privity  or  duty  as  aifecting  cause  of  action,  120. 
d.  supervening  from  a  collateral  cause,  120a. 
proximate  and  remote  results  of  statutory  injuries,  1206. 
Louisiana  law,  121. 

consequences  of  intermeddUng  with  property,  121a. 
direct  consequence  always  proximate,  1216. 
classification  of  cases  involving  remoteness,  121c. 
interposition  of  a  natural  force,  121d. 
loss  by  exposure  to  the  weather,  122. 
injury  by  supervening  disease  or  accident,  123. 
interposition  of  the  act  of  an  animal,  124. 
infectious  disease,  125. 

defects  in  fences  and  gates.    Straying  cattle,  125a. 
intervention  of  human  agency,  126. 
interposition  of  plaintiff,  126a. 
d.  resulting  to  feelings  of  the  injured  party,  1266. 
loss  through  a  forced  sale  of  property,  126c. 
interposition  of  act  of  a  third  person,  126d. 
concurring  negligence  of  third  person,  126e. 
loss  of  credit,  127. 
loss  of  business,  127a. 
loss  caused  by  a  crowd  attracted,  128. 
loss  of  employment,  129. 
loss  of  a  dependent  contract,  130. 
judicial  or  other  official  action,  131. 


3334  .INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

REMOTE  DAMAGES— Continued. 

deprivation  of  means  to  an  end,  132. 

deprivation  of  property,  133. 

deprivation  of  business  premises,  134. 

deprivation  of  machinery,  134a. 

deprivation  of  means  of  protection  to'  person  or  property,  135. 

detention  of  property,  136. 

loss  of  service,  137. 

for  conversion,  506a. 

on  statutory  bond,  680. 

not  recoverable  on  attachment  bond,  682. 

not  allowed  on  injunction  bond,  685. 

of  sale  by  agent  without  authority,  838. 

not  recoverable  against  carrier,  852. 

for  trespass  on  land,  what  are,  932. 

no  recoupment  can  be  allowed  for,  1041. 

excluded,  1086.    See  CoNSEQirENTiAii  Damages. 
REMOVABLE  NUISANCE,  d.  for,  948. 
REMOVAL,  expense  of,  149. 

of  tenant's  furniture,  167. 

to  other  premises,  cost  of,  226^. 

to  accept  service,  607. 

d.  for  expense  of,  607o. 

in  action  for  breach  of  contract  to  employ,  607  n. 

of  buildings,  d.  for,  935o,  1168. 

of  soil,  d.  for,  939. 

of  chattels,  recovery  of  d.  for,  in  action  for  trespass  on  land,  943. 

of  lateral  support,  1110  n.,  1123  n. 

of  timber,  1168. 

of  protection  against  freshets,  1117. 

of  shade  trees,  1122. 

of  personal  property,  cost  of,  1123. 
REMOVE  incumbrances,  breach  of  covenant  to,  972. 
REMOVING  property,  expense  of,  1169. 
REMUNERATION,  arbitrary,  in  insurance,  709,  715. 
RENEW,  d.  for  breach  of  covenant  to,  996. 

RENEWALS  of  insurance,  agent  entitled  to  commissions  on,  834e. 
RENT,  illegal  distraint  for,  100. 

loss  of,  155. 

likelihood  in  particular  case  of  receiving,  186. 

payable  in  kind,  279c,  n. 

interest  on,  307,  919. 

payable  in  chattels,  interest  on,  313o. 

deposit  to  secure,  whether  liquidated  d.,  414. 

entire,  when  recoverable  for  a  breach  of  contract  to  occupy  a  room,  612. 

how  far  recoverable  for  delay  in  constructing  building,  645. 

recovery  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 

injunction  against  collecting,  6S5c. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  on  sequestration  bond,  691rf. 

of  real  estate,  not  chargeable  on  bond  of  executor  or  administrator,  692/. 


INDEX  333S 

IReferences  axe  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
BENT— Cmtinued. 

recoverable  against  insurance  company  during  rebuilding,  723. 

not  recoverable  on  policy  of  fire  insurance,  724. 

contract  to  pay  another's,  789. 

covenant  of  sub-lessee  to  pay,  789. 

neglect  of  agent  to  collect,  829. 

not  measure  of  mesne  profits,  907. 

for  use  of  improvements,  whether  recoverable  itt  action  for  mesne  profit, 
.  909a. 

mesne  profits  reduced  by  payment  of,  918. 

interest  on,  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  919. 

compensation  for  loss  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 

action  to  recover,  999a. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  pay,  999a. 

excuse  for  payment  of,  999c. 

apportionment  of,  999(i. 

recoupment  in  action  for,  1040,  1067. 

no  recoupment  for  tort  of  landlord  in  action  for,  1042. 
RENTS  AND  PROFITS  of  land,  equalling  interest,  3016. 

doweress  whether  entitled  to,  921. 

of  land  whether  chargeable  to  vendee  on  breach  by  vendor  to  convey, 
1012a. 

loss  of,  1151  n.,  1166d. 

See  Mesne  Profits. 
RENTAL  VALUE,  184,  189,  1171c. 

recovery  of,  1716. 

of  land,  as  d.  for  use,  685a. 

of  property,  not  delivered,  recoverable,  742. 

of  land,  d.  for  diminution  of,  932. 

recovery  for  diminution  of,  948. 

of  leased  premises,  what  is,  984,  988. 

what  is,  999e. 

allowance  for,  dining  delay  in  conveyance,  1021a. 

as  basis  of  compensation,  1081. 

higher  prospective,  1104. 

in  elevated  railway  cases,  1203. 

loss  of,  1165c. 

evidence  of,  1171a. 
REPAIR,  neglect  to,  causing  injury,  35. 

contract  to  keep  gate  in,  89. 

breach  of  contract  to,  prospective  d.  on,  89,  90. 

contract  to  keep  cattle-passes  in,  90. 

consequential  d.,  155. 

agreement  to,  155. 

failure  to  keep  in,  189. 

contract  to  keep  machinery  in,  190. 

of  a  ship,  196. 

avoidable  consequences,  202,  205,  209,  226. 

agreement  by  landlord,  209. 

tenant's  agreement  to  make,  210, 


3336  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

REPAIR— Conimwet/. 

expense  of,  recoverable,  226(i. 

of  injury  from  defective  boiler,  226d. 

where  reasonable  to  make,  226  n. 

expense  of  litigation,  240. 

interest  on  money  spent  for,  316. 

of  chattel,  expense  of,  435,  438. 

expense  of,  in  case  of  collision,  589,  592. 
in  admiralty,  689. 

avoidable  consequences  not  recoverable  on  breach  of  contract  to,  608. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  614  n.,  633(i,  636/i,  6466. 
of  contract  of  bailment  for,  6336. 

of  dam,  d.  for  injunction  against,  685/. 

of  vessel,  cost  of,  as  constituting  constructive  total  loss,  711. 
recovery  for,  on  marine  policy,  714. 

d.  on  election  of  insurer  to  make,  723. 

of  road,  failure  of  agent  to  make,  829. 

commission  of  agent  for  superintending,  834(i. 

interest  on  cost  of,  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  919. 

recovery  by  tenant  of  cost  of,  926. 

recovery  of  cost  of,  in  action  for  injury  to  land,  932. 

of  injury  caused  by  flooding  land,  recoverable,  942. 

breach  by  landlord  of  covenant  to,  991. 

covenant  of  tenant  to,  999A. 

d.  for  failure  to  restore  leased  premises  in  good,  999y. 

recoupment  for  breach  of  covenant  of,  1061. 

of  public  highway,  1108  n. 

covenant  to.    See  Covenant. 
REPARATION,  rules  of,  under  Roman  law,  24. 

offer  of,  does  not  reduce  d.,  53. 

specific,  53. 

accepted,  reduces  d.,  55. 

offer  of,  reduces  d.  if  it  would  prevent  loss,  56. 

by  third  party,  57. 

preventing  further  loss,  62. 

offer  of,  by  defendant,  222. 
REPEATED  MESSAGE,  876. 
REPETITION  of  telegraphic  message,  876. 

REPETITION  OF  DEFAMATION,  whether  provable  in  aggravation,  384a,  n., 
446. 

d.  for,  444a,  448d. 

proof  that  slanderous  words  were  as  mitigation  of  d.,  448d. 
REPLACEMENT  of  trestle  by  embankment,  1109. 
REPLACEMENT  IN  THE  MARKET,  208a,  228a  et  seg. 

connection  of  replacement  with  the  rule  of  avoidable  consequences,  228a. 

replacement  not  a  duty,  2286. 

possible  cases  of  replacement,  228c. 

contracts  for  carrying  stocks  on  a  margin,  228rf. 

the  measure  of  d.  in  stock-carrying  contracts,  228e. 

non-speculative  stock  contracts,  228/. 


INDEX  3337 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

REPLACEMENT  IN  THE  MARKET— Conimwed. 

contracts  for  purchase  and  sale  of  chattels,  228ff. 

connection  of  this  subject  with  the  rule  of  higher  intermediate  value, 

228A. 
proof  of  replacement,  228i. 
necessity  of,  735. 
cost  of,  1171d,  1172a. 

same  as  market  value,  228c. 

as  bearing  on  value,  735a. 

when  price  of  goods  has  been  paid  in  advance,  744. 

as  evidence  of  value  of  buildings,  935a. 
necessity  of,  upon  non-deUvery  of  goods  sold,  735. 
vendee  under  no  duty  of,  741. 
REPLEVIN,  recovery  in,  by  owner  of  limited  interest  in  possession,  77. 
by  general  owner,  78. 

for  part  of  goods,  no  action  in  trespass  for  rest,  85ft. 
nominal  d.  for  detention  of  personal  property  in  action  of,  101  n. 
no  evidence  as  to  length  of  period  of  detention,  107a,  n. 
avoidable  consequences  in,  214,  216. 
costs  of  action  of,  in  action  for  conversion,  226c. 
expenses  of  litigation  not  recoverable  in,  233. 
no  recovery  of  counsel  fges  in,  235a. 
interest  in,  317,  538. 
exemplary  d.  in,  375. 

d.  for  failure  to  hand  over  goods  replevied,  556. 
higher  intermediate  value,  whether  recoverable  in,  507. 
action  of,  .526  el  seq. 
bond  must  be  given,  526,  528. 
distinction  between,  and  trover,  528. 

rule  of  d.  the  same  whether  plaintiff  or  defendant  recovers,  528. 
much  modified  by  statute,  528. 
separate  action  by  defendant,  528a. 
nominal  d.  in  actions  of,  629,  531,  535. 
early  English  statutes  as  to,  530, 
value  of  property  in,  631. 
recovery  by  owner  of  a  special  interest,  531a. 
valuation  in  writ,  whether  conclusive,  532. 
when  value  of  property  estimated  in  action  of,  533. 
when  labor  of  defeated  party  to  be  considered  in  action  of,  634. 
d.  for  detention  in  action  of,  535. 
'    when  it  becomes  like  an  action  of  trover,  535. 
d.  for  decrease  in  value  of  property  taken  in,  536. 
loss  of  the  property  pending  litigation,  636a. 
value  of  use,  537. 

interest  as  d.  for  detention  of  property  in,  538. 
compensation  for  natural  increase  of  property  in,  539. 
income  of  the  property,  639. 
consequential  d.  in  action  of,  640. 
similar  to  sequestration  proceedings  in  Louisiana,  541. 
reciprocal  d.  for,  542. 


333S  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  A.  taeaiis  note.] 

BEPLEVm— Continued. 

value  of  property  when  estimated  in  action  on,  690. 

destruction  of  goods  taken  in,  before  judgment,  691. 

reduction  of  d.  on,  691a. 

is  possessory  action,  691a. 

for  fences,  d.  in,  938. 

recoupment  in  action  of,  1044,  1057. 

after  distress  for  rent,  recoupment  in  action  of,  1057. 
REPLEVIN  BOND,  d.  on,  533,  689. 

d.  for  detention  on,  535. 

action  against  sheriff  for  taking  informal  or  insufficient,  555. 

recoverj'  on,  689,  689a. 

counsel  fees  in  action  on,  not  recoverable,  689. 

recovery  of  d.  for  taking  not  assessed  in  replevin  suit,  689. 

destruction  of  property  before  payment,  691. 

recoupment  in  action  on,  1041. 
REPORT  of  master,  interest  on,  335. 

recovery  on  bond  for  failure  to  render,  692/. 
REPRODUCTION,  cost  of,  1168. 
REPUDIATION  of  plaintiff,  may  be  shown  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 

of  policy  of  insurance  by  company,  730. 

of  contract,  636a  et  seq. 

performable  in  instalments,  6366. 

continuance  of  performance  after,  636c. 

anticipatory  breaeh:  d.  upon  breach  before  time  for  performance,  636(i. 

d.  affected  by  fluctuations  in  the  market,  636e. 

avoidance  of  loss  by  making  forward  contracts,  636/. 

difference  between,  and  rescission,  655a. 

to  take  manufactured  goods,  d.  upon,  752. 

to  convey  land,  1012a. 
REPURCHASE  of  converted  property,  by  owner,  494c. 
REPURCHASING,  expense  of,  565a. 
REPUTATION,  injury  to,  compensated,  39,  50. 

exemplary  d.  for  injury  to,  51. 

in  business,  injury  to,  171a,  n. 

prospective  d.  for  injury  to,  172a. 

d.  for  injury  to,  by  slander  or  libel,  443. 

affecting  d.  for  defamation,  445. 

of  plaintiff,  in  mitigation  of  d.  for  slander  or  libel,  451. 

by  malicious  prosecution  458. 

d.  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  malicious  prosecution  of  civil  suit,  468. 

for  wealth  of  defendant  shown  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  mar- 
riage, 638. 
RES  ADJUDICATA,  1164. 
RESALE,  contemplation  of,  156. 

of  land,  156. 

d.  for  loss  of,  161,  162,  163. 

notice  of  contemplation  of,  162. 

profits  expected  from,  197. 

at  another  place,  goods  purchased  for,  246. 


INDEX  3339 

EReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

RESALE— Continued. 

value  affected  by  profit  of,  248a. 

price  of,  as  bearing  on  value,  73.56,  854. 

value  of  goods  purchased  for,  739. 

profits  of,  on  non-delivfery  of  goods,  739. 

d.  for  failure  to  supply  goods  bought  for,  742a. 

of  goods  by  seller,  on  failure  of  purchaser  to  receive,  750. 

after  non-payment  for  goods,  750. 

after  non-acceptance  of  goods  purchased,  755. 

of  goods  by  vendor  after  default,  755. 

price  received  on,  as  evidence  of  value,  762. 

on  breach  of  warranty  of  goods,  762. 

at  a  distance,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  goods  purchased  for,  762,  770, 

771. 
of  warranted  goods,  d.  for  loss  of,  771. 
profit  of,  whether  recoverable  against  carrier,  844. 
d.  cannot  be  recovered  for  loss  of,  854. 
of  land,  contemplation  of  parties  as  to,  1005. 
as  evidence  of  value  of  land,  1018. 
as  evidence  of  d.  for  failure  to  accept  deed,  1018 

of  land,  no  recovery  for  loss  of,  1022. 

unless  notice  received,  1022. 
RESCISSION  OF  CONTRACT,  636/,  n. 
recovery  upon,  655a. 

of  employment,  right  of  servant  to  elect,  665. 
of  service  by  mutual  consent,  673. 
for  sale  of  chattel,  733a. 
of  sale  after  non-acceptance  of  goods,  754. 
for  sale,  d.  upon,  754. 
after  notice  of  coimtermand,  758. 
to  convey  land^  1012o. 

See  REPtTDIATION. 

RESCUE  of  vessel,  prevents  recovery  for  total  loss,  711. 
RESERVOIR,  collection  of  water  in,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 

percolating,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 

breaking  away  of,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 

recovery  for  diminution  in  value,  1080. 

taking  of  land  for,  1162. 

construction  of,  1164. 

imlawful  entry  to  construct,  1175. 

and  dam,- 1162. 
RESERVOIR  PURPOSES,  taking  of  land  for,  1085,  1151  n. 

land  condemned  for,  1171e. 
RESERVOIR  SITE,  property  condemned  for,  11716. 

value  of  property  as,  1171e. 
RESIDENCE,  nearness  of  poles  to,  1149  n. 

adaptability  of  land  for,  11716. 

summer  property  used  as,  1171c. 

actual  value  for,  1171c. 
RESPONDEAT  SUPERIOR,  810. 


3340  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

RESTAURANT,  eviction  from  premises  used  as,  182n. 

value  of  land  for,  252  n. 
RESTRAINT,  of  trade,  contracts  in,  1935. 

RESTRICTIVE  COVENANT,  d.  for  depreciation  caused  by,  970. 
RESTITUTION,  demand  under  writ  of,  690. 

RESTORATION  of  land  after  flooding,  recovery  of  expense  of,  942. 
RESTRAINING  ORDER,  d.  caused  by,  685. 
RESTRICTIONS,  effect  of,  on  value  of  fee,  1158. 
RESTS,  annual,  in  accounts  when  allowed,  344. 
RETAIL  value  of  goods,  197,  722. 

profits  from  sale  at,  197. 
RETAIL  PRICE  includes  profits,  197. 
RETRACTION  of  defamation  as  affecting  d.,  453. 
RETURN,  accepted,  nominal  d.,  after,  98. 

of  chattels  to  owner,  435. 

d.  for  failure  to  make,  556. 

d.  for  false,  557. 

of  borrowed  property,  contract  for,  633b. 

judgment  for,  in  replevin,  689. 

judgment  for,  does  not  bar  defendant  in  action  on  replevin  bond,  691a. 

d.  on  sheriff's  bond  for  failure  to  make,  692i. 

not  corresponding  to  warranty,  759. 

of  goods  shown  in  reduction  of  d.,  55a. 

of  goods,  reduction  of  d.  for,  565o. 

of  goods  converted,  reduction  by,  493o,  494a,  494b. 

of  property,  as  reducing  d.,  435. 

of  property,  d.  for  failure  to  make,  6336. 
RETURNING  EXECUTION,  neglect  in  not,  103. 
REVENGE,  exemplary  d.  for,  364. 
REVERSION,  d.  for  injury  to,  74. 
REVERSIONARY  INTEREST,  in  elevated  railway  cases,  1201. 

value  of,  1084,  1085. 
REVERSIONER  of  land,  d.  recoverable  by,  74. 

defendant  answerable  in  part  to,  69. 

as  well  as  lessee,  injury  to,  71. 

recovery  by,  72. 

nominal  d.  recoverable  by,  98,  100. 

trover  by,  for  cutting  of  branches,  100. 

recovery  by,  on  fire  policy,  725. 

recovery  by,  for  injury  to  land,  926. 
REVERTER,  possibility  of,  has  no  ascertainable  value,  1155. 
REVOCATION  of  submission  to  arbitration,  d.  for,  687. 
REVOLVER,  whether  baggage,  873,  n. 
REWARD,  for  murderer,  200. 

paid  for  return  of  property  converted,  recovery  of,  494c. 
RHODE  ISLAND,  constitutional  provisions  for  allowance  of  benefits  in,  1145, 

1148. 
RIB,  excessive  d.  for  fracture  of,  1350. 
RIBBONS,  breach  of  contract  to  dye,  620  «. 
RICE,  contract  for  payment  in,  279b. 


INDEX  3341 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

RIGHT  of  eminent  domain,  basis  of,  1107. 
nature  of,  1107. 

of  property,  1107. 

nominal  d.  for  infringement  of,  98. 

invaded  or  interfered  with,  nominal  d.,  104. 

belief  of,  exemplary  d.  mitigated  by,  383c. 

in  stock,  neglect  of  ageiit  to  sell,  828. 

interference  with,  1094. 

to  furnish  cloak-rooms  in  theatre,  1097. 

to  supply  refreshments,  1097. 

to  sink  shafts  in  lands  for  minerals,  1097, 

to  advertise  in  theatre,  1097. 

of  lateral  support,  1149a, 

pertaining  to  property  not  taken,  1149a. 

to  flow  of  stream,  1149a. 

not  affected,  d.  when,  11496. 

in  condemnation  proceedings,  basis  of,  11496. 

private,  of  ferriage,  1171a. 
RIGHT  OF  ACTION,  what  injuries  give,  33. 

question  of,  often  confounded  with  remote  consequences,  114. 

exemplary  d.  alone  never  give,  361. 

for  slander,  what  will  give,  443. 

personal,  1095. 
RIGHT  OF  WAY,  obstruction  of,  93  n. 

bond  to  pay  for,  677. 

unlawful  use  of,  1110.  n. 

throwing  earth  and  trees  on  land  outside  of,  1110  n. 

for  railroad,  taking  of,  1114. 

obstruction  of,  1117. 

for  telegraph,  1149  n. 
■  for  telegraph,  taking  of,  over  railroad  right  of  way,  1149. 

taking  of,  across  railroads,  1152a. 

may  form  part  of  land  to  which  it  is  appurtenant  for  eminent  domain 
proceedings,  1154. 

taken  for  pipe-line,  1165. 

taking  of,  by  railroad,  1166c. 

opening  of  new  road  across,  1167. 
RIGHT  10  CONVEY,  d.  on  covenant  of,  966. 
RING,  whether  baggage,  873  n. 
RISE  in  value,  benefits  through,  1103. 
RISK  of  conviction,  recovery  for,  in  malicious  prosecution,  458. 

of  salvor,  as  affecting  amount  of  salvage,  699c. 

of  injury,  compensation  for,  866. 

increased,  from  fire,  1149a. 

and  danger  in  general,  1165c. 
conjectural,  1165c. 

of  fire,  1164,  1165,  1166. 

from  leakage  of  gas,  1165. 

from  crossing  road,  1165c. 

to  orchard,  1165. 


3342  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

RIVER,  impairment  of  access  to,  99  n. 

obstruction  of,  182. 

loss  of  use  of  frontage  on,  1101. 

changing  current  of,  1109  n. 

change  in  course  of,  1120. 

taking  of  land  to  widen,  11716. 

land  enriched  by  sediment  from,  1171&, 

access  to  navigable,  1093. 
ROAD,  loss  of  use  of,  187. 

avoidable  consequences  of  obstruction  of,  215. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  build,  614  n.,  618  n.,  647. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  repair,  647. 

d.  against  agent  to  keep  in  repair,  829. 

d.  for  building,  910. 

private,  proximity  of  railway  crossing  to,  1078. 

public,  railway  across,  1090. 

narrowing  of,  1092. 

on  plan,  access  to,  1096. 

construction  of  culvert  under,  1109  n. 

private,  owner  compelled  to  build,  1109. 

through  pasture,  1149  n. 

d.  from  construction  of,  1164. 

difficulty  of  crossing,  1165. 

risk  from  crossing,  1165c. 

building,  without  condemnation  proceedings,  1165c. 

opening  of  new,  across  right  of  way,  1167. 

turnpike,  taken  for  highway,  1171(i. 

private,  compensation  for,  1178. 
enhancement  of  value  by,  1178. 
ROADBED,  of  raih-oad,  elevation  of,  1109  n. 

ROADS,  laid  out  through  tract  of  land  do  not  destroy  entirety  of  it,  1154  «. 
ROADWAY,  elevation  of,  impairing  access,  1123. 
ROBBERY,  loss  of  money  by,  whether  chargeable  to  treasurer,  692/. 
ROCK,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  remove,  614  n. 
ROMAN  LAW,  d.  under,  22. 

arbitrary  rules  of  reparation,  24. 

damnum  emergens  and  lucrum  cessans,  22. 

recovery  of  litigation  expenses  in,  231. 

no  exemplary  d.  in,  355. 

liquidated  d.  in,  3'92. 

as  to  sale  of  chattel,  782. 

for  breach  of  contract  of  sale,  782. 

as  to  mesne  profits,  906. 

of  stipulatio,  954. 

analogies  of,  to  relation  of  court  and  jury,  1312,  1314. 

formulae  in,  1313. 
ROME,  substitutes  for  money  in,  266. 
ROOF,  ice  falling  from,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 

leaking,  causing  pneumonia,  155. 

machinery  injured  by  non-repair  of,  209?i. 


INDEX  3343 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
ROOF— Continued. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  repair,  6466. 

d.  for  destruction  of,  935a. 

d.  recoverable  by  tenant  for  defect  in,  990, 

d.  for  injury  to,  by  landlord,  9906. 

overhanging,  11666. 
ROUND-HOUSE,  location  of,  1111. 
ROYALTIES,  insurance  of,  724. 
ROYALTY,  d.  for  loss  of,  197. 

interest  upon  amount  of,  323. 

under  patent,  1216. 

as  measure  of  d.  for  infringement  of  patent,  1220. 

See  Patent. 
RUBBER  BUSINESS,  value  of  land  for,  252  n. 
RULE  of  avoidable  consequences,  1104,  1172a. 

of  d.,  in  statutes,  1112a. 

of  eminent  domain  under  new  constitutions,  1118. 
in  Illinois,  1121. 

of  market  value,  1171c. 

of  telegraph  company,  d.  limited  by,  786. 

general,  of  public  liability,  1108. 

common  law,  on  eminent  domain,  changed  by  constitutions,  1122. 

early,  on  eminent  domain,  1115. 

in  Pennsylvania,  1120. 

second,  of  eminent  domain,  1116. 

third,  of  eminent  domain,  1117. 

English,  judicial  objection  to,  1105. 

English,  on  eminent  domain  criticised,  1122. 

English,  on  eminent  domain,  in  Pennsylvania,  1120. 

Thesiger's,  1096. 

application  of,  1121. 

ordinary,  as  to  certainty  of  proof,  1087. 

as  to  certainty  of  proqf,  1094. 

as  to  certainty  of  remoteness,  1094. 

for  construing  stipulations  for  d.    See  Liquidated  Damages. 

of  evidence,  1179. 

special  on  compensation,  in  England,  1100. 

when  no  land  taken,  108$. 
RUNNING  of  trains,  1123. 

SACRIFICE,  what  is  general  average,  717. 

of  property  to  raise  money,  remote,  806. 
SAFE,  warranted  burglar-proof,  164a. 
SAFETY  appliances,  1165. 
SALARY,  continuation  of,  07. 

interest  on,  308a. 

amount  of,  set  off  in  recovery  on  bond  of  officer  of  corporation,  694. 

of  city  clerk,  set  off  on  bond,  693. 

of  office  lost  pending  appeal,  recovery  of,  688a. 


3344  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SAI/E,  conditional.    See  Conditional  Sale. 
recovery  by  party  to,  80a. 
hope  of  making,  170. 
notice  of  contemplation  of,  161. 
d.  for  fraud  in  effecting,  4396. 
d.  from  injunction  against,  685/s. 
loss  of  opportunity  for,  by  injunction,  685A. 
d.  against  agent  for,  819,  821-824. 
by  agent,  d.  for  unauthorized,  821. 

below  price,  822. 

on  wrong  terms,  823. 

for  neglect  to  make,  824. 
d.  for  discharge  of  agent  for,  834c. 
d.  against  telegraph  company  for  loss  of,  883. 

for  error  in  transmitting  conditions  of,  886. 
of  grease,  breach  of  warranty  in,  164a. 
of  newspaper,  liquidated  d.  for  breach  of  term  of,  401. 
of  property,  suspended  by  appeal,  688a. 
of  stock,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  for,  627a. 
of  growing  crops,  737. 
by  sample,  d.  in  case  of,  761. 

of  good  will  of  business,  recoupment  in  action  for  purchase  price,  1062. 
non-compulsory,  market  value  implies,  1179. 
at  auction,  evidence  of,  1179. 
as  evidence  of  value,  1298. 
as  measure  of  d.  in  patent  suits.    <See  Patents. 
under  civil  d.  statutes.    See  Civil  Damage  Statutes. 
SALE  OF  CHATTELS 
I. — In  General 

countermand  after,  758. 

when  d.  are  to  be  estimated  upon,  758. 

right  of  rescission  upon,  758. 

d.  against  sheriff  for  error  in  making,  558. 

contract  for  exclusive  agency  for,  607,  633. 

recovery  on  sheriff's  bond  for  wrongful,  692t. 

Justinian's  laws  as  to,  782. 

civil  law  as  to,  783. 

by  agent,  d.  for  unauthorized,  821. 

recoupment  in  ca.se  of,  1059  ct  seq.    See  Recoupment. 

for  non-delivery  of  part,  1059. 

for  false  representation  or  fraud,  1060. 

for  defect  in  goods,  1060. 

for  breach  of  term  of,  1061. 
warranty  on.    See  Wabbantt  of  Chattels. 
fraud  in.    See  Fraud. 
II. — Breach  by  Vendor 

d.  in  actions  arising  from,  733  et  seq. 
introductory,  733. 
rescission,  733o. 
general  rule,  734. 


INDEX  3345 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SALE  OF  CHATTELS— Continued. 
nominal  d.  for,  734. 
after  partial  delivery,  734,  743. 
reason  generally  given  for  it  doubtful,  735. 
actual  value  and  cost  of  replacement,  735o. 
market  value  and  price  at  resale,  7356. 
delay  in  delivery,  735c. 

eicpenses  caused  by,  226(7. 
failure  to  deliver  stock,  736. 
time  when  market  value  is  to  be  taken,  737. 

where  delivery  was  postponed,  737. 

in  installments,  737. 

on  demand,  737. 
place  where  market  value  is  to  be  taken,  738. 

nearest  market,  739. 
price  receivable  on  a  sub-contract,  740. 
avoidable  consequences,  201,  205,  741. 

requirement  of  re-purchase  upon  non-delivery,  220. 

offer  of  goods  at  higher  price  after  refusal  to  deUver,  222. 

duty  of  replacement  after  breach  of  contract  for,  228a  et  seq. 
interest  on  failure  to  deliver,  313a. 
liquidated  d.  for  failure  to  deliver,  417. 

for  delay  in  delivering,  419. 
consequential  d.  for  failure  to  deliver,  153,  164,  742. 

goods  not  procurable  in  market,  163. 

at  a  special  season,  169a. 
profits,  196,  742a. 
waiver,  743. 

payment  in  advance,  744. 

the  rule  of  higher  intermediate  value  followed  in  some  jurisdictions,  745. 
disapproved  in  other  jurisdictions,  746. 

distinction  between  stock  and  merchandise,  747. 
no  just  distinction,  748. 

same  reason  for  rule  where  property  has  fallen,  749. 
collateral  agreement  broken  by  vendor,  749o. 
III. — Breach  by  Vendee 

rule  where  title  has  passed,  750. 

failure  to  pay,  price  recoverable,  750,  751. 

if  no  price  value  recoverable,  750. 
resale  upon,  750. 
instances,  751. 

manufacturing  contracts,  752. 
property  to  be  severed  from  the  realty,  752a. 
rule  where  title  has  not  passed,  753. 

remedies  for,  753. 

nominal  d.  for,  753. 
rescission,  754. 
resale  after  default,  755. 
promise  to  give  a  bill  or  note,  756. 

note  of  a  third  party,  756. 

21Q 


3346  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SALE  OF  CHATTELS— Co^ftimwed. 

where  credit  was  given,  756. 
consequential  d.  upon,  757. 
avoidable  consequences,  757. 
interest  on  price  unpaid,  308. 
IV. — Bheach  op  Warranty  and  FRArrn 
warranties,  226^,  759. 
cases  allowing  difference  between  price  and  actual  value,  760. 

between  value  as  warranted  and  actual  value,  761. 
discussion  of  principles,  761a. 
difference  in  values  the  general  rule,  762. 
recoupment,  762a. 
warranty  of  quantity  or  value,  763. 
avoidable  consequences,  764. 
consequential  d.,  765. 

upon  warranty  of  fitness  for  a  purpose,  766. 

upon  warranty  of  machines,  767. 
of  seeds,  768. 

by  communication  of  disease,  769. 

upon  a  sub-contract,  770. 

purchase  for  sale  at  a  distance,  771. 

expenses,  772. 

litigation  expenses,  238,  773. 
warranty  of  title,  774. 

of  indorsements,  775. 

that  a  certain  sum  is  due,  776. 
fraud  in  sale  of  chattels,  777. 

Smith  V.  Bolles,  778. 

English  rule,  779. 

general  discussion,  780. 

considerations  of  practical  justice,  781. 
SALE  OP  LAND.   See  Land. 
I. — In  General 

liquidated  d.  on  contract  of,  417. 
on  execution,  d.  for  illegal,  565(i. 
II. — Breach  by  Vendor 

English  rule,  Flureau  v.  Thornhill,  1001. 

cases  following  Flureau  v.  Thornhill,  1002. 

Engel  V.  Fitch,  1003. 

Bain  ».  Fothergill,  present  English  rule,  1004. 

general  considerations,  1005. 
American  jurisdictions  following  the  English  rule,  1006. 
exceptional  cases,  vendor  refuses  to  convey,  being  able  to  do  so,  1007. 

vendor  contracts  with  reference  to  complete  title,  1008. 

the  rule  of  nominal  d.,  1009. 

substantial  d.,  in  case  of  bad  faith,  1010. 

in  case  of'knowledge  that  title  is  in  third  party,  1011. 
substantial  d.  always  recoverable,  general  rule  in  America,  1012. 
rescission,  1012a. 
reduction  of  d.,  1013. 


INDEX  3347 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
SALE  OF  LAND— ConWnited. 

payment  in  advance,  1014. 
Nichols  V.  Freeman,  1015. 

quality  or  quantity  deficient,  1016. 

expenses,  1017. 

measure  of  value,  1018. 

covenant  to  malie  partition,  1019. 

barter  contracts,  1020. 

d.  in  actions  to  enforce  specific  performance,  1021. 

d.  for  delay  in  making  conveyance,  1021o. 

consequential  d.,  1022. 
III. — Breach  by  Vendee 

difference  between  value  and  contract  price  recoverable,  1023. 

contract  price  recoverable  in  some  States,  1024. 

interest  and  expenses,  1025. 

forfeiture  of  deposits,  1026. 
IV. — Fraud  in  Sale  of  I;And 

measure  of  d.  for  fraud,  1027. 

consequential  d.  for  fraud,  1027a. 

deficiency  in  quantity,  1028. 

the  rule  in  Smith  v.  BoUes,  1029. 

recoupment  for,  1062. 
SALESMAN,  delay  of  goods  sent  to,  152. 
SALMON,  warranted  fit  for  food,  164o. 
SALOON,  value  of  land  for,  263  n. 
SALT,  contract  for  payment  in,  2796. 

d.  for  error  in  telegram  for  purchase  of,  884. 
SALVAGE  of  fragments  of  injured  property  not  necessary,  218. 

recoverable  in  admiralty,  589. 

amount  of,  599c. 

what  amount  of,  constitutes  constructive  total  loss,  711. 

expense  of,  when  considered  in  marine  policy,  716. 
SALVOR,  amount  of  recovery  by,  in  admiralty,  599c. 
SAMPLES,  failure  to  deliver  package  of,  164. 

sent  by  common  carrier,  delayed,  195. 

d.  for  delay  in  delivery  of,  865a,  n. 

whether  baggage,  873  n. 
SAND,  exemplary  d.  for  carrying  away,  373. 

d.  on  injunction  bond  for  removal  of,  685&,  n. 

d.  recoverable  from  tenant  for  removing,  999j. 
SATISFACTION,  payment  by  note  must  be  accepted  as  full,  796,  798. 
SAVING,  habits  of,  considered  in  actions  for  death,  574o, 
SAVINGS  BANK  BOOK,  value  of,  258. 

statutory  interest  as  d.  for  detention  of,  538. 
SAW,  fl!.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  614  n. 
SAWMILL,  stoppage  of,  164a. 

failure  to  repair,  226g. 

d.  for  expense  of  removing,  on  injunction  bond,  685?>. 

injunction  against  working,  685c,  n. 


3348  INDEX 

IReferences  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
SAWMILL— Continued. 

d.  for  deficiency  of  power  on  contract  to  convey  land  for,  1016. 

lots  available  for,  1171. 
SAXON  LAW,  10. 

"SCAB  "  workman  as  passenger,  150. 
SCALE,  warranty  of,  164a. 
SCANDALOUS  picture,  value  of,  265. 
SCAR,  wound  which  would  leave,  172. 
SCENERY,  failure  to  transport,  164. 
SCIRE  FACIAS,  interest  on,  334. 
SCHOLARSHIP,  contract  for  permanent,  636i. 
SCHOOL,  whether  forfeiture  of  tuition  in  advance  is  penalty,  414. 

breach  of  contract  to  employ  to  teach  in,  607  n. 

entire  cost  of  tuition  payable  for  breach  of  contract,  612. 
SCHOOL  BOOKS,  value  of,  250. 

SCHOOL  COMMISSIONER,  recovery  on  bond  of,  693. 
SCHOOL  FUNDS,  no  recovery  for  loss  of,  on  bond  of  county  treasurer,  692o. 
SCHOOL  HOUSE,  erection  of  public,  1177. 
SCHOOL  PURPOSES,  value  of  land  for,  1081. 
SCHOOL  TEACHER,  measure  of  d.  for  injury  to,  180  n. 
SCHOOLMASTER,  recovery  of  fee  by,  612. 
SCOTCH  LAW,  analysis  of  elements  of  injurj',  37  n. 

nomiaal  d.  in,  107  n. 

solatium  in,  355. 

no  exemplary  d.  in,  355. 

recovery  for  mesne  profits  in,  906. 
SCRAP  IRON,  breach  of  warranty  of,  770. 
SCRIP,  land,  value  of,  261. 

half-breed,  value  of,  531. 
SEARCH,  for  converted  property,  expense  of,  226c. 
SEARCH  WARRANT,  d.  for  imlawfully  executing,  47,  564. 
SEA,  d.  for  delay  in  transportation  by,  855. 
SEASON,  loss  of  sale  for,  169a. 
SEA-WALL,  exclusion  from,  135. 

d.  for  taking,  217. 

contract  to  build,  631. 
SECOND-HAND  GOODS,  value  of,  251. 
SECONDARY  DAMAGES.    See  Consequential  Damages. 
SECURITY,  recovery  for  impairment  of,  73. 

land  as,  recovery  for,  73. 

value  of,  258. 

interest  on  money  deposited  as,  302a. 

fraud  in  representing  value  of,  439e. 

breach  of  contract  to  give,  622a. 

d.  for  loss  of,  633c. 

bond  given  as,  679a. 

how  affected  by  injunction  against  foreclosure,  685A. 

recovery  for  failure  to  give,  on  arbitration  bond,  687. 

amount  of,  received  by  surety  must  be  deducted  from  contribution,  808a. 

liability  of  agent  for  faihire  to  obtain,  8186. 


INDEX  3349 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SECURITY— Continued. 

collateral,  d.  against  bank  for  loss  of,  819. 
d.  for  failure  by  agent  to  require,  823. 
misrepresentation  of  title  to,  1027. 
interest  in  action  for  loss  of,  317  n. 
SEDIMENT  from  river,  land  enriched  by,  11716. 
SEDUCE,  recovery  for  attempt  to,  48. 
SEDUCTION,  compensation  for  shame  in  action  for,  47. 
cannot  be  proved  in  reduction  of  d.,  66. 
no  interest  in  action  for,  316. 
exemplary  d.  for,  376,  474. 
of  daughter,  d.  recoverable  for,  471-476. 
peculiarity  of  action  for,  471. 
d.  governed  by  rules  of  law,  472. 

compensation  for  loss  of  services  of  daughter,  473. 
for  family  dishonor,  473. 
for  injury  to  family  relations,  48,  473. 
for  wounded  feelings  and  affections,  473. 
aggravation  of  d.  for,  475. 
promise  of  marriage,  475. 
abortion,  475. 
pecuniary  position  of  parties,  475. 
mitigation  of  d.  for,  476. 

indifference  of  plaintiff,  476. 
offer  of  marriage,  476. 
unehastity  of  daughter,  476. 
recovery  by  daughter,  476. 
action  by  party  seduced,  477. 
d.  recoverable  by  statute,  477. 

aggravates  d.  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  639. 
recoupment  for,  1066. 
excessive  d.  for,  1340. 

verdict  for,  may  be  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328. 
SEED,  warranty  of,  191. 

interest  in  action  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  316  n. 
(Z.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  764,  768. 
SEEPAGE,  injuries  from,  1164. 
from  a  canal,  1164. 
after  construction,  1164. 
SEISIN,  covenant  of,  56. 

recovery  of  expenses  of  prior  litigation  on  breach  of  covenant  of, 

238. 
recoupment  in  action  for  breach  of  covenant  of,  1053. 
d.  on  covenant  of,  966.    See  Real  Covenants. 
SEIZURE  of  chattels,  injury  to  business  or  credit  from,  127,  135,  467. 

d.  for,  565. 
SELECTMENT,  d.  against,  562. 
SELLER,  failure  of,  to  deliver  machinery,  165. 
action  for  negligence  in  building,  657. 
SELLING  AGENT,  measure  of  d.  for  injury  tp,  180  n. 


3350  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

"SELLING  SHORT,"  effect  of,  on  market  value,  249. 

d.  for  wrongfully,  828. 
SELLING  VALUE,  diminution  of,  1101. 

of  property,  1164. 
SENDER  of  telegram,  action  by,  877. 
SENTIMENTAL  annoyance,  no  recovery  for,  46a. 

d.  caused  by  contemplation  of  disfigurement,  47  n. 
SENTIMENTAL  DAMAGE,  no  recovery  for,  999s. 

SENTIMENTAL  LOSS,  no  recovery  for,  in  action  for  death  of  parent,  577. 
SENTIMENTAL  VALUE,  251o. 
SEPARATE  contracts,  85a. 
SEPARATION  of  grazing  land  from  water,  1165. 
SEQUESTRATION  proceedings  in  Louisiana,  541. 
SEQUESTRATION  BOND,  recovery  on,  691d. 
SERIES,  of  similar  injuries,  84a. 
SERVANT,  wrongful  discharge  of,  205  n. 

exemplary  d.  for  loss  of  service  of,  376. 
master's  liability  in  exemplary  d.  for  act  of,  378. 

for  negligence  in  hiring,  378,  380. 
exemplary  d.  for  tort  of,  378. 

corporation's  liability,  380. 
ratification  of  act  of,  as  basis  of  exemplary  d.,  380o. 
d.  for  enticement  of,  469. 
consequential  d.  for  enticing,  470. 
d.  for  maliciously  procuring  discharge  of,  470a. 
d.  against,  for  improper  work,  674. 
SERVICE,  action  for  wages  accrued  before  wrongful  discharge  from,  85o. 

recovery  for  probable  futme  loss  of,  86c. 
SERVICE,  CONTRACT  OF,  avoidable  consequences  on,  206. 

duty  to  seek  emplojrment  on  breach  of,  206,  207,  608,  667. 

to  accept  employment  offered  by  defendant,  222. 
expense  of  obtaining  other  employment  after  breach  of  contract  of, 
226d. 
liquidated  d.  for  breach  of,  407,  41^,  668. 

recovery  of  expense  of  removing,  on  breach  oi  contract  of,  607a. 
where  plaintiff  departs  before  completion  of,  658-662. 
where  infant  departs  before  completion  of,  663. 
consequential  d.  for  departure  from,  without  notice,  137. 
d.  on  breach  of,  607,  664  et  seq. 
recovery  of  compensation  upon,  664. 
where  no  price  fixed,  664. 
limited  to  amount  of  bill  presented,  664. 
evidence  of  value  of  .services,  664a. 
where  servant  is  wrongfully  discharged,  665. 
entire  d.  for,  665,  666. 
three  courses  open,  665. 
prospective  d.  for,  666. 
duty  to  seek  employment,  667. 
burden  of  proof,  667. 


INDEX  3351 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SERVICE,  CONTRACT  0¥— Continued. 

reduction  of  d.,  667. 
employment  terminable  on  notice,  668. 
domestic  service,  668. 
compensation  by  share  or  percentage  of  an  uncertain  amount,  669. 

where  payable  on  contingency,  670. 
by  broker,  670. 

services  rendered  in  expectation  of  compensation,  671. 
interruption  of  service  by  unavoidable  cause,  672. 
services  rendered  on  a  contract  rescinded  by  mutual  consent,  673. 

by  an  infant,  673a. 

under  an  agreement  within  the  statute  of  frauds,  6736. 

under  a  void  agreement,  673c. 

voluntarily,  673(f. 

outside  the  scope  of  employment,  673e. 
recovery  by  party  in  default,  673/. 
remedy  of  master  for  improper  service,  674. 
consequential  d.  for  breach  of,  675. 

expense  of  obtaining  employment,  675. 

arrest  of  servant,  675. 

auctioneer's  expenses,  675. 

detention  in  foreign  port,  675. 
the  EngUsh  workmen's  compensation  act,  675a. 
recoupment  on,  1064,  et  seq. 
plaintiff  may  bring  suit  before  term  of,  90. 
SERVICE,  LOSS  OE',  for  residue  of  term  of  apprentice,  91. 
exemplary  d.  in  actions  for,  376. 
consequential  d.  for,  450. 
aggravation  of  d.  for,  479. 
mitigation  of  d.  for,  480. 
excessive  d.  for,  1365. 
by  enticement  of  servant,  449. 
of  adult  child,  recovery  for,  576. 
of  child,  recovery  by  parent  for,  486c. 

by  injury  to  child,  486c. 

during  minority,  in  action  for  death,  575. 

by  seduction  of  daughter,  473. 
■  of  wife,  recovery  by  husband  for  loss  of,  486a. 

by  seduction,  d.  for,  478-480. 

by  criminal  conversation,  478. 

by  alienation  of  affection,  480a. 

in  action  for  death,  578. 
SERVICES,  value  of,  107a,  255. 

estimated  by  the  jury,  171a.  . 
evidence  of  value  of,  1303. 
nominal  d.  in  actions  for,  106. 
recovery  of  value  of,  in  avoiding  loss,  226i. 
interest  on  unliquidated  claim  for,  312. 
breach  of  agreement  to  allow  payment  of  debt  by,  622o 

to  pay  for,  in  stock,  627o. 


3352  nsTDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SERVICEB— Continued. 

quantum  meruit  for,  650. 

compensation  for,  after  expiration  of  term  of  employment,  664. 

rendered  in  expectation  of  payment,  671. 

action  against  attorney  for  failure  to  perform,  831. 

agent  entitled  to  compensation  for,  834a. 

d.  on  breach  of  contract  to  give  land  in  exchange  for,  1020. 
SERVITUDE,  additional,  on  highway,  1120. 

imposition  of,  on  property,  1116. 

additional,  of  telephone  and  telegraph  line,  11496^ 
SET  OFF,  in  action  on  bonds,  681. 

reduction  of  d.  on  replevin  bond  by,  691a. 

origin  of  doctrine  of,  1031. 

object  of  statutes  of,  1031. 

at  law,  1031. 

exists  only  for  claim  ex  contractu,  1031.. 

equitable,  1032. 

difference  between  recoupment  and,  1033. 
SETTLEMENT,  interest  from  demand  for,  314. 

of  debt,  breach  of  contract  to  secure,  622a. 
SETTING  ASIDE  VERDICT  for  exemplary  d.,  grounds  for,  388. 

in  general,  1319. 
SETTING  BACK  of  houses,  1165. 

of  sewage,  1166d. 
SEVERABLE  CONTRACTS,  636^. 
SEVERANCE  of  land,  1080. 

d.  for,  1099. 
SEVERANCE  FROM  FREEHOLD,  d.  for,  500-504. 

conflict  of  authority  as  to  measure  of  d.  for,  600. 

of  coal,  501,  502,  503,  935,  936. 

English  rule,  501. 

of  trees,  502,  503,  504,  933,  934. 

restricted  rule,  502. 

of  growing  crops,  502. 

not  made  in  good  faith,  503. 

general  rule  in  America,  503. 

sale  by  wanton  trespasser,  504. 

whether  distinction  in  d.  for,  between  trespass  and  trover,  934. 

of  buildings,  935a. 

of  minerals,  935. 

of  other  things,  935&. 
SEWAGE,  dischar^g  of,  by  city,  causing  nuisance,  95. 

works,  taking  of  lands  for,  1102. 

flow  of,  through  land,  1123. 

water,  1166d. 

setting  back,  1166rf. 
SEWER,  d.  for  construction  of,  95. 

access  to,  deprivation  of,  1093. 

purposes,,  taking  of  land  for,  1110  n. 

negUgent  construction  of,  1110  ra. 


INDEX  3353 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SEWER— Continued. 

location  of,  1112. 
construction  of,  1119. 
laying  of,  1123  n. 
conversion  of  stream  into,  1149  n. 
gas,  danger  from,  116Sc. 

new,  expense  in  making  connection  with,  1166d. 
SEWING  MACHINES,  employed  to  sell,  entitled  to  what  d.  for,  834c. 
SHADE  TREES,  destruction  of,  1167  n. 

removal  of,  1122. 
SHAFTS,  contract  right  to  sink  in  land  for  minerals,  1097. 
SHAME,  caused  by  wrongful  act  of  physician,  47. 
compensation  for  sense  of,  47. 
recovery  for,  in  action  for  false  imprisonment,  462. 
in  action  for  seduction,  473. 
for  sense  of,  in  action  for  personal  injury,  484. 
in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  6386. 
:  on  eviction  from  leased  premises,  988o. 

SHAPE  OF  LAND,  d.  from  inconvenient,  1164. 
SHARE,  in  profit  of  business,  contracts  for,  193. 
breach  of  contract  for,  625. 
of  crop,  lease,  of  farm  for,  989. 
breach  of  contract  to  cultivate  farm  on,  624. 
SHARES,  value  of  bank,  inid.   See  Stock,  Corporate. 
SHEEP,  action  for  conversion  of,  170a,  n. 
d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  765. 
recoupment  in  action  for  price  of,  1060. 
SHEEP  GROWING,  profits  of,  182a;,  n. 
SHELTER  to  cattle,  d.  for  loss  of,  685/. 

whether  passenger  should  obtain,  on  wrongful  expulsion  from  train,  872. 
SHERIFF  may  reduce  d-  for  wrongful  seizure  by  showing  subsequent  legal  seiz- 
ure, 60. 
becoming  trespasser  ab  initio,  61. 
action  against,  for  illegal  seizure,  60. 

for  informal  sale,  61. 
recovery  by,  76,  79. 
recovery  against  owner,  78. 

in  replevin,  77. 
neglecting  to  return  an  execution,  nominal  d.,  103. 
trespass  against  deputy,  175. 
interest  on  money  retained  by,  303. 
exemplary  d.  against,  363. 
d.,  for  fraud  in  sa.le  by,  440. 
d.  against,  for  failure  to  attach,  550. 
for  failure  to  arrest,  551. 
for  escape  from  arrest,  552  et  seq. 
for  taking  insufficient  bail  or  surety,  655. 
for  failure  to  return,  556. 
for  false  return,  557. 
for  other  breaches  of  duty,  558. 


3354  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SHERIFF— Continued. 

bond  to  indemnify,  684o. 

recovery  by,  on  replevin  bond,  691fc,  n. 

no  recovery  on  bond  of,  for  taxes  in  arrear,  692a. 

recovery  on  bond  of,  692t. 

recovery  for  wrongful  levy  by,  802. 

recoupment  against,  1041. 
SHERIFF'S  SALE,  as  evidence  of  value,  1298. 
SHIP,  contract  to  build,  164. 

recoupment  in  action  for  price  of  building,  1038. 
SHIRTINGS,  d.  for  non-deUvery  of,  734. 
SHOCK,  to  nervous  system,  47. 

nervous,  compensation  for,  against  carrier  of  passengers,  861,  866. 
in  action  for  injury  to  passenger,  861. 
caused  by  risk  of  injury,  866. 
"SHORT."    See  "Selling  Short." 
SHOULDER,  excessive  d.  for  breaking,  1349. 
SHOW,  exhibition  of  wares  at,  164. 

goods  intended  for  exhibition  at,  200. 
SHRINKAGE  in  weight  of  cattle,  compensation  for,  854. 
SIC  VTERE  TUO  UT  ALIENUM  NON  LMDAS,  104. 
SICKNESS,  special  d.  for,  caused  by  stagnant  water,  35  n. 

recovery  for,  by  woman  seduced,  477. 

loss  of  time  by,  1166d. 
SIDE-TRACK,  location  of,  1109. 

on  street,  building  of,  1123. 
SIDE  WAI/K,  cost  of  repair,  226d,  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  build,  615  n.,  620  n. 

d.  for  excavation  in,  802. 

d.  for  removal  of,  944. 

change  of  grade  in,  1122. 

narrowing  of,  1123  n. 

destruction  of,  1123  n. 

cutting  down,  1149  n. 
SIGHT,  excessive  d.  for  destruction  or  impairment  of,  1359. 
SIGN  BOARDS,  expense  of,  1152a. 

SIGNALS,  cost  of  maintaining,  whether  recoverable  in  eminent  domain,  1152a. 
SIGNATURE  of  note,  estoppel  to  deny,  708. 
SIGNIFICATION,  legal,  of  "property,"  1117. 
SINGER,  profits  from,  not  recoverable  on  breach  of  contract  to  lease  opera 

house,  185. 
SISTER,  no  presumption  of  loss  by,  in  action  for  death,  584a. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death  of,  8946. 
SITE  for  ferry  landing,  11716. 

for  basement  bam,  11716. 

bridge,  value  of  land  for,  1171e. 
SIZE  of  cars,  change  in,  1149  n. 

SKATING  RINK,  ejection  from  premises  used  as,  182  n, 
SKILL,  value  of,  255. 

in  saving  property,  considered  in  amount  of  salvage,  599c, 


INDEX  3365 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SKILL — Continued. 

neglect  of  agent  to  use  for  principal,  828. 

recoupment  for  lack  of,  in  construction,  1036,  1067. 
against  surgeon,  1037. 
against  attorney,  1037. 
SKINS,  d.  in  dyeing,  6336,  n. 
SKULL,  excessive  d.  for  fracture  of,  1351. 
SLANDER,  causing  mental  pain,  not  subject  for  special  d.,  43. 

recovery  for,  47. 

when  subject  for  compensation,  52. 

no  evidence  of  words  after  beginning  of  action,  88. 

affecting  trade  or  profession,  171a. 

no  interest  in  action  for,  316. 

exemplary  d.  for,  377. 

may  be  shown  in  aggravataion  of  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  639a. 

special  d.  in  action  for,  1271. 

verdict  for,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 

inadequate  d.  for,  1370. 

See  Defamation. 

of  title,  d.  for,  455. 

expense  of  litigation  caused  by,  241. 
SLANDEROUS  words,  action  for,  though  no  money  lost,  97. 
SLAVE,  recovery  for  wounded  feelings  casued  by  malicious  beating  of,  44a. 

letting  of,  for  specific  time,  68c. 

death  of,  during  replevin  proceedings,  691. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  765,  772. 

d.  for  fraud  in  sale  of,  777. 

recoupment  in  action  for  hire  of,  1063. 
SLEEPING  CARS,  measure  of  d.  in  action  against,  873a. 
SLEIGH,  evidence  of  value  of,  1302. 
SLIDING  of  land,  causing,  1117  w. 
SLIGHT  liOSS,  d.  for,  not  nominal,  96. 
SMALL  d.  confused  with  nominal  d.,  96  n. 
SMALLPOX,  communicated  by  warranted  rags,  766. 

d.  against  lessee  for  using  premises  as  hospital  for,  999^. 
SMART  MONEY.    See  Exemplary  Damages. 
SMELL,  d.  for  unwholesome  or  disagreeable,  caused  by  nuisance,  948. 

offensive,  li66d. 
SMOKE,  compensation  for,  42. 

polluting  air,  95. 

of  trains;  1102. 

whether  new  burden,  1152a. 

from  railroad  operation,  1120,  1123. 

d.  from,  1121,  1123  n.,  1164,  1165,  1165o. 

injury  from,  1164,  1165. 

annoyance  from,  1164. 
SOCIAL  condition  of  parties,  as  affecting  exemplary  d.,  385. 

message,  no  recovery  for  mental  suffering  for  non-delivery  of,  in  Alar 
bama,  894a. 

position,  recovery  for  loss  of,  50. 


3356  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SOCIAL — Continued. 

affecting  d.  for  defamation,  445. 

of  defendant  aggravates  d.  for  libel  or  slander,  445. 

of  plaintiff  may  aggravate  d.  for  libel  or  slander,  445. 

compensation  for  injury  to,  on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage, 

639. 
loss  of,  may  be  shown  in  action  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage, 
639a. 
standing,  exemplary  d.  for  injury  to,  51. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  in  malicious  prosecution,  458. 
d.  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  seduction,  477. 
loss  of,  638. 
SOCIETY,  of  child,  loss  of,  48. 
of  family,  loss  of,  48. 
of  wife,  loss  of,  48. 

compensation  for  loss  of  standing  in,  50. 
no  evidence  of  value  of  loss  of,  171a. 
of  family,  compensation  for  loss  of,  458. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  by  malicious  prosecution,  458. 
of  wife,  recovery  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  criminal  conversation,  478. 
of  husband,  d.  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  alienation  of  affection,  480&. 
of  wife,  recovery  for  loss  of,  486a. 
of  child,  no  compensation  for  loss  of,  486c. 
loss  of,  not  compensated  in  statutory  action  for  death,  573a. 
husband  cannot  recover  for,  in  d.  for  death,  573o. 
no  recovery  for  loss  of,  in  d.  for  death,  573a. 
of  husband,  widow  cannot  recover  for  loss  of,  578. 
SOIL,  d.  or  removal  of,  939. 

loss  of  future  deposits  of,  1120. 
character  of,  llQQc. 
SOLATIUM,  no  recovery  for,  in  action  for  death,  573a. 

in  the  Scotch  law,  355. 
SOIjICITOR,  value  of  services  found  by  jury,  171a,  n. 
SOLICITOR'S  DOCKET,  vahie  of,  261. 
SON,  enticing  of,  91. 
SON-IN-LAW,  d.  for  failure  to  dehver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death  of, 

8945. 
SOOT,  throwing,  on  property,  1116. 
d.  from,  1123  v.,  1165. 
of  trains,  whether  new  burden,  1152a. 
SOUTH  CAROLINA,  statute  of,  making  telegraph  companies  liable  for  mental 
suffering,  45a,  n. 
law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  515. 
rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  covenant  of  warranty,  959. 
constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
SOUTH  DAKOTA,  meaning  of  "or  damaged"  in,  1123. 
constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1145. 
SPARKS,  escape  of,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 
from  locomotive,  1164. 
as  element  of  d.,  1165. 


INDEX  3357 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SPECIAL  purpose  for  which  goods  are  needed,  164. 
use  for  information,  notice  of,  166,  169. 
use  for  money,  168. 
need  of  promptness,  169a. 
SPECIAL  AVERMENT  of  mesne  profits,  905. 

of  waste  or  injury  to  freehold  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  910. 
SPECIAL  BENEFITS,  what  are,  1130,  1165&. 

allowance  of,  1170. 
SPECIAL  BOND,  recovery  against  executor  or  administrator  on,  692;. 

of  guardian  for  sale  of  real  estate,  092fc. 
SPECIAL  DAMAGES,  1105,  1165a,  1261. 

and  general,  distinction  between,  1123  n. 

under  statutes,  1076. 

in  Illinois,  1121. 

must  be  alleged,  1261. 

in  actions  for  injuries  to  real  estate,  1265. 

for  breach  of  contract,  1266. 

for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  639. 

for  delay  in  delivery  of  machine,  735c. 
from  delay  in  delivery  of  goods,  856o. 
against  carriers,  1267. 
for  injury  to  personal  property,  1268. 
for  loss  of  business,  1269. 

market,  1269. 

time,  1269. 

particular  contract,  1269. 

business  venture,  1269. 

hay,  1269. 
for  personal  injury,  1270. 
against  sheriff,  1270. 
for  loss  of  opportunity  of  marriage,  1270. 
for  imitation  of  trade-marks,  1270. 
sickness  caused  by,  1270. 
medical  expenses,  1270. 
pain,  1270. 

mental  suffering,  1270. 
slander,  1270. 

malicious  prosecution,  1270. 
false  imprisonment,  1270. 

bad  condition  of  jail,  1270. 
loss  of  time,  1270. 

wages,  1270. 
particularity  required  in  allegation  of,  1270a. 
for  other  torts,  1271. 

in  action  for  death,  584a. 
waste  or  injury  to  the  freehold,  910. 
necessary  for  recovery  for  public  nuisance,  946. 
SPECIAL  FACTS,  known  to  defendant,  146. 
SPECIAL  FINDINGS,  1149  n. 
SPECIAL  INJURY,  1117. 


3358-  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SPECIAL  OWNER.    See  Owner,  Special. 

SPECIAL  PURPOSES,  value  for,  11716. 

SPECIAL  RULES  on  compensation,  in  England,  1100. 

SPECIAL  TRAIN,  no  recovery  for  mental  suffering  on  failure  to  provide,  45o. 

expense  of,  whether  recoverable,  226A:. 
SPECIAL  VALUE  of  land  for  railroad  purposes,  1171. 

of  property  to  owner,  1171e. 

See  Value. 
SPECIAL  USE,  value  of  land  for,  1018. 
SPECIFIC  MONEY  ACT,  270. 
SPECIFIC  PERFORMANCE,  when  suit  at  law  becomes  suit  for,  4. 

not  barred  by  liquidation  of  d.,  426. 

of  contract  to  issue  policy  of  insurance,  727. 
to  convey  land,  d.  in  suit  for,  1021. 

suits  for  recovery  of.    See  Detinue;  Replevin. 
SPECIFIC  RELIEF,  equity  gives,  3. 
SPECIFICATIONS,  departure  from,  658. 
SPECULATION,  loss  of  opportunity  to  engage  in,  200. 

effect  of,  on  market  value,  249,  265. 
SPECULATIVE,  future  d.  for  death  are  necessarily,  574. 

consequences,  172. 

d.,  1123o,  1163. 

not  recoverable  on  injunction  bond,  6855. 

loss,  not  recoverable  for  breach  of  contract,  610. 
from  error  in  transmitting  telegram,  888. 
caused  by  illegal  distraint,  not  recoverable,  990a. 
not  recoverable  in  action  for  fraud  in  sale  of  land,  1027a. 
d.  for,  888.   See  Certainty  of  Proof. 

value  of  land  not  allowed,  1018. 
SPEED  of  trains,  whether  new  burden,  1152a. 
SPENDING,  habits  of,  considered  in  actions  for  death,  574o. 
SPINE,  excessive  d.  for  fracture  of,  1350. 
SPLITTING  demand  for  d.,  1109. 
SPOUTS,  projecting,  11666. 
SPRING,  pumping  water  from,  91  n. 

defect  in,  164a. 

failure  of  title  to  take  water  from,  975. 

cutting  off  percolating  water  from,  1120  n. 

loss  of  use  of,  1164. 

taking  land  containing,  1165. 
SPRINGS,  defect  in,  164a. 
SQUIB,  action  for  throwing  lighted,  115. 
STAGNANT  WATER,  pools  of,  1165. 
STAKE  HOLDER,  where  chargeable  with  interest,  305. 
STALLION,  sold  for  breeding  purposes,   164a. 

injured,  probable  profits  could  be  shown,  195. 

agreement  to  furnish,  but  a  substitute  was  furnished,  200. 
STAND  for  public  house,  11716. 
STANDARD  OF  VALUE.   See  Payment,  Medium  of. 

adoption  of  new,  268. 


INDEX  3359 , 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

STANDARD  OF  YALVE—Cmtinued. 

double,  269. 
STANDING  in  the  community,  recovery  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  breach  of 
promise  of  marriage,  6386. 

social.    See  Social  Standing. 
STATE,  interest  on  claim  against,  338. 

■  official  bond  runs  to,  692. 
STATE  TREASURER,  recovery  on  bond  of,  692/. 
STATED  DAMAGES,  same  as  liquidated  d.,  391. 
STATEROOM,  failure  to  provide,  causing  sickness,  45o. 
STATION,  failure  to  stop  at,  45. 

recovery  for  fear  caused  by  accident  before  reaching,  47; 

false  representation  on  sale  of  land  for,  186  n. 

breach  of  contract  to  erect,  186  n. 

railway,  breach  of  contract  to  construct,  194,  630. 

d.  for  carrying  beyond,  212,  864a. 

breach  of  contract  to  locate,  620  n. 
to  erect,  630. 

failure  to  deliver  telegram  to  meet  traveller  at,  8816. 

establishment  of,  is  special  benefit,  1130. 
STATUES,  value  of,  822  n. 
STATUTE,  no  recovery  of  counsel  fees  in  actions  based  on,  235a. 

interest  given  by,  in  England,  289. 

frequently  regulates  recovery  of  interest  in  America,  293,  294. 

rate  of  interest  established  by,  324a. 

exemplary  d.  in  actions  based  on,  377a. 

regulating  Uquidated  d.,  426a. 

provision  by,  for  survival  of  action  for  personal  injuries,  5706. 

provision  by,  for  survival  of  d.  for  death,  571. 

d.  for  death  may  depend  on  peculiarity  of,  674a. 

bond  given  under,  must  conform  strictly  to  requirements,  680. 

furnishes  measure  of  d.  for  breach  of  bond  given  under  it,  680. 

determines  amount  of  recovery  on  official  bond,  692. 

providing  for  recovery  against  sheriff,  592i. 

authorizing  re-exchange  on  notes  and  checks,  700o. 

forbidding  limitation  of  liability  on  poUcy  of  insurance,  726. 

recovery  of  balance  for  improvements  in  action  for  mesne  profits  per- 
mitted by,  915. 

in  Wisconsin,  as  to  cutting  trees,  934a. 

regulating  set  off,  1031. 

wrongful  act  outside  of,  1100. 

failure  to  comply  with,  1110  ra. 

rule  of  d.  in,  1112(i. 

in  Minnesota  on  appraisal  of  lands,  1112a,  n. 

limit  of  time  for  claiming  d.  under,  1151  n. 
STATUTE  OF  FRAUDS,  recovery  for  services  rendered  on  agreement  void  by, 
6736. 

d.  on  failure  to  convey  land  because  of,  1012a. 
STATUTE  OF  LIMITATIONS,  866. 

recoverj'  for  counsel  fees  paid  after  barred  by,  236  n. 


3360  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

STATUTE  OF  LIMITATIONS— Conimiierf. 

interest  on  debt  after  new  promise,  302. 

recovery  of  debt  barred  by,  pending  injunction,  685g. 

effect  of,  on  right  to  contribution,  807. 

against  recovery  of  mesne  profits,  914. 

effect  of,  on  recovery  for  incumbrances,  978. 

no  recovery  of  expense  of  extinguishing  incumbrance  barred  by,  980. 
STATUTES,  fixing  recovery  on  policy  of  insurance  against  fire,  722a. 

d.  under,  1076. 

double  and  treble  d.  under,  1076. 

authorizing  public  works,  1077. 

English,  on  eminent  domain,  1078. 

benefits  under  English,  1103. 

on  change  of  street  grade,  1112o. 

on  elevated  railroad,  1112a,  n. 

on  eminent  domain,  in  Massachusetts,  1119. 

as  to  benefit,  1131. 

local,  1167. 
STATUTORY  BONDS.    See  Bokds,  680  et  seq. 

injunction  bond  is,  685. 
STATUTORY  DAMAGES.   See  Civil  Damage  Statutes. 

application  of  principle  of  avoidable  consequences  to,  217. 
STAY  BOND,  d.  against  surety  on,  806. 
STAY  OFPROCEEDINGS  on  bringing  property  into  court,  54. 

in  actions  on  bonds,  6756. 
STEALING  of  fruit,  danger  of,  1165c. 
STEAM,  cost  of  substituting  for  water  power,  1164. 
STEAM  ENGINE,  agreement  to  deliver  at  certain  time,  145. 

d.  for  not  furnishing,  276. 
STEAM  POWER,  recoupment  for  failure  to  furnish,  1057. 
STEAM  RAILROAD  in  street,  1123. 
STEAMBOAT,  price  of,  190. 

d,  for  delay  in  completing,  657. 

recovery  for  failure  to  provide  agreed  stateroom,  causing  sickness,  45a. 
STEEL,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766. 

STEEL  PIjANT,  contract  to  erect  and  operate  on  land  conveyed,  186  n. 
STENOGRAPHER,  recovery  by,  171  n. 

for  salary  during  illness,  672. 
STEPS  projecting,  1166b. 

to  reduce  loss,  1172a. 
STEREOTYPE  plates,  value  of,  250. 
STIPULATED  DAMAGES.    See  Liquidated  Damages. 

use  of  term  not  conclusive,  406,  408. 
STIPULATIO  DUPLEX,  393. 
STIPULATION  for  limitation  of  Uability,  whether  vaUd,  851. 

of  amount  of  d.    See  Liquidated  Damages. 
STIPULATIONS  in  admiralty,  598. 
STOCK,  killed  by  failure  to  fence,  single  recovery  for,  84a. 

action  for  killing,  856,  n. 

nominal  d.,  107o,  n. 


INDEX  3361 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damaga;  7i.  nXcias  note.] 

STOCK— Cmtinued. 

deterioration  in,  165. 

frightening  of,  1165. 

liability  for  killing,  116.5c. 

of  goods,  value  of,  248a. 
STOCK  BOOK,  action  for  refusal  to  allow  inspection  of,  103  n. 
STOCK  BROKERS'  ACCOUNTS^  interest  on,  by  custom,  311. 
STOCK,  CORPORATE,  payment  for  service  in  preferred,  192. 

agreement  to  pool,  200. 

replacement  after  breach  of  contract  to  carry  or  purchase,  228o. 

contract  for  carrj'ing  on  a  margin,  228d,  228e. 

decline  in  value  of  after  conversion,  228/. 

value  of  share  of,  257,  735a. 

contract  payable  in,  276. 

interest  upon  failure  to  return  borrowed,  313o. 

interest  for  failure  to  return  on  demand,  313a. 

fraud  in  dealing  with,  439/i. 

d.  for  fraudulent  issue  or  transfer  of,  439ft. 

conversion  of  certificate  of,  494. 

whether  liigher  intermediate  value  recoverable  in  action  for  refusal  to 
transfer  or  deliver,  507,  508/514,  517,  519. 

conversion  of,  509. 

specific  performance  of  contract  for  delivery  of,  509  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  carry,  523. 

detinue  for  certificate  of,  527. 

recovery  of  dividends  on  replevin  of,  539. 

contract  for  payment  in,  611. 

breach  of  contract  to  supply  worthless,  619. 

contract  to  subscribe  for,  627. 

call  on,  627. 

breach  of  contract  to  buy,  sell,  or  transfer,  627a. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver,  736,  744-749. 

d.  for  refusal  to  repurchase,  754. 

d.  against  agent  to  deal  in,  827. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  value  of,  763. 

d.  for  fraud  in  sale  of,  778,  779. 

avoidable  consequences  of  wrongful  sale  of,  815. 

agent  to  deal  in,  828. 

loss  in  dealings  in,  by  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  882. 

loss  of  sale  of,  through  failure  to  transmit  telegram,  883. 

d.  for  breach  of  waiTanty  where  land  given  for,  965. 

recoupment  in  action  of  trover  for,  1044. 

market  value  of,  1171d. 
STOCKHOLDER,  action  by,  170. 

interest  on  liability  of,  301a. 

interest  on  assessment  upon,  301a. 

actions  against,  627. 

injunction  against  removing  property  of  corporation  from  state  by,  6S5o. 

not  liable  for  negligence  of  directors,  830. 
STOCK  IN  TRADE,  conversion  of,  182n. 

211 


3362  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

STONE,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  supply,  617. 

value  of,  1166c. 

throwing,  on  adjacent  land,  1111. 
STOP,  failure  of  train  to,  45. 

STOP-OVER  TICKET,  d.  for  failure  of  conductor  to  furnish,  865. 
STORAGE  BASIN,  land  taken  for,  1171e. 
STORE,  contract  to  erect  and  maintain,  186  n. 
STORING  GOODS,  pending  injunction,  recovery  of  cost  of,  685A. 
STORM,  on  certain  day,  causing  loss,  151. 

loss  by,  whether  recoverable,  151. 
STOVE,  recoupment  in  action  for  price  of,  1039. 
"STRADDLE,"  d.  for  wrongfully  closing,  828. 
STRAW,  d.  for  refusal  to  receive,  763. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  not  to  sell,  from  leased  farm,  999J;. 
STREAM,  navigable,  obstruction  of,  35. 

obstruction  of,  88. 

wrongfully  obstructed,  93. 

diversion  of,  without  actual  d.,  100. 

value  of,  1085. 

of  water,  diversion  of,  1107. 

obstruction  of,  by  railway,  1112. 

conversion  of,  into  sower,  1149  n. 

right  to  flow  of,  1149a. 
STREET,  liquidated  d.  on  breach  of  contract  to  lay  out,  416. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  grade,  618  n. 

breach  of  contract  to  put  in  good  condition,  020  n. 

contract  of  railroad  to  keep  in  repair,  999/!. 

d.  for  changing  grade  of,  217,  1120,  1122  n. 

closing  of,  1090. 

widening  of,  1102. 

depreciation  in  value  of  abutting  land  by  running  trams  on,  1102. 

obstructed  by  shedding  of  water,  1107a,  n. 

repairs  to,  1108  n. 

use  of,  1108  n. 

granting  location  on  to  railroad,  1108  n. 

building  approach  to  viaduct  across,  1109  n. 

taking  of  land  for,  1110  n.,  1149&. 

filling,  to  old  grade,  1112o,  n. 

embankment  in,  1112a,  n. 

acceptance  or  adoption  of,  1112a.,  n. 

grading  of,  1113,  1115,  1117  n.,  1122. 

grading,  consequential  d.  due  to,  1120. 

tunnel  under,  1116. 

abutting,  elevated  railway  on,  1117. 

operation  of  railroad  in,  1117,  1123. 

opening,  consequential  d.  due  to,  1120. 

construction  of  elevated  railroad  on,  1121  n. 

opening,  across  railroad  track,  1121  n. 

obstnjction  of,  1123. 

building  of  railroad  in,  1123. 


INDEX  3363 

[References  are  to  seetions,  d.  means  damage;  n.  mean?  note.] 

STREET— Continued. 

d.  from  closing  of,  1 123. 

closing  of  public  or  established,  112.3. 

building  of  sidetrack  on,  1123. 

destruction  of  access  by  excavs^tions  in,  1123. 

steam  railroad  in,  112:3. 

cutting  down  abutting,  1123. 

excavations  in  distant,  1123. 

interference  with  easement  in,  1123. 

deprivation  of  easement  in,  1123  n. 

altering  natural  grade  of,  1123  n. 

building  of  quarry  r^lroad  in,  1123  «. 

assessment  of  benefits  for  change  of  grade  of,  1128. 

railroad  in,  1149  «. 

recognition  of  land  as,  by  deed,  11496. 

opening  of,  through  undevfJopfd  la^d,  1150. 

taking  of  fee  in  existing,  1150. 

widening  of,  1151. 

laying  out  pf,  1151  n. 

discontinuance  of,  1151  n. 

estabUshment  of,  across  railrostd,  1152?. 

across  railroad  yard,  llS^a. 

projections  in,  1166b. 

measure  of  d.  for  illegal  use  of,  1180-1211. 

municipal  corporatioit,  IIS^. 

not  responsible  for  grading,  1182- 

use  of,  by  horse  railroads,  1183: 

by  steam  railroads,  1184. 

use  of,  constituting  a  nuisanee,  1184. 

excessive  or  exclusive  use  of,  1184. 

ownership  in,  1185,  1194. 
STREET  GRADE,  change  of,  1110  n.,  1120,  H2l  «.,  1123  «.,  1H96,  1151  n., 
11656,  1168  n. 

lowering  of,  by  railroad,  11 12  n. 

raising  of,  1123  n. 

statutes  on  change  of,  1112a. 

change  of,  in  KangaSj  1112a,  «. 
STREET  IMPROVEMENTS,  1123  n. 
STREET  RAILROAD,  breach  of  contract  to  ooiwtruct,  186  n. 

not  new  burden  on  highway,  1152a. 

d.  for  construction  of,  1123  »• 
STREET  OPENINGS,  recovery  of  benefits  for,  1128. 
STREETS,  easements  in.    See  Easewnt?. 
STRIKE,  intemiption  of  service  by,  672  h. 
STRIP  through  factory,  taking  of,  1149  n. 
STRUCTURAL  DAMAGE,  1Q92. 
d.  to  buildings,  1096. 
STRUCTURE,  private,  or  other  work  on  land,  93. 

erection  of  causing  injury,  95. 

failure  to  put  on  land,  186. 


3364  INDEX 

{References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

STRUCTURE— Conimwed. 

of  improvement,  change  in,  1109. 

railroad,  d.  from,  1149  n. 

in  elevated  railway  cases,  1187. 
SUB-AGENT,  liability  of,  to  agent,  833. 
SUB-CONTRACT,  d.  for  loss  of,  156,  157,  161,  162,  163. 

notice  of,  161. 

but  not  of  price,  163. 

avoidable  consequences,  220. 

expenses  of  litigation  on,  whether  recoverable,  240. 

value  as  affected  by,  433. 

evidence  of,  as  affecting  the  value  of  chattels,  506. 

d.  for  loss  of,  614. 

effect  of,  on  d.  for  breach  of  contract  for  construction,  642. 

d.  for  breach  of,  648o. 

price  receivable  on,  whether  recoverable  on  non-delivery,  740. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  within  contemplation  of  parties,  767. 

d.  for  loss  of,  in  action  for  breach  of  warranty,  770. 

loss  of,  whether  remote  on  non-delivery  by  carrier,  850. 

d.  against  carrier  for  loss  of,  850. 
SUB-CONTRACTOR,  d.  for,  or  against,  648a. 
SUB-LESSEE,   liability  of,  to  lessee,  for  costs  on  contract  to  repair,   992, 

1000. 
SUB-TENANT,  contract  to  indemnify  against  claim  of,  794. 

d.  for  loss  of,  by  breach  of  covenant  to  repair,  992. 
SUBMISSION  to  award,  d.  for  revocation  of,  687. 
SUBSCRIPTION,  of  large  amount  of  money  will  not  reduce  d.,  67. 

for  stock,  action  upon,  627. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  allow  opportunity  for,  627a. 
SUBDIVISIONS,  availability  of,  for  city  lots,  1165b. 
SUBSEQUENT  action,  1149  n. 
'^  ■'  loss,  no  recovery  for,  84i 

purchaser,  action  by,  1175. 

taker,  leased  to,  1105. 

user,  d.  from,  1095. 
SUBSIDING  of  surface,  danger  of,  1166c. 
SUBSTANTIAL  d.,  distmguished  from  nominal,  96. 

performance  of  obligation,  657. 
SUBSTITUTE,  expense  of  procuring,  2269. 

better  than  original,  226A. 
SUBSTITUTED  PERFORMANCE,  recovery  of  cast  of,  618. 
SUBSTITUTION,  of  raih-oad  f or  plank-road,  1109. 

of  trestle  for  embankment,  1152. 

of  steam  for  water  power,  cost  of,  1164. 
SUBWAY,  construction  of,  1151  n. 
SUCCESS,  necessary  for  recovery  of  salvage,  599c. 
SUCCESSIVE  actions  on  covenant  against  incumbrances,  968. 

breaches,  89. 

bonds,  Uabilities  on,  692d. 

injuries,  compensation  for  liability  to,  942. 


INDEX  3365 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
SUCCESSIVE— Coraa-nwei. 

performances  of  contract,  636^. 

verdicts,  not  lightly  set  aside,  1327. 
SUFFERANCE,  tenant  by,  cannot  recover  compensation  in  eminent  domain 

proceedings,  1157. 
SUFFERING.    See  Mental  Suppeeing,  Pain. 
SUGAR,  d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  855. 
SUGAR  CANE,  on  overflowed  land,  191. 
SUIT,  expense  of  carrying  on,  229. 

operates  as  demand  for  payment,  314. 

d.  for  malicious  prosecution  of,  468. 

against  oflBcer  on  bond  consolidated,  692. 

contract  to  indemnify  against,  795. 

no  recovery  for  expense  of,  when  unnecessary,  804. 

d.  for  neglect  to  defend,  831. 

d.  for  bringing  unauthorized,  839. 

See  Action. 

d.  after  bringing.    See  Pbospective  Damages. 
SUM,  arbitrary,  fixed  as  d.,  1076. 
SUMMER  boarding  house,  availability  of  land  for,  11716. 

residence,  property  used  as,  1171c. 
SUNDAY,  profits  derived  from  business  done  on,  1825. 
SUPERSEDEAS  BOND,  d.  on,  688. 
SUPERVISORS  of  town,  d.  in  action  against,  562. 
SUPPORT,  prospective  d.  for  breach  of  agreement  to,  89,  90. 

of  plaintiff  for  life,  90. 

right  of,  93o. 

of  husband,  d.  for,  in  action  for  alienation  of  affection,  480b. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  through  death,  575-578. 

recovery  by  minor  for  loss  of,  577. 

breach  of  contract  for,  during  life,  633a. 

continuing  contract  to,  636i. 

bond  to,  &75d,  n. 

lateral,  removal  of,  1110  n.,  1123  n.,  1149a. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  under  Civil  Damage  Act,  1249. 

from  coal  strata  for  pipe  line,  1166c. 

of  child,  recovery  for,  486e. 
SUPPORT  OF  LAND,  easement  of,  d.  after  writ  for  infringement  of,  91. 

d.  for  loss  of,  925. 

injury  to,  1116. 

by  coal-bearing  land,  1166c. 
SUPPOSED  benefits,  not  allowed  in  New  York,  1130a. 

SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  rule  in,  for  allowance  of 
interest,  322. 
for  rate  of  interest  on  overdue  paper,  327. 
on  exemplary  d.  against  corporations,  380. 
on  higher  intermediate  value  in,  513. 
for  fraud  in  sale  of  goods,  778. 
for  recoupment,  1039. 

what  constitutes  eviction  in,  956. 


3366  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  4.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SURETY.    See  Principal  and  Surety. 
when  entitled  to  interest,  304. 
recovers  interest  on  money  paid  for  pripcipal,  3ft4. 
action  against  sherifi  for  taking  insuffieiwt,  355. 
breach  of  contract  to  become,  618  n.,  622c. 
expense  of  securing  on  boiid,  where  recoverable,  &91c. 
liability  of,  on  official  bopd,  681a. 

on  bond  of  receiver  of  public  moneys,  692. 

on  bond  of  financial  officer,  692/. 

on  bond  of  officer  of  corporation,  694. 
has  no  action  until  he  pays  debt,  78S. 
cannot  call  on  principal  till  he  has  paid  debt,  785. 
payment  by  note,  796,  797, 

action  against  co-surety  for  contribution,  797,  807. 
recovery  by,  upon  payment  by  note,  797,  798. 

on  payment  by  bond,  798. 
by  land  or  goods,  800. 
must  be  accepted  as  paymrait  in  full,  798. 
paying  debt  for  less  than  face  only  recovers  expenditure,  801. 
paying  usurious  interest,  801, 

of  Ktigation  expeiwes,  803. 
not  Uable  for  costs  of  action  against  principal,  803,  805. 
must  not  incur  expense  for  unnecessary  suit,  804. 
whether  must  give  notice  of  suit,  805, 
right  of,  to  contribution,  807,  807a. 
effect  of  insolvency  of,  8076. 
costs  against  co-surety,  808. 
on  sequestration  bond,  106. 
interest  on  money  payable  by,  302a. 
bound  by  judgment  against  principal,  681o. 
on  bonds,  action  against,  681a. 
not  liable  in  exemplary  d.,  681a. 
on  official  bond  defined  by  law,  692o. 
on  executor's  bond,  liability  of,  6926. 
on  official  .bond,  liability  of,  6926. 
on  cumulative  bonds,  hability  of,  for  ccQitribution,  602c. 
on  bond,  whether  released  by  approval  of  officer's  accounts,  692/. 
on  bond  of  cashier,  liability  of,  694. 
right  of,  to  take  advantage  of  partial  payments,  6956. 
liability  of,  on  special  bond  of  executor  or  administrq,tor,  692^. 
on  bail  bond,  recovery  of  expenses  by,  806. 
SURETYSHIP,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  of,  784. 

contract  of,  784  et  seg.    See  Principal  and  Surety. 
SURFACE,  support  of,  by  coal-bearing  land,  1166c. 

subsiding,  danger  of,  1166c. 
SURFACE  WATER,  damming  pf,  1109. 
escape  of,  prevented,  1116  n. 
throwing  on  property,  1117.n. 
d.  from,  1123. 
turning  on  land,  1123  n. 


INDEX  3367 

[Refereaoes  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

SURFACE  WATmi— Continued. 

obstruction  of,  1165. 

preventing  flow  of,  1166d. 

turning  on  land,  1166d. 
SURGEON,  action  against,  for  negligence  in  healing  plaintiff's  broken  leg,  86c. 
for  malpractice,  103. 

recoupment  for  unskilful  treatment  by,  1037. 
SURGEON'S  INSTRUMENTS,  whether  baggage,  873  n. 
SURGICAL  OPERATION,  one  injured  not  obliged  to  submit  to  dangerous,  218. 

d.  for  danger  of  suffering  from,  in  the  future,  226o. 

excessive  d.  because  of,  13.52. 
SURRENDER  POSSESSION,  d.  on  breach  of  covenant  in  lease  to,  999j 
SURVEY  of  wreck,  expense  of,  in  admiralty,  589. 
SURVIVAL,  of  exemplary  d.,  362. 
SWITCH,  contract  to  repair,  636;j. 

location  of,  1109. 
SWITCHING  YARD,  d.  to,  1121  n. 
SWITCHMAN,  injured  on  raiboad,  172. 

cost  of  maintaining,  whether  recoverable  in  eminent  domain,  1152a. 
SYMPATHETIC  mental  suffering,  no  recovery  for,  439. 
SYMPATHY,  undue,  verdict  set  aside  for,  1326. 

TABLES  OF  MORTALITY,  in  elevated  railway  cases,  1201. 
"TAKEN,"  meaning  of,  1116. 
TAKER,  lease  to  subsequent,  1105. 

benefit  of  cutting  to,  1150. 
TAIL,tenants  for,  74. 

TAKING  OF  PROPERTY  by  eminent  domain,  108Q,  1106,  1113,  1120,  1149, 
1170. 

of  lands,  measure  of  d.,  1080. 

of  churchyards,  1081. 

of  fee,  1084,  1114. 

of  leaseholds,  1084. 

of  pubEc-house,  1084,  1085,  1105. 

of  land  for  reservoir  purposes,  1085. 

or  garden,  1086. 

of  land  in  part,  1099. 

of  lands  for  sewage  works,  1102. 

of  life  interest  in  mineral  land,  1105. 

of  land  leased  back  to  lessor,  1105. 

of  property,  compensation  for,  1106. 

of  private  property,  1107. 

of  buildings,  1107. 

of  easement,  1107. 

of  franchise,  1107. 

of  timber,  1107. 

of  materials  for  construction  of  canal,  1107. 

kind  of  property  subject  to,  1107. 

of  land  for  sewer  purposes,  1110  n. 

of  land  for  street,  1110  m. 


3368  IIJDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

TAKING  OF  PROPERTY— Conimaed. 

of  land,  under  New  York  constitution,  1113. 

of  property,  what  is,  1114. 

of  beneficial  enjoyment,  1114. 

of  right  of  way  for  railroad,  1114,  1166c,  11715. 

further,  1116. 

in  California,  1116. 

in  Maryland,  1116. 

in  New  York,  1116. 

of  fee  in  highway,  1119  n.,  Il50. 

of  railroad  location,  1119  n. 

of  waters  of  great  ponds,  1119. 

of  property,  under  Illinois  constitution  of  1870,  1121. 

of  railroad  right  of  way,  by  telegraph  company,  1149  n. 

of  strip  through  factory,  1149  n. 

of  value,  1149  n.,  1166c. 

of  telegraph  right  of  way  over  railroad  right  of  way,  1149  n. 

of  land,  for  railroad,  1149  n.,  1151  n. 

injiuy  short  of,  1149. 

of  land  in  highway,  11496. 

of  land  for  street,  11496. 

of  iiUed  land,  1151. 

time  of,  1151. 

of  land  for  reservoir  purposes,  1151  n. 

possession  without  assessment  of  d.,  1151  n. 

of  right  of  way  across  railroads,  1152a 

of  land  for  dam,  1162. 

for  reservoir,  1162. 
of  bridge  property,  1163. 
of  land  containing  spring  of  water,  1165. 
of  oil-bearing  land,  1166c. 
of  land  for  levee  purposes,  1166d. 
of  timber  land,  1167  n. 
of  fruit  trees,  1167  n. 
of  house,  1169. 
of  land  for  bridge,  1171o. 
of  farm  under  Flowage  Act,  11715. 
of  land  by  town  for  water  purposes,  11716. 

to  widen  river,  11716. 
of  country  church,  11716. 
of  turnpike  road  for  highway,  1171d. 
of  land  for  portage  railway,  1171e. 

for  storage  basin,  1171e. 
of  bridges,  1173. 
of  ferries,  1173. 
of  turnpikes,  1173. 

of  water  works  by  city  under  contract,  1173. 
of  land  by  railroad,  1175. 
of  grade,  1178. 
TAIjENT  of  person  injured  may  be  shown,  485o. 


INDEX  3369 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
TANNING,  value  of  liquor  used  for,  252. 
TAX,  power  to,  in  form  of  assessment  of  benefits,  1128. 
TAX  LIST,  d.  for  refusal  to  place  judgments  on,  562. 
TAX  WARRANT,  recovery  on  bond  for  failure  to  turn  over,  692/. 
TAXATION,  valuation  for,  242. 
TAXES,  interest  on,  332. 

illegally  assessed,  interest  on,  303. 

d.  in  action  against  collector  of,  562. 

paid  during  attachment,  not  recoverable  on  bond,  682. 

embezzlement  of,  by  sheriff,  682a. 

whether  amount  of,  included  in  recovery  on  policy  of  fire  insurance,  720, 
722. 

amount  of,  included  in  whisky  in  bond,  722. 

contract  to  pay,  789. 

agreement  of  lessee  to  pay,  789. 

d.  against  .agent  for  failure  to  pay,  829. 

deduction  from  mesne  profits  on  account  of  payment  of,  909,  918. 

allowance  for  payment  of,  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  918. 

d.  for  breach  of  agreement  by  lessee  to  pay,  999fc. 

not  subject  to  set  off,  1031. 
TAXING  POWER  involved  in  street  openings,  1128. 
TEA  MERCHANT,  no  evidence  of  profits  allowed,  181. 
TEACH,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  618  n. 
TEACHER,  contract  to  employ,  at  fixed  salary,  1075,  n. 

injury  to,  180,  860. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  employ,  607  n. 

recovery  by,  of  salary  though  school  closed,  672. 

evidence  of  value  of  time  of,  860. 
TEAMS,  frightening  of,  1165c. 
TELEGRAM,  non-delivery  of,  announcing  death,  47. 

failure  to  deliver,  107a,  170  n. 

negligence  in  transmitting,  1076. 

consequential  d.  on  delay  or  failure  to  deliver,  151. 

after  notice,  169. 

ordering  purchase,  200. 

error  in  transmission  or  failure  to  transmit,  208a. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver,  212a. 

avoidable  consequences,  204,  212a. 

personal  exposure  caused  by  failure  to  deliver,  226j. 
TELEGRAPH  COMPANY,  liability  for  mental  pain  of  which  forewarned, 
45o. 

operating  messenger  service,  154. 

liable  for  loss  of  goods,  8736. 

failure  to  deliver  telegram  to  person  accused  of  crime,  169. 

notice  of  contemplated  consequences,  169,  879. 

failure  to  deliver,  171a. 

avoidable  consequences,  204,  212a,  895. 

d.  for  negligence  of,.  214. 

exemplary  d.  against,  371a. 


3370  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

TELEGRAPH  COMPANY— Continued. 
nature  of  contract  of,  874. 

of  liability  of,  875. 
not  a  carrier,  875. 

right  of,  to  make  reasonable  regulations,  876. 
limitation  of  liability  of,  876. 
repetition  of  message,  876. 
action  against,  by  sender,  877. 

by  receiver,  878. 
compensation  for  natural  consequences  only,  879. 
notice,  when  held  to  be  conveyed  to,  879,  880. 
consequential  d.  when  recoverable  against,  881. 

expenditures  caused  by  failure  to  deliver  or  misdelivery,  881a. 

consequential  physical  injury,  8816. 
d.  against,  for  loss  of  intended  purchase,  882. 

for  loss  of  intended  sale,  883. 

for  error  in  transmitting  amount  of  goods,  884. 
price,  885. 
conditions  of  purchase  or  sale,  886. 

for  loss  of  a  debt,  887. 

for  speculative  loss,  888. 
uncertain  d.  not  recoverable  against,  889. 
cipher  messages,  890,  891. 
commercial  messages,  891. 
direct  loss  through  default  of,  891,  892. 
price  of  message  recoverable,  893. 
liability  of,  to  d.  for  mental  suffering,  894. 
suggested  difference  between  tort  and  contract,  894o. 
relationship  of  plaintiff,  8946. 
notice  of  relationship  or  of  other  circumstances,  894c. 
what  mental  suffering  is  compensated,  894(i. 
avoidable  consequences,  895. 
exemplary  d.  against,  896. 
proximate  cause,  897. 
right  of  way  of,  1149  n. 
additional  servitude  of,  11495. 

taking  of  right  of  way  for,  over  railroad  right  of  way,  1149  n. 
condemnation  of  right  of  way  for,  along  railroad,  1152a. 
excessive  d.  in  actions  against,  1341. 
the  conflict  of  law  as  to  d.  in  actions  against,  1374. 
TELEPHONE,  hired  for  a  year,  183. 

offer  to  replace  at  higher  rate  after  wrongful  deprival  of,  222. 
d.  for  refusal  to  respond  to  call,  897o. 
d.  for  wrongful  removal  of,  897o. 
condemnation  of  right  of  way  for,  1152a. 
wires,  d.  by,  1167  n, 
TELEPHONE  COMPANY,  neglect  by,  to  transmit  money,  168. 
d.  in  action  against,  897a. 

for  refusal  to  transmit  message,  by,  897a. 
"TEMPERATE,"  jury  must  be,  171a. 


INDEX  3371 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

TEMPORARY  injunction,  counsel  fees  for  resisting  motion  for,  685fc. 

interference  with  access,  1117  n. 

injury,  excessive  d.  for,  1347. 
TENANT,  recovery  for  injury  to  land,  69,  71. 

See  Lessee. 

refusal  of,  to  pay  rent,  35  n. 

loss  of,  by  nuisance,  35  n. 

in  common  of  land,  d.  recoverable  by,  75. 
of  chattels,  83. 

of  part  of  land  injured,  owner  of  rest,  >856. 

d.  of,  87. 

suit  by,  209. 

agreement  of,  to  make  repairs,  210. 

injunction  against  interfering  with,  685c. 

exemplary  d.  against  landlord  for  injury  to  premises,  373. 

for  life,  recovery  by,  on  fire  policy,  725. 

See  Life-Tenant. 

for  years,  insurable  interest  of,  725. 

of  land,  recovery  by,  926. 

holding  over,  responsible  for  rent  reserved,  999e. 

may  recoup  for  fraud  of  landlord  in  securing  lease,  1056. 

for  life  or  years,  may  recover  compensation  in  eminent  domain  proceed- 
ings, 1154a. 

at  will,  without  title  cannot  recover  in  eminent  domain  proceedings, 
1154a. 

by  sufferance,  cannot  recover  compensation  in  eminent  domain  pro- 
ceedings, 1157. 

inconvenience  to,  1165. 
TENANT  IN  COMMON,  suing  for  injury  to  property,  75;  83. 

recovery  by,  on  fire  policy,  725. 

liability  of,  for  mesne  profits,  906. 

d.  on  accounting  between,  for  severance  from  realty,  936. 

of  land,  entitled  to  compensation  in  eminent  domain  proceedings,  1154a. 
TENDER  of  goods,  reduction  of  d.  by,  54. 

offer  of,  after  conversion,  53. 

interest  barred  byj  3406. 

must  be  unconditional,  3406. 

must  be  kept  good,  3406. 

of  performance,  how  affecting  d.,  612o. 

reduction  of  d.  on  replevin  bond  by,  691a. 

subsequent  to  failure  to  deliver  goods,  741. 

of  deed  in  court,  1028. 

legal,  26d. 
TENNESSEE,  rule  in,  for  A.  on  breach  of  covenant  of  warranty,  959. 
for  recoupment,  1039. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 

remission  of  excess  of  verdict  in,  1330. 
TERM,  compensation  for  value  of,  987. 
TERM  OF  OFFICE,  limitation  of  recovery  on  official  bond  by  reason  of,  6926. 

of  officer  of  corporation,  694. 


3372  INDEX 

[References  aje  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note;] 

TERMINUS  at  Fort  Scott,  agreement  to  make,  194. 
TERMS  OF  SALE,  d.  against  agent  for  making  wrong,  823. 

d.  against  telegraph  company  for  error  in  transmitting,  886. 
TERRITORY,  breach  of  agreement  to  give  exclusive,  607,  633, 

d.  of  agent  entitled  to  exclusive,  834d. 

d.  for  invasion  of  exclusive,  1246a. 
TERROR,  caused  by  mental  suffering,  43a. 
TEST  of  element  of  value,  1171,. 

TESTIMONY,  verdict  against  Weight  of.    See  Verdict. 
TESTING  warranted  machine,  recovery  of  expense  of,  767. 
TEXAS,  doctrine  of  exemplary  d.  in,  359. 

law  of,  as  to  higher  intermediate  value,  516c. 

rule  in,  for  recovery  of  d.  for  mental  suffering,  894o. 

constitution  of,  referred  to,  1122. 

meaning  of  "damage"  in  constitution,  1123. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1143. 

remission  of  excess  of  verdict  in,  1330. 
THEATRE,  contract  to  perform  in,  for  share  of  proceeds,  1076,  n. 

refusal  of  admission  to,  222  n.,  607  n. 

offer  of  equally  good  seat  in,  222  n. 

liquidated  d.  to  secure  actor's  performance  at,  398,  399. 

liability  of,  for  refusing  to  admit  ticket  holder,  8736. 

excessive  d.  for  expulsion  from,  1343. 
THEATRICAL  COMPANY,  d.  for  failure  to  transport,  843. 

d.  for  delay  in  transportation  of,  863. 
THEATRICAL  ENTERTAINMENT,  profits  of,  182a,  n. 
THEFT,  loss  by,  at  time  of  fire,  recoverable  on  policy,  723a. 
THEORY,  of  construction  of  lands  Clauses  Consolidation  Act,  1118. 
THESIGER'S  RULE,  1096. 

application  of,  1121. 

adopted  in  Illinois,  1121. 
THOROUGHFARE,  obstruction  of,  1105. 

causing  loss  of  use  of,  35. 

access  to,  1093. 
THREATS,  how  far  expense  is  reasonable  on  account  of,  226Z. 
THRESHING  replevied  grain,  deduction  of  cost  of,  690. 
THRESHING  MACHINE,  195  n. 
THROWING  stones  on  adjacent  land,  1111. 

ashes,  1116. 

cinders,  1116. 

soot,  1116. 

surface  water,  1117  n. 

earth  and  trees  on  land  outside  right  of  way,  1110  n. 
TICKET,  d.  for  negligence  of  conductor  in  failing  to  furnish  stop  over,  865. 
TICKET  SCALPING,  profits  of,  1826. 
TICKETS,  loss  of  sale  of,  170. 
TILES,  neglect  of  agent  to  buy,  825. 
TIMBER,  carrying  away  of,  86a. 

no  reduction  for  carrying  off,  63  n. 

to  be  used  for  special  work,  166. 


INDEX  3373 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.) 

TIMBER— ConimMed. 

exemplai-y  d.  for  cutting  of,  373. 
d.  for  wrongfully  cutting,  502,  933. 
d.  in  actions  for  conversion  of,  502,  503. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  employ  plaintiff  to  saw,  607  n.,'608,  614  n., 
615  n.,  620. 

to  deliver,  153,  615  n. 

to  cut,  607  n.,  614  n.,  615  n. 

to  transport,  614  n.,  620  n. 
recovery  for  cutting,  on  injunction  bond,  685o,  n. 
d.  on  injunction  against  cutting,  6856. 
d.  on  injunction  bond  for  failure  to  secure,  6856. 
d.  for  failm"e  to  pay  for,  752o. 
contract  to  indemnify  against  selling,  794. 
compensation  for  cutting,  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  910. 
failure  of  title  to,  976. 
taking  of,  1107. 
removal  of,  1168. 
land,  taking  of,  1167  n. 
trees,  d.  for  destruction  of,  933. 
TIME. 

I. — Recovery  of  Damages  Affected  by 

to  which  compensation  may  be  recovered,  84  et  seq. 

prospective  and  past  d.  recoverable  in  single  action,  84. 

early  rule  different,  85. 

loss  accruing  after  action  brought,  85. 

prospective  loss,  86. 

d.  for  breach  of  continuing  agreements,  87. 

new  action  must  be  brought  for  renewed  injury,  88. 

continuing  breach  of  subsisting  contract,  d.  to  date  of  writ,  89. 

breach  destroying  contract,  prospective  d.,  90. 

continuing  tort,  d.  to  date  of  writ,  91. 

tort  by  trespass  on  plaintiff's  land,  to  what  time  d.  recoverable,  92. 

by  unauthorized  private  structure,  or  use  of  land  by  defendant,  93. 

authorized  permanent  public  work,  95. 

when  negligently  constructed,  95. 
from  which  interest  runs,  302,  310,  314,  315,  318. 
payment  of  interest,  where  demand  prevented  by  defendant's  act,  309. 
when  interest  begins  to  run  on  account,  310. 
lapse  of,  considered  in  estimating  d.,  319. 
of  estimating  profits  of  contract,  636e. 

of  estimating  value  of  personal  property  on  replevin  bond,  690. 
when  not  of  the  essence  of  a  contract,  657. 
when  market  value  of  goods  sold  is  to  be  assessed,  737. 
of  estimating  value  of  goods  lost  by  carrier,  847. 

in  replevin,  533 
for  making  claim  against  telegraph  company,  876. 
of  recovery  of  mesne  profits,  911,  912,  913. 

when  value  of  land  is  taken  on  breach  of  contract  to  convey,  1018. 
of  taking,  1151. 


3374  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

T:\yiSr— Continued. 

of  entry,  1151. 

of  order  for  condemnation,  1151. 
of  filing  location,  1151. 
when  d.  measured,  1151. 
limit  of,  for  claiming  d.,  under  statute,  1151  n. 
of  allowance  of  interest,  1179a. 
of  taking  under  eminent  domain,  1200. 

at  which  value  of  property  of  fluctuating  value  is  to  be  taken.    See 
Higher  Intermediate  Value. 
II. — Compensation  for  Loss  of 

loss  of,  in  action  for  personal  injuiy,  107o. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  164,  180. 

notice  must  be  given,  159. 

spent  in  following  property,  recovery  of  value  of,  226c. 

value  of,  spent  in  effort  to  avoid  loss  recoverable,  226i. 

in  attending  court,  229  n. 
recovery  for  loss  of,  by  malicious  prosecution,  459. 

by  false  imprisonment,  461. 

for  personal  injury,  481,  482, 

by  married  woman,  486. 

by  minor,  4866. 
of  child,  486c. 
lost  in  consulting  counsel  or  attending  hearing,  recoverable  on  injunction 

bond,  685  n. 
of  idle  hands,  recovery  for,  on  injunction  bond,  685e. 
recovery  for  loss  of,  on  bond  for  arrest,  686o. 

on  accident  policy,  731. 

failure  to  deliver  goods,  737,  742. 

on  countermand  of  purchase  or  sale  of  goods,  758. 

on  wrongful  sale  by  agent,  821. 

on  loss  of  goods  by  carrier,  847. 

on  injury  during  transportation,  852. 

against  carrier  of  passengers,  860,  862,  863,  864. 

by  passenger,  864. 

by  injury  to  passenger,  860. 

by  failure  to  carry  passenger,  862. 

by  delay  in  transporting  passenger,  863. 

by  carrying  passenger  beyond  station,  864a. 

by  expulsion  from  train,  865. 
lost  in  perfecting  title,  no  recovery  for,  in  action  on  real  covenant,  981. 
d.  for  loss  of,  by  breach  of  contract  to  lease  farm  for  share  of  crop,  989. 

by  failure  of  landlord  to  heat,  995. 

by  sickness,  1166(i. 
value  of,  171  n.,  181,  251,  255,  482,  860. 
TITHES,  interest  in  action  for  rent  of,  285  n. 
TITLE,  nominal  d.  establish,  99. 
error  in  examining,  218. 
expense  of  perfecting,  226e. 
slander  of,  455. 


INDEX  3375 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

TITLE— CmiUnued. 

expense  of  litigation  caused  by,  241. 

value  of  abstract  of,  261. 

recovery  for  expense  of  examining,  on  breach  of  contract  to  convey,  6075. 

bond  for,  679a. 

cloud  on,  caused  by  injunction  suit,  685 A. 

to  property  replevied,  maj'  be  shown  to  be  independent,  691a. 

provable  in  reduction  of  d.,  on  detinue  bond,  691c. 

d.  on  policy  of  insurance  how  affected  by,  725. 

of  goods  manufactured,  762. 

of  chattel,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  774. 

negligence  of  conveyancer  in  examining,  831. 

liability  of  unauthorized  agent  for  expense  of  investigating,  835. 

expense  of  investigating,  recoverable  from  auctioneer  without  authority, 
838. 

lack  of,  as  defense  to  action  on  purchase  money  note,  973. 

d.  for  partial  failure  of,  on  covenant  against  incumbrances,  976. 

after  acquired,  enures  to  benefit  of  grantee,  977. 

reduction  of  d.  on  real  covenants  by  after-acquired,  978. 

expense  of  perfecting  in  action  on  real  covenant,  979. 

recovery  of  cost  of  removing  incumbrance  on,  in  action  against  landlord 
for  fraud,  990c. 

contract  to  convey  with  reference  to  a  complete,  1008. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  convey,  made  with  knowledge  of  defect  in, 
1011. 

partial  defect  of,  in  land  conveyed,  1016. 

recovery  of  expense  of  investigation,  on  breach  of  contract  to  convey 
land,  1017. 

to  land,  misrepresentation  as  to,  1027. 

recoupment  for  failure  of,  1053. 

appropriation  depriving  owner  of,  1151  w. 

effect  of  transfer  of,  on  compensation  for  taking  by  eminent  domain, 
1154c. 

transfer  of,  to  grantee  does  not  pass  right  of  compensation  for  taking 
rights  in  highway  in  New  York,  12056. 

not  affected  by  nominal  d.  in  patent  suits,  1219. 

limited.   See  Limited  Interest. 
TITLE  COMPANY,  d.  against  for  negligence,  831o. 
TITLE  DEEDS,  value  of,  262. 

detinue  for,  527. 

whether  baggage,  873  n. 
TOBACCO,  sale  of  flues  for  curing  of,  153. 

breach  of  contract  to  advance  money  to  buy,  179  n. 

early  substitute  for  money  in  Virginia,  266. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  762. 
TOLI^BRIDGE,  profits  from,  182a,  n. 

in  use  for  some  time,  carried  away,  187. 
TOIJ^GATE,  depriving  plaintiff  of  tolls,  93. 
TOLLS,  loss  of,  187. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  by  infringement  of  ferry  franchise,  944. 


3376  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

TOllS—Conlinued. 

making  turnpilve  free  from,  1171(i. 
TOMATOES,  delay  in  delivery  of  cans  for,  152  n. 
TONTINE  POLICY,  value  of,  730. 
TOOLS,  d.  for  conversion  of,  506. 

d.  for  loss  of  use  of,  by  injunction  against  moving  house,  685c. 

of  trade,  whether  baggage,  873  n. 
TORT,  object  of  action  is  to  obtain  money  judgment,  4. 

d.  imder  codes  for,  28a. 

to  indemnify  for  loss  suffered,  30. 

continuing,  84o,  924. 

entire  d.  for,  856. 

distinct,  85c. 

new  action  for  new  injury  in,  88. 

continuing  d.  recoverable  for,  till  action,  91. 

each  fall  is  separate,  93a. 

causing  permanent  injiuy,  94. 

nominal  d.  for,  100. 

general  principle  in  action  of,  104. 

natural  consequences  in  actions  of,  143. 

recovery  of  litigation  expenses  caused  by,  233,  241. 

for  loss  of  gold,  272. 

interest  in  action  of,  316. 

exemplary  d.  in  action  of,  370. 

joint,  liability  of  defendants  in  exemplary  d.,  382. 

forms  of  action  for,  428. 

measure  of  d.  for,  determined  by  fixed  rules,  where  no  malice  exists,  428. 

d.  for,  do  not  depend  on  form  of  action,  429. 

compensatory  d.  for,  a  matter  of  law,  429. 

aggravation  or  mitigation  of  d.  for,  430. 

joint,  each  wrong-doer  liable  for  the  whole  d.,  431. 

expenses  of  avoiding  consequences  of,  recoverable,  437. 

even  when  they  enhance  loss,  438. 

by  slander  of  title,  455. 

by  malicious  attachment,  467. 

in  admiralty,  699. 

division  of  loss  for,  in  admiralty,  599. 

distinction  between,  and  contract,  601. 

recovery  on  waiver  of,  654. 

suit  against  carrier  may  be  framed  to  sound  in,  840. 

breach  of  duty  to  passenger  is,  859. 

by  landlord  against  tenant,  d.  for,  990. 

d.  for,  cannot  be  recouped  in  action  for  rent,  9996. 

of  tenant,  recovery  by  landlord  for,  999?. 

d.  from,  cannot  be  set  off,  1031. 

recoupment  in  action  of,  1044. 

of  landlord,  recoupment  for,  1058. 

joint,  d.  for,  1279. 

several,  by  different  defendants,  1280. 

by  injury  to  personal  property.    See  Chattels. 


INDEX  3377 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  w.  means  note.] 

TORT— Cmtin-ued. 

by  false  imprisonment.    See  False  Imprisonment. 

by  false  representations  or  other  fraud.    See  Featjd. 

by  slander  or  libel.    See  Libel,  Slander. 

by  malicious  prosecution.    See  Malicious  Prosecution, 

by  personal  injury.    See  Personal  Injury. 

involving  loss  of  service.    See  Service,  Loss  op,  , 

TORTIOUS  ENTRY,  1173. 
TOTAL  BREACH  of  contract,  636t. 

TOTAL  EVICTION,  recovery  for,  on  covenant  against  incumbrances,  969. 
TOTAL  LOSS  of  property,  d.  for,  432a. 

by  collision,  d.  for,  594. 

of  vessel,  594. 

no  recovery  after,  590. 

constructive,  709,  711. 

on  policy  of  marine  insurance,  710-713. 

what  constitutes,  716. 

of  part  of  freight,  717. 

of  building,  722a. 
TOWER,  crossing,  expense  of  maintaining,  1152a. 

TOWN,  expenses  of  litigation  for  injury  on  highway  recoverable  by,  from  town 
wrong-doer,  241. 

improvements  by,  1112. 

land  taken  for  water  purposes  by,  11716. 
TOWN  CLERK,  d.  in  action  against,  562. 
TOWN  LOTS,  value  of  land  for,  253. 
TOWN  OFFICERS,  d.  against,  562. 
TRACK  CONNECTION,  value  of  land  for,  11716. 
TRACKS,  obstructing  a  street,  195. 

increasing  number  of,  1109  n. 

opening  of  street  across,  1121  n. 

planking  of,  1152a. 

d.  from  use  of,  1164. 

inconvenience  in  crossing  of,  1164. 

cars  running  off,  1165. 

railroad,  highway  across,  1165c. 

laying  of,  without  owner's  consent,  1175. 
TRACT,  value  of,  for  any  purpose,  11496. 

acquisition  of  use  of,  1150. 

basis  of  compensation  for  use  of,  1150. 

entire.    See  Entire  Tract. 
TRADE,  agreement  not  to  continue,  182,  400,  408,  418. 

contracts  in  restraint  of,  1936. 

breach  of  contract  to  supply  materials  for,  153. 

exemplary  d.  for  unlawful  interference  with,  373a. 

liquidated  d.  in  agreement  not  to  carry  on,  418. 

d.  for  conspiracy  in  restraint  of,  4706. 

evidence  of,  as  bearing  on  value  of  time,  482. 

injury  to,  1090. 

212 


3378  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

TRADE — Continued. 

d.  to,  1094. 

obstruction  to,  1094. 

loss  of,  1096. 

appertaining  to  premises,  1105. 

falling  off  in,  1205. 
TRADE-MARK,  nominal  d.  for  infringement  of,  100,  102. 

fraudulent  imitation  of,  100. 

d.  for  infringing,  1246c. 

special  d.  in  action  for  infringing,  1271. 
TRADE  NAME,  d.  for  infringing,  1246c. 
TRADING  STAMPS,  man  supplied  with,  182n. 
TRAFFIC,  diversion  of,  from  ferry,  1098. 
TRAIN,  failure  to  stop,  45,  212  n. 

ejection  from,  143n. 

expense  of  special,  226A;. 

d.  for  expulsion  of  passenger  from,  865. 
TRAINING  of  father,  recovery  by  child,  for  loss  of  through  death,  577. 

of  person  injured,  may  be  shown,  485a. 
TRAINS,  smoke  of,  1102. 

noise  of,  1102,  1123  «.,  1165. 

on  street,  depreciation  in  value  of  abutting  land  by  ninning,  1102. 

increasing  frequency  of,  1109  n. 

running  of,  1123. 

expense  of  stopping,  1152a, 

no  recovery  for  stopping  and  flagging  where  railroad  laid  out  over  track 
of  another  railroad,  1152o. 

risk  of  obstruction,  1165. 
TRAMP,  d.  recoverable  by,  for  personal  injury,  485a. 
TRANSFER  of  note,  d.  for  wTongful,  708. 

of  stock,  d.  for  refusal  to  allow,  508,  514,  518,  519. 

of  stock  on  books,  measure  of  d.  for  breach  of  obligation  to,  627a. 

of  title,  effect  of,  on  right  to  compensation  for  taking  by  eminent 
domain,  1154c. 
TRANSPORT,  d.  against  carrier  for  failure  to,  842. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to,  &33d. 

timber,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  for,  614  n. 
TRANSPORTATION,  cost  of,  included  in  value,  246,  247,  739. 

compensation  for,  841. 

d.  for  injury  to  goods  during,  852. 

by  sea,  d.  for  delay  in,  855. 

cost  of,  how  entering  into  market  value,  739. 

of  passenger,  loss  of  time  in,  863. 
TRANS-SHIPMENT,  d.  against  carrier  for  unlawful,  852. 
TRAUMATIC  NEUROSIS,  excessive  d.  tor,  1360. 
TRAVELLER,  failure  to  deliver  telegram  to  meet,  at  station,  8816. 
TRAVELLING,  increased  facility  for,  is  general  benefit,  1129. 

expenses,  recovery  of,  on  attachment  bond,  682a. 
on  injunction  bond,  685  n. 
TRAVELLING  SALESMEN,  180. 


INDEX  3379 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

TREASURER,  recovery  on  bond  of,  692a,  6926. 
TREASURER,  COUNTY,  d.  against,  for  negligence,  661. 
TREASURY  notes  of  United  States  as  legal  tender,  269. 
TREBLE  DAMAGES  for  trespass  to  lands,  930a. 

not  recoverable  on  sheriff's  bond,  692i. 

in  patent  suits,  1229. 

generally  must  be  pleaded,  1263. 

form  of  finding  of  jury  for,  1318a. 
TREES,  growing,  100. 

in  highway,  value  of,  265. 

interest  in  action  for  destruction  of,  317  n. 

d.  for  wrongful  destruction  of,  502,  933. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  plant,  614  n. 

breach  of  contract  to  cultivate,  620  n. 

recovery  for  deterioration  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  765,  768. 

value  of,  847. 

injury  to,  recoverable  in  action  for  trespass  to  land,  929. 

d.  for  destruction  of,  933. 

recovery  for  value  of,  after  severance  from  the  realty,  934. 

fruit  or  ornamental,  d.  for  destruction  of,  933. 

d.  for  waste  by  cutting  down,  950. 

and  earth,  throwing  on  land  outside  right  of  way,  1110  n. 

shade,  removal  of,  1122. 

destruction  of,  1166e. 

injiuy  to,  1166e. 

fruit,  taking  of,  1167  n. 

shade,  destruction  of,  1167  n. 

cutting,  d.  for,  1171c.    See  Timber. 
TRESPASS. 

I. — In  General 

object  is  to  obtain  money  judgment,  4. 

recovery  for  attempted  seduction  of  wife  in  action  of,  48. 

nominal  d.  for,  99,  101,  923. 

action  in,  101. 

one  cannot  be  called  on  to  commit,  in  order  to  avoid  wrong,  225. 

recovery  of  expen.se  of  Utigation  in  action  for,  233. 

interest  in  action  for,  316.  . 

exemplary  d.  for  malicious,  373. 

general  principle  of  d.  for,  428. 

past,  in  condemnation  proceedings,  1150. 

excessive  d.  for,  1334. 
II. — On  Chattels 

exemplary  d.  for,  351,  352.    See  Convebsion. 

by  public  officer,  d.  for,  564. 
III. — On  Land 

on  land,  4Si,  88,  92,  107o,  n. 
prospective  d.  for,  92. 

new,  for  each  day's  neglect,  88. 

avoidable  consequences  of,  214. 


3380  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n:  means  note.] 

TBESPASS— Continued. 

exemplary  d.  for,  350,  361,  373,  930. 

none  if  accidental  or  in  belief  of  right,  363. 

mitigation  of,  384. 

to  try  title,  905. 

for  mesne  profits,  905. 

d.  for,  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  910. 

form  of  action  for,  923. 

actual  loss  recoverable,  923. 

single  or  continuing,  924. 

entire  d.,  when  recoverable,  924a. 

to  what  time  d.  are  recoverable,  924. 

presumption  of  continuing  wrong,  924. 

by  excavation,  925. 

by  loss  of  support,  925. 

recovery  for,  by  special  owner,  926. 

consequential  d.  for,  927. 

inevitable  loss,  928. 

aggravation  of  d.  for,  929. 

treble  d.  for,  930. 

right  of  action  for,  931. 

possession  indispensable,  931. 

measure  of  d.  for,  932. 

certainty  of  loss  by,  932. 

remote  d.  for,  932. 

d.  for  destruction  of  trees,  933. 

where  value  enhanced  by  defendant's  labor,  934. 

d.  for  removal  of  minerals,  935. 

measure  of  recovery  between  co-owners,  936, 

d.  for  destruction  of  crops,  937. 
of  fences,  938. 

removal  of  soil,  939. 

injury  to  mill-streams,  940. 

diversion  or  obstruction  of  water,  941. 

flooding  land,  942. 

removal  of  chattels,  943. 

destruction  of  house,  944. 

interruption  of  easement  of  light,  944. 

removal  of  sidewalk,  944. 

removal  of  fixtures,  944. 

malicious  ouster,  944. 

illegal  distraint,  944. 

right  of  distraint  of  cattle  d.  feasant,  945. 

no  recoupment  in  action  for,  1042. 

conversion  of  action  for,  into  condemnation  proceeding,  in  Minnesota, 
1151. 
TRESPASSER  on  land  without  title  cannot  recover  in  eminent  domain  proceed- 
ings, 1154a. 
TRESTLE,  replacement  of,  by  embankment,  1109. 

substitution  of,  for  embankment,  1152. 


INDEX  3381 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  nleans  damage ;.n.  means  note.] 
TKESTLK— Continued. 

for  elevated  road,  where  new  burden  on  street,  1152a,  n. 
TRIAL,  by  battle,  15. 

later  modes  of,  13. 

by  ord6al,,.li.     • .  j    ■ 

by  compurgators,  16. 

by  wager  of  law,  16. 

by  jury,  17. 

by  witnesses,  17. 

d.  accruing  subsequeAtly  to,  not  cause  of  action,  84,  85. 

date  of,  1151. 
TROPLONG,  jtis  civile  and  equilas,  1315  n. 
TROUBLE,  indemnity  against,  795. 
TROUSSEAU,  failure  to  furnish,  45  n. 
TROVER,  object  is  to  obtain  money  judgment,  4. 

offer  of  reparation,  does  not  reduce  d.  in  action  of,  53. 

interest  in  action  of,  in  England,  289. 

common  form  of  action, for  a  conversion,  492. 

distinction  between,  and  replevin,  628. 

recoupment  in  action  of,  1042,  1044.    See  Conversion. 
TRUCK  GARDENING,  adaptability  of  land  for,  11716. 
TRUNK,  consequences  of  delay  in  delivering,  856a. 
TRUSTEE.    See  Garnishee. 

recovery  by,  76. 

cannot  retain  money  for  expense  of  litigation  without  statute.  229. 

entitled  to  interest  on  advances,  304. 

interest  payable  by,  311a. 

mingling  trast  funds  with  his  own,  liable  to  interest,  311c. 

when  liable  to  compound  interest,  344. 

recovery  by,  on  policy  of  insurance,  725. 

d.  on  bond  to  indemnify,  806. 

d.  against,  for  selling  land  without  authoritj',  1011. 

debt  from  beneficial^'  set  off  in  action  by,  1031. 

d.  against,  for  breach  of  trust,  1256^. 
TRUSTEE  PROCESS,  interest  when  suspended  by,  341. 

set-off  in,  1031.     . 
TRUTH,  belief  in,  as  affecting  d.  for  defamation,  448c. 

rumor  of,  as  mitigation  of  d.  for  slander  or  libel,  451. 

of  defamatory  words  as  mitigation  of  d.,  452. 
"TUG,  expense  of,  in  admiralty,  589. 
TUITION,  payment  in  advance  whether  penalty,  414. 
TUITION  FEE,  recovery  of,  612. 
TUNNEL,  profits  of  contract  to  construct,  614  n. 

under  street,  1116. 
TURF,  destruction  of,  by  straying  cattle,  226d,  n. 

d.  for  destruction  of,  937a. 
TURNING  surface  water  on  land,  1123  n.,  Umd. 
TURNPIKE,  failure  .to  complete  at  agreed  time,  187. 

construction  of  railroad  across,  is  taking  by  eminent  domain,  1152a,  n. 

making  of,  free  from  tolls,  1171(i. 


3382  iNDE^ 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  meanB  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

TURNPIKE— Coniinued. 

taken  for  highway,  1171d. 

taking  of,  1173. 

condemnation  of,  1173. 
TURNPIKE  COMPANY,  value  of  interest  in  land  taken,  1156. 

impairment  of  value  of  franchise,  1173. 
TAVELVE  TABLES,  d.  in,  24  n. 

UBI  JUS  IBI  REMEDIUM,  97. 

ULTRA  VIRES  act,  liability  of  city  for,  1110  n. 

UNAUTHORIZED  acts,  1110. 

agent,  d.  against,  835-838. 

d.,  redress  of  property  ovraer  for,  1110. 

sale,  d.  for,  821. 

suit,  d.  for,  839,  938. 
UNCERTAIN,  nature  of  business,  182o. 

value  of  future  crop  is  not,  624. 

share  of  profit,  compensation  by,  669. 
s  profits,  no  recovery  for  loss  of,  889. 

d.    See  Certainty  op  Pkoop. 

stipulation  in  liquidation  of,  416. 

no  compensation  for,  in  admiralty,  589,  593. 
on  statutory  bond,  680. 
UNCERTAINTY  of  profit  m  case  of  fluctuating  cost  of  performance,  036^,  636fc. 
UNCHASTITY,  d.  for  defamation  by  charge  of,  448c. 

of  daughter  as  mitigation  of  d.  for  seduction,  476. 

for  personal  injury,  488. 

charge  of,  as  aggravation  of  d.  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  640. 

of  plaintiff  as  mitigation  of  d.  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  641. 
UNCLE,  d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death  of,  8946. 
UNCONSCIONABLE  AGREEMENTS,  606c. 
UNDEFILED  MARRIAGE,  recovery  by  husband  for  loss  of,  48. 
UNDERGROUND  water,  interference  with,  1096. 
UNDER-LET,  d.  for  breach  of  covenant  by  lessee  not  to,  999fc. 
UNDERMINING  of  house  by  rains,  1164. 
UNDERTAKING,  statutory  action  on.    See  Bond. 

given  under  a  statute,  d.  on,  680. 

on  granting  restraining  order,  d.  upon,  685. 
UNDERWRITERS,  abandonment  to,  on  total  loss,  710. 

UNDUE  INFLUENCE  as  ground  for  setting  aside  verdict  for  exemplary  d..  388. 
UNFORESEEN  DAMAGES,  1082. 

UNFOUNDED  SUIT,  expenses  of,  when  recoverable  on  indemnity  bond,  803. 
UNINTELLIGIBLE  MESSAGE,  d.  for  failure  to  transmit,  890. 
UNION  LABEL,  liquidated  d.  on  breach  of  contract  not  to  use,  415,  416. 
UNION  MEN,  liquidated  d.  on  breach  of  contract  not  to  employ,  415,  416. 
UNITED  STATES,  interest  on  claim  against,  338. 

Fifth  Amendment  to  Constitution  of,  1107. 

general  conclusions  on  eminent  domain  in,  1123. 
UNITED  STATES  TREASURY  NOTES,  269. 
UNITS  OF  VALUE  in  United  States,  268. 


INDEX  3383 

[References  are  to  sections,  d!.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

UNJUST,  liquidation  of  d.  must  not  be,  407. 
UNLADING,  d.  for  delay  in,  867, 
UNLAWFUL  business,  injury  to,  1826. 

use  of  right  of  way,  1110  »i. 

entry,  compensation  recoverable  on  taking  by  eminent  domain,  after, 
1159. 

use,  value  for,  1171a. 

original  entry,  1175. 

entry  to  construct  reservoir,  1175. 
UNLIQUIDATED  claim,  may  be  subject  of  recoupment,  1047. 

d.,  what  are,  1031. 

d.,  cannot  be  set  off,  1031. 

demands,  interest  on,  299,  300,  312-315. 
UNNECESSARY  improvements,  no  allowance  for,  917. 
UNREASONABLE,  liquidated  d.  must  not  be,  407. 
UNSEAWORTHINESS,  division  of  loss  caused  by,  578. 
UNSIGHTLINESS,  1149  n. 

of  railroad  construction,  1121. 
UNUSUAL  noises,  on  railroad,  1110  n. 
UNWHOLESOME  results  of  nuisance,  d.  for,  948. 
UTAH,  d.  for  operation  of  railroad  in,  1123. 
USAGE,  interest  on  partnership  account  by,  310a. 
USE  of  goods,  special  notice  of,  164. 

of  machinery,  notice  of,  165. 

for  material,  notice  of  special,  166. 

special,  notice  of,  167. 

for  funds,  notice  of,  168. 

for  information,  notice  of,  169. 

of  net,  loss  of,  171a,  n. 

of  a  machine,  171b. 

of  land,  d.  for  obstructing,  184. 

of  road  or  bridge,  loss  of,  187. 

of  business  premises,  189. 

of  personal  property,  loss  of,  195. 

of  a  vessel,  loss  of,  196. 

of  chattels,  d.  for  loss  of,  435. 

d.  for  loss  of,  435a. 

value  of,  not  recoverable  in  actions  for  conversion,  493a. 

conversion  by  wrongful,  494. 

in  replevin,  537. 

d.  for  loss  of,  during  detainer  of  goods,  565a. 

of  vessel,  loss  of,  by  collision,  593. 

of  building,  loss  of,  by  improper  construction,  644. 

loss  of,  for  delay  in  construction  of  building,  645. 

of  attached  property,  d.  for  loss  of,  682. 

of  land,  compensation  for  loss  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 

of  business  premises,  recovery  for  loss  of,  on  injunction  bond,  685fe. 

of  mill,  d.  for  loss  of,  685/. 

of  building,  recovery  for  value  of.  pending  injunction,  685/. 

of  property,  loss  of,  by  reason  of  injunction,  685ft. 


3384  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

USE — Continued. 

of  land  pending  appeal,  recovery  for,  688a. 

of  property,  loss  of,  by  replevin,  689o. 

of  property,  of  which  delivery  is  delayed,  recovery  of  compensation  for, 
742. 

of  warranted  machine,  d.  for  loss  of,  767. 

of  premises,  recovery  for  loss  of,  by  disrepair,  991. 

appropriation  of  private  property  for  public,  1077. 

of  streets,  1108  n. 

granting  of  property  for  pubUc,  by  deed,  1109. 

of  property  taken,  change  of,  1109. 

before  condemnation,  d.  for,  1109. 

unlawful,  or  right  of  way,  1110  n. 

of  property,  interference  with  beneficial,  1114 

destruction  of  beneficial,  by  physical  interference,  1116. 

of  land  taken  for  other  purposes,  1116. 

of  land,  deprivation  of,  1117. 

of  property,  deprivation  of,  1121. 

d.  for  more  injurious,  1152  n. 

application  of  land  taken  to  other,  1152  n. 

of  track,  basis  of  compensation  for,  1150. 

of  track,  acquisition  of,  1150. 

unreasonable,  of  adjacent  land,  1149a. 

of  spring,  loss  of,  1164. 

interference  with  public,  11666. 

of  land,  pecuhar  mode  of,  1171. 

of  property  as  summer  residence,  1171c. 

value  of,  537. 

for  future,  253. 

for  special,  252,  1018. 

for  unlawful,  1171a. 

of  money,  interest  is  value  of,  282. 

of  premises,  value  of,  908. 

of  property,  value  of,  435a. 

of  vessel,  value  of,  2436. 

of  water,  value  of,  941. 
USE  AND  OCCUPATION,  mterest  on  amount  recovered  for,  307. 

action  for,  999e. 

recoupment  in  action  for,  1057. 
USEFULNESS  of  life,  compensation  for  loss  of,  485. 
USELESS,  recovery  for  breach  of  contract  which  would  have  teen,  619. 
USER,  injury  caused  by,  1090,  1098,  1102. 

prospective  d.,  from,  1102. 

of  railway,  loss  from,  1105. 
USES,  two,  of  property,  1152a. 

USUAL  COURSE  OF  THINGS,  rule  of  Hadley  v.  Baxendale,  146n. 
USURIOUS  INTEREST,  recovery  by  surety  who  has  paid,  801. 
USURY,  what  is,  420. 

effect  of  recovery  back  of  payments  on  ground  of,  695a. 
USURY  LAWS,  cannot  be  evaded  by  stipulating  d.,  420. 


INDEX  3385 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 
VACANCY,  tenant  abandoning  lease  responsible  for,  999/. 
VACATION  of  injunction,  effect  of,  on  recovery  on  bond,  685. 
VACATING  injunction,  recovery  on  bond  for,  685o. 
VALUATION  of  property,  in  contract,  420a. 
whether  enforced,  417. 
of  goods  in  writ  of  replevin,  effect  of,  532. 
not  common  in  policy  of  fire  insurance,  720. 
VALUE,  higher  intermediate.    See  Higher  Intermediate  Value. 
under  eminent  domain  statutes.    See  Eminent  Domain. 
I. — In  General 

compensation  for  permanent  diminution  in,  40. 

what  is,  242,  244. 

commonest  test  of  real  value,  243. 

market,  not  conclusive,  243. 

fundamental  rule  of,  243. 

not  dependent  on  intended  user  or  price,  143o. 

market,  244. 

market,  how  determined,  245. 

in  nearest  market,  246,  739. 

cost  of  transportation,  whether  included,  247,  247. 

as  affected  by  contingencies  of  saving  property,  246. 

allowance  of  profit,  when  made,  247. 

wholesale  or  retail,  248a,  722. 

artificially  enhanced,  24.9,  265. 

fictitious,  249. 

none  in  market,  250. 

adoption  of  new  standard  of,  268. 

when  estimated,  434. 

when  to  be  estimated,  upon  countermand  of  purchase  or  sale,  758. 

where  estimated,  344,  738. 

cost  of  production  does  not  measure,  495. 

usually  equals  market  value,  495 

where  to  be  estimated,  496. 

when  to  be  estimated,  497. 

property  increased  in,  by  defendant,  499. 

how  affected  by  a  contract  for  sale,  506. 

in  replevin  writ,  whether  conclusive,  532. 

increased  by  labor  of  defeated  party,  whether  recoverable  in  replevin, 

532. 
depreciation  of,  in  replevin,  536. 
stated  in  receipt,  whether  conclusive  on  receiptor,  567. 
depreciation  in,  recoverable  on  collision,  592. 
fluctuations  in,  during  contract  period,  636j,  636A;. 
recoverable  when  no  price  fixed,  750. 
d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  763. 
deterioration  in,  from  failure  to  transport,  843. 
time  of  estimating,  847,  1018. 
means  net  value,  909. 
market,  of  land,  1081. 
diminution  in,  due  to  compulsory  ejectment,  1083. 


3386  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

VALUE — Continued. 

estimate  of,  1085. 

of  abutting  land,  depreciation  in,  owing  to  running  trams  on  street,  1102. 
rise  in,  benefits  through,  1103. 
market,  depreciation  in,  1121. 
increase  of,  from  raihoad,  1122. 
market,  difference  in,  1149. 
of  water,  diminution  in,  1149  n. 
of  homestead,  diminution  in,  1149  n. 
enhanced,  1162. 
market,  difference  in,  1163. 
depreciation  in,  1163. 
market,  depreciation  in,  1164. 
of  particular  portion,  11656. 
rental,  loss  of,  1165c. 

in  condemnation  proceedings,  elements  of,  1171. 
elements  of,  1171. 
test  of  element  of,  1171. 
market,  enhancement  of,  1171. 
rental,  1171c, 
market,  rule  of,  1171c. 
cash,  definition  of,  1171(2. 
market,  what  is,  1171e. 
market,  land  without,  1171e. 
market,  without  improvement,  1171e. 
includes  franchises,  1173. 
additional,  due  to  connections,  1173. 
as  affected  by  previous  entry,  1174. 
enhanced,  compensation  based  on,  1174. 
enhanced,  when  allowed,  1176. 
enhancement  of,  by  private  road,  1178. 
market,  implies  non-compulsory  sales,  1179. 
II. — Fob  What  PrraposE 

special,  for  a  particular  use,  252. 

possible  future  use,  253. 
actual,  includes  potential,  1085. 
of  lands  for  all  profitable  uses,  1085. 
of  tract  for  any  purpose,  11496. 
for  legitimate  purposes,  1171a. 
for  special  purpose,  11716. 
for  special  use,  252,  531,  1018. 
for  unlawful  use,  1171a. 
potential,  included  in  actual,  1085. 
includes  every  possible  use,  1171. 
does  not  mean  value  for  railroad  purposes,  1171. 
sellmg,  1101,  1164. 
to  owner,  1081,  1171e. 
peculiar,  to  the  owner,  251. 
sentimental,  pretium  affectionis,  251a. 
of  land  as  abutment  for  bridge,  1171e. 


INDEX  3387. 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n,  means  note.] 

YALUE— Continued. 

for  bridge  site,  1171e. 

for  buildings,  1171b. 

for  church  purposes,  11716. 
for  city  lots,  11716. 
for  purpose  of  condemnation,  1171e. 
for  farm,  11716. 
market,  for  franchises,  inid. 
of  lots  for  market  gardening,  11716. 
of  property  for  power  house,  11716. 
for  railroad  purposes,  1171,  1171e. 
of  property  as  "reservoir  site,"  1171e. 
actual,  forresidential  purposes,  1171c. 
of  land  for  school  piu:poses,  1081. 
for  sale,  1101,  1164. 
of  land  for  track  connection,  11716. 
III. — Value  op  Particular  Things 
affidavits,  531. 
antique  paintings,  822  n. 
I         bank  shares,  1171<i. 
bills,  256,  695. 
board,  1304. 
bonds,  257. 
buUding,  998,  1168,  11716,  1302. 

in  situ,  d.  for,  936a. 
cargo,  596,  712,  714,  717. 

at  the  place,  175. 
chattels,  433. 
checks,  256. 
chose  in  action,  256. 
clothing,  251,  873. 
construction,  1302. 
contract  right,  609. 
corporate  stock,  257. 
crop,  633e. 

growing,  434,  937. 

mature,  191. 

immature,  937. 

whether  conjectural,  768. 
custody,  553,  554. 
documents,  261. 
farm  land,  1163. 
fence,  531,  938. 
fixtures,  254a,  433,  944,  990a. 
foreign  money,  273-275. 
franchise,  mid,  1173. 
freight,  712,  713. 

future  accumulations,  to  be  estimated  as  of  time  of  verdict,  574o. 
game-cocks,  432a. 
good-will,  254,  1083. 


3388  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

VALUE — Continued. 

goods,  how  determined,  495. 

where  to  be  estimated,  496. 

when  to  be  estimated,  497. 

bearing  of  cost  of  replacement  upon,  735a. 

in  replevin,  when  to  be  estimated.  533. 

carried,  what  is,  844. 

failure  to  disclose,  844. 
limitation  of,  851. 

injured  by  carrier,  time  of  estimating,  852. 

lost  by  carrier,  place  of  estimating,  845,  846. 
when  to  be  estimated,  847. 

manufactured,  recoverable  on  breach  of  contract  to  take,  752 

Bold,  when  estimated,  737. 
where  to  be  taken,  738. 
gown,  8736. 
grates,  998. 
gravel,  1166c. 
guano,  596. 
half-breed  scrip,  531. 
homestead,  1171c. 
household  goods,  251. 
ice,  9356. 

illegal  and  noxious  property,  265. 
information,  892. 

labor  and  materials,  effect  of  fluctuation  in,  during  performance  of  con- 
tract, 636j,  636m. 
land,  253,  1018,  1080,  1162. 

subject  to  easement  or  other  hindrance  to  use,  243c. 

decrease  in,  pending  appeal,  688a. 

negligent  report  by  agent  as  to,  829. 

for  all  profitable  uses,  1085. 

as  damaged,  1175. 
lease,  1157. 
life,  263. 

not  calculable  in  money,  729. 
machinery,  531,  640. 
mantels,  998. 
medical  Berenices,  171a,  n. 
mill-site,  1018. 
money,  264,  266  et  seq. 
municipal  bond,  257. 
notes,  256,  695. 
noxious  property,  265. 
paintings,  822  n. 
patent  rights.    See  Patents. 

premises,  recovery  for  diminution  of,  by  nuisance,  948. 
policy  of  insurance,  259,  623,  730. 
portrait,  251a. 
property  by  what  affected,  1151. 


INDEX  3389 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

VALUE— Cmtinued. 

in  process  of  manufacture,  248. 

converted,  495-499. 

severed  from  the  freehold,  500-504.    See  Severance  prom  Free- 

HOIJ>. 

replevied,  531. 

recoverable  on  replevin  bond,  689a. 
when  estimated  on  replevin  bond,  690. 

wrongfully  attached,  565. 

when  taken  in  action  on  attachment  bond,  682. 

lost  by  fire,  722. 

insured,  722. 
reservoir,  1080. 

reversionary  interest,  1084,  1085. 
sealed  instruments,  260. 
securities,  258. 
services,  255,  1303. 

immaterial  where  contract  fixes  price,  664. 
shares  of  stock,  257,  1171d. 
sheep,  170a,  n. 
sleigh,  1302, 
stone,  1166c. 
streams,  1085. 
time,  255. 

of  a  business  man,  181. 

lost  by  delay  in  transporting  passenger,  863. 
title  deeds,  262. 
use,  196. 

of  land,  685a,  999e. 

mesne  profits  measured  by,  907,  908. 

allowance  for,  during  period  of  delay  in  conveying,  1021a. 

of  leased  premises,  984,  988. 

of  machine,  735c. 

of  premises,  908,  948. 

of  property,  537,  742. 

of  road,  187. 

of  vessel  or  vehicle,  243b. 
vessel,  595,  712,  717. 
vouchers  and  affidavits,  531. 
wild  land,  1163. 
yam,  534. 
IV. — ^Evidence  and  Proof 

how  determined,  245,  433,  495. 
market,  how  to  be  proven,  1171e. 
found  by  jury  without  evidence,  1171o. 
evidence  of,  495. 
rental,  evidence  of,  1171o. 
presumption  of.    See  Presumption. 
of  services,  evidence  of,  664a. 

cost  as  evidence  of,  6556. 


S390  Index 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  meafis  note.] 

VALUE — Cmtinued. 

of  wife,  may  be  fomid  by  jury  on  own  knowledge,  486a. 

opinions  on,  1171c,  1294. 

of  land,  evidence  of,  1295. 

of  lease,  evidence  of,  1295. 

of  chattels,  1296. 

evidence  of  average,  1296. 

price  received  at  auction  as  evidence  of,  762. 

offer  to  sell  as  evidence  of,  1299. 

sale,  1298. 

resale,  7356,  1018. 

price  lists,  1299. 

market  quotations,  1299. 

inventories  and  appraisals,  1299. 

presumption  as  to,  1300. 

estoppel  as  to,  1301. 

of  construction,  evidence  of,  1302. 

of  services,  1303. 

of  board  and  care,  1304. 

of  business,  1304. 
VALUED  POLICY  of  marine  insurance,  711,  713. 

none,  of  fire  insurance,  720. 

of  insurance  against  fire,  722a. 

life  insurance  is,  729. 
VAPORS,  noxious  and  offensive,  1166(i. 
VARNISH,  d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of,  766. 
VASES,  value  of,  822  n. 

VAT,  d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  construct,  614  n. 
VEHICLE,  jumping  from,  causing  injury,  43ft,. «. 
VENDEE.   jSee  Sales  op  Chattels. 

entitled  to  full  d.  under  contract  of  purchase,  70. 

recovery  by,  79. 

in  possession  sues  a  stranger,  80a. 

in  possession,  recovery  by,  on  fire  policy,  725. 

liability  of,  for  go'ods  partly  delivered,  734,  743. 

need  not  replace  himself  in  market,  741. 

of  goods,  failure  of,  to  complete  .purchase,  753  et  seq, 

notice  of  non-performance  by,  ineffectual,  758. 

of  land,  recovery  by,  927. 

measure  of  d.  against,  1023  et  seq. 
d.  against,  for  failure  to  take  title,  1023. 
VENDOR,  no  recovery  for  injury  to  freehold  by,  70. 

of  land,  recovery  by  unpaid,  on  policy  of  insurance,  725, 
from  what  time  entitled  to  mesne  profits,  912. 
measure  of  d.  against,  1001  et  seq.    See  Sales  op  Land. 
on  failiu-e  of  title  liable  only  for  nominal  d.,  1001-1011. 
unless  he  knows  that  he  has  no  title,  1011. 
or  is  guilty  of  misconduct  or  fraud,  1009,  1010. 
where  breach  is  not  caused  by  defect  in  title,  1007. 
where  he  expressly  contracts  for  good  title,  1008, 


INDEX  339i 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  nieans  note,] 
VENDOR— Continued. 

where  consideration  is  advanced,  1014, 

actions  by,  1023  et  seq. 

recovery  of  expenses  by,  1025. 

of  chattels,  d.  against,  734  et  seq. 

market  value  measures  d.  against,  734. 
VENDOR'S  LIEN,  recoupment  in  action  to  enforce,  1052. 
VERBAL  notice,  allowed  to  change  the  rule  of,  160. 
VERDICT  does  not  create  right  to  d.,  5. 
interest  on  before  judgment,  335. 
for  exemplary  d.,  on  what  grounds  set  aside,  388. 
only  one,  against  joint  tort-feasors,  431. 
excessive,  in  statutory  action  for  death,  582. 
right  of  resale  of,  where  price  not  paid,  755. 
mesne  profits  recoverable  to  time  of,  913. 
recoupment  after,  1075. 
in  excess  of  amount  due,  1259. 
plaintiff  may  remit  excess  when,  1259. 
cannot  be  increased  by  award,  1281. 
form  of,  in  action  for  money,  1283. 
form  of,  1284. 

evidence  of  amount  of  former,  1308. 
formerly  found  on  jurors'  knowledge,  1316. 
against  weight  of  testimony,  1319. 
founded  on  conflicting  testimony,  1319. 
modifications  of,  1319. 
perverse,  1319. 

based  on  erroneous  measure  of  d.,  1323. 
allowable  methods  of  arriving  at,  1324. 
power  of  court  to  set  aside  as  excessive,  1325^. 
motion  to  set  aside,  how  made,  1329. 
remission  of  excess  of,  1330. 
may  be  set  aside  as  inadequate,  1368. 
VERMONT,  rule  in,  for  interest  on  judgment,  334. 

recovery  on  contract  in,  after  abandonment  of  performance,  661. 
rule  in,  for  recoveiy  by  infant  after  repudiation  of  contract,  663. 
recovery  of  higher  intermediate  value  of  goods  sold,  745,  746. 
rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  warranty,  962. 
for  failure  to  take  title  to  land,  1023. 
constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
VESSEL,  arrested,  35. 

injured  by  fire,  67a. 

contract  to  supply  rigging  for,  157. 

failure  to  furnish,  194. 

loss  of  use  of,  196. 

partially  completed,  contract  to  build,  205  n. 

avoidable  consequences  on  failure  to  furnish  freight  for,  211, 

d.  for  injury  to,  214. 

d.  for  wrongful  libel  upon,  214. 

expense  of  raising  and  repairing,  22Qd. 


3392  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d,  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

VESSEL— Continued. 

value  of,  2436,  595. 

value  of  stranded,  246. 

value  of  use  of,  593. 

d.  for  false  representations  as  to  age  of,  441. 

d.  for  converting,  before  completion,  499. 

sharing  of  loss,  from  collision,  587. 

expenses  of  raising,  in  admiralty,  589. 

d.  for  failure  to  provide  cargo  for,  608. 

profits  of  contract  to  construct,  614  n. 

breach  of  contract  to  insure,  623. 

subject  of  marine  insurance,  709. 

recovery  for  injmy  to,  on  marine  policy,  714. 

valuation  of,  for  general  average,  717. 

one  of  the  interests  in  jeopardy  on  voyage,  717 

contribution  of,  to  general  average,  717. 

d.  for  fraud  in  sale  of,  777. 

d.  for  delay  in  lading  or  unlading,  851,  857. 
VEXATION,  no  compensation  for,  42. 

without  physical  inconvenience,  no  recovery  for,  46a. 

for  loss  of  thing  expected,  46o. 

d.  not  recoverable  for,  against  telegraph  company,  894d. 
VEXATIOUS  SUIT,   no   recovery  for,  in   cases   of   contract,  beyond  costs, 

232. 
VEXATIOUSLY  WITHHELD,  interest  on  money,  294. 
VIADUCT  in  street,  1115. 

building  of,  1121  n. 

building  approach  to,  across  street,  1109  n. 

impairing  access,  1121. 
VIBRATION,  d.  from,  1121,  1123  n.,  1165a. 

caused  by  passing  trains,  1098. 

during  construction,  1098. 

from  operation  of  railroad,  1120,  1123. 
VIEW,  obstruction  of,  1121,  1165. 
VINDICTIVE  DAMAGES.    See  Exemplary  Damages. 
VINES,  breach  of  contract  to  plant  on  land,  620  n. 
VIRGINIA,  rule  in,  for  d.  on  breach  of  covenant  of  warranty,  959. 
for  failure  to  convey  land,  1009. 

constitution  on  d.  to  property,  1123. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 
VIVA  PECUNIA,  10. 

VOID  CONTRACT,  recovery  for  Ber\ices  rendered  under,  673c. 
VOLUNTARY  agents,  812. 

service,  recovery  for,  673d. 
VOTE,  d.  for  refusal  to  accept,  562. 
VOUCHER,  value  of,  261. 
VOYAGE,  WHALING,  loss  of  profits  of,  193. 

WAGER  OF  LAW,  trial  by,  16. 

when  abolished  in  England,  16  n. 


.    INDEX  3393 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage)  n.  means  note.] 
WAGES,  action  for,  90,  106,  665. 

average  earnings  expressed  in,  180. 

forfeiture  of,  on  leaving  without  notice,  whether  a  penalty,  407. 

recovery  for  loss  of,  in  admiralty,  589. 

necessarily  paid  during  delay  in  construction,  642. 

how  far  recoverable  after  breach  of  contract  of  emplojTiient,  665. 

forfeiture  of,  by  leaving  employment,  668. 
for  improper  service,  674. 

paid  on  account  of  injunction,  recovery  of,  685e. 

of  crew  during  repairs,  not  included  in  estimating  constructive  total  loss, 
711. 

payment  of,  during  disability,  does  not  diminish  recovery  on  accident 
policy,  731. 

compensation  for  loss  of,  through  failure  to  transport  goods,  843. 

recoupment  in  action  for,  1042,  1064,  1066. 
WAGONS,  value  of,  251. 
WAIVER  of  full  performance  of  contract,  636. 

of  tort,  recovery  upon,  654. 

of  delivery  of  goods,  742. 
consequences  of,  743. 
WALL,  contract  to  build,  209,  631,  647c,  n.,  993. 

d.  by  falling,  whether  recoverable,  on  insurance  policy,  723a. 

d.  for  allowing  to  overhang,  944. 

brick,  falling  of,  1164. 
WALLPAPER,  sale  of,  182o,  n. 
WANTON  WRONG,  exemplary  d.  for,  363. 
WANTONNESS,  exemplary  d.  for,  366. 
WAR,  when  payment  of  interest  suspended  by,  340c. 

delivery  of  goods  prevented  by,  847. 
WARD,  when  entitled  to  interest,  311d. 

expense  of  maintaining,  whether  deducted  from  recovery  on  guardian's 
bond,  692A;. 
WAREHOUSE,  affecting  light  of,  1104. 

facilities  of,  11716. 
WAREHOUSE  RECEIPTS,  time  when  value  of,  should  be  taken  in  action  of 
trover,  509. 

fraudulently  issued,  recovery  on,  703. 
WAREHOUSEMAN,  recovery  by,  76,  79. 
on  policy  of  insurance,  725. 

recoupment  in  action  by,  1066. 
WARRANT  of  government  for  payment  of  money,  interest  upon  after  present* 
ment,  302  n. 

for  payment  of  public  debt,  interest  upon,  337. 

for  interest,  interest  upon,  346. 

d.  for  detention  of  county,  539. 

d.  on  bond  for  failure  to  cancel,  692/. 
WARRANTED  seed,  191. 
WARRANTIA  CHARTAi,  952,  957. 
WARRANTS,  GENERAL,  liberal  d.  m  actions  arising  from,  350. 

213 


3394  INDEX 

[References  are  to  Sections,  d.  means  damage)  n.  means  note.] 

WARRANTY  of  authority,  d.  in  action  for,  836. 

See  Covenant,  226e. 
WARRANTY  OF  CHATTEL,  759  et  seq. 
I. — In  General 

remedy  on  breach  of,  759. 

price  paid,  how  far  material  on  breach  of,  760,  761,  762. 
old  rule  as  to,  760. 
Louisiana  law  as  to,  762. 
measure  of  d.  on  breach  of,  761,  762. 
on  exchange  of  property,  762. 
avoidable  consequences  on  breach  of,  764. 
communication  of  disease  by  breach  of,  769. 
,  recovery  of  expenses  caused  by  breach  of,  772. 
effect  of  notice,  773. 

whether  rule  of  d.  on,  differs  from  that  in  case  of  fraud,  781. 
recoupment  for  breach  of,  1038,  1039,  1060,  1071. 
consequential  d.  on  breach  of,  162,  765. 
loss  of  crop,  191. 
of  resale  on  breach  of,  762. 
of  sub-contract,  770. 
of  expenses  of  litigation,  238,  773. 
interest  on  breach  of,  312  n.,  316. 
of  value  of  chattel,  763. 
of  quantity  of  chattel,  763. 
of  fitness  for  purpose,  164a,  766. 
unfitness  for  purpose,  766. 
of  title,  774. 

that  a  certain  sum  is  due,  776. 
II. — Of  Pabticular  Things 

animals,  760,  761,  762,  765,  766,  769,  772. 

apples,  771. 

boiler,  765. 

bonds,  763. 

canal-boat,  765. 

carriage-poles,  765. 

coloring  matter  for  ice-cream,  766. 

cows,  762. 

flour,  761. 

goods  to  be  shipped  abroad,  762,  770. 

to  be  sold  at  a  distance,  771. 

recoupment  for  breach  of,  1060. 
of  horses,  760,  761,  773. 
hay,  765. 

indorsements,  775. 
iron,  770. 
machinery,  breach  of,  2126. 

avoidance  of  loss  by  purchase  of  more  effective,  2260. 
machines,  767. 

material  foT  manufacture,  199,  766. 
merchandise,  771. 


Index  3395 

(Reteenees  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

WARRANTY  OF  CHATTEL— Con/WMed. 

money  due  on  promissory  note,  776, 

oxen,  766. 

pianos,  770. 

picture,  773. 

pork,  764,  771. 

refrigerator,  766. 

seed,  191,  768. 

sheep,  765. 

slaves,  765,  772. 

stock,  763. 

tobacco,  762. 

varnish,  766. 
WARRANTY  OF  LAND,  the  ancient,  952. 

covenant  of,  20.5',  953. 

nominal  d.  for  breach  of,  953,  976. 

what  constitutes  breach  of,  956. 

actual  loss  necessary,  956. 

right  complete  on  eviction,  956. 

constructive  eviction,  956.   , 

proof  of  breach  of,  149. 

recovery  of  consideration,  957,  961. 
>'   improvements,  whether  excluded,  958,  959,  963  n.,  964  n. 

good  faith  required,  960. 

action  by  assignee,  961, 

recovery  of  value  in  England  and  New  England,  962. 

general  considerations  of  the  rules,  963. 

consideration,  how  proved,  964. 
parol  proof  of,  964. 

reduction  of  d.  by  after-acquired  title,  978. 

reasonable  expenses  of  perfecting  title,  979,  980. 
of  prior  litigation,  238. 

interest,  981. 

expenses  of  obtaining  or  defending  possession,  982,  983. 

recovery  for  loss  suffered  after  suit  begins,  86a. 

interest  in  action  for  breach  of,  316. 

recoupment  for  breach  of,  1053. 
WASHING  away  alluvial  deposits,  1120. 
WASHINGTON,  no  exemplary  d.  in,  at  common  law,  358. 

tenant  holding  over,  pays  double  d.  in,  999/. 

meaning  of  "damaged"  in,  1123. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1143a. 
WASTE,  material  left  on  hand,  should  not  be  left  to,  213. 

interest  in  actions  of,  316. 

liquidated  d.  on  breach  of  bond  against,  395. 

caused  by  repudiation  of  contract,  may  be  recovered,  636a. 
'  recovery  for,  on  injunction  bond,  685a. 

of  land  pending  appeal,  688a. 

d.  for,  in  action  for  mesne  profits,  910, 

action  of,  950. 


3396  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  danaage;  n.  means  note.] 

WASTE— Continued. 

d.  in  action  in  the  nature  of,  950. 
forfeiture  of  land  for,  950. 
treble  d.  for,  950. 
WASTE  LAND,  reclaiming  is  special  benefit,  1130. 
WATCH,  whether  baggage,  873  n. 

d.  for  breach  of  warranty  of  land  given  for,  965. 
WATER,  d.  for  diversion  of,  56,  99  n.,  189,  940,  941,  1107. 

nominal  d.  for,  100. 

interest  in  action  for  diverting,  31j6. 
accumulating,  prevented  from  flowing  off,  98. 
d.  for  obstruction  of,  189,  941. 
for  irrigation,  failure  to  supply,  205  n. 
injury  to  land  by,  2146. 

offer  to  supply  after  wrongful  cutting  out,  222. 
cost  of  pumping  off,  226d,  n. 
litigation  expenses  in  actions  for  setting  back,  233. 
d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  supply,  618  w.,  620  n. 

for  irrigation,  620  n.,  633e. 

for  making  ice,  999. 
breach  of  contract  not  to  furnish  in  competition,  632. 
d.  on  injvmction  bond  for  loss  of,  685c. 

recovery  of  expense  of  keeping  mine  clear  of,  on  injimction  bond,  685e. 
insurer  liable  for  d.  by,  723a. 
d.  by,  from  negligence  of  landlord,  990. 
intercepted  from  well,  1091. 
diminution  in  flow  of,  1096. 
underground,  interference  with,  1096. 
interference  with  flow  of,  1096. 
of  great  ponds,  taking  of,  1119. 
percolating,  cutting  off  from  spring,  1120  n. 
diminution  in  value  of,  1149  n. 
cutting  off  of,  1164. 
increased  liability  to  overflow  of,  1164. 
separation  of  grazing  land  from,  1165. 
taking  land  containing  spring  of,  1165. 
stagnant  pools  of,  1165. 
causing  sickness,  35  n. 
sewage,  1166d. 
surface,  1166d. 

escape  of,  prevented,  1116  n. 

throwing  on  property,  1117  n. 

d.  from,  1123. 

turning  on  land,  1123  n. 

obstruction  to,  1165. 

preventing  flow  of,  1166d. 
WATER  COMPANY,  no  recovery  for  mental  suffering  for  failure  by,  to  furnish 

water,  45o. 
WATER  COURSE,  obstruction  of,  85c. 

cannot  show  later  removal  of  obstruction,  66. 


INDEX  3397 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

WATER  COURSE— Coreiwued. 

diverting  or  polluting  of,  91. 

d.  after  writ  for  diverting  or  polluting,  91. 
for  obstructing,  93. 

overflowing  of,  99  n. 

avoidable  consequences  on  obstruction  of,  214. 

d.  for  diversion  or  obstruction  of,  941. 
WATER  LEVEL,  raising,  on  land,  1116  n. 
WATER-PIPES,  bursting  of,  whether  cause  of  action,  33. 
WATER  POWER,  failure  to  supply,  189. 

d.  for  interference  with,  214. 

aid  in  development  of,  is  special  benefit,  1130. 

cost  of  substituting  steam  for,  1164. 

destruction  of,  1166d. 
WATER  PURPOSES,  land  taken  by  town  for,  11716. 
WATER-RIGHTS,  interference  with,  1120. 
WATER  WORKS,  d.  recoverable  for  failure  to  construct  properly,  608. 

breach  of  contract  to  build,  615  n.,  618  n. 

taking  of,  by  city  under  contract,  1173. 
WAY,  avoidable  consequences  of  obstruction  of,  215. 

substitution  of  another,  after  obstruction  of,  221a. 

reasonableness  of  avoiding  obstruction  of,  226to. 

bond  to  pay  for  right  of,  677. 

obstruction  of,  1116  n. 

laying  out  of,  1151  n. 

opening  new  road  across  right  of,  1167. 

laying  out  private  way  as  public,  1178. 
WEALTH  of  defendant,  exemplary  d.  aggravated  by,  385. 
cannot  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  584. 
in  action  for  seduction,  477. 
as  affecting  d.  for  criminal  conversation,  479. 
shown  in  action  for  breach  of  prpmise  of  marriage,  638. 

d.  for  libel  or  slander  aggravated  by,  445. 

d.  for  crim.  con.,  whether  aggravated  by,  480. 

of  plaintiff  does  not  aggravate  d.  for  libel  or  slander,  445. 

of  proprietor  of  newspaper  does  not  aggravate  d.,  445. 

of  parties,  d.  how  affected  by,  in  action  for  seduction,  475. 
affecting  d.  for  defamation,  445. 
does  not  affect  compensatory  d.,  490. 
as  affecting  exemplary  d.,  490. 

of  wife,  whether  admissible  in  action  for  criminal  conversation,  478. 

of  intended  husband,  compensation  for  loss  of,  638. 

d.  for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage  aggravated  by,  639. 
WEARING  APPAREL,  value  of,  251. 
WEATHER,  injury  by,  164. 

recovery  by  passenger  for  exposure  to,  867. 
WEIGHT  of  cattle,  compensation  for  shrinkage  in,  854. 
WELL,  plaintiff  to  be  employed  to  sink,  192. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  lease,  607  n. 
to  drive,  616  n. 


3398  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

WEllr-Continued. 

to  dig,  618  re.,  647c,  n. 
to  sink  useless,  619. 
by  tenant  to  drill,  999fc. 

water  abstracted  from,  1091. 

water  intercepted  from,  1091. 

draining  of,  1112o,  n.,  1119. 

destruction  of,  1120  n.,  70. 

flooding  of,  1166(2. 
WERE,  the  Anglo-Saxon,  9. 

assessed  in  money,  by  Ethelbert's  law,  10. 
WEST  VIRGINIA,  doctrine  of  exemplary  d.  in,  358. 

meaning  of  "damaged"  in,  1123. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1143a,  1144. 
WHARF,  value  of  land  for,  252  re. 

WHARFAGE,  charges  for  wharf  repairing  recoverable  in  admiralty,  589. 
WHARFINGER,  recovery  by,  on  policy  of  insurance,  725. 
WHEAT,  d.  for  conversion  of,  502. 

threshing  of,  164. 

neglect  of  agent  to  buy,  825. 

delay  in  transportation  of,  842. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver,  844. 

error  of  telegraph  company  in  transmitting  price  of,  885. 

d.  for  wrongful  harvesting,  9356. 

d.  for  breach  of  agreement  by  tenant  to  leave  growing,  999fc. 
WHEELWRIGHT  WORK,  contract  payable  in,  280. 
WHISKY,  value  of,  includes  taxes,  722. 
WHOLESALE  VALUE,  248(i,  722. 
WIDENING  the  street,  1102,  1151. 

WIDOW  cannot  recover  for  injury  to  health  in  statutory  action  for  death  of  hus- 
band, 673o. 

recovery  of  compensation  by,  for  loss  of  support  by  death  of  husband, 
678. 

presumption  of  loss  to,  in  action  for  death,  584o. 
WIFE,  made  ill  by  malicious  arrest,  43ff. 

delay  in  delivery  of  medicine  causing  suffering  of,  43^,  n. 

anxiety  caused  by  separation  from,  47  re. 

compensation  for  loss  of  society  of,  48. 

d.  for  loss  of  consortium  of  husband,  48. 

recovery  by,  for  loss  of  consortium,  48. 

in  possession  of  husband's  land  recovery  by,  for  injury  to  freehold,  70. 

death  of,  from  eating  caitned  salmon,  164a. 

evidence  of  services  of,  171a,  re. 

recovery  of  husband  for  loss  of  service  of,  214a. 

husband's  recovery  for  injury  to,  486a. 

after  recovery  for  his  own  personal  injury,  85c. 

recovery  by  husband  for  loss  of  services  of,  578. 

d.  for  alienation  of  affection  of,  480a. 

recovery  by,  for  impairment  of  earning  capacity,  486. 

recovery  by,  for  death  of  husband,  578. 


INDEX  3399 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

VflFB— Continued. 

np  recovery  for  loss  of  society  of,  in  statutory  action  for  death,  573o. 

separated  from  husband,  may  recover  for  his  death,  578. 

when  may  recover  expense  of  medical  aid,  226/. 

where  entitled  to  interest  on  money  used  by  husband,  305. 

exemplary  d.  for  harboring  or  enticing,  376. 

whether  husband  liable  in  exemplary  d.  for  tort  of,  382. 

personal  beauty  of,  cannot  be  shown  in  action  for  death,  580o,  n. 

d.  for  failure  to  deliver  message  announcing  sickness  or  death  of,  8945. 

verdict  for  enticing  away,  set  aside  as  excessive,  1328  n. 

See  Mabribd  WoMAif. 
WIGGLE8W0RTH  TABLES,  admissible  to  prove  duration  of  life,  1306. 
WILFUL  wrong,  exemplary  d.  for,  363. 

carrying  beyond  station,  372. 

trespass  by  cutting  trees,  d.  for,  934. 
WILD  LAND,  market  value  of,  1163. 

WIND,  recovery  on  injunction  bond  for  loss,  caused  by,  6855, 
WINE,  d.  for  sale  of,  below  authorized  price,  822. 
WIRE,  contract  to  barb,  608. 

d.  by  telephone,  1167  n. 
WISCONSIN,  rule  in,  where  trees  are  cut,  934o. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1148. 

remission  of  excess  of  verdict  in,  1330. 
WITE,  the  Anglo-Saxon,  9. 

not  to  be  confounded  with  toere,  9. 
WITNESS,  must  testify  to  facts,  1290. 

pedigree,  1290. 

handwriting,  1290. 

state  of  affections,  1290. 

insanity,  1290. 

not  to  opinion,  1290. 

opinion  of,  on  value  of  property,  llTle. 

trial  by,  17. 
WITNESS  FEES,  229  n. 

what  may  be  recovered  as,  229  n. 
WOMAN  PHYSICIAN,  value  of  services  found  by  jury,  171a. 
WOOD,  recoupment  in  action  for  price  of,  1047. 

contract  allowing  half,  193. 

d.  for  setting  fire  to,  214. 
WOOL,  d.  for,  on  lambs  dropped  by  converted  sheep,  498. 

clipped  from  sheep  converted,  recovery  for,  639. 

neglect  of  agent  to  sell,  824. 

d.  for  delay  in  delivery  of,  856a. 
WORK,  interest  on  price  of,  308a. 

interest  on  imliquidated  claim  for,  312. 

power  to,  41a. 

breach  of  contract  to  do,  2125. 

d.  for  breach  of  contract  to  do,  614  n.,  615  n.,  618. 

upon  contract,  should  be  stopped  upon  repudiation,  636c. 

d.  for  injunction  against  doing,  685d. 


3400  INDEX 

[References  are  to  sections,  d.  means  damage;  n.  means  note.] 

WORK— Conimi^ed. 

d.  for  increased  cost  of  doing,  caused  by  injunction,  6$5f2. 

d.  for  interruption  of,  by  injunction,  685/. 

public,  negligently  done,  95. 

outside  contract,  recovery  for,  655. 
WORK  AND  LABOR,  interest  on  money  due  for,  308o. 

recovery  for,  653. 

debt  the  early  action  for,  675a. 
WORKMANSHIP,  recoupment  for  defective,  1067. 
WORKMEN,  failure  to  get  money  demanded  by,  153a. 

d.  for  lost  services  of,  by  injunction,  685(i. 
WORKMEN'S  COMPENSATION  ACT,  675o. 
WORKS,  public,  statutes  authorizing,  1077. 

sewage,  taking  of  lands  for,  1102. 
WORLDLY  POSITION,  compensation  for  prevention  from,  50. 
WORRY,  over  injury,  47  n. 

caused  by  separation  from  baggage,  47  n. 
WOUNDED  PRIDE,  compensation  for,  47. 

on  breach  of  promise  of  marriage,  637,  6386. 
WOUNDS  may  be  shown  to  jury,  1309. 
WRECK,  reduction  of  loss  by,  218. 

expense  of  viewing,  in  admiralty,  589. 
WRIST,  excessive  d.  for  breaking,  1349. 
WRIT,  d.  accruing  after  date  of.    See  Pkospective  Damages. 

interest  allowed  at  least  from  date  of,  317. 

valuation  of  property  in,  532. 

of  error,  interest  pending  proceedings  upon,  336. 
WRITS,  classification  of,  by  Lord  Coke,  96  n. 
WRONG,  d.  inferred  from  fact  of,  7. 

plaintiff  need  not  anticipate,  224. 

party  need  not  be  called  on  to  commit  in  avoiding  consequences,  225. 

exemplary  d.  for  wilful  or  wanton,  363. 
WRONGDOERS,  responsibility  for  entire  d.  on,  36a. 

apportionment  of  d.  between,  36a. 

joint.    See  Joint  Wbong  Doers. 
WRONGFUL  act  outside  statute,  1100. 
WYOMING,  doctrine  of  exemplary  d.  in,  359. 

constitutional  provisions  as  to  benefits  in,  1145. 

YACHT,  loss  of  use  of,  196. 

value  of,  243a. 

valuation  of,  in  contract,  420o. 
alue  of,  in  replevin,  534. 
YARD,  switching,  d.  to,  1121  n. 

street  across  raiboad,  1152a. 
YARN,  d.  for  conversion  of,  499. 
YEARS,  tenant  for,  may  recover  compensation  in  eminent  domain  proceedings, 

1154a. 
YIELD  of  crops,  1149  n. 

net,  of  city  property,  1179.