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lew York anfl the Warwitli Spain
HISTORY
OF THE
EMPIRE STATE REGIMENTS
Published under the Direction of the State Historian
AI,BANY :
THE ARGUS COMPANY, PRINTERS
1903
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
Preservation of Kecords S
Our State Flags 3
Preservation of Historical Structures -. 4
The Sword of Washingfton in the State Library 5-9
New York in the Spanish War 9-305
History of the First Regiment, New York Volunteers 17-44
History of the Second Eegriment, New York. Volunteers 45-82
History of the Third Kegiment, New York Volunteers 83-137
History of the Sixty-ninth Eegiment, New York Volunteers 128-151
History of the Seventy-first Kegiment, New York Volunteers .... 153-305
Gallantry of a New York Naval Officer 306-313
Newspaper Correspondents and the War 314-318
Index . , 319-439
ILLUSTRATIONS.
I. Governor Frank 8. Black Frontispiece
Oprosm PAoa
n. General Thomas H. Barber 18
in. Field Officers, First Regiment 84
IV. The First Regiment, New York Volunteers Raising the First
American Flag at Honolulu 23
V. Departure of the Tenth Battalion from Albany 30
VT. First Regiment — Evening Parade 34
VII. First Regiment Camp at Honolulu 38
VIII. Colonel Edward E. Hardin 46
IX. Colonel James H. Lloyd 70
X. General Edward Morris Hoffman 84
XI. Field Officers, Third Regiment 98
XII. Camps, Third Regiment 104
Xin. Field and Staff, Third Regiment 120
XIV. Colonel Arthur MacArthur 150
XV. Colonel Wallace Abel Downs 178
XVI. Henry L. Stoddard 194
XVn. Henry "S. Brovra 226
XVIII. The Sommers N. Smith 316
State of New York
No. 68.
IN ASSEMBLY,
April 18, 1903.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
STATE HISTORIAN
STATE CAPITOL,
Albany, N. Y., April 17, 1903.
Hon. S. Fred. Nixon, Speaker of the AssetnbVy, State of New
York:
Sir. — I have the honor herewith to enclose the Annual Report
of the State Historian.
Respectfully yours,
HUGH HASTINGS,
State Historian.
PRESERVATION OF RECORDS.
The matter of preservation of local records has lately been
extensively considered by persons and societies interested in
this important subject. The neglect with which priceless records
have been treated and abused in certain towns and counties has
long been a notorious disgrace. Many custodians have shown
utter indifference to the sacred character of the trust reposed
in them while others without a shadow of right have wantonly
destroyed documents of the most valuable character. A systematic
investigation lately pursued under private sources has brought
to light a condition of affairs that calls for legislative coopera-
tion and legislative remedy. A bill has been introduced into
your honorable body which proposes to change the title of the
ofBoe of State Historian to that of State Record Commissioner.
In the preparation of the bill or in the proposed change of title,
the head of this department was not consulted. The bill was
submitted and with the exception of two minor details was
approved by this department under the general policy to
cooperate in the development of any plan or proposition
that tended to promote greater care in the preservation
of oflScial records, State, county, city or town. Considered
in committee of General LaAvs of the Assembly and Finance of
the Senate, opposition developed against the bill mainly because
of the radical determination to change the title of a State de-
partment that had been in existence for eight years and because
of the apprehension that the bill, if not in principle, in intention
at least, infringed upon the doctrine of home rule by permitting a
State Historian. 3
State officer to invade the rights of local authorities. The matter
will no doubt be renewed next year. It is recommended that the
Record Commissioner should be attached to the oflQce of Secretary
of State, the constitutional keeper of State archives, rather than
to this department, which, is not an office of record, and which
was originally created for purposes radically different from those
suggested by the Record Commission bill.
OUR STATE FLAGS.
The preservation of our State battle flags for all time to come
should appeal to the patriotism of every citizen. A battle tlag
is a sacred part of the history of a State and represents all that
is noble and self-sacrificing in human nature. European coun
tries preserve their battle scarred standards by mounting each on
wire to insure their pi-eservatiou as long as the county endures.
We have been satisfied to herd our flags together in a con-
glomerate mass in air tight compartments which time has shown
to be most fatal to the life of emblems of this character, instead
of arranging each flag by itself with a distinct and suitable in
scription underneath, detailing its history and the battles in
which it took part. Again, standards that should have been
placed in the Capitol are permitted to remain in the hands of
private individuals and societies, until it has been discovered that
a number of regimental organizations that served during the war
of the Rebellion are not represented in the collection of flags in
the State Capitol. This would seem to be not only an act of in-
justice to the organizations themselves, but to the men who fought
under the colors, living and dead. The time has come when this
matter should receive the careful attention of every surviving
soldier of the war of the Rebellion who is at all interested in the
4 Annual Report of the
preservation of the standards which 1>elonged to the regiment or
organization with which he was connected during the trying days
from 1861 to 1865. The decimation among the veterans of the
war between the States is sorrowfully increasing from year to
year. The youngest man capable of bearing arms when hostilities
ceased, long ago passed his half century birthday. The sugges-
tion should not be ignored or delayed, but prompt and vigorous
investigation should be prosecuted for the purpose of collecting
all outstanding battle flags except those that have been disposed
of by legislative enactment, bringing them together under the
roof of the Capitol where they will remain undisturbed and as an
object lesson for future generations.
More generous provision should be ordered by the Legislature
for the care of the flags already possessed. Year by year under
the system with which they" are cared for by the State, these
precious relics are disintegrating and slowly crumbling to pieces.
PRESERVATION OP HISTORICAL STRUCTURES.
Nearly every year the Legislature is requested to .make an
appropriation for the purchase of an historical landmark. Some-
times these propositions contain merit, often are open to criti-
cism. The question of historical importance is in many cases
rendered subservient to the influence of the legislator having the
bill in charge. In consequence the State is exposed to the in-
justice of purchasing and maintaining structures whose value
is insignificant compared with others that for reasons that are
well understood never appear in the market. The possibilities
of abuses developing out of methods so ragged and unbusiness
like, are apparent at a glance. Options on property are easily
obtained but the price the State pays for the investment is rarely
State Historian. 5
the price of the option. Public sentiment in support of so praise-
worthy a purpose as the preservation of an historical structure
can be manufactured as a rule for the asking. Careful investi-
gation is regarded as superfluous. This threatened abuse can be
overcome in a simple manner through the medium of a State
Board of Historical Commissioners — two state oflBcers and the
president of the local historical society of the town or city in
which the property under consideration is situated — who shall
serve without compensation. All bills introduced into the legis-
lature for the purchase of historical dwellings or structures shall
be referred to this Commission, who shall make a report on the
advisability of buying or rejecting to the legislative committee
having charge of the bill.
THE SWORD OF WASHINGTON IN THE STATE LIBRARY
AND ITS HISTORY.
For years more or less discussion has occurred over the history
of the sword in the State Library in Albany that originally was
bequeathed by will by General Washington, to a relative. A
legend has drifted along from source unknown in effect that Baron
Steuben brought the sword from Frederick the Great and pre-
sented it to George Washington with a message from the " oldest
general in the world to the greatest." In the winter of 1902 when
Prince Henry of Prussia, brother of Emperor William, visited
Albany the sword was placed on exhibition in the Executive
Chamber and was handed by Governor Odell to the distinguished
caller. Prince Henry drew the sword from the scabbard and
vainly scrutinized it for a mai'k of identification to establish the
place where the weapon was manufactured. It is needless to
say that all marks had been obliterated by constant polishing;
6 Annual Report of the
even the color of the scabbard had been changed from its original
color white to -green. Those conversant with the subject have
averred that from its general appearance the sword was made at
Solingen, but whether it was a present from the greatest soldier
Prussia ever produced, is open to more or less skepticism. In the
attempt to determine the authenticity of the sword, under date
of March 27, 1902, a letter was sent to the Hon. Andrew D. White,
United States Embassj', Berlin, Germany, which read:
" State Historian's Office, Albany, N. Y.,
March 27th, 1903.
Hon. Andrew D. White, United States Embassy, Berlin,
Germany :
Sir. — ^As you no doubt have seen, considerable discussion has
been raised in certain of our American newspapers, over the
question whether Frederick the Great really gave to General
Washington the sword now on exhibition in the State Library
in this city. There is no direct proof to sustain the position
that Frederick the (ireat actually presented it, or that he did
not. The sword is supposed to have been received by Wash-
ington in 1780.
At the suggestion of several persons, among whom is included
Mr. Charles B. Miller, editor of the New York Times, I write to
ask if it be possible to institute an investigation among either
the financial or diplomatic archives, in order that this discussed
and uncertain question may be settled for all time. I am well
aware of the difficulties that even the American Ambassador
may encounter in the prosecution of this investigation, but I do
not know of a happier time than the present to carry it to a
fulfillment if it be possible.
Prince Ilenry handled the sword, which had been brought from
tlie State Library to the Executive Chamber, and looked in vain
for the name of the city where it was constructed.
I have the honor to forward you several newsi)aper clippings in
regard to the sword.
With assurances of the highest esteem, believe me to remain,
Yours very respectfully,
(Signed) HUGH HASTINGS,
State Historian."
State Historian. 7
In reply the subjoined was received on May 3, 1902:
" Embassy of the United States of America, Berlin, April 22, 1902.
Hugh Hastings, Esq., Albany, N. Y. :
My dear Sir. — Returning to Berlin, I open your letter of
March 27. It would give nie pleasure to be of use in the way you
suggest; but, with the time at my disposal and various duties
pressing upon me, and in view of the intricacy and difficulty
of such an investigation as that proposed, I should not feel at
liberty to undertake it without special instructions from the
Department of State.
Should any American scholar of proper standing be properly
accredited here for the purpose, it would give me pleasure to in-
troduce him in the right quarters and to do what I can to make
his quest successful.
I remain, dear Sir,
Very respectfully yours,
(Signed) AND. D. WHITE,
Ambassador."
In the meantime the Hon. John B. Jackson, who was the Sec-
retary of the American Embassy aud at that time Charg6
d'Affaires, in the absence of Mr. White, had sent the following:
" Embassy of the United States of America, Berlin, April 7, 1902.
Hon. Hugh Hastings, State Historian, Capitol, Albany, New
York :
Sir. — In the absence of Ambassador White, who is in Italy on
l('a\ e, I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 27th
ultimo, and to inform you that I have at once requested the
Geiiiian Foreign Office to cause an investigation to be made for
the purpose of ascei'taining whether or not Frederick the Great
ever presented a sword to General Washington. I shall gladly
inform you as to the nature of any reply which may be made to
this request.
I am, Sir, Your obedient servant,
(Signed) JOHN B. JACKSON,
Charge d'Affaires."
8 Annual Rbpoex oe' the
The then German Minister in Washington, Doctor A. von Hol-
lenben was interested in the subject and was presented through
this office with enlarged photographs of the sword and its reputed
history. Up to the present time nothing has been heard from Dr.
von Hollenben's investigation. Under date of June 26, 1902, Mr.
Jackson, whose eflEorts to cooperate with this Department in
establishing the identity of the sword were worthy of all com-
mendation, transmitted the accompanying communication:
" Embassy of the United States of America, Berlin, June 26, 1902.
Hon. Hugh Hastings, State Historian, Capitol, Albany, New
York :
Sir. — Eeferring to previous correspondence I have now to in-
foi-m you of the receipt of a note from the German Foreign Office,
in which it is stated that with r^ard to the — " angeregte Frage
einer Schenkung Friedrichs des Grossen an den General Wash-
ington eingehende Ermittelungen in den Koniglich IPreussischen
Staatsarchiven angeordnet worden sind, diese indess bisher zu
einem befriedigenden Ergebniss nicht gefiihrt haben." Transla-
tion — [" question submitted of a presentation by Frederick the
Great to General Washington, searching investigation in the
Royal Prussian State-archives has been ordered, this so far to a
satisfactory result has not led]."
Hoping that the Prussian authorities may still be able to find
out sojuething positive with regard to the reported gift, I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
(Signed) JOHN B. JACKSON,
Sec'y of Embassy."
Under date of September 23, 1902, Mr. Jackson wrote as
follows :
" Embassy of the United States of America, Berlin, September
23, 1902.
Hon. Hugh Ha,stings, State Historian, Capitol, Albany, New
York :
Sir. — Referring to my letter to you of June 26th last, M. No.
4425. I have now to inform vou that, to mv recret. +ha Wnwvi<rT.
State Historian. 9
OflSce states that no record can be found of the matter in ques-
tion,— the presentation of a sword to General Washington, by
Frederick the Great of Prussia. Consequently, I am afraid that
the tradition that such was the case, was not founded on fact.
I am. Sir, Your obedient servant,
(Signed) JOHN B. JACKSON,
Sec'y of Embassy."
And in the language of diplomacy the episode was closed.
NEW YORK ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SPANISH WAR.
At the outbreak of the Spanish War, profiting by the over-
sights of officers and remissness of subordinates who were respon-
sible for keeping the records of military organizations during the
War of the Rebellion, this Department forwarded to every
commanding officer of a New York Regiment and Troop a sug-
gestion to maintain a system of recording events as they occurred
from time to time. Old soldiei's of the War of the Rebellion will
recall the indifference of many volunteer commanding officers
to file reports even in the face of peremptory orders from head-
quarters. These omissions or faults were conspicuously in evi-
dence during the last two years of the war by the frequent
shifting of officers of high rank and because of the constant
fighting and marching to which the troops were exposed, leaving
officers responsible for the purely historical record of organiza-
tions but little time, inclination and material to perform this
necessary and important work.
When the last war — with Spain — occurred it was hoped that
a system would be established by which the true histories of
the New York organizations that went to the front would be
compiled in a manner creditable alike to the officers and men
who participated and suitable for posterity. Acting upon this
10 Annual Kepoet of the
idea this office sent to every regimental commander a copy of the
following communication :
Dear Sir.^ — By this mail I send you a chapter of the forth-
coming report of the State Historian on the subject of the cre-
ation of a recorder for every regiment of New York Volunteers.
Of course, no provision is made for such an office either by the
Military Code or by the Hull Military Bill. At the same time,
if you can see your way clear to have an itinerary prepared by
some one of your staff, or a diary kept, and to furnish this office
at the close of the campaign with a copy, you will confer a lasting
obligation upon yourself, your command and posterity.
In this way New York State ought to possess the fullest and
most trustworthy information relative to her brave sons who
have volunteered.
Trusting you may see your way clear to cooperate with this
office, I have the honor to remain.
Very sincerely yours,
HUGH HASTINGS,
State Historian.
In order to overcome any criticism that might arise from the
Federal authorities, the following paragraph was added :
Should your command go into action, if it be not inconsistent
with army regulations, I would earnestly beg of you to forward
to this office a copy of the report you make to the War Depart-
ment ; if it be not regarded as violation of army regulations, will
you send to this office a statement of the operations of your com-
mand, in order that future generations may know that the sons
of New York were present and performed their duty like soldiers?
During the War of the Eebellion many of the most gallant
organizations from New York never received just credit because
of the failure of commanding officers to make reports on engage-
ments in which their regiments participated. This appeal is
issued with a view to prevent, if possible, that drawback.
Subjoined is a copy of the communication which was sent from
this office to the commander of every organization that was
formed in the State of New York for service during the Spanish-
American war:
State Histoeian. 11
Sir. — A careful examination of the Official Records of the Re-
bellion discloses throughout a deplorable absence of detailed
information necessary to the complete history of the various vol-
unteer organizations that served throughout the War of the
Rebellion. This condition of afEaii;s can readily be understood —
through casualties to officers who kept regimental books, by the
capture, by death and wounds, and to the capture and destruction
of trains, army and railway, to the greenness of new officers and
by the negligence and indifference of commanders of regiments,
and especially of detachments. The valuable material thus lost,
so useful in perfecting the historical records of regiments, is
incalculable.
With a view of profiting by the errors of our last war, and of
establishing a system that would obviate in the futuS*e the loss of
such valuable material, and of insuring the perpetuation of every
detail of a regiment or detachment in the field, the following
proposition is submitted for whatever criticism you may see fit
to make:
Attached to every regiment shall be a commissioned officer
who shall be known as the Recorder of the Regiment; who shall
be under the general authority of the adjutant-general of the
army ; whose work shall be separate and distinct from that of the
adjutant of the regiment; who shall be a non-combatant; who
shall devote himself to preparing and keeping all records involv-
ing the movements of the regiment or any part thereof while in
the field; who shall forward direct to the adjutant-general daily,
or as frequently as events justify, all movements of the regiment
or detachments thereof, filing the name of the commanding officer
of the regiment, or of the detachment, with the number of men
actually engaged, or if a detachment the number carried with
the detail from every company or troop that constitutes such
detachment; who, before a regiment or a detachment goes into
action, shall personally learn the number of men to be engaged,
and at the close of said action shall compile a list of casualties,
by companies ;
He shall have such assistants, who shall also be non-combat-
ants, as, in the judgment of the adjutant-general, may be neces-
sary. Upon the termination of any engagement or skirmish, he
shall formulate a succinct report, without comment or recom-
mendations, except as to his own department, giving in each
case the name of the officer in command of the regiment or detach-
ment, the number of the brigade, division and corps to which the
regiment or detachment was attached, and the part said regiment
or detachment took, the said report to be indorsed by the com
niander of the regiment or detachment.
12 Annual Repokt of the State Historian.
The recorders of regiments and their assistants shall be care-
fully selected men, conspicuous for good penmanship and general
intelligence,, and shall be held to the strictest accountability for
accuracy of statement, particularly in the matter of dates, the
spelling of proper names and of oflficers, men, and geographical
places.
With great respect, I have the honor to remain, sir.
Yours very truly,
(Signed) HUGH HASTINGS,
State Historian.
A number of officers promptly acquiesced in the suggestion and
made the necessary detail for the purpose. Particular credit
should be given to Colonel, afterward General, Thomas H. Barber
of the First Regiment; Colonel Edward E. Hardin, now Major
Seventh Infantry, U. S. A., Colonel Second New York Volunteers ;
Colonel, afterwards General, Edward M. Hoffman, Colonel Third
New York; Colonel Edward Duffy of the Sixty-ninth New York;
General Francis V. Greene and Colonel Wallace A. Downs of the
Seventy-first Regiment. The reports prepared under the direction
of these officers are herewith subjoined.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
HUGH HASTINGS,
State Historian.
HISTORY OF FIRST REGIMENT
NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS
FIRST REGIMENT NEW YORK
VOLUNTEERS.
THOMAS H. BARBER, Colonel Commanding.
PAGE
Record 17-30
Letters in Regard to Duty in N. Y. Harbor 31
Telegram from General Wesley Merritt 32
Telegrams from Adjutant-General U. S. A. and General Otis
in Regard to Duty at Honolulu, H. 1 32-34
Report of Major Edward Field, Acting Inspector General
U. S. A 34-37
Report Civil Sanitary Commission at Honolulu 38-39
Military Records of Field Officers 39-44
FIRST REGIMENT, INFANTRY, NEW YORK
VOLUNTEERS.
In accordance with section 1, General Orders No. 8, General
Headquarters, S. N. Y., dated A. G. O. Albany, April 27th, 1898,
the Commanding Oflftcer of the Third Brigade, N. G., Brigadier
General Robert Shaw Oliver, ordered to organize 1?wo Regiments
from organizations of his Brigade, formed one of these two Regi-
ments of the Tenth, Twelfth and Seventeenth Battalions and the
44th Sep. Company of his Brigade, and designated it the " First
Regiment, National Guard, composed of organizations of the
Third Brigade." The Raiment thus organized consisted then of
Companies A, B, C and D of the Tenth Battalion, the 5th, 14th,
16th and 24th Separate Companies of the 12th Battalion, the 3d,
20th and 33rd Separate Companies of the 17th Battalion and the
44th Separate Company. It appearing that the 16th Separate
Company would find it difficult to recruit the required number
of men, it was relieved and replaced by the 15th Separate
Company.
The organizations above named were located at the time : Com-
panies A, B, C and D, Tenth Battalion, at Albany, the 3rd Sepa-
rate Company at Oneonta, the 5th Separate Company at New-
burgh, the 14th Separate Company at Kingston, the 15th Separate
Company at Poughkeepsie, the 20th Separate Company at Bing-
hamton, the 24th Separate Company at Middletown, the 33rd
Separate Company at Walton and the 44th Separate Company at
Utica.
18 Annual Eepoet of the
Upon the recommendation of the Brigade Commander, Greneral
Oliver, the Grovernor of the State, appointed on April 29th, 1898 :
General Thomas H. Barber, formerly Inspector General of the
State, Colonel, and Major Horatio Potter Staopole, Tenth Bat-
talion, Lieutenant-Colonel of this Regiment.
Pursuant to Special Orders, Nos. 70 and 72, dated Adjutant-
General's Ofilce, Albany, April 30th, and May 1st, respectively,
the organizations of which this regiment is composed left their
home stations in time to take trains for Camp Black at Hemp-
stead Plains, Long Island, as follows :
The 20th Separate Company at 11 p. m. May 1st; the 33rd
Separate Company at 12.15 a. m. May 2nd; the 24th Separate
Company at 3 a. m. May 2nd; the 3rd Separate Company at
3.55 a. m. May 2nd; the 44th Separate Company at 5.30 a. m.
May 2nd; the 10th Battalion at 8.30 a. m. May 2nd; the 15th
Separate Company at 9.30 a. m. May 2nd, and the 5th Separate
Company at 10.45 a. m. May 2nd, 1898.
At Camp Black the component parts of the regiment received
regimental company designations as follows : Companies A, B, C
and D, Tenth Battalion, became corresponding companies of the
regiment; the 44th Separate Company, Company E; the 33rd
Separate Company, . Company F; the 3rd Separate Company,
Company G; the 20th Separate Company, Company H; the 24th
Separate Company, Company I; the 15th Separate Company,
Company K; the 5th Separate Company, Company L, and the
14th Separate Company, Company M.
The medical examination of the ofScers and enlisted men de-
veloped the fact that a number of men could not be accepted, and
others were sent from the home stations of organizations to re-
place them.
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GENERAL THOMAS H. BARBER,
Colonel."First New York Volunteer Infantry.
BTATB JtllSTORIAN. XV
The regiment was mustered in the United States service and
became in accordance with General Orders No. 11, A. G. O., S.
N. Y., series 1898, the " First Regiment, Infantry, New York
Vols." May 20th, 1898, and remained at Camp Black until June
11th, 1898.
On the 6th of June, Colors were presented to the regiment by
Mr. Talbot Olyphant, representing the society of " The Sons of
the Kevolution " in presence of the Command and of a large
assemblage of citizens. The colors were formally accepted by
Colonel Barber with appropriate ceremonies.
Special Orders, No. 122, Headquarters, Department of the Bast,
dated June 7th, 1898, assigned the regiment to the following
stations: The Colonel, headquarters and two companies to Fort
Columbus, New York Harbor ; the Lieut.-Colonel, a Major ajid five
companies to Fort Hamilton, and a Major and five companies
to Fort Wadsworth, Staten Island.
June 11th, the regiment, except Company H, then in measles
quarantine, left Camp Black at noon, and the Colonel, regimental
headquarters, Major Scott, Assistant Surgeon Griffith, and Com-
pany G, proceeded from Long Island City in the Government boat
" General Meigs " to Fort Columbus.
Major Emmet and Assistant Surgeon Ashley, and Companies
A, B, C, D and F went in a government transport to Fort Wads-
worth, and Lieutenant-Colonel Stacpole, Major Chase, Surgeon
Davis, Chaplain Schwartz and Companies E, I, K, L and M
went in a government transport to Fort Hamilton.
June 15th, Company H joined headquarters at Fort
Columbus.
20 Annual Report of theI
The regiment performed the usual duties incident to occupa-
tion of garrisons, and received while at these garrisons 301
recruits.
July 7th, in accordance with Special Orders, No. 141, Head-
quarters, Department of the East, dated June 28th, 1898, the
Colonel with Headquarters and Companies G and H left
Fort Columbus, Lieutenant-Colonel Stacpole and Companies E,
I, K, L and M left Fort Hamilton and Major Emmet, with Com-
panies A, B, O, D and F left Fort Wadsworth and proceeded in
transports to Jersey City, pier 6, Erie Railroad. At 5 p. m. of
that day the regiment left Jersey City en route for San Fran-
cisco, via Erie Railroad, in four sections. The first section con-
sisted of one Pullman sleeper for the Colonel, Surgeon Davis, the
Adjutant and Quartermaster, and the offloers of Companies G, H,
I, K, L and M, nine tourist sleepers occupied by Companies I, K
and L ; the second section consisted of nine tourist sleepers occu-
pied by Companies G, H and M, in charge of Lieutenant Decker ;
the third section consisted of one Pullman sleeper, Lieutenant-
Colonel Stacpole, Majors Chase, Scott and Emmet, Assistant
Surgeon Grifflth, Chaplain Schwartz and the oflScers of Com-
panies A, B, C, D, E and F, and nine tourist sleepers, occupied
by Companies C, E and F; the fourth section consisted of nine
tourist cars occupied by Companies A, B and D, under charge of
Lieutenant Staats, accompanied by Assistant Surgeon Ashley
The baggage was carried in cars attached to each section.
July 8 at 10 p. m. to July 9 at 3 a. m. the regiment arrived at
and left Chicago, 111., the sections having been transferred to the
Chicago and North Western Railroad.
July 9th at 6 p. m. to July 10th at 4 a. m. the regiment arrived
at and left Omaha, Neb., on the Union Pacific Railroad, without
change of cars.
State Historian. 21
July 11th at 1 p. lu. to 10 p. m. the regiment arrived at and left
Ogden, Utah, on the Southern Pacific Railway.
July 13th at 3 and 11 a. m. the first and second sections of the
trains arrived at San Francisco, Cal., and the troops carried in
them proceeded to Camp Merritt. On the same day the regiment
was assigned to the First Brigade, Independent Division, Eighth
Army Corps.
July 14th, 8 a. m., the third and fourth sections arrived and the
troops joined these at Camp Merritt.
July 15th, at 8 a. m., on the representation of Col. Barber to
the Major-General Commanding, the regiment was moved to the
Presidio of San Francisco, the change being made owing to the
bad sanitary condition of its former camping ground.
July 29th, Colonel Barber, Quartermaster Winthrop and Assist-
ant Surgeon Griffith sailed from San Francisco on steamer
" St. Paul " for Honolulu in order to select a camp for the regi-
ment, assigned for garrison duty at Honolulu, and to choose a
site for the New Hawaiian Post. They arrived at Honolulu,
August 6th.
Colonel Barber was in command of the transport " St. Paul,"
having on board 850 officers and men of South Dakota, Colorado
and Minnesota troops en route to Manila.
August 5th, Companies I, K, L, M and C, commanded by Major
Chase, with Sergeant-Major Burton, Assistant Surgeon Ashley,
Hospital Steward Hogan, Hospital Corps, Privates Oowles,
Company H, and Rappe, Company B, left Camp Presidio, Cal.,
and boarded packet " Charles Nelson," bound for Honolulu, and
sailed August 6th.
August 14th at 6 p. m. the vessel arrived at Honolulu, and
August 15th they disembarked and established a temporary camp
upon the groimds of the race track, Kapiolani Park, about five
miles from Honolulu.
22 Annual Rbpoet of the
August 10th, Adjutant Strevell, Company E, and Second
Lieutenant Smith and 48 enlisted men of Company D embarked
on the steamer " Mariposa." The ship left San Francisco harbor
about 6 a. m., August 11, and arrived at Honolulu about 11 a. m.
August 17th ; the detachment aboard her disembarked and joined
the first detachment of Companies at the race track, Kapiolani
Park.
August 18th, Chaplain Karl Schwartz, Siurgeon Davis and
Companies F, G and H, under command of Captain U. A. Fergu-
son, Company G, boarded the steamship " Alliance " and sailed
at 4.30 p. m. arriving at Honolulu Harbor 11.30 a. m., and August
27th Companies F, G and H disembarked and camped upon the
" Irwin Tract " at the foot of Diamond Head, three or four
hundred yards from " race track " camp of the first two detach-
ments.
August 27th, 11 a. m., United States troopship " Scandia " left
San Francisco with the remainder of the regiment, consisting of
headquarters band, Lieutenant-Colonel Stacpole, Major Scott,
Major Emmet, Companies A, B, and the remainder of Company D,
and arrived at Honolulu, September 3rd, at 8.30 a. m. The
troops aboard her left and joined the regiment on the " Irwin
Tract." August 30th, camp of Companies C..E, I, K, L, M and
detachment of Company D, removed from race track grounds
to " Irwin Tract," upon which Companies F, G and H were
already encamped. This camp was named " Camp McKinley."
The camp site was chosen by a Board convened for the purpose,
consisting of officers of the 1st Regiment, New York Volun-
teers, and of the 2nd Regiment, Volunteer Engineers,
and approved by Colonel Barber. It was near the only
Ocean bathing beach on the Island and the reported site
State Historian. 23
of a proposed Sanitarium selected by the resident physicians
and in the immediate vicinity of the best residential quarter of
the Island. In addition it had shade in the Park, a drill and
parade ground on the race course, city water, and was accessible.
On the 12th of August, Colonel Barber, accompanied by Lieut.
Bronson Winthrop, 1st Lieut, and Surgeon L. T. GriflSth, both
of the 1st New York Volunteers, and Major William C. Langfitt,
2nd Regiment, Volunteer Engineers, represented the Army at the
Annexation ceremonies of transfer of the Hawaiian Islands to
the United States.
On the 28th of August Major-General Henry C. Merriam and
Brigadier-General Charles King arrived at Honolulu on the
" Arizona." On the 2nd of September General King was by
virtue of his rank placed in command of the District of Hawaii
by General Merriam. He was relieved on the 28th of October
when Colonel Barber again assumed command.
Owing to the prevalence of malarial and typhoid fever in the
command, it was deemed advisable to move the regiment to a
camp more remote from the unsanitary conditions of and in the
immediate vicinity of Honolulu, accordingly Company E was,
on October 22nd, moved to Waielae, on the north side of
" Diamond Head," about seven miles from Honolulu and three
miles from " Camp MoKinley." Company H was moved
October 27th and Companies A, B, C, D, P, G, I and L about
November 4th; Companies K and M on November 8th sailed to
" Hilo," Island of Hawaii, and from there made a march to the
Volcano of "Kilauea" and returned to "Camp McKinley" Nov.
27th; Company H started on a practice march October 5th
around the Island of " Oahu " returning to " Camp McKinley "
October 15th, having marched 92 miles.
24 Annual Rbpoet of the
The regiment was inspected in the end of November by Major
Edward Field, 3rd Artillery, Acting Inspector General, Depart-
ment of California. (Extracts from Major Field's Inspection
report will be found at the end of this report.)
The regiment having been ordered to San Francisco per Special
Orders No. 201, Headquarters Department of California, Colonel
Barber, Lieutenant Colonel Stacpole, Major Scott, Lieutenant
Strevell, Eegimental Adjutant, Lieutenant Winthrop, Regimental
Quartermaster and Companies A, B, D, I and L embarked for
San Francisco on the mail steamer "Australia " November 30th,
arrived at San Francisco December 6th and camped at the
Presidio. Major Emmet with Companies C, E, F and G em-
barked on mail steamer "Alameda" December 7th, arrived at
San Francisco December 14th and camped at the Presidio.
Major Sague with Companies H, K and M embarked on U. S.
hospital ship " Scandia " December 10th, arrived at San Fran-
cisco December 18th.
On December 15th, orders having been received directing the
regiment to return to its home station and there await muster
out of the Federal service. Colonel Barber, Lieutenant-Colonel
Stacpole, Major Emmet, Adjutant Strevell, Quartermaster Win-
throp and Assistant Surgeon Griffith with Companies A B D
and L left for New York, arriving December 22nd.
December 19th Major Scott with Companies C, E F and G
left for home station, arriving December 26th. December 20th
Major Sague with Companies H, K and M left San Francisco and
arrived at home station on December 27th.
Officers and men were given leave of absence and furlough till
February 26th, 1899, when the regiment was finally mustered out
of the service of the United States.
Lieut.-Col. Walter Scott. Major Robert t. Emmet.
Lieut.-Col. Horatio;p. Staopole.
Major James T. Chase. Major John K. Sague.
FIELD OFFICERS FIRST REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS.:
State Historian. 25
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS
At date of Muster Out of Regiment.
FIELD AND STAFF.
Colonel, Horatio Potter Stacpole.
Lieutenant-Colonel, Walter Scott.
Major, Robert Temple Emmet.
Major, John K. Sague.
Regimental Adjutant, Clarence Strevell.
Regimental Quartermaster, Bronson Winthrop.
Surgeon, Lewis Theopliilus Griffith.
Assistant Surgeon, Maurice Cavileer Ashley.
Chaplain, Karl Schwartz.
COMPANY' A.
Captain, Frank R. Palmer.
1st Lieut., Adrian W. Mather.
2nd Lieut., Howard U. McMillan.
CO.MPANY B.
Captain, William D. Mansou.
1st Lieut., Harry C. Staats.
2nd Lieut., Edward H. Burton.
COMPANY C.
Captain, James E. Roach.
1st Jjieut., Christopher Gresham.
2nd Lieut, Edward Oliver.
COMPANY D.
Captain, William B. Gracie.
1st Lieut., William F. Wheelock (acting battalion adjutant).
2nd Lieut., James E. Smith.
26 Annual Report of the
company e.
Captain, Arthur W. Pickard.
1st lieoit., Franklin T. Wood.
2nd Lieut., James E. Goodale (afterwards A. D. C. to Gen.
Clias. King).
COMPANY F.
Captain, James 0. Martin.
1st. Lieut., Charles H. Boice.
2nd Lieut., Arthur E. Oothoudt.
COMPANY G.
Captain, Ursil A. Ferguson.
1st Lieut., Hei'man A. Tucker.
2nd Lieut., Fred W. Boardman.
COMPANY H.
(^a plain, Charles H. Hitchcock.
1st Lieut., Harry P. Worthing.
2nd Lieut., Charles N. Hinman.
COMPANY I.
Captain, Amos E. Mclntyre.'
1st Lieut., Abraham L. Decker.
2nd Lieut., Albert E. Nickinson,
COMPANY K.
Captain, Wilbur Vossler.
1st. Lieut., Clarence Sague.
2nd Lieut., Lucius J. Slater.
COMPANY L.
Captain, James F. Sheehan.
1st Lieut., Alexander G. Baxter.
2nd Lieut., William H. Mapes (acting battalion adjutant).
State Historian. 27
company m.
Captain Kobert F. Tompkins.
1st Lient., John A. Huhne.
2nd Lieut., Joseph M. Fowler.
Resigned Prior 1o Muster Out of Regiment.
Major James T. Chase, October 21st. 1898.
Major Chas. E. Davis. Surgeon, December, 1898.
Captain Charles B. Staats, September 12th, 1898.
First Lieutenant David Terry, September 30th, 18^.
Second, Lieutenant George E. Wallace, September 30th, 1898.
Transferred Prior to Muster Out of Regiment.
Captain Ivewis E. Goodier, promoted Major, 203 New York
Vols., July 7th, 1898.
Captain George D. Ramsey, Asst. Surgeon, promoted to be
Surgeon of 69th \J. S. Vols., ifay 16th, 1898.
First Sergeant Edward T. Newcomb, Co. A, promoted 2nd
Lieutenant, 203 N. Y. Vols., July 7, 1898.
Private J. J. Callanan, (^o. A, promoted 2nd Lieutenant, 203
N. Y. Vols., August 8, 189S.
Corporal M. J. Reagan, Co. B,-^i«omoted 2nd Lieutenant, 202
N. Y. Vols., July 20th, 1898.
Battalion Adjutant Frank B. Edwards discharged, as super-
numerary to organization, July 6th, 1898.
Promoted Prior to Muster Out of Regiment.
Colonel Barber to be Brigadier General U. S. Vols., Feb. 6, 1899.
Lieut.-Col. Stacpole to be Colonel 1st N. Y. Vols., Feb. 7, 1899.
Major Scott to be Lient.-Col. 1st N. Y. Vols., Feb. 7, 1899.
28 Annual Rbpoet ov the
Capt. Sague to be Major let N. Y. \'ols., Oct. 22, 1898, vice
Chase i-esigned.
1st Lieut. Strevell to be Regimental Adjutant May 24, 1898.
1st Lieut. Manson to be Captain Co. B, Dec. 8, 1898, vice
Staats resigned.
2nd Lieut. Staats to be 1st Lieut. Co. B, Dec. 8, 1898, vice
Manson promoted.
Sergt. Maj. Burton to be 2nd Lieut. Co. B, De? S, L8:)S, vice
Staats promoted.
1st Lieut. Pickard to be Captain Co. E, July 7, 1898, vice
Goodier transferred.
2nd Lieut. Wood to be 1st Lieut. Co. E, July 7, 1898, vice
Pickard promoted.
Sergt.-Maj. Goodale to be 2nd Lieut. Co. E, July 7, 1898, vice
Wood promoted.
2nd Lieut. Decker to be 1st Lieut. Co. I, Sept. 30, 1898, vice
Wallace resigned.
Sergt. Nickinson to be 2nd Lieut. Co. I, Sept. 30, 1898, vice
Decker promoted.
1st Lieut. Vossler to be Captain Co. K, Dec. 6, 1898, vice
irague promoted.
2nd Lieut. Sague to be 1st Lieut. Co. K, Dec. 6, 1898, vice
Vossler promoted.
1st Sergt. Slater to be 2ud Lieut. Co. K, Dec. 6, 1898, vice
Sague promoted.
2nd Lieut. Huhne to be 1st Lieut. Co. M, Oct. 12, 1898, vice
Terry resigned.
1st Sergt. Fowler to be 2ud Lieut. Co. M, Jan. 31, 1899, vice
Huhne promoted.
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State Historian. 29
ENLISTED MEN WHO DIED IN THE SERVICE.
Taken from Muster Out Rolls.
COMPANY A.
Private Webster McCarty, October 26th, 1898, of typhoid
fever. Camp McKinley, H. I.
Private Thomas F. Lennou, November 3, 1898, of typhoid
fever, Camp McKinley, H. I.
Private Carlton W. Taylor, Feb. 17, 1899, of typhoid fever,
Presidio, Cal.
COMPANY B.
Private Edward A. Bailey, Nov. 26, 1898, of typhoid fever,
Eonolulu, H. I.
COMPANY C.
Sergeant William Goodrich, Oct. 30, 1898, of disease,
Eonolulu, H. I.
Private Robert Wanda, Nov. 14, 1898, of disease, Hono-
ulu, H. I.
COMPANY D.
Private James H. Sawyer, Dec. 11, 1898, of disease,
Ubany, N. Y.
COMPANY K.
Private James H. Bead, Jr., of double pneumonia, August
I, 1898, Presidio, Cal.
Private Oscar E. Wheeler, Nov. 6, 1898, of typhoid fever,
lonolulu, H. I.
COMPANY p.
Private Bui-ton M. Beardslee, Nov. 26, 1898, of typhoid
jver, Honolulu, H. I.
COMPANY G.
Private Charles F. Carter, Oct. 30, 1898, of typhoid
;ver, Honolulu, H. I.
30 Annual Kkport or the
Private Burton ^^'oodbeck, Nov. 11, 1898, of typhoid
fever, Honolulu, H. I.
Private John V. Springsteen, Dec. 4, 1898, of typhoid
fever, Honolulu, H. 1.
Private George L. Peet, January 9, 1901, of typhoid fever,
Fort Logan, Col.
COMPANY H.
Private Charles H. Thompson, Oct. 15, 1898, Camp
McKinley, H. I.
Private Clarence H. Porter, Oct. 2, 1898, Camp McKin-
ley, H. I.
Private George H. Cowles, Nov. 12, 1898, Honolulu, H. I.
Private Albert Glasby, Nov. 21, 1898, Honolulu, H. I.
COMPANY I.
Private Alfred C. Waller, Nov. 26, 1898, disease, Hono-
lulu, H. I.
COMPANY K.
Private Fred Wardell, Nov. 30, 1898, carbolic acid poison-
ing, Honolulu, H. I.
COMPANY L.
Private Hudson B. Moore, Dec. 23, 1898, typhoid fever,
Honolulu, H. I.
COMPANY M.
Private George Van Keuren, Nov. 4, 1898, disease, H. I.
Private Granville L. Wells, Dec. 1, 1898, disease, Hono-
lulu, H. I.
Sergeant Walter E. Van Gaasbeek, Dec. 20, 1898, disease,
Hilo, H. I.
Corporal Herbert A. Oi'ouch, May 30, 1898, disease, Camp
Black, N. Y.
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State Historian. si
OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO THE
REGIMENT.
The following is a copy of the correspondence in respect to the
assignment of the regiment to the Forts in New York Harbor.
Governors Island, New York,
May 27, 1898.
My dear Colonel. — In regard to station of your regiment,
there is at present some uncertainty, as General Frank has not
fully determined the allotment of Infantry supports to the forti-
fications in this Harbor but from conversations with him I am of
opinion he would be pleased to have the Headquarters and two
or three companies of your regiment garrison Governors Island,
sending tlie battery now there to man the guns at some other
point and divide the remainder of your regiment between Hamil-
ton and Wadsworth. The supports in contemplation for these
points would just about require youi- command. This would
give you command of this important post, command of your
regiment for its administration and supervision of drill and in-
structions and to my mind is the nearest approach in sight to
keep your command intact as you desire and it promises more
permanence than anything else in view. If this would suit you,
I suggest that you see the General and I think it wiU be gratify-
ing to him to so arrange it.
With kind regards, very truly yours,
M. BARBER,
(Colonel and Asst. Adjt. General, U, S. A.)
To Col. T. H. Barber,
1st. N. Y. Vol. Inf.
Camp Black, Hempstead, Ix)ng Island,
New York, May 28, 1898.
My dear Colonel. — Thank you very much for your letter. My
first wish is to take part in any active operations and secondly
to keep my regiment together or as nearly so, as practicable.
I do not want to take any station where my chances for activity
will be eliminated. I believe that I will be as near any point of
debarkation in New Y'ork Harbor as I would be in Chickamauga
32 Annual Report of the
or Washington (Camp Alger). I would be glad to go to Gov-
ernors Island and especially to be with General Frank.
Will you kindly show this letter to the General and I will let
the matter rest. I am, yours very truly,
T. H. Barber.
To Colonel Merritt Barber, U. S. A.
TELEGRAMS RELATING TO FIELD SERVICE.
In respect to the assignment of the Regiment to the Hawaiian
Islands the following telegrams are of interest:
COPY.
June 29th, 1898.
Received at Governor's Island, N. Y. Dated San Francisco,
Cal. 29.
To. Col. Thos. H. Barber, Ist N. Y. Vols.,
Governor's Island, N. Y.
Have just sent telegram to Adjt. Genl., Washington, recom-
mending you for Brigadier General and asking your assignment
to my command.
WESLEY MERRITT, Maj. Genl.
Washington, I). C, July 11th, 1898.
Major General Otis,
San Francisco, Cal.
If you should find that the First New York is not suitable for
service in Honolulu and Colonel Barber would prefer to go to the
Phillipines, the Secretary of War says you can then select the
(Jalifornia Regiment. It was desired to send the First New York
for the reason that Colonel Barber was an educated soldier, and
a man of such character and ability as commended him for this
delicate and important duty. It is desired you confer with him
before making final selection.
By order Secretary War.
H. C. CORBIN, Adjutant General.
State Historian. 33
San Francisco, Gal.,
July 13, 1898.
Adjutant General, U. S. Army,
Washington, D. C.
Colonel Barber's regiment fully equipped except in the matter
of light clothing which can be obtained hei*e. He desires to go
to Honolulu provided it does not prejudice his chances of going
to the Phillipiues ultimately. Have contracted for transpor-
tation and one half of regiment can be embarked this month
remaining early in August. Shall this regiment be sent
(Signed) OTIS,
Major General U. S. Volunteers,
Commanding.
Washington, I). C, July 13, 1898.
Major General Otis,
San Francisco, Calif.
Youi- telegram of this date asking if the First New York shall
be sent to Honolulu received : and the answer is in the afiBrmative.
Yoifr action in contracting for transportation and one half regi-
ment embarked this month, rejuaining, early in August, is also
approved. It is further remarked that Colonel Barber's station
at Honolulu will not prejudice his chances in going to the Phil-
lipines later on. May have to remain some three or four months
however.
By order of the Secretary of War.
H. C. CORBIN, Adjutant General.
Washington, D. C, July 14, 1898.
Major General E. S. Otis,
San Francisco, Calif.
It is reported here that Colonel Barber objects to going to
Honolulu. If this is true you will designate another regiment.
It is the desire of this department to meet Colonel Barber's
wishes as far as consistent with the interests of the service.
H. C. CORBIN, Adjutant General.
True copies, Thomas H. Barry, A. A. V.
34 Annual BEroET op the
Copy of telegram.
San Francisco, California, July 14, 1898.
Adjutant General, U. S. Army,
Washington, D. C.
Colonel Barber is a good soldier and says he cannot object to
any service which Government assigns. He is preparing his
regiment for Honolulu and will doubtless sail with a portion
of it in a very few days.
(Signed) OTIS, Major General, U. S. Vols.,
Commanding.
REPORT OP MAJOR EDWARD FIELD, U. S. A.
copr.
Subject : 4157. I. G. O.
All official communications to this oifice should be addressed
" To the Inspector General,
U. S. Army, Washington, D. C."
War Department, Inspector General's Office, ■
Washington, March 1, 1899.
Commanding Officer,
1st New York Vol. Infantry,
New York City.
Sir. — The following extracts from the report of an inspection
of the Post of Honolulu, H. I., made November 21st, to December
2, 1898, by Major Edward Field, Acting Inspector General, De-
partment of California, are furnished for your information.
Very respectfully,
THOS. T. KNOX, Acting Inspector General.
REVIEW .\ND INSPECTION.
" Ten companies of the 1st New York Volunteer Infantry were
reviewed at their camp on Waielae Beach, in light marching
order, formed in two battalions. The passage in review was the
best of any volunteer regiment I have seen since the war began
and I have seen nearly all the regiments that passed through
State Historian. 35
California. Salutes excellent, dress almost perfect, rear ranks
strictly closed up.
" Militarj' appearance and bearing very fine, active, clean
built, well set up for volunteers.
" The arms and equipments were, considering their age, in
really wonderful condition. I inspected them quite minutely and
did not find a poor musket in the ten companies. Many of them
were faultless and almost all in first class condition. This of
course refers to their care.
" The uniforms were, considering their wear, well cared for
and generally well fitting. Helts, brasses and scabbards were in
the same uniformly smart condition, many of' them up to our
orderly standard.
DRILLS, EXERCISES, ETC.
" The First New York Volunteer Infantry were drilled in regi-
mental, battalion, company drills, bayonet exercise, individual
drill and extended order. They show tlie same excellence in
drill as they did at review and inspection.
" Their ofiScers are all thoroughly up in their duties. The Cap-
tains can drill the regiment, Second Lieutenant can driU the bat-
talion. I regretted that the limited ground did not give more
scope for the regimental drill in which I imagine this regiment
is the equal of any volunteer organization that has been raised.
Battalion and company drills were equally good.
" The volley firing was excellent.
POLICE.
" The camp was scrupulously clean and all approaches and
surroundings thoroughly policed.
36 Annual Report of the
behavior.
" The behavior and general appearance of officers and men
during the stay of the Inspector at the post was commendable.
INSTRUCTION.
" This command has been unusually well instructed in drills
and tactics, probably as well as any volunteer organization in
the service.
"All the companies are exceptionally well up in tactics and are
composed of intelligent and willing men, many of them educated
and representing an excellent class in the communities where
they were raised".
" They would make excellent field soldiers. They are young,
intelligent, spirited, patriotic, especially well drilled and some
who have served in the National Guard, excellent shots.
COPY.
Subject: 4157. I. G. O.
All official communications to this office should be addressed
" To the Inspector General,
U. S. Army, Washington, D. C."
War Department, Inspector General's Office,
Washington, March 1, 1899.
Col. T. H. Barber,
First N. Y. Vol. Inf.,
]S^ew York City.
Sir. — The following extract from the report of an inspector of
the Post of Honolulu, H. I., made iS^ovember 21st, to Dec. 2, 1898,
by Major Edward Field, Acting Inspector General, Department
of California, is furnished for your information.
Very I'espectfully,
THOS. T. KNOX,
Acting Inspector General.
State Historian. 37
" Colonel Barber has boeu an excellent commander under the
most trying circumstances and has been the victim of much un-
deserved attack. He is devoted to his men, untiring in trying to
further their welfare and interests, of good judgment and the
most sterling integrity. Aluch of the abuse to which he has been
subjected is the result of a systematic attempt on the part of the
local board of health and that part of tlie press controlled by
them to maintain the position that Honolulu is normally healthy
and free from typhoid and malarial fevers in face of the facts
that there is not a sewer in the town, all drainage beii% by cess-
pool, that the climate is practically tropical, that the town is
mostly low and is surrounded by a perfect network of wet ditches,
rice, banana and taro plantations, and that Kapiolani Park, on
the edge of the town, is intersected in every direction by canals
which are simply big ditches. To maintain this improbable
thesis the army and army administration have been persistently
and venomously attacked to show that all sickness is due to
neglect on their part."
Extract from report of Major E. Field, Acting Inspector,
General Department of California:
" Chaplain Schwartz, First New rork Volunteer Infantry, was
on duty in the Post Hospital, where his services have been most
valuable. He is highly spoken of by every one, offlcers and men,
and instead of being the fifth wheel that a Volunteer Chaplain
usually is, has been doing excellent work on behalf of humanity."
For the five months preceding the arrival of the regiment in
Honolulu and shortly thereafter, viz. : from May 1st, to Oct. 2nd,
the Eegiment had lost two men, one at Camp Black and one at
San Francisco.
38 Annual Ebport of the
At a special meeting of tlie Board of Health of Honolulu held
Friday, Dec. 29th, 1899,- the report of the Civil Sanitary Com-
mission was read, accepted and the recommendations of the three
commissioners adopted. The following extracts will account for
the illness among the regular and volunteer troops contracted
at Honolulu during the preceding year, 1898. President Dole
of the Hawaiian Islands, Minister Mott-Smith, Minister Young,
etc., were reported present with the Board during the meeting.
" We are not surprised at the indignation expressed when a
citizen finds he is living* in a community where fresh meat is
exposed for sale in shops within a few feet of which are cess-
pools reeking with fllth and vermin, from which come clouds of
flies; where restaurants have cess-pools with no other covering
than the kitchen floors, into which cockroaches crowd by the
thousand after a night of foraging over tables and dishes; where
poultry is kept huddled for weeks in small coops one above the
other; where poi is manufactured and sold in shops sour with
fermented slime; where kitchens are built next to foul smelling
privies, and so arranged that a ray of light never enters them;
where sinks are maintained with long, leaking drains ; where cess-
pools and privy vaults are crowded together or combined and left
unopened year after year to saturate the ground with filth and
germs ; where cess-pools are often without ventilation of any kind
excepting the crevices of the floors above or perhaps a rickety
wooden vent ending within two feet of a sleeping apartment
window, which is overcrowded at night with occupants, and
where the ground is often without drainage, so that the seepage
from the surroundings accumulates and becomes stagnant.
" Nothing should be forced to the front in the discussion of
projier sanitation of this city more vigorously than the water
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supply. With a system of reservoirs collecting its surface water
for distribution to our houses, there is now absolutely no atten-
tion jiaid to the purifying of the water before it reaches the
consumer."
" Whereas the increase of typhoid fever and other febrile dis-
eases offers a dangerously favorable ground for such further
spreading which is and, unless counteracted, will continue to be
a menace to the lives of our people, etc., etc."
MILITARY RECORD
Of Thomas H. Barber, First Lieutenant, First Artillery, U. B.
A.; Colonel 12th Regt., N. G. N. Y. ; Inspector, General, with the
rank of Brigadier General, National Guard, New York; Colonel
First K. Y. Volunteer Infantry and Brigadier General, U. S. V.,
taken from oflicial sources in the Adjutant General's oflfice, Wash-
ington, D. C, and Adjutant General's office, Albany, N. Y.
Cadet at U. S. Militai-y Academy from July 1st, 1863, to
June 17th, 1867. Graduated and promoted in the Army to 2nd
Lieutenant, First Artillery, June 17th, 1867. Appointed from
First Congressional District, New York. On graduation leave
of absence June 17th, to September 30th, 1867.
Served in Garrison at Fort Hamilton, N. Y. H., Oct. 1st, 1867,
to February, 1870.
Served as Post School Teacher for non-commi,ssioned officers
and privates. On duty with Company at suppression of illicit
distilleries in Brooklyn, N. Y. Acting Post Adjutant and in
addition served on Courts-Martial, Boai'ds of Survey and in all
other capacities incident to garrison duty. At the Military
Academy at West Point, as Assistant Professor of the French
language, February 28th, 1870, to January 17th, 1873, and prin-
40 Annual Report of the
cipal Assistant Professor July 10th, 1872, to August 21st, 1876.
Promoted 1st Lieutenant 1st Artillery, July 10th, 1872.
Spent summer leave of 1872, granted officers on duty in
Academic Department, U. S. Military Academy, in Europe.
Traveled in Ireland, England, ITrance, Belgium, Holland,
Germany and Switzerland. From August 28th, 1874, to April
30th, 1875; in charge of the Department of French during the
absence of the Professor of the Fi-ench Language in Europe.
On Signal duty at Fort Whipple, .Va., from Sept. 4th, 1876, to
June 21st, 1878.
Special Orders 134, par. 2, A. G. O., Appointed Instructor of
Signalling, etc., at Fort Whipple, Va., January 17th, 1878.
Special Orders No. 8, War Department, Office of the Chief Signal
Officer, Washington. Eelieved from duty as Instructor by
Special Orders Xo. 84, War Department, Office of the Chief
Signal Officer, Washington, June 17th, 1878. On duty with Com-
pany at Fort Adams, E. I., until May 1st, 1880. Detailed during
summer of 1879 to make surveys of certain government military
reservations in Newport Harbor, R. I. On year's leave of absence
in Europe extended one month. Special Orders 12, A. G. O., Jan-
uary 17th, 1880, I. O. 79, April 7th, 1881.
Traveled extensively in England, Scotland, Prance, Spain,
Italy, Germany and Switzerland.
Returned to duty with Company at Fort Adains, R. I.
Directed to report in person for special duty at Yorktown,
Va., Special Order 42, par. 3, Division of the Atlantic, Sept.
22nd, 1.881.
Detailed as Aide-de-Camp to Major-General W. S. Hancock,
General Orders 11, Div. of the Atlantic, Oct. 22nd, 1881, York-
town, Va.
State Historian. 41
Endorsement of Major-General Winfleld Scott Hancock on
letter of resignation:
" Lieutenant Barber has proved to be an intelligent and
accomplished staff officer of an exceptional class, and one diffl-
cult to be replaced. He was recommended to me by his superior
officers for the excellent reputation he bore as a line officer and
was in consequence appointed to the position of A. D. 0. on my
staff."
Detailed as Acting Assistant Quartermaster and Acting Oom-
missary of Subsistence at Fort Columbus, N. Y. H., by Special
Orders No. 15, dated Headquarters Military Division of the
Atlantic, Governor's Island, N. Y. H., April 6th, 1882.
Relieved as Acting Asst. Quartermaster and Acting Commis-
sary of Subsistence by Special Orders No. 18, Head-
quarters Military Division of the Atlantic, dated Gover-
nor's Island, N. Y. H., May 1st, 1882. While on leave
of absence during the summer of 1883, accompanied the
Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology of the
.U. S. Military Academy on a geological examination of the
Big Horn and Shoshone Mountains and Yellowstone Park, es-
corted by a cavalry detachment with pack train. During various
leaves of absence traveled in (he Dominion of Canada, British
Columbia and in all the States and Territories of the United
States, except Alaska and Idaho. Resigned July 1st, 1885.
National Guard service. State of New York: Lieutenant-
Colonel and Assistant Adjutant-General 1st Brigade, Nov. 30th,
1886; resigned and honorably discharged Oct. 5th, 1887; Colonel
12th Regiment, Dec. 31st, 1888 ; Brigadier-General and Inspector-
General, Sept. 12th, 1889.
42 Annual Report of the
Offered re-appointmeiit as Inspector-General by Governor
Flower, Nov. 30th, 1891. Declined the appointment.
April 29th, 1898, appointed Colonel, 1st N. Y. Vols, during war
with Spain.
Resigned, February 6, 1899, as Colonel, on acceptance of com-
mission of Brigadier General, TJ. S. V.
Appointed Brigadier General, U. S. Vols., January 10th, 1899.
Mustered out February 28th, 1899.
SUMMARY.
Four yeai-s a cadet at the United States Military Academy.
Eighteen years a commissioned officer in the 1st Artillery, United
States Army. Thi*ee years and ten months and six days in the
National Guard, State of New York. Nine months and eight
days U. S. Volunteers service. Total service 26 years, 7 months
and 14 days.
LlEU'lENANT-CoLONEL HORATIO Po rTBR StACPOLE, ApRIL 29, 1898.
In I'nited States Service. — Lieutenant-Colonel, 1st Regt., N. Y;
Vols., May 20, 1898. Colonel Feby. 6, 1899, to Feby. 26, 1899.
In State Service.— Private, Co. B, 10th Regt, May 6, 1867;
Corporal, March 9, 1868; Quartermaster-Sergeant, March 23,
1869; First Sergeant, April 16, 1870; Adjutant, 10th Regt, Dec.
16, 1871; resigned, Feb. 20, 1873; First Lieutenant, Co. B,
iOth Regt., Feb. 28, I87(i; Captain, Dec. 19, 1877; Brevet Major,
Dec. 31, 1881; Major 10th Battalion, June 20, 1891; Lieutenant-
Colonel, 1st Regt., April 29, 1898; resigned to return to 10th
Battalion as Major, Feb. 24, 1899. Resigned, September 11,
1899. Died, June 3, 1901.
State Historian. 43
Major James T. Chase, March 29, 1898.
In United States Service.— Sergeant, Co. D, 19tli Militia;
mustered in U. S. Service, May 26, 1862, for three montlis; dis-
charged, Sept. 6, 1862; First Lieutenant, Co. G, 168th IS'. Y. Vols.
(19th Militia), Jan. 12, 1863, nine months ;, mustered out, Oct.
31, 1863; Private, Co. A, 56th N. Y. Vols., Feb. 23, 1865; honor-
ably discharged, Oct 17, 1865; Major, 1st. Eegt., N. Y. Vols., May
20, 1898, to Oct. 21, 1898.
In State Service.— Private, Co. D, 19th N. Y. S. Militia,
Sept. 22, 1858; Sergeant, May 26, 1862; First Lieutenant, March
28, 1866; Captain, Feb. 12, 18C8; discharged by disbandment.
May 9, 1878; Adjutant, 17th Battalion, Oct. 10, 1878; Captain,
Co. A, March 17, 1881, which company became the Fifth
Separale Company, Jan. 1, 1882; Major, 12th Battalion, March
29, 1898. Retired, March 9, 1899.
Majoe Walter Scott, April 1, 1898.
In United States Service. — Major, 1st Regt., N. Y. Vols., May
20, 1898; Lieutenant-Colonel, February 6, 1899, to February
26, 1899.
In State Service. — Private, Third Separate Company, Dec. 29,
1880; Second Lieutenant, Aug. 1, 1881; First Lieutenant, Jan.
25, 1886; Captain, Sept. 28, 1886; Major, 17 Battalion, April
1, 1898. Retired, March 9, 1899.
2693 (Born N. Y.) Robert T. Emmet (Ap'd at Large) 53
Military History. — Cadet at the Military Academy, Sep. 1,
1873, to June 14, 1877, when he was graduated and promoted in
the Army to Second Lieut., 9th Cavalry, June 15, 1877.
44 Annual Repokt ov the
Served: on leave of absence and awaiting orders, June 15, to
Dec. 26, 1877; on frontier duty at Ojo Caliente, N. M., Dec. 26,
1877, to Mar. 18, 187S,— on Ute Expedition, to Sep. 10, 1878,—
at Ft. Union, N. M., and commanding Indian Scouts in the field,
to Feb. 10, 1881, being engaged in Fights with Apache Indians,
Sep. 18 and 29, 1879, and Apr. 12, 1880, —Acting Engineer Officer
of District of New Mexico, Mar. 5 to Oct. 26, 1881,— and in Chief
Engineer's OflSce, Department of the Missouri, to Nov. 21, 1881;
on leave of absence, to Jan. 7, 1882; as Aide-de-Camp to Major-
General Pope, Jan. 7, 1882, to Oct. 21, 1885; on frontier duty
(First Lieutenant, 9th Cavalry, Jan. 20, 1883 at Ft. Niobrara,
Neb. (leave of absence. May 20, to Sep. 23, 1887, and Dec. 20,
1887, to Feb. 21, 1888), to Mar. 22, 1889; and on recruiting Ser-
vice. Resigned, April 6th, 1891.
Awarded Medal of Honor for distiug-uished gallantry in fight
with hostile Indians at Las Animsis Canon, N. M., Sept. 18th,
1879.
Volunteer Service. — First Lieutenant and Regimental Adju-
tant, 1st Regt., N. Y. Vols., May 20th, 1898; Major, May 24th,
1898, to Feb. 26th, 1899.
Major J. K. Sague.
Enlisted private, 15th Separate Company, June 1st, 1899; Cor-
poral, March 24th, 1890; Sergeant, Jany. 18th, 1893; 2nd Lieu-
tenant, Jmly 2nd, 1894; 1st liieuteuant, March 17th, 1896;
Captain, May 5th, 1896; Capt. Co. K, 1st N. Y. Vols., May 20th,
1898; Major, 1st Regiment, N. Y. Vols., Feb. 19th, 1899. Mustered
out, Feb. 22nd, 1899.
OTATB rLlBTUKlAM. %0
HISTORY OF THE SECOJJD REGIMENT, NEW YORK
VOLUNTEERS.
On the 2d of May, 189S, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and
Fifteenth Battalions of the Third Brigade of the National Guard
of the State of New York, pui-suaut to orders received from the
Adjutant-General's ofiice, proceeded, with such of their enlisted
men as were willing to serve for two years in the Volunteer
Army of the United States, from their home stations to Hemp-
stead I'lains, where a camp of mobilization was to be established.
These battalions were to be formed into a raiment to be known
as the Second New York Volunteers, under command of Captain
E. E. Hardin of the Seventh United States Infantry, who was to
receive a commission as Colonel of Volunteers. Major James H.
Lloyd of the Thirteenth Battalion was designated as Lieutenant-
Colonel.
Each battalion proceeded by a special train to its destination
and all arrived between three and five o'clock. Camp was laid
out by the Engineer and as soon as the lines were given, the
tents sprang up like a mushroom growth; This camp was named
" Camp Black " in honor of the Governor of the State.
Colonel Hardin joined the Regiment and assumed command
on the 3d of May, and the work of preparation for muster was
immediately undertalien. Dr. Henry C. Baum of the Forty-
first Separate Company of Syracuse was mustered in and as-
signed to the Regiment as Assistant Sui'geon on the 5th. Major
Lewis Balch, Acting Assistant Surgeon-General, State of New
York, who had been absent on leave since the arrival of the
Regiment, returned on the 5th and was mustered in pn the 6th as
Surgeon.
46 Annual Report of tSU
The Surgeon, assisted by Dr. Albert F. Brugraan of the Second
Battery, N. G.,' N. Y., who was subsequently assigned to the
Regiment as Assistant Surgeon and mustered in on the 16th inst.,
immediately commenoed the work of physically examining the
men of the Regiment. From four to twenty-two men were
thrown out of each company. Their places were filled by recruits
sent from the home station.s, and on Saturday, the 14th, the work
of examination of both officers and men was practically con-
cluded, and the Regiment ready for muster.
On The 11th day of May, 1898, all the regiments of infantry
were formed in line of masses for review by the Commander-in-
Chief, the Honorable Frank . S. Black, Governor of the
State of New York, Troops A and C acting as escort.
On the 16th of May the Third Battalion, composed of
men from the Forty-sixth, Thirty-first, Thirty-sixth and Thirty-
seventh, designated respectively as Companies H, G, E
and F, were mustered in, and Major Austin A. Yates
was mustered in and placed in command of them; after
which the companies composed of men from the Eighteenth,
Thirty-second, Twenty-second and Ninth, designated respectively
as Companies K, M, L arid I. were mustered in, and Major James
W. Lester was mustered in and placed in command. Part of the
other battalion being absent on provost guai'd duty, only two
companies from it were mustered in, viz. : the Seventh and
Twenty-first, designated as Companies B and D. Lieutenant-
Colonel James H. Lloyd was mustered in and placed in command
of the ten companies. On the 17th inst. the companies composed
of men from the Twelfth and Sixth, designated respectively Com-
panies C and A, were mustered in, after which the Regiment was
formed in line of masses and the oath was administered to
Colonel E. E Hardin, who was placed in command thereof.
State Historian. 47
No change was made in the officers of the Eegiment as they
came from their home stations except in the following cases:
Lieutenant B. L. Aldiich of K Company, who came from the
home station with his company, was not mustered in owing to his
physical condition ; Lieutenant Michael Sullivan of D Company
was mustered in, in place of Lieutenant Sylvester W. Wright,
who came from the home station with his company; Chester G.
Wager of the Twenty-first Separate Company, N. G., N. Y.,
Quartermaster- Sergeant, was not mustered in; First Lieutenant
John S. Wilson, who was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the
Regiment, resigned, to accept the position of Surgeon of the
Twenty-second Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry.
The officers of the Regiment and the companies constituting it
were as follows :
Colonel, Edward E. llardiu, Seventh U. S. Infantry.
Lieutenant-Colonel, James H. Lloyd, Thirteenth Battalion,
National Guard, New York.
Major, James W. Lester, Fourteenth Battalion, National
Guard, New York.
Major, Austin A. Yates, Fifteenth Battalion, National Guard,
New York.
Surgeon, Lewis Balch, Major and Acting Assistant Surgeon
General.
Chaplain, Hector Hall, D. D.
Adjutant, James J. Phelan, Adjutant Thirteenth Battalion,
National Guard, New York.
Quartermaster, George M. Alden, Quartermaster, Thirteenth
Battalion, National Guard, New York.
Sergeant-Major, W. Swift Martin, Sixth Separate Company,
National Guard, New York.
48 Annual Report of the
THIRTEENTH BATTALION.
COMPANY B.
Seventh Separate Company, Colioes. — Captain, T. Campbell
Collin; First lieutenant, John J. McGaffin; Second Lieutenant,
Edward J. White.
COMPANY C.
Twelfth Separate Company, Troy.^ — Captain, John P. Treanor;
First Lieutenant, Rufus M. Townsend; Second Lieutenant,
William Baker.
COMPANY D.
Twenty-first Separate Company, Troy.— Captain, Merrill M.
Dunspaugh; First Lieutenant, William J. Galbraith; Second
Lieutenant, Michael Sullivan.
COMPANY A.
Sixth Separate Company, Troy. — Captain, E. Oourtland Gale ;
First Lieutenant, Henry P. Sherman; Second Lieutenant, Carroll
L. Maxcy.
FOURTEENTH BATTALION.
Major James W. Lester, Commanding.
COMPANY K.
Eighteenth Separate Company, Glens Falls. — Captain, Loyal
L. Davis; First Lieutenant, Seldon W. Mott. Bishop L. Aldrich
was the Second Lieutenant in the National Guard and went to
Camp Black, was taken sick and not mustered.
Daniel J. Hogan was appointed Second Lieutenant by tele-
gram from Governor on day of muster. Telegram received
too late and Hogan was mustered as Sergeant. He imme-diately
began duty as Lieutenant and later on was commissioned and
mustered as Lieutenant, with rank as of the date of the original
muster of the company.
State Historian. 49
company i.
Ninth Separate Company, Whitehall. — Captain, Ernest A.
Greenough ; First Lieutenant, Emiuet J. Gray ; Second Lieuten-
ant, Alanson D. Bartholomew.
COMPANY M.
Thirty-second Separate Company, Hoosick Falls. — Captain,
Frank L. Stevens; First Lieutenant, Walter A. Wood, Jr. ; Second
Lieutenant, Louis E. Potter.
COMPANY L.
Twenty-second Separate Company, Saratoga Springs. — Cap-
tain, Amos 0. Eich; First Lieutenant, John A. Schwarte; Second
Lieutenant, Obed M. Coleman.
FIFTEENTH BATTALION.
Major Austin A. Yates, Commanding.
COMPANY H.
Forty-sixth Separate Company, Amsterdam. — Captain, Darwin
E. Vunk; First Lieutenant, George Hughes; Second Lieutenant,
Daniel Masten.
COMPANY p.
Thirty-seventh Separate Company, Sclienectady. — -Captain,
Frank Bander; First Lieutenant, George M. Crippen; Second
Lieutenant, Albert Wells.
COMPANY G.
Thirty-first Separate Company, Mohawk. — Captain, Horatio
P. Witherstine; First Lieutenant, Delos M. Dodge; Second Lieu-
tenant, Wilbur Eddy.
COMPANY E.
Thirty-sixth Sepai-ate Company, Schenectady.— Captain, J. M.
Andrews, Jr.; First Lieutenant, George de B. Greene; Second
Lieutenant, Donald Hutton.
50 Annual Report of the
Notwithstanding almost incessant rain during the entire time
at Camp Black, the Regiment received gi-eat benefit from the
drills at this camp and the men hardened down into real soldiers.
It was jocosely remarked by some of the men that the physical
examination to which they were subjected was unnecessary, as
any man who was alive at the time the Regiment was mustered
in, must be without any doubt. physically sound.
On the 18th of May the Regiment started, pursuant to orders
received May luth, for Chickamauga, Ga. The large Sibley tents
were taken down; breakfast was had early and the tents, camp
equipage and rations were hauled to the railroad station and
loaded onto the trains. Two days travel rations were issued to
each of the companies and at 9.30 a. m. the Regiment moved out
of camp. At 10.30 a. m. the fli'st section, carrying one-half of the
Regiment, pulled out from the station, followed in a few moments
by the second section with the rest of the Regiment. The trains
were run to Long Island City, where the troops were put aboard
a large ferryboat, which, landed them at the pier of the Central
Railroad of New Jersey in Jersey City. Here a train of three
sections, composed of antique oars of the Philadelphia & Read-
ing Railroad, freshly painted on the exterior, were found waiting
for the Regiment. One battalion was put aboard each section
and after a delay of nearly two hours, during which an additional
car was added to each section so as to give each man a whole
seat, the sections pulled out of the station. The first section was
in charge of Colonel Hardin and carried Companies A, B, C and
D. The second section v\as in charge of Lieutenant-Colonel
Lloyd and carried Companies E, F, O and H; and the third sec-
tion was in charge of Major Lester and carried Companies I, K,
L and M. Although the sections left Jersey City less than ten
State Historian. 51
minutes apart, they became three or four hours apart before
long.
The route taken was over the Central Kailroad of New Jersey
and the Philadelphia & Reading to Philadelphia; thence, via the
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, through Baltimore and Washington
to Parkersburg, and thence, via the Baltimore & Ohio South-
western Railway to Cincinnati. From Cincinnati the route lay
over the Queen & Crescent to Chattanooga, and the Chattanooga
Valley, Rome & Columbus Railroad to Lytle Station, Chicka-
mauga Battlefield. When the first section arrived at Washing-
ton an order was received from the Wai" Department directing
that Private Edward Murphy, 2d, of A Company, be detached
from the Regiment, and that he report at once to the War Depart-
ment to receive a Commission as Captain and Assistant Adju-
tant-General.
The first and second sections arrived at Lytle, Ga., late in the
evening of the 20th, and the third section about ten a. m. of
the 21st.
The first section came through without much trouble, but sev-
eral cars in both the second and third sections were condemned by
the inspectors for broken flanges, defective air brakes or flat
wheels, and each car, as it was condemned, was replaced by
another old car. The third section, which arrived at Chattanooga
at dusk on the 20th, was side-tracked in the city and pulled out
to Lytle the next morning, where it joined the rest of the Regi-
ment. The Regiment went into Camp on Saturday, the 21st, in
the southeastern part of the National Military Park just north
of the intersection of the Thedford Ford Road with the Dalton
Ford Road.
At first the Regiment suftered from a lack of good water, but
after three or four days the pipe line was laid out in rear of the
52 Annual RBPOftT of THE
Camp and good water was at hand for washing and cooking.
Coming as they did from the cold of Hempstead Plains, the men
of the Eegiment suffered much from the intense heat of Chicka-
mauga, and there were a number of cases of sickness caused by
the bad water of the first few days.
Here the Regiment was brigaded with the Fifth Maryland
and the Second Nebraska, under command of Colonel Hardin,
as the Second Brigade, and attached to the first di^dsion com-
manded by ColoneJ Frederick Dent Grant of the Fourteenth
New York Volunteer Infantry and the First Army Corps under
Major-General James F. Wade. Colonel Hardin was succeeded
subsequently by Colonel Bills of the Second Nebraska Volunteer
Infantry, and Colonel Grant, by Brigadier-General Louis H.
Carpenter.
Major Lewis Balch was detached and assigned to duty as
Acting Chief Surgeon of the First Division. He organized a
Division Hospital and Ambulance Company.
Lieutenant George de B. Greene of Company E was appointed
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General of the Brigade under Colonel
Hardin, and Lieutenant Walter A. Wood, Jr., was appointed
Brigade Commissary.
On May 31st Corporal Purman of E Company was transferred
to the First U. S. Volunteer Engineers.
Here the Regiment recruited one hundred and seventeen mules
and twenty-nine wagons to carry camp equipage and rations.
The Regiment received orders on May 30th to proceed on June
1st to Tampa, Florida.
The large tents were talien down on the 31st and everything
packed that could be, and the men spent that night in their
shelter tents. Promptly at six a. m. on June 1st the command
State Historian. 53
" Forward ! " was given and the Eegiment marched to Bossville,
Tenn., a distance of about nine miles, arriving about nine a. m.
Here the Eegiment had to combat with inadequate railroad
facilities. After much backing and filling a train of flat cars
was pulled up, the wagons were loaded upon it, and the train
was dispatched. A train of cattle cars was, after long waiting
and much shifting of cars, finally drawn alongside of the plat-
form and then the work of loading the horses and mrales was
undertaken. This work caused much merriment among the men,
*
but was expeditiously accomplished. General L. H. Carpenter
and stafl' accompanied the first section of the troops, composed
of Companies E, F, G and H, in charge of Colonel Hardin. This
section left Rossville about six p. m. The second section, carrying
Companies I, K, L and M, in charge of Major Lester, left about
eight-twenty p. m., and the third section, carrying Companies A,
B, C and D, in charge of Major Collin, left about ten p. m. The
route taken lay over the Southern Railroad and Florida Central
& Peninsular Railroad. Owing to the large number of troops
transported over these lines and the inadequate facilities for
handling them, — the Florida Central & Peninsular being a single
track road, — the progress was very slow. Long waits were made
at sidings for trains to pass. One section, the second, was side-
tracked and remained nearly twelve hours at a place called
Turkey Creek, only about seventeen miles from Tampa. Had it
not been for the fact that the men bought food all along the line,
thereby making a saving on their travel rations, the two days
travel rations issued would have given out long before the troops
reached their destination. As it was, the second section went
hungry at Tui'key Creek and the third section lived on short
rations during the last part of the trip. The first section arrived
54 Annual Report of the
at Tampa on June 3d at two or three o'clock in the afternoon and
opened Camp at Fort IBrooke, an old army garrison on Hills-
borough Bay. The second section arrived about three a. m. on
the 4 th of June, and the third section about eleven a. m. the
same day. On the way down the troop train got ahead of the
wagon train and the mule train, so that the troops were obliged
to go into Camp without their rations and cooking utensils, which
were in the wagons. Some rations were drawn from the Com-
missary Department for temporary use and, with improvised
cooking utensils, the hunger of the men was appeased. The
wagons and mules arrived later the same day, much to the grati-
fication of the men.
The Regiment retained its same Brigade formation as at
Chickamauga, except that the Fifth Maryland took the place
of the Second Nebraska, and the Sixty-ninth New York was
added. The Sixty-ninth New York was soon afterwards detached
and the Brigade consisted of the Second New York, the Fifth
Maryland and the First District of Columbia, under command
of Brigadier-General L. H. Carpenter, and known as " Carpen-
ter's Brigade," afterwards the Second Brigade. This Brigade
was a part of the Second Division under command of Brigadier-
General Simon Snyder and the Fourth Army Corps under
Major-General John J. Coppinger.
Camp was made with the shelter tents and it was not thought
worth while to put up the large tents as the Regiment expected
to go aboard the transports at Port Tampa as a part of the first
Cuban expedition under General William R. Shatter. Ten days'
travel ration were issued and ammunition at the rate of one hun-
dred rounds per man, and the ofiBcers' horses were sent aboard the
transports. The Regiment then waited orders to mova The
State Historian. 55
orders did not come, but after two days, back the horses came,
and at the same time information that the capacity of the trans-
ports had been overestimated and they were already crowded.
So the expedition left, much to the regret of the entire Regiment,
leaving the Second New York behind.
After experiencing one of the typical storms of the rainy season
in which the rain falls in sheets, the large tents were put up. The
shelter tents in such a storm were of little protection and the men
were all soaked.
On June 6th the resignation of Lieutenant Carroll L. Maxcy
of A Company, who had returned to Troy from Camp Thomas
on May 29th, was, by direction of the Secretary of War, accepted
and he was honorably discharged from the United States service,
his discharge to take effect May 31, 1898.
Private John Flynn, Jr., of A Company was also on June 7th,
by order of the Assistant Secretary of War, discharged to accept
a position as Lieutenant in the Engineer Corps.
On the 8th day of June Private Michael F. Sheary of A Com-
pany was directed to be discharged by the Assistant Secretary of
War to accept a commission as Paymaster with rank of Major
in the U. S. Volunteers, and on the same day Private Sanford
L. Cluett was transferred to the First Regiment U. S. Volunteer
Engineers and expected to receive a commission as First Lieu-
tenant.
On the 14th of June Private Eugene Warren, also of A Com-
pany, was directed to be discharged by the Assistant Secretary of
War to accept a clerkship in the Paymaster's office under Major
Sheary.
On the 15th of June, by order of the Secretary of War, the
resignation of Hector Hall as Chaplain was accepted and he was
56 Annual Report of the
honorably discharged from the United States service, and on
June 21st Private George W. Kinne, of D Company, was trans-
ferred to the First Regiment U. S. Volunteer Engineers.
On the 10th of June Major Lewis Balch, Surgeon of the Regi-
ment, was appointed Chief Surgeon of the Division by an order
issued from Division Headquarters, and on the same order First
Lieutenant Rufus M. Townsend, First Lieutenant C Company,
was appointed Chief Commissary of Subsistence of the Division.
Pursuant to orders issued by Major-General Coppinger under
date of June 15, 1898, Major Austin A. Yates, Captain Loyal L.
Davis, of K Company, and Captain Menill M. Dunspaugh, of D
Company, with one man from each company, left Tampa on the
same day on recruiting service. These ofBcers wete instructed to
recruit each company up to the maximum strength of one hun-
dred and six enlisted men.
The Regiment was hampered very much at this Camp because
there were no facilities for Regimental, Battalion or Company
drills. The drill hours were consumed by the Company com-
manders in instruction in arming and firing, and in the Manual
of Arms. The other Regiments of the Brigade, the First District
of Columbia and Fifth Maryland, being hampered in the same
way. General Carpenter ordered that each Regiment of the
Brigade in turn go out to Tampa Heights two afternoons each
week, bivouac there over night and have Regimental drill for
three or four hours in the early morning, marching back to Camp
after it was over.
On the 24th of June the Regiment left for its drill at Tampa
Heights at four p. m. The day was terrifically hot and the dark
clouds along the horizon betokened a coming storm. Supper was
-served to the men and the shelter tents were soon up and trenche^.
STATE tllSTORIAN. 01
Shortly after seven o'clock the storm broke in all its fury. The
vivid lightning was followed by the crashing and booming of the
thundei". About 7.45 a flash of lightning descended right into the
Oamp, striking a tall pine tree at the foot of the C Company
street and, leaving the tree about thirty feet from the ground,
shot obliquely off toward the tents. The noise of the thunder
was deafening. Instantly every one who could sprang out of his
tent, and the Camp, which had quieted down for the night, was a
scene of the utmost tumult and confusion. In every street some
men were senseless or partially paralyzed. Some of theee, how-
ever, quickly regained consciousness. There were few lights in
Camp and no place to take the unconscious men where they would
be pi-otected from the fury of the storm. Three or four hundred
yards away could be seen tents which were said to be the General
Field Hospital, and thither their comrades carried the apparently
lifeless men. These tfents, however, were found to be the tents of
the administrative part of a measles hospital. The men were
carried in here, and, under the direction of the doctors and hos-
pital men, efforts were made to restore them to consciousness,
which were successful in all but one case. Private Edward
Nichols, of C Company, who was sitting on the ground under
his tent reading, probably never knew what struck him. Al-
though he was pulseless and without heart action when he was
brought in, he was worked over for nearly an hour, but without
success.
Near the hospital tents there was a large number of ambulances
packed with hospital necessaries. These were backed around
and as the men regained consciousness and the partial use of
their limbs they were laid on stretchers and put into the am-
bulances so as to give more room for the others. It was decided
58 Annual Keport op the
then to take them to the General Field Hospital and the first
ambulance loaded was taken by the men to this hospital, which
was about a quarter of a mile away. Mules were hitched to the
other ambulances and they were drawn over to the hospital until
the fourteen men most seriously injured had been taken over.
These fourteen men came principally from 0 Company. They
were Corporals Wm. A. Hamilton and John J. Barnival, and
Privates John Harper, F. C. Simmons, Wm. Scidmore, Wm. P.
Ryan, Wm. Blanchard, Andrew F. Groebecker, Andrew McBride
and Charles I. Case of C Company; Private Edward Wales of A
Company and Privates J. S. Jones, Delvert ShefBeld and Lewis
C. Schermerhom of F Company.
In addition to the men taken to the hospital. Private James
Goo of G Company, Henry Gould of F Company, Fred Brezee
of L Conipany and Sergeant E. M. Allen of 1 Company, were
injured, but taken care of in their own company street. All
these men recovered in a day or two and were returned to duty,
except Private Charles I Case, of C Company, who was a tent
mate of Private Nichols who was killed.
So far as it was possible to ascertain it was found that nearly,
if not quite, all of the men seriously injured, as well as Private
Nichols, who was killed, did not have their rubber ponchos under
them.
The remains of Private Nichols, after funeral services had been
held, were on June 25th escorted to the depot and sent to his
home at Troy for interment.
After the Regiment was mustered m at Camp Black notifica-
tion was received that it would be entitled to another Major and
three Battalion Adjutants. Attempts were made to have the
oflBcers appointed to fill these positions mustered in at Camp
Alger by the mustering officer there because the oflBcers had not
received their formal commissions.
OTATB J1I8T0RIAN. 0»
On June 20th, at Tampa, the following officers of the Regiment
were mustered in :
Thomas C. Collin, Captain B Company, as Major of the Third
Battalion, with rank from May 23, 1898.
George de B. Greene, First Lieutenant E Company; Thomas
W. Hislop, Private A Company, and William S. Martin, Regi-
mental Sergeant-Major, as Battalion Adjutants, with rank from
May 23, 1898.
Daniel J. Hogan, Sergeant K Company, as Second Lieutenant
K Company, with rank from May 18, 1898, and
Calvin S. McChesney, Quartermaster-Sergeant A Company, as
Second Lieutenant of A Company, with rank from June 13, 1898,
vice Maxey resigned.
On the 28th day of June the following additional officers were
mustered in :
John McGaffln as Captain K Company, vice Collin promoted,
with rank from June 22d.
Edward J. White as First Lieutenant B Company, vice
McGaffin promoted, with rank from June 22d.
William Leiand Thompson, a private of A Company, as Second
Lieutenant B Company, vice White promoted, with rank from
June 22d, and
Donald J. Hutton as First Lieutenant of E Company, vice
Greene appointed Battalion Adjutant, with rank from June 22d.
On the 25th of June orders were received that the Regiment
be fully equipped to be loaded onto transports.
On June 28th, pursuant to orders issued by General Coppinger,
Lieutenant W. Swift Martin, with Corporal Francis Carr and
Private Wright Van Deusen, both of D Company, left for Port
Tampa, where they were to be placed in charge of some field
W ANNUAL KEPORT OF THE
shields for use of the invading army, which they were to take
on the first transports to be sent.
On June 29th Privates John W. Maley and E. F. Bauth of B
Company, P. J. O'Brien and James L. Casey of C Company, and
Alson L. Jones of M Company, were transferred to the Division
Hospital Corps.
June 30th the entire Regiment was mustered by Colonel Hardin
after it had been inspected by the field officers.
On the first day of JuJy several men in the Regiment were
discharged to accept Commissions as Second Lieutenants in the
new Volunteer Regiments to be formed in the State of New York,
as follows :
Private George L. Hare, Jr., of A Company, in the Two hun-
dred and second Regiment.
Private Esek B. Williamson of A Company, and Private Winsor
B. French of L Company, in the Two hundred and first Regi-
ment, and
Privates Griswold Green and George Alford Cluett of A Com-
pany, in the Two hundred and third Regiment.
The first batch of recruits arrived on June 28th from Major
Yates : — twelve for E Company ; twelve for P Company ; twelve
for G Company, and twelve for H Company; and July 2d these
were followed by Captains Davis and Dunspaugh with thirty-
four recruits for A Company ; twenty-six for B Company ; twenty-
six for C Company ; twenty-six for D Company ; twenty-four for I
Company ; twenty-seven for K Company ; twenty -eight for L Com-
pany, and twenty-eight for M Company. They arrived about
half past twelve o'clock and were vociferously cheered by the
Regiment. On the 2d of July the First District of Columbia left
for Port Tampa to take transports.
OTATB niSTUKlAiN.
On the 5th day of July Second Lieutenant William L. Thomp-
son, of B Company, was, by direction of the Secretary of War, or-
dered to " report to the Governor of the State of New York to ac-
cept promotion in another regiment." The promotion obtained
by Lieutenant Thompson was a commission as Second Lieutenant
in the Two Hundred and First Regiment, which he resigned Sep-
tember 7, 1898.
On the 5th day of July Second Lieutenant A. D. Bartholomew,
of I Ck)mpany, was relieved from duty at the Quartermaster's De-
pot, where he was ordered on June 10th, and ordered to rejoin
his regiment.
Private Hiram C. Todd, of L Company, was, by direction of the
Assistant Secretary of War, discharged to accept a commission.
Private Todd left the regiment July 5th and was subsequently
commissioned second lieutenant of A Company in the Two Hun-
dred and Second Regiment, New York Infantry, and went with
his regiment to Pinar del Rio, Cuba, in December, 1898.
On the 6th of July notification was received from Corps Head-
quarters that transportation would be ready to move two battal-
ions of the regiment by transport to Santiago. The First Bat-
talion, commanded by Major Lester, and the Third Battalion,
commanded by Major Collin, were designated as the battalions
to go. The Second Battalion was to follow as soon as transporta-
tion was ready. The recruits were to be left at Tampa and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Lloyd was detailed to remain to see that the
recruits were drilled and put into shape as soon as possible..
Everybody got rid of their superfluous baggage and everything
was packed up as much as possible so that the designated battal-
ions could be moved on a few hours' notice. As time went on the
chances for the regiment to see service under this order gradually
faded away and the men fell back into the old rut.
62 Annual Report of the
First Sergeant Thomas J. McNeill, of B Company, was com-
missioned Second Lieutenant of B Company vice Thompson trans-
ferred, with rank from July 2d, and was mustered in July 5th.
Sergeant Charles K Parsons, of E Company, was commissioned
Second Lieutenant of E Company vice Hutton promoted, with
rank from July 2d, and was mustered in July 5th.
On July 8th an order was received directing the discharge of
Private Edward Murphy, Jr., who had been carried on the rolls of
A Company since he left the regiment at Washington on May
19th. The discharge was to take effect as of May 22d.
On July 8th Private Leland T. Lane, of A Company, was trans-
ferred to the First Regiment United States Volunteer Engineers,
and was afterwards commissioned Second Lieutenant in the Two
Hundred and Second Regiment. (Lieutenant Lane resigned his
commission Sept. 23, 1-898.)
On the 10th day of July Brigadier-General Louis H. Carpen-
ter was relieved from the command of the Brigade and assigned
to the command of the Third Division of the Fourth Army Corps,
and Brigadier-General Joseph K. Hudson, United States "Volun-
teers, was assigned to the command of the Second Brigade of the
Second Division. General Carpenter left on the 12th and Gen-
eral Hudson assumed command of the Brigade the same day.
About 7 o'clock on the evening of July 12th orders were re-
ceived for the regiment to be in readiness to go aboard transports
for Santiago on the 13th. The pix)cess of packing ujj was again
undertaken, and early in the morning of the 13th the tents of the
First and Second Battalions were struck and the tentage, rations
and camp equipage put aboai'd the train for Fort Tampa.
Matters came to a standstill at this point and the regiment
waited. It was understood that the delay was occasioned by the
State Historian. 63
fact that the transports had not been properly cleaned and put in
order for the troops and that they could not be made ready before
noon of the 14th. Accordingly the men were directed to put up
their shelter tents and make themselves as comfortable as possible
for the night. Enough rations were brought back to feed the
troops, which the men prepai'ed for themselves as well as they
could. About 11 o'clock on the evening of the 13th a notice came
to the Commanding Officer that the expedition would not be
started, presumably owing to the fact that yellow fever had
broken out among the troops at Santiago. This was a gi^at dis-
appointment to the men, who had hoped not only to get away
from the unsanitary camp ^t Tampa, but also to do its part in
the work of the Army at the front.
When it was found that tlie regiment was not to be moved, an
attempt was made to find a new camp in the vicinity of Tampa.,
which would have superior sanitary advantages, but without suc-
cess. The large tents were, therefore, again put up in the hope
that the Tampa Camp would be soon broken up and the troops
removed to a distance from the typhoid and malaria of Tampa.
On the 19th day of July, 1898, Private Charles L. Thayer, of
D Company, died at the hospital at Fort McPherson, Ga., of
typhoid /ever. No notification of his death was received by the
regiment or the family of the deceased at Troy, N. Y., until the
matter was brought to th^ attention of the officers of the regi-
ment by the return of a letter written to Private Thayer and
returned to the writer on the 23d inst., indorsed, " Dead, July 18."
This information was subsequently verified by telegraphic com-
munication with the hospital. Why no notice was ever sent to
the regiment, or Ite family of the soldier, of his death or burial,
by the authorities at the hospital, has not been explained, and
04 Annual Kkport of the!
probably cannot be explained without showing gross negligence
on the part of the hospital authorities.
On the evening of July 20th an order was received for the regi-
ment to proceed to Fernandina, Fla., on the 21st inst. Packing
up of camp equipage, rations, etc., was immediately commenced
and prosecuted with vigor until a late hour in the evening, when
word was received that the Quartermaster was unable to provide
transportation for the regiment owing to telegraphic instructions
received from Washington that the road of the Plant System was
not to be used for transportation because of some trouble which
the Department had with this road.
Thus again were the hopes of the regiment doomed to disap-
pointment.
However, on the 26th day of July, the Quartermaster's De-
partment notified the commanding ofiScer of the regiment that
transportation over the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad
would be ready for the regiment early in the morning of the 27th,
and the necessary orders were issued to pack up and break camp.
Reveille was sounded at 3.45 and tents were struck at the sound-
ing of " The General " at 5 a. m., and by 8 a. m. everything had
been hauled to the station, except what the men were carrying on
their backs. Then a long period of waiting followed. At last
the railroad company produced a train of flat cars and the
wagons were quickly loaded. Then another long wait, and then
a train of cattle cars for the horses and mules. Finally at 5 p. ni.
word was received that the passenger coaches for half the regi-
ment, which were to constitute a train, were at the depot. The
First Battalion and Companies A and C of the Third Battalion
were immediately formed and marched to the depot where four-
teen cars were found to accommodate the six hundred and fifty-
State Historian. 65
six men assigned to them. The cars were dirty, foul smelling and
unfit for occupation. Forty-seven men, with their packs, haver-
sacks, canteens, blankets and rifles, had to be crowded into each
car. This the men accepted without much objection, prefen-ing
to sufifer any sort of hardship rather than lose this chance of get-
ting away from Tampa.
The other section, carrying the Second Battalion and Compan-
ies Tl and D, got away about two hours afterward. The trip to
Fernandina was made over the Florida Central and Peninsula
Railroad and the first section arrived between 7 and 8 o'clock in
the morning of July 27th, and were immediately marched to the
location where the camp was to be made about three-quarters of a
mile east of the village of Fernandina. The rest of the regiment
arrived a few hours later and proceeded to the camp, and before
dark the tents were pitched and the men under cover. The entire
camp ground was covered with a dense growth of brush from
three to six feet high. Enough of this was cut the first day so as
to permit the tents to be erected. The men suffered a great deal
from the myriads of mosquitoes which hid during the day in the
dense undergrowth, but as the brush was cleaned away they grad-
ually disappeared.
The effects of the typhoid camp at Tampa which had been
gradually increasang for some time seemed to get a new impetus,
Everybody had more or less of aches and pains and the sick call
was very largely attended. At one time the number of sick ii
hospital and in quarters was one hundred and forty-two, beside a
great many more who were sick, but still able to do duty.
On July 30th Private John J. Whalen was transferred fron
0 Company to B Company. He was transferred back to C Com
pany August 13th.
66 Annual Ebfort of the
On Sunday, July 31st, Frank S. Legnard, of Saratoga Springs,
a private in L Company, died at the Eegimental Hospital in con-
vulsions, caused by malaria toxaemia, the evident result of our
Tampa camp. His body was sent to Saratoga Springs for
interment.
On the 24th of July the regiment was transferred to the First
Brigade, commanded by Brigadier- General Jacob Kline in the
Third Division, commanded by Brigadier-General Louis H. Car-
penter, of the Fourth Army Corps, under General Coppinger.
This brigade included, besides the Second New York, the Fifth
Ohio and the Thirty-second Michigan.
On the 28th day of July Charles W. Frear, a private of A Com-
pany, was transferred by order from the War Department,
dated July 26th, 1898, to the Two Hundred and Third Regiment,
New York Volunteers, and subsequently made Sergeant-Major
in that regiment. He was promoted and commissioned second
lieutenant of E Company in the same regiment September 25th,
1898, and resigned his commission November 11th, 1898.
On the 1st day of August Major Lewis Balch was relieved
from duty as chief surgeon of the Second Division of the Fourth
Army Corps and ordered to report to his regiment at Fernandina,
Florida.
On the 2d day of August Private Frederick C. Morton, of
C Company, was discharged.
On the 3rd day of August Captain E. C. Gale left on a fifteen
days' leave for his home in Troy. On the 4th of August Walter
A. Wood, first lieutenant of M Company and regimental com-
missary, left on .a ten days' sick leave. Lieutenant Thomas W.
Hislop, battalion adjutant, was appointed regimental commis-
sary in his place.
State Historian. e<
The facilities for salt-water bathing were excellent here owing
to the hard sand beach and the fine surf. The men of the regi-
iiieut took advantage of the permission given them to bathe and
went in squads and companies almost daily to the beach, a dis-
tance of about a mile, to take a dip in the ocean.
The military camp at Fernandina was augmented daily by the
arrival of new regiments. The regiment's neighbors here were
the 1st, 3rd and 5th Ohio, 3rd Pennsylvania, 32nd Michigan, 1st
Florida, 157th Indiana and 69th New York, besides detachments
of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 10th Cavalry.
On August 3rd Brgadier-General Louis H. Carpenter, in com-
mand of the Third Division of the Fourth Army Corps, was
directed by General Coppinger to assume command of the Army
Corps as soon as General Coppinger should leave the country
under the orders he had received to proceed to Porto Rico.
General Carpenter, however, never assumed command of the
corps as General Coppinger was delayed in his departure and
finally never got away.
On August 4th drills, which had not been held since the arrival
of the regiment in Fernandina, were again resumed, but con-
tinued only through the next day, the 5th, for the men seemed
to be without strength or vitality. Drills were, therefore, given
up until the 10th, when short ones were held each morning and
afternoon.
On August 6th the oflflcers of the regiment gave a dinner at
the Eegimental Mess to the division, brigade and regimental
commanders who were at Fernandina. By this means the oflfloers
were enabled to become better acquainted with the general offi-
cers and the officers of the other regiments. The guests included
General Carpenter, who was in command of the division, and
68 Annual Report ob' the
Generals Lincoln and Hall, in command of brigades. General
Kline, the commanding officer of the First Brigade, was pre-
vented by illness from being present.
Nearly every regiment at Fernandina was represented by its
commanding oflQcer, and the dinner reflected great credit not only
upon the committee in charge of it, but also upon the Japanese
cook, Frank Kittayama, who had been with the offlcers of the
regiment since the early days at Oamp Black.
August 7th Dr. Brugman was detailed to assist the surgeon
of the Second Division Hospital at Fernandina.
The fourth death in the regiment occurred on the 7th of
August, when Private Tracy E. West, of L Company, died at the
Regimental Hospital.
On August 8th Major Lester and Captain Trainor left for
home, the former on a leave for twenty days, and the latter for
ten days, and the same day E Company was detailed as a guard
at Division Headquarters.
On the 9th the new chaplain, Rev. Edwin P. Easterbrook,
joined the regiment and immediately commenced his ministra-
tions to the regiment, particularly to those who were sick.
On August 9th Private Charles W. Allen, of M Company,
and Private Charles N. Baker, of C Company, died at the Fort
McPherson Hospital at Atlanta, and on the 10th Private Charles
H. Morrison, of D Company, died at the same hospital. All
three of these men died of typhoid fever.
This brought the number of deaths in the regiment up to seven.
These deaths were not reported by the hospital authorities to the
regiment, but the news was received from the homes of the men.
During all this time the sick roll of the regiment continued so
large that additional tents were obtained and put up to accommo-
State Historian. 69
date the large number of sick. A very large number of men too
ill to do duty, but able to travel, secured furloughs and went
home to try a change of air and scene. Many of these after their
arrival hom« became worse and were never able to rejoin their
companies until after the regiment was sent home to be mus-
tered out.
On August 12th the hearts of the men of the regiment were
gladdened by the appearance of Major M. B. Curry, of the Pay-
master's Department, who gave the men their July pay.
On the same day orders were received for the regiment to go
to Huntsville, Alabama, as soon as necessary transportation could
be provided. It was the announced intention of the government
to make the camp at Huntsville a camp for the accommodation
of all the troops at Fernandina, in the hope that, among the
mountains of Northern Alabama, the men could regain the
strength which they had lost in the hot and pestilential camps
of Southern Florida.
On the 13th day of August hospital supplies for the regiment
were received from the friends of the men in the North, and on
the 15th another large consignment was received.
The number of men sick and unfit for duty in the regiment had
become so large, and the facilities for caring for them had
become so inadequate, that on the 15th additional hospital
accommodations were secured in the school building of the Sis-
ters of St. Joseph, in Fernandina, for the sick of the regiment.
This hospital, in recognition of the munificent gift of Hon. Ros-
well P. Flower, of New York, to the regiment, which had made
it possible to equip and maintain such a place, was called the
"Flower Hospital,"
70 Annual Bbpoet op the
On the 15th of August, Privates LeRoy E. Walker and.
George F. Collette were transferred from E Compajiy to the
Hospital Corps of the United States Army.
On August 16th Private Elmer J. Jordan, of L Company, died
at the Fort McPherson Hospital, Atlanta, Ga.
On the 17th day of August, 1898, Private Clarence W. Betts,
of A Company, was appointed regimental sergeant-major, and
on the same day Musician Henry E. LeflSngwell, of the same
company, was transferred to the regimental non-commissioned
staff as a principal musician.
On August 18th Private William H. McArthur, of A Com-
pany, died at the Third Division Hospital at Femandina, Fla.
The same day William A. Sheffold, of F Company, deserted.
He subsequently, and on September 14th, surrendered himself
to a justice of the peace, and was mustered out November 2, 1898.
On the 18th day of August Adjutant Phelan was mustered in
as captain and adjutant, and on the 19th Quartermaster Alden
was mustered in as captain and quartermaster, in both instances
to date from May 11th, 1898.
On the 19th two other members of the regiment died at the
Third Division Hospital at Femandina, PSrivate Michael J.
•O'Brien, of 0 Company, and Private William J. Searing, of
L Company, both of typhoid fever.
On the 19th news was received that the regiment would not
be sent to Huntsville, but instead would go to Sand Lake, a
beautiful spot about ten miles from Troy, N. Y.
On the 21st of August, pursuant to telegraphic orders from
the Secretary of War, Private Worden A. Watson, of G Com-
pany, was discharged.
[Colonel JAMES H. LLOYD,
Second Regiment, N. Y, Vol. Infantry.
State Historian. 71
On the 21st day of August, Private Aner E. Powers, of M
Company, died at the Fort McPherson Hospital, Atlanta, of
typhoid fever, his being the twelfth death in the regiment.
On the 21st day of August the regiment received orders dated
the 19th, relieving it from duty with the Third Division of the
Fourth Army Corps, transferring it to the Department of the
East and directing it to proceed to Troy, N. Y. This order for
the regiment to go into camp near its own home was the result
of efforts made by the friends of the regiment who secured,
through the War Department, an order to have the camp sites
in the vicinity of Troy inspected. Major J. P. Story, acting
inspector on the staff of General Gillespie, commanding the
Department of the East, was detailed for that duty, and on
Augxist 20th he inspected and located a camp at Averill Park,
about nine miles southeast of Troy, which was subsequently
accepted by General Gillespie.
The feeling of friendship which had always existed between
the Sixty-ninth New York and the Second New York increased
very greatly about this time.
One day, as the Sixty-ninth New York, returning from a prac-
tice mai-ch, were passing along the road between the camps of the
Second New York and Third Pennsylvania, they were made the
objects of a volley of jibes, jeers and insulting remarks by a large
number of the men of the Pennsylvania regiment. To offset these
remarks, and to show the Pennsylvanians the kindly feeling which
they had for the Sixty-ninth, the men of the Second New York,
who had gathered in numbers along the opposite side of the road
from the Pennsylvanians, cheered and applauded their friends
from New York. This act, so quickly and gracefully performed
by the men of the Second New York, strengthened the feelings
72 Annual Report of the
of comradeship and good will between these two New York
regiments.
On the 24th of August the Quartermaster's Department having
arranged for the necessary transportation of the regiment, the
tents were taken down and the camp equipage was loaded onto
the cars. The wagon train belonging to the regiment was
divided among the regiments left at Fernandina. The Sixty-
ninth New York, with their military band, escorted the regiment
from their camp to the cars and gave them a rousing send off.
The first section, carrying the First Battalion, with Colonel
Hardin and the staff officers, under command of Lieutenant-
Colonel Lloyd, left at 4.20 p. m., the second section, with the
Second Battalion aboard, commanded by Major Yates, following
about 5.30, and the third section, in charge of Major Collin, leav-
ing about 6.45. The regiment had supper at Everett City, Ga.,
and the first section reached Columbia, S. C, at 7 a. m. the next
day for breakfast, reaching Charlotte, S. C, at noon, and Dan-
ville, Va., at 8 p. m., where the train remained for several hours
and until about 1 a. m. The second section andved about four
hours later at Columbia, S. C. The third section arrived at
Denmark, S. C, about 9.30 a. m., where a stop for breakfast
was made, and Columbia about 3 p.' m., with supper at Char-
lotte, N. C.
The first section, whicli left Danville about 1 a. m. on Friday,
the 27th, was sidetracked at Franklin Junction during the night,
and until the second section overtook the first, when both pro-
ceeded to Lynchburgh, Va. Breakfast was issued to the men
after the train had left Lynchburgh, and the officers secured
breakfast at Charlottesville, Va., where the train arrived about
1 o'clock. The three sections of the train arrived at Washington
State Historian. 73
Friday afternoon and evening, and were entertained by the New
York ladies of the Pension Bureau, who had provided a delicious
supper for the returning soldiers.
The first section arrived in Albany Saturday, the 27th, at 10.47
a. m. Owing to the desire of the citizens of Troy to have the
three sections of the train enter the city as nearly together as
possible, this section was sidetracked about midway between
Albany and Troy, where it was joined about 2 o'clock by the
second section. The third section arrived at Albany about 3
o'clock. The three sections were then started for Troy where
they arrived about ten or fifteen minutes apart, the last section
getting in soon after 4 o'clock.
At Troy the regiment was accorded a welcome that will always
remain a bright spot in the memory of those who were fortunate
enough to participate in it. The cordiality and unbounded
enthusiasm of the immense crowds which lined the streets showed
in what high esteem the members of the regiment were held by
their fellow-townspeople. The crowds from Troy were augmented
by people from Cohoes, Schenectady, Saratoga, Hoosick Falls,
Glens Falls and the other home stations of these volunteer
troops. The regiment was formed as rapidly as the dense crowds
would permit, and, escorted by the local militia companies, the
G. A. K. veterans and the police and fire departments of the city,
made a short parade through the streets. Every step of the way
the regiment was received with rousing cheers and tumultuous
applause. At the State Armory in Troy long tables were loaded
with delicious refreshments for the returning soldiers, and no
trouble or expense was spared to make the members of the regi-
ment comfortable.
74 Annual Report of the
Owing to the late hour the regiment had arrived it was decided
to have the men remain in the city that night. The First Bat-
talion was quartered in Germania Hall and the Second and
Third Battalions in the Armory. Early Sunday morning, the
28th, a start was made for the camp ground at Averill Park,
whither the members of the regiment were conveyed by the elec-
tric roads.
The. camp was located on a high hill overlooking Sand Lake.
Here the men found that, through the munificence of the people
of Troy, a complete system of water-works, with pumping station
and tank, had been put in for their use, and each tent had been
provided with a board floor. The tents were rapidly put up and
by nightfall the camp was well established. Fresh meats and
vegetables had been provided for the men by the Trojans, and a
hot dinner was enjoyed by all the men that night.
The baggage and camp equipage of the regiment had been
brought out in wagons from Troy Saturday afternoon, but owing
to the lack of oi^anization on the part of the persons engaged
in the work it was all dumped by the road side some distance
from the camp in almost inextricable confusion. To add to this
unfortunate condition one of the freight cars of the first section,
which had been left at Franklin Junction because of a broken
bumper, did not arrive with the last section, to which the rail-
road authorities had promised to attach it. This car contained
the regimental books and papers and the oflScers' baggage and
bedding, and did not reach Troy for several days.
The naming of this camp was intrusted by General Gillespie to
the Adjutant-General of the State of New York, who called it
Camp Hardin, thus paying a well-deserved compliment to the
colonel of the regiment, who had from the first been untiring in
State Historian. 75
On August 25th John L. Wylie, a sergeant of D Company,
died at the hospital at Fernandina, Fla., of typhoid fever.
On Sunday, August 28th, Private William S. Kennedy, of
A Company, died at his home in Troy of typhoid fever, and on
Tuesday, August 30th Private Warren A, Wilson, of K Company,
died at Fort McPherson Hospital, Atlanta, Ga., thus bringing
the death roll of the regiment up to fifteen.
Camp Hardin was the apparent Mecca of all the inhabitants
for a hundred miles around. The camp was crowded from early
morning until late at night by people who wanted to see " how
the soldiers lived," and it is not the province of this historian to
narrate the many ludicrous encounters between the soldiers and
the civilians. Suffice it to say that a lunch box was considered
by the owner as a sort of carte blanche to inspect every nook and
cranny in the camp. This continuous inspection proved so
annoying to the men who were sick that a guard had finally
to be put over the hospital tents to keep out the crowd of inquisi-
tive sightseers.
The change from the heat of Florida to the cool air of Averill
Park was so great that the men suffered at first during the cold
nights from insufficient clothing and covering. This was, how-
ever, speedily remedied, most of the men receiving from their
homes warmer clothes and additional blankets. The overcoats
which had been an encumbrance in Tampa and Fernandina
proved a blessing to all who had them, and the Sibley stoves,
which had not been in use since the regiment was at Camp
Black, were a positive luxury.
On August 30th occurred the first evening parade which the
regiment had held since leaving the burning sands of Tampa.
When the regiment reached Troy they found that Captain E.
R. Hills, of the Fifth Artillery, and Lieutenants George W.
76 Annual Report of the
Gatchell and Philip R. Ward, of the same regiment, who had been
detailed to muster out the regiment, had preceded them and work
was immediately begun on the books and papers of the regiment.
On August 31st Private Frank A. Putnam, of M Company, died
at the Third Division Hospital, Fernandinai Fla., of typhoid
fever, making a total of sixteen deaths in the regiment at this time.
On August 31st Private William J. Lockhart, of G Company,
was transferred to the U. S. Volunteer Signal Corps by
"Special Orders No. 200, A. G. O., August 29th, to date from July
5th, 1898, and on September 1st Private John Killian, of E Com-
pany, was discharged from the regiment, as of August 19th,
the day on which he had been discharged from the General Hos-
pital for the Insane at Washington, D. C.
On August 31st occurred the bi-monthly inspection and muster
of the regiment by Colonel Hardin.
On September 1st Private Felix Bahuie, of D Company, died
of typhoid fever at the Third Division Hospital at Fernandina,
Fla., and on September 4th the number of deaths was increased
to eighteen by the death of Private Edgar J. Olena, of D Com-
pany, who died at his home in the city of Troy.
On September 3d Private Hugh P. Blackington, of M Com-
pany, formerly regimental. sergeant-major, received his discharge
from the United States service for physical disability.
On September 6th Private Robertson Parker, of L Company,
died at the Third Division Hospital at Fernandina, Fla., of
typhoid fever, and on the same day Private Thomas W.
McNamara, of the same company, died at the Troy City Hospital,
bringing up the number on the death roll to twenty.
On the 7th of September the twenty-first death was recorded;
it was that of Private Frank Dewey, of D Company, who died at
the Third Division Hospital at Fernandina, Fla.
State Histoeian. 77
During the stay of the regiment at Camp Hardin short drills
were prescribed for the purpose of maintaining the discipline of
the regiment, but so many men were absent and so few of the
men present were physically able to do' any such duty that the
battalions could scarcely turn out enough men to make one full
company.
On September 9th Private Herbert Chapel, of M Company,
died at the Flower Hospital, Fernandina, Fla., of typhoid fever,
and on September 13th Private James A. Holden, of L Company,
died at the Troy City Hospital, making a total loss bj* death to
the regiment of twenty-three.
On September 13th was witnessed the last evening parade of
the Second Eegiment, New York Volunteers. It was generally
known before the parade that "it would be the last time this
beautiful ceremony would be gone through with by the regiment,
and the men, although happy at the thought of going home, felt
a sadness at the thought of parting from the companions with
whom they had been so intimately associated for so long. At the
close of the ceremony and before the companies marched past in
review, Colonel Hardin said a few words to the men of the regi-
ment and bade them good-bye and God-speed. The affectionate
regard in which the colonel was held by all the oflfloers and men
was apparent in the hearty and ringing cheers which greeted his
remarks, and in the way in which they subsequently gathered
around to cheer and applaud him.
It is doubtful if the scene witnessed at Camp Hardin on the
morning of September 14th ever has been duplicated. That day
the guard was mounted without rifles, belts or other equipment.
The men felt silly and foolish and they looked it. All the rifles,
belts and ordnance (except mess kits and cutlery) had been
78 Annual Report ob^ the
turned in to the ordnance officer. The sentinels that day and the
next carried sticks and stones as their insignia of office.
On the same day Major J. J. Edson, Jr., United States Volun-
teers, paid the men to September 1st, and on the next day Camp
Hardin passed into history.
On the evening of September 14th the officers messed for the
last time together. At the close of the dinner Colonel Hardin
made a short address to the other officers, wishing them all good
things in the future, and closed by presenting to Lieutenant Wil-
bur Eddy, of G Company, who had been the caterer for the offi-
cers' mess (luring all the time it had been in existence, a very
handsome set of table silver and cutlery, to the purchase of which
nearly all of the officers of the regiment had contributed.
Private James S. Magill, of A Company, was, on the 14th day
of September, 1898, discharged for disability.
On September 15th the men entered on their thirty day fur-
loughs granted by the War Department. Tents were taken down
and all government property turned in, and the First Battalion
was the first to leave the camp under command of Major Lester,
Major Yates followed with the Second Battalion, and the Third
Battalion left soon afterwards. The companies proceeded to
their home station and were dismissed, with orders to report on
the 14th of October.
The ovations received by the various companies at their home
stations testified to the keen interest which had followed the men
during their absence and the high regard which was entertained
by those at home for the men who had " volunteered to go to the
front."
On the 20th day of September, 1898, Corporal Horatio H.
Hayner, of A Company, died at his home in Tvoj, N. Y. of
typhoid fever.
State Historian. 79
On the 21st day of September Private Webster W. Nellis, of
H Company, died at his home in Amsterdam, N. Y., of typhoid
pneumonia, and on the 27th day of September Private Frederick
W. Jessup, of D Company, died of typhoid fever at his home in
Troy, N. Y., and on the 1st day of October Private Frank H.
Daniels, of E Company, died of pneumonia at Mount Pleasant,
near Schenectady, and on the 4th day of October the regiment
lost by typhoid fever its twenty-eighth member by the death of
Corporal Samuel C. Woodcock, of A Company, which occurred
at his home in Troy, N. Y.
On the 6th day of October, 1898, pursuant to orders from the
War Department, Lieutenant Rufus M. Townsend, of 0 Com-
pany, was honorably discharged from the service of the United
States as first lieutenant by reason of his appointment as com-
missary of subsistence, with the rank of major, in the United
States Volunteer service.
On the 13th day of October Corporal Frank L. Parks, Jr., of
K Company, died at his home in the village of South Glens Falls.
During the period of furlough Colonel E. E. Hardin was
detailed by the War Department to muster out the regiment,
taking the place of Captain Elbridge R. Hills, who was sent
elsewhere.
On the 14th of October the several companies of the regiment
assembled at their respective armories and awaited the pleasure
of the oflBcers detailed to muster them out.
The company commanders, in most instances, had one roll call
each day, holding the men so that they could be had on short
notice for the physical examination to which each man was
required to submit.
To conduct these examinations the War Department detailed
Captain James Stafford, assistant surgeon. Seventy-first Regi-
80 Annual Report of the
ment, New York Volunteers; Captain Ernest L. Ruflner, assist-
ant surgeon, Sixty-fifth Regiment, New York Volunteers, and
Captain Harry Mead, assistant surgeon, Sixty-fifth Regiment,
New York Volunteers.
In the meantime the officers were busily engaged in preparing
their muster-out rolls, which proved a tedious, as well as a diffi-
cult, task.
On the 18th of October Corporal Frederick P. McNair, of
L Company, died at his residence in Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
Prior to, his death, but after he was too ill to know of it. Corporal
McNair received a commission as second lieutenant in the Two
Hundred and Second Regiment, New York Volunteers.
On the 22d of October Private Andrew W. Bleakley, of D
Company, died of typhoid fever at the Fort McPherson Hospital,
Atlanta, Ga., and on the 23d day of October Private Royal T.
Roach, of K Company, died at his residence in Saratoga Springs,
bringing up the number on the death roll to thirty-two.
The surgeons began the physical examinations of the men in
Troy, examining the members of the Third Battalion in Troy
and Cohoes.
On the 25th of October Major Lester, Chaplain Esterbrook,
the non-commissioned staff, and A, C and D Companies, were paid
by Major E. S. Fowler and mustered out of the United States
service by Colonel Hardin in the State Armory in Troy, and on
the same day B Company was paid and mustered out by the same
officers in Cohoes.
On the 26th of October M Company was paid and mustered
out in the armory in Hoosick Falls.
On the 27th day of October L Company was paid and mustered
out in their armory at Saratoga Springs, and on the next day
State Historian. 81
I Company was paid and mustered out in tlieir armory at
Whitehall.
On Saturday, the 29th of October, K Company was visited by
the mustering officer and paymaster and mustered out of the
United States service in their armory at Glens Falls.
On Monday, the 31st, the mustering officer proceeded to muster
out the Third Battalion, on which day Major A. A. Yates and
Lieutenant G. de B. Green were mustered out. E and P Com-
panies were mustered out on the 31st day of October, 1898, by
the mustering officer and paid by the paymaster at the State
Armory in Schenectady, and on the 1st day of November H Com-
pany was paid and mustered out in the State Armory in Amster-
dam, and G Company was, on the same day, paid and mustered
out in the State Armory in Mohawk.
The thirty-two deaths in the regiment, heretofoi;e chronicled,
were divided among the companies as follows :
A Company, four; B, none; C, three; D, eight; E, one;
P, none; G, none; H, one; I, none; K, three; L, eight, and
M, four.
The First Battalion lost fifteen; the Second Battalion two,
and the Third Battalion fifteen.
Nineteen of the deaths in the regiment were of men who left
their home stations with their respective companies on May 2d,
1898, three of the deaths were of men who joined the regiment at
Camp Black before it was mustered into the United States service,
and only ten of the deaths were among the recruits who joined
the regiment in Tampa during the latter part of June.
Reports of the various commanding officers show that 5 officers
and 373 men of the regiment were seriously sick during their
service, 173 of whom, including officers, were guardsmen April
6
82 Annual Report of the
1st, 1898; 100 of whom, including officers, joined the guard
between April 1st, 1898, and May 19th, 1898, and the rest, 105,
were recruits who joined about the 1st of July.
On the 2d day of November Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Lloyd,
Major T. C. Collin, Captain G. M. Alden, Lieutenant T. W.
Hislop and Lieutenant W. S. Martin were mustered out.
Four of the officers of the regiment continued in the military
service of the United States. Chaplain Esterbrook was com-
missioned chaplain in the Two Hundred and Second Eegiment,
New York Volunteers; Captain Greenough, of I Company,
accepted a commission as first lieutenant of I Company in the
Twelfth New York Volunteers, and Lieutenant Wilbur Eddy, of
G Company, accepted a commission as lieutenant in the Twelfth
Regiment, New York Volunteers.
Major Baleh resigned his commission as major and surgeon of
the Second Regiment on the 10th day of October, 1898. His
resignation was accepted November 2d, 1898, and he was com-
mission by the President brigade surgeon, with rank of major
in the volunteer army of the United States, as of November 3d,
1898.
Captain Henry C. Baum was commissioned as major and
surgeon of the Second Regiment, New York Volunteers, on the
10th day of October, 1898, but was never mustered as such.
Captain Albert F. Bmgman was mustered out of the service
on the 10th day of December, 1898, and Captain Henry 0. Baum
was mustered out on the 13th day of December, 1898.
On the 27th day of December Captain James J. Phelan was
mustered out by Colonel Hardin, and on the same day Colonel
Hardin relinquished his commission and became again a captain
of the Seventh Infantry.
State Historian. 83
THE THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY, NEW YORK
VOLUNTEERS.
War between the United States and Spain being declared,
Congress passed an act to increase the army by volunteers and
authorizing the President to call for one hundred and twenty-five
thousand men. The President made his requisition upon the
Governor of the State of New York for twelve regiments of in-
fantry and two troops of cavalry, that being its quota, and
expressed a desire that the regiments of the National G«iard be
used as far as possible and to be fully armed and equipped ready
to take the field.
General Orders No. 8, Headquarters State of New York, dated
Adjutant-General's Office, Albany, April 27th, 1898; Brigadier-
General Peter C. Doyle, commanding the 4th Brigade, National
Guard, New York, was directed to organize one regiment from
the separate companies of his Brigade to be designated The Third
Regiment Infantry, National Guard, New York.
The regiment was organized pursuant to the above order, and
upon the suggration of the brigade commander, Brigadier-General
Edward M. Hoft'man, Inspector-General, S. N. Y., and Brigadier-
General William M. Kirby, General Inspector of Rifle Practice,
S. N. Y., were detailed by the Governor to act as Colonel and
Lieutenant-Colonel respectively; twelve separate companies of
the brigade constituted the regiment formed into three bat-
talions, and Captain William Wilson, 34th Separate Company,
and M. B. Butler of the 42nd Separate Company, were nomi-
nated as Majors.
Special Orders Nos. 70 and 72, Adjutant-General's Oflftce,
Albany, April 30th, 1898, directed the moving of the several com-
84 Annual Report of the
panics of the regiment from their home stations to Oamp Black,
Hempstead Plains, Long Island, N. Y., companies to consist of
one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, and
eighty-one enlisted men, to be fully uniformed, armed and
equipped, tents, cooking outfit, medicine chests and ammunition.
The companies embarked on May 1st, 1898, from their home
stations as follows, via the Erie Railway, under charge of Brig.-
Gen'l E. M. Hoffman :
42nd Separate Company, of Niagara Falls, Captain M. B. But-
ler, 4 p. m.
25th Separate Company, of Tonawanda, Captain H. M. Fales,
4.20 p. m.
4.3rd Separate Company, of Olean, Captain Richard H. Fran-
chot, 5.20 p. m.
47th Separate Company, of Hornellsville, Captain Frank G.
Babcock, 7.10 p. m.
30th Separate Company, of Elmira, Captain John T. Sadler,
9.30 p. m. .
Via the New York Central Railway under charge of Brig.-
Gen'l W. M. Kirby.
29th Separate Company, of Medina, Captain S. A. Ross,
5.30 p. m.
1st Separate Company, of Rochester, Captain B. L. Smith,
7.00 p. m.
8th Separate Company, of Rochester, Captain Henry B. Hen-
derson, 7.00 p. m.
34th Separate Company, of Geneva, Captain William Wilson,
8.00 p. m.
2nd Separate Company, of Auburn, Captain C. James Barber,
9.20 p. m.
General EDWARD MORRIS HOFFMAN,
Colonel, Third New York Volunteer Infantry.
Stath Histoeian. 85
48th Separate Company, of Oswego, Captain A. M. Hull, 9.20
p. m.
41st Separate Company, of Syracuse, Captain John G. Butler,
9.20 p. m.
The detachment that went over the N. Y. C. R. E. was the first
troops to march into Camp Black, arriving at about 9 o'clock
a. m. on May 2nd and occupied the second camp from the left of
the line. The other detachment arrived in camp at 3 o'clock p. m.
of the same day. Battalions were organized and companies were
assigned as follows:
FIRST BATTALION
Company D, 48th Separate Company, Oswego, Captain A. M.
Hall.
Company I, 43rd Separate Company, Clean, Captain R. H.
Franchot.
Company L, 30th Separate Company, Elmira, Captain John
T. Sadler.
Company K, 47th Separate Company, Hornellsville, Captain
Prank G. Babcock.
SECOND BATTALION.
Company A, 8th Separate Company, Rochester, Captain H. B.
Henderson.
Company M, 2nd Separate Company, Auburn, Captain C.
James Barber.
Company B, 34th Separate Company, Geneva, Captain J. G.
Stacey.
Company C, 41st Separate Company, Syracuse, Captain J. G.
Butler.
86 Annual Keport of the
third battalion.
Company F, 29tli Separate Company, Medina, Captain S. A.
Ross.
Company H, 1st Separate Company, Eochester, Captain B. L.
Smith.
Company E, 4:2nd Separate Company, Niagara Falls, Captain
H. W. McBean.
Company G, 25th Separate Company, Tonawanda, Captain
H. M. Fales.
The surgeons. Major W. M. Bemis, Lieutenants E. B. Howland
and A. F. Hodgman, were mustered into the United States ser-
vice May 6th and commenced the physical examination of the
officers and men on the 10th. About 5 per cent of the men failed
to pass the examination which necessitated filling vacancies thus
caused which was promptly done; about 85 per cent of the
members of the regiment as mustered into tJie United Service
were members of the National Guard, State of New York, before
the necessity for volunteers was apparent and were made up
from the best young men of the communities from which they
came.
On May 17th, 1898, the physical examination having been com-
pleted and muster rolls prepared, the regiment was paraded in
" line of masses " for muster at 2 o'clock p. m. when Captain
Walter S. Schuyler, 5th U. S. Cavalry, administered the oath.
Company D of Oswego being the first company of the first
battalion was mustered first, and as the men took off their hats
and raised the right hand, the oath w-as taken, and as the men
answered to the mustering officer's questions " We will," they were
State Historian. 87
cheered by the rest of the regiment; each company as mustered
received the same approval from their comrades. After the four
companies of the first battalion were mustered, Lieutenant-
Colonel W. M. Kirby was mustered with John A. Quigley as
battalion adjutant. Captain William Wilson was mustered as
major of the second battalion, and Captain* M. B. Butler was
mustered as major of the 3rd battalion, and 1st Lieutenant James
G. Stacey, 34th Separate Company, Company B, and Hector W.
McBean, 42nd Separate Company, Company E, were mustered
as captains of their companies to fill the vacancies caused by pro-
motions of their captains.
Captain and Adjutant Stephen F. Hart of the 22nd Regiment,
N. G., N. Y., was detailed by the Governor for duty as adjutant,
but his regiment being ordered to Camp Black, he was relieved
and returned to his regiment for duty.
Colonel Albert J. Myer, A. D. C. to Governor Black, being
nominated was mustered as adjutant on May 18th, 1898.
Captain A. M. Hall, Company D, was mustered as Major May
20th, 1898, being the third major; designations of battalions
being changed. Major Wilson to the first. Major Butler the sec-
ond and Major Hall the third, retaining these designations dur-
ing the service of the regiment.
On the 24:th day of May orders were received from the War De-
partment for the regiment to move at once to Dunn Loring, Va.,
Camp Russell A. Alger. After the muster-in of the regiment
considerable uncertainty prevailed among members as to what
disposition was to be made of the organization. Upon the re-
ceipt of the orders to move, all were pleased and anxious to leave
Camp Black, knowing little and caring less of the situations they
88 Annual Kei'ort of ^he
were to meet. Owing to severe lain storlns that were prevailing
at the time, it was impossible to break camp until August 28th,
at 10 a. m., when the regiment marched tQ the railroad station on
the Long Island Eailway where it embarked on three trains for
LoD^ Island City, when it was loaded on a ferryboat to be trans-
ferred to Jersey City. The regiment was received with enthu-
siastic demonstrations on every hand.
At Jersey City the regiment was embarked on three
trains to go over the Baltimore and, Ohio Eailway. The
oflScers were entertained at luncheon, by the officials of
the Railroad and at 7 o'clock the first train moved
out of the station with the Field and Staff of the regi-
ment and the first battalion, followed at ten minutes apart
by the other two battalions. The trains arrived in Washington,
D. C, at about 4 o'clock a. m. of the 29th, leaving the latter place
passed over Long Bridge over the Soutl)ern Railroad to Dunn
Loring, Va., arriving at about 8 o'clock a. m. same day. When
the regiment disembarked and formed " Hue of masses " stacked
arms and details loaded baggage and camp equipage on wagons
after which the march for Camp Alger w*as taken up, a distance
of about three miles, located on the farm of a man by the name
of Campbil, and about thrc* miles southwest of Falls Church,
Va. The roads being good, a lii;ht r.ain during the night having
settle*! the dust, tlie men being in exicllent condition, the march
was made with but one halt. The troops that had already arrived
at the camji accorded the new-comers a* hearty welcome. The
cajiil' ■^■'if made in a field co\ered with underbrush and weeds,
facing s(mth, with headquarters on rising ground in the edge of
the woods. The country near the camp was nearly wild land.
State Historian. 89
very little under cultivation ; the fences were so covered by bushes
and young trees that they were nearly invisible; the woods were
impenetrable from vines, undergrowth and swamps. The regi-
ment was assigned to the first brigade (the other two regiments
being the 22nd Kansas and 159th Indiana) second division,
second army corps. The corps commander was Major-General
William M. Graham, Division commander Brig.-General George
W. Davis, Brigade commander Brig.-General Mark W. Sheafe. In
a very short time the grounds throughout the camp were graded
into streets; the brush was cleared away, bridges w«re built
across the stream on the left of the camp, roads constructed in
various directions from the camp. When the camp was made
there was only one way to leave the field in which it was, and
that was the route the regiment took to enter it.
The 3rd Missouri Infantry Volunteers came into Camp in the
p. m. of the same day and camped in the same field which was
said to contain sixteen acres. This regiment was not uniformed
or equipped. The colonel, George P. Gross, had served in the
Confederate service during the civil war. Both regiments were
obliged to use the same parade ground; the warmest friendship
sprang up between the two " Third Regiments " (Missouri and
New York), which was continued until the regiments were mus-
tered out of the service. Before leaving Camp Black, Colonel
Hoffman was notified that the society of the Sons of the Revolu-
tion would present a set of colors (State and National) to the
regiment. Colors were not issued to the organizations by the
State. Owing to delay in the manufacturing the colors were not
received until after the arrival of the regiment at Camp Alger,
90 Annual Report off the
to which place they were forwarded, accompanied by the follow-
ing letter:
" OfBce of the Secretary, Sons of the Revolution,
146 Broadway, New York, June 6th, 1898.
Col. Edward M. Hoffman,
3rd Regt. Infantry^ N. Y. Vols.,
Camp Alger, Falls Church, Va. :
Sir. — I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your favor of
the 2nd instant. My letter of the 3rd iden. will have informed
you of the cause of delay in sending you the set of colors accepted
by yoti on the 14th ultimo. I am very glad to advise you now
that the colors were sent to you by Southern Express on Saturday
afternoon, all charges paid, and I trust they will reach you in
good order. On behalf of the Society let me say that we give
these flags into your hands as an evidence of our admiration and
our accord for and with men who go forth to maintain the prin-
ciples of Truth, Justice and Liberty, of which our flag is an em-
blem. We know that though trials and hardships shall come
they will be borne as only brave men do meet and endure them
and if need be die for their Country.
We wish you God speed. Respectfully,
TALBOT OLYPHAJsTT,
Chairman Committee."
Colonel Hoffman acknowledged the receipt of the letter and
colors on June 8th expressing to the society the sincere thanks
of the regiment for their most beautiful gift and trust. The
colors were ofQcially turned over to the regiment at the regi-
mental parade on the evening of June 7th by the ceremony of
" Escort to the Colors," Company L being the escort ; Com-
pany H (1st Separate Company) being the color company.
The first payment made to the regiment for service in the U. S.
Army was received on the 8th day of June ; it was a welcome day
and paymaster.
The work of instructions and preparing the regiment for active
service was continued with much vigor. The camp was not
State Historian. 91
favorably located and the small drill grounds were divided with
the 3rd Missouri Volunteers. Not more than one battalion of each
regiment could occupy the drill grounds at a time. As a result two
battalions of the regiment went out on short marches each day
and were instructed in extended order, drill through the woods
and over rough ground, by which much valuable experience was
gained. Water for both drinking and cooking was for some
time carried by the men in boilers, kettles and canteens nearly
a mile. There were no facilities in camp for bathing; malaria
was more or less prevalent; the water for drinking purposes was
not of the best and there were other unhealthy conditions which
resulted in much sickness and an outbreak of typhoid fever, from
which cause the regiment suffered a heavy loss of its oflSoers and
enlisted men.
Aliout June 7th orders were promulgated by the War Depart-
ment that the volunteer regiments should be increased to the
maximum strength of 106 men to the company. To comply with
the order an oflScer and four non-commissioned offlcers (one from
each company) from each battalion, were directed to proceed to
their home stations for the purpose of securing the required num-
ber of recruits. They departed on June 9th; Captain John G.
Butler from the 1st Battalion with headquarters at Syracuse;
Captain Hector W. McBean of the 2nd Battalion with head-
quarters at Niagara Falls, and Captain John T. Sadler of the
3rd Battalion with headquarters at Elmira. The details found no
diflBculty in obtaining the recruits, ten, men offering their services
where one could be accepted. Something over three hundred
men were added to the strength of the regiment by the 26th of
June and assigned to their several companies and in a very short
time were lost sight of as recruits.
92 Annual Kbport of the
To give all an opportunity to bathe and to change the monotony
of camp life, the first brigade excepting the 22nd Kansas regi-
ment was ordered to march to the Allen farm on Difficult Run^
distance about eleven miles, near the Potomac River where
there was a large spring and to remain there two days.
The brigade under command of Colonel Barnett of the 159th
Indiana moved early on the morning of June 22nd, men carrying
knapsacks, canteens, blankets, ponchos and shelter tents. The
weather was extremely warm; about four hours were consumed
in the march out; it was conducted the same as though the com-
mand was passing through an enemy's country, one battalion as
advance guard, one for rear guard, the entire column being
covered by flankers. A few of the men were overcome by the heat
but rejoined their companies shortly after the arrival.
Much unjust criticism was afterwards passed on the "severity"
of this march by newspapers at the home stations of the com-
panies, growing out of the ridiculously false stories sent home
by one or two of the men in a spirit of mischief, and which were
much exaggerated in publication. It was stated among other
things that several of the men died as a result of the strain to
which they were subjected and that many were made sick. The
facts are that not one man was in the hospital during the absence
of the regiment, and only one who did not make the return march,
he being disabled by cutting his foot while bathing. At the Allen
farm out post duty was performed by each battalion. The men
were camped under shelter tents for the first time, and much
practical good was accomplished for the men and organizations.
The return march was made in about five hours and in good shape.
There was not a breach of discipline in either regiment during
the tour.
State Historian. 93
About June 28th Company O, 41st Separate Company, and
Company F; 29th Separate Company, under command of Cap-
tain John G. Butler, the senior ofiQcer, were detailed for guard
duty over commissary stores at Dunn Loring, taking their camp
equipage and were on that duty until July 19th when they were
relieved and joined the regiment.
June 29th Adjutant Albert J. Myer received notice of promotion
to major of the 202nd Regiment Infantry, New York Volunteers,
and instructions to report for duty as such and took his leave
of the 3rd Raiment that day, much to the regret of the many
friends he had made by his courteous and gentlemanly conduct
to all.
July 5th, Lieutenant-Colonel Kirby was detailed as Provost-
Marshal General of the 2nd Army Corps with station at Corps
Headquarters.
On July 19th the brigade was reviewed by Brig.-Gen'l Mark
W. Sheafe.
July 26th the Third Battalion, Major A. M. Hall commanding,
was placed on detached duty as a portion of the corps provost
guard. Three battalions then constituting the guard (48th
Separate Company) Company D, and the (47th Separate Com-
pany) Company K, doing duty in and about the camp; the (43rd
Separate Company) Company I, was camped at Falls Church;
the (30th Separate Company) Company L, was camped at the
Aqueduct Bridge, with a detachment at the Chain Bridge near
Washington, D. C. This battalion remained on this duty until
August 12th on which day they were relieved and returned to
the old regimental camp.
The Commanding General, W. M. Graham, caused the following
communication to be addressed to Colonel Hoffman :
94 Annual Report of the
" To the Commanding Officer,
3rd N. Y. Vols.
Sir. — The commanding General desires me to express to you
his satisfaction at the conduct of the Third Battalion of your
regiment while on duty as provost guard. He has several times
personally observed the bearing and manner of the men at Falls
Church and at the Aqueduct Bridge and has been pleased to
notice that they have performed their onerous and often disagree-
able duties with tact and firmness which deserves the highest
commendation. He wishes these x'emarks to be published to your
regiment and a copy of this paper furnished Major A. M. Hall,
3rd N. Y. Vols., Commanding Third Battalion.
Very respectfully,
0. S. ROBERTS,
Adjutant-General."
The above letter was published to every regiment in the corps
and complimentary communications from the corps commander
being the exception, it was especially gratifying; the duty was
not a pleasant one, but being selected for such work was an
assurance of confidence which the letter justifies.
During the last days of July sickness in all organizations con-
tinued to increase to such an extent tliat it was determined to
abandon Camp Alger. The first Division of the Corps was moved
to near Dunn Loring, each organization was given sufficient
ground to make a proper and healthful camp, which was the
contrary at Camp Alger.
The Second Division was to move to or near Manassas, Va.,
with the view of " shaking off the fever " and finding a suitable
camping round for the corps.
About 8 p. m. on August 2nd, under S. O. 70, Headquaxters,
2nd A. C, the regiment was directed to break camp on the morn-
ing of August 3rd and to march at 6 o'clock in the direction of
Manassas Junction, taking five days' rations in wagons. (See
G. O. No. 13, Headquarters, 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd A. C,
State Historian. 95
Augiist 2iid, and S. O. 70, Headquarters 2nd Army Corps.)
Instruction was given that the men march as light as possible.
The extra baggage of the regiment to be sent to Dunn Loring to
be shipped by rail to Manassas Junction. The work of packing
the extra baggage proceeded immediately, though the heaviest
thunder storm of the season was raging at the time. The Quarter-
master's Department was up all night drawing and issuing sup-
plies, in order that there might be no delay when the order for
march was given on the 3rd inst. By 6 o'clock on August 3rd
the regiment, with the exception of the Third Battalioq,, con-
sisting of Companies I, K, L and D, who were detailed
for provost duty under Major Hall, were ready to march.
Shortly after 8 o'clock word was received from Corps Head-
quai'ters that something was wrong with the wagon trains, and
to prepare noon mess in camp. At 10 o'clock this order was
countermanded and assembly sounded. At 10.05 a. m. the com-
mand to march was given, and the regiment as part of the First
Brigade, Second Division, marched to the camp of the 159th
Indiana, and took position as rear regiment of the First Brigade.'
The heavy rain of the night previous had settled the dust, so the
main cause for complaining on the recent march to Allen's farm,
or DiflScult Run, was removed, but the temperature was high, in
the neighborhood of ninety, and the humidity near the point of
saturation. Under the circumstances, the rests were frequent
and of sufficient duration to allow for recovery from the heat
and fatigue.
The regiment had not marched more than two miles from camp
before the stragglers from the preceding commands began to line
both sides of the road, due to temporary exhaustion and lack of
discipline.
96 Annual Report of the
At 12.25 a halt was made and arms were stacked in an open
field wi tliout a vestige of shelter from the snn. There was five min-
utes rest at 10.35 ; eleven minutes rest at 10.55 ; two minutes rest
at 11.25 ; five minutes rest at 11.35 ; twelve minutes rest at 11.48 ;
halted for dinner at 12.25 and the march resumed at 1.45 p. m.
Up to this time very few men from this regiment left the ranks,
but as the afternoon wore on and the heat increased, men were
dropping every few moments, though in a great many instances,
they did so under instructions from their commanding offtcers,
in order to look after men who, more or less, were in need of as-
sistance. The record of the rests in the afternoon shows, con-
clusively, that the greatest care was taken to save the men as
much as possible under the circumstances. Rests were as
follows: eighteen minutes rest at 2.05; sixteen minutes rest at
2.49 ; twenty minutes rest at 3.19 ; ten minutes rest at 8.52 ; ten
minutes rest at 4.32.
The regiment arrived at Burkes Station at 5.25 p. m., in better
condition physically and numerically than any other regiment of
the Second Division. The Captains of the eight companies re-
ported a total of only thirty five men missing at retreat roll call.
Camp was pitched in an open field, abutting the embankment of
the main line of the Southern Railroad, at the bottom of a slight
slope, adjoining the Marshall estate on the east. Water was
scarce and of questionable purity. The main source of supply
was from the tank at Burkes Station, ordinarily used to supply
the locomotives. This was soon riled by men indiscriminately
dipping their canteens into it, which made it unfit for further
use. There was a small stream about one-eighth of a mile west
of the camp with water three feet deep, in which the men bathed.
State Historian. 97
The regiment was called upon for a large number of details
for outpost duty, fully one hundred and fifty officers, non-com-
missioned officers and men, being dispatched to surrounding
estates, to prevent depredations.
On the morning of the 4th the First Battalion under Major
Wilson, were ordered out as provost guard. They were relieved
in the afternoon by the Second Battalion under Captain J. G.
Butler, Major M. B. Butler being detailed as Brigade Officer of
ihe Day, and Colonel Hoffman as Division Officer of the Dav.
The regiment continued on Provost duty until the ma^ch was
, taken up the next day.
The wagon trains reached camp early in the morning of the
4th, so there was an abundance of supplies of hard-tack and
coffee, potatoes and canned meats. Company F under Cap-
tain Tales and Lieutenant Nice were detailed to round up the
stragglers, who had journeyed to Manassas by train, their in-
tention being to remain until the arrival of the Division. They
succeeded in capturing about eighty of the wayward ones from
different commands, among which, the Third New York was not
represented.
The rain descended in torrents from 9 p. m. on August 4th
until 3 a. m. August 5th.
The regiment left camp at Burkes Station Friday, August 5th,
as rear guard to the Second Division, at 6.45 a. m., moving in a
southwestward direction. The morning was clear and cool, and
the preceding commands had worked the roads into an excellent
condition. The regiment was halted at 7.05, and resumed march
at 7.18,, a thirteen minute rest; rested again at 7.27, and started
at 7.54, a rest of twenty-seven minutes ; rested again at 8.04 and
started at 8.39, a rest of thirty-five minutes.
7
98 Annual Eeport of the
Up to this point there lay considerable up-hill marching.
Bests were more than sufiQcient to allow the men to recover.
Rested from 9.05 to 9.08. At 9.10 passed the Happoldt estate
on the right. At 9.24 reached gangsters Cross roads, where the
troops rested until 9.45, and then swung around to a north of
west direction, in an opposite direction to the road leading to
Wolf Run Shoals. Halted at 10.10, started at 10.25, and
marched through a mountainous defile, over a heavy and hilly
road. Rested from 10.57 to 11.17. At 11.51 halted at the Crouch
estate, where the men filled their canteens. Started at 12.22 and
halted at 12.38. Arrived at Bull Run Field at 12.50. A resume
shows that the regiment was actually marching three hours and
seven minutes and resting two hours and fifty-eight minutes.
That the day was an ideal one for marching is proved by the fact,
that all the men answered to their names at roll call, immediately
after reaching camp.
Tents were pitched on a slight bluff, adjoining the woods, which
aligned the east bank of Bull Run Creek. The efficiency of the
Quartermaster's Department is conclusively proved by the fact
that though the regiment was the rear guard of the Division,
the supply wagons were parked close to the raiment not later
than 3.30 p. m. and the hue and cry about lack of food was
entirely without foundation. Headquarters was situated close
to an old redoubt, at the northwesterly end of the line of in-
trenchments, thrown up by the Confederate General Jubal A.
Early in 1861. The whole Second Division was encamped in one
large field, this being made feasible by the nature of the ground,
which was undulating. Considerable difficulty was again en-
countered in the water supply. Drinking water was only
obtained after carrying it from points from a half mile to two
Field Officers, Tlnird Regiment, New Yorl< Volunteer Infantry.
State Histoeian. 99
miles distant. There was one spring a short distance from the
camp, but the run on it was so great that it was soon exhausted.
Bull Run Creek was considerably swollen by the recent rains
and saturated with yellow clay. The men used it for bathing
and washing purposes.
The camp presented an exceedingly picturesque appearance at
night. The lights from the shelter tents of nearly all the regi-
loents were visible and resembled a good sized town as viewed
from a distance. After " taps," the mess fires dotted the land-
scape, and the lurid flames from the burning logs, which listened
the white shelter tents, formed a glorious sight. Company G
was detailed, while at this camp, as Provost Guard at Clifton.
The regiment broke camp and started as vanguard to the First
Brigade at 5.55 a. m., Sunday morning, August 7th. Owing to
the swollen state of Bull Rrm Creek, the fording of it was im-
possible, and a detail of engineers and men from the Division
under command of former Lieutenant J. B. Mitchell, and Second
Lieutenant Frederick T. Eigabroadt, constructed a bridge, using
dismantled array wagons for piers. This was made at Yates
Ford, which the regiment reached at 6.12 a. m. Marched across at
6.18, rest of six minutes. Ascended a very steep hill on the other
side and reached opposite the Peet House from 6.35 to 6.50;
rested from C.o5 to 7.16; rested again from 7.48 just outside
Manassas and resumed march at 8.22, through Manassas at 8.45
and past the Manassas battlefield and monument at 8.50 to the
tune of " Mama's little pumpkin colored Coon." A halt was
made at 9.10 after the rear guard was clear of the town.
The roads the other side of Manassas were very dusty and the
almost total absence of water for drinking purposes caused a
good deal of complaining in the ranks. It was impossible to
100 Annual Report op thh
obtain' water from the few inhabitants along the line of march,
as the provost guard at each place had definite instructions to
refuse admittance to ofScers and men alike to the grounds.
The march was resumed at 9.25 and the regiment halted at
9.58 for twenty minutes on account of the extreme heat,
straggling being prevalent in both battalions. Colonel Hoffman
made a personal tour in search of water, but it was impossible
to obtain any.
Guilfords Mills reached at 10.25. At 10.27 the regiment forded
Broad Run in two places, the march being taken up after the
last company had crossed, and at 10.55 the regiment reached
camp in a field near Bristoe. Some of the men showed signs of
fatigue, which was mainly due to the excessive heat and to thirst.
A resume shows that the regiment marched for three hours and
seventeen minutes and rested one hour and forty-three minutes.
Tents were pitched in the open field, bordering Broad Run Creek,
which was even muddier than Bull Run had been. This was
without exception the most favorable and the most convenient
camp ground for bathing of all the sites occupied by the Division,
and the regiment was singularly fortunate in being so situated.
Considerable difficulty was met with in driving the mules
through the creek at Guilfords Mills, but in spite of this the last
wagon reached camp before 7 o'clock.
On Monday, the 8th, the entire regiment was in bathing during
the day, which greatly refreshed the men and removed all evi-
dence of fatigue from the march the day previous. As usual the
supply of drinking water was very limited, and what there was
of it was situated two miles from camp, which fact caused con-
siderable grumbling.
State Historian. 101
A very heavy wind storm visited the camp on the afternoon of
the Sth and Colonel Hoffman and his staff spent about an hour
holding on to the adjutant's office to keep it from being blown
out of camp. About 8 p. m. a heavy rain set in and lasted well
through the night. Many of the men were driven out of their
shelter tents and spent the long hours drying themselves before a
huge camp fire, which they managed to start. Officers and men
alike heaped maledictions upon the weather god and the mut-
terings of the men acted as an accompaniment to the echoes
that the thunder awakened among the hills. Company M was
detailed as Provost Guard at this camp.
Tuesday, August 9th, was cloudy and threatening. The regi-
ment marched out of camp as the rear guard of the First Brigade,
at 8 a. m., taking a southwesterly direction. The roads were
muddy and very heavy. A halt was ordered at 8.12, and the
march resumed at 8.23 ; again halted at 8.36, and a thirty minute
rest given. March was resumed at 9.06, and the direction
changed to north northwest. Another halt occurred at 9.17 and
the march resumed at 9.37. At 10 o'clock Broad Run was
reached and all dismounted officers and men were instructed to
remove all clothing except shirts and hats, the water being waist
deep. Considerable merriment was caused by this proceeding
and amateur photographers busied themselves taking snap shots.
The band got safely across and then sat on the opposite bank and
helped the regiment across to the tune of " Suwanee River " and
" On the Banks of the Wabash." A solitary rabbit was started
out of the bushes when a couple of hundred men, clad in blue
shirts, dried themselves by chasing him across the field. The
march was resumed at 10.50 a. m. and at 11.16 the regiment halted
W2 Annual Report of the
for a twelve minute rest. At 11.30 a. rh. it began to rain. At
12.05 a halt was ordered, and scanty lunches consisting prin-
cipally of hard tack were eaten in a heavy downpouring rain.
The roads grew worse at e\ery step, the mud was always ankle
deep, and in many instances over the shpe tops. A great many
pairs of government shoes showed that their principal ingredient
was brown paper. The soles were ripped off by the sticky mud.
The uppers were removed and thrown away and bare feet sub-
stituted.
Gainesville was passed at 1 o'clock p. m. in a pouring rain.
There were no dry places in the road, so the men were ordered to
hold their fours intact and cover files, the result being the entire
command was splashed with mud from head to foot. Between
Broad Run and Gainesville a color sergeabt of Mosby's guerillas,
clad in Confederate uniform and carrying a banner with a coat
of arms of the state of Virginia and its motto, '' Sic Semper
Tyrannis " emerged from the roadside, and allied himself with
the band, which tuned out the stirring '' Dixie " in his honor.
This gentleman lent his presence to the* regiment for some dis
tance, then stepped from the ranks while the regiment passed in
review, each company cheering him in turn. Haymarket was
reached at 1.40 p. iii. At 1..50 a halt for seventeen minutes was
made. The Delaney Homestead was passed at 2.25. The regi-
ment was again halted at 2,45 to 2.56. and the men sat by the
roadside, and whistled and sang, with thte rain still pouring.
Thoroughfare was reached at 2.50, and a halt made in the
wood^, the other side of the town, at 3.15. The march was re
sumod at 3.30 up hill and in three inches of mud. A small strean
with the water knee deep ^^■as forded at thil-i point.
State Historian. 103
The camp ground was reached and arms stacked at 4.20 p. m.
A resume shows that the regiment marched five hours and four
minutes, and rested three hours and sixteen minutes, covering
a distance of about fourteen miles. Shelter tents were imme'
diately pitched on the side of a hill, which had been ploughed
less than six months previous, and the ground was so soft
that the tent pegs hardly took hold. Such trenches as could
be dug with the limited supply of implements at hand were
about half completed when the heaviest rain of the day set in.
All the mess fires were drowned out. The company streets were
a perfect quagmire, and the mud anywhere from three to nine
inches deep.
Company H was the only company of all to keep a mess
fire burning, which they did by detailing men to hold ponchos
over it. All of the rest of the companies and ofQcers went to
sleep in wet clothes, on the wet ground, supperless. The efficiency
of the Quartermaster's Department was again demonstrated by
the presence of the entire regimental wagon train in camp not
later than 6 o'clock. Everyone in camp was miserable the next
day. Very few men had a change of underwear and still fewer
a change of outside clothes, so that they were forced to remain
encased in their saturated garments until they were dried by heat
frum the body.
The regiment wallowed in the sea of mud for three days, and
then transferred camp to a pine grove, adjoining the Third
Missouri regiment. The spot was an ideal one and a paradise
in comparison with the place that had just been left. The water
supply for drinking and cooking and washing was abundant and
pure. Drills were resumed on the usual hours and the daily
routine of camp life once more went into effect.
104 Annual Rei-ort of the
Every evening after parade an immense camp fire was lighted
near Colonel Hoffman's tent. The band discoursed sweet music
and Headquarters were enlivened by the presence of Brigadier-
General Sheaf e, his staff and bevies of the fairest maids in Vir-
ginia. Dances, dinner parties and private theatricals were held
in the surrounding homesteads at which a goodly portion of the
oflScers of the Third New York Volunteer Infantry were always
to be found. Enough Virginia " moonshine " found its way into
camp to cheer, but not inebriate the heroes of the forty-two mile
march from Camp Alger to Thoroughfare Gap.
On August the 22nd the regiment was ordered to relieve the
Second Tennessee, which had been detailed to Provost Guard
duty. All of the men were well housed and fed while doing
provost duty and Captain McBean and twenty-five men from
Company E were royally entertained by the hospitable citizens
of Warrenton, at which they were stationed.
The regiment broke camp at 7.15 a. m. on August 29th and
proceeded in two sections via Washington to Camp Meade at
Middletown, Pa. The first section reached Camp Meade the
same night; the second section under command of Major Butler
reached Washington at noon and remained until 3 p. m. ; the
Woman's Relief Corps fed the men so well that they distributed
their hard tack and other rations to the people gathered at the
stations of the towns through which the Battalion passed.
As stated in the foregoing the Third Battalion of the regiment
remained on duty at Camp Alger as provost guard until August
12, when it was relieved by a battalion from the Seventh Ohio
regiment. On the same day a tremendous rain storm prevailed,
swelling all the streams to such an extent that all the bridges
in tlie neighborhood were washed away. A raging torrent came
Camps of Third Regiment, New Yorl< Volunteers.
State Historian. 105
down from the hills, and the lowlands were overflowed to a depth
of from four to five feet. It was with the greatest difficulty that
the Ohio troops relieved the outposts and detachments of the
Third Battalion were obliged to wade in water to their arm pits
to get into camp. An ambulance from the First Division hoi>-
pital, transferring four sick men to the camp, was overturned lu
one of the streams. The mules were drowned and the men in
the ambulance were rescued with diflSculty by a detachment from
the Third Missouri regiment that had been left behind to care for
the tentage and baggage of that command. As a result of this
storm and the consequent exposure and the long stay in the in-
fected camp many ^ases of typhoid fever developed. Some of
the sick men were sent to the hospital at Fort Myer, others to
Garfield Hospital, Washington, and still others were taken to
Camp Meade and from there transferred to hospitals in Phila-
delphia. On August 16 the detachments left behind, by the 159th
Indiana and the 22nd Kansas regiments, were placed under com-
mand of Major Hall and on August 18th the Brigade broke camp
and marched to Dunn Loring. General Graham, the corps com-
mander, had in the meantime transferred his headquarters to
Camp Meade. It was with difficulty that enough wagons were
secured from the surrounding country to transfer the great
amount of baggage, all the tentage, many extra uniforms and
other property left behind when the Division marched to Thor-
oughfare Gap. In the work of transfer the Regimental Quarter-
master, Lieutenant Anthime W. La Kose, was assisted
by First Lieutenant F. J. Miller, of Company G, both
of these officers showing much energy and efSciency in
the work. The Battalion, with detachments from the other
two regiments arrived at Camp Meade, near Middletown,
106 Annual Rei-ort of the
Pa., on the morning of August 19, and went into camp
in a large field on the Young farm on high ground,
overlooking the Susquehanna river. There was an abundance of
good water. The next few days were consumed in preparing the
camp for the other troops that were expected from Thoroughfare,
in piping the water from company kitchens and digging sinks and
drains. This work was accomplished under the direction and
supervision of Lieutenant Thurber A. Brown, of Company L. On
Aii!?;nst 29th Colonel Hoffman, with the First Battalion, arrived
at Camp Meade and the Second Battalion, under Major Butler,
arrived the following day. Battalion drills were at once re-
sumed. The regiment remained here until September 12th, at
which date the companies started for their home stations. At
Elmira, on the morning of September 13th, the regiment dis-
embarked and paraded, and partook of a substantial breakfast
prepared by the ladies of the city. Here also two beautiful loving
cups were presented, one each to Colonel Hoffman and Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Kirby, by the officers of the regiment. Before leaving
Camp Meade the regiment had a joint evening parade with the
Third Missouri, the warmest friendship having been maintained
between the two regiments. On this occasion a very handsome
and costly loving cup was presented to the Third Missouri by the
enlisted men of the Third New York. The cup now occupies a
conspicuous place in the public library building at Kansas City.
At Elmira good-byes were said and the companies departed for
their home stations, enthusiastic demonstrations of welcome
being made at each city. On arrival at home stations officers and
men were furloughed for thirty days. This furlough was after-
wards extended and the companies were mustered out of the
service on the following dates, by Captain Elbridge R. Hills, of
S'l'ATE Historian. 107
the Fifth U. S. Artillery, assisted by Lieutenant George W.
Gatchell, of the same regiment.
feecond and Forty-flrst Separate Companies, November 30;
Forty-eighth Separate Company, December 1st; Thirty-fourth
Separate Company, December 3d; First, Eighth and Twenty-
ninth Separate Companies, December 5; Forty-second Separate
Company, December 6; Twenty-fifth Separate Company, Decem-
ber 7; Forty-third Separate Company, December 8th; Forty-
seventh Separate Company, December 9th; Thirtieth Separate
Company and field and staff, December 10, 1898.
The roster, officers and enlisted men of the regiment at the
date of muster out were as follows :
The following is the military record of the officers and non-
commissioned staflt' oflicers :
Colonel Edward Morris Hoffman.
Private, Co. D, 110th Battalion, N. G. N. Y,, Oct. 1, 1874;
second lieutenant, April 7 1877; first lieutenant, 30th Separate
Company, November 29, 1881; lieutenant-colonel and assistant
adjutant, 7th Brigade, December 6, 1884 ; supernumerary, August
5, 18&(5; first lieutenant, 30th Separate Company, May 11, 1887;
captain, September 4, 1890 ; inspector general, S. N. Y., December
31, 1S96; colonel, 3rd Regiment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., May 17,
1898; mustered out with regiment, December 10, 1898. Died at
Albany, N. Y., May 15, 1901, while adjutant general of the State
of New York.
Lieutenant-Colonel William Maurice Kiriy.
Private, 3rd Regiment, Artillery, N. Y. Vols., January 1, 1862 ;
second lieutenant, March 10, 1862; first lieutenant, July 3, 1863;
captain, February 17, 1865 ; was honorably discharged with regi-
108 Annual Report of the
ment, July 8, 1865; wounded, December 16, 1862, at Whitehall,
N. C. ; made prisoner of war, February 2, 1864, at Beach Grove,
N. C. ; escaped from prison and reported for duty, January 16,
1865. First lieutenant and adjutant, 49th Regiment, N. G. N. Y.,
November 29, 1876; lieutenant-colonel, February 20, 1880; cap-
tain, 2nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 11, 1881 ; inspector
of rifle practice, S. N. Y., January 1, 1897; lieutenant-colonel, 3rd
Regiment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., May 17, 1898; mustered out
with regiment, December 10, 1898.
Major William Wilson.
Private, 34th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., January 21, 1880 ;
first lieutenant, February 23, 1882; captain, October 6, 1884;
major, 3rd Regiment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., May 17, 1898; mus-
tered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
Major Mighells Bachman Butler.
Second lieutenant, 42nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y.,
November 9, 1885; captain, January 13, 1891; major, 3rd Regi-
ment, Infantry, N. ,Y. Vols., May 17, 1898; mustered out with
regiment, December 10, 1898.
Major Albert Mortimer Hall.
Private, 29th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., April 10, 1882;
dropped, December 24, 1884; taken up, May 23, 1886; sergeant.
May 4, 1887; first sergeant, June 5, 1888; first lieutenant, Feb-
ruary 10, 1890; captain, October 14, 1890; transferred to 48th
Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 13, 1892; major, 3rd Regi-
ment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., May 20, 1898; mustered out with
regiment, December 10, 1898.
State Histokian. 109
Captain and Adjutant Frank Eugene Smith.
Private, 30th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., March 1, 1883;
corporal, April 21, 1885 ; sergeant, January 3, 1888 ; first sergeant,
May 5, 1894; second lientenant, December 30, 1895; second lieu-
tenant, 3rd Begiment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., May 17, 1898; first
lieutenant and battalion adjutant. May 20, 1898; captain and
adjutant, August 20, 1898; mustered out with regiment, Decem-
ber 10, 1898.
Captain and Adjutant Albert James Myer.
Cadet, U. S. Military Academy, September 1, 1881, to July 1,
1882; private, First Corps Cadets, Boston, Mass., December 10,
1884, to June 24, 1885; first lieutenant, 65th Eegiment, N. G.
If. Y., November 15, 1887; captain, November 14, 1889; major,
May 22, 1893 ; honorably discharged, February 12, 1895 ; aide-de-
camp to Governor Black, January 1, 1897; adjutant, 3rd Regi-
ment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., May 17, 1898; resigned to accept
promotion as major, 202nd Eegiment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., June
29, 1898.
Captain and Adjutant John Aloysi/us Quigley.
Private, Co. E, 22nd Regiment, N. G. N. Y., April 6, 1883;
corporal, September 22, 1884; sergeant, January 27, 1886; first
aergeant, January 25, 1887; first lieutenant. May 4, 1887; honor-
ably discharged, February 7, 1894; private, 2nd Separate Com-
pany, N. G. N. Y., June 5, 1894; sergeant, November 24, 1894;
second lieutenant, March 6, 1890; first lieutenant and battalion
adjutant, 3rd Regiment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., May 17, 1898;
captain and adjutant, June 29, 1898 \ not mustered. Died, August
19, 1898.
110 Annual Eeport of the
Captain and Quartermaster Anthime Watson La Rose.
Private, Co. D, 10th Battalion, October 16, 1883; first ser-
geant, October 20, 1883; second lieutenant, July 10, 1884; first
lieutenant. May 30, 1888; resigned, January 19, 1892; major and
assistant in Inspector-General's Department, September 20, 1892;
captain and quartermaster, 3rd Regiment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols.,
May 17, 1898; mustered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
Major and Surgeon WilUam Marvin Bemis.
First lieutenant and assistant surgeon, 13th Separate Company,
N. G. N. y., September 23, 1887; major and surgeon, 3rd Regi-
ment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., May 6, 1898; mustered out with regi-
ment, December 10, 1898.
Captain and Assistant Fiurgeon Reeve Beecher Bowland.
Private, 30th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., January 9, 1897 ;
first lieutenant and assistant surgeon, March 4, 1898; captain
and assistant surgeon, 3rd Regiment, Infantry, N. Y. Vols., May
6, 1808 ; mustered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
Captain and Assistant Surgeon Alfred Frederick Hodgman.
Private, 2nd Septirate. Company, N. G. N. Y., December 30,
1890; first lieutenant and assistant surgeon, February 20, 1893;
captain and assistant surgeon, 3rd Regiment, Infantry, N. Y.
Vols., May 6, 1898; mustered out with regiment, December 10,
1898.
First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant John A. Quigley.
See captain and adjutant.
First TAeutenant and Battalion Adjutant Frank E. Smith.
See captain and adjutant.
State Historian. Ill
First lAeutenant and Battalion Adjutant Jam,es B. Mitchell.
Private, 41st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., July 14, 1893;
dropped, Sei)teinber 28, 1893; taken up, September 28, 1895; sec-
ond lieutenant, February 19, 1896 ; mustered into the U. S. service
as second lieutenant, May 18, 1898; first lieutenant and battalion
adjutant, June 20, 1898 ; resigned to accept commission as second
lieutenant in U. S. Army, July 24, 1898.
Chaplain James Wilson Brainard.
Mustered into the U. S. service. May 17, 1898; mustered out
with regiment, December 10, 1898.
NON-COMMISSIONBD SXAPF.
Sergeant-Major George A. WardlaiC.
Private, 41st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 16, 1898;
mustered as private, Co. C, May 17, 1898; appointed sergeant-
major, September 23, 1898; vice Clarence E. Brayton, died;
mustered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
Sergeant-Major Clarence E. Brayton.
Private, 41st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., March 12, 1893;
corporal, December 5, 1893; sergeant, December 1, 1897; mus-
tered into the CJ. S. service as sergeant-major, May 17, 1898;
second lieutenant, September 1, 1898; died, September 20, 1898.
Quartermaster-Sergeant Albert M. Steele.
Private, May 1, 1898, 1st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y.;
mustered into the U. S. service as private, Co. H, May 17, 1898;
appointed corporal, July 2, 1898; appointed regimental quarter-
master-sergeant, September 8, 1898; vice Herbert A. Morgan,
discharged; mustered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
112 Annual Report ov the
Quartermanter-fiergeant Herbert A. Morgan.
Private, 2nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., December 17,
1889; promoted to company quartermaslei'-sergeant, September
5, 1893; mustered into the U. S. service as regimental quarter-
master-sergeant, May 17, 1898; discharged, June 22, 1898, to
accept position of clerk in commissary department.
Hospital Steward Oscar H. C Towne.
Private, 25th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., July 30, 1895;
mustered into the U. S. service as hospital steward. May 17,
1898; died, September 10, 1898.
Hospital Steward Alexander C. Tuck,
Private, 25th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., July 8, 1891;
detailed as musician, May 10, 1893: honorably discharged, Octo-
ber 17, 1896; re-enlisted, October 17, 1896; mustered into the
U. S. service as private. May 17, 1898; promoted to hospital
steward. May 20, 1898; mustered out with reginient, December
10, 1898.
Hospital Steward George J. Lewis.
Private, 1st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., December 5, 1895;
mustered into U. S. service as private, May 17, 1898; promoted
to hospital steward, May 17, 1898; mustered out with regiment,
December 10, 1898.
Chief Musician Arnold, F. Hager.
Private, 30th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., March 29, 1898;
mustered into the U. S. service as chief musician, May 17, 1898;
mustered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
State Historian. 113-
Principal Mv^iciaoi Lewis V. S. St. Clare.
Musician, 5th U. S. Infantry, December 19, 1871; honorably
discharged, June 13, 1876; re-entered in 8th U. S. Cavalry,
August 10, 1879; honorably discharged, February 10, 1884 j
re-enlisted in 10th U. S. Infantry, April 3, 1889; honorably dis-
charged, June 30, 1891 ; musician, 47th Separate Company, N. G.
N. Y. ; mustered into U. S. service as principal musician, May
17, 1898; mustered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
Principal Musician John E. Frazer.
Musician, 30th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y. ; mustered into
the U. S. service as musician, Co. L, May 17, 1898; promoted
to principal musician with regimental band, August 1, 1898; mus-
tered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
Color Bearer William B. Young.
Private, 1st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y. ; corporal, Febru-
ary 16, 1894; sergeant, December 16, 1895; mustered into the
U. S. service. May 17, 1898 ; appointed color sergeant, June, 1898 ;
mustered out with regiment, December 5, 1898.
Color Bearer Serjeant Emmet M. Could.
Private, 43rd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., April 11, 1887;
corporal, November 21, 1891 ; dropped, June 16, 1893 ; taken up,
March 28, 1898; honorably discharged, April 16, 1898; re-enlisted,
April 25, 1898; mustered into U. S. service, May 17, 1898; ser-
geant. May 19, 1898; appointed color bearer, June, 1898; mus-
tered out with regiment, December 8, 1898.
The Regimental Band was organized August 1, 1898, with
Arnold F. Hager as chief musician, and John B. Frazer as prin-
cipal musician. The following men were transferred to the
8
114 Annual Eei'ort of the
band; Musician Frank A. Yattan, Co. A; Privates Frank B.
Pritchard and John Stearns, Co. K; Musician A. A. Westcott,
Co. L; Private Leonard K. Myers and Musicians Ed. J. Nicht
and Fred H. Stout, Co. M. The following men were obtained by
enlistment: Frederick R. Cotton, Daniel Henderson, Albert J.
King, C. W. A. Marks, John McBride, George W. Maynard,
Edward E. Orr, William Wadner. On the return of the com-
panies to their home stations the members of the band were
transferred back to their companies for the purpose of subsist-
ence till muster-out.
Company Officers.
Company A.
Captain Henry B. Henderson.
Private, Co. E, 54th Regiment, August 24, 1863; second
lieutenant, March 2, 1864; one hundred days' service, U. S. V.,
July 26, 1864; discharged, November 10, 1864; captain, July 12,
1865; 8th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., December 10, 1880;
mustered into U. S. service, May 17, 1898; mustered out with
regiment, December 5, 1898.
First L-ieutenant Fredericlt W. C Bailey.
Private, Co. E, 54th Regiment, N. G. N. Y., October 2, 1878;
corporal, 8th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., April 5, 1881; ser-
geant, April 5, 3886; second lieutenant, March 2, 1887; first
lieutenant, September 22, 1890 ; mustered into U. S. service, May
17, 1898; mustered out with regiment, December 5, 1899.
Second Lieutenant Fred T. Eigabroadt.
Private, March 18, 1885; corporal, February 25, 1889; ser-
geant, March 11, 1890; second lieutenant, February 13, 1891;
mustei'ed into U. S. service. May 17, 1898; mustered out with
regiment, December 5, 1898.
State Historian. 115
Company B.
Gaptam James 6. Stacey.
Private, 34th Separate GompaBy, N. G. N. Y., January 7, 1882 ;
quartermaster-sergeant, May 21, 1883; honorably discharged,
February 8, 1887 ; re-enlisted, December 1, 1888 ; honorably dis-
charged, February 7, 1891; first lieutenant, September 4, 1893;
mustered into the U. S. service, May 17, 1898 ; mustered out with
regiment, December 3, 1898.
First Iiieutejiant William L. McKay.
Private, 34th Separate Gompany, N. G. N. Y., March
second lieutenant, September 4, 1893; mustered into the
vice, May 17, 1898; mustered out with regiment, Dec
1898.
Becond Lieutenant George E. Gasper.
Private, 34th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., April 29, 1880 ;
corporal. May 21, 1885; sergeant, July 6, 1886; mustered into the
U. S. service as first sergeant. May 17, 1898 ; promoted to second
lieutenant, December 2, 1898, vice Webster, resigned; mustered
out with regiment, December 3, 1898.
Second Lieut&nant Horace WeTister.
Private, 34th Separate Gompany, N. G. N. Y. ; corporal, June
2, 1894; second lieutenant, October 15, 1896; mustered into the
U. S. service. May 17, 1898; resigned, October 26, 1898, to accept
second lieutenancy in 203rd Kegiment, N. Y. Vols.
Company C.
Gaptam John G. Butler.
Captain, 3rd Raiment, N. Y. Vols., April 21, 1861 ; lieutenant-
colonel, 147th Regiment, N. Y. Vols., September 13, 1862 ; colonel.
.116 Annual Rkfort of the
Pebruary 4, 1S63; honorably discharged, November 5, 1863;
•captain, 41st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., April 12, 1888;
mustered into the U. S. service, May 17, 1898; mustered out with
regiment, November 30, 1898.
First Lieutenant Prank J. Miller.
Private, 41st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., July 14, 1893;
■first lieutenant, June 9, 1896; mustered into the U. S. service.
May 17, 1898; mustered out with regiment, November 30, 1898.
■Second Lieutenant Harry V. Pierce.
Private and non-commissioned officer of the 41st Separate
-Company, N. G. N. Y. ; mustered into the TJ. S. service as ser-
.rgeant, May 17, 1898 ; promoted to second lieutenant, June 5, 1898,
vice Mitchell, promoted to battalion adjutant.
Second Lieutena/nt Jarnies B. Mitchell.
See First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant.
Company D.
•Oaptam De Solvo H. Tifft.
Private, Co. A, 48th Regiment, N. G. N. Y., March 17, 1870;
■discharged, January 31, 1879; private, Co. F, 48th Regiment
(38th Separate Company), May 2, 1879; corporal, July 26, 1881;
«ergeant, April 25, 1883 ; first sergeant. May 10, 1884 ; discharged,
September 2, 1884; first lieutenant, July 12, 1886; transfetred
to 48th Separate Company, May 13, 1892; mustered into the
U. S. service as first lieutenant. May 17, 1898; captain. May 20,
1898; mustered out with regiment, December 1, 1898.
daptairt Albert M. Hall.
See Major.
State Historian. 117
First Lieutenant Frederick L. Patthurg.
Private, Co. H, 4th Regiment, N. J. N. G., May, 1893; cor-
-poral, September, 1894; dropped, December, 1895; second lieu-
-tenant, 48tL Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., June 9, 1896;
mustered into the U. S. service as second lieutenant. May 17,
1898 ; first lieutenant. May 20, 1898 ; mustered out with regiment,
December 1, 1898.
Second Lieutenant John McDonald.
Private, 29th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., March 22,
1889 ; corporal. May 12, 1890 ; transferred to 48th Separate Com-
pany, May 13, 1892; first sergeant, December 16, 1892; mustered
into U. S. service as first sergeant, May 17, 1898; second lieuten-
ant. May 20, 1898; mustered out with regiment, December 1,
1898.
Company E.
■Captain Hector McBean.
Private, 4:2nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., April 30, 1888;
corporal, February 25, 1892; sergeant, January 3, 1895; first
lieutenant, February 3, 1897; mustered into the U. S. service
as captain. May 17, 1898; mustered out with regiment, December
«, 1898.
First Lieutenant Samuel J. Mason.
Private, 42nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., November 20,
1885; sergeant, December 31, 1885; first sergeant, February 27,
1892; second lieutenant, June 3, 1896; mustered into tha U. S.
service as first lieutenant, May 17, 1898; mustered out with
regiment, December 6, 1898.
118 Annual Kbport of the
Second Lieutenant Francis C. Deveaux.
Enlisted in the 42nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y.; mus-
tered into the U. S. service as first sergeant, May 17, 1898; sec-
ond lieutenant, ilay 20, 1898; mustered out with regiment, De-
cember 6, 1898.
Company F.
Captain Sanderson A. Ross.
29th Separate Company. N. G. N. Y., December 28, 1891; mus-
tered into the U. S. service, May 17, 1898; mustered out with
regiment, December 5, 1898.
First Lieutenant James S. Brahtard.
29th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., December 28, 1891 ; mus-
tered into the T). S. service. May 17, 1898; mustered out with
regiment, December 5, 1898.
Second Lieutenamt Algernon B. Shattuck.
Private, 29th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., December 28,
1891; sergeant. May 2i, 1894:; returned to ranks, June 7, 1897;
sergeant, January 3, 1898 ; mustered into the U. S. service as sec-
ond lieutenant. May 17, 1898; mustered cut with regiment, De-
cember 5, 1898.
Company (f.
Captain Henry M. Fales.
Private, 42nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., April 5, 1887;
first lieutenant, 25th Separate Company, May 25, 1891; captain,
November 28, 1892; mustered into the U. S. service. May 17,
1898; mustered out with regiment, December 7, 1898.
First Lieutenant John L. Nice.
Private, 25th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 25, 1891;
sergeant. May 26, 1891 ; first lieutenant, February 3, 1893 ; mus-
Statpe Historian. 119
tered into the U. S. service, May 17, 1898; mustered out with
regiment, December 7, 1898.
Second Lieutenant Charles B. Lentz.
Private, 25th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 25, 1891;
corporal, April 2, 1892; sergeant, May 13, 1893; dropped, July
21, 1 894 ; taken up as private, October 17, 1896 ; corporal, Novem-
ber 7, 1896; sergeant, October 25, 1897; second lieutenant, De-
cember 17, 1897; mustered into the U. S. service, May 17, 1898;
mustered out with regiment, December 7, 1898.
Company E.
Captain Murray W. Crosiy.
Private, 1st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., October 8, 1891;
corporal, November 2, 1894; sergeant, July 25, 1895; second
lieutenant, February 19, 1896; mustered into the U. 6. service
as first lieutenant. May 17, 1898; captain, September 10, 1898,
vice Smith, died; mustered out with regiment, December 5.
1898.
Captain Lester B. Smith.
Private, 1st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 19, 1890;
sergeant, August 11, 1890; second lieutenant, April 19, 1893;
captain, June 13, 1894; mustered into the U. S. service. May 17,
1898; died, August 17, 1898.
First Lieutenant Frank G. Smith.
Private, 1st Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 19, 1890;
corporal, August 11, 1890; sergeant, July 3, 1891; mustered into
the U. S. service as second lieutenant, May 17, 1898; first lieu-
tenant, September 10, 1898; mustered out with regiment, Decem-
ber 5, 1898.
120 Annual Report of the
Second Lieutenant George A. Grenville.
Private, 2iid Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., February 27,.
1884 ; dropped, March 26, 1885 ; private, 30th Separate Company,
November 17, 1885; corporal, March 30, 1888; transferred to 1st
Separate Company, February 14, 1891; sergeant, June 1, 1891:
mustered into the U. S. service as first sergeant. May 17, 1898;
second lieutenant, October 1, 1898; mustered out with regiment,
December 5, 1898.
Company I.
Captain Riclmrd H. Franchot.
Second lieutenant, 43rd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., July
14, 1890; captain, December 14, 1894; mustered into the U. S,
service. May 17, 1898; mustered out mth regiment, December
8, 1898.
First Li^tenant George M. Mayer.
Private, 43rd Separate Company, September 1, 1891; sergeant,
April 30, 1892; first sergeant, May 19, 1894; second lieutenant,
June 27, 1895 ; mustered into the U. S. service as first lieutenant,
May 17, 1898; mustered out with regiment, December 8, 1898.
Second Lieutenant Henry H. Weber.
Private, 43rd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., April 7, 1889;
sergeant, April 30, 1892; returned to ranks at his own request,
April 1, 1893; corporal, June 16, 1893; sergeant, October 9,
1895; mustered into the U. S. service. May 17, 1898; mustered
out with regiment, December 8, 1898.
Company K.
Captain Francis G. Babcock, Jr.
First lieutenant, 47th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., Septem-
ber 30, 1891; captain, March 9, 1897; mustered into the U. S.
Field and Staff, Third Regiment, N. Y. V. I.
State Historian. 121
service, May 17, 1898; mustered out with regiment, December
«, 1898.
First lAeutenant \Villda/m 8. Charles.
Private, 47th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., September 29,
1891; second lieutenant, December 23, 1891; first lieutenant,
May 22, 1897; mustered into the U. S. service, May 17, 1898;
mustered out with regiment, December 9, 1898.
Second Lieutenant George H. Grosoenot:
Private, 47th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., Septenjber 30,
1891; corporal, May 6, 1893; sergeant,, April 25, 1896; first ser-
geant, January 17, 1898; mustered into the U. S. service. May
17, 1898; mustered out with regimeut, December 9, 1898.
Company L.
<!aptain John T. Sadler.
Corporal, Co. D, 110th Battalion, N. G. N. Y., October 1, 1874;
sergeant, March 3, 1876; first sergeant, April 7, 1877; second
lieutenant, 30th Separate Company, N. (i. N. Y., November 29,
1881; major and inspector, 7tli Brigade, December 6, 1884;
supernumerary, August 5, 1886 ; second lieutenant, 30th Separate
Company, May 17, 1887; first lieutenant, October 24, 1890; cap-
tain, April 3, 1897; mustered into the U. S. service, May 17, 1898;
mustered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
First Lieutenant TMirier A. Brown.
Private, 30th Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., April 28, 1885 ;
<5orporal, April 27, 1886; sergeant, September 16, 1890; second
lieutenant, November 25, 1890; first lieutenant. May 27, 1897;
mustered into the U. S. service. May 17, 1898 ; mustered out with
regiment, December 10, 1898.
122 Annual Report of the
Second Lieutenatit Leon A. Merrill.
Private, 30th Separate Company, ]^. G. N. Y., April 19, 1887;
corporal, December 20, 1890; sergeant, November 4, 1893; first
sergeant, January 25, 1896; mustered into the U. S. service as
first sergeant, May 17, 1898; second lieutenant, May 20, 1898;
mustered out with regiment, December 10, 1898.
Company M.
Captain Clarence J. Barber.
Private, Co. H, 54th Regiment, N. G. N. Y., August 29, 1877;
corporal, December, 1877 ; sergeant, 1878 ; discharged by disband-
ment; private, 2nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 24, 1881;
corporal, June 14, 1881 ; sergeant, December 30, 1882 ; second
lieutenant, May 3, 1887 ; first lieutenant, April 25, 1890 ; captain,
June 22, 1897; mustered into the U. S. service, May 17, 1898;
mustered out with regiment, November 30, 1898.
First Lieutenant Edgar S. Jennings.
Private, 2nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., March* 20, 1891 ;
corporal. May 19, 1894; sergeant. May 19, 1896; first sergeant.
May 1, 1898 ; mustered into the U. S. service as second lieuten-
ant. May 17, 1898; first lieutenant, September 19, 1898; mus-
tered out witib. regiment, November 30, 1898.
First Lieutenant George W. NelUs.
Private, 2nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 24, 1881;
corporal, June 14, 1881; sergeant, June 17, 1886; discharged,
November 22, 1887; re-enlisted, September 26, 1889; second lieu-
tenant, January 27, 1894; first lieutenant, December 23, 1897;
mustered into the TJ. S. service. May 17, 1898; resigned to accept
promotion as captain and commissary U. S. Vols.
First Lieutenant John B. Holland.
Private, Co. H, 7th Regiment, N. G. N. Y., November 13, 1865 ;
corporal, August 14, 1871 ; sergeant, December 13, 1875 ; first
State Historian. 123
sergeant, February 15, 1S79; first lieutenant, December 4, 1888;
major and A. D. C, February 25, 1898; mustered into the U. S.
service, June 30, 1898 ; resigned, September 3, 1898.
Second Lieutenant Alton W. Montgomery.
Private, 2nd Separate Company, N. G. N. Y., May 19, 1889;
corporal, October 21, 1893; sergeant, February 22, 1896; mus-
tered into the U. S. service, May 17, 1898; first sergeant, June
20, 1898; second lieutenant, September 16, 1898; mustered out
with regiment, November 30, 1898.
KosTE'R OF Field, Staff and Non-Commissioned Staff at Date
OF MUSTEE-OUT.
Kank. Names.
Colonel Edward M. HofiEman.
Lieutenant-Colonel William M. Kirby.
Major ^ William Wilson.
Major .Mighells B. Butler.
Major •. Albert M. Hall.
Regimental Adjutant Frank Eugene Smith.
Regimental Quartermaster Anthime W. LaRose.
Surgeon. William M. Bemus.
Assistant Surgeon Alfred F. Hodgman.
Assistant Surgeon Reeve B. Howland.
Chaplain James W. Brainard.
Sergeant-Major George A. Wardlaw.
Quartermaster-Sergeant Albert M. Steele.
Hospital Steward George J. Lewis.
Hospital Steward Alexander C. Tuck.
Chief Musician Arnold F. Hager.
Principal Musician Lewis V. S. St. Clare.
Principal Musician John E. Frazer.
124 Annual Report op 'ehe
Discharged.
Regimental Adjutant ; Albert J. Myer.
Battalion Adjutant James B. Mitchell.
Quartermaster-Sergeant Herbert A. Morgan.
Died.
Regimental Adjutant Jobn A. Quigley, August 19,
189.S ; typhoid fever.
Sergeant-Major Clarence E. Brayton, September
20, 1S98 ; typhoid fever.
The casualties of the regiment while in tlie service numbered-
33. The first officer to die was Captain L.estcr Boardman Smith,
of Company H (First Separate (Jompany, Rochester), who died
of typhoid fever at Rochester, X. Y., on August 17, His death
was announced in the following order:
Headquarters 3rd Regiment, N. Y. V. I.,
(\imp near Thnroiighfare Gap, Va., in the Field,.
August 19, 1898.
Or^ders I
No. 69. j
li is with tlie dcrpesi grief that lli.c Commanding Ofiflcer
annouii'es the drath of Captain Lester Boardman Smith of this
regiiiirut, wlio died at his homi^ in Rochester on the 17th day
of Aniiiist. ISOS, of disea.-:e iiicuritd in the line of duty with his
reciiiient.
CiiTitain Smith entered tlie service of the, State of New York as
a iirivute in tlie 1st Separate (^^onipany, >'. G. X. Y., May 19th,
18!)(l, was proiiiiited to Sergeant August; 11th. 189(1, to Second
Liemenant Oel.iber llth, 189-, to First Lieutenant April 19th,
18(tT:, and to Captain -June IStli. 1894. Upon the first call for
State Historian. 125-
troops by President McKinley he volunteered with his company
on May 1st, 1898, and was mustered into the service of the-
United States as Captain in the 3rd Regiment, N. Y. V. I., on the
17th of May, 1898.
The death of Captain Smitlx is a severe loss to the regiment,
he having, by his industry and study, become an exceedingly
competent officer by his attention to duty and high character,
and by the example he set to his men he has been of great benefit
in raising and keeping up the high standard of the regiment. Of
a most genial and happy disposition socially, and possessing to
such a large degree the most lovable traits of character, he
endeared himself to every member of this regiment.
The usual badge of mourning will be worn by the officers of
the regiment for thirty days.
By order of Colonel Hoffman;
FRAJs'K B. SMITH,
Acting Regimental Adjutant.
On August 19th occurred the death of Regimental Adjutant
John Aloysius Quigley, Avho died of typhoid fever at Auburn,.
N. Y. His. death was announced in the following order:
Headquarters 3rd Regiment, N. Y. V. I.,
In the Field near Thoroughfare Gap, Va.,.
August 19th, 1898.
Orders )
No. 70. j
It is the painful duty of the Commanding Officer to announce
the death of First Lieutenant and Adjutant John Aloysius
Quigley of this regiment, who died at his home in Auburn,
N. Y., to-day of typhoid fever, which disease he contracted while
on duty with his regiment.
126 Annual Ebpoet of the
Lieutenant Quigley entered the military service as private,
Company E, 22ud Regiment, N. G. N. Y., April 6tli, 1883, was
promoted to Corporal September 22nd, 1884, to Sergeant January
27th, J886, to First Sergeant January 25th, 1887, First Lieuten-
ant May 4th, 1887, and honorably discharged February 7th,
1894. He enlisted in the 2nd Separate Company June 5th, 1894,
was promoted to Sergeant November 24th, 1894, and to Second
Lieutenant March 6th, 1896, and volunteered with his company
on the first call for troops by President McKinley on May 1st,
1898, was mustered into the service of the United States as First
Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant May 17th, 1898. Appointed:
Regimental Adjutant August 1st, 1898.
Lieutenant Quigley's military service has been characterized
by a wonderful fidelity to duty and loyalty to the service in
which he was engaged. Of high military attainment, filling to
the fullest extent every position he occupied and every duty
assigned to him with honor and credit to himself and to his
organization. Personally of a retiring disposition, but withal
a most genial and companionable man, honorable and brave to
the highest degree and fulfilling the highest ideal of a man and
soldier. By his genial and happy ways and the many friendly
acts he has performed he has endeared himself to every member
of the regiment.
The usual badge of mourning will be worn by the officers of the
regiment for thirty days.
By order of Colonel Hoffman:
FRANK B. SMITH,
Acting Regimental Adjutant.
State Histoeian. 127
Tlie deaths of these two excellent officers caused great sorrow
throughout the command. Both were exceedingly popular among
officers and men alike. The only other officer to give up his life
in the service was Second Lieutenant Clarence E. Brayton, who
died of typhoid fever on September 20th, at Harrisburg, Pa.,
after the regiment left Camp Meade. He died without knowing
of his promotion to Second Lieutenant, he having served with
great efficiency as Sergeant-Major.
Several other deaths occurred among the enlisted men after
the companies were mustered out of the service, typhoid fever
having developed during the period of furlough. Private Thomas
D. Gill, of Oswego, Company D, died of quick consumption the
day after his company left the service.
This completes the record of the 3rd New York Volunteer
Infantry, unquestionably one of the best that New York sent
into the service. Made up, as it was, of separate companies,
which always maintained the highest standard, it followed that
the regimental standard should be high also. As an evidence
of the esprit da corps in the regiment it is noted that it was in
service more than three months before it became necessary to
discipline a single member through the medium of a summary
or delinquency court. Officers and men alike worked to a com-
mon end. It attained a high degree of efficiency in drill and disci-
pline, and, had the fortunes of war thrown it into conflict, it
would have acquitted itself with honor and credit alike to the
National Guard and to the State of New York.
128 Annual P'^port of the
HISTOEY OF THE SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT, NEW YOEK
VOLUNTEERS.
Headquai'ters 69th N. Y. Vol. Infy,
Camp U. S. Troops, Tampa, Florida,
June 23rd, 1898.
Hugh Hastings, Esq., State Historian, Albany, N. Y. :
Dear Sir. — Inclosed please find a report of our doings for the
first month that we have been in camp. I send this in compli-
ance with your suggestion of the 31st ult., and will continue to
«end reports in monthly.
Very respectfully yours,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel 69th N. Y. Vol. Infantry, Commanding.
On Monday, April 25th, I received a telegram from General
Charles F. Roe, commanding Fifth Brigade, National Guard
New York, requesting information as to the number of officers
and men of the Sixty-ninth who would volunteer to serve in the
armies of the United States for a period of two years, unless
sooner discharged. On the following day at noon I reported,
personally, to General Roe that the Sixty-ninth Regiment would
volunteer to a unit to serve anywhere that the country might
require its services. The regiment at that time consisted of
eight companies, numbering 31 officers and 529 enlisted men.
I was at once directed by Adjutant-General Tillinghast to
recruit the regiment to twelve companies, of three officers and
eighty-one men each.
The work was begun without delay, and on Monday morning,
May 2nd, the regiment marched from its armory with full ranks
and proceeded to Camp Black at Hempstead Plains, Long
State Historian. 129
Island, New York, reporting to General Roe. On arrival at that
point tents were pitched and tlie work of drilling and equipping
the regiment for active service was begun. The roster of the
oflScers of the regiment at this time was as follows:
Edward Duffy, Colonel.
Joseph L. Donovan, Lieutenant-Colonel.
Thomas P. Lynch, Major First Battalion.
Michael J. Spellman, Major Second Battalion.
John A. Davidson, Regimental Adjutant.
John A. Delaney, Regimental Quartermaster.
George W. Collins, Surgeon.
Frank L. R. Tettamore, Assistant Surgeon.
William J. B. Daly, Chaplain.
COMPANY A.
Michael Lynch, Captain.
Patrick M. Haran, First Lieutenant.
William F. Guilfoyle, Second Lieutenant.
COMPANY B.
Edward T. McCrystal, Captain.
John J. Henry, First Lieutenant.
Mortimer M. O' Sullivan, Second Lieutenant.
COMPANY c.
, Captain.
Thomas J. Quinn, First Lieutenant.
Patrick McKenna, Second Lieutenant.
COMPANY D.
James Plunket, Captain.
Christopher H. R. Woodward, First Lieutenant.
James J. Tuite, Second Lieutenant.
9
130 Annual Report of the
company e.
John E. O'Brien, Captain.
Nicholas J. Ryan, First Lieutenant.
John F. Bolger, Second Lieutenant.
COMPANY p.
Thomas J. Griffin, Captain.
Philip E. Reville, First Lieutenant.
, James H. Little, Second Lieutenant.
COMPANY G.
John E. Duffy, Captain.
James M. Cronin, First Lieutenant.
Bernard F. Cummings, Second Lieutenant.
COMPANY H.
Daniel C. Devlin, Captain.
T. Hill Leary, First Lieutenant.
Peter W. Maguire, Second Lieutenant.
COMPANY I.
Charles Healy, Captain.
Patrick J. Molahan, First Lieutenant.
Granville T. Emmett, Second Lieutenant.
COMPANY K.
Daniel McCarthy, Captain.
Francis J. Keaney, First Lieutenant.
Edward P. Gilgar, Second Lieutenant.
COMPANY L.
Hugh J. Barron, Captain.
William J. P. McCrystal, First Lieutenant.
Francis J. Cronin, Second Lieutenant.
Stai-b Historian. 131
company m.
John J. Eoche, Captain.
John J. Kennedy, First Lieutenant.
John P. Devane, Second Lieutenant.
During the next twenty-two days much was accomplished,
notwithstanding the unprecedented inclemency of the weather.
For the season of the year the cold and almost continuous rain
was unparalleled in the history of the vicinity, and, consequently,
worked many hardships that were entirely unexpected at that
time. That no serious illness resulted from the long exposure
proves the hardiness of the command, and that its numerical
strength never lessened gives additional evidence that in case
of need its services to the country would be such as to sustain
its rioble traditions.
On Monday, May 16th, the first list of recommended promo-
tions while in the field was sent to Governor Black, being
intended to fill vacancies in the field and staff of the regiment.
This list read as follows:
First Lieutenant John J. Kennedy to be Captain of Company C.
First Lieutenant John J. Eyan to be Captain of Company E.
Second Lieutenant Edward P. Gilgar to be First Lieutenant
and Battalion Adjutant.
Second Lieutenant John F. Bolger to be First Lieutenant of
Company E.
John P. Devane to be First Lieutenant of Company M.
Sergeant-Major John P. Scanlon to be Second Lieutenant of
Company E.
First Sergeant L. J. F. Eooney to be Second Lieutenant of
Company M.
132 Annual Report ob'' the
On Thursday, May 19tli, the regiment was mustered into the
service of the United States by battalions amid the greatest
enthusiasm of officers and men, an especial pride being shown
in the fact that every member of the regiment who had passed
the Surgeon's physical examination answered his name as the
Musiering Ofiicer called it and took the oath of fealty to the
Government. The Mustering Officer on this occasion was Cap-
tain Schuyler, United States Army.
After the ceremony of mustering on May 19th the regiment
was presented with a handsome stand of colors by " The Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick," of the city of New York, the presentation
address being made by Judge James Fitzgerald, of New York
city. The stand consisted of the National and State emblems
and the historic gretm flag of Ireland.
On Friday, May 20 th, the regiment received with enthusiasm
the order to proceed to Ghickamauga and report to General
Brooke, U. S. Army, and on Tuesday, May 24th, it moved, passing
en route through the streets of New York city from the Thirty-
fourth street ferry on the East river to the Twenty-third street
ferry on the North river. During this parade the citizens of New
York city showed by their many marks of appreciation that the
course of the regiment in volunteering so unreservedly was
valued to the full extent. The demonstrations of approval, it
must be said, had not been equalled since the Civil War, and
officers and men again determined that the Empire State should
not be disappointed in its faith in the Sixty-ninth.
Embarking on Baltimore and Ohio cars at Jersey City, the regi-
ment started forward in three sections. En route it passed
through Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wheeling, W. Va. ; Cincinnati,
Ohio, and Lexington, Ky., the citizens of Lexington and Cincin-
nati especially receiving the regiment with many honors.
State Historian. 133
On Friday, May 27, the regiment arrived at Ohickamauga
National Military Park and reported to General Brooke and was
assigned camp site at about two miles from Lytle Station on
the Southern Railroad.
Here tents were pitched the same evening, the men showing
remarkable proficiency in caring for themselves, considering that
many of them had been in the field but three weeks.
During the six days' stay at Ohickamauga Park the regiment
improved greatly, special attention being given to the extended
order drill. The regiment was here equipped with a wagon
train, consisting of thirty wagons and 121 mules. While at
CMckamauga the Sixty-ninth was attached to the Second Divis-
ion, Third Army Corps.
From this point I again sent to Governor Black a list of
names for promotion as follows:
Oaptain Edward T. McOrystal, Company B, to be Major,
original.
Second Lieutenant Edward P. Gilgar, Company K, to be First
Lieutenant (Battalion Adjutant), original.
Second Lieutenant John P. Scanlon, Company E, to be First
Lieutenant (Battalion Adjutant), original.
Sergeant-Major William G. Massarene, to be First Lieutenant
(Battalion Adjutant), original.
Second Lieutenant Peter W. Maguire, Company H, to be Cap-
tain Company B, vice McOrystal promoted.
Regimental Quartermaster-Sergeant Bernard J. Glynn, to be
Second Lieutenant Company E, vice Scanlon promoted.
First Sergeant Michael O'Connell, to be Second Lieutenant
Company K, vice Gilgar promoted.
First Sergeant William W. Bryant, to be Second Lieutenant
Company H, vice Maguire promoted.
134 Annual Report of the
On Monday, May SOtli, I received orders from Major-General
Brooke to proceed with the regiment to Tampa, Florida, and
there report to General Carpenter, Commanding the Second
Brigade, Second (General Snyder's) Division, Fourth Army
Corps, Major General John J. Coppinger. Thuraday, June 2nd,
the regiment struck camp and embarked on cars of the Southern
Railroad, being divided into three sections. The march from the
camping ground to the point of embarkation at Rossville was
about six miles, but the men carried their heavy equipments
through the suffocating dust and intense heat' with a sturdiness
that would have done credit to troops long immured to the
fatigues of campaigning.
It was with much sorrow that the regiment was obliged to
leave behind it in hospital Major Thomas F. Lynch and Lieuten-
ant John P. Devane, of Company M. This brings us to the end
of the first thirty days of the regiment's service in this campaign.
Respectfully submitted,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel 69th N. Y. Vol. Infantry, Commanding.
Headquarters 69th N. Y. Vol. Inf'y,
Tampa, Fla., July 20th, 1898.
Hugh Hastings, Esq., State Historian, Albany, N. Y. :
Sir. — In compliance with your request of May 31st, 1898, I
herewith transmit an itinerary of. our regiment for the month
of June, 1898.
Very respectfully,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel 69th N. Y. Vol. Inf'y, Commanding.
State Historian. 135
My last report to .you closed on Thursday, June 2nd, the regi-
ment having on that day embarked on board cars at Eossville,
near Ohickamauga, to proceed to Tampa, Florida.
By Saturday afternoon following we had arrived at Ocala,
Florida, after a very fatiguing journey, and I detailed Lieutenant
Eoouey to proceed to Tampa by fast train and report to General
Carpenter for assignment to camp site. On his arrival there he
was directed by General Shafter to report to General Guy V.
Henry, Commanding Third Division, the Sixty-ninth having
«
been transferred to that Division. At General Shafter's Head-
quarters the Sixty-ninth was highly complimented for having
thus reported in advance of its arrival in Tampa, as much delay
would consequently be avoided in placing ; in camp. General
Henry assigned camp site at Palmetto Beach, which lies about
four miles east of Tampa.
On Monday afternoon, June 6th, after many delays, occasioned
by the crowded condition of the railroad tracks for many miles
north of Tampa, the regiment marched into camp. Beside it, to
the eastward, lay the Thirty-second Michigan, Colonel MoGurrin ;
on the south the First Florida, Colonel Williams, and the Second
Georgia, Colonel Brown, while a quarter of a mile to the north
were encamped the Third Ohio, Colonel Anthony, and the Fifth
Ohio, Colonel Kennan.
Palmetto Beach is a sandy neck of land a few feet above sea
level, about half a mile in width, shaded here and there by pine
and palmetto trees and covered thickly under foot with the
gnarled roots of the palmetto. After much labor we succeeded
in digging out nearly all the roots within our camp lines and also
cleared a large plain which we use for a drill ground. Up to the
present date the rains have been so light that little or no incon-
136 Annual Ekpoet of the
venience has been suffered, notwithstanding the low level of our
encampment, but it is quite probable that when the heavier
rains begin later in the month poor drainage will compel a move
to higher ground. Light showers fall nearly every afternoon,
and we are informed that the -'rainy season " is nearly upon us.
The proximity of the beach is a source of great comfort, as it
permits bathing to be indulged in with but slight effort. OfScers
and men are gradually becoming acclimated and find their duties
easier to perform and are able to use a greater variety of food.
The drinking water is piped from an artesian well near at hand,
but is so warm that it must be iced before it is fit to drink.
Like all artesian water in this neighborhood, it is very hard,
but is strongly indorsed by the Army Surgeons on account of its
freedom from impurities.
Shortly after our arrival the Sixty-ninth was merged with
the Fourth Army Corps, commanded by General John J. Cop-
pinger. He has expressed himself as highly pleased with the
work and appearance of the regiment, as did also General Henry
while in command of the Third Division.
A week after our arrival in Tampa Brigadier-General John N.
Andrews, formerly Colonel 12 th U. S. Infantry, assumed com-
mand of our Brigade, the Second. The regiments composing
this Brigade are the Third Ohio, the Second Georgia and the
Sixty-ninth New York.
On Saturday, June 18th, we were ordered to prepare to pro-
ceed to Jacksonville, Florida, and on the following Monday
we received instructions to be ready to embark on board ships
at Port Tampa. Both of these indications of active service were
received by the regiment with much satisfaction, and a corre-
sponding regret was felt on their cancellation a short time after
State Historian. 137
each came to us. The regiment reported as being, ready tg move
promptly on receipt of the above-mentioned orders. .
On June 25th we were greatly pleased to welcome Colonel
MacArthur,* not only for the substantial evidence of our service
which he brought, but also that his kindly oflQces, we knew,
would enable us to pass over the first pay-day out of the State
with no friction and great promptness. His unvarying courtesy
was as delightful to us as it seemed pleasurable to himself, and
he carried with him on his departure the sincerest and heartiest
God-speeds of officers and men. The State has now paid this
regiment in full, as you, no doubt, are aware.
On June 24th General Howard Oarrollt visited the Sixty-ninth
during his tour of inspection, and expressed his satisfaction with
the condition of the regiment. The officers and men were glad
to see General Carroll and to extend to him, as Governor Black's
representative, their most hearty marks of appreciation for the
care for our interests and welfare which the Governor was thus
showing. We had hoped that General Carroll might be able
to stay with us longer than he found it possible, but we trust
that he may again be detailed by Governor Black on like import-
ant service to the State and her soldiers in the field.
On June 27th Brigadier-General James Rush Lincoln assumed
command of our Brigade, General Andrews having been trans-
ferred to a brigade at Chickamauga. General Lincoln is a
volunteer officer from Iowa, where he has been connected with
the- National Guard for over twenty years and Inspector-General
of its forces for the past eight years. Under his command the
Second Brigade has become known as the most active in Tampa.
*Colonel Arthur MacArthur, Assistant Paymaster-General, on the Staff of Governor Frank S.
Black. — State Histokian.
t Chief of Artillery on the Staff of Governor Black. — State Historian, i
138 Annual Report of the
Brigade and regimental drill, together with theoretical instruc-
tion, have their full share of attention under his direction.
An important change in the standing of the regiment since
my last report to you has been the addition of 303 recruits from
New York, made necessary by the order to bring all companies
up to a standard of three offlcers and eighty-one men.
Since my last report we have constructed a rifle range and
rifle practice now' constitutes a part of each day's work.
The health of the men during the past month has been excel-
lent, there having been no serious illness whatever, and in this
connection I am glad to be able to say that Major Lynch and
Lieutenant Devane have reported for duty, having recovered
from the illness which confined them in hospital at Chickamauga.
The above report includes the principal happenings from June
2nd to July 2nd.
Very respectfully,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel 69th N. Y. Vol. Infantry.
Headquarters 69th N. Y. Vol. Inf y,
Fernandina, Florida, August 22, 1898.
Hugh Hastings, Esq., State Historian, Albany, N. Y. :
Dear Sir. — Inclosed please find the itinerary of this regiment
for the month of July, 1898.
Respectfully,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel 69th N. Y. Vol. Infantry, Commanding.
Referring to my last report, ending July 2nd, I beg to ask
that you correct the paragraph relating to the addition of three
hundred and three (303) recruits, to read : " An impo;rtant change
State Historian.. 139
in the standing of the regiment since my last report to you has
been the addition of three hundred and three (303) recruits
from New York, made necessary by the order to bring all com-
panies up to a standard of three officers and one hundred and
three (103) men, from the former standard of three officers and
eighty-one (81) men." In the copy sent to you last month the
above paragraph may have been as above, and, therefore, correct,
but the copy retained by me (not a carbon copy) is not correct,
and I, therefore, am in doubt as to whether a clerical error has
been made or not. By comparing above correct psfragraph with
copy sent you the change may be made, if necessary.
Shortly after my last report a decided change in the weather
occurred, and, from being a pleasant and healthful camp site,
Palmetto Beach, at Tampa, became a dangerous and uncomfort-
able place. The former light showers increased in number and
finally turned into torrents of rain. The level ground failed to
absorb it quickly enough, and, there being no considerable fall
for drainage, the water stood deep in places, and, in fact, made
a swamp of the encampment.
For nearly three Aveeks, with short intermissions, this con-
tinued, the sick list increasing gradually through malarial,
typhoid and kindred fever developments. My strong requests
to the proper officers resulted finally in our being ordered to
move to Pernandina, Florida, and on July 24th the regiment
embarked on board cars at Tampa and next day arrived at
Femandina. We encamped about a half mile north of the
town on a sandy plateau, covered by a sparse growth of grass
and with sufficient fall for drainage purposes. The ocean lies
about two miles to the east and affords excellent facilities for
bathing. The camp is supplied with water by mains and the
140 Annual Eeport op the
water itself, although strongly impregnated with sulphur, is not
unpleasant and is recommended for its purity and medicinal
qualities.
It is to be regretted that no large level drill ground is near
at hand and that there is no place in the vicinity where target
practice might be safely carried on. Extended order drills in
the undulating and brush-covered country in the neighborhood
of the camp, however, afford very good practice, although the
J'
work is necessarily light on account of the heat and the heavy
marching through the deep sand.
Our Brigade on leaving Tampa parted with the Second Georgia
Regiment, Colonel Brown, which was ordered to remain at
Tampa. The Second Brigade, therefore, contains but two regi-
ments, the Third Ohio and our own.
Although we have been here only a week we have been very
comfortably established and find the climate pleasant and -as
healthful as any to be found in this part of the country. The
germs of disease which were unquestionably generated during the
last three weeks of cur stay at Tampa have resulted in many
cases of very malignant typhoid, and our Surgeons and Hospital
Corps are fighting day and night to overcome them. We have
taken every precaution possible with the limited means at our
disposal, but have been obliged, notwithstanding, to send many
men to Division Hospital for treatment and care, and some of
these men have been transferred to hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia;
Cincinnati, Ohio, and Newport, Kentucky.
Leaves of absence for sickness have been granted to Captains
Lynch and Kennedy, and Captain Healy is absent on a sixty
days' leave granted by the War Department.
There has been one death. Private Flynn, of Company 0, from
typhoid fever at Fernandina, although we learn unoflacially that
State Historian. 141
several other comrades who have been transferred to outside
military hospitals have met with the same fate. We have four
other critical cases of typhoid fever now under our care in this
camp and all efforts are being made by our Surgeons to save
these lives.
Assistant Surgeon Oswald has been appointed Surgeon, with
rank of Major, vice Eamsay resigned.
Private Martin Crimmins, First Volunteer Cavalry, has re-
ceived a commission as Second Lieutenant in our regiment, but
has been detailed to duty on the Staff of GenA'al Coppinger,
commanding Fourth Army Corps. The vacancy was created by
the resignation of Second Lieutenant O'Sullivan, Company B.
This brings me to August 2nd.
Very respectfully yours,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel, Commanding 69th N. Y. Vol. Infantry.
Headquarters 69th N. Y. Vol. Inf y.
Cajnp Wheeler, Huntsville, Ala.,
September 12th, 1898.
Hugh Hastings, Esq., State Historian, Albany, N. Y. :
Sir. — Inclosed please find the itinerary of this regiment for the
month of August, 1898.
Respectfully,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel 69th N. Y. Vol. Infantry, Commanding.
On Wednesday, August 10th, Governor Shaw,* of Iowa, visited
the regiinent, escorted by our Bridage' Commander, General
Lincoln.
* Leslie M. Sliaw, who subsequently succeeded Lyman J. Gige as Secretary of the Treasury. —
State Historian.
142 Annual Keport of the'
Governor Shaw remained with us several hours and expressed
himself as greatly pleased with the appearance of the men and
our encampment. Before leaving he delivered a short address
full of admiration and kindly sentiment towards the Sixty-ninth.
These were fully indorsed by General Lincoln later when he
paid a high tribute to the soldierly qualities of our organization.
This visit was one of the pleasantest we have had since coming
into the field. It was unexpected and so cordial in its nature
that both officers and men were not prepared to fully express
the appreciation which they felt for the honor the Governor
did the Sixty-niuth in thus practically spending the greater part
of his visit to Fernandina within its lines. A hearty welcome
will certainly be given him if he can find the opportunity to visit
us in New York sometime, as he anticipates.
After arriving in Fernandina the health of the regiment began
to improve gradually and so continued up to the date of our
departure for Camp Wheeler, Huntsville, Alabama. The citi-
zens of Fernandina did everything in their power to insure our
comfort, and we broke camp with a feeling of regret at being
obliged to sever many pleasant associations which had been
formed during our short sojourn.
On August 12th the regiment received orders to proceed to
Huntsville, Alabama, and there go into camp.
Accordingly, on Saturday morning, August 27th, we embarked
on board cars. The regiment was separated into two sections as
it left Fernandina, but at Montgomery the railroad found it
necessary to form three sections on account of the heavier grades
to be encountered. On arrival at Montgomery on Sunday morn-
ing nearly tlie whole of the command attended church services.
On leaving Montgomery Companies E and G occupied the first
five cars of the first section and had proceeded about eight miles
State Historian. 143
west of Birmingham, Alabama, to a point near the town of
Newcastle on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, when sud-
denly at about five o'clock in the afternoon the five cars above
mentioned left the rails while at a high rate of speed and were
dashed to pieces.
The wreck occurred in a " cut," and the cars were thrown
against the side of it with such force that they shot high into the
air and then turned bottom up.
It was found on examination that Private Peter Farley, Com-
pany G, had been instantly killed and that Sergeant Frank
Glennon, Company G, was dying. In addition twenty-six other
non-commissioned ofiScers and privates and one civilian teamster
were more or less injured. Sergeant Glennon died on the train
while being sent to hospital at Birmingham. In this terrible
scene there were many instances of heroism, both on the part
of the wounded and of those who aided in the work of allevia-
tion. Surgeons Fichsius and Daley, assisted by Sergeant
Connellan, of the Hospital Corps, deserve special mention for
the able and expeditious manner in which they handled the
wounded under very unfavorable conditions.
The injured men were immediately sent back to Birmingham
for treatment and were installed at Wilson & Brown Infirmary,
a private institution. Fifteen of them were found to be in such
condition as to make their detention there necessary; all but
three of these have since rejoined their regiment.
Considering the complete manner in which the five cars were
wrecked, it is providential that the casualty did not assume
greater proportions. I have reported the accident to my superior
oflBcers according to prescribed methods and have also filed
claims, through Messrs. Bowman & Harsh, of Birmingham, Ala-
bama, and John E. Duffy, of New York, attorneys, on behalf
144 Annual Report oi<'vThb
of the relatives of the killed and for the wounded. The names
of the men and other particulars connected with the accident
you will find attached.
It is needless for me to say that this terrible experience has
cast a gloom over the entire regiment, coming, as it did, in the
trace of other harrowing, if less sudden, afflictions.
I am greatly grieved to have to announce the death by typhoid
fever of Corporal Edward Dwyer, Company K, on August 10th,
at Fernandina, Florida, and Private Nicholas Duffy, Company B,
in hospital at same place.
On Monday, August 29th, the regiment reached Huntsville and
were put- into camp about a mile west of the town in a beautiful
farming valley. The soil is a red shale and is covered with a
short thick growth of grass. The encampment drains well, and,
judging from appearance, the location should prove a healthy
one. The water is particularly good, being furnished through
mains from a magnificent spring, which is one of the principal
attractions of this part of the State.
Captain Lynch rejoined the regiment, having entirely recovered
from the illness w^hich compelled his return to New York some
weeks previously.
On Wednesday, August 31st, Governor Black visited our
encampment, but was compelled to continue his journey after a
very short stay. He expressed himself as much pleased with the
condition of the regiment and its present camp site, and spoke
some encouraging words to those who had the honor to see him.
He was very sorry that unforeseen delays on the railroads did
not permit him to remain some hours with us, as he had expected.
As we had arrived but two days previously, our camp was not
in such condition as 1 would have liked it to have been for his
State Historian.
145
reception, but I am glad to note that he has spoken since his
return to New York in terms of satisfaction as to the health and
equipment of oflScers and men and the general standing and
record of the regiment.
Very respectfully,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel 69th N. Y. Vol. Infantry, Commanding.
EETURN OF CASUALTIES IN 69tH N. Y. VOL. INFANTRY, IN WRECK AT
NEWCASTLE, ALA., ON L. & N. R. R., ON AUGUST 28tH, 1898.
No.
NAMES.
Rank.
Co.
Regiment or
Corps.
Nature of casualty.
6
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
20
Glennon, Frank* . .
Farley, Petert .
Lawlor, Patriok W,
O'Keefe, Gerald
Carey, John
Reardon, Thomas .
Wright, Nicholas. .
Pentonv, John ....
Merritt, Samuel. . .
Guthrie, Jacob. ...
Daley, Thomas
Meade, James
Sherlock, .Tames . .
Crowley, Timothy. .
Kilclive, Thomas. . .
O'Connell, Michael. .
Noon, George. . .
McMahon, Thomas.
Lewis, Charles ....
Donahue, Henry J.
Eeilly, Patrick.
Lane, Thomas..
Gordon, William . . .
JUlanning, John J . . ,
Vaughan, Michael . .
Skelly, Thomas J. . .
O'Keefe, William.
Moran, John
Doran, Michael. .
Sergeant..
Private. .
Sergeant.
Corporal.
Private-.
Private..
Sergeant.
Sergeant.
Corporal.
Musician .
Private. . .
Private.. .
Private.. .
Private.. .
Private. . .
Private.. .
Private. .
Private.. .
Private. . .
Private. . .
Teamster.
Private. . .
Corporal, .
Sergeant..
Private.. .
Private.. .
Private. .
Private. .
Private. .
69th N.Y. V.I..
69th N. Y. V. I. .
«9thN. Y.V.L.
69th N. Y. V. I. .
69th N. Y. V. 1. .
69th N. Y. V. I.
69th N. Y. V. I.
69th N. Y. V. I.
69th N.Y. V.I.
69th N.Y. V.I.
69th N. Y. V. I.
69th N. Y. V. I.
69th N. Y. V. I.
69th N. Y. V. I.
69thN.Y. V. I.
69thN. Y.V.I.
69th N. Y. V. I.
69th N. Y. V. I.
69th N. Y. V. 1.
69th N. Y. V. I.
Wagon Train. . .
69th N. Y.V.I.,
69th N. Y.V.I.,
69th N. Y. V. I. .
69th N. Y.V.I..
69thN. Y.V.I..
69thN. Y.V.I.
69th N V.V.I
69th N. y. V. I.
Compound fracture (R) and
(L; thighs and hemorrhages
compoimd fracture (R) leg.
Compression brain and sca^
wounds.
Ankle sprained, contusion
back head.
Laceration (R) hand, contu-
sion back and (R) :^de, and
little finger dislocated (R).
Contusion across chest and
head.
Wrenched knee cap (L).
Contusion (L) leg.
Scalp wound, left side head.
Scalp woimd, left side head.
Contusion, right leg.
Contusion (I.) knee and back .
head.
Contusion on chest and stom-
ach.
Abrasion on face and hands,
back wrenched.
Contusion on chest.
Contusion on face and chest.
Contusion on back and left
hip.
4 and 5 ribs left side fractured
and contusion left elbow. ,
Contusion abdomen and back.
Wrenched left knee and thigh.
Back and (L) leg covered with
bruises.
(L) elbow dislocated and
shoulder.
Scalp woimd forehead and
contusion.
Wrenched right knee.
(L) shoulder dislocated and
contusion over spine.
Scalp wound and large wound
over (R) forehead.
Large wound over left eye and
contusion left thigh, left
arm dislocated.
Back and stomach bruised.
Scalp wound, contunon (R)
knee.
Ankle sondned and contusion
left knee.
*Died on way to Birmingham,
10
tDied at wreck.
146 Annual Report of the
Headquarters 69th N. Y. V. I.
Camp Albert G. Forse, Huntsville, Ala.,
November 19tli, 1898.
Mr. Hugh Hastings, State Historian, Albany, N. Y. :
Sir. — I have the honor to hand you herewith copy of historical
report of our regiment from September 2nd to October 2nd ; also
copy of similar report from October 2nd to November 2nd. I
regret that these reports could not have reached you sooner, but
we have so been overburdened with current work that it has been
impossible for me to put the data in such shape as you now find
it. I hope in the future I will be able to hiind you such reports
more promptly.
I have the honor to be,
Very respectfully yours,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel 69th N. Y. V. I.
Huntsville, Ala., October 2nd, 1898.
On Monday, September 5th, a heavy wind storm, accompanied
by rain, visited our encampment and did some damage and
caused much discomfort. On the following day the Government
began to issue lumber for flooring all the tents and the work
was quickly completed and has added greatly to the comfort of
the men, and, no doubt, improved the sanitary condition of the
camp.
The Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which has been brigaded
with us since June, has returned to its home rendezvous, Colum-
bus, Ohio, and the Sixty-ninth Regiment, therefore, is the sole
remaining regiment in the Second Brigade, Third Division,
Fourth Army Corps.
State Historian. 147
Secretary of War Alger reviewed the Fourth Corps on the
streets of Huutsville on September 23rd, in the presence of many
thousands of people. The Sixty -ninth had recently been reuni-
formed, and, as each company was able to turn out thirty-two
files, the regiment presented a handsome and solid appearance
that brought commendation from everyone. Colonel DuflEy re-
ceived from our Brigade Commander, General Lincoln, a note of
congratulation, which read as follows:
" I desire to express my admiration of the magnificent appear-
ance made by your regiment to-day. The Sixty-ninth is certainly
a fine example of the volunteer soldier, and you can well, with
your brother officers, feel proud of so effijcient a regiment.
Promptness is the foundation of all military efficiency; your
command was halted in position assigned for the formation for
review exactly on time. With best wishes for yourself and splen-
did command.
Respectfully,
(Signed) JAMES RUSH LINCOLN,
Brigadier-General, Vols."
The above, and the fact that we paraded nearly 1,000 officers
and men, speak for themselves of the standing and efficiency of
our organization to-day.
I am sorry to have to record the resignation of Regimental
Adjutant John A. Davidson, Captain Barron, of Company L, and
Captain Plunket, of Company D. Second Lieutenant Martin
Crimmins, of Company B, has passed the Examining Board and
entered the Regular Army as Second Lieutenant. Second Lieu-
tenant Emmet, of Company I, has been promoted Regimental
Adjutant; First Lieutenant McCrystal, of Company L, Captain
of Company L, and Second Lieutenant Tuite, of Company D, Cap-
148 Annual Report op the
tain of Company D. Second Lieutenant Francis J. Cronin, of
Company L, has been promoted to the First Lieutenancy in Com-
pany L, and First Sergeant Thomas F. Keogh to the Second
Lieutenancy of Company L. First Sergeant Charles J. Crowley,
of Company D, has been promoted Second Lieutenant of Com-
pany D, and Regimental Sergeant-Major Daniel P. Sullivan to
the Second Lieutenancy of Company I.
The deaths in the regiment diiring the month of September are
as follows:
Privates James Tracey, Company A; William Sweeney, Com-
pany C; Thomas Young, Company O; Charles Gallagher, Com-
pany G; John J. O'Brien, Company K; John Reilly, Company
M; John Kennedy, Company M.
Of the above list, William Sweeney died in New York and the
remainder at the Corps Hospital at Huntsville, Ala. The ter-
rible railroad accident in which the regiment was involved and
mentioned in my last report has not resulted in further deaths,
I am happy to say.
This brings my report to October 2nd, 1898, and I trust it will
be satisfactory.
Very respectfully,
EDWARD DUFFY,
69th Regt, N. Y. V. I.
Huntsville, Ala., November 2nd, 1898.
So many changes have taken place during the past month
that it is almost impossible to designate those particular ones
which may be of interest and use in the records which you are
compiling. First of all, it may be noted that during September
we have experienced some cold nights for which we were not
State Historian. 149
quite prepared. During the hours of the days the weather was
bracing and for the most part very pleasant. Now, that we have
been supplied with heavier clothing and new tents, we expect to
be entirely comfortable.
We were all greatly grieved when we learned of the changes
made necessary by the measures adopted for the reorganization
of the army. So many friendships had been formed during our
wanderings that it seemed as if we had known our friends in the
Corps, Division and Brigade for years instead of for months.
General John J. Coppinger, always a warm friend and admirer
of our regiment, retired at the age limit during October, and Gen-
eral Joseph Wheeler assumed command of the Corps. Before leav-
ing Huntsville General Coppinger accepted a review, which our
regiment tendered him, and afterward expressed his thanks for
the manner in which the regiment had, while a member of his
Corps, done its duty. General Carpenter, our former Division
Commander, and General Lincoln, our Brigade Commander, also
honored us by accepting reviews before leaving their old com-
mands. I cannot help quoting here Special Orders No. 29,
handed down by General Lincoln a few days prior to his de-
parture from Huntsville for his new brigade command :
" In severing my connection with the Sixty-ninth N. Y. V. I., as
their Brigade Commander, I desire to express my appreciation of
their soldierly qualities and my regret in having them taken
from command. We have been denied a soldier's desire for ser-
Tice in battle, but together we have served under trying circum-
stances, and it is a pleasure to remember the cheerful response
jou have ever made to duty's call. May God bless you and pro-
tect you.
(Signed) JAMES RUSH LINCOLN,
Brigadier-General, U. S. V."
150 Annual Keport of the
I hope you will not think me over-zealous in incorporating
such encomiums in my reports to you, but I take it that these
evidences of appreciation, coming, as they do, from our superior
officers, who see our work every day in the field and know us
in many lights, form part of a chain of our regimental history,
which it would be careless to overlook. In fact, it seems to me
that any praise our regiment may receive redounds to the credit
of our State in such great measure that none of it should be
permitted to pass by unnoticed by a regimental historian.
At this writing there are present for duty 38 officers and 915
men.
I regret to announce the following resignations during October:
Captain and Regimental Quartermaster James M. Cronin, First
Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant Massarene, First Lieutenant
C. H. R. Woodward, all for business reasons. Second Lieutenant
W. H. Bi"yant's resignation has also been accepted.
Captain J. J. Kennedy and First Lieutenant Francis J. Cronin
have returned to duty, after having undergone severe illness in
hospital.
We are now serving in the Second Brigade, First Division,
Fourth Corps, the Division being under command of General
Chaffee,* and the Brigade under General Richard Comba. It
will be noted that now the Corps, Division and Brigade is each
commanded by officers who achieved distinction in Cuba during
the late active campaign there. In fact. General Comba, our
Brigade Commander, while in command of the Twelfth U. S.
Infantry at Santiago, won his brigadiership.
*\dna R. Chaffee, subsequently Lieutenant-Geaeral, United States Array. — State
Historian, t ,
State Historian. 151
During the montli of October our death list was as follows:
Privates John F. Donnelly, Company D, at Huntsville, of typhoid
malaria; Private B. Pyne, Company B, died at Huntsville; Pri-
vate Thomas Casey, Company F, of typhoid fever.
On October 27th the War Investigating Commission reached
our camp and inspected, and I have no doubt that their report
as to condition of this command, both in the matter of health
and equipment, vnll be found to have been satisfactory. I spared
no pains to give the Commission all the information within my
power in answer to their questions.
Under General Orders No. 77, Corps Headquarters, General
Wheeler has given this encampment the name of Camp Albert G.
Forse, " in honor of Major Albert G. Forse, First U. S. Cavalry,
who was killed in the gallant charge of the Cavalry Division at
Fort San Juan July 1st, 1898."
This report includes the matters pertaining to the regiment's
history from October 2nd to November 2nd, 1898.
I trust that the data may prove of interest and that all neces-
sary points will be found covered.
I have the honor to be very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
EDWARD DUFFY,
Colonel 69th N. Y. V. I.
152 Annual Eepoet of the
HISTORY OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, NEW
YORK VOLUNTEERS.
Explanatory Note.
A commtini cation having been received by Colonel Downs on
the 1st of June, 1898, from the Hon. Hugh Hastings, State His-
torian of the State of New York, with accompanying printed
pamphlet setting forth reasons why a complete history of every
command in field service in time of war should be carefully kept
and subsequently put in the State archives for preservation, the
Chaplain of the regiment was detailed to prepare an itinerary
of the Seventy-first Infantry, New York Volunteers. Due to
breaking camp, moving and subsequent changes of orders, it was
not possible to begin this work until the 10th of June, when the
regiment was on board the transport ship " Vigilancia," lying
off Port Tampa. For full particulars of regimental rosters and
such information as would by military law be transmitted by
the Adjutant to brigade or division headquarters and subse-
quently preserved in places ready of access, one will not naturally
expect a repetition in the following history. It must also be
borne in mind that memory must be largely put under requisi-
tion in compiling an account of the reigiment since the time of
the declaration of war with Spain and this present date of writ-
ing. For those who are interested it will be easy to supplement
these records by accompanying statistics and regimental returns.
It may also be stated here, by way of explanation rather than
extenuation, that with limited facilities for writing in camp life,
frequent transportation and service in the field anything more
than a brief resum6 of actual occurrences and these indit'ed under
trying and disturbing circumstances may not be expected.
State Historian. 153
With this prelude we begin our work and commend its reading
by those who may subsequently become interested in the daily
life of over a thousand men, who, at their country's call in its
time of need, readily responded and entered the United States
service.
Contemporaneous newspaper cuttings, not possible in these
pages wholly to reproduce, will confirm and add to the import-
ance of all statements made in this itinerary.
Lastly, it should be stated that at the Chaplain's request Pri-
vate John W. French, of Company F, was detailed by Colonel
Downs as amanuensis, and will do all the writing .of this history.
Subsequently it was found impossible for us to carry this book
into Cuba, and when time came for us to leave our copy had to
be made of slips prepared during the active campaign. Private
French was unable, on account of having yellow fever, to finish
his work.
GEORGE E. VAN DEWATER.
HISTORY.
After war between the United States and Spain was virtually
begun by the refusal of the latter nation to receive a communica-
tion from President McKinley at the hands of General Woodford
on the 21st day of April, 1898, and was subsequently declared
to have begun at this date by a resolution of Congress, passed
four days later, the President called for 125,000 volunteers, nam-
ing the quota expected from New York State, and expressing his
preference for troops already enlisted in the National Guard.
At the earliest possible moment, after being thus informed by
the Adjutant-General of the State of New York, and request
being made of the commanding ofiicers of the several regiments
154 Annual Bkpoet of the
to ascertain how many of their command were ready to enlist,
Colonel Francis Vinton Greene, then commanding the 71st
Regiment, N. G. iN. Y., summoned a meeting of all officers and
men, assembled them upon the drill floor, addressed them briefly,
stating merely the facts as above recorded and asking for ex-
pression of opinion in response. The scene was inspiring; with-
out a dissenting voice, by acclamation, a hearty " Aye," with an
accompanying " Hurrah " that showed its undoubted sincerity,
the 71st Regiment, imposing no conditions, asking no terms, in
the simple enthusiasm of its old-time wonted loyalty, proved
true to every tradition, and, not without much anticipated sacri-
fice, gave generous and hearty response to its country's call for
service. As the following records will show the Seventy-first was
the first regiment, not only in the Empire State, but in the whole
United States, thus favorably to respond to its ruler's request,
and that it did it unanimously is greatly to its credit and renown.
As further records will testify, it was also the first regiment in
the United States to proceed to a camp for mobilization and
muster. It was the first also to be mustered into the volunteer
service of the country, and the first New York troops to leave for
the seat of war.
Agreeable to the terms of the Hull bill, requiring a three bat-
talion formation of four companies each for every regiment, it
was necessary to add two companies to make the Seventy-first,
which had been a regiment of ten companies, of 100 men each,
to conform to new requirements. In six days all twelve com-
panies were enlisted to their full strength, and in readiness to
obey the order of the Adjutant-General to proceed to Oamp
Black, near Hempstead. Arrangements had been made previous
to these sudden and unforeseen war orders for the regiment to
State Historian. 155
attend divine service, as is its annual custom, in St. Andrew's
Church, Harlem, but consideration for the comfort and con-
venience of the men, who had so quickly to make ready to leave
home and business for an extended tour of duty, caused the
Colonel to give orders at a late hour on the Saturday previous
that the service would be omitted. On Monday morning, May
the 2nd, promptly at' eight o'clock, the hour named for assembly,
in the presence of thousands of people, filling the halls and
galleries of the armory and extending into the streets, the regi-
ment was formed on the drill floor. The Colonel %ave command
" Uncover " and directed Chaplain Van Dewater to advance sev-
eral paces and offer prayer. That was a moment never to be for-
gotten by those present. Perfect stillness reigned while prayer
for Divine protection was said. The moment it was finished
the order rang out, " Column of fours, first company, first bat-
talion, right forward fours right," and amid the tumultuous
applause of enthusiastic friends the regiment proceeded west on
Thirty-fourth street to Fifth avenue, down Fifth avenue to
Twenty-second street and proceeded by ferry to Long Island
City where train w^as taken at once to Camp Black.
On Saturday morning, SOtli of April, Company H, Captain
Walter I. Joyce commanding, had proceeded to Hempstead and
broken camp. To this, company must, therefore, be given the
honor of being the first . National Guard troops in the United
States to encamp for the purpose of examination and mustering
into the service of the Volunteer Army.
The Seventy-first Kegiment was given the place of honor at
the extreme right of the State camp, subsequently named in
honor of the Governor, at which were mcbilized at one time some
14,000 troops. Detraining one mile east of Garden City and
156 Annual Eeport of the
marching about one-half mile to the entrance of the camp,
Colonel Greene had the companies march to the site of their re-
spective streets. The tents, poles and pegs were duly distributed
in their proper places, and orders were at once given to pitch
tents and put the camp in proper condition. By four o'clock
the work was completely finished and declared well done, and
the regiment settled down to its life on the tented field. Within
three days there were encamped the First and Second Provisional
Regiments, made up of companies of the Third Brigade, the 69th,
the 47th, the 14th, the 13th and the 65th Regiments of the
National Guard. Brigadier-Generals George Moore Smith and
McCoskry Butt and Major-General Roe, with their staflEs, were
also encamped with the troops. Arrangements were at once made
by United States ofiQcers, appointed for the purpose, Major Maus,
Surgeon, and Captain Walter S. Schuyler, for the physical exami-
nation of every oificer and enlisted man who offered himself for ser-
vice in the Volunteer Army. Speedily to effect this purpose three
surgeons were examined and mustered into the United States
service. They were Major William D. Bell, Captain James Staf-
ford and Captain H. Eugene Stafford, who, with the assistance
of several officers who did lay work preparing the papers, thor-
oughly examined every officer and man, supplied every data re-
quired of personal histoi-y, height, weight, complexion and marks
of individual identity, until a sufficient number had been passed
to constitute a legally complete command. A very friendly
rivalry, increasing in intensity as the days wore^on, sprang up
between the several regiments, each one earnestly anxious for the
honor of being the first to be mustered in. By constant atten-
tion and persistent activity the Colonel and Major Bell, sparing
no time nor pains to finish this work as speedily as possible,
State Historian. 157
erecting special tents, supplying them liberally with tables and
stationery, and utilizing the services of staff officers for this
important work, papers at last were completed, and on the after-
noon of the 10th of May the regiment was assembled by com-
panies, each man's name was called by Captain Schuyler, of
the United States Army, and when every man in the company
had responded, advanced thirty paces to the right and the full
companj' formation reformed, order was given by Captain Schuy-
ler to uncover, raise the right hand, the oath of allegiance was
read, each man responded " I do." The musteidng officer then
declared, " You are now in the service of the United States." In
this manner all twelve companies were mustered in, when, in the
presence of the entire regiment and some three thousand persons
witnessing the solemn ceremony, staff officers, other than the
surgeons, advanced to the front, were duly added to the number
of volunteers, and then followed the mustering in of the Lieuten-
ant-Colonel and the Colonel of the regiment. When Colonel
Greene responded solemnly and firmly " I do," and the last offi-
cial act in the ceremony of muster had finished a shout went up
from all present that could have been heard for miles around.
Few instances of such rapturous expression of patriotism and
loyalty have been experienced. The regiment at once returned
to its camp, every man in it realizing his changed relation to his
country, understanding full well the sacrifices that would be re-
quired and resolutely resolved unflinchingly to make them.
During these days when attention seemed chiefly directed to
the preparations for muster full camp duty was required of
every man and regular routine of drill and other exercises were
observed. There was scarcely an idle hour of the day. Discipline
from the beginning was rigid ; none were allowed to leave the camp
158 Annual Report of the
or to go to New York, except for specific duty or on special detail.
Criticism of such rigorous discipline was plentiful and severe,
newspapers joined with friends of the regiment in their con-
demnation of what seemed unnecessary severity. But Colonel
Greene, with his varied and extensive experience in the United
States and other armies, persistently declined to make discipline
more lax; and, as a result, in ten days' time the very people
and the newspapers most loud in condemnation of these disci-
plinary measures were loudest in their praise of the magnificent
militarj' bearing and condition which these very measures had
effected. The boys never allowed themselves to forget that the
Seventy-first, the first regiment in the United States favorably
to answer the President's call to duty, was also the first in the
Empire State to be mustered into the service of the volunteer
army. Scarcely one of the ten days that the regiment was at
Camp Black was pleasant or clear; besides being most unsea-
sonably cold there were rain storms, the like of which the memory
of the oldest inhabitant failed to recall. The stormiest day of
all was Sunday, the 8th of May, when, from morning till night,
without a moment's cessation, it blew a forty-mile gale and
rained in torrents. The Chaplain had hoped to have a com-
munion service at an early hour of the morning and subsequently
a general service, with a sermon for the regiment in the open
air. Neither was possible. The best that could be done was to
have brief service in the Hospital tent for the sick, in which
the Hospital Corps gladly and cordially joined, and subsequently
in the Adjutant's tent, where several had huddled in a vain effort
to ke^p dry, hymns were sung and prayers said. During the day
many of the tents of the different regiments blew down and
hundreds were drenched to their skins, but in the Seventy-first
State Historian. 159
the work of pitching tents had been so wisely directed and so
thoroughly well done that, though many wavered, not one fell.
For this the regiment received a special commendation from
Major-General Roe, commanding the troops in the encampment.
From the very beginning rations were served to companies ; each
was obliged to do its own cooking, and exactly the same condi-
tions which prevail in the life of the regular army existed here.
Naturally enough, time was required and much grumbling en-
dured before anything like satisfaction was secured in the Com-
missary Department. Indeed, weeks later complafnts were not
infrequently heard from the men that the food was insufllcient,
of poor quality, no variety and generally unsatisfactory. Com-
munications were, unfortunately, sent to home papers by mem-
bers of the regiment, which, though containing some truth, were
likely to give very wrong impressions and cause no end of need-
less worry.
After six weeks' experience one is enabled to tell the truth
about this matter. Whatever may have been the faults of the
Government, commissary supplies have been generous from the
beginning. R'henever men have gone hungry it has been un-
avoidable, for one meal only, and officers have shared hunger
with the men. This has not happened, except when the regiment
was in transitu. No doubt there have been cases when coffee
has been bad, meat poorly cooked, some men had too little to
eat and some even nothing; but the fault has invariably been
ignorance on the part of the Quartermaster- Sergeants, ineffi-
ciency of company cooks or lack of proper attention by company
commanders. Generations of exjierience have taught the Govern-
ment what kinds and how much of food are best for soldiers;
and those who rigidly conform to its conditions, however hard
160 Annual Ebpoet of the
may be the discipline at first, make the best soldiers. The
experience of surgeons in any regiment warrants the statement
that the healthiest men in the command are those who had
nothing but what the Government supplies. They may do a
lot of grumbling — this is a soldier's prerogative — but they also
do a lot of work, and this is a soldier's duty. Soldiers who are
crying for sugar-plums and dainties from home are the quickest
to report with colic or something worse at the sick call. Bat-
talion messes were established from the beginning, and the officers
of the field and staff constituted a separate mess, of which the
Colonel detailed the Chaplain to act as caterer. At the Colonel's
request and by his preference the fare of the latter mess was
exceedingly simple and substantial, and the same army biscuit
that was supplied to the soldiers was used by him and the oflScers
solely for bread.
From the beginning of the encampment near Hempstead visit-
ors from all portions of the country adjacent were numerous,
nothing but storm deterring them. Up to the time the regiment
left camp for the South the largest number of visitors assem-
bled in the afternoon of May 11th, when Governor Black reviewed
the troops, assisted in this function by Major-General Koe and
his entire staff. The band of Squadron A furnished the music
for this occasion. None but those who had seen large armies
in the Civil War had ever seen so large a number of troops
together, full fifteen thousand participating in this review. Of
all the regiments there assembled, the Seventy-first was the only
one belonging to the volunteer army of the United States.
Major-General Eoe, therefore, designated the right of line as its
proper place in review, thus bestowing upon it both deserved
and distinguished honor. As the regiment passed other com-
State Historian. 161
mands in the process of formation abundant applause of oflScers
and soldiers testified to the cordial appreciation of its merits
and the esteem in which it was held. As the regiment passed
in review the deafening applause of thousands of citizens who
sun'ounded the troops on both sides showed what place we had
in the hearts of the citizens. The sight of a solid body of troops
extending along the prairie surface for some four miles gave eye-
witnesses the first ocular indication they had of the reality of the
impending struggle with Spain.
Nothing of sufficient importance to justify record occurred
until after " taps " of Wednesday, the 11th instant, when Major
Avery D. Andrews, Commandant of Squadron A, temporarily
detailed to General Roe, came to headquarters and gave orders
to proceed to Tampa, taking train the next afternoon at four
o'clock. The Chaplain happened to be in the Colonel's tent at
this time, and was particularly impressed with the coolness and
good judgment of the Commanding Officer, who, knowing what
work and labor were involved in striking tents, handling goods
and moving to transports, decided at once to say nothing about
the orders until " reveille," and suggested that we at once say
good night and retire to our rest. Officers' call was almost simul-
taneous vith " reveille " the next morning. Scarcely had the
officers assembled and the news been imparted when it was quickly
spread throughout the streets of the camp and shouts of approval
were heard from every quarter.
Before detailing the removal of the regiment from Camp
Black, the method by which water was permanently intro-
duced into the entire camp deserves mention. In a body
of a thousand men it will always happen that the several pro-
fessions and vocations of life will be more or less represented.
11
162 Annual Eeport op the
Writing now, after an experience of six weeks, under circum-
stances that have called into requisition every variety of occupa-
tion, it seems to us that the personnel of the Seventy-first Regi-
ment is most remarkably representative. One might well give the
challenge to name any profession, occupation or trade that is not
represented by more than one competent man in the command.
Even a locomotive engineer could be detailed, if required ; lawyers,
doctors, dentists, school teachers, carpenters, joiners, tailors,
barbers, electricians, veterinary surgeons and civil engineers sup-
ply such a quota of strength that the Seventy-first might be said
to be cosmopolitan. Water is a great consideration in a well-
equipped camp. It is, indeed, the first thing thought of by one
selecting a site for an encampment. In the limited time allowed
for preparation at Camp Black before the arrival of troops the
contractor to supply the camp with water conducted from the
reservoir at Hempstead, in pipes laid along the surface of the
plains, had been utterly unable to finish his work. Colonel
Greene discovered soon after arriving at camp that this work
must be speedily done, and that the contractor was incompetent
to do it. The Colonel at once communicated with Major-General
Roe, and, knowing what material he had at his command, sug-
gested that a competent detail be made at once to attend to this
matter. Major-General Roe detailed Captain Wells, of Com-
pany F, a civil engineer, as well as lawyer, by profession, who,
with a force of one hundred and twenty men, sixty-five of whom
were from our own regiment, and most of them engineers, by
working day and night, in less than twenty-four hours had the
pipes all laid and an abundant supply of water introduced all
along the four miles' length of camp.
State Historian. 163
Everyone began to make ready to move immediately after mess
on the morning of the 12th, anticipating the impossibility
of doing much work, when relatives and friends would flock in
early trains to say final farewells. Could all the subsequent
delays have been anticipated and the many repeated opportuni-
ties to say good-bye been known, the farewells of that afternoon
would have lost much of their unction. Promptly at the time
mentioned in orders the regiment proceeded in heavy marching
order, preceded by Squadron A band, to the Long Island Rail-,
road terminus near Camp Black, there to discover that a large
supply of ammunition had just arrived and must be transferred
to train before its departure. It was seven o'clock before the
trains finally moved out and ten o'clock before we reached Long
Island City. It was here that we began first to experience the
absolute- incompetency of Government quartermaster ofiicials,
which has since, on several occasions, been the occasion of much
needless fatigue and an ever-increasing surprise. It is the duty
of a good soldier not to criticise superior officers ; but, at the risk
of being court-martialed, we venture the opinion that a com-
mittee from a kindergarten school could better arrange for the
transiwrtation of troops- and luggage than those in authority
have done since the beginning of our war with Spain. It is the
general belief throughout the country, entertained mostly by
those who have had most experience with the army, that the
managers of this department of the Government are either fools
or knaves, or maybe both. Transport ships of the Ward Line
had been engaged to convey the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry and
the 71st New York to Tampa. No arrangements whatever had
been made for transporting the Seventy-first from the depot at
164 AxxuAL Report of the
Long Island City to the transport ships. It was subsequently
rumored that these ships had been ordered to the ferry slips at
Long Island City to take troops direct from the trains. If any
such orders were ever given, the captains did perfectly right to
ignore them. Anyone with a child's knowledge of naval archi-
tecture and local surroundings knows how impossible it would
be to obey such orders. It was not until 3.30 a. m., on Friday,
the 13th instant, that we were able to secure transportation by
a ferry-boat to the transport ships lying ofE Bedloe Island. The
labor of handling all the luggage from train to ferry-boat and
subsequently to transfer it all to transport was immense. It was
daylight when everyone, absolutely tired out, who possibly could
get away to rest, retired for needful slumber.
Instead of proceeding to Tampa by sea, word soon came that
Spanish ships had been sighted off the Massachusetts coast, and
that the Government, fearing serious consequences to the troops,
had decided to transport them by rail. It is unnecessary here
to describe in detail the provoking delays, the weary waiting, the
many inconveniences of temporized bunks, lack of water, poorly
cooked food, two further transferences of luggage, before finally
our trains pulled out from Jersey City at 11 o'clock on Saturday
night, the 14th of May, when, as everyone supposed, we were
going directly to Tampa. This trip was not especially eventful.
The regiment went in three sections. Colonel Greene in charge
of the first, Lieutenant-Colonel Downs of the second and Major
Clinton H. Smith of the third.
Subsequent investigation showed that, notwithstanding all the
companies were somewhat recruited the week before we started
for Camp Black and the two new companies, L and M, entirely
so, notwithstanding the severe physical examinations, but ten
State Histoeian. 165
per cent of all applications for enlistment in the Seventy-first
Eegiment were rejected. Just before leaving the armory on the
morning of May 2nd word came from division hedquarters as-
signing to the special care of the armory the then Senior Major
of the Regiment, Augustus T. Francis, Avho subsequently, in ac-
cordance with special orders from the Adjutant-General's office,
recruited a new regiment, mustered in as the One Hundred and
Seventy-first and was commissioned Colonel of the same. The
officers for this new regiment were made up largely of men of the
Seventy-first who found it impossible to go to the war and are
veterans of the regiment. In this way many junior officers at-
tained high rank instanter, so to speak. To those who, not
without much sacrifice, in a spirit of generous patriotism and
honest loyalty, had enlisted and gone to the war, retaining former
rank, or, as in some instances, accepting a lower rank rather
than decline a duty, such rapid advancement of the stay-at-homes
seemed very unjust and provoked much ill-feeling. While first
and second lieutenants of years' standing in the regiment were
risking their lives in defense of their country, with little prospect
of promotion, and small chance of gratifying a reasonable ambi-
tion, mere boys at home were made lieutenants, beardless youth
promoted to captaincies, and those reveling in the luxury of their
business rewarded with high rank. There is but one solace for
this sad state of affairs. It lies in the joyful anticipation when
" Johnny comes marching home " of clearing out the novices who
have taken possession of our armory and reinstating ourselves in
our rightful possessions.
Major E. T. T. March, who had been Surgeon of the 71st Regi-
ment for thirteen years, and who, for excellent reasons, was
unable to go with the regiment to the front, and Major Augustus
166 Annual Report ok the
T. Francis, who had been connected with the regiment for over
forty years, did honorable duty in connection with the regiment
in the Civil War, who wanted to go to the front and was seriously
disappointed that he could not because of the special detail
referred to above, form honorable exceptions to the oflScers re-
ferred to as " stay-at-liomes.''
During the trip to Tampa, or as was supposed to Tampa, nien
subsisted on travel rations, securing hot cofifee at stations three
times a day or endeavoring to, at which times they were allowed
to leave the trains and line up in companies to receive it. The
officers, for whom a sleeper was provided with each section, pro-
vided their own mess. An-iving in Washington early Sunday
morning, after waiting one hour, trains proceeded through the
country on to Richmond, almost every spot of which had been
made sacred by important events connected with the Civil War.
Beyond Richmond there is nothing in the terrestrial prospect
particularly to please. Delays were more or less frequent after
leaving Savannah, and it was not until Tuesday, the 17th of May,
that this journey ended — not at Tampa, as was originally de-
signed, but at Lakeland, thirty-tive miles this side of Tampa,
in the most mountainous district of Florida, some 2."i() feet above
the level of the sea, in a region of lakes and pine forests, which
made it, as a place of encampment, exceedingly healthful and
picturesque. As soon as the first section lauded, the Colonel
detailed the Chaplain to proceed to Tampa by ordinary passenger
train, which left shortly, to provision for the officers' mess. Lake-
land, a town of ],0O0 inhabitants, having already exhausted its
resources in sujiplying the wants of several cavalry regiments
there encamped. On train to Tampa the Chaplain was deli^■htcd
to meet Brigadier-* leneial Young,* of 2nd Cavalry Brigade, with
which the Seventy-first had been temporarily brigaded, and also
•S.uji'-'el B. M. Young, siibseqin-ntly Lieu terjaut -General, L'nited states Army, who succeeded
General NcUmi A. Mile-. -State Historian.
State Historian. 167
Major Hayes, of the 1st Ohio Cavalry, an old acquaintance as a
fellow-student at Cornell and son of ex-President Hayes, both
of whom spoke enthusiastically of the excellent reputation the
71st Regiment had among the regulars, and in what high esteem
its Colonel was held by the authorities at Washington.
The Second Massachusetts Volunteers had preceded the
Seventy-first by a few hours and pitched camp by the side of
Lake Morton nearest to the village. Immediately adjacent to
them and on the shore of the same lake the camp of the Seventy-
first was located. Due to the congested condition of the railroad,
a little one-horse affair of the Plant System, built for winter traffic
only, the entire regiment did not arrive at camp until too late
in the afternoon to pitch any tents, but one for the Colonel and
one for the Hospital. Lying in the open, sleeping on terra flrma,
under the azure was no preventative of rest. Long before " taps,"
which were sounded at an early hour, everybody was bivouacking
and asleep, but a portion of the guard and the fellow that blew
the horn. The Chaplain, arriving from Tampa by a belated train,
found the camp, though not without some difficulty, trudging ia
the dark, in a strange country, to a spot not in his mind definitely
located. Immediately upon passing the sentry lines and stumbl-
ing upon the Hospital Corps quarters, through the kindness
of one of the corps, who at once rolled out of his cot and in-
sisted upon his Chaplain's occupying it, the latter removed his
boots and at once retired, sleeping soundly until 4.30, when
awakened by the music of the birds — a picture of sky and
landscape presented itself which language can scarcely describe.
The most beautiful blue sky was seen between the branches of
the pines, from which hung pendant swinging clusters of Florida
moss, and in the distance the rippled surface of a beautiful lake
168 Annual Repoet of the
some two miles in circumference. A stay of nearly two weeks
in this camp did not detract from this original picturesqueness,
though the longer we stayed the more were all convinced that
the dirtiest kind of dirt was to be found in this vicinity. Un-
fortunately in policing the camp a scrupulous sense of neatness
led the men to remove the pine needles which brought us into
immediate contact with the native sand mingled somewhat with
the charred or burned pines and decaying vegetation. This con-
spired to make the camp at Lakeland a spot
" Where every prospect pleases
And only man is vile."
It is perfectly safe to say that during our sojourn in this beau-
tiful spot there was not a man at any moment whose face and
hands were clean.
Daily drills were at once instituted, a target erected and rifle
practice inaugurated for new recruits, and everything done most
quickly to make new soldiers eflficient and the entire command
one of uniform excellence. In strange contrast to the daily
routine of other camps in the neighborhood, both regular and
volunteer, the daily drills, the rifle practice, the dress parade
and the passing in review were both unique and conspicuous.
Here, as at Camp Black, discipline was rigid, men were not
allowed to leave the camp, except at stated times and for special
reasons. Eigorous as this may have seemed to the enlisted men
and maybe to some officers who did not think deeply, results
became at once apparent. The most casual witness saw daily
improvement in every way. Newly enlisted men became quickly
to understand that they had not come on a summer excursion,
but, having gone to war, were expected to prepare for it. At
once the Seventy-first Regiment attracted favorable attention
State Historian. 169
from those whose extensive militai'y experience made them com-
petent to judge of its merits, and words of becoming praise were
frequently heard from those whose positions gave worth to their
expressions. The New York papers at this time made daily
mention of the excellent condition of what, by general consent,
had come to be called " the Gallant Seventy-flrst." Their files
may at any time be consulted to justify this statement. It is
much to be regretted that the idea of preparing this itinerary
did not occur until six weeks after the regiment enlisted. At
this time of writing, and in the field, it is next to impossible
to accumulate the contemporaneaus literature which would have
added to the value of this story. It may be that in the future
some one will be sufficiently interested in this story to supple-
ment it with such extracts. Almost daily letters were written
at this time, and for weeks subsequently, by such eminent writers
as Henry L. Stoddard, for the " Mail and Express," and Mr. Steg-
man, for the " New York Tribune." Even Mr. Poultney Bigelow,
who made a great sensation at the time of the first expedition
to Ouba by sending a communication to the " Herald," in which
he speaks of the volunteer army as wholly unequipped and
unready for service, makes generous exception of the Seventy-
first and accords to it liberal praise.
Naturally enough change of location and climate, with largely
increased temperature, and watei', though pure, different in its
constituent elements from that which troops have been accus-
tomed to, drink, will produce physical disorders until troops are
acclimatized. After an experience of ten days of unusually cold
and stormy weather at Camp Black the regiment was suddenly
confronted with an average daytime temperature of 95 degrees,
at times mounting up to 104 degrees, but, fortunately, the nights
170 Annual Report of the
sufficiently cold to give refreshing sleep. The lake gave
abundant facilities for bathing to the men, and, except for the
character of the dirt above referred to, the camp was generally
satisfactory. Some little difficuHy was experienced by the com-
panies roasting and grinding their own coffee, and, for a time
until this was remedied, diarrhosal difficulties were frequent.
The first death in the regiment was due to this disorder, Private
Philip Hubschmidt, of Company I, dying suddenly from inani-
tion in the arms of his brother at midnight of May 20th in a tent
of his company street. A few days previous to this one of the
Massachusetts regiment had died from pneumonia. The funerals
of both these privates gave a touch of sadness to the experiences
in Lakeland. Both were members of the Episcopal Church, and,
fortunately, for the convenience of many who wished to attend
and the more seemly surrounding for the public service, a very
beautiful little Episcopalian chapel was adjacent, lying between
the two camps on the main highway. The funeral of the Massa-
chusetts private was held on Sunday, the 22nd instant, and that
of Private Hubschmidt on the following Saturday. The body
lay in the church guarded by a special detail from the company
until the hour of sei-vice, 4 p. m., when the entire company and
many from the regiment attended in a body, the chaplain officiat-
ing. The hymns sung at this service were most heartily rendered.
Mention here is proper of the kindness of women friends in the
town who almost exhausted the sparse flora of the dry season
appropriately to decorate the coffin. The scene was one which
all present will long remember when the hearse, with body guard
and many troops following, proceeded to the station, from which
the coffin was sent to New York city. It is no part of the pur-
pose of this itinerary to record the suitable services of a public
State Historian. 171
and prominent nature held in St. Thomas' parish over the re-
mains of our departed comrade, replete notices of which were
published in the several papers at the time.
About noon of the 28th of May several congratulatory tele-
grams were received by Colonel Greene giving intimation that
he had been nominated Brigadier-General by the President. Offi-
cers' call was sounded about 3 p. m., when Colonel Gre«ne an-
nounced that he had just received a telegram informing him
that his nomination as Brigadier-General of volunteers had
been confirmed by the Senate and ordering him* to proceed
at once to California and report to General Merritt for the
Philippine expedition. The Colonel also announced most feel-
ingly his sentiments of affection for and pride in the Seventy-
first Regiment, his regrets on many accounts at leaving the com-
mand, his firm belief that officers worthy the name ought to
accept promotion when it comes unbidden, his earnest wishes
for the welfare of the regiment, his affectionate esteem for
its officers, his confidence that they and the men would acquit
themselves creditably, and that his last official act would be the
nomination by telegram to Governor Black, of the State of New
York,' of Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace A. Downs to the Colonelcy.
Sad as the officers Avere to receive the intelligence, they were
proud that their commander had thus been deservedly honored,
and ended the meeting with an appropriate general cheer and
personal congratulations. It never takes long for news to get to
the company streets. In this instance it must have been antici-
pated, for before the Captains could reach their quarters the
men were cheering, company after company was formed and each
proceeded to the Colonel's tent to give three cheers for Brigadier-
General Greene and receive a few words it might appropriate
172 Annual Report of the
especially to itself. Adjutant William G. Bates was requested
by the Colonel to accompany him.
In a few hours both were packed, their tents were empty and
they had left camp, escorted by the entire regiment, which was
lined up in front of the depot, continuously cheering until the
train departed. The sentiment of the returning regiment was
unanimous, every man in it regretting the departure of Colonel
Greene, and every man equally confident that his successor,
both in personal oharactc-r and military ability, was worthy of
the Colonelcy.
The Chaplain of the regiment, desiring to minister to the
spiritual needs of every man in the regiment, had decided when-
ever practicable to have on every Lord's day, in addition to the
stated and expected service and sermon, a service of the Holy
Communion, to which he would invite every baptised Christian,
duly prepared to receive it. These services had been previously
held in one of the small walled tents of the oiBoers' row and
had been well attended. Frequent services of song were held
at different places in the camp through the week, and in front
of the Hospital tent on Sunday nights. In this way effort was
made to reach all classes, and we are glad to say that the effort
was " in every way successful. The officers very generally at-
tended the public services and assisted in the same, their worthy
example proving contagious and influencing a good attendance
of the men. The regiment is as varied in its religious con-
stituency as in its social and vocational life. It is estimated
that there are at)i»ut 150 Romanists.
While at Camp Black Ch-aplain Van De Water, of the Seyenjty-
flrst, had frequently talks with Father Dftly, Chaplain of the
Sixty-ninth New York Regiment, wholly Irish and almost exolu-
State Historian. 173
sively Eoman Catholic. As a result of these conferences and
in accordance with his own proposition the Seventy-first Chap-
lain invariably made inquiry wherever the regiment might be
and whenever possible arranged for Eoman Catholics to go to
confession on Saturday afternoon and to mass on Sunday morn-
ing. Both Chaplain Daley, of the Sixty-ninth, and two Roman
Catholic chaplains, who paid a visit to the Chaplain of the
Seventy-first when the regiment was encamped at Tampa Heights,
expressed their opinion that in regiments where such liberal ar-
rangements were provided for the Romanists, it was their duty
regularly to attend the stated service and sermon of their own
command, a condition being one that any chaplain of common
sense could easily conform to, viz., that nothing be said in ser-
mon of matters that created vital difference or contention between
Protestants and Catholics.
Both at Lakeland and at Tampa Heights the Colonel allowed
all Roman Catholics to attend mass, leaving and returning to
the camp in a body and under a non-commissioned officer. It
was observed on both occasions that a number proclaimed them-
selves Catholics who gave no other evidence that they were such,
and that some marched to and from town who either did not
attend the mass at all or who were observed to attend very
indifferently. Give a soldier a chance to leave camp, and for
the time he is willing to be anything.
Christians of other names and sorts were fairly dealt with,
and after the regular regimental services on Sunday were
allowed to attend their own places of worship in towns or places
adjoining ttie camp, always, however, in squads under some non-
commissioned officer. In vain were objections uiged by those
who wanted more personal liberty; both Colonel Greene and
174 Annual Ebport op the
Colonel Downs were positive on the subject of preventing men
running about loosely in strange places. Though regulars had
much more liberty than the volunteer troops, at least of the
Seventy-first could have, it ought to be borne in mind that the
average age among the latter is much less than that among
the former, and that, under any circumstances, lax discipline
cannot make good soldiers.
Very early in our camping experience near Hempstead the
Chaplain, observing that the Y. M. C. A. tent, placed near
General Eoe's Divisional Headquarters for the social use and
spiritual benefit of the men in the difl'erent commands, whatever
good it might do others, it was of no use whatever to the Seventy-
first Regiment, since the men were not allowed to leave the camp
in order to use it. Appreciating the value of such a tent, he
made application to Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge, President of the
Y. M. C. A., of New York city, for a tent to be used exclusively
by the Seventy-first Regiment. Mr. Dodge responded most favor-
ably, and, co-operating with Mr. Charles D. Brower, secured
from the Army Commission, not only the tent, but free stationery
for the men and a clerk to manage the property so long as the
regiment remained in the United States. By the time the tent
was secured the regiment was about to leave Camp Black.
Directions were accordingly given, to send the tent on the trans-
port ship by which the Seventy-first was to set sail. This was
done; but, unfortunately, subsequent orders transferring the
regiment from the ship to the Pennsylvania Railway caused the
tent to be overlooked and afterward to be carried to Key West,
where, midst the general confusion of troops and luggage, all
trace of it ended and the tent was lost. It was not until the
regiment was about to leave Tampa Heights to take transport
State Historian. 175
ship to Cuba that, as a result of much correspondence and con-
siderable anxiety, the Commission decided to give another tent,
which was at this time received. How much good might have
been done, could this tent have been erected during our stay
in Lakeland and Tampa, we can never know. No regiment of a
thousand men is properly tented or housed that has not at least
one tent capable of holding at least fifty men, where troops can
resort to write their letters, hold social meetings, give evening
entertainments and attend religious services. Indeed, without
such a tent in clear weather there is no suitable pMce to admin-
ister the sacraments of the church, and in stormy weather no
place whatever for public worship. A thousand men away from
home deserve to have some pitched tabernacle among them. In
the Chaplain's judgment, not to provide such a place is a neglect
of duty. Fortunately, as was said before, the Episcopal Church
in Lakeland served for our camp chapel. The services on the
29th of May were especially interesting. At 8 o'clock, in the
presence of a congregation that quite filled the nave, the Chap-
lain first baptized Private Brandt Engelke, whose mother died
while the regiment was aboard transport ship " City of Washing-
ton " in New York Harbor, and whom Colonel Greene declined
to allow to attend his mother's funeral. At the time the Colonel
was severely criticised by the press for what it called an act
of unnecessary cruelty. At this very time the Colonel's father,
General Greene, oldest living graduate of West Point, famous
for his gallantry in the Civil War and seriously wounded at
Wauhatchie, was dying in Morristowu, N. J. Subsequently, while
at Lakeland, the Colonel was informed by telegram that his
youngest child was quarantined with scarlet fever with its
mother in New York, and that his other children, except his
176 Annual Eepoet of the
son, who was an enlisted man on board the cruiser " Yankee,"
were distributed about in houses of friends. On neither occasion,
though feeling as deeply as any man could the pain of separa-
tion. Colonel Greene never thought for one moment of leaving
the regiment, with which he had been continuously from the
morning it left the armory to go to Camp Black. What
he did himself he expected others to do. The end justified the
means. Through private ministrations to and talks with
young Engelke he was led to take new and higher ideals of duty,
became an excellent soldier, and, best of all, devoted Christian.
After his baptism, communion was at once administered — -it
was Whitsunday, the presence of the Holy Spirit was manifest.
Some eighty oflScers and men received their sacrament, among
them Colonel Downs, who seemed to be consecrating himself to
his new and arduous labors in the best way possible. Captain
Townsend, of Company A, played the little organ, and the way
the men sang the three hymns of the service and chanted the
" Gloria in Excelsis " would have thrilled the hearts of a con-
gregation in St. Paul's, London. The presence of several Captains
and the Quartermaster, together with a large number of enlisted
men, gave the Chaplain assurance that, however difQcult might
be his work in the regiment, there were a goodly number, and
these the most influential, ready to hold up his hands in every
effort.
It was a pleasure also for the Chaplain to have for assistants
in the preparation for the service two of his own young men
from St. Andrews, and to see in the congregation some dozen or
more from his parish at home. At 10 o'clock, to a large number
of men seated on the ground in front of the Colonel's tent, the
Chaplain held service and preached a sermon from St. James,
State Histoeian. 17T
1-26, " Pure religion is to keep ourself unspotted from the world."^
Colonel Downs at once, on assuming command, appointed Alfred
H. Abeel, Lieutenant of Company M, Adjutant of the regiment.
On the 30th of May word was received by Colonel Downs and.
transmitted by him to the officers that the 71st Regiment, New
York Volunteers, had been permanen tly brigaded with the Sixth
and Sixteenth Infantry, Regulars, which constituted the First
Brigade of the First Division of the Fifth Army Corps, under
General Shafter, and that it would proceed the next day to
Tampa and there encamp waiting further orders, fhe last week
of the camp at Lakeland was largely occupied by officers seek-
ing and procuring their respective mounts. Florida oflEers a
poor market for officers; their horses, like their men, are chiefly
runts. They run small and thin. Cracker horses, like the
cracker men, are, as a rule, long, lean and gaunt. The moment
it was known that the officers wanted horses the country for
miles around was put under requisition, and quadrupeds, numer-
ous and various, invaded the camp. One Jehu from the town,
with a high tenor voice and no conscience, is said to have made
a fortune out of the Spanish War by selling horses exclusively
to Seventy-first New York and Second Massachusetts, and to
have retired with competence sufficient to enable him to live in
Lakeland without work. Most men do this, anyway, but he will
do it in luxury. The way this man could shave the truth would
shame Munchausen. He could even perform miracles, this man.
He deceived the very elect. Mounting a roan steed he sped away
at a furious gait, wheeled quickly about and returned as if on
a charger. The Chaplain was so overcome by this exhibition,
that, attracted by the only big horse he had seen, he bought him
instanter. The horse has never since been known to do more
12
178 Annual Report of the
than walk. A spur cannot persuade him to change his reverent
gait. The patient reader might suppose from this that the Chap-
lain was the most unfortunate speculator in horse flesh among
air the oflScers. But not so. It is the express conviction of
Boss, the chief hostler, who was in the United States Cavalry
Service for ten years, and if he doesn't know a horse, knows
nothing, also of George, the oflScers' valet, who was brought up
among horses and was coachman for twenty years, that the
Chaplain's horse, named Quoque (Quoque means clam) is the
best of the equine outfit. These words are written about a
month after the horses of the field and staff were purchased.
Respect for the feelings of my fellow-officers forbids my descrip-
tion in detail of the horses they chose to call their own. Of all
my extensive experiences in larger parishes of large cities,
these horses remind me most of visits to the home for the
ruptured and crippled. If this war lasts long and there are found
no horses of Spanish gentlemen in Cuba on which to forage, it
may be regarded as a fixed certainty that requisitions for offi-
cers' mounts will have to be made upon the mules.
Not in any spirit of fault finding, but merely to record facts,
it should be state* here that, though the regiment had been
in the United States service for nearly one month, the entire
necessities of its Hospital Department had been provided by the
regiment and at its own expense. The Surgeon himself was
obliged to advance considerable money to procure necessary medi-
cines. At his request the Chaplain was detailed by the Colonel
to proceed to Tampa on the 26th instant, with a formal requisi-
tion for medical supplies and endeavor to secure them at once.
He went directly to Army Corps Headquarters at Tampa Bay
Hotel, was most courteously treated and sent to one of the supply
Cl, lljti^tntr^
State Historian. 179
stores in the town with an order to have supplies that were
needed furnished at once. Only a meagre portion of the requisi-
tion could be obtained, supplies in stock being most inadequate
to the demands. But a greater difficulty than this, even, con-
fronted the Hospital Department. It seems that soldiers in the
regular army by self-imposed flues and by saving their rations,
accumulate a fund with which to purchase delicacies for their
sick. Volunteers in this, as in other matters, suffer from their
inexperience. Soon it was found that sick men needed something
more than medicines, and that convalescents even could neither
relish nor assimilate bacon, beans and hard tack. A serious
condition soon confronted the regiment. We were in a country
where milk was diflacult to procure and ice not to be had in
large quantities. The latter had to be made artificially, and
the large number of troops poured into the little town of Lake-
land demanded daily more than the limited plant could supply.
It had not rained for six months. There was no grass to be seen
anywhere in the fields, and- such thin cows as were trying to
graze had nothing withal to squeeze from their udders. After
consulting with the Surgeon the Chaplain telegraphed to several
of his parishioners and friends of the regiment in New York,
who immediately and generously responded to such an extent
that within a week the hospital stores resembled a grocery shop,
and anybody in the regiment needing other food than that pro-
vided could be libepally supplied with malted milk, in powder or
tablet form; bouillon capsules, beef extract, lime juice, soups
of every sort, jams, biscuit and crackers of various kinds, whiskey
of the best quality, condensed milk and quantities of Dover's
powders and bismuth. Sun Cholera Mixture, and many other
things which the liberal hearts devised.
180 Annual Eepokt of the
Among these general contributors from New York city may
be mentioned: Mrs. Walter H. Wagstaff, Mrs. Emmet R. Oleott,
Mr. Lyman B. GarJield, Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge, Mr. Eugene
Cktnklin, representing the Seventy-first Veteran Association ; Mrs.
Archibald Watt, Colonel Henry P. Martin, War Colonel of the
■Seventy-first in '61, and Mr. Irving P. Fisher. Many others, no
doubt, contributed whose names do not here appear, notably
parishioners of St. Andrew's, Harlem, and the Broadway Taber-
nacle, Thirty-fourth street. The regiment will hold these in
lasting remembrance; they certainly ministered unto our
necessity. Sick calls lessened the moment these goods arrived;
:and all felt that the painstaking labors of the Surgeons were
uow properly supplemented with needed medicines and foods.
For the last few evenings before the breaking up of the camp
.at Lakeland, to avoid the terrific dust of the neighboring fields,
the regiment was paraded and reviewed by the shore of the lake,
and, while to do this in the somewhat constrained quarters it
was necessary for the staff to stand perilously near, if not into,
the water during parade and the regiment to pass in review by
■columns of fours, the picturesqueness of the scene at sunset
caused every inconvenience to be overlooked, leaving a memory
sweet to recall.
On the evening of the 30th of May there was given by the
Lakeland Lodge of Free Masons a reception and banquet to the
Masonic brethren of the regiment, and, though it was the night
before the regiment was to break camp and many found it im-
possible to leave, about thirty officers and twenty men attended.
The exercises were exoeeidingly interesting. Addresses were made
by the Worshipful Masteir and an old member of the Lakeland
Lodge, and responses to these were giv* by Dr. H. Eugene Staf-
State Historian. 181
ford, Assistant Surgeon, and Chaplain Van Dewater, of the
Seventy-first.
Recognition of the spirit which had prompted the men to leave
their homes and volunteer for foreign war, together with an
especial tribute to the worth of the Seventy-first Regiment, was
much appreciated by the visiting brethren. It would be interest-
ing to know how many Masons there are in the regiment. Most
all the officers are members of the order, and, it is believed, also
many of the men. It has even been suggested that a warrant
be obtained from the Grand Lodge of New York for a traveling
lodge, with power to hold ofiScial communications and confer
Masonic degrees.
In due time news came, both by personal letter and through
the public press, that the President had nominated our former
Adjutant, William G. Bates, to be a Captain of Volunteers;
that the Senate had confirmed the nomination, and that he had
been assigned to the position of Assistant Adjutant-General upon
the stafiE of Brigadier-General Greene, and that both were on the
way to San Francisco to report to General Merritt and proceed
to the Philippines. By this transfer of Mr. Bates the Seventy-
first Regiment lost a most efficient officer. Coming from K Com-
pany of the Seventh, Mr. Bates served as Adjutant of the
Seventy-first during the six years of Colonel Greene's adminis-
tration. It is safe to say that naver did this or any other regi-
ment have an adjutant ^ho worked harder, or who did his work
better than he. Those of us who had served long in the staflE,
proud as we were to see our friends promoted, reftdy as we always
are to welcome new and worthy men to our companionship,
sighed deeply as we recalled recent losses of men like J. Kennedy
Tod, Commissary; J'. Kensett dyphant. Quartermaster; E. T. T.
182 Annual Report of the
Marsh, M. D., Surgeon, and now of Francis V. Greene, Colonel,
and W. G. Bates, Adjutant. It is a compliment to their suc-
cessors to say that they are worthy to succeed such men. We'
would be less than worthy men did we not praise their
predecessors.
The following changes were made in the ofiQcers of the regiment
at once upon the promotion of Colonel Greene and Adjutant
Bates, and their commissions in due time arrived from Albany:
Colonel, Wallace A. Downs.
Lieutenant-Colonel, Clinton H. Smith.
Majors, John H. Whittle, J. HoUis Wells, Frank Keck.
Captains, Malcolm J. EafCerty, Company F; Edward A. Sel-
fredge, Jr., Company K.
Subsequently, under date of June 9th, the following were
appointed officers in the Seventy-first Regiment, under Special
Orders No. 109 from General Headquarters, State of New York :
• First Lieutenant William J. Crockett, Company A, to be First
Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant, original.
Second Lieutenant Harris B. Fisher, Company M, to be First
Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant, original.
Second Lieutenant Fred. H. Weyman, Company B, to be First
Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant, original.
Second Lieutenant John M. Thompson, Company K, to be First
Lieutenant, vice Selfredge promoted.
Quartermaster-Sergeant Lester J. Blauvelt, Company B, to be
Second Lieutenant, Company K, vice Thompson promoted. He
has since been detailed by Colonel Downs as Commissary of
the Regiment, Lieutenant Bcekman, of Company B, having
served briefly as Commissary, and, at his own request, returned
to his place in the line.
State Historian. 183
Sergeant Peter H. Short, Jr., Company A, to be First Lieuten-
ant, Company A, vice Crockett detailed Battalion Adjutant.
Sergeant James M. Hutchinson, Company M, to be Second
Lieutenant, vice Fisher promoted.
Sergeant Charles F. Boynton, Company B, to be Second Lieu-
tenant, vice Weyman promoted.
All dates of these several commissions and rank are from June
5th, 1898.
On Tuesday, 31st of May, reveille was sounded at 3.30 a. m. ;
everybody in camp on the qui vive making ready to move. Due
to other's delays we begun the day at much too early an hour,
for both at Lakeland and at Ybor City hours were wasted need-
lessly waiting for trains to start or different sections to be
brought together that goods might be transported.
Just before pulling out from Lakeland a passenger train from
the north arrived at the station. Mrs. Babcock, wife of a private
in Company B, who, having heard that her husband was sick in
hospital, came in this train with her brother, Mr. Bostwick.
Much surprised to find the regiment about to leave for further
south and anxious to avoid stopping in Lakeland, by permission
of the Colonel was allowed to proceed with the regiment to
Tampa. The Chaplain escorted her to the officers' car and enter-
tained her on the journey, much pleased to find that they had
many mutual acquaintances, and that Mr. Bostwick, her brother,
was in the gi?aduating class at Columbia University, of which
the Chaplain of the Regiment is also the Chaplain. As an illus-
tration of what sacrifices have been made by many in this com-
mand, and what a spirit of patriotism possesses the best of
American youth. It is interesting to record that Mr. and Mrs.
Babcock were on their wedding tour, having proposed to spend
184 Annual, Report op the
a year abroad. Six months of the time had passed. They were
at Florence. Learning of the possibility of volunteers being
called to the front, they returned home at once, Mr. Babcock.
resuming his place in Company B and mustered in as a private,
Mrs. Babcock at once on arriving at Ybor City, an adjacent Cuban
settlement to Tampa, took trolley with her brother to Tampa
Bay Hotel, where she remained for two weeks until the regiment
left by transport ship with the fleet going to West Indies.
During this time, by entertaining several oJBScers at the Tampa
Bay Hotel, frequently visiting the camp at Tampa Heights and
for a week daily coming to the transport ship " Vigilancia," as
she lay in Tampa Bay three miles from shore, this good, kind
and discreet woman, by a kind^ heart, generous purse and extra-
ordinary discretion, ministered to the welfare of many in the
regiment and made herself in every way helpful.
The train conveyed the regiment from Lakeland in two sec-
tions. As usual, the management of this one-horse road mixed
things up in such a way that men and goods could not be brought
together for hours. Mules were found in one section a mile
and a half away from the wagons to which they were to be
attached; tents and provisions were so confused that nobody
could tell where either could be found; horses were miles from
their saddles and the hostlers were with neither. No matter
whose fault all this was, and maybe all of it was not the Gov-
ernment's nor the railroad's, the results were distressing. After
, lying around in the broiling sun for several hours, the men hav-
ing lunched from traveling rations, and the ofiBcers faring as
best they could in cheap, nasty adjacent lager beer saloons, of
the dirtiest and wickedest town in all the country, the regiment
finally, with but two mounted ofiQcers, the Colonel and the Chap-
State Historian. 185
lain, the others, unable to get their horses, taking journey on
foot, began the march for camp, the men carrying knapsack
and blanket, the average weight of which was sixty-two pounds.
An ofQcer of the Sixth Infantry, Regulars, o'ne Lieutenant
Shindle, had been detailed by Colonel Cochran, in charge of
the brigade, to meet the regiment on its arrival and conduct it to
its assigned location for camp; but, like all things in Florida,
this regular army officer moved slowly and arrived at the station
^ half hour late. It was also subsequently discovered that
this Lieutenant Shindle conducted the regiment by a round-
about road, at least one-half mile longer than one much more
frequented, easier of access and along the border of which, for
almost its entire length was a good wooden sidewalk on which
the men might have marched. The men themselves discovered
this when leaving camp at Tampa Heights, a week later; they
quietly and comfortably walked down this board sidewalk to
Ybor City, and wondered why in the name of something I can-
not write here they had not first come by this path. The march
to Tampa Heights will never be forgotten by those who took it.
The day was very hot, the hour of the day its hottest, every man
had been up since half-past three, and most of the time on his
feet. The road was in such a dry condition that fully eighteen
inches of dust finer than powder had to be trudged through along
its entire course. Comparatively few halts were given, the
Colonel thinking it best to get the regiment to camp at an early
tour in order to become settled before dark. As we passed by
several camps of the regular troops the men rushed out to the
side of the road and gave the gallant Seventy-first cheers of
hearty welcome and approval. At the time, and many times sub-
sequently, by both officers and men of the regular army, admira-
186 Annual Eepoet of the
tion for the magnificent bearing of the volunteer regiment^
marching steadily under their heavy packs, enduring the heat
and dust without one man falling out of the ranks, keeping \:j> a
quick route step for a three miles' march, by some regajded in the
light of a forced march, was enthusiastically expressed. Several
were prostrated by the heat on arriving at camp, but were
quickly restored. The effects, however, of the march were seen
for several days, in cases of general weakness and obstinate
diarrhoea. It was very soon discovered that there was no prospect
of procuring tents or provisions to any considerable extent before
the following morning. To provide something to eat as every man
best could and some finding blanks except at the Colonel's tent
and a few scattering ones in one or two company streets, the
regiment bivouacked that night, every man in it, except the
guard, sleeping soundly a full eight hours and some of the guard,
no doubt, catching a wink or two on their weary sentry rounds^
It needs no touch of poetry to express the sentiment of devotion
to duty shown by a man who has been up since half-past three
the preceding morning, has traveled three miles under conditions
such as we have described, who must then undertake guard duty
for the night. "Tommy Atkins" has our sympathy.
By early afternoon of the next day our scattered tents and
goods, except a few boxes of oranges and other delicacies of tlie
field and staff officers' mess, which Lieutenant Williams and his
detail, which had been left at the depot, had consumed without
let or leave of the owners, were all secured and the regiment
comfortably settled in its new abode. The usual experience of
water, not yet introduced, was encountered, and for forty-eight
hours, until the pipes were laid and the Artesian wells sunk,^
heavy requisition was made upon our colored neighbors, who, to
State Historian. 187
their credit, came generously to our relief. It was very soon
discovered that in every respect, excepting, perhaps, the single
element of picturesqueness, this camp at Tampa Heights was
much superior to the one at Lakeland. Within a half mile of
the river that flows into Tampa Bay, on a promontory just eight
feet above sea level, which, in Florida, counts for heights and
gives to it its name, reasonably wooded with rather spreadii.g
pines, adjacent to several fine orange groves, the waver very
pure and wholesome, the soil sufficiently hard to i)ack, this camp
was really ideal. Its healthfulness showed in the rapidly reduc-
ing number at sick call. Daily routine of drill and instruction,
with rifle practice for raw recruits, was again resumed, and every
day, but one, when it rained severely at the time, the evening
guard mounting was at once followed by an assembly for dress
parade and review. Contrast between this discipline and the
laxity in regular camps where raw recruits were numerous,
there was nothing to do and men had perfect liberty from mess
call in the morning to " retreat " at night, the contrast, I repeat,
reflected creditably upon the Seventy-first, showed in its con-
tinued improvement, and was the Subject of favorable remark by
those who daily witnessed its public functions.
It was felt from the beginning that our stay here would not
be long. As each day wore on, however, and men became better
fi.atisfled with the surroundings the longer they remained, hope
was expressed on every side that the regiment might be fortunate
enough to be left at Tampa Heights for at least three weeks
before it should be summoned to leave for the front. Not but
what it wanted to go to the front, nothing it wanted more, but
its best officers and men wanted to go thoroughly equipped and
prepared, and this they knew every day made more possible.
188 Annual Report of the
Their good wishes in this respect were not destined, however^
to be fulfilled, for in exactly one week's time orders came sud-
denly to strike camp, proceed to Ybor City, take train to Port
Tampa, and there board transport ships for the Island of Cuba.
Nothing of especial importance occurred during the week'&
stay at Tampa Heights not already noted, save the visit of the
United States Paymaster, who took the best part of two days
to settle with the regiment, and made us all somewhat more
happy. He paid the men uniformly from the date of the muster-
ing into the United States service to the 1st of June, leaving the
State to pay the troops from the date of leaving the armory,.
May 2nd, to the time of the mustering in, which, up to this time
of writing, June 16th, it has not yet done. New York papers,,
received by us daily until we left our native shores, speak of this
delay on the part of the State in terms of reprehension and cite
instances of needless suffering by families of enlisted men due
to this inexplicable delay. Fortunately for us such instances-
of suflfering abound in regiments other than the Seventy-first
encamped chiefly at Chickamauga, now awaiting orders for sub-
sequent mobilization and invasion. The Veteran Association of
this regiment at home organized as soon as the regiment left its
armory, and since has added to its organization an auxiliary
of women, both of whom are actively engaged in providing for
the needs of the regiment in the field and their families who are
in need of assistance at home. Prom letters recently received it
would seem the number of the latter in the Seventy-first is happily
very few. There are numerous instances of organizations and
firms with suflBcient patriotism to enable them to continue the
salaries of their employes while such are engaged in the United
States service. Indeed, in cases where such generous treatment
State Historian. IBS'
has been refused it is considered incontestable evidence of their
inherent meanness.
The Paymaster finished his work on Friday afternoon, the
3rd of June, and, no doubt, before night some of the senseless
ne'er-do-wells had by ways best known to themselves parted
with their money. It seems sad to state that the Colonel thought
it was necessary to warn the men through their officers that
gambling was forbidden by the Articles of War. On the other
hand, it is pleasing to cite, among other evidences of the common
sense and estimable character of many, maybe most in the regi-
ment, that large amounts of money were sent home by bank,
drafts and post-oflBce exchanges by officers and men of the
Seventy-first who had just received their pay.
The day after being Saturday, and the Colonel being desirous-
to relax a little the previous discipline, gave the men the privi-
lege of going to town from 1 to 5 p. m. It would be pleasing here-
to state that not a man abused that privilege, but,
" All mankind is unco' weak,
And little to be trusted,
If self the ■wavering balance shake
It's rarely right adjusted."
If everybody in the regiment were good, the Chaplain would
lose his vocation. As proof, therefore, that he has vocation still,
mournfully it must be stated that not an inconsiderable number
came in that night at a late hour and a few stretched their leave
to the next day or the day after. These men were punished for
their inexcusable infraction of discipline. The general feeling
in the regiment was disgust for men who would thus deliberately
abuse a privilege so generously granted.
190 Annual Eeport of the
On Saturday evening, the 4tli of June, the band from brigade
headquarters came to our encampment and favored us with an
excellent instrumental concert. A similar mark of attention was
paid by the Brigade Band while we were in Lakeland. While
we were lavishing our appreciation of such attentions the thought
was constantly recurring that somebody had made a big blunder
by not bringing sufficient band music of our own. A band is
of greatest value to a regiment. Music that hath charms to
soothe a savage breast, hath solace and inspiration to soldiers
away from home. It is the Chaplain's earnest belief that had
a regimental band accompanied us, many a time there would be
less sick in the hospital and less disconsolate ones out of it.
Men stop thinking about bacon and beans and forget all about
grumbling and growling when listening to the strains of martial
music or the rhapsody of homely hymns with which they associate
most cherished sentiments. Many a time when we heard music in
neighboring camps, or sailing for days in southern seas on trans-
port ships, we heard night and morning the inspiring tones of
well-drilled bands, we became envious, even covetous, and won-
dered why the Seventy-flrst should be treated like a lot of
Quakers, who object to music, or as savages, supposed to have no
music in their souls. Let us be fair. Much as we regret the
absence of a band, and can never quite understand why the
bass drums were left behind at Long Island City, it ought to be
stated by way of honor to whom honor be due that the members
of our Drum Corps do very well, are improving every dJiy; that
our trumpet calls are excellent and that, considering the num-
bers, the result is all that one could reasonably expect from such
limited resources.
The services in camp at Tampa Heights on Sunday, the 5th of
June, were very well attended, exceedingly interesting and evi-
State Historian. 191
dently much blessed. A communion service, held in the field and
staff officers' mess tent, was attended by over sixty officers and
men, and subsequently at 9 o'clock under a clump of trees at
the end of the officers' row. After a brief, apocopated service
of morning prayer the Chaplain preached to a goodly number
from the parable of the Prodigal Son, closing with an earnest
appeal for officers and men to become sober in a serious cause
and as fit preparation for any emergency that might confront
and any result that might ensue to prepare to meet their God.
Aftei* the service two privates presented themselves^or baptism —
William C. Lawrence, of Company G, and Richard Martens, of
Company G, who were baptised a few moments in the presence
of their chosen witnesses in the Chaplain's tent.
The visitation of General Miles and his staff one evening
previous to dress parade and the frequent visitations of aides
from both Brigade and Division Headquarters kept everyone
on the qui vive, hourly expecting orders to join the first expedi-
tion to Cuba. Such news as could be obtained from newspapers
strictly censored by the Government, which was anxious that its
movements of troops should be unknown to Spain, informed us
of Schley's effective blockade of Havana with his fleet of war-
ships, of little guerilla expeditions communicating with the in-
surgents, supplying these latter with food and ammunition, of
Sampson's fleet bombarding Santiago, the heroic exploit of Hob-
son in sinking the Merrimac at the mouth of the harbor and the
imperative need of troops at once to second these brilliant efforts,
made everybody who had ever heard of the- possibility of our
going on the first expedition most anxious to start there. Added
to all this we kept hearing daily of the increasing number of
ships in Tampa Bay waiting for the troops. At last we heard
of troops encamped immediately adjacent to us receiving orders
192 Annual Eepoet of the
"to move; then came the orders to the Sixth Infantry, Regulars,
and to the Sixteenth, which, we knew, were brigaded with us,
to proceed to the transports at Port Tampa. We knew that the
only volunteer troops in the first expedition were to be the
Seventy-first New York and the Second Massachusetts, which
had in a few days begn turned into a light artillery regiment,
and Roosevelt's Rough Eiders, under command of Colonel Wood.
Every blow of the trumpet was thought to be oificers' call, and
every man in the regiment was on the expectant. Already
preparations for leaving had begun to be made. Every man had
rolled his overcoat attached to his knapsack, to be turned into
the Quartermaster and left behind under guard. Shelter tents
had been issued, one-half of which was rolled by each man with
Tils poncho and blanket to be borne upon his person. Captain
Stoddard, of Company E, was relieved of the command of his
company and assigned to the care of the sick that had to be
left behind and the semi-sick and tender-feet that it was thought
well to leave behind, nineteen in all. The sick, to their credit,
•sincerely regretted a condition that compelled their absence from
the regiment, and none among them more than Private Kopper,
■of Company E, son of a former Colonel of the regiment, and
joung Hubschmidt, of Company I, brother of the young man
who died in Lakeland. Kopper had the measles and Hubschmidt
liad ruptured himself falling over a beam at the sinks. Of the
men with cold feet, who feigned illness to be left at home, or, who,
not feigning illness, were good for nothing abroad, we will not
speak, save to say that few things in farce or comedy could
equal the assumed sorrow with which these men expressed their
regrets at being left at home. It was enough to make a cat
laugh, and a kitten might have shamed them with courage. We
:Sorbear to mention their names; may future history give them
State Historian. 193
the oblivion tliey deserve. If it should happen that at: auv
future time one reading these lines might think this judgmcMit
harsh, and that mamma's boys had been sorely misjudged, it is
recommended that they consult with Major Bell, Surgeon of the
Regiment., and, after hearing his description, ours will be re-
garded as very tame.
At precisely 4.30 of the afternoon of June 7th, the anticipated
order was received. Officers' call was at once sounded, solemn
stillness reigned throughout the camp, men assembled in the
company streets ready to receive their orders as ^oon as they
might be received from their First Sergeants. The terms of the
order were: Prepare at once to remove men, tents and luggage;
mules and wagons will be ready to move you, leaving Ybor City
at 6.30 p. m., proceeding to Port Tampa, where transport ships
await ; provide twelve days' travel and fourteen days' field rations.
By anyone at all familiar with military affairs it will readily be
seen that to execute this order literally was impossible. Even
had mules and wagons been sent, which they were not for hours,
all our own having been sent with tiie horses to Port Tampa to
be shipped, and had the train been ready at 6.30 p. m., which it
was not until 6.30 the following morning, to have struck tents,
packed them and other luggage, loaded all and marched the
troops for three miles to Ybor City in two hours was ridiculous,
even to suggest.
To one who has heard all his life of military precision and
has had an idea that orders were like the voice of heaven speak-
ing, always executed with regularity, like return of night and
day, a campaign experience is very likely to furnish some remark-
able disappointments. Impossible orders are issued, trains are
never on time, transport ships come hours after troops are
landed on docks; you never know where you are going or when
13
194 Annual Report of the
you will get there. The truth is, war is weary waiting, and until
a soldier learns not to think he cannot be said to be truly happy.
The " general " was sounded at the earliest practical moment,
6.30 p. m., tents all dropping together in a very satisfactory man-
ner. Through the failure of mules and wagons to arrive at camp
to transport the luggage it was after midnight before the regi-
ment took up its three-mile march to Ybor City. The night was
hot and close, and the road very dusty for a mile until we
reached the sidewalk leading into the city. The march was un-
eventful enough, but its weirdness in the early morning hours
and passing by United States ai'my wagons drawn by six mules
conveying luggage from several camps in the neighborhood made
it memorable. Lieutenant Williams, of Company I, with a detail,
had preceded us with orders to ascertain our train and load it
with our luggage. It was not until 11.30 that any train at all
appeared upon the track, and it was only then that this train,
said by the authorities to be assigned to the Thirteenth Infantry,
was literally captured, loaded and held for our benefit. The
whole regiment was indebted to Lieutenant Williams for this
assimiption of authority and dignity which he neither officially
nor naturally possessed. A detail of Company F, under Captain
Rafiferty, went to Tampa to load ammunition which had been
left there and was to be picked up by us en route to Port Tampa.
It was not until 6.30 o'clock the following morning that the
train moved out and we proceeded to Port Tampa.
Copy of official order of fleet vessels, transports and convoys
leaving Tampa Bay, Quarantine Station, Tuesday, June 14th,
1898, at 6 p. m., the Indiana and several of the war ships meeting
us ofif Key West early Thursday morning:
l^^^cc^t^c^y^ . J^^^uAj3Ul^
State Historian.
195
o
1600
o
AT
4oq_
01
02
03
OH
I
fiOO
026
01
N-^, 027
b34
&00-
1600
800
I = INDIANA.
T = DETROIT.
AO = sCORPION.
V -VESUVIUS.
E -HELENA.
N = CASTING.
1600 YDS
N
o
800-
09
OlO
05
012
029
o
800
028
013
o3e
025
014
033
I
1600
I
Oaw.^
Qao
1600
EO
600 Qi
017IST Drv^
oia
O20V
06 \
O30 0\
0-800
OT
022
023 AE-
024 -
031^
03 2^'*00 -..
021
03T OI6
AT = PANTHER.
IV = BANCROFT.
N Wi = WOMPATUCK,
AE^=EAGLE.
AW =WASP.
1 = YOSEMITE.
o =
NAVAL VESSEL.
o==
TRANSPORT SHIP.
196 Annual Report of the
Port Tampa, a distance of nine miles from Tampa city, was
reached about 9 o'clock, a long wait having been made at the
Tampa station to take on the car in which the ammunition had
been stored, and to give opportunity for the men to eat their
breakfasts. On arriving at Port Tampa a condition analogous
to Bedlam presented itself; train after train filled with troops
and luggage pulled into the long pier. There passed us on a
Bide track before we detrained the Roosevelt Rough Riders, from
whom we learned that they had received orders to go to Cuba
dismounted. Such a set of disappointed men one seldom has
seen. The fates of war have certainly their disappointments. To
think of Theodore Roosevelt leaving the position of Assistant
Secretary of the Navy and organizing a regiment of expert
cavalrymen, at least one company of which is made up of young
men of high social standing in New York, every man in the
command having furnished himself with expensive mounts, sud-
denly by an order to be dismounted is certainly hard luck. Our
entire regiment, like scores of others, had to stand or sit for six
or seven hours in hot sand, with no shelter, before the transport
ships, which were in the outer bay, sailed up to the dock and were
ready to receive the troops. Both Major-Generals Miles and
Shafter were there with their staffs; but arrangements seemed
utterly ineffectual for the work in hand. The whole affair was,
as one of the officers characteristically described it, '• a game of
grab." Fortunntely for the Seventy-first Regiment its Colonel,
ordinarily modest, persistently pushed his claims, conformed to
conditions, and what he needed and could not secure through
the ordinary channels took unappropriated. At the last moment
he was told that only a limited number of hoiscs CDuld be
allowed to go; what they expected to do with the others nobody
State Historian. 197
seemed to know. One officer would turn you over to another
officer, he to a third, and finally it would be discovered that no
one knew what boat you were going on, what time the boats
would come to the pier or anything else which a little system
and some management might have provided. Under these con-
ditions Colonel Downs concluded to do what was best for the
regiment despite orders or the lack of theni. Indeed, he was told
by one officer to go ahead and arrange for his regiment without
reference to orders. Accordingly, he selected the " Vjgilancia,"
the finest boat of the whole fleet, the newest boat of the Ward
Line; and to secure it he sent Lieutenant-Oolonel Smith and a
detail of twelve men in a small boat down the bay, hired for the
purpose, who, on arriving, informed the captain that the " Vigi-
lancia" must at once proceed to the dock and take aboard the
Seventy-first New York Volunteers. It was most fortunate that
this ship was secured, because not a single command in the fleet
was as large as this regiment, and not another boat in the fleet
could have held this regiment. As soon as it came to the pier
the regiment was boarded and immediately, though the men were
fatigued with the day's heat and tiresome waiting, they at once
turned in and loaded the boat with tents, provisions, luggage
and ammunition ; finally the horses were put on board — all of
them, too — no officer forbidding. This kind of work had been
going on all day, and, indeed, all the night and part of the day
before, until, when the work was finished, there were thirty-nine
transport ships, carrying eighteen thousand troops, their lug-
gage and ammunition, horses and mules, wagons and carts, and
all other paraphernalia of a moving army of invasion. When
the fleet had started there were seen, in addition, twelve United
States vessels as convoys, floats for transferring troops and
198 Annual Kkport op the
horses in tow of several of the vessels, a small steam, yacht, with
reporters and representatives of foreign governments, the Hos-
pital Ship and the flagship, on which were General Shafter and
his staff. Just as the officers were being seated at their first
meal in the saloon of the "Vigilancia" the Division Quarter-
master came aboard and announced that the expedition to Cuba
had been temporarily suspended. More weary waiting followed.
Indeed, we remained lashed up to the railroad dock until the
following afternoon, when, fortunately for our comfort, we sailed
three miles down the bay and anchored and there remained until
the following Tuesday night before the fleet set sail for Cuba.
Nobody knew, but everybody guessed, the reason for the delay.
The best guess, because the one confirmed by newspapers, was
that President McKinley's great anxiety, to protect the troops,
having heard that the Spanish fleet had been sighted outside the
bay, had caused a temporary suspension of the order to pro-
ceed. This, the gentle reader will recall, was the reason why we
were transferred from transport ships in New York Harbor to
trains in Jersey City. Subsequent events proved that there had
been no Spanish ships seen off the Massachusetts coast, and
that the President's anxiety was unfounded. In the opinion of
the writer of this story the President's anxiety is a myth, the
story of the Spanish warships a fake, and the reason for delay
in sending the fleet to Cuba was simply its unreadiness to go.
During the five days' waiting at dock and in Tampa Bay the men
of the regiment did little else, when they were not drilling or
otherwise engaged in detail work, but loaf, eat, sleep and grumble.
Such an extraordinary amount of fault-finding had never before
developed in the command. OflScers were as bad as the men in
finding fault. Food was bad and not enough of it, meals were
State Historian. 199
poorly served, the service of stewards was defective, there were
DO chairs to sit on, exorbitant charges were made for beer,
hours for meals absurdly inconvenient, nothing, in fact, was
right or as it should be. For a few days and until the fleet got
under way this grumbling was incessant. The truth is the men
wanted to go; and constant delays and no reason given for them
became vexatious. All became happy the moment the word was
given to start. The truth also was that the "Vigilancia" was
the finest boat of the fleet, the men of the Seventy-first had
roomiest and best-ventilated quarters of any in the fleet, and
that, much as both men and officers grumbled at the food, the
former were provided with travel rations of such liberal and
excellent a quality that at no time for two weeks were there
six sick men out of the thousand; and the latter, considering
that they paid but a dollar a day, ought to have been ashamed
of themselves to have found any fault. A stranger might some-
times think, in hearing soldiers talk, that going to war they
had expected no hardships, and that boarding a transport ship
of the United States Government they had reason 'to expect fare
similar to that of an Atlantic liner. The few that did not grumble
were quite ready and frank to assert that the voyage on the
Atlantic, furnished gratuitously by the Government, was a very
agreeable diversion, and that, as far as the officers were con-
cerned, the meals, both in quality and quantity, were quite up
to the average of those they had in their own homes. Of course,
men accustomed to Delmonico's for daily meals were disappointed
with what they found on the ship. These were the growlers.
They always are. They are spotted before they speak.
Services were held on board ship on Sunday, June 12th, at
the early hour of 7.30, the only hour that could be found con-
200 Annual Report of the
venient with other appointments. A goodly number attended the
service; hymns were heartily sung and a sermon preached, in
continuation of that of the Sunday before on the parable of
the Prodigal Son. While we were in the bay mails were sent and
received daily, the last mail leaving the " Vigilancia " on Wednes-
day evening at 5.30, when the fleet duly formed off Quarantine
Station at the entrance of Tampa Bay and started upon its
mission to Cuba. The daily military routine was observed aboard
ship from the beginning, including inspection and drill in the
manual of arms. On Monday, the 13th of June, the Chaplain
baptised Private Alexander Jeanisson, of Company G, in the
presence of his Captain and a member of his company. The
weather for three days was continuously beautiful, everything
that could be desired for a pleasant voyage. The course of sail-
ing was southward in the Gulf of Mexico and through Kebecca
Channel, along Dry Tortugas, past Key West; thence south-
easterly along the northerly coast of Cuba, standing out about
twenty miles. Land was sighted on the morning of the 17th,
and during the day light-houses were seen, both starboard and
port, as we passed through the Great Bahama Channel. Gun-
boats kept a continual lookout, but nothing occurred to make the
journey especially eventful, at least until this time of writing,
4.15 p. m., when we have caught up in our itinerary with the
progress of events. Hereafter, so far as is possible, we shall
record each day's events, writing a real itinerary, and not, as
in the nature of things this must have been, a partial history.
What a day will bring forth no one knows. Where we are going
is, even at this moment, a mystery; whether Santiago or Porto
Rico to-morrow will determine.
State Historiam. 201
Any old traveler knows that days at sea are much alike; and,
though this was an expedition to a foreign country for purpi.ises
of invasion and war, the experience on board ship after the first
trials and hardening processes had been endured was much like
that of an ordinary sea voyage. Days were considerably alike.
The weather was happily disappointing, since we had heard so
much of the rainy season having begun, and, with the exception
of one or two showers, and these at night-time, we enjoyed, day
after day, blue skies, comparatively smooth sea and everything,
excepting the food, to make everyone happy. With every desire
to make the best of everything, having intimated that at the
start there was no occasion for grumbling — the truth compels
us to state that the sameness of fare after the first week aboard
ship became both distasteful and discouraging. The experience
of the officers in the saloon was not unlike this. It grew worse
each day, and when finally everything, for some unknown reason,
became tinctured with coal-oil, it was nauseating. Notwith-
standing all this, to the credit of the regiment it may be said
that all made the best of what confessedly was a poor predica-
ment. Though any comparison with the lot of men in other
ships was favorable to ours, tedious delays, day after day, when,
for hours, for no apparent reason, the ships' propellers would
cease to revolve and the entire fleet would lay idle, floating on
a listless sea, became most distressing. Each morning, as we
would rise, we were doomed to disappointment to learn that we
had sailed but a few knots in the night, and the days of waiting
or slow sailing were still before us. If only we could learn not
to think and add to this a little ingredient of not to care, our
mental condition would be that of a perfect soldier. But
202 Annual Eeport of the
»
Seventy-first men are not regulars; and not to think nor guess,
but simply rest satisfied with conditions, whatever they may
be, caring nothing for results, is a, state of mental inertia not
easily attained by the thoughtful young men who make their
living in New York.
When the voyage is over and we forget its disquietudes we
will happily recur to events as principal that are now regarded
as mere incidents. Who, indeed, can ever forget the ultra-
marine of the southern seas, bluer than sapphire as far as the
eye could reach, or the gorgeous colors of the spectrum seen all
over the western sky, as daily the sun seemed to sink into the
sea, or the mock sun that seemed to rise immediately after, occa-
sioned by refraction through the attenuated layers of atmosphere
resting on the horizon. Tedious as the voyage seemed as a whole
there was scarcely an hour without its diversion, not a time of
day or night when nature was not exhausting its beauties for
our constant entertainment.
Anticipating the possibilities of landing by small boats, the
Colonel arranged that daily while the regiment was waiting
for the fleet to sail from Tampa Bay every company was drilled
in boarding, manning and rowing the small boats of the ship;
in this way in less than a week giving to every man some experi-
ence with small craft, and making of most of them sufficiently
skilled oarsmen to insure safety in event of being obliged to use
them. Colonel Downs, with characteristic foresight, also ordered
the companies, during this period of waiting in Tampa Bay, to
row to the shore, there disembark, wade to the beach and so
further perfect themselves in the art of landing on a beach
with a keel boat that cannot be itself beached until emptied of
its cargo. Unfortunately some of the companies exceeding orders
State Historian. 203
foolishly stripped and bathed while their clothes were drying,
and paid a heavy penalty for their thoughtlessness by suffering
for several days with excessive sunburn that, in some instances,
skinned them to the waist.
During all the voyage inspection was held every day, when
company after company would form on the side promenade
decks, and on several mornings the offlcers and men, with belts,
but not arms, were made to march in quick-step around the
ship's decks suiBcient times to make the exercise liberal and per-
sonally profitable. No commanding officer could have given more
constant care and personal attention to the interests of his
men than did Colonel Downs, who, not until retreat was sounded^
ever allowed himself on any day to sit down and enjoy that
luxury of rest which most of the other oflScers, not to their dis-
credit, but much to their comfort, luxuriantly indulged. If
fault is at all to be found with our new Colonel, it must be
against his failing to detail work to other ofScers, all of whom
were ever willing, but seldom able, to assist him. The most
minor detail of military duty and personal care of every man
in the regiment seemed to be to Colonel Downs a matter of
personal concern. To this we are confident that the men owe
more than they ever will comprehend, more than they ever can
express.
But, do one's best, there are inevitable hardships, especially
to enlisted men, in transporting troops across the seas. It
does seem hard to deny any one who is thirsty a glass of ice-
water; and yet to prevent a thousand men running to one little
tank in the saloon, the only one providing ice- water in the ship,
a guard has to be placed at the door preventing intruders from
approaching. It also seems hard that enlisted men cannot have
204 Annual Report of the
the privileges of the saloon of the ship and must sleep in their
bunks in the hold or along the open decks, while colored ser-
vants of officers run back and forth, and, despite orders to
the contrary, will, when oflScers are asleep, rest on the settees.
It has been somewhat distressing also to know that while our
enlisted men are confined to their plain Government rations, the
colored servants eat the same things that are served to the oflS-
cers, but, presumably, these things cannot be helped, if discipline
is to be observed. The only boat thus far seen, not of our fleet,
was a little Norwegian craft bound for New Orleans that passed
us in the Great Bahama Channel. We presume that the small
number of ships seen is due to commerce being injuriously
affected by the present war. From time to ti^ie during the
voyage classes of instruction for non-commissioned oflScers were
held and everything done that could assist in the proper prepara-
tion for anticipated contests.
Sunday, the 19th of June, was a perfect day at sea, trade-
winds blowing steadily, cooling the temperature, the sea suflB-
ciently rough to give life to sailing, but not causing much dis-
comfiture. Some, however, succumbed to mal-de-mer, and a con-
siderable number lay about the decks looking disconsolate.
Inspection drills and marching about the decks took place as
usual at an early hour, policing was carefully attended to
throughout the ship and everything soon settled down for the
pleasantest and most interesting day of the voyage. Shortly
before noon Great Inagua Island was sighted to the northward,
and two boats, the " Olivette " and the " Helena," changed
course, turned aside from the fleet and made for the coast. They
were not seen again until Monday morning. The object of their
putting into this island is yet unknown to us. Were it not that
State Historian. 205
it is known that there is no cable commxmication to be found
there, we might think that it was for the purpose of sending
or receiving news. As it is, guesses are numerous and knowl-
edge scarce.
Divine service was held in the saloon at 1 p. m., the hour
decided upon by the Colonel as most convenient for all con-
cerned, and, though at this time the sea was fairly rough and
the motion considerable, a goodly number of oflScers and men
attended. Statistics of the religious predilections and other im-
portant information concerning the regiment have been obtained
during this voyage by order of the Colonel, which, as soon as
they are tabulated, will be copied in this book for permanent
record. Anticipating conclusions drawn from such, we would
say that fully two hundred and fifty (250) of the regiment are
Roman Catholics, Protestants of every name and kind are fully
represented, and, as will always happen where a large number
of young men are hastily recruited for war, there are many who
give to religion little or no concern. Again, though the number
may be small, there are those whose lives are such that they
become antagonistic to religion of any kind, and may even, with-
out any reason, resent the intrusion of an officer whose function
it is to preach and to minister to their spiritual needs. Consider-
ing these things, attendance upon Divine service, held always
at an hour when some who would like to attend cannot because
detailed to other duties, has been excellent and satisfactory.
After the service of morning prayer, which was heartily rendered,
the Chaplain preached a sermon from Psalms LXXIII, 15, at the
conclusion of which he cordially invited all baptised Christians
who were duly prepared to receive the Sacrament of the Lord's
Supper, which at once followed. There were seventy-six who
206 Annual Ebpokt of the
remained to receive, a most gratifying number, highly encourag-
ing to one who, not without difQculties and discouragements, is
in the command solely to do good.
The rest of the day passed uneventfully, but very pleasantly,
the Hospital being visited by the Chaplain later in the day,
hymns sung in the after-deck i,n the early hours of the evening.
Though the voyage has been long and tedious and delays fre-
quent and vexatious, the men are standing the strain very well,
and, considering causes for reasonable complaint, are behaving
very creditably. On Saturday evening the enlisted men from the
several companies entertained the officers and others with a very
creditable entertainment, the same men who managed a similar
concert in the Lakeland camp superintending this. Private Harry
Johnson and Corporal Myer, of Company F. The following was
the program:
Monologue Private William Murtagh, Company B,
Song Selections Private Jack Shaw, Company F,
Song Private William Eoby, Company O.
Recitation Private G. Ferguson, Company E.
" Eag Time Jimmy " Private J. Canning, Company I.
Songs and Stories Private Tony Ess, Company H.
On the morning of the 20th the highlands off the southern coast
of Cuba were plainly visible, the fleet having passed through the
Windward Passage during the night. It was found at 8 a. m.
that we were off the Port of Guantanamo, where it was supposed
we should land, but soon orders came to proceed on our course
towards Santiago. All began to prepare to disembark after
inspection, there being no further drills during the day.
About 9 a. m. the fleet came to a halt about twelve miles off
the entrance to Santiago, when the " Seguranca," on which waa
State Historian. 207
General Shafter and his staff, was seen to put in to the shore.
The fleet lay oflE the port, evidently awaiting orders. The steam-
ship " Olivette," headquarters for newspaper correspondents,
steamed alongside the " Vigilancia," as did also several small
tugs, discovered to be despatch boats for the Sun, Journal and
Associated Press. Fortunately we were able to signal to them
that the Seventy-first were in good condition, and, with few
exceptions, none serious, all well. We were somewhat dis-
appointed that none of these despatch boats came to us for
further information, but gratified that they movgd away in the
the direction of Jamaica, about 120 miles to the southwest, and
that, perhaps, an evening edition of that day and certainly a
morning edition of the morrow would give to our friends at home
the news of our reaching Santiago and the excellent physical
condition of the regiment. The fleet lay idly drifting about all
day long. Towards evening orders were received for the fleet
to move out from the shore, which it did some twelve or fifteen
miles to the southward, where it remained over night. Travel
rations are becoming exhausted. Up to this time the ship has
been using its own stores, supplying food for the oflScers at the
rate of one dollar each per day — a sum, considering that the
quality of the food has been deteriorating from the start, re-
garded by all as extortionate. What will be done if we are to
remain on board much longer is a subject of deep concern to the
Colonel and Commissary and of much speculation by all.
The beautiful sunset brought the day to an end, and the brief
hours of twilight were spent in listening to an excellent concert
by our Drum Corps and Buglers, who, with their limited re-
sources, having improved daily during the campaign, now play
very creditably. All retired at an early hour, having prepared
208 Annual Report of the
to leave the ship during the day and somewhat limited, therefore,
in provision for proper retirement and sleep. On awaking in
the morning requests were numerous for combs, brushes and
other needed articles which had been safely packed away the
previous day. The fleet was found relatively in the same posi-
tion as when lights were put out, except that the " Seguranca "
had returned. Rumors, at all times frequent, began to multiply.
Everybody had a theory of what would take place. Nothing
actually did take place. If the propeller turned a few times
to enable the ship to hold its relative place in the fleet, there
were those, who, speaking with quasi-authority, would claim that
we were starting for Porto Rico. If the boat happened for a
second to point in the other direction, these same prophets an-
nounced that we were going to Jamaica. When we did not
move at all, they said wait and see. We did wait, but we did
not see. Surgeon Bell was as prolific with his rumors as with
his pills, but not as efiScient. No word came to us from shore.
Nothing was signaled from headquarters. Removed but a few
miles from Santiago, we lay drifting all day long, the usual
routine of inspection, march about the decks and guard duty
being observed. There is not a man on board that would not
prefer to land and face the uncertainties of a campaign in a
strange and foreign country to this listless drifting in the open
sea. Considering that over a thousand men had been aboard
over two weeks and in this time have journeyed but a thousand
miles, now, having reached our destination, our lying about day
after day awaiting orders to land, the physical health and gen-
eral condition of the regiment are remarkably good; but three
men are in bed in the Hospital, one of these has a cut in his
foot, the others suflfering slightly from diarrhoea. This is due
State Historian. 209
to the constant care and excellent attention of the Surgeons,
also to the simple fare of travel rations, which, however much
disliked, cannot be unwholesome.
It poured in showers, both last night and this morning, and
rumor has it that we are likely to have such weather as this
daily until autumn. During the shower in the early afternoon
a fine water-spout was visible on the Santiago shore, and for a
brief half hour became the attraction and diversion of many.
Colonel Greene, when first appointing the Chaplain caterer
to the field and staff officers' mess, regarded the appointment
as temporary, to last until the regiment would get into the field.
The Chaplain himself soon discovered that the work was not
wholly congenial, involving business relations with the servants
and men which might interfere with the exercise of his personal
influence and oflBce. On boarding the steamer, arrangements
having been made for the ship to furnish food to the oflScers,
it happened several times that the Chaplain was requested to
convey orders from the commanding officer to the stewards and
cooks, which placed him in the position of seeming to be respon-
sible for all arrangements made, for feeding both oflBcers and
men. This quickly giving rise to mistaken ideas, the Chaplain
suggested to the Colonel the impropriety of a clergyman holding
such a position and executing such a detail, and at his own re-
quest Colonel Downs at once relieved him, Lieutenant-Colonel
Smith succeeding him as caterer to the ofiicers' mess. This is
as it should be. A business man does a business man's work,
and the Chaplain's time is given to the preparation of the regi-
mental history, writing of a large correspondence in connection
with his oflSce in the regiment and such other suitable work to
which the commanding officer may assign him.
14
210 Annual Report of the
A member of the regiment, having thoughtlessly sent a com-
munication to the Herald stating that we had insufScient food,
was the occasion of a man in the city, conspicuous as a veteran
of a regiment which had refused to enlist at the President's call,
sending a check for fifty dollars (?50) to the Chaplain, with
explicit directions " to feed the starving men of the Seventy-
first." In this same copy of the Herald that stated the men
were starving in the Seventy -first we read, with some sense of
shame, a telegram from Colonel Duffy stating that no one was
starving or grumbling in the Sixty-ninth; that all were satisfied
with what the Government was doing for them and were ready
to go and fight for their country. Influenced by the considera-
tion that even in an open market, away from the extortions of
the villains aboard ship, fifty dollars applied to feeding a regi-
ment of a thousand men would give each man an allowance of
five cents, indignant that anybody should whine to the news-
papers that men of the Seventy-first were starving, above all
unwilling that any stay-at-home soldiers should have credit for
feeding those whose patriotism had presumbaly lead them to
leave home, and, if necessary, do some starving, the Chaplain
at once indorsed this check to the man who sent it and returned
it to him with thanks. For this act he was publicly commended
by the Colonel, who remarked that he had done exactly right.
The story of the fleet lying idle ofC shore where fleld glasses
plainly descry Commodore Sampson's fleet and the partially
demolished Morro at the entrance to the harbor is much the
same from day to day. Lieutenant-Colonel Smith has, on various
occasions, given most interesting and profitable instructions of
greatest value to non-commissioned officers. Overhearing a por-
tion of one of these instructions has suggested to us a fleld of
State Historian. 211
great influence, not only for lieutenant-colonels in general, but
for ours in particular, who seems unusually qualified for such
service. Captains have from time to time instructed their offi-
cers in possible complications of the field and how to master
them; the time of voyaging has thus been utilized to its fullest
extent for the benefit of the command.
While the regiment was aboard the transport ship " Seneca ""
in New York Bay Private Dattwyler, Company F, went ashore
without leave on a lighter, as was subsequently learned from him
to see his dying sister, not one word of which was liiscovered to-
be true, his mission really being to see some living sister in
Hoboken. A week later his father reported to the commanding
officer at Camp Black, near Hempstead, that his son was ready
to report again for duty. General Eoe commanded him to be
placed under charge of Colonel Hardin, of the Second Provisional
Regiment, New York Volunteers, who would take him south
when his regiment went to Chickamauga, and when convenient
transfer him to the authorities of the Seventy-first. He, accord-
ingly, turned up at Tampa Heights, having been sent there from
Chickamauga, was court martialed, tried and sentenced to a
fine of thirty days' pay and ten days' imprisonment. The best
of regiments will have some bad and some indifferent men in it.
The Seventy-first claims to be among the best, and its own
record, together with the popular estimation of it, tend to con-
firm the claim. It does not however, pretend that all its men
are what they ought to be, even to make them average good
men, say nothing of good soldiers. Living under the constrained
condition of ship revealed the existence among us of those, not
many, to be sure, but some who did not know the difference
between " meum " and " twwm/' or, knowing, were not above de-
212 Annual Eepoet of the
meaning themselves as professional crooks. Articles were miss-
ing from the soldiers' bimks which could not have been taken by
others than soldiers — money and other valuables purloined from
oflBcers' rooms which may have been taken by colored servants,
all too many of which quickly and without suificient care engaged
at Port Tampa. So anxious were these ne'er-do-wells to go to
Cuba that several stowaways were subsequently discovered and
returned to their homes before the fleet sailed.*
At 5 o'clock Thursday, June 23rd, the " Seguranca " steamed
alongside the "Vigilancia" and General Shafter, commanding
Fifth Army Corps, standing upon the bridge, summoned Colonel
Downs, ordering him to begin unloading his men at once, to work
all night, each man to take one hundred rounds of ammunition
and rations for three days.
The great applause of the men. anxious to get on shore, almost
prevented the orders being heard.
Siboney is a small village, lying directly on the coast back of
an abrupt sandy beach, about sixteen miles east of Santiago.
Some other troops had previously been disembarked at Baiquiri
which was made a principal base of supplies; both of these
places had previously been bombarded by the naval vessels,
preparatory to the landing of troops. A feint was made to land
troops at Aquadores, which was also bombarded, the attempt
here being made to deceive the Spaniards as to the real place
If! Ota Bene:*
I. Nothing was written in this book until August twelfth, aboard the
S. S. " La Grande Duchesse," records meanwhile having been kept upon
scraps of paper in pencil both by the Chaplain and Private French, his
amanuensis, while in Cuba, and separated from all books, tables and
facilities for permanent writing of records.
II. Private French of Company " P," being seriously ill with yellow
fever, Captain Eaflerty of this company appointed Private Booth to
assist as amanuensis.
State Historian. 213
of landing; this attempt proved entirely successful, as all the
troops were landed ;y^ithout any opposition from the enemy.
Preparations began at once, and by 7 o'clock all was bustle
on board the " Vigilancia."
Little knew we to what we were going or how much we should
experience before again we should see the luggage which we
left on shore.
The work of landing and loading the troops continued all
night; not until four o'clock in the morning were the last of them
on shore. •
The large yawls and steam launches of the war ships would
draw alongside the companionways, down which men went singly
in heaviest marching order, and stood in the yawls until suflfl-
ciently near to the shore to jump from the bow into the surf
and make for dry laud ; the shore at this point was a very abrupt
beach, the surf ran high and the undertow was severe. The
wonder is that this whole army corps was thus landed with but
the loss of two men, members of a colored regiment, drowned in
the attempt to board the yawl.
It was early dawn of Friday, June 24th, when the Seventy-
first, now entirely landed, bivouacked on the Siboney beach and
at once breakfasted.
One saw stretching back from the beach a series of foothills,
terminating everywhere in lofty mountains; these were all
thickly wooded, rank wth luxuriant underbrush. The mountain
trails were poorly developed and could accommodate but one
foot passenger, not being room for two abreast in any place
along their tortuous windings.
Back of the little plain at Siboney and extending up the valley
was the only road to Santiago, a most miserable affair, abso-
214 Annual Report of the
lutely incapable of accommodating the ordinary country traflSc
and utterly inadequate to the needs of army transportation.
So bad was this road that after weeks of engineering opera-
tions troops at the front could not be fed because of the impos-
sibility of transporting commissary supplies.
At Siboney one found a visit to the little miserable reed huts
close by the shore very interesting. Notwithstanding the squalor
which one there witnessed, there was a picturesqueness about
the group of thatched huts in a grove of cocoanut palms which
made the scene long to be remembered.
There were instances of landing numerous and amusing.
Everybody expected to get his feet wet; some were surprised by
getting their whole bodies wet. The sight of Adjutant Abeel
sprawling on all fours and clambering through the slimy surf
was a theme for an artist. Especially humiliating was this to
the doughty Adjutant, when the corpulent Chaplain immediately
made a successful and dry landing, amid the surprise and ap-
plause of those on shore who witnessed the spectacle.
After breakfasting on the beach, where there were several
regiments of regulars, the men wandered about the little Cuban
hamlet and witnessed in the huts destitution and starvation, such
as absolutely beggars description. The fathers of these families
were Cuban insurgents, soldiers out in the mountains, doing
guerilla work under General Garcia.
For miles about the country houses had been burned, prop-
erty destroyed, homes desecrated and pillaged and all women and
children concentrated in town, like this at Siboney, were called
" Eeconcentrados," were miserably treated and nearly starved.
This was General Weyler's plan to exterminate the insurgent
spirit in Cuba, involving necessarily the extermination of the in-
surgents themselves.
State Historian. 215
Beyond this Siboney beach, to the west, at the base of the first
foothills and directly upon the bluff, coral coast, there was a
collection of houses, cheap and poorly built, in which had lived
the workmen on the railroad running from the mining camp at
Firmeza, some three miles distant in the mountains through
Siboney, and along the coast to Santiago; there were also here
a large engine house, with several lathes and other machinery
within its walls, adjoining which was another building of con-
siderable size uspd as an ofiRce, tool-house and railway station.
The Seventy:flrst pitched camp in the large engine house, the
Adjutant took the tool-house as his office, and the Colonel and
his stafi! and field oflScers established headquarters in the house
adjacent, where, until the time of bombardment, the Spanish
Colonel in charge of all forces at Siboney had resided.
Everywhere one could see at the summit of the hills the promi-
nent, . securely built and strongly fortified block-houses, which
had been used effectively in the war with the insurgents and were
destined to play such an important part in the subsequent engage-
ments with the American forces; our naval bombardment had
been so effectual that all the houses had been wholly deserted,
much stuff in them being left, and not a sign of a Spaniard was
visible.
Men of best judgment, liowever, were not mislead by the un-
opposed landing of our troops, even when they learned from the
remaining Cubans at Siboney that the Spanish Colonel had been
torn asunder in the midst by an exploded shell, and that all
Spanish troops had fled toward Santiago ; our oflScers still feared
and felt that they were not far distant in the mountains and
that they could and would soou be found.
These expectations were sadly and unfortunately realized, for
in a very few hours after landing the enemy fired upon our
216 Annual Kepoet of the
troops, and the first engagement of the United States army on
Cuban soil took place at Las Guasimas.
There had been a battle a few days previously at Guantanamo
when some marines from one of our war vessels landed and had
a successful scrimmage with some Spaniards, not escaping with-
out some loss, though slight, in killed and wounded. But the
engagement of Las Guasimas was the first of the United States
army on the Island of Cuba.
Shortly after breakfast we saw ascending the mountain path,
to the west of Siboney beach, the First United States Volunteer
Cavalry, commonly and famously known as Eoosevelt's Rough
Riders, though Colonel Wood commanded them, and, like all
cavalry troops in this campaign, the riders were dismounted;
there was no place for horses in a country like this. These Roose-
velt Rough Riders were Wood's Rough Walkers, and, as was sub-
sequently learned, walked right into a body of Spanish troops
thicketed in the jungle some four miles along the trail toward
Sevilla. Orders came to us about 9 o'clock for the Seventy-first
Regiment at once to proceed along the trail where had gone
the First United States Cavalry and reinforce them, our troops
having encountered the enemy, met with heavy losses and been
repulsed. When we learned the real truth of the rumor all but
the repulse proved to be so. The Seventy-first got under way in
a few moments. Every man in it was ready for any duty he
might confront. We had gone but a little way, when returning
wounded men confirmed our fears of a stern battle, and made
us fearful that victory would not be ours. General Hawkins*
• *Haimlton Smith Hawkins. Born in South Carolina. Appointed from New York. Cadet,
United States Military Academy, July 1, 18.52, to .January 31, 1855; second lieutenant 6th
infantry April 26, 1861 ; first lieutenant May 14, 1861 ; rejiimental quartermaster December
25, 1861, to September 20, 186.3; captain September 20, 1863; major 10th infantry October 31,
1883; lieutenant-colonel 23d infantry February 17, 1889; commandant of cadets. United States
military academy, 1888-1892; colonel Iflth infantry August 13, 1894; transferred to 20th
infantry September 15. 1894: brigadier-general volunteers May 4, 1898; major-general vol-
unteers November .TO, 1898; brigadier-general United States army September 28, 1898; retired
October 4, 1898. — State HiSToni.vN.
State Histobian. 217
ordered the Seventy-first to precede the First Regiment of the
brigade, and followed himself with the Sixth and Sixteenth
Infantry, Regulars. On went the Seventy-first Regiment over
rocks and through thorns and past cacti and struggling in thick
underbrush for some four miles, when just beyond a block-house
that had been depopulated, in which Captain Heindsmann, of
Company C, having been affected by the sun, took temporary
shelter, word came for the regiment to halt and await further
orders. These came in about half an hour, much to the dis-
appointment of our men, directing the brigade to return in route
step to Siboney, which it at once proceeded to do.
Ui» to this time no horses bad been put ashore. Had they
been landed, they could not have been used in this march. No
horse could have gone along that trail. All oflBcers made the
hot and weary march, the Chaplain, much to his own gratifica-
tion and the surprise of some thin ones who dropped by the way,
having successfully finished the journey. Along in the afternoon
wounded men were brought in, filling several of the houses along
the shore, which were hastily turned into use for hospitals, and
further particulars of the Las Guasimas battle were learned.
It seemed that Brigadier-General Young's Second Brigade of
Cavalry had gone up the valley road with instructions to sur-
round the enemy, if possible, and prevent their retreat into Santi-
ago. The First United States Cavalry was directed to proceed
along the mountain trail to the southward with a similar object
in view. As these latter proceeded along the path and through
thick bushes, quite unmindful of the nearness of the enemy, they
received a volley of shots, which at once proved destructive and
demoralizing. The Spanish using smokeless powder, it was not
possible to discover their position. Volley after volley came
218 Annual Kbport op the
into the ranks of the First Cavalry, and simultaneously, as I
have heard, though of this there is lacking information, the
Spanish engaged General Young's Cavalry Brigade along the
valley road to the northward of Las Guasimas, between Siboney
and Sevilla. Our troops fought bravely and well.* Hamilton
Fish, Jr., of New York, Sergeant of Company K, was killed
instantly among the first. Captain Allyn Capron* also lost his
life in this battle. The Adjutant of Eoosevelt's Rough Eiders
ran back to the rear and reported that Colonel Wood was dead.
This proved to be false. It is commonly believed that this Adju-
tant lost his head on this occasion. There were some twenty
killed and seventy wounded in this engagement. All night long
the Surgeons worked over the wounded, our own Major Bell
rendering most valuable assistance until by early dawn all had
been transferred to the steamer " Olivette," where they were
comfortable and received every ministration needed for their cure.
On Saturday Lieutenant-Colonel Smith was detailed to board
the " Vigilancia " and get our horses on shore. The whole day
was spent at the work. The captain of the " Vigilancia," an
old man and over-cautious, was timid about taking his boat near
enough to shore for the horses to swim there. Another transport
having jammed into his port bow made him more cautious. At
last Captain Goodrich, United States Navy, commanding the
"Harvard" (formerly "New York," of the American Line), who
had full charge of all the transportation of troops and stores,
came on board, proceeded to the bridge, and with masterly skill
ft
brought the ship, though a good sized vessel, very close to the
*A.llyn Kissam Capron. Bom in New York. Appointed from the arniy. Private, cor-
poral and sergeant troop B, 4th cavalry, October 20, 1890, to November 3, 1893; second lieu-
tenant Sth infantry October 7, 1893; transferred to 7th cavalry November 30, 1894; captain
1st United States volunteer cavalry (Rounh Riders) May 10, 1898; killed Juno 24, 1898, in
battle of Ijas Guasimas, Cuba, aged 27 years. — State Histobiak.
State Historian. 219
windward shore, and at last, turning her bow seaward, anchored
her about one-fourth of a mile from the Siboney coast. Each of
the eleven horses was then swung in a sling and dropped by
derrick alongside the ship, when men in a yawl led it by a halter,
only letting it go when near enough to shore to feel sure that the
horse would at once make for it. In this way all were landed
without accident. It was then discovered that several had
developed very sore backs during the sixteen days that they had
been in the hold of the vessel, and that, though there were hostlers
enough to do it, they had not taken good care of their charges.
Sunday, the 26th, was a very busy day, so many details from
our regiment being required for brigade and division duty, even
whole companies having been sent to bring from the boats to the
shore and thence to the different commands additional ammuni-
tion, needed commissary stores and other things evidently being
got together for an early contemplated attack upon the enemy.
We sent Sergeant Howe, of Company E, a locomotive engineer,
to make alive a dead engine, which the Spanish had sought to
destroy, and which was afterward extensively used for trans-
ferring both troops and luggage into Santiago, also yellow fever
patients to their excluded station in Firmeza. Of professional
men, or men with any unusual ability, the enlisted soldiers of the
regular army numbered very few, but the Seventy-first Regiment
had plenty. Statistics on this subject, a copy of which Adjutant
Abeel has promised to supply for this history, show how diversi-
fied is the talent, how well represented are the various profes-
sions and how completely equipped with everything necessary
for the various vocations of life is the Seventy-first of New York.
Unfortunately, in a spirit of reasonable pride, but without con-
sidering the consequences, our Colonel Downs made this known
220 Annual Report of the
to Division and Brigade Headquarters, whereupon details for
men for every purpose under lieaven began to pour in from
General Hawkins and Kent* until it became intolerable and
seemed somewhat like an imposition.
This continued until the end of the campaign; clerks, stenog-
raphers, physicians, interpreters, druggists, etc., etc., were to
be found in every command of the corps with the uniform of the
Seventy-first. Dismissing all consideration of proper remunera-
tion for professional work, to take a man who enlisted to become
a soldier, and take advantage of his brains to deprive him of the
experience he sought, is injustice to the man and a violation
of the spirit of the contract made with the Government.
General Wheeler, in charge of the Cavalry Division, had rallied
his troops along the left and taken encampments just beyond
Sevilla, where from the tops of the hills one could plainly see
Santiago at the left, nearest the coast, and back of it, about four
miles to the northeast, the little, well-fortifled town of El Caney.
The Sunday services of June 26th were exceedingly interesting
and deserve brief mention. They proved the last that could be
held with the assembled regiment for three weeks. It was found
at an early hour, due to many details required of our regiment
and active preparation that had to be made for our early march
the following morning, ordered to begin at 3.30 a. m., impossible
for the Colonel to name any definite hour for a service. Later it
>' ♦Jacob Ford Kent. Born in Pennsylvania. .Appointed from Pennsylvania to the United
States Military Academy July 1, 18ri6 (tm-aduated No. 31); second lieutenant Hd infantry May
fif 1861; first- lieutenant July 31. 1861; lieutenant-colonel, assistant inspector-general, assigned
January 1, 1863, to August 31, 1865; captain 3d infantry January 8, 1864; major ■1th infantry
July 1, 1885; lieutenant-colonel 18th infantry, January 15, 1891; colonel 24th infantry April
25, 1895; brigadier-general volunteers May 4, 1898; major-general volunteers July 8, 1898;
honorably discharged from volunteers November 30, 1S98; brigadier-general United States
army October 4, 189S; brevet-major May 3, 1863, for gallant and meritorioua services in the
battle of Marye's Heights, Virginia; lieutenant-cnlunel May 12, 1864, for gallant and merito-
rious services in the battle of Spottsylvaria, Virginia, and colonel volunteers October 19,
1864, for faithful and meritorious services in the field during the campaign before Richmond,
Virginia; retired October IS. 1898. — State Histohia.n.
State Historian. 221
was decided that 2 p. m. might prove convenient for the boys
to assemble on the floor of the engine house, where they were
encamped, but as late as 1.45 the whole First Battalion was
ordered to report to Division Headquarters, and several com-
panies of other battalions were also depleted by special assign-
ments to work. Somewhat discouraged in the attempt appro-
priately to observe the day and anxious to have a talk with the
boys before they went into battle, which all knew they were sure
to do before the close of the week. Chaplain Van Dewater went
over to the round-house to inform the boys that the service would
have to be postponed until night. He started to sing a familiar
hymn, " Nearer My God to Thee," the better to secure attention,
when so many at once gathered about him that he went right
on, held a service, made a brief address and then announced that
another service would be held later in the evening. At 7 o'clock
such a service was held, and it is not too much to say that few
like it ever were attended. It was too dark to read. Hundreds
of our own men stood about und«r the roof of the building,
with open sides, while all about and beyond were gathered regu-
lars of every command and rank, all reverently attentive and
evidently deeply interested. Chaplain Van Dewater had the
Episcopal service of evening prayer, depending upon his memory
for the rendering, even saying a psalm and reciting a lesson
from Holy Scripture. Such hymns as " Jesus, Lover," " Just As
I Am " and " I Need Thee Every Hour '■' were sung with a hearti-
ness that told of an intense earnestness. Sobs were heard dur-
ing the prayer. Sobs, not of weak men nor cowards, but reverent
men who afterward proved the bravest at the front and under the
trying stress of shot and shell. These were men, some of them
who fell before the week was ended, many of them whose bodies
222 Annual Eepokt of the
now lie buried in Cuban soil, or are maimed forever, who believed
in God, valued life, had no fear of danger, but who would not
foolishly court destruction. They were our bravest men, who
■did their whole duty and had nothing to say derogatory of others
who tried to do theirs. The Chaplain preached upon the text
"How Shall We Escape if We Neglact so Great a Salvation?"
Whatever others may have thought or may think, that service
and sermon were to him the most memorable of his life, and
there are many reasons to make him think that it was also the
most fruitful. There were wounded men who spoke of the im-
pressions received that night when they were in the thickest of
the fight, and one man, interviewed by a Sun reporter after his
return to New York, kindly made reference to the helpfulness
of this service in the round-house on the Sunday night preceding
the battle.
These are the compensations a chaplain has for much work
that seems fruitless and some sacrifices that go unappreciated.
Record is here made of this incident solely for the encouragement
of chaplains in the army, whose lives necessarily must be lonely,
whose sorrows are keen because they lack sympathy, and whose
work is of such a kind that the average officer or soldier thinks
it abstract, perhaps ornamental, certainly not needful. Early
in the morning of the 27th of June we started upon our march.
No transportation of any kind was provided for our regiment,
since we were ordered to take with us 200 rounds of ammunition,
and no man could carry more than 100 of Springfield cartridges ;
all of the officers' horses had to be turned in for pack mules, axe
handles, found fortunately in the round-house, being ingeniously
utilized by "Boss," our chief hostler, and officers had to walk.
The march was made easily, frequent stops being ordered for rest,
State Historian. 223
the Seventy-first marching behind the Sixteenth and the Sixth,
and by General Hawkins' orders turning to the right at a place
called Sevilla, about five miles from Siboney, pitched camp where
a company of Cubans had been previously. Along the route
there were many evidences of the recent Las Guasimas
engagement.
Bullets were found everywhere, some of the Spanish ones of
brass, though brass bullets are definitely regarded as out of the
pale of civilized warfare. Just outside of the little graveyard
along the road were newly made graves in which Vere interred
two Corporals and several privates of the Tenth Cavalry, their
names being neatly cut on boards placed at the head of the
mounds. Subsequently the gathering of many vultures indicated
the presence of dead in secluded places in the woods. Near the
road was seen the body of a Spanish soldier so scarcely interred
that parts of his body were visible. Evidence confirmed the con-
viction that the Las Guasimas engagement had been a bloody one.
The camp was a most picturesque little plain, backed by lofty
mountains, at the highest peak of which was seen a Spanish
block-house; a glass clearly revealed several Spaniards walking
about. About five hundred yards from the camp was found a
running stream of pure mountain water, descent to which by a
narrow path was easy. Not so much can be said for the return
journey.
Before night came on the Second Battalion was detailed to
encamp on the other side of the road at the top of a hill about
one mile distant, from the summit of which one could easily see
Santiago, some ten miles distant. Major Wells reported next
morning that they had had a stormy night of it on the hill, that
bullets were occasionally whizzing about and that men on picket
224 Annual Eepoet of the
duty found frequent occasion for firing. That every refusal to
answer a sentry's challenge came from a Spaniard was very
doubtful. Neither a land crab nor a mule can answer a challenge.
The former were plentiful in this vicinity and particularly lively
at night-time, and a loose white mule was in evidence at day-
light. Near this battalion camp Avere found trenches where were
buried Spanish wounded who had evidently died returning to
Santiago from the field of Las Guasimas. The regimental camp
was very orderly and quiet until 3 a. m. when a shot was heard,
immediately followed by No. 16 sentry calling for Corporal of the
Guard. In a moment every man was awake and most of them
out of their shelter tents and on their feet. Investigation proved
that No. 17, hearing a noise like footsteps in the bushes, most
likely a land crab, challenged, and, receiving no reply, fired his
rifle; at once No. 16 cried for the Corporal of the Guard. Much
may be said by way of explanation, if not excuse, for a man
who in an enemy's country, on sentry duty in the hours of the
night, hearing unusual noises in the thick woods, will, when his
challenge goes unanswered, shoot his gun. It was not wholly
unfortunate that this occurred, for it gave the Colonel oppor-
tunity to issue orders that under similar circumstances everyone
would remain quietly sleeping where he was until assembly
sounded.
Nothing occurred the following day worthy of mention until
afternoon, when a terrific thunder storm, lasting an hour, com-
pletely deluged everything and everybody not wholly sheltered.
For some reason or other, comprehended by nobody, our men were
all supplied with shelter tents while officers had not any. It is
perfectly intelligible, however, under these circumstances that
most of the men kept dry while the officers were drenched.
State Historian. 225
As the day went on delay in moving to the front became irli-
some ; there was every reason for speedy action ; the rainy season
had begun, fever that always accomparies it would soon attack
our troops, the Spaniards had already retreated to their entrench-
ments before El Caney and Santiago. But we could do no
effective work without artillery. All our guns were at Baiquiri;
condition of the roads made their transit almost impossible.
Sixteen guns passed here in the morning of Thursday, but they
were all light ones, our heavy siege guns never really reaching
the front. At 2 p. m., the usual hour for the daily storm, there
came a terrific shower, drenching everything. The rain is be-
ginning to be our most dreaded enemy ; with lightest apparel and
little of it, no tents whatever for officers and only shelter ones
for men, daily soaking is a trying ordeal. At 8 o'clock on
Thursday morning General Garcia passed along the road at the
side of our camp with his staff, his army having advanced toward
Santiago in the night. , Such a wretched looking body of Cuban
looters one could scarcely imagine. Every experience with the
Cubans from the beginning to the end of this campaign justifies
us in thinking that whatever may be the intellectual status
or moral qualifications of the leaders, their followers are a mob,
composed mainly of illiterate, unkempt and unworthy men; they
are neither good citizens nor good fighters. It will take several
generations to lift them above the consequences of their recent
slave condition and render them fit for self-government.
Eumor had it that an attack was contemplated on El Caney
the following day, the engagement to begin promptly at 10
o'clock. The especial mission of the Cuban army was to inter-
cept reinforcements of 5,000 coming from the west to the aid of
the Spaniards at Santiago. We were fortunate in having at our
15
226 AxxuAL Eepout of the
camp at Sevilla several representatives of prominent newspapers
and journals of New York, who gave us information of a kind
which can only be obtained by this profession alone and whose
company was at all times delightful; among them may be
mentioned Mr. John C. Kline, of the Herald; Mr. Henry K.
Stegman, of the Tribune, and Mr. Henry L. Stoddard, of
the Mail and Express, each of whom at this time and sub-
sequently was helpful to the regiment. The health of the
regiment at this time was excellent, not one man sick; every-
one was doing his utmost to keep well and our efficient
Surgeons did their utmost to keep us so. The universal senti-
ment, without a single exception, was favorable to the Seventy-
first being at its best and doing its best. Quartermaster Stevens
went into Siboney with two horses to try to secure needed tents
or tarpaulins or something, but returned unable to accomplish his
mission. We certainly realized that we were then beginning to
feel the hardships of war. Word came early in the evening that
reveille would be sounded at 3.30 in the morning and that the
regiment would march toward Santiago, engaging the enemy in
battle. They all retired at an early hour, fully realizing the
seriousness of events immediately before us.
July 1st was the most eventful day of the whole Cuban cam-
paign; on i(. were fought the greatest battles of recent times.
Both at El Oaney and San Juan, for reasons that can easily be
named, there took place battles of a kind most unusual, with
results marvelously victorious for our forces. Reverent men
entered on this campaign believing in the righteousness of their
cause and that God would prosper it. Few came out of this
campaign, we venture to believe, without firm conviction that
had not God been on our side, the enemy would have swal-
State Historian. 227
lowed us. Santiago is a city with natural fortifications of
hills and mountains on every side; such entrenchments as the
Spaniards had made in the last five years, with such a block-
house system for spy and signal service, cannot be found in the
history of wars. After the action at Las Guasimas the Spanish
army had retired to their block-houses and entrenchments, mak-
ing a solid phalanx of troops of every arm of the service, extend-
ing from San Juan on the right toward the sea in an unbroken
line three miles to the left, and at this point occupying the
strongly garrisoned town of El Caney. The mountain road from
Sevilla to San Juan Hill, where the principal engagement took
place, was in no place wide enough for two wagons comfortably
to pass, frequently crossed streams without bridges and for most
of the entire distance ran through thickets of underbrush of
rankest growth, which would naturally have been almost impene-
trable, but which, strung all along with barb wire, coiled like a
spider's web, became absolutely impassable. After marching
three miles along the road our regiment was ordered to turn
into a thickly bushed field behind the Sixth, who had just arrived
before us. Field and staff dismounted and had a brief conver-
sation with General Hawkins and his staff, who had clustered
around beneath a large cocoanut palm. But a few moments
elapsed before orders were received to move on and the whole
brigade took up its march. Just before starting Lieutenant Ord,*
the eflScient Brigade Quartermaster, from whom our regiment
had received many favors, removed his undershirt, the better to
endure the heat of the day, which was fast becoming oppressive,
jokingly saying to the Chaplain of the Seventy-first: "Now I am
♦Jules Garesche Ord, son of Major-General Edward O. C. Ord. Bom in Michigan. Ap-
pointed from the Army. Private and quartermaster-sergeant 1st infantry August 16, 1887,
to November 9, 1890 ; second heutenant 18th infantry November 6, 1890 ; first lieutenant 6th
infantry August 7, 1897; killed July 1, 1898, at the battle of San Juan, Santiago, Cuba. —
State Histobian.
228 Annual Report of the
ready for whatever may come." He ,was among the very first
officers to be shot, dying on the field but a few hours later.
We had scarcely proceeded two miles, having crossed one
stream, where men had to wade in water more than ankle deep,
before the sound of light artillery was heard ahead, and occasion-
ally, as we could easily distinguish by the difference in sound,
there would be a return fire of the enemy. Before very long we
rounded a little turn in the road, just before reaching El Poso
Hill, where a light artillery battery had been stationed on the
site of an old sugar mill, and whose firing we had previously
heard. We subsequently learned that Eoosevelt's Rough Riders
had also been on this hill and had not escaped without several
losses in killed and wounded. The Spanish aim upon this gun
was so accurate that it had to be moved, but was not shifted
until very serious damage had been done.
Later, and further along the road, when the Rough Riders
and other cavalrymen passed by our brigade, we having been
ordered to rest, and our men cheered the popular Colonel Roose-
velt, now in command of the First Volunteer Cavalry, Colonel
Wood acting as Brigadier-General, vice Young disabled by ill-
ness since the Las Guasimas action, and Colonel Roosevelt said
almost pettishly, " Don't cheer, but fight, now's the time to
fight," we understood the relations between the recent El Poso
experience ■ and his impetuosity in hastening to confront the
enemy. Just as our regiment reached the stream at the foot
and the east of El Poso Hill there rushed back upon us a perfect
stampede* of Cubans with several men on litters, who had been
seriously wounded by shells aimed at the battery guns of El Poso
*The Chaplain of the Seventy-first, while the regiment came to a halt,
dismounted and had prayers -with one Cuban, shot in the head, and
fatally wounded, saying the Latin " In nomme patris," when the poor
fellow gasped and clasped his hand, showing warm appreciation.
Later, on the second, the Chaplain found his body at Division Hospital
and buried him.
State Historian. 229
and exploding over them in the road at its rear. One of the
Cuban officers who could speak broken English vociferously pro-
claimed against the injustice of sending Cuban troops before ours
to slay them.
Subsequent events may prove my mistake, but present opinion,
confirmed by all I saw in Cuba, is that Cubans are totally unfit
either to light for their liberties or to appreciate them when they
are secured. These people have been neglected and oppressed
so long, left uneducated and to run wild, so to speak, that now
they are mostly a band of guerillas, good, maybe, for bushwhack-
ing, but afraid as babies the moment there is danger and fighting
in the oijen. About a mile from the foot of El Poso, the road
meanwhile passing through two streams of considerable width
and about four inches deep, there is a thick gulch fully one-
half mile ahead surrounded by high banks of thickest under-
growth. After waiting for the cavalrj' troops to pass us at the
entrance of this gulch, which our soldiers subsequently named
" the Bloody Bend," our brigade resumed its march, the field
and staff of the Seventy-first Regiment mounted.
Scarcely had we taken up our march and entered the bend
when bullets and shell began to pour in thick and fast upon us,
not at any time demoralizing, but somewhat interfering with the
steady march forward. Human nature is the same the world
over. It is absurd either to speak of regulars as impervious to
fear or of volunteers as incapable of courage. The writer of this
history rode mounted for a full half mile where the shot and
shell were thickest and returned the same distance walking on
the same road and under the same conditions, and can testify that
men in every command naturally winced a bit, or, while march-
ing, might try to creep along the bushes at the side of the road.
230 Annual Report op the
but not in a single instance was there a company or a squad even
out of its place or behind in its pace moving forward.
Before and above us went a balloon under the direction of Cap-
tain George McC. Derby, Engineer Corps, U. S. A. What pur-
pose it ever served, except to indicate to the enemy the exact
location of our troops, nobody has ever discovered. At last, rid-
dled by shot, the old thing collapsed, and certainly nobody in the
Fifth Army Corps, outside of the Signal Corps and a few back at
headquarters, some four miles distant, regretted its destruction.
This firing along this road was peculiar and constitutes a
feature of the San Juan engagement. Everybody had to go
through it. Everyone, therefore, of the regiment who started out
from Sevilla that morning, including colored servants, must
have been under fire. Some remained under it longer than others,
but nobody was wholly beyond its danger. The Seventy-flrst as
a regiment was for at least one hour under continuous fire,
under the following conditions, which made the experience par-
ticularly distressing: The Spanish used smokeless powder. They
knew we must come by this one road. Their scouts and spies,
or, if not these, our balloon, told them just when. They put sharp-
shooters in the tall cocoanut palm trees along this portion of
the road. They fired from their block-houses and entrenchments
at the top of the hills, and besides volleys of musketry and single
bullets of the sharpshooters, there was frequently the bursting
of sliell over our heads and shrapnel flying in every direction.
Under these conditions one would think pandemonium would
have reigned. Nothing of the kind. There was a silence that was
ominous. Other than " ping," " ping," the noise of Mauser bul-
lets and the sound of hundreds of leaves pierced instantaneously,
a sound all its own, and the mournful " whirr," " whirr " of
State Historian. 231
passing shells, it was like a funeral march. We couldn't see anj
smoke. We couldn't tell where the enemy were. We were march-
ing into the jaws of death. Men fell dead and wounded on every
side. The marvel still is that so few were killed. One would
think that half a regiment under these conditions would have
been extinguished. It cannot be recalled by anyone there with-
out a thought of the marvelous mercy of God. Not a return shot
was fired. None was ordered. Nobody could tell where to shoot.
Occasionally we would hear the report of one of our light artillery
«
guns which would encourage us, but for all too long a time
we marched in columns of fours, under the trying conditions here
faithfully narrated.
Colonel Downs rode quiet and dignified at the head, followed
by his staff, all mounted, and then followed the three battalions
in regimental order, not a break occurring in the ranks, except
when some one Avould drop dead, as did Privates Skinner, of
Company B, and Scofield, of Company K; Corporals Immen, of
Company F, and Scheid, of Company C; or were wounded, as
were Lieutenant Trull, of Company K; Private Deutchberger,
of Company C, and many others whose names will be found in
the official list of the casualties of this engagement.
At last reaching a trail that turned into this road at the left,
on a little eminence by the turn stood General Kent, who said — -
the writer of this history distinctly heard the order — " Colonel
Downs, you will take your regiment along this trail and follow it
to the ford of the stream and there rest." The Colonel said :
" How far, General, is this ford from here ? " The General re-
plied: "I do not know." "Very well, sir," said Colonel Downs,
Vfho at once dismounted, ordered staff to do likewise, said to the
Chaplain, " Your place is with the Surgeons looking after sick
232 Annual Report of the
and wounded,'' then ordering his regiment to column left, he
boldly and bravely and confidently led them, shot and shell still
and for hours subsequently continuously pouring in upon them.
The regiment was led along this trail as far as it seemed pos-
sible to the coumnanding officer to take them without unneces-
sarily exposing them to a shower of bullets crossing an open
space in the road, and there was halted, waiting further orders.
Other regiments, either of infantry or of dismounted cavalry,
Iiaving received different orders than those given to our Colonel,
marched by our troops while halted, and some of them, with an
impertinence unsuited to gentlemen and disorder unbefitting
regulars who pride themselves upon being soldiers, cried out to
some of our troops " to go forward."
The Seventy-first Regiment oieyed its orders and was obeying
orders when, there it halted. As subsequently it proved that the
whole engagement was in no sense a general's battle; that the
original plan of an attack upon El Caney, with the troops on
the left under General Kent, held in reserve, was absolutely
changed by the turn of events, it might have been well for the
Colonel of the Seventy-first to have done what Captains and
Majors did, go forward without orders. There is no doubt about
it, much as was the success of this famous engagement of San
Juan due tO' regiments and battalions and even companies going
independently to the hill without orders from Brigade and
Division Commanders; had not success crowned these efforts, and
nothing succeeds like success, these very officers whose gallantry
we admire might have been court-martialed for acting independ-
ent of orders.
Colonel Downs waited for orders, and not receiving any pre-
ferred to wait rather than move a regiment forward without
State Historian. 233
orders. Any military man worthy the name cannot find fault
with a technical obedience of orders or a refusal to act without
them. It will be found by anyone who takes the trouble to make
the investigation that General Kent's order to Colonel Downs
was in strict accord with General Shatter's idea for General
Kent's division to be held in reserve, and that Colonel Downs'
strict obedience of his orders was carrying out the plan.
It was not the original plan of General Shaffer to take San
Juan Hill that day. Indeed, as late as 2 p. m. of the following
day lie was seriously considering the withdrawal of our troops
to the rear. The first intention was to enter Santiago by the
El Caney road. All this was subsequently modified to suit
changed conditions, rendered possible by the brilliant charge and
occupation of the San Juan Hill, which, be it remembered, was
done, not simultaneously, but successively, some troops going up
under regimental commanders, some as battalions, some even as
companies and even parts of companies.
Who were the first to get to the top of San Juan Hill, where
was the block-house, and where were the entrenchments from
which the Spaniards fled in retreat as soon as they saw our troops
advancing, it is not possible to say. When the regulars get
through their talk about it, and settle it, it may become known.
It really matters little. The honor lies either with the Thirteenth,
Sixth, Sixteenth or Tw^enty-fourth Infantry. But among these
troops to arrive first upon the hill, where the enemy had been
entrenched, were Company F or a part of it, led by Captain
Raflferty, who behaved in a quiet, dignified and gallant manner.
Company L, led by Captain Austin, who, when asked by some
superior officer at the top of the hill, " How did you come up
here all by yourself?" answered. " I came as an advance guard
234 Annual Kbport of the
of the Third Battalion, sir," thus ingeniously avoiding the charge
of bringing up his company without orders ; the Third Battalion,
mostly intact, led by Major Frank Keck, whose courage and
impetuosity nobody can ever doubt; Company M, led by Captain
Goldsborough, and Company I, led by Captain Meeks. >
There is no doubt whatever that during the day troops became
somewhat mixed. It was inevitable and due to the extraordinary
character of the engagement. When companies leave battalions
and battalions leave regiments and oflScers act independently of
the commands of their superiors confusion must result, though,
as in this instance, success having crowned their efforts, there
is nothing but praise for the courage that inspired them. Some
of our men went up with the regulars, some of the regulars went
up with us. That all got there is occasion for reverent congratu-
lation and thanksgiving, especially when it is remembered that
it was a game of haphazard from beginning to end.
It is difficult for the writer of this history at this time to give
a complete story of this engagement. Details of a fresh and im-
portant character are daily being revealed. It will take time to
sift from the reports things true and undeniable. With best
intentions now men in the engagement tell different stories of
it or the part they took in it. The official reports are reliable.
To these the Seventy-flrst Regiment refers with pride. Modest
men in it think it might have done better, the best men of it
are proud that it did so much, and every man in it, from Colonel
to humblest enlisted man, knows that he did his duty as he
regarded it.
Being a soldier is obeying orders. The man who stayed at
Siboney watching blankets and drums, if ordered there by his
Colonel, was doing his duty, and as good a soldier doing it as the
State Historian. 235
one who stood in the trenches on San Juan Hill. The Drum
Corps, detailed to the duty, who carried wounded men on litters
for days and nights for miles back to Division Hospital and there
assisted in making suffering men more comfortable, worked as
hard and were just as good soldiers as hundreds who lay in
bushes all day long and never fired a gun.
The conceit, more ridiculous than sublime, that accompanies
some soldiers who think because they carry a gun that anybody
in a regiment who goes unarmed is something less brave than
«
they, needs rebuke. The man, who with nothing to defend him-
self but a rag with a red cross on it, which, in this war, received
neither regard nor respect from Spaniards, who toiled carrying,
or relieving, or ministering to the wounded and dying, was just as
good a soldier, did just as necessary a work, and will have from
people whose opinion is Avorth anything just as much credit and
regard as the one, who, no matter where he really was, persists
in saying and even in thinking that he was always at the front.
Before night had passed the regiment was brought together,
and ere morning had dawned all the officers were present and in
command of their men.
If there has been any omission of any particular company or of
any particular battalion, it has been due to the fact that after
a month of ready listening and calm consideration the writer has
been unable to add anything, the accuracy of which seems to him
undoubted. .
Since Major Keck took the Third Battalion up the hill. Com-
pany L having preceded it as an advance guard, led by Captain
Austin, it is well that we state what we have been able to gather
of the action of our First and Second Battalions, or at least
of portions of them.
236 Annual Report op the
The following is Major Wells' report of the First and Second
Battalions in action on July 1st, 1898:
" After crossing the ford Companies M, H and a portion of P
were formed in a line on the bank of the stream and were joined
by Companies A, D and G, of the First Battalion, and also by
about fifty men from the Sixth and Sixteeth Infantry, Regulars —
which latter regiments were supposed to have ascended the hill.
These companies were then organized into two battalions, M anil
H, with the two left squads of F, and the regulars above men-
tioned, forming the Second, and A, G and D-the First Battalion.
These battalions were commanded by Captains Goldsborough
and Linson, respectively, and, under my command, were marched
in columns of fours to the foot of Saa Juan Hill, where the two
battalions were formed in two lines, all by bugle call, the bugler
being a man from one of the regular regiments who had lost
his command. I went to the top of the hill and received orders
from General Hawkins through his A. A. G. to send up at once
one battalion, who were to be deployed on the firing line at the
right of the block-house. Captain Goldsborough's battalion was
designated for this purpose and at once deployed and were joined
by Company F. Companies F and M were on the firing line, with
H held in support.
" The losses of the two companies were most severe because
on that portion of the hill the fire was the hottest, and these
companies, advancing some distance over the brow of the hill,
were most exposed. During this time the First Battalion, held
until now iu reserve, was brought up the hill and took position
about fifty feet in rear of the crest. After M and F had accom-
plished the purpose for which they were ordered forward they
retired just under the crest of the hill and were there joined by
State Historian. 237
Company I, which had ascended the hill some time before, gal-
lantly led by Captain Meeks and Lieutenant Williams, when
the battalion was then completed. The firing lasted until dark,
when M and F were withdrawn 'from the crest and sent to the
reserves, and Companies A and G to take their places while
other companies were in support. At this juncture, or rather,
during the fiercest of the action. Adjutant Fisher was ordered
to the rear by General Hawkins to draw fresh ammunition, and
crossed the open fields bravely and creditably under a galling
fire." *
Since every important offlcer of the regiment in field and line
has made his oflQcial report of this day's action, it is possible
for anyone wishing to know any detail of the same to ascertain
it by consulting these reports. It is nothing to the discredit of
any one historian of such a battle as this to say that in minute
detail and incidental particulars that no two oflBcers in any
regiment could write separate accounts and have all their records
agree. Enough that at the close of this first day's fight every
man in the Seventy-first Kegiment felt that he had done his
duty as he had clearly seen it, and that while some had oppor-
tunities denied to others for conspicuous gallantry, all, without
exception, from humblest drummer, litter carrier and officer's
valet up to the Colonel himself, were under heavy fire for long
periods of time, and from front to rear, all along the line where
brave and hard work had equally to be done, the regiment was
conspicuous for its absolute faithfulness to duty. The work of
our Surgeons, Drs. Bell and Stafford ; our Hospital Corps, among
whom our personal knowledge enables us to mention, not dis-
paragingly to others, but creditably to themselves, Privates
Edwards, Dunning, Potter, Messer and Lucas, and Dr. Levy, who
238 Annual Eeport of the
were conspicuously helpful on the field in bringing the wounded
to the rear.
Understanding, however, the great difQculty of mentioning by
name all who deserve it, the Chaplain asks leniency from those
who read these records and may not see their names and feci
.themselves sufficiently honored to be among the unmentioned
heroes of the San Juan fight. After all, the only permanent
pride and pleasure which one who was there can possibly have
comes from an abiding consciousness that first, last and all the
time he unflinchingly did his duty.
The wounded were carried to the rear or marched there from
the very beginning of the action, and for forty-eight hours the
road for four miles back to the Division Hospital was filled with
wounded men walking or Avith litters conveying both wounded
and dead. The result at the end of the first day's fight was in
every way favorable to our side. We had captured their block-
houses, forced them out of their first line of entrenchments and
driven them back towards Santiago. Had we had a sufiScient
force of artillery, we could then have bombarded the city and
taken it at once.
From a military standpoint we had accomplished a miracle
already in driving troops from strong entrenchments with infan-
try only. The lack of any artillery in this battle was a conspicu-
ous feature. The fighting began the following day and continued
until sundown, the fire being continuous and intense. The
enemy's shells were fired five miles in the rear, making work at
all the emergency hospitals dangerous and freedom from fire as
far back as the Division Hospital exceedingly uncertain. At
midnight of Saturday the enemy made their last daring attempt
to destroy us, suddenly pouring into our trenches a terrific fusi-
State Historian. 239
lade of musketry and firing shells in every direction. Our troops,
not wholly taken by surprise, returned the fire with the heaviest
musketry fire heard during the whole engagement. In this
attack the enemy lost very heavily, some 3,000, it was reported,
having been slain. The Springfield rifle, against the use of which
the regulars had reasonably complained, because of the black
powder, which drew the fire of the enemy, could be fired safely at
night. The Seventy-first utilized their muskets with disastrous
effect upon the enemy.
On Sunday morning orders having been given to Admiral
Cervera by Captain-General Blanco to take his entire fieet out
to sea, he endeavored to run our blockade ofiE Morro, at the
mouth of Santiago Harbor, in doing which he lost every vessel in
his command, not a single one escaping destruction. The noise
of the bombardment was very welcome to our troops in the en-
trenchments. We knew well what was going on, though we were
not prepared for the magnificent victory, particulars of which we
afterwards heard.
As soon as we could we obtained the official list of our own
dead and wounded, which, though not complete, was the best that
at this time could be secured. Fourteen were killed in the
Seventy-first and sixty-seven wounded. Of the killed, there were
several buried back of the trenches, several along the road from
the front to the Division Hospital and the others in trenches
at the Hospital. In every instance care was taken to have per-
manent marks of identification either attached to the bodies
or placed at the heads of the graves. It was impossible for the
Chaplain to bury all because bis duties called him all along the
road from the front to the Division Hospital, over which, back
and forth, until the day of the surrender, his work demanded
his presence.
240 Annual Report of the
Privates Brown, Holland, Daly and Boss, of Company M;
Booth, of Company L; Decker, of Company I; Preger, of Com-
pany A, and Booth, of Company F, were buried near the front
beyond the road that turns to the ford below San Juan Hill.
Privates Skinner, of Company B, and Scofleld, of Company K,
are buried by the side of the road at the edge of the stream run-
ning at the foot of El Poso Hill. Corporals Immen, of Company
C, and Scheid, of Company F, were buried in the trenches at the
Division Hospital, with many others, records of which were kept
at the Hospital.
Nothing but desultory firing, and mostly by our side, occurred
now until the 14th, the day of the surrender. It was weary work
enough for men lying in the trenches without shelter, at no
time well fed, and much of the time insufficiently fed, and most
all of the time on the " qui vive," expecting an attack. Their
comfort in these days was in no way enhanced by frequent
showers that filled the trenches with four feet of Avater, and left
twelve inches of slimy mud all the country around. During
thit' time work of a severe and serious nature was going on in
both the Division Hospitals five miles from the front, and in the
General Hospital at Siboney, ten miles fnrthiH" back toward the
sea. On the night of the 1st of July, and all night long, lay
one hundred and fifty (150) men, officers and soldiers unsheltered
in pools of their own blood, anxiously, and to their credit be it
said, uncomplainingly, awaiting operations. In this condition
fully this number lay till noon of the following day, many of
them for hours under a blistering sun, the power of which only
those who have been in semi-tropical regions can ever know.
Were it not that a Chaplain's relations with men under these
conditions are of too personal a nature for public records, it
State Historian. 241
would be interesting here to relate scenes and circumstances
dearest and most touching in all his experience. These relations
were not alone with those of his own "regiment, but at the front,
through " Bloody Bend " and all along the road, in emergency
hospitals, dressing stations, Division and General Hospitals,
with hundreds of men, ofScers and soldiers of every arm of the
service, and from most every command he dealt intimately and
personally, and established relations of the most affectionate and
enduring character.
The only change in the monotony referred to at "the front was
a detail of the First Battalion, under Major Whittle, and the
Second Battalion, under Major Wells, to build bridges and
improve the road. Subsequently, Major Wells having engineer-
ing experience, was put in charge of a detachment of Michigan
troops, who, with some of our own men, did excellent work in
cutting trees, clearing the chapparal and building bridges to
withstand the freshets of the streams. As an answer to the
sneers indulged in by. those, fully as conceited as they are
brave, and who think that the only work done by a regiment is
that by those in the trenches, though confessedly they were here
for hours and days doing nothing, the labors of men who cut
down trees, build bridges and repair roads, along which ammuni-
tion and rations must be brought, are, to say the least, the very
important. Indeed, without their labors the brave men in the
front would amount to nothing at all. The man who blows the
organ, if not as conspicuous, is fully as important as the man
who plays it, and the drummer who carried the litter on the day
of the San Juan battle did just as good work and was just as
good a soldier as the man who carried his gun. A soldier is
a man who does his duty when, where and how he is told to do it.
16
:242 Annual Kepoet of the
A coward is a man who neglects to do his duty, and he can
neglect it in the trenches, as well as building bridges.
After the 3rd flags of truce M-ere repeatedly raised, by €he
enemy, and it was evident that negotiations were pending for a
surrender.
On the Gth Lieutenant Hobson and his famous crew were
exchanged, notable generals on both sides meeting in the open
before the trenches, bauds playing the " Star Spangled Banner,"
Spanish prisoners of equal rank exchanged for ours, troops shout-
ing all along five miles of entrenchments from San Juan to
El Caney, making a scene forever memorable.
Until the 14th siege guns were being armed and put in posi-
tion, troops from various States came by transports to Siboney
and were sent to the front as reinforcements, and when flags
of truce were not up firing was indulged in, but mostly by our
side. It was evident that General Shafter wished to avoid
bombardment of the city for humanitarian reasons, though on the
:2nd of July it was not at all certain that we could hold our posi-
tion and the Commanding General seriously considered a retreat ;
by the 5th it was evident that the enemy was ours. Much to
General Shafter's credit measures from this time on were more
Tnerciful than drastic. Famine faced the enemy with every
passing hour. It was only a question of time when they must
surrender. The city could be taken at any time by bombard-
ment, but not without a very heavy loss in charging our troops
upon their secure entrenchments.
Delay was, however, most discouraging for our soldiers because
the dreaded fever was beginning already to deplete our troops.
During this time the Chaplain was detailed to Siboney to look
after the transportation of our wounded men on ships to north-
State Historian. 24S
em hospital or homes, and generally to assist in the work of
the Hospital on the coast. By Saturday night, the 9th of July,
all of our wounded men, except several who were able when
cured to return to the front, had been carried to the ships, not
an easy task, and on their way home on Sunday morning. Yellow
fever made its appearance, and in a few days, the numbers in-
creasing to one hundred. Through the influence of Dr. Guiteras,
an expert in the disease, a special quarantine hospital was estab-
lished for these patients two miles along the line (jf the railroad
in the mountains of Firmeza. Among others sick and recuperat-
ing at Siboney were Captain Joyce, of Company H, who in a
few days was sent to New York for recovery, and Lieutenant
Beekman, of Company B, and Eegimental Quartermaster-Captain
Stephens, who, subsequently recovering from mailarial fever,
joined the regiment at the front.
A United States post-office was at this time opened at Siboney,
and, with the hope that mails might be received more regularly,
Quartermaster-Sergeant John H. Beatty was detailed to Siboney
to handle mail for the regiment; this hope was sadly dispelled,
however, by the death of Mr. Brewer, United States Postmaster
in Cuba, from an attack of yellow fever before a week had passed.
Every wooden house in Siboney was now ordered to be burned to
the ground. All wounded men and all business departments
were at once put under tents, and mail was not thereafter dis-
tributed until several days after the surrender, July 14:th, when
the post-oflSce was re-established in Santiago.
Little now of unusual character occurred until the 14th of
July, when Santiago, worn out with starvation and siege, finally
surrendered, relinquishing the entire eastern province of Santiago
de Cuba, laying down their arms and stipulating merely that the
244 Annual Ebpoet of the
Spanish army be returned to Spain. The other terms of the
surrender, all favorable to the United States and merciful to
Spain, were mutually settled by a council of six, three United
States officers and three attaches from foreign governments to
represent the side of Spain.
We append here a list of the wounded :
Lieutenant William E. Trull, junior. Company G.
Sergeant George B. Youngs, Company I.
Sergeant Charles W. Cutting, Company L.
Sergeant John J. Mara, Company M.
Sergeant Max Pitzel, Company P.
Corporal William T. Ahera, Company I.
Private Lewis B. Youngs, Company M.
Private Charles W. Goodman, Company A.
• Private Thomas J. Dixon, junior. Company A.
Private Frederick V. V. Shaw, Company A.
Private Henry W. Zitnik, Company A.
Private Prank A. Schaller, Company E.
Private Donald C. McClelland, Company E.
Private James P. Carroll, Company M.
Private Washington B. Clarke, Company B.
Private Alfred B. Conger, Company M.
Private Charles Deutschberger, Company C.
Private James Murphy, Company M.
Private Eobert E. Murphy, Company H.
Private William S. Valentine, Company C.
Private Harry S. Watson, Company M.
Private Earl B. Hall, Company P.
Private Louis B. Poley, Company K.
State Historian. 245
Private Malcolm Barrett, Company M.
Private Leo J. Donnelly, Company M.
Private Bloomfield B. Mills, Company M.
Private Charles J. Weeks, Company C.
Sergeant Jam^s J. McDermott, Company P.
Private Leander G. Biseman, Company F.
Private Charles Andre, Company K.
Private Peter J. Cunningham, Company L.
Private Henry J. Holzkamp, Company L.
Private Eobert E. Gannon, Company L.
Private Sinclair H. Kirby, Company G.
Private Joseph Dunwoody, Company D.
Private John W. Jeffrey, Company B.
Private Edward D. Hall, Company C.
Private Henry P. Kichardson, Company A.
Private John K. Brown, Company D.
Private Maurice Euster, Company E.
Private George F. Featherstone, Company F.
Private Ernest E. Potter, Company M.
Private William B. Sheppard, Company M.
Corporal Lewis W. Carlisle,' Company M.
Musician Frederick Wolters, Jr., Company G.
Private Frederick O. Kuehnle, Company D.
Private Joseph F. Althause, Company G.
Private John M. Botts, Company A.
Private Frank L. Flint, Company H.
Private Ferdinand Hebrank, Company P.
Private Leonard Westerberg, Company C.
Private James L. Marlow, Company H.
Private John McGeechan, Company M.
246 Annual Report of the
Private Samuel Mclntyre, Company G.
Private John E. Mercer, Company F.
Private John H. Miller, Company C.
Private Louis E. Hess, Company H.
Private William Humbert, Company A.
Private George M. Hurley, Company C.
Private James E. Keller, Company A.
Private William H. Mackenzie, Company E.
The inability to secure company or regimental boats from the
transport " Vigilancia " all the time we were in Cuba, the man-
ner in which men were hastily transferred from Eegimental to
Division Hospital while encamped near Santiago, the haste with
which, once yellow fever was discovered, on reaching Montauk
more than one hundred were despatched to Detention
Camp and there strictly quarantined; the removal of the regi-
ment from Santiago to Montauk in three detachments by differ-
ent vessels, sailing at different times, the leaving of many sick
and unable to proceed further than the dock at Santiago in the
different hospitals of that city, the encamping of the regiment
in three different sections, miles apart over the roaming hills
of Montauk, with no communication allowed between them,
together with confessedly inaccurately kept records at the Gen-
eral Hospital at Camp Wikoff, make anything like a perfect
record of our dead at this time at any rate absolutely impossible.
The writer of this history disclaims all responsibility for this
lamentable result, nor will he attribute blame to anyone for it;
he merely states the fact that at this time of writing it is impos-
sible to answer definitely the heart-rending appeals that come
for information concerning many of the sick, wounded, missing
State Historian. 247
:and dead of the Seventy-first Regiment. Confronted by such a
condition, we are compelled to annex a newspaper clipping of
August 23rd,* giving more definite information than anything
we have been able to secure from the official records :
XIST OF SBVBNTY-FIEST EEGIMENT MEN LIVING, ILL, MISSING, DEAD.
Camp Wikoff, Aug. 22, 1898.— Following is a list of the mem-
"bers of the Seventy-first Regiment, either in Cuba, in the hospital
here, missing or dead. Many of these men have heretofore been
unaccounted for: •
Staff Officers.
James Stafford, Assistant Surgeon, is on duty in Cuba.
George H. Stevenson, Hospital Steward, in hospital at Santiago.
Company A.
First Sergeant Edgar W. Root, died of typhoid malarial fever
•September 8, 1898, at Yonkers, N. Y.
Hubbard W. White, died of yellow fever September 1, 1898, at
CJamp Wikoflf.
William Preger,t killed at the battle of San Juan, July 1, 1898.
Frederick V. V. Shaw, wounded, San Juan battle.
Company B.
Corporal Louis B. Small, died of disease September 3, in hos-
pital, New York City.
Washington B. Clarke, wounded, in New York.
Reuben N. Dodd, accidentally killed, October 28, 1898, at New
York City.
* From the very nature of things more or less inaccuracy is expected in a newspaper article
of the character inserted here by Dr. Van Dewater. But, by comparison and verification with
the muster rolls in the o£5ce of the Adjutant-General of the State of New York, a reasonably
full and accurate Hst of the casualties in the Seventy-first regiment has been obtained. — State
Historian.
tAlso borne on the rolls as Prayer. —State Histohian.
248 Annual Ebpoet ow the
John W. Jeffrey, wounded, in New York.
Louis B. Skinner, killed in action at San Juan Hill, July 1,
1898.
Edward Y. Thorp, died of disease, September 4, 1898, in St.
Luke's Hospital, New York.
Company C.
Arthur D. Burhans, died of disease, September 1, 1898, at Ba-
yonne, N. J.
John Howitt, died of disease, August 25, 1898, at Santiago,
Cuba.
Charles P. F. Gushing, killed in action, July 1, 1898, at San
Juan Hill.
Thomas H. Fitzgerald, died of disease, September 13, 1898, at
Montauk Point, N. Y.
George L. Immen,* died, July 4, 1898, of wounds received in
action at San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898.
William S. Valentine, committed suicide while temporarily
deranged at his home. Sing Sing.
Samuel J. Walton, died of disease at Camp Wikoff, August
20, 1898.
Charles J. Weeks, wounded and at home.
Company D.
Alexander Clark, died of typhoid fever, August 27, 1898, at
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Walter J. Brown, died of dysentery, August 11, 1898, in hos-
pital near Santiago, Cuba.
Joseph Dunwoody, wounded in action, July 1, 1898, at San
Juan Hill ; died of wounds, September 12, 1898, at New York Gity.
*Al80 borne on the rolls as George R. Immens. — State Hibtohian.
State Historian. 249
Daniel K. Keynolds, died of dysentery, August 30, 1898, on
board transport " Roumania," at sea.
William J. Walsh, died of fever, September 19, 1898, at New
York City.
Emil Wendland, died of typhoid fever, September 21, 1898, at
New York City.
Company E.
Sergeant HermajQ Ziegner, died of fever, September 9, 1898,
in St. John's Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Sergeant William D. S. Young, died of fever, July 29, 1898, at
Santiago, Cuba.
William E. Carmer, died of fever, September 8, 1898, on board
transport " Missouri," at sea.
George W. Cook, died of malarial fever, September 11, 1898, at
Hackensack, N. J.
Stanley H. Forsyth, died of fever, October 12, 1898, at Water-
town, N. Y.
Paul W. Freidman, died of fever, September 4, 1898, aboard
transport " Missouri," at sea.
John P. Hogan, died of malarial fever, September 16, 1898, at
New York City.
Arthur M. Messiter, died of fever, September 2, 1898, at Boston,
Mass.
Edward Pfister, died of fever, August 28, 1898, at Montauk
Point, N. Y.
John J. Quilty, died of disease, August 26, 1898, at Camp
Wikoff.
Edgar E. Williams, died of fever, August 23, 1898, at Mon-
tauk Point, N. Y.
250 Annual Kbport of the
Company F.
Lieutenant Alfred I. Roberts, died of pneumonia, September
20, 1898, in hospital, Montauk Point, A'. Y.
Prank W. Booth, killed in action at San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898.
Harry F. Cax*penter, died of typhoid malaria, September 12,.
1898, at his home, Monroe, N. Y.
John J. Dinan, died of fever, August 26, 1898, at Montauk.
Point, N. Y.
Leander G. Eiseman, home, wounded.
Frederick L. Engels, died of malarial fever, August 14, 1898^
aboard transport " La Grande Duchesse."
Joseph Howard, died of typhoid malaria, September 21, 1898,.
at New York City.
Edward C. Kroupa, died of pernicious malarial fever, August
11, 1898, at Santiago, Cuba.
Thomas J. O'Brien, died of disease, September 4, 1898, at St.
John's Hospital, borough of Queens, New York.
John A. Shaw, died of fever, August 11, 1898, at Santiago,.
Cuba.
Heni"y J. Scheid, died, July 3, 1898, of wounds received in
action at San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898.
Goinpany (?.
First Sergeant Eugene L. Sharrott, died of typhoid fever,.
August 13, 1898, at Santiago, Cuba.
Corporal William A. Rusk, died of entero colitis fever, Sep-
' tember 10, 1898, aboard transport " Missouri."
John M. Barnum, died of dysentery, August 17, 1898, at Camp-
Wikoff.
Lewis C. Heath, died in Santiago, Cuba, August 8, 1898, of per-
nicious malarial fever.
State Historian. 251
James E. Nagle, died of fever and bronchitis, October 15, 1898,
at New York City.
Richard Martens, died of malarial fever, August 28, 1898, at
'Santiago, Cuba.
Comjyany H.
Lieutenant William Longson, died of typhoid fever, September
1, 1898, at New York City.
John Bourke, died of typhoid fever, September 10, 1898, at
Hew York City.
*
Company I.
Sergeant Elmer C. Meeks, died of typhoid malarial fever, Sep-
tember 19, 1898, at New York City.
William E. Cheevers, died of fever, xVugust 1, 1898, at San-
tiago, Cuba.
Joseph S. Decker, killed in action at San Juan Hill, July 1,
1898.
Eugene W. Goflf, died of fever, September 3, 1898, at Camp
Wikofif, Montauk Point, N. Y.
Philip S. Hubschmitt, died at Lakeland, Fla., of gastric fever,
May 27, 1898.
Richard Quevedo, died of typhoid malarial fever, September 3,
1898, at New York City.
Frank H. Zoller, died of intermittent fever, September 22, 1898,
at New York City.
Company K.
Corporal James L. Rodgers, died of fever, September 8, 1898,
at Camp Wikofif, Montauk Point, N. Y.
Joseph I. Black, died of entero colitis, September 2, 1898, at
Santiago, Cuba.
252 Annual Report of the
Norman W. Crosley (Crosby), died of fever, September 3,
1898, at New York City.
JoHn H. Haller, died of fever, August 24, 1898, at Camp Wikoflf,
N. Y.
William McClurg, died of pleuro pneumonia, November 9, 1898,
at New York City.
Edward Percy McKeever, died of fever, August 31, 1898, at
New York City.
John E. O'Connor, died of fever, August 11, 1898, at Santiago,
Cuba.
Frank E. Bouse, died of fever at Montauk Point, August 15,
1898.
August F. Schroter, died of fever, August 25, 1898, at Camp
Wikoff.
Arthur Von Ette, died of fever, September 5, 1898, aboard
transport " Missouri," at sea.
Charles Gombert, died of fever, August 16, 1898, at Santiago,
Cuba.
Sidney A. Scofleld, killed in action <at San Juan Hill, July 1,
1898.
Company L.
Frank E. Alden, died of malarial fever, August 12, 1898, at
Field Hospital, Santiago, Cuba.
John Booth, killed in action at San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898.
Nathan H. Oarswell, died of malarial fever,' August 25, 1898,
at his home, New York City.
John F. Cavanaugh, died of fever, Camp WikofE, August 29,
1898.
Alexander Conroy, deserted.
State Historian. 253
Ebbe Ebbeson, died of typhoid fever at sea and was buried at
Montauk Point, September 10, 1898.
Corporal Eobert G. Everett, died of typhoid fever, September
5, 1898, at New York City.
John J. Fitzgibbon, died of typhoid fever, September 10, 1898,
aboard transport " Missouri," and was buried at sea.
Gus Grahn, died of disease before Santiago, July 20, 1898.
Christopher Jorgensen, accidentally killed en route to Camp
Wikoff, Montauk Point, N. Y., from Camp Black, Au^st 24, 1898.
Gustav C. Schutz, died of disease aboard transpoA " La Grande
Duchesse " in transit to Montauk Point, N. Y., and was buried
at sea Sunday, August 14, 1898.
James T. Williams, died at Santiago, Cuba, July 28, 1898, of
fever.
Company M.
First Sergeant William D. Pierson, died of fever, August 23,
1898, at Montauk Point, jS'. Y.
Sergeant John J. Mara, died of fever and dysentery, Septem-
ber 11, 1898, at Camp Wikoff, Montauk Point, N. Y.
Corporal Lewis W. Carlisle, died July 28, 1898, at St. Peters
. Hospital, Brooklyn, of wounds received in action July 2, 1898.
George M. Babbitt, died of heart disease aboard ship in transit
to Montauk Point, and was buried at sea August 13, 1898.
Clinton B. Brown, killed in action at San Juan Hill, July 1,
1898.
Charles E. Craigie, died of fever, August 27, 1898, at Montauk
Point.
Michael Daly, killed in action at San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898.
Thomas G. Dunning, died of fever, August 23, 1898, at Montauk
Point, N. Y.
254 Annual Keport of the
David M. Earl, died of fever, August 26, 1898, at Montauk
Point, N. Y.
John H. Geoghegan, died of fever, September 8, 1898, at Glen
Cove, N. Y.
Norman J. G. McWilliam, died of yellow fever, August 20, 1898,
at Siboney, Cuba.
William A. Talcott, Jr., died of fever and peritonitis, Septem-
ber 1, 1898, at Watch Hill, E. I.
Charles D. Holland, killed in action at San Juan Hill, July
1, 1898.
Beuben Boss, killed in action at San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898.
Maurice B. Kane, killed by the cars, August 24, 1898, near
Westburg, N. Y.
Casualties. Officers. Men.
Killed in action .... 11
Died of wounds received in action . . ,- y. .... 4
Wounded ..> 1 60
Accidentally killed '. . < .... 3
Died of disease 2 73
Committed suicide .... 1
— State Historian.
State Historian. 255>
The wholly unique character of the San Juan engagement^
infantry for hours doing the work of artillery, no regiment, either
regular or volunteer, having been wholly kept intact, the battle, by
the acknowledgment of everyone, not a general's, nor a colonel's,
nor scarcely a major's, but a captain's and even a private's
engagement, it is no wonder that there were many conflicting,
reports of the work done by the several commands or that the
honor of being first at the top of the San Juan Hill was claimed
by at least sixteen companies and six regiments of the Fifth Army
Corps.
When home papers very naturally enlarged upon the work done
and the bravery shown by the volunteer regiments and illus-
trated their somewhat exaggerated accounts with some extra-
ordinary pictures, one paper going so far as to give away an
illustrated supplement containing a march dedicated to " The
Hero of San Juan," as though any man could be the hero of such
a battle, the regulars, reading these reports and seeing these
pictures, having no press in any city to laud their individual
efforts, became naturally jealous, resented what they called in-
justice, and were, some of them, responsible for an article whicb
appeared in one paper of New York city, too unworthy to be
mentioned, reflecting upon the bravery of the Seventy-first Eegi-
ment. The facts were so undeniably a refutation of this charge
that the entire press and the whole community instantly wreaked
its vengeance upon this libelous sheet, and brought its managers
upon their knees for mercy in less than twenty-four hours.
Not to answer any charge of cowardice, to do which would be
unworthy, the following from the pen of one of the ablest war
correspondents in the field is here submitted as a perfectly accu-
256 Annual Ebpoet of the
rate account of the engagement of the Seventy-first at San Juan
Hill. A careful study of all the oflQcial reports of that battle
under the strongest light which study and research will throw
upon it in the future can but conflrm every statement made here
by Mr. Stoddard :
" It is not a matter of great surprise to those who went
through the Santiago campaign to find on coming home here
that the Seventy-first New York is the subject of wide discussion,
for there was never a moment from the time in May when it
landed in Lakeland, B'la., until after Santiago had fallen that
the appearance and standing of the regiment were not the every-
day talk of both regulars and civilians in the expedition. Roose-
velt's men excited the curiosity of everyone, but, as two-thirds
of them had been under fire in one way or another, and were
hardened to roughing it, they were not regarded as a type of the
TOilumteer soldier. The Seventy-first men were so regarded,
however, from the outset. Many regular officers made the trip
from Tampa to Lakeland to look them over and make comparison
with the regulars, and all returned with highest praise for the
men and for the spirit they showed.
" It was because of this fact that they were the only volunteers
except the Eoosevelt Regiment, assigned to the perilous work of
taking San Juan Hill, and the only ones employed in the first
day's battle at that point.
" The Second Massachusetts was a part of Brigadier-General
Ludlow's* command at El Caney, and, though it suffered from
♦William Ludlow. Born in New York. Apriointed from New York to the United States
Military Academy .luly 1, 1800 (graduated No. 8!; first lieutenant engineers June 13, 18S4;
captain March 7, 1867; major June 30, 1882; lieutenant-oolonel August 13, 1895; brigadier-
general volunteers May 4, 1898; major-general volunteers September 7, 1898; honorably dis-
charged April 13, 1899; brigadier-general volunteers April 13, 1899; brigadier-pfeneral United
States army January 21, 1900; brevet-captain July 20, 1864, for gallant and meritorious
services in the defence of Allatoona Pass; major December 21, 1864, for gallant and merito-
rious services in the campaign through Georgia, and lieutentant-colonel March 13, 1805, for
gallant and meritorious serWces in the campaign of the Carolinas; died at Convent Station,
New Jersey, August 30, 1901, agsd 53 ysirs. — State Hi9ToaiA.N.
State Histokia.n. 257
Spanish fire, it was not engaged in the intense fighting at El
Caney, nor, of course, did it get into the San Juan engagement
until the second daj', when the firing on both sides was from
behind entrenchments. This was no fault of the Massachusetts
men, for they did the work assigned them elsewhere with valiant
spirit, but it was Chaffee's brigade of regulars, and not Ludlow's,
which General Lawton* ordered into the final charge upon El
Oaney, and the Massachusetts men were utilized as a support,
rather than as the assailing column.
" To the critics of the Seventy-first the reply nfay well be
made that there must have been something in the make-up of
the New York boys to lead the commanding general to order
them into a charge at which even veteran troops might
falter, and where the daring of our men, regulars and volunteers
alike, excited the wonder and admiration of the military experts
of all nationts. Had the San Juan engagement been an ordinary
battle, Avith no unusual advantage in position for either side, the
selection of a regiment as part of the advancing column would
be no special indication of confidence, but at San Juan, to go
into the fight as part of the charging column, meant that one
out of every four men was to drop, wounded or killed.
♦Henry Ware Lawton. Born in Ohio. Appointed from ladiana. Sergexnt Co. E, 9th
Indiana infantry, April ]8 to July 29, 1861; first lieutenant 30th Indiana infantry August 20,
1861 ; captain May 17, 1862; lieutenant-coionel November 15, 1864; brevet -colonel volunteeri
March 1.3, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war; honorably mustered out
November 25, 1865; second lieutenant 41st infantry July 23, 1866; fir.st lieutenant July 31,
1867; regimental quartermaster .Tune 1, 1868, to November 11, 1869; transferred to 24th
infantry November 11, 1869; regimental quartermaster November 11, 1869, to January 1,
1871; transferred to 4th cavalry January 1, 1871; regimental quartermaster May 1, 1872, to
March 20, 187.5, and September 1, 1876, to March 20, 1879; captain March 20, 1879, to October
2, 1888; major inspector-general September 17, 1888; lieutenant-colonel inspector-general
February 12, 1889; colonel inspector-general July 7, 1898; brigadier-general volunteers May 4,
1898; major-general volunteers July 8, 1898; received Congressional medal of honor for dis-
tinguished gallantry in leading a charge of sMrmishers again.st the enemy's rifle pits, taking
them with their occupants and stubbornly and successfully resisting two determined attacks
of the enemy to retake the works; in front of Atlanta, Ga., August 3, 1S61, while serving as
captain Co, A, ,SOth Indiana volunteer infantry and brigade officer of the day: killed in action
at the battle of San Mateo, Philippine Islands, December 19, 1899, aged 56 years. — State
Historian. _i
17
258 Annual Report of the
" It was for such courageous work as this that the Seventy-first
men were awakened before dawn on the morning of July 1st.
I know something of their spirit and pluck as they prepared
for the march from camp at El Poso, five miles away, for I had
pitched my tent in their camp two days before and was the only
newspaper correspondent with them that night before the battle
and who marched out with them toward the front that morn-
ing. Few of the men knew just what they were going to do,
for the orders were simply to follow the Sixth and Sixteenth
Regulars wherever they went, but all knew that a battle of some
kind was at hand, and that the regiment was to be in it. This
was exactly what they wanted, and all hands marched out that
morning proud of the fact that they had been chosen part of the
fighting force.
" The orders to prepare to advance had come to Colonel Downs
late the day before, and at ' retreat ' that night had been com-
municated to the men. They were to take the road at 4 o'clock
in the morning, falling in after the Sixteenth Regulars. That
night there were bustle and hurry and excitement throughout
the camp, and when I reached there about 8 o'clock, after an
afternoon's journey for rations down to Siboney and back, every-
one was talking of to-morrow. It was not the first time that
the men had prepared for battle, for they had been ordered
into the Las Guasimas fight as reinforcements the first day they
were on shore — another evidence, by the way, that they were
to do the duty of veterans — and on the night of July 27th, the
picket line began a firing that brought the entire regiment into
formation to resist a midnight surprise. On that occasion every
man jumped from his tent at word of command and was at his
place of duty ready for the foe in less than two minutes' time.
State Historian. 259
" The probability of a fight next day, therefore, was not an
entirely new thought for the Seventy-first as they turned in for
a night's rest, though few of them got much sleep, there was so
much packing up, letter writing by candle and singing to do.
Promptly at half-past three, however, before dawn had yet
streaked the skies or the chill night air was tempered by the sun,
the call to rise was sounded by the bugler. It was a strange
sight' to see the dark figures of the men moving about, like
shadows on a curtain, and getting ready for the departure. Fires
were lit and coffee boiled in much less time than ever before,
the three days' rations were packed away in haversacks and each
man rolled his bed-roll and keepsakes in his half of the shelter
canvas. Altogether, with 105 rounds of ammunition in his
cartridge belt, every man in the regiment started out on that
historic day with fully fifty pounds on his back. In addition,
every fourth man carried a spade or axe.
" Promptly at 4 o'clock of July 1st Colonel Downs had his
First Battalion halted on the roadside awaiting the passing of
the two regiments he was to follow. The regulars were so far
behind, however, that after waiting half an hour Colonel Downs
ordered his men to proceed and I went with them. We marched
at slow pace, about two miles, I should say, when the regulars
caught up and the Seventy-first drew up on the side of the road
to allow them to pass. By that time Capron's* artillery had
opened fire on El Caney, and the sound of the guns was as dis-
tinct in the morning air as if they were within half a mile of us,
instead of being nearly five miles away. It was hard marching
*Allyn Capron, father of Capt. Allyn K. Capron of the Rough Riders, who was killed in
action at the battle of T-as Guasimas, was born in Florida. Appointed from North Carolina
to the United Htate;^ Military Academy September 1, 1R63 (graduated No. 3.3); second Ueu-
tenant Ist artillery June 17, 1867; first lieutenant .\ugust 19, 1873; captain December 4, 1888;
participated in the operations around Santiago during the Spanish war: died September 18»
1898 near Fort Myer, Virginia, aged 52 years. — ST^Tt: Histori.\n.
260 Annual Report of the
that morning in the muddy roads, especially as most of it had
to be done in columns of two's, and I concluded to go ahead with
the regulars so as to cover as much ground as possible before
the sun became too hot. I left the Seventy-first, therefore, at
their halting place opposite General Shatter's headquarters, in-
tending to await them farther on.
" Musketry fire could now be heard distinctly from the direction
of El Caney, mingling with the booming of cannon, and we all
understood that Lawton's division was engaging the enemy there.
Our path, however, lay in a different direction — toward El Poso.
First with the Sixth and then with the Sixteenth I trudged along
with fast wearying step, for carrying thirty odd pounds on one's
back in such a climate and on such a road is no easy task. Finally
we came in sight of Grimes' battery up the El Poso Hill, with
part of Roosevelt's Regiment strung along the trail and on the
crest. Here I left the infantry on the valley road and started
for the hill top. Half way up the hill I looked back on the valley
road and for the first time realized that a big movement was to
take place. The road was packed with troops as far as one could
see, all halted for the word of command. On the El Poso Hill,
gathered around the battery, were General Sumner, Colonel
Wood, Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt, Lieutenant Miley and Lieu-
tenant-Oolonel John Jacob Astor, of General Shafter's staff, and
Captain Grimes. It was then about 7.30. Everybody who had
field glasses had them leveled at San Juan Hill, where the Span-
iards were, but not a sign of life could be detected there. It was
not over a mile and a half from the crest of one hill to that of
the other.
" The first shot from our cannon, fired just before 8 o'clock, fell
into the trees and foliage at San Juan without disturbing the
State Histoeian. 261
quiet and repose of the place in the slightest. Another and
another shot went crashing over there, followed by our hurrahs
and cheers, but the scores of field glasses we were using gave
no indication that San Juan was other than a wilderness. Negrly
a score of solid shot had been fired and the range reduced from
2,800 to 2,400 yards when General Sumner ordered a change to
shrapnel. A group of twenty of us watched the loading of the
gun and hurrahed loudly as the deadly stuff went whistling and
twirling on its way toward the Spanish entrenchments, but we
did not try to locate it with our glasses. Indeed, it had scarcely
landed on San Juan Hill before the Spaniards greeted us with
a reply in kind — the first shot of the battle from them — and
our hurrahs jjromptly changed into something else. No one
stopped to locate where our shrapnel landed, for we were all
too busy trying to get out of the way of tljie Spanish shrapnel.
The first shot flew through the air about fifty yards over our-
heads, but the third one struck three Cubans standing against
a half destroyed sugar mill.
" For the next fifteen minutes the interchange &f shrapnel be-
tween the batteries on the two hills was quite lively and Grimes'^
Hill, as it was called, was anything but a comfortable place. All
the hurrahing had' ceased and almost everyone was lying on his
stomach or behind cover. Quite an exodus had taken place, too,
from the summit of the hill, since the Spaniards had deigned to
reply to our gunners. I fail to recall whether I led or followed
the retreating column, for there were a few minutes just then
which are a blank to quite a number of people, including myself,
except the recollection of shrill sounds in the air all about you,
horses and men tangled up on the hillside and everybody dodging
and yelling.
262 Annual Report op the
" In the midst of the confusion the Roosevelt Regiment was
ordered to go down the hill and advance on San Juan. It is said
this order never came from headquarters, but was Roosevelt's
own idea. I do not know whether it was or not, but the men
obeyed with alacrity, for almost anything was better than lying
flat in the bushes around Grimes' battery, as if awaiting one's
turn to be hit with the flying shell.
" It was half an hour after the Roosevelt men had begun to
move on San Juan that I again met the Seventy-first. I had gone
down the hill with several others, including Colonel Astor, whose
orderly had disappeared with his horse, and at the point in the
road where the San Juan creek or river had to be crossed I found
the Seventy-first halted. They had been there for an hour or
more, in their assigned place back of the Sixteenth Regulars.
Both regiments were wating for Roosevelt's men and the cavalry
to go by. No orders to advance had yet been given by General
Kent to his division, but Lieutenant Miley had just ridden over
from Grimes' battery with orders for Kent to take his division
into action. So, at least, those of us who were on the road under-
stood from the talk we heard there. Meanwhile, however, every
man on that road was under the shrapnel fire of the two opposing
batteries, for the valley lay between the two hills, and the fatal
volley firing of the Spaniards had just opened up on the men
who were fording the stream. The Seventy-first men got there in
the thick of it. They hesitated. Who did not? No enemy was
in sight, yet scores of enemy's bullets were falling among them,
and shrapnel shells were making the air overhead hideous with
their terrorizing sound. Though by no means as dangerous as a
volley of bullets, yet no sound in the two days' battle was as
much dreaded as that of shrapnel. General Kent, in his report,
State Historian. 263
says : ' The fire of the enemy's sharpshooters was being distinctly
felt at this time.' He might have added that the New York boys
had their first killed and wounded here. General Kent goes on :
' The enemy's infantry fire, steadily increasing in intensity, now
came from all directions, not only from the front and the dense
tropical thickets on our flanks, but from sharpshooters thickly
posted in trees in our rear and from shrapnel apparently aimed
at the balloon.'
" It was into such a maelstrom of shot from hidden sources that
General Kent ordered the Seventy-first to go, not straight ahead
of them in the open, but up a blind mountain trail, hemmed in
on both sides by the tropical thickets of which he speaks.
" I was not with the First Battalion when it fell back from the
creek, as General Kent says in his" official report that it did,
but it certainly did not throw the two other battalions into
worse disorder, as General Kent would have known, if he had;
been there, which he was not, than existed along the entire line-
exposed to fire. I heard at the time that someone had ordered
the regiment up a newly discovered by-path or trail on San Juan
Hill, and that, as they tried to get up, moving in two's, the First
Battalion met such a fire, following that crossing the stream, that
it believed it had been ambushed. If any of General Kent's staff
made a cordon back of the regiment, in order to force them into
action, no one among the dozen or more with whom I stood saw
or spoke of such action. They were around there giving con-
tradictory orders, and in their haste not very definite ones, and
it would not be surprising if the misunderstanding among the
Seventy-first's officers was largely due to the excited state of
mind of General Kent's staff.
264 Annual Eepokt op the
" It was never intended, as I understood the situation that
morning, that the Ninth, Thirteenth and Twenty-fourth Regulars,
who were behind the Seventy-first on the road, should follow it
into battle, and the fact that General Kent ordered the Seventy-
first, as he says, up this by-path, while the other regiments went
farther to the left, proves that the temporary hesitation of the
Seventy-first in no way affected the general movement. The other
regiments, or part of them, pushed on, according to plan, and the
Thirteenth and Twenty-fourth made that gallant charge on the
block-house at the extreme left. Major Keek's battalion of the
Seventy-first recovered itself within five minutes and was on its
way up the hill before a single man of the regulars behind them
had passed on the road. I do not know, but was told then that
one company had also gone up with Keek's battalion, and I have
heard since that Captain Rafferty commanded it. The regiment,
of course, was split up by this movement, but I doubt whether
a single regiment, regular or volunteer, went up that hill intact.
It was an impossible task, for it was every man for himself after
the firing became so intense, and oflicers with whom I have talked
tell me that they were unable to hold their men together. It was
useless to give commands, for no voice could be heard in the din,
and no one knew what company was charging up the hill by his
side. General Kent himself, in his first official report, gave credit
for capturing the hill to the Sixth and Sixteenth Regulars, but
in his report six days afterward acknowledged that this was an
error, and that five regiments are to be credited with that feat.
This shows the confused state of things, when even the Division
Commander did not know that five regiments, not two, were in
the victorious charge, though all five i*egiments were part of his
own command.
State Historian. 265
" The period of hesitation, if that word can be used, among the
Seventy-first men was so brief that one wonders that a more
just and generous course toward the regiment was not pursued
by General Kent, and reference made by him to their splendid
work after that first baptism of fire from a hidden enemy. The
men themselves, in their frank letters to their parents, tell the
story in their' own way, and if one will but read them all, he will
find that they fit in together in a way that ends all argument
as to their reliability.
" General Kent might, with truth, have said, first, that the
Seventy-first got up the hill in ample time to have a list of loss
as heavy as any other regiment; second, that it went into action
realizing that every shot fired from its Springfield rifle made it a
target for the enemy w^ith smokeless powder; and, third, that it
made a target of itself and went into the charge, though whole
companies of regulars, armed with Krag-Jorgensens, which are
almost smokeless, yelled to ' get out of here with those Spring-
fields.'
" Time and again that cry was heard by the men of the Seventy-
first, and late on the second day, when the Spaniards had ceased
their heavy firing, the order was given for the regiment to stop
shooting entirely. The Spaniards were locating them at every
shot. Meanwhile I met more than a score of Seventy-first men
who had picked up Krag-Jorgensens on the hillside and were
pleading for permission to use them instead of their black powder
rifies. They were not allowed to do so, however, and had to turn
their ncAV-found Krags over to the ordnance ofiicer. Nevertheless,
as I stated in a letter to The Mail and Express from San Juan,
General Hawkins, riding along the lines on July 2nd, compli-
266 Annual Report of the
men ted the Seventy-first for its good work that day — a fact
which General Kent might also have included in his report.
" It was impossible for anyone to know what was going on
beyond his immediate neighborhood during that first day's bat-
tle— at least until after the hill had been taken and the regi-
ments had been lined up; but the impression, gathered from
observation and discussion that day and since then regarding
the Seventy-first's action, is that a volunteer organization was
sent in the foremost column to charge a fortified hill, and it was
armed with a rifle known by every man to be inferior to that used
by its associates, as well as that used by the enemy. It also
had the disadvantage of using black powder, as against the
smokeless powder of its enemy. Despite these heavy handicaps,
disheartening in themselves, it was halted in a valley road for
over an hour under a desultory shrapnel and musketry fire, to
which it could not reply, and finally ordered into a hillside trail,
where it was met with a storm of bullets from no one knew where.
" Soldiers who had fought through many battles and had beep
ambushed time and again might, and probably would, have re-
covered themselves and reformed their lines before the Seventy-
first did; but they could not have met that hidden fire without
a recoil, nor could they have made more rapid and courageous
progress up the hill after they once started and understood just
what was expected of them.
HENRY L. STODDARD."
The following letter speaks for itself and is all the more valu-
able because received unexpectedly and unsolicited by our com-
manding oflScer, Colonel Downs, a few days after the surrender
of the Spaniards:
State Historian. 267
"H'd'qVs. Inf.,U. S. A.
Fever Gamp, Siboney, Cuba,
July 17, 1898.
Colonel W. A. Downs, Oom'd'g. 71st Eegt., N. Y. Vols.
Dear Colonel. — Having been more or less thrown with the
71st N. Y. Vols., since its arrival in Tampa, Florida, and having
served with it directly in the engagement at Fort San Juan, July
1st, 2nd and 3rd, 1898, I wish to say that I consider it one of
the very best volunteer regiments I have seen since 1861. The
conduct of the men under fire was admirable, their patriotism
and courage were undoubted; but fully as much to their credit
was their cheerful endurance of the privation, suffering and hard-
ship which fall to the lot of the new soldier in the long and
dreary intervals not enlivened by actual contest and which all
must endure.
Very truly yours,
(signed) A. C. MARKLEY,
Major, Com'd'g. 24th Inf'y."
On the 10th of July the regiment was moved further to the
right and temporarily assigned to the command of General Law-
ton. Subsequently the Sixth and Sixteenth Regular Infantry
were similarly removed to the right, when the First Brigade was
restored and General Kent's headquarters established in the vicin-
ity. Here the regiment remained encamped until it left the
island. Now that Santiago had surrendered, there was nothing
to do but to settle down as comfortably as possible and to care
for the health of the men, all too many of whom were already
afllicted with fever, prevalent in these semi-tropical climates
during the months of the rainy season.
268 Annual Report of the
Criticism is here withheld, but facts are stated. Not until
the 20th of July were we supplied by the Government with any
rations other than hard bread, the fatty grease appropriately
called throughout the army " sow belly " and green coffee. Our
Quartermaster tried in vain to secure a single mule team and
pack wagon for transportation. The regiment, as such, never had
this reasonable allowance of transportation supplied to it from
the time of its arrival in Cuba until the day it left Santiago.
Up to this time the oflScers' horses had been used, rather abused,
and most of them wrecked by using them for pack mules to carry
ammunition,' stores and mail.
At the request of Major Louis A. LaGarde, Surgeon in Charge of
Siboney, the Chaplain was assigned to duty there from July 11th
to July 18th, where he attended the sick, buried four men who
died from yellow fever, superintended the digging of pits for the
burial of the dead and exercised supervision as senior ofticer oyer
twelve convalescent wounded men of our regiment and a detail
■of two men who had been left at Siboney June 27th to guard
large amounts of regimental property. There were also there at
this time several from the regiment who were recuperating from
swamp fever. Swamp or calentura fever began now to de-
velop among the troops at the front. Apprehension was great,
now that the dangers of battle had subsided, we should lose more
by disease than we had already lost by bullets, an apprehension,
alas, that proved reasonably fateful.
The terms of the surrender of the Province of Santiago hav-
ing been decided upon, some twenty-four thousand soldiers hav-
ing laid down their arms, it became necessary to transport these
troops to Spain. To do this in their own vessels, according to
terms of contract, took considerable time. Meanwhile the Fifth
State Historian. 269
Army Corps remained on the hills three miles from Santiago,
fever daily afflicting more and more of the troops, who were very
insufficiently sheltered from tropical heat and daily storms,
removed one and one-half miles from running water, with food
of the simplest character, barely suflScient for the well, and wholly
inadequate to the needs of the sick. Up to the 18th of July there
were not three wall tents in the entire camp, the Surgeons them-
selves slept under shelter tents and no provision whatever could
be made for a hospital. Like benison from heaven there arrived
in our camp on the 18th of July Mr. Charles F. Barrett and his
assistant, Mr. Charles A. Brittain, representing the Army Com-
mission of the Y. M. C. A. They had come that day from Bai-
quiri, having sailed from Tampa with a light artillery command
on the 4th. Never were strangers more welcome. Subsequent
«vents attested their worth and proved that they were devout
Christian friends. They reported from the headquarters of the
Army Commission that they had received orders to report to the
Chaplain of the Seventy-first and to do all in their power to sup-
ply the needs of that regiment. Inasmuch as it had been impos-
sible for us to transport the tent kindly given us by this Army
Commission, which we received at Tampa, but were obliged to
leave on the vessel at Siboney, the two tents these brothers
brought proved veritable Godsends. The smaller one, at the re-
quest of our Colonel, was immediately given for a hospital for the
regiment, while in the other one, a good-sized square tent, ser-
vices were held, oflScers assembled during the day, using it as a
social hall, and any oflScer who was sick was allowed to remain
here till he recovered. There was no time when there were not
seven officers of the regiment living and sleeping in this tent
by the courtesy of two men who had the right to claim it for their
270 Annual Eepoet op the
own personal use. TLe Chaplain makes a special acknowledg-
ment of the kindness of these men, without which he would have
had no shelter whatever during the most trying period of the
Cuban campaign. Never for any home he ever possessed was
he so grateful as for the privilege here accorded of swinging his
hammock between the main poles of this generous Y. M. C. A.
tent. By this time one's wardrobe had become depleted. A
haversack could hold all belongings and not be full. This, with
the hammock, constituted the Chaplain's outfit. Not only was
he given a roof over his head, but he was also the recipient of
some useful articles of underclothing and a good-sized box, to
which Avas subsequently attached hinges and hasp, and which, for
three weeks, ser.ved admirably for trunk, desk, couch and chair.
In this were also placed some cigarettes and cigars, kindly sent
by Mr. Fonseca, of New York, which ministered much to actual
necessity, and enabled many in the regiment to be made very
happy when they thought such luxuries were miles away. It is
a fact, though, perhaps, not creditable, that to enjoy those
things yourself and have your friends enjoy them, the hasp had
to be locked after each distribution. Note paper and envelopes
were freely distributed, not only to those of the Seventy-first,
but to all adjacent commands. In the three weeks that this
Commission did its Avork in Cuba there were distributed over
20,000 sheets of paper and 10,000 envelopes — why more people
at home did not receive letters is a wonder. On the 19th the
Chaplain, accompanied by Messrs. Barrett and Brittain, the
horses' backs being too sore to ride them, started on foot for
Santiago to procure needed provisions and medicines for the sick
and also to provide something for the officers^ mess. Up to this
time it must be stated that, due to insufficient lighterage facili-
State Historian. 271
ties at Siboney, inadequate transportation and most wretched
roads, especially five miles out from Siboney, where, due to
swampy soil and narrow gulches, it baffled the Engineer Corps
either to make or keep the roads in proper condition for traffic,
medicines for the sick were most scant, and anything but hard-
tack, bacon and coffee was wanting in all our camps.
This walk to Santiago was dreadfully muddy half the way
until we came upon the Queen's Road, and it was intolerably
hot all the way into the city ; never did it seem to me was a walk
more hot or fatiguing. From 10 until 3 daily the effect of the
sun upon your head is like that of a Spanish-fly blister. All
ialbng the Queen's Road for a distance of two miles were pil-
grims, pauper-stricken and starving Cubans journeying toward
Santiago. As we entered the city and passed by the great Mili-
tary Hospital flanking its eastern end we saw what strong en-
trenchments and fortifications had been built by the Spaniards.
In front of trenches five feet deep, stretching all around this
end of the city, there were huge wine casks filled with rocks, and
fully twenty feet in front of these were spiral nets of barbed
wire fence. Back of the ditches at intervals of twenty feet were
mounted cannon and dynamite guns. Happily for us the sur-
render on the 14th of July made an attack upon such outworks
as these unnecessary.
For some distance along the outskirts of the city we found
company after company of Spanish soldiers, evidently receiving
froni large pots set in the middle of the road each his portion
of the morning's mess. This was the first visible evidence, though
by no means the last, that we were treating our enemies better
than we were treating ourselves.
272 Annual Report op the
In this " Andalusian " quarter, a sort of suburban entrance
to the city itself, where Spanish soldiers were housed on both
sides of the street for at least a mile, everj'thing was unclean
and untidy. The streets of the city itself had evidently been
recently swept, but evidences of filth abounded everywhere.
The city itself is built on a side hill sloping towards
the sea, surrounded on three sides by most beautifully ter-
raced hills graduating in the distance into mountains and
terminating on its western front in an attractive plaza
and wide promenade, extending for three miles in view of
the magnificent seemingly land-locked harbor. Had any atten-
tion been paid to sanitary arrangements, Santiago de Cuba would
be one of the cleanest cities in the world. We went right through
the principal street, " Euramadas," a narrow, poorly paved lane,
with sidewalks on each side, not two feet wide, flush with the
inner edge of which rose the stuccoed facades of continuous
buildings, the lowest windows of which were uniformly barred
and projected a few inches from the front forming a bay.
" Euramadas '' street terminated in the plaza almost directly in
front of the principal wharf. Reaching the wharf we found we
had walked a good six miles, three of which had been in the city
over the roughest kind of pavement, and along sidewalks in
wretched condition. All along the way Spanish ofdcers and
soldiers were most courteous, saluting us constantly and giving
other evidences of their good will. We went into a store-house
near the wharf, where we wei-e cordially received by Spanisli
merchants, who gave us at once a glass of deliciously cool claret,
for which we were most grateful. Here we learned that General
Shatter had forbidden the sale of liquors for three days, some
of our soldiers having gotten drunk and acted disgracefully on
State Historian. 273^
the occasion of their entrance. The Provost Guard was busy
about the streets looking up these delinquents. One of our sol-
diers was mean enough to pass a worthless one hundred dollar
($100) Confederate note upon a poor starving merchant. Acts
of debauch and depredation were committed by some of the sol-
diers, much to their discredit, and resulting in a needless depriva-
tion of pleasure and profit to many others. A general order wa?
issued on the 19th forbidding enlisted men to enter the city, and
allowing only such officers to do so who had passes from Division
Headquarters. It was delightful to see at the wharf, ships we
had been accustomed to see at Siboney. At one side was the
Red Cross Steamer, the " State of Texas," the first to enter the
harbor after the surrender, and on the other side the transport
" Concho," both discharging their cargoes. Several other trans-
ports, with their big numbers on their sides, lay further out in
the harbor. Crowds of starving people surged about the wharf
waiting to be fed. Thousands of indolent vagabond Cubans, and
less, but far more respectable looking Spaniards, made up the
motley mob begging for daily bread. Pity we thought before
we saw these, that some of the 1,400 tons of food sent for the
Cubans could not be given to our own troops now encamped be-
yond the trenches, surely as deserving and perhaps more needy
than" these reconcentradoes, or their recent merciless rulers ; but
after seeing these we agreed with Miss Barton, who said she
never could discriminate between men suffering for food. Know-
ing the condition of our own men, while agreeing with Miss Bar-
ton, the ministering angel in every war of the last half century,
we could but say: "May the United States authorities soon be
able to provide for the first great care of its army, and see that it
be properly fed."
IS
274 Annual Report of the
It must be confessed that while creditable to themselves, it
was far from creditable to the two departments of the Govern-
ment, the incompetency of which made it necessary on the first
possible entry to the city, for several commanding officers to stand
in the broiling sun on the dock at Santiago, beseeching the Eed
Oross Society to give them needed food, delicacies and medicines
for their sick soldiers. It was a great delight again to see Miss
Barton, Mr. George Kennan, Dr. Egan, Dr. and Mrs. Thurston
and others of the Eed Cross party. It was especially delightful
to talk a few moments with Mrs. John Addison Porter, who,
from her own purse, provided a liberal supply of medicines and
food for the sick of the Seventy-first. These, augmented by sev-
eral gifts from the Red Cross Society, with other supplies pur-
chased in the city we had carted to the camp by a donkey and a
little two-wheeled rig called an " Ulla," secured for us by the
kindness of the British Consul and costing us three dollars and a
half. Had the Government furnished us with reasonable trans-
portation, this expense, repeated at least fifteen times, would not
have been necessary.
A little thought will convince one that unpaid officers needed
to be fairly well suplied with funds to provide for themselves
uniforms, horses, wages of servants, their mess at all times, and
in addition such medicines and delicacies as they could not beg,
and then pay for their necessary transportation. All this is not
said by way of criticism, but as a plain statement of actual facts
made in the hope that out of past miserable blunders and mis-
takes success in the future may be organized.
A canteen of ice water let down from the side of " State of
Texas " was a veritable G6dsend, not one drop of ice water hav-
ing been tasted for a month. A liberal supply of cigars and
State Historian. 275-
cigarettes was purchased at the suggestion of severaj and after-
wards sold at cost in the camp. That it was quickly disposed of
shows how great was tlie need of this comfort. Tobacco has its
uses.
The walk back behind the donkey cart was so hot and fatiguing
that prickly heat resulted, to recover from the effects of which
two days' quiet and rest were necessary. The " Ulla " of the
Spanish driver and the frantic efforts of the poor little donkey
to get his load over the dreadful roads would have been amusing,,
were it not so distressing. These two days of quiet and rest
were spent chiefly in visiting the sick in the camp, writing letters-
to their relatives and friends and distributing such delicacies-
as tea and guava jelly ia small quantities among the invalids..
Articles like malted milk, beef bouillon, yellow meal, dried,
peaches, etc., etc., were, by Colonel's orders, given to the Sur-
geon for distribution among the sick. For several days now the
story continued, differing nothing daily, except that each day it
grew worse. Where there had been universal satisfaction and
contentment, now there were murmurings and homesickness-
among all. As long as there seemed any reason for remaining,
in Cuba, any fighting to do, or work to be done, no one thought
of leaving, or was there any grumbling of any account, no mat-
ter how short the rations, how wet the trenches, or how severe
the other hardships; but here time hung heavily, fever was in-
creasing daily more at the sick call. A pall came over the entire
camp, the entire community of camps, we may say. Volley firing
and taps were heard all too frequently among our neighbors,,
until finally orders were received not to fire the customary salutes
at the graves. At least one dozen died around us before death
visited us. Our record on the 23rd, here copied, reads briefly
276 Annual Repokt of the
thus : " Fever increasing, insuificient tentage, meagre food, clothes
tattered, several hatless, many bare-footed, at least a score with
trousers so rent and hanging upon their legs that it is well only
men are here. Major Bell, Chief Surgeon, sick, with tempera-
ture 106 degrees; Dr. Stafford, Assistant Surgeon, weak from
overwork, and working all the time. Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel
tmA one Major down with the fever. Everybody wanting to go
home. Nobody knowing when he can, ' things are growing
blue.' "
On the 24th we held Divine service at 10 a. m. and again at
7 p. m. Conditions made the service most reverent and earnest.
Our men did not lack courage, there was not one less than brave,
but everybody felt depressed. The few who were well had so
much work to do in the way of camp duty that attendance was
necessarily small. Every drop of water for drinking, cooking
and bathing had to be brought in canteens from a stream a mile
and a half distant. On the 25th of July the Commissary Depart-
ment began to show signs of improvement, and from this time
on, though nobody lived in luxury, those who were well had no
reason to complain of their food. How many were then sick
or afterwards became seriously sick from depletion, which an in-
creased food supply at this late day could not overcome, we shall
never know. During these most trying days, when men were
dying all about us, and our own were seriously ill, it was at least
an occasion for thanksgiving that though the dreadful fever called
"cailentura," Dangui, Cuban, or yellow fever — doctors did not seem
to know what it was and disagreed so among themselves that lay-
men had free field for guesswork — however distressing, it had
in our regiment as yet in no case proved fatal. On the 24th
Colonel Downs went into Santiago, and by strenuous efforts se-
State Historian. 277
«ured from our ship, the " Vigilancia," lying well out in the
harbor, some thirty tents. Orders were given for these to be used
by the sick. In a few instances these were made use of by offi-
cers. Those who criticised this seeming selfishness had the satis-
faction of seeing these officers sick in a very short time and the
original purpose of the tents practically fulfilled. The tempera-
ture each day was intense; walking in the sun from 10 a. m.
to 3 p. m. was both painful and unsafe. The thermometer ranged
from 110 to 123 degrees daily.
The sight at early sick call of men dragging themselves to the
Surgeon's headquarters was distressing, many, most indeed, of
the sick were entirely unable to leave their quarters. The whole
atmosphere was depressing. Nobody was well. Half were seri-
ously ill. All were homesick. Rumors were numerous and of all
kinds. It was necessary to buoy up the men with the hope that
soon we would leave and go to the States. All wished that they
might go home and longed to hear that peace was declared and
the end at hand. The Chaplain going daily to the Hospital and
frequently making the rounds of the sick tents in the company
quarters, witnessing the suffering and seeing the regiment con-
verted from a body of athletes into a command of hospital
patients, some without shelter, many without blankets or pon-
chos, all with clothing torn and underclothing dirty, many with
but one suit of such in their possession, none sumptuously fed,
and many poorly fed, felt like crying : " Usque ad Domine."
On the 25th mails began to arrive with more or less frequency
and to leave with some regularity for New York. This cheered
the men very much, indeed, though it was discouraging for us to
receive letters from home dated as late as July 10th, saying that
our friends had heard nothing from us since we left Tampa.
278 ' Annual Report of the
There seems to be difficulty in getting relief intended for us.
We hear constantly of boxes being sent to us from the States^
of large amounts of money haying been contributed to the Relief
Society of the Seventy-first in New York. Boxes have not reached
us at the time of writing, but one hundred dollars ($100) has
been received by Colonel Downs from the Seventy-first Regiment
Relief Society, and small amoi^nts from the personal friends of
offlcers, all of which has been used directly for the sick. It is
currently reported that the Seventy-first Relief Society con-
tributes through the agency of the Red Cross Society. Also that
the Red Cross Society has declined to receive money specifically
for the relief of any particular regiment. This being so, we re-
ceive the filtration of a general charity from the Red Cross
Society, which amounts to very little, so little that thus far, not-
withstanding urgent efforts, what we have received in provisions
and medicines has been out of all reasonable proportion to what
we know has been contributed in moneys by our friends at home
for our immediate relief. Blame is attached to nobody, to no
society, but these facts ought to have a satisfactory explanation.
Requisition was made for kahki suits for the regiment by
Quartermaster Stephens, at the suggestion of the Brigade Com-
mander, on the 25th of July. We were wait^g a week later with
some interest to see when we would get them. Meantime hatless
men were buying hats in Santiago, a gross injustice. The Govern-
ment ought to supply these and at once.
On the 20th the joyful news officially came to us that Spain
had sued for peace. On receiving the official notification the
Colonel shouted " Attention " to the Second Battalion, encamped
directly before him, and gave the news. As showing the depleted
condition of the men it was significant that a weak hurrah was
State Historian. 279
heard. It was to me singularly surprising that the news of what
is practically the reaching of the goal of all our endeavors and
sacrifices from the very beginning of this enterprise met with
such slight expression of enthusiasm; It is all to be explained
by the weakened and sad condition of our troops. We are at this
time, July 20th, practically a regiment of convalescents, and most
of us scarcely convalescent even. The Government ought to get
us out of these miasmic regions, and get us out soon, or we shall
lose many more from fever than we have lost hj bullets.
It is hard to make bricks without straw. The Government
supplies no transportation for our regiment, which practically
makes the whole Quartermaster Department a nullity. It ought
to be said that Quartermaster Stephens, when he had the facili-
ties for his work, did his work well. This is sufficient answer
to critics, who can always talk and scold, and will be so unrea-
sonable that they expect a man to perform miracles. All officers
did their best under most trying circumstances of serious illness
and depleted strength. Some were physically better to do tlieir
work than others. It is the peculiarity of some to think thaf
their work is the most important of all work done. Such will
always magnify their own work and minify others' work. They
will think that sick men ought to do the work of well ones, and
these when they are sick will whine like babies and want more
attention that King Charles' spaiiiels.
Experiences such as these we are going through develop char-
acters and test characters. We observe much that will never be
written, and find in the little amenites, or want of them, both
at mess and in quarters, sufficient to write a volume. The un-
written history of this dismal experience would, if ever revealed,
be startling.
280 Annual Ebport of the
It is gratifying under these circumstances and conditions that
try men's souls to see that most of the officers are considerate
of one another's feelings, and that those who are ever " seeking
their own " are rightly estimated at their true value. Added to
other diiJSculties at this trying time was the serious illness for
several days of our hostlers and several other servants whose
worth was appreciated the more as they were missed from ser-
vice. Nobody could be more faithful to duty than George, one
of the officers' servant, and Louis, the excellent chef, when there
was anything for the chef to cook. For days our horses wan-
dered about with none to look after or care for them. For days
no oats were provided for them, and there was nothing for them
to eat but grass, and none to lead them to water. Due more to
good luck than good management they took care of themselves,
and to the credit of their owners they returned each morning to
their quarters. Poor brutes ! How useful they have been ! What
would the regiment have done without them? They have carried
everything from canteens to ammunition, served as pack mules
on every possible occasion and supplied the lack of Government
service for transportation. All this not without severe galling
and a thinness of body pitiable to behold.
On the 20th the Chaplain went into Santiago and secured from
the Red Cross Society some condensed milk, malted milk and
rice for the sick. Returning in the evening he learned that
through the day there had died Sei'geant William D. S. Young,
of Company E, and Private Gus Grahn, of Company L, from
exhaustion, due to a severe attack of mountain fever. They
were buried at sundoAvn just west of the entrenchments and in
front of their company streets, a volley being fired three times
and taps sounded after the Chaplain had finished the brief ser-
State Historian. 281
vice of committal. The singing of one verse of tlie familiar
hymns " Jesus, Lover of My Soul " and " Nearer, My God, to
Thee" was particularly impressive and solemn. It was also
reported at this time that Private Williams, of Company L, had
died at the Yellow Fever Hospital; this report comes from one
of our men, a victim of yellow fever, now happily recovered and
returned to the regiment.
Among other senseless stories told by the careless press at
home come to-day a picture published in the World in which,
among the victims of the El Caney battle, the Ohaplain of the
regiment figures conspicuously in the center. Nobody in the regi-
ment feels really well at this time, but the Chaplain is furthest
removed from the condition of a corpse.
Invitation came this morning for the Chaplain to oflSciate at
the funeral of a private of the Seventh Regiment, but yellow fever
having broken out in that command Colonel Downs considered
it unwise for any risk to be taken that would be likely to add any-
thing to present misery.
Sunday, July 21, held Divine service and preached at 8.30;
good attendance, eighty (80), and then service at 6.30, conducted
by Mr. Barrett, an evangelist of Moody Institute, in charge of
Army Commission work in Cuba. Service of song attended by
about one hundred and fifty (150) men. Many men sick and well
ones tired doing so much detail and necessary work.
We are glad at last to be able to get the tent presented to the
regiment by our friends in New York from ike ship " Vigilancia "
and brought out to the camp. It will prove very valuable for our
convalescent and our well enlisted men.
Large numbers continue to be affected by fever. Sick re-
ports show a daily increase. It is reported that pay oflficers are
282 Annual Repoet op the
on the way here to pay the men for two months' service. The
men will be glad to see them.
Colonel Homer sent to the regiment a gift of five gross of
pipes from moneys collected by the Merchants' Central Club,
and General McAlpin and Messrs. Bemheimer sent five hundred
(500) pounds of tobacco, all of which was equally distributed
among the men and made them very happy.
Colonel Downs, Senior Colonel, is now in command of the
First Brigade — Sixth and Sixteenth Regulars and Seventy-first
New York Infantry — and Lieutenant-Colonel Smith is in com-
mand of the regiment.
We hear by mails arriving now pretty regularly from the
United States of packages and bundles coming to us by express
or mail and are anxiously waiting for them to arrive. It is
worthy of mention that at this time of serious need and trouble
the activity of Mr. Barrett in going almost daily to Santiago and
shopping for the men, doing various commissions for them, and
providing liberally of iced lemonade, water, limes and ice, which
he had to bring out from the city, freely dispensing note paper
and envelopes, giving his tent for well officers during the day and
sick ones at night, all the kindly ministrations that we receive
coming from the love of Christ constraining — now is the time
to put unbelief and fanciful theories of life to the test.
At this moment Christianity is the power back of every tender
ministration in this camp.
The large tent given^us by the Y. M. C. A. friends in New York
^ was brought out and erected for the use of enlisted men. Colonel
Smith, Sergeant Beatty and Private Rabing and others use it for
sleeping quarters. It is thus at last doing much good. The
State Historian. 283
regiment had thus far not been able to get hold of the tent, and
have not been hitherto in one place long enough to justify putting
it up. We appreciate very much the kindness of our friends in
giving us this tent and regret that hitherto we could not at any
time make use of it. At the present time there are in our camp
this large tent for general use of enlisted men, another large
tent, headquarters of Army Commission of Y. M. C. A., where
officers may assemble during the day, and in which several sleep
at night; another walled tent of good size brought by Mr. Bar-
rett and Mr. Brittain, and generously turned over by them for a
hospital at a time when we had not a tent other than little
shelter ones, except one that vas used by the Colonel and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel for their headquarters.
On Tuesday, August 2nd, Private William Cheevers, of Com-
pany P, was buried at 1.20 just beyond the entrenchments by the
side of Sergeant Young's grave. Sad as it is to lose any of our
men, it is an occasion for gratitude that with such distressing
fever and serious illness as we have had but four of our men have
died. In every instance of death in our regiment the Chaplain
notified the parents in New York of their son's death and ex-
pressed suitable sympathy on behalf of the regiment for those in
affliction. Sadder even than the loss of a son in battle is that
•death by illness after the battle.
On the afternoon of the 2nd of August we heard officially that
Spain had agreed to all the terms of peace imposed by the United
States and that a formal declaration of peace had been made, and
war ended. There were many doubters among us, and at first
«uch misgivings interfered with the exultation one might expect
from such an announcement. Gradually, however, the men came
284 Annual Ebport of the
to believe the truth of the message, and an improvement in the
tone and temper of the regiment at once ensued. Eumor has it
that General Sternberg, Senior Surgeon of the United States
Army, has arrived at Santiago and has ordered the whole corps
to leave this week. God grant it may prove true. Half of the
regiment is sick and all are homesick. Our men look years older.
They walk with measured gait and a lingering tread. They feel
the injustice of keeping them here in rain and mud, half covered,,
miserably clothed and wretchedly uncomfortable. Some kahki
coats came a week ago, the trousers are in Santiago. Many men
are wearing trousers so torn that it would not be decent for a.
woman to visit the camp. Yet the Quartermaster sits here day
after day doing absolutely nothing, all because the United States
Government does not supply wagons and mules. He is incapable
of bringing the clothes to us. Why the regiment does not have
conveyances as the Y. M. C. A. does and bring out needed things,
men naturally ask, and keep asking, and nobody gives a satisfac-
tory answer. The regiment that looks out for itself, at its own
expense, fares fairly well and others do not.
The Chaplain visits the General Hospital tents twice daily,
and the seriously ill ones more frequently, and three times a week
goes the entire length of the entrenchments visiting the sick in
walled tents, which have now been erected in every street. One
at home can never know the slippery, slimy condition of the land
about here and how difficult it is to move from place to place.
There is everything here to make life miserable. Whatever a
good Lord intends to work out of this wretched experience, we
trust devotedly and pray earnestly that it may speedily be
wrought, then what is left of us be quickly delivered from it all.
State Historian. 28&
General Ludlow said a day or two since that, speaking as a.
military student, never have troops in any campaign been called
upon to work harder, fight under more disadvantageous condi-
tions and endure more strain, sickness, hardship and fatigue than
ours in this since they landed in Cuba. If this be so, we may
safely say never has any National Guard regiment been called
upon to endure a three months' struggle like this the Seventy-
first has had from the day it entered Camp Black. The more we
think of it the more positive we are that in every work it has
been called upon to do the Seventy-first has acquitted itself most
creditably and earned its title of gallant and hrave. Never was
it more brave or gallant than now, facing fever and waiting,
waiting, waiting to go home.
Among other and many acts of kindness shown us and neighbor-
ing regiments, especially us, may be mentioned the bringing to-
ns in two donkey carts hired for the purpose from Santiago two
large casks of water, in which were placed two large pieces of
artificial ice and limes and sugar enough to give a . generous
quantity of excellent lemonade to all the boys. It was really
pathetic to see the well ones line up with cups in hand and
messengers with extra cups of the sick to take them some of the
coveted beverage. Men of the Sixth and Sixteenth who are
brigaded with us and encamped at our right further along the
entrenchments came over and tried to get a little for their
parched throats. We did all we could to supply them, also
remembering the Sixteenth on the following morning, when addi-
tional gifts of tobacco and parcels came from the Relief Society
and the Seventy-first Aid Society of the Bronx Borough, which
were then duly distributed.
"286 Annual Report ov the
The welcome news that we were soon to get out of this dread-
fully malarial place came on the morning of the 4th of August,
"When upon the proclamation by the Colonel that General Shatter
liad been directed by authorities at Washington to remove all
the troops to the United States as soon as transportation could
l»e provided, was received by a cheer and the singing of the long
metre Doxology by the men then assembled in front of the
Y. M. C. A. tent. This tent is used by the officers and the other
tent, exclusively the property of the regiment, is used now very
generally by the enlisted men.
Rations are now beginning to be very good, fresh and ex-
<;ellent beef and bread proving very acceptable. Less at sick call.
Things are beginning to look up for us, though many still are
sick, very sick, with fever, and most of our men who are sick
lie on ponchos on the ground, and are wet whenever it rains,
"which, with rarest exception, is once daily and frequently twice.
If friends at home could only see the happy faces of soldiers
"when gifts are received from home, they would feel amply repaid
for all their interest and trouble taken.
There never was any time when our hospital tents were suflS-
-cient to care for all of our seriously sick men, nor a time when
every sick man in the Hospital could have a cot. Most of the
time the sick slept on the ground, some of them without ponchos
under them, and on several occasions without even a blanket to
throw over a man perishing with a prolonged chill.
The Quartermaster can testify that it was impossible for a
time, and too long a time, to procure necessary ponchos and
l)lankets for sick men. Things were at their worst when our
Surgeon, Bell, was stricken with fever, and for several days lay
State Historian. 287
with a dangerously high temperature, under a little shelter tent,
and miserably cared for, try as we might to do our very best to
care for him.
It is especially creditable to Dr. Eugene Staflford, who at this
time was himself far from well, that, contrary to good judg-
ment, he persisted in ministering all day and night to the needs
of our sick soldiers.
Finally it became necessary to request that our Second Assist-
ant Surgeon, Dr. James Stafford, who had been detailed to serve
with the Fourth Regular Infantry before we landed at Siboney,
be returned to the Seventy-first, where he belonged. At once on
returning to us he worked assiduously and successfully for the
good of our men.
News of other regiments leaving for the north made us anxious'
for our orders to move.
Subsequently we learned that it was due wholly to a round-
robin letter, signed by several of our Generals, urging the Gov-
ernment to return the soldiers to their homes in the States, or
rather to camps in the States for necessary recuperation, that
Surgeon-General Sternberg and General Alger, Secretary of War,,
had decided to have us removed to Montauk Point, Long Island.
We also learned that General Sternberg had at first advised
that the troops remain in Cuba until fever had wholly dis-
appeared.
It would not have been pleasant for General Sternberg to visit
the camps after this report became generally known and believed.
The character and strong language of a telegram, prepared
to be sent to Senator Piatt, of New York, and signed by most
of the offlcers of the Seventy-first Regiment, afterwards recalled
288 ANjN'VrAL EePORT OF THE
when news came that we were soon to be removed to Montauk,
-are proofs of the general impression at this time that longer to
keep the troops in Cuba .would be a heartless and merciless
destruction of valuable lives.
Divine services were held on August 7th in the regiment
Y. M. C. A. tent, the Chaplain administering the Holy Com-
munion at 8 o'clock to a goodly number under circumstances
that made the simplicity and ruggedness of the service peculiarly
impressive. All who stood about in the mud, unable really to
ineel, and received the Blessed Sacrament at this service will
recall the solemnity of which we speak, but can never really
in detail adequately describe. Again at 10 o'clock the Chaplain
held a brief service and preached from Ephes. IV, 32, to a good
congregation, though absent ones, too sick to attend, were so
numerous that the attendance seemed unusually slim. Several
officers and men of adjoining regiments attended this service.
Another brief service of song was held in the early evening.
About 6 o'clock p. m. there passed through our camp the Sixtn
Regiment on their way to Santiago and Montauk, the few men
of our regiment who were able going to the road and cheering
them as they marched along the way. Everyone now was on the
qui vwe waiting for orders to leave camp, the sick especially
distressed and anxious about the possible inability to accompany
the regiment home.
On Monday, August 8th, the long expected orders came,
happily for those who were to go, disappointing for those who
' liad to remain.
The order was for the Second Battalion and two companies
of the Third Battalion, B and L, to leave camp that afternoon
-and march into Santiago, there taking transport for Montauk.
State Historian. 289
Major Wood, Division Surgeon, came into camp about noon,
examined the sick and designated about one hundred and fifty
who were too ill to leave and must remain to get well. Theit
disappointment was keen, but most of them, with the promise
and expectation of speedy release, bore up very bravely.
A few too ill to march by some means succeeded in securing
permission to leave with this first detachment, and some of them
with some others, who were supposed to be well, were obliged to
go to hospital in Santiago, being too ill when they*got there to
proceed further on their journey.
On arriving at Santiago it was necessary to detail men to
unload the wagons, to put all needed rations on board lighters
and to transport these again to the ship " La Grande Duchesse,"
lying in the harbor a full mile from the main wharf.
Company M was detailed to this duty. It was sad to see
these men, none well, some too sick to work at all, all of them
weak and wretched, labor until midnight putting boxes and goods
on a car, running this hand-car down the long pier, unloading
and carrying to a lighter, and again putting these goods, long
after midnight, aboard the transport.
There was not a man among them really able to do this work.
It was pitiable to see them urged on to almost impossible and
inhuman tasks by superior oflflcers, who must have regretted to
speak as they did in order to make their men do the work they
required. Due to defective machinery, want of coal and other
necessary equipment the ship never sailed until the morning of
the 10th; then at 6 o'clock the ship passed out of the harbor,
sailing with a Spanish pilot, passed the "Merrimac" and the
« Beina Mercedes," sunk in the harbor, and the " Morro," from
which flew to the breeze " Old Glory," while our band, that of
19
290 Annual Report op the
the Sixteenth Regular Infantry, which accompanied us, played
appropriate martial airs, and we swung into the blue Carribean.
Nothing of note occurred until off Hatteras, when machinery
broke down and we ^vere obliged to lay to for some fourteen
hours for repairs.
The voyage was slow and uneventful enough, save that sick-
ness among the troops seemed to increase with each day's voyage,
and before the light off Shinnecock was sighted, indicating that
our voyage was nearing its end, three of our men had died.
Private Babbitt, of Company M, died of dysentery, conse-
quent upon an attack of fever and was buried at sea Saturday,
the 13th instant, at noon. Chaplain Bateman, of the Sixteenth
Regular Infantry, assisted the Chaplain of the Seventy-first,
who read the church service for a burial at sea. Solemn, indeed,
was the service and especially the committal, when, with the
Colonel and other officers standing beside the Chaplains, and
soldiers all about, the board on which the body rested was raised
and the earthy remains of a dear comrade were heard to strike
the water, which at once closed over their treasure, now in the
watery grave.
Private Gustav C. Schutz, of Company L, died of fever the fol-
lowing day and was buried at sea in a similar manner on Sunday,
the 14th.
Just as evening came on there passed away Private Fred
Engels, of Company F, whose body, at the earnest request of the
Chaplain, was allowed to remain on deck until we landed, when
it was interred at Montauk, and subsequently was removed by
his family to New York.
When we arrived at Fort Pond Bay, within the hook of Mon-
tauk Point, at 4 p. m., on Tuesday, the loth of August, we
State Historian. 291
learned that both the other detachments of our regiment, which
had sailed after we did in two separate transports, had already
arrived and had been transferred to detention camps.
All troops went, upon landin'g, to the detention camps, where,
after a stay of four to ten days, those then well were removed
to permanent encampments and allowed reasonable freedom.
Strictest quarantine regulations were imposed upon those
among whom, upon their arrival, yellow fever was discovered.
Our Surgeons reported two cases of death fro|n yellow fever
during the voyage and several suspects aboard, which report
was confirmed by the inspection of the quarantine ofBcers. We
were then obliged to ship to the detention hospital on shore all
of our sick, some two hundred, and all the others of us remained
until Thursday, when each individual was obliged to leave all
his belongings, pass on to one of Starin's barges, go below,
, strip, pass to a smaller steamer, be bathed, fumigated, blanketed
and then aboard still another boat, where new outfit, including
hat and shoes, were supplied. After all had undergone this
operation, at about 5 o'clock, we marched a full two miles over
the hills to the detention camp and then turned in for the night,
feeling pretty hungry and forlorn and thankful, notwithstanding
that once again we were in God's own country and nearly at. home.
Fortunately for the ofiScers Mrs. Downs had thoughtfully sent
one hundred sandwiches and a can of milk to the camp by the
ambulance, which was utilized to bring a few officers, not actu-
ally sick, but too weak to walk.
It was fully twenty-four hours before the Government supply
of provisions was sufficient for our needs, and even then and
until we left this camp, on Monday, we had not a knife, fork,
spoon or cup with which to eat our food.
292 Annual Eeport of the
Extemporizing these instruments by the aid of sticks, pocket
knives, cork screws and condensed milk cans we managed to get
on, though as late as the following Monday noon the Chaplain
recalls doing the best he could pulling a beefsteak apart with
his cork screw and drinking his coffee from an old tin can found
in the grass about the camp.
On Sunday, rations being short, the CoJonel detailed the
Chaplain to see what he could do to secure something from the
Red Cross friends. He went to the station with the Quarter-
master of the regiment and that of the brigade, neither of whom
was able to secure either transportation or supplies.
The Chaplain was, however, kindly met and assisted by Cap-
tain Guilfoyle, in charge of affairs at the landing, who ordered
a mule team, wagon and driver to go wherever the Chaplain
directed.
The Bed Cross supply tent being at the General Hospital,
the Chaplain mounted the box with the mule driver and went,
there, some two miles over the hills, where, presenting to the
Superintendent' a letter just received from Mr. Cleveland H.
Dodge, intimating that the request of the Seventy-first Chaplain
would be at once honored with a liberal supply of needed food;
a most liberal answer to the request was at once granted.
This addition to our meagre rations made all the officers
feel better. Prom this time on whatever were the occasions
for complaint not one could be lodged against the food.
While in detention camp it was not so easy for express pack-
ages to be received, but the moment we were in the permanent
camp we were all in constant receipt of boxes from home, and
supplied with every needed delicacy.
At least such was true of the well in the camps, and the sick
in the hospitals. Such as were sick in camp and not sick enough
perhaps to be sent to the hospital, or owing to its crowded condi-
State Historian. 293
tion could not be received there, did not fare so well, for, though
none were starved, none could receive needed delicacies nor have
food properly prepared for sick men to eat it. These also suf-
fered from insufficient covering for the cold nights at Montauk at
the end of August, and not one of them had anything better
than a thin rubber poncho stretched out upon the ground to
lie on.
The Chaplain went to the General Hospital on Saturday,
crossing but a short distance from the detention camp, and
offered his services there among the sick. He was told to i-eturn
at once to the camp of detention, that Chaplain Bateman, of the
Sixteenth BegTilar Infantry, and Father Hart, a Roman Catholic
Regular Army Chaplain, with whom at Division Hospital Chap-
lain Van Dewater had had most pleasant relations in the work
of ministering to the wounded and burying the dead, were ap-
pointed to serve as Chaplains in the General Hospital at Mon-
tauk Poioat.
On Sunday afternoon, the 21st of August, Colonel MacArthur
came to our detention camp and paid such as were there for ser-
vices rendered to the State of New York from May 2nd to May
10th at Camp ^IJlack.
With the exception of money received at Tampa Heights from
the United States Government for our services from May 10th
to June 1st, this is the only money, which, to this time, anyone
in the regiment had received.
One had to be well provided with personal funds and while
in Santiago have banking facilities to provide for personal
needs or to give needed fiscal assistance to the men of the regi-
ment.
How, in the face of these facts, several commanding officers
of regiments requested that men should not be paid in Santiago,
it is difficult to understand.
294 Annual Report of the
Indeed, it is questionable whether when soldiers have done
their work, their oflScers should have tJie right to treat them like
children, and, by pr<)flfering a request, withhold from them their
due.
On Monday, the 22nd of August, our detachment removed from
its detention camp by orders from headquarters to the permanent
camp at the extreme right by Port Pond Bay.
The order was received at 2 p. m., and by 6 o'clock all were
removed, with everything of the outfit.
Here we found the rest of the regiment which had come to
Montauk in two ^detachments, neither of which had been obliged
to undergo quarantine fumigation, and so had avoided several
days' delay.
Furloughs had already begun to be liberally granted, and
many men had gone home. Not over ten men remained in Com-
pany A, for example, and these had been retained merely for
camp duty.
The newspapers in the city had been making such ado about
the inefficient management of Camp Wikoff, especially of its
hospitals, that the military authorities were doing all they could
to get soldiers away and to their homes.
The volunteers receiving so much from friends in New York
and vicinity fared better than regulars, who at once made their
wants known, whining not a little their complaints, and very
soon they, too, were the recipients of so many delicacies and
dainties that tents everywhere looked as if their occupant kept
stands outside a county fair.
Well men at Camp Wikoff after August 22nd had no reason
to complain.
State Historian. 295
General Wheeler kindly sent a leave of absence of thirty days
to Chaplain Van Dewater, whose summer home was at Quogue,
nearby, and he left on the 24th, returning on the 28th, spending
the day visiting the sick, both in hospitals and at camp, and
judiciously distributing aid to worthy and needy men. Thanks
are here tendered to those individuals and organizations who
made such distribution possible, and did much good work where
good was much needed.
General Edwin A. McAlpin and other Seventy-first veterans
visited the camp on Sunday, the 28th, to make final arrangements
for the great parade which had been ordered to take place in
New York on the following day.
At this time there came to the camp, August 24th, the two com-
panies which had been recruited through the summer according
to orders received from Washington, or rather the two hundred
(200) men to bring the twelve companies up to the standard
number of one hundred each. These recruits had been encamped
at Camp Black, near Hempstead, and under the command of
Captain Stoddard, who had been sent from Tampa to enlist
them, and Lieutenant Frederick Kopper, formerly a Colonel of
the Seventy-first Eegiment, N. G. N. Y., who had enlisted in June
and taken a commission from Governor Black as First Lieuten-
ant, Company M, by recommendation of our then retiring Colonel
Greene.
These recruits were very welcome and did excellent work in
the camp, saving the strength of the sick and those who said
they were well, but were too exhausted to do much work.
These recruits were a fine looking body of men, and had they
ever been summoned to do duty in Cuba, would have acquitted
themselves creditably.
296 Annual Report of the
Comparison between the physical appearance of these and
these who had come from Cuba, worn and depleted, yellow and
haggard most of them, was pitiable and distressing.
As transports were continually arriving at Montauk with
troops from Santiago, those of the sick of the Seventy-first which
we were obliged to leave behind in hospitals as fast as they re-
. covered sailed for Camp Wikofif .
Alas, that with the messages of such arriving there came also
the news of many, who, succumbing to the illness, had died on
foreign shores.
We have spoken of the diiflculty of securing at any time an
accurate list of killed and wounded. Greater still was the diffi-
culty of securing an accurate list of those who had died from
wounds or from fever.
A small portion of the regiment, some thirty, was left in Tampa
to guard property, left there by orders from superior officers.
Some of our sick were in Camp Wikoff, some at Siboney
Hospital, some in the yellow fever camp at Firmeza, some in
the hospital at San Juan Heights, some in Santiago City Hos-
pital, some in the General and a few in the detention hospitals
at Montauk, and a large number had been furloughed to go to
their homes to recover from their illness. Daily we heard of
deaths occurring in one or in all of these places, and no doubt
some occurred, reports of which we would not receive for several
weeks; add to this a few of our regiment who were detailed to
serve in various capacities in other regiments, some of them still
in Santiago, and it will be easily seen that the difficulty was
great to secure at any time anything like an accurate list of our
dead.
State Historian. 297
At 4 o'clock of the morning of the 29th of August reveille was
sounded, the regiment breakfasted, all things were made ready,
and the march was made of such of the Seventy-flrst as were able
to return to New York to the station of the Long Island Railroad
at Montauk, where, after considerable delay, a train was made
up specially to convey the regiment to Long Island City.
But few stops were made along the route, and at every one
friends were assembled in large numbers, with milk and cakes
and fruit in abundance, which were most generously distributed.
At last the train pulled into the terminus yard'at Long Island
City at half after 11 o'clock.
Here some sick men were removed to ambulances and several
were conveyed to the ferry boat by litter carriers.
There were here to meet us Colonel Francis, of the One Hun-
dred and Seventy-flrst, with his new regimental oflflcers, an excel-
lent looking body of sturdy men, beautifully arrayed in new and
shining uniforms, who were to act as our escort on the further
journey homeward and parade to the armory.
A large committee of the Veteran Association of the Seventy-
first was also here to greet us, among whom are quickly perceived
such eminent officers and Civil war veterans as Colonel Homer,
Colonel Conkling, General McAlpiu and Adjutant Hamilton
Pride and many other worthies of " Ye Olden Tyme," who, if not
as high in rank as these, were equally high in worth.
The ferry boat " Flushing " conveyed the regiment, with their
escorts, to the foot of Whitehall street. All along the route
there were continuous shouts of welcome from the shores, and
other vessels in the river, the shrill whistles of tugs and the
sirens of pleasure craft, and it seemed that from every available
298 Annual Report of the
spot on docks or upon buildings crowds had gathered to do us
honor and give us a royal welcome.
As we passed under Brooklyn bridge we saw that all trains
had stopped, traific had ceased and upon the footpath were thou-
sands frantically waving flags and shouting joyously their
plaudits of praise.
The veterans had thoughtfully provided a generous luncheon
for us while we sailed down the river, but even with this added
strength the returning Cuban troops were not strong enough to
withstand the effects of such a magnificent welcome as they re-
ceived all along the route from Montauk, and especially upon
the East river, in the journey from Long Island City to White-
hall street ferry.
Tears filled most eyes and some actually wept for joy.
As the boat came into the slip the body of Seventy-first vete-
rans were seen on the wharf and directly in front of us stood
our regimental band, second to none, led by its incomparable
leader, Professor Fanciulli, playing " Home, Sweet Home."
Words can never describe the feelings of our Cuban soldiers
of the Seventy-first at this moment. If there was one man among
them who did not shed a tear, there must have been
"A soul so dead
That never to itself had said
This is my own, my native Land."
After a little delay in seating the field and staff officers in
carriages and placing company ofQcers and men in cable cars
the parade began.
The pi'ogress up Whitehall street and along Broadway to
Waverly place was impeded by the crowds of people who filled the
State Historian. 299
streets at every step of the journey. Besides these, the sidewalks,
every window and roof of every building along the entire dis-
tance were filled with people. Bunting waved everywhere.
Streamers of telegraph and ticker machines stretched in pro-
fusion from roof to street in front of several buildings, notably
the Exchanges and the Western Union Telegraph Company. Old
Trinity rang its chimes. Cheering was incessant. It seemed to
us that there never could have been such a reception in New
York city as this. The spontaneity and heartiness of this welcome
proved its sincerity.
The sad note in the joyous refrain was that of sympathy for
the weak, wan, sad, yellow faces of the sick and what these signs
stood for.
At times as the procession moved along the sudden change
of joyous cheers to something like a suppressed sob by the on-
lookers was painfully apparent.
The regiment left New York oyer 1,000 strong, a regiment of
magnificent, healthy looking athletes. It paraded on its return
less than 350 men, and of these not fifty who could say they had
not been seriously ill or that at the prraent time they were
wholly well. Where were the others? Those not dead were
almost all sick, either in hospitals all over the country or on
furloughs at their homes.
For weeks there was not a day when the papers did not record
at least one dead of the Seventy-first, and on many of these days
as many as six of the Seventy-first, who, in various places, had
ceased to be among the living.
For any adequate description of the parade of the Seventy-
first, which parade, technically speaking, began at the Washing-
ton arch and ended at the armory, corner of Thirty-fourth street
300 Annual Eepoet of the
and Park aventie, the newspapers of the following day must he
eonsixltedy though even these, their writers will confess, are
wholly inadefquate to portray the memorable march and its ac-
companying scenes.
It will not be expected that the one detailed to write this his-
tory, who in this procession rode in the first carriage with the
Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel and the Adjutant, and in the parade
marched behind the Colonel with the staff (there were but three
staff officers in the parade), will be able to describe whalt took
place behind him.
From the moment that the Colonel gave orders to march and
the band struck up its martial music to the tune of " Way Down
South in Dixie" to the time of the arrival at the armory there
was a continued ovation from thousands. Frequent halts were
made for the benefit of the "weak ones marching and those unable
to march rode in carriages provided for them.
The escort of the Civil War veterans was most agreeable to
us, and very gracious in them, and added a feature to the parade,
at once unique and universally gratifying.
Adjutant Pride, the well-known Adjutant of Colonel Henry P.
Martin, Colonel of the Seventy-first in 1861, marched the entire
distance, and won plaudits of recognition and approval by his
military bearing and attention to every detail of the parade. No
less conspicuous were the other veterans, whose presence and
carriage seemed like an approving benediction from worthies of
the past. All who knew the past history of the Seventy-first,
and especially those who had the pleasure and advantage of a
personal acquaintance with the Civil War Colonel Martin, were
pained to hear that he was too ill to be present at any of the
exercises of the day. This pain was intensified when they learned
State Historian. 301
that the occasion of this illness was a severe cold caught a few
days previous when the dear old veteran commander had jour-
neyed all the way to Montauk, and not without much fatigue and
exposure had visited his grandchildren assembled in (sunp there
on their return from the campaign in Cuba.
After the ceremonies were over at the Armory the Chaplain!
went at once to Brooklyn to see Colonel Martin, whom he found
suflfering great pain from an acute trouble, but who at once arose
and participated eagerly in a conversation that turned exclusiveliy
upon the experiences of the gallant Seventy-fiTst.
This great day of the regiment's return to its home and parade
in New York had not been complete without this oflScial visit
to the one man living, to whom more than to any other, the
Seventy-first owes its worth and greatness.
Let the gallant command ever remember that nothing of glory
in the living present ought for one moment to eclipse the great-
ness of its worthy past.
The " American Guard," the motto of which reads " Pro Avis
Elpro Focis/' has ever proved faithful to its ideal, and first,
last and all the time has been ready for service whenever called
upon to render it. All who in any way have contributed to the
uncommon glory conceded to the command have been honored, and
no less those who served it years ago than they who in the present
day are considered active members.
When finally the armory was reached the applause was deafen-
ing; added to the hurrahs of the multitudes in the streets, upon
the sidewalks and steps, in the windows and upon the roofs
of the houses and hotels, were the booming of the cannon fired
as salute and the music of the band playing " Home, Sweet
Home " as the troops marched within the walls of their official
home.
302 Annual Eepokt of the
Formation having been made upon the armory floor, Ck)lonel
Downs made a brief and appropriate address to the raiment,
apologizing for keeping the men even a few moments from the
arms and welcome of dear ones, expressing the sentiments appro-
priate to the occasion and reminding them, as prayer was offered
when they left the armory to undertake their duties as volunteers,
praise would now be appropriate, and called upon Chaplain
Van Dewater to give thanks to God for His mercies. Scarcely
had the brief words of thanksgiving been uttered when the band
played " Old Hundred," and the words " Praise God, from Whom
All Blessings Flow " were sung by those who felt the force of
every word they uttered, as seemingly they had never felt it
before.
The armory floor and galleries were filled with relatives and
friends of the returning soldiers, who were at once personally
received with a cordiality, in some instances mingled with an
untold sorrow, as the weakened forms and sickened faces told
the story of severe suffering and wasted strength.
The Women's Aid Society, composed chiefly of the wives and
sisters of the soldiers, was soon busily engaged in giving hearty
refreshments to the troops.
After an hour or so of much rejoicing and feasting Colonel
Downs formally announced that the Seventy-first Regiment was
now on leave for sixty days, and was ordered to reassemble at
Camp Black on the 26th of October for muster-out of the United
States volunteer service.
On the 25th of October the Chaplain received a communication
from a Greenport, L. I., undertaker, saying that the following
dead of the Seventy-first were then lying buried at Montauk
State Historian. 303
(Camp WikoflE), and asking for addresses of relatives, if pos-
sible, that he might comiaunicate with them regarding removal
of the remains. He was referred to Major Abeel at the armory,
Thirty-fourth street and Park avenue, New York city,, viz. :
Edward Pflster, Company E, died August 28th.
Frank E. Rouse, Company K, died August 15th.
Ebbe Ebberson, Company L, died September 10th.
On the evening of the 26th of October Messrs. Hawk and
Wetherbee, of the New Manhattan Hotel, gave a dinner to the
ofQcers of the regiment, most all of whom assembled at 8 o'clock
and sat down to a richly furnished and well-decorated table. At
the right of Colonel Downs, who presided, sat Colonel Francis,
of the One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment, and at the left
of the presiding oflacer was Captain Lloyd M. Brett, of the Third
United States Cavalry, detailed as the mustering-out officer of the
Seventy-first Regiment. Beautiful orchestral music added to the
enjoyment of the occasion.
After the coffee was served the Colonel of the Seventy-first made
a happy address, which was followed by a speech from Mr. Hawk,
who expressed satisfaction in being able to execute a cherished
idea through the summer to give the Seventy-first officers a sup-
per on their return. Speeches were made by several officers, all
bearing upon the common experiences of the summer, the mutual
affection ofiScers had for one another and the prospects of re-
organization of the regiment as a part of the State's National
Guard. A toast was drunk in silence to the memory of Lieuten-
ants Longson and Roberts, who died in the service.
On the morning of the 27th of October the regiment assembled
at 9 o'clock in the armory, and at once examination of the men
was begun by battalions. This process continued for days, the
304 Annual Report of the /
/
final muster-out not taking place until all had been examined
and all records duly passed upon and certified as correct.
On the 3rd of November those who wished to vote voted at the
armory for city, county and State officers, orders having been
received for the members of the regiment to vote as in time of war.
On the 14th of November the regiment assembled in the armory,
numbering, with the two companies of new recruits, which had
been recruited by Captain Stoddard and were encamped first at
Camp Black and subsequently for a brief period at Montauk
Point, about 900 men. The work of mustering out, paying the
men and giving to them their discharge papers was then begun
and continued until the last man was discharged. Thus ended
the service of the Seventy-first Regiment Infantry, New York
Volunteers.
Much might be said in concluding this history, writing and
compiling which has been a labor of love by the Chaplain, to
express the feelings of those who now for more than six months
have been in the service of the United States volunteer army.
This may be said, and perhaps it is enough to say :
The Seventy-first Regiment, New York Volunteers, in the war
with Spain enlisted promptly, recruited quickly, went to the seat
of war rapidly and in a patriotic, devoted spirit, did every duty
assigned to it cheerfully, obeyed orders implicitly, fought
valiantly, suffered heroically and now retires from active service
with becoming modesty, confident that it has served its State and
country well.
FINIS.
, State Historian. 305
subscription.
Colonel Wallace A. Downs, Commanding 71st Regiment, N. Y.
Vol. Infty. :
Dear Colonel. — I herewith submit to you the itinerary or his-
tory of the Seventy-first Regiment during its time of service in
the United States volunteer army for the war with Spain, to
prepare which you detailed me while on transport " Vigilancia "
on our way to Cuba.
There have been great diflSculties in writing ^ connected his-
tory and in keeping an itinerary for subsequent copy.
The book had to be left on the transport when we landed on
the enemy's country. Carrying nothing but a haversack, it" was
impossible to h«,ve much paper at hand and difficult to preserve
the written copy upon separate sheets. Some of these were lost.
It was very difficult at all times to write, and sometimes separ-
ated from the regiment to do detailed duty at hospitals I could
not describe what was taking place elsewhere. I have tried to
do a difficult task the best I could under the circumstnnces. I
now submit the result to you, as we are severing the ties of
aflEectionate and mutual service in the United States' war with
Spain.
In doing this, jpermit me to express my devoted appreciation
of you as a man and a soldier, and to thank you for many acts
of kindness without which war would have been for me more of a
hell than it was.
I am, dear Colonel and friend, yours affectionately,
(Signed) GEO. R. VAlf DEWATER,
Captain and Chaplain 71st Regt., N. Y. Vols.
20
306 Annual Report of the
GALLANTEY OF A NEW YOEK NAVAL OFFICER.
THE GLOUCESTER AND THE PUERTO RICAN CAMPAIGN.
The expedition to Puerto Rico under General Miles was de-
signed to land at Cape. San Juan, but on the 2d:th of July it was
determined to change the landing to Guanica. Captain Higgin-
son, Commander of the Naval Convoy, in his report to Admiral
Sampson, says:
* * * "I proceeded with the convoy through the Mona
Passage and arrived off Port Guanica at 5.20 a. m., July 25th, and
standing in with the Gloucester in advance came to an anchor
at 8.45 a. m.
" Finding no batteries bearing on the entrance, the Gloucester
approached the mouth of the harbor, and Lieutenant-Commander
Wainwright asked permission to enter. This I granted with some
hesitation, not knowing, of course, what mines or torpedoes
might be in the channel — and knowing that I would be power-
less to render the Gloucester any assistance after she had pene-
trated the harbor and was lost to sight." (Captain Higginson's
ship drew too much water to enter Guanica Harbor.)
Prom " The Log of the Gloucester " we learn that between
5.30 and 8 a. m. the Massachusetts — Captain Higginson's
ship — wigwagged to Gloucester : " Do you see any signs of a
fortification?"
Answer : " No. See Spanish flag on warehouse."
Between 8 a. m. and noon Wainwright signaled to Massa-
chusetts: "Shall I go in?"
Answered : " Yes, you can try it."
"At 9 a. m. entered harbor in advance of the fleet. Lieutenant
H. P. Huse and Lieutenant T. C. Wood went ashore with an
State Historian. 307
armed boat's crew, lowered the Spanish flag and hoisted oura.
The men aboard ship cheered to see our flag ashore. Almost
immediately after this a rapid firing of rifles was heard, and we
became aware that our men had been attacked; many rifle bul-
lets struck the w^ater alongside us and went singing past. Lieu-
tenant Huse hailed U8_ requesting us to fire over him. Lieutenant
Huse signaled that 250 men were needed to hold the place.
Another armed boat was sent in charge of Lieutenant Norman
and Assistant Engineer Procter, and by this time some boats
of the Massachusetts had entered the harbor. Lieutenant Huse
returned with landing party, having left Lieutenant Wood on
shore with the Colt gun, at request of General Gilmore, U. S. A.
"After our work was done General Miles came on board and
complimented Captain Wainwright." (.Log of the Gloucester.)
" Large sugar lighters were captured by the Gloucester, which
were of great importance in landing men and supplies from the
army transports. The only reference to this service in the
Gloucester's Log is the modest entry : " July 26th, 4 to 8 a. m.,
transports with boats from the Massachusetts and lighters se-
cured by us busily engaged in landing men and stores."
In his official report on the capture of Guanica, Lieutenant-
Commander Wainwright says:
• * * " We entered the harbor by permission of the Senior
Officer present and fired at some fleeing troops, then landed a
party to seize the available landing places and prevent the
destruction of lighters.
" Reinforcements were discovered coming from Yauco, but were
driven by fire from this vessel.
" The army transports came in sight with launches and boats
from the vessels in the outer harbor. At my request Colonel
SOS Annual Report of the
Black immediately landed a portion of his Engineer Battalion,
and the village was tui'ned over to the army.
" General Miles visited the Gloucester and thanked us for the
services rendered.
" The landing party was well handled by Lieutenant Huse and
the men behaved extremely well, particularly when it is remem-
bered that it was their first experience on shore.^'
Lieutenant Huse, in his report to Captain Wainwright, saysr
" The force under my command consisted of 28 men, embarked
in the cutter. * * »
" The Spanish flag was hauled down and our colors hoisted in
its place.
" This drew the enemy's fire, who opened from the underbrush
on the right flank, and from about three hundred yards' dis-
tance on the highway. • » »
" From a countryman, the only man in the village, I Jearned
that we were opposed by thirty regulars and that reinforcements
were momentarily expected from Yauco, about four miles
distant.
" I signaled to you for reinforcements and pushed forward our
center along the highway. « • ♦
"At the northern limit of the village we built a wall across the
Iiighway and placed there the new Colt gun you had sent ashore.
" We also strung two barbed wire fences fifty and one hundred
yards to the front across the road. Meanwhile a boat under the
command of Assistant Engineer Procter was engaged in cutting
out a large lighter, which came into immediate use in landing
troops.
"About this time the Gloucester opened fire from her three-
pounders and six-pounders, and the enemy retreated. A few
State Historian. 309
minutes later the first contingent of the regular army, Colonel
Black's Regiment of Engineers, landed and rapidly pushed for-
ward beyond our lines. In obedience to your orders the landing
party then returned to the ship. At the special request of C4en-
eral Gilmore I left Lieutenant Wood and a party ashore with
the Colt gun.
" I wish especially to commend the gallant conduct of Lieuten-
ant Wood and of Chief Yeoman Lacey."
The above extracts from official reports and the equally au-
thoritative Log of the Gloucester show that the prompt action
of Wainwright in pushing into the inner harbor of Guanica, with
a contempt for mines and torpedoes worthy of Parragut, and the
vigorous work of the landing party under Huse, made the sur-
prise of Guanica a complete success.
A safe landing place for the army was secured without any
loss, and the crew of the Gloucester had the enviable satisfaction
of capturing the first Spanish flag and hoisting in its place the
first American flag on the island of Puerto Rico. Wainwright
generously presented the Spanish flag to Huse, the commander
of the landing party, but the Navy Department required it 1o be
turned in as a public trophy. It now hangs among other naval
tropiiies in the Naval Academy Museum at Annapolis.
The American flag which the landing party hoisted at Guanica
was presented to the city of Gloucester on the occasion of the
Gloucester's visit there in September, 1898, and it now hangs
over the Mayor's chair in the City Hall of Gloucester, Mass.
The modesty of the Gloucester's Captain and offlcer^j makes
it necessary to look for adequate accounts of their exploits in the
ship's Log-book and the reports of other officers rather than in
310 Annual Report of the
their own. For example. Captain Higginson in his report to
Admiral Sampson says: " In fact, the Gloucester captured the
place (Guanica) single handed, and I take pleasure in commend-
ing Lieutenant-Commander Wainwright and his officers and men
for their gallantry and daring."
And Commander Davis in his report to Captain Higginson
says:
* * * "While negotiations for the surrender (of Ponce)
were in progress the Gloucester came into port, and Lieutenant-
Commander Wainwright collected all the lighters in the harbor.
amounting to about fifty, and held them ready to place akmy-
side the transports upon their arrival in the morning " — July 28.
No mention of this work appears in any report by Wainwright
or his Executive, Huse, but in the Gloucester's Log-book is the
following for 8 p. m. to midnight, July 27:
" * * " All lights aboard were extinguished or screened,
and in silence, with the crew at quarters and with a local pilot
on the bridge, we moved into the inner harbor as near the lighters
as possible and anchored.
" Two armed boats' crews, under the Executive Officer (Lieuten-
ant Huse) and Lieutenant George H. Norman, pulled in and se-
cured nine large lighters for use of army in landing, and towed
them alongside. Then, at 10 o'clock, got up anchor and slowly
drifted back to the outer harbor and to our anchorage near the
Dixie.
"All through the manoeuvre the crew on board were kept at the
guns, but our movements were not detected by the enemy."
State Historian. 311
DESTEUCTION OF THE SPANISH FLEET AT SANTIAGO.
When Cervera's ships attempted to run the gauntlet of Samp-
son's squadron on the morning of July 3rd, 1898, all the American
war vessels, except the Gloucester, pursued the four Spanish
cruisers. The Gloucester waited for the two destroyers, which
were known to be a part of the Spanish fleet. They followed
about 1,500 yards astern of the Oquendo. ( See Commander Wain-
wrighfs Report.)
They were each superior to the Gloucester in artillery and
both were equipped with torpedoes, of which the Gloucester had
none. Together they carried four fourteen-pounders, four six-
pounders and four one- pounder Maxim (machine) guns, and 128
officers and men.
Both ships and guns were of English construction and up-to-
date in all respects.
The Gloucester carried four six-pounders, four three-pounders
and two Colt (machine) guns of six millimeters calibre (about
one-fourth inch) and a crew of eighty-five officers and men.
The Spanish vessels were, therefore, greatly superior in arma-
ment, while their combined crews out-numbered the crew of the
Gloucester fifty per cent.
To engage an enemy whose destroying power was so superior
to the Gloucester's required on the part of the Gloucester's Com-
mander bravery of the highest order and unbounded confidence
in the courage, skill and devotion of his officers and men.
Success was possible to the single ship only if her fewer men
served her weaker battery with such quickness and accuracy as
promptly to silence the enemy's guns and make it impossible to
launch his torpedoes. And this the gallant Wainwright believed
his little band of eighty-four would do.
312 Annual Keport of the
It was only six weeks since the Gloucester sailed from the
New York Navy Yard with her untrained crew hard at -work
stowing away the stores that had been hurried on board as rapidly
as possible. All the training of "both ofiflcers and men on which
the salvation of the Gloucester finally depended was accomplished
during these six weeks and under great disadvantage. For the
speed and general reliability of the Gloucester made her invalu-
able as a daspatch boat, and from the day of her arrival on the
coast of Cuba till the day of her great flght she was almost con-
stantly in motion during the day, while every night she took her
position near the Morro and watched the harbor entrance, well
in advance of all the larger ships. ( See published " Log of the
Gloucester.")
During the continuance of the blockade Commander Wain-
wright and his Executive Offlcer, Lieutenant Harry P. Huse,
divided the night work equally. Every night, from the time the
Gloucester took her position at dark till she moved farther out
at daylight, one of these two officers was constantly on the
iridge.
When the Pluton and Furor appeared the supreme moment
had arrived. Wainwright and his Executive were on the bridge,
the latter eagerly listening for the order to attack. It came in
the simple words: "Close in, Huse." And "Full speed ahead"
was the order of the Executive to McElroy, the devoted and faith-
ful Chief Engineer, who had everything in his department in such
superb condition that, although the Gloucester was driven at a
speed she had never known before, it was done " without causing
a tube to leak or a brass to heat." (Wainwright's report.)
During the action Wainwright frequently repeated his order:
" Close in, Huse," •" Close in, Huse," and Huse closed in, and the
State Historian. 313
attack was so fwrious and persistent that within twenty minutes
the Pluton lay on the rocks in the surf an utter wreck which
could not he hoarded, and the Furor lay on the hottom in deep
water, and all that was left of the two destroyers and their guns
and torpedoes and crews was a mass of humanity struggling in
the water, which, when rescued by the men of the Gloucester,
numbered four officers and forty-one petty officers and enlisted
men.
The Gloupester was uninjured. She had not beei^ once hit, and
the survivors were brought in and cared for under the awnings,
which completely covered the deck when, while Sunday morning
inspection Was going on, the first of the Spanish ships appeared.
There had not been time to make the usual preparation for
battle, and the Gloucester's men served their guns, and after the
battle cared for those of their enemy that were left alive under
awnings that had been spread in expectation of an uneventful
Sunday.
Commander Wainwright in his official report accounts for the
wonderful escape of the Gloucester without injury to the ship or
her crew as follows :
" The escape of the Gloucester was due mamly to the accuracy
and rapidity of the fire: The efficiency of this fire, as well as of
the ship generalh/, was largely due to the intelligent and unre-
mitting efforts of the Executive Officer, Lieutenant Harry P.
Euse. The result was more to his credit when it is remembered
that a large proportion of the officers and men were untrained
when the Gloucester was commissioned (May 16, 1898). Through-
out the action he was on the bridge with me and carried out my
orders with great coolness."
314 Annual Report of the
THE NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDENTS.
Mr. Henry L. Stoddard, part of whose correspondence from
Cuba regarding the Seventy-flist Regiment, is included in Chap-
lain Vandewater's history of the Regiment, was one of the New
York newspaper writers whose service as war correspondent
began with the mobilization of the army in Florida early in April,
1898, and continued until our national flag floated over the Morro
at Santiago and the Governor-General's palace at Havana. Most
of his time was spent with the regular troops, but it so happened
that he camped with the Seventy-first Regiment the night before
the battle of San Juan, and marched with them to the battle line
that morning. He was thus able to give an accurate account of
the day's events from his own observation, especially so far as
the Seventy-first Regiment was concerned.
Mr. Stoddard is a native of New York. He was born in New
York City October 7, 18G1. Three generations of his family have
made their home in Hudson, Columbia County, this State, where
they have owned and edited various publications, beginning as
far back as 1787. Mr. Stoddard early learned the printer's trade,
but subsequently became a reporter, making political writing his
chief work. He has served at Washington and Albany as corre-
spondent, and when he went to Cuba with the army was part
owner and chief editorial writer of The Mail and Express, in
New York City. He has since become the principal owner and
director of that newspaper, and is president of the corporation.
In a letter to tlie State Historian under date of April 13, 1904,
Mr. Stoddard writes:
" I remember that I had some good words to say of the Seventy-
first after my return home and when I found them unfairly
State Historian. 315
attacked. ' He jests at scars who never felt a wound,' you
know. That is why I have no patience with those who, while
attempting nothing themselves, criticise the conduct and question
the courage of those who dare and try to do. Many reasons other
than lack of courage compel a man to stay at home when the
call to arms is heard, and I have no criticism, therefore, for those
who chose the fireside instead of the battlefield; but when they
make their choice, they should not question the courage or rail
at the embarrassments of those who go out to battle for them ;
and who try to do their best.
The man who can stand firm under his first volley of musketry,
and amid the shriek of shrapnel, is rare indeed. If he rallies
and goes on, he is to be hailed as a hero; his first moment of
thought for his life and for those he may leave behind is not to
be magnified into an act of cowardice. It shouldn't be necessary
that his life blood should have to attest his patriotism and his
courage, at least in the eyes of his countrymen.
Thus believing, I wrote as I felt about the Seventy-first. I saw
them that day under that cruel fire from a concealed enemy,
heilplessly huddled together in a road not fifteen feet wide. I did
not know that my letters had been given a place in Dr. Vande-
water's history of the regiment. Someone told me casually a
year or so ago that the regiment had the letters in their scrap-
book ; that is all I ever heard."
Enterprise ow the Correspondents.
The New York Herald, long before the war, had made arrange-
ments for covering events in the Caribbean sea, the Philippines
and on the coast of Spain. When war was declared it had two
despatch boats moving between Cuba and Key West, and another
316 AxNUAL Report of the
at St. Thomas watching developments in Porto Rico. The bom-
bardment of the fortifications at Matanzas was the first engage-
ment of the war, and Herald men witnessed it at close range
from the deck of the steam pilot boat Svmiuers N. i^iiiith. They
scored tlie first " beat " of the war. When Cervera's squadron
sailed from the Canaries the Herald chartered a steamship and
followed it for a day, the course showing that it was bound across
the Atlantic. It had a man on the bridge of the Olympia when
Dewey fought the battle of Manila Bay. The despatch boat
Mindora i-arried the only story printed in the States next day
of the landing of Shatter's army and the only news of the fight-
ing l)efore Santiago on July 1 that was printed anywhere on
July 2. The despatih boat Golden Rod brought to Port Antonio,
Jamaica, the first story of the destruction of Cervera's squadron,
which was covered at an expense of |5,500, and reai'hed New
York ten hours ahead of any other newspaper report. The
Herald's forces in the West Indies were in charge of Henry S.
Brown, who was called from his work as Albany correspondent
the day after the Maine was blown up. The other members of
the Herald's war staff were: Walter S. Meriwether, Leo L. Red-
ding, Hamilton S. Peltz, E. W. McCready, E. H. Sheehan, John
Mitchell, Richard Harding Davis, Thomas F. Millard, Nicholas
Biddle, E. K. Coulter, Ramon Alvarez, P. H. Xirhols, Rutherford
('orbin and Houlder Hudgins. J. L. Stickney was with Dewev.
H. Ct. Dart and W. O. Wilson were artists at the front. As show-
ing the amount of travel necessary to transport disjiatches, it
can be stated that the despatch boat Sinitli, ("apt. F. JI. Dunn,
was continuously in service for more than five months, and in
all kinds of weather covered more than 25,000 miles, carrying
State Historian. ^ 317
news or searching for it. The Herald sent the first boat into
Santiago after the surrender and the first into Havana. In
all it had seven steamships chartered at one time and another,
and the total expenses were nearly |250,000.
The work performed by the principal newspapers throughout
the country during the progress of the Spanish War, not only in
the Atlantic, but in the Pacific, is unparalleled, in enterprise in
the history of journalism. Many newspapers, daily, weekly, illus-
trated and serial, were represented at the front by its own special
correspondent and their own chartered vessel.
Very, often the navy impressed newspaper vessels as despatch
■ boats, and commanders of American warships spoke invariably
of the cheerful willingness and alacrity with which the corre-
spondents lived up to naval regulations and in their faithful
observance of naval restrictions. In fact, the co-operation be-
tween the newspapers and the naval department reflects the
highest credit upon both, when it is considered the natural anti-
pathy that army and navy oflQcers entertain toward dissemina-
tors of news in time of war. In addition to the names already
mentioned in the narrative of the Seventy-first Regiment, credit
should also be given to brilliant correspondents who achieved,
great distinction for the papers which they represented and who
added to their own reputations. Among the men included in
this class were the late Julian Ralph of Harpers Weekly, Stephen
Crane and W. J. Chamberlain of the 8wi.
Others who survived the war, having added to their reputations
as able newspaper men were : Louis Siebold of the World, James
Creelman Who was wounded at El Caney; George Edward Gra-
ham of the Associated Press, who described the loss of the
318 annuatj Repoet op the State Historian.
Spanish fleet from the deck of the Brooklyn, where he repeatedly,
recklessly exposed his life against the warnings of Admiral
Schley; Edward Marshall of the Journal, who was seriously
wounded in the spine, at San Juan Hill, and whose both legs
were subsequently amputated; Franklyn Clarkin of the Evening
Post; Anthony Fiala of the Brooklyn Eagle; Ervin Wardman
of the Press; Stephen Bonsai, Grover Flint, the venerable Murat
Halstead, Alexander C. Kenealy, Oscar King Davis of the 8un,
John Fox jr. Posterity will be indebted to such distinguished
artists as Frederick Remington, Rufus F. Zogbaum, Carlton T.
Chapman, for the excellent illustrations that will forever per-
petuate the magnificent work of the navy and the glorious deeds
of the army during this war.
Finis.
INDEX
1st Regiment New York State Volunteers.
For the sake of convenience, each one of the five military organizations included in this
report, haa been indexed separately. The general index which embraces the entire report
begins on page 381, — State Historian.
PAGE
ALAMEDA, mail steamer.... 24
Albany, New York/. 18, S9, 39
Tenth Battalion, com-
panies A, B, C & D, of . . . 17
Alliance, steamship 33
Annexation ceremonies, of
transfer of Hawaiian Islands
to United States 23
Apache Indians 44
Arizona, ship 23
Ashley, Maurice Cavileer, as-
sistant surgeon... 19, 20, 21, 25
Atlantic, division of the 40, 41
Australia, mail steamer 24
BAILEY, PRIVATE EDWARD
A., company B, died 29
Barber, Colonel Merritt, as-
sistant adjutant-general, U.
S. A 31, 32
Barber, Colonel Thomas H 20
21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32
33, 34, 36, 37, 41
appointed colonel First
Eeg., National Guard.... 18
formally accepted colors
presented to his regi-
ment 19
promoted brigadier-gen-
eral. United States Vol-
unteers 37
abuse of, uncalled for.... 37
military record of 39-42
mustered out United
States service 42
Barry, Thomas H., A. A. G.,
U. S. A 33
Baxter, First Lieutenant Alex-
ander Gillespie, company L.. 26
Beardslee, Private Burton M.,
company F, died 29
PAGE
Belgium 40
Big Horn mountains, Wyo-
ming ^ 41
Binghamton, New York, Twen-
tieth Separate Company,
Seventeenth Battalion of 17
Black, Governor Frank S 18
Boardman, Second Lieutenant
Fred W., company G 2G
Boice, First Lieutenant Ghas.
Henry, company F 26
British Columbia 41
Brooklyn, New York 39
Burton, Sergeant-Major Ed-
ward H 21
second lieutenant, com-
pany B 25
sergean1>-major, promoted
to second lieutenant,
company B '. . . 28
CALIFORNIA 35
California regiment 32
Callanan, Private John J., Jr.,
company A, promoted sec-
lieutenant, 203rd New York
Volunteers 27
Camp Alger, Virginia 32
Camp Black, Hempstead
Plains, Long Island 18
19, 30,. 31 37
Camp McKinley, Hawaiian
Islands 22, 23, 29, 30
Camp Merritt, California 21
Camp Presidio, San Francisco,
California 21
Canada, Dominion of 41
Carter, Private Charles F.,
company G, died 29
Charles Nelson, packet 21
Chase, Major James T 19
20, 21, 28
320 Ind
ST Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Chase, James T., resigned 27
military record of 43
mustered in United States
service 43
retired 43
Chicago, Illinois 30
Chicago and Northwestern
Kailroad 20
Chickamauga, Georgia 31
Colorado troops 21
Commissioned officers of First
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers, list of... 25-29
Company A, Tenth Battalion,
became company A, First
Eegiment National Guard... 18
Company A, First Regiment,
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 19
30, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29
became Fifth Separate
Company : . 43
Company A, Fifty-sixth New
York Volunteers 43
Company B, Tenth Battalion,
became company B, First
Regiment, National Guard... 18
Company B, First Regiment,
New York Volunteers 39
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29
Company B, Tenth Eegiment. . 42
Company C, Tenth Battalion,
became company C, First
Eegiment, National Guard.. 18
Company C, First Eegiment,
New York Volunteers 19
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29
Company D, Tenth Battalion,
became company D, First
Eegiment, National Guard.. 18
Company t), First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29
Company D, Nineteenth New
York State Militia 43
Company E, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers . : 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29
Company F, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19, 20, 23, 23, 24, 26, 29
Company G, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19, 30, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29
Company G, One Hundred
Sixty-eighth New York
Volunteers 43
Company H, First Regiment
l7ifantry, New York Vol-
unteers 30
21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 30
PAGE
Company H, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers, in measles quar-
antine f9
joined headquarters at
Fort Columbus, New
York harbor 19
Company I, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30
Company K, First Eegriment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
30, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 44
Company L, First Eegiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers.. 19, 30, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 30
Company M, First Eegiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
20, 31, 22, 33, 24, 37, 30
Corbin, Henry C, adjutant-
general, U. S. A 32, 33
Cowles, Private George H.,
company H 21
died ' 30
Crouch, Corporal Herbert A.,
company M, died .' 30
DAVIS, SURGEON CHARLES
E 19, 20, 23
resigned 37
Decker, Second Lieutenant
Abraham Lincoln, com-
pany I 20, 26
promoted to first lieuten-
ant, company 1 28
Department of California 34
36, 37
Department of the East... 19, 20
Department of the Missouri ... 44
Diamond Head, Hawaiian Isl-
ands 22, 33
District of Hawaii 23
Division of the Atlantic... 40, 41
Dole, Sanford B., President of
Hawaiian Islands , 38
EDWARDS, BATTALION AD-
JUTANT FRANK BURCH,
discharged 27
Eighth Army Corps, First
Brigade, Independent Divi-
sion 21
Emmet, Major Eobert Tem-
ple 19, 20, 22, 24, 25
military record of 43-44
award medal of honor 44
resigned 44
England 40
Index — First Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 321
PAGE
Erie Eailroad 20
Europe 40
FERGUSON, CAPTAIN URSIL
A., company G 2S, 26
Field, Major Edward, U. S.
A . . . 24, 36
report of, regarding First
Regiment 34-39
extract from report of . . 37-39
Field service, telegrams relat-
ing to 32-34
Fifth Separate Company,
Twelfth Battalion, of
Newbnrgh : 17
became company L, First
Kegiment 18
Fifteenth Separate Company,
Twelfth Battalion, of
Poughkeepsie 17
became company K, First
Eeglment 18
Fifteenth Separate Company.. 44
First Regiment, artillery, U.
S. A 3'9, ^0, 42
First Regiment, infantry. New
York National Guard,
composed of organiza-
tions of the Third Brig-
ade 17, 18, 156
medical examination of of-
ficers and enlisted men . . 18
mustered into United
States service 19
became First Regiment In-
fantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
First Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 22
23, 32, 33, 34, 36
37, 39, 42, 43, 44
history of 17-45
colors presented to, by
Talbot Olyphant 19
colors accepted by Colonel
Thomas H. Barber 19
except company H, left
Camp Black 19
in New York harbor forts,
received 301 recruits 20
inspected by Major Ed-
ward Field, U. S. A 24
ordered to return to home
station 24
mustered out of United
States service 24
commissioned officers of.. 25-29
field and staff officers 25
list of officers who re-
signed prior to muster-
out of regiment 27
21
PAGE
First Regiment . Infantry, New
York Volunteers:
list of those transferred
prior to muster-out of
regiment 27
list of those promoted
prior to muster-out of
regiment 27-29
enlisted men of, who died
in the service 29-31
official correspondence re-
lating to 31
review and inspection... 34-37
drills, exercises, etc 35
police ., 35
behavior 36
instruction 36
company A:
commissioned officers
of 25
enlisted men of, who
died in the service . . 29
company B:
commissioned officers
of 25
enlisted men of, who
died in the service.. 29
company C:
commissioned officers
of 25
enlisted men of, who
died in the service . . 29
company D:
commissioned officers
of 25
enlisted men of, who
died in the service . . 29
company E:
commissioned officers
of 26
enlisted men of, who
died in the service . . 29
company F:
commissioned officers
of 26
enlisted men of, who
died in the service . . 29
company G:
commissioned officers
of 26
enlisted men of, who
died in the service.. 29-30
company H:
commissioned officers
of 26
enlisted men of, who
died in the service ... 30
company I:
commissioned officers
of 26
enlisted men of, who
died in the service ... 30
322 Index — Fikst Regiment, N. Y. State Voluntehes.
PAGE
First Kegiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers:
company K:
commissioned officers
of 26
enlisted men of, who
died in the service ... 30
company L:
commissioned officers
of 36
enlisted men of, who
died in the service... 30
company M:
commissioned officers
of 27
enlisted men of, who
died in the service... 30
Flower, Governor Koswell P. . 42
Fort Adams, Ehode Island 40
Fort Ckjlumbus, New York har-
bor 19, 20, 41
Fort Hamilton, Long Island
side of the Narrows 19
20, 31, 39
Fort Logan, Colorado 30
Fort Niobrara, Nebraska 44
Fort Union, New Mexico 44
Fort Wadsworth, Staten Island
side of the Narrows. . 19, 20, 31
Fort Whipple, Virginia 40
Forty-fourth Separate Com-
pany, of Utica 17
became company E, First
Begiment 18
Fourteenth Separate Com-
pany, Twelfth Battalion,
of Kingston 17
became company M, First
Kegiment . . 18
Fowler, Second Lieutenant
Joseph M., company M.. 27
first sergeant, promoted to
second lieutenant, com-
pany M 28
France 40
Frank, General Koyal T., TJ. S.
A 31, 32
GENERAL MEIGS, govern-
ment boat 19
Germany 40
Glasby, Private Albert, com-
pany H, died 30
Goodale, Second Lieutenant
James K., company E... 26
sergeant-major, promoted
to second lieutenant,
company E 28
Goodier, Captain Lewis E., pro-
moted major 203d New
York Volunteers 27
mentioned 28
PAGB
Goodrich, Sergeant William,
company C, died 29
Governors Island, New York
harbor 31, 32, 41
Gracie, Captain William B.,
company D 25
Gresham, First Lieutenant
Christopher, company C 25
Griffith, First Lieutenant and
Assistant Surgeon Lewis
Theophilus. . 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25
HANCOCK, MAJOR-GENERAL
WINFIELD SCOTT 40, 41
Hawaii, district of 23
Hawaiian Islands 32
annexation ceremonies of
transfer to United
States 23
Hempstead Plains, Long Isl-
and, New York 18, 31
Hilo, Island of Hawaii 23, 30
Hinman, Second Lieutenant
Charles N., company H 26
Hitchcock, Captain Charles
Henry, company H 26
Hogan, Hospital Steward
Joseph Frederick 21
Holland 40
Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands 21
22, 23, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37
Board of Health of 38
Civil Sanitary Commission,
report of 38-39
post of 34, 36
Honolulu harbor 22
Hospital corps 21
Huhne, First Lieutenant John
A, company M 27
second lieutenant, pro-
moted to first lieuten-
ant company M 28
IDAHO 41
Independent Division, First
Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, 21
Indian scouts 44
Ireland 40
Irwin Tract, Hawaiian Islands, 22
Italy 40
JERSEY CITY, NEW JER-
SEV 20
KAPIOLANI PARK, Hawaiian
Islands 21, 22, 37
Kilauea, Hawaiian Islands,
volcano of 23
King, B r i g a d i e r-General
Charles 23, 26
Kingston, Fourteenth Separate
Company, Twelfth Battalion
of 17
Index — Fiest Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 323
PAGE
Knox, Assistant Inspector-
General Thomas T., U. S.
A 34, 36
LANGFITT, MAJOR WILLIAM
c, u. s. A as
Las Animas canon. New Mex-!
ico 44
Lennon, Private Thomas F.,
company A, died 29
Long Island City 19
MANILA, Philippine Islands.. 21
Manson, Captain William
Dixon, company B 35
first lieutenant, promoted
captain company B 38
Mapes, Second Lieutenant Wil-
liam H., company L 26
Mariposa, steamer 33
Martin, Captain James Curtis,
company F 26
Mather, First Lieutenant Ad-
rian W., company A 23
McCarty, Private Webster,
company A, died 29
Mclntyre, Captain Amos E.,
company 1 36
McMillan, Second Lieutenant
Hovsrard Udell, company A. . 25
Merriam, Major-General Henry
C, U. S. A 23
Merritt, Major-General Wesley,
U. S. A..". 32
Middletovvn, Twenty-fourth
Separate Company 17
Minnesota troops 21
Moore, Private Hudson B.,
company L, died 30
Mott-Smith, Minister 38
NATIONAL QUARP, NEW
YORK, Third Brigade... 17
First Eegiment Infantry,
composed of organi-
zations of the Third
Brigade 17, 18, 156
medical examination
of officers and en-
listed men 18
mustered in United
States service 19
became First Eegiment
Infantry, New York
Volunteers 19
Twelfth Eegiment 39
Newburgh, Fifth Separate
Company, Twelfth Battalion
of 17
Newcomb, First Sergeant Ed-
ward T., company A, pro-
moted second lieutenant
203nd New York Volunteers, 27
PAGE
New Hawaiian post 21
New Mexico 44
Newport Harbor, Rhode Island, 40
New York:
harbor 19, 31
city 34, 36
New ■^ork National Guard:
Third Brigade 17
First Eegiment Infantry,
composed of organiza-
tions of the Third Brig-
ade 17, 18, 156
medical examinations of
officers and enlisted men, 18
mustered into United
States, service 19
became First Eegiment In-
fantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
Twelfth Eegiment 39
New York State 17
18, 19, 24, 31, 39
adjuLant-general 39
Nineteenth Militia, com-
pany D _. 43
New York Volunte"ers:
First Eegiment Infantry. . 23
23, 32, 33, 34, 36
37, 39, 42, 43, 44
history of 17-45
colors presented to, by
Talbot Olyphant 19
colors accepted by
Colonel Thomas H.
Barber 19
except company H, left
Camp Black 19
in New York harbor
forts, received 301 re-
cruits 20
inspected by Major Ed-
ward Field, U. S. A.. 24
ordered to return to
home station 24
mustered out of United
States service 34
commissioned officers
of 25-39
field and stafE officers, 25
list of officers who re-
signed prior to mus-
ter-out of regiment, 37
list of those trans-
ferred prior to mus-
ter-out of regiment, 27
list of those promoted
prior to muster-out
of regiment 27-29
enlisted men of, who
died in the service.. 29-31
official correspondence
relating to 31
324 Index — First Regiment, N. Y. State Voldntebes.
PAGE
New York Volunteers:
First Regiment Infantry:
review and inspec-
tion , 34-37
drills, exercises, etc... 35
police 35
behavior 36
instruction 36
company A:
commissioned ofS-
cers of 25
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 29
company" B:
commissioned offi-
cers of 25
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 29
company C:
commissioned offi-
cers of 25
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 29
company D:
commissioned offi-
cers of 25
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 29
company E:
commissioned offi-
cers of 86
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 29
company F:
commissioned offi-
cers of 26
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 29
company G:
commissioned offi-
cers of 26
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 29-30
company H:
commissioned offi-
cers of 26
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 30
company I:
commissioned offi-
cers of 26
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 30
PAGE
New York Volunteers:
First Regiment Infantry:
company K:
commissioned offi-
cers of ~6
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 30
company L:
commissioned offi-
cers of 26
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 30
company M:
commissioned offi-
cers of 27
enlisted men of,
who died in the
service 30
202nd Regiment 37
Nickinson, Second Lieutenant
Albert E., company 1 26
sergeant, prombted to sec-
ond lieutenant, com-
pany I 28
Ninth Cavalry, U. S. A 43, 44
OAHU, ISLAND OF 23
Ogden, Utah 21
Ojo Caliente, New Mexico .... 44
Oliver, Second Lieutenant
Edward, company C 25
Oliver, Brigadier-General Rob-
ert Shaw, commanding
Third Brigade 17, 18
ordered to organize two
regiments 17
Olyphant, Talbot, presented
colors to First Regiment In-
fantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
Omaha, Nebraska 20
Oneonta, Third Separate Com-
pany of 17
Oothoudt, Second Lieutenant
Arthur E., company F 26
Otis, Major-General Elwell S.,
U. S. A 32, 33, 34
PALMER, CAPTAIN FRANK
ROCKWELL, company A 25
Peet, Private George L., com-
pany G., died 30
Philippines 32, 33
Pickard, Captain Arthur W.,
company E 26
first lieutenant, promoted
to captain, company E. . 33
Pope, Major-General John, U.
S. A 44
Index — Fikst Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 325
PAGE
Porter, Private Clarence H.,
company H, died 30
Post hospital, Hawaiian Isl-
ands 37
Poughkeepsie, Fifteenth. Sep-
arate Company 17
Presidio, San Pranclsco, Cali-
fornia 24, 29
regiment moved to 21 ,
camp 21
RACE TRACK, CAMP, Ha-
waiian Islands 22
Eamsay (Eamsey), Captain
and Assistant Surgeon George
D., promoted surgeon Sixty-
ninth U. S. Volunteers 27
Eappe, Private Charles G.,
company B 21
Eead, Private James H., Jr.,
company B, died 29
Eeagan, Corporal Michael J.,
company B, promoted sec-
ond lieutenant 202nd New
York Volunteers 27
Kevolution, Sons of the, pre-
sent colors to the regilnent, 19
Eoach, Captain James Edward,
company C 25
SAQUE, FIRST LIEUTEN=
ANT CLARENCE, com-
pany K 26
second lieutenant, pro-
moted to first lieutenant
company K 28
Sague, Major John K 24, 25
captain, promoted to
major 28
military record of 44
mustered out 44
St. Paul, steamer .-. . 21
San Prancisco, California 20
21, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 37
harbor 22
Sawyer, Private James H.,
company D, died ,. 29
Scandia, United States troop-
ship 22
hospital ship 24
Schwartz, Chaplain Karl., 19
20, 22, 25, 37
Scotland 40
Scott, Major Walter. . 19, 20, 22, 24
lieutenant-colonel 25
promoted ■ to lieutenant-
colonel 27
military record of 43
retired 43
Second Eegiment, Volunffeer
Engineers : 22, 23
PAGE
Seventeenth Battalion:
Third Separate Company,
Twentieth Separate Com-
pany Thirty-third Separ-
ate Company 17, 43
Sheehan, Captain James P.,
company L 26
Shoshone rtiountains, Wyom-
ing 41
Sixteenth Separate Company,
Twelfth Battalion 17
Slater, Second Lieutenant Lu-
cius J., company K 26
first sergeant, promoted
to second lieutenant
company K 28
Smith, Second Lieutenant
James Ezra, company D. . 22, 25
Sons of the Eevolution, present
colors to the regiment 19
South Dakota troops 21
Southern Pacific Eailway 31
Spain 40, 42
Springsteen, "Private John V.,
company G, died 30
Staats, Captain Charles
Bleecker 28
resigned 27
Staats, Pirst Lieutenant Harry
Caleb, company B. . . 20, 25
second lieutenant, pro-
moted to first lieutenant
company B 28
Stacpole, Major Horatio Pot-
ter 19, 20, 22, 24
appointed lieutenant-colo-
nel .... : 18
mentioned 25
promoted to colonel 27
military record of 42
died 42
Staten Island 19
Strevell, Lieutenant Clarence,
regimental adjutant com-
pany E 22, 24, 25
promoted to regimental
adjutant 28
Switzerland 40
TAYLOR, PRIVATE CARL=
TON W., company A, died. . . ,29
Tenth Battalion, companies A,
B, C, D, of Albany.... 17, 18, 42
Tenth Eegiment, National
Guard 42
Terry, Pirst Lieutenant David,
company M 28
resigned 27
Third Eegiment Artillery,
United States Army 24
Third Separate Company, of
Oneonta 17, 43
326 Index — Fiest Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
• PAGE
Third Separate Company, of
Oneonta, became company
G, First Kegiment 18
Thirty-third Separate Com-
pany, of Walton 17
became company P, First
Eegiment 18
Thompson, Private Charles H.,
company H, died 30
Tompkins, Captain Eobert Ful-
ton, company M 87
Tucker, First lientenant Her-
man Alvln, company G 36
Twelfth Battalion:
Fifth, Fourteenth, Fif-
teenth, Sixteenth and
Twenty-fourth Separate
Companies 17, 43
Twelfth Kegiment, National
Guard, New York 39
Twentieth Separate Company,
of Binghamton 17
became company H, First
Eegiment 18
Twenty-fourth Separate Com-
pany, of Middletown... . 17
became company I, First
Eegiment 18
Two Hundred and Second,
New York Volunteers 27
UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD. . 30
United States 41
Adjutant-General 33
33, 34, 39
annexation ceremonies of
transfer of Hawaiian
Islands to 33
United States Army 33, 34, 36
First Artillery. . 39, 40, 43
Third Artillery 34
United States Military Aca-
demy 39, 40, 41, 43, 43
United States service 43, 43
United States Volunteers 33
34, 43
Ute expedition 44
Utica, Forty-fourth Separate
Company of 17
VAN GAASBECK (Van Gaas-
beek), Sergeant Walter E.,
company M, died 30
PAGE
Van Keuren, Private George,
company M, died 30
Volimteer Engineers, Second
Eegiment 22, 23
Vossler Captain Wilbur, com-
pany K 26
first lieutenant, promoted
to captain Company K. . 28
WAIELAE, Hawaiian Islands,
23, 24
Wallace, George Ernest, com-
pany I 28
second lieutenant company
I, resigned 27
Walton, Third-third Separate
Company 17
Wands, Private Eobert, com-
pany C, died B9
War Department 34, 36, 40
War, Secretary of 33, 33
Warden, Private Fred, com-
pany K, died 30
Washington, D. C 33
33, 34, 36, 39, 40
Weller, Private Alfred O.,
company I, died 30
Wells, Private Granville I.,
company M, died. 30
West Point, Military Aca-
demy 39, 41, 42, 43
Wheeler, Private Oscar E.,
company Et died 39
Wheelock, First Lieutenant
WilUam F., company D 25
Winthrop, Lieutenant and
Eegimental Quartermaster
Bronson SI, 23, 34, 25
Wood, First Lieutenant Frank-
lin Thomas, company E, 26
second lieutenant, pro-
moted to first lieutenant
company E 28
Woodbeck, Private Burton,
company G, died 30
WortHng, First Lieutenant
Harry P., company H B6
YELLOWSTONE PARK, Wy-
oming 41
Yorktown, Virginia 40
Young, Minister 38
INDEX
2d Regiment New York State Volunteers.
For the sake of convenience, each one of the five military organizations included in this
report haa been indexed separately. The general index which embraces the entire report be-
gins on page 381.— State HisToKiAN.
FAGB
ALBANY, New York 73
Alden, Quartermaster George
M., Thirteenth Battalion,
National Guard, New
York 47
mustered in as captain and
quartermaster, Second
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 70
mustered out of United
States service 82
Aldrich, Lieutenant Bishop L.,
company K 47
second lieutenant National
Guard, not mustered into ,
company K 48
Allen, Private Charles W.,
company M, died 68
Allen, Sergeant Elisha M.,
company I, injured 58
Amsterdam, New York 79
Second Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers,
company H, Forty-sixth
Separate Company of... 49
State armory 81
Andrews, Captain James M.,
Jr., company E 49
Atlanta, Georgia 68, 70, 71
Averill Park, New York 71
74, 75
BAHME, PRIVATE FELIX,
company D, died 76
Baker, Private Charles N.,
company C, died 68
Baker, Second Lieutenant
William, company C 48
Balch, Major Lewis, assistant
surgeon-general. New
York, mustered in as
surgeon 45
FAOE
Balch, Hajor Lewis, major and
acting assistant surgeon-
general 47
assigned to duty as acting
chief surgeon 53
organized Division Hospi-
tal and Ambulance Com-
pany 52
surgeon, appointed chief
surgeon 56
ordered to report to his
regiment 66
commissioned brigade sur-
geon. United States Vol-
unteers 82
resigned 82
Baltimore, Maryland 51
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 51
Baltimore and Ohio Southwest-
ern Railway 51
Barnival, Corporal John J.,
company C, injured 58
Bartholomew, Second Lieuten-
ant Alanson U., company I.. 49
61
Bauder, Captain Frank, com-
pany F 49
Baum, Dr. Henry C, Forty-
first Separate Company,
Syracuse, mustered in as
assistant surgeon 45
captain, commissioned
major and surgeon, Sec-
ond Regiment, New York
Volunteers. 82
mustered out 82
Bauth, Private E. F., company
B, transferred to Division
Hospital Corps 60
Betts, Private Clarence W.,
company A, appointed regi-
mental sergeant-major 70
328 Index — Second Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Bills, Colonel, Second Ne-
braska Volunteer Infantry . . 52
Black, Governor Frank S.. 45, 48
reviewed Second Regiment
Infantry, New York
Volunteers 46
Blackington, Private Hugh P.,
company M, discharged from
United S'tates service 76
Blanchard, Private William A.,
company C, injured 58
Bleakley, Private Andrew W.,
company D, died 80
Brazee (Brezee), Private Fred-
erick A., company L, in-
jured 58
Brugman, Dr. Albert F., Sec-
ond Battery, National
Guard, New York, mus-
tered in as assistant
surgeon 46
detailed to assist at Sec-
ond Division Hospital... 68
captain, mustered out 82
CAMP ALGER, Virginia 58
Camp Black, Hempstead
Plains, New York. 45
48, 50, 58, 68, 75, 81
Camp Hardin, Averill Park,
New York 74, 77
sick soldiers at, annoyed
by sightseers 75
passed into history 78
Camp Thomas, Kentucky 55
Carpenter, Brigadier-General
Louis H., U. S. A., Fourth
Army Corps 52, 53, 54
56, 62, 66, 67
Carpenter's Brigade 54
Case, Private Charles Irving,
, company C, injured 58
Casey, Private James L., com-
pany C, transferred to Di-
vision Hospital Corps 60
Central Railroad of New Jer-
sey 50, 51
Chapel, Private Herbert S.,
company M, died 77
Charlotte, South Carolina 72
Charlottesville, Virginia 72
Chattanooga, Tennessee 51
Chickamauga, Georgia.. 50, 52, 54
Chickamauga Battlefield, Geor-
gia 51
Cincinnati, Ohio 51
Cluett, Private George Alford,
company A, appointed sec-
ond lieutentant, 202d Regi-
ment, New York Volunteers, 60
Cluett, Private Sanford L.,
company A 55
PAGE
Cohoes, New York 73, 80
Second Regiment Infantry,
company B, Seventh
Separate company of 48
Coleman, Second Lieutenant
Obed M., company L 49
Collette, Private George F.,
company' E, transferred to
Hospital Corps, United
States Army. 70
Collin, Captain Thomas Camp-
bell, company B 48
major 53,61, 72
mustered in as major.
Third Battalion 59
mustered out of United
States service 82
Columbia, District of. First
Regiment 54, 56, 60
Columbia, South Carolina 72
Commissary Department,
United States Army 54
Company A 48, 50, 53, 59, 60
61, 62, 64, 66, 70, 75, 78, 79
thirty-four recruits f or . . . 60
paid and mustered oiit of
United States service ... 80
four deaths 81
Company B 48, 50
53, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65
twenty-six recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service... 80
no deaths 81
Company C 48, 50, 53
57, 60, 64, 65, 68, 70, 79
twenty-six recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service ... 80
three deaths 81
Company D.. 47, 48, 50, 53, 59, 63
65, 68, 75, 76, 79, 80
twenty-six recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service... 80
eight deaths 81
Company E 49, 50, 53, 59
62, 68, 70, 76, 79
twelve recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service ... 81
one death 81
Company F 49, 50, 53, 70
twelve recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service... 81
no deaths 81
Company G 49, 50
53, 70, 76, 78, 82
twelve recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service... 81
Index — Second Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 329
PAGE
Company G, no deaths 81
Company H 49, 50, 53, 79
twelve recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service... 81
one death 81
Company 1 49, 50, 53, 82
twenty-foiir recruits for.. 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service ... 81
no deaths 81
Company K 47, 48, 50
53, 59, 75, 79, 80
twenty-seven recruits for, 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service... 81
three deaths 81
Company L 49, 50, 53, 61
68, 70, 76, 77, 80
twenty-eight recruits for, 60 •
paid and mustered out of
United States service... 80
eight deaths 81
Company M 49, 50, 53
66, 68, 71, 76, 77
twenty-eight recruits for, 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service ... 80
four deaths 81
Coppinger, Major-General John
J., U. S. A 54, 56, 59, 66
ordered to proceed to
Porto Kico 67
Corr (Carr), Corporal Francis
J., company D 59
Crippen, First Lieutenant
George W., company F 49
Cuban expedition, first 54
Curry, Major M. B 69
DALTON FORD ROAD,
Chickamauga battlefield .... 51
Daniels, Private Frank H.,
eompan.y E, died 79
Danville, Virginia 72
Davis, Captain Loyal L., com-
pany K 48, 56, 60
Denmark, South Carolina 72
Department of the East 71
Dewey, Private Prank, com-
pany D, died 76
District of Columbia, First
Regiment 54, 56, 60
Division Hospital Corps 60
Dodge, First Lieutenant Delos
M., company G 49
Dunspaugh, Captain Merrill
M., company D 48, 56, 60
EASTERBROOK, CHAPLAIN
EDMUND P., commenced
ministrations to the
Regiment 68
PAGE
Easterbrook, Chaplain Edmund
P., paid and mustered
out of United States ser-
vice 80
commissioned chaplain
202nd Regiment, New
York Vohmteers 82
Eddy, Lieutenant Wilbur,
company G, commissioned
lieutenant Twelfth Regi-
ment, New York Volun-
teers 49, 78, 82
Edson, Major J. J., Jr., United
States Volunteers 78
Eighteenth Separate Com-
pany, National Guard,
New York, designated as
company K . .^ 46
of Glens Falls, TVew York 48
Engineer Corps 55
Everett city, Georgia 72
FERNANDINA, FLORIDA.. 64, 65
66, 67, 68, 69, 70
72, 75, 76, 77
Fifteenth Battalion, Third
Brigade, National Guard,
New York 45, 47, 49
Fifth' Regiment Artillery.. 75, 76
Fifth Regiment Infantry,
Maryland 52, 54; 56
Ohio 66, 67
First Army Corps 52
First Battalion, Second Regi-
ment, National Guard
Volunteers 61
62, 64, 72, 78
Second Regiment Infantry,
New Yotk Volun-
teers, quartered in
Germania Hall, Troy,
New York 74
fifteen deaths 81
First Regiment Artillery, U.
S. A 75
First Regiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 67
First Regiment Infantry, Dis-
trict of Columbia, 54, 56, 60
Florida 67
Ohio 67
First Regiment United States
Volunteer Engineers 53
55, 56, 62
Florida 75
First Regiment 67
Florida Central and Peninsular
Railroad 53, 64, 65
Flower, Hon. Roswell P., gift
of, to regiment 69
Flower Hospital, Fernandina,
Florida 69, 77
330 Index — Second Regiment, N. Y. State Voltjntebks.
PAGE
Flyitn, Private John, Jr., com-
pany A 55
Port Brooke, Florida 54
Fort McPherson, Georgia 63
Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, 68
70, 71, 76, 80
Fort Tampa, Florida 63
Forty-sixth Separate Company,
National Guard, New
York, designated com-
pany H 46
of Amsterdam, New York, 49
Fourteenth Battalion, Third
Brigade, National Guard,
New York 45, 47, 48
Fourteenth Eegiment Infan-
try, New York Volunteers.. 52
Fourth Army Corps. . 54, 63, 66, 67
Second Division 66
Third -Division 66, 71
Fowler, Major E. S 80
Franklin Junction, Va 73, 74
Frear, Private Charles W.,
company A, commis-
sioned second lieutenant
company E, 203rd Eegi-
ment, New York Volun-
teers 66
resigned 66
French, Private Windsor P.,
company L, commissioned
second lieutenant in 201st
Eegiment, New York Volun-
teers 60
Q. A. R. VETERANS 73
Galbraith, First Lieutenant
William J., company D 48
Gale, Captain Edward Court-
land, company A 48, 66
Gatchell, Lieutenant George
W., Fifth Artillery 76
'General Field Hospital 57, 58
General Hospital for Insane at
Washington, D. C 76
Germauia Hall, Troy, First
Battalion, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers, quartered in 74
Gillespie, General George L.,
U. S. A 71, 74
Glens Falls, New York 73
Second Kegiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers,
Fourteenth Battalion,
company K, Eighteenth
Separate Company of... 48
State armory 81
Goo, Private James W., com-
pany G, injured 58
Gould, Henry W., company P,
injured 58
PAGE
Grant, Colonel Frederick Dent,
Fourteenth New York Vol-
unteer Infantry 53
Gray, First Lieutenant Emmet
J., company 1 49
Green, Private Griswold, com-
pany A, appointed second
lieutenant 301st Eegiment,
New York Volunteers 60
Greene, First Lieutenant
George deB., company E, 49
appointed acting assistant
adjutant-general 52
mustered in as battalion
adjutant 59
mustered out of United
States service 81
Greenough, Captain Ernest A.,
company I .- 49
commissioned first lieuten-
ant company I, Twelfth
New York Volunteers ... 82
Grobecker (Groebecker), Pri-
vate Andrew F., company C,
injured 58
HALL, HECTOR, D. D., chap-
lain . . . 47
resigned 55
honorably discharged from
United States service... 56
Hall, General Robert H., U. S.
A 68
Hamilton, Corporal William
A., company C, injured 58
Hardin, Colonel Edward E 47
50, 52, 53, 73, 75, 76, 79, 211
captain Seventh United
States Infantry, ap-
pointed colonel volun-
teers 45
oath administered to and
assumed command of
regiment 46
bids regiment good-
bye , 77, 78
relinquished commission.. 83
Hare, Private George L., Jr.,
company A, appointed sec-
ond lieutenant 303nd Eegi-
ment, New York Volunteers, 60
Harper, Private John, com-
pany C, injured 58
Hayner, Corporal Horatio H.,
company A, died 78
Hempstead Plains, New
York 45, 82
Hills, Captain Elbridge R.,
Fifth United States Artil-
lery 75, 79
Hillsborough bay, Florida .... 54
Index — Second Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 381
PAGE
Hislop, Private Thomas W.,
company A, mustered in
as battalion adjutant... 59
lieutenant, battalion adju-
tant, appointed regi-
mental commissary 66
lieutenant, mustered out of
United States service.... 83
Hogan, Daniel J., mustered in
as sergeant company K, 48
appointed second lieuten-
ant . 48
sergeant, mustered in as
second lieutenant .. 59,
Eolden, Private James A.,
company L, died 77
Hoosick Falls, Nevy York 73
Thirty-second Separate
Company of 49
Sitate armory at 80
Hospital Corps, United States
Army ^ 70
Hudson, Brigadier-G e n e r a 1
Joseph K., United States
Volunteers 62
Hughes, First Lieutenant
George, compa'ny'H 49
Hunisville, Alabama 69, 70
Hutton, Second Lieutenant
Donald J., company
E . , 49, 62
mustered in as iEirst lieu-
tenant 59
JERSEY CITY, NEW JER=
SEV . . . 50
Jessup, Private Frederick W.,
company D, died. 79
Jones, Private Alson L., com-
pany M, transferred to Di-
vision Hospital Corps 60
Jones, Private John S., com-
pany F, injured 58
Jordan, Private Elmer J., com-
pany L, died. 70
KENNEDY, PRIVATE WIL=
LIAM S., company A, died.. 75
Killian, , Private John, com.-
pany E 76
discharged from regiment, 76
Kinne, Private George W.,
company D, transferred to
First Eegiment, United
States Volunteer Engineers, 56
Kittayama, Frank..'........... 68
Kline, Brigadier-General Jacob,
U. S. A.. :'.:.....:... 66
ill '.:'..'.' 68
FAQE
LANE, PRIVATE LELAND T.,
transferred to First
Eegiment, United States
Volunteer Engineers ... 63
company A, comrdissioned
second lieutenant 202nd
Regiment 63
resigned 63
Leffingwell, Musician Henry K.,
company A 70
Legnard, Private Frank S.,
company L, died 66
remains of, sent to Sara-
toga Springs for inter-
ment . . . .: 66
Lester, Major James W 50
53, 61, 68, 78
mustered in. 46
commanding Fourteenth
Battalion, National
Guard, New Ydrk 47
paid and mustered out of
United Sttates service ... 80
Lincoln, General , James Kush; 68
Lloyd, Lieutenant-Colonel
James H 50, 61, 72
major Thirteenth ..Bat-
talion, appointed lieuten-
ant-colonel . . , 45
mustered in • , 46
commanding Thirteenth
Battalion, National
Guard, Nevy York 47
mustered out of United
States service 82
Lockharl, Private "William J.,
company G, transferred to
United States Volunteer
Signal Corps . . .' 76
Long Island City, Long
Island 50
Lynchburg, Virginia. , . 73
Lytle Station, Georgia.. 51
MAQILL, PRIVATE JAMfeS
S., company A, discharged . . 78
Maley, Private John W., com-
pany B, transferred to Di-
vision Hospital Corps 60
Martin, Sergeant-Major Wil-
liam Swift, Sixth Sepa-
rate Conipany 47
sergeant-major, mustered
in as battalion adjutant, 59
mustered out of United
States service 83
Masten, Second Lieutenant
Daniel W., company H 49
Maxcy, Second Lieutenant Car-
foil Lewis, company
A .48, 59
resigned 55
332 Index — Second Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Maxcy, Second Lieutenant Car-
roll Lewis, honorably dis-
charged from United States
service 65
McArthur, Private William H.,
company A, died 70
McBride, Private Andrew, com-
pany C, injured 58
McChesney, Quartermaster-
Sergeant Calvin S., company
A, mustered in as second
lieutenant company A 59
McGaffin, First Lieutenant
John J., cQmpany B 48
mustered in as captain 59
McNair, Corporal Frederick
Park, company L, com-
missioned second lieu-
tenant, 202nd Regiment,
New York Volunteers... 80
died 80
McNamara, Private Thomas
W., company L, died 76
McNeil (McNeill), First Ser-
geant Thomas J., mustered
in as second lieutenant com-
pany B 62
Mead, Captain Harry, assist-
' ant surgeon Sixty-iSfth
Kegiment, New York Volun-
teers SO
Mohawk, Thirty-first Separate
Company of 49
State armory at 81
Morrison, Private Charles H.,
company D, died 68
Morton, Private Frederick E.,
company C, discharged 66
Mott, First Lieutenant Seldon
W., company K 48
Mount Pleasant, New York... 79
Murphy, Private Edward 2d,
company A 51
commissioned captain and
assistant adjutant-gen-
eral 51
discharged . . . . , 62
NATIONAL GUARD, NEW
YORK 36,39,41,43, 45
Second Battery. 46
Second Begiment Infantry:
Thirteenth Battalion . . 47
Fourteenth Battalion,
Third Brigade..^. 45, 47
Fifteenth Battalion,
Third Brigade.... 45, 47
Sixth Separate Com-
pany 47
Twenty-first Separate
Company 47
PAGE
National Military ' Park,
Chickamauga, Georgia 51
Nebraska Volunteers, Second
Regiment Infantry 53
Nellis, Private Webster W.,
company H, died 79
New Jersey, Central Railroad
of 50
New York, ladies of Pension
Bureau, Washington, en-
tertained regiment 73
National Guard 36
39, 41, 42, 45
Second Battery 46
Second Regiment In-
fantry:
Thirteenth Bat-
talion 47
Fourteenth Bat-
talion, Third
Brigade 45, 47
Fifteenth Bat-
talion, Third
Brigade 45, 47
Sixth Separate
Company 47
Twenty-first Separ-
ate Company.... 47
New York State 45, 46
60, 61, 69, 71, 72, 74
adjutant-general of 74
New York Volunteers, Second
Regiment Infantry 51
54, 55, 56, 58, 62, 63
66, 69, 72, 76, 77, 156
history of 45-83
composed of three bat-
talions of National
Gvfard, New York 45
physical examination of . . . 46
., reviewed by Governor
Frank S. Black 46
list of officers and com-
panies of 47-50
started for Chickamauga,
Georgia 50
ordered to Tampa, Florida, 53
marched to Rossville, Ten-
nessee 53
list of officers of, mustered
in at Tampa, Florida ... 59
mustered by Colonel Har-
din 60
ordered to Fernandina,
Florida 64
dinner given by oificers of, 67
received hospital supplies
from friends 69
to go to Sand Lake, New
York 70
transferred to Department
of the East j\
Index — Second Regiment, N. Y. State VoiUNTBEES. 333
PAGE
New York Volunteers, Second
Eegiment Infantry:
welcome at Troy, New
York 73
last evening parade of 77
officers messed for last
time 78
companies assembled at
respective armories to
await muster-out. ... 79
physical examination of
members of ; . 80
Thirteenth Battalion, list
of officers and com-
panies of 48
company A, Sixth Sep-
arate Company,
of Troy 48
list of officers of, 48
company B, Seventh
Separate Com-
pany of Cohoes . . 48
list of officers of, 48
company C, Twelfth
Separate Com-
pany of Troy. . . 48
list of , officers of, 48
company D, Twenty-
first Separate
Company, of
Troy 48
list of officers of, 48
Fourteenth Battalion, list
of officers and com-
panies of 48—49
company I, Ninth Sep-
arate Company
of Whitehall 49
list of officers of, 49
company K, Eig-hteenth
Separate Com-
pany, of Glens
Falls 48
list of officers of, 48
company L, Twenty-
second Separate
Company, of
Saratoga Springs 49
liSit of officers of, 49
company M, Thirty-
second Separate
Company, of
Hoosick Falls .. 49
list of officers of, 49
Fifteenth Battalion, list
of officers and com-
panies of 49
company E, Thirty-
sixth Separate
Company, of
Schenectady 49
list of officers of, 49
PAGE
New York Volunteers, Second
Regiment Infantry:
Fifteenth Battalion:
company F, Thirty-
seventh Separate
Company, of
Schenectady 49
list of officers of, 49
company G, Thirty-
first Separate
Company, of
Mohawk 49
list of officers of, 49
company H, Forty-
sixth Separate
Company, of
Amsterdam .... 49
list of officers of, 49
Twelfth Regnnent Infan-
try 82
Fourteenth Regiment In-
fantry 52
Twenty-second Regiment
Infantry 47
Sixty-fifth Regiment In-
fantry 80
Sixty-ninth Regiment In-
fantry 54, 67, 72
Seventy-first Regiment In-
fantry 79
Two Hundred and First
Regiment Infantry 60
Two Hundred and Second
Regiment Infantry 60
80, 82
Two Hundred and Third
Regiment Infantry 66
Nichols, Private Frederick P.
(Edward), Company C,
killed 57
remains of, sent to Troy
for interment 58
Ninth Separate Company
designated company 1 46
Ninth Regiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 67
Ninth Separate Company, Na-
tional Guard, New York, of
Whitehall, New York 49
Northern Alabama 69
O'BRIEN, PRIVATE MI-
CHAEL J., company C, died. 70
O'Brien, Private Pierce J., com-
pany C, transferred to Di-
vision Hospital Corps 60
Ohio, First Regiment 67
Olena, Private Edgar J., com-
pany D, died 76
One Hundred and Fifty-seventh
Regim^ent, Indiana 67
334 Index — Second Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
PARKER, PRIVATE ROB=
ERTSON A., company L, died 76
Parkersburg, Virginia 51
Parks, Corporal Frank L., Jr.,
company K, died 79
Parsons, Sergeant Charles E.,
company E, mustered in as
second lieutenant company
E 63
Paymaster's' Department 69
Pension Bureau, Washington,
New York ladies of, enter-
tained regiment 73
Phelan, Adjutant James J.,
Thirteenth Battalion, Na-
tional Gua-rd, New York, 47
mustered in as captain and
adjutant 70
mustered out 82
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.... 51
Philadelphia and Reading Rail-
way 50, 51
Pinar del Rio, Cuba 61
Plant System, road of the 64
Port Tampa,- Florida. ... 54, 59; 60
Porto Rico 67
Potter, Second Lieutenant-
Louis E., company M 49
Powers, Private Auer E., com-
pany M, died 71
Purman, Corporal William M.,
company E, transferred
First United State Volunteer
Engineers — 58
Putpam, Private Frank A.,
company M, died 76
QUARTERMASTER'S DE-
PARTMENT 72
Queen and Crescent Railway.. 51
RICH, CAPTAIN AMOS
COOKE, company L, 49
Roach, Private Royal T., com-
pany K, died.. SO
Rome and Columbus Railroad, 51
Rossville, Tennessee, Reginient,
marched to S3
RufEner, Captain Ernest L., as-
sistant surgeon Sixty-fifth
Regiment, New York Volun-
teers , 80
Ryan, Private William P., com-
pany C, injured 58
SAND LAKE, NEW YORK. ... 74
Santiago, Cuba 61, 62
yellow fever at. 63
Saratoga Springs, New York,
Twenty-second Separate
Company of...;.. 49, 66, 73
State armory at 80
PAGB
Schenectady, New York... 73, 79
coiapany E, Thirty-sixth
Separate Company of . . . 49
company F, Thirty-seventh
Separate Company of . . . 49
State armory at 81
Schermerhorn, Private Louis
C, company F, injured 58
Schwarte, First Lieutenant
John A., company L 49
Scidmore, Private William W.,
company C, injured 58
Searing, Private' William J.,
company L, died 70
Second Battalion 61
62, 65, 72, 78
Second Infantry, two deaths.'. 81
Second and Third Battalions
quartered In Statfe armory,
Troy 74
Second Battery,. National
Guard, New York 46
Second Division, Fourth Army
Corps . . 66
hospital at Fernandina,
Florida . . 68
Second Regiment Cavalry, U.
S. A 67
Second Regiment Infantry,
Nebraska . . 53, 54
Second Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers. . . 51
54, 55, 56, 58, 62, 63
66, 69, 72, 76, 77, 156
history of 45-83
composed' of three battal-
ions of National Guard,
New York 45
physical examination of
members of 46
reviewed by Governor
Prank S. Black 46
list of ofBcers and com-
panies of 47-50
started' for Chickamauga,
Georgia 50
ordered to Tampa, Florida, 53
marched to Rossville, Ten-
nessee 53
list of officers of mustered
in at Tampa, Florida.... 59
mustered by Colonel Har-
din 60
ordered to Fernandina,
Florida 64
dinner given by officers of, 67
received hospital supplies
from friends 69
to go to Sand Lake, New
York 70
transferred to Department
of the East. ..'... 71
Indbx — Second Rhgimhnt, N. Y. State Volunteers. 335
PAGE
Second Begiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers:
accorded a welcome at
Troy, New York 73
last evening parade of.... 77
officers messed for last
time 78
companies assembled at
respective armories to
await muster-out 79
physical examination of
members of 80
Thirteenth Battalion, list
of officers and
companies of . . . 48
company A, Sixth
Separate Co.,
of Troy 48
list of officers
of 48
company B,
Seventh Sep-
arate Com-
pany, of
Cohoes 48
list of officers
of 48
company C,
Twelfth Sep-
arate Com-
pany, of
Troy 48
list of officers
of 48
company D,
Twenty-first
Separate Co.,
of Troy 48
list of officers
of 48
Fourteenth Battalion,
list of officers
and companies
of 48-49
company I, Ninth
Separate Co.,
of White-
hall 49
list of officers
of 49
company K,
Eighteenth
Separate Co.,
of Glens
Falls 48
list of officers
of 48
company L,
Twenty-sec-
ond Separ-
ate Company,
of Saratoga
Springs 49
PAGE
Second Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers:
Fourteenth Battalion:
company L, list of
officers of 49
company M,
Thirty-s e c-
ond Separ-
ate Com-
p a n y, of
Hoosick Falls 49
list of officers
of 49
Fifteenth Battalion,
list of offi-
cer s and
companies of 49
company B,
Ttirty-sixth
Separate Co.,
of Schenec-
tady 49
list of officers
of 49
company F,
37th Separate
Company, of
Schenectady 49
list of officers
of : 49
company G,
Thirty-first
Separate Co.,
of Mohawk.. 49
list of officers
of 49
company E,
Forty-sixtli
Separate Co.,
of Amster-
dam 49
list of officers
of 49
Seventh Begiment Infantry, U.
S. A 47, 82
Seventh Separate Company,
National Guard, New
York, designated com-
pany B 46
of Cohoes, New York 48
Seventy-first Regiment Infan-
try, New York Volunteers.. 79
Shafter, General William R.,
U. S. A 54
Sheary, Private Michael F.,
company A, commissioned
paymaster, with rank of
major. United States Volun-
ShefEold (Sheffield), Private
Delvert, company F, injured, 58
Sheffold, William A., company
F, deserted 70
33C Index — Second Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Shermali, First Lieutenant
Henry P., company A 48
Signal Corps, United States
Volunteers 76.
Simmoria (Simmons), Private
Frederick C, company C, in-
jured 58
Sisters of St. Joseph, building'
of turned into a hospital ... 69
Sixth Regiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 67
Sixth Separate Company, Na-
tional Guard, New York,
designated company A . . 46
of Troy, New York 47, 48
Sixty-fifth Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers 80
Sixth-ninth Regiment Infan-
try, New York Volun-
teers 54, 67, 73
and Second New York,
friendship between in-
creased 71
Snyder, Brigadier-General Si-
mon, U. S. A 54
South Glens Falls, New York, 79
Southern Florida 69
Southern Railroad 53
Stafford, Captain James, as-
sistant surgeon Seventy-first
Regiment, New York Volun-
teers 79
State armory at Amsterdam,
New York 81
Glens Falls, New York 81
Hoosick Falls, New York, 80
Mohawk, New York 81
Saratoga Springs, New
York 80
Schenectady, New York... 81
Troy, New York 80
refreshments served to
returning soldiers at, 73
Whitehall, New York 81
Stevens, Captain Frank L.,
company M 49
Story, Major John P., U. S. A.,
inspected and located camp
at Averill Park 71
Sullivan, Second Lieutenant
Michael, company D 48
mustered in 47
TAMPA, FLORIDA. . 53, 54, 56, 61
63, 65, 75, 81
regiment ordered to 52
terrific thunder storm
at 57-58
Tampa Camp, Florida 63, 66
Tampa Heights, Florida 56
Tenth Regiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 67
Thayer, Private Charles j L.,
company D, died.
•/■.
63
Thedford Ford Road, Chicka-
mauga battlefield / 51
Third Battalion, Second iRegi-
ment Infantry.. 61, 64, 78, 80
mustered in 46
mustered out of United
States service 81
fifteen deaths..., 81
Third Division, Fourth Army
Corps 62, 66, 67, 71
hospital, Fernandina, Flor-
ida 70, 76
Third Regiment, Cavalry, U. S.
A 67
Infantry, Ohio 67
Pennsylvania 67, 71
Thirteenth Battalion, Third
Brigade, National Guard,
New York 45, 47, 48
Thirty-first Separate Company,
National Guard, New
York, designated com-
pany G 46
of Mohawk, New York 49
Thirty-secon-d Regiment, In-
fantry, Michigan 66, 67
Thirty-second Separate Com-
pany, National Guard,
New York, of Hoosick
Falls 49
designated company M 46
Thirty-sixth Separate Com-
pany, National Guard,
New York, designated
company E 46
of Schenectady, New York, 49
Thirty-seventh Separate Com-
pany, National Guard,
New York, designated
company F 46
of Schenectady, New York, 49
Thompson, Second Lieutenant
William L., company A, 62
mustered in as second lieu-
tenant company B 59
commissioned second lieu-
tenant 201st Regiment,
New York Volunteers... 61
resigned 61
Todd, Private Hiram C, com-
pany L, appointed second
lieutenant company A, 202nd
Regiment, New York Infan-
try 61
Townsend, First Lieutenant
Rufus Martin, company
C 48
appointed chief commis-
sary of subsistence 56
Index — Second Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 337
PAGE
Townsend, First Lieutenant
Rufus Martin, appointed
commissary of subsist-
ence. United States Vol-
unteer service 79
discharged from United
States service 79
Treanor (Trainor), Captain
John Patrick, company
C 48, 68
Troops A and C acted as es-
cort 46
Troy, Nevi' York. . 55, 63, 66, 70, 71
73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80
City Hospital 76, 77
Second Kegiment Infan-
try, New York Vol-
unteers, Thirteenth
Battalion:
company A, Sixth
Separate Company
of 48
company C, Twelfth
Separate Company
of 48
company D, Twenty-
first Separate Com-
pany of 48
State armory, refresh-
ments served to return-
ing soldiers at 73
Turkey creek, Florida 53
Twelfth Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers 82
Twelfth Separate Company,
National Guard, New
York, designated com-
pany C 46
of Troy, New York 48
Twenty-first Separate Com-
pany, National Guard,
New York 47
designated company D.... 46
of Troy, New York 48
Twenty-second Regiment In-
fantry, New York Volun-
teers 47
Twenty-second Separate Com-
pany, National Guard,
designated company L. .. 46
of Saratoga Springs, New
York 49
Two Hundred and First Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 60, 61
Two Hundred and Second
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers.. 60, 61, 80, 82
Two Hundred and Third Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 66
22
PAGE
UNITED STATES ARMORY,
Hospital Corps 70
Seventh Infantry 47
service 55 76, 79, 80, 81, 82
Volunteer Army 45
Volunteer Engineers, First 52
55, 56, 63
volunteer service 79
Volunteer Signal Corps 75
Volunteers 39
42, 45, 55, 62, 78
VAN DEUSEN, PRIVATE
WRIGHT, company D 59
Vunk, Captain Darwin E., com-
pany H 49
WADE, MAJORoQENERAL
JAMES F., U. S. A., First
Army Corps 53
Wager, Quartermaster-Ser-
geant Chester G., Twenty-
first Separate Company, Na-
tional Guard, New York, not
mustered in 47
Wales, Private Edward D.,
company A, injured 58
Walker, Private LeRoy E.,
company Ei, transferred to
Hospital Corps, U. S. A 70
War Department.. 51, 66, 71, 78, 79
War, Secretary of 55, 61, 70
Ward, Lieutenant Philip R.,
Fifth Artillery 76
Warren, Private Eugene, com-
pany A 55
Washington, D. C 51, 62, 64, 72
general hospital for insane
at 76
Watson, Private Worden A.,
company G, discharged 70
Wells, Second Lieutenant Al-
bert, company F 49
West, Private Tracy E., com-
pany L, died 68
Whalen, Private John J., com-
pany C 65
White, Seccfnd Lieutenant Ed-
ward J., company B 48
mustered in as first lieu-
tenant company .B 59
Whitehall, New York, Ninth
Separate Company of... 49
State armory 81
Williamson, Private Esek B.,
company A, appointed sec-
ond lieutenant 201st Regi-
ment, New York Volun-
teers .: eft
338 Index — Second Ehgiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Wilson, First Lieutenant John
S., appointed assistant
surgeon Second Kegi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers . , 47
resigned 47
appointed surgeon Twenty-
second Begiment Infan-
try, New York Volun-
teers 47
Private Warren P., com-
pany K, died 75
Witherstine, Captain Horatio
P., company G 49
Wood, First Iiientenant Walter
A., Jr., company M 49
appointed brigade commis-
sary S2
on ten days' sick leave.... 66
PAGE
Woodcock, Corporal Samiiel
C, company A, died ; . . . 79
Wright, Lieutenant Sylvester
W., not mustered in 47
Wylie, Sergeant John L., com-
pany D, died 75
YATES, MAJOR AUSTIN
A 60, 72, 78
mustered in 46
commanding Fifteenth
Battalion, National
Guard, New York.... 47, 49
, left Tampa on recruiting
service 56
mustered out of United
States service 81
INDEX.
Sd Regiment New York State Volunteers.
For the 'sake of oonTenience, each one of the five military orfcanizations included fa> this
report, has been indexed separately. The general ind«z which embraces the entire report
begins on pajce 381. — State Histoiuan. •
PAGE
ALBANY, New York 83, 107
Allen farm, Virginia 92, 95
on Difficult Bun, 'First
Brigade, excepting
Twenty-second Kansas
Begiment, ordered to. . . . 93
Aqueduct bridge, Virginia.. 93, 94
Auburn, New York 85, 125
Second Separate Company
of 84
BABCOCK, CAPTAIN FRAN-
CIS G., JR., Forty-sev-
enth Separate Com-
pany 84, 85
company K, military rec-
ord of... 120-121
mustered out 121
Bailey, First Lieutenant Fred-
erick W. G., company A,
military record of 114
mustered out 114
Baltimore and Ohio Eailway. . 88
Barber, Captain Clarence
James, Second Separa,te
Company 84, 85
military record of 122
mustered out 122
Barnett, Colonel John T., 150th
Indiana 92
Beach Grove, North Carolina. . 108
Bemus (Bemis), Major and
Surgeon William Marvin, 123
mustered into United
States service as sur-
geon 86
military record of 110
mustered out 110
Black, Governor Frank S.. 87, 109
Boston, Massachusetts, First
Corps Cadets 109
FAOK
Brainard, First Lieutenant
James S., company F,
military record of 118
mustered out 118
Chaplain James Wilson... 133
military record of.... Ill
mustered out Ill
Brayton, Sergeant-Major Clar-
ence E., military record
of Ill
died 124
commissioned second lieu-
tenant 127
Bristoe, Virginia 100
Broad Bun, Virgfinia '. . 101, 102
creek, Virginia 100
Brovm, First Lieutenant Thur-
ber A., company L 106
military record of 121
mustered out 121
Bull Bun creek, Virginia 98
99, 100
temporary bridge con-
structed over 99
Bull Bun field, Virginia, regi-
ment arrived at 98
Burkes Station, Virginia, regi-
ment arrived at 96
left camp at 97
Butler, Captain John G., com-
pany C .'. 85, 93, 97
Forty-first Separate Com-
pany 85
to Syracuse to receive re-
cruits 91
military record of 115-116
mustered out 116
Butler, Captain Mighells Bach-
man, Forty-second Sepa-
rate Company, nominat-
ed major 83, 84
340 Index — Third Eegimbnt, N. Y. State Voluntbees.
PAGE
Butler, Captain Mighells Bach-
man, mustered into
United States service as
major 87
major 97, 104, 106, 123
military record of 108
mustered out 108
CAMP ALGER (RUSSELL
A.), Falls Churcli, Vir-
ginia 87, 88, 89, 90, 104
abandoned on account of
increase of sickness 94
Camp Black, Hempstead
Plains, Long Island, New-
York 84, 85, 87, 89
Camp Meade, Middletown,
Pa.. 104, 105, 127
First Battalion arrived at, 106
Second Battalion arrived
at 106
Campbil farm, Virginia, on
vyliicli Camp Alger wsls lo-
cated 88
Chain Bridge, Virginia 93
Charles, First Lieutenant Wil-
liam S., company K, mili-
tary record of 121
mustered out l2l
Clifton, Virginia 99
Company A 85, 114
Company B 85, 87, 115
Company C 85, 105, 111, 115
detailed for guard duty at
Dunn Loring, Virginia.. 93
Company D. . . 85, 86, 87, 93, 95, 137
mustered in United States
service 86
Company E 86, 87, 117
tv^enty'five men of and
Captain McBean enter-
tained by citizens of
Warrentown 104
Twenty-second Eegiment,
National Guard, Neve
York .^ 109, 136
Fifty-fourth Eegiment, Na-
tional Guard, New York, 114
Company F, Third Eegiment
Infantry, New York
Volunteers 86, 118
• detailed for guard duty at
Dunn Loring, Virginia , . 93
detailed to round up the
stragglers 97
Forty-eighth Eegiment 116
Company G, Third Eegiment
Infantry, New York
Volunteers 86, 118
detailed as provost guard, 99
Company H... 86, 103, 111, 119, 124
acted as color company, 90
PAGE
Company H, Seventh Eegiment,
National Guard, New
York 123
Fifty-fourth Eegiment, Na-
tional Guard, New York, 122
Fourth Eegiment, National
Guard, New Jersey 117
Company I, Third Eegiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 85, 93, 95, 120
Company K 85, 93, 95, 120
Company L.. 85, 93, 95, 106, 114, 121
acted as escort to colors . . 90
Company M 85, 114, 132
detailed as provost guard.. 101
Congress passed an act to in-
crease the army 83
Cotton, Frederick E., enlisted, 114
Crosby, Captain Murray Was-
son, company H, military
record of ; 119
mustered out 119
Crouch estate, Virginia 98
DAVIS, BRIQADIER=QEN=
ERAL GEORGE W., U. S. A., 89
Delaney Homestead, Virginia, 102
Deveaux, Second Lieutenant
Francis C, company E,
military record of 118
mustered out 118
Difficult Eun, Virginia 95
Doyle, Brigadier-General Peter
C, Fourth Brigade, National
Guard, directed to organize
one regiment J 83
Dunn Loring, V irginia 87
88, 94, 95, 105
regiment ordered to 87
companies C and F detailed
for guard duty at 93
EARLY, JUBAL A., Confeder-
ate general in 1861 98
Eigabroadt, Second Lieutenant
Frederick T., company A, 99
military record of 114
mustered out 114
Eighth Eegiment Cavalry, U.
S. A 113
Eighth Separate Company, of
Eochester 84, 114
became company A, Third
Eegiment 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Elmira, New York 85
Thirteenth Separate Com-
pany of 84
breakfast served to at, 106
Erie Eailway 84
Index — Third Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 341
PAGE
Escort to the colors, ceremony
of 90
FALES, CAPTAIN HENRY M.,
company G 86, 97
Twenty-fifth Separate
Company 84
military record of 118
mustered out 118
Falls Church, Virginia 88
90, 93, 94
Field and stafE of regiment
mustered out of United
States service 107
Fifth Kegiment Artillery, U.
S. A 107
Cavalry, U. S. A 86
Infantry, U. S. A 113
Fifty-fourth Regiment, Na-
tional Guard, New York,
company E 114
company H 123
xirsso Battalion, Third Kegi-
ment 88, 91
ordered out as provost
guard 97
arrived at Ciimp Meade.,.. 106
First Brigade, excepting
Twenty-second Kansas
Regiment, ordered to
iiUen farm on Difficult
Run 92
march of to Allen farm un-
justly criticised 92
reviewed by Brigadier-Gen-
eral Mark W. Sheaf e 93
First Corps Cadets, Boston,
Massachusetts 109
First Division, Second Army
Corps 94
hospital ambulance from,
overturned in a stream. . 105
First Separate Company, Third
Regiment Infantry, Na-
tional Guard, New York,
of Rochester 84, 90, 111
112, 113, 119, 120, 124
became company H, Third
Regiment Infantry 86
mustered out of United
States service 107
Fort Myer, Virginia, hospital
at 105
Forty-eighth Regiment, Na-
tional Guard, New York,
company A 116
company F 116
Forty-ninth Regiment, Na-
tional Guard, New York.... 108
Forty-first Separate Company,
of Syracuse 93, 111, 116
PAGE
Forty-first Separate Company,
became company C,
Third Regiment 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Forty-second Separate Com-
pany, of Niagara Palls.. 83
84, 87, 108, 117, 118
became company E, Third
Regiment 86
mustered out of United
States service 107
Forty-third Separate Com-
pany, of Clean 84, 93
113, 120
became company I, Third
Regiment 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Forty-seventh Separate Com-
pany, of Hornellsville. .. 84
93 113, 120, 121
became con3.pany K, Third
Regiment 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Forty-eighth Separate Com-
pany, of Oswego 85
93, 108, 116, 117
became company D, Third
Regiment 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Fourth Regiment, New Jersey
National Guard, company H, 117
Franchot, Captain Richard H.,
Forty-third Separate
Company 84, 85
military record of 120
mustered out 120
Fraser (Prazer), Principal Mu-
sician John E., company
L 133
military record of 113
mustered out 113
GAINESVILLE, Virginia 102
Garfield Hospital, Washington,
D. C 105
. Gasper, Second Lieutenant
George E., company B,
military record of 115
mustered out 115
Gatchell, Lieutenant George
W., Fifth United States Ar-
tillery 107
Geneva, New York 85
Thirty-fourth Separate
Company of 84
Gill, Private Thomas D., com-
pany D, died 127
342 Index — Third Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Gould, Color Bearer Sergeant
Emmet M., military rec-
ord of 113
mustered out 113
Graham, Major-General Wil-
liam M., U. S. A 89, 93, 105
Grenville, Second Lieutenant
Geojge A., company H,
military record of 120
mustered out 120
Gross, Colonel George P., Third
Missouri Infkntry Volun-
teers in Confederate service
during Civil War. 89
Grosvehor, Second Lieutenant
George H., company K,
military record of ..... . 121
mustered out 121
Guilfords Mills, Virginia 100
creek at 100
HAOER, CHIEF MUSICIAN
ARNOLD F 113, 123
military record of........ 112
mustered out 112
Hall, Captain Albert Morti-
mer, company D 85, 116
mustered as major 87
major 93, 94, 95, 105, 123
commanding Third Bat-
talion 87
military record of 108
mustered out 108
Happoldt estate, Virginia 98
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 137
Hart, Captain and Adjutant
Stephen P., Tvyenty-second
Eegiment, National Guard,
detailed by Governor as ad-
jutant 87
Hempsted Plains, Long Island,
New Y^rk 84
Henderson, Daniel B., company
D, enlisted ..,. 114
Henderson, Captain Henry B.,
Eighth Separate Com-
pany 84, 85
military record of 114
mustered out .• . 114
Hills, Captain Elbridge E.,
Fifth United States Artil-
lery '. 106
Hodgman, Assistant Surgeon
► Alfred Frederick 133
lieutenant, mustered into
United States service as
surgeon 86
military record of 110
mustered out , 110
Hoffman, Colonel Edvyard Mor-
ris 89, 93, 97, 100, 101
104, 106, 123, 135, 126
PAGE
Hoffman, Colonel Edveard Mor-
ris, appointed colonel,
Third Eegiment, Na-
tional Guard 83
mentioned . ■ ,. 84
acknowledges receipt of
colors presented to his
regfiment 90
presented with loving cup, 106
military record of 107
adjutant-general, New York
State 107
died 107
Holland, First Lieutenant John
B., company M, military
record of 122-123
resigned . . ■ 123
Hornellsville, New York 85
Forty-seventh Separate
Company of 84
Howland, Captain and Assist-
ant Surgeon Eeeve
■ Beecher 123
mustered into United
States service as surgeon 86
military record of 110
mustered out ,... 132
INDIANA, One Hundred and
Fiftieth Eegimsnt Infantry, 89
92, 95, 105
Inspector-General's Depart-
ment 110
JENNINGS, FIRST LIEUTEN=
ANT EDQAR S., com-
pany M, military record
of 123
mustered out 132
Jersey City, New Jersey 88
KANSAS, Twenty-second Eegi-
ment Infantry 89, 93, 105.
Kansas City, loving cup pre-
sented by regiment tp Third
Missouri regiment, now in
public library building at. . . 106
King, Albert J., enlisted 114
Kirby, Lieutenant-Colonel Wil-
liam .Maurice 133
general inspector rifle
practice, appointed lieu-
tenant-colonel Third
Eegiment, National,.
Guard . . .., ; 83
brigadier-general ......... 84
mustered in United States
service .,..., \ 87
detailed as provost mar-
shal-general. Second
Army Corps . . . .' 93
presented with loving cup, 106
Index — Third Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 343
PAGE
Kirby, Lieutenant-Colonel Wil-
liam Maurice, military
record of 107-108
mustered out 108
LA ROSE, CAPTAIN AN=
THIME WATSON.. 105, 123
military record of 110
mustered out 110
Lentz, Second Lieutenant
Charles B., company G,
military record of 119
mustered out 119
Lewis, Hospital Steward
George J 133
military record of..' 112
mustered out 112
Long Bridge, Virginia 88
Long Island City, Long Island, 88
Long Island Kailway 87
MANASSAS, Virginia.. 94, 97, 99
battlefield 99
Manassas Junction, Virginia.. 95
Third Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers,
ordered to 94
Manassas monument, Virginia, 99
Marks, Charles W., enlisted,
company L 114
Marshall estate, Virginia 96
Mason, First Lieutenant Sam-
uel J., company E., mili-
tary record of 117
mustered out 117
Mayer, First Lieutenant George
M., company I, military
record of . .' 120
mustered out 120
Mayrand (Maynard) , George
W., enlisted. Company C 114
McBean, Captain Hector Wil-
liam, company E 86
mustered into United
States service 87
to Niagara Palls to receive
recruits 91
and twenty-five men of
company E entertained
by citizens of Warren-
ton 104
military record of 117
mustered out 117
McBride (MacBride), Private
■ John, company A, enlisted . . 114
McDonald, Second Lieutenant
John, company D, mili-
tary record of 117
mustered out 117
McKay, First Lieutenant Wil-
liam L., company B, mili-
tary record of 115
mustered out 115
PAGE
McKinley, President William..
135, 126
authorized to call for
125,000 men 83
made requisition on Gov-
ernor New York State . . 83
Medina, New York 86
Twenty-ninth Separate
Company of 84
Merrill, Second Lieutenant
Leon A., company L,
military record of 122
mustered out 128
Middletown, Pennsylvania, 104, 105
MiUer, First Lieutenant Frank
J., company C 105
\ military recqfd of 116
mustered out lie
Missouri Volunteers, Third
Regiment Infantry 91
103, 105
came into Camp Alger 89
presented with loving cup
by Third New York Regi-
ment 106
Mitchell, First Lieutenant
James B 99
first lieutenant and battal-
ion adjutant, military
record of Ill
resigned ill
commissioned second lieu-
tenant, U. S. A Ill
promoted to battalibn ad-
jutant 116
discharged 124
Montgomery, Second Lieuten-
ant Alton W., company
M, military record of . . . 123 '
mustered out 123
Morgan, Quartermaster-Ser-
geant Herbert A Ill
military record of 112
appointed clerk commis-
sary department 112
discharged 124
Mosby's Guerillas 103
Myer, Colonel Albert James,
mustered in as adjutant, 87
promoted to major 202nd
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 93
military record of 109
aide-de-camp to Governor
Frank S. Black 109
resigned 109
promoted as major 202nd
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers ., 109
discharged 124
344 Index — Third Ebgiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Myers, Private Leonard K,
company M, transferred to
band 114
NATIONAL GUARD, NEW
JERSEY, Fourth Regiment,
company H 117
National Guard, New York, 86, 127
Third Regiment Infantry,
composed of organi-
zations of Fourth
Brigade 83
ordered to Camp Black, 84
list of companies and
officers of 84-85
became Third Regi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 85
One Hundred and Tenth
Battalion, Company D..
107, 131
First Separate Company. . Ill
112, 113, 119, 134
Second Separate Company, 108
109, 110, 112, 120, 122, 123
Eighth Separate Company, 114
Thirteenth Separate Com-
pany 110
Twenty-fifth Separate Com-
pany 112, 118, 119
Twenty-ninth Separate
Company 108, 117, 118
Thirtieth Separate Com-
pany 109
110, 112, 113, 121, 122
Thirty-fourth Separate
Company 108, 115
Forty-first Separate Com-
pany Ill, 116
Forty-second Separate
Company 108, 117, 118
Forty-third Separate Com-
pany 113, 120
Forty-seventh Separate
Company 113, 120, 121
Forty-eighth Separate
Company 108, 117
Seventh Regiment, Com-
pany H 122
Twenty-second Regiment.. 87
company E 109, 126
Forty-eighth Regiment,
company A 116
company F 116
Forty-ninth Regiment 108
Fifty-fourth Regiment,
company E 114
company H 132
Sixty-fifth Regiment 109
Nellis, First Lieutenant George
1 W., company M, military
record of 122
PAGE
Nellis, First Lieutenant George
W., resigned 122
promoted as captain and
commissary. United
States Volunteers 132
New Jersey National Guard,
Fourth Regiment, company
H 117
New York Central Railway, 84, 85
New York city 90
New York National Guard ; . 83
86, 127
Third Regiment Infantry,
composed of organi-
zations of Fourth
Brigade S3
ordered to Camp Black, 84
list of companies and
officers of 84-85
became Third Regi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 85
One Hundred and Tenth
Battalion, Company D..
107, 121
First Separate Company. . Ill
112, 113, 119, 124
Second Separate Company, 108
109, 110, 112, 130, 123, 123
Eighth Separate Company, 114
Thirteenth Separate Com-
pany 110
Twenty-fifth Separate Com-
pany 113, 118, 119
Twenty-ninth Separate
Company 108, 117, 118
Thirtieth Separate Com-
pany 109
110, 113, 113, 121, 122
Thirty-fourth Separate
Company 108, 115
Forty-first Separate Com-
pany Ill, 116
Forty-second Separate
Company 108, 117, 118
Forty-third Separate Com-
pany 113, 120
Forty-seventh Separate
Company 113, 120, 131
Forty-eighth Separate
Company 108, 117
Seventh Regiment, Com-
pany H 122
Twenty-second Regiment.. 87
company E 109, 136
Forty-eighth Regiment,
company A 116
company F 116
Forty-ninth Regiment 108
"Fifty-fourth Regiment,
company E 114
company H 122
Index — Third Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 345
PAGE
New York National Guard:
Sixty-fifth Reg-lment 109
New York State 83, 108, 127
New York Volunteers:
Third Regiment Artillery, 107
Third Regiment Infantry. . 94
102, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110
112, 113, 115, 124, 125, 127
history of 83-128
physical examination of
members of 86
ordered to Dunn Lor-
ing, Virginia ....... 87
starts for Camp Alger, 88
colors presented to by
Talbot Olyphant ... 90
receives payment for
service in United
States Army 90
ordered to be increased
to maximum strength, 91
over 300 recruits added
to 91
suffered heavy loss of
men from typhoid
fever 91
ordered to Manassas
Junction 94
except Third Battalion,
ready to march 95
arrived at Burkes Sta-
tion 96
left camp at Burkes
Station 97
arrived at Bull Run
Field 98
time consumed in
march 103
ordered to relieve Sec-
ond Tennessee 104
presented loving cup
to Third Missouri
Regiment 106
started for home sta-
tions 106
breakfast served to at
Elmira, New York. . 106
furloughed for thirty
days 106
military record of offi-
cers and non-com-
missioned stafE offi-
cers 107-133
military record of non-
commissioned stafE. .
111-114
military record of
company officers, 114-123
roster of field, stafE
and non-commis-
sioned StafE 123
PAGE
New York Volunteers:
Third Regiment Infantry:
list of battalions and
officers of 85, 86
First Battalion, list of
companies and officers
of 85
Second Battalion, list of
companies and officers
of 85
Third Battalion, list of
companies and officers
of 86
company A, military rec-
ord of officers of 114
company B, military rec-
ord of officers of.... 115-116
company D,- military rec-
ord of officers of 116-117
company E, military rec-
ord of officers of 117-118
company F, military rec-
ord of officers of 118
company G, military rec-
ord of officers of 118-119
company H, military rec-
ord of officers of 119-120
company I, military rec-
ord of officers of 120
company K, military rec-
ord of officers of 120-121
company L, military rec-
ord of officers of 121-122
company M, military rec-
ord of officers of 122-123
One Hundred and Forty-
Seventh Regiment In-
fantry 115
Two Hundred and Second
Regiment Infantry. . 93, 109
Two Hundred and Third
Regiment Infantry 115
Niagara Falls, New York 86
Forty-second Separate
Company of 84
Nice, First Lieutenant John L., 97
military record of ... . 118-119
mustered out - 119
Nicht, Musician Edward J.,
company M, transferred to
band 114
OHIO, Seventh Regiment, In-
fantry 104
Ohio troops 105
Olean, New York 85
Forty-third Separate Com-
pany of 84
Olyphant, Talbot, presents col-
ors to regiment 90
346 Index — Third Regiment, N. Y. State Voluntbees.
PAGE
One Hundred and Tenth Bat-
talion, National Guard, New
York, company D 107, 131
One Hundred Forty-seventh
Eegfiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 115
One Hundred Fiftieth Eegi-
ment Infantry, Indiana 89
92, 95, 105
Orr, Edward Emerson, enlisted
company K 114
Osweg-o, New York 86, 127
Forty-eighth Separate
Company of 85
PATTBERQ (Pattburg), First
Lieutenant Frederick L.,
company D, military rec-
ord of 117
mustered out 117
Peet House, Virg-inia 99
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . . . 105
Pierce, Second Lieutenant
Harry C, military record of, 116
Potomac river 92
Pritchard, Private Prank B.,
company K, transferred to
band 114
QUARTERMASTER'S DE-
PARTMENT 95
its efficiency proved ... 98, 103
Quigley, First Lieutenant and
Battalion Adjutant John
Aloysius 110, 126
mustered in United States
service as battalion adju-
tant 87
military record of 109
died . . 109
announcement of his
death 125-126
REGIMENTAL BAND, account
of 113-114
Eevolution, Sons of the, pre-
sent colors to the regi-
ment 89, 90
Eoberts, Cyrus S., Colonel, U.
S. A., letter from. 94
Eochester, New York. . . 85, 86, 124
First Separate Company
of 84
Second Separate Company
of 84
Eoss, Captain Sanderson A.,
Twenty-ninth Separate
Company 84
company F 86
military record of 118
mustered out 118
PAGE
SADLER, CAPTAIN JOHN T.,
Thirtieth Separate Com-
pany 84
company L 85
ordered to Elmira to re-
ceive recruits . , 91
military record of 121
mustered out 121
St. Clare, Principal Musician
Lewis V. S 123
military record of 113
mustered out 113
Sangsters Cross Eoads, Vir-
ginia 98
Schuyler, Captain Walter S.,
Fifth United States Cavalry,
administered oath to regi-
ment 86
Second Army Corps 93, 95
first division 94
second division 89
94, 96, 97, 98
Second Battalion, Third Eegi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 87, 91
ordered out as provost
guard 97
arrived at Camp Meade... 106
Second Division, Second Army
Corps...... 89, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
Second Eegiment Infantry,
Tennessee, detailed to pro-
vost guard ; 104
Second Separate Company of
Auburn 84, 108, 109, 110
112, 120, 122, 133, 126
became company M, Third
Eegiment 85
mustered out of United
States seryice 107
Seventh Eegiment Infantry,
National Guard, New York,
company H 122
Seventh Eegiment Infantry,
Ohio 104
Shattuck, Second Lieutenant
Algernon B., company F,
military record of 118
mustered out 118
Sheaf e, Brigadier-General Mark
W , 89, 104
First Brigade reviewed by, 93
Sixty-fifth Eegiment Infantry,
National Guard, New York.. 109
Staiith, Eeg'im.ental Adjutant
Frank B 125, 126
Smith, Captain and Adjutant
Frank Eugene, military
record of 109
mustered out 109
battalion adjutant 110
regimental adjutant 123
Index — Third Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 347
PAGE
Smith, First Lieutenant Frank
G, company H, military
record of 119
mustered out 119
Smith, Captain Lester Bord-
naan, company H. . . . 86, 125
First Separate Company.. 84
military record of 119
died 119
announcement of his
death 134^-135
Sons of the Revolution, pre-
sent colors to the regi-
ment 89, 90
Southern express 90
Southern Bailroad 88, 96
Spain 83
Stacey, Captain James George,
Jr., company B 85
mustered into United
States service as captain
company B 87
military record of 115
mustered out 115
Steele, Quartermaster-Sergeant
Albert M 123
military record of Ill
mustered out Ill
Stevens (Stearns), Private
John, company K, trans-
ferred to band 114
Stout, Musician Frederick H.,
transferred to band 114
Susquehanna river, Pennsyl-
vania 106
Syracuse, Nevsr York, Forty-
first Separate Company of.. 85
TENNESSEE, Second Regi-
ment detailed to provost
guard 104
Tenth Battalion, Third Regi-
ment, company X) 110
Tenth Regiment Infantry, U.
S. A 113
Third Battalion, Third Regi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 87
91, 93, 105
praised for conduct vyhile
on duty as provost
guard 94
companies I, K, L and D
detailed for provost
duty 95
on duty as provost guard, 104
Third Regiment Artillery,
Nevr York Volunteers 107
Third Regiment Infantry,
Missouri 91, 103, 105
at Camp Alger 89
PAGE
Third Regiment Infantry,
Missouri, presented with
loving cup by Third New
York Regiment 106
Third Regiment, National
Guard, New York, com-
posed of organizations
of Fourth Brigade 83
ordered to Camp Black 84
list of companies and offi-
cers of 84^-85
became Third Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 85
Third Regiment, New York
Volunteers 94
102, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110
112, 118, 115, 124, 125, 127
history of 83-138
physical examination of
members of 86
ordered to Dunn Loring,
-Virginia 87
starts for Camp Alger 88
colors presented to by Tal-
bot Olyphant 90
receives payment for ser-
vices in United States
Army 90
ordered to be increased to
maximum strength 91
over 300 recruits added to, 91
suffered heavy loss of men
from typhoid fever 91
ordered to Manassas Junc-
tion 94
except Third Battalion,
ready to march 95
arrived at Burkes Station, 96
left camp at Burkes Sta-
tion 97
arrived at Bull Run field.. 98
time on march 103
ordered to relieve Second
Tennessee 104
presented loving cup to
Third Missouri Regi-
ment 106
started for home stations, 106
breakfast served to, at El-
mira. New York 106
f urloughed for thirty days, 106
military record of officers
and non-commissioned
stafE officers 107-123
military record of non-
commissiioned stafE.. 111-114
military record of com-
pany officers 114-123
roster of field staff and
non-commissioned staff, 123
348 Index — Third Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Third Eegiment, New York
Volunteers:
list of battalions and offi-
cers of 85-86
First Battalion, list of
companies and oificers
of 85
Second Battalion, list of
companies and officers
of 85
Third Battalion, list of
companies and officers
of 86
company A, military rec-
ord of officers of 114
company B, military rec-
ord of officers of 115
company C, military rec-
ord of officers of 115-116
company D, military rec-
ord of officers of.... 116-117
company E, military rec-
ord of officers of..'.. 117-118
company F, military rec-
ord of officers of 118
company G, military rec-
ord of officers of 118-119
company H, military rec-
ord of officers of 119-130
company I, military rec-
ord of officers of 120
company K, military rec-
ord of officers of 120-121
company L, military rec-
ord of officers of 121-123
company M, military rec-
ord of officers of 112-123
Thirteenth Separate Company,
National Guard, New York, 110
Thirtieth Separate Company,
National Guard, New
York 93, 107, 109, 110, 113
113, 130, 131, 132
of Elmira 84
became company L 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Thirty-fourth Separate Com-
pany, National Guard,
New York 83, 87, 108, 115
of Geneva 84
became company B, Third
Eegiment 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Thirty-eight Separate Com-
pany, National Guard, New
York 116
Thoroughfare, Virginia 103
Thoroughfare Gap, Virginia.. 104
105, 106, 134, 125
PAGE
TifEt, Captain DeSolvo H.,
company D, military rec-
of 116
mustered out 116
Tonawanda, New York S6
Twenty-fifth Separate
Company of 84
Towne, Hospital Steward
Oscar H. G., military rec-
ord of 113
died 112
Tuck, Hospital Steward Alex-
ander C, company G.... 133
n[iilitary record of 112
mustered out 112
Twenty-second Eegiment In-
fantry, Kansas 89, 93, 105
National Guard, New York, 87
company E 109, 126
Twenty-fifth Separate Com-
pany, National Guard, New
York 113, 118, 119
Twenty-fifth Separate Com-
pany,' of Tonawanda 84
became company G, Third
Eegiment 86
mustered out of United
States service 107
Twenty-ninth Separate Com-
pany, of Medina 84, 93
108, 117, 118
became company F, Third
Eegiment 86
mustered out of United
States service 107
Two Hundred and Second
Eegiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 93, 109
Two Hundred and Third
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 115
UNITED STATES 83
Army Ill, 132
Fifth Artillery 107
' Fifth Cavalry 86
Eighth Cavalry 113
Fifth Infantry 113
Tenth Infantry 113
Military Academy 109
service 86, 111, 112, 113
114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119
130, 131, 123, 133, 125, 126
Volunteers 114, 123
VIRGINIA 103, 104
WAQNER (WADNER), WIL-
LIAM (Christian F. W.), en-
listed 114
War Department 87, 91
Index — Third Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 349
PAGE
Wardlaw, Sergeant-Major
George A 123
military record of Ill
mustered out Ill
Warrenton, Virginia, citizens
of 104
Washington, D. C 88, 93, 104
Garfield Hospital at 105
Weber, Second Lieutenant
Henry H., company I,
military record of 120
mustered out 120
Webster, Second Lieutenant
Horace, company B, ap-
pointed second lieuten-
ant Two Hundred and
Tbird Eegiment, New
York Volunteers 115
military record of 115
resigned 115
West Point Military Academy, 109
Wescott (Westcott), Alfred A.,
company L, transferred to
band 114
PAGE
Whitehall, North Carolina 108
Wilson, Captain William,
Thirty-fourth Separate
Company, nominated
major 83. 84
mustered into United
States service as major, 87
major 87, 97, 123
military record of 108
mustered out 108
Wolf Kun Shoals, Virginia 98
Woman's Relief Corps, served
refreshments to the men . . 104
YATES FORD, Virginia 99
Yattau (Yattan), Musician
Prank A., compaliy A, trans-
ferred to band 114
Young, Color Bearer William
B., military record of... 113
mustered out 113
Yotmg farm, Pennsylvania 106
INDEX
69th Regiment, New York State Volunteers.
For the sake of oonvenience, each one of ,the five znilitaiy organizations included in this
report has been indexed separately. The general indes which embraces the entire report
begins on page 381. — 9tatb Histobiah. *
PAGE
ALBANY, New York 128, 134
138, 141, 146
Alger, Kussell A., Secretary of
War 147
Andrews, Brigadier-General
John N., U. S. A., Second
Brigade 136, 137
Anthony, Colonel Charles,
Third Ohio 135
Atlanta, Georgia 140
BALTIMORE, Maryland 132
Baltimore and Ohio Bailway. . 132
Barron, Captain Hugh J., com-
pany Ij 130
resigned 147
Birmingham, Alabama 143
Black, Governor Frank S 131
133, 137
visited encampment of
Sixty-ninth Regiment 144
Bolger, Second Lieutenant
John F., company E. . . . 130
recommended to be first
lieutenant company E . . . 131
Bowman and Harsh, Messrs.
Birmingham, Alabama 143
Brooke, General John B., U.
S. A 132, 133, 134
Brown, Colonel Oscar J., Sec-
ond Georgia 135, 140
Wilson, and infirmary. . . . 143
Bryant, First Sergeant William
W., recommended to be
second lieutenant com-
pany H 133
resigned 150
CAMP BLACK, Hempstead
Plains, Long Island, New
York 188
PAGE
Camp Forse (Albert G.),
Huntsville, Alabama.... 146, 151
Camp Tampa, Florida 128
Camp Wheeler, Huntsville,
Alabama 141, 142
Carey, Private John, company
E, injured in wreck 145
Carpenter, Brigadier-General
Louis H., U. S. A., Fourth
Army Corps 134, 135, 149
Carroll, General Howard, in-
spected regiment 137
Casey, Private Thomas, com-
pany F,- died 151
Chaffee, General Adna E.,
lieutenant-general U. S. A.. 150
Chickamauga, Georgia 135
137, 138
Sixty-ninth Regiment In-
fantry, New York Volun-
teers, ordered to 132
National Military Park,
Georgia, regiment ar-
rived at 133
Cincinnati, Ohio 133, 140
Civil War 132
Collins, Surgeon George W. . . 139
Columbus, Ohio 146
Comba, General Richard, U. S.
A 150
Company A 129, 148
Company B ; 129, 133
141, 144, 147, 151
Company C 129, 131, 140, 148
Company D 129, 147, 148, 151
Company E.. 130, 131, 133, 142, 145
Company F 130, 151
Company G.. 130, 142, 143, 145, 148
Company H 130, 133
Company 1 130, 147, 148
Company K 130, 133, 144, 148
352 Index — Sixty-ninth Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Company L 130, 147, 148
Company M 131, 134, 148
Connellan, Sergeant John J... 143
Coppinger, Major-General Jolin
J., U. S. A 134, 136, 141
retired 149
Corps Hospital, Huntsville,
Alabama 148
Crimmins, Private Martin L.,
First Volunteer Cavalry,
commissioned second
lieutenant Sixty-ninth
Regiment 141
appointed second lieuten-
ant Regular Army 147
Cronin, Second Lieutenant
Francis J., company L . . 130
promoted first lieutenant
company L 148
recovered from illness 150
First Lieutenant James M.,
company G > . 130
regimental quarter-
master, resigned 150
Crowley, First Sergeant
Charles J., company D,
promoted second lieu-
tenant company D 148
Private Timothy F., com-
pany E, injured in
wreck 145
Cuba 150
Cumming (Cummings), Second
Lieutenant Bernard F., Jr.,
company G ' 130
DALEY, SURGEON ROBERT
M .143
Daly (Daley), Private Thomas,
company E, injured in
railway wreck 145
Chaplain William J. B 129
173, 173
Davidson, Regimental Adju-
tant John A 139
resigned 147
Delaney, Regimental Quarter-
master John A 129
Devane, Second Lieutenant
John P., recommended to
be first lieutenant com-
pany M 131
in hospital 134
recovered from illness.... 138
Devlin, Captain Daniel C, com-
pany H 130
Division Hospital 140
Donahue, Private Henry G.,
company E, injured in
wreck 145
Donnelly, Private John F.,
company D, died 151
PAGE
Donovan, Lieutenant-Colonel
Joseph L 129
Doran, Private Michael J.,
company E, injured in rail-
way wreck 145
Duffy, Colonel Edward 129
145, 151, 210
report of his regiment for
first month 128-134
report of his regiment for
second month 134-138
report of his regiment for
third month 138-141
report of his regiment for
fourth month 141-145
report of his regiment for
fifth month 146-148
report of his regiment for
sixth month 148-151
congratulated on appear-
ance of his command... 147
DufEy, Captain John E., com-
pany G 130
DufEy, John E., attorney, New
York 143
DufEy, Private Nicholas H.,
company B, died 144
Dwyer, Corporal Edward J.,
company K, died 144
EAST RIVER, New York 132
Emmet, Second Lieutepant
Grenville T., company I, 130
promoted regimental ad-
jutant 147
FARLEY, PRIVATE PETER,
company G, killed in wreck, •
143, 145
Fernandina', Florida 138
140, 142, 144
Sixty-ninth Regiment or-
dered to 139
Fifth Regiment Infantry, Ohio, 135
First Battalion, Sixty-ninth
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 129
First Division, Fourth Army
Corps 150
First Regiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 151
U. S. V ._.. 141
First Regiment Infantry,
Florida 135
Fitzgerald, Judge James,
makes presentation address
to regiment 132
Florida, First Regiment Infan-
try 135
Flynn, Private Maurice J.,
company C, died 140
Index — Sixty-ninth Regiment, N. ,Y. State Volunteers. 35!?
PAGE
Forse, Major Albert G., First
U. S. Cavalry, killed at Fort
San Juan, Cuba 151
Fort San Juan, Cuba 151
Fourth Army Corps.. 136, 141, 147
First Division 150
Second Bivision 134
Third Division 146
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick
preisented colors to regi-
ment 132
Fushsius, Surgeon John H 143
GAGE, LYMAN J., Secretary
of . Treasury 141
Gallagher, Private Charles A.,
company G, died 148
Georgia Second Regiment In-
fantry 135, 136, 140
Gilgar, Second Lieutenant Ed-
ward P., company K, 130, 133
recommended to be first
lieutenant and battalion
adjutant 131
Glennon, Sergeant Frank, com-
pany G, injured in wreck, 143
died from^ injuries 145
Glynn, Eegimental Quarter-
master-Sergeant Bernard J.,
recommended to be second
lieutenant company E 133
Gordon, Corporal William F.,
company D, injured in
wreck . . 145
Griffin, Captain Thomas J.,
company F 130
Guilfoyle, Second Lieutenant
William F., company A 139
Guthrie, Musician John
(Jacob), company G, injured
in vsTCck 145
HARAN, LIEUTENANT PAT=
RICK M., company A 139
Harsh, Messrs. Bovsrman and,
Birmingham, Alabama 143
Healy, Captain Charles, com-
pany 1 130, 140
Hempstead Plains, Long Isl-
and, New York 138
Henry, General Guy V., U. S.
.A 135, 136
Henry, First Lieutenant John
J., company B 139
Huntsville, Alabama 141
146, 147, 148, 149, 151
regiment ordered to 143
sketch of camp at 144
IOWA 141
National Guard 137
Ireland 132
23
PAGE
JACKSONVILLE, Florida, Six-
ty-nintJh. Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers, or-
dered to 130
Jersey City, New Jersey 132
KEANEY, FIRiST LIEUTEN=
ANT FRANCIS J., company
K 130
Kennan, Colonel Cortland- L.,
Fifth Ohio , 135
Kennedy, Private John, com-
pany M, died ■ 148
First Lieutenant John J.,
company M 131
recommended to be
captain cmnpany C. 131
absent ■ on sick leave . . 140
recovered from illness, 150
Keogh, First Sergeant Thomas
F., promoted second lieuten-
ant company L 148
Kilclive, Private Thomas, com-i
pany G, injured in wreck... 145
LALOR (LAWLOR), SER-
GEANT PATRICK W., com-
pany E, injured in vyreck 145
Lane, Private Thomas, com-
pany E, injured in wreck... 145
Leary, First Lieutenant Tim-
othy Hill, company H ■. . 130
Lexing-ton, Kentucky 133
Lewis, Private Charles, com-
pany E, injured in vyreck. . . 145
Lincoln, 'Brigadier-General
James Rush.... 137, 141, 142
congratulates Colonel
Duffy on appearance of
his regiment 147
praises the Sixty-ninth
Regiment 149
Little, Second Lieutenant
James H., company F 130
Long Island, New York 138
Louisville and Nashville Rail-
road 143, 145
Lynch, Captain Michael, com-
pany A 139
absent on sick leave 140
rejoined regiment, com-
pany A 144
Major Thomas F., First
Battalion 139
in hospital 134
recovered from illness, 138
Lytle Station, Gfforgia 133
MacARTHUR, COLONEL AR-
THUR, Paymaster 137
354 Index — Sixty-ninth Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Maguire, Second Lieutenant
Peter W., company H. . . 130
recommended to be cap-
tain company B 133
Manning, Sergeant John J.,
company E, injured in wreck, 145
Massarene, Sergeant-Major
WiUiam G., recommended
to be first lieutenant,
battalion adjutant 133
resigned 150
McCarthy, Captain Daniel,
company K 130
McCrystal, Captain Edward T.,
company B 129
recommended to be major, 133
First Lieutenant WilUam
J. 5^., company L 130
promoted captain com-
pany L 147
McGurrin, Colonel William T.,
Thirty-second Michigan 135
McKenna, Second Lieutenant
Patrick J., company C 12a
McMahon, Private Thomas,
company E, injured in
wreck 145
Meade, Private James, com-
pany E, injured in wreck..... 145
Merritt, Corporal Samuel,
company E, injured in
wreck 145
Michigan, Thirty-second Regi-
ment Infantry 135
Molahan, First Lieutenant Pat-
rick J., company 1 130
Montgomery, Alabama 142
Moran, Private John P., com-
pany G, injured in wreck 145
NATIONAL GUARD, Iowa.... 137
New York 128
Sixty-ninth Kegiment
Infantry 156
National Military Park, Chick-
amauga, Georgia, regiment
arrived at 133
Newcastle, Alabama 145
Sixty-ninth Regiment in
railroad wreck at 143
Newport, Kentucky 140
New York city 132, 138, 139
142, 144, 145, 148
New York National Guard... 128
Sixty-ninth Regiment In-
fantry 156
New York State 137, 150
New York Volunteers, Sixty-
ninth Regiment Infan-
try 54, 67, 72
134, 136, 138, 141, 146
147, 148, 151, 172, 173, 210
PAGE
New York Volunteers, Sixty-
ninth Regiment Infantry:
history of 128-152
composed of eight com-
panies 128
ordered recruited to twelve ,
companies 128
roster of ofEcers of... 129-131
list of recommended pro-
motions in 131, 133
mustered into United
States service l.'?2
colors presented to 132
ordered to Chickamauga,
Georgia 132
arrived at Ocala, Florida. . 135
•ordered to Jacksonville,
Florida 136
inspected by General Hovs^
ard Carroll 137
303 recruits added to 138
ordered to Fernandina,
Florida 139
many cases of typhoid
fever in 140
visited by Governor Leslie
M. Shaw 141
ordered to Huntsville, Ala-
bama 142
in railroad wreck at New-
castle, Alabama 143
encampment of, visited by
Governor Frank S.
Black 144
return of casualties in
wreck of 145
list of deaths for fifth
month 1 48
praised by General James
Rush Lincoln 149
list of resignations in, for
sixth month 150
camp of, inspected by War
Investigating Commis-
sion 151
list of deaths in during
sixth month 151
company A, officers of 129
company B, officers of 129
company C, officers of 129
company D, officers of ... . 129
company E, officers of 130
company F, officers of 130
company 6, officers of 130
company H, officers of 130
company I, officers of.... 130
company K, officers of.... 130
company L, officers of.... 130
company M, officers of . . . . 131
Noon, Private George, com-
pany E, injured in wreck. . . 145
North river, New York 132
Index — Sixty-ninth Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers. 355
PAGE
O'BRIEN, CAPTAIN JOHN E.,
company E 130
Private John J., company
K, died 148
Ocala, Florida, Sixty-ninth
Regiment, New York Volun-
teers, arrived at 135
O'Connell, First Sergeant
Michael, recommended
to be second lieutenant
company K 133
Private Michael, company
G, injured in wreck 145
Ohio, Third Regiment Infan-
try 135, 136, 140, 146
Fifth Regiment Infantry.. 135
O'Keefe, Corporal Gerald J.,
company E, injured in
wreck 145
Private William, company
G, injured in wreck 145
O'Sullivan, Second Lieutenant
Mortimer M., company
B 129
resigned 141
Oswald, Assistant Surgeon
Francis L., appointed sur-
geon 141
PALMETTO BEACH, Florida,
sketch of 135
camp at 135-136
unsanitary condition of
camp at 139
Pentony, Sergeant John, com-
pany E, injured in wreck. . . 145
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 132
Plunket, Captain James, com-
pany D 129
resigned 147
Port Tampa, Florida 136
Pyne, Private William, com-
pany B, died 151
QUINN, FIRST LIEUTENANT
THOMAS J., company C..., 129
RAMSAY, SURGEON GEORGE
D., resigned 141
Beardon, Private Thomas J.,
company E, injured in
wreck 145
Reilly, Private John, company
M, died 148
Patrick, teamster, injured
in virreck 145
Eeville, First Lieutenant
Philip E., company F 130
Roche, Captain John J., com-
pany M 131
Roe, General Charles F., Fifth
Brigade, National Guard,
New York 128, 129
PAGE
Rooney, Second Lieutenant
Leo J. F., company M. . . . 135
first sergeant, recom-
mended to be second
lieutenant 131
Rossville, Tennessee 134, 135
Ryan, First Lieutenant John
J., recommended to be
captain company E 131
First Lieutenant Nicholas
J., company E 130
ST. PATRICK, FRIENDLY
SONS OF, presented colors
to Regiment 132
Santiago, Cuba... 150
Scanlon, Sergeant-Major John
P., recommenced to be
second lieutenant com-
pany E 131
second lieutenant, recom-
mended to be first 'lieu-
tenant, battalion adju-
tant 133
Schuyler, Captain Walter S.,
U. S. A 132
Second Battalion, Sixty-ninth
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 129
Second Division, Third Army
Corps 133
Fourth Army Corps 134
Second Regiment Infantry,
Georgia 135, 136, 140
Shafter, General William R., U.
S. A 135
Shaw, Governor Leslie M.,
visited Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment , 141
addressed Sixty-ninth
Regiment 142
Sherlock, Private James J.,
company E, injured in
wreck 145
Sixty-ninth Regiment Infan-
try, National Guard,
New York 156
New York Volunteers 54
67, 72, 134, 136, 138
141, 146, 147, 148
151, 172, 173, 210
history of 128-152
composed of eight
companies 128
ordered recruited to
twelve companies 128
roster of officers
of 129-131
list of recommended
promotions in.. 131, 133
mustered into United
States service 132
356 Index — Sixty-ninth Regiment, N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Sixty-ninth Regiment Infan-
try, National Guard, New
York:
NeT7 York Volunteers:
colors presented to... 132
ordered to Chicka-
mauga, Georgia 133
arrived at Ocala, Flor-
ida 135
ordered to Jackson-
ville, Florida 136
inspected by General
Howard Carroll..... 137
303 recruits added to . . 138
ordered to Fernandina,
, Florida 139
many cases of typhoid
fever in 140
visited by Governor
Leslie M. Shaw 141
ordered to Huntsville,
Alabama 142
in railroad vsreck at
Newcastle, Alabama. 143
encampment of, visited
by Governor Frank
S. Black 144
return of casualties in
vrreck of 145
list of deaths for fifth
month 148
praised by General
James Kush Lincoln, 149
list of resignations in
for sixth month 150
camp of, inspected by
War Investigating
Commission 151
list of deaths in during
sixth month 151
company A, officers of, 129
company B, officers of, 129
company C, officers of, 129
company D, officers of, 129
company E, officers of, 130
company F, officers of, 130
company G, officers of, 130
company H, officers of, 130
company I, officers of, 130
company K, officers of, 130
company L, officers of, 130
company M, officers of, 131
Skelly, Private Thomas J.,
company E, injured in
wreck 145
Snyder, Brigadier-General Si-
mon, U. S. A 134
Southern Kailroad 133, 134
Spelhnan, Major Michael J.,
Second Battalion 129
Sullivan, Regimental Sergeant-
Major Daniel P., promoted
second lieutenant company I, 148
PAGE
Sweeney. Private William,
company C, died 148
TAMPA, Florida 128, 134, 135
136, 137, 139, 140
Tettamore, Assistant Surgeon
Prank L. K 129
Third Army Corps, Second Di-
vision 133
Third Division, Fourth Army
Corps . . 135, 136, 146
Third Regiment Infantry,
Ohio 135, 136, 140, 146
Thirty-second Regiment In-
fantry, Michigan 135
Thirty-fourth street ferry,
New York 132
Tillinghast, Adjutant-General
C. Whitney, ordered regi-
ment recruited to twelve
companies 125
Tracy (Tracey), Private
James, company A, died 148
Tuite, Second Lieutenant
James J., company D... 129
promoted captain 147
Twelfth Regiment Infantry,
U. S. A 136, 150
Twenty-third street ferry.
New York 132
UNITED STATES 128
Army 132
First Cavalry 151
Twelfth Infantry.. 136, 150
service 132
troops 138
VAUQHAN, PRIVATE MU
CHAEL, company E, injured
in wreck 145
WAR DEPARTMENT 140
War Investigating Commission,
inspected camp of Sixty-
ninth Regiment 151
Wheeler, General Joseph, U. S.
A 149, 151
Wheeling, West Virginia 132
Williams, Colonel William F.,
First Florida 135
Wilson and Brown Infirmary. . 143
Woodward, First Lieutenant
Christopher H. R., company
D 129
resigned 150
Wright, Sergeant Nicholas,
company E, injured in
wreck 145
YOUNG, PRIVATE THOMAS,
company C, died 148
INDEX
71st Regiment, New York State Volunteers.
For the sake of coDvenience, each oue of the five military organizations included in this
report has been indexed separately. The general index which embraces ttie entire report
begins on page 381 . — State Histortan.
PAGE
ABEEL, ADJUTANT ALFRED
HAVENS 219, 303
lieutenant company M., ap-
pointed adjutant '. ... 177
difficulty in landing 214
Ahern, Corporal William J.,
company I, wounded in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 244
Aid Society, Bronx borough . . 285
Albany, New York 183
Alden, Frank E., company L,
died of malarial fever 252
Alger, General Russell A., de-
cided to have troops re-
moved to Montauk Point... 287
AUatoona Pass, Georgia 256
Althause, Private Joseph F.,
vrounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 345
American forces 315
Andalusian quarter, Santiago,
Spanish soldiers housed in.. 272
Andre, Private Charles, com-
pany K, wounded in action
at San Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Andrews, Major Avery D 161
Aquadores, feint made to land
troops at 312
Army Commission, Y. M.
G. A 174, 175, 283
work in Cuba 281
Army Corps, headquarters at
Tampa Bay Hotel, Florida.. 178
Artesian wells sunk to supply
water for camp at Tampa
Heights 186
Articles of war 189
Associated Press 207
Astor, Lieutenant-Colonel John
Jacob 260, 262
PAGE
Atlanta, Georgia 257
Atlantic liner 199
Austin, Captain Elmore Far-
rington, company L 235
with company L, among
first troops to arrive on
San Juan Hill, Cuba 233
BABBITT, GEORGE M., com-
pany M, died on board ship
and buried at sea ....... 253, 290
Babcock, Private George L.,
company B 183, 184
Babcock, Mrs. George L. . 183, 184
Bahama channel. Great... 200, 204
Baiquiri (Daiquiri), Cuba.. 213, 269
artillery at 225
Barnum, John M., company G,
died of dysentery 250
Barrett,. Charles F., repre-
sented Army Commission,
Y. M. C. A 269
270, 381, 283
Barrett, Private Malcolm, com-
pany . M, wounded in action
at San Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Barton, ]Miss Clara 273, 274
Bateman, Chaplain Cephas C,
Sixteenth Infantry
Regulars, assisted chap-
lain 290
appointed chaplain at Gen-
eral Hospital, Montauk
Point , 393
Bates, Adjutant William
Graves . . 173, 183
appointed captain volun-
teers 181
Bayonne, New Jersey 348
Beatty, Quartermaster-Ser-
geant John H 282
358 Index — Seventy-fibst Regt., N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
B e a 1 1 y, Quartermaster-Ser-
geant John H., detailed
to Siboney to handle
mail for the regiment. . . 343
Bedloes Island, New York 164
Beekman, Lieutenant William
Schuyler, company B . . . . 183
recuperating at Siboney,
Cuba 243
Bell, Major and Surgeon Wil-
liam Duffield 193
308, 218, 237
mustered into United
States service as sur-
geon 156
sick 276
things at their worst when
he was stricken with
fever 286
Bigelow, Poultney, Herald cor-
respondent 1 169
Black, Governor Frank S .155
171, 295
reviewed troops 160
Black, Joseph I., company K,
died of enter o colitis 251
Blanco, Captain-General, or-
dered Admiral Cervera to
take his entire fleet out to
sea 239
Blauvelt,~ Quartermaster-Ser-
geant Lester J., company
B, appointed second lien-
■ tenant company K 182
detailed commissary of
regiment 182
Bloody Bend, a thick gulch
near El Poso, Cuba 339, 241
Booth, Private Frank W.,
company F, appointed
amanuensis 312
buried near the ford be-
lovir San Juan Hill,
Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 250
Booth, Private John, company
L, buried near the lord
below San Juan Hill,
Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 252
Boston, Massachusetts 249
Bostwick, Mr 183,184
Botts, Private John M., com-
pany A, wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Bourke, John, company H,
died of typhoid fever 251
Boynton, Sergeant Charles F.,
company B, appointed sec-
ond lieutenant company B . . 183
PAGE
Brett, Captain Lloyd M., Third
United States Cavalry,
detailed as mustering-
out officer of the
Seventy-first Eegiment... 303
guest at dinner given to
Seventy-first Regiment
officers 303
Brewer, Eben, United States
postmaster in Cuba, died of
yellow fever 343
Brittain, Charles A 269, 270
gave tent to regiment for
hospital 283
Broadway, New York 298
Broadway Tabernacle, Thirty-
fourth street, New York 180
Bronx borough, New York.... 285
Brooklyn, New York.... 248
249, 253, 298, 301
Brower, Charles D.. 174
Brown, Private Clinton B.,
company M, buried near
the ford, below San Juan
Hill, Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 253
Brovyn, Private John K., com-
pany D, wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Brown, Walter J., company D,
died of dysentery 248
Burhans, Arthur D., company
C, died of disease 248
Butt, Brigadier-G e n e r a 1
McCoskry 156
CALENTURA, or yellow fever, 376
California 171
Camp Black, Hempstead
Plains, New York 154
155, 158, 161, 163
164, 168, 169, 172, 174
176, 311, 253, 385, 304
account of water supply
at 163
Colonel MacArthur paid
the men at 293
200 recruits had been en-
camped at 395
regiment ordered to, for
muster-out of United
States volunteer service, 302
Camp Wikofl, Montauk Point,
Long Island 246, 247, 248
249, 250, 351, 358, 353
inefBcient management, es-
pecially of hospitals 294
sick of regiment sailed for, 396
list of regiment dead at.. 303
Index — Seventy-first Rbgt., N. Y. State Volunteers. 359
PAOE
Canning, Private George C,
company I, " Eag-Time
Jlnany" 206
Capron, Allyn, U. S. A., mili-
tary record of 259
died near Fort Myer, Vir-
ginia 259
Capron, Captain Allyn Kissam,
military record of 218
killed In action at lias
Guasimas, Cuba 259
Caribbean Sea 290
Carlisle, Corporal Lewis W.,
company M, wounded in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 245
died from wounds received
in action at San Juan
Hill, Cuba 253
Carmer, William R., company
E, died on board Mis-
souri, at sea 249
CaroUna, South 216
Carolinas, The, campaign of . . 256
Carpenter, Harry F., company
F, died of typhoid malaria.. 250
Carroll, Private James F.,
company M, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. 244
Carswell, Nathan H., company
L, died of malarial fever 252
Cavanaugh, John F., company
L, died of fever 252
Cervera, Pasqual (Pascual),
Admiral, ordered to take
his fleet to sea. . .- 239
lost every vessel at Santi-
ago .• 339
Chaffee's brigade of regulars,
ordered into final charge on
El Caney, Cuba 257
Cheevers, Private William E.,
company I, died of fever, 251
buried beyond entrench-
ments near Santiago,
Cuba 283
Chickamauga, Georgia . . . 108, 211
City of Washington, transport
ship 175
Civil War 160, 166, 175
veterans, escort of 300
Clark, Alexander H, company
D, died of typhoid fever 248
Clark (Clarke), Private Wash-
ington B., company B,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Cochran, Colonel Melville A.,
U. S. A 185
Columbia University, New
York 183
Commissary department 159
PAGE
Commissary department, signs
of improvement in 276
Company A, Seventy-first Regi-
ment 176, 182, 183
184, 236, 237, 240
244, 245, 246, 247
only ten men remained for
camp duty 294
Company A, Thirtieth Indiana
Volunteer Infantry 257
Company B, Seventy-first Regi-
ment. . . 182, 183, 184, 206, 231
240, 243, 244, 245, 247
ordered to march to Santi-
ago and take transport
for Montauk, New York, 288
Company C, Seventy-first Regi-
ment , 206,, 217, 231, 240
244, 245, 246, 248
Company D, Seventy-first Regi-
ment 236, 245, 248
Company E, Seventy-first Regi'
ment 192, 206, 219, 244
245, 246, 249, 280, 303
Company E, Ninth Indiana In-
fantry 257
Company F, Seventy-first Regi-
ment 153, 162, 194, 306
211, 212, 231, 236, 237, 240
244, 345, 246, 250, 383, 290
led by Captain Rafferty,
among first troops to ar-
rive on San Juan Hill... 333
losses severe 236
Company G, Seventy-first Regi-
ment 191, 236, 237
244, 245, 246, 350
Company H, Seventy-first Regi-
ment, first company to en-
camp for examination and
muster into volunteer ser-
vice 155
Company H, Seventy-first Regi-
ment 306, 236, 343
344, 345, 346, 251
Company I, Seventy-first Regi-
ment 170, 193, 194, 306
237, 240, 244, 251
led by Captain Meeks,
among first to arrive on
San Juan Hill, Cuba 234
Company K, Seventy-first Regi-
ment 183, 318, 331, 340
244, 245, 251, 303
Company K, Seventh Regiment, 181
Company L, Seventy-first Regi-
ment 164, 235, 340, 244, 345
252, 280, 381, 390, 303
led by Captain Austin,
among first troops to ar-
rive on San Juan Hill,
Cuba 233
360 Index — Seventy-first Regt., N. Y. State Voluntebes.
PAGE
Company L, Seventy-first Regi-
ment, ordered to march to
■ Santiago to take transport
for Montauk 288
Company M, Seventy-first Begi-
ment 164, 177, 18a, 183
236, 237, 240, 244
245, 253, 290, 295
led by Captain Goldsbor-
ough, among first troops
to arrive on San Jnan
Hill, Cuba 234
losses severe 236
detailed to unload wagons
and put goods aboard
transport 289
Concho, transport 373
Conger, Private Alfred B.,
company M, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. 244
Congress, resolution of, de-
clared war between United
States and Spain.' 153
Couklin, Eugene, representing
Seventy-first Veteran Associ-
ation . 180
Conkling, Colonel, Civil War
veteran 297
Conroy, Alexander, company
L, deserted 253
Convent Station, New Jersey. . 356
Cook, George W., company E,
died of malarial fever 349
Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York 167
Craigie, Charles E., company
M, died of fever 253
Crockett, First Lieutenant Wil-
liam Francis, company
A, appointed first lieu-
tenant and battalion ad-
jutant 182
battalion adjutant 183
Crosley (Crosby), Norman W.,
company K, died of fever... 252
Cuba 153, 169, 175, 178
191, 196, 198, 206, 212, 214, 216
227, 229, 243, 246, 247, 348, 249
250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 267, 268
272, 385, 388, 295, 296, 301, 305
regiment ordered to 188
order of advance of Ameri-
can transports from
Florida to 195
expedition to, temporarily
suspended . . 198
fleet again starts on its
mission to 200
army commission work in, 281
troops and yellow fever . . . 287
Cuban Army, a wretched look-
ing body of men 225
PAGE
Cuban Army, to intercept re-
inforcements 225
Cuban campaign, July 1st, 1898,
most eventful day of.... 326
most trying period of 270
Cuban or yellow fever 276
Cuban hamlet .'. ; 214
Cuban insurgents 214
Cuban settlement, Ybor City,
Florida 183, 184, 185, 183
Cuban troops, complaint of of-
ficers 329
Cubans, The 315
Cubans, company of 223
Cubans 235
stampede of, at foot of El
Poso Hill, Cuba 223
unfit to fight for liberty or
appreciate it 229
three, struck by Spanish
shrapnel 261
pauper-stricken and starv-
ing, journejdng toward
Santiago, Cuba 271
1,400 tons of food sent by
United States for 273
thousands of them- starv-
ing, surged about the
wharf, waiting to be fed, 273
Cunningham, Private Peter J.,
company L, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, i 345
Cushing, Charles P. P., com-
pany C, killed in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 348
Cutting, Sergeant Charles W.,
company L, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. . 344
DAIQUIRI (Baiquiri), Cuba...
212, 269
artillery at 225
Daly, Private Michael, com-
pany M, buried near the
ford below San Juan
Hill, Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 253
Daly, Father William J. B.,
chaplain Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry 172, 173
Dangui fever, or yellow fever. . 276
Dattwyler, Private Oscar.. 211
Decker, Private Joseph S., com-
pany I, buried near the
ford below San Juan
Hill, Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba '. . 251
Index — Seventy-first Rbgt., N. Y. State Volunteers. 361
PAGE
Berby, Captain George MoC,
U. S. A., balloon, which indi-
cated to the enemy exact lo-
cation of our troops 330
Deutschberger, Private Charles,
company C, ■wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 231, 244
Dinan, John J., company F,
died of fever 250
Division Hospital 228, 235, 238
239, 240, 846
Dixon, Private Thomas J., Jr.,
company A, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. . 244
Dodd, Reuben N., company B,
accidentally killed at New
York city 247
Dodge, Cleveland H., president
Y. M. C. A. of New York
city 174, 180, 292
Donnelly, Private Leo J.,
company M, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba . . 245
Downs, Lieutenant-Colonel
Wallace Abel 164, 171
mustered into United
States service 157
promoted colonel 182
colonel.. 152, 153, 174, 176, 177
178, 184, 185, 186, 189
196, 202, 203, 205, 207
209, 210, 212, 215, 219
220, 224, 233, 234, 237
267, 269, 283, 290, 3O0
selects Vigilancia to trans-
port regiment to Cuba.. 197
received orders from Gen-
eral Kent and obeyed
them 231
led his regiment, under
heavy fire, along the
trail to the ford 232
with regiment, halted at
ford, awaiting further
orders 232
received orders to prepare
to advance 258
halted on roadside, await-
ing passage of two regi-
juents he was to follow, 259
received a, letter, praising
the bravery of the regi-
ment 266
ordered delicacies dis-
tributed among the sick, 275
secured tents for the sick, 276
down with fever 276
received $100 from Relief
Society of Seventy-first
Regiment 278
PAQE
Downs, Lieutenant-Colonel
Wallace Abel, received
official notification that
Spain had sued for peace, 278
senior colonel, in command
of First Brigade 282
brief address, at armory.. 302
regiment on leave for sixty
days 302
presided at dinner 303
address at dinner given to
ofBcers 303
Downs, Mrs. Wallace Abel.... 291
Drum Corps, Seventy-first
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers ... 190, 20T
took care of the wounded
at San Juan HiS, Cuba... 235
I Dry Tortugas, island southwest
of Florida 200
1 Duffy, Colonel Edward, condi-
I tion of Sixty-ninth Regi-
i ment 210
: Dunning, Private Thomas G.
(Thomas J.), company
M 237
died of fever 253
Dunwoody, Private Joseph,
company D, wounded in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 245
died from wounds received
in action at San Juan
Hill, Cuba 248
EARL, DAVID M., company M,
died of fever 254
East river. New York 298
Ebbeson (Ebberson), Ebbe,
company L, died at sea and
buried at Montauk, New
York 253, 303
Edwards, Private Charles,
company I 237
Egan, Dr 274
Eighteenth Regiment Infan-
try 220, 227
Eiseman, Private Leander G.,
coiupany F, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. .
245, 250
El Caney, Cuba 220, 233
242, 256, 257
Spaniards retreated to en-
trenchments 225
attack contemplated on . . . 225
battle at 226
strongly garrisoned and
occupied by Spanish
troops 227
362 Index — Seventy-first Regt., N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
El Caney, Cuba, original plan
of attack upon, changed
by turn of events 332
Capron's artillery opened
fire on 259
Lawton's division eiigaging'
enemy at 260
Chaplain Van Dewater er-
roneously published as
among the victims of
battle at 2S1
El Poso, Cuba. 240, 25^,' 360
sketch of road leading to.. 239
Seventy-first Regiment
marched tovyard 260
light artillery battery sta-
tioned on £.38
stampede of Cubans at
foot of 238
where Kough Eiders had
several losses in killed
and wounded 228
Engelke, Private Brandt H 176
baptized by chaplain of
regimunt 175
Eiigels, Frederick L, company
P, died on boatd La
Grande Duchesse 350
buried at Montauk Point.. 290
Engineer Corps, U. S. A 330
unable to make or keep
roads in proper condition
for traffic 371
Episcopalian chapel, at Lake-
land, Florida 170, 175
Ess, Private Anton 206
Euramadas, principal street in
Santiago, Cuba, sketch
of 372
Euster, Private Maurice, com-
pany E, wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 345
Everett, Corporal Robert G.,
company L, died of typhoid
fever 353
FANCIULLI, PROF. FRAN=
CISCO, leader of Seventy-
first Regimental Band 298
Featherstone, Private George
F., company P, wounded in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba . , 245
Ferguson, Private G. company
E, recitation 306
Field Hospital, Santiago, Cuba, 353
Fifth Army Corps... 213, 330, 355
remained on the hills three
miles from Santiago 269
first division 177
Fifth avenue. New York 155
Fifth Regiment Infantry 318
PAGE
Firmeza, Cuba 315
excluded station for yelr .
low fever patients. . 219, 243
yellow fever camp, same
sick of Seventy-first
Regiment at 296
First Battalion, Seventy-first-
Regiment 221, 235, 236
detailed to build bridges
and improve roads 241
halted on roadside 259
believed it tad been am-
bushed 263
First 'Division, Fifth Army
Corps ; 177
First Regiment 217
First .Regiment Artillery 359
First Regiinent Cavalry, Ohio, 167
Fii-st Regiinent Cavalry, United
States Volunteers 317
218-, 228
encountered Spanish troops
in the jungle. 216
commonly knovra as Roose-
velt Rough Riders.. 216, 218
First Regiment Infantry 227
National Guard, New
York, or First Provis-
ional Regiment 156
Fish, Sergeant Hamilton, Jr.,
company K, instantly killed
at Las Guasimas, Cuba 318
Fisher, First Lieutenant Har-
ris Baldwin, company M, 183
appoiil-fed first lieutenant
and battalion adjutant.. 182
ordered to rear to draw
ammunition under a
galling fire 239
Fisher, Irving P., of New
■ York 180
Fitzgerald, Thomas H., com-
pany C, died of disease 248
Fitzgibbon, John'"J\, company
L, died on boar^ Missouri
o aijd buried at sea 253
V'Flint, Private Frank L., com-
pany H, wounded in action
at San Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Florence, Italy 184
Florida 166, 167, 177
185, 187, 259, 367
order of advance of Ameri-
can transports to Cuba
from 195
Foley, Private Louis B, com-
pany K, wounded in action
at San Jxian Hill, Cuba 244
Fonseca, Francisco E 270
Forsyth, Stanley H., company
E, died of fever 24^9
Fort Myer, Virginia 359
Index — Seventt-fiest Eegt., N. Y. State Volunteers. 363
PAGE
Fort San Juan, Cuba 267
Fort Tampa, Florida 153
Fort Pond Bay, within the
hook of Montauk Point,
regiment arrived at 290
regiment removed from
detention camp to per-
manent camp at 294
Forty-first Regiment Infantry, 257
Forty-seventh Begiment Infan-
try, Kational Guard, New
York 156
Fourteenth Regiment Infan-
try, National Guard, New
York 156
Fourth Begiment Cavalry 257
troop B 218
Fourth Regiment Infantry 220
regulars 287
Francis, Major Augustus T 166
assigned to special care of
armory 165
commissioned colonel 171st
Regiment 165
recruited new regiment... 163
with his officers met Sev-
enty-first Begiment at
Long Island City 297
gruest 303
Vree Masons, Lakeland Lodge
of, give reception and ban-
quet to Masonic brethren of
regiment 180
Free Masons, New^ York, Grand
Lodge of 181
Freidmann (Freidman), Pri-
vate Paul W., died on board
Missouri at sea 249
French, Private John W., com-
pany P 212
detailed as amanuensis. . . 153
ill with yellow fever. 153
QANNON, PRIVATE ROBERT
E., company L, wounded in
action at San Juan Bill,
Cuba '. . 245
Garcia, General Y. luiquez
Oalixto 214
VTith his sta# passed by
the canip of regiment . . . 225
Garden' City, Long Island 155
Garfield, Lyiijan B,. of New
Yprk , . 180
Genial hospital. Camp Wik-
pff, Koptauk Point, Long
iBlflnd 246, 292, 293
Siboneir, Cuba 240
tenia ' 284
<ieoghega.n, John H., company
M, died of fever 254
Georgia, campaign through... 256
PAGE
Glen Cove, New York 254
Goff, Sergeant Eugene W.,
company I, died of fever .... 251
Goldsborough, Captain Wash-
ington Laird, company
M 236
with company M, among
the first to arrive on San
Juan Hill, Cuba 234
Gombert, Charles, company K,
died of fever 252
Goodman, Private Charles W.,
company A, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. . 244
Goodrich, Captain Caspar F.,
United States Navy 218
Grahn, Private Gus, company
L, died of mountain
fever « 253, 280
buried west of entrench-
ments near Santiago.... 280
Grand Lodge of Free Masons
of New York 181
Great Bahama Channel... 200, 204
Great Inag^a Island, Bahama, 204
Greene, Colonel Francis Vin-
ton 155, 156
158, 160, 161, 162, 164
166, 167, 172, 173, 175
176, 181, 182, 209, 295
called meeting of regi-
ment 154
mustered into United
States service 157
nominated brigadier-gen-
eral 171
brigadier-general 181
Greene, General George S., old-
est living graduate of
West Point 175
dying at Morristown, New
Jersey 175
Grimes, Captain George S.,
U. S. A 260
battery in action at El
Poso 260, 262
Guantanamo, Cuba, United
States marines had suc-
cessful scrimmage vTith
Spaniards at 216
Port of 206
Guilfoyle, Captain John F.,
U. S. A 292
Guiteras, Dr. John, expert on
yellow fever 243
Gulf of Mexica 200
(
HACKENSACK, NEW^ JER-
SEY 249
Hall, Private Earl B., company
F, wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
364 Index — Seventy-first Begt., N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Hall, Private Kdward D., com-
pany C, wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 345
Haller, Private John H., com-
pany K, died of fever 252
Hardin, Colonel Edward E 211
Harlem, New York, St. An-
drew's church 155, 176, 180
Hart, Patrick J., appointed
chaplain at General Hospital,
Montauk Point 293
Harvard, formerly New York,
of the American line 218
Hatteras, North Carolina, ma-
chinery broke down and ves-
sel lay to for 14 hours 290
Havana, Cuba, Commodore
Schley's efEective blockade
of 19]
Hawk, William S 303
Hawk and Wetherbee, Messrs.,
dinner to officers of regi-
ment . . . 303
Hawkins, General Hamilton
Smith, U. S. A.. 220, 223, 237
military record of 216
retired 216
held brief conversation
with fieJd and staff offi-
cers . 227
ordered one battalion to
top of San ^uan Hill to
be deployed on firing
line 236
complimented the regi-
ment for its good work, 366
Hayes, Major Edward M., First
Ohio Cavalry 167
Hayes, ex-President Ruther-
ford B 167
Heath, Levrts C:, company G,
died of pernicious ma,larial
fever . . . .: 250
Hebrank, Private. Ferdinand,
company P, vyounded in ac-
tion at Sau Juan Hill, Cuba. . 245
Heindslnann, Captain Ferdi-
nand, company C. 217
Helena, boat 204
Hempstead, New York 174
211, 295
.Hempstead Plains, 'New Xork. . 154
155, 160, 162
Herald, newspaper... 169, 210, 226
Hess, Private Louis E., com-
pany H, wounded . in a,otion
at San Juan Hill, Cuba ...... 246
Hoboken, New Jersey 211
Hphspri, .Iiieutenant ' RJchmond '
Peatson, sinking the
Merrimac . . . , 191
ct.ew es;qhanged 242
PAGE
Hogan, John P., company E,
died of malarial fever 249
Holland, Private Charles D.,
company M, buried near
the ford below San Juan
Hill 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 254
Holzkamp, Private Henry J.,
company L, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. . 245
Homer, Colonel, Civil War vet-
eran 28S, 297
Hospital Corps 158, 167, 237
Hospital department 178, 179
Hospital ship 198
Hospital tent, brief service
held in 158
Howard, Joseph, company F,
died of typhoid malaria 250
Howe, Sergeant Russell G.,
company E 219
Howitt, John, company C, died
of disease 248
Hubschmitt (Hubschmidt) , Pri-
vate Philip, company I,
died of gastric fever.. 170, 251
body sent to New York
city for burial 170
Hubschmitt (Hubschmidt), Pri-
va,te William P., company I,
injured 192
Hull, military bill 154
Humbert, Private William,
company A, woundied in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. . 246
Hurley, Private, George M.,
company C, wounded in ac-
tio at San Juan Hill, Cuba. . 246
Hutchinson, Sergeant James
M.^ company M, appointed
second lieutenant 183
IMMEN (IMMENS), COR-
PORAL GEORGE L.
(R.), company C, wound-
ed in action at San Juan
Hill, Cuba 231
buried in trenches at Di-
vision Hospital 240
died of wounds received in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba . ■. , .. . 348
Inauga Island, Great, Bahama, 204
Indiana ; •. . . 257
Ninth ■ Regiment Infantry,
company E. 257
Volunteers, Thirtieth Regi-
ment Infantry, company
A . . ,..•..-....•... 257
warship . . 194
Index — Sbtentt-fibst Rbgt., N. Y. State Volunteers. 365
PAGE
JAMAICA 307, 308
Jeaniiisson, Private Alexander,
company G 300
Jeffrey, Private John W., com-
pany B, wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 345
Jersey City, New Jersey. . 164, 198
.Tohnston (Johnson), PriTate
Henry C, company F, super-
intended entertainment 306
Jorgensen, Christopher, com-
pany L, accidentally killed.. 353
Journal, The, newspaper 307
Joyce, Captain Walter Irving,
company H 155
sent to New York for re-
covery 343
KANE, MAURICE B., company
L, killed by cars 354
Keck, Captain Frank, pro-
moted major 183
with Third Battalion,
among first to arrive on
San Juan Hill, Cuba 334
235, 364
Keller, Private James E., com-
pany A, wounded in action
at San Juan Hill, Cuba 346
Kennan, George 374
Kent, General Jacob Ford, U.
S. A 333, 333, 366
military record of 330
retired 330
orders to Colonel Downs.. 331
•ordered to take his divi-
sion into action 362
extract from his report of
the San Juan engage-
ment 263
charged with unjust treat-
ment toward Seventy-
first Eegiment 365
headquarters established
in vicinity of San Juan,
Cuba 267
Key West, Florida... 174,' 194, 300
Kirby, Private Sinclair H.,
company G, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba,' 245
Kline, John C, Herald corre-
spolident . . ..-. ...i 326 '
Kopper, Private Edward,, coni-
pany E, sick with nleasles . . 193
Kopper, Lieutenant Frederick,
formerly colonel Sev-
enty-first Kegiment 395
in command of 200 recruits
at Camp Black 395
Kroupa, Edward C, company
P, died of pernicious mala-
rial fever 250
PAGE
Kuehnle, Private Frederick C,
company D, wounded in
action at San Juan Hill, •
Cuba 345
LA GARDE, MAJOR AND
SURGEON LOUIS A., in
charge of Siboney, Cuba 268
La Grande Duchesse, trans-
port 313, 350, 353
rations transported at
Santiago 389
Lakeland, Florida 173, 175
177, 179, 180, 183, 187
190, 193, 306, 351, 356
regiment arrived at 166
sketch of camp at 167, 168
Episcopalian chapel at....
• 170, 175
lodge of Free Masons and
regiment 180
regiment leaves 184
Las Guasimas, Cuba 218
234, 337, 328, 358
battle of 317, 318, 359
United States Army en-
gages in first ^battle on
Cuban soil at 216
evidence of bloody engage-
ment at 323
Lawrence, Private William C,
company G 191
Lawton, General Henry Ware,
U. S. A., military record
of 257
congressional medal of
honor for gallantry in
front of Atlanta,
Georgia 357
killed in action at battle
of SanvMateo, Philippine
Islands 257
Lawton's division at El Caney,
Cuba ; 260
Levy, Dr. Joseph M 337
Linson, Captain William
Henry, company D , . 336
London, St. Paul's Church 176
Long Island City 155, 163
164, 190, 398
special, train conveyed
Seventy-first' Eegiment
to . . 397
• Loijg Island Kailroad.. . . ; 163
steition, Montauk, regiment
-parched to . . .; 297
Longson, Lieutenant William,
cqmpany H, died of ty-
phoid fever 351
toasj; drunk in ' silence to
memory of 303
366 Index — Seventy-first Regt., N. Y. State VolUntbeks.
PAGE
Lucas, Private William, H.,
company H 337
» Ludlow, Brigadier-General
William, U. S. A., mili-
tary record of 256
died at Convent station,
New Jersey 256
praised the Seventy-first
regiment 285
brigade of regulars 257
MacARTHUR, COLONEL AR=
THUR 293
Mackenzie, Private William
H., company E, vyounded in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 246
MacMillan (Mc William) , Nor-
man J. G., company M, died
of yellow fever at Siboney,
Cuba 254
Mail and Express, newspaper . .
169, 226
letter written to, in favor
of regiment, by Henry L.
Stoddard 265
Mara, Sergeant John J., com-
pany M, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 244
died of fever and dysen-
tery 253
Markley, Major Alfred C, U. S.
A., his letter to Colonel
Downs praising regiment
. for its bravery 267
Marlow, Private James L.,
company H, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 245
Marsh (March), Surgeon and
Major Edward T 165, 183
Martens, Private Eichard, com-
pany G, baptized by
chaplain of regiment. . . . 191
died of malarial fever 251
Martin, Colonel Henry P.,
colonel of Seventy-first
Eegiment in 1861... 180, 300
too ill to be present at any
of the exercises 300
visited his grandchildren
at Montauk on their re-
turn from Cuba 301
Seventy-first Eegiment
owes its worth a,nil
greatness especially to,. 301
Maryes Heights, Virginia., bat-
tle of ,, 220
Massachusetts, Second Eegi-
ment Infantry 163
167, 170, 198
officers buy horses 177
PAGE
Massachusetts!, Second Eegi-
ment Infantry:
part of Ludlow's command
at El Caney 256
utilized as a support at
El Caney engagement ... 257
not in San Juan engage-
ment until second day.. 257
suffered from Spanish fire,
but not in fighting at El
Caney 257
Massachusetts coast 198
Spanish ships sighted off.. 164
Mans, Surgeon-MajoiT Louis M.. 156
McAlpin, General Edwin A
283, 297
visited camp to make ar-
rangements for parade
in New York city 295
McClelland, Private Donald C,
company E, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 244
McClurg, William, company K,
died of pleuro pneumonia... 252
McDermott, Sergeant James J.,
company E, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 245
McGeechan, Private John,
company M, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 245
Mclntyre, Private Samuel,
company G, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 246
McKeever, Edward Percy,
company K, died of fever... 252
McKinley, President William..
158, 171, 210
called for 125,000 volun-
teers 153
his anxiety to protect the
troops 198
Meeks, Sergeant Elmer C,
company I, died of typhoid
malarial fever . ; 251
Meeks, Captain William Fur-
man, company 1 237
with company I, among
first to arrive on San
Juarc Hill, Cuba 234
Mercer, Private" John E.,
company E, wounded in ac-
tion at .San Juan Hill, Cuba, 246
Merchants' Central Club 282
Merrimfio, sinking of, by Hob-
son l'91
snnjc in harbor 289
Merrltt, General Wesley, U. S.
A 171, 181
Messer, Private John P., com-
pany G 237
Messiter, Arthur M., company
E, died of fever 249
Index — Seventy-first Eegt., N. Y. State Volunteers. 367
PAGE
Mexico, Gulf of 200
Meyer (Myer), Corporal John
C, company F, superin-
tended entertainment 206
Michig-an 227
troops assisted in cutting
trees and biiildiiig
bridges 241 i
Miles, General Nelson A., lieu-
tenant-general, U. S. A 166
191, 196
Miley, Lieutenant Jolin D., U.
S. A 260, 263
Military Hospital, Santiago,
Cuba 271
Miller, Private John H., com-
pany C, wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 246
Mills, Private Bloomfield B.,
company M, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 245
Missouri, transport.. 249, 252, 253
Monroe, New York 250
Montauk, Long Island 298
yellow fever patients
strictly quarantined at.. 246
sick of regiment suffered
from insuificient cover-
ing during cold nights,
at 293
transports, with troops
from Santiago, continu-
ally arriving at 296
detention hospitals, few
sick of Seventy-first
Regiment at 296
general hospital, sick of
Seventy-first Kegiment at, 296
railroad station at 297
Camp WikofE, list of Sev-
enty-first Regiment dead
at 303
Montauk Point, Long Island.. 248
249, 250, 251, 252, £(53
254, 288, 290, 294, 304
troops removed to 287
Moody Institute, Charles P.
Barrett, evangelist of, in
charge of Army Commission
work in Cuba 281
Morrlstown, New Jersey 175
Morro castle, Havana harbor,
Cuba 210, 239
from which flew American
flag 289
Morton, Lake, Florida 167
Murphy, Private James, com-
pany M, wounded in action
at San Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Murphy, Private Robert E.,
company H, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. . 244
PAGE
Murtaugh (Murtagh), Private
Thomas B., company B 206
NAGLE, JAMES E., company
G, died of fever and bron-
chitis 251
National Guard, Seventy-first
Regiment 155, 285
New York 155, 303
first regiment mustered
into volunteer service... 154
two companies added to . . 154
proceeds to Camp Black,
Hempstead Plains, New
York 155
given place of honor in
State camp 155
physical examination of
members of • 156
settles down to life in
camp 156
mustered into United
States service 157
became Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, New
Y^ork Volunteers 157
Lieutenant Frederick Kop-
per, formerly a colonel
of 295
First Regiment Infantry,
or First Provisional
Regiment 156
Thirteenth Regiment In-
fantry 156
Fourteenth Regiment In-
fantry 156
Forty-seventh Regiment
Infantry 156
Sixty-fifth Regiment
Infantry 156
Slxty-nlnth R e gi m e n t
Infantry 156
One Hundred and Seventy-
first Regiment Infan-
try 165, 303
New Manhattan Hotel, propri-
etors, dinner to ofBcers of
regiment 303
New Orleans, Louisiana 204
New York, of the American
Line, now Harvard 2.18
New York Bay. 211
New York city. New York 158
169, 170, 175, 179, 196, 202, 218
222, 226, 243, 247, 248, 249, 250
251, 353, 253, 255, 270, 377, 278
281, 383, 290, 294„295, 303
contributors from, to com-
forts for sick in .regi-
ment 180
reception to regiment on
return from Cuba 299
368 Index — Sbventt-fiest Regt^ N. Y. State Volunteers.
FACE
New York City, New York:
State armory. Thirty-
fourth street and Park
avenue 165, 297, 299
300, 301, 302, 303, 304
New York, Grand Lodge 6f
Free Masons 181
New York harbor 175, 198
New York National Guard, 153, 303
Seventy-first Regiment . . . 154
first regiment mus-
tered into volunteer
service 154
two companies added
to 154
proceeds to Camp
Black 155
given place of honor in
State camp 155
physical examination
of 156
settles down to life in
camp 156
mustered into United
States service 157
became Seventy-first
Eegiment Infantry,
New York Volun-
teers 157
Lieutenant Frederick
Kopper, formerly a
colonel of 295
First Eegiment Infantry,
or First Provisional
Eegiment 156
Thirteenth Eegiment In-
fantry 156
Fourteenth Eegiment In-
fantry 156
Forty-seventh Eegiment
Infantry 156
Sixty-fifth Eegiment
Infantry 156
Sixty-ninth E e gi m e n t
Infantry 156
One Hundred and Seventy-
first Eegiment Infan-
try 165, 303
New York, representatives of
■prominent newspapers and
journals of, at camp at Se-
villa, Cuba 236
,New York State 152, 171, 183
188, 216, 287, 304
Colonel MacArthur paid
men 293
adjutant-general of 153
154, 165, 247
New York Tribune 169
New York troops 154
PAGE
New York Volunteers, Seventy-
first Eegiment Infantry, 79
158, 159, 160, 163, 165, 166
167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173
176, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187
192, 194, 198, 199, 201, 205
208, 209, 210, 211, 217, 219
323, 228, 234, 237, 241, 243
282, 285, 305, 314, 317
explanatory note, to his-
tory of ; 152-153
history of 152-305
ordered to Tampa, Flor-
ida 161, 177
every variety of occupa-
tion represented in 162
arrived at Lakeland, Flor-
ida 166
religious freedom given to, 173
Y. M. C. A. tent given to . . 174
oflicers buy horses 177
furnished supplies for hos-
pital department at its
own expense 178
list of officers appointed
in , . 182, 183
leaves Lakeland, Florida.. 184
exhausted by march to
Tampa Heights, Florida, 186
ordered to- Cuba 188
receive pay 188
Veteran Association of 188
given the privilege of go-
ing to town 189
drum corps 190, 207
entertained by Brigade
Band 190
ordered to proceed to
transports at Port Tam-
pa, Florida , 193
arrived at Port Tampa,
Florida 196
boarded the Vigilancia 197
sketch of life on Vigil-
ancia 198-213
drilled in boarding, man-
ning and rowing small
boats of the ship 203
program of entertainment
given by 306
reaches Santiago, Cuba... 307
landed at Siboney, Cuba... 213
pitched camp at Siboney,
Cuba 215
ordered to reinforce First
United States Cavalry... 216
horses of, safely landed at
Siboney, Cuba 219
started upon march for Se-
villa, Cuba 222
pitched camp at Sevilla,
Cuba 223
Index — Seventy-first Regt., N. Y.' State Volunteers. 369
PAGE
New York Volmiteers, Seventy-
first Eegiment Infantry:
all in excellent health 336
ordered to march toward
Santiago, Cuba 336
with entire brigade, re-
sumed march to San
Juan, Cuba 337
to receive further orders.. 287
under continuous fire on
march to San Juan,
Cuba 239, 230
obeyed orders and halted, 332
brought together, all ofB-
cers in command of their
men 235
fourteen killed and 67
wounded in San Juan en-
gagement 239
utilized their muskets with
disastrous effect upon
the enemy 339
removed from Santiago to
Montauk in three detach-
ments 346
staif officers 347
list of men; living, ill,
missing, dead 247-354
list of casualties in 254
praised for bravery in
home newspapers 255
regulars reflect on bravery
of 355
only volunteers assigned to
perilous work of taking
San Juan Hill, Cuba 256
only volunteers employed
in first day's battle at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 256
accurate account of its en- ^
gagement at San Juan
Hill, Cuba 256-&66
inspected and praised by
regular army officers 256
subject of wide discussion
in New York 256
brought into formation to
resist a midnight sur-
prise - 258
awakened before dawn to
take part in battle of
San Juan Hill, Cuba 258
started on march for San
Juan Hill, Cuba 259
marched toward El Poso,
Cuba 260
in thick of Spanish volley
firing 262
halted at San Juan creek,
awaiting orders 263
ordered by General Kent
into thickest of fight 263
24
PAGE
New York Volunteers, Seventy-
first Begiinent Infantry:
misunderstanding among
its officers 263
up the hill in time to have
list of loss as heavy as
any other regiment 265
. realized that every shot
from its Springfield rifle
made it a target for the
enemy 265
ordered to stop shooting
when Spaniards had
ceased heavy firing 265
picked up Krag-Jorgen-
sens, but were not al-
lowed to use them 265
fought courageously
through whole engage-
ment 366
complimented by General
Hawkins for its good
work 366
temporarily assigned to
s command of General
Lawton 367
a letter from Major A. C.
Markley, U. S. A., prais-
ing bravery 267
no allowance of transpor-
tation 368
officers' horses used for
pack mules 36f>
two tents presented to, by
representatives of Y. M.
C. A. Army Commission, 869
received gifts from Red
Cross Society ., 374
Mrs. John Addison Porter
provided liberal supply
of medicines and food
for sick of 374
yellow fever ^ . . 376
insufficient food and cloth-
ing 276
arrival of mails 377
difficulty in getting relief, 278
requisition for khaki suits .
for 278
unwritten history of 379
supplied with khaki 384
improvement in tone and
temper of, after declara-
tion of peace 284
many sick with fever 386
Dr. James Stafford re-
quested to be returned
to 387
officers prepared a tele-
gram to be sent to Sena-
tor Piatt, of New York,
but recalled it 387
370 Index — Sbventy-fibst Eegt., N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
New York Volunteers, Seventy-
first Regiment Infantry:
cheered Sixth Eegiment of
regulars . . 288
the hospital in Santiago.. 289
deaths at sea 390
at Fort Pond Bay, Long
Island 230
in detention camps from
four to ten days 291
liberal supply of food by
Red Cross Society 292
supplied with needed deli-
cacies 292
insufficient . covering at
Montauk 293
pay for services from May
2nd to May 10th, while at
Camp Black 293
removed from detention
camp to permanent camp
near Fort Pond Bay,
Long Island 394
furloughs 294
veterans visit camp 295
many detailed to serve in
other regiments .^ 296
many had died on foreign
shores 296
sick of, scattered in many
places 296
met by Colonel Francis, of
171st Regiment, -with his
officers 297
conveyed by special train
to Long Island City 297
Veteran Association com-
mittee greeted regiment
at Long Island City 297
marched to Long Island
railroad station 297
greeted on wharf by veter-
ans of regiment 298
sketch of parade 298-302
left New York over 1,000
strong and on its return
paraded less than 350
men 399
but three staff officers in
the parade 300
briefly addressed by
Colonel Downs 302
leaves of absence for sixty
days 303
ordered to reassemble at
Camp Black October 26
for muster-out 303
served with refreshments
by Woman's Aid Society, 303
a dinner to officers of 303
assembled at State armory
for muster-out 303
PAGE
New York Volunteers, Seventy-
first^ Regiment Infantry:
voted at armory as in time
of war 304
together with two com-
panies of new recruits,
numbered about 900 men, 304
First Battalion... 331, 335, 336
under Major Whittle,
detailed to build
bridges and improve
roads .- 341
halted on roadside. . . . 259
believed it had been
ambushed 263
Second Battalion. . 235, 336, 378
encamped at top of hill
in sight of Santiago, 333
under Major Wells, de-
tailed to build
bridges and improve
roads 241
ordered to march to
Santiago and take
transport for Mon-
tauk. Long Island . . . 288
Third Battalion 235
led by Major Keck,
among first troops
to arrive on San
Juan Hill, Cuba 234
companies B and L
ordered to march to
Santiago and take
transport for Mon-
tauk, Long Island... 288
. company A 247
company B 247, 248
company C 248
company D 248, 249
company E 249
company F 250
company G 350, 251
company H 351
company! 351
company K 351, 253
company L 352, 253
company M 353, 354
New York Volunteers, Second
Regiment Infantry, or Sec-
ond Provisional Regiment. . 311
New York Volunteers, Seventh
Regiment Infantry, company
K 181
New York Volunteers, Sixty-
ninth Regiment Infantry 173
173, 310
New York World, newspaper.. 381
Ninth Regiment Infantry,
company E, Indiana 357
Ninth Regiment Infantry,
regulars 264
Index — Sbventy-fihst Eegt., N. Y. State Volunteers. 371.
PAGE
North Carolina 359
Norwegian craft 304
O'BRIEN, THOMAS J., com-
pany F, died of disease 250
O'Connor, John E., company E,
died of fever 253
Ohio 357
First Eegiment Cavalry... 167
Olcott, Mrs. Bmmet E 180
Olivette, steamer 304, 318
headquarters for newspa-
per correspondents 807
Olyphant, Quartermaster J.
Kensett 181
One Hundred and Seventy-first
Eegiment, Infantry, Na-
tional Guard, New York,
165, 303
acted as escort to Seventy-
first on parade to
armory 297
Ord, Major-General Edward O.
C, U. S. A 227
Ord, Lieutenant Jules Garesche,
U. S. A., military record
- of 337
killed at battle of San
Juan, Santiago, Cuba 227
one of the first ofiicers
shot at San Juan, Cuba, 338
Order of advance of American
transports from Florida to
Cuba 195
PARK AVENUE, New York
city 300, 303
Peace, formal declaration of,
and war ended 383
Pennsylvania 220
Eailway . . . , ' 174
Pfister, Edward, company E,
died of fever 249
buried at Montauk, Long
Island 303
Philippine expedition 171
Islands 181, 357
Pierson, First Lieutenant Wil-
liam D., company M, died- of
fever ,253
Plant system 167
Piatt, Senator Thomas, of New
York, telegram prepared by
Seventy-first Eegiment offi-
cers to be sent to, but re-
called 387
Port Tampa, Florida.. 188, 194, 212
regiment ordered to trans-
ports at 193
arrived at 196
Sixth and Sixteenth Infan-
try, regulars, ordered to
transports at 193
PAGE
Port of Guantanamo, Cuba .... 206
Porter, Mrs. John Addison,
provided liberal supply of
medicines and food for sick
of Seventy-first Eegiment . . 274
Porto Eico 200, 208
Potter, Private Ernest E.,
company M 337
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba. 245
Preger (Prayer),. Private Wil-
liam, company A, buried
near the ford below San
Juan Hill, Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 247
Pride, Adjutant Hamilton,
Civil War veterap 297, 300
Provisional Eegiment, first, or
First Eegiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers... 156
Second, or Second Eegi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 156
QUOQUE, Long Island 395
Quartermaster Department,
practically a nullity 279
Queens, New York, borough of, 350
Queen's Eoad, pilgrims all
along', journeying toward
Santiago, Cuba 271
Quevedo, Eichard, company I,
died of typhoid malarial
fever 251
Quilty, John J., company E,
died of disease 349
RABINQ, PRIVATE ALBERT
J., company D 283
RafEerty, Captain Malcolm
Anstice, company F, 194, 312
lieutenant, promoted cap-
tain . . , 183
among first to arrive on
San Juan Hill, Cuba 233
led his company up the
hill with Major Keek's
battalion 264
Eebecca Channel 200
Eeconcentradoes, meaning of.. 214
Eecruits, two hundred, at
Montauk, Long Island 295
excellent work of "395
comparison between 296
Red Cross Society, gave several
gifts to regiment 274
declined to receive money
specifically for any par-
ticular regiment 378
gave liberal supply of food
to regiment 392
372 Index — Seventy-first Rbgt., N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Red Cross steamer, State of
Texas, first to enter Santi-
ago harbor after surrender, 273
Regrimental Hospital 246
Keina Mercedes, ship, sunk in
Santiago harbor 289
Relief Society of the regiment, 278
gifts of tobacco and par-
eels received from 385
Reynolds, Daniel K., company
D, died on board Roumania,
at sea 249
Richardson, Private Henry P.,
company A, wounded in ac- .
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba. . 245
Richmond, Virginia ....... 166, 220
Roberts, Lieutenant Alfred I.,
company V, died of pneu-
monia 250
toast drunk in silence to
memory of 303
Roby, Private Robert J., Jr.
(William), company C, song, 206
Rodgers, Corporal James L.,
company K, died of fever 251
Roe, Major-General Charles F., 156
159, 160, 161, 162, 174, 211
Roosevelt, Theodore, assistant
secretary navy 196
lieutenant-colonel . . ..260, 262
colonel, in command of
First Volunteer Cavalry
Regiment 260
ordered down the hill and
to advance on San Juan,
Cuba . 262
Root, First Sergeant Edgar W.,
company A, died of tjrphoid
malarial fever 247
Ross, Chief Hostler 178, 222
Ross, Private Reuben, company
M, buried near the ford
below. San. 3[uan Hill,
Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba.. 254
Rough Riders, Roosevelt 192
196, 218, 259
also known as First United
States Volunteer Cav-
alry . . 216, 218
excited curiosity of every-
one 256
had several losses in killed
and wounded on El PoSo
. Hill, Cuba 228
Roumania, transport ; 249
Rouse, Frank E., company K,
died of fever. 252
died, and buried at Mon-
tatik. Long Island 303
PAGE
Busk, Corporal William A.,
company G, died on board
Missouri 250
ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH,
Harlem, New York. . 155, 176, 180
St. John's Hospital, borough
of Queens, Brooklyn, New
York 249, 250
St. Luke's Hospital, New York, 248
St. Paul's Church, London. . . . 176
St. Peter's Hospital, Brooklyn,
New York 253
St. Thomas' parish. New York, 171
Sampson, Commodore William
Thomas 210
fleet, bombarding Santi-
ago, Cuba 191
San Francisco, California 181
San Juan, Santiago, Cuba 238
241, 242, 247, 265
regiment and entire bri-
gade under continuous
fire on march to 230
battle of 227
success of engagement
due to regiments,
battalions and even
companies 232
of a unique character, 255
one out of every four
men in charging col-
umn at, killed, or
wtfunded 257
San Juan creek, Santiago,
Cuba, regiment halted there
awaiting orders 262
San Juan Heights, Hospital,
Santiago, Cuba, sick of regi-
ment at 296
San Juan Hill, Santiago, Cuba, 233
235, 240, 248, 250, 251
252, 253, 254, 261, 263
account of the battle
of .. , ... 227-240
list of wounded in battle
of . . . f ; 244-246
brillla,nt charge and occu-
, pation of 233
hqnor of its capture lies
with Thirteenth; Sixth,
Sixteenth or Twenty-
fourth regular Infantry, 233
honor of being first at top
of hill claimed by sixteen
companies and six regi-
ments, Fifth Army Corps, 255
accurate account of the
engagement of Seventy-
first Regiment at... 256-266
no sign of life detected... 260
Index ^ — Seventy-first Kbgt., N. Y. State Volunteers. 373
PAGE
San Juan Hill, Santiago, Cuba,
five regiments of United
States troops in victorious
charge up 264
San Mateo, Philippine Islands,
battle of 357
Santiago, Cuba 200
206, 208, 209, 213, 213, 317
219, 220, 223, 224, 225, 233
346, 247, 348, 249, 350, 251
252, 253, 256, 259, 267, 26S
369, 376, 382, 385, 288, 296
Sampson's fleet bombard-
iiig 191
Seventy-first Regiment In-
fantry reaches 207
troops fled toward 315
Spaniards had retreated to
entrenchments before . . 385
Seventy-first Eegiment or-
dered to march toward. . 336
a city with natural fortifi-
cations 327
Spaniards had been driven
back toward 238
surrendered 14 July, 1898.. 343
post-ofBce re-established in
after. July 14, 1898 343
pilgrims all along Queen's
Eoad, journeying toward, 371
pauper-stricken and starv-
ing Cubans journeying
toward .' 371
strong entrenchments and
fortifications built by
Spaniards . 271
sketch of 272
General Shatter forbids
sale of liquors ,, . . . 372
enlisted men of the United
States troops forbidden:
to enter 273
food and medicines, be-
sought for sick soldiers, 274
milk and rice" for the sick, 380
many obliged to go to hos-
pital at 389
transports,, with troops
from, continually arriv-
ing at Montauk ; . . . 296
city hospital, sick of Sev-
enty-first Eegiment at.. 296
Santiago harbor, Cuba, Ad- "
mir'al. Cervera lost every ves-
, sel in his command at the
■'month of 239
Savannah, Georgia 166
Schaller, Private Prank A.,
company E, wounded in ac- .
tion at S^n Juan Hill, Cuba, 244
PAGE
Scheid, Corporal Henry J.,
company P, wounded in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 831
buried in trenches at Di-
vision Hospital, San
Juan, Cuba 240
died of wounds received in
action at Sah Juan Hill,
Cuba 250
Schindel, S. J. Bayard, Lieu-
tenant, U. S. A 185
Schley, Winfield Scott, effect-
ive blockade of Havana,
Cuba 191
Schroter, August P., company
K, died of fever 252
Schutz, Gustav C, company L,
died on board 'La Grande
Duchesse and buried at
sea 253, 290
Schuyler, Captain Walter S.,
United States Army 156, 157
Scofield, Private Sidney A.,
company K, buried at
edge of the. stream at
foot of El Poso Hill,
Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 231, 252
Second Battalion, Seventy-first
Eegiment Infantry, New
York. Volunteers 235
236, 278
encamped at top of hill
in sight of Santiago 223
under Major Wells, detailed
to build bridges and im-
prove roads 241
ordered to march to Santi-
ago and take transport
for Montauk, Long Is-
land 288
Second . Brigade, Cavalry 166
Second Provisional Eegiment,
or Second liegiment Infan-
try, New York Volun-
teers 156, 211
Second Eegiment Infantry,
Massachusetts Volun-
teers -. 163, 167, 170, 192
officers biiy horses 177
part of Ludlow's com-
mand at El Caney, Cuba, 356
utilized as a support 357
Seguranca, ship 206, 208, 213
Selfridge, First Lieutenant Ed-
ward A., Jr., company K,
promoted captain 183
Senate, United States 171
Seneca, transport ship 211
Seventh Eegiment Cavalry 218
374 Index — Seventy-first Regt., N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
Seventh Regiment Infantry,
funeral of private of 281
Seventh Eegiment, New York
Volunteers, company K 181
Seventy-first Regiment Infan-
try, National Guard, New
York. (See National Guard
and New Yurk Volunteers.)
Seventy-first Regiment Veteran
Association 180
Seventy-first veterans on
wharf to greet Cuban sol-
diers of Seventy-first Regi-
ment 298
Sevilla, Cuba 216, 218, 220, 230
Seventy-first regiment
■ pitched camp at 223
Spanish block house near
camp at 223
two corporals and several
privates of Tenth Cav-
alry interred near 223
camp at, representatives
of prominent newspapers
and journals of New
York at 226
sketch of road to San
Juan Hill, from 227
Shafter, General William R., U.
S. A., Fifth Army Corps, 177
196, 198, 207, 212, 233, 260
wished to avoid bombard-
ment of the citj' 242
had forbidden sale of
liquors for three days in
Santiago, Cuba 272
directed by authorities at
Washington to remove
all troops to United
States 286
Sharrott, First Sergeant Eu-
gene L., company G, died of
typhoid fever 250
Shaw, Private Frederick V. V.,
company A, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 244, 247
Shaw, Private John A., com-
pany F, song selections, 206
died of fever 250
Sheppard, Private William B.,
company M, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 245
Shinnecock, Long Island, light
off 290
Short, Sergeant Peter H., Jr.,
company A, appointed first
lieutenant 183
Siboney, Cuba 212, 214
215, 216, 217, 218, 223
234, 240, 242, 243, 254
258, 267, 268, 273, 287
PAGK
Siboney, Cuba:
sketch of 21H
Seventy-first Regiment
landed at 213
pitched camp at 215
United States post-office
opened at 24;i
every wooden house burned
to ground on account of
yellow fever 243
first tent given to regi-
ment by Y. M. C. A.
army commission, left on
vessel at 269
insufficient lighterage fa-
cilities at 271
wretched roads five miles
out from 271
hospital, some sick of Sev-
enty-first Regiment at. . . 295
Signal Corps 230
Sing Sing, New York 248
Sixteenth Regiment Infantry,
regulars 177, 216, 217
223, 233, 236, 258, 260
262, 264, 282, 285, 293
ordered to proceed to
transports at Port Tam-
pa, Florida 192
moved to the right 267
band of, played martial
airs as vessel swung into
the Caribbean 290
Sixth Regiment Infantry, regu-
lars 177, 185
216, 217, 223, 227, 233
236, 258, 260, 264, 28S
ordered to proceed to
transports at Port Tam-
pa, Florida 192
moved to the right 267
started for Santiago and
Montauk 288
Sixty-fifth Regiment Infan-
try, National Guard, New
York 156
Sixty-ninth Regiment Infan-
try, National Guard, New
York 156
Sixty-ninth Regiment Infan-
try, New York Volunteers. . 172
173, 210
Skinner, Private Louis I?., com-
pany B, killed in action
at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 231, 24S
buried at edge of stream
at foot of El Poso Hill,
Cuba 240
Small, Corporal Louis B., com-
pany B, died of disease 247
Index — Sbvbnty-fikst Eegt., N. Y. State Volunteers. 375
PAGE
Smith, Major Clinton Haptt... 164
promoted lieutenant-
colonel 182
lieutenant-colonel .... 197, 210
283, 300
appointed caterer to offi-
cers' mess 209
down with iever 276
in command of regiment.. 282
Smith, Brigadier-General
George Moore 156
South Carolina 216
Spain 152, 163, 191
war between United States
and 153, 305
reality of impending strug-
gle with, realized 161
all terms of surrender
merciful to 244
its army to be returned to,
only stipulation in sur-
render of Santiago, Cuba, 244
24,000 Spanish troops to be
transported there in
their own vessels 268
had sued for peace 278
had agreed to all the
terms of peace imposed
by the United States 283
Spanish, The 212
217, 218, 219, 266
had retreated to entrench-
ments before El Caney
and . Santiago 225
their excellent system of
fortifications, etc., in
Cuba 227
fled in retreat as they saw
United States troops
advancing 233
neither regarded nor re-
spected the Red Cross
Society 235
had been driven back
toward Santiago 238
made their last attempt to
destroy United States
troops 238
lost about 3,000 troops 239
sent their first shot of bat-
tle 261
returned the fire with
shrapnel 261
volley. firing on men ford-
ing stream 262
strong entrenchments and
fortifications built by
along eastern end of
Santiago 271
starving, surged about the
wharf waiting to be fed, 273
brass bullets used by 223
FAOi:
Spanish, The:
wounded at Las Guasimas
who died returning to
Santiago buried in trench, 224
fired from block houses
and entrenchments 230
had sharpshooters in tall
cocoanut trees along the
road 230
sent shrapnel flying in
every direction 230
used smokeless powder 230
aim, upon gun on El Poso
Hill very accurate 228
army, made a solid pha-
lanx of troops from
San Juan, three miles
to the^eft 227
to be returned to
Spain, only stipula-
tion in surrender of
Santi.igo 244
block house, near camp at
Sevilla 223
colonel, killed by an ex-
ploded shell 215
entrenchments, fired upon
with shrapnel 261
fire. Second Massachusetts
suffered from 257
fleet . . 198
■prisoners, of equal rank,
exchanged for ours 242
ships 198
sighted off Massachu-
setts coast 164
soldiers along outskirts of
city receiving morn-
ing messs 271
housed on both sides
of street in Andalu-
sian quarter 272
troops, had fled toward
Santiago, Cuba 215
in jungle, attack First
United States -Volun-
teer Cavalry 216
24,000 transported to
Spain in their own
vessels 268
war 177, 259
Spitzel (Pitzel), Sergeant Max,
company F, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 244
Spottsylvania, Virginia, battle
of ." 220
Squadron A 161
band 163
furnished music for re-
view of troops 160
Stafford, Surgeon Harry Eu-
gene 237
376 Index — Sevbxtx-fiest Eegt., N. Y. State Voluntbers.
PAGE
Stafford, Harry Eugene,
Captain, mustered into
United States service as
surgeon 156
responded to address 180
weak from o'verwork 276
Stafford, Captain and Assist-
ant Surgeon James 79
mustered into XTnited
States service as surgeon, 156
on duty in Cuba 247
had been detailed to serve
with Fourth Regiment
Infantry 287
requested to be returned
to Seventy-first Regi-
ment 287
Starin's barges, used in get-
tlngf soldiers ready for
camp 291
State Armory, New York city,
Thirty-fourth street and
Park avenue... 165, 297, 299, 300
301, 302, 303, 304
State of Texas, Eed Cross
steamer 274
first to enter harbor after
surrender 273
Stegman, Henry !{., of the
New York Tribune 169, 220
Stephens (Stevens), Quarter-
master Amos H 22G
recuperating at Siboney,
Cuba 243
made requisition for khaki
suits for regiment 278
Sternberg-, General George M.,
U. S. A 284, 287
decided to remove troops
to Montauk Puint 287
Stevenson, Hospital Steward
George H., in hospital at
Santiago 247
Stoddard, Captain Charles Her-
bert, company E 304
assigned to take care of
sick 192
in comiuand of 200 recruits
at Camp Black 295
Stoddard, Henry L., of the
Mail and Express 169
226, 266
account of the engagement
nf rei,'^iment at San Juan
Hill 256-266
Sumner, General Samuel S.,
U. S. A 260
ordered shrapnel to be
used instead of solid
shot 261
Sun, the newspaper 207,223
PAGE
TALCOTT, WILLIAM A., JR.,
company M, died of fever and
peritonitis 254
Tampa, Florida 163, 164
166, 167, 175, 183, 184, 194
196, 356, 267, 269, 277, 295
regiment ordered to.. 161, 177
thirty of regiment left to
guard property in 29&
Tampa Bay, Florida 184
187, 191, 194, 198, 200, 202
Tampa Bay Hotel, Tampa,
Florida 184
army corps headquarters
at" 178
Tampa Heig-hts, Florida. . 173, 174
184, 185, 187, 18S, 190, 211
Tenth Regiment, United States
Cavalry 223
Tenth Regiment, United States
Infantry 216
Third Battalion, Seventy-first
Regiment Infantry 235
led by Major Keck, among
first troops to arrive on
San Juan Hill, Cuba 234
companies B and L or-
dered to march to Santi-
ago and take transport
for Montauk, Long Is-
land 288
Third Regiment Cavalry, U.
S. A 303
Infantry 220
Thirteenth Regiment Infantry,
U. S. A 194, 23a
made gallant charge on
block house at extreme
left 264
Thirteenth Regiment, National
Guard, New York 156
Thirtieth Regiment Infantry,
Indiana, company A 257
Thirty-fourth street, New
York 155. 299, 303
Thompson, Second Lieutenant
Jcihn M., company K, pro-
moted first lieutenant 182
Thorp, Edward Y., company B,
died of disease 248
Thurston, Dr 274
Thurston, Mrs 274
Tod, Commissary J. Kennedy,
formerly of Seventy-first
Regiment 181
Townsend, Captain Eugene
De Kay, company A 176
Transports, order of advance
of American transports
from Florida to Cuba 195
Tribuu'^ The, newspaper 226
Index — Sbvbnty-fiest Rbgt., N. Y. State Volunteers. 377
PAGE
Trinity church, rang its
chimes as Seventy-first Kegi-
ment parade passed 299.
Trull, Lieutenant William E.,
Jr., company G, wounded in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 231, 244
Twentieth Regiment Infantry,
U. S. A 216
Twenty-third Eegiment Infan-
try, U. S. A 216
Twenty-fourth Eegiment In-
fantry, regulars i . . 220
233, 257, 267
made gallant charge on
block house at extreme
left 264
Twenty-second street. New
York 1S5
UNITED STATES 154, 155
158, 174, 304
war between, Spain and.. 153
305
three oJfBcers of, and three
attaches from foreign
governments, settled
terms of surrender of
Santiago, Cuba . .' 244
all terms of surrender
favorable to 244
mails arrive from 282
Spain agreed to all the
terms of peace imposed
by 283
authorities at Washington
directed General Shafter
to remove all troops to, 286
United States Army '. 157, 158
194, 2ip, 220, 256, 267, 284
engages in first battle on
Cuban soil at Las Guasi-
mas 216
United States Engineer Corps, 230
United States First Volunteer
Cavalry 217, 218, 228
commonly known as Roose-
velt Rough Riders 216
encountered Spanish troops
in the jungle 216
United States Third Regiment
Cavalry 303
Fourth Regiment Infan-
try 287
Sixth Regiment Infantry, 177
185, 217; 223, 227, 236
258, 260, 264, 282
ordered to proceed to
transports at Port
Tanipa, Florida 192
moved to the right 267
Ninth Regiment" Infantry,. 264
PAGE
United States Thirteenth Regi-
ment Infantry, made
gallant charge on block
house at extreme left. . . 2C4
Sixteenth Regiment Infan-
try 177, 217
223, 236, 258,-260
264, 282, 285, 293
ordered to proceed to
transports at Port
Tampa, Florida 192
moved to the right 267
band of, played mar-
tial airs as vessel
swung into the Carib-
bean 290
Twenty-fourth Regiment
Infantry 367
made gallant charge
on block house at
extreme left 264
United States authorities 273
United States cavalry service, 178
United States generals, sent
letter to government urging
return of troops to their
homes 287
United States government,
transport ship 199
supplied no means of
transportation to the
I'egiment / . 284
paid Seventy-first Regi-
ment while at Tampa
Heights 293
United States marines, had
successful fight with Span-
iards at Guantanamo, Cuba, 216
United States Military Acad-
emy 175, 216, 220, 256, 259
United States Navy 218
United States ofBcers 156
beseech Red Cross Society
for food and medicine
for sick soldiers 274
United States paymaster, 188, 189
United States postmaster of
Cuba, Mr. Brewer, died of
yellow fever 243
United States post-office,
opened at Siboney, Cuba 243
United States regulars 294
United States Senate 171, 181
United States service 153, 156
157, 178, 188, 303
United States soldiers 231, 373
fell dead and wounded on
every side 231
lay in trenches expecting
an attack 240
yellow fever made its ap-
pearance among 343
378 Inhex — Sbvbnty-fiest Eegt., N. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
United States soldiers:
lirst shot from their can-
non fired at San Juan
without effect 260
and volunteers mixed, in
charge up San Juan Hill,
Cuba 264
five regiments of, in vic-
torious charge up San
Juan Hill, Cuba 264
swamp fever began to de-
velop among those at
front 268
enlisted men of, forbidden
to enter Santiago, Cuba, 273
only such officers as had a
pass allowed to enter
Santiatjo, Cuba 273
so many deaths among,
that customary salutes
at graves were not fired, 275
water carried in canteens
from a stream a mile
and a half away 276
news of peace 279
United States vessels 197
United States Volunteer Army, 160
304, 305
VALENTINE, PRIVATE WIL=
LIAM S., company C, wound-
ed in action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 244
Van Dewater, Chaplain George
Roe 153, 158, 160, 161
166, 167, 172, 173, 174, 176
178, 183, 184, 189, 190, 191
205, 206, 212, 217, 222, 227
228, 238, 239, .240, 247, 269
detailed to prepare an itin-
erary of regiment 152
offers prayer for Divine
protection 153
detailed to act as caterer
to officers' mess 160
swindled in buying a horse, 177
to Tampa for medical sup-
plies 17S
telegraphs to friends for
delicacies for the sick.. 179
responded to address 181
relieved of duties as ca-
terer to officers' mess... 209
receives check for $50 to
feed Seventy-first men
and promptly returns it
with thanks 210
a dry landing 214
held evening service 221
memorable Sunday ser-
vice 221, 222
PAGE
Van Dewater, Chaplain Georgre
Koe:
ordered to take his place
with surgeons 231
detailed to Siboney on
transportation of wound-
ed men 242
assigned to duty at Sib-
oney 268
wardrobe pretty well de-
pleted 270
kindness of Charles F.
Barrett and Charles A.
Brittain 270
started on foot for Santi-
ago to procure provis-
ions and medicines for
the sick 270
went into Santiago and
secured from Red Cross
Society milk and rice for
the sick 280
erroneously published by
New York World as
among victims of El
Caney battle 2S1
invited to officiate at the
funeral of a Seventh
United States Re^^iment
private 281
notified the parents when-
ever a death occurred in
the regiment 28'.i
visits general hospital
tents twice daily and
those seriously ill more
frequently 284
held divine service in Y. M.
C. A. tent 2SS
assisted by Chaplain Bate-
man in church service
for burial at sea 290
detailed by Colonel Downs
to secure food from Red
Cross Society 292
offered his services at gen-
eral hospital 293
given 30 days' leave of ab-
sence by General
Wheeler 295
gave thanks to God for His
mercies 302
received a communication
from Greenport, Long
Island, undertaker con-
cerning dead of Seventy-
first Regiment 302
writing and compiling his-
tory of regiment 304
his subscription to Colonel
Wallace Abel Downs 305
Index — Seventy-first Rbgt., N. Y. State Voldntebes. 379
FAOIS
Veteran Association, Seventy-
first Kegiment 180, 188
committee of, greeted regi-
ment at Long Island
City 297
Vigilancia, transport ship 152
184, 198, 199, 200, 207, S12
213, 218, 246, 277, 281, 305
selected by Colonel Downs
to transport regiment to
Cuba 197
boarded by regiment 197
Volunteer Army 155, 156, 158
Von Ette, Arthur, company K,
died on board Missouri, at
sea 252
WAQSTAFF, MRS. WALTER
H., of New York 180
Walsh, William J., company D,
died of fever 249
Walton, Samuel J., company C,
died of disease 248
War, articles of 189
War, Secretary of, Gene];a,l
Alger . . ' 887
Ward Line 163, 197
Washington, D. C 166, 167, 295
authorities at, directed
General Shafter to re-
move all troops to
United States 286
Washington Arch, New York
city. Seventy-first Kegiment
•parade began at 299
Watch Hill, Rhode Island 254
Watertown, New YorkJ 249
Watson, Private Harry S., com-
pany M, wounded in action
at San Jnan Hill, Cuba 244
Watt, Mrs. Archibald, of New
York 180
Wauhatchie, Tennessee 175
Waverly place, New York city, 298
Weeks, Private Charles J., com-
pany C, wounded in action
at San .Tuan Hill, Cuba 245
Wendland, !Emil, company D,
died of typhoid fever 249
Wells, Captain James HoUis,
company F, superintend-
ed laying of water pipes
at Camp Black 162
promoted major 182
major 223
report of First and Second
battalions in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba, 236-237
with Second Battalion de-
tailed to build bridges
and improve roads 241
PAGE
West Indies 184
West Point Military Academy, 175
216, 220, 256, 259
Westburg, New York 254
Westerberg, Private Leonard,
company C, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 245
Wetherbee, Gardner, Hawk &,
Messrs., dinner to officers of
regiment 303
Weyler, General Don Valeriano
Y. Nicolau 214
Weynian, First Lieutenant
Frederick H 183
second lieutenant, appoint-
ed first lieutenant and
battalion adjutant 182
Wheeler, General Joseph, U. S. .
A., rallied cavalry troops, 220
sent leave of absence of
thirty days to Chaplain
Van De Water 295
White, Hubbard W., company
A, died of yellow fever 247
Whitehall street. New York
city 298
Seventy-first Kegiment
conveyed to foot of, 297, 298
Whittle, Captain John Henry,
company A, promoted
major . . . , 182
with First Battalion de-
tailed to build bridges
and improve roads 241
Williams, First Lieutenant
Alexander Scott, company I, 186
194, 237
Williams, Edgar E., company
E, died of fever 249
Williams, Private James T.,
company L, died of yellow
fever 253, 281
Windward passage 206
Wolters, Musician Frederick,
Jr., company G, wounded in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 245
Women's Aid Society, served
refreshments to the troops, 302
Wood, Colonel 'Leonard 192
216, 260
false report of his death.. 218
acting as brigadier-gen-
eral 228
Wood, Major Marshall W.,
U. S. A 289
Woodford, General Stewart L., 153
World, the, newspaper 281
Worshipful Master, Free Ma-
sons ISO
380 Index — Seventy-first Kegt., K. Y. State Volunteers.
PAGE
"YANKEE," cruiser 176
Ybor City, Florida, Cuban set-
tlement 183
184, 185, 188, 193, 194
Yellow fever, called Calentura,
Dangui, or Cuban fever, 376
hospital 281
Y. M. C. A 384
large tent given by,
brought out and erected
for use of enlisted men.. 283
army commission, repre-
sented by Charles F.
Barrett and Charles
A. Brittain 369
its small tent used as
hospital for regi-
ment 269
divine services and so-
cial gatherings Of
regiment .held in its
large tent 369
distributed over 20,000
sheets of paper and
10,000 envelopes 270
headquarters of 883
Yonkers, New York 247
PAGE
Young, Brigadier-General Sam.-
uel B. M., U. S. A 166
disabled in Las Guasimas
action 238
Second Brigade of Cav-
alry 217, 318
Young, Sergeant William D. S., 283
company -E, died of moun-
tain fever .. 349, 280
buried west of entrench-
ments near Santiago,
Cuba 280
Youngs, Sergeant George B,
company I, wounded in ac-
tion at San Juan Hill, Cuba, 344
Youngs, Private Lewis B., com-
pany M, w^ounded in action
at San Juan HIU, Cuba 244
ZIEQNER, SERGEANT HER=
MAN, company E, died of
fever 349
Zitnik, Private Henry W., com-
pany A, wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba.. 344
Zoller, Frank H., company H,
died of intermittent fever... 351
GENERAL INDEX.
For the individual index of regiments see page 319 et seq.
PAGE
ABEEL, ADJUTANT ALFRED
HAVENS 219, 303
lieutenant, appointed ad-
jutant 177
his difficulty in landing... 314
. Ahem, Corporal William J.,
■wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Aid Society, Bronx borough... 285
Alameda, mail steamer 24
Albany, New York 18, 29, 39
73, 83, 107, 128, 134
138, 141, 146, 182, 316
Henry L. Stoddard, served
as correspondent at 314
Tenth Battalion, com-
panies A, B, C and D, of, 17
Alden, Quartermaster George
M., Thirteenth Battalion,
National Guard 47
mustered in as captain
and quartermaster, Sec-
ond Kegiment 70
captain, mustered out of
United States service ... 82
Alden, Frank E., died of ma-
larial fever 252
Aldrich, Lieutenant Bishop L., 47
second lieutenant. National
Guard, not mustered 48
Alger, Eussell A., Secretary of
War . . 147
w^ i t h Surgeon-General
Sternberg, decided to
have troops removed to
Montauk Point 287
Allatoona Pass, Georgia 256
Allen, Private Charles W., died, 68
Allen, Sergeant Elisha M., in-
jured * 58
Allen farm, Virginia 92, 95
on Difficult Eun, First Bri-
gade, excepting Twenty-
second Kansas Kegiment,
ordered to 92
Alliance, steamship 22
PAGE
Althause, Private Joseph F.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba.j, 245
Alvarez, Kamon, on New York
Herald war staff 316
American commanders of war-
ships, spoke well of newspa-
per correspondents 317
American flag, first hoisted on
Puerto Eico, by crew of
Gloucester 309
hoisted at Guanica, pre-
sented to city of Glouces-
ter 309
American forces 215
American Line 218
American war vessels, all ex-
cept. Gloucester, pursued
four Spanish cruisers 311
American youth, patriotism
of 183
Amsterdam, New York, Forty-
sixth Separate Company
of 49, 79
State Armory 81
Andalusian quarter, Santiago,
Spanish soldiers housed in.. 272
Andre, Private Charles, wound-
ed in action at San Juan
Hill, Cuba 245
Andrews, MajoE Avery D 161
Andrews, Captain James M.,
Jr 49
Andrews, Brigadier-General
John N., Second Brigade, 136, 137
Annapolis, Maryland, Naval
Academy Museum, Spanish
flag captured at Puerto Kico,
hangs in 309
Annexation ceremonies of
transfer of Hawaiian Islands
to United States 23
Anthony, Colonel Charles,
Third Ohio 135
Apache Indians 44
Aquadores, feint made to land
troops at 213
382
General Index.
PAGE
Aqueduct bridge, Virginia, 93, 94
Arizona, ship <J;i
Army Commission, Y. M. C. A., 174
175, 28!!
work in Cuba 381
corps, headquarters, at
Tampa Bay Hotel, Flor-
ida 178
Artesian wells sxink to supply
water for camp 186
Articles of war 189
Ashley, Assistant Surgeon
Maurice Cavileer.. 19, 20, 21, 25
Associated Press 207, 317
Astor, Lieutenant-Colonel John
Jacob, on General Shafter's
staff 260, 262
Atlanta, Georgia 68
70, 71, 140, 257
Atlantic, Division of the 40, 41
Atlantic liner, mentioned 199
Atlantic Ocean 316, 317
Auburn, New York 85, 125
Second Separate Company
of 84
Austin, Captain Elmore Far-
rington 235
among first troops To ar-
rive at San Juan Hill,
Cuba <233
Australia, mail steamer 24
Averill Park, New York 71
74, 75
BABBITT, GEORGE M., died
on board ship and buried at
sea 253, 290
Babcock, Captain JFraiik G.,
Jr., Forty-seventh Sepa-
rate Company 84
company K 85
military record of.... 130, 131
mustered out 13J
Babcock, Private George
L 183, 184
Babcock, Mrs. George L.. 183, 184
Bahama Channel, Great. . 200, 204
Bahme, Private Felix, died 76
Bailey, Private Edward A.,
died 29
Bailey, First Lieutenant Fred-
erick W. G., military rec-
ord of 114
mustered out 114
Baiquiri (Daiquiri), Cuba, 313, 369
artillery at 335
Baker, Private Charles N., died, 68
Baker, Second Lieutenant
William 48
Balch, Major Lewis, assistant
surgeon-general. New
York, mustered in as
surgeon 45
PAGE
Balch, Major Lewis:
acting assistant surgeon-
general 47
assigned to duty as acting .
chief surgeon 52
organized Division Hos-
pital and Ambulance
company 53
surgeon, appointed chief
surgeon 56
ordered to report to his
regiment 66
commissioned brigadier-
surgeon. United States
Volunteers 82
resigned 82
Baltimore, Maryland 51, 132
Baltimore and Ohio Eailway, 51
88, 132
Baltimore and Ohio Southwes-
tern Eailway — '. . 51
Barber, Captain Clarence
James, Second Separate
Company 84
company M 85
military record of 133
mustered out .' 133
Barber, Colonel Merritt, as-
s i s t a n t adjutant-general.
United States Army 31, 32
Barber, Colonel Thomas H., 20, 21
22, 23, 24, 31, 33
33, 34, 36, 37, 41
appointed colonel, First
Regiment, National
Guard 18
formally accepted colors
presented to his regi-
ment 19
promoted brigadier-gen-
eral. United States Vol-
unteers 37
abiise of, uncalled for 37
military record of 39-43
mustered out United States
service 43
Barnett, Colonel John T., 159th
Indiana 93
Bamival, Corporal John J.,
injured 58
Barnum, John M., died of dys-
entery 250
Barrett, Charles F., repre-
sented Army Commis-
sion, Y. M. C. A 369
evangelist of Moody Insti-
tute, in charge of army
commission work in
Cuba 281
kindly ministrations to
Seventy-firsl; Regiment . . 282
Gbnhral Index.
383
PAGE
Barrett, Private Malcolm,
■wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Barron, Captain Hugh J 130
resigned 147
Barry, Thomas H., A. A. G., U.
S. A 33
Bartholomew, Second Lieuten-
ant Alanson D 49, 61
Barton, Miss Clara \.. 273, 274
Bateman, Chaplain Cephas C,
Sixteenth Infantry, regu-
lars 290
ajipointed chaplain at gen-
eral hospital, Montauk
Point . . .. :......... 293
Bates, Adjutant William
Graves . . 172, 182
appointed captain volun-
teers 181
Bander, Captain Frank 49
Bauni, Dr. Henry C, Forty-
first Separate Company,
Syracuse, mustered in as
assistant surgeon 45
captain, commissioned ma-
jor and surgeon, Second
llegimeut, New York
Volunteers 82
mustered out 83
Hauth, Private E. F., trans-
ferred to Division Hospital
Corps 60
Baxter, First Lieutenant Alex-
ander Gillespie 26
Bayonne, New Jersey 248
Beach Grove, North Carolina . . 108
Beardslee, Private Burton M.,
died 29'
B e a 1 1 y, Quartermaster-Ser-
geant John H 282
detailed to Siboney to han-
dle mail for the Seventy-
first Regiment 243
Bedloes Island, New York 164
Beekman, Lieutenant William
Schuyler 182
recuperating at Siboney,
Cuba 243
Belgium 40
Bell, Major and Surgeon Wil-
liam Duffield 193
208, 218, 237
mustered into United
States service as sur-
geon 156, 276
Bell, Surgeon William Duf-
field 286
Bemus (Bemis), Major and
. Surgeon William Mar-
vin 123
PAGE
Bemus (Bemis), Major and
Surgeon William Marvin,
mustered into United
States service as sur-
geon . . 86
military record of 110
mustered out 110
Bernheimer, Messrs 282
Betts, Private Clarence W., ap-
pointed regimental sergeant-
major 70
Biddle, Nicholas, on New York
Herald war staff '. 316
Big Horn Mountains, Wy-
oniing 41
Bigelow, Poultney, Herald cor-
respondent 169
Bills, Coloinel Charles J., Sec-
ond Nebraska Volunteer In-
fantry 52
Bingliamton, Twentieth Sepa-
rate Company 17
Birmii'igham, Alabama 143
Black, Governor Frank S 18
45, 48, 87, 109, 131
133, 137, 155, 171, 295
reviewed Second Regiment,
New York Volunteers ... 46
visited encampment of
Sixty-ninth Regiment . . 144
reviewed troops 160
Black, Joseph I., died of entero
colitis 251
Black, Colonel William M.,
landed a portion of engi-
neer battalion 308
regiment of engineers,
landed 309
Blackington, T?rivate Hugh P.,
discharged from United
States service 76
Blanchard, Private William A.,
injured . . 58
Blanco, Captain General Ra-
mon, ordered Admiral Cer-
vera to take his entire fleet
out to sea 239
Blauvelt, • Quartermaster-Ser-
geant Lester J., ap-
pointed second lieuten-
ant 182
detailed commissary of
regiment 182
Bleakley, Private Andrew W.,
died 80
Bloody Bend, a thick gulch
near El Poso, Cuba 229, 241
Boardman, Second Lieutenant
Fred W 26
Boice, First Lieutenant Charles
Henry 26
384
General Index.
PAGE
Bolger, Second Lieutenant
John F 130
recommended to be first
lieutenant 131
Bonsai, Stephen, of the Sun... 318
Booth, Private Frank W., ap-
. pointed amanuensis . 312
buried near the ford below
San Juan Hill, Cuba 340
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba......... 350
Booth, Private John, buried
near the ford below Sail
Juan Hill, Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 252
Boston, Massachusetts 349
First Corps, Cadets 109
Bostwick, Mr 183, 184
Botts, Private John M.,
wounded in a,ction at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Bourke, John, died of typhoid
fever 351
Bowman and Harsh, Messrs.,
Birmingham, Alabama 143
Boynton, Sergeant Charles F.,
appointed second lieutenant, 183
Brainard, First Lieutenant
James S., military record
of 118
mustered out 118
Brainard, Chaplain James Wil-
son 123
military record of Ill
mustered out Ill
Brayton, Sergeant-Major Clar-
ence E., military record
of Ill
died ; 134
commissioned second lieu-
tenant 137
Brazee (Brezee), Private Fred-
erick A., injured 58
Brett, Captain Lloyd M., Third
United States Cavalry,
detailed as mustering-
out ofiicer of the Sev-
enty-iirst Regiment 303
guest at dinner given to
Seventy-first Regiment
oificers . . 303
Brewer, Mr. Eben, United
States postmaster in Cuba,
died of yellow fever 343
Bristoe, Virginia 100
British Columbia 41
British consul at Santiago,
kindness of 374
Brittain, Charles A., represent-
ed Army Commission, Y.
M. C. A 369
PAGE
Brittain, Charles A.:
with the chaplain and
Charles F. Barrett, ef-
forts to procure provis-
ions and medicines for
the sick 270
gave tent to Seventy-first
Regiment for a hospital, 383
Broad Creek, Virginia 100
Broad Run, Virginia. . . . . ^ 101, 102
Broadway, New York 298
Broadway Tabernaolej Thirty-
fourth street. New York 180
Bronx borough,' New York.... 385
Brooke, General John R., U.
■S. A 133, 133, 134
Brooklyn, The, United States
cruiser 318
Brooklyn, New York: 39
348, 249, 353, 301
Brooklyn bridge 398
Brooklyn Eagle 318
Brower, Charles D 174
Brovyn, Private Clinton B.,
buried near the ford be-
low. San Juan Hill, Cuba, 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 353
Brown, Henry S., in charge of
Herald forces in West Indies, 316
Brown, Private John K.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 345
Brown, Colonel Oscar J., Sec-
ond Georgia 135, 140
Brown, First Lieutenant Thur-
. ber A 106
military record of 121
mustered out 131
Brown, Walter J., died of dys-
entery 348
Brovyn, Wilson and. Infirmary, 143
Brugman, Dr. Albert F., Sec-
ond Battery, National
Guard, New York, mus-
tered in as assistant sur-
geon 46
detailed to assist at Sec-
ond Division Hospital. . . 68
captain, mustered out 83
Bryant, First Sergeant Wil-
liam W., recommended to
be second lieutenant 133
second lieutenant, re-
signed . . 150
Bull Run Creek, Virginia 98
'99, 100
temporary bridge con-
structed over 99
Bull Run Field, Virginia, Third
Regiment, New York Volun-
teers, arrived at. . . , 98
General Index.
385
PAGE
Burhans, Arthur D., died of
disease 348
Burkes Station, Virginia, Third
Kegiment, New Yorii Vol-
unteers, arrived at 96
Third Regiment, New Yorlc
Volunteers, left camp at, 97
Burton, Sergeant-Major Ed-
ward H 2t
Second Lieutenant, com-
pany B 25
promoted to second lieu-
tenant 28
Butler, Captain John G 85
93, 97
Forty-first Separate Com-
pany 85
to Syracuse to receive re-
cruits 91
military record of 115-116
mustered out IIC
Butler, Captain Mighells Bach-
man, Forty-second Sepa-
rate Company 84
nominated major 83
mustered into United
States service as major . . 87
mentioned 97, 104, 106, 123
military record of 108
mustered out 108
Butt, Brigadier-General McCos-
kry, National Guard, New
York 156
CALENTURA, or yellow fever, 276
California 35, 171
regiment 32
Callanan, Private John J., Jr.,
promoted second lieutenant,
203rd New York Volunteers, 27
Camp Alger (Russell A.), Falls
Church, Virginia 33, 58
87, 88, 89, 90, 104
abandoned on account of
increase of sickness 94
Camp Black, Hempstead
Plains, Long Island, New
York 18, 19
30, 31, 37, 45, 48, 50
58, 68, 75, 81, 84, 85
87, 89, 138, 154, 155, 158
161, 163, 164, 168, 169, 172
174, 176, 311, 253, 285, 304
account of water supply
at 163
Colonel Arthur MacArthur
pays troops 393
200' recruits encamped at.. 395
Seventy-first Reg i.m e n t
New York Volunteers,
ordered to reassemble
at for muster-out of
United States service... 303
PAGE
Camp Forse (Albert G.), H\ints-
viUe, Alabama 146, 151
Camp Hardin, Averill Park,
New York 74, 77
soldiers at, annoyed by
sightseers 75
passed into history 78
Camp McKinley, Hawaiian
Islands 22, 23, 29, 30
Camp Meade, Middletown,
Pennsylvania .. 104, 105, 137
First Battalion, Third New
York Volunteers, arrived
at 106
Second Battalion, Third
New York Volunteers,
arrived at 106
Camp Merritt, Calif omiia 31
Camp Presidio, San Francisco,
California 21
Camp Tampa, Florida 128
Camp Thomas, Kentucky 55
Camp Wheeler, Huntsville, Ala-
bama 141, 143
Camp WikofE, Montauk Point,
Long Island 246, 247, 248
249, 350, 251, 352, 253
inefBcient management, es-
pecially of hospitals 394
well men here had no rea-
son to complain.... 394
sick of Seventy-first Regi-
ment left in Santiago, as
soon as recovered, sailed
for : 296
sick of Seventy-first Regi-
ment in 296
list of Seventy-first Regi-
ment dead at 303
Campbil farm, Virginia, on
which Camp Alger was lo-
cated 88
Canada, Dominion of 41
Canaries, The 316^
Canning, Private George C 206
Cape San Juan, Porto Rico,
expedition to Porto Rico
under General Miles de-
signed to land at 306
Capron, Captain Allyn, U. S. A.,
military record of, foot-
note ; 259-
died near Fort Myer, Vir-
ginia 359
Capron, Captain Allyn Kissam,
Rough Riders, military
record of 218
killed in action at Las
Guasimas, Cuba 259
Capron's artillery opened fire
at El Caney, Cuba 259
Carey, Private John, injured
in railway wreck 145
386
General Index.
PAGE
Caribbean Sea 290, 315
Carlisle, Corporal Lewis W.,
■wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 245
died from wounds received
in action 253
Carmer, William K., died on
board Missouri, at sea 249
■<!arolina. South 316
Carolinas, The, campaign of.. 256
Carpenter, Harry F., died of
typhoid malaria 250
Carpenter, Brigadier-General
Louis H., Fourth Army
Corps 52, 53, 54, 56, 63, 66
67, 134, 135, 149
Carpenter's Brigade 54
Carroll, General Howard, in-
spected Sixty-ninth Eegi-
ment 137
Carroll, Private James F.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 344
Carswell, Nathan H., died of
malarial fever 353
Carter, Private Charles F.,
died 29
Case, Private Charles Irving,
injured 58
Casey, Private James L., trans-
ferred to division hospital
corps 60
Casey, Private Thomas, died.. 151
Cavanaugh, John F., died of
fever 252
Central Railroad of New Jer-
sey 50, 51
Cervera, Admiral Pasqual
(Pascual), ordered to
take his fleet to sea 239
lost every vessel at the
mouth of Santiago Har-
bor, Cuba 239
attempt to run the gaunt-
let of Sampson's squad-
, ron 311
fir^t story of destruction
of his squadron brought
to Port Antonio, Ja-
maica, by Golden Eod,
dispatch boat 316
Chaffee, General Adna E., lieu-
tenant-general, U. S. A., 150
brigade of regulars, or-
dered into final charge
at El Caney, Cuba 257
Chain Bridge, Virginia 93
Chamberlain, William J., of the
Sun 317
Chapel, Private Herbert S.,
died 77
Chapman, Carlton T., artist... 318
PAGE
Charles, First Lieutenant Wil-
liam S., military record
of 131
mustered out 121
Charles Nelson, packet 31
Charlotte, South Carolina 73
Charlottesville, Virginia 73
Chase, Major James T 19
20, 21, 28
resigned . . . . j 27
military record of 43
mustered in United States
service 43
retired 43
Chattanooga, Tennessee 51
Chattanooga Valley, Tennes-
see 51
Cheevers, William E., died of
fever 251
buried beyond entrench-
ments near Santiago,
Cuba 283
Chicago, Illinois 20
Chicago and Northwestern
Eailroad 20
Chickamauga, Georgia.. 31, 50, 53
54, 135, 137, 138, 188, 311
Sixty-ninth New York
Volunteers ordered to... 132
battlefield of 51
National Military Park,
Sixty-ninth Regiment ar-
rived at 133
Cincinnati, Ohio 51, 133, 140
City of Washington, transport
ship 175
Civil War 133, 160, 166, 175
veterans, escort of, added
a feature to parade of
Seventy-first Regiment, 300
Clark, Alexander H., died of
typhoid fever 243
Clark (Clarke), Private Wash-
ington B., wounded in action
at San Juan Hill, Cuba 344
Clarkin, Franklyn, of the Even-
ing Post 318
Clifton, Virginia 99
Cluett, Private George Alford,
appointed second lieutenant
202nd Regiment, New York
Volunteers 60
Cluett, Private Sanford L 55
Cochran, Colonel Melville A.,
U. S. A 185
Cohoes, New York, Seventh
Separate Company of, 48, 73, 80
Coleman, Second Lieutenant
Obed M 49
Collette, Private George F.,
transferred to Hospital
Corps, U. S. A 70
General Index.
387
PAGE
Collin, Captain Thomas Camp-
bell 48
major 53, 61, 7a
mvistered in as major 59
mustered out of United
States service 82
Collins, Surgeon George W.... 139
Colorado troops 31
Colt gun, on shore, in charge
of Lieutenant T. C. Wood. . . 307
308, 309
Columbia county. New York.. 314
Columbia, District of, First
Regiment 54, 56, 60
Columbia, South Carolina 78
Columbia University, New
York 183
Columbus, Ohio 146
Comba, General Bichard, U. S.
A 150
Commissary department 139
U. S. A 54
signs of improvement in. . 276
Commissioned oiEcers of First
Kegimeut, New York Volun-
teers, list of 35-39
Company A, Tenth Battalion,
became company A, First
Regiment 18
Company A, First Regiment In-
fantry, New York Volun-
teers 19, 30, 23
33, 34, 25, 37, 29
Company A, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 48, 50, 53
59, 60, 61, 63, 64
66, 70, 75, 78, 79
thirty-four recruits for ... 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service.... 80
to\\T deaths in 81
Company A, Third. Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 85, 114
Company A, Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 139, 148
Company A, Seventy-first
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 176, 182
183, 236, 237, 240
244, 245, 346, 247
only ten men remained for
camp duty 294
Company A, Thirtieth Indiana
Volunteer Infantry 257
Company A, Forty-eighth Regi-
ment, National Guard, New
York 116
Company A, Fifty-sixth New
York Volunteers 43
PAGE
Company B, Tenth Battalion,
became company B, First
Regiment, National Guard.. 18
Company B, First Regiment,
New York Volunteers... 19, 20
31, 33, 23, 24
25, 37, 38, 39
Company B, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 48
50, 53, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65
twenty-six recruits for... 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service 80
no deaths in 81
Company B, Third Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers < . 85, 87, 115
Company B, Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 139
133, 141, 144, 147, 151
Company B, Seventy-first
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers ... 182, 183
184, 306, 331, 340
243, 344, 345, 347
ordered to march to Santi-
ago and take transport
for Montauk, New York, 388
Company B, Tenth Regiment, 42
Company C, Tenth Battalion,
became company C, First
Regiment, National -Guard. . 18
Company C, First Regiment,
New York Volunteers 19
30, 21, 32, 23, 34, 35, 39
Company C, Second Regiment,
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 48, 50, 53
57, 60, 64, 65, 68, 70, 79
twenty-six recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service 80
three deaths in 81
Company C, Third Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 85, 105, 111, 115
detailed for guard duty at
Dunn Loring, Virginia . . 93
Comjpany C, Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 129, 131, 140, 148
Company C, Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 206, 217
331, 240, 244, 245, 346, 248
Company D, Tenth Battalion,
b'ecame company D, First
Regiment, National Guard.. 18
388
General Index.
PAG|!
Company D, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
SO, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29
Company D, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 47, 48
50, 53, 59, 63, 65
68, 75, 76, 79, 80
twenty-six recruits for. ... 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service.... 80
eight deaths in 81
Company D, Third. Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 85
86, 87, 93, 95, 127
mustered in United States
service 86
Company D, Sixty-ninth Regfi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 129, 147, 148, 151
Company D, Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers ; . . 236, 245, 248
Company D, Nineteenth New
York State Militia 43
Company D, 110th Battalion,
National Guard, New York, 107
121
Company E, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 19
20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29
Company E, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 49
50, 53, 59, 62, 68, 70, 76, 79
twelve recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service. ... 81
one death in 81
Company E, Third Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 86, 87, 117
men of, entertained by
citizens of Warrenton... 104
Company E, Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 130
131, 133, 142, 145
Company E, Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 192, 206, 219
244, 245, 246, 249, 280, 303
Company E, Ninth Indiana In-
fantry 257
Company E, Twenty-second
Regiment, National Guard,
New York 109, 126
PAGE
Company E, Fifty-fourth Regi-
ment, National Guard, New
York 114
Company F, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29
Company F, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 49
50, 53, 70
twelve recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service.... 81
no deaths in 81
Company F,- Third Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 86, 118
detailed for guard duty at
Dunn Loring, Virginia.. 93
detailed to round up
stragglers 97
Company F, Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 130, 151
Company F, Seventy-first Regfi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers, 153, 162, 194, 206
211, 212, 231, 236, 237, S40
244, 245, 246, 250, 283, 290
led by Captain RafEerty,
among first troops to ar-
rive on San Juan Hill,
Cuba 233
losses most severe 236
Company F, Forty-eighth Regi-
ment 116
Company G, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29
Company G, Second Regiment
Infantry,' New" York Vol-
unteers 49
50, 53, 70, 76, 78, 82
twelve recrmts for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service. ... 81
no deaths in 81
Company G, Third Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 86, 118
detailed as provost guard, 99
Company G, Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 130
142, 143, 145, 148
Company G, Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers i9i
236, 237, 244, 245, 246, 250
General Index.
389
PAGE
Company G, 168th New York
Volunteers 43
Company H, ITirst Eegiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 20
31, 22, S3, 24, 26, 30
in measles quarantine 19
joined headquarters at
Fort Columbus, New
York harbor 19
Company H, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 49, 50, 53, 79
twelve recruits for 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service 81
one death in 81
Company H, Third Eeglment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 86
103, 111, 119, 124
acted as color company. . . 90
Company H, Sixty-ninth Eegi-
. ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 130, 133
Company H, Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, National
. Guard, New York, first
company to encamp for
exam.ination and muster
into volunteer service. . . 155
New York Volunteers 206
236, 243, 244, 245, 246, 251
Company H, Seventh Regiment,
National Guard, New York. . 122
Company H, Fifty-fourth Regi-
ment, National Guard, New
York 122
Company H, Fourth Regiment,
National Guard, New Jersey. 117
Company I, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teer? 19, 20
21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30
Company I, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 49, 50, 53, 82
twenty-four recruits for.. 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service 81
no deaths in 81
Company I, Third Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 85, 93, 95, 120
Company I, Sdxty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 130, 147, 148
Company I, Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 170, 192
194, 206, 237, 240, 244, 351
PAGE
Company I, Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers:
led by Captain Meeks,
among first troops to
arrive on San Juan Hill,
Cuba 234
Company K, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19, 20, 21
22, 33, 24, 26, 28, 30, 44
Company K, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 47
48, 50, 53, 59, 75, 79, 80
twenty-seven recruits for. . 60
paid and musteaed out of
United States service... 81
three deaths in 81
Company K, Third Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 85, 93, 95, 130
Company K, Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 130, 133, 144, 148
Company K, Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 183, 318
331, 240, 244, 245, 251, 303
Company K, Seventh Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 181
Company L, First Regiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 80
Company L, Second Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 49, 50
53, 61, 68, 70, 76, 77, 80
twenty-eight recruits for . . 60
paid and mustered out of
* United States service .... 80
eight deaths in 81
Company L, Third Regiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 85
93, 95, 106, 114, 121
acted as escort to colors.. 90
Company L, Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 130, 147, 148
Company L, Seventy-first Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers, 164, 335, 340, 344
245, 252, 380, 381, 290, 303
led by Captain Austin,
among first troops to ar-
rive on San Juan Hill,
Cuba 233
390
General Index.
PAGE
Company L, Seventy-first Kegi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers:
ordered to march, to Santi-
ago and take transport
for Montauk, New York, 2S8
Company M, First Eegiment
Infantry, New York Volun-
teers 19
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 30
Company M, Second Eegiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 49
50, 53, 66, 68, 71, 76, 77
twenty-eight recruits for . . 60
paid and mustered out of
United States service 80
four deaths in 81
Company M, Third Eegiment
Infantry, New York Vol-
unteers 85, 114, 122
detailed to act as provost
guard 101
Company M, Sixty-ninth Eegi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 131, 134, 148
Company M, Seventy-first Eegi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 164, 167
182, 183, 236, 237, 240
244, 245, 253, 290, 295
led by Captain Goldsbor-
ough, among first troops
to arrive on San Juan
Hill, Cuba 234
losses most severe 236
detailed to unload wagons
and put goods aboard
transport La Grande
Duchesse 289
Concho, transport 273
Conger, Private Alfred B.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Congress, passed an act to in-
crease the army 83
resolution of, declared war
between United States
and Spain 153
Conklin, Eugene, representing
Seventy-first Veteran Associ-
ation 180
Conkling, Colonel, Civil War
veteran 297
Connellau, Sergeant John J... 143
Conroy, Alexander, deserted.. 252
Convent Station, New Jersey.. 256
Cook, George W., died of ma-
larial fever 249
Coppinger, Major-General John
J., U. S. A 54
56, 59, 66, 134, 136, 141
PAGE
Coppinger, Major-General John
J., U. S. A.,
ordered to proceed to
Porto Eico 67
retired 149
Corbin, Henry C, adjutant-
general, U. S. A 33
Corbin, Eutherford, on New
York Herald war staff 316
Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 167
Corps Hospital, Huntsville,
Alabama 148
Corr (Carr), Corporal Fran-
cis J 59
Correspondents, enterprise of,
in Spanish War 315-318
Cotton, Frederick E., enlisted, 114
Coulter, Ernest Kent, on New
York Herald war staff 316
Cowles, Private George H 21
died 30
Craigie, Charles E., died of
fever 353
Ci-ane, Stephen, of the Sun 317
Creelman, James, of the World,
wounded at El Caney, Cuba, 317
Crimmins, Private Martin L.,
First Volunteer Cavajry,
commissioned second
lieutenant. Sixty-ninth
Eegiment 141
appointed second -lieuten-
ant, regular army 147
Crippen, First Lieutenant
George W 49
Crockett, First Lieutenant Wil-
liam Francis, appointed first
lieutenant and battalion ad-
jutant 182, 183
Cronin, Second Lieutenant
Francis J 130
promoted first lieutenant.. 148
recovered from illness 150
Cronin, First Lieutenant James
M 130
captain and regimental
quartermaster, resigned, 15(1
Crosby, Captain Murray Was-
son, company H, military
record of 119
niustored out 119
Crosley (Crosby), Norman W.,
died of fever 258
Crouch, Corporal Herbert A.,
died 30
Crouch estate, Virginia 98
Crowley, First Sergeant Charles
,T., ])ro)noted second lieuten-
ant 148
Crowley, Private Timothy F.,
injured in railway wreck.... 145
General Index.
391
PAGE
Cuba 150, 153, 169, 175, 178
191, 196, 198, 206, 212, 214
216, 227, 229, 243, 246, 247
248, 249, 350, 251, 252, 253
254, 267, 268, 272, 285, 288
295, 296, 301, 305, 312, 314
Seventy-first Regiment In-
fantry, New York Volun-
teers, ordered to 18S
order of advance of Ameri-
can transports from
t'lorlda to 105
expedition to, temporarily
suspended 198
fleet again starts on its
mission to 200
Charles V. Barrett, evange-
list of Moody Institute,
in charge of Army Com-:
mission work in 281
Cuban Army, a wretched look-
ing body of men 225
to intercept reinforcements
of 5,000 coming to aid
Spaniards at Santiago,
Cuba 225
campaign, July 1st, 1898,
most eventful day of, 226
most trying period of, 270
Cuban expedition, first 54
fever, or yellow fever 276
insurgents 214
officers, proclaimed against
sending Cuban troops
ahead 229
settlement, Ybor City, .
Florida 183
184, 185, 188
Cubans, The 215
company of 233
stampede of, at foot of El
Poso Hill, Cuba 228
three, struck by Spanish
shrapnel 261
pauper stricken and starv-
ing, journeying toward
Santiago, Cuba 271
1,400 tons of food sent by
United States for 273
thousands of them starv-
ing, surged about the
wharf, waiting to be fed, 273
Cumming (Cummings), Second
Lieutenant Bernard F., Jr... 130
Cunningham, Private Peter J.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba., 245
Curry, Major M. B 69
Gushing, Charles P. P., killed
in action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 248
PAGE
Cutting, Sergeant Charles W.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
DAIQUIRI (Baiquiri), Cuba....
212, 269
artillery at 225
Daley, Surgeon Kobert M 143
Dalton Pord Road, Chicka-
mauga battlefield 51
Daly, Private Michael, buried
near the ford below San
Juan Hill, Cuba 240
killed in action at San Juan
Hill, Cuba 253
Daly (Daley), Private Thomas,
injured in wreck 145
Daly, Chaplain William J. B... 129
172, 173
Father, Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment, New York Volun-
teers 172, 173
Dangui fever, or yellow fever, 276
Daniels, Private Frank H.,
died 79
Danville, Virginia 72
Dart, Henry G., artist at the
front 316
Dattwyler, Private Oscar 211
court-martialed 211
Davidson, Regimental Adjutant
John A 129
resigned 147
Davis, Surgeon Charles E 19
20, 22
major and surgeon, re-
signed 27
Davis, Commander Charles H.,
Jr., report of the capture of
Guanica to Captain Higgin-
son 310
Davis, Brigadie r-G e n e r a 1
George W 89
Davis, Captain Loyal L., 48, 56, 60
Davis, Oscar King, of the Sun. . 318
Davis, Richard Harding, New
York Herald war staff 316
Decker, Second Lieutenant
Abraham Lincoln ... 20, 25
promoted to first lieuten-
ant 28
Decker, Private Joseph S.,
buried near the ford be-
low San Juan Hill, Cuba, 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 251
Delaney, Regimental Quarter-
master John A 129
Delaney Homestead, Virginia, 108
Denmark, South Carolina 72
Department of California 34
36, 37
392
Geneeal Index.
PAGE
Department of the East, 19, 20, 71
Department of the Missouri. . 44
Derby, Captain George McC,
XT. S. A., his balloon, which
unfortunately indicated to
' the enemy the exact location
of our troops 230
Deutschberger, Private Charles
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 231, 244
Devane, Second Lieutenant
John P., recommended to
be first lieutenant, com-
pany M , 131
first lieutenant, in hospital, 134
recoTered from illness, 138
Deveaux, Second Lieutenant
Francis Q., military rec-
ord of lis
mustered out 118
Devlin, Captain Daniel C 130
Dewey, Private Frank, died... 76
Dewey, Admiral George 316
Diamond Head, Hawaiian
Islands 22, 23
Difficult Run, Virginia 95
Dinan, John J., died of fever.. 250
District of Columbia, First
Eegiment 54, 56, 60
District of Hawaii 23
Division of the Atlantic 40, 41
Division Hospital 140
228, 235, 238, 239, 340, 246
Corps 60
Dixie, The 310
Dixon, Private Thomas J., Jr.,
wo\inded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Dodd, Eeuben N., accidentally
killed at New York city 247
Dodge, Cleveland H., president
Y. M. C. A., of New York
city 174, 180
and Eed Cross Society 292
Dodge, First Lieutenant Delos
M 49
Dole, Sanford B., president of
Hawaiian Islands 38
Donahue, Private Henry G.,
injured in wreck 145
Donnelly, Private John F., died, 151
Donnelly, Private Leo J.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Donovan, Lieutenant-Colonel
Joseph L., Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment, New York Volunteers, 129
Doran, Private Michael J., in-
jured in wreck 145
Downs, Lieutenant-Colonel
Wallace Abel 164, 171
mustered into United
States service 157
PAGE
Downs, Lieutenant-Colonel
Wallace Abel:
promoted colonel 182
colonel 152
153, 174, 176, 177, 178, 184
185, 186, 189, 196, 202, 303
205, 207, 209, 210, 212, 215
219, 220, 224, 233, 334, 237
267, 369, 283, 290, 300
selects Vigiiancia to
transport Seventy-
first Regiment to
Cuba 197
received orders from
General Kent and
obeyed them 231
led his regiment, under
heavy fire, along the
trail to the ford 232
halted at ford, await-
ing further orders . . 232
orders to prepare to
advance 258
halted on roadside 259
received a letter from
Colonel Markley, U.
S. A., praising the
bravery of the Sev-
enty-first Regiment, 266
ordered delicacies dis-
tributed among the
sick 275
secured tents for the
sick 276
down with fever 276
received $100 from Re-
lief Society of Sev-
enty-first Regiment, 278
received official notifi-
cation that Spain
had sued for peace.. 378
yellow fever interferes
with the fimeral of
Seventh (regular)
Regiment private . . . 381
senior colonel, in com-
mand of brigade 382
announced to the men
that they were to go
home 386
detailed chaplain to
secure food from
Red Cross Society. . . 392
brief address at arm-
ory 302
announced that regi-
ment was on leave
for sixty days 302
presided at dinner
given to officers of
the Seventy-first 303
address at dinner given
officers of regiment, 303
General Index.
393
PAGE
Downs, Wallace Abel:
colonel:
subscription of Chap-
lain Van Dewater to, 305
Downs, Mrs. Wallace Abel, sent
food to camp 291
Doyle, Brig-adier-General Peter
C, directed to organize one
reginient from his brigade.. 83
Drum Corps, Seventy-first
Eegiment, New York
Volunteers 190, 207
care of woixnded at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 235
Dry Tortugas, island south-
west of Plorida 200
Duffy, Colonel Edward, Sixty-
ninth liegiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers. . . 129
145, 151, 210
report of regiment for
first month 128-134
report of regiment for
second month 134^138
report of regiment for
third month 138-141
report of regiment for
fourth month 141-145
report of regiment for
fifth month 146-140
report of regiment for
sixth month 148-151
congratulated on appear-
ance of his regiment;... 147
excellent condition of Six-
ty-ninth Eegiment 310
Duffy, Captain John E 130
Duffy, John E., attorney 143
Duffy, Private Nicholas H.,
died 144
Dunn, Captain F. M., of dis-
patch boat Sommers N.
Smith 316
Dunn Loring, Virginia 87
88, 94, 95, 105
Third Regiment, New York
VoUmteers, ordered to.. 87
companies C and F de-
tailed for guard duty at, 93
Dunning, Private Thomas G.
(Thomas J.) 237
ffifed of fever 253
Dunspaugh, Captain Merrill
M 48, 56, 60
Dunwoody, Private Joseph,
wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 245
died from wounds received
in action at San Juan
Hill, Cuba 248
Dwyer, Corporal Edward J.,
died 144
PAGE
EARL, DAVID M., died of
fever 254
Early, Jubal A., Confederate
general , 98
Easterbrook, Chaplain Ed-
mund P 68
paid and mustered out of
United States service.... 80
commissioned chaplain
202nd Eegiment, New
York Volunteers 82
East river, New York 132, 298
Ebbeson (Ebberson), Ebbe,
died at sea and buried at
Montauk, New York 253, 303
Eddy, Second Lieutenant Wil-
bur M. 49, 78
commissioned lieutenant.
Twelfth Eegiment, New
York Volunteers 82
Edson, Major J. .7., Jr., United
States Volunteers 78
Edwards, Private Charles 237
Edwards, Battalion Adjutant
Prank B., discharged 27
Egan, Dr 274
Edgabroadt, Second Lieutenant
Frederick T 99
military record of 114
' mustered out 114
Eighteenth Separate Company,
National Guard, New
York, of Glens Falls,
New York 48
designated company K 46
Fighteenth Eegiment Infan-
try, U. S. A 220, 227
Eight Army Corps, First Bri-
gade, independent division. . 21
Eighth Separate Company, of
Eochester 84, 114
became company A, Third
Eegiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Eighth Eegiment Cavalry, U.
S. A 113
Eiseman, Private Leander G.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245, 250
El Caney, Cuba 220
233, 242, 256, 257, 317
an attack contemplated on, 225
Spaniards retreated io en-
trenchments before .... 225
battle fought at 226
strongly garrisoned and
occupied by Spanish
troops 227
394
General Index.
PAGE
El Caney, Cuba:
original plan of attack
upon, changed by turn of
events 232
Gapron's artillery opened
fire on 259
Lawton's division engaging
the enemy at 260
battle of 281
Elmira, New York 85
Thirtieth Separate Com-
pany of 84
breakfast served to Third
Begimeiit at 106
El Poso, Cuba 258
sketch of road leading to, 229
Seventy-first Regiment
marched toward 260
El Poso Hill 240, 260
light artillery battery sta-
tioned on 228
stampede of Cubans at
foot of 228
Eoosevelt Rough Riders,
losses in killed and
wounded 228
Emmet, Second Lieutenant
Grenville T 130
promoted regimental adju-
tant 147
Kmmet, Major Robert Temple, 19
20, 22, 24, 25
military record of 43-44
awarded medal of honor.. 44
resigned 41
Engelke, Private Brandt H.... 176
baptized 175
Engels, Private Frederick L.,
died on board La Grande
Duchesse 250
died at sea and buried at
Montauk Point 290
remains removed to New
York 290
]Sngineer Battalion, Colonel
Black landed a portion of... 308
Engineer Corps, U. S. A... 55, 230
unable to make or keep
roads in proper condi-
tion for traffic 271
Episcopalian chapel, at Lake-
land, Florida 170, 175
Erie Railroad 30, 84
Escort to the colors, ceremony
of 90
Ess, Private Anton 206
Euramadiis, principal street in
Santiago, Cuba, sketch of... 372
Eiister, Private Maurice,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 345
Everett City, Georgia 72
FAG«
Everett, Corporal Robert G.,
died of typhoid fever 253
FALES, CAPTAIN HENRY
M., Twenty-fifth Sepa-
rate Company 84
company G 86, 97
military record of 118
mustered out 118
Falls Church, Virginia 88
90, 93, 94
FanciuUi, Professor Francisco,
leader of Seventy-first Regi-
mental Band 298
Farley, Private Peter, killed in
railway wreck 143, 145
Farragut, David G., Admiral,
contempt for mines and tor-
pedoes 309
Feathei^stone, Private George
F., wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
li'erguson, Private G., recita-
tion 206
Ferguson, Captain Ursil A., 22, 26
Fernandina, Florida 64
65, 66, 67, 68, 69
70, 72, 75, 76, 77
138, 140, 142, 144
Sixty-ninth Regiment or-
dered to 139
Fiala, Anthony, of the Brook-
lyn Eagle 318
Field, Major Edward, U. S.
A 24, 36
report of, regarding First
Regiment 34-39
extract from report of.. 37-39
Field Hospital, Santiago, Cuba, 252
Field service, telegrams relat-
ing to 33-34
Field and staff. Third Regi-
ment, New York Volunteers,
mustered out of United
States service 107
Fifteenth Battalion, Third Bri-
gade, National Guard, New
York 45, 47, 49
Fifteenth Separate Company,
of Poughkeepsie .... 17, 44
became com.pany K, First
Regiment 18
Fifth Army Corps 212, 330, 355
First Division 177
remained on the hill, three
miles from Santiago .... 269
Fifth avenue. New York 155
Fifth Regiment Artillery, U.
S. A 75, 76, 107
Fifth Regiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 86
Genbeal Index.
395
78
74
PAGE
Fifth Regiment Infantry, U. S.
A 113, 218
Fifth Maryland 52, 54, 56
Fifth Ohio 66, 67, 135
Fifth Separate Company, of
Newburgh 17
became company L, First
Eegiment 18
Fifty-fonrth Regiment, Na-
tional Guard, New York,
company E 114
company H 122
Firmeza, Cuba 215
excluded station for yellow
fever patients 219, 243
yellow fever camp, some
sick of Seventy-first
Regipaent at 206
First Army Corps 52
First Battalion, Second Regi-
ment, New York Volun-
teers 61, 62, 64, 72,
quartered in Germania
Hall, Troy, New York..
fifteen deaths 81
First Battalion, Third Regi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 88, 91
ordered out as provost
guard 97
arrived at Camp Meade 106
First Battalion, Sixty-ninth
Regfiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 129
First Battalion, Seventy-first
Regiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 221
235, 236
under Major Whittle, de-
tailed to build bridges
and improve roads 241
halted on roadside 259
fears of an ambush 263
First Brigade, excepting
Twenty-second Kansas
Regiment, ordered to
Allen farm, on Difiicult
Run 92
march of, unjustly criti-
cised 92
reviewed by Brigadier-
General Mark W. Sheaf e, 93
First Corps Cadets, Boston,
Massachusetts 109
First Division, Second Army
Corps 94
hospital ambulance from,
overturned in a stream.. 105
First Division, Fourth" Army
Corps 150
First Division, Fifth Army
Corps 177
PAGE
First Separate Company, of
Rochester 84, 90
111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 124
became company H, Third
Regiment 86
mustered out of United
States service 107
First Artillery, D. S. A 39
40, 42, 259
First Cavalry, U. S. A 67, 151
First Ohio Cavalry 167
First Regiment Cavalry, United
States Volunteers, Rough
Riders 141, 217, 218, 228
encountered Spanish troops
in the jungle 216
commonly known as Roose-
velt Rough Riders.. 216, 218
First Engineers, United States
Volunteers 52, 55, 56, 62
First Infantry, District of
Columbia 54, 56, 60
Florida 67, 135
irirst Regiment Infantry, New
York National Guard. (See
Index, First Regiment, page
320.)
First Regiment Infantry, New
York VoUinteers. (See In-
dex, First Regiment, page
319.)
First Regiment Infantry, Ohio, 67
Fish, Sergeant Hamilton, Jr.,
instantly killed in battle at
Las Guasimas, Cuba 218
Fisher, First Lieutenant Har-
ris Baldwin '. 183
aijpointed battalion adju-
tant 182
ordered to rear to draw
ammunition under a
galling fire , 239
Fisher, Irving P., of New
York 180
Fitzgerald, Judge James,
makes presentation address
to Sixty-ninth Regiment 132
Fitzg-erald, Thomas H., died of
disease 248
Fitzgibbon, John J., died on
board Missouri, and buried
at sea 253
Flint, Private Frank L., wound-
ed in action at San Juan
Hill, Ctiba 245
Flint, Grover, of the Sim . 318
I?lorence, Italy 184
Florida 75, 166, 167
177, 185, 187, 259, 267, 314
First Regiment 67'
Infantry 135
396
General Index.
PAGE
Florida :
order of advance of Ameri-
can transports to Cuba
from 195
Central and Peninsular
Eailroad 53, 64, 65
Flower Hospital, Fernandina,
Florida 69, 77
Flower, Governor Eoswell P. . . 43
gift of, to Second Eegi-
ment 69
Flushing- ferry-boat, con-
veyed Seventy-first Regiment
to foot of Whitehall street,
New York ,. 397
Flynn, Private John, Jr 55
Flynn, Private Maurice J.,
died 140
Foley, Private Louis B.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Fonseca, Francisco E 270
Forse, Major Albert G., First
United States Cavalry, killed
at Fort San Juan, Cuba 151
Forsyth, Stanley H., died of
fever 249
Fort Adams, Ehode Island.... 40
Fort Brooke, Florida 54
Fort Columbus, New York
harbor 19, 20, 41
Fort Hamilton, Long Island
side of the Narrows 19
-20, 31, 39
Fort Logan, Colorado 30
Fort McPherson, Georgia, 63
hospital, Atlanta 68
70, 71, 75, 80
Fort Myer, Virginia 259
hospital at 105
Fort Niobrara, Nebraska ,44
Fort Pond Bay, within the
hook at Montauk Potijt,
Seventy-first Eegiment
arrived at 390
Seventy-first removed from
detention camp to per-
manent camp at 294
Fort San Juan, Cuba 151, 267
Fort Tampa, Florida 62, 153
Fort Union, New Mexico 44
Fort Wadsworth, Staten Island
side of the Narrows.. 19, 20, 31
Fort Whipple, Virginia 40
Forty-first Eegiment Infantry,
U. S. A 257
Forty-seventh Eegiment Infan-
try, National Guard, New
York 156
Forty-eighth Eegiment, Na-
tional Guard, New York 116
PAGE
Forty-ninth Eegiment, Na-
tional Guard, New York 108
Forty-first Separate Company,
of Syracuse 93, 111, 116
became company C, Third ,
New York Volunteers. . . 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Forty-second Separate Com-
pany, of Niagara Falls.. 83
84, 87, 108, 117, 118
became company E, Third
New York Volunteers... 86
mustered out of United
States service 107
Forty-third Separate Com-
pany, of Olean , 84
93, 113, 120
became company I, Third
New York Volunteers... 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Forty-fourth Separate Com-
pany, of Utica 17
became company E, First
Eegiment 18
Forty-sixth Separate Com-
pany, National Guard,
New York, of Amster-
dam, New York 49
designated company H..... 46
Forty-seventh, Separate Com-
pany, of Hornellsville. . . 84
,93, 113, 120, 131
became company K, Third
New York Volunteers. . . 85
mustered out- of United.
States service 107
Forty-eighth Separate Com-
pany, of Oswego 85
93, 108, 116, 117
became company D, Third
New York Volunteers-. . . 85
mustered out of United
States ^ervice — 107
Fourteenth Battalion, National
Guard, New York.... 47, 48
Third Brigade 45
Fourteenth Eegiment Infantry,
National Guard, New
York 156
New York Volunteers 53
Fourteenth Separate Com-
pany, Twelfth Battalion,
of Kingston 17
became company M, First
Eegiment 18
Fourth Army Corps 54
62, 66, 67, 136, 141, 147
First Division , 150
Second Division 66, 134
Third Division 66, 71, 146
General Index.
397
PAGE
Fourth Eeg-iment Cavalry,
U. S. A 257
troop B 318
Fourtli Infantry, U. S. A., 230, 387
Fourth Eegiment, New Jersey
National Guard, company H, 117
Fowler, Major E. S 80
Fowler, Second Lieutenant
Joseph M 37
promoted 28
Fox, John, Jr 318
Franchot, Captain Bichard H.,
Forty-third Separate
Company 84
military record of 120
mustered out 130
Francis, Major Augustus T. . . 166
assigned to special care of
armory , ,. , , :165
commissioned colonel 17lBt
Kegiment, National
Guard, New York 165
recruited new regiment. . . 165
at Long Island City 397
Franklin Junction, Virginia, 73, 74
Frank, General Royal T., TJ.
S. A 31, 33
Fraser (Frazer), Principal Mu-
sician John £ ' 133
military record of 113
mustered out .'. 113
Frear, Private Charles W.,
commissioned second
lieutenant 66
resigned ; — 66
Free Masons, Lakeland Lodge
of, reception and ban-
quet to Masonic breth-
ren of Seventy-first...... 180
New York, Grand Lodge of, 181
Freidmann (Freidman), Pri-
vate Paul W., died on board ■'
Missouri, at sea 349
Fi-ench, Private John W 313
detailed as amanuensis 153
ill with yellow fever 153
French, Private Windsor P.,
commissioned second lieu-
tenant 60
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
presented colors to Sixty-
ninth Regiment 133
Fuchsius, Surgeon John H. . . . 143
Furor, Spanish destroyer 313
completely wrecked by
U. S. S.' Gloucester 313
I
GASPER, SECOND LIEUTEN-
ANT QEOROE E., mili-
tary record of 115
mustered out 115
PAGE
Gage, Lyman J., Secretary of
Treasury 121
Gainesville, Virginia 102
Galbraith, First Lieutenant
William J 48
Gale, Captain Edward Court-
land 48, 66
Gallagher, Private Charles A.,
died 148
Gannon, Private Robert H.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
G. A. E. veterans 73
Garcia, General Y. Iniquez Cal-
ixto 214
with his staff, passed by
the camp of the Seventy-
fii-st Regiment 225
Garden City, Long Island, New
York 155
Garfield Hospital, Washington,
D. C 105
Garfield, Lyman B., of New
York . . 180
Gatchell, Lieutenant George
W., Fifth Artillery, U. S. A., 76
107
General Field Hospital 57, 58
Geueral Hospital for Insane at
Washington, D. C 76
Camp Wikoff, Montauk
Point, Long Island. 246
292, 293
Siboney, Cuba 240
tents 284
General Meigs, government
boat 19
Geneva, New York 85
Thirty-fourth Separate
Company of 84
Geoghegan, John H., died of
fever . . 254
Georgia, campaign thr ough . . . 256
Georgia, Second Regiment In-
fantry 135, 136, 140
Germania Hall, Troy ; ; 74
Germany . . . ; 40
Gilgar, Second Lieutenant Ed-
ward B 130, 133
recommended to be bat-
talion adjutant 131
Gill, Private Thomas D., died. . 127
Gillespie, General George L., 71, 74
Gilmore, General John C, U.
S. A 307, 309
Glasby, Private Albert, died. . . 30
Glen Cove, New York 254
Glennon, Sergeant Prank, in-
jured in railway wreck. . 143
died from injuries 145
Glens Falls, New York 73
398
General Index.
PAGE
Glens Falls, New York:
Second Regiment, New
York Volunteers, Four-
teenth Battalion, com-
pany K, Eighteenth
Separate Company of 48
State armory, at 81
Gloucester, man-of-war, and
the Puerto Kican cam-
paign 306-311
log of 306, 307, 309, 310, 313
entered Gnanica .harbor in
advance of the ileet 306
captvired large sugar light-
ers 307
opened iire and enemy re-
treated SOS
crew of, hoisted first
American ilag on Puerto
Rico 309
captured first Spanish flag
in Puerto Rico 309
in command of Captain
Wainwright, collected all
lighters in Guaniea har-
bor 310
captiired Guaniea single-
handed 310
followed about 1,500 yards
astern of " Oquendo," at
Santiago 311
harbor entrance 313
brief training of her crew, 313
attacked and destroyed
Pluton and Furor 313
her escape due to accuracy
and rapidity of fire 313
rescued crews of Pluton
and Furor 313
Bninjured in the battle.... 313
waited for two destroyers
of Spanish fleet „. 311
Gloucester, city of, Ainerican
flag hoisted at Guaniea,
presented to 309
hangs over mayor's chair
in city hall of 309
Glynn, Bernard J., recommend-
ed to,be second lieutenant. . . 133
Goff, Sergeant Eugene W., died
of fever 251
Golden Rod, dispatch boat,
brought story of destruc-
tion of Cervera's squadron.. 316
Goldsborough, Captain Wash-
ington Laird, among first to
aiTive on San Juan Hill,
Cuba 334, 236
Gombert, Charles, died of
fever 353
Goo, Private James W., in-
jured 58
PAGE
Goodale, Second Lieutenant
James R 26
promoted 28
Goodier, Captain Lewis E 28
promoted major, 203rd
New York Volunteers ... 37
Goodman, Private Charles W.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Goodrich, Captain Caspar F.,
U. S. N 218
Goodrich, Sergeant William,
died 29
Gordon, Corporal William P.,
injured in railway wreck 145
Gould, Emmet M., military rec-
ord of 113
mustered out 113
Gould, Henry W., injured '58
Governor-General's palace at
Havana 314
Governors Island, New York
harbor 31, 32, 41
Gracie, Captain William B 35
Graham, George Edvrard, de-
scribed loss of Spanish fleet,
from deck of the Brooklyn. . 318
Graham, Major-General Wil-
liam M., U. S. A 89, 93, 105
Grahn, Private Gus, died of
mountain fever , 253, 280
buried west of entrench-
ments near Santiago 280
Grand Lodge of Free Masons
of New York 181
Grant, Colonel Frederick Dent,
Fourteenth New York 53
Gray, First Lieutenant Emmet
J 49
Great Bahama Channel... 200, 204
Great Inagua Island, Bahama. 204
Green, Private Grlswold, ap-
pointed second lieutenant,
301st Regiment, New York
Volunteers 60
Greene, Colonel Francis Vin-
ton 155, 155
158, 160, 161, 162, 164
166, 167, 172, 173, 175
176, 181, 182, 209, 295
called meeting of Seventy-
first Regiment 154
mustered into United
States service 157
nominated brigadier-gen-
eral 171
brigadier-general 181
Greene, First Lieutenant
George de B 49
appointed acting assistant
adjutant-general 52
General Index.
399
PAGE
Greene, Mrst liieutenant
George de B.:
mustered in as battalion
adjutant 59
mustered out United States
service 81
Greene, General George S., old-
est living graduate of West
Point 175
Gyenough, Captain Ernest A. . 49
commissioned first lieuten-
ant, Twelfth NevF York, 82
Grenville, Second Lieutenant
George A., military rec-
ord of 120
mustered out 120
Gresham, First Lieutenant
Christoplier 25
Griffin, Captain Thomas J 130
Griffith, Assista,nt Surgeon
Levyis Theophilus 19
20, 21, 23, 24, 25
Grimes, Captain George S.,
TJ. S. A 260
Grimes' battery 260, 262
Grimes Hill 261
Grobecker (Groebecker), Pri-
vate Andrew F., injured 58
Gross, Colonel George P., Third
Missouri Infantry Volun-
teers, in Confederate ser-
vice during Civil War 89
Grosvenor, Second Lieutenant
George H., military rec-
ord of 121
mustered out 121
Guanica, determined to change
the landing of Puerto
Sican expedition to 306
Captain Wainwright's of-
ficial report on the cap-
ture of 307, 308
Lieutenant Huse's report
to Captain Wainwright
on capture of 308, 309
vigorous v7ork of landing
party under Lieutenant
Huse 309
captured by the Gloucester
single handed 310
P^arbor, the " Massachu-
setts " drevy too much
water to enter 306
Guantanamo, Cuba, Port of.. 206
United States marines' sucr
cessful fight with Span-
iards at 216
Guilfords Mills, Virginia 100
creek at 100
Guilfoyle, Captain John F., U.
S. A 292
PAGE
Guilfoyle, Lieutenant William
F 129
Guiteras, Dr. John, expert on
yellow fever 243
Gulf of Mexico 200
Guthrie, Musician John (Jacob,
injured in wreck 145
I
HACKENSACK, NEW JER-
SEY 249
Hager, Arnold F 113, 123
military reford of 112
mustered out 112
Hall, Captain Albert Mortimer
85, 116
as major 87, 93, 94
95, 105, 123
military record of 108
mustered out.% 108
Hall, Private Earl B., wounded
in action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 244
Hall, Private Edward D.,
w^ounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Hall, Chaplain Hector 47
resigned 55
honorably discharged from
United States service. . . 56
Hall, General Robert H., U. S.
A 68
Haller, Private John H., died
of fever 252
Halstead, Murat, of the Sun. . 318
Hamilton, Corporal William A.,
injured .■ 58
Hancock, Major-General Win-
field Scott 40, 41
Happoldt Estate, Virginia 98
Haran, First Lieutenant Pat-
rick M 129
Hardin, Edward E 47, 50
53, 72, 75, 76, 79, «11
Captain Seventh United
States Infantry, ap-
pointed colonel of Sec-
ond New York Volun-'
teers .45
assumed command of..... '45-''
oath administered to '46
bids regiment good-bye. j.'^' 77
short address to other offl-'i'"^''
cers 78
relinquished commission.'. • 82' *-'
Hare, Private George L., Jr.,
appointed second lieutenant
Two Hundred and Second
Beglment, New York Volun-
teers 50
Harlem, New York, St. An-
drew's Church. .... . 155, 176, 110
Harper, Private John, injured, 58
400
GenbeAl Index.
PAGE
Harpers Weekly 317
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 137
Harsh, Messrs. Bowman and,
Birmingham, Alabama 143
Hart, Patrick J., regiment
army chaplain 393
Hart, Captain Stephen F., de-
tailed by Governor as adju-
tant 87
" Harvard," formerly " New
York," of the American Line, 218
Hatteras, North Carolina, ma-
chinery broke down and ves-
sel lay to for fourteen
hours 290
Havana, Cuba, Commodore
Schley's effective block-
ade of 191
Governor-General's palace
at 314
New York Herald sent first
boat into 317
Hawaii, District of 23
Hawaiian Islands 32
annexation ceremonies to
transfer to United States 33
Hawk, William S.. 303
Hawkins, General Hamilton
Smith, U. S. A.. 220, 323, 337
military record of 316
retired 216
ordered one battalion to
top of San Juan Hill... 236
coinplimented the Seventy-
first Begiment for its
good work 266
Hayes, Major Edward M., First
Ohio Cavalry 167
Hayes, ex-President Ruther-
ford B 167
Haynor, Corporal Horatio H.,
died 78
^Healy, Captain Charles... 130, 140
~'Heath, Lewis C, died of per-
nicious malarial fever 250
Hebrank, Private Ferdinand,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Heindsmann, Captain Ferdin-
and 217
" Helena," boat 204
Hempstead, New York 174
211, 29S
Hempstead Plains, Long Isl-
and, New York 18, 31
New York 45, 52
Long Island, New York... 84
128, 154, 155, 160, 162
Henderson, Daniel E., enlisted, 114
Henderson, Captain Henry B.,
Eighth Separate Com-
pany 84, 85
PAGE
Henderson, Captain Henry B.:
military record of 114
mustered out 114
Henry, General Guy V., U. S.
A 135, 136
Henry, First Lieutenant John
J 129
"Herald," The, newspaper
169, 210, 226
Hess, Private Louis E.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 246
Higginson, Captain Francis J.,
enters Guanica harbor.. 306
report to Admiral Samp-
son 306, 307
extract from report 310
report of Commander
Davis of capture of
Guanica, to 310
Hillsborough bay, Florida 54
Hills, Captain Elbridge E., U.
S. A 75, 79, 106
" Hilo," island of Hawaii. . 23, 30
Hinman, Second Lieutenant
Charles N 26
Hislop, Private Thomas W.,
mustered in as battalion
adjutant 59
appointed regimental com-
missary 66
mustered out of United
States service 82
Historical structures, preser-
vation of 4, 5
Hitchcock, Captain Charles
Henry 26
Hoboken, New Jersey 2ii
Hobson, Lieutenant Richmond
Pearson, sinks the Mer-
rimac i9i
crew exchanged 342
Hodgman, Lieutenant Alfred
Frederick, mustered into
United States service as
surgeon 8S
captain and assistant sur-
geon, military record of,
110, 133
mustered out lie
Hoffman, Brigadier-General
Edward M 89, 93, 97
100, 101, 104
106, 133, 135, 136
appointed colonel Third
Regiment, New York In-
fantry 84
colors presented to his
regiment 99
presented with loving cup, 108
military record of 107
General Index.
401
PAGE
Hoffman, Brigadier-General
Edward M.:
adjutant-general, New York
State 107
died 107
Hogan, Daniel J 48
appointed second lieuten-
ant 48, 59
Hogan, John P., died of mala-
rial fever 249
Hogan, Hospital Steward
Joseph Frederick 31
Holden, Private James A., died, 77
Holland 40
Holland, Private Charles D.,
buried near the ford be-
low San Juan Hill, Cuba, 340
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 354
Holland, First Lieutenant John
B., military record of.. 122, 133
Holzkamp, Private Henry J.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 345
Homer, Colonel, Civil War
veteran 297
Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.. 31
23, 33, 39, 30, 33, 33, 34, 37
Board of Health of 38
Civil Sanitary Commission,
report of 38. 39
post of 34, 36
Hoosick Falls, New York, com-
pany M, Second Eegi-
ment. Thirty-second Sep-
arate Company of 49
State armory at 80
Homellsville, Neiw York 85
Forty-seventh Separate
Company of 84
Hospital Corps 21
United States Army 70
158, 167 237
Hospital Department 178, 179
Hospital ship 198
Hospital tent, brief service
held in 158
Howard, Joseph, died of ty-
phoid ^malaria 250
Howe, Sergeant Kussel G 319
Howitt, John, died of disease, 348
Howland, Assistant Surgeon
Eeeve B 133
mustered into United
States service 86
military record of 110
mustered out 110
Hubschmidt, Private Philip,
died of gastric fever 170, 251
Hubschmidt, Private William ,
P., injured 192
26
PAGE
Hudgins, Houlder, on New
York Herald war staff 316
Hudson, Columbia county. New
York, three generations of
Stoddards made their home
in 314
Hudson, Brigadier-General
Joseph K., United States
Volunteers 62
Hughes, First Lieutenant
George 49
Huhne, First Lieutenant John
A 27
second lieutenant, pro-
moted 38
Hull, military bill 154
Humbert, Private William,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 346
HuntsviUe, Alabama 69, 70
141, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151
Sixty-ninth Regiment or-
dered to 142
sketch of camps at 144
Hurley, Private George M.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 246
Huse, Lieutenant Harry P 306
and Lieutenant Wood low-
ered Spanish flag and
hoisted ours 307
hailed the " Massachu-
setts " to fire over him, 307
signaled that 250 men were
needed to hold Guanica, 307
report to Captain Wain-
wrig-ht of the capture of
Guanica 307, 309
surprise of Guanica a com-
plete success 309
in command of armed
boat 310
and Captain Wainwright
during the blockade 312
attacked and completely
destroyed " Pluton " and
"Furor" 313
Hutchinson, Sergeant James
M., appointed second lieuten-
. ant 183
Hutton, Lieutenant Donald J. .
49, 59, 62
IDAHO 41
Independent Division, First
Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, 21
Immen, Corporal George L.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 231
buried in trench at Divi-
sion Hospital 249
402
General Index.
PAGE
Innnen, Corporal George L.:
died of wounds received in
action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 348
Inauga Island, Great Bahama, 204
Indian scouts 44
Indiana 357
"Indiana," battleship 194
Indiana, Ninth Eegiment In-
fantry, company E 257
Indiana, One Hundred and
Fiftieth Eegiment Infantry. . 89
93, 95, 105
Indiana, Volunteers, Thirtieth
Begiment Infantry, company
A 257
Inspector-General's Depart-
ment 110
Iowa 141
National Guard 137
Ireland 40, 133
" Irwin Tract," Hawaiian Isl-
ands 23
Italy 40
JACKSONVILLE, Florida, Six-
ty-ninth New York, ordered
to 136
Jamaica 207, 208, 316
Jeannisson, Private Alexander, 300
Jeffrey, Private John W.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
wounded . . 248
Jennings, First Lieutenant Ed-
gar S., military record
, of 122
mustered out 133
Jersey City, New Jersey 20
50, 88, 133, 164, 198
Jessup, Private Frederick W.,
died 79
Johnston (Johnson), Private
Henry C, superintended en-
tertainment 206
Jones, Private Alson L., trans-
ferred to Division Hospital
Corps 60
Jones, Private John S., in-
jured 58
Jordan, Private Elmer J., died, 70
Jorgensen, Christopher, acci-
dentally killed 253
"Journal," The, newspaper... 207
Joyce, Captain Walter Irving,
company H 155
sent to New York for re-
covery 243
FAOE
KANSAS, Twenty-second Regi-
ment Infantry 89, 92, 105
Kansas City, Missouri, loving
cup presented to Third Mis-
souri Eegiment, now in pub-
lic library at lOS
Kapiolani Park, Hawaiian Isl-
ands 21, 22, 37
Kane, Maurice B., killed by
cars 354
Keaney, First Lieutenant Fran-
cis J 130
Keck, Captain Frank, pro-
moted major 182
with Third Battalion,
among first to arrive on
San Juan Hill, Cuba
234, 235
Keek's battalion on its way up
the hill before one of regu-
lars had passed on the road, 264
Keller, Private James E.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 246
Kenealy, Alexander C, of the
" Sun " 318
Kennan, Colonel Cortland L.,
Fifth Ohio 135
Kennan, George 374
Kennedy, Private John, died. . 148
Kennedy, Lieutenant John J. . 131
recommended to be cap-
tain 131
absent on sick leave 140
recovered from illness 150
Kennedy, Private William S.,
died 75
Kent, General Jacob Ford, U.
S. A., military record of, 330
232, 233, 266
retired 230
orders to Colonel Downs.. 331
ordered to take his divi-
sion into action 362
extract from his report of
the San Juan engage-
ment 363
his course toward the
Seventy-first Eegiment. . 365
his headquarters efetab-
lished in vicinity of San
Juan, Cuba 367
Keogh, First Sergeant Thomas
F., promoted to lieutenant.. 148
Key West, Florida 174
194, 200, 315
" Kilanea," Hawaiian Islands,
volcano of 23
Kilclive, Private Thomas, in-
jured in vrreck 145
Killian, Private John 76
discharged from regiment, 76
General Index.
403
PAGE
Kingr, Albert J., enlisted 114
King, Brigadier-General Chas.,
,U. S. A 23, 86
Kingston, Fourteenth Separate
Company of 17
Kinne, Private George W., com-
pany D, transferred to First
Begiment, United States
Volunteer Engineers 56
Kirby, Private Sinclair H.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Kirby, Brigadier-General Wil-
liam Maurice, inspector
rifle practice, State of
New York, appointed
lieutenant-colonel Third
Regiment, National
Guard 83
brigadier-general 84
lieutenant-colonel, mus-
tered in United States
service 87
detailed as provost-mar-
shal-general. Second
Army Corps 93
presented with loving cup, 106
lieutenant-colonel, military
record of 107, 108
mustered out 108, 123
Kittayama, Frank, Japanese
cook 68
Kline, Brigadier-General Ja-
cob, U. S. A 66
ill , 68
Kline, John C, Herald news-
paper correspondent 226
Knox, Thomas T., assistant
inspector-general. United
States Army 34, 36
Kopper, Private Edward, sick
with measles 192
Kopper, Lieutenant Frederick,
formerly colonel 71st
Regiment 295
in command of 200 recruits
at Camp Black 295
Kronpa, Edward C, died of
pernicious malarial fever... 250
Kuehnle, Private Frederick C,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 345
LACEY, CHIEF YEOMAN,
his gallant conduct com-
mended 309
La Garde, Major and Surgeon
Louis A., in charge of Sib-
oney, Cuba 268
" La Grande Duchesse," trans-
port 212, 250, 253
PAGE
" La Grande Duchesse," trans-
port:
all needed rations trans-
ported to at Santiago... 289
passed out of the harbor
with Spanish pilot 289
Lakeland, Florida 173, 175, 177
179, 180, 183, 187
190, 192, 206, 251, 256
Seventy-first, New York,
arrived at 166
sketch of camp at.... 167, 168
Episcopalian chapel at
170, 175
Lodge of Free Masons give
reception and banquet to
Masonic brethren of
regiment . . •. 180
Seventy-first, New York,
leaves 184
Lalor (Lawlor), Sergeant Pat-
rick W., injured in wreck. . . 145
Lane, Private Leland T.,
commissioned second
" lieutenant Two Hundred
and Second Regiment... 62
resigned 62
transferred to First Regi-
ment, United States Vol-
unteer Engineers 63
Lane, Private Thomas, injured
in wreck 145
Langfitt, Major William C,
United States Army 23
La Rose, Captain Anthime
Watson 105, 123
military record of 110
mustered out 110
Las Aniinaas canon, New Mex-
ico 44
Las Guasimas, Cuba 218, 224
227, 228, 258
battle of 217, 218, 259
United States Army en-
gages in first ^battle on
Cuban soil 216
evidence of bloody engage-
ment at 223
Lawrence, Private William C. 191
Lawton, Major-General Henry
Ware, U. S. A., military
record of, foot-note 257
received congressional
medal of honor for gal-
lantry in front of At-
lanta, Georgia 257
killed in action at battle
of San Matio, Philippine
Islands 237
his division at El Caney,
Cuba 268
404
General Ixdex.
PAGE
Leary, First Lieutenant Tim-
othy Hill 130
LefBngwell, Musician Henry E., 70
Legfnard, Private Frank S.,
died 66
Lennon, Private Thomas ¥.,
died 29
Lentz, Second Lieutenant
Charles B., military rec-
ord of 119
mustered out 119
Lester, Major James W 50
53, 61, 68, 78
mustered in 46
commanding Fourteenth
Battalion, National
Guard, New York 47
paid and mustered out of
United States service 80
Levy, Dr. Joseph M 237
Lewis, Private Charles, in-
jured in wreck 145
Lewis, Hospital Steward
George J 123
military record of 112
mustered out 112
Lexington, Kentucky 132
Lincoln, General James Bush, 68
brigadier-general.. 137, 141, 142
congratulates Colonel Ed-
ward DufEy on appear-
ance of the Sixty-ninth
Regiment 147, 149
Linson, Captain William Henry 336
Little, Second Lieutenant
James H 130
Lloyd, James H 50, 61, 72
appointed lieutenant-
colonel, Second New
York Volunteers 45, 47
mustered in 46
mustered out of United
States service 83
Lockhart, Private William J.,
transferred to United States
Volunteer Signal Corps 76
"Log of Gloucester, The"....
306, 307, 309, 310, 312
London, St. Paul's Church 176
Long Bridge, Virg^inia 88
Long Island, New York 128
railway 87, 163
Long Island City, Long Island,
New York 19, 50, 88
155, 163, 164, 190, 298
special train conveyed
Seventy-first Regiment
to 397
Longson, Lieutenant William,
died of typhoid fever 251
toast drunk in silence to
memory of 303
PAGE
Louisville and Nashville Rail-
road 143, 145
Ludlow, Brigadier-General Wil-
liam, U. S. A., military
record of 256
died at Convent station,
New Jersey 256
his brigade of regulars... 257
praised the Seventy-first
Regiment 385
Lucas, Private William H 237
Lynch, Captain Michael 129
absent on sick leave 140
rejoined regiment 144
Lynch, Major Thomas F? 129
in hospital 134
recovered from illness .... 138
Lynchburg, Virginia 73
Lytle station, Georgia 51
57, 133
MacARTHUR, COLONEL AR-
THUR 137, 393
Mackenzie, Private William H.,
wounded In action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 346
MacMillan (Mc William), Nor-
man J. G., died of yellow
fever at Siboney, Cuba 254
Magill, Private James S., dis-
charged . . 78
MagTiire, Lieutenant Peter W.. 130
recommended to be cap-
tain 133
Mail and Express, The, news-
paper . . 169, 226, 314
letter written to, in favor
of Seventy-first Regi-
ment, by Henry L. Stod- '
dard 265
Maine, the '. 316
Maley, Private John W., trans-
ferred to Division Hospital
Corps 60
Manassas, Virginia 94, 97, 99
Manassas battlefield, Virginia, 99
Manassas Junction, Virginia . . 95
Third Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers,
ordered to 94
Manassas monument, Virginia, 99
Manila, Philippine Islands 21
Manila bay, battle of 316
Manning, Sergeant John J.,
injured in railway wreck. . . 145
Mans on. Captain William
Dixon 35
lieutenant, promoted 38
Mapes, Lieutenant William H.. 36
Mara, Sergeant John J.,
wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, CuKa 244
General Index.
405
PAGE
Mara, Sergeant John J.:
died of fever and dysen-
tery 253
Markley, Major Alfred C, U. S.
A., letter to Colonel Downs
praising Seventy-first Eegi-
ment for its bravery 267
Marlow, Private James L.,
wounded in action at ■ San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Mariposa, steamer 22
Marks, Charles W 114
Marsh (March), Surgeon and
Major E. T. T 165, 182
Marshall, Edward, of the
Journal, wounded at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 318
Marshall estate, Virginia 96
Martens, Private Kichard 191
died of malarial fever 251
Martin, Colonel Henry P.,
colonel of Seventy-first Regi-
ment in 1861 180, 30.0, 301
Martin, Captain James Curtis, 36
Martin, Sergeant-Major Wil-
liam Swift 47
mustered in as battalion
adjutant 59
mustered out of United
States service 83
Maryes Heights, Virginia, bat-
tle of 220
Mason, First Lieutenant Sam-
uel J., military record
of 117
mustered out 117
" Massachusetts," Captain Hig-
ginson's battleship 306, 307
Massachusetts coast 198
Spanish ships sighted off. . 164
Massachusetts, Second Eegi-
ment Infantry 163
167, 170, 192
ofEcers buy horses 177
part of Ludlow's command
at El Caney, Cuba 256
utilized as a support at El
Caney engagement 257
not in San Juan engage-
ment until second day. . 257
suffered from Spanish fire,
but not in fighting at El
Caney 257
Massarene, Sergeant-Major
William G., recommend-
ed for promotion 133
resigned 150
Masten, Lieutenant Daniel W.. 49
Matanzas, bombardment of
fortifications at 316
Mather, Lieutenant Adrian W. . 25
Maus, Surgeon-Major Louis M.. 156
PAGE
Mayer, Lieutenant George M.,
military record of ^ 120
mustered out 120
Mayrand (Maynard), George
W., enlisted 114
Maxcy, Second Lieutenant
Carroll Lewis 48, 49
lieutenant, resigned 55
honorably discharged from
United States service... 55
McAlpin, General Edwin A.,
visited camp of Seventy-
first Kegiment 282, 295, 297
McArthur, Private William H.,
died 70
McBean, Captain Hector Wil-
liam 86
mustered into United
States servife as cap-
tain 87
sent to Niagara Palls to
receive recruits 91
military record' of 117
mustered out 117
McBride, Private Andrew, in-
jured 58
McBride (MacBride), Private
John, enlisted 114
McCarthy, Captain Daniel. . . . 130
McCarty, Private Webster,
died 29
McChesney, Quartermaster-
Sergeant Calvin S., mus-
tered in as lieutenant 59
McClelland, Private Donald C,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
McClurg, William, died of
pleuro-pneumonia 253
McCready, E. W., on New York
Herald war staff 316
McCrystal, Captain Edward T.. 129
recommended to be major, 133
McCrystal, Lieutenant William
J. P 130
, promoted 147
McDermott, Sergeant James J.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
McDonald, Lieutenant John,
military record of 117
mustered out 117
McElroy, George W., chief en-
gineer on " Gloucester " 312
McGaflin, Lieutenant John J.. 48
mustered in as captain. 59
McGeechan, Private John,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
McGurrin, Colonel William T.,
Thirty-second Michigan 135
Mclntyre, Captain Amos E.... 26-
406
General Index.
PAGE
Mclntyre, Private Samuel,
wo'imded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 346
McKay, First Lieutenant Wil-
liam L., military record
of 115
mustered out 115
McKeever, Edward Percy, died
of fever 353
McKenna, Second Lieutenant
Patrick J 139
McKinley, President William.. 135
136, 158, 171, 210
made requisition on Gov-
ernor of New York State, 83
authorized to call for
135,000 men 83
called for 135,000 volun-
teers 153
his anxiety to protect the
troops 198
McMahon, Private Thomas, in-
jured in wreck 145
McMillan, Lieutenant Howard
Udell 25
McNair, Corporal Frederick
Park, commissioned lieu-
tenant Two Hundred and
Second Kegiment, New
York Volunteers 80
died 80
McNamara, Private Thomas
W., died 76
McNeil (McN eill) , Sergeant
Thomas J., mustered in as
lieutenant 62
Mead, Captain Harry, assistant
surgeon Sixty-fifth Regi-
ment •. . 80
Meade, Private James, in-
jured in wreck 145
Medina, New York 86
Twenty-ninth Separate
Company of 84
Meeks, Sergeant Elmer C,
died of typhoid malarial '
fever 251
Meeks, Captain William Fur-
man 237
among first to arrive on
San Juan Hill, Cuba 234
Mercer, Private John E.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 346
Merchants' Central Club 282
Meriwether, Walter S., on
New York Herald war stafE, 316
Merriam, Major-General Henry
C, U. S. A 23
Merrill, Second Lieutenant
Leon A., military record
of 122
PAGE
Merrill, Second Lieutenant
Leon A., mustered out 122
Merrimac, sinking of by Hob-
son 191
sunk in Santiago harbor.. 289
Merritt, Corporal Samuel, in-
jured in wreck 145
Merritt, Major-General Wesley,
U. S. A 32, 171, 181
Messer, Private John P 337
Messiter, Arthur M., died of
fever 249
Mexico, Gulf of 300
Meyer (Myer), Corporal John
C, superintended entertain-
ment 306
Michigan 227
Thirty-second Eegiment In-
fantry 135
troops, assisted in cutting
trees and building
bridges 241
Middletown, New York, Twen-
ty-fourth Separate Company
of 17
Middletown, Pennsylvania,
Camp Mea:de, at 104, 105
Miles, General Nelson A., Lieu-
tenant-General, U. S. A., 166
191, 196, 308
expedition to Puerto Rico
under 306
complimented Captain
Wainwright 307
Miley, Lieutenant John D., U.
S. A 360, 263
Military Hospital, Santiago,
Cuba 271
Millard, Thomas P., on New
York Herald war staff 316
Miller, First Lieutenant Frank
J 105
military record of 116
mustered out 116
Miller, Private John H., wound-
ed in action at San Juan
Hill, Cuba 246
Mills, Private Bloomfield B.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Ciiba 245
Mindora, dispatch boat, car-
ried first account of fighting
before Santiago 316
Minnesota troops 31
Missouri, transport. . . 249, 252, 253
Volunteers, Third Eegi-
ment Infantry 91
103, 105
came into Camp Alger, 89
presented with loving
cup by Third New
York Eegiment 106
General Index.
407
PAGE
Mitchell, First Lieutenant
James B 99
military record of Ill
resigned Ill
commissioned second lieu-
tenant, U. S. A Ill
promoted to battalion ad-
jutant 116
discharged 1S4
Mitchell, John, on Ne\^ York
Herald war stafE 316
MohaT^k, New York 49
State armory at 81
Molahan, First Lieutenant Pat-
rick J 130
Mona passage 306
Monroe, New York 350
Montauk, Long Island 398
yellow fever patients
strictly quarantined at . . 346
sick of regiment, suffered
from insufficient cover-
ing during cold nights at, 393
transports, with troops
from Santiago, continu-
ally arriving at 396
detention hospitals at 396
general hospital at 396
list of Seventy-first Kegi-
ment dead at 303
Montauk Point, Long Island. . 348
349, 350, 351, 353, 353, 354
387, 388, 390, 394, 304
Montgomery, Alabama 143
Montgomery, Second Lieuten-
ant Alton W., military
record of 133
mustered out 123
Moody Institute 381
Moore, Private Hudson B.,
died . . 30
Moran, Private John ¥., in-
jured in wreck 145
Morgan, Quartermaster-Ser-
geant Herbert A Ill
appointed clerk, commis-
sary department 113
military record of 112
discharged 134
Morrison, Private Charles H.,
died 68
Morristown, New Jersey. ..... 175
Morro Castle, Havana Harbor,
Cuba 210, 339, 289
Morro Castle-, Santiago... 313, 314
Morton, Private Frederick E.,
discharged 66
Morton Lake, Florida 167
Mosby's guerillas 103
Mott, First Lieutenant Selden
W 48
Mott-Smith, Minister 38
PAGE
Mount Pleasant, New York... 79
Murphy, Private Edward, 3d.. 51
commissioned captain and
assistant adjutant-gen-
eral 51
discharged 63
Murphy, Private James, wound-
ed in action at San Juan Hill,
Cuba 344
Murphy, Private Robert E.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Murtaugh (Murtagh), Private
Thomas E 306
Myer, Colonel Albert James,
mustered in as adjutant, 87
promoted to major 93, 109
A. D. C. ]f> Governor
Frank S. Black 109
military record of 109
resigned 109
discharged 134
Myers, Private Leonard K.,
transferred to band 114
NAQLE, JAMES E., died of
fever and bronchitis 351
National Guard 155, 385
Iowa 137
New Jersey, Fourth Eegi-
ment 117
New York 39, 41, 42, 45
86, 127, 138, 153, 303
Third Brigade 17
First Eegiment In-
fantry, composed
of organizations
of the Third Bri-
gade 17, 18, 156
First Eegiment In-
fantry, medical
examination of
officers and en-
listed men 18
First Eegiment In-
fantry, mustered
in United States
service 19
First Eegiment In-
fantry, became
First Eegiment
Infantry, New
York Volunteers, 19
Twelfth Eegiment, 39
Second Battery. . 46
Second Eegiment
Infantry, Thir-
teenth Bat-
talion 47
Fourteenth Bat-
talion, Third
Brigade.. 45, 47
408
General Index.
PAGE I
National (Uiard: !
Xew Y<irk:
Third Brigade:
Second Eejiiment:
Fifteenth Bat-
talion, Third i
Brigade.. 45, 47
Sixth Separate
Company .... 47
T w e n t y - firsst
Separate Com-
pany 47 j
Third Eegiment Infan-
try, composed i^f
organizations nf
Fourth Brigade.. S3
ordered to Camp
Black S4
list of companies
and otlicers of, 84, 85
became Third Eei;i-
meiit Infantry... S5
(See Index of, page
339.)
One Hundred and Tenth
Battalion, company
D 107, 121
First Separate Com-
pany Ill
112, 113, 119, 124
Second Separate Com-
pany 108, 109
'no, 112, 120, 122, 123
Eighth Separate Com-
pany 114
Thirteenth Separate
Company 110
Twenty-tifth Separate
Company . . 112, 118, 119
Twenty-ninth Separate
Company ... 108, 117, 118
Thirtieth Separate
Company 109
110,'^ 112, 113, 121, 122
Thirty-fonrth Separate
Company 108, 115
Forty-first Separate
Company Ill, 116
Forty-second Separate
Company- 108
ll7, 118
Fortv-third Separate
Company 113, 120
Forty-seventh Separate
Company 113
120, 121
rorty-eip:hth Separate
Coiripanj- 108, IIT
Seventh Keginient. com-
pany H 123
Twenty-second Regi-
ment S7
PAGE
National Guard:
New York:
Twenty-second Regi-
ment :
company E 109, 126
Forty-eighth Regiment,
company A 116
company F 116
Forty-ninth Regiment, 108
Fifty-fourth Regiment,
company E 114
company H 122
Sixty-fifth Regiment.. 109
Seventy-first Regiment.
(See Index of, page
357.)
First Regiment Infan-
trj', or First Pro-
visional Regiment... 156
Thirteenth Regiment
Infantry 156
Fourteenth Regiment
Infantry 156
Forty-seventh Regi-
ment Infantry 156
Sixty-fifth Regiment
Infantry 156
Sixty-ninth Regimient
Infantry 156
(See Index of, page
351.)
One Hundred and Sev-
enty-first Regiment
Infantry 165, 303
National Military Park, Chick-
amauga, Georgia 51
regiment arrived at 133
Naval Academy Museum, An-
napolis, Spanish flag cap-
tured at Puerto Kico hangs in, 300
Naval convoy 306
Naval Department, co-opera-
tion between it and the
newspapers 317
required Sp.anish flag cap-
tured, to be turned in as
public trophy 309
Nebraska Volunteers, Second
Regiment Infantry 52
Newcomb, First Sergeant Ed-
ward T., promoted lieuten-
ant 27
Nellis. First Lieutenant George
W., military record of... 122
resiL'iied 122
promoted :is capt.nin 122
Nellis, Privatr Webster W.,
died 79
Newburfjh, Fifth Separate
Company 17
Newcpstle, Alabama 145
Sixty-ninth Ref^i^iment in
railroad wreck at 141
General Index.
409
PAGE
New Hawaiian post 31
New Jersey, Central Kailroad
of 50
New Jersey National Guard,
Fourth Regiment, company
H 117
New Mexico 44
New Orleans, Louisiana 304
Newport Harbor, Bhode Island, 40
Newport, Kentucky 140
Newspaper correspondents, in
Spanish War 314-318
New York, organizations in
Spanish War 9-12
harbor 19, 31, 175, 198
ladies of Pension Bureau,
iu Washington, enter-
tained Second Eegriment, 73
troops of 154
Grand Lodge, Free Masons,
of 181
representatives of promi-
nent newspapers and
joiirnals of, at camp at
Sevilla, Cuba 326
naval oflicers, gallantry
of 306-311
Navy Yard 313
New Y^ork, of the American
Line, now Harvard 318
New Y'ork Bay 311
New York Central Eailway, 84, 85
New York Citv 34, 36, 90, 133
138, 139, 143, 144, 145, 148
158, 169, 170, 175, 179, 180
196, 202, 218, 233, 336, 343
347, 348, 249, 250, 351, 353
353, 355, 370, 377, 278, 381
383, 390, 394, 395, 399, 303
New York Evening Post 318
New York Herald 315
316, 317
New York Journal 318
New York Press 318
New York Sun 317, 318
New York Tribune 169
New York World 381, 317
New York National Guard.... 36
39, 41, 42, 45, 83, 86
127, 128, 153, 303
Third Brigade 17
First Kegiment Infan-
try, composed of or-
ganizations of the
Third Brigade 17
18, 156
First Eegiment Infan-
try, medical exami-
nation of officers and
enlisted men 18
mustered into United
States service 19
PAGE
New York National Guard:
Third Brigade:
became First Eegiment
Infantry, New York
Volunteers 19
Second Eegiment In-
f a n t r y, Thir-
teenth Battalion, 47
Fourteenth Battal-
ion, Third Bri-
gade 45, 47
Fifteenth Battal-
ion, Third Bri-
gade 45, 47
Sixth Separate Company. . 47
Twenty-first Separate Com-
pany 47
Third Eegiment Infantry,
composed of organi-
zations of Fourth
Brigade 83
ordered to Camp Black, 84
list of companies and
ofEcers of 84-85
became Third Eegi-
ment Infantry, New
York Volunteers 85
One Hundred and Tenth
Battalion, company D. . . 107
131
First Separate Company. . Ill
112, 113, 119, 134
Second Separate Company, 108
109, 110, 113, 130, 132, 123
Eighth Separate Company, 114
Thirteenth Separate Com-
pany . . i 110
Twenty-fifth Separate
Company 112, 118, 119
Twenty-ninth Separate
Company 108, 117, 118
Thirtieth Separate Com-
pany 109
110, 112, 113, 131, 133
Thirty-fourth Separate
Company 108, 115
Forty-first Separate Com-
pany Ill, 116
Forty-second Separate
Company 108, 117, 118
Forty-third Separate Com-
pany 113, 120
Forty-seventh Separate
Company 113, 120, 131
Forty-eighth Separate
Company 108, 117
Seventh Eegiment, com-
pany H 133
Twenty-second Eegiment. . 87
company E 109, 126
Forty-eighth Eegiment,
company A 116
410
General Index.
PAGE
New York National Guard:
Forty-eighth Begiment:
company F 116
Forty-ninth Eegiment 108
Fifty-fourth Eegiment,
company E 114
company H 122
Sixty-fifth Eegiment 109
Seventy-first Eegiment In-
fantry. (See Index to
Seventy-first Eegiment,
page 370.)
First Eegiment Infantry,
or First Provisional
Eegiment 156
Thirteenth Eegiment In-
fantry 156
Fourteenth Eegiment In-
fantry 156
Forty-seventh Eegiment
Infantry 156
Sixty-fifth Eegiment In-
fantry 156
Sixty-ninth Eegiment I n-
f antry 156
One Hundred and Seventy-
first Eegiment Infantry, 165
303
New York State 17
18, 19, 34, 31, 39, 45, 46
60, 61, 69, 71, 72, 74, 83
108, 127, 137, 150, 152, 171
182, 188, 216, 287, 304
Adjutant-General of 39
74, 153, 154, 165, 247
Colonel MacArthur paid
men for services ren-
dered, from May 3nd to
May 10th at Gamp Black, 293
Nineteenth Militia, com-
pany D 43
Nevr York Volunteers, First
Eegiment Infantry. (See In-
dex, First Eegiment, page
319.)
New York Volunteers, 202nd
Eegiment 27
New York Volunteers, Second
Eegiment Infantry. (See In-
dex Second Eegiment, page
327.)
New York 'Volunteers, Twelfth
Eegiment Infantry 82
Fourteenth Eegiment In-
fantry 52
Twenty-second Eegiment
Infantry 47
Sixty-fifth Eegiment Infan-
try 80
Sixty-ninth Eegiment In-
fantry 54, 67, 72
PAGE
New York Volunteers:
Seventy-first Eegiment In-
fantry 79
Two Hundred and First
Eegiment Infantry 60
Two Hundred and Second
Eegiment Infantry 60
80, 82
Two Hundred and Third
Eegiment Infantry 66
Third Eegiment Artillery, 107
New York Volunteers, Third
Eegiment Infantry. (See In-
dex Third Eegiment, page
339.)
New York Volunteers, 147th
Eegiment Infantry 115
Two Hundred and Second
Eegiment Infantry. . 93, 109
Two Hundred and Third
Eegiment Infantry 115
New^ York Volunteers, Sixty-
ninth Eegiment Infantry.
(See Index Sixty-ninth Eegi-
ment, page 351.)
New York Volunteers, Seventy-
first Eegiment Infantry. (See
Index Seventy-first Eegi-
ment Infantry, page 357.)
New York Volunteers, Second
Eegiment Infantry, or Sec-
ond Provisional Eegiment. . . 211
New York Volunteers, Sev-
enth Eegiment Infantry,
company JK 181
Niagara Falls, New York 86
Forty-second Separate
Company of 84
Nice, Lieutenant John L 97
military record of ... . 118-119
mustered out 119
Nichols, F. H., on New York
Herald war stafE 316
Nichols, Private Frederick P.
(Edward) , killed 57
remains of, sent to Troy
for interment 58
Nicht, Musician Edward J.,
transferred to band 114
Nickinson, Lieutenant Albert
E 26
sergeant, promoted 28
Ninth Eegiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 43, 44, 67
Ninth Eegiment Infantry,
Indiana 257
Ninth Eegiment Infantry,
regulars 264
Ninth Separate Company, Na-
tional Guard, New York,
of Whitehall, New York, 49
designated company 1 46
General Index.
411
PAGE
JNoon, Private George, injured
in wreck 143
Norman, Lieutenant George
H., in command of armed
boat which captured light-
ers in Guanica Harbor 310
Norman,* Lieutenant ' and As-
sistant Engineer Proctor, in
charge of armed boat sent to ■
aid Lieutenant Huse 307
North Carolina 259
Northern Alabama 69
North river. New York 132
OAHU, ISLAND OF 23
O'Brien, Captain' John E 130
O'Brien, Private John J., died, 148
O'Brien, Private Michael J.,
died . . ; . . 70
O'Brien, Private Pierce J.,
transferred to Division Hos-
pital Corps 60
O'Brien, Thomas J., died of dis-
ease .,, 250
Ocala, Florida, Sixty-ninth
Kegiment Infantry, New
York Volunteers, arrived at, 135
O'Connel], First Sergeant Mi-
chael, recommended to be
second lieutenant 133-
O'Connell, Private Michael, in-
jured in vyreck 145
O'Connor, John E., died of
fever 233
Ogden, Utah 21
Ohio . 257
First Regiment ;.... 67
First Regiment 'Cavalry... 167
Third Regiment Infantry, 133
136, 140, 146
Fifth Regiment Infantry.. 135
Seventh Regiment Infan-
try 104
troops 105
Ojo Caliente, New Mexico 44
O'JJeefe, Corporal Gerald J.,
injured in wreck 145
O'Keefe, Private William, in-
jured in wreck 145
Olcott, Mrs. Emmet R 180
Olean, New York 85
Forty-third Separate Com-
pany of 84
Olena, Edgar J., died. . ; 76
Oliver, Second Lieutenant Ed-
ward 25
Oliver, Brigadier-General Rob-
ert Shaw, I bommanding
officer >« of Third Bri-
gade 17, 18
ordered to organize two
regiments . . .... , 17
PAGE
Olivette, steamer 204, 218
steamship, headquarters
for newspaper corre-
spondents 207
Olyphant, Quartermaster J.
Kensett igi
Olyphant, Talbot, presents col-
ors to New York Volun-
teers 19, 90
Olympia 316
Omaha, Nebraslca 20
One Hundred and Tenth Bat-
talion, National Guard, New
York, company D •» . 107, 131
One Hundred and Fifty-sev-
enth Regiment, Indiana 67'
One Hundred and Forty-sev-
enth Regiment ji Infantry,-
New York Volunteers 115
One Hundred and Fifty-ninth
Itegiment Infantry, Indiana, 89'
92, 95, 105
One Hundred and Seventy-
first Regiment Infantry,
National Guard, New
York 165, 303
acted as escort to Seventy-
first Regiment on parade
to armory 297
Oueonta, Third Separate Com-
pany of 17
Oothoudt, Second Lieutenant
Arthur E 26
Oquendo, Gloiicester followed
about 1,500 yards astern
of 311
Ord, Major-General Edward O.
0- U. S. A 227
Ord, Lieutenant Jules Gar-
esche, military record
of . . 227
Icilled at battle of San
Juan, Santiago, Cuba . . . 227
one of the first ofHcers
shot, at San Juaji, Cuba, 228
Order of advance of American
transports from Florida to
Ciiba 195
Orr, *f Edward Emerson, en-
listed . . 114
O'Sullivan, Second Lieutenant
Mortimer M 129
resigned 141
Oiswald, Assistant Surgeon
Francis L., appointed sur-
geon 141
Oswego, New York 86, 127
Forty-eighth Separate
Company of 85
Otis, Major-General Elwell S.,
U. S. A 32, 33, 34
412
General Index.
PAGE
PALMER, CAPTAIN FRANK
ROCKWELL 25
Palmetto Beach, Florida,
sketch of 135
sketch of camp at 135-136
unsanitary condition of
camp at 139
Park avenue, New York city. . 300
303
Parker, Private Eobertson A.,
died 76
Parkersbiirg, Virginia 51
Parks, Corporal Frank L., Jr.,
died . . .* 79
Parsons, Sergeant Charles E.,
mustered in as second lieu-
tenant 62
Pattberg (Pattburg), First
Lieutenant Frederick L.,
military record of 117
miistered out 117
Paymaster's Department 69
Peace, formal declaration of,
had been made and war
ended 283
Peet, Private George L., died, 30
Peet House, Virginia 99
Peltz, Hamilton S., on New
York Herald war staff 316
Pennsylvania 220
Pennsylvania Railway 174
Pension Bureau, New York la-
dies of, entertained regi-
ment 73
Pentony, Sergeant John, in-
jured in wreck 145
Pfister, Edward, died of fever, 249
buried at Montaut, Long
Island 303
Phelan, Adjutant James J.,
Thirteenth Battalion, Na-
tional Guard, New York, 47
mustered in as captain and
adjutant 70
mustered out 82
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ... 51
105, 132
Philadelphia and Beading
Bailroad 50, 51
Philippine expedition 171
Philippine Islands 32
33, 181, 257, 315
Pickard, Captain Arthur W. . . 86
first lieutenant, promoted
to captain 28
Pierce, Second Lieutenant
Harry C, military record of, 116
Piersoil, First Sergeant Wil-
liam D., died of fever 253
Pinar deJ Rio, Cuba 61
Plant System, Road of the, 64, 167
PAGE
Piatt, Senator Thomas C, of
New Y'ork, telegram pre-
pared by Seventy-first Regi-
ment officers to be sent to,
but recalled 287
Plunkett, Captain James 129
resigned 147
Pluton, Spanish destroyer 313
completely wrecked by the
Gloucester 313
Ponce, negotiations for surren-
der of, in progress 310
Pope, Major-General John,
U. S. A 44
Port Antonio,, Jamaica, first
story of destruction of Cer-
vera's squadron brought to,
by Golden Rod, dispatch
boat 316
Porter, Private Clarence H.,
died 30
Porter, !Mrs. John Addison,
provided liberal supply of
medicines and food for sick
of Seventy-first Regiment... 274
Port Guanica 306
Port of Guantanamo, Cuba .... 206
Porto Rico 67
300, 208, 316
Port Tampa, Florida 54
59, 60, 136, 188, 194, 212
Sixth and Sixteenth Infan-
try, regulars, ordered to
proceed to transports at, 192
Seventy-first Regiment In-
fantry, New York
Volunteers, ordered
to proceed to trans-
ports at 193
arrived at 196
Post Hospital, Hawaiian Is-
lands 37
Potomac river 92
Potter, Private Ernest R 237
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill 245
Potter, Second Lieutenant
Louis E 49
Poughkeepsie, Fifteenth Sepa-
rate Company, Twelfth Bat-
talion of 17
Powers, Private Auer E., died, 71
Preger (Prayer), Private Wil-
liam, buried near the
ford below San Juan
Hill, Cuba 240
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 247
Presidio, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia 34, 29
General Index.
413
PAGE
Presidio, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia:
First Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers,
moved to 21
Pride, Adjutant Hamilton,
Civil War veteran 297, 300
Pritcliard, Private Frank B.,
transferred to band 114
Proctor, Assistant Engineer,
on armed boat, sent in
aid of Lieutenant Huse, 307
boat in command of, cut
out large lighter 308
Provisional regiments, New
York Volunteers 156
Provost Guard 273
Puerto Eico, expedition to, un-
der General Miles, designed
to land at Cape San Juan. . . 306
Puerto Eico, first Spanish
flag captured in, by crew
of Gloucester 309
first American flag hoisted
in, by crew of Glouces-
ter 309
Purman, Corporal William M.,
transferred First United
States Volunteer Engineers, 53
Putnam, Private Frank A.,
died 76
Pyne, Private William, died. . . 151
QUARTERMASTER'S DE=
PARTMENT 72, 95
its efficiency proved 98, 103
practically a nullity.. 279
Queen and Crescent Eailway.. 55
Queens, New York, borough of, 250
Queen's Eoad, pilgrims all
along, journeying toward
Santiago, Cuba 271
Quevedo, Eichard, died of ty-
phoid malarial fever 251
Quigley, First Lieutenant and
Battalion Adjutant John
Aloysius 110, 126
mustered in United States
service as battalion adju-
tant 87
military record of 109
died 134
announcement of his
death 125-126
Quilty, John J., died of dis-
ease 249
Quinn, First Lieutenant
Thomas J 129
RABING, PRIVATE ALBERT
J 282
Eace Track Camp, Hawaiian
Islands 22
PAGE
EafEerty, Captain Malcolm
Anstice 182, 194, 212
with company F, among
first to arrive on San
Juan Hill, Cuba 233
led his company up the hill
with Major Keek's bat-
talion 264
Ealph, Julian, of Harper's
Weekly 317
Eamsay (Eamsey), Assistant
Surgeon George D., pro-
moted surgeon 27
resigned 141
Eappe, Private Charles G 21
Eead, Private James H., Jr.,
died 29
Eeagan, Corporal J*Iichael J.,
promoted lieutenant 27
Eeardon, Private Thomas J.,
injured in wreck 145
Eebecca Channel 200
Eeconcentrados, meaning of.. 214
Eecords, preservation of 2-3
Eecruits, at Montauk, Long
Island 295, 296
Eed Cross Society 274
278, 380, 292
Eed Cross steamer, State of
Texas, first to enter Santi-
ago harbor after the surren-
der 273
Eedding, Leo L., on New York
Herald war staff 316
Eegimental Band, account
of 113-114
Eegimental Hospital, Second. . 66
68
Regimental Hospital 346
Eeilly, Private John, died 148
Eeilly, Patrick, teamster, in-
jured in wreck 145
Reina Mercedes, ship, sunk in
harbor 289
Belief Society of the Seventy-
first Eegiment, $100 re-
ceived from, ^by Colonel
Downs . . ..*. 278
gifts of tobacco and par-
cels received from 285
Eemington, Frederick, artist.. 318
Eeville, First Lieutenant Philip
E 130
Revolution, Sons of the pre-
sent colors to the First
Eegiment 19
present colors to the Third
Eegiment 89, 90
Eeynolds, Daniel K., died on
board Eoumania, at sea 349
Eich, Captain Amos Cooke 49
414
General Index.
PAGE
Eich.ardsoii, Private Henry P.,
woimded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Eichmond, Virginia 166, 230
Boach, Captain James Edward, 25
Roach, Private Eoyal T., died, 80
Roberts, Lieutenant Alfred I.,
died of pneumonia 250
toast drunk in silence, in
memory of 303
Roberts, Cyrus B., adjutant-
general, IT. S. A., letter from, 94
Eobt, Private Robert J., Jr.
(William), song 206
Roche, Captain John J 131
Rochester, New York. . . 85, 86, 124
First Separate Company
of 84
Eighth Separate Company
of 84
Eodgers, Corporal James L.,
died of fever 251
Eoe, Major-General Charles F., 156
159, 160, 161, 162, 174, 211
Eifth Brigade, National
Guard, New York. . . 128, 129
Eome and Columbus Railroad, 51
Eooiiey, Second Lieutenant
Leo J. P 135
sergeant, recommended to
be lieutenant 131
Roosevelt Rough Riders 192
196, 218, 259
also known as Eirst United
States Volunteer Cav-
alry 216, 218
had several losses in killed
and wounded on El Peso
Hill, Cuba 228
excited curiosity of every-
one 256
Roosevelt, Theodore, Assistant
Secretary Navy 196
lieutenant-colonel .... 360, 262
colonel, in command of
First Volunteer Cavalry, 228
Roosevelt Regiment 360
ordered do^n the hill and
to advance on San Juan,
Cuba 262
Eoot, First Sergeant Edgar W.,
died of typhoid malarial
fever 247
Ross, Chief Hostler 178, 222
Boss, Private Reuben, buried
near the ford below San
Juan Hill, Cuba 340
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 254
Ross, Captain Sanderson A.,
Twenty-ninth Separate
Company , 84
PAGE
Ross, Captain Sanderson A.:
company E 86
military record of 118
mustered out 118
Rossville, Tennessee 134, 135
Second Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers,
marched to 53
Rough Riders, Roosevelt 193
196, 218, 259
also known as First United
States Volunteer Cav-
alry 216, 318
excited curiosity 256
had several losses in killed
and wounded on El Poso
Hill, Cuba 238
Roumania, transport 349
Rouse, Frank E., died of
fever 353
died and buried at Mon-
tauk, Long Island 303
RufEner, Captain Ernest L.,
assistant surgeon 80
Rusk, Corporal William A.,
died on board Missouri 350
Ryan, First Lieutenant John
J., recommended to be cap-
tain 131
Ryan, First Lieutenant Nicho-
las J 130
Ryan, Private William P., in-
jured 58
SADLER, CAPTAIN JOHN T.,
Thirtieth Separate Com-
pany 84, 85
ordered to Elmira to re-
ceive recruits 91
military record of 121
mustered out 131
Sague, Eirst Lieutenant Clar-
ence 31i
second liexitenant, pro-
moted to first lieuten-
ant 38
Sague, Major John K 24, 35
captain, promoted to ma-
jor. First New York
Volunteers 28
military record of 44
mustered out 44
St. Andrew's Church, Harlem,
New York 155, 176, 180
St. Clare, Principal Musician
Lewis V. S 123
military record of 113
mustered out 113
St. John's Hospital, borough of
Queens, Brooklyn, New
York 249, 250
General Index.
PAGE
St. Luke's Hospital, New York, 248
St. Patrick, The Friendly Sons
of, presented colors to Sixty-
ninth Eegiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers 133
St. Paul, steamer, American
Line 81
St. Paul's Church, London 176
St. Peter's Hospital, Brooklyn,
New York 253
St. Thomas 316
St. Thomas' parish. New York, 171
Sampson, Commodore William
Thomas 210
his fleet bombarding Santi-
ago, Cuba 19]
report of Captain Higgin-
son to 306-307
extract from report of
Captain Higginson to... 310
Cervera's ships attempted
to run the gauntlet of
his squadron 311
Sand Lake, New York 74
San Trancisco, California 20
21, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 37, 181
harbor 22
Sangsters Cross Koads, Vir-
ginia 98
San Juan, Santiago, Cuba 238
241, 242, 247, 265
battle at 226, 227, 314
Seventy-iirst Eegiment and
entire brigade under
continuous fire on march
to 230
success of engagement due
to regiments, battalions,
and even companies 232
battle of, a unique char-
acter 255
one out of every four men
in charging column at,
killed or wounded 257
San Juan Creek, Santiago,
Cuba, Seventy-first Regiment
halted there, awaiting or-
ders 262
San Juan Heights, Santiago,
Cuba, hospital 296
San Juan Hill, Santiago,
Cuba 233, 235
240, 248, 250, 251, 252
253, 254, 261, 263, 318
account of the battle
of 227-240
list of woimded in battle
of 244-246
brilliant charge and occu-
pation of 233
415
i
PA.GE
San Juan Hill, Santiago,
Cuba:
honor of its capture lies
with Thirteenth, Sixth,
Sixteenth or Twenty-
fourth Regular Infantry, 233
honor of being first at top
of hill claimed by six-
teen companies and six
regiments. Fifth Army
Corps 255
accurate account of the
engagement of Seventy-
first Regiment at 256-266
five regiments of United
States troops in victori-
ous charge up 264
San Mateo, Philippuie Islands,
battle of 257
Santiago, Cuba 61, 62
150, 200, 206, 208, 209, 212
213, 217, 219, 220, 223, 224
225, 233, 246, 247, 248, 249
250, 251, 252, 253, 256, 259
267, 268, 269, 276, 282, 285
288, 296, 314
yellow fever among troops
at 63
Sampson's fleet bombard-
ing 191
Seventy-flrst Regiment
reaches 207
Spanish troops fled toward, 215
Spaniards retreated to en-
trenchments before 235
Seventy-first Regiment or-
dered to march toward, 226
a city with natural fortifi-
cations 227
Spaniards had been driven
back toward 2o8
surrendered 14 July, 1898.. 243
post-office re-established
in 243
pilgrims all along Queen's
Road journeying toward, 271
pauper-stricken and starv-
ing Cubans journeying
toward 271
strong entrenchments and
fortifications built by
Spaniards along eastern
end of 271
sketch of 272
might have been one of the
cleanest cities in the
world 272
sale of liquors forbidden
in, for three days 272
enlisted men of United
States troops forbidden
to enter 273
416
General Index.
PAGE
Santiago, Cuba:
United States officers on
dock at beseeching Ked
Cross Society for food
and medicines for sick
soldiers 274
all needed rations had to
be transported to La
Grande Duchesse 2S9
men not paid 293
city hospital 296
destruction of Spanish
fleet at 311-314
fighting before 316
Santiago Harbor, Cuba, Ad-
miral Cervera lost every ves-
sel in his command at the
mouth of 239
Saratoga, New York 73
Saratoga Springs, New York,
Twenty-second Separate
Company of 49, 66
State Armory 80
Savannah, Georgia 166
Sawyer, Private James H.,
died 29
Scandia, United States troop-
ship, hospital ship.. 22, 24
Scanlon, Sergeant-Major John
P., recommended to be
second lieutenant 131
recommended to be bat-
talion adjutant 133
Schaller, OPrivate Frank A.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba.: 244
Scheid, Corporal Henry J.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 231
buried in trenches at Di-
vision Hospital, San
Juan, Cuba 240
died of wounds received in
action S50
Schenectady, New York, Thir-
ty-sixth Separate Com-
pany of 49, 73, 79
Thirty-seventh Separate
Company of 49
State Armory at... 81
Schermerhorn, Private Louis
C, injured 58
Schindel, S. J. Bayard, lieu-
tenant, U. S. A 18S
Schley, Admiral Winfield Scott, 318
his effective blockade of
Havana, Cuba 191
Schroter, August !F., died of
fever S58
Schutz, Gustav C, died on
board La Grande Duchesse
and buried at sea 253, 290
PAGE
Sichiiyler, Captain Walter S.,
U. S. A 132, 156, 157
Fifth United States Cav-
alry, administered the
oath to regiment 86
Schwarte, First Lieutenant
John A 49
Schwartz, Chaplain Karl 19
20, 22, 25, 37
Scidmore, Private William W.,
injured 58
Scofield, Private Sidney A.,
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 231, 253
buried at edge of the
stream a,t foot of El
Poso Hill, Cuba 240
Scotland 40
Scott, Major Walter ' 19
20, 22, 24
lieutenant-colonel 25
major, promoted to lieu-
tenant-colonel 27
military record of 43
retired 43
Searing, Private William J.,
died 70
Second Army Corps 93, 95
First Division 94
Second Army Corps, Second
Division 89, 94, 96, 97, 98
Second Battalion, Second Kegi-
ment 61, 62, 65, 72, 78
two deaths 81
Second and Third Battal-
ions qviartered in State
Armory, Troy 74
Second Battalion, Third llegi-
ment 87, 91
ordered out as provost
guard 97
arrived at Camp Meade... 106
Second Battalion, Sixty-ninth
Begiment 129
Second Battalion, Seventy-first
Regiment 235, 236, 278
encamped at top of hill in
sight of Santiago 223
under Major Wells, de-
tailed to build bridges
and improve roads 241
ordered to march to Santi-
ago and take transport
for Montauk, Long Is-
land 288
Second Battery, National
Guard, New York 46
Second Brigade Cavalry 166
Second Division Hospital at
Fernandina, Florida 68
Gbneral Index.
417
PAGE
Second Division, Second Army
Corps... 89, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
Third Army Corps 133
Fourth Army Corps... 66, 134
Second Provisional Begiment,
or Second Segiment Infan-
try, New York Volunteers. . 156
Sll
Second Kegfiment Cavalry, U.
S. A 67
Second Kegiment Infantry,
Georgia 135, 136, 140
Second Massachusettts Volun-
teers... 163, 167, 170, 177, 198
part of Ludlovy's command
at El Caney, Cuba.. 256, 257
Second Regiment Infantry,
Nebraska 52, 54
Second Eegiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers. (See
Index Second Eegiment, page
327.)
Second Eegiment Infantry,
Tennessee, detailed to pro-
vost guard 104
Second Regiment, Volunteer
Engineers 22, 23
Second Separate Company,
National Guard, New
York 108, 100
110, 112, 120, 122, 123, 126
mustered out of United
States service 107
Second Separate Company,
of Auburn 84
became company M, Third
Eegiment 85
Self ridge, First Lieutenant
Edward A., Jr., promoted
captain 182
Senate, United States 171
Seneca, transport ship 211
Sequranca, ship .". 206, 208, 212
Seventeenth Battalion, Seventh
Eegiment Cavalry 218
Seventh Regiment Infantry,
U. S. A 47, 82, 281
Seventh Regiment Infantry,
National Guard, New York,
company H 122
Seventh Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers, com-
pany K 181
Seventh Eegiment Infantry,
Ohio 104
Seventh Separate Company, of
Cohoes 48
designated company B 46
Seventy-first Eegiment Aid So-
ciety, Bronx borough 285
27
FACE
Seventy-first Eegiment Infan-
try, National Guard, New
York. (See Index Seventy-
first Regiment, page 357.)
Sevilla, Cuba 216
218, 220, 230
Seventy-first Eegiment,
New York Volunteers,
pitched camp at 223
Spanish block house near
camp at 223
two corporals and several
privates of Tenth United
States Cavalry interred
near 223
representatives of promi-
nent newspapers and
journals of ^^ew York
at 226
sketch of road to San
Juan Hill, from 227
Shatter, General William R.,
Fifth Army Corps 54
135, 177, 196, 198
207, 212, 233, 260
wished to avoid bombard-
ment of Santiago city. . . 242
had forbidden sale of
liquors for three days in
Santiago, Cuba 272
directed by authorities at
Washington to remove
all troops to. United
States 286
Shafter's army, Mindora, dis-
patch boat, carried first ac-
count to United States of
landing of 316
Sharrott, First Sergeant Eu-
gene li., died of typhoid
fever 250
Shattuck, Second Lieutenant
Algernon B., military
record of 118
mustered out 118
Shaw, Private Frederick V. V.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 344, 247
Shaw, Private John A 206
died of fever 250
Shaw, Governor Leslie M., vis>-
ited Sixty-ninth Regi-
ment 141
addressed Sixty-ninth Eegi-
ment 142
Sheaf e, Brigadier-General Mark
W 89, 104
First Brigade reviewed by, 93
Sheary, Private Michael F.,
commissioned paymaster
with rank of major, United
States Volunteers 55
418
General Index.
PAGE
Sheehan, E. H., on New York
Herald war staff 316
Sheehan, Captain James F 36
Sheffold (ShefBeld), Private
Delvert, injured 58
Sheffold, William A., deserted, 70
Sheppard, Private William B.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Sherlock, Private James J.,
injured in wreck 145
Sherman, FirS't Lieutenant
Henry P 48
Shinnecock, Long Island, light
off 290
Short, Sergeant Peter H., Jr.,
appointed first lieutenant... 183
Shoshone Mountains, Wy-
oming 41
Siboney, Cuba 212, 214
215, 216, 217, 218, 223
234, 240, 242, 243, 254
258, 267, 268, 273, 287
sketch of 213
Seventy-first Regiment
landed at 213, 219
pitched camp at 215
Quartermaster Amos H.
Stephens went to, for
tents, but was not suc-
cessful 226
United States post-office
opened at 243
every wooden house burned
to ground on account of
yellow fever 243
first tent given to regi-
ment by Y. M. C. A. army
commission, on vessel at, 269
insufficient lighterage fa-
cilities at 271
wretched roads five miles
out from 271
hospital at 296
Siebold, Louis, of the World.. 317
Signal Corps 230
United States Volunteers . . 76
Simmoria (Simmons) , Private
Frederick C, injured 58
Sing Sing, New York 248
Sisters of St. Joseph, building
of, turned into a hospital. . . 69
Sixteenth Regiment Infantry,
regulars 177
216, 217, 223, 333, 236, 258
260, 262, 264, 283, 385, 293
ordered to proceed to
transports at Port
Tampa, Florida 192
moved to the right 367
PAGE
Sixteenth Regiment Infantry,
regulars:
band of, played martial
airs as vessel swung
into the Caribbean 290
Sixteenth Separate Company. . 17
Sixth Regiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 67
Sixth Regiment Infantry, regu-
lars 177, 185
316, 317, 233, 327, 333
336, 258, 260, 264, 283
ordfered to proceed to
transports at Port
Tampa 192
moved to the right 267
started for Santiago and
Montauk 288
Sixth Separate Company,' Na-
tional Guard, New York,
of Troy 47, 48
designated company A 46
Sixty-fifth Regiment Infantry,
National Guard, New York, 109
156
Sixty-fifth Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers 80
Sixty-ninth Regiment. (See
page 357.)
Skelly, Private Thomas J., in-
jured in wreck 145
Skinner, Private Louis B.,
killed in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 231, 248
buried at edge of the
stream at foot of El
Poso Hill, Cuba 240
Slater, Second Lieutenant Lu-.
cius J 36
first sergeant, promoted to
second lieutenant 38
Small, Corporal Louis B., died
of disease 347
Smith, Major Clinton Hartt. .. 164
promoted lieutenant-
colonel 182
lieutenant-colonel 197
210, 283, 300
appointed caterer to
officers' mess 309
detailed to get horses
on shore 218
down with fever 276
in command of regi-
ment 282
Smith, Regimental Adjutant
Frank B 125, 136
Smith, Captain and Adjutant
Frank Eugene, military
record of 109
mustered out 109
General Index.
419
PAGE
Smith, Frank Eugene:
first lieutenant and battal-
ion adjutant 110
regimental adjutant 123
Smith, First Lieutenant Frank
G., military record of... 119
mustered out 119
Smith, Brigadier-General
George Moore 156
Smith, Second Lieutenant
James Ezra Z2, 25
Smith, Captain Lester Bord-
man. First Separate
Company 84, 86, 125
military record of 119
died 119
announcement of his
death 124^125
Smith, Sommers N., steam pilot
boat 316
Snyder, Brigadier-General Si-
mon, U. S. A 54, 134
Sons of the Kevolution pre-
sent colors to the First
Kegiment 19
present colors to the Third
Regiment 89, 90
South Carolina 216
South Dakota troops 21
Southern Express 90
Southern Florida 69
South Glens Falls, New York, 79
Southern Pacific Railway 21
Southern Railroad 53
88, 96, 133, 134
Spain 40
42, 83, 152, 163, 191
war between United States
and 153, 305
reality of impending strug-
gle with, realized 161
all terms of surrender
merciful to 244
its army to be returned to,
only stipulation in sur-
render of Santiago, Cuba, 244
24,000 Spanish troops to be
tran sported there, in
their own vessels 268
had sued for peace 278
had agreed to all the
terms of peace imposed
by the United States 283
Seventy-first Regiment, in
war with 304
Spanish, The 217, 218, 219
brass bullets used by 223
wounded at Las Guasimas,
who died returning to
Santiago, buried in
trench near Second Bat-
talion, Seventy-first Regi-
ment camp 224
PAGE
Spanish, The:
fired from block houses
and entrenchments 230
sent shrapnel flying in
every direction 230
used smokeless powder.... 230
had sharpshooters in tall
cocoanut trees along the
road 230
aim upon gun on El Poso
Hill, very accurate 228
army, made a solid phalanx
of troops from San Juan,
three miles to the left.. 227
army, to be returned to
Spain, only stipulation
in surrender of Santiago, 244
block house, n^r camp at
Sevilla 223
colonel, killed by an ex-
ploded shell 215
cruisers, pursued by all
American war vessels
except Gloucester 311
destroyers, combined crew
outnumbered crew of
Gloucester fifty per cent, 311
entrenchments, fired upon
with shrapnel 261
flag, on warehouse 306
flag, when lowered a rapid
firing of rifles was heard, 307
flag lowered and ours
hoisted in its place 307
flag hauled down 308
flag, flrst one captured by
crew of the Gloucester. . 309
fleet 198
fleet, Gloucester waited for
two destroyers of....... 311
fleet, two destroyers of,
superior in artillery to
the Gloucester 311
fleet, two destroyers, of
English construction and
up to date in all respects, 311
fleet at Santiago, destruc-
tion of 311-314
merchants, . at Santiago,
cordially received Ameri-
can soldiers 272
pilot on La Grande Duch-
esse 289
prisoners, of equal rank,
exchanged for ours 242
reinforcement, coming
from Yauco, driven back
by fire from Gloucester, 3P7
reinforcement expected
from Yauco 308
ships 198
ships, reported sighted off
Massachusetts coast .... 164
420
General Index.
PAGE
Spanish, The:
ships appeared 313
soldiers, along' outskirts of
Santiago, receiving morn-
ing mess S71
soldiers, housed on both
sides of street in Anda-
lusian quarter, Santiago, 272
troops, fled toward Santi-
ago, Cuba 21S
troops, in jungle, attack
First United States Vol-
unteer Cavalry 216
troops, 24,000 to be trans-
ported to Spain in their
own vesses 368
Spanish War 177. 259
New York organizations
in 9-12
newspaper correspondents
in 314-318
enterprise of correspond-
ents in 315-318
work performed by news-
papers during progress
"' of, unparalleled in his-
' tory of journalism 317
Spellman, Major Michael J 129
Spitzel (Pitzel),^ Sergeant Max,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Spottsylvania, Virginia, battle
of . . 220
Springsteen, Private John V.,
died 30
Squadron A 161
band 163
furnished music for re-
view of troops 160
Staats, Captain Charles
Bleecker 38
resigned 27
Staats, First Lieutenant Harry
Caleb 20, 25
second lieutenant, pro-
moted to first lieutenant, 28.
Stacey, Captain James George,
Jr 85
first lieutenant, mustered
into United States ser-
vice as captain.- 87
military record of 115
mustered out 115
Stacpole, Lieutenant-Colonel
Horatio Potter 19
30, 32, 24
major, appointed lieuten-
ant-colonel. First Eegi-
ment Infantry 18
colonel 35
lieutenant-colonel, promot-
ed to colonel. First New
York Volunteers 27
PAGE
Stacpole, Horatio Potter;
military record of 42
died 42
Stafford, Surgeon Harry Eu-
gene 237
captain, mustered into
United States service as
surgeon 156
responded to address 180
weak from overwork, 276, 287
Stafford, Captain James, as-
sistant surgeon 79
mustered into United
States service as sur-
geon 156
on duty in Cuba 347
detailed to serve with
Fourth Eegular Kegi-
ment 287
requested to be returned
to Sevefity-first Regi-
ment 287
Starin's barges, used in getting
soldiers ready for camp 291
State Armory:
at Amsterdam 81
Glens Falls 81
Hoosick Falls 80
Mohawk 81
New York city, Thirty-
fourth street and Park
avenue 165, 297
299, 300, 301, 303, 303, 304
Saratoga Springs 80
Schenectady 81
Troy 80
refreshments served to
returning soldiers at, 73
two battalions. Second
Regiment, New York,
quartered in 74
Whitehall 81
State flags, necessity for bet-
ter preservation of 3-4
Staten Island, New York 19
State of Texas 274
Red Cross steamer, first to
enter harbor after sur-
render 273
Steele, Quartermaster-Sergeant
Albert M 123
military record of Ill
mustered out Ill
Stegman, Henry R., of the
New York Tribune 169, 226
Stephens (Stevens), Quarter-
master Amos H., went to
Siboney for tents, but
was not successful 226
recuperating at Siboney,
Cuba , 243
made requisition for khaki
suits for regiment 278
Genbeal Index.
42i
PAGE
Stephens (Stevens), Quarter-
master Amos H.:
when he had the facilities,
did his -work well 279
Sternberg, Surgeon-General
George M 284
liad first advised that
troops remain in Cuba
till fever had disap-
peared 387
decided to have troops re-
moved to Montauk Point,
Long Island 287
Stevens, Captain Frank L.,
company M 49
Stevens (Stearns), Private
John, transferred to band.. 114
Stevenson, Hospital Steward
George H., in hospital at
Santiago, Cuba 247
Stickney, J. L., with Dewey. . . 316
Stoddard, Captain Charles Her-
bert 304
assigned sick 192
in command of 200 recruits
at Camp Black, Hemp-
stead Plains 295
Stoddard, Henry L., of the
Mail and Express, of
New York city 169
226, 266, 314
his account of the engage-
ment of Seventy-first
Eegiment at San Juan
Hill 256-266
letter from 314-315
sketch of 314
Story, Major John P., U. S. A.,
inspected and located a
camp at Averill Park 71
Stout, Musician Frederick H.,
transferred to band 114
Strevell, Lieutenant Clarence,
regimental adjutant 22
24, 25
promoted to regimental
' adjutant 28
Sumner, General Samuel S., U.
S. A 260
ordered shrapnel to be
used instead of solid
shot . . .' 261
Sullivan, Begimental Sergeant-
Major Daniel P., promoted
lieutenant 148
Sullivan, Lieutenant Michael. . 48
mustered in 47
Sun, the newspaper 307, 333
Susquehanna river, Pennsyl-
vania 106
Sweeney, Private William,
died . . 148
PAGE
Switzerland 40
Syracuse, New York, Forty-
first Separate Company of . . 85
TALCOTT, WILLIAM A., JR.,
died of fever and peritonitis, 254
Tampa, Florida. . . 53, 54, 56, 61, 63
65, 75, 81, 138, 134, 135
136, 137, 139, 140, 163, 164
166, 167, 175, 183, 184, 194
196, 356, 267, 269, 277, 295
Second Eegiment, New
York Volunteers ordered
to 52
terrific thunder storm at, 57-58
Seventy-first Eegiment or-
dered to 161, 177
Tampa Bay .•. 184
187, 191, 194, 198, 200, 202
Tampa Bay Hotel, Florida \184
Army Corps headquarters
at 178
Tampa Camp, Florida 63, 66
Tampa Heights, Florida 56
173, 174, 184, 185, 187
, 188, 190, 211, 293
Taylor, Private Carlton W.,
died 29
Tennessee, Second Eegiment,
detailed to provost guard. . . 104
Tenth Battalion, companies A,
B, C, D, of Albany 17, 18, 42
Tenth Eegiment, National
Guard 43
Tenth Eegiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 67
two corporals and several
privates of, interred near
Sevilla, Cuba 333
Tenth Eegiment Infantry, U.
S. A 113, 216
Terry, First Lieutenant David, 28
resigned 27
Tettamore, Assistant Surgeon
Frank L. E 129
Thayer, Private Charles L.,
died 63
Thedford Ford Eoad, Chicka-
mauga battlefield 51
Third Army Corps, Second Di-
vision 133
Third Division 135, 136
Third Artillery, United States
Army 24
Third Battalion, Second Eegi-
ment, New York Volun-
teers 61, 64, 78, 80
companies H, G, E, F mus-
tered in 46
mustered out of United
States service 81
fifteen deaths 81
422
General Index.
PAGE
Third Battalion, Third Eegi-
ment, New York Volun-
teers 87, 91, 93, 105
praised for conduct while
on duty as provost
guard 94
companies I, K, L and D
detailed for provost duty, 95
on duty as provost guard, 104
Third Battalion, Seventy-first
Eegimeiit 335
led by Major Keck, among
first troops to arrive on
San Juan Hill, Cuba 334
companies B and L or-
dered to march to Santi-
ago and take transport
for Montauk, Long Is-
land 388
Third Division, Fourth Army
Corps 62, 66, 67, 71, 146
Third Division Hospital, Fer-
nandina, Florida 70, 76
Third Eegiment Artillery,
New York Volunteers 107
Third Regiment Cavalry, U. S.
A 67, 303
Third liegiment Infantry,
U. S. A 220
Third Regiment Infantry,
Missouri 91, 103, 105
came into Camp Alger 89
presented vidth loving cup
by Third New York Eegi-
ment 106
Third Eegiment Infantry,
Ohio 67, 135, 136, 140, 146
Third Eegiment Infantry,
Pennsylvania 67, 71
Third Separate Company, of
Oneonta 17, 43
became company G, First
Eegiment 18
Thirteenth Battalion, National
Guard, New York 47, 48
Third Brigade, National Guard
of 45
Thirteenth Eegiment Infan-
try 194, 233
made gallant charge on
block house at extreme-
left 364
Thirteenth Eegiment Infantry,
National Guard, New York, 156
Thirtieth Eegiment Infantry,
Indiana, company A 257
Thirtieth Separate Company,
National Guard, New
York, of Elmira.. 84
93, 107, 109, 110, 113
113, 120, 121, 122
PAGE
Thirtieth Separate Company,
National Guard, New
York:
became company D, Third
Eegiment 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Thirty-second Eegiment In-
fantry, Michigan 66, 67, 135
Thirty-first Separate Company,
of Mohawk, New York. . 49
designated company G 46
Thirty-second Separate Com-
pany, of Hoosick Falls,
New York 49
designated company M 46
Thirty-third Separate Com-
pany, of Walton 17
became company F, First
Eegiment 18
Thirty-fourth Separate Com-
pany, of Geneva 83
84, 87, 108, 115
became company B, Third
Eegiment 85
mustered out of United
States service 107
Thirty-sixth Separate Com-
pany, of Schenectady. . . .49
designated company IS.... 46
Thirty-seventh Separate Com-
pany, of Schenectady 49
designated company F.... 46
Thirty-eighth Separate Com-
pany, National Guard, New
York 116
Thirty-fourth street, New
York 155, 299, 303
Thirty-fourth street ferry,
New York 132
Thompson, Private Charles H.,
died 30
Thompson, Second Lieutenant
John M., promoted first lieu-
tenant '. . 183
Thompson, Second Lieiitenant
William Leland 63
private, mustered in as
second lieutenant 59
commissioned second lieu-
tenant, 301st Eegiment,
New York Volunteers... 61
resigned 61
Thoroughfare, Virginia 103
Thoroughfare Gap, Virginia.. 104
105, 106, 134, 135
Thorp, Edward Y., died of dis-
ease 248
Thurston, Dr 274
Thurston, Mrs 274
TifEt, Captain DeSolvo H., mili-
tary record of 116
General Index.
423
PAGE
TifEt, Captain De Solvo H.:
mustered out 116
Tillinghast, Adjutant-General
C. Whitney, ordered regi-
ment recruited to twelve
companies 128
Tod, Commissary J. Kennedy,
formerly of Seventy-first
Regiment 181
Todd, Private Hiram C, ap-
pointed second lieutenant,
202nd Regiment, New York
Infantry 61
Tompkins, Captain Robert Ful-
ton 37
Tonawanda, New York 86
Twenty-fifth Separate
Company of .' . 84
Towne, Hospital Steward Os-
car H. G., military record
of 112
died 112
Townsend, Captain Eugene De
Kay 176
TowQsend, First Lieutenant
Ruf us Martin 48
appointed chief commis-
sary of subsistence 56
appointed commissary of
subsistence. United
States service 79
discharged from United
States service 79
Tracy (Tracey), Private James,
died 148
Transports, order of advance
of American transports from
Florida to Cuba 195
Treanor (Trainor), Captain
John Patrick 48, 68
Tribune, the newspaper 226
Trinity, rang its chimes as
Seventy-first Regiment pa-
rade passed 299
Troops A and C, acted as es-
cort 46
Troy, New York 55, 63
66, 70, 71, 73, 74
75, 76, 78, 79, 80
city hospital 76, 77
company A, Sixth Separate
Company of 48
company C, twelfth Sepa-
rate Company of 48
company D, Twenty-first
Separate Company of... 48
State Armory., refresh-
ments served to return-
ing soldiers at 73
Trull, Lieutenant William E.,
Jr., wounded in action at
San Juan Hill, Cuba 231, 244
PAGE
Tuck, Hospital Steward Alex-
ander C 123
military record of 112
nauster ed out 113
Tucker, First Lieutenant Her-
man Alvin 26
Tuite, Second Lieutenant
James J 129
promoted captain 147
Turkey Creek, Florida 53
Twelfth Battalion, First Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers, Fifth Sepa-
rate Company 17, 43
Fourteenth Separate Conx-
pany 17, 43
Fifteenth Separate Com-
pany 17, 43
Sixteenth Separate Com-
pany 17, 43
Twenty-fourth Separate
Company 17, 43
Twelfth Regiment, National
Guard, New York 39
Twelfth Regiment Infantry,
New York Volunteers 83
Twelfth Regiment Infantry,
U. S. A 186, 150
Twelfth Separate Company, of
Troy 48
designated company C 46
Twentieth Regiment Infantry, 216
Twentieth Separate Company,
of Binghamton 17
became company H, First
Regiment IS
Twenty-first Separate Com-
pany, of Troy 47, 48
designated company D 46
Twenty-second Regiment, of
New York 47, 87
company E 109, 126
Twenty-second Regiment In-
fantry, Kansas 89, 92, 105
Twenty-second Separate Com-
pany, of Saratoga
Springs, New York 49
designated company L 46
Twenty-second street. New
York 155
Twenty-third Regiment Infan-
'try, U. S. A 216
Twenty-third street ferry. New
York 133
Twenty-fourth Regiment, regu-
lars 220.
233, 257, 267
made gallant charge on
block house at extreme
left at San Juan 264
Twenty-fourth Separate Com-
pany, of Middletown. . . . 17
424
General Index.
PAGE
Twenty-fourth Sepai-ate Com-
pany:
became company I, First
Kegiment 18
Twenty-fifth Separate Com-
pany, of Tonawanda. ... 84
112, 118, 119
became company G, Third
Eegiment 86
mustered out of United
States service 107
Twenty-ninth Separate Com-
pany, of Medina 84
93, 108, 117, 118
became company F, Third
Begiment 86
mustered out of United
States service 107
Two Hundred and First Kegi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 60, 61
Two Hundred and Second Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 27
60, 61, 80, 82, 93, 109
Two Hundred and Third Regi-
ment Infantry, New York
Volunteers 66, 115
UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD. . 20
United States 41, 83
128, 154, 155, 158, 174, 304
Adjutant-General 32
33, 34, 39
all terms of surrender
favorable to 244
annexation ceremonies of
transfer of Hawaiian
Islands to 23
Army . . 33, 34, 36
111, 132, 157, 158, 194
216, 220, 256, 267, 284
engages in its first bat-
tle on Cuban soil at
Las Guasimas 216
Engineer Corps 230
First Artillery. . 39, 40, 42
Third Artillery 24
Fifth Artillery 107
First Cavalry 151
Fifth Cavalry 86
Eighth Cavalry 113
First Regiment Cav-
alry, commonly
known as Roosevelt
Rough Riders 216
217, 218, 228
encountered Spanish
troops in the jungle, 216
Third Regiment of
Cavalry 303
Fifth Infantry 113
PAGE
United States:
Army:
Seventh Infantry 47
Tenth Infantry 113
Twelfth Infantry, 136, 150
Fourth Regiment In-
fantry, regulars .... 287
Sixth Regiment Infan-
try, regulars 177, 185
217, 223, 227, 236
258, 260, 264, 282
ordered to proceed
to transports at
Port Tampa,
Florida 192
moved to the right
at San Juan 267
Ninth Regiment Infan-
try, regulars 264
Thirteenth Regiment
Infantry, regulars,
made gallant charge
on block house at
extreme left 264
Sixteenth Regiment In-
fantry, regulars, 177
217, 223, 236, 258, 260
264, 282, 285, 293
ordered to proceed
to transports at
Port Tampa, Flor-
ida 192
moved to the right
at San Juan 267
band of, played
martial airs as
transport swung
into the Carib-
bean 290
Twenty-fourth Regi-
ment Infantry,
regulars 267
made gallant charge
on block house at
extreme left 264
Hospital Corps 70
United States authorities 273
at Washington, directed
General Shafter to re-
move all troops to 286
United States Cavalry service, 178
United States generals, sent
letter to government urging
the return of troops to their
homes in the States 287
United States Government,
transport ship 199
United States marines had
successful scrimmage with
Spaniards at Guantanamo,
Cuba 216
General Index.
425
PAGE
United States Military Acad-
emy 39
40, 41, 42, 43, 109, 175
216, 820, 256, 259
United States, Mindora, dis-
patch boat, carried first ac-
coiint to, of landing of Shatt-
er's army 316
United States Navy 218
United States Postmaster, of
Cuba, Mr. Brewer, died of
yellow fever 243
United States post-ofBce,
opened at Siboney, Cuba 243
United States Regulars, made
their wants known and re-
ceived all kinds of delicacies, 294
United States Senate 171, 181
service 42
55, 76, 79, 80, 81, 82, 86
111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116
117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122
123, 125, 126, 132, 153, 156
157, 178, 188, 302
United States Troops, returned
the fire with heaviest
musketry fire of whole
engagement 239
lay in trenches, expecting
an attack 240
yellow fever made its ap-
pearance among 243
first shot from their can-
non fired at San Juan
without effect 260
and volunteers mixed, in
charge up San Juan Hill,
Cuba 264
five regiments in victorious
charge up San Juan Hill,
Cuba 264
swamp fever began to de-
velop among those at the
front 268
enlisted men of, forbidden
to enter Santiago, Cuba, 273
only such ofBcers as had
a pass allowed to enter
Santiago, Cuba 273
so many deaths among,
that customary salutes
at the graves were or-
dered not to be fired 275
brought water in canteens
from a stream a mile
and a half distant 276
who went ashore at Guan-
ica, attacked 307
United States vessels 197
United States Volunteer Army, 45
160, 304, 305
PAGE
United States Volunteers 33
34, 39, 42, 45, 55
62, 78, 114, 122
First Engineers 52
55, 56, 62
service 79
Signal Corps 76
United States, war between
Spain and 153, 305
Ute expedition 44
Utica, Forty-fourth Separate
Company of 17
VALENTINE, PRIVATE WIL-
LIAM S., company C,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba. . .*. 244
Van Deusen, Private Wright,
company I) 59
Van De Water, Chaplain George
Roe 153
158, 160, 161, 166, 167, 172
173, 174, 176, 178, 183, 184
189, 190, 191, 205, 206, 212
217, 222, 227, 228, 238, 239
240, 247, 269, 314, 315
detailed to prepare itiner-
ary of regiment 152
offers prayer for Divine
protection 155
detailed to act as caterer
to officers' mess 160
went to Tampa for medical
supplies 178
telegraphs to friends for
delicacies for the sick... 179
responded to address 181
relieved of duties as ca-
terer . . 209
his successful landing 214
impressive evening service, 221
memorable Sunday service
with assembled regi-
ment 221, 222
ordered by colonel to take
his place with surgeons, 231
detailed to Siboney to look
after transportation of
wounded men 242
assigned to duty at Sib-
oney, Cuba 268
his wardrobe well depleted, 270
with Messrs. Barrett and
Brittain, started on foot
for Santiago to procure
provisions and medicines
for the sick 270
secured from Red Cross
Society, milk and rice
for the sick 280
426
General Index.
PAGE
Van De Water, Chaplain George
Eoe:
invited to oificiate at the
funeral of a Seventh
Eegiment regular, pri-
vate 281
divine service in Young
Men's Christian -Associa-
tion tent 288
assisted by Chaplain Bate-
man in church service
for burial at sea 290
detailed by Colonel Dovsrus
to secure food from Ked
Cross Society 292
offered his services at Gen-
eral Hospital 293
given thirty days' leave of
absence by General
Wheeler 295
Van Gaasbeck, Sergeant Wal-
ter E., died 30
Van Keuren, Private George,
died 30
Vaughan, Private Michael, in-
jured in wreck 145
Veteran Association, Seventy-
first Regimental Infan-
try, National Guard,
NevF York 180, 188
committee of, greeted Sev-
enty-first Regiment at
Long Island City 397
" Vigilancia," transport ship.. 153
184, 198, 199, 300, 307, 213
213, 218, 246, 377, 381, 305
selected by Colonel Dovsrns
to transport Seventy-
first Regiment to Cuba, 197
Virginia 103, 104
Volunteer Army 155, 156, 158
Engineers, Second Regi-
ment 33, 33
Von Ette, Arthur, died on
board " Missouri," at sea 352
Vossler, Captain Wilbur 26
lieutenant, promoted .... 28
Vunk, Captain Darwin E 49
WADE, MAJOR=QENERAL
JAMES F., First Army
Corps 52
Wager, Quartermaster-Ser-
geant Chester G 47
Wagner (Wadner), William
(Christian F. W.), enlisted.. 114
Wagstaffi, Mrs. Walter H., New
York 180
Waielae, Hawaiian Islands.... 23
Waielae Beach, Hawaiian Is-
lands 34
PAGE
Wainwright, Lieutenant-Com-
mander Richard, of
Gloucester, asked per-
mission to enter Harbor
of Guanica 306
complimented for his work
by General Miles 307
his official report on the
capture of Guanica, 307, 308
Lieutenant Huse's report
of the capture of Guan-
ica, to 308, 309
siirprise of Guanica a com-
plete success 309
his contempt for mines and
and torpedoes worthy of
Farragut 309
his modesty in account of
capture of Guanica 309
presented Spanish flag
captured at Guanica to
Lieutenant Huse 309
commended for his gal-
lantry and daring 310
collected all the lighters
in Guanica Harbor 310
his report on the Santiago
fight 311, 312
wonderful escape of Glou-
cester at Santiago fight, 313
Wales, Private Edward D.,
company A, injured 58
Walker, Private Le Roy E.,
company Ei, transferred to
Hospital Corps, United
States Army 70
Wallace, George Ernest, com-
pany I. . . .' 28
second lieutenant, re-
signed 27
Walsh, William J., died of fe-
ver 249
Walton, Samuel J., died of dis-
ease 348
Walton, Thirty-third Separate
Company 17
Wands, Private Robert, died.. 29
War, Articles of 189
War, Secretary of 32
33, 55, 61, 70
War Department 34, 36, 40
51, 66, 71, 78, 79, 87, 91, 140
Investigating Commission,
inspected camp of Sixty-
ninth Regiment 151
Ward, Lieutenant Philip R.,
Fifth Artillery, U. S. A 76
Warden, Private Fred, died 30
W a r d 1 a w, Sergeant-Major
George A 123
military record of Ill
mustered out Ill
General Index.
427
PAGE
Ward Line 163, 197
Wardman, Ervin, of the Press, 318
Warren, Private Eugene, com-
pany A S5
Warrentown, Virginia, gener-
osity of citizens of 104
Washington, D. C 32
33, 34, 36, 39, 40, 51, 63
64, 72, 88, 93, 104, 166
167, 295
authorities at, directed
General Shafter to re-
move all troops to United
States 286
Garfield Hospital, at 105
General Hospital for In-
sane, at 76
Washington Arch, New York
city. Seventy-first Regi-
mental parade began at 299
Washington's Sword and Fred-
erick the Great, history of, 5, 9
Watch Hill, Rhode Island 254
Watertown, New York 349
Watson, Private Harry S.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Watson, Private Worden A.,
discharged 70
Watt, Mrs. Archibald, New
York 180
Wauhatchie, Tennessee 175
Waverly Place, New York city, 298
Weber, Second Lieutenant
Henry H., military rec-
ord of 120
mustered out 120
Webster, Second Lieutenant
Horace, appointed sec-
ond lieutenant 115
military record of 115
resigfned 115
Weeks, Private Charles J.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 345
Weller, Private Alfred C, died, 80
Wells, Second Lieutenant Al-
bert 49
Wells, Private Granville I.,
died 30
Wells, Captain James Hollis,
superintended the laying
of water pipes at Canip
Black 162
promoted major 182
major 223
his report of action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 236, 237
detailed to build bridges
and improve roads 241
PAGE
Wendland, Emil, died of ty-
phoid fever 249
Wesoott (Westcott), Alfred A.,
transferred to band 114
West, Private Tracy E., died.. 68
Westburg, New York 254
Westerberg, Private Leonard,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
West Indies 184
West Point Military Academy, 39
41, 42, 43, 109, 175
216, 220, 256, 259
Wetherbee (Gardner) and
Hawk, Messrs., dinner to ofS-
cers of Seventy-'first Regi-
ment 303
Weyman, First Lieutenant
Frederick H 183
appointed battalion adju-
tant 182
Weyler, General Don Valeri-
ano y Nicolau 214
Whalen, Private John J 65
Wheeler, General Joseph, U. S.
A 149, 151, 295
rallied cavalry troops 320
Wheeler, Priva^^e Oscar R.,
died 29
Wheeling, West Virginia 132
Wheelock, First Lieutenant
William P... '. . 25
White, Secpnji Lieutenant Ed-
ward J 48
mustered in as first lieu-
tenant 59
White, Hjil^barfi W., company
, A, di.e.d of yellow fever 247
Whitehall, North Carolina 108
Whitehall, New York, Ninth
Separate Company of . . . 49
State Armory at 81
Whitehall street, New York
city '.' 398
Whittle, Captain John Henry,
promoted major 182
detailed to build bridges
and improve roads 341
Williams, First Lieutenant
Alexander Scott 186
194, 237
Williams, Edgar E., died of
fever 249
Williams, Private James T.,
died of yellow fever 253, 381
Williams, Colonel William P.,
First Florida 135
Williamson, Private Esek B„
appointed second lieutenant,
201st Regiment, New York
Volunteers 60
428
General Index.
PAGE
Wilson and Brown Infirmary. . 143
Wilson, First Lieutenant John
S., appointed assistant
surgeon Second Kegi-
ment, New York Volun-
teers 47
resigned to accept position
of surgeon, Twenty-sec-
ond Regiment 47
Wilson, W. O., artist at the
front 316
Wilson, Private Warren P.,
company K, died 75
Wilson, Captain William, Thir-
ty-fourth- Separate Com-
pany 38, 84
major 87, 97, 123
military record of 108
mustered out 108
Windward Passage 206
Winthrop, Lieutenant and Kegi-
ment Quartermaster Bron-
son 21, 23, 24, 25
Witherstine, Captain Horatio
P 49
Wolf Eun Shoals, Virginia 98
Welters, Musician Frederick,
Jr., wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 245
Women's Aid Society, served
refreshments to troops 303
Women's Relief Corps served
refreshments to the men . . . 104
Wood, Major, Division Sur-
geon 289
Wood, First Lieutenant Frank-
lin Thomas 26
promoted 28
Wood, Colonel Leonard 192
216, 260
false report of his death. . 218
acting as brigadier-gen-
eral 228
Wood, Lieutenant T. C, left
on shore with Colt gun, 307
309
conduct commended 309
and Lieutenant Huse low-
ered Spanish flag and
hoisted ours 307
Wood, First Lieutenant Walter
A., Jr 49
appointed commissary . 52
on ten days' sick leave 66
Woodbeck, Private Burton,
died 30
Woodcock, Corporal Samuel C,
died 79
Woodford, General Stewart L., 153
Woodward, First Lieutenant
Christopher H. R 129
PAGE
Woodward, First Lieutenant
Christopher H. R.:
resigned 150
World, The, New York news-
paper 281
Worthing, First Lieutenant
Harry P 26
Wright, Sergeant Nicholas, in-
jured in wreck 145
Wright, Lieutenant Sylvester
W., not mustered in 47
Wylie, Sergeant John L., died, 75
"YANKEE," cruiser 176
Yates, Major Austin A. . 60, 72, 78
mustered in 46
commanding Fifteenth
Battalion, National
Guard 47, 49
left Tampa on recruiting
service 56
mustered out of United
States service 81
Yates Ford, Virginia 99
Yattan (Yattau), Musician
Frank A 114
Yauco, Spanish reinforcements
coming from, driven back by
fire from Gloucester 307, 308
Ybor City, Florida, Cuban set-
tlement 183
184, 185, 188, 193, 194
Yellow fever, called " Calen-
tura," Dangui, or Cuban fe-
ver 276
Yellow Fever Hospital 281
Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. . 41
Young Men's Christian Associ-
ation 284
Army Commission, its
small tent used as hos-
pital for regiment 269
divine service and social
gatherings of regiment
held in its large tent. . . . 269
represented by Charles F.
Barrett and Charles A.
Brittain 269
distributed over 20,000
sheets of paper and
10,000 envelopes 270
Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation Army Commis-
sion, headquarters of . . . 2S3
large tent given by,
brought out and erected
for use of enlisted men, 282
tent given to Seventy-first
Regiment Infantry,
New York Volun-
teers 174
General Index.
429
PAGE
Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation :
tent:
divine services held in,
by Chaplain Van
De Water 288
270, 286
Yonkers, New York 247
Yorktovyn, Virginia 40
Young, Minister 38
Young farm, Pennsylvania.... 106
Young, Brigadier-General Sam-
uel B. M., United States
Army 166
his brigade of cavalry 218
disabled in Las Guasimas
action 228
Young, Private Thomas, died.. 148
Young, Color Bearer William
B., military record of... 113
mustered out 113
PAOE
Young, Sergeant William D. S., 283
died of mountain fever, 249, 280
buried west of entrench-
ments near Santiago,
Cuba 280
Youngs, Sergeant George B.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
Youngs, Private Lewis B.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba 244
ZIEQNER, SERGEANT HER-
MAN, died of fever 249
Zitnik, Private Henry W.,
wounded in action at San
Juan Hill, Cuba...^ 244
Zogbaum, Bufus ¥., artist 318
Zoller, Frank H., died of inter-
mittent fever 251
THE END.
IVIY NIBMOIRS
OF THB
Military History of the State of New York
DURING THE
WAR KOR THE UNION, 1S61-65
BY
COLOKBL SILAS W. BURT
Former Assistant Inspector General, National Guard, State of New York.
Edited by the STATE HISTORIAN, and Issued as War op Thi{
Rebellion Series — ^Bulletin, No. 1.
PREFACE.
WHILE serving in the military establishment of the State
of New York during the war of 1861-65 and later —
in all about eight years — I kept occasional notes of such events
and transactions as I had any connection or acquaintance with,
and copies of printed reports and other literature pertaining to
military matters. I had then no formulated purpose as to the
future use for these data.
After the war ended I frequently urged upon Governor Morgan
the preparation by some competent literary man of an account of
the remarkable military accomplishment by the State of New York,
during his second administration in 1861-62; saying that, both from
a public and a personal view, he could well afford to pay liberally
for such a permanent record. I think he did engage Dr. Cornelius
R. Agnew of this city, who had been a member ofi his staff in
1859-60, to prepare such an account, but for some reason it was
never done, nor was I ever called upon for my data, which I had
placed at the Governor's disposal.
Unfortunately the greater part of my diaries, memoranda and
other papers were lost in the fire that destroyed the Morrill Storage
Warehouse in this city in October, 1881. This loss and the death
of Governor Morgan in the spring of 1883 for a while put the
matter out of my mind. Three years later, having collected some
material but with a larger dependence on my memory, I began to
write my memoirs of the relation of the State to the whole war
and had concluded the part covered by Governor Morgan's admin-
4 Annual Report of the State Historian.
istration when other more urgent matters diverted my attention
and the subsequent misplacement of the manuscript, etc., wholly
arrested my completion of the work. The recent recovery of the
manuscript and its acceptance by Mr. Hastings, State Historian,
for incorporation in his annual report will preserve some aspects of
an important part of the history of our State. In revising it now
I have added a few notes and appendices regarding matters of inter-
est that have recently occurred to me. These memoirs make no
pretention to literary merit, and the desultory manner in whichthey
were prepared has bred some repetitions that seemed necessary to
illustrate topics in hand, but I trust they may furnish some material
to the future historian who shall tell in fullness and in fitting phrase
the glorious story of how the Empire State met a great crisis in the
fate of the Nation.
As in most of the events and transactions mentioned I had a part,
their recital may have a personal or even egotistical flavor, but this
I assume is so natural or incidental to such memoirs as not to require
apology.
I cannot determine whether I shall be able to continue the
memoirs to the close of the war. The later period is not so impor-
tant or interesting, except as to the draft riots of July, 1863, and to
ihe extraordinary and excessive expenditures of bounties to fill
quotas of localities or furnish substitutes for drafted men. Very
few regimental or other organizations were begun or completed
during this later period and most of the enlistments were for the
recruitment of regiments in the field.
It is a somewhat melancholy thought that I am the sole survivor
of those who served on Governor Morgan's "War" Staff; I am
however becoming used to finding myself " the last leaf ", that
Holmes depicts, on quite a grove of trees.
S. W. B.
New York City, April 25, 1902.
INTRODUCTORY.
As these memoirs are necessarily personal to some extent, I
will give a very brief account of how, without any previous
military training or connection, I became absorbed ijj that branch
of the New York State service for nearly eight years and during
the most critical period of our national history.
The project of a trans-continental railroad, first actively pressed
by a Mr. Whitney, had in 1858-9 gained such strength in Congress
as to make its early prosecution seem imminent. As a consequence,
and at the instance of Mr. Horace Greeley, I spent a large portion
of the year i860 in that part of the Rocky Mountain regicai then
popularly known as " Pike's Peak," though extending a hundred
miles north of it. It was my idea that I could so acquaint myself
with the larger topographical features of that region, which seemed
to present the most formidable obstacle to the railway, as to make
my engagement as locating engineer probable, if not indispensable,
when the work began. Mr. Greeley in October wrote me that the
coming Presidential election and the conditions of popular feeling,
North and South, would indefinitely postpone the railroad scheme.
We therefore returned to my father's house in Kinderhook, N. Y.,
about January i, 1861. I was without employment and very anx-
ious to obtain some business engagement, but the threatening
attitude of the Southern States and the consequent business dis-
tractions and paralysis were insuperable impediments.
6 Annual Report of the State Historian.
On the 1 6th of February the New York State Legislature had
appropriated the sum of $50,000 for the relief of the people of Kan-
sas Territory suffering from the great drought of the previous year
and my father had been selected as the agent to dispense this
bounty. This task he completed in March and was settling his
accounts with Comptroller Denniston at Albany, when, on April
i6th, the law was enacted, appropriating $3,000,000 for the organi-
zation and equipment of volunteers to aid in repressing the rebellion.
My father was requested to aid in auditing the accounts for expendi-
tures under this act.
In the meantime I remained at Kinderhook, my impatience with
lack of work, being mitigated by some temporary employment and
by that absorbing interest in the great national drama that held
every one's attention more or less. Perceiving that the immediate
field of the contest would be in Virginia, I cast about for a good
map of that State on such a scale as would give a clear idea of mili-
tary positions and movements, but could find none in the village.
In the pursuit of my profession as a civil engineer I had collected
many railroad and other maps, and fortunately had a series of the
U. S. Coast Survey reports, containing charts of the Chesapeake
Bay and other Virginia and Maryland waters, and of the rivers flow-
ing into them. I was thus enabled to construct a map on a scale
of eight miles to the inch, permitting the representation of such
topc^aphical details as were known to me. On one of his visits
home my father insisted on taking this map to Albany, and he
showed it to the Inspector General, Marsena R. Patrick, a former
officer of the regular army, who took it to Governor Morgan and
asked permission to appoint me as a clerk in his office, saying that
while I would not be needed for map-making he believed that my
education and experience would be very useful in the work of
War of the Rebellion Series. 7
organizing and equipping troops. The result was my appointment
as a clerk in the Inspector General's office at a salary of one thou-
sand dollars a year.
I fepaired to Albany to report for duty on Monday, May 27th,
and found the city in great excitement on account of the funeral
services of Col. Elmer E. Ellsworth of the nth N. Y. S. Vol. Infan-
try, assassinated at Alexandria, Va., on the previous Friday, and
whose body was then en route to Saratoga County to be interred
there.
I was very kindly received by General Patrick and began my
service in the State military department, little thinking that it would
continue for nearly eight years, and was also the beginning of a long
term in the public service extending to this date.
SILAS W. BURT.
April 25, 1887.
No. J.
FIRST LEVY— APRIL 15 TO JUNE 30, 186 J.
IN the history of the great rebellion of 1861 no incident has been
more dwelt upon than the absolutely unprepare^ condition of
the Free States to meet the shock. There had been for many years
premonitions of the great revolt, but successive compromises had
relieved the situation, and the public mind at the North had finally
concluded that despite the outcry there was no wolf across the bor-
der. The Federal army was insignificant in numbers and whether
by chance or design, its largest collected force was in Texas and
so early as February i8th was treacherously surrendered to the
rebel forces by General David E. Twiggs, its commanding officer,
and was released only upon a parole that disarmed many loyal offi-
cers at a time when they were sorely needed. By evident design
the greater part of the small arms and munitions of war had been
transferred to Southern arsenals before actual hostilities were begun.
Very few of the Free States had an organized militia and where
there was any such organization it was very feeble compared with
the great mass of population. The Adjutant General of the Army
reported on the ist of January, 1861, that the enrolled militia in the
Free States (excepting Iowa and Oregon, from which there were
no returns) comprised 2,197,236 men,* but of this formidable army
on paper, not over one per cent was in. any respect efficient for mili-
tary purposes. The return from New York was 418,846, but not
* Army Register for 1861, p. 39.
lo Annual •Report of the State Historian.
more than 15,000 of this number were uniformed and drilled and
this State was in this respect far in advance of any other.
Directly after .the war of 1812-15 with Great Britain, the New
York militia was organized upon a very pretentious plan which
contemplated the annual muster and instruction of the whole arms-
bearing population. But gradually as public interest abated, there
crept in exemptions and commutations and such a perfunctory
observance of the law as became farcical and indeed injurious to
the public interests. The military allegiance of the citizens is the
very cornerstone of the republic and in the words of the Federal
Constitution " a well regulated militia " is " necessary to the security
of a free state ". This political canon had been some fifteen years
earlier more positively enunciated in the fortieth article of the first
constitution of the State of New York, where after stating that " it
is the duty of every man who enjoys the protection of society, to be
prepared and willing to defend it ", the constitution " doth ordain,
determine and declare, That the militia of this State, at all times
hereafter, as well in peace as in war, shall be armed and disciplined,
and in readiness for service." A long period of peace had naturally
weakened the force of this principle and probably the isolation of
our country from the other great political powers and our tran-
scendent increase in population and might will always be accounted
a release from the burdens of military preparation such as rest on
other nations. But in 1861 what was worse than lack of provision
existed in the general contempt for military affairs encouraged by
the ridiculous manner in which the great principle of military service
had been treated. It was bewildering to suddenly find the very
existence of the nation depending upon the derided militia of the
country.
In New York there were some fifteen infantry regiments, most of
them comprised in the great cities, that could be immediately called
War of the Rebellion Series. ii
into service with some assurance of their efficiency. Of cavalry or
artillery there was nothing available that was of value. The general
staff had a paper organization and the chiefs of the departments,
known as the " Governor's staff ", occupied positions more orna-
mental than useful. Some attention to military affairs was given by
the Adjutant General, Inspector General and the Commissary, General
of Ordnance, but the only service rendered by other officers of the
staff was an attendance upon the Governor at all ceremonial occa-
sions when their gorgeous uniforms enlivened the ge|ieral sombre-
ness of male attire in these sad-colored days.
The session of the New York Legislature began on January i,
1861, and from the very first day its proceedings were strongly
colored by the great political events in the South, though no mili-
tary legislation was accomplished until four days after the firing of
the first gun at Fort Sumter, when a law was passed providing
for an army of 30,000 men. On April 15th President Lincoln
issued his proclamation calling into service 75,000 militia. This
proclamation was accompanied by a circular letter to Governor
Morgan, requesting him to detach from the militia of the State its
quota of 13,280 officers and men to serve as infantry or riflemen
for a period of three months to be rendezvoused at New York,
Albany and Elmira. On the next day, April i6th, was enacted the
law, subsequently known as Chapter 277, Laws of 1861, authorizing
the enrollment and muster of the 30,000 volunteers " in addition to
the present military organization, and a part of the militia thereof ".
On the 18th Governor Morgan issued a proclamation making a
call for seventeen regiments to serve three months to fill the quota
of the State under the requisition of the Secretary of War of the
iSth. The proclamation provided that these regiments should be
organized under the recent law, and by General Orders No. 13 of
12 Annual Report of the State Historian.
same date the details of organization were published. In fact none
of the regiments so organized was mustered for three months to
fill the quota under the call of April 15th; this was accomplished
by the muster-in of the uniformed militia regiments for that period.
On April 19th the famous Seventh Regiment left New York
city for Washington with a total of 990 men and officers, a marvel-
ous example of speedy recruitment. This notable event was suc-
ceeded the next evening by a grand mass meeting in Union Square
which presented such a unanimous and fervid demonstration of
patriotism as to permanently fix the attitude of the metropolis dur-
ing the contest and to have a great moral effect throughout the
whole North. An outcome of this significant meeting was the
organization of the Union Defense Committee, composed of promi-
nent and active citizens and provided with funds from the city treas-
ury and private contributions. This patriotic body materially aided
the recruiting and equipment of the , militia and volunteer regi-
ments sent from New York city before June ist and extinguished
the last hope of the secessionists that they would find substantial'
sympathy there.* Besides the Seventh Regiment of militia there
went from New York city the Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Twelfth, Sixty-
ninth and Seventy-first Regiments, from Brooklyn the Thirteenth
and Twenty-eighth, from Kingston the Twentieth and from Albany
the Twenty-fifth. All of these regiments left the State during April,
most of themi before the 23d. There is now no doubt but that the
* I find from data kept by me that all the expenditures by this committee
were made between April 21st and July 31st, 1861, and there were paid from
the City Fund $771,933.10 and from funds contributed by citizens $58,338.63,
or a total of $830,271.73. Of this, $226,589.27 were ' spent for arms and
accoutrements; $188,204 for account of the militia regiments, and $415,478.46
for account of volunteer regiments. No part of this amount has ever been
refunded by the United States because of defects and informalities in the
accounts.
War of the Rebellion Series. 13
prompt movement of the militia regiments from Massachusetts and
New York prevented the capture of Washington, which, otherwise
almost defenseless, could have been readily taken by the Virginia
rebels. It is useless to speculate as to the possible course of the
war had the capital of the Union been captured at the very outset
of the rebellion or as to the result on foreign countries of such a
disaster. The militia forces of two loyal Statefe prevented such a
disaster and restored to public confidence and respect that long coti-
temned organization.*
* The promptitude with which the New York militia regiments were for-
warded to the relief of Washington was warmly acknowledged by the Presi-
dent, as shown by the following letters :
War Department,
Washington, April 26, 1861.
To His Excellency E. D. Morgan, Governor of New York:
Dear Sir: I have to repeat the acknowledgments of this Department for
your very prompt and energetic action in sending forward the troops of your
State.
Very truly yours,
Simon Cameron,
Secretary of War.
War Department,
Washington, April 29, 1861.
His Excellency E. D. Morgan, Governor of New York:
My Dear Sirs I have yours of the 24th inst. This Department has again
to acknowledge its many obligations to your Excellency for the promptness
and despatch, with which you have sent forward your troops for the defence
of the capital. I have to request that you will not send any more to this
point until you are further advised. I have the honor to subscribe myself,
Very truly,
Simon Cameron, t
: Secretary of War.
t Simon Cameron was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, March 8,
1799. He learned the printers' trade and at 21 years of age was editor of a
paper in Doylestown and in 1822 was editing a paper in _ Harrisburg, Pa.
He embarked in the banking business and constructed railways in central
Pennsylvania where he laid the foundation for the great fortune which he
subsequently accumulated. He was elected to the United States Senate in
1845 as a Democrat, but later become identified with the " People's Party "
14 Annual Report of the State Historian.
The act of April. i6, 1861, " to authorize the embodying and
equipment of a Volunteer Militia and to provide for the public
defense", was a very faulty law and I think of doubtful constitu-
tionality in devolving upon a board the authority and power to
enroll, muster and discharge from service the troops to be raised.
I believe this power resided solely in the Governor as Commander-
in-Chief, but whether it did or not, the law should have recognized
it in him or conferred it upon him. Instead of this the Governor
was cojoined with the Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State,
Comptroller, Attorney General, State Engineer and Surveyor and
State Treasurer, an awkward, incongruous and irresponsible body.
The attempt to administer military affairs by a council or com-
mission has seldom, if ever, been successful. In the present instance
there were from the beginning a lack of harmony and an official
jealousy that interfered with the satisfactory administration of the
law. The officers comprising the board were Governor Edwin D.
Morgan, Lieutenant-Governor Robert Campbell, Secretary of State
David R. Floyd- Jones, Attorney General Charles G. Myers, State
Engineer Van Rensselaer Richmond and Treasurer Philip
Dorsheimer.
The Governor's staff as appointed on January ist were Adjutant
General J. Meredith Read, Inspector General William A. Jackson,
Engineer-in-Chief Chester A. Arthur, Judge Advocate General
William Henry Anthon, Surgeon-General S. Oakley Vander Poel,
Quartermaster General .Cuyler Van Vechten, Paymaster General
which subsequently consolidated with the Republicans. He was candidate
for President in i860 and Mr. Lincoln recognized his power and ability by
calling him to his Cabinet as Secretary of War. He resigned his position,
however, January n, 1862, and was appointed as Minister to Russia, which
position he held until the following November, when he resigned. In 1866
he was again returned to the United States Senate and returned for the
fourth time in 1873, but resigned in favor of his son, James Donald Cameron.
For forty-five years he was the acknowledged Czar of Pennsylvania politics.
He died June 26, 1889.
War of the Rebellion Series. 15
Thomas B. Van Buren, Aides-de-Camp Edwin D. Morgan, Jr.,
Samuel D. Bradford and Elliott F. Shepard; Military Secretary
John H. Linsly.
The Legislature adjourned on April i6th, the very day that the
bill became a law. The board of State officers formed by the act
was immediately convened, the Governor being made its chairman
and Mr. Linsly its secretary. The Governor's proclamation, already
referred to, was made on the i8th, on which date the General Orders
(No. 13) were issued providing for the immediate organization of
seventeen regiments in four brigades and two divisions to fill the
quota upon the requisition for three months men, but the orders
provided that the force should be enrolled for the term of two years,
unless sooner discharged. The organization of companies and regi-
ments was that prescribed as the minimum in the regular army,
except that the rank of second lieutenant was named ensign and
assistant surgeon as surgeon's mate (and so continued to January,
1863). The unit of organization was the company, which might be
accepted when the rolls had been signed by not less than thirty-two
nor more than seventy-seven persons and then transmitted to the
Adjutant General, who, if the inspection ordered by him was satis-
factory, might accept the company and order an election of the
commissioned and non-commissioned officers by the members of
the accepted company. This election was necessary because the
law having necessarily recognized the force as a part of the militia,*
it was subject to the second section of the eleventh article of the
State Constitution, which provided for the election of all company
and field officers and brigadier generals. After the election the
* The U. S. Constitution contemplates the militia as a State institution and
forbids any State " to keep troops in tiipe of peace " without the consent of
Congress. It is manifest that the only military force that can be authorized
by a State is a part of the militia of that State.
i6 Annual Report of the State Historian.
accepted company was ordered to one of the three military depots
and the officers of any six or more companies, not exceeding ten,
assembled at any depot, and indicating the choice of the same per-
sons as field officers could hold an election for the same, who being
commissioned would be put in command.
The issue of the orders caused a general excitement throughout
the State and recruiting was started in eyery county by active men
aspiring to become commissioned officers. At the capitol at Albany
there was a constant concourse of interested men from every part
of the State, anxious to encourage or advise, or to procure commis-
sions or the acceptance of companies on their own account or on
behalf of friends. The Adjutant Getieral's quarters were enlarged
by adding the adjacent room, used as the Assembly Library, and
a corps of clerks was employed to undertake the new and enlarg-
ing affairs of that office. Adjutant General Read was a man of
good Philadelphia parentage who had married an Albany lady of
wealth. He had an excellent education and had been prominent
in local political matters as a leader of the Republican " Wide-
awakes " the previous autumn. He would have made a fair officer
in the piping times of peace, but the sudden exigencies of 1861 were
too much for his capacity, mental or physical. His assistant,
Colonel Duncan Campbell, was an indolent man who declined any
part in the new work, addicting himself entirely to the old militia
routine matters. General Read was industrious and zealous, and
had as an official adviser Captain Edmund Schriver,* of Troy, and
* Edmund Schriver was a native of Pennsylvania; graduated from
West Point in the class of 1833 and was assigned to the Second
Artillery. In 1838 he was appointed captain and assistant adjutant-
general. Four years later he was commissioned captain in the Second
Artillery, where he remained until July 31, 1846, when he resigned.
From '47 to '52 he was treasurer of the Saratoga & Washington
War of the Rebellion Series. ^^
late captain of the Second Artillery and Assistant Adjutant General,
United States Army, who had resigjie'd. Captain Schriver on May
13th was made an aide-de-camp of the Governor vice Colonel
Edwin D. Morgan, Jr., resigned. Later Major Lorenzo Sitgreaves,*
United States Topographical Engineers, became attached to the
headquarters as an adviser. Some aid was also received from Cap-
tain Frank Wheaton, First U. S. Cavalry, on duty at Albany as
recruiting officer .f
Railroad Company, now a part of the Delaware & Hudson system, and from
'47 to '61 he was treasurer of the Saratoga & Schenectady «Railroad Com-
pany and of the Rensselaer & Saratoga. He was president of the Rensselaer
& Saratoga Railroad Company from '51 to '61. At the outbreak of the war
he was appointed hy Governor Morgan as an aide-de-camp with the rank of
colonel. May 14, 1861, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the
Eleventh United States infantry and a year later was transferred to the staff
with the rank of colonel. March 13, 1863, he was commissioned inspector-
general and participated in the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg,
being deputized by General Meade to carry to the War Department thirty-
one battle flags and other trophies from that field. He was brevetted as
brigadier-general and major-general of the United States army for merito-
rious and distinguished services. He was retired January 4, 1881, and died in
Washington, D. C, February 10, 1899.
* Lorenzo Sitgreaves was a native of Pennsylvania. He graduated from
West Point in the class of 1832, and served several years in the" First artil-
lery; he was out of the service two years; reappointed second lieutenant of
topographical engineers in 1838, served through the Mexican War with dis-
tinguished credit; was mustering officer at Albany at the outbreak of hos-
tilities, but was transferred to the west, where he remained until July 10, 1866,
when he was retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of engineers. Died
May 14, 1888, at Washington, D. C, aged 78 years.
t Captain Wheaton was the son-in-law of Col. Samuel Cooper, Adjutant-
General of the U. S. Army, who on the outbreak of hostilities resigned that
position to accept the similar one in the Confederate army. Col. Cooper was
the son-in-law of the Confederate agent, ex-U. S. Senator Mason (Virginia),
who, with his associate, ex-U. S. Senator Slidell (Louisiana), being on his
way to England on the British passenger steamer, the Trent, was forcibly
taken from it by Capt. Wilkes, commanding the U. S. steamer San Jacinto,
and conveyed to Boston. The disavowal of this act by our government pre-
vented the declaration of war by England.
Captain Wheaton was born in Providence, R. I., May 8, 1833. He was
educated as a civil engineer and was occupied in California and in the Mexi-
2
i8 Annual Report of the State Historian.
The three depots were put under command of brigadier generals
of the militia: General Charles Yates at New York, General John F.
Rathbone at Albany and General Robert B. Van Valkenburgh at
Elmira.* These officers were provided with ample stalifs for all pur-
poses of administration. The headquarters of the Quartermaster
General were at Albany and his department was represented at
New York by General Chester A. Arthur, Engineer-in-Chief, and at
Elmira by Captain Charles C. B. Walker. There being no com-
missary officers in the militia organization in those days, the com-
missariat was administered by the Quartermaster General's
department.
In every part of the State there was an excitement and bustle such
as never had been known. Personal ambition and local pride and
rivalry added their stimulus to the painfully vagne promptings of
patriotism. For the first time in half a century this sentiment was
strongly aroused; we had been proud of our country's attractions,
wealth and progress and! aggressively sensitive to all criticism of
our resources, government, society, manners, etc.; but safe from
foreign assault and in the conceit of our omnipotence and immuta-
bility, our love of country had only a superficial expression and we
knew neither its depth nor strength. TKere was much of pathos
in the almost impotent rage of this passion when it was suddenly
can boundary service from 1830 until he was appointed first lieutenant of
the United States Cavalry, March 3, 1855. In July, 1861, he was commis-
sioned lieutenant-colonel of the Second Rhode Island Volunteers, and as
such participated in all the early engagements of the Army of the Potomac,
until his promotion to the command of a division of the Sixth corps, and as
such saw much active service in the Shenandoah Valley. For gallant and
meritorious services at the Opequon, Fishers Hill and Middletown, Va., he
received several brevets, including that of major-general. In July, i866, he
was presented with a sword by his native State for gallant services in the
battle of the Wilderness, Cedar Creek and Petersburg. He was retired the 8th
of May, 1897, as major-general of the United States Army.
*See Appendix B.
War of the Rebellion Series. 19
aroused by the assault upon Fort Sumter; the reverberations of
those guns sent a tremor to every true heart in the North and crys-
taUized there the diluted and solvent sentiment of patriotism. Men,
women and children with feverish ardor sought some means of
expressing this newly roused passion which for a while over-
whelmed all other feelings and interests. The starry flag of the
Union was everywhere displayed and within a week or two every
yard of bunting of appropriate hues in the country was exhausted.
The old familiar airs, "Yankee Doodle", "Hail Columbia", etc.,
had a new and thrilling significance that brought tejfrs to the eye
and tremors to the voice. But all this enthusiasm and exaltation
lacked the depth, the sincerity and tenacity that defeat, deferred
hope, suffering, death and affliction subsequently breathed into it.
The first ebullitions of patriotic fervor were somewhat frothy, and
as will be hereafter noted it affected the character of the first levies
of troops from this State.
The board of State officers advertised for proposals to furnish
uniforms and equipments which were to accord with those pre-
scribed by the State regulations for the militia. It consisted of a
jacket of dark army-blue cloth, cut to flow from the waist and to
fall four inches below the belt; trousers of light army-blue cloth;
overcoat of same, patterned after that of the United States Infantry;
a fatigue cap of dark blue cloth, with a waterproof cover having a
cape attached; two flannel shirts; two pair of flannel drawers; two
pair of woolen socks,- one pair of stout cowhide pegged shoes and
one double Mackinac blanket.
The first opportunity that the women found for a practical dis-
play of their patriotic ardor was in making a gratuitous addition
to this uniform in the shape of a white linen cap-cover with large
cape attached falling over the shoulders. Such a headgear had
20 Annual Report of the State Historian.
been used by the English troops in India and was called a " Have-
lock " after that celebrated general. It was thought our boys would
need them under the fervid rays of the Southern sun, and sewing
societies were organized that soon produced an ample supply, but
I do not think they were much used by our troops. The women
soon found an occupation more necessary, if less pleasant, in the
preparation of lint and bandages for use in field and hospital.
The sudden demands by both general and state governments for
military supplies soon exhausted the stocks on hand and much dif-
ficulty was met in procuring uniforms and blankets. Messrs.
Brooks Brothers of New York city made a contract to furnish
12,000 sets of uniforms, consisting of jacket, trousers and overcoat,
at $19.50 per uniform. In filling this contract and finding the sup-
ply of army kerseys exhausted, they substituted other materials
which proved in active service to be so inferior that great com-
plaints were made and much scandal arose. It was at this time that
we began to apprehend the meaning of the word " shoddy " which
had recently come in vogue. It appeared that the 7,300 poor uni-
forms had been made of gray satinet of poor quality and the gar-
ments had been shabbily trimmed and sewn. The Military Board
wrestled with this matter for some time and made formal inquiries
that disclosed great indifference on the part of the contractors. It
was further shown that four citizens of New York, of high character
for integrity, who were selected by General Arthur to inspect these
uniforms, namely, Wilson G. Hunt, George Opdyke, Charles Buck-
ingham and John Gray, had given certificates of inspection after
a most cursory and inadequate examination. The result was that
Brooks Brothers furnished 2,350 additional uniforms to make good
their deficiencies. The contracts made by the Military Board for
army supplies gave cause for some scandals regarding the State
War of the Rebellion Series. 21
Treasurer, Dorsheimer, and Attorney General, Myers. Amid the
mass of rumors and objurgations regarding the matter I never saw
any reason to doubt the honesty of these officers. The desire to
push the troops forward, the dearth of suitable materials and the
general inexperience of all concerned would account for many
defects without recourse to impugning personal motives. Never-
theless these stories seriously injured the reputation of the officers
named.
There was great difficulty also in obtaining good blankets, and
some of the specimens submitted were ridiculous mixtures of the
coarsest wool, shoddy, hemp and cotton — I recall some that were
actually dangerous as a source of slivers in handling. I brought to
Albany as a sample a pair of five-pound blankets used by my wife
and self on " the Plains " the previous year, but the contractors said
they were unapproachable in quality in the market.
There was not much trouble in obtaining the other clothing, or
the leather accoutrements, and camp equipage, but the question
' cf proper arms was a very troublesome one. Those that the United
States had gradually accumulated in its arsenals had been slyly
transported to the Southern States by the late Secretary of War,
John B. Floyd, an ardent secessionist. The output of our armories,
public and private, was then comparatively small — indeed one of the
former at Harpers Ferry, Va., was dismantled in June, having been
in the hands of the rebels since April. It was evident that recourse
to the European arsenals would become necessary, and agents were
sent thither by the general and state governments to purchase
muskets, and speculators also repaired thither to control if possible
these needful weapons and " corner the market ". It was not a
very creditable enterprise — this trading upon the necessities of an
imperilled fatherland— but the man who has the money-making
22 Annual Report of the State Historian.
instinct generally slakes his auri sacra fames without scruples. All
through the war there was no quality that exceeded in intensity the
avidity of the military contractor, whether dealing in materials or
men. Some of these private transactions in arms resulted in great
public scandals, notably one connected with supplies to troops in
Missouri in 1861, and they certainly were a boon to foreign nations
in clearing their arsenals of antiquated and condemned weapons.
New York escaped these scandals and bad bargains ; so early, as the
24th of April an arrangement was made to send Mr. Jacob R. Schuy-
ler of the firm of Schuyler, Hartley & Graham (of New York) to
Europe to purchase 25,000 stands of arms. Governor M6rgan wrote
at the same time to Lord Palmerston, then the British premier, ask-
ing him under the existing conditions of affairs in this country to
sanction the purchases Mr. Schuyler was authorized to make. The
refreshing simplicity of this letter is a notable illustration, of our
ignorance and anxiety in those first days of warfare. Lord Palmer-
ston doubtless consigned the letter to the wastebasket and conceived
Governor Morgan's avoidance of our minister at the court of St.
James as an evidence that the principle of " State rights " was quite
as orthodox in the Northern as in the Southern States. Under this
arrangement Mr. Schuyler purchased for the State nineteen thou-
sand Enfield muskets which were issued to the two years regiments.
About the same date of the letter to Lord Palmerston an applica-
tion was made to Governor General Head of Canada for leave to
purchase Minie rifles there, who answered that he was prohibited
by law from allowing arms and accoutrements to be taken out of
that Province.
One of the minor incidents of this early period was the excite-
ment at Troy over the discovery that a man, named F. W. Par-
menter, in that city was making a bullet machine upon the improved
War of the Rebellion Series. 23
ordnance patterns used at the United States Arsenal at Watervliet,
N. Y., where Parmenter had been previously employed. Upon the
rumor that he was a "traitor" and was making the machine for
the use of the rebels, a committee of citizens took possession of it
and the matter was brought before the Governor and his associates.
After much investigation it was concluded that Parmenter was inno-
cent of treason and his machine was purchased by the State for
$1,700 and subsequently offered to the United States. I cannot
now recall its ultimate disposition.
Although it was intended that the thirty-eight regiments raised
under the State law should all be organized as infantry, some
arrangements were made under the advice and direction of Major
Richard Delafield, United States Engineers, to procure for the State
some rifled Parrott field pieces, and sixteen such were finally received
and I believe are still in the State arsenals, having never been in
service. There were some ambitious young men who desired
authority to raise cavalry regiments, but this was refused.
The recruiting throughout the State was very active, and so soon
as the proper number were gathered at any point, being not less
than thirty-two nor more than seventy-seven persons, they were
inspected by order of the Adjutant General, usually by some militia
officers, under whose supervision was held an election of the com-
pany officers, commissioned and non-commissioned, and with rolls
and elections duly certified, the company was given transportation
to the nearest of the three general depots. In the enthusiastic feel-
ing of the day, the Hudson River Railroad proposed to carry all
the State troops free and other roads proposed a considerable abate-
ment from! the usual fares. Later this ardor was supplanted by
strictly business views, but under the orders of the War Depart-
ment a maximum rate of two cents per recruit per mile was fixed.
As will be hereafter shown, this ra.^ was reduced in one instance.
24 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Upon arrival at the depots, these companies were sent to the
respective barracks; at Albany these consisted of a large brick build-
ing in the southwestern suburbs of the city, originally built for an
industrial school, and to which were added sundry wooden struc-
tures. The old city soon assumed the aspect of a garrisoned town;
companies were arriving by trains or boat daily and proceeding in
ordinary garb and unarmed but preceded by drum and fife, they
passed to the front of the Capitol, and being there reviewed by the
Adjutant General or some member of the Military Board, marched
thence to the barracks. These finally proved to be inadequate, and
my first official duty on May 28th was to select a camp for two
regiments; after a survey to the north of the city, where nothing
suitable was found, a choice was made of a plot on the land of a Mr.
William E. Haswell, three miles south of the city,* and under the
direction of General Patrick, assisted by the diagram in the United
States Army Regulations, I succeeded in laying out the camp in
excellent shape, being aided by my experience as engineer. The
Sixteenth and Twenty-eighth Regiments were camped here for a
short period and were the only ones at Albany ever under canvas.
But it did not need tents to remind us of the great strife before us;
the usually quiet streets were enlivened by soldiers on leave and
officers, bright in fresh uniforms and bearing themselves with the
air of heroes. A constant throng of visitors poured in and out of
the Capitol' intent upon every shade of interest, personal or public.
Governor Morgan was then in his prime; a man of great bodily
vigor, a sound judgment, of large business experience and also in
public administration, being then in his third year as Governor. At
this period he was hampered by the act that conferred joint powers
in raising troops upon several officers besides himself, and it was
* On what was known as the upper river road in the town of Bethlehem.
War of the Rebellion Series. 25
not until later that he was enabled to display to the best advantage
his rare executive ability. Though Governor Morgan was more
able as a politician than as a statesman, he possessed those business
qualifications that were most useful in his position in those disturbed
and distressful times. Much of interest and value and also much of
twaddle has been written about the " War Governors ", but it is
undeniable that success in the great contest for the Union depended
very largely upon the ability and disposition of the men at the head
of the State governments when that contest began. In the value
of the services thus rendered Governor Morgan was second to none.
On April i8th Major Marsena R. Patrick, President of the State
Agricultural College at Ovid, came to Albany at the Governor's
request and consented to act as general supervisor of disbursements
and auditor of accounts payable from the fund of $3,000,000. (Chap.
277, Laws of 1861.) He was a graduate of the West Point Academy
in 1835 ^i^d had served in the Florida and Mexican wars, having
been in the latter contest chief commissary officer on General Wool's
staf?. He was a man of great firmness and integrity of character,
well versed in military affairs and having friendly personal relations
with all the army officers. He had resigned from the army and
been engaged in other business for about ten years. His advice in
regard to the propriety of purchases on military account, form of
vouchers and their proper certification and on all matters concern-
ing the equipment of troops was invaluable. My father was assigned
as an expert accountant to assist General Patrick about May ist and
I was engaged as an additional clerk on May 27th. Upon my
father's resignation on August isth to become a payrpaster in the
army, I succeeded as auditor of military accounts, serving as such
until January i, 1869, and thus becoming acquainted with all matters
connected with the raising of troops in the State of New York
during the whole war.
26 Annual Report of the State Historian.
General William A. Jackson having resigned the position of
Inspector General to take the colonelcy of the Eighteenth Regiment
Infantry, New York State Volunteers, Major Patrick was appointed
to the vacancy on May 17th.
Although seventeen regiments would fill the President's requisi-
tion on the State, there was no thought of relaxing efforts to raise
all of the thirty-eight authorized by the law. So early as April 22d
Governor Morgan proposed to the " Military Board " that the full
complement of 30,000 troops named in the law be organized at
once, saying " it was no time to delay organization until the enemy
is at our door", and his motion was unanimously carried. It was
however very difficult to induce the Washington Administration to
recognize the excess beyond the call. Secretary Seward's opinion
that the war would be closed within a few months was probably not
shared by the President and the remainder of the Cabinet, still
there was a great reluctance to accept the generous proffers of aid
that came from the people and the States. It is true that these
proffers were to some extent extravagant and that some were im-
possible of fulfillment, but the conservatism at Washington went
beyond this. There was from the start a lack of confidence in the
people, a fear that the burdens of the war would be deemed intoler-
able.* The discontent and threats of the comparatively few copper-
heads at the North were deemed of an alarming importance and
these rebel sympathizers had the satisfaction at least of making the
war cost hundreds of millions and thousands of lives on both sides
that might have been spared had the Administration absolutely dis-
* The fact tl^at the Governors were nearer to the people than the President
and his official advisers in their isolation at Washington, will account in part
for the greater zeal of the former in providing adequate military forces since
they knew the prompt patriotic response the people would give to such
demands upon them.
War of the Rebellion Series. 27
regarded their presumed influence. All through the war the people
were far ahead of their rulers in this respect, and history exhibits
no more signal instance of popular response to every appeal to
patriotic endeavor than was shown by our people in those four
years. The proffer of twenty-one regiments more than had been
formally called for was not an illusory or irresponsible act ; the regi-
ments were authorized by a State law that provided for their enlist-
ment, equipment and support until ready for muster into the United
States service, yet two weeks of earnest importunity were required
before any favorable reply from the Secretary of War could be got.
On April 29th Governor Morgan received a telegram from Gov-
ernor Dennison of Ohio inviting him to a conference at Cleveland
with Governor Curtin of Pennsylvania, Governor Morton of In-
diana and Governor Yates of Illinois, and General McClellan in
command of the Ohio troops. Governor Morgan could not attend.
The result of the conference was unimportant.
All through the month of May recruiting continued quite lively.
On the 1st the enlistment rolls of four Canadian companies were
received, but which could not be accepted. The lack of competent
instructors in drill and tactics led to an application to Secretary
Cameron that the highest class of cadets at West Point be assigned
for such purpose ; but though the regular time of graduation of this
class was anticipated, the members were assigned immediately to
active service in the field.
There now arose another disagreeable and prolonged controversy
with the War Department. The call of the President of May 3d
indicated three years as the term of enlistment, while the State law
had provided for a term of two years, but the Secretary of War on
May 3d accepted the whole force of thirty-eight regiments for two
years. Three days later the Secretary telegraphed that three-years
28 Annual Report of the State Historian.
men were wanted, and on the isth wrote that it had been his inten-
tion on the 3d to accept twenty-eight and not thirty-eight regiments
and thus the whole controversy was reopened. Governor Morgan
again represented the peculiarity of these regiments, raised, equipped
and sustained under a State law and pointed out the great damage
to the Union cause should it become necessary to disband ten regi-
ments and have the State lose the moneys expended on them. It
was not until June 12th that a definite order was given by Secretary
Cameron to Colonel Wm. B. Franklin* to muster in these r^ments
for two years. This long uncertainty caused many complications,
some of which may be mentioned beyond, and one of them was the
popular confusion concerning the respective militai-y jurisdictions of
the general and State governments and the weakening of the author-
ity of the latter. Among the reginnenlts organized under the State law
♦General William B. Franklin was appointed to West Point from Penn-
sylvania and graduated number one in the celebrated class of 1843, which
contained such representative men as General Grant, Father Deshon, Gen-
erals William F. Raynolds, Isaac F. Quinby, John J. Peck, Joseph J. Rey-
nolds, James A. Hardie, Henry F. Clark, Christopher C. Augur, Joseph H.
Potter, Charles S. Hamilton, Frederick Steele, Rufus Ingalls, Frederick T.
Dent and Roswell S. Ripley. He served through the Mexican war as lieu-
tenant of engineers, and as superintending engineer had charge of the exten-
sion of the Capitol at Washington, including the new dome, until the out-
break of the Rebellion, when he was appointed colonel of the Twelfth Infan-
try and immediately thereafter brigadier-general of volunteers. May 17, 1861.
He was engaged in the battle of Bull Run and held commands in the vicinity
of Washington and its defenses until the spring of 1862, when he was placed
in command of a division of General McClellan's Army of the Potomac, and
was promoted to command of the Sixth Army Corps, and as such partici-
pated in the combat at West Point May 8, 1862, action at Goldings Farm
June 28th, battles of White Oak Bridge, Savage Station, Malvern Hill. July
4, 1862, he was appointed major-general United States Volunteers, and took
part in the battles of Cramptons Gap, South Mountain, September 14, 1862,
Antietam September 17, 1862, and Fredericksburg, where he commanded the
left grand division consisting of the First and Sixth corps. Immediately
after the battle of Fredericksburg General Franklin was selected as one of
the victims for the failure of that disastrous affair. Burnside claimed that a.
number of his generals, who were strong friends of General McClellan, had
War of the Rebellion Series. 29
was the Eleventh Infantry, known as the " Fire Zouaves " and com-
manded by Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth, who had attracted some
attention the previous year by the exhibition of a Chicago company
drilled by him in what he called the " Zouave " tactics, introducing
some novel acrobatic feats quite interesting to view, but of little real
military value. Our journals had often contained articles concerning
the French Zouave troops, their picturesque uniform, courage and
elan in battle, and insouicance and deviltry amounting almost to
insubordination. Great interest had been taken in Captain Ellsworth's
exhibitions, and in the ignorance of the day he was accounted such
a military genius that he had no trouble in rapidly recruiting a
regiment in New York city, particularly from among that mass of
reckless dare-devils who largely composed the volunteer fire corps of
that day. These were habited in one of the brilliant, picturesque and
not given him proper support, and on this frivolous and whimsical accusa-
tion General Franklin was relieved of command and for a time discredited
by the national administration. He was then transferred to the southwest-
ern department and took part in the expedition of Sabine Pass; he was in
command of the Nineteenth Army Corps and of the troops in Western Louis-
iana from August 16, 1863, to April 29, 1864; participated in the Red River
expedition and the battle of Sabine Cross Roads April 8, 1864, where he
was wounded. From April 29 to December 2, 1864, he was on sick leave,
but when on his way to Washington in order to obtain a command from his
old classmate, General Grant, he was captured by rebel raiders at Gun
Powder Creek between Philadelphia and Baltimore, but escaped the
next night, July 12, 1864. He was president of the board for retired and
disabled officers from December 2, 1864. He was breveted major-general
of the United States Army for gallant and meritorious services in the field
during the rebellion. He resigned from the volunteer service November
ID, 1865, and from the regular army March, 1866, having been appointed vice-
president and general agent of the Colts Fire-Arm Manufacturing Company
of Hartford, Conn., a position which he still retains. From January i, 1877,
to December 3.1, 1878, he was Adjutant-General of the State of Connecticut.
Since July 8, 1880, he has been president of the board of managers of the
National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. He was appointed com-
missioner^general of the United States for the International Exposition at
Paris, October 20, 1889, and later became grand officer of the French Legion
of Honor.
30 Annual Report of the State Historian.
preposterous garbs that were so attractive during the first year of
the war. This regiment elected its officers and proceeded to Wash-
ington without orders from the Governor as Commander-in-Chief,
and it required much vigilance to restrain further endeavors to
ignore State authority.
The predilection for gaudy and unusual styles of uniform did not
last long and during the second and succeeding years of the war
the plain, serviceable and inconspicuous light and dark-blue kersey
clothing was adopted without demur.
The decision of the government to accept troops for a period not
less than three years bore heavily upon certain of our militia regi-
ments that had been delayed in their equipment or in their recruit-
ing to full ranks. These regiments expected to be accepted for
three months on the same terms as those mentioned on page 12,
but the rapid organization of volunteer regiments made it inexpe-
dient to accept any short term troops. Our Second, Ninth, Four-
teenth and Seventy-ninth regiments of militia reached Washington
too late to be included in the call of April 15th and they were mus-
tered into service " for the war", which was subsequently construed
as for three years. These regiments were renamed as the Eighty-
second, Eighty-third, Eighty-fourth and Seventy-ninth Regiments
Infantry, New Ydrk State Volunteers. Their unexpected extension
of service was very embarrassing to many of the privates and non-
commissioned officers, who left homes and business with the expec-
tation of a three months' absence only. My youngest brother had
enlisted as a private in the Ninth Militia, presumptively for that
short period and was quite disconcerted to find himself bound to
serve " for the war".
The military forces of the United States had been limited to the
regular army and to the militia and so continued up to March, 1863.
War of the Rebellion Series. 31
The volunteers were considered a part of the militia ; the two years'
regiments from New York were expressly designated as militia in
the law that authorized their organization. They were thus subject
to the provisions of the United States Constitution " reserving to
the States the appointment of the officers " of the militia. By the
Constitution of the State of New York all company, field and gen-
eral officers below the rank of major-general were elective, the
major-generals being appointed by the Governor. In times of
peace this method of selection is not very objectionable ; the officers
are usually elected from those having some experience in the ser-
vice, and if this is lacking they obtain it after election without any
great risk to the general welfare or to the comfort and safety of
their commands. It is also probable that this democratic method of
selection is essential to the very existence of our organized militia
in the form of uniformed companies and regiments. It was not
however a successful method in these thirty-eight regiments, except
as aiding their rapid recruiting and as not introducing any new
principle at a time when it was deemed of prime importance not to
shock public sentiment in the sUghtest degree. The officers elected
were not examined as to competency or conditioned in any respect;
they were commissioned without question. The result was that
about two-thirds of these officers failed to serve their full term of
two years, having been discharged or having resigned/ in the mean-
time ; at least one-third of them resigned within the first six months.
These results were not wholly attributable to the mere fact of elec-
tion; the qualities that are most efficient in recruiting soldiers are
gienerally those least desirable in their commanders. The good
nature, sociable, easy manners, good-fellowship and other such traits
as attract the great mass of mankind are generally incompatible with
the power to enforce subordination and discipline. This failure in
32 Annual Report of the State Historian.
active service of those officers most successful in recruiting was
not confined to these early regiments but obtained in all the subse-
quent levies where commissions were conferred upon inexperienced
men who had simply recruited the requisite number of privates.
Of course the least qualified of these officers, sooner or later,
" dropped out " in the field, but it was an expensive process in
many ways. While such officers did remain in command their men
suffered through their inefficiency, and the injurious results con-
tinued in force after they had resigned or been discharged. To the
foreign critic the greatest defect in our volunteer armies was the
laxity of discipline, and it is doubtful if this were wholly counter-
balanced by the higher intelligence or motives of our troops as
compared with those of European armies.
Not only were these unversed officers unable to properly dis-
cipline, drill and instruct their men, or to conduct and maneuvre
them in the field, but with few exceptions they were ignorant as to
all matters touching the health and comfort of the' men under their
charge. There were among their number, men who had had some
training or had the ability to quickly acquire the requisite knowledge
and to enforce military discipline, and as the' " law of survival, etc.,"
operated these were recognized, promoted or transferred to other
commands. From these thirty-eight regiments about twenty brig-
adier generals were selected and some of these again promoted to
be major generals.
In harmony with the general plan adopted, General John A. Dix
had been appointed major general and on May 17th a General
Order (No. 41) was issued by Adjutant General Read, organizing
the First Division of State Volunteers under command of General
Dix, to consist of two brigades and directing General Dix to hold
an election for brigadier general of each brigade by the field officers
War of the Rebellion Series. 33
therein respectively. This brought about a distinct collision between
the State and General Government, in which the former had the
right and the latter the victory. There can be no doubt but that
all the volunteers accepted from the States were so accepted as
militia, and that as such the appointment of their officers was
reserved to the States and so exercised as to regimental officers up-
to the end of the war. There can be no doubt but that the authority
of appointment reserved to the States extended to general officers
also." It was however seen at an early day that this jyas one of the
points where strict adherence to the text of the Constitution must
give way to the supreme safety of the nation. All through the war
it was apparent that there must be a certain elasticity of construction
and perhaps a certain disregard of the text of the Constitution, if
the union of the States was to be preserved. It was fortunate that
the cases where such a strain wa's necessary were very few, since
infrequent as they were they gave a coherence to the hollow and
despicable clamor of the " Copperheads " during the struggle, and
have since encouraged a tendency toward centralization in our
governmental system that is fraught with evil possibilities.
It was evident that if the troops of each State were organized into
brigades and divisions commanded by generals elected by these
constituencies and commissioned by the State authority, the control
of them by the general administration would be seriously weakened.
The several armies instead of being each a compacted force would
represent mere localities, while the jealousies and rivalries between
the several brigades and divisions would be shared by their respec-
tive States and counteract the closer union that the war was con-
ducing to. There would have been repeated the weakness of the
allied armies of the old German Empire, when a score of potentates
furnished their distinct quotas. In general orders from the War
3
34 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Department issued May 4th, giving the plan of organization of the
volunteer forces called into the service of the United States by the
President, it was announced that the general officers and their staffs
(except aides-de-camp) would be appointed by the President with
the advice and consent of the Senate. This assumption of authority
caused much discussion and even alarm on the part of patriotic
men, who feared that it was the precursor of such encroachments
by the central government as would in the end destroy our federal
system as originally constructed under the Constitution. The vast
increase of patronage by the President was also represented and
by some it was held that the States would resent such a deprivation
of their constitutional rights. On the other hand some attempts
were made to show that the volunteers were not a part of the militia
and therefore that the constitutional reservation to the States did
not apply to their officers. I was much interested in this discussion
and finally became convinced that these troops were a part of the
militia; the Constitution gives Congress the power " to raise and
support armies " and " to provide for calling forth the militia to
execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel
invasions," and these are the only powers granted to the United
States in regard to land forces. The violation of the laws of the
Union and the insurrection by the Southern States strongly indi-
cated a resort to the militia, and the result was that while the
increase of the regular army was almost inappreciable, there were
millions of volunteer militiamen engaged in suppressing the
rebellion. The very fact that the appointment of all regimental
officers was left with the States indicates the nature of the force.
It was plainly an exigency when the rigid lines of the Constitution
had to swerve in the interests of self preservation. There was now
quoted the old axiom, soon to become trite, " inter arma silent leges."
War of the Rebellion Series. 35
The Governor had appointed as major generals of the State
volunteers, John A. Dix and James S. Wadsworth, and Lieutenant
Governor Campbell was sent to Washington to procure their recog-
nition, but the President through Secretary Cameron, announced
his irrevocable determination to appoint general officers, and not
to accept troops under any other conditions.
So rapid were the enlistments for these first regiments that the
entire number of 30,000 men was accepted within three weeks from
the first call, and on May 7th the Governor issued a general order
announcing such consummation and that no additional force could
be accepted, and advising that " no further expenditure of time or
means may be needlessly incurred by the patriotic citizens of the
State in further efforts for organization." The members of the
Military Board were not unanimous in approval of such an
announcement. Mr. Jones, Secretary of State, insisted that in view
of the probability that troops would be required beyond existing
calls, it would be bad policy to discourage or disband any organi-
zations, and that It was not wise to weaken, any patriotic endeavor.
However, these irregular organizations were being recruited with-,
out the authority of the State, and the Board felt compelled to
discountenance them. They were subsequently a source of much
trouble to the State and Federal administrations.
Before all of the two-years regiments reached the field, there were
two tragical events in which some of them were concerned. Some
allusion was made on page 29 to the Eleventh Reg-iment, known as
the Fire Zouaves, commanded by Colonel Ellsworth; This regi-
ment being on May 24th at Alexandria, Va., Colonel Ellsworth
directed one Jackson to take down from the stafif on top of his
hotel a secession flag flying there, and not being obeyed, the
Colonel went himself to haul it down and was shot by Jackson and
Z^ Annual Report of the State Historian.
immediately avenged' by his men, who riddled the assassin with
bullets. Ellsworth was the first victim of the war, and his body was
conveyed with much ceremony for burial at his father's home at
Mechanicville, N. Y. Although much was popularly expected of
him, he was simply a drill-master, and so far as fame is concerned
was fortunate in his early death, but that event made a marked
impression that the war was a stern reality. This impression was
deepened by the unfortunate affair at Big Bethel, Va., on June
loth, where the First, Second, Third, Fifth and Seventh Regiments,
New York Volunteers, were prominently engaged. General
Butler, in command of the Union forces at Newport News, had
intended to surprise the rebels under General Magruder, and the
New York regiments were put in motion before daybreak, when
there occurred such a calamity as might have been expected from
troops and officers so green. The Seventh Regiment, under
Colonel Bendix, coming upon the Third under Colonel Townsend
in the dawn, mistook it for a rebel force and fired upon it, killing
several men and wounding more. This iiasco gave the alarm to
the enemy and so upset the Union plans that the subsequent attack
was not only a failure but a signal disaster. Among the killed were
Major Theodore Winthrop,* New York Volunteers, acting on
General Butler's staff, and a young author of great promise, and
Lieutenant John T. Greble,t Second Regiment, United States
• * Theodore Winthrop was born in New Haven, Conn., September 22, 1828.
He graduated from Yale 1848, and the following year went to Europe, where
he remained until 1851. He was admitted to the bar in 1855. Then visited
California and Oregon and made a survey of a canal road across the Isthmus
of Panama. In the campaign of 1856 he was an ardent and eloquent Fre-
mont orator. Before the war he had established his reputation as an author,
but at the outbreak of hostilities he enlisted in the Seventh New York. For
a time he acted as military secretary to General B. F. Butler, with whom he
planned the attack on Little and Big Bethel, at the latter of which he lost
his life while rallying his men June 10, 1861.
tjohn T. Greble was a native of Pennsylvania. He graduated. from the
military academy in 1854 and was assigned to the Second Artillery and as
War of the Rebellion Series. 37
Artillery. Although the whole affair in its dimensions and casual-
ties was a mere skirmish compared with the great battles to come,
it was in that early day an engagement of the first importance and
the deaths of the two estimable young men above mentioned brought
a chill to many a home where the son had put on the blue uniform
or was preparing to do so. It gave a shocking realism tO' a contest
that so far had been an ebullition of excitement without the dark
shadow of sudden death on the battlefield to overcast it. It was
the reaction from this that made us magnify the successes of
General McClellan in the western part of Virginia, which, however
important in themselves or as inspiring our hopes, were not such
guarantees of military qualities as were assumed.
By the end of June the thirty-eight regiments authorized by the
State law were in the field; nineteen from the New York depot,
nine from the Albany and ten from the Elmira depot. Their
organization was that of the regular army with some tincture of
the old militia forms and nomenclature. Reference has been made
to the term " ensign " for second lieutenant; the assistant regimental
surgeon was termed " surgeon's mate; " both these were afterwards
given the regular title. Surgeon General Samuel O. Vander Poel
exhibited high administrative qualities, both in regard to the exami-
nation of recruits and their sanitary conditions in barracks, and also
in the selection of surgeons and their mates. Of course through
inexperience these matters fell short of what was subsequently
accomplished. Less than thirty-seven per cent of the medical
officers of these regiments resigned or were discharged before the
end of their terms, a very favorable contrast with the other com-
missioned officers.
first lieutenant covered the retreat of our defeated troops with the fire of his
own battery at Big Bethel. He was killed June 10, 1861, aged 27 years. For
the service he rendered in this engagement he was brevetted captain, major
and lieutenant-colonel.
38 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Each regiment was entitled to a chapliin, and all but one or two
took one to the field, though many did not retain them. It was a
fact that some of these chaplains were frauds, not being even
ordained ministers, but rollicking acquaintances of the officers or
newspaper reporters who sought this easy and well paid position
in order to have favorable opportunities for reportorial observation.
Each regiment also had a paymaster to pay the troops and officers
while in the State service and not accompanying them to the field.
Paymaster General Thomas B. Van Buren was not a good business
manager and the pay-rolls were the most confusing and difficult
of the vouchers that I examined.
Considering all things, I think the supplies for these troops were
of fair quality, and their commissariat while in barracks was well
selected and managed. I kept at general headquarters a running
account of military property, crediting the contractors with all
deliveries to the quartermaster and ordnance departments, and
those departments with their issues to the troops. There was
great difficulty in having all these issues conducted in accordance
with the army regulations, which were unknown and even
unattainable to the great mass of officers concerned. In the subse-
quent adjustment of accounts between the State and general
governments many defects and omissions in the forms had to be
disregarded.
Though neither John A. Dix nor James S. Wadsworth, who had
been appointed by. the Governor as major generals of these troops,
was recognized as such by the United States authorities, (general
Dix was appointed major general of volunteers with rank from May
i6th by the President, and General Wadsworth* was appointed a
* James Samuel Wadsworth was born at Geneseo, N. Y., October 30, 1807.
He was educated at Harvard and studied at the Albany Law School, com-
War of the Rebellion Series. 39
brigadier general of volunteers with rank from August 9th, so that
both these accomplished gentlemen entered the active service.
I had official opportunities to acquaint myself with the character
of all the successive levies for the service made in New York and
found them naturally affected in character by the changing con-
ditions and spirit of the times. These first regiments werg raised
during the foaming excitement of the early days when it was
generally thought that the war would be concluded within a few
months, and its serious aspects of privation, discomfort, danger,
suffering and death were scarcely contemplated, ft was to be a
picnic on a grand scale, with brass buttons, tinsel, silk banners and
music to enliven it, and the fun to be hallowed by its patriotic pur-
pose. The adventurous and frolicsome were attracted while the
apparently temporary needs of the country did not demand any
pleting his course with Daniel Webster. He never practiced his profession,
however, but devoted his time exclusively to the management of his vast
estates in Livipgston county, which amounted to 15,000 acres. In 1852 he
was elected president of the State Agricultural Society, with which up to the
time of his death he was conspicuously identified. He supported the Free
Soil party in 1848, but was a presidential elector on the Republican ticket
1856 and i860. He was a delegate to the peace convention in Washington in
1861, and at the beginning of the war was one of the first men who was
willing to surrender the comforts of a luxurious home to the deprivations
and suflferings of the field. When communication with Washington was sus-
pended, he- chartered two ships at his own expense, loaded them ^with provi-
sions and accompanied them to Annapolis. He was at the battle of Bull Run
as volunteer aide to General McDowell. March 15, 1862, he was appointed
fliiKtary governor of the District of Columbia. That fall he was the unsuc-
cessful candidate for Governor of New York, nominated by the Republicans.
He took part in the battle of Fredericksburg as a division commander and
displayed great military judgment. At Gettysburg his division was the first
to engage the enemy and his losses aggregated 2,400 out of '^4,000
men. He was one of the few generals who voted in favor of pursuing the
enemy after Pickett's disastrous charge on the 3d of July. On the reorgan-
ization of the Army of the Potomac he was assigned to the command of the
fourth division of the Fifth Corps, which constituted part of his old com-
mand. May 6, 1864, at the battle of the Wilderness, he was shot in the head
and lingered for two days.
40 Annual Report of the State Historian.
sacrifice from the steady and thoughtful men, who had other
responsibilities upon them. There were some few who, foreseeing
the deadly character, if not the duration of the strife, put aside all
business, social and domestic claims and entered ^the ranks or
accepted commissions in April and May, 1861. The greater num-
ber, 'however, did not expect or were not prepared for the stem
ordeal of defeat, delay, suspense and painful toil that awaited them.
But when these regiments were later subjected to drill and to
the discharge of everyday duties and were seasoned by skirmishes
and battles, by yictories and defeatg^they rendered good service and
sustained the honor of the State.
When the levy was completed there was a large number of
enlisted men in detached companies and other fragmentary organi-
zations throughout the State, which subsequently became part of
the second levy, though the actual recruitment should be credited
to the first levy.
No. 2.
SECOND LEVY- JULY J, J86I, TO MARCH 3J, 1862.
BY the 1st of July all of the thirty-eight regiments jaised under
the State law had been mustered into the United States
service and had been despatched to the seat of war. There remained
the settlement of many accounts for materials and service, and these
under the general direction of General Patrick were carefully
audited and paid mostly within a month's time. The Military Board
continued its sessions, which were largely engrossed by attempts
to fix or evade the responsibility for the inferior uniforms accepted
under the contracts. As before said, I have never believed that any
of the members of this Board or any other State officers were
corrupt in these transactions. The failure to secure the best
clothing, etc., may' be fairly attributed to the extent of the pur-
chases, the hurried manner of their initiation and completion and
the almost absolute inexperience of all concerned in them. To
this may be added the divided and personally vague responsibility
of a cumbrous board which the Legislature had constituted through
that jealousy of the " one-man power " of the Executive which
has been so characteristic in our State governments. Within the
board itself this jealousy raged and did further public injury. It
was evident that certain military authorities could be far better
exercised by the Governor alone as commander-in-chief than by
42 Annual Report of the State Historian.
this motley board, but on several occasions resolutions to confer
such authority upon him were voted down. It is not strange that
of the members of that board the Governor alone retained his
political influence.
About the middle of the month, Attorney ' General Myers and
Treasurer Dorsheimer, as a committee of the board, visited the
regiments -about Washington and reported certain deficiencies in
equipment which were repaired.
I can recall vividly those three first weeks in July which foUow.ed
our engrossment in military preparation. There was nothing very
exciting going on in the field; General McClellan continued' his
several successes in Virginia and defeated tlie rebels in an engage-
ment at Carricks Ford on July 12, thus clearing Virginia west
of the Blue Ridge. These events were cheerful, but their larger
importance was in the establishment of McClellan!s fame that led
to his subsequent promotion as general-in-chief. Tlie concentra-
tion of troops about Washington under General^McDowell was the
most significant event, and we how believed that city safe and the
suppression of the rebellion certainly at hand. Our Albany officials
were mostly strong partisans of Secretary Seward and probably
imbibed his optimistic opinion that the contest would npt exceed
a few months. We underlings, whose retention in service depended
upon continued hostilities, met in the Adjutant-General's office in
those summer evenings and discussed the probabilities of early, dis-
missal and the need of searching for employment. Daily in my
own office in the southeastern corner of the second story of that old
capitol I sat by the windows looking out upon the trees and lawn,
meditating what means of livelihood I should adopt when the brief
rebellion collapsed. I was a type of so many others soon to be
stricken and shocked.
War of the Rebellion Series. 43
The papers began now to announce the early movement of our
army upon the force of rebels massed a few miles west of Wash-
ington, commanded by General Beauregard. I have mentioned
that these first levies of troops contained some light material, the
scum of patriotic ferment, the adventurous and thoughtless who
viewed the contest as an exciting picnic. So now we heard of the
Congressmen and others who were going to accompany our army
in carriages, supplied with lunch baskets and wine, as if on a
pleasure jaunt. What indeed could be more satisfactory and
pleasurable than to see our valiant troops " bag " these ill-advised
rebels? What could resist our army panoplied in the majesty of
the Union, the power of the Right, the invincibility of Freedom?
The war correspondents with glowing phrase — alas so soon to
become trite and inexpressive — depicted the advance of the army
on July 1 6th, accompanied by its hordes of non-combatants, mov-
ing slowly as became its stateliness, its irresistible power. Since
May 27th, when placed in command. General McDowell had been
disciplining his troops as best he could, though as the larger portion
had reached him within four weeks before his advance, the drilling
had been meagre. We, however, had such absolute confidence in
our cause that any such lack of preparation seemed very trivial.
Day by day the papers gave us the picturesque incidents of the
march with flattering prognostications of victory. Even our news
on the morning of Monday the 22d was very encouraging, but
about noon of that day dispatches reached Albany first that there
had been a check and then the terrible announcement of defeat — a
rout — a retreat— then in an exaggeration quite as vivid as that of
our invincible advance came the intelligence of disorganization and
panic, of the flight towards Washington, of a demoralized mob, of
intermingled " warriors " and civilians crying " the devil take the
44 Annual Report of the State Historian.
hindmost", and of the probable capture of the capital. What an
agonizing shock! At the first there was humiliation, shame,
despair. We were still in the frothy sentimental stage of patriotism
of those early days — quickly depressed, but fortunately as quickly
recovering from the dejection. In a day or so, our thoughts were
again bent on the future and the means to shape it.
Now that we look back upon the war as a whole, the significance,
indeed the fitting purpose of Bull Run as the first great link in the
chain of events can be recognized. The panic of our troops was
no stain upon our manhood; fresh, undrilled troops, many of them
with terms of service about expiring, led by regimental and com-
pany officers quite as fresh and uninstructed, did not in any proper
sense make an army. We know now that the rebel troops were
quite as panicky and disorganized and unable to take any advantage
of the retreat of our men. The ridiculous features , of that rout
can now be enjoyed — the capture of the picnicking Congressmen;
the early retreat of the troops whose service expired in the midst
of the battle and as General McDowell reported, " marched to the
rear of the sound of the enemy's cannon." Such was the cowardly
feat of a New York city battery commanded by Captain James
Lynch, and it is a signal, evidence of the catholic charity and liber-
ality of the Tammany party that less than four months later it
elected Captain Lynch to the lucrative office of sheriff of New York
city and county.
The disaster at Bull Run convinced us that a single battle would
not extinguish the rebellion, and that the majesty of the right must
be sustained by well organized and trained battalions. We now
extended the probable term of the war from six months to a whole
year.
Congress had on July 4th convened in special session ending on
August 6th, the legislation being almost wholly military and fiinan-
War of the Rebellion Series. 45
cial. Provision was made for the calling of a volunteer force not
to exceed five hundred thousand men, for an increase and reorgani-
zation of the regular army and for the employment of the militia
upon the call of the President. The first of these acts passed July
22d, two days after the disaster at Bull Run, and under its pro"
visions the President made an immediate call for volunteers, and
Governor Morgan issued on the 25th a proclamation calling " for
a volunteer force of twenty-five thousand men to serve for three
years or during the war."
At this time the three-months militia from this State had either
returned or were on their way home. The volunteer regiments
in the field comprised the thirty-eight two-years regiments organ-
ized under the State law, the four militia regiments (Second, Ninth,
Fourteenth and Seventy-ninth) that had been forced to enlist " for
the war (vide page 30, supra) and eight irregularly organized regi-
ments subsequently remanded to the State supervision, of which
more anon; and three batteries of light artillery, a total force of
about 40,000 men. Of this force there had been engaged at Big
Bethel five of the two-years regiments (vide page 36, supra) and
at Bull Run seven of the two-years regiments, viz.: the Eighth,
Eleventh, Thirteenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-seventh, Thirty-first and
Thirty-eighth, and one of the irregular regiments (subsequently the
Thirty-ninth Infantry) were engaged, but the aggregate casualties
in all these would not reduce the number on July 25th much below
the 40,000 above given.
Much care was given to the preparation of the general orders
for the organization of the additional regiments, in which I had
a share. Fortunately the Governor was supreme now, the function
of the Military Board appertaining only to the 'two-year troops.
General Order No. 78, issued on July 30th, provided for a regi-
mental organization of ten companies as fixed by General Order
46 Annual Report of the State Historian.
No. 15, U. S. Army (May 4, 1861), for the regular army. The
depots of organization at New York, Albany and Elmira were con-
tinued.* When thirty-two volunteers had been inspected and
accepted, they were authorized to elect by ballot a captain and
lieutenant of the company, the remaining officers to be nominated
when the company was completed. The field officers were to be
appointed by the Governor, as commander-in-chief, and all officers
had to pass a military examination before acceptance. It will be
observed that so far as the company officers were concerned the
plan of election by- the recruits was continued. There was still
a general recognition that all the volunteer troops were a part of
the militia of the State. Then, too, there was the advantage that
this contingency of a commission was a great incentive to recruiting,
and in every instance within my observation the person who
enlisted the necessary number of recruits, received their votes for
the office. Recruiting was in many cases expensive; though the
general government reimbursed the officers for a part of these
expenses it was usually the minor part only. The declination of
the general government by general orders of May 7th to receive
any further troops, had discouraged recruiting in the rural districts,
as also did the organization in the cities of many irregular organi-
zations which for awhile occupied an anomalous position, their serv-
ices in many cases being accepted by the United States, into whose
service the enlisted men were mustered, while the officers remained
without commissions. Among these regiments were those included
in what was called the " Sickles' brigade," composed of five regi-
ments raised in New York, of one of which Daniel E. Sickles was
the colonel (subsequently the Seventieth Infantry), and who was
appointed by the President a brigadier general on September
* See Appendix B.
War of the Rebellion Series. 47
3d. General Sickles and other officers connected with these
regiments were contemptuous of the State authority, in the
belief that they would be accepted as United States Volun-
teers and thus be superior to the State troops. Of course this
was absurd, since there were only three recognized classes of
troops — ^the regular army, the militia, volunteer or drafted and
mustered into service for three years, and the ordinary militia
organizations called into service for short periods. There was evi-
dently some looseness of opinion on this subject in the War Depart-
ment since authorizations were issued thence to pers(5ns to raise
regiments independently of the State authority, but such author-
izations ceased after May 31st, and on September 3d general orders
(No. 95) of the War Department directed all persons who had
received authority to raise volunteers in the State of New York, to
report unreservedly to Goyernor Morgan, and that all officers of
regiments, etc., " raised in the State of New York, independent of
the State authorities " could receive commissions from the Gov-
ernor. Thus was fortunately terminated a practice that would have
brought most embarrassing results. The conflict between the two
governments in recruiting in each State, the jealousies of the
officers and other complications would have been disastrous, irr'e-
spective of the grave constitutional questions raised. Subsequently
the colored troops raised in the insurrectionary States were termed
United States Volunteers, but were in fact a temporary increase of
the regular army. Sixteen infantry regiments were thus remanded
to the State authority, and so far satisfied the quota allotted to New
York on the President's calls. Many of these regiments were
almost wholly composed of men of foreign birth, a fact amply illus-
trated by the names of the colonels — as D'Utassy, Von Gilsa,
Kozlay, Kryzanowski, De Trobriand, Von Amsberg, Rosa, D'Epi-
48 Annual Report of the State Historian.
neuil and Betge. Several regiments of cavalry and batteries of
artillery that were being recruited under authorizations from
the War Department were remanded by the same general
orders to the State authority. The recruiting Under the latter
authority was not very active during this period; the conflict
between the two sources of authority had a depressing effect,
and the disaster at Bull Run was not relieved by any successes in
the east, while the defeat at Wilsons Creek, Missouri, terminating in
the death of the gallant General Lyon,* on August loth, was fol-
lowed about a month later by the surrender of Lexington in the
same State by Colonel Mulligan. A month later (October 20th),
* Nathaniel Lyon was born at Ashford, Conn. His granduncle, Colonel
Knowlton, was killed in action at Harlem Heights. Lyon graduated from
West Point in the class of 1841, and was assigned to the Second Infantry.
He served through the Seminole and Mexican Wars. Was woiinded at the
Belen Gate of the capital. For several years thereafter he saw considerable
Indian service in California. He took part in the Kansas struggle as captain
in the Second Infantry, and was stationed at Fort Scott when Sumter was
fired upon. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers May 17,
1861, and through his knowledge, energy, determination and sagacity Mis-
souri was held to the Union. At the conference of July 11, 1861, between
Governor Jackson and General Price on one side and Colonel Blair and
General Lyon on the other, Lyon brought the proceedings to a close at the
end of four or five hours by declaring: " Rather than concede to the State
of Missouri the right to demand that my Government shall not enlist troops
within her limits, or bring troops into the State whenever it pleases, or move
its troops at its own will into, out of or through the State; rather than con-
cede to the State of Missouri for a single instant, the right to dictate to
my Government in any matter, however unimportant, I would " (rising as he
said this, and pointing in turn to every one in the room) " see you, and you,'
and you, and every man, woman and child in the State, dead and buried."
Then turning to the Governor he said: "This means war. In an hour one
of my officers will call for you and conduct you out of my lines." Subse-
quently he captured the State militia at Camp Jackson, drove the Governor
from the capitol and all his troops to the farthest corner of the State, held
Price and McCullouch until the Union men had time to assemble, deposed
the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor and all of the members of the Gen-
eral Assembly. He was killed at Wilsons Creek August 10, 1861, aged 42
years.
War of the Rebellion Series. 49
occurred the calamitous aflfair at Balls Bluff on the Potomac and the
killing of Colonel Baker,* the Oregon Senator and soldier. A week
or so later the capture of the forts at Hilton Head and -Phillips
Island by the expedition under General T. W. Shernian and Com-
modore Dupont gave us a valuable lodgment on the Atlantic coast
and a depot of supplies and base of operations at Port Royal, S. C,
but this achievement was not sufficient to encourage enlistments.
These, however, steadily continued during the fall and winter, par-
tially during the latter part of the time for regiments in the field.
The militia Brigadier Generals Yates, Rathbone and Van Valken-
burgh, who had respectively commanded the depots at New York,
Albany and Elmira, under the previous call, were continued in com-
mand, and each was provided with a full staff of assistants.! The
War Department, by general orders (No. 58) issued on August iSth,
proposed to establish near New York and Elmira camps of
rendezvous and instruction for volunteers under the command of
officers of the army, but these orders were never carried out; in
fact there was too great a lack of such officers to permit such a
scheme. So, early as April 26th, Governor Morgan had requested
* Edward Dickenson Baker was born in London, England, February 24,
l8i.l. At the age of five years he came to America. Later he moved to
Springfield, 111., where he studied law and was admitted to the bar. In 1837
he was elected a member of the Legislature. Three years later promoted to
the Seriate; 1844 sent to Congress. He fought with great distinction at the
head of his regiment during the Mexican War and commanded a brigade
after General Shields was wounded at Cerro Gordo. He served again in
Congress from December, 1849, until March 3, 1851, declining renomina-
tion. The gold fever found him in California, where he at once took rank
as a leader of the bar. In i860 he was elected to the United States Senate
from Oregon. When Sumter, was fired upon, he repaired to New York and
raised what was called the California Regiment, several companies having
"been recruited in Philadelphia. At Balls Bluff he commanded a brigade arid
iell mortally wounded.
tSee Appendix B. "Headquarters, Depots, etc."
4
50 Annual Report of the State Historian.
the Secretary of War to assign the West Point cadets of the first
class from this State to duty with the regiments of volunteers as
military instructors. The answer was that the early graduation of
the first class of cadets was under consideration, and that if possible
the Governor's request would be granted, but the scarcity of army
officers might render it necessary to assign these cadets immediately
to active commands in the service, and indeed this necessity was
so overwhelming that these newly-fledged warriors were soon in
high commands, even as colonels and generals, reaching in a few
months the rank that was attained by few during life-long service
in peaceful days.
Adjutant General Read, who had been overburdened by his
duties, both through bodily weakness and lack of qualifications,
resigned on August 15th, and was succeeded by Thomas Hillhouse,
of Geneva, late senator from that district, who proved to be an
earnest and untiring official.
By a letter on August 3d to Governor Morgan, the Secretary of
War authorized him to make requisitions upon the various bureaus
of the War Department for expenses incurred in the organization of
troops under the recent call, and this letter was the basis for the
subsequent adjustment of accounts covering a large aggregate
sum, payable from the appropriation by Congress on August sth
of twenty millions for the expenses of collecting, drilling and organ-
izing volunteers. A large part of this fund was disbursed through
army officers stationed in the principal cities, most of them being
of that unfortunate number paroled when General Twiggs treacher-
ously surrendered his army in Texas. These officers trained in
the rigid requirements and formalities of the army, insisted upon
vouchers and forms that most of the recruiting officers could not
furnish, since they were ignorant of these requisites at the time
War of the Rebellion Series. 51
when their accounts accrued and could not repair their defects.
These disbursing officers at a later day were more liberal and con-
siderate, under orders of the War Department relaxing the strict-
ness of regulations. An edition of the General Regulations of the
United States Army was published by the State in June, 1861, for
the use of its own officials, but very few of the persons engaged
in enlistments ever saw it.
There' was from the very beginning of the war a clashing with
the regular military establishment. The militia, the volunteers,
the State officials and the people, full of patriotic aspirations and
ardor, eager each to do his utmost to aid their assaulted country,
found their efforts hampered and entangled in the web of military
formalism; this latter had its uses and value, perhaps never more
strongly than in this period of dizzy effervescence, but it might have
been, yet was not, tempered by a just discretion. The iron wall of
military discipline and precedent would not yield even to the fervid
importunity of patriots rushing to arms. The most exasperating
of these army officers were those attached to the staff departments,
particularly the quartermaster's. The officer in charge of that
branch at New York when the war began was Colonel Daniel D.
Tompkins, one of the assistant quartermasters general, who
delighted in scolding, abusing and cursing the unfortunate volun-
teer officers who had business with him, ancj in this respect was
a type of many of his fellows. I recall a ludicrous incident in
the autumn of 1862 when he was finally discomfited. The One
Hundred and Eleventh Regiment Infantry (of the third levy),
raised at Auburn, was commanded by Colonel Jesse Segoine, an old
brigadier general of militia, noted for his bruskness and vituperative
fluency. His regiment should have gone to the Army of the
Potomac via Elmira and Harrisburg, Pa., as the shortest route, but
52 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Colonel Segoine for some reason wanted to pass through New
York, and by the influence of his distinguished fellow townsman,
Secretary Seward, got leave to do so. When he applied to Colonel
Tompkins, at his ofifice on State street, opposite the Battery, for
his transportation papers for Washington, that officer began his
usual tirade, damning Colonel Segoine for h^ round-about route
and objurgating in red-hot terms all volunteer colonels. The
imperturbability of Colonel Segoine inflamed the irascible quarter-
master, and he cursed until the air was blue and until, out of breath,
he had to desist. Then the volunteer colonel began in a cool but
stentorian voice to return the malediction, in such new and endless
flow of execration that the old regular stood aghast and finally over-
come by the interminable array of new phrases of denunciation and
blasphemy he begged his master in Billingsgate and imprecation
to go out and take a drink. When at our headquarters in Walker
street we heard of Colonel Tompkins' ignominious discomfiture in
the field of filth where he had reigned supreme there was general
rejoicing, and for many days thereafter volunteer officers found
the late truculent quartermaster quiet and even courteous in his
official demeanor.
The attitude of the United States authorities regarding facilities
for recruiting was various; it was adverse in the difficulty or
impossibility of obtaining reimbursement for expenses, so costly was
it that only the hope of obtaining a commission gave encourage-
ment. At first it was proposed to pay the enlisted men only from
date of muster, but this was soon abandoned and payment made
from date of enlistment, but even so late as June, after the minute-
men from our militia had been several weeks guarding Washington,
there was required some urgence to obtain their payment from the
date they abandoned family and business to protect the threatened
War of the Rebellion Series. 53
capital. There were discouragements in the frequent decisions that
no more troops were required, followed at intervals, by an urgent
call for them; and the unsettled question as to whom application
for authority should be made for several months disturbed the
military mind. I have called attention to several New York regi-
ments (p. 47, supra) composed almost entirely of foreigners, and
by a general order of July 19th the War Department announced
" in future no volunteer will be mustered into the service who is
unable to speak the English language." There were many such
foreigners ready for enlistment, generally Germans wifh a military
training, and this injudicious order was modified on August 3d so
as to permit the muster of foreigners into regiments of their own
nationality. The order of August 12th that all regiments should
be for a term of three years was a sound one, but it sensibly
arrested enlistments. There was also some discouragement regard-
ing the period for muster-in of officers, which, however, was modi-
fied in September. The State General Orders of July 30th (No. 78)
provided that the pay of the captain and first lieutenant of a com-
pany might date from their acceptance with 32 men, and the United
States Pay Department subsequently ratified this ordet", but it was
not extended to officers of organizations raised under later orders
who received pay only from date of their muster-in to the United
State service.
On the other hand Congress increased the pay of privates from
$11 to $13 per month, but this additional $24 for a year's service
could not be accounted an inducement. A beneficent arrangement
under the law was made for the allotment of an optional part of a
private's pay for the benefit of his family, such allotments being
secured at the time of enlistment, when domestic attachment was
strong and before the demoralizing effect of military life had im-
54 Annual Report of the State Historian.
paired it. These allotments served an excellent purpose, not only
in aiding the support of the dependent families, but in preserving
even in that slight form the' tie with home that might in many cases
have been severed by absence and the degrading effect of warfare.*
It was provided by the act of July 22, 1861, that not only should
the volunteers receive the same pay, allowances and pensions as
soldiers in the regular army, but ajso that a bounty of one hundred
dollars should be paid to the widow or heirs of any volunteer who
was killed or who died in the service. This was doubtless an
inducement, though overshadowed soon by the increasing bounties
paid at time of enlistment, and not after date of discharge, which
in many cases would be post-mortem, like a life insurance. Another
act considerably increased the army ration during the period of
" the present insurrection," and a general order of August reduced
the minimum stature of recruits from the standard of five feet four
and a half inches to five feet three inches. The War Department
also gave its attention to many details hitherto Ofverlooked, such
as the record of evidences on which pensions might be granted,
and to the interment of deceased soldiers and proper identification
of the places of their burial.
The State in August made an offer of a premium (miscalled
" bounty ") of two dollars per man on every thirty-two recruits
presented and passed at the depots; this was intended as a partial
reimbursement of expenses, but it was found that the United States
would not recognize nor probably refund such advances, having
by law (§ 9, Act Aug. 3) abolished such premium. The State,
therefore, rescinded its order on October 17th, but I cannot now
recall the aggregate amount of these premiums.
On August 22d, with the purpose of stimulating enlistments,
* See Appendix A.
War of the Rebellion Series. 55
Governor Morgan issued a vigorous proclamation, appealing to
the patriotism of the people arid urging the pressing necessities of
the United States Government.
The staff organization remained the same, except that Colonel
Edmund Schriver resigned on September i as aid-de-camp to
accept the position of inspector general in the regular army, and
was succeeded by Colonel Thomas B. Arden,* also a West Point
graduate; General Chester A. Arthur continued to act as assistant
quartermaster-general at New York. Captain H. C. Hodges,t of
the United States Quartermaster's Department, was assigned, to
duty under the War Department letter of August 3d, already referred
to, conferring authority on Governor Morgan to equip volunteers.
At first the accounts under this authority were payable either by
drafts, on the Treasury or by Treasury notes bearing interest at
six per cent. This option was rescinded, however, on August 8th,
and payments made by draft only.
* Thomas B. Arden was appointed from New York and graduated from
West Point in the class of 1835. He served during the Florida war; resigned
December 31, 1842, and acted as president of the Putnam County Agricul-
tural Society from 1831-1856. From April 26th to August, 1861, he served
as an aid-de-camp to Major-General Sandford, New York State Militia, with,
the rank of major in the defenses of Washington, D. C, and subsequently
as aid-de-camp to Governor Morgan with the rank of colonel, acting as mili-
tary agent of New York State troops in the field September 2, 1861, to Jan-
uary I, 1863.
t Henry C. Hodges was born in Vermont, graduated from West Point
class of 'si and was assigned to the Fourth Infantry, in which he served in
California, Oregon and Washington until the outbreak of the war, when he
was appointed assistant quartermaster, with the rank of captain, and acted as -
purchasing and disbursing quartermaster on the staff of Governor Morgan,
August, '61, to January, '63, in clothing and equipping New York volun-
teers. He was then assigned to the center grand division of the Army of the
Potomac as quartermaster with the rank of colonel, and subsequently served
as chief quartermaster on'' Major-General Rosecrans' staff in the Ten-
nessee campaign, participating in th^ battle of Chickamauga. He was
appointed to the various grades and to the rank of colonel, assistant quarter-
tnaster-general arid was retired January 14, 1895.
S6 Annual Report of the State Historian.
On a previous page I have spoken of the many resignations of
officers from the early regiments; the glamour of military glory
was soon dissipated by the stern realities; some found themselves
physically unable to endure the privations of the camp or the
fatigues of the march; others failed in qualities of discipline and
command, and a few were lacking in courage. On August 3d
(G. O. No. 51) the War Department called attention to the numer-
ous resignations of commissioned officers and the probability of
their abuse, and on August 15th directed th^t no person who had
resigned his commission should be again mustered in as an officer
of another regiment. So, too, the discharges of enlisted men for
disability were so numerous as to demand the most stringent meas-
ures, not only by greater vigilance in the medical examination of
recruits, but by the order that all men discharged for disability
within three months from date of enlistment should not receive
pay for any period of service. Discharge of minors who had failed
to produce the permission of their parents or guardians, through
deception or forgery, was also prohibited. In fact, the stern, inex-
orable facts of war were being enforced and realized. The exami-
nations of persons aspiring to be officers (under War Dept. G. O.
No. 47 and State G. O. No. 78) had salutary effects. The State
examinations were made by military officers and were not calcu-
lated to secure any large degree of military knowledge or efficiency,
but they did deter to some extent the application of conspicuously
unfit men, particularly as they suggested that there might be fur-
ther examinations in the field under more rigid conditions.
Before taking up the incidents of this period seriatim the charac-
ter of this levy may be reviewed in mass. It includes all the regi-
ments mustered into the Unite^ States service between July i,.
1861, and March 31, 1862. In this levy were included much mate-
War of the Rebellion Series. 57
rial similar to that of the earlier regiments, the adventurous and
thoughtless; it comprised several regiments composed almost en-
tirely of men of foreign birth, mostly Germans and Irishmen. The
proportion of men of foreign birth in the Union armies has been
absurdly exaggerated; they formed a very small percentage of the
aggregate. From this State, where the influx of immigration and
the large number of foreign residents in the large cities gave more
than the average opportunities for recruiting from this class, I do
not think the percentage exceeded ten in a hundred. Despite the
military education of these German officers from this State, none
of them reached the distinction of their Western counterparts, Gen-
erals Sigel and Schurz.
The Eighth Volunteer Infantry Regiment was one of the first
of the two-years regiments in the field, and was commanded by
Colonel Louis Blenker, who had been an officer in the German army,
and I recall the ridiculous anticipations of his military career and
the newspaper puffs showered upon him. In the summer of 1861
Ave were made to believe that .Washington was safe because Blenker
was there. He was one of the first batch of brigadier-generals of
volunteers appointed by the President on August 9, 1861, but he
never became distinguished. Julius Stahel, the lieutenant-colonel
of this regiment, was made a brigadier-general on November 12,
1861, and did good service in that rank. Prince Felix Salm-Salm
was a major in the same regiment, and he and his wife were among
the picturesque features of the Army of the Potomac. None of the
German officers in this second levy reached the rank of brigadier-
general.
There were many military fantasies in this period. Colonel
William A. Howard began to raise a regiment of " marine artil-
lery," and I recall him as a handsome, plausible man with a breezy
58 Annual Report of the State Historian.
salt-water manner and in neat, semi-nautical attire, but I never
could grasp the purpose or utility of his amphibious regiment, which
he claimed would serve with equal facility on land and water. He
never completed his task, and the companies raised were disbanded
in March, 1863. Then there was the " rocket battalion," which was
to use Congreve rockets, an " exploded " missile, but it never did
so and was, at an early day, transformed into two battalions of artil-
lery. One of the first irjfantry regiments raised under the Gov-
ernor's call of July 25th was the Forty-fourth, called by the melo-
dramatic title of " the Ellsworth Avengers," referring to the assassi-
nation of Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth (see page 35, supra). It was'
proposed that this regiment should consist of one representative
from each of the thousand town^ in the State, and though this
project was not fully carried out, many selections were made by
towns. When this regiment left Albany " for the field " in Octo-
ber its full ranks of stalwart men, marching down that grand ave-
nue. State street, made a deep impression upon all spectators.
During its three years it served continuously in the Army of the
Potomac, being engaged during that period in all the battles of
that much-belabored host. In the first levy there had been two or
three infantry regiments clad in Zouave uniform, and in this second
levy there were one or two more, being the last, since the United
States was aiverse to the supply of anything but standard articles
of every kind, since any exceptional type led to great confusion.
The most fantastic, brilliant and outre of these uniforms was that
of a proposed regiment of Zouaves attempted by a French officer,
Colonel Lionel J. D'Epineuil, and largely French in its composi-
tion (Fifty-third Infantry), but which was a failure, and was dis-
banded March 21, 1862. Another regiment (Fifty-fifth Infantry)
was given the same number as the French military regiment in
War of the Rebellion Series. 59
New York city, known as the Guard Lafayette.' This regiment
was largely French in material, and was commanded by Colonel
Regis De Trobriand, a well-known writer, who, in January, 1864,
was made a brigadier-general of volunteers, in June, 1866, colonel
of the Thirty-first Regiment of regulars, and is 'now on the retired
Ust of the Army.* In the first levy there were no cavalry and only
three batteries of artillery. The First Regiment of Artillery was
mustered in on September 25, 1861, and its colonel was First
Lieutenant Guilford R. Bailey, of the Second Regiment Artillery,
United States Army. Colonel Bailey was a fine-looking, enthusi-
astic and gallant young man and very popular when at West Point.
He was killed in action at Fair Oaks, Va., on May 31, 1862.
There had been much hesitation on the part of the War Depart-
ment to authorize the raising or accepting of cavalry, which was
considered the least desirable arrti 'of the service for a volunteer
force; more costly and requiring a higher and prolonged training.
The pressure of events overcome this reluctance, and nine regi-
ments of cavalry from this State were included in this second levy.
One of the earliest attempts in this direction was made at Troy to
raise a regiment known as the " Black Horse Cavalry ,"f but its
pretentious name did not aid it, since it was disbanded within four
months, being mustered out of service on March 31, 1862. Tliere
is a certain glamour of chivalry in mounted troops, and in those
early days there was the more practical idea that this branch of
' the service is less fatiguing. Thus there was a strong drift toward
cavalry, the proportion of which was reduced, however, in our
* General De Trobriand has died since the above was written.. His death
occurred 15 July, 1897.
t This name was probably borrowed from the popular designation of a
syndicate of legislative lobbyists who had been successful in previous ses-
sions at Albany. But why the secretive and insidious tactics of this body
suggested the dashing onset of a " Black Horse Cavalry " is now difficult to
explain.
6o Annual Report of the State Historian.
volunteer forces by the consideration that the occasions -woulcl be
rare when mounted troops could be employed in mass. Our rough,
wooded country, intersected by deep streams, particularly in the
regions where the war was chiefly waged, prevented those grand
charges of massed squadrons that greatly influenced and in some
cases decided the Napoleonic battles. First Lieutenant Judson Kil-
patrick, of the First Artillery, United States Army, was appointed
lieutenant-colonel of the Second New York Cavalry, promoted to
its colonelcy, made a brigadier-general of volunteers in June, 1863,
and subsequently appointed major-general, and was one of tlie
most conspicuous cavalry leaders of the war.* He was a signal
example of the rapid rise of officers in that great contest. ' Two
regiments of engineers were raised in this period, and subsequently
a two-years infantry regiment (the Fifteenth) was changed to the
same arm of the service. These regiments, largely composed of
skilled artisans and officered by experienced civil engineers, ren-
dered excellent service during the war in pontoon and bridge build-
ing, dismantling and repairing railroads and in other operations,
constructive and destructive.
Including the irregular organizations remanded to the State
authority, New York raised in this levy of three-years volunteers
sixty-five regiments of infantry, nine of cavalry, two of. engineers,
three of artillery and four battalions and nine batteries of artillery,
all being sent into the field before April i, 1862. From the officers
of these regiments twenty-three were promoted to be brigadier-
/
generals.
* The cavalry force during the war, both in the east and west, was most
valuable in skirmishing and protection of the army flanks. It also by its
rapid raids demoralized the enemy. In these directions mounted troops
were employed by both sides. On our own side the most distinguished
cavalry leader was General Sheridan, a native of Albany, N. Y.
War of the Rebellion Series. 6i
In addition to these troops there had been considerable recruit-
ment of regiments in the service. On April i, 1862, the account
of troops furnished by the State stood about as follows, inclusive
of the recruits as above:
Militia for three months in 1861 13,906
Two-years volunteers in 1861 30,950
Three-years volunteers in 1861-62 89,000
Total 133,856
This levy was the last one organized by concentration of super-
vision at three depots and the first one under the sole and supreme
control of the Governor. It was in many ways relieved from the
difficulties attending the organization of the previous levy. Instead
of the diluted responsibility of a military board there was the proper
military supervision by a single officer. There was a more thorough
and efficient organization of the staff departments and a larger
experience in the details of recruiting by those engaged in it.
Nearly all the accounts connected with the first levy, amounting
in the aggregate to nearly $3,000,000, had been audited in the
Inspector-General's office, and that experienced officer, General
Patrick, had charge of all expenditures for supplies under the sec-
ond levy, until relieved by the officers detailed to that service by
the War Department in October (1861). All the contracts for
these supplies were made by the Governor, under the authority
conferred August 5th. There was kept in the Inspector-General's
office by me a record of all contracts, of the receipt and issue of
supplies under them and of payment on account. Under Adjutant-
General Hillhouse's systematic supervision the personal records
were greatly improved. Two hundred and six candidates for the
62 Annual Report of the State Historian.
positions of regimental surgeon and assistant surgeon were ex-
amined by Surgeon-General Vander Poel. The general health of
the recruits in barracks was much better, partly owing to cooler
weather and more particularly to better arrangements and greater
experience. At New York General Arthur continued to represent
the Quartermaster's Department.
During this period there were no great military events, though
some at the time were regarded as of signal importance. On Au-
gust 2oth General George B. McQellan was placed in command
of the Army of the Potomac, the first page in the varied history
of that body. Under his supervision the chain of forts encircling
Washington was completed, and in a great camp of instruction
were gathered the regiments then in that vicinity and arriving there
from time to time. In defensive works and in the organization and
drilling of armies General McClellan had no superior in our service.
On the same day that he took command of that army there sailed
from Fortress Monroe a joint naval and military expedition under
Commodore Goldsborough and Generjd Butler, which captured
Fort§ Hatteras and Clark at the mouth of Pamlico Sound, thus
obtaining lodgment on the North Carolina coast that was never
relinquished to the end of the war. These successes somewhat
counterbalanced the defeat of forces in the battle at Wilsons Creek,
Mo., when our commanding officer, General Nathaniel Lyon, was
killed, the first officer of high rank lost on either side. The rebel
General Price subsequently invested the town of Lexington, occu-
pied by Colonel Mulligan of Illinois and his Irish Brigade, who
surrendered on September 20th. Colonel Mulligan was at Albany
a few weeks later, and I recall how we lionized him as a hero. I
had been slightly acquainted with him at Chicago some six years
earlier but lost sight of him after this meeting.
War of the Rebellion Series. 63
On October 21st occurred the disastrous battle at Balls Bluff
on the Potomac, perhaps, considering the force engaged, the most
disastrous battle of the war. Colonel Baker, the United States Sen-
ator from' Oregon, led our forces and was killed before the end of
the engagement, which comprised on our part a little less than
2,000 men, of whomi at least one-half were lost as killed, drowned
or missing. There were palpable evidences of mismanagement —
indeed General Charles P. Stone was arrested and incarcerated in
Fort Lafayette on this charge, and, though subsequently released,
never recovered his position.* This second disaster on the Poto-
mac, though not as important as the previous one at Bull Run, was
very disheartening. Our Forty-second Infantry, known as the
"Tammany Regiment," was engaged in it and lost heavily, and
its colonel, Milton Cogswell, was in command after the gallant
* General Charles P. Stone was born September 30, 1824, at Greenfield,
Massachusetts; graduated from West Point July i, 184S, and was assigned
to the ordnance corps. During the Mexican War he was attached to the
only siege battery in the army. He served on the staff of General Scott, and
distinguished himself throughout the campaign which ended in the capture
of the city of Mexico. He resigned from the army November 17, 1856, to
go in the banking business in San Francisco. To General Stone, more than
to any other officer, is due the credit of saving Washington from falling into
the hands of the insurgents in the spring of 1861. He was commissioned
colonel of the Fourteenth Regular Infantry May 14, 1861, and brigadier-gen-
eral United States Volunteers three days later; assigned to the Shenandoah
Valley and commanded at the battle at Balls Bluff. He was selected as the
victim for the blunders committed at that slaughter, and was incarcerated at
Fort Lafayette, N. Y., February 9, 1862, to August 16, 1862, without charges
being preferred against him. Subsequently he served in the southwest for a
time, but returned to the Army of the Potomac and commanded a brigade
before Petersburg in the latter part of the summer of 1864. He resigned
from the army September 13th of that year and eventually became- attached
to the Egyptian Army, where for " his valuable services in commanding,
organizing and administration," he was decorated by the Khedive several
times. He constructed the pedestal and colossal statue of " Liberty En-
lightening the World," on Bedloes Island, New York Harbor, 1886-7.
He died at New York city January 24, 1887, aged 62 years.
64 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Colonel Baker's death, and conducted the melancholy and deadly-
retreat across the Potomac.
On September 26th the President appointed Governor Morgan a
major-general of volunteers, the only appointment of the kind that
was made during the war. Governor Morgan accepted this posi-
tion with great reluctance, and only yielded to the urgency of the
President and Secretaries Cameron and Seward. The military
importance of New York in many respects, and particularly as the
source of armies, suggested the endowment of its Governor with
every possible token of authority. On October 26th the War
Department, by General Orders No. 92, created the Military Depart-
ment of New York, under the command of Major-General Morgan,
to whom all United States officers reported for duty within the bor-
ders of the State. General Morgan subsequently appointed Captain
George Bliss as his assistant adjutant-general and Lieutenant John
H. Linsly his aid-de-camp. The former had been in 1859-60 his
private secretary as Governor and subsequently was paymaster-gen-
eral on the State staff. Lieutenant Linsly was. his military secretary
as Governor.
On November ist was announced the retirement from active
service of Brevet Lieutenant-General Winfield Scott, then in his
seventy-sixth year, having served over fifty years, in the last twenty
of which he was in command of the army. It is not derogatory to
General Scott's fame to say that the unique character of the war
and his age and physical condition made his retirement necessary.
It will be to his lasting honor that, though like General Lee he
was a native of Virginia, he had a clearer conception of his alle-
giance as a citizen of the United States, and never wavered in his
loyalty. He died in May, 1866, having seen the Union fully re-
stored. The same order that announced General Scott's retirement
War of the Rebellion Series. 65
published the, President's appointment of Major-General McClellan
to the command of the army. He was in his thirty-fifth year when
he thus began his interesting military career as' the general-in-chief.
His past life had been in all respects creditable. As one of the
military commissioners sent by our Government to the Crimea dur-
ing the war there in 1855 he had written a valuable treatise upon
the " Organization of European Armies and Operations in the
Crimea," which was published by the Government. Resigning from
the army two years later to engage in railway management he vol-
unteered in the Ohio forces at the outbreak of the rebellion, and
on May 14, 1861, was appointed a major-general in the regular'
army that he had left two years earlier with the rank of captain. I
shall not attempt to describe a career about which so much has been
written and from such different standpoints. Whatever may have
been General McClellan's defects or shortcomings, he in the end
suffered most from that national craze of hero-worship that, pre-
vailing throughout the entire war, was more frantic in its earlier
period. This tendency was always capricious and unreasonable;
feeding upon deceptions and illusions, it was quite as unjust in its
adulation as in its condemnation. Some allowance must be made
for the natural excitements of those days of peril and uncertainty,
but it now seems strange that we believed such unfounded reports
and were so readily deceived concerning the vices or the virtues of
those in high position. I have mentioned (p. 57, supra) our faith
in the invincibility of " General Blenker." For a year after the
disaster at Bull Run it was generally believed that our defeat was
owing to the intoxication of General McDowell, in command, who
was represented as an habitual drunkard and anathematized even
from the pulpits, and though the truth was that he had always been
S
66 Annual Report of the State Historian.
a man of scrupulously sober habits, he never recovered from the
effects of these baseless scandals.
General McClellan attained the generalship of the army at a
remarkably early age. His successes in Virginia, west of the Blue
Ridge, had been accounted very brilliant amid the almost universal
disasters to our cause elsewhere. He was a man possessing many
elements of popularity in his personal appearance and address, and
had the power of attaching firmly to him those near his person and
to whom he gave his confidence. The task he had undertaken in
the organization, or rather the creation, of a grand army, so far as
drill and discipline could accomplish that end, was a work for which
he was peculiarly fitted by his temperament and training. The
national appetite for a hero was stimulated by our many reverses.
We did not as yet appreciate the transcendant character of that
patient, overburdened and faithful occupant of the " White House,"
who bore the responsibility of those dreadful days. General Mc-
Clellan was the champion, the warrior-defender of the Union, the
gallant chieftain who was to lead us to certain and early victory.
As I have observed above, the conditions were all favorable for an
exhibition of that hero-worship that as a nation we are so addicted
to,, and in this instance the fire was fed by the foolish adulation of
the hero's friends, who began to call him " the young Napoleon,"
and otherwise to associate him in the public mind with all the
famous soldiers of the past. The newspaper correspondents with
the army took up the theme and gave loose reins to their laudations
and imaginations. Many of General McOellan's misfortunes may
be fairly attributed to this universal folly and weakness.
On Tuesday, November 5th, occurred our State election, which
resulted in a complete change of all the State officers except the
Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, whose terms expired over a
War of the Rebellion Series. 67
year later. None of the other members of " the military board "
was renominated, and what was known as the " Union ticket " was
elected by the unprecedented majority of more than one hundred
thousand votes. The two prominent men so elected were Daniel
S. Dickinson, as Attorney-General, and Lucius Robinson, as Comp-
troller. Mr. Dickinson had been a State Senator, 1837-41; Lieu-
tenant-Governor, 1841-42, and United States Senator, 1844-51; also
holding other offices, all of them as a Democrat. In the division
of that party he was a " Hunker; " but the rebellion had opened his
eyes and, like Douglas and many others, he became an uncompro-
mising Unionist, and was the competitor of Andrew Johnson for
the nomination as Vice-President in 1864. Mr. Robinson was one
of the Free-soil Democrats who had acted with the Republican
party. He had been a member of the Assembly from Elmira in
the sessions of i860 and 1861, was reelected Comptroller in 1863 and
again on the Democratic nomination in 1875, and was elected Gov-
ernor in 1876, being tHe first officer in that position to serve three
instead of two years under the recent change in the Constitution.
At this same election there was chosen a Legislature that in both
bodies, particularly the Assembly, was representative in character
and energy of the patriotic exaltation of that first year in our cruel
war.
On November 8th we heard of the battle at Belmont, Mo., on the
previous day, where our forces were commanded by Brigadier-
General U. S. Grant, this being the first occasion when that officer's
name became generally known, a name thenceforth to be associated
only with victories. Several days later General McQellan issued
a congratulatory order (G. O. No. 99) in which he grouped this
battle of Belmont, the recent successes of General Nelson at Pike-
ville, Ky., and the reduction of the forts at Port Royal and capture
68 Annual Report of the State Historian.
of Beaufort, on the South Carolina coast, by the naval and army
expedition under Commodore Dupont and General T. W. Sher-
man. In contrast with the later and larger events of the war these
seem to afford scanty material for a War Department cry of exulta-
tion, but at that time we needed an encouraging tonic, and the
order was of great value in its influence upon the troops being col-
lected and converted into an army near Washington.
General Patrick had believed for some time that his proper post
of duty as inspector-general on the Governor's stafif was with that
army containing the largest part of the troops from this State.
There were many reasons why a representative of the State should
be near the troops — the volunteer organization preserved the dis-
tinction of States and appealed to State pride. All promotions to
the company and regimental offices were made by the Governor,
who needed unprejudiced information and advice as to the quali-
fications or conspicuously good service of those in line of pro-
motion; the presence of a State official of suitable rank would
strengthen the home attachment of the State troops, encourage
their esprit de corps and their contentment, while it also secured
a prompt means of communication between them ^d their friends
at home. Many other obvious reasons might be given, but Gen-
eral Patrick was content with an occasional visit " to the front "
until General McClellan began the work of organizing a grand
army. By November ist there were over twenty regiments of
infantry from this State in that body and many more almost ready
to join it. General Patrick's relations with General McClellan were
very cordial, and he had been at West Point with General Marcy,
the father-in-law of General McClellan. He convinced the Gov-
ernor that his place was now in the field, and on November 15th
reported to General McClellan and, as he wrote me, was accepted
War of the Rebellion Series. 69
as a volunteer aid on his staff. It was a brilliant staff, and in addi-
tion to the administrative officers comprised many distingfuished
persons appointed aides-de-camp under the recent act of Congress.
Aiftong these, with the rank of captain, were Louis Philippe
d'Orleans (Compte de Paris) and his brother, Robert d' Orleans
(Due de Qiartres),the former the Orleanist heir to the French throne.
About the middle of November we heard of the "Trent affair."
The Confederate government had commissioned Mr. Mason as dip-
lomatic commissioner to England and Mr. Slidell to France. They
got through our blockade and reached Havana and embarked in
the British steamer Trent for Nassau, where they would connect
with the regular line thence to England. Captain Wilkes, in com-
mand of the United States vessel San Jacinto, overtook the Trent
and forcibly took from it the rebel commissioners and brought
them to Boston, where they were incarcerated in Fort Warren, in
the harbor of that city, as " contraband of war." In our then ex-
cited condition there was general exultation over Captain Wilkes'
violent capture of the rebel emissaries. We had no idea of inter-
national law, and we viewed this violation of it as a proper exercise
of our right to suppress the rebellion. Almost without exception
the public expression was jubilant and laudatory. But soon came
the menacing echoes from England, the outcry against the violation
of neutral rights, the rapid military and naval preparations and the
prospect of a foreign war superadded to our domestic troubles.
There was some foolish ebullition of defiance, but to the thoughtful
the prospect was very threatening and almost fatal. In case of war
with Great Britain the brunt would have to be borne by New York.
Its long sea coast, its great vulnerable metropolis, its long boundary
at the north, coterminous with Canada, and its important ports on
the great lakes, were all points of probable attack or invasion. So
JO Annual Report of the State Historian.
soon as the intelligence of hostile preparations in England reached
this country, we who were engaged at the Governor's headquarters
recognized the gravity of the situation, and that under existing
conditions our State would have to provide largely for its own
defense. Indeed there were many official and semi-official intimations
from Washington that the threatened safety of that city would re-
quire the retention there of all the troops then near it, and that
few could be spared from other quarters should there occur a dec-
laration of war by England, as then seemed imminent — ^in other
words, that we would have to take care of ourselves. This was a
very serious consideration. Our organized militia, very feeble at
the best except in New York city, had everywhere been weakened
by the volunteering of a large part of its best element, since a
considerable share of the officers in the new regiments had been
drawn from the militia. There were several regiments within the
State not yet completed, but they were comparatively few and at the
best were raw and undrilled, and would count for little in a sud-
den contest with the disciplined soldiers of the regular British
army. So far as the approach from Cariada was concerned there
was some relief in the imminence of winter, which would lock up
the St. Lawrence in ice and make an invasion by land very diffi-
cult. We were more particularly concerned about New York city,
which, as the largest and most important of our commercial cities,
would be the principal objective point of a hostile navy, and Eng-
land was then the best equipped naval power in the world. Major
John G. Barnard, of the United States Engineer Corps, had in
1859 addressed a paper to the Secretary of War entitled " The
Dangers and Defences of New York," in which he demonstrated
the pressing need of stronger defensive works. There was in pro-
cess of construction a great granite fortress on Sandy Hook, which
War of the Rebellion Series. 71
was to control the entrance to the ship channels leading into the
outer bay, but this work was in a very incomplete condition, in
fact scarcely advanced beyond the foundations. The great change
in aggressive and defensive conditions since that day has led to
an abandonment of the plans and materials of this work. At the
Narrows there were two shore batteries and Fort Richmond, on
the Staten Island side, and Forts Lafayette and Hamilton, on the
Long Island side, but the armament both in number of pieces and
in their caliber was deficient. As there were no guns at Sandy
Hook, the engineers had decided that at least 300 pieces at the
• Narrows should be so mounted as to concentrate their fire upon
a vessel passing between them, but not half that number were then
available. At Governors, Bedloes and Ellis Islands only three-
quarters of the armament had been supplied, though it is now
evident that a fleet that had passed the Narrows might disregard
these inferior works and readily destroy the city. There were also
no works at all to prevent the disembarkation of a hostile army in
Gravesend Bay, and a repetition of the British advance from there
in August, 1776. The eastern entrance to the harbor by Long
Island Sound was defended only by Fort Schuyler on Throgs
Neck, where only 95 guns out of a complete armament of 300 had
as yet been supplied, while no works or guns had been prepared
for the opposite shore of Long Island at Willets Point. In fact,
the conditions of defence of the city were very faulty, and though
the United States engineers had plans for completing the works
and armaments so as to bring them fully up to the times, these
would require years, and the dangers we were confronting were
imminent. It was decided that shore batteries in earthworks might
be hastily constructed to prevent disembarkation in Gravesend Bay
and at Willets Point to further secure the natural gate at Throgs
"72 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Neck. As for the regular harbor channel entrances earthworks at
Sandy Hook mounted with heavy guns would guard the outer bay,
but as the Narrows were the real gateway to the upper bay and to
such an approach as would enable the bombardment of Brooklyn
and New York, there was a concentration of attention upon that
point. Besides consultations with General Totten and Major Del-
afield of the Corps of Engineers, the Governor appointed a com-
mission of eminent civil engineers to cooperate with General Ai;-
thur, engineer-in-chief on the staff, in devising some plan of defence
at this point and particularly to consider the methods of temporarily
closing the channel. This commission made an elaborate report
in April, 1862, recommending the closing of the passage by a float
of heavy timbers bound together by iron bolts and cables and secured
by cables to the shores and anchorage.* In the imminence of our
Trent troubles about half a million cubic feet of pine timber was
purchased at New York in the latter part of December, by order
of the Governor, at a cost of about $80,000, and arrangements were
made for the supply of a much larger quantity.! The Governor
also directed the purchase of 100,000 pounds of cannon powder,
which was stored in the United States miagazines on Ellis Island
in the harbor. Some attention was also given to the defences on
the lakes and northern frontier, though nothing practical was
attempted. Under the treaty of April, 1818, neither the United
States nor Great Britain could have upon the boundary lakes^ includ-
ing Lake Champlain, any naval vessels, except a single one on each,
of small burden armed with a single gun. At the time of the orig-
inal treaty it placed the two powers on equal terms, but since that
* The cost of such float was estimated at $1,118,915.60.
t The timber so bought was sold later at a large profit because of the great
advance in prices of all commodities.
War of the Rebellion Series. 73
date the construction of canals around the several rapids of the St.
Lawrence river and of the Welland canal, connecting Lakes Ontario
and Erie, would enable the British Government to place upon the
great lakes a fleet of war vessels at the very outbreak of hostilities.
These canals had locks that would admit gunboats from the lower
St. Lawrence river to Lake Ontario having a length of i86 feet,
a width of 44 1-2 feet and a draught of 9 feet, or of 600 tons,
and the Welland canal would admit vessels from Lake Ontario to
the upper lakes having a length of 162 feet, 26 feet beam and a
draught of 10 feet, or of 350 tons.
Our Erie canal locks would not admit boats with more than 98
feet of length, 17 3-4 feet width and 6 feet draught, or of less than
100 tons. We would therefore have to depend upon fitting out
the mercantile lake craft for naval purposes, and though I do not
doubt that had the pressing occasion required such a recourse, we
would have rapidly improvised an excellent navy on the lakes, we
would still have been at a great disadvantage with our antagonist,
who could have brought upon those waters its sea-going naval ves-
sels of small tonnage.
Such was the high pressure under which we served in those days
that the whole question of coast and frontier defence was rapidly
considered and the general line of conduct determined within a com-
paratively brief period. The terrible emergency never came, and
the threatening war cloud that had so suddenly gathered from over
the sea as suddenly passed away, but none of those who partici-
pated in the anxieties and discussions and bore a part of the respon-
sibilities in those portentous days can forget them. Had the con-
flict ensued we should have been in a terribly unprepared condi-
tion, our harbor and frontier forts in bad condition, with very inade-
74 Annual Report of the State Historian.
quate armament for them or for our improvised navies, and with
only a raw, hastily gathered militia to encounter the British regu-
lars seasoned in the Crimea and India. With little aid from the'
forces of the General Government, the menaced States would have
had to depend upon such resources as each could gather within its
borders and upon that peculiar American aptitude and inventive
faculty that have so often responded to the occasion. As . an
instance of the latter I recall a proposition made by an old Hudson
river steamboat captain, as suggested by his own practical experi-
ence. All the British naval vessels of any moment were propellers
and our captain advised that all the many shad-nets owned along
the Hudson should be gathered and arranged in the ship channels
abreast Sandy Hook and Fort Schuyler on the Sound. These nets
were to be both anchored and buoyed so as to float a few feet below
the surface, where the propeller blades would entangle and then
wind up the nets so tightly as to disable the propeller, while a
reverse motion would fail to disengage these hidden obstacles.
The captain said that on the Hudson, in the shad season, propellers
were thus disabled every year and he would engage that the Brit-
ish vessels would be unmanageable and kept within the range of
our shore batteries until well perforated.
During these exciting days the Trent " affair " was being diplo-
matically treated, and the negotiations 'ended in the release of Messrs.
Mason and Slidell on January i (1862), and placing them on a
British man-of-war, which conveyed them to Nassau, thus restoring
so far as possible the status quo. A perusal of the dispatches and
other State papers in this notable case does not disclose any appar-
ent settlement of the larger aspects of the matter at issue. The
discussion revived among our people the vexed and painfully sore
War of the Rebellion Series. 75
questions connected with that " right of search " that England
brutally enforced so long as our national weakness tempted it.
There were those living who could recall the national feeling during
and after the "war of 1812," and the avoidance of a fair settlement
of this dispute in the treaty that ended that war. It did seem to
the passionate and thoughtless that this right of search- was a very
one sided affair and I think that the prevalence of this sentiment
somewhat governed Secretary Seward in his negotiations. There
was no direct break-down on our part, but a flaw in our case was
conceded in that Captain Wilkes did not -papture the Trent as con-
traband of war and convey it to one of our ports for regular con-
denmation. However, the gist of the settlement was that passen-
gers in a neutral vessel could not be forcibly taken from her by a
naval vessel of a nation at war, even if such passengers were engaged
in concerns affecting the interests of that nation.
There was in the matter a plain reminder of the weakness of our
Coast and frontier defences that has never been practically heeded
and of which I may speak again.
On January ist the new State officers entered upon their duties in
the usual quiet way, except in the case of the treasurer, concerning
whose induction into office there was an unprecedented and ridicu-
lous opposition. Philip Dorsheimer, whose term as treasurer
expired on that day, was a typical German politician, having the
normal quantity of irascibility and obstinacy. He was rnuch
irritated by the fact that he had not been renominated and held
that Mr. Xewis who had been elected to his office having failed to
file his official bond prior to January ist was precluded from enter-
ing upon 'the office and that he (D.) was constrained to hold it.
It was a veritable tempest in a teapot, and there was the scandal
76 Annual Report of the State Historian.
of two treasurers — Mr. Lewis, who was recognized by the new comp-
troller, Mr. Robinson, and Mr. Dorsheimer, supported by Canal
Auditor Benton. There was much fun in this official contention
which fortunately for the public interests was settled by the decision
of Attorney-General Dickinson in such strong terms as compelled
the irate DoVsheimer to yield.
On January 7th -the Legislature convened in a session remark-
able in one respect at least, and that was in the almost absolute
limitation of its action to public purposes and in the absence of
jobbery. The immediately previous two or three sessions had been
notorious for the corrupt enactment of New York street railroad
charters and other like schemes — it was credibly asserted that what
is known as " the lobby " was never before so well organized, so
arrogant, so successful. For the previous half century the political
corruption in our State had been largely confined to the adminis-
tration, repair and enlargement of its canal system which had been
the principal bone of contention between the two parties so far as
touched our State concerns. The power of the Legislature to grant
franchises for the horse railways in the cities, particularly in New
York and Brooklyn, disclosed new and rich placers which were
worked to their full extent. When I went to Albany in May, 1861,
these corruptions were still discussed in spite of the distant but
audible thunder presaging the direful lightnings of four years of
war^
There were two reasons for this exceptional character of the
Legislature of 1862, and for its purity compared with its immediate
predecessors and its successors to this day. It was elected in the
early period of the war when we were all exalted by the vivification
of patriotism, and it performed this work while this exaltation was
War of the Rebellion Series. 77
bright and clear, as yet undimmed by the meaner motives and pur-
poses that at a later date tarnished and vitiated it. There were also
elected to the Assembly or lower house a larger proportion of pub-
lic spirited, experienced and honorable men than had been chosen
in recent years. Among these were Henry J. Raymond, the
brilliant editor of The New York Times, who had been a member
of the same body in 1850 and 1851, being its Speaker in the former
year and was in 1855 and 1856 Lieutenant-Governor of the State.
Calvin T. Hulburd, of St. Lawrence county, and subsequent mem-
ber of Congress for two terms; Charles L. Benedict, of Brooklyn,
United States District Judge since 1865; Lemuel Stetson, of Clinton,
who besides other offices held by him was a member of Assembly
in 1835, 1836 and 1842; Peter A. Porter, of Niagara, son of Peter
B. Porter, who was Secretary of War in 1828; Thomas S. Gray,
of Warren; Ezra^ Cornell, of Tompkins; Benjamin Pringle, of
Genesee; Tracy Beadle, of Chemung; Royal Phelps, of New York;
Benjamin F. Tracy, of Tioga, now* Secretary of the Navy; Chauncey
M. Depew, who thus began his public career, and many others of
similar high character, were among the members of this body, of
which Mr. Raymond was elected Speaker. The Senate, while not
containing so many distinguished men, was a highly reputable
body. The Governor's message was largely occupied by questions
connected with the conduct of the war, and these of course occupied
a great part of the attention of the lawmakers.
Theje had been for several weeks an increasing misunderstanding
on the part of the Governor and Inspector-General Patrick. The
latter said that he had been promised the rank of major-general in
the State service and every possible aid and support in his project
* This material was written in 1889.
78 Annual Report of the State Historian.
to represent the State troops in the field and carry out the several
purposes hitherto mentioned (page 68, supra). My official relations
to General Patrick as his acting assistant at Albany made me well
acquainted with his grievances, though I was never satisfied as to
the sufficiency of their grounds. He was a sincerely upright and
honorable man, but better qualified to deal with military than with
civil affairs. He was methodical, industrious and one of the most
open and transparent characters I ever knew. I think that there
was some secret influence operating against him either of a personal
or political nature and that Governor Morgan was anxious to get
rid of him, though I cannot believe that the Governor would have
wilfully deceived him. The controversy was a very disagreeable
incident to me, particularly as General Patrick, in his irascibility,
wanted to appeal from the Governor to the Legislature at a time
when harmony between those distinct authorities was more than
usually desirable. General Patrick's appointment as a brigadier-
general of volunteers led to his resignation from the Governor's
stafif early in February and fortunately ended the dispute. He subse-
quently became famous as provost-marshal-general of the Armies of
the Potomac and the James. His successor as inspector-general
was General C. A. Arthur, who was promoted from the position of
engineer-in-chief.
The recent danger of a foreign war suggested the lack of
defensive preparations upon our part, and several legislative com-
mittees considered this proposition, particularly in regard to our
naval forces on the lakes. The subject most discussed was the
enlargement of the canals and their locks so as to admit the passage
of gun boats, and several reports were made on this subject. State
Engineer Taylor reported that to convert the Champlain canal into
War of the Rebellion Series. 79
a ship canal would cost $3,750,000, and the enlargement of the locks
on the Erie and Oswego canals so as to admit the passage of gun-
boats of 400 tons would cost $3,500,000. Nothing practical came
of this discussion, but it was obvious that time would be required
for these enlargements that could not be spared in a sudden
emergency. I made the proposition that it would be much easier
to convey vessels from the Hudson to Lakes Erie and Ontario
by means of the double tracked Central railroad; the vessels to
rest in cradles supported by trucks running on each track with
proper inclined planes at the Hudson river and the lakes for draw-
ing out and again launching the vessels. This would require the
substitution of temporary tressel-work bridges for such as had the
track running on their lower chords and the temporary removal
of the canal viaduct near Syracuse, but these constructions and
removal could be simultaneously conducted and would occupy but
a short time. Mr. Taylor thought my plan feasible and I believe
it could have been carried out had occasion required.
There was some talk of taking the partially constructed Stevens
steam batte;-y at Hoboken and converting it into an efficient means
of harbor defense. The Hoboken Stevens family had a hereditary
interest in steam navigation through John Stevens and Robert L.,
his son. The former had rivaled Fulton in the practical construction
of steamboats and had proposed iron-clad batteries; the latter had
been commissioned by the United States government in 1842 to
construct according to his father's plans, improved by himself, a
floating iron-clad battery for the defence of New York harbor.
Work was immediately begun upon it, but the rapid alternative
development of ordnance and defensive armor interrupted its
progress and finally appropriations were withheld. Robert L.
8o Annual Report of the State Historian.
Stevens died in 1850, and his battery about half finished was on the
stocks at Hoboken when the war broke out. Our naval author-
ities were disinclined to recommend its completion and the success
of Ericsson's " monitor " naval vessels further diverted attention
from it. After the war a final effort was made by the Stevens family
to have it finished, but this failing it was broken up. Though it
never reached a practical trial it is interesting as an example of the
early appreciation of the modern iron-clad naval system by a dis-
tinguished and public spirited American engineer.
There were the usual number of inventors and projectors impor-
tunately pressing upon the notice of the Legislature their various
engines of war or novel means for defense. Nothing was done
however but to listen.
One of the earliest lessons of the war had been the inadequacy of
our State militia laws, and by the Governor's direction General
Wm. H. Anthon, judge-advocate-general on his staff, had prepared
the draft of a new law, which being introduced in the Assembly
was referred to the military committee. This bill provided for the
enrollment of able-bodied citizens between the ages of eighteen and
forty-five years as liable to military duty and forming the militia
of the State. This was divided into two classes — first the organized
voluntary force to be known as the National Guard, to be armed,
uniformed, equipped and otherwise aided at the expense of the State;
detailed and definite provision was made for the organization and
government of this force which under the terms of the Constitution
was entitled to the election of its own officers. The remainder of the
militia formed the reserve force subject to a draft of such number for
active service as the public exigencies might demand from time to
time, and detailed provisions were made for the conduct of such
War of the Rebellion Series. 8i
drafts when so required. General Anthon was a lawyer of ability,
and had carefully prepared this bill and discussed it before the com-
mittees of both houses. It was also considered, section by section,
in the houses, and after the amendment of details was passed by
a large vote in substantially the same general form as when intro-
duced. This law provided for the appointment of an assistant
inspector-general with the rank of colonel, to which place I was
appointed on April 23, 1862, the day after the passage of the law
which provided that the duties of the office should include the
auditing of all accounts for military purposes. My general duties
were the same as I had theretofore rendered, but were now recog-
nized as worthy of high rank.
Beyond the appropriation for the regular military establishment
no allotment of funds for future expenditures were made at this
session comparable with those for 1861. The sum of $50,000 for
reijnbursement of the militia regiments for their uniforms lost or
destroyed in active service in the last year and the sum of $500,000
for the payment of military expenses incurred in the State and not
oth,erwise provided for were appropriated. I was secretary of the
two boards of audit for claims payable from these appropriations.
It was now evident that the conduct of the war so far as con-
cerned expenditures for the organization and equipment of the
troops must be controlled by the United States, the States limiting
their outlay to the support of the militia not in the general service,
to works of benevolence, to such matters as concerned the appoint-
ment and promotion of regimental officers and the preparation and
preservation of the records of all troops from each State, to which
was added subseqviently the cost of bounties for enlistment. The
6
82 Annual Report of the State Historian.
State of New York had exceeded all others in its appropriation of
funds for the war. In April 1861, in addition to the $3,000,000 for
raising two years volunteers (Chap. 277), there was appropriated
$500,000 to provide arms and equipments for the militia and pro-
vide for the public defence (Chap. 292). Under the former appro-
priation a contract was made with Schuyler, Hartley and Graham,
of New York, on April 24,, 1861, whereby the senior partner, Mr.
Jacob R. Schuyler, was to proceed to Europe and purchase 25,000
stand of Enfield or Minie rifles or rifled muskets with bayonets
and fixed ammunition for the same, and on August 20th a similar
contract was made with the same parties to procure 10,000 stand
of like arms for the militia payable from the fund appropriated for
that end by Chapter 292. At the very outbreak of hostilities the
dearth of arms at the North had been a grave matter for considera-
tion. The national arsenals had been surreptitiously depleted and
their contents sent to the slave States. There were but two armories
making small arms, one at Springfield, Mass., and one at Harpers
Ferry, Va., and the latter was captured by the rebels in April (1861)
and destroyed by them when they evacuated that place two months
later, and the capacity at Springfield was probably not more than
100 muskets per diem, but a drop in the bucket, while the private
armories were not adapted to the making of military arms. There
was, therefore, a great demand upon the European stocks of these
articles, and agents of the United States and the various loyal States
were early abroad competing with speculative buyers and agents
of the insurgent States. Not only were arms of recent and improved
kinds bought, but the stores of discarded arms in every country
were gathered and sent to us. Old muskets from France, Austria,
Belgium and England were shipped in large quantities up to the
War of the Rebellion Series. 83
middle of 1863, and many scandalous transactions resulted from
the sale of these both to the United States and the States, and there
was also the danger of such an introduction into active service of
arms of different calibres as would confuse the proper distribution
of ammunition and lead to disasters. On June 17th a general
notice was issued by the chief of ordnance, that ammunition of the
calibre of the United States muskets would alone be issued. From
all these scandals and mishaps our State escaped through the good
management of its officials, and no arms were purchased except
Enfield rifled muskets of the regulation United States calibre of
.58 inch. Of these Mr. Schuyler obtained for the two years volun-
teers 19,000 stand, and for the militia 6,080 stand at an average cost
of about $17.60 delivered at New York. The competition in Europe
between the various agents became so strong and prices advanced
so rapidly, both through the demand for America and several
other countries, and the bids of speculators, that in November
Secretary Cameron requested the States to withdraw their agents,
leaving the procurement and supply of arms to th6 United States.
Of course there was a general compliance with this request. There
were purchased forty field pieces of 3.67 inch bore, rifled and rein-
forced at the breech on the " Parrott " principle, with carriages,
caissons, short battery and forge wagons, with solid and hollow
ammunition for the same. The guns known as " Parrott guns "
were contracted for and made under the supervision of Major
Richard Delafield, United States engineers, stationed at New York,
whose advice and active labor were always at our disposal. I may
add here that in the last two years of the war there was no dearth
of rifled muskets. The Springfield armory turned out 1,000 of them
daily, and the aggregate product by private armories equalled this.
84 Annual Report of the State Historian.
The period of the second levy by the State beginning July i, 1861,
may be considered as ending on March 31, 1862,* and the force
was distributed among the various arms of the service as follows :
65 regiments infantry 59.183 men
9 regiments cavalry. 8,742 "
2 regiments engineers 1,880 "
3 regiments artillery
4 battalions artillery > 6,584
9 batteries artillery
Total in new organizations 76,389
Recruits sent to regiments, etc., in the field 12,500
Total *88,889 "
On December 3, 1861, was issued General Order No. 105
of the War Departmient, announcing that no more regiments,
batteries or independent companies were to be raised by the
States except upon special requisition, and providing an elabor-
ate system of recruiting for regiments, etc., in the field.
During the winter General McClellan and his division and
brigade officers were actively engaged in drilling into effective
condition the troops assembled at and near Washington, the
greater part of them on the Virginia side of the Potomac. Not
only were there regular daily exercises in company, regimental
and brigade tactics, but frequent reviews whereby the army
became conscious of its size and condition, and gained the con-
* In this levy is included much the greater part of the effective cavalry,
engineers and artillery organized in the State during the whole war. The
regiment composing the levy had a longer service and on the whole more
severe service than the others.
War of the Rebellion Series. 85
fidence impaired by the disasters of 1861. General McClellan
deserves great credit for his abihty to convert these raw troops
into an army, and he gained by it that admiration and enthusiastic
attachment that survived his usefulness and was the cause of many
cabals and conspiracies injurious to the cause of the Unionists. The
muddy and impracticable condition of the Virginia roads was given
as the cause of inactivity, and no engagements occurred during the
whole winter, General Lee's line being in front of Manassas, so
that the two armies confronted each other for two months. Our
long remembered daily announcement in the papers "was "All is
quiet on the Potomac." This monotonous news irritated the
ardent and impatient and soon there was a counter demand for an
advance upon the enemy — " On to Richmond " was the cry that
became vociferous when we heard of the capture of Forts Henry
and Donelson on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers. When
we heard our commanding officer's reply to General Buckner's pro-
posal for a capitulation of Fort Donelson on February i6th in
these words : " No terms except an unconditional and immediate
surrender can be accepted. / propose to move immediately upon your
works," there was a thrill of exultation and pride in the heart of
every patriotic citizen, and thenceforth the name of " Ulysses S.
Grant " was a household word beneath every loyal roof-tree. The
demand for prompt and vigorous action on the Potomac was now
overpowering; the knowledge that the army was in excellent con-
dition and provided in every respect gave added strength to the
demand. Succumbing to the popular pressure an advance was
made on March 6th only to find the Rebel' army gone, the earth-
works provided with " Quaker " guns, the cantonment destroyed
and the whole plan of the campaign frustrated by this unexpected
86 Annual Report of the State Historian.
stratagem. The bitter disappointment and chagrin of our people
was only relieved by the announcement that General McClellan,
relieved from " the command of the army," that is of all the United
States forces (March nth), had projected a movement upon Rich-
mond upon the line of the James river. This radical change in the
road " On to Richmond " distracted all minds for the time from
criticism of the failure at Manassas, and relying upon the superior
intelligence and military genius of the general in command, we saw
with high hopes the Army of the Potomac embark for " the penin-
sula " between Qiesapeake bay and the James river.
No. 3.
THIRD LEVY-(FIRST PART) APRIL I, 1862, TO
DECEMBER 31, 1862.
THE record of the second levy ends with March 31, 1862,
but I have not included within that period tfie dramatic
episode of the Merrimac. It was known that the Confederate
government was fitting this old naval vessel as an iron-clad with
batteries protected by a sloping roof of iron plates and provided
with a " ram " at its bows. It was reported that her destination
was the seaboard cities of the North, and that New York was the
favored objective point. During the discussion in the Legislature
of the defenseless condition of that city so sharply suggested by
our recent fears of a war with England, this probable attack by
the Confederate iron-clad was considered and we again realized our
helplessness. Only one desperate resource remained, and that was
to collect in the upper bay all the available steam vessels, including
ferry boats and tugs, and in a compact fleet to bear down upon the
iron-clad and board her, and by mere overpowering numbers
smother her. It was a barbaric project, like a thousand naked
Indians overbearing a mailed knight; hundreds would be killed and
numberless vessels destroyed, but in the end the enemy must have
succumbed' to the swarm of assailants. On March 8th came the
telegraphic message from the Secretary of War that the Merrimac
had that day destroyed the Cumberland and Congress and disabled
the remainder of our fleet in Hampton Roads and would probably
leave there immediately for New York. There were hurried councils
88 Annual Report of the State Historian.
and telegraphic warnings sent to New York, where great alarm was
felt, but before any preparations could be even improvised we
heard of the theatrically opportune arrival of the " Monitor " at
Hampton Roads on March 9th and of the retreat of the Merrimac
at the end of that eventful day — a day that instantaneously changed
the methods of naval warfare. It was the second escape of New
York city within six months, and yet to this day when I write,
twenty-seven years later, no adequate defence for the great metro-
politan city has been provided.* Was there ever before such a
shiftless, happy-go-lucky people?
On April 2d General McQellan reached Fortress Monroe, where
his entire army of 115,000 men was soon after assembled to begin
the famous " Peninsula campaign " which has since been the cause
of so much discussion and acrimony. It was a splendid army both
in personal and material elements; it had the most enthusiastic
admiration for and confidence in its commander; every possible
resource of the government had been freely drawn upon for its
equipment; it had the good wishes, the confidence, the tearful
prayers of our loyal people. It was the first grand army and the
first great enterprise of that army in our efforts to restore the
Union. We read with pride and joyous anticipation that the first
advance would be to occupy the historic Yorktown, where the
surrender of Cornwallis had practically closed our Revolutionary
struggle and made us a nation. It seemed a happy augniry that
the first great encounter to preserve that nation would occur upon
that memorable field. Day after day we heard that our army was
confronting the rebel earthworks there; that breaching batteries were
being constructed and great guns brought up from the fort, and
that the attack was about to be made. I recall the discussions
* See Appendix " C."
War of the Rebellion Series. 89
around the Capitol, the newspaper dispatches, the official communi-
pations from Washington, the private advices from our troops, and
in all these there was the single hue of trust in the commander and
his army and reliance upon success. So those precious spring
days slipped away and the army confronted the earth-works
stretched across the peninsula for thirteen miles and so scantily
manned, and yet such a formidable bugbear that our splendid army
was paralyzed there for thirty days. We fretted at this obstacle,
though in our simple faith we believed it insuperable, and thought
our final triumph none the less assured because of the delay. And
when on May 5th the works were taken because there were no
troops defending them, we still were deluded by the idea that this
was scientific warfare- and therefore the best. Our small success
at West Point, on York river, and the evacuation of Norfolk by
the rebels seemed to be a foretaste of the speedy occupation of
Richmond. Then came the repulse of our fleet under Commodore
Rodgers at Drewrys Bluff, only eight miles below Richmond on
i
the James river, and on the 20th of May we read that our army
had reached the Chickahominy — a new, strange name not yet lurid
with bloody disasters and miasmatic poison. I need not recount
the story of those eventful weeks of alternate hope and depression,
of how the celebrated " Stonewall " Jackson foiled our Generals
McDowell, Banks and Fremont in the Shenandoah country and'
then rapidly joined his forces with Lee. From Seven Pines and
Fair Oaks to Malvern Hill the various battles were waged for five
hot pestilential weeks, and after a successful battle at Malvern Hill
we learned on the fourth of July that our army had on the previous
day retreated in disorder to Harrisons Landing on the James river.
We could not believe that this was the fatd end of our campaign
" On to Richmond;" we were beguiled by the announcement that
90 Annual Report of the State Historian.
a " change of base " had been accomplished, a new phrase that was
accepted as conveying the idea of consummate strategy. How
many of us remember our first acquaintance with that specious
phrase and its temporary consolations.
During these days of anxiety and suspense, matters had been
very quiet in the military department of the State. Recruiting for
regiments in the field was continued, but with very meagre
results. We were absolutely bewildered by the conflict between our
bright anticipations in May and the awful losses on the Chicka-
hominy. If such an invincible army led by a " young Napoleon "
could make no headway there was little encouragement for mere
civilians to enlist. Strenuous efforts were made to return to the
army the many absentees.*
Governor Morgan had daily a meeting of his staff to discuss
openly all matters, and the head of each department brought for-
ward matters for inquiry and consideration. Inspector-General
Arthur being resident at New York, I represented our department
at these daily reunions, which were productive of great benefit and
harmony to the military administration. The fearful slaughter in
the battles on the York and James rivers gave us a realizing sense
of war in its more awful aspects. The ready water communication
enabled the transportation of many of the wounded to purer air and
* In fact, absenteeism was a monstrous evil in the army. General Orders
Nos. 60 and 61 of the War Department early in June, 1862, were directed
against this insidious depletion of our active force. The latter orders said:
" The great number of officers absent from their regiments without sufficient
cause is a serious evil that calls for immediate correction," and this was in
the very midst of the desperate struggle on the James River. Subsequently,
in a Congressional investigation, it was asserted that hundreds of leaves of
absence and furloughs from the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsula
campaign were issued upon direct solicitation by Members of Congress.
Such a scandalc^us misuse of official influence astonished us, but we subse-
quently became more accustomed to the unwarrantable interference with
military matters by our legislators.
War of the Rebellion Series. 91
better attention at the North, where the land was aflame with pity,
sympathy and zeal. One steamboat brought a load of the wounded
to Albany, where they were transferred to the hospitals and engaged
the constant ministrations of the compassionate. The sanitary, and
Christian commissions now began on a large scale those benefi-
cent and wonderful tasks that will make their names immortal.
Surgeon-General Vander Poel's suggestion that a corps of volun-
teer surgeons be organized to aid the regular medical staff in the
field was approved by Secretary Stanton. General Vander Poel
*
organized such a special corps, comprising some of the most highly
qualified surgeons in the State^ who were commissioned by Gov-
ernor Morgan and under Surgeon-General Vander Poel's super-
vision rendered great aid in the field and hospital service during
the terrible spring and summer of 1862. General Vander Poel went
to Fortress Monroe in the latter part of April to superintend the
transportation of the sick and wounded to the more bracing air of
the North and made himself well acquainted with the needs of the
medical service.
The disasters to our troops in the Shenandoah country led to a
requisition upon us in the latter part of May for all our available
National Guard regiments for a three months service, and 8,588
such troops were within a few days sent forward to Washington
and the vicinity.*
On June 3d were issued general orders for the enrollment under
the recent militia law of all persons in the State liable to militia
duty. This work, under the provisions of the law, was to be per-
formed by the officers of the National Guard. It was directed that
* These regiments were Seventh, Eighth, Eleventh, Twenty-second,
Twenty-fifth, Twenty-seventh and Seventy-first. When their three months
term of service expired on September ist, there had been nearly twice their
number of new three year regiments sent to the field.
92 Annual Report of the State Historian.
the enrollment should be complete by July ist in order that the
State might be prepared to meet further requisitions for troops by
a draft from the great mass of the enrolled militia. There were,
however, great differences of opinion in our staff council as to the
expediency of abandoning volunteer enlistment and resorting to a
draft. There had been two general orders issued providing for the
organization of volunteers, one on November 26, 1861 (No. 113),
and one on May 23, 1862 (No. 31), neither of which had accom-
plished any considerable result. This, however, was not so much
attributable to the methods and their details as enjoined by such
orders as to the general apathy prevalent at that period originating
in the military conditions. Early in January a mixed military and
naval expedition under General Ambrose E. Burnside and Commo-
dore L. M. Goldsborough had sailed from Fortress Monroe for
the North Carolina coast and obtained a lodgment on Roanoke
Island which was the base of an occupation on Pamlico Sound that
was never relinquished. Then we had the good news about Forts
Henry and Donelson in Western Tennessee. About the end of
FebTuary General Butler and Captain Farragut left Fortress Monroe
with a mixed military and naval force for Ship Island, in the Gulf
of Mexico, and in April came the glorious news of the passage of
Forts St. Philip arid Jackson, on the Mississippi river, and then of
the capture of New Orleans. In this same month (April 6-7) was
fought the desperate battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing in
Tennessee near the Mississippi boundary, followed by our posses-
sion of the Mississippi river down to Vicksburg. But all these
successful enterprises were in the West and Southwest, and our
attention in New York was directed more to the Army of the
Potomac, largely composed of our regiments. In fact during the
entire war our closest sympathies were with this army — we had
War of the Rebellion Series. 93
regiments in other armies, I might say in all other armies; we
mourned over our defeats and exulted over our victories where-
ever and by whomever fought, but still the armies in Eastern
Virginia were not only nearest in distance but closer to our hearts
and our imaginatioil. Fromi November ist to March ist that army
was practically on guard in front of Washington, and the tiresome
reiteration of its inaction, of its petty affairs of parades or discom-
forts, roused no such depth of interest or feeling as would stimulate
recruiting.
The enrollment of the militia, impeded by the absenc^ of so many
officers of the National Guard in service, was not half com-
pleted when the series of disasters on " the Peninsula " ending in
the retreat to Harrisons Landing, brought us face to face with the
supreme peril of our cause and there was the most grave appre-
hension throughout the North. Upon an original invitation by
Governor Morgan, nineteen Governors of the loyal States united
on June 28th in an address to the President proposing that " in
view of the important military movements now in progress and the
reduced condition of our effective forces in the field " they respect-
fully request the President to call upon the several States for such
numbers of men as would fill up the regiments in the field and also
add largely to the volunteer armies then in the field, and furthermore
expressing the strong desire of the citizens they represented " to aid
promptly in furnishing all the reinforcements you may deem needful
to sustain our Government." This vigorous address was answered
in an equally prompt and vigorous tone by the President on July
1st in a call for 300,000 additional volunteers, to be chiefly infantry.
In the meantime the situation had been fully discussed and it was
determined to adopt a new plan of recruitment, and one that, while
stimulating local pride and emulation, would also engage the active
94 Annual Report of the State Historian.
assistance of eminent and influential men in every part of the State.
There are thirty-two State Senatorial Districts, and in each of these
a regimental camp was to be established, and a district military
committee composed of twelve or more prominent citizens selected
from both .political parties.* On July 2d Governor Morgan issued
a stirring proclamation setting forth the pressing need of reinforc-
ing the armies and appealing to all patriotic citizens to aid.f Thpn
began the most glorious and purely patriotic endeavor of our Em-
pire State, when her vast resources and endurance were strained
to the utmost with such an outcome in men, considering their
numbers and quality, as has never been surpassed. Then the days
of labor by the Governor, the staff and subordinates seldom ended
before midnight, and often were prolonged far beyond that hour.
On July 7th were issued General Orders No. 52, prescribing the
details of enlistment and organization of the troops to be raised
under the President's call. Regimental camps were to be estab-
lished in each Senatorial District, except in the first seven districts,
comprising the counties of Suffolk, Queens, Richmond, Kings and
New York, within which metropolitan districts persons organizing
regiments might select the location of the camp subject to the
approval of the Governor. A commander of each proposed regi-
ment was to be designated by the Governor, to be commissioned on
its completion; and in addition an adjutant, quartermaster and sur-
geon; the first two, upon the nomination of the commander, were
to be appointed in advance by the Governor, and immediately mus-
tered into service. Upon the application of persons approved by
* Unfortunately I am not able to give a list of the committeemen, which
would form rolls of honor similar to the lists of like patriotic " War Com-
mittees " immediately before and during our Revolutionary War.
t Among the many responses to this appeal, reinforced by patriotic heat,
was the proposal of a Sunday school teacher in New York to raise a com-
pany of soldiers to be composed of " professors of religion." No discrimi-
nation as to sect was named, but probably it " went without saying " that no
Quakers were expected to enlist in the choice company.
War of the Rebellion Series. 95
the regimental commanders, the Governor would issue certificates
granting authority to enroll volunteers, and entitling each person
so authorized to the commission of second Heutenant when not
less than thirty men were enrolled by him and had been mustered;
of first lieutenant when not less than forty such men had been
mustered, and of captain when eighty-three, the minimvmi of a-
company, had been mustered. Provision was made for the mus-
ter into service of the company and field officers when the proper
number of recruits and companies had been mustered in. The
pay of the enlisted men began from the date of enrbUment, and
of officers from the date of muster in. All the proper expenses of
recruitment were payable by the United States mustering officers,
and subsistence in camp was furnished by contractors, paid by the
General Government. Clothing, equipments, etc., were to be issued
to the proper regimental staff officers, upon requisitions upon the
chiefs of the State military departments, who in turn obtained their
supplies by requisition upon the proper officers of the General
Government. There had been a gfreat advance since the first
levy. The Governor, as commander-in-chief, was now the supreme
power and selected the commandants of the prospective regi-
ments; authority to recruit came from him, upon the approval
of these commandants, and every vestige of the system of election
of officers had disappeared. We had learned that war was such
a barbarous institution that it could not.be conducted upon the
democratic principles of our civil poHty. The autocratic concen-
tration of power in the Governor gave energy and harmony to
our work, and this effect was manifested in every direction.* Now,
* But this was in reality a violation of the State Constitution, which pro-
vided that the militia should elect its own officers; and the volunteers were a
part of the militia, for if they were not, then how could the Governor appoint
and commission them? The United States Constitution provides that offi-
cers of the United States shall be appointed by the President and Senate, so
these officers of volunteers were not officers of the United States; and if
96 Annual Report of the State Historian.
too, we enjoyed fully the advantages of our Governor's position
as major-general, which enabled prompt and favorable arrange-
ments with the United States military establishment. Captain
Henry C. Hodges, of the United States Quartermaster Depart-
ment, was detailed as quartermaster on Major-General Morgan's
staff. He was an excellent officer, efficient, vigorous and cour-
teous. He is now a deputy quartermaster-general. Captain George
W. Wallace, of the First United States Infantry, one of the unfor-
tunate paroled officers of Twigg's command in Texas, was com-
missary of subsistence on the staff. He is now a lieutenant-colonel
on the retired list.* The contracts made through thiese officers by
the Governor aggregated a large sum, of which I kept a record
and a copy of each contract, with a debit and credit account of
all deliveries of supplies and payments thereon, and upon my check
of the accounts they were approved by the Governor. Under this
call it became necessary to concentrate at New York the requisi-
tions for uniforms, blankets, tents, etc., to be filled there by Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Vinton, deputy quartermaster-general United States
Army, whose depot of supplies was on Broadway near Canal street.
This concentration of work in New York, where General Arthur
was resident, and more particularly his superior ability, caused an
exchange of places between him and General Van Vechten, the for-
mer becoming, on July 9th, the quartermaster-general and the lat-
ter, inspector general.f
officers of the State, they were officers of the militia, the appointment of
which that instrument concedes to the several States. It was another
instance of the supreme need to suspend certain constitutional obligations in
order to save the Union.
* Colonel Wallace was promoted major of the Sixth Infantry in 1862; lieu-
tenant-colonel of the Twelfth Infantry in 1866. He was retired December
IS, 1870, and died 12 October 1888.
t Regarding General Arthur's Headquarters, see Appendix B, " Head-
quarters, Depots, Etc."
War of the Rebellion Series. 97
Congress during the session ended July 17th had provided that
every volunteer enlisting for three years should receive, when mus-
tered into service, one-quarter of the bounty of $100 provided by
the act of July 22, 1861, and might also draw at the same time
one month's pay. These were inducements to some extent, since
they gave the recruit a fund to leave with his family, but in the
competition between counties and States there was being paid in
Massachusetts and Connecticut a further bounty which placed us
at a serious disadvantage, and the discussions at our staff meetings
led to the conviction that some further encouragement must be
offered, and that to prevent rivalry and extravagant competition
and outbidding, a uniform State bounty was advisable. Fortu-
nately we had not only an energetic and courageous Governor,
but an equally so Comptroller in Lucius Robinson. The State
Constitution, in terms, forbade the payment of any money from the
treasury or the contracting of any debt upon public account, except
in pursuance of a law enacted by the Legislature. The Governor
had power to convene that body, but this would delay action that
must be immediate, if at all, and besides it was undesirable to
add to the difificulties and distractions of that period by the con-
vocation of a body that once in session would have power to trans-
cend the purposes for which convoked. The Governor and Comp-
troller, after conferences with the officers of the principal banks
at Albany and New York and the counsels of many prominent
citizens, concluded to take the responsibility of borrowing and
expending enough money to pay a bounty of fifty dollars to every
recruit when mustered into service, enlisting either in the regi-
ments about to be raised or in those in the field. These sagacious
and intrepid officers believed that our patriotic citizens would insist
that this action should be legalized by the Legislature at its next
7
98 Annual Report of the State Historian.
session, and the general acquiescence and applause by the public
press, when their determination was announced, seemed an earnest
that they would not suffer.*
On July 17th the Governor issued a proclamation setting forth
the desirability of a uniform bounty, the exigent demand for some
action and that such a bounty of fifty dollars would be paid to each
recruit. General Orders on July 19th prescribed the details of pay-
ment of this bounty, one-half when the recruit was accepted and
the other half when his regiment was mustered into service. Under
this 'stimulant, but more particularly through the general popular
sentiment as to the need of military reinforcements, the patriotic
endeavor of the several district committees and the emulation of
localities, the enlistments day after day exceeded by iar any period
of the war. The staff departments were humming like beehives;
committeemen from every district were arriving and departing;
a,uthorizations to raise companies were issued daily by the hun-
dred and every nerve and muscle were strained to keep pace with
the popular ardor and to provide for the swarms of recruits at every
camp. In the meantimie the enrollment of the militia was slowly
progressing, and as it was a menace of the much-feared draft, it
added to the incentives to rapid recruitment. I also had iii hand
the preparatory work for the several auditing boards for military
claims, of which I was the secretary. The unprecedented rapidity
of enlistments and their collection at so many camps caused the
issue of General Orders No. 62, on July 28th, providing for a sys-
tematic and regular inspection of the camps by the Inspector-
General's Department. For this purpose Colonel John Bradley,
* The total amount of the bounties paid under this arrangement reached
$2,721,050, and the Legislature at its session in 1863 passed an act legalizing
the payment and providing means to reimburse the patriotic banks that had
advanced the funds.
War of the Rebellion Series. 99
who had been acting as our State agent at Washington, ancl Colonel
Elliott F. Shepard, one of the Governor's aids, were attached to
our department as acting assistant inspector-generals. The State
was divided into four grand districts of inspection: General Van
Vechten taking the metropolitan district of New York city. Long
and Staten islands; to me were assigned the camps at Yonkers
and Sing Sing, Newburgh and Goshen, Poughkeepsie, Kingston,
Hudson, Albany, Troy, Salem, Plattsburgh, Schoharie, Fonda.j and
Mohawk and Herkimer. The other camps were divided between
Colonels Bradley and Shepard. A sketch of my duties under this
order for three weeks may give a clear idea of the great work of
reinforcing our armies that was so successfully and gloriously accom-
pUshed by our State in the summer and autumn of 1862. On July
29th I left Albany early for Newburgh, where, after a hurried con-
ference with some members of the district committee, one of their
number, Mr. A. Post, accompanied me to New Windsor to see
Mr. A. Van Horn Ellis, the selected commandant of the regiment.
Mr. Ellis had a beautiful residence on the banks of the river and
every reason to enjoy life. He was one of the devoted men of
the day who felt that their place was in the field of danger. After
some talk as to the relative merits of Newburgh or Goshen as the
location of the camp, I left for Kingston, where Mr. George H.
Sharpe had been selected as commandant of what was to be the
One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment. The camp was placed
upon a plain near the village, and some recruits were already
collected and under canvas. The adjutant and quartermaster were
gaining some intelligence in their duties. On the 31st I visited
Hudson, where David S. Cowles, a prominent lawyer, had been
selected as commandant of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth
Regiment. Few recruits had as yet been collected, but the reports
loo Annual Report of the State Historian.
were very favorable. Here, as at Newburgh and Kingston, I was
deeply impressed by the earnest and serious interest in military
matters evinced by every one I met. The members of the district
committees were very active, but it was the general popular sense
of the gravity of the situation that was most noteworthy. On
August 1st I reached Fonda, where many recruits were collected,
as also at Mohawk, where the camp was being laid out upon a
height above the river, opposite Herkimer. Upon my return to
Albany I induced the Governor to modify his order that barracks
should not be built, but tents issued for encampment, for such were
the increasing numbers of enlistments that tents could not pos-
sibly be procured in time. On Monday, the 4th of August, I
inspected the One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment at Albany,
which was quartered at the " industrial school " barracks, occupied
by us sincfe April of the previous year. Many of the new reginients
were to be commanded by oii&cers of the regular army and others
by experienced ofificers from our State volunteer regiments in thC'
field. They thus went into service with a great advantage over
those of the earlier levies. The colonel of the One Hundred and
Thirteenth was Captain Lewis O. Morris, of the First Regiment
Artillery, United States Army. He was killed before Cold Har-
bor on June 4, 1864, and Major E. A. Springsteed was killed in
action at Reams Station, Va., on August 25, 1864. The regi-
ment had been converted into the Seventh Heavy Artillery.
I reached Plattsburgh on the morning of August 5th, where the
camp had been placed at the old United States barracks on the
bluff overlooking Lake Champlain, south of the village. This regi-
ment (the One Hundred and Eighteenth) was commanded by Sam-
uel T. Richards, an experienced militia officer and excellent dis-
ciplinarian, who had already begun the erection of additional quar-
War of the Rebellion Series. ioi
ters near the barracks. The next day I was at Salem, Washington
county, where the One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment was
organizing under the command of Archibald L. McDougall, a young
lawyer of Salem, and who died June 23, 1864, of wounds received in
action near Dallas, Ga. Lieutenant- Colonel Franklin Norton of
this regiment was killed, at the battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
At Troy, the next day, I found a large collection of recruits in
a camp on the banks of the Hudson north of the city. The adjutant
and quartermaster, overburdened by their regular duties, could give
no attention to the discipline, and everything was in a disorganized
state. Hon. John A. Griswold, a wealthy and prominent citizen
of Troy, was the titular commander until relieved by Captain George
L. Willard, Eighth Regiment Infantry, United States Army. I
learned that the district committee was in session in the city hall,
whither I repaired and made a most vigorous protest against the
condition of the camp, threatening to advise the transfer of recruits
to Albany. Being told that Mr. Griswold could not take active
command at the camp, I induced the selection of Colonel Levi Cran-
dell, an old militia officer, and who became lieutenant-colonel of
the regiment (the; One Hundred and Tvventy-fifth). Colonel Wil-
lard was killed at Gettysburg, and Major Aaron B. Myer died of
wounds received in the Wilderness. I mention the names of the
field officers of these regiments that were killed in battle to show
the great mortality on that account.
On the 8th I went to Schenectady to see if Prof. Elias Peissner,
of Union College, could be selected as commander of the regiment
in that district, but learned that he had accepted the command of
a regiment organizing in New York, and which became the One
Hundred and Nineteenth. Colonel Peissner was killed at the bat-
tle of Chancellorsville, Va. The regiment in this district was the
I02 Annual Report of- the State Historian.
One Hundred and Thirty-fourth, with camp at Schoharie, which
I visited on the 9th and found some progress made. The tem-
porary commander was Brigadier-General George E. Danforth, of
the National Guard, but the colonel was Captain Charles R. Coster,
first lieutenant Twelfth Infantry, United States Army, who had
not yet reported for duty. From the 9th to the i ith I was engaged
in cleaning up my ofi&ce work at Albany.
The reports from all parts of the State were of a most encourag-
ing character, and the regiment (One Hundred and Seventh) at
Elmira was about complete and several others were nearly so. Gov-
ernor Morgan was absolutely indefatigable. He had a vigorous
physical constitution that enabled him to work sixteen hours a day
in these momentous days, and everyone else responded, though
some of them at the risk of health and life. Adjutant-General Hill-
house had a great capacity for work and had ai\ excellent staff of
clerks. The correspondence and personal conferences cbnducted
in this office at this time were very large. Quartermaster-General
Arthur exhibited great executive ability, though embarrassed by
the failure of the United States officers to fill his requisitions. In
fact, the unexpectedly rapid progress of enlistment astounded every-
one.* On August nth I went to New York to confer with Gen-
eral Arthur about supplies for the One Hundred and Thirteenth,
One Hundred and Fifteenth, One Hundred and Twentieth and One
Hundred and Twenty-first regiments in my district, all of which
were . rapidly approaching completion. I also submitted plans of
* On August 9th was published the order of the President, dated on the
4th, for a draft of 300,000 militia to be called into immediate service for nine
months, the maximum term under the act of July 17, 1862. General Orders
No. 99 of the War Department provided that the draft should be conducted
under orders of the Governors of the several States. The imminent pros-
pect of a draft greatly stimulated the endeavors of the several localities to fill
their respective quotas. An account of the enrollment and the reasons for
abandoning the draft will be given later.
War of the Rebellion Series. 103
temporary barracks that I had recommended at the several camps,
of light and rough construction, sided and roofed with inch hem-
lock boards and constructed by the recruits, among whom there
were artisans of every kind. Separate buildings 96 feet long by
20 feet wide, 13 feet high on the sides and 19 1-2 feet high at
the roof peak, were of the most convenient size, enabling the use
of 13-foot boards without cutting, except for large doors and gable
windows at the ends. Four rows of bunks, each three tiers high,
extended the full length, and afiforded accommodation in each build-
*
ing for 180 men. The sides were not battened, but spaces werte
left between the boards, affording sufficient ventilation, though the
later regiments complained of this free admission of air in the
cooler weather. The contractors for subsistence usually built in
the same manner the mess rooms and kitchens, while the officers
were generally provided with wall tents. Of course these struc-
tures were flimsy and unsubstantial, but they subserved their pur-
pose at a very trifling cost, since the lumber had a certain value
after this temporary use.
On the I2th I inspected the camp at Goshen, where five barracks
such as I have described were completed, but the messroom and
kitchens not being yet done the recruits were being boarded about
town at a cost of about thirty-five cents each per day. Colonel
Ellis, of this regiment (One Hundred and Twenty-fourth), and
Major Cromwell were killed at Gettysburg. I went the next day
to Sing Sing, where I found very little progress made and a gen-
eral opinion that the camp should be located at Yonkers, which I
telegraphed to Governor Morgan, and received permission to so
change the camp. This change, however, delayed the completion
of the regiment, which otherwise would have been one of the very
first mustered in. It was organized as the One Hundred and
I04 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Thirty-fifth Infantry, and subsequently became the Sixth Artillery.
The xolonel was Captain William H. Morris,* assistant adjutant-
general, United States Volunteers. The lieutenant-colonel, J. How-
ard Kitching, who succeeded to the command of the regiment, died
January lo, 1865, from wounds received in action. At Kingston,
the next day (August 14th), I found great progress had been made ;
444 men mustered and 400 morereported as enlisted; but the quarters
were inadequate, and as none of the men were uniformed there were
more of them loafing about the village than there were in camp,
where they appeared merely as a mob. Adjutant Tuthill was so
absorbed in his routine work that he could give no attention to
other matters, and Colonel Sharpe was engaged in a personal can-
vass of his district to urge enlistments, and so could not attend
to the discipline in camp. Captain S. S. Westbrook had completed
his company and been mustered into the United States service, and
* General William H. Morris was born in Fordham, Westchester county,
N. Y. Graduated from West Point in the class of 1851. He was assigned
to the Second Infantry, but resigned in 1854 to become assistant editor of the
New York Home Journal, where he was found at the outbreak of hostilities.
He served in the defenses of Washington as captain and assistant adjutant-
general from August 20, 1861, to March, 1862. In the Peninsula campaign
he acted on the stafif of General J. J. Peck and took part in the siege of
Yorktown and the battles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks. He was ap-
pointed colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-fifth New York Volunteers,
which later became the Sixth Heavy Artillery. As brigadier-general he was
in command at Harpers Ferry and Maryland Heights from December, 1862,
to June, 1863; in reserve at the battle of Gettysburg; engaged at Wapping
Heights July 23, 1863; in the Rapidan campaign; in the action of Locust
Grove, Va., November 29, 1863; in the Richmond campaign, Army of the
Potomac; the battle of the Wilderness May S, 1864; battle of Spottsyl-
vania May 9, 1864, where he was severely wounded. He was rnustered out
of service August 24, 1864. Was brevetted major-general March 13, 1865,
for gallant services in the battle of the Wilderness. He is the inventor of
the conical repeating carbine and automatic ejecting revolver. He was the
author of a system of infantry tactics. He was a member of the Constitu-
tional Convention of the State of New York in 1867, chief of ordnance of
the State of New York January i to October 26, 1870, and inspector-general
, January i, 1873, to December 31, 1874.
War of the Rebellion Series. 105
upon my suggestion was made acting commandant of the camp,
where he soon assembled the recruits, who, though as yet deprived
of their equipment, were well sheltered and fed. Indeed the sub-
sistence furnished this levy was of an excellent quality, and the
contractors seemed to have imbibed the patriotic fervor of the hoiu".
In some cases the rations were enriched by extra articles furnished
by the district committees. I recall butter as so furnished at Hud-
son, and other " camp luxuries " at other places. At Hudson I
found the camp on the agricultural fair grounds, and some need-
lessly extravagant barracks being built, though I arrived in time
to change the plans of three of them. Colonel Cowles, of this regi-
ment (One Hundred and Twenty-eighth), was killed in action at
Port Hudson. I then inspected the camps at Fonda and Mohawk,
both placed upon sightly hills with excellent drainage, but far from
any water supply. At both places the buildings were completed
and a change of location unadvisable. These camps were fortunate
in the contractor for rations, Mr. John H. Starin, who has since
become a very wealthy and prominent citizen of our State, but
none of whose business concerns can have been more creditable
than were these contracts to feed our recruits, in which he exhibited
his great business sagacity and enterprise, supplemented by patriotic
ardor. He supplied at his own expense water-works, whereby both
these camps had an abundance of pure water. The regiment at
Fonda (One Hundred and Fifteenth) was commanded by Colonel
Simeon Sammons, Mr. Starin's uncle, and that at Mohawk (One
Hundred and Twenty-first) by Colonel Richard Franchot. The
latter, who was then a member of Congress, had accepted the com-
mand as locum-tenens for Lieutenant Emory Upton, of the Fourth
Regiment Artillery, United States Army. On the i8th I was en-
gaged all day in making the final provision of supplies for the One
io6 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment at Albany, which the next day-
was fully mustered, all bounties and advance wages paid, and on
that evening (19th) started for Washington, being the first regi-
ment going forward from my grand district.
On the morning of the 19th I was at Plattsburgh, where every-
thing was in fine condition, and at the evening parade about 650
men of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment were in line,
exhibiting a state of discipline and training quite honorable to
Colonel Richards and Adjutant Charles E. Pruyn, the latter of
whom, subsequently promoted to the majority, was killed in action
before Petersburg in June, 1864. I found several deserters in arrest,
as also one Antoine Bouchard for assisting desertion. The prox-
imity of the Canadian border at this point, readily accessible by
Lake Champlain, made this one of the principal points for the exit
to Canada of both deserters and copperheads. Mr. Ladue, the
sheriff of Clinton county, and his deputies were kept constantly
engaged in guarding against these desertions.
Military matters in Virginia were now more urgent and impor-
tant than ever. General Pope was now in command of our main
army, but the rebels, encouraged by McClellan's unsuccessful cam-
paign, were threatening Washington. On August 9th our Gen-
eral Banks had been defeated at Cedar Mountain by " Stonewall "
Jackson, and there were indications of an advance in force upon
the capital. The demand for reinforcements were almost daily, and
Governor Morgan was straining every nerve to meet them. On
the 20th I received an order from him to send daily at 8 p. m. a
brief report of every ^matter of importance connected with the
regiment I had inspected, particularly the date when ready to
move, and my " proposed destination for the next ensuing day."
From Plattsburgh I went to Salem, where I found the regiment
War of the Rebellion Series. 107
two-thirds full and in good condition. I took tea with Colonel
McDougall and his wife at their pleasant home, where in less than
two years she became one of the thousands of widows whose mourn-
ing pervaded the land. I recall her gentle melancholy that even-
ing as if dark forebodings assailed her heart.
The next day, at Troy, I found the One Hundred and Twenty-
fifth Regiment nearly full, and from there again to Fonda, where the
One Hundred and Fifteenth only lacked a few of completion.
Upon reporting in person to the Governor on the 23d, he said
that he was much embarrassed about the payment Si so many
regiments to be completed almost simultaneously; that Paymaster-
General George Bliss had accepted as assistants in this work Col-
onel Arden, one of his aides, and Mr. Frederick G. Burnham'. But
the Governor did not deem this aid sufficient, and had proposed
that I should also make these payments, Colonel Bliss, a man of
remarkable energy and activity, ever insistent upon the control
of his own field of labor, had protested against my detail, saying
he would not be responsible for me under his bonds. The Gov-
ernor, however, did detail me, being himself my only surety, and
I subsequently paid the bounty tO' twelve regiments, the total sum
received by the enlisted men in these being $553,225 (to 11,065
men). I will add here that Colonel Bliss was soon reconciled to
my detail, treated me with kind consideration and publicly thanked
me for my assistance. I paid regiments at Fonda, Mohawk, Syra-
cuse, Buffalo, Portage, Jamestown, Brooklyn, Troy and Staten
Island. Thus in inspection and pay duties I was enabled to view
the progress and character of this levy in all parts of the State.
This payment of bounty was the most severe and exacting labor
I ever performed; everything was pressing and hasty; daily tele-
grams to the Governor from the President or Secretary Stanton
io8 Annual Report of the State Historian.
urged the need of prompt reinforcements, and the Governor, in
turn, furiously spurred all his subordinates to incessant activity.
The regiments were mustered into the United States service on the
day before or often on the very day of payment, and the muster-rolls
were in many cases very confusing and misleading, particularly
where there had been a cotemporaneous equalization of companies,
so that the ofificers and the men themselves were uncertain where
they belonged. At the same time the State bounty was being
paid the United States paymaster was paying the advance
of United States bounty and the month's pay, and the allotment
commissioners were procuring the allotments of pay. There was
the further difficulty that a part of the men had received a moiety
of the State bounty and another part had not, and as the regiment
was under orders to march the very next day after the payment,
there was no chance for the correction of any errors. I was totally
unversed in the counting of money, and these separate sums, a
thousand for each regiment, had to be counted, not behind a quiet,
safe, bank counter, but in the open air, amid a hundred distrac-
tions, with a rough packing case for a table, and sometimes in
a breeze that threatened to disperse money and pay-rolls in a
most irregular manner. Our money was in the then novel form
of " greenbacks " or Treasury notes,* fresh from the printing
press, and the soft, green pigment constantly coated my fingers
so that I had to have a basin of water beside me in which to wash
them at frequent intervals.
* These " greenbacks " were an interesting novelty at every camp where I
had disbursed them. It may be appropriate to say here that the National
Bank system inaugurated by Secretary Chase was practically the same as
the Free Bank system in operation in New York State since 1842 — at least
in the basic method of securing the notes issued for circulation. The system
had been imperfectly imitated in other States, but in New York the security
exacted was as stable as that on which the National Bank notes rest.
War of the Rebellion Series. 109
My first payment was that of the One Hundred and Fifteenth
Regiment, at Fonda, on August 27th, where there had been a hur-
ried equalization of companies the night before and a recast of the
muster and pay rolls by Adjutant Horton, a most worthy man, but
of a nervous temperament and lack of strict business training that
seriously disqualified him for his office, and his rolls were in such
a confused state that the United States mustering officer, the
United States paymaster. Major Paulding, and I were all day
engaged in endeavors to properly decipher them. I found another
morbidly nervous adjutant when I paid the One Hundred and
Thirtieth Regiment, at Portage, on September ist, and what an
anxious day that was. The downpour of rain was copious and
constant, and I did not finish my task until near midnight, paying
for five hours at the broad door of a leaky barrack, by the light of
two flaring tallow candles stuck in beer bottles. A relay of com-
pany officers tried to screen the flame with their hands, but so
ineffectually that we were occasionally in darkness, except for the
dim rays of a stable lantern. Poor Cawee, the adjutant, resigned
a month later and shortly after ended his life by suicide.
The amount of work performed by Colonel Bliss within two
months was a remarkable exhibition of physical endurance, and
I felt myself the terrible strain of the daily struggle with respon-
sibility and endeavor, with wakeful -nights of travel and prepara-
tion. While on this duty I met Colonel Bliss, at New York, on
Septemiber 8th, when he finally succumbed for a day or so to a
severe attack of diarrhea, impatient and fretful over even so small
a delay.
During the first week of this duty I was so engrossed with it
that I did not read a newspaper, and so was unaware of what was
going on in the field, and I recall my grief and depression, on reach-
no Annual Report of the State Historian.
ing Buffalo on the morning of August 31st, to learn of Pope's
great defeat at the second battle of Bull Run — ill-fated name. I
got this news from Mr. Charles Van Benthuysen, of Albany, who,
with his wife, was at the same hotel, and who, being a red-hot
copperhead, though usually disguising his disloyal sentiments in a
politic manner, could not conceal his glee over a disaster that he
said proved the failure of the war. While I did not conceal my
disgust at his sentiments (our fathers had been business partners
many years before), I was eager to get the papers and assure myself
of the situation, and blue enough it looked. There probably never
was a darker period in the whole waf than after this last of General
Pope's failures, and this darkness was made more distressing by
the sneers and chuckling of the copperheads on one side and the
" I told you so's " of McQellan's partisans, who attributed all
our misfortunes to the displacement of their favorite and hero.
On September ist occurred the battle of Qiantilly,* another bloody
contest, and the last one under General Pope, who, the next day,
relinquished command of the Army of the Potomac.
On August 30th the Governor, by proclamation, announced that
he believed the quota of the State, by the organization of new regi-
ments and by enlistment of recruits for those in the field, was
about filled, therefore the State bounty for the former would cease
after September 5th, but be continued for recruits for the older
* In this battle was killed General " Phil " Kearny, a characteristic " beau
sabreur." I saw him at our office in Albany when he came in June, 1861, to
see General Patrick. Both had served in the Mexican War, where Kearny
lost an arm. He had been unable to get a suitable command from the
authorities of New Jersey, his native State, and had come to see if he could
not get him a commission from New York. This matter was not decided,
but he soon after was appointed by the President a brigadier-general of
volunteers. I can recall his gallant soldierly bearing and his empty sleeve,
that in the early days of our military tutelage appealed sharply to my
sympathy.
War of the Rebellion Series. hi
regiments. Our quota, under the call of July 2, 1862, was 59,700,
and as active recruiting did not begin until July i8th, nearly 60,000
men had been ei;ilisted in six weeks; a remarkable result. Giving
proper credit for popular patriotic zeal, and for the extraordinary
exertions of the State authorities, there is no doubt they were aided
in this vast achievement by President Lincoln's order on August
4th for a draft of 300,000 militia, to serve nine months, to be made
under the act of July 17, 1862.
During this period many recruits for our regiments in the field
had been forwarded. The conduct of the General Government
regarding the recruiting service was as irregular and spasmodic as
its disposition regarding the raising of new regiments. General
Orders No. 105 of the War Department, issued December 3, 1861,
provided a detailed system for recruiting, and Major J. T. Sprague,
First Infantry, was appointed general superintendent of that serv-
ice for our State, but on April 3, 1862, this service was abandoned
and the officers detailed to it were ordered to join their regiments.
Two months later, on July 6th, the service was resumed. Of course,
such desultory efforts were not productive of much good; indeed,
the long delay of the army in. winter quarters before Washington
repressing recruiting as being needless, and the subsequent disasters
in the essay " On to Richmond " were even more discouraging. I
recall protests against the publication in the newspapers of the ter-
ribly long lists of killed, wounded and missing as seriously imped-
ing efforts to reinforce the army, as if the repression of such facts
would not have bred imaginary horrors a hundred fold more vivid.
Pope's later campaign had produced many such lists of losses. At
the second battle of Bull Run fifty-two commissioned officers of
New York regiments were killed in action, and by this can be judged
the further number who died of wounds and of the losses in the
ranks.
112 Annual Report of the State Historian.
During August and September there were reports of reverses in
Kentucky, and on September 2d General McQellan was made gen-
eral commanding the Army of the Potomac, vice Pope. On Sep-
tember 8th, General Lee having crossed the Potomac at the fords
near Leesburg and encamped at Frederick, issued an appeal-
ing address to the people of Maryland, who, during the whole war,
were presumed by both sides as friendly. It was the first invasion,
in force, of the loyal States, and we beheld with alarm a great
army forty miles north of Washington, and we had to oppose it
an army that had suffered fearfully from overconfidence and
poor strategy, but by its unhappy vicissitudes converted into an
army of stalwart veterans inured to but undismayed by defeat.
On September 14th was fought the battle of South Mountain, and
on the 17th that of Antietam, both severe engagements, and substan-
tially drawn battles, though after the latter Lee was able to recross
the Potomac practically without molestation. In these battles fifty-
seven New York regiments were engaged, two of which, the One
Hundred and Seventh and One Hundred and Eighth Infantry of
our third levy, had left the State only a month previously, and at
Antietam received their " baptism of fire." Our regiments lost more
than seventy commissioned officers killed on the field. These new
lists of casualties again filled the land with mourning, while the
facile return of the enemy to the south bank of the Potomac was
discouraging. It did seem as if thousands of lives were being sac-
rificed without any permanent advantage, though this may also have
been the dismal conclusion of the Confederates after their repulse
in Maryland.* It was a strange coincidence that their President,
Davis, had by proclamation named the i8th day of September as
* The failure to pursue Lee was probably attributable to the exhaustion
of two severe battles in which all our force was engaged, leaving no fresh
reserves to follow up success.
War of the Rebellion Series. 113
a day of prayer, inviting the people of the Confederate States to
assemble for worship and to render thanks for the triumphs over
our armies at Chantilly, Manassas, etc., and that on that very day
Lee's broken columns should be on their retreat southward.
*We had in August and September several alarms that the Con-
federate iron-clad Merrimac No. 2 was about to sally out from
the James river and devastate our seaboard cities. Portentous
descriptions of the invulnerability and powerful armament of this
vessel were received through Southern channels, but^he failed to
appear. Incidentally, may be mentioned here, the vast mass of
rumors, originating in fervid imaginations, or concocted with pur-
poses more or less malign, that vexed us during the whole war.
Some of these frauds were punished, notably an impudent one
hatched by a New York newspaper man who had a chance to cool
his heated fancies in the casemates of Fort Lafayette. The public
mind was so occupied by the facts and fallacies concerning the
details of the war that it now seems astonishing that any attention
could be given to other matters. In those far-off days we first
became accustomed to the cry of "Extra! Extra!!" often startling
us in the midnight and suggestive of slaughter and bereavements.f
* During the period when paying bounty to regiments near New York,
I found General Arthur overwhelmed by the amount and multiplicity of
duties devolving upon him, and such time as my own duties as paymaster
did not exact I aided him, since there was no officer of sufficient rank in
his office to transact important business. I had been his assistant when
inspector-general and we were college mates, and I know he had confidence
fn my fidelity and capacity. The result was that he induced the Governor
to detail me to assist him, particularly in transportation matters, and from
that time — October ist, 1862 — until I finally left the State military service
on January i, 1869, my official headquarters were in New York city.
t It was an unknown blessing in those days that the era of the " yellow
journals " had not come. Their rumors and lies during the recent Spanish
war hatched an " extra " every half hour, and even more often, for Wall
Street consumption.
8
114 Annual Report of the State Historian.
As a whole, the newspaper correspondents in the field were con-
scientious and careful men, and such erroneous dispatches as were
sent were attributable to the confusion and distractions incident to
battle, only a small part of which any single observer can see, and
to competitive endeavors to give their papers the earliest news
before it could be verified. We gradually became inured to the
possibly untrustworthy character of the first accounts of military
events.
On September 22d Pi:esident Lincoln issued his ever-memorable
proclamation declaring the emancipation on January i, 1863, of all
slaves in the States then in rebellion. This famous State paper
worked powerful influences in every direction. It was the first
authoritative announcement that the extinction of slavery had
become the objective point of the war for the preservation of the
Union, since the limitation of emancipation to the revolting States
could not prevent as its logical result the extinction of slavery
throughout the restored Union. There had been a certain lack of
courage and candor on this point. The relation of slavery to seces-
sion, kept in the background by the South, had not been acknowl-
edged by our side for reasons of policy that in part were specious
only. There was a fear of disaflfecting the border slave States still
loyal, but in reality the effect on these was slight. There had been
a reserved idea that the inviolability of slavery would be a bridge
over which in extremity the seceded States would return, but this
was a hopeful fallacy. The proclamation invigorated the North
and gave to our friends in England such support as enabled them
to enforce the continuance of a neutrality that was obnoxious to
the ruling classes and probably to a majority of the English people.
It had the same repressive efSfect in France. But while the proc-
lamation was joyfully received by the great mass of our people, it
War of the Rebellion Series. 115
gave precision and vigor to the protestations of the " Copperhead
element,"* which now with renewed virulence accused the admin-
istration of tyranny, disregard of the Constitution and subversion
of all law and right.
* The prominent representative of this element at Albany was Colonel
Walter S. Churchy whose audacity and skill in dialectics and caustic invec-
tive were remarkably exasperating. While we were all enraged by the
vaporings of the Copperheads, there was no general effort to prevent their
freedom of utterance. Some of them wore as a badge the head of " Liberty,''
made by filing away the material surrounding that effigy on the large copper
cent piece of that day — a " copperhead " indeed but at tM same time a
reminder of the privilege of perfect liberty. I believe that the injurious
influence of this class of citizens was not so much an encouragement of
the rebellious States as the intimidation of our own government, which
magnified the numbers of the Northern protestants and their influence on
public sentiment.
No. 4.
THIRD LEVY (CONTINUED)- APRIL J, 1862, TO
DECEMBER I, 1862.
THE tenderness of the " secession sympathizers " in the North
for the institution of slavery is a remarkable instance of the
insuperable bigotry of political partisanship. They inveighed
against the edict of General Butler at Fortress Monroe in 1861 that
slaves were "contraband of war"; and while asserting that they
were property, they claimed their immunity from the general mili-
tary liabilities of property. Every act or movement in the war that
tended to weaken the institution so sacred in their eyes called forth
their unmeasured denunciations. They had a regular bureau for
the dissemination of pro-slavery literature, and it is wonderful in
the light of to-day to read these publications deifying and conse-
crating the vile monster of human servitude a few brief months
before its extinction. And the most sad effect of this propagandism
of the degradation of the negro race was the stimulation of the
hatred of the blacks so long cultivated in the benighted minds of our
foreign population, and finding expression in such acts of vio-
lence as the attack of an infuriated mob upon the inoflfensive
colored working men and women in Brooklyn on August 4, 1862,
and to the frightful atrocities during the New York riot in July,
1863. I think that the loyal men of those days still living can for-
give and forget the Southern rebels and give them fraternal greet-
War of the Rebellion Series. 117
ing, for their education (civil and religious), self-interest, in fact
every condition of their lives might find an excuse for their revolt.
But the copperhead of the North can never be forgiven — he sinned
in the light, in a light after April, 1861, such as that that over-
came Saul on the roadside.*
In the latter part of September there was a remarkable con-
vention of Governors of Northern States at Altoona, Pa. Gov-
ernor Morgan had declined the invitation to attend; there were
present the Governors of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Wis-
consin, Michigan, Rhode Island, Virginia, Illinois, lOwa, Indiana
and New Hampshire. The motive of the conference was, I believe,
to impress upon the President the necessity of a more vigorous
policy; the apparent failure thus far to suppress the rebellion was
the alleged cause of great popular dissatisfaction. The Governors
went from Altoona to Washington and had audience with the
President, but nothing practical resulted from their concerted action.
In fact the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation a day or so
before their meeting took from the latter any importance it other-
wise might have had. Governor Morgan was shrewd or fortunate
in being able to decline a participation in this meeting because of
the exigency of his ofificial concerns.
Before October i (1862) we had sent into the field forty-three
infantry regiments, four battalions and one battery of artillery,
* The headquarters of these secession sympathizers in New York city
was the old " New York Hotel " on Broadway, between Washington and
Waverley places, which was demolished about i8g6. This hotel had been
a favorite with visitors from the Slave States. Many can recall the groups
who lotjnged about the hotel entrance in the war times and whose coun-
tenances were infallible indices of the varying military conditions; if these
were favorable to us the faces were glum and dejected, but if we had
reverses there were exulting smiles and derisive laughter to give a sharper
flavor to our discomfiture as we passed by.
ii8 Annual Report of, the State Historian.
being a total of 43,350 officers and men, and leaving in camp in
the incomplete organizations a little over 10,000 more, which, with
the 14,305 recruits sent to the field, much more than filled our quota
of 59,700 men under the President's call of July 2d for 300,000
volunteers for three years.
From October ist there was a perceptible sag in the enlistments.
As before stated, the State bounty of $50 for enlistment in the new
regiments ceased on September 5th, and by a subsequent proclama-
tion by the Governor, the same bounty for recruits for regiments
in the field ceased on September 30th. There had been additional
bounties given by committees and town and county officials, but the
announcement that the quota of three-years men was filled relaxed
personal and local interest, though a similar quota of nine-months
militiamen remained to be furnished.
Of the supreme and glorious achievement of the State of New
York in July and August, more will be said later, and the subject
of the contemplated draft will be considered now.
Our experience in 1861 had not been altogether favorable as to
the policy of a continued dependence upon volunteering to supply
troops should the war be greatly prolonged. After the first burst
of enthusiasm had filled our thirty-eight regiments under the first
levy, the progress of recruitment was very slow, the most potent
influence for a while being the efforts in cities and counties to
enlist full regiments. The raising of the second levy extending
from.Aug^st i, 1861, to March 31, 1862, and excluding the irregular
regiments raised during the first excitement, but remanded to State
authority, comprised about 75,000 men, whose enlistment extended
over a period of eight months. Under the State General Orders of
November 26, 1861, and May 23, 1862, not a single regiment was
raised, though every inducement was given to those ambitious of
War of the Rebellion Series. 119
a commission. Adjutant-General Hillhouse, in his annual report
sent to the Legislature in January, 1862, recommended the adoption
of a militia system similar to that of Germany, based upon the
liaibility to military service of every citizen of proper age and con-
dition of body. Obviously such a system could not be immediately
established in the midst of a great war. Judge-Advocate-General
Anthon recognizing the principle of compulsory service, tried to
apply it practically and equitably in the militia law drafted by him
and enacted April 25, 1862, substantially as introduced. This pro-
vided for an enrollment of all citizens between the age* of eighteen
and forty-five, with exemptions for physical disability, also of| fire-
men who were in active service or had, served their time as firemen,
and of those exempt under the laws of the United States. The
active force of the militia was called the National Guard, and com-
prised eight divisions under a major-general and geographically
coterminous with the eight grand Judicial Districts of the State;
thirty-two brigades corresponding with the Senatorial Districts
and one hundred and twenty-eight regiments corresponding with
the Assembly Districts, with a proper contingent of cavalry and
artillery. Where regiments were not formed or filled by volunteers
from the body of the militia, they were to be filled by draft from the
respective districts. The entire militia thus organized and with a
maximum strength of over 130,000 officers and men, exclusive of
cavalry and artillery, could be ordered into the United States ser-
vice at once, in whole or any part of the same, and provision jvas
made for an organization in the same geographical districts of
additional regiments, etc., until the supply of men was exhausted.
The enrollment of the militia under this law was ordered on June 3,
1862, and, as before mentioned, progressed very slowly and
irregular.
I20 Annual Report of the State Historian.
The act of Congress of July 17, 1862, provided that the Presi-
dent might call forth the militia of the States for a period of nine
months, and " If by reason of defects in existing laws, or in the
execution of them in the several States, or in any of them, it shall
be found necessary to provide for enrolling the militia and other-
wise putting this act into execution, the President is authorized in
such cases to make all necessary rules and regulations; and the
enrollment of the militia shall in all cases include all able-bodied
male citizens between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, and shall
be apportioned among the States according to representative popu-
lation." This sketchy and tentative provision was the first step
toward the assertion of the absolute military supremacy of the
United -States. I have mentioned (pages 33-34) the early dis-
cussions as to the status of the volunteer forces and my own opinion
that they were a part of the militia of the several States.* The
military power granted in the Constitution to the United States is
comprised in three allowances in Section 8, Article i, conferring
power on Congress " to provide for the common defence," " to
raise and support armies " and " to provide for calling forth the
militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and
repel invasions." If was held by those favoring the provision in
the act of July 17, 1862, above quoted, that the constitutional grant
of power to provide for the general defence and to raise and support
armies was so large and definite as to be practically unqualified.
But it must be considered in connection with the third power " to
* Some of the Constitutional points raised regarding the military powers
granted to the General Government and the reservation to the States of
certain powers regarding the militia have been previously touched upon,
but it seems expedient to repeat them in discussing the culmination of the
gradual extinction of most of these reserved powers arising from the
supreme exigencies of the nation.
War of the Rebellion Series. 121
call forth the militia" upon which dqiendence is to be placed in
the supreme emergencies of insurrection or invasion. It is obvious
that the framers of the Constitution were apprehensive of too great
military power in the general government; their reading of history
convinced them that the greatest danger encountered by a republic
was that of conversion into a military dictatorship; in this as in
many other directions their indisposition to concentrate power led
them into undue conservatism. That the supreme defence of the
Union was made dependent upon the militia is further shown by
the grant of power to Congress to provide for the organization,
arming and discipline of the militia, so that if drawn from different
States and incorporated in one army there should be uniformity in
these important conditions, and the President is made commander-
in-chief of the militia when in the service of the United States.
Among the ten declaratory amendments to the Constitution pro-
posed in the first Congress and subsequently ratified by the States
was this, "A well regulated militia being necessary to the security
of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall
not be infringed." In all these provisions the militia is assumed to
be an institution of the States, and is so recognized in their several
Constitutions and laws. The law of 1862 was, therefore, one of
those radical departures from precedent deemed necessary for the
preservation of the Union, and as subsequently expanded and
enforced in the law of March 3, 1863, was vituperously denounced
by those who claimed that there should be a strict adherence to
the letter of the Constitution, even if it involved its destruction, and
out of this denunciation sprang the hideous New York riots of July,
1863.
. Upon August 9, 1862, at "3 p. m." were issued from the War
Department " General Orders, No. 99," giving detailed directions
122 Annual Report of the State Historian.
for the enrollment of the militia in the several States, and for a
draft in each State of its quota of 300,000 militiamen for nine
months, and of any additional number required to make up the
deficiency in the quota of 300,000 three-years volunteers under
the President's call of July 2d. - " The Governors of the respective
States will proceed forthwith to furnish their respective quotas of
the 300,000 militia called by the order of the President." There is
a peremptory flavor in this " will proceed forthwith " until then
unprecedented in communications to Governors of States from a
Federal source. It denotes the superlative urgency of the situation
and the jieed to exercise every power, assured or doubtful, in order
to sustain the Union. There is in the austere tone a reflection of
Secretary Stanton's rigor, rather than of President Lincoln's mild
inflexibility. The orders continue this tone, "The Governors of
the respective States will cause an enrollment to.be made forthwith
by the assessors of the several counties or by any other officers to
be appointed by such Governors, of all able-bodied men between
the ages of eighteen and forty-five within the respective counties,"
and full details are given as to the methods of enrollment, the
classes of persons exempt and the procedure in making the draft.
,The enrollment under the State law was at this time partially
completed, but it was evident that the draft could not be based
upon it, since the State law provided for the filling of the one
hundred and twenty-eight district regiments, and no credit was
allowed for men already furnished, the proportions of whom to the
population were very unequal in the several districts. State General
Orders were accordingly issued on August 13th giving the text
of the War Department orders * and further providing for putting
* The quota of each county for total State draft of 60,000 proportioned
upon the basis of the census of i860.
War of the Rebellion Series. 123
them in effect. General Anthon had general charge of the enroll-
ment in New York and Kings counties, and Colonel Campbell,
assistaiit adjutant-general, supervised it in the remainder of the
State, and the enrollment was completed and the lists filed on
October 14th. The imminent prospect of a draft caused great
excitement throughout the State, and large numbers attempted to
avoid the risk of conscription by fleeing to Europe or Canada. So
early as August 8th Secretary Seward gave notice that no passports
would be issued by the State Department to persons liafele to a
draft before the quotas were filled, and a strict surveillance was
kept upon all out-going steamers to prevent the exodus of such as
were liable. A similar guard was kept upon all routes to the
Canadian frontier. Indeed, I recall the examination of all passen-
gers on a train going west from Buffalo on September 3d. Soon
after leaving the city a deputy provost-marshal went through each
car and questioned every man whose apparent age indicated him as
a probable conscript. It was a sharp reminder of the old adage
" inter arma leges silent." At this time the expressive word
" skedaddle " was adopted into the vernacular, to denqte flight from
the draft and the opprobrious epithet " skedaddler " was added to
that of " copperhead " in the daily commiriation of all patriotic
citizens. Of course the tender consciences of those who at this
time constituted themselves the special guardians of the Constitu-
tion, " ruat coelum," were horrified by this new act of despotism.
The enrollment was to be made under the personal charge of the
assessors and supervisors in each county, aided in the cities by the
aldermen, and the lists were to be filed with the sheriffs. On
October 2d it was announced by General Orders that as the quota
under the call of July 2d for three-years volunteers had been filled
with an excess of twenty thousand men to apply on the quota of
124 Annual Report of the State Historian. '
August 4th, volunteers for nine months would be accepted to com-
plete such quota until the final orders for the draft. These orders
were issued on October 14th thus, " The enrollment of the militia
of the State being now nearly completed, a draft from the popu-
lation liable to bear arms will be made on the tenth day of November
next, equal in the aggregate to the number of men required on that
day to complete the quota of one hundred and twenty thousand
apportioned to this State."* The draft was to be made under the
supervision of General Anthon, aided by commissioners and sur-
geons, one for each county except New York and Queens, for
which there were respectively twenty and fifteen of both officers,
the selection in all cases being made from men of the highest
reputation. Regulations were prescribed for the assemblage, sub-
sistence and transportation of the men from the county seat to the
camps, and there was a republication of General Orders of the War
Department of August 29th, relative to supplies for the drafted
men. One extract from these orders illustrates the needs of those
trying days, "As the sudden call for volunteers and militia has
exhausted the supply of blankets fit for military purposes in the
market, and it will take some time to procure by manufacture or
importation a sufficient supply, all citizens who volunteer or are
drafted, are advised to take with them to the rendezvous, if possi-
ble, a good, stout woolen blanket. The regulatibn military blanket
is 86 X 66 inches and weighs five pounds." To be forced into the
cruel war, and invited to bring the blanket off your bed, too, seemed
* It is apparent that the differences of period of enlistment were not yet
taken into account and a recruit for nine months counted for as much as
one for three years. Within a month or so later the principle that one
" three-years man " should be equivalent to four " nine-months men,'' and
that all periods of enlistment should have their proper relative value was
established and obtained to the end of the war.
War of the Rebellion Series. 125
to the captious like a mockery of misery. The population of the
State by the census of i860 was 3,880,735, and the enrollment gave
764,603 men as of suitable age, and of course exclusive of about
150,000 volunteers in field and camp. Of those enrolled, 139,198
were returned as exempt. This latter number was proportionally
large since it embraced not only those exempt under the United
States law but a far larger number under the State law, such as all
clergymen, judges, justices and officers of the courts, all officers and
employees in the military and civil service of the State, Shakers,
Quakers, professors and teachers^ commissioned officers of the
militia honorably discharged after full term of service, all officers
and members of the organized militia (about 200,000) and many
other classes, including " idiots, lunatics, paupers, habitual drunk-
ards and persons convicted of infamous crimes." These last were
properly included, not only as indicative of the honorable service
to be rendered by drafted men and the exclusion therefrom of the
mentally and morally unworthy as also of the physically unfit, but
as a corrective of the ill-advised action of some judges in this and
other States who in the early days of the war gave convicts the
option of imprisonment or enlistment in the volunteer army, a
degradation of the military service not only vicious but manifestly
impolitic. I do not recall the number exempted for physical disa-
bility, but there were some complaints that these were excessive,
and suggestions that the name^ and causes of disabiHty be pub-
lished as a corrective. The reservoir of drafted men liable to be
drawn on was 625,405, and had the entire quota of 60,000 been
required, it would have taken about one in ten, - To complete the
account of this enrollment it may be added that on Novemiber 7th,
by an order, it was announced that the number of camps for
enlisted and drafted men would be reduced, because the quotas
126 Annual Report of the State Historian.
in so many counties had been filled by enlistments and in others
the deficiency was too small, and on the 9th it was informally
announced that the draft was postponed until further orders, but
in fact it never was resumed under the then existing law and orders.
In reality, trustworthy reports of persons enlisted since July 2d, and
to be credited upon the quotas, could not be procured, no proper
records had been kept by the towns or counties; there were many
disputes as to whether men were to be credited to the place of their
residence or to that of their enlistment where they often received
a local bounty. At once there arose a contention regarding the
credit in accordance to the terms of enlistment — i. e., whether one
" three-years man " should or should not count for as much as
three " one-year men." Other contentions between localities as to
credits on quotas were subsequently sources of infinite trouble, mis-
representations and disaffection.
The portentous preparations of this draft, that proved a myth,
had very important results; it stimulated the several towns and
counties to fill their quotas and in this respect it served an excellent
purpose; on the other hand it caused the grant of local bounties
which through fear and competition, reached great sums in succeed-
ing years; indeed in the last four months of 1862 these reached as
high as four hundred dollars per man in some places. But worst
of all it ended the period when patriotism was a motive for enlist-
ment and substituted for it money in the hand of* the " volunteer "
and the frantic desire of his fellow townsmen " to fill the quota " in
any way and at any expense.
During October, eleven full regiments and two battalions of
infantry and three batteries of artillery were mustered into service
for three years, most of the men in which had been enlisted prior
to the first of that month, the slowness of enlistments retarding
War of the Rebellion Series. 127
their completion, and one of the regiments being organized by con-
solidation of incomplete organizations. During November, there
were mustered in eight infantry regiments for three years, five of
them formed by consolidations, and one regiment, the Tenth
National Guard of Albany, for nine months. During December
one regiment and one battalion of infantry were mustered in for
three years, as also five batteries of artillery. At the end of the
year there were remaining in camp two regiments of infantry, one
being the Nineteenth National Guard of Newburgh, that were
subsequently mustered in for nine months and c&unted upon
this levy, which sums up as follows : sixty-three regiments and three
battalions (with regimental numbers) of infantry, one regiment and
four companies of sharpshooters, four battalions artillery (one
battalion afterwards incorporated into the Fifth and the others
organized into the Tenth Regiment), ten batteries of artillery and
one regiment of cavalry (the Eleventh, mustered in June, 1862, but
included in this levy); all of the above enlisted for three years, and
in addition there were three regiments of infantry enlisted for nine
months. The total number of men furnished was 78,904 for three
years, and 1,781 for nine months.
During October there was an animated political, canvass of the
State, the Republicans having nominated for Governor, Brigadier-
General James S. Wadsworth, and for Lieutenant-Governor, Lyman
Tremain, of Albany, and the Democrats Horatio Seymour for Gov-
ernor, and David R. Floyd- Jones for Lieutenant-Governor. General
Wadsworth had been one of the Free-soil Democrats who aided in
the formation of the Republican party. He was a man of large
hereditary wealth, of excellent capacity, high character and marked
public spirit. He was named as one of the major-generals for our
first volunteer regiments before it was known that no general
128 Annual Report of the State Historian.
officers would be accepted, and was appointed by the President a
brigadier-general of volunteers in August, 1861, and wasjthe military
governor of Washington at the time of his nomination. Lyman
Tremain had been a Democrat of the " old Hunker " or " hard "
stripe until the breaking out of the war, when he joined the Repub-
lican party and became an earnest supporter of every effort to sus-
tain the Union. Mr. Seymour had been Governor in 1853-54; he
was a m^n of fine character and an excellent example of the higher
type of the pro-slavery Democracy of the Northern States. Mr.
Floyd- Jones had been Secretary of State in 1860-61.
While the utterances of the Democratic newspapers and speakers
were for " a more vigorous prosecution of the war," there was also
a general censure by them of about every movement by the adminis-
tration. • The election on November 4th resulted in a majority for
Seymour of 10,752. The total vote was 70,000 less than two years
before and indicated the large number of voters in the military serv-
ice and, therefore, debarred from the polls. Another potent ele-
ment in the defeat of Wadsworth and Tremain was the disaffection
of Thurlow Weed, who was always implacably hostile to that
element in the Republican party derived from the old Democratic
party. Weed's influence was omnipotent with the men who had for
years been his political instruments in the Whig party.
^ General Wadsworth was at his own request detailed to active
service in December, 1862, and was conspicuous in the battles of
Fredericksburg and Gettysburg. He died on May -8, 1864, from
wounds received two days before in the battle of the Wilderness.
A great many interpreted the result of this election as a vote of
lack of confidence in the National Administration, and many strong
utterances in this direction were made. At a political jollification
meeting in New York, on November loth, Fernando Wood said:
War of the Rebellion Series. 129
" I do not understand the Governor-elect if he would not stand up
for his State against any Federal usurpation," having direct refer-
ence to the draft then impending. John Van Buren, looking to
a submission of vexed questions to Congress, "thought it best before
an election of representatives the President should declare an
armistice." Much eloquence was expended in condemning the
President's Emancipation Proclamation and in eulogizing General
McClellan. The latter officer had been relieved of the command of
the Army of the Potomac by General Burnside on l>Jovember 7th,
at Warrenton, Va. This was the end of General McClellan's
military career. He was a good organizer and had excellent
executive qualities. His services in the drill and discipline of the
raw troops assembled about Washington in the winter of 1861-62
were of incalculable value. Not only did they acquire the necessary
tactical training but by frequent brigade and division reviews they
were massed in such numbers as to inculcate confidence and mutual
assurance of strength and support. This restoration of confidence
was absolutely essential after the disastrous surprises and panics
that had so often distinguished the Union forces on the line of the
Potomac. Thus the morale of the regiments engaged at Bull Run
and Ball's Bluff was restored, and instead of a congeries of mobs
about the Capital we had a drilled and disciplined army. Probably
no officer in our army could have accomplished this preparatory
work so well as he, and it was only when he undertook the active
operations of a great campaign that he was overtasked. In an
estimate of his military capacity I do not think his operations in
West Virginia should count for much; they were a series of
skirmishes by untrained forces on both sides. He started for the
Virginia peninsula in April, 1862, with a trained, organized and
well-balanced army enthusiastically devoted to him. The plan of
9
130 Annual Report of the State Historian.
campaign had been devised and elaborated by himself, and an
excellent plan it was, for he possessed great skill in military con-
ceptions ; it was in their execution that he failed. . The President and
Secretary of War were well disposed toward him and he had, the
hearty good wishes and prayers of the loyal people of the whole
country. Whatever practical military ability General McClellan
possessed fitted him for defensive rather than aggressive warfare.
He was well versed in military engineering, and as one of the three
officers of our army commissioned to the Crimea in 1854 he saw
the grand results of Todleben's genius in jthe earthworks about
Sebastopol, and they gave him a great respect for intrenchments.
The thirty days delay before the feebly manned works at Yorktown
ruined his elaborate campaign against Richmond. He was also
lacking in that enterprising, persistent spirit that is forever pushing
on, and in that iron will and self-confidence that in the supreme
moment do not hesitate to sacrifice many lives that more may be
saved. Such a rigid, unbending will is not. compatible with that
amiability that made " Little Mac " loved by his soldiers, who had
yet to learn that the successful warriors are forged from sterner
stuff. His last great battle at Antietam was a defensive one against
invasion, and where all his valuable qualities could be displayed.*
Most fortunately for him the Northern Democrats, who foresaw
the extinction of their party unless it had a support in the Union
.armies, selected him as their corner-stone, and aware of this he
permitted political purposes to color, his military plans and even
find expression in his official papers. There had been much dis-
appointment through our failure to actively pursue Lee after the
* It is also credibly asserted that he had a copy of General Lee's orders
giving the plan of battle and disposition of his troops, which had been
captured in some way. This information gave General McClellan great
advantage.
War of the Rebellion Series. 131
battle of Antietam ; it was naturally argued that a beaten army with
a river like the Potomac across its line of retreat could be utterly
demolished. This, however, does not accord with the experience
in our war; in none of the great battles of the East was there a rapid
and effectual pursuit; in none of them did the victor have a reserve
unengaged in the main contest and fresh for such active duty, nor
was there on either side in any such battle a contingent of cavalry
large enough and so efficiently armed and drilled as to convert a
retreat into a rout or a surrender. In fact the military function of
cavalry had already much changed at the time of our war.
The unopposed passage of the Potomac by Lee caused another
popular cry for action, and the newspapers were vociferous for an
advance. The report that the army was hampered by a lack of
shoes was derided. In the autumn of 1861, said they, we were
beguiled by the story that McClellan was delaying until the leaves
dropped from the trees so that our marksmen could see the enemy
and more readily slaughter them; after the leaves had fallen came
the adhesively retarding mud — and now it is " shoes " that are
lacking. It seemed ridiculous to plead the same privations as were
endured by our poverty-stricken army at Valley Forge, nearly a
century earlier. But in reality the Army of the Potomac was in
good condition and largely reinforced by new regiments. All the
regiments and batteries remaining in our State on November ist
were turned over to General Banks, who was to relieve General
Butler at New Orleans and carry on active operations in the
Mississippi valley; these comprised eleven regiments of infantry
and five batteries of artillery. Some of the other of our new regi-
ments went to the Army of the South, some to North Carolina,
others to the Army of the Tennessee, and four infantry regiments^
the One Hundred and Thirteenth, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth,
132 Annual Report of the State Historian.
One Hundred and Thirty-fifth and One Hundred and Thirty-eighth,
were from October, 1862, to February, 1863, materially increased in
force and converted into heavy artillery regiments and assigned
to occupy the forts encircling Washington.* The remainder of
the third levy was incorporated in the Army of the Potomac, which
in December, under General Burnside, crossed the Rappahannock,
and on the 13th fought the disastrous battle of Fredericks.burg, in
which our losses were very heavy. Seventy New York regiments
participated in this battle. In the West there had been some suc-
cesses, though the rebel General Bragg had, on October ist,
ostentatiously and impudently inaugurated a Governor at Frank-
fort, Ky., but after the severe battle at Perryville, nine days later,
retreated to Tennessee. The year ended with the completion of
preparations for the battle of Murfreesboro, one of the most hotly
contested battles of the war and, like so many of them, without
apparent advantage to either side.
On January 1st Governor Morgan handed over his trust to Mr.
Seymour and became a private citizen, since he had stipulated in
accepting the position of major-general of volunteers that not only
would he accept no pay for services in that capacity, but that his
tenure of the place should cease with his term as Governor.
* They were increased to twelve companies, divisioned into three bat-
talions, each commanded by a major, and were respectively named as the
Seventh, the Eighth, the Sixth, and the Ninth New York Artillery. After
General Grant's frightful losses in the Wilderness early in May, 1864, in
response to his request for reinforcements. General Halleck ordered these
heavy artillery regiments to the front. Each regiment was as large as the
average brigade of the Army of the Potomac, as then constituted. The
" heavies " received their baptism of fire at Spottsylvania Court House,
Va., May 19, 1864. Their losses were very severe. At Cold Harbor the
Seventh lost its colonel, Lewis O. Morris, one adjutant, one captain, one
first lieutenant and one second lieutenant. The Eighth lost its colonel,
Peter A. Porter (of Niagara Falls), its lieutenant-colonel, who died of the
wounds he received, one major, three captains, four first and eight second
lieutenants.
War of the Rebellion Series. 133
These first two years of the war were far more important in their
relations to the State than the succeeding two years; in them were
begun all the military experiments in the raising and organization
of troops; after December, 1862, there was no pure volunteering,
and money alone became the incentive. The General Government
assumed a larger control in the raising of troops and but few new
organizations were added to those in the field. Of the thirteen
regiments of infantry raised after December 31, 1862, only one or
two rendered any efficient service. Nineteen regiments of cavalry
and three of artillery were organized after that date.* This is a
meagre list compared with that of 186 1 and 1862, which comprised
one hundred and seventy-one regiments infantry, twelve cavalry,
eleven regiments, two battalions and thirty-four batteries of
artillery, two regiments of engineers and one regiment and four
companies of sharpshooters. Of course these numbers in them-
selves are no disparagement to the later period, when the effort was
mainly to recruit the veteran organizations in the field, rather than
to raise new ones, \but they indicate the diminished influence of the
State authority in the later period.
'Of all these regiments the early ones in the third levy were com-
posed of the best material. The conditions for such an outcome
were favorable; the failure of McClellan's campaign against Rich-
mond, followed by Pope's disasters, brought us face to face with
the peril of our cause, and demanded every patriotic effort and
sacrifice. Death in field and hospital, mutilation of wounds,
malarial poison, rebel prisons, in fact all the horrors of war were
now familiar to us, and going to the field was now a stem reahty,
and those who enlisted knew all the direful chances to be
encountered.
The formation of regimental camps in all parts of the State
aroused local emulation which was practically guided by the district
134 Annual Report of the State Historian.
commii:tees composed of eminent citizens who by their " gratuitous,
unremitting and efficient efforts " aided in the rapid recruitment of
the regiments. The popular interest and anxiety found expression
in pubHc meetings in all parts at which earnest appeals were made
to succor our endangered armies. Such a meeting was held in
Union Square, New York, on the evening of July i6th, and another
in the City Hall park on August 27th, both largely attended, as was
one in Brooklyn on September 3d. Colonel Corcoran, of the
Sixty-ninth Regiment of our State militia, composed exclusively
of Irishmen, who had been made a prisoner of war at Bull
Run on July 21, 1861, was released August 15th by exchange
and became a marked figure at these meetings, where his pres-
ence and speeches , aroused great Enthusiasm on the part of our
Irish population. Then there was the stimulus of the bounty
offered by the United States and State amounting to seventy-five
dollars in hand and correcting the evils arising from the tardy pay-
ment of troops in the field. The delay in payment had been so
serious as to cause much pauperism in the families of the soldiers,
and which, though relieved by public and private charity, seriously
deterred enlistments.
Our State Legislature in January, 1862, voted an appropriation
of money to be advanced to the United States for payment of our
troops, a part of which was used for that purpose and subsequently
refunded by the United States Pay Department. The sum of
seventy-iive dollars was a fund to be left for family use and not a
mere mercenary inducement like the later large bounties. Recalling
the character and condition of the men who enlisted in the rural
districts in July and August, I cannot believe that the sum of
seventy-five dollars was in itself a 'provocative, and it only served
as a small guaranty that dependent families should not suffer. The
War of the Rebellion Series. 135
payment of this bounty caused a more thorough physical inspection
of the recruits, and under the direction of Surgeon-General Vander
Poel there was, in addition to the examination by the regimental
surgeons, a rigid examination by surgeons selected by that ofificer;
these were Dr. Mason F. Cogswell at" Albany, Dr. William C. Wey
at Elmira and Dr. William H. Thomson at New York, who rejected
a large number that had passed the regimental surgeons. The
regiments that left the State in August and September contained
the very cream of our military class — young, robust, patriotic and
intelligent. In some cases- farmers brought their sons to the camp
to see them enlisted, and in many cases fathers and sons were
enrolled together. At some of the camps I inspected in July the
recruits so soon as enlisted were furloughed to return home and
help in the harvest-field. The ingenuous and unsophisticated
character of some of these recruits was touching. I recall being
asked by a bright-eyed youth who had enlisted in a company, the
second lieutenant of which used to be the recruit's old schoolfellow,
and playmate, if he could not be permitted to mess with his friend
in the field. Although the war was a year old, its ruthless extin-
guishment of social, domestic and moral laws was not yet generally
apprehended. I think the most inspiring spectacle in my tours of
duty was presented at Jamestown, where upon my arrival early in
September I found that, the date of the regiment's departure (One
Hundred and Twelfth) being announced for an early day; the rela-
tives and friends from, both counties in the district, Chautauqua and
Cattaraugus, had driven into town for a farewell visit to the
" soldier laddies." As I approached the camp ground, the road
for half a mile was lined each side by vehicles of the visitors, their
horses tied to the fences; the camp itself was thronged; fathers,
mothers, sisters, brothers and lovers were having last interviews
136 Annual Report of the State Historian.
with the boys in blue; many were the affecting scenes, and for a
while the strict discipline was relaxed in deference to an occasion that
affected every heart. The visitors brought home-made viands to
enrich for that day the plain camp fare, and many a stalwart boy
unmindfully tasted then for the last time the toothsome pies and
cakes his mother made, and that often recurred to him in those
coming days of " hard tack " ere the fatal bullet pierced him. These
scenes of pathos were enacted at many camps.
The health of the men was excellent. The summer weather
encouraged the constant ventilation of the rough barracks, and
there were none of those diseases incident to crowded quarters.
The only disorders that seemed prevalent were diarrhea and other
bowel complaints, caused by change of water and diet, probably
aggravated by the large use of fresh vegetables in the subsistence
furnished by the contractors. The inSpector-general and assistants
were particularly charged with the proper enforcement of discipline
in the camps, and in spite of the general ignorance this was an
easy task. The only "serious exceptions were riotous outbreaks by
soldiers in what was called the " Empire Brigade," at East New
York, one in August and another at a later date, when the Seventh
Regiment National Guard was put on duty there. But this was
in an organization composed. largely of city "roughs."
One indication of the excellent character of the men in these
regiments was the large allotments of their pay toward the sup-
port of families. These in the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth
Regiment, encamped at Goshen, reached an annual sum of $109,956,
and in others was nearly as large. These results were greatly aided
by the public-spirited and gratuitous efforts of the allotment com-
missioners of this State.*
* See Appendix A.
War of the Rebellion Series. 137
These regiments were also fortunate in their commanding officers,
ten of whom were taken from the United States service, four from
other New York regiments in the field, which also supplied many-
other field officers.
A remarkable feature of this levy was the slackness of recruiting
in the great cities included in the first seven districts (New York,
Kings, Queens, Suffolk and Richmond counties). Of the 39,787
enlisted men sent to the field before October ist, the proper quota
of these counties would be 12,547, but they furnished only 3,043
men. A part of this was due probably to the fact that the cities
had on previous levies furnished more than their quotas, and to
the large number of naval enlistments, which were almost wholly
in New York and Brooklyn, but did not count in their quotas.
Beyond these reasons, however, were the closer and more intimate
relations of the committeemen in the country to their " constitu-
encies " and the stronger local sentiment. Of course in the end
all districts had to furnish their quotas^ but it was finally through
liberal bounties rather than any sentiment. These city regiments
were also composed of much poorer material. It was computed
that over one-half the total desertions from this levy during the
period of enlistment occurred in New York and Brooklyn, attrib-
utable not only to the inferior class of recruits, but the ease of
secretion in large cities. In August a reward of five dollars was
offered in these cities for the apprehension of a deserter, and the
police did arrest some. It was in these city regiments that the
only material disturbances occurred as has been before mentioned.
I recall an official visit to the One Hundred and Fifty-eighth Regi-
ment when encamped at East New York, and being shown at the
guardhouse a very large collection of bottles of liquor attempted
to be smuggled within the lines by recruits and their friends. The
138 Annual Report of the State Historian.
proximity of a great city to an encampment was a constant source
of annoyance and anxiety to the ofiScers.
In September I paid the bounty to the One Hundred and Forty-
fifth Regiment in camp at New Dorp, Staten Island. It was
ostensibly being raised by Colonel William H. Allen, who com-
manded the First Regiment New York Volunteer Infantry, mus-
tered into the United States service at New York on May 7, i86i.
This was a distinctively New York city regiment, composed of
what were known in those days as " Bowery boys." A bill pre-
sented to me for audit in 1862 was for " medical stores " for this
regiment in camp in April, 1861, and which comprised " 120 gal-
lons bourbon whiskey, 42 gallons pale sherry, 21 1-2 gallons pale
Otard brandy, 40 gallons cabinet gin and 24* dozen AUsop East
India ale," and nothing more. Of course I could not allow such
an extraordinary array of drugs which, without doubt, never went
into any hospital, but enlivened the officers' mess; but it is a fair
indication of the character of this regiment. The First Regiment
was ordered to report to General Butler at Fortress Monroe early
in May, 1861, and the very next month Colonel Allen exhibited
his lawless character. On June 28th he was arrested by order
of General Butler and subsequently tried by court-martial on sev-
eral charges. On September 12th the President approved" the
sentence that he be cashiered. It was like his rare impudence to
assume that the Governor would give him another commission.
The One Hundred and Forty-fifth was quite as boisterous as the
First Regiment had been, and I had an amusing illustration of it.
Among the extraordinary appointments of those days was that of
a noted New York lawyer, known as " Dick " Busteed, to the rani?
of brigadier-general. Why this was done no one could tell, since
there was good reasons to believe that he would never get a com-
War of the Rebellion Series. 139
mand in the field. To give him some employment he was directed
to inspect the regiments organizing, about New York, and in one
of my official visits to the New Dorp camp I found General
" Dick " there in all the glories of a new uniform. This regiment
went to the field under Colonel Price, was disbanded in a year and
the men incorporated in other regiments.*
While the early regiments of this levy were of the superior char-
acter mentioned, the later ones, with few exceptions, were of a much
lower grade, and as the draft increased and with it the amount
of local bounties, the result was reflected in the men wno responded.
Mention must be made of the effort to carry out the provisions
of the new militia law of April. The enrollment was completed in
* So far as I know General Busteed never had an opportunity to exhibit
his military qualities, except in airing his uniform about town, but he pro-
fessed a strong desire to flash his maiden sword in the field. I recall his
coming to see General Arthur at our Walker Street Headquarters in Octo-
ber, 1862, when I was present. He said he had made up his mind to run
down to Washington and get Secretary Seward to have him put in active
service. A day or so later he returned and gave an account of his trip.
" I got to the Secretary's house," he said, " late in the evening, and when
he saw me he seemed astonished and asked me if I had been ordered to
come, and when I said no, he told me that Secretary Stanton had issued
an order that any officer found in Washington without orders to report
there should be arrested and confined in the Old Capitol Prison, and that
I had better get back to New York as soon as possible by the midnight
train, saying that as I had escaped the scrutiny of the guard at the railroad
station I might be as lucky on my return. So I skulked back, fortunately
escaping the provost marshal's dogs, and here I am." His discomfiture
was so comical that we roared with laughter, in which Busteed joined.
After he left us we concluded that the Secretary was glad to get rid of him.
One of the nuisances to the President, Secretary Stanton aind other officials
was the congregation of officers at Washington away from their stations
■ and intent on getting promotions and other favors. At one time it was a
trite saying that you could not throw a stone at a dog in Washington and
not hit two or three brigadier-generals. Early in the Reconstruction era
President Johnson appointed Busteed a United States District Judge in
Alabama, probably through Secretary Seward, who appeared to have some
interest in him. He doubtless had legal acquirements, but I never learned
of his judicial career in those troublous times in the South that followed
the end of the war.
I40 Annual Report of the State Historian.
an imperfect manner and out of the 128 regiments of National
Guard only 59 regiments, with an aggregate of 22,154 officers and
men, had been organized. This incomplete result, which was not
greatly increased until the war ended, did, however, serve an excel-
lent purpose, and National Guard regiments entered the United
States service for short periods in 1863 and 1864, besides render-
ing important services within the State. The general plan initiated
by that law still remains in operation.
In drawing to a close this account of the military transactions
under Governor Morgan, the total number of the men sent to the
field should be given. My own data being lost, I give the report
made by Adjutant-General Sprague on February 18, 1863, in
response to a request of the Legislature for information as to the
numiber of men enlisted and turned over to the United States Gov'
ernment by this State since April 16, 1861, and which is probably
a correct summary from the official records:
Mustered into United States service for 3 months 15,922
Mustered into United States service for 9 months 2,560
Mustered into United States service for 2 years 30,250
Mustered into United States service for 3 years 173,321
Total 222,053
As practically none were so mustered between January i and
February 18, 1863, the total represents the achievement by Gov-
ernor Morgan's administration. The report of the adjutant-general
in 1859, made to the War Department, gave the militia force of
New York State as 418,846 officers and privates, so the State had
responded by sending one-half its available force as so published, a
wonderful achievement indeed. I cannot leave this topic without
War of the Rebellion Series. 141
some general reflections upon the whole body of troops sent out
by our State during the entire war, which numbered, as reported
by United States Provost Marshal General Fry, in February, 1866,
455.568 individuals, or reduced to the standard of three-years' en-
listment, to 380,980 men, or about 17.9 per cent, of the whole num-
ber furnished by all the States, while the quota of the State, based
upon the census of i860 was only 17.2 per cent., without allowing
for the large naval enlistments in our State or for the larger pro-
portion of arm-bearing men in the new States.
Disregarding the mixed motives of patriotism, ambition, cupid-
ity or frivolity that led to enlistments in this State, motives that
obtained equally throughout all the States, I am confident that the
people of no other State surpassed those of New York in the
promptitude of their responses to the exigent needs of their coun-
try or in the character and efficiency of those who responded. To
those citizen-soldiers is due the meed rather than to those who
supervised their organization and equipment. And I wish to say
here that I have not consciously misrepresented or disparaged those
who enlisted by any mention of their motives as revealed to me.
As time goes on there is a disposition, more and more, to exalt all
who enlisted as patriots and heroes, so that laws are passed in
Congress even to condone desertion and crown it with a pension.
It was my rare opportunity to see close at hand the elements of
our volunteer armies, and I must express my impressions without
any gloss of exaggeration or depreciation. No one can surpass
me in profound respect and praise for the large proportion of men
who enlisted from pure patriotic feeling or in gratitudfe to those
who died or were grievously wounded on the battlefield, or died
or were disabled by illness contracted in and incident to that serv-
ice. But there were at the bottom of this military mass the dregs
142 Annual Report of the State Historian.
represented by the poltroons, skulkers, deserters and bounty-
jumpers. There was not a battle or skirmish that did not have in
its rear and on its flanks a fringe of these vagabonds, who, dropping
from the ranks, sought shelter and left to their comrades the perils
of the assault. These are now raised to the same plane as those
who rendered good service — they are pure patriots, heroes, Union-
saviors, entitled to honor, glory and all that the most generous of
nations can bestow. I cannot refrain from some protest against
such injustice to the true veteran soldiers and to the truth of history.
By the end of November the strain imposed upon the State to
meet the demand for troops was almost wholly relaxed. There
were a few incomplete organizations, some of which remained for
the coming new State officers to exercise their prentice hands on.
It had been a very strenuous strain for four months, during which
every day, including the Sundays, had brought its added burdens.
I can recall one day — a Sunday at that — that certainly burdened
me. General Arthur was at Albany, and on the Saturday of a week
of great toil for all, I had allowed all the leading subordinates to
leave early in the afternoon, not to report again until Monday, since
they needed some relaxation, so I was practically alone. Late in the
day I received telegraphic advices of the sudden movement of three
regiments for New York, one from the west by the Erie Railroad,
and another from the west and one from the north to arrive by the
Hudson River road, all to arrive on Sunday forenoon at different
hours. I had a further dispatch from general headquarters direct-
ing these regiments be sent immediately forward to Washington
en route to the army. I could not recall our absentees, as I did
not know where they had. gone for their brief vacations. On Sun-
day, by the use myself of relays of hacks, I was able to provide
for the needs of these regiments, getting arms and accoutrements
War of the Rebellion Series. 143
for two of Ihem, rations served at the Park barracks for two and
at the Battery barracks for the other, and transportation for two
by the railroad to Philadelphia via Jersey City and the other by
the then New Jersey Southern railroad route via Sandy Hook.
The last regiment did not leave until midnight. Fortunately Colonel
Welch, assistant ordnance officer, was on duty that day and ready
to issue the arms, etc. I mention this incident only as exemplifying
the great pressure of those stirring days.
The later work of this period had been much increased by the
difficult and delicate work of consolidating incomplete companies
and regiments. In this I took no part, being detailed to other
duties, and the consolidations were effected by General Van Vechten,
whose tact and courteous- ways alleviated much of the disappoint-
ment, rancor and jealousy incident to the exclusion of so many
supernumerary officers.
As the general staff officers have always been considered as per-
sonal selections by successive Governors, and the new administra-
tion would take charge on January ist, the month of December
was largely occupied in the completion of unfinished business and
in the settlement of accounts. The auditing board created by
Chap. 397, Laws of 1862, consisted of the inspector, judge advocate
and quartermaster generals, who were authorized to examine and
audit claims against the State for expenses incurred in raising vol-
unteers, for which purpose an appropriation of $500,000 was made
to pay audited and proper claims. Generals Van Vechten, Anthon
and Arthur composed this board, of which I was, ex oMcio, secretary.
Many sessions were held in December and some claims audited,
but the principal achievement was the establishment of the prin-
ciples governing the audit. I may S3.y here that the board remained
in existence until April, 1868, when I prepared the final report, show-
144 Annual Report of the State Historian.
ing a total disbursement of $294,948.92, or only about three-fifths
of the appropriation, a remarkable accomplishment iri our State
finance, and what is quite as satisfactory, about the whole of this
sum has been refunded to the State upon the presentation of the
vouchers to the United States.
Another board, comprising the same officers, and of which I was
also secretary, audited the claims of our militia regiments for uni-
forms, etc., worn out or destroyed in their three months' service in
1861, for which purpose $50,000 was appropriated.
There was also the settlement of heavy accounts for supplies for
the third levy delivered on contracts made by Governor Morgan,
but payable directly by the United States.
In leaving that chamber in the old capitol where he had labored
so assiduously and with such a conscientious sense of duty Gov-
ernor Morgan had every reason to congratulate himself. Under
conditions the most grave and urgent the State had responded
promptly and nobly to every just demand upon it. Governor Mor-
gan was not a constructive statesman, nor had he the gift of oratory,
but he did have what was more important in his position in that
crisis, an excellent administrative ability, trained and seasoned by
his extensive experience as a merchant. As Governor and major-
general of volunteers, he was sagacious and untiring. His own
remarkable physical powers led him to overrate those of his subor-
dinates, some of whom broke down under the unremitting toil of
the last half of the year 1862. He assumed large responsibilities
and expected all of us to imitate his example when confronted by
an exigency requiring prompt relief. His natural traits and mer-
cantile training made him exact and exacting in all financial mat-
ters, and, if anything, inclined to be too parsimonious. As an
example of his economic ideas may be stated the inadequate pay
War of the Rebellion Series. 145
of the overworked generals on his staff, which was put at that of
a major in the United States service; but these were of his " military
family," from whom he expected sacrifices in those trying days.
His rare mercantile abilities were displayed in the contracts for
quartermaster and commissary stores in 1862, which bred no
defalcations or scandals. My official account of the terms and mag-
nitude of these transactions was accidentally destroyed.
Adjutant-General Hillhouse (of Geneva) had been a member of
the Senate and subsequently was State Comptroller and Assistant
«
United States Treasurer at New York. He was a methodical, assid-
uous and conscientious official.
General Arthur held three positions on the staff: engineer-in-
chief, January i, 1861, to April 11, 1862; inspector-general, April
12 to July II, 1862, and quartermaster-general, July 12 to Decem-
ber 31, 1862. He administered these somewhat incongruous
functions with singular ability, and under his auspices, aided
by distinguished engineers, military and civil, reports of great
value upon the defensive needs and works of the State were
made to the _ Legislature of 1862. As head of the quarter-
master's department in New York, both acting and actual, he
showed unusual executive ability both in routine and in occa-
sional fields of business and under conditions very difficult and com-
plex. As an instance of his shrewdness there was saved in the
transportation expenses of the third levy $43,174.13, being that
sum less than the allowance by the United States. He was a man
of fifle and attractive personal qualities, and Governor Morgan
almost invariably insisted that General Arthur should accompany
him on his official visits to Washington. Of his subsequent career
as collector of the port, Vice-President and President there is no
need to say anything here.
10
146 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Surgeon-General Vander Poel, who had held the same position
under Governor King, 1857-8, was not only a good physician but
also had a high administrative capacity. He selected competent
men as surgeons for the regiments and military depots, and by a
re-examination by his special aids of recruits passed by imperfect
examinations he caused the rejection of many with great advan-
tage and economy to the Government.
Quartermaster-General Van Vechten was a faithful, plodding offi-
cial, but lacking in the power or initiative.
General Welch, the ordnance officer, had been State Treasurer
and a man of great social popularity. He resigned in 1862 to take
a place with the rank of colonel on the staff of General Pope, com-
manding the Army of the Potomac, and contracting malarial fever
in the field, died after a short service.
Judge- Advocate General Anthon came from a scholastic family
and was a sound lawyer. His duties were confined to legal ques-
tions and the operation of the new militia law, of which he was
th^ author. His death at a comparatively early age cut short a
career that would have been useful and honorable.
Paymaster Bliss was a man of tireless activities in many direc-
tions. Among other tasks he had supervision of the care of 14,000
wounded soldiers who were quartered at the Park barracks while
en route through the city in May, June and July in 1862, and sub-
sequently was indefatigable in the payment of the State bounty.
After the war he became well known in the city as a prominent
figure in the management of his party and as United States district
attorney. '
The New Year on January i, 1863, dissolved our military connec-
tion, and we parted with mutual esteem. I am certain that the
others felt the same pride that I did in having been an official part
of a State administration so patriotic, pure and efficient.
APPENDIX A.*
ALLOTMENT OF PART OF SOLDIERS' PAY.
AT the very outset of the war it occurred to thoughtful people
that the withdrawal from productive labor of a large part of
its citizens for an uncertain period would breed grave conditions,
which, if not successfully met, would bring great embarrassments,
ever increasing as the war was prolonged. The citizens who enlisted
were selected, both as to age and bodily coijdition, from the class
whose productive capacity was in a physical sense the highest.
In this withdrawal of so many wage-earners the first question to be
solved was as to the assured support, during their absence, of those
dependent on them, since the enforced assumption of this obliga-
tion as a public charge would not only be a grievous addition to
the burdens resting upon the people, but what would be worse,
would generate a large pauper class, with all the demoralizing con-
sequences and influences so noxious in older nations, and which
we had fortunately so far escaped. There was also to be consid-
ered the subjective effect of such a severance of family interests
and obligations upon the soldiers themselves, separated from their
homes, at great distances and for long, periods, immersed in excite-
ments and distractions and often without communication of any
sort for many months. War exerts upon most of those -.engaged
* See pages 54, 136.
148 Annual Report of the State Historian.
in it tendencies so vicious and depraving that society, in self-
defence, can neglect no agency by which the evils may be prevented
or mitigated.
The pay of the private soldier, $13 a month, at first glance seems
paltry, but when it is considered that, in addition, he receives food,
clothing, quarters and medical attendance, there seems no reason
why he should spend for his own needs more than $3 to $5 a
month, and not allot the residue for the support of his dependents,
or if free from that contingency, should not direct its deposit in a
savings bank to accumulate as capital when he returns to the
working world. These motives led to an inadequate act of Con-
gress, passed July 22, 1861, during the short session called to meet
the sudden exigencies and perils caused by the rebellion. So imper-
fect were this law and the agencies for its execution, that it bore
no good results. A more effective law was passed on December
,24, 1861, and under its provisions President Lincoln, four days
later, appointed as commissioners for the State of New York three
of its citizens who had been largely instrumental in the passage of
the law. These were Theodore Roosevelt, father of President
Roosevelt; William E. Dodge, Jr., and Theodore Bronson, all of
New York city, and notable as foremost there in all good works,
moral, social and political. Mr. Roosevelt was chairman of the
commission, and in the brief survey here of the achievements of
the members it may be premised that the law expressly declared
that in the discharge of their functions under it they " shall
receive no pay or emolumetits whatever from the Treasury of the
United States." Thus not only were their services purely gratui-
tous, but they paid every cent of their expenses out of their own
pockets. These public-spirited citizens immediately set about their
task by visiting the Army of the Potpmac, encamped in a quagmire
War of the Rebellion Series. ■ 149
of deep, tenacious mud on the Virginia side of that river opposite
Washington. During the months of January, February and March
they beat up the quarters of 80 regiments in that army, and at Bal-
timore, AnnapoHs, Fortress Monroe and Newport News. It was
a very severe winter, and away from all the usual conveniences of
civilization they were almost entirely dependent upon the higher
officers for quarters, subsistence and transportation. Their method
of solicitation was to request the officers to have the companies, or,
if practicable, an entire regiment, drawn up in hollow square, when
one of the commissioners would address the soldiirs, explaining
the law, appealing to them on behalf of their distant families, and
disabusing their minds of prejudices arising from the defects of
the earlier law or raised by interested parties. Of these latter were
some of the paymasters . and their clerks, who found their labor
increased by the division of payments into money in hand and
cheques for the allotted amounts. But the most effective opposi-
tion came from the sutlers, who, seeing the serious diminution of
their profits from the sales, at exorbitant prices, of wares mostly
unnecessary or injurious, put up placards impudently warning the
men that the law was an attempt of the Government to swindle
them out of their wages. The commissioners were informed that
officers were often partners with the sutlers, and shared in their
profits, and that liquor was sold constantly in violation of law,
often " hidden under all kinds of ingenious devices, disguised as
tobacco, bread, etc., and even in some cases in imitation Bibles."
It was my own observation that sutlers, as a class, exerted a very
demoralizing influence.
In April the commissioners visited the New York troops under
General Hunter on the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia and Flor-
ida, but with indififerent success, having been preceded by osten-
i5o Annual Report of the State Historian.
sible agents of the New York common council, who, in the clumsy
presentation of their own allotment system, prejudiced the men
against any method; During the raising of the third levy — in the
summer and fall of 1862 — the commissioners visited all the regi-
ments in their respective camps throughout the State and secured
a large allotment. It was during this service that I became per-
sonally cognizant with the admirable work they were doing, which
I was further 'brought in, contact with a year later in Washington,
Virginia and the camps south of Harrisburg, Pa.
On November 15, 1862, the commission made a report to the
President, from which some of the above information is abstracted,
giving the allotments made up to that date by soldiers from, this
State as aggregating $5,341,8^0.21 per annum. This vast sum rep-
resents, economically, socially and morally, more than can be con-"
ceived at this late day, when the abnormal and relaxing conditions
of that long, exhausting war are forgotten or unknown. It was a
work in the advantages of which the soldier, his family and his
State participated, rendered by three men, who, doubtful of their
military ability and value, gave in lieu of service under arms such
other good service as they could in an unselfish and devoted spirit.
All the saviors of our country did not, go into the martial arena; if
they had there would have been no salvation.
The efforts of the commissioners continued to the end of the war,
but all the later recruiting was by individuals for the regiments
in the field, or by drafting, or by purchase of men in the open mart
to fill quotas, and it was difficult to reach these isolated cases,
.though in spite of obstacles many allotments were secured.
The experience gained by Messrs. Roosevelt and Dodge in the
operation of the allotment system. drew their attention, towards the
close of the war, to the disadvantages which the families of deceased
War of the Rebellion Series. 151
soldiers, as also the disabled soldiers themselves, suffered in the
collection of back pay and pensions. The procedure in these claims
being intricate and technical, the claimants were apt to become the
prey of unscrupulous pension agents, who deducted large commis-
sions and often, in their own interest, delayed collections, causing
great hardship. In cooperation with other leading citizens of New
York city they organized the " Protective War Claim Association,"
of which the venerable General Winfield Scott was president, with
an office at 35 Chambers street. The purpose of this organization
was the collection of claims without any cost to the claimants, the
giving of gratuitous advice to the discharged soldiers and sailors
regarding bounties, pensions, etc., and, not least, in preventing the
making of false claims against the Government — purposes of course
very obnoxious to some parties. This good work was only closed
when the pension and related business was monopolized by the pen-
sion agents through their practical alliance, for mutual benefit, with
the organized veterans, an alliance that has. achieved stupendous
results.
Mr. Roosevelt died in February, 1878, and Mr. Bronson some time
later, leaving Mr. Dodge the sole survivor of this trio of unselfish
patriots.
APPENDIX B:
HEADQUARTERS, DEPOTS, STOREHOUSES,
BARRACKS AND CAMPS.
OF course the general headquarters were at Albany, where
the Governor, adjutant-general and inspector-general had
offices in the Capitol, where the Assembly library was given to the
adjutant-general and two rooms built in the front of the spacious
hall on the main floor were added to the offices of the Governor
and adjutant-general. The inspector-general's office, when the
Legislature was not in session, was in the ante-room and post-office
of the Senate over the Executive Chamber. These rooms, which
I occupied in 1861-62, had some hereditary associations, as my
grandfather, James Burt, of Orange, had been in the Legislature
for twenty years between 1797 and 1827. He voted in the Assem-
bly on the bill to erect the Capitol, and was in the Senate ten years;
my father was deputy clerk of that body for several years prior
to .1829. Surgeon-General Vander Poel, for convenience, had his
office in his residence on the northeast comer of Pearl and Steuben
streets. The quartermaster-general had an office a part of the time
in the Capitol and a part at the depot. General Arthur had his
office in New York in the military storehouse. No. 51 Walker street,
of which more anon.
* See pages 18, 46, 49, 96.
154 Annual Report of the State Historian.
The three depots designated as the rendezvous for volunteers were
as follows :
At Albany, in the industrial school building, a large brick struc-
ture in the southwest part of the city, to which many rough wooden
additions were made. Brigadier-General John F. Rathbone, of
Albany, was commandant. He was a prominent and public-spirited
citizen of Albany, where he died in 1901 at an advanced age. His
assistant adjutant-general was Charles Emory Smith, then just grad-
uated from college, and since favorably known as editor of the Phila-
delphia Press, Minister to Russia and Postmaster-General.
The depot at New York was at brigade headquarters in the
armory over the old market house on Grand and Centre streets.
Brigadier-General Charles Yates was commandant. General Arthur
had been a member of his staff.
In the autumn of 1861 there were established branch depots at
Binghamton, Boonville, Buffalo, Cherry Valley, Cortland, Deposit,
Geneseo, Hancock, Kingston, Le Roy, Lyons, Malone, Ogdens-
burg, Oswego, Plattsburgh, Potsdam, Rochester, Sackets Harbor,
Syracuse and Troy.
The three principal depots were used for the first levy, and these
and the branch depots for the second levy.
The depot at New York had from the first many places for ren-
dezvous, among which were the Park barracks, the Battery bar-
racks. No, 632 Broadway and other buildings in the city used tem-
porarily; Camps Scott, Washington, Arthur, Decker, Peissner and
Quarantine, in the towns of Castleton and New Brighton, Staten
Island; on which also were camps at New Dorp and Elm Park.
In Brooklyn there were camps in the city park and East New York,
oiie at Flatbush, and on the Sound at Rikers, South Brothers and
Davids islands, at Fort Schuyler and Willets Point, and at Scars-
dale, Westchester county.
War of the Rebellion Series, 155
The most interesting of the barracks and camps in the State was
■ the structure built in New York city in April and May, 1861, on
the truncated triangle forming the southern part of the City Hall
park, now occupied in part by the post-ofifice building and Mail
street. It was known as the Park barracks, and was in constant
use until its demolition after the war in 1865. It was, in a primitive
way, a picturesque building of wood, and the fine elm trees on its
site were carefully preserved, their great rugged trunks appearing
inside the building as Druidical columns supporting its roof, while
from without were seen the branches shooting high above the edi-
fice, giving it a peculiarly sylvan aspect, and when in foliage pro-
tecting it from the hot sun.
In the interior were spacious apartments for offices, kitchetis,
messrooms and for sleeping bunks accommodating a thousand men
or more. The main entrance was at the north end on Broadway.
These barracks were not only used for recruiting purposes in the
city, but were also a convenient shelter for regiments passing
through, to and from the field, and this use was not confiiled to the
regiments of this State, but extended to those of all the New
England States. As to these latter, there were special organizations
of citizens, natives of the respective States, who not only welcomed
these transient regiments, but added the luxuries of the season,
usually fruits but occasionally ice cream, to the regular rations served
in the messrooms. Colonel Frank Howe, who was military repre-
sentative of Massachusetts, may be remembered by old city resi-
dents as quite conspicuous on these occasions. He had a great
penchant for exhibiting his tall and rather handsome person and
having his " doings " prominently chronicled in the papers.
Special welcome was given to the embrowned and tattered mem-
bers of the shrunken regiments returning at the expiration of their
iS6 Annual Report of the State Historian.
enlistment, the first of these being those of our first levy. Isolated
soldiers on leave found a temporary asylum here, but in April, 1863,
a spacious " home " for these was established by the State in two
five;story warehouses, Nos. 50 and 52 Howard street, and the adjoin-
ing building. No. 16 Mercer street, which were comfortably fitted
with all ihe appliances of a hotel, and where soldiers, without regard
to their State, obtained without expense lodging, meals and other
conveniences, including special attention to the wounded and sick.
This house remained open until the close of the war.
The Park barracks are associated with many memories of the
war times in the minds of all those who had a part in the State mil-
itary establishment and of the thousands of veterans who were
accommodated there, as also of old citizens who recall the many
incidents connected with that quaint building. It is to be regretted
that the city has no painting of the Park barracks as a memento
of those exciting times, and also of the patriotic endeavors and
public spirit of its citizens, and as a preservative of the scene where
they gave welcome and God-speed to so many soldiers of this and
other States. Yet why could we expect any such sentimental con-
siderations by a city that subsequently relinquished this site to
the United States for a paltry sum and the erection of an architectu-
ral monstrosity on it, and so mutilating our municipal park from
every point of view, and contracting a space not only valuable in
a sanitary sense, but also as a part of the open area or common
connected with our civil life and annals for two and a half centuries?
The wooden barracks erected in the Battery park were of smaller
dimensions and less importance, though very useful.
In 1861 the bark " Kate Stamler," anchored in New York, was
used as a rendezvous for recruits for the " marine artillery."*
* See page 57.
War of the Rebellion Series. 157
At Plattsburgh were used the United States barracks on the Lake
Champlain bluff, south of the town, which, having accommodations
for two companies only, were supplemented by temporary additions
made by the State.
The regimental camps for the third levy and the regiments, etc.
(infantry when not otherwise specified), that were organized at them
were as follows:
Albany, One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment — two inde-
pendent companies;
Auburn, One Hundred and Eleventh, One Hundred and Thirty-
eighth and One Hundred and Sixtieth Regiments;
Brooklyn, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth^ One Hundred and
Fifty-eighth and One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Regiments;
Binghamton, One Hundred and Ninth and One Hundred and
Thirty-seventh Regiments;
Buffalo, One Hundred and Sixteenth and One Hundred and
Fifty-fifth Regiments and one battery of artillery;
Delhi, One Hundred and Forty-fourth Regiment;
Elmira, One Hundred and Seventh, One Hundred and Forty-first
and One Hundred and Sixty-first Regiments;
Fonda, One Hundred and Fifteenth and One Hundred and Fifty-
third Regiments;
Geneva, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth and One Hundred and
Forty-eighth Regiments ;
Goshen, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment;
Hamilton, One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Regiment;
Hudson, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment;
Jamestown, One Hundred and Twelfth and One Hundred and
Fifty-fourth Regiments;
Kingston, One Hundred and Twentieth and One Hundred and
Fifty-jixth Regiments;
158 Annual Report of the State Historian.
Lockport, One Hundred and Twenty^ninth and One Hundred and
Fifty-first Regiments and four batteries of artillery;
Mohawk, One Hundred and Twenty-first and One Hundred and
Fifty-second Regiments;
Monticello, One Hundred and Forty^third Regiment;
New York, One Hundred and Nineteenth, One Hundred and
Twenty-seventh, One Hundred and Thirty-first, One Hundred and
Thirty-second, One Hundred and Thiriy-third, One Hundred
and Forty-fifth, One Hundred and Sixty-second, One Hundred and
Sixty-third, One Hundred and Sixty^fourth, One Hundred and Sev-
entieth, One Hundred and Seventy-first and One Hundred and
Seventy-third Regiments;*
Norwich, One Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment;
Ogdensburg, One Hundred and Sixth and One Hundred and
Forty-second Regiments;
Oswego, One Hundred and Tenth and One Hundred and Forty-
seventh Regiments and one battery of artillery;
Plattsburgh, One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment;
Portage, One Hundred and Thirtieth and One Hundred and
Thirty-sixth Regiments;
Poughkeepsie, One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment;
Rochester, One Hundred and Eighth and One Hundred and For-
tieth Regiments and twO' batteries of artillery;
Rome, One Hundred and Seventeenth and One Hundred and
Forty-sixth Regiments;
Salem, One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment;
* While these regiments were finally organized in and around New York,
their component parts should be credited to other localities for the most
part. They were partially formed. of companies raised elsewhere and con-
solidated in New York, but it would be difficult to give the proper credits
now.
' War of the Rebellion Series. 159
Sackets Harbor, four battalions of artillery ;
Stapleton, S. I., One Hundred and Seventy-fifth Regiment;
Syracuse, One Hundred and Twenty-second and One Hundred
and Forty-ninth Regiments;
Troy, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth and One Hundred and
Sixtyr ninth Regiments;
Yonkers, One Hundred and Thirty-fifth and One Hundred and
Seventy-second regiments ;
At most of these camps barracks, mess buildings, etc., were
erected except where there were those that had been built or leased
for the earlier levies.
The military storehouse at Albany was in a rented warehouse on
Broadway opposite the steamboat landing. Colonel Isaac Vander-
pool was the military storekeeper.
At the Elmira depot Brigadier- General Robert B. Van Valken-
burgh (N. Y. Militia) was commandant, with headquarters in two
storehouses on Baldwin street back of the (then) Brainerd House.
The military storehouse was a part of the same buildings, under
charge of Colonel C. C. B. Walker.
Early in May, 1861, orders were received from Albany to prepare
for the reception of ten companies of the first levy, but forty arrived
almost simultaneously; a part of this unexpected muster was quar-
tered in a building recently erected for a barrel factory and there-
after used and known as Barracks No. i, and the remainder tem-
porarily quartered in churches, etc., until rented lodgings could be
procured. Commodious barracks were later built on the banks of
the Chemung river, east of the city, and used for all the levies, and
in 1863-64 were occupied by the Confederate prisoners collected at
Elmira under the general supervision of Colonel Benjamin F. Tracy,
One Hundred and Ninth Regiment, Voluriteer Infantry.
i6o Annual Report of the State Historian.
General Van Valkenburgh's assistant adjutant-general was Cap-
tain William Rumsey, who resigned in August, 1861, to take the
adjutancy of the First Regiment New York Artillery, and has been
a judge of the Supreme Court — :i88i to 1901. He was succeeded
by Captain Ira Davenport, who was State Senator 1880-81 and
State Comptroller 1882-83. General Van Valkenburgh was. com-
missioned colonel of the One Hundred and Seventh Regiment
Volunteer Infantry in September, 1862, being then a member of
Congress, as was also Alexander S. Diven, who was lieutenant-
colonel of the same regiment and its colonel after October 21, 1862.
General Van Valkenburgh served two terms in Congress and was
United States minister to Japan 1866-70. Colonel Diven was assist-
ant United States provost-rharshal-general in 1863-64 in charge of
the conscription in this State.
Colonel Elliott F. Shepard became commandant of the Elmira
depot in September, 1862.
At New York General Arthur, in the early part of May, 1861,
secured a new warehouse at 51 Walker street, which, with its novel
iron front and four stories, was conspicuous in a block of old-time
low buildings. The military stores were received here, issued to
regiments in the vicinity and shipped to the other military stores.
The building was spacious, occupying about all of the lot, and in
the upper stories were offices for the departments of the quarter-
master and inspector generals and the auditing boards. It was the
center of vast activities in the exigent period when 60,000 recruits
were fitted out in July and August, and was not abandoned until
May I, 1865.
The State ordnance department was administered in the new
State arsenal on the northeast corner of Seventh avenue and Thirty-
fifth street. It had recently replaced the old arsenal in Central
War of the Rebellion Series. i6i
park, facing Fifth avenue at Sixty-fourth street, since occupied by
the park department and surrounded by the menagerie buildings.
In the new arsenal were stored cannon, small arms and their accou-
trements and a certain amount of cartridges. It was invested by
the rioters in July, 1863, and became one of the principal points of
concern in those perilous days, since the capture of its arms and
ammunition would, under the grave condition of affairs, have made
the mob invincible.
II
1 62
Annual Report of the State Historian.
Colonels of New York Volunteer Regiments Promoted by the
President to be Brigadier-Generals of United States Volunteers.
NAME.
Michael Corcoran
Henry W . Slocum
Louis Blanker
Abraham Duryea
Daniel B. Sicldes
Dauiel Battel field . . . .
Isaac I. Stevens
Julius Stahel
Thomas A. Davies
Isaac F. Quinby
James H. Van Alen.. . .
Max Weber
George S. Greene
John Cochrane
Joseph B. Can-
Joseph J. Bartlett
Nelson l^lor
Edward Fierrero
Adolph Von Steinwehr.
Oalvin E. Pratt
Francis C. Barlow
Gouvemeur K. Warren
J. H. HobartWard....
Charles C. Dodge
Lewis C. Hunt
William Dwight, Jr
Wladimir Kryzanowski
James H. Ledlie
Daniel Ullman
Francis L. Vinton
Robert B. Potter
Charles K. Graham. . . .
William H. Morris
Gustavus A. De Russy.
Samuel K. Zook
Alexander Shaler
Judson Kilpatrick
Alfred N.Duffie
Edward P. Chapin
Kenner Garrard
James C. Rice
Henry E. Davies
Re^ De Trobriand . . .
Nelson A. Miles
Emory Upton
Daniel D. Bidwell
Thomas W. Egan
Wm. H. Seward, Jr.. . .
Alfred Gibbs
N. Martin Curtis
Thomas C. Devin
John H. Ketcham
Patrick H. Jones
Joseph E. Hamblin
Henry A. Bamum
Charles H. Van Wyck..
WiUiam B. Tibbitts. . . .
Morgan H. Chrysler . . .
Colonel of
Date of
rank.
69th Militia
July
21, 1861
27th Regiment Infantry
August
9,1861
8th Regiment Infantry
August
9, 1861
5th Regiment Infantry
August
31, 1861
70th Regiment Infantry
12th N. Y. Stste Militia
Septembei
3, 1861
Septembei
7, 1861
79th Regiment Infantry
September 28, 1861
8th Regiment Infantry
November 12, 1861
16th Regiment Infantry
March
7, 1862
13th Regiment Infantry
March
17, 1862
3d Regiment ( Cavalry
April
15, 1862
20th Regiment nfantry
April
28, 1862
60th Regiment nfantry
April
28, 1862^
65th Regiment nfantry
July
17, 1862
2d Regiment nfantry
August
29, 1862
27th Regiment nfantry
Septembei
4, 1862
72d Regiment nfantry
Septembei
9, 1862
51st Regiment Infantry
September 10, 1862
29th Regiment Infantry
September 12, 1862
31st Regiment Infantry
September 13, 1862
61st Regiment Infantry
September 19, 1862
5th Regiment Infantry
September 26, 1862
38th Regiment Infantry
October
4.1862
lat Regiment Mounted Rifles. .
November 29, 1862
92d Regiment Infantry
November 29, 1862
70th Regiment Infantry
November 29, 1862
58th Regiment Infantry
November 29, 1862
3d Regiment Artillery
December
4, 1862
78th Regiment Infantry
January
Mar^
13,1863
43d Regiment Infantry
13, 1863
51st Regiment Infantry
March
13, 1863
74th Regiment Infantry
March
15, 1863
6th Regiment Artillery
April
May
2, 1863
4th Regiment Artillery
23, 1863
57th Regiment Infantry
May
23, 1863
65th Regiment Infantry
May
26, 1863
2d Regiment Cavalry
June
13, 1863
(Majorl 2d Cavalry
Jvme
24, 1863
116th Regiment Infantry
June
27, 1863
146th Regiment Infantry
July
23, 1863
44th Regiment Infantry
Augtist
17, 1863
2d Regiment Cavalry
September 16, 1863
38th Regunent Infantry
January
5, 1864
61st Regiment Infantry
May
12, 1864
121st Regiment Infantry
July
4, 1864
49th Regiment Infantry
August
11,1864
40th Regiment Infantry
September
2,1864
9th Regiment Artillery
October
4,1864
1st Regiment Dragoons
December
8, 1864
142d Regiment Infantry
January
24, 1865
6th.Regiment Cavalry
March
13, 1865
160th Regiment Infantry
tuf
1,1865
154th Regiment Infantry
9,1865
65th Regiment Infantry
May
19, 1865
149th Regiment Infantry
M&y
31, 1865
56th Regiment Infantry
September
27, 1865
2l8t Regiment Cavalry
October
28. 1865
2d Veteran Cavalry
November 11. 1868
Notes. — Many of these brigadier-generals were subsequently
appointed major-generals of volunteers and some entered the Reg-
ular Army. Three generals were appointed from the Second Cav-
alry and the Sixty-fifth Infantry, and two from each of the following
War of the Rebellion Series. 163
regiments: Fifth, Eighth, Twenty-seventh, Fifty-first, Sixty-first
and Seventieth Infantry.
General Slocum, a West Pointer, participated in all the battles of
the East up to the fight at Gettysburg, where he commanded the
right wing of the Army of the Potomac. Subsequently was trans-
ferred to the western army, where he commanded the twentieth
corps ; the army of Georgia and the left wing of Sherman's army on
its march to the sea through Carolina. For a detailed sketch of
General Slocum and General Sickles see Second Annual Report of
the State Historian, pages 29-34. General Slocum died nth of
April, 1894.
General Thomas A. Davies was a graduate of West Point of the
class of 1829; was assigned tO' the First Infantry, but resigned in
1831 to practice civil engineering in the city of New York. At the
outbreak of the war he was in business in that city and was assigned
to the Sixteenth New York Volunteers as colonel. He was made
brigadier-general March 7, 1862, and participated in the Mississippi
campaign; from 1862 to June, 1865, was in command of departments
in the West and Northwest. He died near Ogdensburg 19th of
August, 1899.
General John Cochrane was descended from revolutionary stock,
his grandfather being surgeon-general of the Continental Army.
John Cochrane was surveyor of the port of New York, 1853. He
was a member of Congress, 1857-61, brigadier-general, 1864-65, and
died the 7th of February, 1898.
General Carr attained high distinction during the war for his mili-
tary ability. He was Secretary of State, 1880-86, and died at Troy,
N. Y., the 24th of February, 1895.
General Bartlett was regarded as one of the best dressed officers
in the Army of the Potomac; was minister to Sweden in 1867; sub-
164 Annual Report of the State Historian.
sequently commissioner of pensions; died at Baltimore the 14th of
January, 1893.
General Pratt was another officer very highly regarded in the vol-
unteer service; he occupied a seat on the Supreme Court bench in
Kings county from 1870 to his death, August 3, 1898.
General Barlow, one of the youngest generals in the army, and
severely wounded in the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg, was
Secretary of State, 1866-67, ^"d Attorney-General, 1872-73; died
nth of January, 1896.
General Warren, a West Point graduate, held important com-
mands during the war; for a detailed sketch of General Warren see
Second Annual Report of the State Historian, pages 38-45.
General Ward was State commissary-general, 1856-60.
General Dodge was a son of William E. Dodge, the well known
merchant and philanthropist of New York city; after the war prac-
ticed his profession of the law in the western part of New York and
was promoted to the bench and established a reputation of a great
jurist.
General Ullman was the nominee of the " Know-Nothing " party
for Governor in 1854.
General Vinton was a graduate of West Point and member of a
well known military family, his father having been killed in the Mex-
ican war.
General Potter was a son of Bishop Alonzo Potter of Pennsylvania
and brother of Bishop Henry C. Potter of New York.
■ General Graham was surveyor of the port of New York, 1878-83,
and naval officer of same, 1883-85; died the 15th of April, 1889.
General Morris was a West Point graduate and son of George P.
Morris, a writer of some repute and author of " Woodman, Spare
that Tree ", etc. See page 104 for biography.
War of the Rebellion Series. 165
General Kilpatrick became one of the leading cavalry generals of
the war and subsequently minister resident to Chili; died at Val-
paraiso the 4th of December, 1881.
General George S. Greene was bom in Rhode Island, graduated
No. 2 in the West Point class of 1823. He was a distinguished
officer during the War of the Rebellion. For several years before
his death he was the oldest surviving graduate of the West Point
academy. He died at Morristown, N. J., January 28, 1899. For a
detailed sketch of General Greene's life, see Second Annual Report
of the State Historian, pages 53-56. '
General Charles H. Van Wyck, a native of Poughkeepsie, entered
the Union Army as colonel of the Tenth Legion of the Fifty-sixth
N. Y. Volunteers and commanded it throughout the war. He was
elected to the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Fortieth and Forty-first
Congress from the Orange county district; removed to Nebraska
and subsequently served that State in the United States Senate.
General H. E. Davies, son of Judge H. E. Davies, Court of
Appeals.
General Miles has gradually risen to his present position of lieu-
tenant-general U. S. A.
General Upton was a graduate of West Point and published imme-
diately after the war a treatise on military tactics which took the
place of the previous " Hardee Tactics " ; while in command of the
Presidio at San Francisco his mind became afifected, and during a
temporary aberration he took his Ufe on March 4th, 1881.
General Seward is son of the great New York statesman, William
H. Seward, and is a prominent banker of Auburn, N. Y.
General N. Martin Curtis, member of Congress for several terms;
member of Assembly several terms; resident of Ogdensburg, N. Y.
General Jones, postmaster New York city, 1869-73; register of
New York city, 1868-69, 1874-77.
1 66 Annual Report of the State Historian.
)
General Barnum, inspector of prisons, 1866-69; member of
Assembly, 1885; died in New York city 29th January, 1892.
General John Henry Ketcham was born at Dover, N. Y., Decem-
ber 21, 1832; member of Assembly in 1856, 1857; State Senator,
i860, 1861 ; member of the war committee for his senatorial district;
resigned from the army March, 1865, to take a seat in Congress;
was elected to the Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty-second,
Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth,
Fiftieth, Fifty-first, Fifty-second, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth and Fifty-
seventh Congresses; received the title of major general by brevet.
The general officers from this State who were killed in action or
died while in the service were :
General Isaac I. Stevens, killed in action at Chantilly Septem-
ber I, 1862;
General Edwin V. Sumner, died at Syracuse March 21, 1863;
General Chapin, killed in action at Port Hudson May 27, 1863;
General Samuel K. Zook, killed in action at Gettysburg July 2,
1863;
General Michael Corcoran, died December 22, 1863;
General James C. Rice, killed in action in the Wilderness May 10,
1864;
General James S. Wadsworth, died of wounds received in the bat-
tle of the Wilderness May 8, 1864;
General David A. Russell, killed in action at the battle of Opequon
September 19, 1864;
General Bidwell, killed at the battle of Cedar Creek October
19, 1864.
APPENDIX C:
THE DEFENSES OF NEW YORK*
THE war with Spain, which was officially declarecf April 21, 1898,
threw this country forward ten years in the matter of strength-
ening coast defenses. Up to the time of the sinking of the Maine,
Congress had displayed not only a most parsimonious but a most in-
different policy regarding our national defenses. The importance of
providing suitable armament and of adequate forces for the protec-
tion of our great seaport towns was overlooked and disregarded to
a degree that was next door to criminal. Army and naval experts
for years had declared in interviews, in the public press, in maga-
zines and in official reports that the next war would fall upon us
suddenly and would be decided before we were in a state of pre-
paredness. Predictions were frequently heard from coolheaded and
able generals that a declaration of war would be followed immedi-
ately by the appearance of a hostile fleet in the harbors of New York,
Boston, Washington or San Francisco. Military students and
observers were keenly alive to the appalling dangers that threatened
our country, for it was a recognized fact that, unlike all previous
wars where troops could be precipitately thrown together and mobil-
ized while their equipment, guns and ammunition were being manu-
factured for them, years of preparation were necessary in the con-
* See page 88.
i68 Annual Report of the State Historian.
struction of modern ammunition, modern ordnance and the
instruction necessary for the soldier to handle the implements of
warfare as conducted to-day.
As has been usual at every crisis in the history of this country.
Congress displayed its hysterical spasm of patriotism and promptly
voted an emergency fund of fifty million of dollars to be used by the
President in pitching the country into a state of defense by land and
sea.
Under the distribution of this fund, the different departments of
the army and navy entrusted with the severe responsibilities so sud-
denly thrust upon them worked with an energy and accomplished
results in a short space of time that aroused the admiration of the
entire country. Not only was New York harbor speedily converted
into a fortress that was almost impregnable, but the work of develop-
ment has progressed until to-day it could successfully withstand
an assault from any one of the great European powers. The works
at Sandy Hook, now called Fort Hancock, at the Narrows, at the
eastern extremity of Long Island, at Throgs Neck and Willets
Point, are mounted with the heaviest and most effective siege guns
manufactured, together with batteries of 12-inch mortars and sec-
ondary batteries of rapid-fire guns. The heaviest caliber guns are
mounted on disappearing gun carriages, and are invisible, except
for the few seconds' exposure in firing, from a vessel approaching
the coast. To-day New York city is in better shape to meet an
armed host from the sea or by land than at any time in the history
of the country. The work is still progressing.
STATE HISTORIAN.
INDEX.
A. PAGE
Absenteeism ' go
Accounts:
auditor of 25
adjustment of 50
audited in inspector general's oiifice 61
for supplies, settlement of 144
Adjutant general's headquarters 16
Agnew, Dr. Cornelius, mentioned 3
Albany, troops in 24
Allen, William H., colonel , 138
Allotment of part of privates' pay .50, 136, 147-151
Amsberg, George von, colonel 47
Anthon, William Henry, judge advocate general 14
drafts the National Guard law 80
discusses it before legislative committees 81
attempts to enforce compulsory service mp
in charge of draft in New York and Kings counties 123, 124
characteristics 146
mentioned 143
Antietam, Md., battle of 112, 130
Appropriation of funds for the war r 82, 134
Arden, Thomas B., colonel, succeeds Edmund Schriver as aide-de-camp,
sketch of his life S'S
assistant paymaster general 107
Arms:
difficulty in obtaining. 211, 82
purchased ; 22, 83
Arthur, Chester Alan, engineer-in-chief 14, 18, 20, 5,5, 72
becomes inspector general 78^0
quartermaster general 96
embarrassed by United States officers to fill requisitions 102
170 Index.
PAGE
Arthur, Chester Alan, his overwhelming duties 113
his administrative abilities 14S, 160
mentioned 139, 142, 143, IS3, IS4
Artillery:
in 1861 II, 45
attempts to raise 23
remanded to State authority 48
in 1862 60, 84
in October, 1862 117. 126
in December, 1862 127
turned over to General Banks 131
infantry regiments converted into 13a
raised after December, 1862 133
in 1861 and 1862 133
Auditing board, final report 143
Auditor of accounts 25
Augur, Christopher C, general 28
B.
Bailey, Guilford R., colonel of the Second Regiment of Artillery, killed
at Fair Oaks, Va 59
Baker, Edward Dickenson, killed at Balls Blufif, Va., sketch of his
life i 49, 63, 64
Balls Bluflf, Va., engagement at 49, 63
Banks, Nathaniel P., Union general 89
defeated at Cedar Mountain, Va 106
relieves General Butler at New Orleans 131
Barlow, Francis Channing, brigadier general 162, 164
Barnard, John G., United States engineers 70
Barnum, Henry A., brigadier general 162, 166
Barracks 103, 153-161
Bartlett, Joseph J., brigadier general 162, 163, 164
Beadle, Tracy, member of assembly 77
Beaufort, S. C, capture of 68
Beauregard, Pierre G. T., confederate general, massing his forces a few
miles west of Washington, D. C 43
Index. 171
PAGE.
Belmont, Mo., battle at 67
Bendix, John E., colonel, his command, the Seventh New York, fires
into the Third New York at Big Bethel, Va 36
Benedict, Charles L., United States district judge 77
Benton, Nathaniel S., canal auditor 76
Betge, Robert J., colonel 48
Bidwell, Daniel D., brigadier general 162
killed at the battle of Cedar Creek, Va 166
Big Bethel, Va. :
disaster at 36
force engaged at 45
Black Horse Cavalry 59
Blair, Francis Preston, union soldier 48
Blankets :
difficulty in obtaining 21
requisition for 96
Blenker, Louis, colonel and brigadier general 57, 65, 162
Bliss, George, assistant adjutant general 64
appointed paymaster general, characteristics 107, 146
his endurance 109
Bouchard, Antoine, mentioned 106
Bounties 54, 97, 107, no, 118, 126, 134, 138
" Bowery Boys " 138
Bradford, Samuel D., aide-de-camp 15
Bradley, John, colonel. State agent at Washington, D. C 98, 99
Bragg. Braxton, confederate general, wins successes in the west 132
Brigadier generals :
depots under command of 18
appointment 32, 39, 46
continued in command 49
assistants 49
list of V . . 162
Bronson, Theodore, mentioned 148, 151
Brooklyn, riot in 116
Buckingham, Charles, mentioned 20
172 Index.
PAGE.
Buckner, Simon Bolivar, confederate general, proposes to surrender
Fort Donelson, Tenn., to General Grant 85
Bull Run, Va. :
first battle of 43
force engaged at 45
second battle „ no, iii
Bullet machine 22
Burnham, Frederick G., assistant paymaster general 107
Burnside, Ambrose E., general, his disaster at Fredericksburg, Va 28
expedition to Roanoke Island, N. C 92
assumes command of the Army of the Potomac 129, 132
Burt, James, mentioned 153
Burt, Silas W., urges Governor Morgan to prepare history of his second
administration 3
papers lost by fire 3
appointed auditor of military accounts 25
appointed assistant inspector general 81
assigned to inspect regimental camps, his duties 99^110
Busteed, Richard, brigadier general 138-139
Butler, Benjamin F., major general in command at Newport News, Va. . . 36
captures Forts Hatteras and Clark, N. C 62
expedition to Ship Island, Miss 92
" contraband of war " 116
relieved at New Orleans by General Banks 131
mentioned 138
Butterfield, Daniel, brigadier general 162
C.
Cameron, James Dbnald, mentioned 14
Cameron, Simon, secretary of war, sketch of life 13-14
controversy with state authorities ^ 27, 28, 35
requests the states to withdraw their purchasing agent from Europe. . 83
Campbell, Duncan, colonel 16, 123
Campbell, Robert, lieutenant governor, mentioned 14
despatched to Washington , 35
Camps 153-161
inspection . . 98, 106
Index. 173
PAGE
Camps near Albany 24
Canals, enlargement of 78
Carr, Joseph B., brigadier general 162-163
Carricks Ford, W. Va., engagement at 42
Cavalry:
in 1861 II
attempts to raise 23
remanded to state authority 48
hesitation in accepting 59
nine regiments included in second levy 59
in 1862 84
December, 1862 , 127
regiments raised after December 31, 1862 133
in 1861 and 1862 , 133
Cawee, George R., adjutant 109
Cedar Mountain, Va., battle of 106
Chapin, Edward P., brigadier general 162
killed in action at Port Hudson, La 166
Chaplains 38
Chartres, due de, mentioned 69
Chickahominy, Va., losses on 90
Chrysler, Morgan H., brigadier general 162
Church, Walter S., colonel iiS
Clarke, Henry F 28
Cochrane, John, brigadier general 162, 163
Cogswell, Mason F., Dr., examining surgeon 133
Cogswell, Milton, colonel 63
Cold Harbor, Va '. i3<2
Cooper, Samuel, adjutant general, C. S. A 17
Copperheads 26, 33, 115, 116-117
Corcoran, Michael, colonel, captured at Bull Run, Va 134
brigadier general 162
date of death 166
Cornell, Ezra, member of assembly 77
Cornwallis, Lord, mentioned 88
Coster, Charles R., colonel 102
174 Index.
PAGE
Cowles, David S., colonel 99
killed in action at Port Hudson, La 105
Crandell, Levi, lieutenant colonel loi
Cromwell, James, major, killed at Gettysburg 103
Curtin, Andrevir Gregg, mentioned, governor of Pennsylvania 27
Curtis, N. Martin, brigadier general 162, 164
D.
Danforth, George E., brigadier general, mentioned 102
Davenport, Ira, captain 160
Davies, Henry E., judge of the Court of Appeals, mentioned 164
Davies, Henry E., Jr., brigadier general 162, 164
Davies, Thomas A., brigadier general 162, 163
Davis, Jefferson, president of the confederiacy, mentioned... 112
Defenses of New York city and state 70"7S. 167-168
Delafield, Richard, United States Engineers. 23, 72
supervises the contracts for and the construction of field guns for
the state 83
Dennison, William, governor of Ohio. 2^
Denniston, Robert, comptroller, mentioned 6
Dent, Frederick T., general 28
Depew, Chauncey M., member of assembly '3^
D'Epineuil, Lionel J., colonel 47-48, 58
Depots 18, 153-161
De Russy, Gustavus A., brigadier general 162
Deshon, George, mentioned 28
Devin, Thomas C, brigadier general. 162
Dickinson, Daniel S., elected attorney general (yj, 76
Diven, Alexander S., colonel 160
Dix, John Adams, appointed major general 32
appointment repudiated by the national government 33, 36
appointed major general of volunteers by the President 38
Dodge, Charles C, brigadier general 162, 164
Dodge, William E., mentioned 164
Dodge, William E., Jr., mentioned 148, 150, 15.1
Donelson, Fort, Tenn,, mentioned 85, 92
Index. 175
PAGE
Dorsheimer, Philip, state treasurer, mentioned 14, 21
visits New York regiments in the defenses at Washington 42
refuses to surrender his office to his successor 7S~76
Douglas, Stephen A., mentioned 67
Draft, contemplated Li8-ia6
Drewrys Bluff, Va., repulse of fleet at 89
Duffie, Alfred N., brigadier general 162
Dupont, Samuel Francis, commodore in command of Hilton Head,
S. C, expedition 49, 68
Duryea, Abraham, brigadier general 162
D'Utassy, Frederick George, colonel f 47"
Dwight, William, Jr., brigadier general 162
E.
Egan, Thomas W., brigadier general 162
Election :
of 1861 66-67
of 1862 127
Ellis, A. Van Horn, colonel 99
killed at Gettysburg, Pa 103
Ellsworth, Elmer E., colonel, mentioned 7
in command of Fire Zouaves 29
his death at Alexandria, Va .3S""36
the " Ellsworth Avengers " , 58
Emancipation proclamation 114
Engineers :
regiments of 60
in 1862 .' 84
in 1861 and 1862 133
Enlistment, term of 15. 27, 30
Ensign, use of term IS, 37
, Epineuil, Lionel J. d', colonel 47, 48, S8
F.
Fair Oaks, Va., battle at 89
Farragut, David Glasgow, Union naval officer, expedition to Ship Island 92
Ferrero, Edward, brigadier general 162
176 Index.
PAGE
" Fire Zouaves " 29, 35
Floyd, John B., dismantles northern arsenals while secretary of war. ... 21
Fort Clark, N. C 62
Fort Donelson, Tenn 85, 92
Fort Hatteras, N. C 62
Fort Henry, Tenn -. 85, 92
Fort Jackson, La 92
Fort St. Philip, La 92
Franchot, Richard, colonel 105
Franklin, William B., major general, sketch of life 28-29
Fredericksburg, Va., battle of 132
Free states, unprepared condition 9
Fremont, John Charles, Union general • 89
Fry, James B., United States provost marshal general 141
G.
Garrard, Kenner, brigadier general. . . . .' 162
General orders:
State —
No. 13, providing for the details of organization for the seven-
teen regiments under President Lincoln's proclamation. 11, 12, IS
No. 41, organizing the first division of New York state volun-
teers 313, 33
No. 6s, providing for inspection of the camps 98
No. 78, for a regimental organization of ten companies each to
conform with United States General Orders No. 15 for the
regular army 4S, 46, S3, S6
United States —
No. IS, for a regimental organization of ten companies 45, 46
United States, No. 31, relative to the organization of volunteers . 92
United States, No. 47, relative to the examination of persons
aspiring for commissions 56
United States, No. 51, disbarring a person from being mustered
in as an officer who has once resigned 56
United States, No. 52, prescribing the details of enlistment 94
Index. 177
General orders — (Continued).
United States — (Continued). page
United States, No. 38, to establish camps of rendezvous and in-
struction for volunteers near New York and Elmira under
regular army officers 49
United States, Nos. 60 and 61, to crush the abuse of absenteeism. 90
United States, No. 92, creating the military department of New
York under the command of Governor Morgan, who was
commissioned major general of volunteers by President Lin-
coln 1 64
United States, No. pp, for the draft of 300,000 nine months
militiamen to be conducted under orders of the governors of
the several states... 102, 121, 1122
United States, No. pp, McClellan's congratulatory order 67, 68
• United States, No. 105, that no more regiments, batteries or in-
dependent companies were to be raised by the states except
upon special requisition 84, iii
United States, No. 113, relative to the organization of volun-
teers 92
Gibbs, Alfred, brigadier general 162
Gilsa, Leopold von, colonel 47
Goldsborough, Louis M., commodore in command of the naval expedi-
tion to Forts Hatteras and Clark, N. C 62
expedition to Roanoke Island 92
Governor's staff n, I4, SS
Governors, convention of ii7
Graham, Charles K., brigadier general 162, 164
Grant, Ulysses Simpson 28, 29
wins battle of Belmont, Mo 67
his reply to General Buckner's proposal to surrender Fort Donelson. 85
losses in the Wilderness 132
Gray, John, mentioned • - 20
Gray, Thomas S., member of assembly 77
Greble^ John T., lieutenant United States Army, killed at Big Bethel,
Va 36
sketch of his life 36^37
Greeley,, Horace, mentioned S
178 Index.
PAGE
" Greenbacks " 108
Greene, George S., brigadier general 162
oldest surviving West Point graduate 165
Griswold, John A., colonel • loi
H.
Halleck, Henry Wager, major general, orders heavy artillery regiments
to the front ' 132
Hamilton, Charles S., general 28
Hamblin, Joseph E., brigadier general 162
Hardie, James A., general 28
Harrisons I^anding, Va., retreat to 93
Haswell, William E., mentioned 24
Head, Edmund Walker, governor general of Canada 22
Headquarters ; 153
Health, of soldiers 136
Hillhouse, Thomas, adjutant general 50, 61, 102
recommends a militia system similar to that of Germany 119
characteristics 145
Hilton Head, S. C, capture of forts at '. 49
Hodges, Henry C, colonel, assigned to equip volunteer organizations,
sketch of his life SS
quartermaster on General Governor Morgan's staff 96
Horton, Thomas R., adjutant 109
Howard, William A., colonel of " Marine Artillery " 57, 58
Howe, Frank, colonel, military representative from Massachusetts 155
Hulburd, Calvin T., member of congress 77
Hunt, Lewis C, brigadier general 162
Hunt, Wilson G., mentioned 20
Hunter, David, Union general, mentioned 149
► I-
Iniantry:
in j86i 10
first levy 1 1
regiments remanded tp state authority 47
Index. 179
Infantry— (Continued). page
in 1863 : 84
call for 300,000 additional volunteers 93
regiments in October, j86s 117, 126
regiments in December, 1862 127
turned over to General Banks 131
regiments converted into heavy artillery regiments 131, 132
in 1861 and J862 133
regiments raised after December 31, 1862 133
Ingalls, Rufus, general 28
Inspection of camps '. .gg, 106
Inspector general, appointment of assistant 81
J.
Jackson,.Claiborne F., governor of Missouri 48
Jackson, James T., shoots and kills Colonel Ellsworth at the Marshall
House, Alexandria, Va 35-36
Jackson, Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall), confederate general, mentioned. 8g
defeats Banks at Cedar Mountain, Va .' 106
Jackson, William A., inspector general , 14
appointed colonel Eighteenth New York Volunteer Infantry 26
Johnson, Andrew; mentioned 67, 139
Jones, David R. Floyd, secretary of state 14
nominated for lieutenant governor 127
elected 128
Jones, Patrick Henry, brigadier general 162, 165
K.
Kearny, " Phil," general, killed at Chantilly, Va no
Ketcham, John Henry, brigadier general 162, 166
Kilpatrick, Judson, general of volunteers 60
brigadier general 162, 164
King, John A., governor, mentioned 146
Kitching, J. Howard, lieutenant colonel and colonel, dies of wounds
received in action (at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864) 104
Knowlton, Thomas, lieutenant colonel, mentioned 48
i8o Index.
PAGE
Kozlay, Eugene A., colonel 47
Kryzanowski, Wladimir, colonel 47
brigadier general / 162
L.
Ladue, Albert, sheriff id6
Laws of the state:
equipment of volunteer militia 11, 14
pay of volunteers, bounties 54
army ration 54
new militia law 80, iig
Ledlie, James H., brigadier general 162
Lee, Robert Edward, confederate general, mentioned. .. .64, 85 112, 130, 131
Legislature:
of jS6j II
of 1862 76
exceptional character .76-77
Lewis, William B., state treasurer, succeeds Philip Dorsheimer 75, 76
Lexington, Mo., surrender of 48, 62
Lincoln, Abraham, President, calls into service 7S,ooo militia 11
makes an immediate call for volunteers after Bull Run 45
orders a draft of 300,000 militia 102
issues emancipation proclamation 1114
mentioned. V 14, iH', 122, 129, 130, 139, 148
Linsly, John H., military secretary IS
appointed aide-de-camp 64
Lynch, James, captain, elected sheriff of New York 44
Lyon, Nathaniel, his death at the battle of Wilsons Creek, Mo., sketch
of his life 48, 6a
M.
McClellan, George Brinton, major general in command of Ohio troops. 27
alleged discussion of his friends 28
successes in Virginia 42
in command of the Army of the Potomac 62
his characteristics 65, 66, 130
Index. i8i
PAGE.
McClellan, George Brinton, issues a congratulatory order 67
drilling his troops 84
relieved from command 86
reappointed to the command of the Army of the Potomac 112
mentioned 68, 85, 88, 106, 129, 131, 133
McCulloch, Ben., confederate general, mentioned 48
McDougall, Archibald L., colonel, dies of wounds received in action near
Dallas, Ga , loi
mentioned 107
McDowell, Irvin, major general of volunteers at Bull Run 39
concentrates troops about Washington, D. C « 42
disciplining his troops and his defeat at Bull Run 43
an unjust charge exploded 65
mentioned .' 89
Magruder, John Bankhead, commands confederate forces at Big Bethel.. 36
Major generals :
appointed by governor 31
appointment 32, 3S> 38
Malvern Hill, Va., battle at - 89
Marcy, Randolph^ B., general of volunteers, mentioned 68
" Marine Artillery " 57
Mason, James M., confederate agent to England I7. 69, 74
Mass meeting in Union Square, New York city ; 12
Meade, George Gordon, major general, United States Army, mentioned. . 17
Merrimac, fears of attack from I33
Merrimac and Monitor, battle of 87
Miles, Nelson A., brigadier general 162, 164
Military Department of New York, created 64
Military establishment, clashing with Si
Military supplies ^°' 3°
Militia :
first levy ■ • -9-40
number in free states in 1861 9
number in New York in 1861 9
inefficient in 1861'. 9
i82 Index.
FAOE.
Militia — ( Continued) .
authority to enroll, muster and discharge troops 14, 41-45, 95
organization 15, 23
election of officers 15, 34
term of enlistment IS, 27, 30
transportation 23
complement of 30,000 troops organized 26
instructed in drill and tactics 27, 50
jurisdiction of general and state governments z8, 33, 47
appointment of officers 31, 46
resignations of officers 31, 56
officers inefficient 32
enlistment of first regiments 35
second levy 41-86
volunteer regiments, after Bull Run disaster 45
organization of additional regiments 45
payment of expenses 50, 52, 81, 107-109, 134
regiments of foreigners 47, 53, 57
pay of officers 53
pay of privates S3
allotment of privates' pay 53, 136, 147, 151
stimulating enlistment 54
discharges of enlisted men for disability 56
discharge of minors 56
character of second levy 56, 57
number on April i, iS62 61
law of April 25, 1862 80, 119
expenditures controlled by the United States 81
number on March 31, i86z 84
third levy 87, 146
orders for enrollment of all persons liable to militia duty 91
call for 300,000 volunteers , 93, 102
new plan of recruitment 93
rapidity of enlistments 98, 102
in service October, 1862 I18
contemplated draft 118-126
Index. 183
Militia— (Continued). page
slackness of recruiting in the great cities 137
character of regiments 138-139
total number of men sent to the field 140
protest against injustice to true veteran soldiers 142
consolidating incomplete companies and regiments 143
Morgan, Edwin D., governor of New York, history of second adminis-
tration urged 3
his death 3
characteristics 24-25, 144
urges organization of 30,000 troops 26
issues proclamation for 25,000 volunteers 45 .
requests that the West Point cadets be assigned as military instruc-
tors to volunteer regiments 50
issues a vigorous proclamation 55
appointed major general of volunteers by the President: 64
his daily military council 90
nineteen governors of loyal states call upon the President for addi-
tional reinforcements 93
his proclamation of July 2, 1662 94
his bounty proclamation 98
declines to attend convocation of governors at Altoona 117
issues a new proclamation abolishing bounties for recruits for regi-
ments in the field 118
turns his trust over to Horatio Seymour, declines pay for services as
major general 132
total number of men sent to the front under his- administration 140
mentioned.. 6, 7, m, 13, 14, 15, 17, 22, 27, 47, 55, 95, 97, 102, 103, 106, 107
140, 144, 145
Morgan, Edwin D., Jr., aide-de-camp 15, 17
Morris, George P., mentioned ' 164
Morris, Lewis O., colonel Seventh New York Heavy Artillery, killed
before Cold Harbor, Va 100, 132
Morris, William H., colonel, sketch of his life 104
brigadier general 162
Morton, Oliver P., governor of Indiana. 27
184 Index.
PAGE
Mulligan, Richard, colonel, mentioned 48, 62
Murfreesboro, Tenn., battle of 1312
Myer, Aaron B., major, dies of wounds received in the Wilderness, Va. lOl
Myers, Charles G., attorney general, mentioned 14, 21
visits New York regiments in the defenses of Washington, D. C. . . . 4a
N.
National Guard 80, 91, 119
National Guard law 80, 119
Nelson, William, general, wins light at Pikeville, Ky 67
New Orleans, La., capture of 92
New York city, regiments from 12
defenses of 7°, 7S. 167-168
riot in 116
Newspapers, during Civil War 113-114
Norfolk, Va., evacuation by rebels 89
Norton, Franklin, lieutenant colonel, killed in action at Chancellorsville,
Va loi
O.
Officers:
appointment of 15, 31, 34 46
resignations of 31, S6
inefficiency 32
state examinations 56
Opdyke, George, mentioned 20
P.
Palmerston, Lord, the British premier 22
Pamlico Sound, N. C, occupation on 92
Paris, Compte de, mentioned 69
•Parmenter, F. W., accused as a traitor 22, 23
Parrott field pieces 23, 83
Patrick, Marsena, general, mentioned 6, 7, 24, no
characteristics 25
appointed inspector general of state troops 26
Index. 185
PAGE
Patrick, Marsena, audits accounts 41
applies for duty in the field 68
disagreement with Governor Morgan TJ
becomes provost marshal general of the armies of the Potomac and
the James .' 78
Paulding, Edmund E., major, and paymaster 109
Paymasters 38
Peck, John J., Union general 28, 104
Peissner, Elias, professor and colonel, killed in action at Chancellors-
ville, Va loi
Peninsula campaign 88
Phelps, Royal, member of assembly : , . . "jy
Phillips Island, capture of forts at 49
Pickett, George E., confederate general, mentioned ■^
Pikeville, Ky., success of General Nelson at 67
Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., battle of 92
Pope, John, major general, in command of the Army of the Potomac. . 106
h^s defeat at Second Bull Run I'lo
relinquishes command no, 112
mentioned 133, 146
Port Royal, S. C:
base of operations at 49
reduction of forts at 67
Porter, Peter A., piember of assembly . . ^^
colonel of the Eighth New York Artillery; killed at Cold Harbor,
Va 132
Porter, Peter B., secretary of war, mentioned ^^
Post, A., mentioned 99
Potomac, passage of, by Lee 131
Potter, Alonzo, bishop of Pennsylvania, mentioned 164
Potter, Henry C, bishop of New York, mentioned 164
Potter, Joseph H., general 28
Potter, Robert B., brigadier general 162, 164
Pratt, Calvin E., brigadier general , 162, 164
Premium, on certain number of recruits presented and passed 54
I 86 Index.
PAGE
Price, Edward Livingston, colonel I39
Price, Sterling, confederate general 48, 62
Pringle, Benjamin, member of assembly ' . . . • 17
Proclamation, of Governor Morgan, making call for seventeen regi-
ments II
calling for volunteers 45
for stimulating enlistments 55
on need of reinforcing the armies 94
on desirability of a uniform bounty 98
on state bounties no
Proclamation, of President Lincoln, calling into service 7S,ooo militia. .. 11
for volunteers, after Bull Run disaster 45
calling for 300,000 additional volunteers 93, in
declaring the emancipation of all slaves 114
Pruyn, Charles E., adjutant and major, killed in action before Petersburg
Va. (June 15, 1864) 106
Q.
Quartermaster general, headquarters 18
Quartermaster's department, demeanor of officers 51
Quinby, Isaac F., mentioned 28
brigadier general 162
R.
Rathbone, John F., brigadier general in charge of military depot at
Albany 18, 49, 154
Raymond, Henry J., editor of the New York Times "jy
Raynolds, William F., mentioned 28
Read, John Meredith, adjutant general 14
characteristics 16
issues General Order 41 32
resigns 50
Reynolds, Joseph J., general 28
Rice, James C, brigadier general 162
killed in action at the Wilderness 166
Index. 187
PAGE
Richards, Samuel R., colonel 100, 106
Richmond, Van Rensselaer, state engineer, mentioned 14
Riflemen, first levy. , 11
Ripley, Roswell S., mentioned 28
Robinson, Lucius, comptroller 67, 76, 97
"Rocket battalion " 58
Rodgers, John, United States Navy, at the battle of Drewrys Bluff, Va. 89
Roosevelt, Theodore, President of the United States, mentioned 148
Roosevelt, Theodore, appointed by President Lincoln chairman of the
commission for the protection of soldiers' families 148, 150,, 151
Rosa, Rudolph, colonel 47
Rosecrans, William Starke, major general of volunteers 55
Rumsey, William, captain 160
Russell, David A., brigadier general, killed in action at the Opequon 166
S.
Salm-Salm, Prince Felix 57
Sammons, Simeon, colonel lOS
Sandford, Charles W., major general of militia 55
Schriver, Edmund, general United States Army, sketch of life 16, 17
resigns from governor's staff 55
Schurz, Carl, major general of volunteers 57
Schuyler, Jacob R., commissioned to purchase arms in Europe 22, 82, 83
Scott, Winfield, lieutenant general, mentioned 63
retired 64
president of the " Protective War Claim Association " 151
Segoine, Jesse, colonel Si> 52
Seward, William Henry, secretary of state 26, 42, 52, 75, 123, 139, 162
Seward, William H., Jr., brigadier general 162, 164
Seymour, Horatio, nominated for governor 127
elected 128
Governor Morgan surrenders his trust to him - 132
Shaler, Alexander, brigadier general 162
Sharpe, George H., colbnel 99. 104
i88 Index.
Sharpshooters: page
in 1861 and l86s 133
in December, 1862 127
Shepard, Elliott F., aide-de-camp ig
assistant inspector general ; 99
colonel and in command of the Elmira depot 160
Sheridan, Philip Henry, general, United States Array, mentioned 60
Sherman, Thomas W., general in command of expedition to Hilton
Head, S. C 49, 68
Shields, James, brigadier general, mentioned. 49
Shiloh, Tenn., battle of 92
Ship Island, Miss 92
Sickles, Daniel Edgar, colonel and brigadier general 46
contemptuous of state authority 47
promoted brigadier general 162
Sigel, Franz, general of volunteers 57
SitgTeaves, Lorenzo, colonel, sketch of life 17
Slavery, institution of 116
Slidell, John, confederate agent to England 17, 69, 74
Slocum, Henry Warner, brigadier general 162
commands the right wing of the Army of the Potomac and the left
wing of Sherman's in the rnarch to the sea 163
Smith, Charles Emory, assistant adjutant general 154
South Mountain, Md., battle of 112
Spottsylvania Court-House, Va 132
Sprague, John T., major, appointed general superintendent of recruiting
service iii
adjutant general 140
Springsteed, Edward A., major, killed at Reams Station, Va.' 100
Stahel, Julius, lieutenant colonel and brigadier general 57, 162
Stanton, Edwin M., secretary of war, approves project for special volun-
^ teer medical corps in the field 91
mentioned. 122, 130, 139
Starin, John H., contractor, for feeding state troops. . . . ; 105
Steele, Frederick, general 28
Steinwehr, Adolph von, brigadier general 162
Stetson, Lemuel, member of assembly 77
Index. 189
PAGE
Stevens, Isaac I., brigadier general 162
killed in action at Chantilly, Va 166
Stevens, John, his proposed iron clad batteries 79
Stevens, Robert L., his floating iron clad battery ; 79, 80
Stone, Charles P., brigadier general of volunteers, sketch of his life 63
Storehouses . . . . , iS3
Sumner, Edwin V., major general, died Syracuse, , N. Y 166
Supervisor of disbursements 25
Supplies:
expenditures for 61
contracts for 61
settlement of accounts for 144
Surgeons, volunteer ; . . . 91
Surgeon's mate, use of term iS. 37
T.
Tammany regiment 63
Taylor, Nelson, brigadier general. 162
Taylor, William B., state engineer proposes to convert canals of the
state into ship canals 78, 79
Thomson, William H., Dr., examining surgeon 13S
Tibbits, William B., brigadier general 162
Todleben, Francois Edward, mentioned 130
Tompkins, Daniel D., assistant quartermaster 'general Si, 52
Totten, Joseph G., brigadier general of engineers 72
Townsend, Frederick, colonel, his command, the Seventh New York,
fired into by the Third New York at Big Bethel, Va 36
Tracy, Benjamin jF., member of assembly 11
in command of confederate prisoners at Elmira IS9
Tremain, Lyman, nominated for lieutenant governor 127
his defeat '^^
"Trent aflfair" 69, 74
Trobriand, P. Regis de, colonel 47
brigadier general 59. 162
Tuthill, Selah O., adjutant i«4
Twiggs, David E., general, mentioned 9. 5°, 9^
igo Index.
U.
Uniforms: page
proposals to furnish 19
difficulty in procuring 20
poor materials 20
certificates of inspection 20
predilection for gaudy and unusual styles 30
responsibility for inferior quality 41
Zouave uniform S8
lost or destroyed, reimbursement for 81
requisitions for 96
audit of claims for 144
Union defense committee:
organization 12
expenses , 12
UUman, Daniel, brigadier general 162, 164
Upton, Emory, lieutenant and colonel 105
brigadier general 162, 165
Utassy, Frederick George, d', colonel 47
V.
Van Alen, James H., brigadier general 162
Van Benthuysen, Charles, mentioned no
Van Buren, John, believes the President should declare an armistice.... 129
Van Buren, Thomas B., paymaster general 15, 38
Vanderpoel, Isaac, colonel, military storekeeper 159
Vander Poel, Samuel Oakley, surgeon general 14
high administrative qualities displayed 37, 62
organizes special medical corps 91, 135, 146
mentioned 153
Van Valkenburgh, Robert B., brigadier general in charge of military
depot at Elmira 18, 49, 159
colonel of volunteers 160
Van Vechten, Cuyler, quartermaster general 14
inspector general ■. .. .96, 99, 143, 146
Van Wyck, Charles H., brigadier general 162, 164
Vinton, David H., lieutenant colonel and deputy quartermaster general. 96
Index. 191
PAGE.
Vinton, Francis L., brigadier general 162, 164
Vdlunteers :
considered a part of the militia 31, 34
first division organized 32
See also Militia.
Von Gilsa, Leopold, colonel 47
W.
Wadsworth, James Samuel, appointment as major general by Governor
Morgan repudiated by national authorities 35
appointed brigadier general by the President « 38
sketch of his life 38-39
nominated for governor 127
his defeat and the causes for it 128
his death in the Wilderness 166
Walker, Charles C. B., captain 18
colonel and military storekeeper 159
Wallace, George W., appointed commissary of subsistence on General
(Governor) Morgan's staff, sketch of his life 96
"War committee 94
War department, controversy with 27
Ward, J. H. Hobart, brigadier general 162, 164
Warren, Gouverneur Kemble, brigadier general 162, 164
Washington :
prevention of capture at outset of rebellion 13
concentration of troops about 42
Weber, Max, brigadier general 162
Webster, Daniel, mentioned 39
Weed, Thurlow, his hostility to recruits from the old Democratic party. . 128
Welch, Benjamin, Jr., chief of ordnance 143, 146
West Point, Va., success at 89
Westbrook, Simon S., captain 104
Wey, William C, Dr., examining surgeon 13S
Wheaton, Frank, major general, United States Army, sketch of life 17-18
Whitney, Thomas R., member of Congress, mentioned S
192 Index.
PAGE.
Wilkes, John, captain, United States Navy, captures British steamer
Trent 17. 69, 75
Willard, George L., colonel, killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa loi
Wilsons Creek, Mo., battle at 48, 62
Winthrop, Theodore, major, killed at Big Bethel, Va 36
sketch of his life 36
Wood, Fernando, his reference to Governor Seymour's election 128-129
Y.
Yates, Charles, brigadier general in charge of the military depot at New
York 18, 49, 1 54
Yates, Richard, governor of Illinois 27
Z.
Zook, Samuel K., brigadier general 162
killed at Gettysburg 166
Zouaves, proposed regiment of 58-
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