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THE ART OF MUSIC 



The Art of Music 

A Comprehensive Library of Information 
for Music Lovers and Musicians 



Editor-in-Chief 
DANIEL GREGORY MASON 

Columbia University 

Associate Editors 
EDWARD B. HILL LELAND HALL 

Harvard University Fast Professor, Univ. of Wiaconsin 

Managing Editor 
CESAR SAERCHINGER 

Modem Music Society of New York 



In Fourteen Volumes 

Profusely Illustrated 




NEW YORK 
THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF MUSIC 



THE ART OF MUSIC: VOLUME ELEVEN 



A Dictionary-Index 
of Musicians 

Department Editors: 

FREDERICK H. MARTENS 

MILDRED W. COCHRAN 

W. DERMOT DARBY 



BOOK I 
A-L 




NEW YORK 
TiHE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF MUSIC 



Copyright, 1917, by 

THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF MUSIC, luo. 

[All Rights Reserved] 



PREFATORY NOTE 

The primary purpose of Volumes XI and XII of The 
Art of Music is to serve as an index to the ten preced- 
ing volumes of the series, as well as to the two volumes 
of musical examples which follow. As in every history 
of music, or any volume dealing with a particular phase 
of the art, so also in the course of this series, it was 
quite impossible to mention all of the thousands of per- 
sons who have had a share in its development. Hence 
the editors were obliged to relegate all treatment of 
such subjects to the present volumes, which, therefore, 
have become not only an index, but a dictionary. 

Included are also the records of the great number 
of theoreticians, scholars, historians, critics, teachers, 
organizers, inventors, manufacturers, publishers and 
musical journalists, who have played so important a 
part in the history of music. A reference work aiming 
at completeness could not omit these, though in a histor- 
ical or analytical work such a bewildering mass of de- 
tail would impair the flow of the narrative, obscure the 
main issues, and overburden the reader's mind with 
dry facts. 

For the sake of completeness the principal facts con- 
'ceming the lives also of those musicians already treated 
in the earlier volumes are here recapitulated, and a 
list of their works (or a summary, in the case of the 
less important ones) is appended in each case, so that 
for ordinary information the reader is not required 
to turn to any other volumes of the work. If he desires 
more detailed information, criticism, or a treatment of 
any particular phase of the subject's work, he may 

vii 



PREFATORY NOTE 

turn to the references given, according to his needs. 
These references are in every case preceded by the 
abbreviation Ref. in italics, so that they may be easily 
located at the end of each article. With the most im- 
portant subjects, the minor or incidental references 
have been largely eliminated for the sake of clarity, 
but in every case of this kind the reader is specifically 
referred to the individual indexes, which may be found 
at the end of every volume (excepting I and II, which 
form a unit with Vol. Ill, and Vol. XIII, which forms 
a unit with Vol. XIV). 

No dictionary of musicians can be complete in the 
full sense of the word. Nevertheless, the editors feel 
that, in the present instance, the ground has been cov- 
ered as comprehensively as possible, without rendering 
the work cumbersome. There are included very nearly 
10,000 names covering all periods, probably a greater 
number than in any similar work thus far published 
in English. In the individual biographies, the editors 
have aimed at conciseness, without, however, omitting 
any essential details. 

The facts have, in every instance, been revised ac- 
cording to the latest authorities available at this time. 
The exigencies created by the World War have, in a 
great measure, excluded direct communication with 
living subjects residing in Europe, as well as independ- 
ent research on the ground. Existing works of ref- 
erence had therefore to be relied upon for most of 
the facts and dates. In this connection, the editors 
must acknowledge their indebtedness especially to the 
eighth (German) edition of that most scholarly of mu- 
sical encyclopedias, Riemann's Musiklexikon. That 
edition, having had the benefit of the great work of 
research in musical history carried on from various 
European centres during the last decade, — to a great 
extent under the direct supervision of Dr. Riemann, — 

viii 



PREFATORY NOTE 

has furnished the present editors with facts not only 
concerning contemporary musicians, but also concern- 
ing hitherto doubtful periods of musical history and 
subjects, which by virtue of recent discoveries have 
assumed new significance. 

Beyond this the editors are indebted to various other 
standard works such as Grove's 'Dictionary of Music 
and Musicians,' Fetis' Biographie Universelle, Eitner's 
Musikalisches Quellenlexikon, Norlind's Almant Mu- 
sik-Lexikon (Stockholm), Baker's 'Biographical Dic- 
tionary of Musicians' (New York), Wyndham and 
L'Epine's 'Who's Who in Music' (London), etc., besides 
a large number of special works dealing with separate 
phases of the subject. 

As regards contemporary musicians, a great many 
facts have, of course, been adduced from the exclusive 
material gathered in the course of three years by the 
editors of The Art of Music. This is especially true 
with regard to American subjects, though here also 
publications like 'Who's Who in America,' Hughes' 
'Music Lovers' Cyclopedia,' and the advance sheets of 
the American 'Who's Who in Music' (edited by Cesar 
Saerchinger), have been freely consulted. 

As the work is designed for music lovers no less than 
musicians and students, simple language has been em- 
ployed in the explanations of technical matters. Ab- 
breviations have been most sparingly used, and in most 
cases they are self-explanatory. A list of these will be 
found on page xiii. 

The reader is cautioned to consult the Addenda for 
any subject not found in its proper alphabetical place. 
Also, owing to the confusion which exists as to the spell- 
ing of old names, the reader must be warned to use 
particular care in looking for them, though most of 
such cases are taken care of, it is thought, by adequate 
cross-references. Russian names, also, because of the 

ix 



PREFATORY NOTE 

different transliterations of the Slavic alphabet, have 
become confused in the English reader's mind. In the 
present work they have been spelled, as far as is rea- 
sonable, phonetically (in the English sense). For in- 
stance, the Russian s/i-sound has been reproduced by 
*sh.' But exceptions have been made with such fa- 
miliar names as Tschaikowsky, which, having been 
introduced to the western world by way of Germany, 
have been generally accepted in the German form. 
Uniformity in these matters is hardly possible without 
a radical and wide-spread reform, though such a re- 
form is highly desirable. 

The Editors. 
March, 1917. 



CONTENTS OF VOLUMES XI-XII 

Prefatory Note XI. vii 

List of Abbreviations XI. xiii 

Dictionary-Index A-L XI. 1 

Addenda A-L XI. 305 

Dictionary-Index M-Z XII. 1 

Addenda M-Z XII. 307 



XI 



LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN 
VOLUMES XI AND XII 



a, in (i.e. a 4, In 4 parts, for 4 
voices). 

ace, accomp., accompaniment, 

b., born. 

B.C., Basso Gontinuo. 

ca. (Lat., circa), about. 

cent., century. 

cf. (Lat., confer), compare. 

char., chorus. 

clar., clarinet. 

comp., composed, composition. 

Cons., Conservatory. 

cent., continuo. 

contemp., contemporary. 

Denlonaier, d.T. (Ger., DenkmdleT 
der Tonkunst), 'Monuments of 
Musical Art' (a series of pub- 
lications in Germany and Aus- 
tria, containing complete schol- 
arly editions of the works of 
the great composers, also more 
or less obscure works of his- 
torical importance) . 

dir., director. 

do., ditto. 

Dr. Jnp. (Lat., Doctor juris). Doctor 
of Law. 

Dr. pUI. (Lat., Doctor philos- 
ophiae). Doctor of Philosophy. 

eg. (Lat., exempli gratia), for ex- 
ample. 

ed., edited, edition. 

Xing., England, English. 

eatab., established. 

et seq. (Lat., et seqnentis, seqaeit- 
tia), and the following. 

f., and following page (i.e., 369f). 

ff., and following pages. 

fi., flute. 

Pr., French. 

Ger„ German. 

govt., government. 

barm., harmony. 

b.c. (Lat., honoris cattsa), indicating 
an honorary degree. 



ib.. Ibid. (Lat., ibidum), in the 
same place. 

I.e. (Lat., id est), that is. 

Imp., Imper., Imperial. 

incid., incidental [music]. 

Inel., including. 

Inst., Institute, Institution. 

Instr.. instrimiental, instruments. 

Introd., introduced. 

maj., major. 

Het., Metropolitan [Opera House]. 

min., minor. 

MS., MSS., manuscript, manu- 
scripts. 

mns., musical. 

ains. B., Bachelor of Music, 

Mas. D., Doctor of Music. 

mas. ex., musical example. 

op., opus (pi. opera). 

oTcb., orchestral. 

Oxon. (Lat. Oxoniae), of Oxford. 

perf., performed. 

port., portrait. 

prod., produced. 

Prof., Professor. 

pseud., pseudonym. 

pub,, pulilished. 

q.v. (Lat., quod vide), which see. 

Ref., Reference (indicating volume 
and page of The Art of Music, 
where additional information is 
to be found). 

Soc, Society. 

stud., studied. 

sympb., symphonic. 

transl., translated, translation. 

U. S., United States. 

Univ., University. 

V. (Lat., vide), see. 

V. [e.g., 4 v.] (Lat., voces, vocam; 
Ital., voct), voices. 

via., viola. 

vln., • violin. 

vol.. vols,, volume, volumes, 

\r., with. 



N. B. — Reference figures in Italics indicate major references. Italics 
have been employed only to give emphasis to one or more out of a num- 
ber of figures, and not when the important reference occurs first. 



A DICTIONARY-INDEX 
or MUSICIANS 

BOOK I 



DICTIONARY-INDEX OF MUSICIANS 



Aaron 

AAROJT. See Aeon. 

ABAGO (1) [Evaristo] Felice dall' 

(1675-1742) : b. Verona, d. Munich; 
'cellist at the Munich court, 1704; dur- 
ing its exile in Brussels became nom- 
inally, and after the return to Munich 
definitely, master of chamber music 
and councillor to Prince Max Emanuel. 
His compositions, 'representing the 
lofty style of Italian chamber music at 
its purest' (Riemann), include 14 violin 
sonatas -with bass, 6 each of chamber 
and church sonatas o 3, 10 4-part 
church concertos, 6 7-part concertos 
(4 vlns., via., bassoon or 'cello) and 
violin concertos. (2) Joseph Clemens 
Ferdinand (1709-1805) : b. Brussels, d. 
Verona; 'cellist in the court band at 
Bonn, director of chamber music and 
councillor there, 1738; wrote 29 'cello 
sonatas, a dramatic cantata (MSS.), 

ABBA-CORNAGIilA, Pietro (1«51- 
1894) : b. Alessandria, Piedmont, d. 
there; composer of chamber and church 
music, also of three successful operas. 

ABBADIA (1) Xatale (1792-ca. 
1876) : b. Genoa, d. Milan; composed op- 
eras and church music. (2) liulgla (b. 
Genoa, 1821) : a daughter of (1), oper- 
atic mezzo-soprano; created Donizetti's 
Maria Padilla; in 1870 founded a vocal 
school in Milan. 

ABBATIJfl, Antonio Maria (1595(7)- 
1677): Tlfemo, Citta dl Castello, d. 
there; maestro di cappella at the Lat- 
eran, del Gesii, and other Roman 
churches. His works were chiefly re- 
ligious, some published, others in 
manuscript. His comic opera (com- 

Eosed with Marco Marazzoli to the text 
y Rospigliosl) Dal male II bene (1654, 
one of the first on record, prod, in 
Rome), holds an important place in 
the development of opera. He wrote 
two other operas, lone (Vienna, 1666) 
and La comico del cielo (Rome, 1668). 
Ref.: IX. 67. 

ABBK (1) Pblllppe P. de St. 
Sevln (18th cent.) : French 'cellist. (2) 
Pierre de St. Sevln (18th cent.) : 
brother of Philippe, also 'cellist. (3) 
Joseph Bamabe de St. Sevln (1727- 
1787): b. Agcn, France, d. Charenton; 
son of Philippe, violinist and com- 
poser. 

ABBEY (1) John (1785-1859): b. 
Whilton, d. Versailles; organ-builder. 



Abela 

noted for introduction of the pneumatic 
mechanism into France. The business 
is still continued in Versailles by his 
sons, E. and J. (2) Henry B.: Ameri- 
can impresario. Ref.: IV. 136f, 142f. 

ABBOTT, Kmma (1850-1888): b. 
Chicago, d. New York; dramatic so- 
prano; studied with Erani, Sangiovanni 
and Delle Sedie; distinguished in Eu- 
rope and America. Ref.: IV. 160f, 168. 

ABD X:ii KADIR, or Abdolkadlr, 
Ben Isa (14th cent.) : Arabian theorist, 
author of three theses on Arabic melo- 
dies (still extant). 

ABD Fli MITMIN (or Saffiedln) : 
13th-14th cent. Arabic theorist. 

ABE}II/LE:, Johann Christian Iind- 
wig (1761-1838) : b. Bayreuth, d. Stutt- 
gart; court conductor and organist at 
Stuttgart; virtuoso on piano and organ; 
prolific composer for pianoforte, of 
Singspiele and of songs. 

ABEIL. (1) Clamor Heinrich (17th 
cent.) : chamber musician at the Han- 
overian court, composer of instrumental 
works (3 vols.), courantes, sarabandes, 
etc. (2) Christian Ferdinand (18th 
cent.) : player of the viola da gamba at 
Cothen, 1720-1737. (3) Leopold An- 
&nst (1717-1794): b. Cothen, son of 
(2) ; court violinist and composer. He 
studied under Benda and played at 
Brunswick, Sondershausen, Berlin, etc.; 
composed violin etudes. (4) Carl 
Frledrlch (1725-1787) : b. Cothen, d. 
London ; last noted virtuoso on the viola 
da gamba; wrote many symphonies, 
clavier concertos, string quartets, etc. 
He studied with J. S. Bach at the 
Thomasschule, played in the Dresden 
court band for ten years; in 1765 be- 
came chamber musician to Queen Char- 
lotte in London, where he founded, 
with J. C. Bach, the Bach-Abel Concerts. 
Ref.: H. 62; (infl. on Mozart) H. 102; 
VII. 591. (5) Ludwis (1835-1895); b. 
Eckartsberga, Thuringia, d. Neu-Pass- 
ing; violinist; member of the Ge- 
wandhaus and Weimar Court orches- 
tras; conductor of the Munich Court 
orchestra (1867), teacher and Royal 
professor at Royal School of Music. 
Wrote excellent methods, studies, etc. 

ABBLA (1) Don Placido (1814- 
1876): b. Syracuse, d. Monte Cassino; 
prior of abbey there, organist and com- 
poser of church music. (2) Karl Gott- 
lob (1803-1841) : b. Borna, Saxony, d. 



Abell 

Halle; cantor at Francke Stlftung there, 
author of song books for schools, com- 
poser of male choruses. 

A BELL., John (ca.l660-ca.l720) : 
alto singer, lutenist, composer of songs. 
In 1688 he lost his position in the 
Chapel Royal (held since 1679) and 
travelled in Italy, France, Germany, 
Holland and Poland until 1700 when 
he regained his former post. 

ABENDROTH, Irene (1872- ) : b. 
Lemberg; 1889 sang at the Vienna court 
opera, later in Munich, then again for 
four years in Vienna, and during 1899- 
1908 in the Royal Opera at Dresden. 
Her husband, Thomas Thaller, is the 
author of her biography. 

ABENHEIM, Joseph (1804-1891) : b. 
Worms, d. Stuttgart; violinist and mu- 
sical director there; composer of 
entr'actes, overtures, songs, piano 
pieces, etc., only a few of which have 
been printed. 

ABERT (1) [Johann] Joseph (1832- 
1915): b. Bohemia, d. Stuttgart; noted 
virtuoso on double bass; studied at 
Prague Cons., later in Paris and London. 
In 1852 he became a member, and in 1867 
was appointed conductor of the Stutt- 
gart court orchestra, which he led until 
1888. His compositions include con- 
certos and etudes for the double bass, 
symphonies, 5 operas, overtures, string 
quartets, etc. Ref.: III. 212, 257; (Bach 
transcription) VI. 438. (2) Hermann 
(1871- ): b. Stuttgart; son of J. J. 
(1), musicographer and historian; stud- 
ied at Stuttgart Cons, and Berlin Uni- 
versity; author of Die Lehre vom Ethos 
in der griechischen Musik (1899) ; bi- 
ographies of Schumann, Franz, etc.; 
since 1909 professor at Halle Univ. 

ABESSER, Edmund (1836-1889) : b. 
Margolitz, Saxony, d. Vienna; composer 
of salon music, also an opera. Die 
liebliche Fee. 

ABINGTOJT. See Abyngdon. 

ABORN (1) Milton: American oper- 
atic manager. Ref.: IV. 155ff, 173. 
(2) Sarsent: brother of (1) and as- 
sociated with bim as manager, Ref. : 
IV. 155ff, 173. 

ABOS (Avos, d'Avossa) (1) Glro- 
lamo: composer of operas for Venice, 
Vienna, Rome, Turin, Ancona and Lon- 
don (1746-58). (2) Giuseppe: com- 
poser of operas for Naples (1742-64), 
also church music; teacher at Naples 
Cons. 

ABOTT, Bessie Pickens (Mrs. T. 
Walso Story): b. Rlverdale, N. Y.; 
operatic soprano; studied with Mme. 
Frieda Ashforth, New York, and Vic- 
tor Capoul, Paris; d^but as Juliette in 
Romio et Juliette at the Opera, Paris; 
sang in London, Metropolitan Opera, 
New York, 1907, and elsewhere in the 
United States. 

ABRAHAM (1) John. See Bbaham. 
(2) Dr. Max. See Petebs, C. F. (3) 
Otf o (1872- ) : b. Berlin ; musical 
psychologist, associate of Stumpf in 
the Berlin Institute of Psychology, au- 



2 



Aehsharumoff 

thor of studies on tone sensations 
and phonography of the music of Hin- 
dus, Japanese, etc. 

ABRAHAMSON, [Werner Hans] 
Friedrleh (1744-1812) : b. Schleswig, 
d. Copenhagen; published in collabora- 
tion with Rahbek and Nyerup a col- 
lection of Danish songs, Daaske Viser 
fra Middelalderen. 

ABRAM, John (1840- ) : b. Mar- 
gate; English organist, composer of 
oratorios and cantatas. 

ABRAMS, three sisters (1) Harriet, 
soprano, made her d^but Drury Lane, 
1775, composer of popular songs and 
collector of several volumes published 
ca. 1787ff. She sang at the Handel 
Commemoration with her sister (2) 
Theodosia, a contralto. (3) Eliza, 
the youngest, sang with her sisters at 
the Ladies' Catch and Glee Concerts. 

ABRANYI (1) Kornel (1822-1903): 
b. Szent Gyorgy Abrany, d. Budapest; 
composer, critic and librettist. He re- 
ceived his training from Chopin, Kalk- 
brenner, Halevy and Fischhof. In 1860 
joined Mosonyi and R6szavolgyi in es- 
tablishing the Zeniszett Lapok, the 
first Hungarian magazine devoted to 
music. This he continued to edit until 
1876. Other writings include a volume 
on musical aesthetics, a history of mu- 
sic, a book on harmony and a bi- 
ography of Mosonyi. (2) Emll (1882-) : 
b. Budapest, son of the poet Emil A.; 
composer of 3 Hungarian operas; from 
1907 Royal conductor at Hanover, from 
1911 at Budapest. Ref.: HI. 199. 

ABRICI, Vlncenzo (1631-1696): or- 
ganist; chapel-master to the Elector of 
Saxony, Dresden, teacher of Kuhnau; 
composed church music. Ref.: VI. 425. 

ABT (1) Franz (1819-1885) : b. Eilen- 
burg, d. Wiesbaden.; famous popular 
song-writer, pupil of the Thomasschule, 
where he led the Students' Philhar- 
monic and composed successfully; con- 
ductor of theatres in Bernburg, Ziirich, 
and Brunswick, also of singing soci- 
eties; composer of popular songs, quar- 
tets for men's voices, women's voices, 
choruses, cantatas, etc. Extremely 
prolific (more than 500 works, with 
over 3,000 numbers). Ref.: III. 19; 
(quot.) IV. 309f; VI. 177. (2) Alfred 
(1855-1888): b. Brunswick, d. Geneva; 
son of Franz, theatre-conductor In Ru- 
dolstadt, Kiel and Rostock. 

ABYNGDON, Henry (15th cent.) : d. 
Wells, England; Master of the Song 
of the Chapel Royal, London, etc. ; com- 
poser of church music; friend of Sir 
Thomas More. Ref.: VI. 447. 

ACHARD, L.6on (1831- ) : b. 
Lyons; tenor. He studied at the Con- 
servatoire and made his first appear- 
ance at the Theatre Lyrlque; has sung 
since then in Lyons and in Paris at 
the Opera Comique and the Opfira. 

ACHENBACH, Max. See Alvary. 

ACHSHABUMOFF', Demetrius 
Vladlmirovitch (1864- ) : b. Odessa; 
violinist, conductor of symphony con- 



Ackermann 

certs in PuHawa and a branch of the 
Imperial Russian Musical Society. 

ACKERMANN, A. J. (1836- ) : 
b. Rotterdam; teacher of organ and 
theory at the Royal Music School of 
The Hague, composer of songs and in- 
strumental works. 

ACKTfi, AVno (Mme. Ackt^-Renvall) ; 
b. Helsingfors, Finland; contemp. op- 
eratic soprano at Paris Opera, New 
York, London, etc. Ref.: X. 205. 

ACTON, John B. (1863- ) ! b. 
Manchester (?), Eng. ; vocal teacher; pu- 
pil of Francesco Lamperti ; prof, of mu- 
sic. Royal College of Music; comp. can- 
tatas for women's voices, male chorus 
'For Home and Liberty," duets, songs, 
etc. 

ADAI/ID y GURRfiA, Marcel del 
(1826-1881): b. Coruna, d. Longara, 
Galicia; pianist and composer. He 
studied under Moscheles and Chopin, 
published 3 collections of Galician folk- 
songs; comp. piano pieces and an un- 
published opera. ' 

ADAM (1) Jean (18th cent.) : tenor- 
violinist at Dresden court and com- 
poser of ballets, concertos for oboe 
and piano, string quartets and sym- 
phonies. (2) liouts (Johann Ludvrig) 
(1758-1848): b. Muttersholtz, Alsace, d. 
Paris; professor of pianoforte at Paris 
Cons., author of works on principles of 
piano-playing, composer of sonatas, 
etc. (3) Adolphe-Charles (1803-1856) : 
b. Paris, d. there; son of Louis (2); 
prolific and successful comic opera 
composer, (53 operas) ; pupil and fol- 
lower of Boieldieu and Auber. His 
one-act opera Pierre et Cathirine, prod, 
successfully at the Opira-Comlque was 
followed by 13 others and in 1836 by 
Le Postilion de Lonjumeau, a brilliant 
success. In all he prod. 53 stage works. 
Including the operas Le Chdlet, Au 
fldile berger. Postilion de Lonjumeau, 
Le Rot d'Yvetot, La Poupee de Nurem- 
berg, Cagliostro, Richard en Palestine, 
and the ballets Giselle, Le Corsair, 
Faust, etc. He founded the Theatre 
National in 1847 but his enterprise 
failed In the revolution of the follow- 
ing year. He succeeded his father as 
professor at the Conservatoire on the 
latter's death (1848). Ref.: II. 211f; 
IX. 73, 229f. 236; X. 151. 158; portrait, 
DC. 226. 

ADAM de: liA HAIiliB (or HSle) 
(ca. 1240-87) : b. Arras, d. Naples ; poet 
and composer of great historical impor- 
tance. The 'Hunchback of Arras' was 
one of the most' gifted and accom- 
plished of the trouvAres. His chan- 
sons, rondeaux, motets, and especially 
his famous pastoral song-play, Les 
gieulx de Robin et de Marion (1285), 
have been revived during the 19th cen- 
tury. His complete works, in modern 
notation, were edited by Coussemaker 
(Oeuvres completes du trouvire Adam 
de la Halle, etc., 1872). Robin et 
Marion, according to modern scholar- 
ship, is a compilation from folk-song 



Addison 

sources, etc. It is frequently referred 
to as the earliest example of comic 
opera. It has been published in ar- 
rangement with piano accompaniment 
by J. B. Weckerlin. Other song-plays 
credited to A. are the Jeu d'Adam and 
Jeu du pelerin. Ref.: I. 211, 213; V. 
138; VL 25f; IX. 3, ,71; mus. ex., 

ADAM VON FUIiDA (15th cent.): 
probably a Benedictine monk, composer 
and theorist. Some of his compositions 
(hymn and antiphonary melodies in 
contrapuntal settings) are preserved In 
the Berlin and Leipzig libraries. 

ADAMBERGBR, Valentin (1743- 
1804) : b. Munich, d. Vienna ; tenor. He 
made his debut under the name of Ada- 
monti and sang in Italy, London, and 
Vienna, occupying the position of court 
chapel singer at the last-named place. 
He is mostly remembered by the fact 
that Mozart honored him by writing 
the part of Belmonte for him. 

AD AMI DA BOIiSBNA (or da Vol- 
terra), Andrea (1663-1742) : b. Venice, 
d. Rome; papal singer and papal 
maestro di cappella. In 1711 he wrote 
Osservazioni per ben regolare il coro 
del cantort delta Cappella Pontiflcia. 

ADAMONTI. See Adambebger. 

ADAMOWSKI (1) Tlmothe«(1858-): 
b. Warsaw; noted violinist and com- 
poser. He studied with Kontchi and 
Massart at Warsaw and Paris. He 
toured America and later taught In the 
New England Conservatory at Boston, 
where in 1888 he established the 
Adamowski String Quartet; was con- 
ductor of Boston Symphony 'Pops' dur- 
ing 1890-94. Composer of songs, etc. 
(2) Josepli: brother of above; 'cellist. 

ADAMS (1) Thomas (1785-1858) : or- 
ganist In London. He composed organ 
fugues, intermezzos and variations, for 
piano and for organ. He was a pupil 
of Dr. Busby. Ref.: VI. 475. (2) 
Charles R. (ca. 1834-1900) : b. Cha;rles- 
town, Mass., d. West Harwich; operatic 
tenor; studied with Barbieri, sang 
in Vienna, Milan, London, Madrid, Ger- 
many and United States. (3) Stephen. 
See Maybbick, M. Ref. : V. 327. 

ADCOCK, James (1778-1860): b. 
Eton, d. Cambridge; choirmaster and 
composer. He was a choirboy at Wind- 
sor and at Eton, became a lay priest in 
1797 and later choirmaster at King's 
College. He wrote glees, an evening 
service and anthems, also 'The Rudi- 
ments of Singing.' 

ADDISON (1) John (1765-1844) : b. 
London, d. there; double-bassoon play- 
er and dramatic composer. His rather 
erratic career included 'cello playing, 
conducting in Dublin, manufacturing 
in Manchester, selling music in Lon- 
don, and at all times composing, sing- 
ing and giving singing lessons. He prod. 
6 popular operettas, wrote glees, songs 
etc. (2) Robert Brydees (1860- ) : 
b. Dorchester, Oxford; teacher and com- 
poser. He studied under Macfarrea 



Ade 

at the Royal Academy of Music, where 
he later taught harmony and composi- 
tion. He wrote orchestral works, songs 
and church music. 

ADB, George: American humorist 
and dramatist. Re/.: IV. 457. 

ADELBOLDTIS (d. 1027) ; Bishop of 
Utrecht; musical theorist (work extant 
in Gerbert's Scriptores). 

ADELBURQ, August, Ritter Ton 
(1830-1873) : b. Constantinople, d. 
Vienna; violinist. He composed sona- 
tas, etudes, and concertos for the vio- 
lin, also string quartets and three op- 
eras. Pub. criticisms of Liszt's book 
on Gypsy music. 

ADBLUNG. See Adlung. 

ADGATE, Andrew: American musi- 
cal pioneer. Re/.; IV. 73, 87, 235. 

ADLER (1) Georg: b. Ofen, 1806; 
pianist, teacher and composer of cham- 
ber music, variations, songs, etc. (2) 
Vincent (1826-1871) : b. Raab, Hun- 
gary, d. Geneva; composer. He studied 
at Budapest, Vienna, and Paris, and 
at Paris made the acquaintance of 
Wagner, Bulow, Ernst and Lalo. He 
taught for six years at the conserva- 
tory upon his return to Geneva. His 
compositions include studies for the 
piano, and salon music. (3) Guide 
(1855- ): b. Eibenschiitz, Moravia; 
teacher and musicographer. He studied 
at Vienna Cons, with Bruckner and 
DessofF, also at the Univ., became Dr. 
Jur. and Dr. phil.; docent for music 
science at Vienna Univ., 1881, professor 
extraordinary at Prague in 1885 and 
professor at Vienna Univ. in 1898. He 
founded the Vierteljahrsschrift fur 
Musikwissenschaft with Chrysander 
and Spltta in 1884, edits the Denk- 
mdler der Tonkunst in Osterreich, 
wrote studies on the history of har- 
mony, Beethoven's works, Wagner, 
Haydn, mediaeval music, etc., also 
Der Stil in der Masik (vol. i, 1912). . 

ADIiGASSBR (or Adelgasser), An- 
ton Cajetan (1728-1777) : b. Innzell, d. 
Salzburg; organist, composer of church 
music and collaborator with Michael 
Haydn and Mozart in Die Schuldigkeit 
des ersten Gebots (1767). 

ADI/UNG (or Adelungr). Jakob 
(1699-1762): b. Bindersleben, d. Erfurt; 
jbrganist, teacher and writer. He studied 
successively philology, theology and 
music, in 1727 became city organist at 
Erfurt and later professor of the Gym- 
nasium there. He taught the clavi- 
chord; built a number of clavichords 
himself, and wrote three treatises of 
importance, Anleitung zu der masi- 
kalischen Gelahrtheit (1758), Musica 
mechanica organoedi (1768) and Musi- 
kalisches Siebengestirn (1768). 

ADOL,FATI, Andrea (1711-ca.l760) : 
b. Venice, d. Genoa; studied with Ga- 
luppi, church conductor in Venice and 
Genoa, composer of 5 operas and church 
music. 

ADRASTOS (ca. 4th cent. B. C.) : pu- 
pil of Aristotle, musical theorist, wrote 



Affeml 

three books on harmony (Latin transl. 
found 1788 in Sicilian court library). 

ADRIABNSEIV, Emannel, called 
Hadrianus (16th cent.) : b. Antwerp, 
published two works in lute tablature, 
containing transcriptions of canzonets, 
dance-tunes, fantasias, madrigals, mo- 
tets and preludes by di Bore, Lassus, 
van Berchem, etc. (1584, 1592). 

ADRIAN© DI BOLOGNA. See Ban- 

CHIEBl. 

ADRIEN or Andrlen (1) Martin Jo- 
sepli, called L,a Neuvllle, or Adrien 
I'ainS (1767-1822): b. Lifege, d. Paris; 
bass and chorus master at Parii, Opira; 
teacher at the ficole Royale and writer 

of patriotic hymns. (2) J (ca. 

1768-ca.l824) : b. Llfege; brother of 
Martin, chorus master at the Theatre 
Feydeau (Paris) ; published song col- 
lections. (3) Ferdinand (1799-1801): 
chorus master, Paris Op^ra; song com- 
poser. 

^EGIDIUS DE MURINO (15th 
cent.) : writer on musical theory. His 
dissertations on measured music still 
extant in Coussemaker's Scriptores. 

JBGIDIUS ZAMORENSIS, Joannes 
(13th cent.) : Franciscan friar of Zam- 
ora, Spain; musical theorist; wrote Ars 
Musica. 

AEIiSTERS, Georges Jacanes 
(1770-1849) : b. Ghent, d. there; caril- 
lonneur and director at St. Martin's, 
composer of much church music still 
in vogue. 

AERTS (1) figlde (1822-1853): b. 
Boom, near Antwerp, d. Brussels; flut- 
ist, pupil and teacher at the Brussels 
Cons.; wrote symphonies and concertos 
for flute. (2) Felix (1827-1888) : b. St. 
Trond, Belgium, d. Nivelles; violinist 
at Brussels, conductor at Tournai, 
teacher in Paris and Nivelles and com- 
poser of religious and secular pieces. 
He "wrote also on methods and several 
essays on plain-chant. 

^ESCHYIiTTS: Greek dramatist. 
Ref.: I. 120, 329; HL 149; IX. 414; X. 
55 56. 

AFANASSIEFF, Nlcolal Jacovele- 
•vitcli (1821-1898): b. Tobolsk, d. St. 
Petersburg; violinist and composer. His 
compositions include, besides violin 
pieces, a piece for viola d'amour, a 
string quartet, a quintet, an octet, piano 
pieces and songs, several operas, also 
a cantata 'The Feast of Peter the Great' 
(prize-crowned), symphonies and ora- 
torios (still in manuscript). 

AFFERNI (1) Ugo (1871- ): b. 
Florence; pianist and conductor. He 
studied at Florence, Frankfort and 
Leipzig, counting among his teachers 
Schwarz, Urspruch, Bulow, Reinecke, 
Jadassohn, Piutti. After his marriage 
in 1895 he and his wife introduced 
chamber music evenings at Liibeck. 
Later he conducted concerts at Harz- 
burg and Wiesbaden, and has written 
piano pieces and songs and one opera, 
Potemkin an der Donau. (2) May, 
nie Brommer (1872- ) : b. Great 



[l']Affllara 

Grimsby; studied at Leipzig Cons.; vio- 
linist, wife of (1). 

[l']AFFILARD, Michel (17th cent.) : 
tenor in chapel of Louis XIV., 1683- 
1708; author of Principles tris faciles 
for sight singing, first pub. 1691. 

AFRANIO DBGLI ALBONBSI (15th 
cent.) : b. Pavia, canon of Ferrara, re- 
puted inventor of the bassoon. Re/.; 
VIII. 77. 

AFZBLIUS, ArTld August (1785- 
1871): b. Enkoping, Sweden, d. there; 
clergyman and collector of folk-melo- 
dies. 

AGATHON, Pope 678-681; regulated 
the Roman Antlphonary. Ref.: 1. 147. 

AGAZZARI, Asostlno (1578-1640) : 
b. Siena, d. there ; church-conductor and 
composer. While Kapellmeister at the 
German College at Rome, he wrote the 
dramatic pastoral, BumeliOf but upon 
his return to Siena, where he became 
cathedral conductor, he devoted him- 
self to the voluminous production of 
church music, including 4 books of 
sacred canfiones (1602-16), evening 
psalms, a magnificat, a litany, etc.; also 
published 5 books of madrigals for 
3-6 voices. A friend of Viadana, he 
adopted his reforms in religious vocal 
music and in his pamphlet La musica 
ecclesiastica attempted to harmonize 
church music with the Resolutions of 
the Council of Trent. He was one of 
the first to give directions for execut- 
ing the figured bass. Ref.: I. 379; IX. 
22. 

AGBIiAOS OF TEGEA (6th cent. B. 
C.) : first victor in Pythian games, 559 
B. C.; first kithera-virtuoso. 

Id»]AGINCOURT, Francois (1714- 
1758) : b. Rouen, d. Paris ; organist. In 
1714 he became organist at the Royal 
Chapel in Paris. His only production, 
Piices de Clavecin, appeared in 1733. 

AGlVELIil, Salvatore (1817-74) ; b. 
Palermo; operatic composer. He stud- 
ied at Naples under Fumo, Zingarelli 
and Donizetti; began his operatic ca- 
reer as composer at Naples and Paler- 
mo, and in 1846 went to Marseilles. 
There he prod. 3 operas, wrote three 
others, a Miserere, a cantata, a Stabat 
Mater, etc. 

[d'JAGNESI (1) Iiiiigl. See Agniez, 
L.F.L. (2) Maria Theresa (1724- 
1780[?]): b. Milan; pianist; composed 
5 operas, prod. 1771, in Milan, cantatas, 
2 pianoforte concertos and sonatas. 

AGNIEZ, Iionls Ferdinand liCopold, 
called Luigi Agnesi (1838-1875) : b. 
Erpent, d. London; singer and com- 
poser. He studied at the Brussels 
Cons., was conductor at St. Catherine's 
and director of several societies in 
Brussels and after producing a suc- 
cessful opera, Harold le Normand, he 
toured France and Germany as operatic 
and concert bass. 

AGOSTINI (1) LndoTlco (1534- 
1590) : b. Ferrara, d. there ; court-con- 
ductor and composer. He was chaplain 
at the court of Alphonse II. and wrote 



Agricola 

church music and madrigals, published 
partly at Venice, partly at Aiicona. (2) 
Paolo (before 1593-1629) : b. Vallerano, 
d. Rome; composer; son-in-law and 
pupil of B. Nanini; while chapel mas- 
ter at St. Peter's and previously at other 
churches in Rome, he wrote much mu- 
sic still preserved in manuscript. The 
Salmi della Madonna and 5 books of 
masses were published in 1619 and 
1627. (3) Pietro Simone (1650-C?)): 
b. Rome; operatic composer and maes- 
tro di cappella at Parma. His works 
include also an oratorio and motets. 
(4) Mezlo (1875- ) : See Addenda. 
Ref.: III. 394. 

AGRAMONTE, Emilia (1844- ) : 
b. Puerto Principe, Cuba; teacher of 
singing in Barcelona, Cuba and New 
York; studied in Spain and Paris, 
composer of religious music (not 
printed). 

AGRELIi, Johann Joachim (1701- 
1765) : b. Loth, Sweden, d. Nuremberg; 
court violinist and piano-virtuoso at 
Cassel, and after 1746 Kapellmeister at 
Nuremberg. Concertos for harpsichord 
and quartet, sonatas and 'symphonies' 
for the piano were published. 

AGRBNEFF, Demetrius Alexandro- 
vltch (1838-1908) : b. Rustchuk, Bul- 
garia, d. there; singer and director. 
After studying in Italy and Paris, he 
organized a choir and, under the name 
Slavjanski, presented folk-songs through 
Europe and America; 

AGRICOL.A (1) Alexander (Acker- 
mann), frequently called 'Alexander' 
(ca.l446-ca.l506) : important composer 
of the Netherland school. He wrote 
at Milan, Mantua and Bungundy, 
where he was chapel singer. In 1505 
he followed Philip the Fair of Bur- 
gundy to Spain, where he apparently 
died at Valladolid at the age of 60. 
Petrucci printed in his three oldest 
collections (1501-3) 31 songs and mo- 
tets by this composer, and also pub- 
lished a volume of his masses. Be- 
sides these there are other masses, mo- 
tets, chansons and magnificats in MS. 

(2) Martin (1486-1556) : b. Sorau, Sax- 
ony, d. Magdeburg; private music 
teacher, then cantor at the Lutheran 
School at Magdeburg; author of im- 
portant theoretical works, including 
Eyn kurtz deudsche Musica (1528), 
Masica instrumentalis deudsch (in dog- 
gerel, based on Virdung's Musica 
getutscht), Musica flguralis deudsch 
(1533, with an appendix. Von den Pro- 
porcionibus, based on Gafori), Rudi- 
menta musices (1539), Scholia in mu- 
sicam. planam Wenceslai Plulamathis 
(1540), Quaestiones vulgariores in mu- 
sicam (1543). He was the first Ger- 
man theoretician to use the vernacular. 
His compositions consist of motets and 
hymns pub. in various collections. 
Ref.: VI. 51; VII. 375; VIII. 67, 76. 

(3) Johann (ca. 1570-1605) : b. Nurem- 
berg, d. Erfurt; composer and instruc- 
tor, published motets and cantiones. 



Agthe 

(4) Wolfgang ChrlBtopb (17th cent) : 

German composer of church music. (5) 
Geors LudiTlg (1643-1676) : b. Gross- 
furra near Sondershausen, d. Gotha; 
composer. At Miihlhausen he pro- 
duced chamber sonatas for stringed 
instruments, penetential songs and 
■madrigals. (6) Johann Frledrich 
(1720-1774): b. Dobitschen, d. Berlin; 
court composer. He succeeded Graun 
as director of the Royal Chapel, and is 
Itnown for his 8 operas, prod. Berlin 
and Potsdam, odes, a sonata, and 
theoretical works. (7) Benedetto 
Emilia (.nie Moltenl) (1722-80) : b. 
Modena, d. Berlin; wife of Johann 
F., singer in the Berlin Italian Opera. 

agthe: (1) Karl Christian (1762- 
1797): b. Hettstadt, d. Ballenstedt; 
court organist at Ballenstedt, composed 
6 Singspiele, a ballet, piano sonatas 
and songs. (2) WUhelm Johann 
Albrecht (1790-1873) : b. Ballenstedt, 
d. Berlin; son of (1). He taught music 
at Leipzig, Dresden and Posen, Bres- 
lau and Berlin. He was a meniber of 
the Gewandhaus orchestra in Leipzig, 
pub. piano compositions; from 1845 
till his death conducted his own insti- 
tute of music at Berlin. (3) Frledrich 
WUhelm (1796-1830) : b. Sangerhausen, 
d. Sonnenstein. He studied at Weimar 
and Dresden, under Miiller, Riemann 
and Weinlig. For six years he was 
cantor at the Kreuzschule (1822-1828). 
(4) Rosa. See Milde. 

AGTJADO y GARCIA, Dlonislo 
(1784-1849) : b. Madrid, d. there; distin- 
guished virtuoso on the guitar. His 
compositions consist of rondos and 
studies for the guitar, and pub. a gui- 
tar method (1825, French 1827). 

AGUIARI, liucrezla. See Agujabi. 

AGUIIiAR, Bmanuel Abraham 
(1824-1904) : b. London, d. there; pianist 
and composer. After distinguishing 
himself at Leipzig, he went to London, 
where he composed operas, cantatas, 
symphonies, overtures and chamber 
music. 

AGUII,E:RA DE: HEREIDIA, Sebas- 
tiano (17th cent.) : Spanish ecclesiastic 
and organist. In 1603 he became organ- 
ist at the Cathedral of Saragossa, where 
he composed and published a volume 
of Magnificats. 

AGTJJARI, I.acrezia, called La Bas- 
tardina or Bastardella (1743-1783) : 
b. Ferrara, d. Parma; soprano. She 
sang in Italy and at London, was noted 
especially for her phenomenal range, 
from middle C through three octaves. 
In 1780 she married the maestro di 
cappella Colla at Parma and subse- 
quently left the stage. 

AGTJS (1) Henri (1749-1798): b. 
France, d. there; prof, of solfeggio at 
Paris Conservatoire; composer of edu- 
cational works. (2) Joseph; composer 
of string trios, duets, glees, etc., pub. 
in London, also 6 duos concertants for 
2 violins pub. as the op. 37 of Boc- 
cherini by Barbieri of Paris. 



Alchinger 

AHLE (1) Jobann Rudolf (1625- 
1673): b. Miihlhausen, d. there; or- 
ganist and composer. After acting 
as cantor at St. Andreas in Erfurt, 
Ahle became organist at St. Blasien in 
Miihlhausen, subsequently member of 
the council and burgomaster in the 
same town. His works are chiefly 
religious; they include chamber so- 
natas, choral music, and theoretical 
writings. (2) Johann Georg (1651- 
1706): b. Miihlhausen, d. there; organ- 
ist. He succeeded his father as organ- 
ist at Miihlhausen, became town coun- 
cillor, and was made poet laureate by 
Kaiser Leopold I. He was noted as 
composer and theoretician. 

AHLSTROM (1) Olof (1756-1835) : b. 
Stockholm, d. there; organist and com- 
poser. He was organist at Stockholm 
and the author of violin and piano 
sonatas, songs, also the collections 
Musikalisk Tidsfordrift and Skaldestgk- 
ken. (2) Jacob Nlfclas (1805-1857): 
b. Wisby, Sweden, d. Stockholm; oper- 
atic composer. Besides 2 operas, A. 
prod, songs, etc., also a compilation 
of Swedish folk-songs. 

AHIV CARSB, A. von. See Cabse. 

AHNA (1) Heinrlch Karl Hermann 
de . (1835-1892) : b. Vienna, d. Berlin; 
violinist. He studied under Mayseder 
and Mildner, became chamber virtuoso 
to the duke of Coburg-Gotha, and after 
serving in the Austrian army during 
1851-59, gave concerts In Germany and 
Holland and settled in Berlin as mem- 
ber of the Royal Kapelle, of which 
he afterward became concert-master. 
He was noted as member of the Jo- 
achim Quartet. Ref.: VIL 451. (2) 
Elleanore (1835-1865) : b. Vienna, d. 
Berlin; mezzo-soprano. She "was sister 
of Heinrich (1), a pupil of Mantius 
and a singer in the Royal Opera at 
Berlin. 

AIBIi, Joseph, founder of a noted 
music firm (Munich, 1824) which dur- 
ing 1836-84 was controlled by Eduard 
Spitzweg and his two sons, Eugen 
and Otto. It absorbed the firms of 
Falter und Sohn and of Alfred Lau- 
terer, and in 1904 merged with the 
'Universal-Edition' with headquarters 
at Leipzig. 

AIBLIIVGEIR, Johann Kasper (1779- 
1867) : b. Wasserburg, d. Munich; court 
conductor and composer. He studied 
at Munich and under Simon Mayr at 
Bergamo, in 1819 was second maestro 
to the viceroy at Milan, in 1826 Kapell- 
meister in Munich. He founded the 
Odeon at Venice. His best work was 
for the church: masses, requiems, 
psalms, etc.; his one opera, one farsa, 
three ballets, etc., met with little suc- 

AJCHINGEJR, Gregor (ca. 1565- 
1628) : b. Ratisbon, d. Augsburg; canon 
of St. Gertrud in Augsburg; organist 
and composer of church music, which 
is of historical value because of his use 
of the term basso continuo. See Addenda. 



6 



Aide 

AIDE, Hamilton, h. 1830 in Paris, of 
Greek parentage, composer of popular 
songs. 

AIGIVER, Bngelbert (1798-ca. 1852) : 
b. Vienna, d. there; ballet director of 
the Vienna court opera, 1835-37, com- 
posed an opera, operettas, ballets, can- 
tatas, choruses and church music, 

AIMO. See Haym, N. F. 

AIMON, Pnmphlle lieopold Fran, 
cols (1779-1866): b. L'Isle, near Avig- 
non, d. Paris; 'cellist, conductor of 
orchestra in Marseilles theatre, of the 
Gymnase dramatique and the Thi- 
dtre Franfois in Paris. He composed 
operas (La Fie d'Urgile) and chamber 
music and wrote 3 books on musical 
theory. 

AINSWORTH, Henry (17th cent.) : 
Pilgrim minister; compiler of psalm 
tunes. Ref.: IV. 19. 

AIRETOIV, Edward (1727-1807) : 
London instrument maker, imitator of 
violins and 'cellos of Amati. 

A KEMPIS. See Kempis. 

AKERBERG, Erik (1860- ): 
Swedish composer. Ref.: III. 85. 

AKBROYDE, Samnel (ca.l650-) : 
b. Yorkshire; writer of songs, printed 
In collections by d'Urfey and others. 

AKIMENKO, FedoF (1876- ): b. 
Eharkoff; pupil of Balakireff and 
Rimsky-Korsakoff; taught in St. Peters- 
burg, France, and Moscow ; composed 
orchestral and chamber music, also 
'cello, violin, piano pieces, etc., and 
songs. Ref.: III. 160; VI. 396. 

AliA, Giovanni Batista (1580?- 
1612?); b. Monza, d. there; organist 
and composer of madrigals and church 
music. 

AIiABIEFF, Alexander Alexandro- 
Tltcli (1787-1851): b. Moscow, d. there; 
composer. Collaborated with Verstov- 
ski, Vielhorskl, and Maurer in writing 
the music for the musical comedies of 
Chmelnitzki, also was the composer of 
several operas. His songs, especially 
•The Nightingale,' are still popular. 
Ref.: IX. 380. 

AI,AIiEONA, Domenlco (1881- ) : 
b. Montegiorgio, Piceno; composer; 
studied at Liceo musicale, Rome; con- 
ductor of the Society Guido Monaco, 
Leghorn, 1908-1910; cond. of the Au- 
gusteo and professor at the Cons., 
Rome, since 1910; has composed Attolite 
PoTtas for soli, chorus and orchestra; 
a requiem, pro defuncto Rege; an opera, 
Mirra; a Sinfonia Italica, and songs; 
author of Su Emilio de Cavalieri (1905), 
Stndii sulla storia dell' Oratorio (1908), 

AL.ARD (1) Jean-Delphln (1815- 
1888) : b. Bayonne, d. Paris ; violinist, 
teacher and composer. He studied the 
violin as a pupil of Habeneck at the 
Paris Conservatoire; later he succeeded 
Baillot as professor there. His com- 
positions include concertos, studies and 
duets for piano and violin; his style 
as a violinist was noted for abandon 
and verve. He also published a violin- 



td']Alt)ert 

ists* anthology. Ref.: VII. 447, 452. 
(2) C6sar (1837- ) : b. Gosselies, 
Belgium; 'cellist. He studied under 
Servais at the Brussels Cons.; solo 
'cellist under Jullien and Pasdeloup. 

ALARY, Giulo Eugenlo Abramo 
(1814-1891): b. Mantua, d. Paris; flut- 
ist at La Scala, teacher in Paris, com- 
poser of 9 operas, an oratorio, etc. 

Id'JALAYRAC. See Dalayrao. 

ALBA, Alonzo de: Spanish compos- 
er represented in the Cancionero Mu- 
sical. 

ALBANESE, (1729-1800) : b. AI- 

bano, d. Paris; dilettante and com- 
poser of temporarily popular songs; 
played in Concerts Spirituels. 

ALBANESI (1) Lnlgl (1821-1897): 
b. Rome, d. Naples; composer of church 
music and piano works. (2) Carlo 
(1856-1893): b. Naples, d. London; 
professor of pianoforte at Royal Acad- 
emy of Music, composed for his in- 
strument. 

ALBAN (Albanus), Matthias (1621- 
1712): b. Kaltern, d. Bozen; violin 
maker, pupil of Steiner. His instru- 
ments of 1702-09 are considered nearly 
equal to Amati's. See Addenda. 

ALBANI (real name La Jen- 
nesse), Emma (1852- ) : b. Cham- 
bly; operatic soprano. She was a pu- 
pil of Duprez in Paris and of Lam- 
perti. She appeared first in opera at 
Messina, and since then has sung in 
Florence, London, Paris, St. Peters- 
burg and America. She is known also 
as a pianist. In 1878 she married Ernest 
Gye, manager of Covent Garden. 

ALBENIZ (1) Don Pedro (1755- 
1821): b. Biscaya, d. San Sebastian; 
chapel master of the cathedral there; 
composer of church music valued 
greatly in Spain. (2) Pedro (1795- 
1855) : b. Longrono, d. Madrid; pupil 
of Kalkbrenner and Herz in Paris, 
pianist and professor at Madrid 
Cons.; court organist there, and pub. 
many piano compositions and a piano 
method. (3) Don Isaac (1860-1909) : 
b. Camprodon (Spain), d. Cambo au 
Bains (Pyrenees) ; pianist to the Span- 
ish court, composer. He studied in 
childhood with Marmontel, then toured 
America and Europe, and finally re- 
turned to study again in the Brussels 
Cons. He wrote songs, operas, operet- 
tas, an oratorio, and pianoforte works 
which show relationship with the 
modern impressionistic school of 
France. Pioneer in the modern renais- 
sance of Spanish music. Ref.: HI. 362f, 
404, 405/; V. 120; VIL 339; IX. 477. 

[d'lALBERGATI (1) Pirro Capacel- 
11, Conte (1663-1735) : b. Bologna, d. 
there; composer of oratorios, church 
music, instrumental pieces and canta- 
tas. Ref.: VII. 391. (2) Aldobrandlnl 
(17th cent.) : Bolognese composer. 

[d']ALBERT (1) Charles L. N. 
(1809-1886) : b. Nienstetten, near Altona, 
d. London; professor of dancing and 
composer of dance music. (2) Eugen 



Albert 

(1864- ): b. Glasgow. Scotland, 
son of (1) ; pupil Ernest Pauer, Prout 
and Sullivan In London, of Hans 
Richter in Vienna, and Liszt in Wei- 
mar; resident in Vienna; distinguished 
not only as piano virtuoso but also as 
composer. He has written 2 concertos 
for the piano, one for the 'cello, a 
symphony, 2 overtures, 2 string quar- 
tets, a piano souala and a suite for 
the piano, songs, a choral piece and 
9 operas, including Der Rubin (Carls- 
ruhe, 1893), Ghismonda (Dresden, 
1895), Gemot (Mannheim, 1897), Die 
Abreise (Frankfort, 1898), Kain (Ber- 
lin, 1900), Der Improvisator (Berlin, 
1900), Tiefland (Prague, 1903, also Ber- 
lin, etc., and New York), Flauto solo 
(Prague, 1905), Tragabaldas (Hamburg, 
1907), Izegl (ib. 1909), Die verschenkte 
Frau (Vienna, 1912), Liebesketten (ib. 
1912), Tote Angen (Dresden, 1914); 
also incidental music, transcriptions of 
Bach organ works, etc. He was mar- 
ried three times, to Teresa Carreno 
(1892), the singer Hermine Flnck (1895) 
and Ida Theumanu (1910). Ref.: III. 
viii. 243, 244, 268; VII. 324, 330; (Bach 
transcription) VI. 440 footnote: IX. 430; 
portrait, VII. 364. 

ALBERT, Helnricli (1604-1651) : 
b. Lobenstein, d. Konigsberg; nephew 
and pupil of Helnrich Schiitz; organist 
at Konigsberg Cathedral from 1630; 
composer of Arien (8 parts, 1638-50; 
solo and part-songs, chorales, etc.), a 
cantata consisting of 12 terzets, 2 
Singspiele, Prussiarchus (lost) and 
Clonides (some vocal pieces preserved). 
He wrote the texts of most of his songs. 
A. was one of the first Germans to use 
Italian monody but soon abandoned it 
for polyphony. 

ALBERT, Prince of Saxe-Cobnrg- 
Saalfeld (1819-1861) : b. Schloss-Rose- 
nau, d, London; prince consort of 
Queen Victoria of England; music- 
lover and patron, composer of church 
music and one opera. 

ALBERT v., Dnke of Bavaria: 
patron of Orlando di Lasso. Ref.: I. 
307ff; VIL 56, 57. 

ALBERTI (1) Johann Pricdricli 
(1642-1710): b. Toning, d. Merseburg; 
theologian, pupil of Fabrlcius and Al- 
bricl, organist of the cathedral of Merse- 
burg, and composer of church music, 
with a masterly command of counter- 
point. (2) Giuseppe Matteo (1685- 
1746C?]) : composer of instrumental 
music, concert!, violin sonatas, sin- 
fonie, etc.; concert! for violin, strings 
and bass were pub. in Bologna, Am- 
sterdam and London. (3) Domenieo 
(ca. 1707-ca. 1740): b. Venice; pianist, 
singer, composer of operas, motets, 
piano sonatas, etc. One of the first to 
use the hyper-homophonic piano style, 
he has been considered the originator 
of the simple harmonic accompaniment 
formula known as Albertl bass. Ref.: 
II. 55, 56; VII. 48, 97, 107f, 139. (4) 
Karl Kdmund Robert (1801-1874) : b. 



8 



Albrecht 

Danzig, d. Berlin; theologian, philos- 
opher, and musical dilettante. His mu- 
sical writings are both historical and 
critical; his compositions comprise a 
few books of songs. 

ALBERTINl (1) Gioacchlno (1751- 
1811) : d. Warsaw; royal Polish conduc- 
tor; composer of popular Italian opera. 
(2) Michael, known as Momoletto (18th 
cent.) : soprano at the Cassel court. (3) 
Giovanna, called Romanina (18th 
cent.) : sister of Michael, prima donna 

ALBICASTRO, Henrico (Welssen- 
biir^> : Swiss violinist and composer 
of chamber milsic in the late 17th cent. 

ALBINONI, Tommaso (1674-1745) : 
b. Venice, d. there; composer of 
about fifty operas in typical conven- 
tional Italian style. He wrote also 
concertos, sonatas and fugues, and ex- 
celled in violin playing. Ref.: VII. 399, 
422. 

AliBINUS (1) Ca;lonius Rntns (5th- 
6th cent. A.D.) : Roman author of 
Compendium de musica cited by ©oe- 
tius. (2) Flaccns. See Alcuinus. 

ALBOIVI, Marietta (1823-1894) : b. 
Cesena, Romagpa, d. Ville d'Avray, near 
Paris; operatic contralto, who after 
studying with Rossini, made her d^but 
at La Scala in Lucrezia Borgia, 1843. 
Her voice ranged from g- T', with a 
clearness and purity seldom if ever 
surpassed. Her success and popularity 
were world-wide; she sang in Italy, 
St. Petersburg, London, Paris, and 
North and South America. 

ALBRECHT (1) Johann MatthSus 
(1701-1769) : b. Osterbehringen, near 
Gotha, d. Frankfort; organist at Frank- 
fort. (2) Johann Lorenz, called 'Mag- 
ister' (1732-1773) : b. Gormar, near 
Miihlhausen, d. Muhlhausen; Gymna- 
sium teacher and organist in Muhl- 
hausen; musical editor and critic of 
note; published an edition of Adlung's 
Musica mechanica and Siebengestirn 
(1768), wrote 2 treatises on philosophical 
aspects of music, an elementary theory 
(1761) and contributed articles to Mar- 
purg's Kritische Beitrdge. Composed 
a Passion, some cantatas and harpsi- 
chord lessons. (3) Karl (1807-1863) : 
b. Posen, d. Gatschina; studied with 
Schnabel in Breslau; violinist and di- 
rector of a travelling troupe ; for 12 years 
conductor of the Imperial Russian opera 
at St. Petersburg; director of Philhar- 
monic concerts and singing teacher at 
Gatschina. He composed one mass, one 
ballet, 3 string quartets, etc. (4) Kon- 
stantln Karl (1836-1893) : b. Elberfeld, 
d. Moscow; son of Karl; 'cellist in 
Moscow Imperial Theatre, one of the 
founders of the Cons, there (1860) in 
which he later taught. He composed 
songs, choruses, etc., wrote an Unter- 
suchung iiber die Ausfiihrung der Tem- 
pi in den Kammermnsikwerken Klass- 
ischer Autoren. (5) Engen Maria 
(1842-1894) : b. St. Petersburg, d. there; 
son of Karl and trained by David at 



Albrechtsberger 

the Leipzig Cons., conductor of St. Pe- 
tersburg Italian opera, director of music 
in military schools, inspector of mu- 
sic at the Imperial theatres and founder 
of the Society of Chamber Music In St. 
Petersburg. 

AliBRBCHTSBE^RGBR, Johann 

GeoTg (1736-1809): b. Klosterneuburg, 
d. Vienna ; regens chori at the Carmelite 
monastery, court organist and conduc- 
tor at St. Stephen's, in Vienna; teacher 
of theory with whom Beethoven studied, 
1794, composer of fugues for organ and 
piano, string quartets, quintets, trios, 
organ preludes, masses, oratorios, sym- 
phonies, etc. Only 27 of his 261 com- 
positions appeared in print. His 
Grundliche Anweisung zur Komposition, 
the best of his theoretical works, passed 
through two editions in Germany and 
was translated into French and English. 
Ref.: II. 63, 138; VI. 458. 

AliBRICI, Vineenzo (1631-1696): b. 
Rome, d. Prague; organist, composer 
and conductor. He served as organist 
for Queen Christina, for the Elector 
at Dresden and as chapel composer in 
London. In 1680 he left Dresden to 
become organist at the Thomaskirche 
at Leipzig; later returned to Prague. 

AliCAROTTI, Giovanni Francesco 
(16th cent.) : Italian organist, who 
published 2 books of madrigals (1567, 
1569) and a book of lamentations In 
1570. 

ALCOCK (1) Jotn (1715-1806): b. 
London, d. Litchfield; organist. He 
studied under Stanley, the renowned 
blind organist, was subsequently organ- 
ist at churches in London, Reading, 
Plymouth and in the cathedral at Litch- 
field. 1761 Oxford bestowed upon him 
the title of doctor of music. His com- 
positions include religious "works, songs 
and 7-part instr. concertos, also pub. 
collections of church music. (2) Jobn 
(1743-1791); son of (1), organist. 

ALCUIIVTJS (Alblnns), Flaccns 
(735-804) : b. York, d. Tours, where he 
had been abbot for about three years; 
author of a fragment contained in 
Gerbert's Scriptores I, the oldest extant 
account of the 8 church tones. 

ALDA, Frances (real name Francis 
Davis) (1883- ): b. New Zealand; 
d^but Opira Comique, Paris; sang op- 
era in Brussels, London, Milan, War- 
saw, New York, etc.; married Giullo 
Gatti-Casazza, dir. of Met. Opera 
House, New York. Ref.: IV. 153. 

ALDAY (1) the father, an inhabit- 
ant of Perpignan, b. 1737, played the 
mandolin. (2) the elder son, b. 1763, 
player of mandolin and violin at Con- 
cert Spirituels, founder of music busi- 
ness in Lyons, 1795, author of violin 
method. (3) Paul (1764-1835), the 
younger son, violinist at Concert Spir- 
ituels, conductor and music teacher In 
Edinburgh and Dublin, composer of 
violin concertos, duos, etc. 

AliDEN, John Carver (1852- ) : 
b. Boston, Mass.; studied there and in 



[d']Alemltiert 

Leipzig; taught in New Eng. Cons, and 
the Quincy Mansion School and com- 
posed piano pieces, anthems, etc. 

AliDSR, Richard Ernst (1853-1904) : 
b. Herisau, Switzerland, d. Bois Colon- 
be, near Paris; operatic conductor at 
Toulouse and Algiers, also conducted 
at Trouville, Cannes, Biarritz, and the 
Association Artlstique at Marseilles. 
He composed for orchestra, pianoforte 
and chorus, and revised French operas. 

ALDOVRANDINI. See Aldrovan- 
DRiNi (correct form). 

AtDRICH (1) Henry (1647-1710) : b. 
London, d. Oxford; theologian, his- 
torian, architect and composer. As 
deacon of Christ Church, he collected 
a library of music second only to that 
of the British Museum. He is also a 
composer, whose catches are still sung 
to-day. (2) Richard (1863- ) : b. 
Providence, R. I.; music critic; grad. 
Harvard, where he studied music un- 
der J. K. Paine. In 1885 he became 
music critic and editor for the 'Provi- 
dence Journal,' then sojourned abroad, 
studying music. In 1891 he became 
associated with H. E. Krehbiel as music 
critic of the New York 'Tribune,' and 
since 1902 has been critic of the N. Y. 
'Times'; pub. 'guides' to Wagner 
operas. Ref.: (cited) VT. 341; IX. 
484. (3) Marlska (1881- ): b. 
Boston; dramatic soprano, pupil of Gi- 
raudet and Georg Henschel; made her 
d^but at Manhattan Opera House, New 
York, later sang at the Metropolitan 
Opera House; sang Briinnhilde at 
Bayreuth, 1914. (4) Perley Dunn 
(1863- ): b. Blackstone, Mass.; stud- 
ied at New England Cons., with Shake- 
speare in London and with Trabadello 
and Sbriglia in Paris; professor of mu- 
sic, Univ. of Kansas, 1885-87, at Utica 
Cons., 1889-91, in Rochester, 1891-1903, 
in Philadelphia, 1903-11, in New York, 
since 1911; has composed a cantata, 
choruses, songs, etc.; author of 'Vocal 
Economy' (1895). 

AliDRGVANDRINI, Gniseppe An- 
tonio (ca.1673-1707) : b. Bologna; was a 
court conductor and dramatic com- 
poser. His music is for the most 
part vocal, consisting of 15 operas and 
6 oratorios. He wrote also chamber 
concertos and chamber sonatas a 3. 

[d'JAI/EMBERT, Jean le Rond 
(1717-83) : b. Paris, d. there; acoustician 
and theorist. Wrote Miments de mu- 
sique tMorique et pratique, suivant les 
principes de M. Rameau (1752), a de- 
tailed treatise on Rameau's theories, also 
several Recherches on acoustic ques- 
tions and a Histoire de la mustque 
franfaise. Most of his writings were 
translated into German. He contrib- 
uted musical articles to the Diction- 
iiaire encyclopMique edited by A. and 
Diderot (1751-72). Like his contem- 
porary Parisian academicians, [d'j- 
Alembert had neither knowledge of nor 
interest in instrumental music. Ref.: 
IX. 58. 



Alessandri 

A£,e:SSANDRI, FeUce (1747-1798): 
b. Rome, d. Casinalbo; maestro di cap- 
pella at Turin, then in Paris, London, 
etc., second Kapellmeister at the Ber- 
lin Royal Opera, 1789-92. His works, 
which had only ephemeral success, in- 
cluded chiefly operas, 32 of which were 
produced in thirty years. He also 
wrote a ballet, an oratorio, trio sonatas, 
symphonies, etc. 

ALESSANDRO ROMANO (or A. 
della Viola). See Merlo. 

ALEXANDRE, Jacob (1840-1876) : 
d. Paris; one of the first makers of 
harmoniums (accordeons, melodiums), 
popular under the name of 100-franc 
organs. He acquired the patents of 
Alexandre Martin (de Provins], who 
became a silent partner till 1855, but 
later fought the firm in the courts. In 
1868 the house failed through A.'s 
speculations. He wrote a Mithode pour 
I'Accordion (1839) and a Notice on his 
harmoniums. His son fsdouard (1824- 
1888) was associated with his father, 
and iSdouard's wife, diarlotte (n^e 
Dreyfus), was a virtuoso on the har- 
monium. A new kind of harmonium, 
the Alexandre organ, was brought out 
by the firm in 1874, being an improve- 
ment on the so-called American organ. 

AliPANO, Franco (1876- ) : Ital- 
ian composer ; studied at Leipzig Cons. ; 
wrote operas Die Quelle von Enschir [La 
Fonte d'Enscoi} (1898), Risarrezione 
(1904), 11 Principe Zila (1909) ; a sym- 
phony in E minor; Suite Romantica 
and piano pieces. Ref.: III. 389, 390; 
VIII. 446, 448. 

AliFARABI, or Eltarabl, or Al- 
pliarabius, or Farabl (ca. 900-ca. 950) : 
Arabic theoretician, whose correct 
name "was Abu Naszr Mohaiuined Ben 
Tarchau; authority on Greek scales. 

AliFIERI, Abbate Ptetro (1801- 
1863): b. Rome, d. there; Camaldulen- 
sian monk; professor of singing at the 
English College in Rome; wrote Accom- 
pagnato coll'organo, etc. (directions for 
accompanying church chants) ; also 
"works on the revival of Gregorian 
chants (1843), etc., a treatise on Grego- 
rian chant (1855), historical, biograph- 
ical essays (Bettoni, Jomelll) ; edited 
collections of works by Palestrina, Vit- 
toria, Allegri, Anerlo, also Raccolta di 
musica sacra (the first collective edition 
of Palestrina's works, 7 vols., 1841-46) ; 
and translated Catel's 'Harmony' Into 
Italian (1840). 

ALFORD, J. (16th cent.) : London 
lutenist, translated Le Roy's text book 
for lutenists, 1568. 

ALFVfiN, Hugo (1872- ) : b. 
Stockholm; studied with Lindgren 
there; violinist in court orchestra and 
composer of 3 symphonies, 2 symphon- 
ic poems, pianoforte works, marches, 
sonata for violin and a Swedish 
Rhapsody. He taught at the Univ. of 
Stockholm and became musical director 
in that of Upsala. Ref.: 111. 69, 84; 
VIII. 470. 



Allen 

AliGAROTTI, Francesco, Conte 
(1712-1764) : b. Venice, d. Pisa; cham- 
ber musician to Frederick the Great, 
opera librettist, author of Saggio sopra 
I'opera in musica (1755). 

[d'lAIiHEIM. See Dalheim. 

AlilANI, Francesco (19th cent.) : b. 
Piacenza; violinist and 'cellist; teacher 
composer and player of 'cello, first 'cel- 
list at Piacenza theatre. 

AL.IPRANDI (1) Bernardo (18th 
cent.): b. Tuscany; Bavarian court 'cel- 
list and composer; later (1750) concert- 
master; composed a few operas and 
a Stabat Mater. (2) Bernardo, son of 
(1) ; first 'cellist ca. 1780 at Munich; . 
composer for 'cello and viola da gamba. 

AlilZARD, Ad. Josepb L.. (1844- 
1850) : b. Paris, d. Marseilles; bass and 
later baritone. 

AI.KAIOS (625-575): Greet poet. 
Ref.: L 115. 

ALKAN (1) Cbarles-Henrl-Valcn- 
tln (correctly Morbange) (1813-1888) ; 
b. Paris, d. there; studied at the Con- 
servatoire and at 10 received the first 
piano prize; from 1831 taught and 
played in the Conservatoire con- 
certs. He wrote a piano sonata, 
studies, marches, a concerto, etc. Ref.: 
VII. 342fi'. (2) Napoleon IHCorhange 
(1826- ): b. Paris; brother of (1); 
pianist, composer for piano. 

AliLiACCI, liCone, or Leo Allatlus 
(1586-1669) : b. Chios, d. Rome; libra- 
rian at the Vatican; archeologist and 
writer of Drammatnrgia (1666), a cata- 
logue of great historical worth; a sec- 
ond edition, brought up to date, was' 
published 1755 at Venice. 

ALLAN, Maud: contemporary dancer. 
Ref.: III. 321; X. 201, 206; portrait, 
X. 210. 

ALLEGRI (1) Gregorlo (1584- 
1652): b. Rome; studied with G. M. 
Nanini; papal chapel singer from 
1629, composer of a 9-part Miserere 
which was sung during Holy Week 
in the Sistine Chapel, and which 
could not be copied (first pub. by 
Burney in 1771). A. also pub. 2 books 
of Concertini 2-4 v. (1618-19), 2 books 
motets 2-6 v. (1621), a 4-part sonata 
for strings, and left in MS. a great 
number of church compositions, pre- 
served in S. Maria, Vallicella, the 
Papal chapel and the Santini Library. 
Ref.; VI. 66f; VII. 475. (2) Domenlco 
(17th cent.) : composer; maestro di 
cappella at S. Maria Hagglore, Rome; 
composed motets, etc.; one of the first 
to provide Independent instrumental 
accompaniment to vocal music. 

ALLEN (1) George Benjamin (1822- 
1897) : b. London, d. Brisbane, Queens- 
land; organist in Kensington, director 
of opera in Brisbane, composer of 
opera, cantata, pianoforte pieces and 
songs. (2) Edvrard Heron- (1861-) : 
b. St. John's Wood; author of bib- 
liography of writings on violin and 
■Violin Making as It Was and Is' (1884). 
(3) Natban H. (1848- ) : b. Marlon, 

10 



AUiamatuIa 

Mass.; studied in Berlin, taught in 
Hartford, where he played the organ 
and was known as composer of can- 
tatas. (4) Henry Robinson (1809- 
1876): b. Cork, d. London; operatic 
bass in London theatres; after retire- 
ment taught and wrote popular bal- 
lades. (5) Hush (1869- ); b. 
Reading; organist at Chichester Ca- 
thedral, also Oxford; musical director 
at Reading University College. (6) 
Paul: contemp. American composer. 
Ref.: rV. 449. (7) William Francis: 
American compiler of negro folk-songs. 
Ref.: (quot. on negro music) IV. 289, 
295, 301, 304. 

ALLIAMATULA (Roman dancer) . 
Ret.: X. 77. 

AliLIHlV, Belnrlch (Max) (1841- 
1910): b. Halle-on-Saale, d. there; 
clergyman and school-inspector at Ath- 
enstadt, near Halberstadt, then in 
Halle; wrote on organ construction, on 
the piano and the harmonium, etc. 

ALiIilSOIV (1) Richard (16th cent.): 
London music teacher, contributor to 
Este's collections of psalms, also com- 
poser of part-songs, etc. (2) Robert: 
possibly related to (1), member of 
Chapel Royal ca. 1609. (3) Horton C. 
(1846- ): b. London; studied Royal 
Academy, Leipzig Conservatory and 
Dublin; taught and composed in Man- 
chester for piano, organ and voice. 

AIiIjITSEIV, Frances (d. London, 
1912) : English singer and composer of 
songs (settings of Heine, Tennyson, 
etc.). Ref.: 111. 443. 

AliLON, Henry Elrsklne (1864- 
1897) : b. Canonbury; composer of pop- 
ular cantatas and choral ballades. 

ALLWOODB (16th cent.) : composer 
of Church music in England. 

ALMAGRO, Antonio Lopez (1839-) : 
b. Murcia, Spain; pianist and com- 
poser. 

[d']AL.]tIE:iDA, Fernando (ca. 1618- 
1660): b. Lisbon; church composer. 

AliMDNRADBR, Karl (1786-1843) : 
|>. Ronsdorf, d. Nassau; virtuoso on bas- 
soon, teacher of his instrument at 
Cologne; played in orchestras at Frank- 
fort-on-Main and at Mayence. He es- 
tablished a factory at Cologne for 
wind-instruments, but abandoned it in 
1818 to enter the court band at Bleb- 
rich. He improved the bassoon and 
wrote a pamphlet on the subject; also 
composed for voice and for wind and 
string instruments. 

ALOIS, liadlslav (1860- ) : b. 
Prague; solo 'cellist of the Imperial 
Orchestra, St. Petersburg; composer of 
concertos and other pieces for 'cello, 
piano pieces, songs, etc. 

ALFHARABIUS. See Alfasabi. 

AliPHEGB. Bishop of Winchester. 
Ref.: VI. 401. 

ALPHERAKY, Achilles Nlcholale- 
vitch (1846- ) : b. Kharkoff; composer 
of pianoforte works, more than 100 
songs, an a cappella mixed chorus, etc. 
Ref.: III. 136. 



Altmann 

[d'JALaVElN (1) [Peter Cornelius] 
Jobann (1795-1863) : b. Arnsberg, West- 

Shalla, d. Mulheim-on-Rhlne ; aban- 
oned medicine for music and wrote 
popular songs. (2) Friedrlch (1810- 
1887): b. Arnsberg, d. London; forsook 
his study of law to become the pupil 
of Rles; violinist and teacher in Brus- 
sels and London; composed and pub- 
lished works for piano, violin and 
piano, etc. 

ALSAGER, Thomas lUassa (1779- 
1846) : English musical critic and pa- 
tron, executant on all orchestral instru- 
ments and introducer of foreign mu- 
sicians to English audiences through 
private concerts. 

ALSHALABI, Mohammed (15th 
cent.) : Spanish- Arabian theorist; his 
work on musical instruments is still 
extant in the Escurlal. 

ALSLEBEN, Julius (1832-1894): b. 
Berlin, d. there; student of Oriental 
languages and music, teacher of piano; 
founded the Musiklehrerverein ; pub. 
Abriss der Geschichte der Musik; 
Kleines Tonkiinstlerlexikon (1864) ; 
Ober die Entwickelang des Klavier- 
spiels (1870), etc. 

ALSTEDT, Johann Helnrlch (1588- 
1638) : b. Bellersbach, near Herborn, 
Nassau, d. Weissenburg ; theologian, 
philologist and author of works on 
musical theory. 

ALTANI, HyppoUt (1846- ): Ru- 
manian composer; studied with Zarem- 
ba and Rubinstein, conducted provin- 
cial theatres until 1882, when he be- 
came director of the Moscow Royal 
Opera. 

AliTBNBURG (1) Michael (1584- 
1640) : b. Alach, near Erfurt, d. Erfurt; 
deacon at St. Andreas' Church, com- 
poser of vocal church music, some with 
instruments. (2) Johann Ernst (1736- 
1801): b. Weissenfels, d. Bitterfeld; 
trumpeter, organist; wrote on the 
'heroic trumpeters' and drummers' art.' 

ALT^es (1) Joseph-Henri (1826- 
1895): b. Rouen, d. Paris; flutist at 
the Paris Opera; prof, at the Conser- 
vatoire, where he had previously stud- 
ied. He wrote some compositions for 
his instrument. (2) Ernest-Eugfine 
(1830-1899) : b. Rouen, d. St. Dyi, near 
Blols; violinist in the orchestras 
of the Opera and the Concerts Spir- 
itaels. He was deputy conductor of 
the Op^ra for many years, a member 
of the Legion of Honor and composer 
of sonatas, a string quartet, a sym- 
phony, etc. 

AliTHOTJSB, Paul (1889- ) : b. 
Reading, Pa.; dramatic tenor; studied 
with P. R. Stephens and Oscar Saenger 
in New York; debut as Dimitri in Boris 
Godunoff at the Metropolitan Opera 
House, 1913; created the Duke d'Esterre 
in Herbert's Madeleine, 1914, and the 
Conte de Nelpperg in Giordano's Ma- 
dame Sans-Gene (1915) ; also sings In 
concert and oratorio. 

ALTMANN, Wilhelm (1862- ) : b. 



11 



Altnikol 

Adelnau; studied violin in Breslau, his- 
tory in Marburg and Berlin (Dr. phil.), 
became librarian in 1886, since 1900 in 
the Berlin Royal Library, where he be- 
came chief of the music division in 
1914; 'professor' since 1905; head of 
the Deutsche Musiksammlung since 
1906; music critic (since 1912 for the 
Norddeutsche Allg. Zeitung), etc. He 
wrote Chronik des Berliner Philhar- 
monischen Orchesters (1902), H. von 
Herzogenberg (1903), Sffentliche Musik- 
bibliotheken (1903), and on Wagner's and 
Brahms' correspondence; edited cham- 
ber music by Stamitz, M. Haydn, etc. 

ALTNIKOLi, Johann Chrlstopli 
([?]-1759): d. Naumburg, whither he 
went as organist and composer. He 
studied with J. S. Bach, whose daughter, 
Elizabeth Juliane Friederike, he mar- 
ried. Two piano sonatas and a sacred 
cantata are extant in the Berlin Royal 
Library. 

ALVAREZ (1) Fermin Maria ([?]- 
1898) : b. Saragossa, d. Barcelona ; com- 
posed about 100 vocal pieces with in- 
strumental accompaniment, also piano 
works. (2) Albert Raymond Gourron: 
b. Bordeaux, tenor at Ghent (debut), 
Paris Opera, Met. Opera, N. Y. (1898). 

ALVARY, Max, stage-name for Max 
Aclienbach (1858-1898) : b. Diisseldorf, 
d. Gross-Tabarz; studied with Stock- 
hausen; operatic tenor at Weimar, Mu- 
nich, New York, Hamburg and Mann- 
heim. Ref.: IV. 140, 145, 147. 

[d']AI,VIMARB3. See Dalvimaee. 

AliVSIiEBEN, MeUtta. See Otto- 
Alvsleeen. 

ALWOOD, Richard (ca. 1550) : priest 
and composer in England, whose mass 
and organ works are preserved in Ox- 
ford and in Hawkins' 'History of 
Music' 

AliYPITJS (4th cent.) : Greek writer 
to whose 'Introduction to Music,' 
printed by Meursius (1616), Kircher 
(1650) and Meibom (1652), containing 
extensive tables of the Greek transpo- 
sition scales, we owe complete under- 
standing of Greek notation. 

AMADE (1) I>adislaw, Baron von 
(1703-1764): b. Kaschau, Hungary, d. 
Felbar; poet and composer of folk 
songs. (2) ThaddSns, Baron von 
(1782-1845) : b. Pressburg, d. Vienna; 
pianist, famous improvisator, pub. the 
folk-tunes of (1) ; helped to pay for 
Liszt's training. 

AMADBI, Roberto (1840- ) : b. 
Loreto, Italy; organist and maestro di 
cappella there; composed 4 operas, 
church, vocal and pianoforte music. 

AMADIIVO, Riccardo: Venetian mu- 
sic publisher (1583-1615). 

AMALARIUS. Ref.: I. 137f. 

AM ALIA (1) Anna A., sister of 
Frederick the Great (1723-1787) : com- 
posed excellent chorales which are pre- 
served in Berlin. (2) Anna A., Duchess 
of Weimar (1739-1807) : composed mu- 
sic to Erwin und Elmire by Goethe. (3) 
Marie A. Friederil^e of Saxony (1794- 



Ambros 

1870): b. Dresden, d. there; composed 
church music and operas as Amalie 

AMANI, Nicholas (1875-1904): pu- 
pil of Rimsky-Korsakoff; Russian com- 
poser of variations, suites, valses, pre- 
ludes, and other music. Ref.: HI. 145. 

AMATI: family of famous makers of 
violins, 16th-17th centuries. Ref.: I. 
362. (1) Andrea (ca. 1530-1611) : mak- 
er of violins when the model had just 
evolved from the viola. Ref.: VII. 375; 
VIII. 73. (2) Nicola: brother of Andrea, 
maker of bass viols. Ref.: VIII. 73. (3) 
Antonio (1555-1638) : son of (1), made 
violins while the instrument's size still 
varied. (4) Girolamo the 1st (1556- 
1630) : brother of (3) and associated 
with him. His violins are rather large. 
Ref.: VIIL 73. (5) Nicola (1596-1684): 
sou of Girolamo ; greatest of the family ; 
teacher of Stradivari and Guaruerl. (6) 
Francesco Alessandro, son of Giro- 
lamo the 1st. (7) Girolamo the 2nd 
(1649-1740): son of Nicola (5). (8) Giu- 
seppe (early 17th cent.) : maker of 
violins and double basses famous for 
beautiful clear tone; may have be- 
longed to famous A. family. 

AMATO, Pasquale (1878- ): b. 
Naples; operatic baritone; d^but at 
Teatro Bellini, Naples, 1900; sang in 
Buenos Aires and Milan, and in Rus- 
sia, England, Egypt and Germany; 
as member of the Metropolitan Opera 
Company he has sung in leading roles 
in Rigoletto, Aida, La Giaconda, Tris- 
tan, Trovatore, I Pagliacci; created 
r61es in Puccini's 'Girl of the Golden 
West,' and Giordano's Madame Sans- 
Gene. 

AMATUS, Vlncentius (1629-1670) : 
b. Ciminna, Sicily, d. Palermo; cathe- 
dral conductor there and composer of 
church music and 1 opera. 

AMBROGIO, Alfredo. Ref. : VI. 393. 

AMBROS, August AVilhelm (1816- 
1876) : b. Mauth, near Prague, d. Vien- 
na, studied legal science and became 
state's attorney in Prague and later 
(1872) entered the ministry of justice 
in Vienna, but, having made extensive 
musical studies also acted as music 
critic in Prague, became professor of 
music at the Univ. there, 1869, and a 
director and teacher of musical his- 
tory at the Cons. In Vienna he taught 
the Crown Prince Rudolf and was also 
professor at the Cons. He also com- 
posed considerable church music, piano 
pieces, a national Bohemian opera, 
overtures, songs, etc. His fame, how- 
ever, rests on his achievements as a 
historian. In 1856 he pub. as a reply 
to Hanslick's Vom Masikalisch-Schonen, 
Die Grenzen der Poesie und Musik, 
which brought him in contact with 
Liszt. Under the pseudonym Flamin 
he contributed to the Neue Zeitschrift 
fur Musik. 4 vols, of his great Ge- 
schichte der Musik (only to early 17th 
cent.) appeared in Leipzig 1862-78 (va- 
riously reworked by others), a 5th vol. 



12 



Ambrosch 

was compiled from posthumous mate- 
rial by O. Kade (1882). He wrote fur- 
ther Kaliurhistorische Bilder aus dem 
Musikleben der Gegenwart (1860, 2nd 
ed. 1865), Bnnte Blatter (2 vols. 1872, 
1874), Das Konservatorium in Prag 
(1858), and other historical and theo- 
retical studies. Ref..- (cited) I. 263, 
271ff, 315; VI. 68. 

AMBROSCH, Joseph Karl (1759- 
1822) : b. Crumnau, d. Berlin; operatic 
tenor trained by Kozeluch, sang in 
Berlin National Theatre, composed pop- 
ular songs. 

[St.] AMBROSE:, or Ambrosias 
(333-397): b. Treves, d. Milan. As 
Bishop there he developed the church 
ritual and introduced the antiphonary 
responses and hymns of the Eastern 
church Into the Roman, and composed 
many hymns himself. A.'s rejiuted in- 
vention of letter notation is mere 
legend. Ref.: I. 135fF, 142f; VI. 8£f, 
484; mus. ex., Vin. 4. 

AMERBACH, See Ammerbach. 

AMURVS, or Aumerus (13th cent.) : 
theorist of English origin, who wrote 
Practica artis muslca in the house of 
Cardinal Ottoboni (1271). 

AMES (1) John Carlowltz (I860-) : 
b. Bristol, England; operatic composer; 
prod. 1898, 'The Last of the Incas.' (2) 
Philip (1837-1908): d, Durham; pro- 
fessor of music and cathedral organist 
there. 

AMEYDBJT, Christ (16th cent.) : 
composer of church music. 

AMFT, Geors (1873- ) : b. Ober- 
hannsdorf, near Glatz, Silesia; studied 
in Berlin, edited old organ music, etc., 
and wrote choruses, piano pieces, etc. 

AMICIS, Anna Lnda de (1740?- 
[?]): b. Naples; operatic soprano, 
■whose debut was made in London 
under J. C. Bach and who was greatly 
admired by Mozart. 

Father AMIOT (1718-1794): b. Tou- 
lon, d. Pekin ; missionary to the Chinese, 
and translator into French of a mu- 
sical work of Li-Koang-Ti. 

AMMERBACH, or Amerbach, IJIlas 
Nlkolans (ca. 1540-1597) : b. Naumburg, 
d. Leipzig; organist of the Thomas- 
kirche; produced two tablature books 
for organ. Ref.: VI. 428. 

AMMON (1) Blaslns (t?]-1500): b. 
in the Tyrol, d. Vienna; court sopranist 
for Ferdinand of Austria, Franciscan 
monk in Venice and Vienna; composed 
masses and motets published in Vienna 
and Munich. (2) Johann Andreas. 
See Amon. 

AMNER (1) John (d. 1641) : organ- 
ist and choirmaster at Ely Cathedral; 
composer of church music. (2) Ralph: 
son of John; bass in the Royal Chapel 
at Windsor (1623-1662). 

AMON, Johann Andreas (1763- 
1825): b. Bamberg, d. Ottingen; wald- 
hom virtuoso, pupil of Punto, with 
whom he travelled, and in composition 
of Sacchinl; municipal Muslkdirektor 
and publisher in Heilbronn, 1789, Ka' 



Anderson 

pellmeister to the Prince of Ottingen- 
Wallerstein from 1817. He pub. over 
100 works (sonatas for various instru- 
ments, trios, quartets, etc., concertos, a 
symphony, songs) ; while masses, 2 
Slngspiele, etc., remained in MS. 

AMPHIOJV: Greek musician of myth- 
ical origin. Ref.: I. 93f, 111. 

[d'JANA, Francesco (16th cent.) : 
Venetian writer of frottole printed by 
Petrucci. 

ANACKER, Ansnst Ferdinand 
(1790-1854) : b. Freiberg, Saxony, d. 
there; cantor, director of music and 
teacher at Freiberg; founded a choral 
society and directed the mining music 
corps; composed 2 cantatas, part-songs, 
miners' songs, piano pieces, etc. 

ANACRBOSr (B. C. 562?-477) : Greek 
lyric poet of Tevo, Ionia. Ref.: I. 115f. 

ANCHIETA, Juan de (ca. 1450- 
1523) : b. Arpeitia, Biseaya, d. there ; 
tenor, court conductor and composer of 
a mass on the tenor Ea judicos. 

ANCOT (1) Jean (1779-1848) : pupil 
of Kreutzer and Baillot, father of Jean 
and Louis. He composed violin con- 
certos. (2) Jean (1799-1829) : b. 
Bruges, d. Boulogne; trained at the 
Conservatoire, professor and pianist 
in London, toured Belgium and wrote 
more than 225 compositions in less 
than 30 years, including concertos, 
overtures, fugues, etc. (3) liOnls (1803- 
1836): d. Bruges; brother of (2); pian- 
ist who toured the continent and lived 
in London, Boulogne and Tours. 

ANDEK, Aloys (1817-1864) : b. Liebi- 
titz, Bohemia, d. Bad Wartenberg; 
tenor in Vienna court opera. 

AlVDERS, Gottfried Engelhert 
(1795-1866) : b. Bonn, d. Paris; archeol- 
ogist and music custodian in Royal 
(National) Library of Paris; author of 
monographs on Paganini and Beethoven 
and on the history of the violin. Ref.: 
II. 405. 

AlVDERSEiV (1) Karl Joachim 
(1847-1909): b. Copenhagen; flutist; 
member of the Royal Orchestra, Copen- 
hagen, the Italian Opera, St. Peters- 
burg, the Bilse Orchestra, Berlin, vice- 
conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic. 
In 1895 he returned to Copenhagen 
where he founded the Palace Orchestra 
and the Orchestra School. He com- 
posed pieces for flute with orch. and 
with piano (Etudes, fantasies, etc.). (2) 
Vigo (1852-1895) : b. Copenhagen, d. 
Chicago; solo flutist in the Thomas 
Orchestra; distinguished as flute vir- 
tuoso. (3) Hans Christian. Ref.: III. 
71, 74; X. 167. - 

ATTDERSEN-BOKER, Orleana 
(1835- ): b. New York; pianist and 
composer. She has made excellent ar- 
rangements of Spohr and Mendelssohn 
symphonies. 

ANDERSON (1) Thomas (1836- 
1903) : b. Birmingham, England, d. 
there; critic, organist and composer. (2) 
Lucy [Philpot] (1790-1878) : b. Bath, d. 
London ; self-taught concert-pianist. 



13 



Anderton 

■who married Mr. George Frederick An- 
derson, the violinist. She was the 
first woman pianist with the London 
Philharmonic ; teacher of Queen Vic- 
toria. (3) Angelo: contemporary pian- 
ist who studied with Stojowsky and 
Paderewsky. (4) Arthnr Olaft con- 
temp. American composer. iJe/.. IV. 
400. 

ANDERTON, Thomas (1836- ) : 
b. Birmingham; organist, critic, and 
composer. 

ANDING, Joliann Michael (1810- 
1879) : b. Queienfeld, near Meiningen, 
d. Hildburghausen ; composer; teacher 
in the Hildburghausen seminary; pub- 
lished text books, school song books 
and part songs. 

td']ANDRADE, Francesco (1859-) : 
b. Lisbon; baritone; sang first in San 
Remo in Aida, since throughout Europe. 

ANDRfi (1) Johann (1741-1799) : b. 
Offenbach, d. there; was theatre con- 
ductor in Berlin; composed Singspiele 
and numerous songs, etc. ; founded a 
music engraving plant in Offenbach, 
which became the important A. pub- 
lishing house in 1874. Ref.: V. 191f. 
(2) Johann Anton (1775-1842) : b. 
Offenbach, son of (1) ; acquired Mo- 
zart's posthumous MSS., which made 
his firm world-famous; composed 
church and instrumental music and 
wrote text books, Mozart catalogues, 
etc. (3) Karl August (1806-1857): d. 
Frankfort, where he established a 
branch of his father's (2) business, 
also made pianos and wrote a history 
of the instrument. (4) Julius (1808- 
1880) : d. Frankfort, son of (2), organ- 
ist, pianist and organ composer. (5) 
Johann August (1817-1887) : owner of 
the Offenbach house. (6) Karl and 
Adolf (1855-1910) : sons of (5), asso- 
ciated in the management of the Andr^ 
firms. (7) Jean Baptlste (1823-1882) : 
d. Frankfort; Bernberg court conductor, 
pianist, composer for piano and for 
voice. 

ANDREX, Volkmar (1879- ) : b. 
Berne; studied with Munzinger and at 
Cologne; director in Winterthur and in 
Zurich, conductor of symphony con- 
certs; composed music for violin and 
for chorus, also chamber music. 

ANDREAS OF CRETE (650-720) : 
the oldest composer of 'canons' for 
the Greek church; perhaps the author 
of the oldest forms of the melodies 
preserved in MSS. dating back to the 
9th and 10th centuries, the style of 
which is similar to that of the ancient 
Greek hymns. 

ANDR£E, Elfrida (1841- ): b. 
Wisby, Sweden; composer; pupil of 
Sohrling, Norman and Gade; organist 
successively in Stockholm and at the 
Cathedral of Gothenburg; composer of 
Snofrid, for chorus, a symphony for 
orchestra, 2 symphonies for organ, a 
string quartet, a piano quintet, a pi- 
ano trio, 2 romanzas for violin, piano 
pieces and songs. See Sienhammah. 



Anerio 

ANDREOLI (1) Gngllelmo (1835- 
1860): b. Mirandola, d. Nice; pianist 
of distinction who toured Europe, 
composer of chamber music, etc, wrote 
a Manaale d'armonia. (2) Carlo 
(1840- ): b. Mirandola; pianist and 
teacher at Milan Cons., gave successful 
concerts in London. (3) Bvangellsta 
(1810-1875) : father of Guglielmo and 
Carlo and organist at Mirandola. (4) 
Giuseppe (1757-1832) : b. Milan d. 
there; harpist and double bass player 
at La Scala, teacher of double bass at 
Milan Cons. 

ANDREOZZI (1) Gaetano (1763- 
1826) : b. Naples, d. Paris; composed 45 
operas for Italian theatres, besides 
others for St. Petersburg and Madrid. 
He wrote also three oratorios and taught 
in Naples and Paris. (2) Anna (1772- 
1802) : b. Florence, d. near Dresden, 
where she sang as prima donna. 

ANDRES, Pater Juan (1740-1817) : 
b. Planes, Valencia, d. Rome; patronized 
by Count Blanchi in Mantua, librarian 
to Duke of Parma, to Murat in Naples, 
then guest of the Roman Jesuits. He 
made valuable historical and literary 
researches, several of which were in 
the musical field. 

ANDREVI, Francesco (1786-1853) : 
b. Sanabuya, near Lerida, d. Barcelona; 
priest and Spanish cathedral conductor, 
composer of church music and author 
of a method of harmony. 

ANDREWS, Mark! contemp. Ameri- 
can organist and composer. Ref.: IV. 
358f; VL 501. 

ANDRIBN. See Adhien. 

ANDRIES, Jean (1798-1872) : b. 
Ghent, d. there; professor of violin and 
ensemble music, solo violinist in thea- 
tre, director of Ghent Conservatory and 
author of three works on the history of 
instruments. 

ANDRIESSBN, Felagle (1863- ) : 
b. Vienna, where he studied at the Con- 
servatory, sang in Munich, Berlin, Leip- 
zig, Vienna, Frankfort and with the 
Neumann Wagner troupe. 

[d'lANDRIBU, Jean Fr. (1684- 
1740): b. Paris; organist of the Rojral 
Chapel, composer of Pieces de clavecin. 
Pieces d^orgue, etc. 

ANDROGEONIA (Greek hero). Ref.: 
X. 54. 

ANDROT, Albert Auguste (1781- 
1804): b. Paris; dramatic composer; 
also wrote a requiem. 

ANERIO (1) Felice (ca. 1560-ca. 
1614): b. Rome, d. there; sopranist at 
St. Peter's, successor of Palestrina as 
composer to papal chapel, co-editor of 
Editio Mediceea of the Graduale, com- 
posed hymns, responses, madrigals and 
canzonetts. Ref.: I. 321. (2) Giovanni 
Francesco (ca. 1567-ca. 1620) : b. Rome, 
d. there; sang under Palestrina at St. 
Peter's, conductor at Verona cathedral 
and prefect of the Jesuit College of 
Rome; composer of madrigals, galli- 
ards, a pastoral dialogue, masses, lit- 
anies, etc. Ref.: I. 321. See Addenda. 



14 



Anet 

ANET, Baptiste. See Baphste. Ret. : 
VII. 406. 

ANFOSSI, Pasqnale (1727-1797): b. 
Taggia, near Naples, d. Rome; a pupil 
of Piccinl, who produced 73 Italian op- 
eras, received favorably except in Paris. 
He directed Italian opera in London, 
Dresden, Prague and Berlin, 1781-83, 
became maestro di cappella at tlie 
Lateran, 1791, and wrote, besides his 
operas, 12 oratorios, 2 cantatas, masses. 

ANGBIiERI, Antonio (1801-1880) : b. 
Pieve del Cairo, d. Milan; teacher of 
pianoforte and writer of a method for 
that instrument. 

ANGELET, Charles-Francois (1797- 
1832): b. Ghent, d. Brussels; pupil of 
the Conservatoire, teacher in Brussels, 
court pianist to King Wilhelm of Prus- 
sia; composer of piano pieces, a trio 
and a symphony. 

[d'lANGEIil, Andrea (1868- ): 
b. Padua, teacher of Italian literature, 
author of a work on Greek music, com- 
poser of an opera, church and cham- 
ber music. 

[Fra] ANGEIilCO. Ref.: VII. 373. 

ANGELINI, Bontempl Giovanni, 
Andrea (ca. 1624-1705) : b. Perugia; 
court singer and dramatic composer. 

ANGELIS, Glrolamo de (1858- ) : 
b. Givita Vecchia; studied at the Milan 
Conservatory, taught there and at the 
Royal Irish Music Academy, Dublin, 
solo violinist at La Scala^ Milan; writ- 
er and composer of an opera, produced 
1896. 

ANGEL.ONI, liUlsl (1758-1842): b. 
Frosinone, Papal States, d. London; 
writer on music. 

ANGERER, Gottfried (1851-1909) : 
b. Waldsee, d. Ziirich; studied at Stutt- 
gart and Frankfort, directed choral so- 
cieties and the Zurich Music Academy; 
composed 8 ballads for male chorus 
and other choral works. 

D'ANGI/EBERT, Jean Baptlste- 
Henrl (1628[?]-1691) : pupil of Cham- 
bonni^res, court clavecinist to Louis 
XrV., author of Piices de clavecin. 
Ref.: VI. 442, 443; VIL 36, 396f. 

ANGIilN, Mile., ballet dancer. Ref.: 
X. 91. 

'an'gRISANI, Carlo (ca. 1760-[?]): 
b. Riggio; operatic bass in Italy, Vi- 
enna, and in 1817 in London; composed 
songs. 

ANIMUCCIA (1) Giovanni (d. 
Rome, 1571) : maestro of St. Peter's be- 
tween Palestrina's two incumbencies 
(1555-71), and a precursor of that mas- 
ter in style reform; composed Laudi 
spirituali for Neri's (q.v.) 'oratory' 
(1563, 1570). Among his preserved 
works are 4 books of madrigals, 3- to 6- 
part (1547-65), 1 book of 4-part masses 
(1567) and 1 of 4-part Magnificats 
(1568). Ref.: VI. 224. (2) Paolo ([?]- 
1563): maestro at the Lateran; com- 
poser of whose works only a few are 
preserved in collections. 

ANNA IVANOVNA, Empress of 
Russia. Ref.: X. 179. 



Antiquls 

ANNE OF DENMARK, English 
Queen, patron of the masque. Ref.: 
X. 83, 84, 119. 

ANN1BAL.E (1) called 11 Fadovnno, 
or Patavinus (1527-1575): b. Padua; 
organist at Venice and Kapellmeister to 
the Archduke Charles at Graz. He 
composed masses, madrigals, ricercari, 
toccatas, etc. (2) Domenlcoi Italian so- 
pranist, sang under Handel in London. 
td'lANNTJNZIO, Gabrlele. Ref.: 
m. 381, 389; VI. 387; VIII. 449; X. 165. 

ANSANI, Giovanni (18th cent.) : Ro- 
man tenor, sang at Copenhagen, London, 
Florence, Rome, etc.; vocal teacher in 
Naples; died after 1815. He composed 
duets and trios and produced one opera. 

ANSCHCTZ (1) Johann Andreas 
(1772-1856) : b. Coblenz, d. there; pian- 
ist and distinguished composer for that 
instrument; founder of a musical so- 
ciety and school in Coblenz (now sub- 
ventioned). (2) Carl (1815-1870): b. 
Coblenz, d. New York; son of (1), 
opera conductor in New York; opened 
an independent German opera season 
there in 1864. Ref.: IV. 132ff. 

ANSELM OP PARMA (or Anselmns 
Geor^us Parmcnsis) (d. 1443) : b. 
Parma; theorist of extensive scholar- 
ship; his work, De harm.onia dialogi, 
was discovered in 1824 at Milan. 

ANSORGE (1) [Eduard Reinhold] 
Konrad (1862- ) : b. Buchwald, Si- 
lesia ; studied in Leipzig and with 
Liszt; toured America, played in Wei- 
mar and Berlin; taught at Klindworth- 
Scharwenka Cons.; wrote piano so- 
natas, string quartets, etc., choral and 
orchestral works. (2) Max (1862- ) : 
b. Striegan, Silesia; cantor, organist 
and director (Stralsund, Breslau) ; com- 
poser of choruses, motets, and songs. 

ANTEGNATI (1) Bartolomeo (16th 
cent.) : founder of a famous house of 
organ builders. (2) Glovan Francesco: 
son of the above ; maker of harpsichords 
and organs. (3) Giovanni Jacopot 
built the organ in Milan Cathedral. 
(4) Giovanni Batista: third son of 
(1). (5) Costanzo (1557-ca. 1620): 
organist at Brescia cathedral; composer 
of masses, psalms, madrigals, ricercari, 
etc. Ref.: VI. 423. 

ANTICO, Andrea. See Antiquus, 
Andreas. 

ANTINORI, linlgl (1697-[?]): b. 
Bologna; London tenor in 1725. 

ANTIPOFP, Constantln (1859- ) : 
b. Russia; wrote Allegro symphoniqae 
for orchestra; etudes, valses, preludes, 
etc., for piano. 

ANTiaTTIS (1) [de Mondona], An- 
tiquus, Antiqus, Antigo: 16th cent, 
rival printer to Petrucci, printed a vol. 
of masses by the most eminent mas- 
ters (Josquin, Brumel, etc., 1516) ; also 
composed frottole and canzoni^ some of 
which appear also in Petrucci's collec- 
tions (1504-8). (2) Giovanni de (late 
16th cent.) : church maestro at Bari, 
Naples, edited a collection of villanelles 
(2 vols., some numbers by himself). 



15 



Anton 

also canzonette 2 v. (1584) ; composed 
4-part madrigals (1584). 

ANTON, Konrad Gottlob (1745- 
1814) : b. Lauban, Prussia, d. Dresden ; 
professor of Oriental languages at 
Wittenberg; wrote on Hebraic metrics. 

ANTONEIiliUS DE CASBRTA 
(14t]i-15th cent.) : Italian composer of 
French chansons, extant in Paris and 
Bologna. 

ANTONII, Pletro degli (ca. 1645-ca. 
1720): b. Bologna, d. there; church 
conductor there, composer of chamber 
cantatas, 3 oratorios, 3 operas, sonate e 
versetti for organ, church sonatas for 
violin, 2 books of masses (2 sop. w. 
cont.), 1 book motets (solo voice and 
strings), etc. 

ANTONIO DEGL,! ORGANI. See 
Squabcialupi. 

ANTONIOTTI, Giorgio (18th cent.) : 
Milanese composer of instr. sonatas and 
author of Larte armonica, translated 
into English, 1760. Ref.: VII. 591. 

ANTONItrS DB CIVITATB (early 
15th cent.) : composer of sacred and 
secular music, preserved in Florence. 
Bologna and Oxford. 

ANTONOIilNI ([?]-1824): court con- 
ductor and singing teacher in St. Pe- 
tersburg, composed 7 operas and one 
oratorio. 

ANTONY (1) Joseph (1758-1836) : 
organist and composer, father of (2) 
Franz Joseph (1790-1837) : b. Munster, 
Westphalia, d. there; cathedral choir 
master and organist, author of text 
books on Gregorian church song, etc. 

APBIi, Johann Angnst (1771- 
1816): b. Leipzig, d. there; writer; 
attacked Gottfried Hermann's Ele- 
menta doctrines metrics with articles 
in the Allegemeine musikalische Zei- 
tung (1807-08) and wrote a Metrik 
himself (2 vols., 1814-16). He was the 
author of the 'Ghost Tales' from which 
Kind took the plot of Weber's Frei- 
schutz. Ref.: H. 374f; IX. 193. 

APBI>i, Johann David von (1754- 
1833) : b. Cassel, d. there; composer of 
masses, operas, cantatas, etc., author 
of biographical sketches of musicians, 
translator of Piccini's Roland into Ger- 
man. 

APIARirS (1) Mathlas (d. 1553) : 
Swiss music printer associated with 
Schoffer the younger, 1534-37 in Strass- 
burg, then in Berne. (2) Samuel; son 
of (1) and his successor to the business. 

APOIiliO, Greek God, originally of 
physical light and purity, later of all 
spiritual, intellectual and moral vir- 
tues, thus becoming not only the god 
of the Sun and of religious oracles, but 
of poetry and music. To him was at- 
tributed the power which ordained the 
harmonic movement of the Spheres, 
and the invention of the lyre. The 
Pythian games held at Delphi every 
four years were given in his honor, 
the most important place being given 
to the musical contests. Ref.: I. 122; 
X. 54, 56, 59, 69f; (mysteries) X. 61. 



Arbos 

APPBI,, Karl (1812-1895): b. Des- 
sau, d. there; court concert-master and 
composer of male quartets. 

APPBNZBIiDBR, Benedlctns. See 

Benedictus. 

APPTJNN (1) Georg August Ignaz 

(1816-1885): b. Hanau, d. there; per- 
former on instruments of every variety, 
which he taught at Hanau, where also 
he taught theory and the voice; after 
1860 he worked on his experiments in 
acoustics and constructed a har- 
monium comprising 53 degrees within 
the octave. (2) Anton (1839-1900) : b. 
Hanau, d. there; son of Georg; studied 
at Leipzig Cons, and with his father; 
acoustician, constructed a new form of 
bell; wrote Ein natiiraliches Harmonie- 
system (1893) and on acoustics. 

APRILB, Giuseppe (1738-1814) : b. 
Bisceglia, d. Martina, Apulia; alto; 
sang in Stuttgart, Milan, Florence, and 
Naples, where he taught. He was au- 
thor of 'The Modern Italian Method of 
Singing, with 36 Solfegges' (Lond., 
1791). 

APTHORP, William Poster (1848-) ; 
b. Boston, Mass.; music critic ('Boston 
Transcript' from 1881), author of 
books on Hector Berlioz, 'Musicians and 
Music Lovers,' and 'The Opera, Past 
and Present,' editor of Boston Sym- 
phony concert programs; teacher in 
Boston National College of Music and 
at the New England conservatory. Ref.: 
IX. (quoted) 3, 5. 

APTOMMAS, John and Thomas: b. 
1826 and 1829; b. Bridgend, Eng.; vir- 
tuosos on harp ; teachers and composers 
for their instruments. Thomas also 
wrote a history of the harp, 1859. 

ARA, TJgo (1876- ): b. Venice; 
studied violin with Tirindelli at the 
Cons. Benedetto Marcello, Venice, and 
with CSsar Thomson at Li^ge Cons.; 
violinist in the orchestra of La Fenice, 
Venice; studied composition with Fuchs 
at the Vienna Cons.; since 1903 viola 
player of the Flonzaley Quartet. 

ARAJA, Francesco (1700-1767) : b. 
Nappes, d. Bologna; composed about 22 
operas, produced in Naples, Florence, 
St. Petersburg, etc., including the first 
opera set to a Russian text ('The Chari- 
table Titus,' 1751), also a Christmas 
oratorio. Ref.: X. 180. 

ARANAS, Pedro ([?]-1825): d. 
Cuenca, Spain; priest, cathedral con- 
ductor and composer of church music. 

ARANDA (1) Matheus de (16th 
cent.) : professor of music at Coimbra 
Univ.; author of a work on counter- 
point (1533). (2) del Sessa. See Sessa. 

ARAUXO, or Araujo, Francisco 
Correa de (ca. 1581-1663) : Spanish 
Dominican bishop of Segovia; author 
of an Organ School (1626) and a mu- 
sico-ethical treatise. 

A R B A N , Joseph - Jean - Batiste - 
Laurent (1825-1889) : b. Lyons, d. 
Paris; virtuoso on the cornet, which he 
taught at the Conservatoire. 

ARBOS, B. Fernandez (1863- ): 



16 



Arbuckle 

b. Madrid; violinist: studied tliere and 
In Brussels, also wim Joachim; concert 
master of the Berlin Philharmonic; 
teacher of violin at Hamburg and Mad- 
rid conservatories, since 1891 at Royal 
College of Music, London; composed 
violin pieces, piano trios, orchestral 
works and an opera. 

ARBTJCKLB, , Matthew (1828-1883): 
d. New York, where he played the cor- 
net and was known as a band-master. 

ARBUTHNOT, John (1667-1735) : 
English court physician in 1709, foun- 
der of Scriblerus Club (1714) and a 
friend of Handel during his stormy 
London days. 

ARCADEI.T, sometimes Arkadelt, 
Elrchadet, Harcadelt, or Arcadet, 
Jacob, JacqueSf or Jachet (ca. 1514- 
after 1557): d. Paris; singer In the 
Cappella Julia and Papal Chapel; ac- 
companied the Due de Guise to Paris 
(1555) ; two years later Tegius musicus. 
He pub. 6 books madrigals (3-4 v., 
1539-44) ; 1 book masses (3-5 v., 1557) ; 
4-part motets (1545) ; chansons, etc., in 
collections. Ref.: I. 273f, 305; VH. 10; 
mus. ex., XIII. 20, 30. 

[d'lARCHAMBEJAU (1) Jean-Mi- 
chel (1823-1899): b. Herv^, d. Ver- 
viers; teacher, organist, composer of 
church and salon music in Verviers. 
(2) Ivftn (1879- ): b. near Li^ge; 
'cellist; studied with his father and A. 
Massau at Verviers, with Mouard 
Jacobs at Brussels, and with Hugo 
Becker at Frankfort; toured as 'cello 
soloist in Germany, Belgium and Scot- 
land; 'cellist of the Flonzaley Quartet 
since 1903. 

ARCHANGELSKY, Alexander An- 
drejevltch (1846-) : b. Govt. Pensa, Rus- 
sia; director of church choirs; has 
made concert tours with a choir and 
composed 2 masses, church choruses, 
etc. (using women's voices). Ref.: III. 
143. 

ARCHER, Frederick (1838-1901) : b. 
Oxford, d. Pittsburg, Pa.; organist in 
London, Brooklyn, New York, Pitts- 
burg; conductor of Boston Oratrfrio 
and of the Pittsburg Orchestra; writer 
on organ and editor of the 'Keynote'; 
composed organ pieces and a cantata. 

ARCHILEI, Vlttorlas famous Ital- 
ian singer about 1600. Ref.: I. 342; V. 
40; IX. 13 (footnote). 

ARCHILOCHOS (Greek poet). Ref.: 
I. 114f. 

ARCHYTAS (ca. 400-365 B. C): 
mathematician at Tarentum and musi- 
cal theorist. 

ARDITI (1) MIchele, Marchese 
(1745-1838): b. Presloca, d. Naples; 
archeologist, director of museum; com- 
poser of an opera, cantatas, and instru- 
mental pieces. (2) I^nlel (1822-1903): 
b. Crescentlno, Vercelli, d. Hove, near 
Brighton; violinist, conductor at Ver- 
celli, Milan, Turin, Havana, New 
York, Constantinople, St. Petersburg, 
and London, where he directed the 
Italian opera; composer of 3 operas. 



Arlostl 

instrumental pieces and popular dance 
songs (II bacio ['Kiss Waltz')), etc. 

AREND, Max (1873- ) : b. Deutz- 
on-Rhine; lawyer and musician; writer 
on and exponent of Gluck. 

ARENS, Franz Xavler (1856- ) : 
b. Neef, Rhenish Prussia, Germany, 
studied with Rheinberger; conductor, 
teacher and composer in New York; 
founded People's Symphony Concerts 
and aillliated activities, which he con- 
ducts at present; engaged in vocal 
teaching in New York. 

ARENSKY, Anton Stepanovttch 
(1861-1906) : b. Novgorod, d. Tarioki 
(Finland) ; stud, with Rimsky-Korsa- 
koff at the St. Petersburg Cons.; 
teacher of composition at the Mos- 
cow Cons.; conductor of the court 
chapel choir, St. Petersburg, 1895. Com- 
posed 3 operas, choral works, 1 ballet, 
2 symphonies (B min. and A), 1 trio, 
2 string quartets, 1 piano quintet, 1 
piano concerto, 1 fantasjr for piano 
and orch., 3 suites for 2 pianos^ pieces 
for orchestra, violin, 'cello, piano (2 
and 4 hands), duets, church music, etc. 
His style leans to the eclecticism of 
Tschaikowsky rather than the national 
character of the Neo-Russian school. 
He wrote a text-book on harmony (2nd 
ed. 1900) and a manual of form (2 
parts, 2nd ed. 1900). Ref.: HI. 28, 143, 
Heff; V. 368; VL 395; VH. 333; IX. 414; 
X. 183, 224. 

ARETIIVO, or Aretlnns, or d'Arezzo. 
See GuiDo d'Arezzo. 

[d']AREZZO, Guido. See GuiDO D* 

[dalijARGINE, Constantino (1842- 
1877): b. Parma, d. Milan; com- 
poser of popular ballets and operas. 

ARIA, Cesare (1820-1894) : b. Bo- 
logna, d. there; singing teacher. 

ARIADNE. Ref.: X. 56. 

ARIBO SCHOIiASTICirS (ca. 1078) : 
Flemish theorist whose Musica (Ger- 
bert's Scriptores, \ol. ii) includes a com- 
mentary on Guido d'Arezzo's writings. 
td'lARIENZO, Nicola (1842- ): 
b. Naples; teacher of counterpoint and 
composition and history at the Royal 
Conservatory; director from 1879; com- 
poser of 9 operas (3 seria), church, 
chamber and orchestral music, author 
of 2 books of theory, and many works 
of historical interest. See Addenda. 

ARION (7th cent. B. C.) : mythical 
Greek singer whose name is generally 
associated with singing societies. Ref.: 
I. 118. 

ARIOSTI, Attlllo (1666-ca. 1740) : b. 
Bologna, d. Spain (?); opera composer, 
first in the style of Lully, then Scarlatti. 
Member of a religious order, he wrote 
a Passion oratorio (1693), etc., in 1695 
entered the service of the court of 
Mantua, then that of Tuscany; was 
court composer in Berlin 1697-1703, 
then went to Vienna and later to ion- 
don (1715, 1720-27), where he and 
Buononcini had great success till Han- 
del took the field. Some 25 operas 



17 



Arlosto 

(favorite arias printed by Walsh), ora- 
torios, cantatas, dlvertlmentl (violin 
and cent. (1695) and Lezioni for viola 
d'amore (1728) constitute his -works. 
Ref.: I. 435; IX. 31. 

ARIOSTO. Ref.: I. 328; II. 27. 

ARISTIDES Q,TJI1VTIL,IA]VTJS (2nd 
cent.) : Greek theoretician ; author of De 
musica libri VII (printed by Meibom, 
1652, A. Jahn, 1882). Ref.: I. 91; X. 54. 

ARISTOPHANES. Ref.: X. 52, 55, 61. 

ARISTOTLE (1) (4th cent. B. C), 
he great Greek philosopher, whose writ- 
ings contain few but important expres- 
sions on music. These have been com- 
piled by Karl von Jan in his Musici 
scriptores greed (1895). Jan also is- 
sued a new edition of the Problemata, 
Sec. XIX (on music), which were as- 
scribed to A. but were probably writ- 
ten during the first and second cent. 

A. D., in Alexandria. Ref.: I. 89, 97; 
V. 55. (2) Pseudonym of a 12th-13th 
cent, writer on measured music. 

ARISTOXENOS: b. Tarentum (354 

B. C.) ; pupil of Aristotle, the most 
important and prolific Greek writer 
on music (writings said to number 
452). Only 2 books, 'Elements of Har- 
mony' and 'Elements of Rhythmics' 
(the latter in fragments), are pre- 
served, and are published by Gogavl- 
nus (1562), Meursius (1616), Meibom 
(1652) ; and in modern times by Mar- 
quard (1868), R. Westphal and F. Sa- 
ran (jointly, 1883 [commentary], 1893 
[text]). Ref.: I. 99, 110. 

ARK, Karl van (1842-1902): d. St. 
Petersburg, pianist, professor at St. 
Petersburg Cons., pub. a 'School of 
Piano Technics.' 

ARKAVRIGHT (1) Godfrey Edward 
Pellew (1864- ) : editor of The Old 
English Edition, in which are collected 
■works of Arne, Campion, Boyce, Tye, 
Purcell, etc.; edited the 'Musical An- 
tiquary', 1909-13. (2) Marian Ursula: 
Durham graduate, composer of orches- 
tral and r.hamhpr niuslc. 

AR1.BERG, Georg Ephralm Fritz 
(1830-1896) : b. Leksand, Dalecarlien, 
Sweden, d. Christiania ; baritone in the 
Stockholm Royal Opera, sang Moscow, 
Naples, Paris and London; vocal 
teacher and song "writer in Copenhagen. 

ARMBRUST (1) Geors (1818-1869) : 
b. Harburg, d. Hamburg; organist in 
Hamburg, father of Karl. (2) Karl F. 
(1849-1896) : b. Hamburg, d. Hanover; 
critic and teacher of organ and piano 
there. (3) "Walter: son of Karl, church 
organist in Hamburg. 

ARMBRUSTER, Karl (1846- ) : 
b. Andernach-on-Rhine ; pianist and 
Wagnerian conductor, especially influ- 
ential in London. See Addenda. 

ARMES, Philip (1836-1908) : b. Nor- 
wich, England, d. Durham; organist in 
various churches, professor of music, 
Durham, music examiner, Oxford, com- 
poser of three oratorios, other church 
music, a 5-part prize madrigal (1897, 
Madrigal Soc), etc. 



Arnold 

ARIUIN, George. See Hermann (9). 

ARMIXGATTD, Jules (1820-1900) : 
b. Bayonne, d. Paris; studied at the 
Conservatoire; violinist at the Op^ra, 
founded a string quartet with Jacquard, 
Lalo and Mas (later the SociSt^ clas- 
sique, with wind instr.) ; composer for 
violin. 

ARMITT, Mary Louisa (1851- ) : 
b. Salford; contributor of historical 
studies in the 'Quarterly Musical Maga- 
zine,' 'Musical Standard,' etc. 

ARMSHEIMER, Ivan Ivanovltch 
(1860- ): b. St. Petersburg; trained 
at the Conservatory there ; composed 
3 operas, 3 ballets, 2 cantatas, choral 
and orchestral works, pieces for violin 
and for 'cello, and 150 songs. 

ARMSTRONG (1) Helen Porter. See 
Mblba. (2) T^illiam D. See Addenda, 

ARBTAUD, AbbS Franeois (1721- 
1784) : b. Aubignan, near Carpentras, d. 
Paris; member of the Academy; par- 
tisan of Gluck, whom he defended in 
several essays. Ref.: 11. 179. 

ARNE (1) Thomas Augustine 
(1710-1778): b. London, d. there; Mus. 
D. Oxon., player of spinet, violin, or- 
gan, etc.; composer of 'Rule Britannia,' 
also wrote 30 operas, 8 symphonies 
a 8 (1740), 7 trio sonatas, organ 
concertos, harpsichord sonatas, 2 ora- 
torios ('Abel' and 'Judith'), cantatas, 
songs, glees, catches and music to 
Shakespeare plays. Ref.: TV. 39, 69f; 
V. 171. (2) Cecilia, wife of Thomas: 
opera singer, admired by Handel. (3) 
Michael (1741-1786) : b. London, d. 
there; son of Thomas, conductor and 
composer for London theatres; he com- 
posed 9 operas, also songs; played the 
harpsichord and is remembered as one 
of tile seekers of the philosopher's stone. 

[d'JARNEIRO, Jose Augusto Fer- 
reira Veiga, Viscount (1838-1903) : b. 
Macao, China, d. San Remo ; lawyer and 
composer of one ballet, 3 operas, and a 
Te.Deum. Ref.: IIL 408. 

ARNOLD (1) Georg (17th cent.) : b. 
Feldsberg; organist at Innsbruck and 
at the episcopal court of Bamberg; com- 
posed church music (motets, psalms, 
9 part masses, etc.). (2) Samuel (1740- 
1802): b. London; studied with Gates 
and Nares at the Chapel Royal, where 
he was a chorister; wrote dramatic 
works (operas, pantomimes, oratorios, 
etc.). He became Mus. Doc. (Oxon.; 
1772) and ten years later organist and 
composer to the Chapel Royal, in 1789 
conductor to Acad, of Ancient Music, 
1793 organist at Westminster Abbey. 
His greatest achievements are his 36 
vol. edition of Handel's works (incom- 
plete and not entirely accurate) and 
a 4 vol. collection of English cathedral 
music (1790 and reprinted 1847), a se- 
quel to the collection by Boyce. Ref.: 
V. 172. (3) Johann Gottfried (1773- 
1806) : b, Niedernhall n. Ohrlngen, d. 
Frankfort; studied with Romberg and 
Wlllman; concert-'cellist in Germany 
and Switzerland, later 1st 'cellist at the 



18 



Arnold Ton Bmck 

Frankfort municipal theatre. He wrote 
concertos and variations for the 'cello, 
also pieces for the guitar and a sym- 
phonie concertante for 2 flutes and or- 
chestra. (4) Igrnaz E^rnst Ferdinand 
(1774-1812) : b. Erfurt, d. there ; musi- 
cal biographer; in 1816 published 2 
vols, of sketches called Galerie der 
beriihmtesten TonkUnstler des 18. und 
19. Jahrhunderts, also (ten years ear- 
lier) Der angehende Musikdirektor, oder 
die Kunst, ein Orchester zu bilden. (5) 
Karl (1794-1873) : b. Neuklrchen, near 
Mergentheim, son of Johann Gottfried 
(3) ; studied music with Alois Schmitt, 
and Vollweller ; pianist in St. Petersburg, 
Berlin and Milnster; organist and di- 
rector of the Christiania Philharmonic 
Society. His chamber and piano com- 
positions were highly prized; he wrote 
also an opera, Irene (prod., Berlin, 
1832). (6) Henrietta Kisting, wife 
of Karl (5) ; singer in St. Petersburg. 
(7) Friedricli Willielm (1810-1864) : 
b. Sontheim, near Heilbronn, d. Elber- 
feld; pub. 10 books of folk-songs, also 
the Lochheimer Liederbnch, Beethoven's 
symphonies arranged for violin and 
pianoforte and an Allgemeine Musik- 
lehre. (8) Yourlj von (1811-1898) : 
b. St. Petersburg, d. Simferopol, Cri- 
mea; studied at Dorpat and served 
In Russian army until 1838, when he 
abandoned a military career to study 
music with Fuchs and Gunke. His 
compositions include a prize cantata, 
an operetta, a grand opera, over- 
tures and part-songs. He was music 
critic and editor in Leipzig (1863-70) 
and from 1870-94 professor of counter- 
point at Moscow Cons., where he wrote 
on the history and theory of Russian 
Church music. The last four years of 
his life he spent as vocal teacher in 
St. Petersburg. (9) George Benja- 
min (1832-1902): b. Petworth, Sussex; 
d. Winchester; Mus. D. (Oxford, 1861); 
organist In various Oxford Colleges 
and at Winchester cathedral; composed 
2 oratorios, cantatas, motets, church 
services, 2 piano sonatas, etc. (10) 
Ricliard (1845- ) : b. Eilenburg, 
Prussia; studied with David in Leip- 
zig; violinist in Theodore Thomas Or- 
chestra, the New York Philharmonic 
Soc, and organizer of a string quartet 
known by his name (1897). 

ARNOLD von BRTICK (or Bronck) 
([?]-1545): one of the most Important 
German composers of the 16th century, 
probably of Swiss origin; chief Kapell- 
meister to Ferdinand I. in Vienna as 
early as 1534. Sacred and secular 
part-songs, motets, hymns, etc., are pre- 
served In 16th cent, collections. 

ABNOLDSON (1) Oscar (1843- 
1881): d. Stockholm; tenor. (2) Sigrid 
(1861- ): b. Stockholm; daughter of 
Oscar, operatic soprano; taught by 
Strakosch; she made her d^but In Mos- 
cow In 1886, and achieved international 
renown. 

ARIVOULD, Madeleine Sophie (1744 



Arteago 

1802): b. Paris, d. there; operatic so- 
prano, created Gluck's Iphiginie and 
said to have caused the failure of 
Armide: famous for her (often caustic) 
wit. Ref.: II. 33. 

ARNULP of ST. GILLEN (15th 
cent.) : author of a tract De differentiis 
et generibas cantorum (Gefbert, Script.). 

AROX, Fletro (ca. 1490-1545) : b. 
Florence, d. Venice; canon in Rimini, 
and monk at Bergamo, Padua and 
Venice; author of 5 musical treatises. 
The first theoretician to declare that the 
method of composing the voices suc- 
cessively (in counterpoint) was out of 
date. 

ARONSOIV, Rndolpli, American the- 
atrical manager active In late 19th cent. 
Ref.: IV. 144, 177f. 

ARRBSTI, Ginlio Cesare (ca. 1630- 
ca. 1695) : organist and conductor in 
Breslau, composer of masses, organ 
works, trio sonatas, psalms, etc.; en- 
tered a literary controversy with Caz- 
zati, his former teacher, on counter- 
point. 

ARRIAGA y BALZOLA, Jnan 
CrlsOstomo Jacobo Antonio (1806- 
1825) : violinist, who studied at the 
Conservatoire, and composed an over- 
ture, a mass, a Stabat Mater, cantatas, 
and 3 string quartets. 

ARRIETA y CORERA, Pascual 
Juan [Emlilo] (1823-1894) : b. Puenta 
la Relna, Navarre, d. Madrid; composed 
2 operas, 50 operettas, cantatas, etc. ; 
taught at the Madrid Conservatory and 
became director there, 1868. 

ARRIGOIVI (1) Giovanni Giacomo 
(17th cent.) : one of the first composers 
of vocal chamber concertos (2-9 v. 
Venice, 1635), also wrote psalms and 
Magnificats with instr. and sonatas; or- 
ganist of the Vienna court band, 1637. 
(2) Carlo ([?]-1743) : b. Florence, 
where he was Grand Ducal chamber 
composer; previously conducted (with 
G. Sammartini) the Thursday concerts 
in Heckford's Hall, London (1732-33), 
pub. 10 Cantate da camera (1732), etc. 

ART ARIA: art and music house, 
founded by Giovanni A. and his 
nephews Carlo and Francesco in May- 
ence, 1765, and by the two last-named 
In Vienna, 1770. The firm underwent 
many changes (consolidation, removal 
to Mannheim, new affiliations) ; is still 
conducted In Vienna by members of 
the family (C. August and Dominlk A.) 

ARTCHIBOUSHBFP, Nicholas Vas- 
slllevitcli (1858- ) : b. Tsarskoe-Selo, 
Russia; studied under Solovlev and 
Rlmsky-KorsakofT, Imperial State coun- 
cillor, president of the Imp. Russian 
Musical Society; composed for piano. 

ARTEAGO, Stefano (1730[?]-1799) : 
b. Madrid, d. Paris; Spanish Jesuit, 
lived in Bologna, Rome, Paris; author 
of a famous history of opera, Le rivo- 
luzioni del teatro musicale italiano 
(1783, 1785 [3 vols.], also German, 
etc.), also a work on art philosophy in 
Spanish (1789), etc. 



19 



Arthur 

ARTHUR, Alfred (1844- ) : b. 
Pittsburg, Pa. ; vocal teacher, choral 
conductor, director of Cleveland School 
of Music; composer of 3 operas, piano 
pieces, songs, etc.; pub. 5 series of vo- 
cal studies. 

ARTOT (1) Maurice Montagney 
(1772-1829): b. Gray, Haute-Saone, d. 
Brussels; military bandmaster, per- 
former on horn, violin and guitar, and 
conductor at Brussels. (2) Jean-DS- 
slr6 Montagney (1803-1887) : b. Paris, 
d. St. Josse ten Noode; son of Maurice, 
professor of horn at the Brussels Con- 
servatory, court homist and composer 
for his instrument. (3) Alexandre- 
Joseph Montagney (1815-1845) : b. 
Brussels, d. Ville d'Avray, son of (1) ; 
studied at the Conservatoire, violinist 
of note in Europe and America; pub. 
violin concerto, etc., string quartets, pi- 
ano quintet, etc. (4) Margnerite-JosS- 
phine DesirSe Montagney (1835- 
1907): b. Paris, d. Vienna; daughter of 
D6sir6, studied with Viardot-Garcia, so- 
prano at French, BelgiaUj and Dutch 
operas, then with an Italian company 
in Germany, Russia, England and 
Denmark. She married the baritone 
Padilla y Ramos (1842-1900) and their 
daughter, Lola A. de Padilla, is soprano 
at the Berlin Royal Opera. 

ARTUSI, Giovanni Maria (ca. 1550- 
1613) : Bolognese canon and theorist, 
composed canzonettas, etc.; author of 
L'Arte del contrapanto (1586-1589), 
L'Artusi, ovvero aelle imperfettioni 
della moderna masica (1600-1603), etc. 
Ref.: (on Monteverdi) I. 337f. 

ASANTCHEVSKI, Michael Pavlo- 
vltch (1838-1881) : b. Moscow, d. there; 
studied with Hauptmann, Richter and 
Liszt, directed St. Petersburg Conserva- 
tory and composed trios, quartets, a 
concert overture, piano pieces, songs, etc. 

ASCHBIVBRXlItnVElR, Christian 
Heinrich (1654-1732): b. Altstettin, d. 
Jena; 1st violinist and court conductor 
in Zeitz and Merseburg, composer of 
chamber sonatas, dance movements, etc. 

ASCHBR, Joseph (1829-1869) : b. 
Groningen, Holland, d. London; studied 
with Moscheles in London and Leip- 
zig, became court pianist at Paris and 
wrote salon music. 

ASH, Gllfcrt (18th cent.) : early New 
York organ builder. Ref.: IV. 64. 

ASHDOWN, Sldwln: London music 
publisher, successor to Parry who su- 
perseded Wessel (q.v.). 

ASHE:, Andrew (1759-1838): b. 
Lisbum, Ireland, d. Dublin; flutist in 
Brussels, Dublin and London. His 
wife (nie Comer) sang in concert and 
oratorio and two daughters appeared 
as harpist and pianist, respectively. 

ASHLEY (1) John (ca. 1740-1805) : 
d. London; assistant at the Handel 
Festival of 1784, at which his brother 
Chables Jane was the first player of 
the contraf agott ; from 1795 conductor 
of the Lenten oratorio concerts founded 
by Handel; father of (2), (3) and (4). 



[d']Astorga 

(2) [General] Charles (ca. 1770-1818): 
violinist. (3) John James (1772- 
1815) : organist, pianist and vocal 
teacher. (4) Charles: 'cellist; co- 
founder of the Glee Club and Phil- 
harmonic Society. (5) Richard (1775- 
1836): viola player. (6) John (Ash- 
ley of Bath) d. 1830) : bassoonist, 
ballad composer and author of con- 
troversial pamphlets on the origin of 
the English national anthem. 

ASHT03V (1) Hugh (?-1522) : Eng- 
lish composer of the oldest extant vir- 
ginal music; also masses, motets, etc. (2) 
Algernon Bennet Langton (1859- ) : 
b. Durham, studied at Leipzig Cons, 
and Frankfort (Raff) ; piano teacher at 
Royal College of Music, 1885-1910, then 
London College of Music, etc.; com- 
posed chamber music, piano pieces, 5 
symphonies, 3 overtures and other 
orch. pieces, choruses, 200 songs, etc. 

ASHVVELL, Thomas (16th cent.) : 
English composer of church music, still 
extant in Oxford, Cambridge and the 
British Museum. 

ASIOLI, Bonlfazio (1769-1832) : b. 
Correggio, d. there; conductor in Cor- 
reggio, Venice and Milan and director 
of the Milan Conservatory. He wrote 
masses, motets, an oratorio, piano so- 
notas, 7 operas, etc., and didactic works 
of which Principi elementari di musica 
(1809) was translated into Portuguese, 
French, German and Dutch. 

ASOLA, or Asnia, Giovanni Matteo 
(ca.1560-1609) : b. Verona, d. Venice; 
church composer who also wrote mad- 
rigals. 

ASPASIA, Greek dancer. Ref.: X. 
54, 70, 94. 

ASPLMAYR, Franz (ca. 1721-1786) : 
d. Vienna; dramatic composer, wrote 
singspiele, ballet-divertissements, sere- 
nades, concertos, etc.; the first of the 
Viennese composers to adopt the style 
of the Mannheim school (trios, etc.). 

ASPUIiL,, George (1813-1832) : b. 
Manchester, d. Leamington; pianoforte 
prodigy, played in Great Britain, Ire- 
land and Paris; died of tuberculosis, 
leaving pianoforte manuscripts later 
published by friends. 

ASSANTSCHEFFSKY. See ASANT- 

CHEVSKI. 

ASSMAYBR, Ignaz (1790-1862): b. 
Salzburg, d. Vienna; organist at St. 
Peter's, Salzburg; organist at the 
Schottenstift, Vienna, court organist, 
conductor; composed 15 masses, 2 ora- 
torios, and other church music. 

ASTAFIEVA, Seraphlme: Russian 
ballet dancer. Ref.: X. 220, 221, 224. 

ASTARITTA, Gennaro (ca. 1750- 
1803): b. Naples, d. there; wrote more 
than 35 operas, produced in cities in 
Italy, at Pressburg and at St. Peters- 
burg iCirce e Vlisse, 1787). 

ASTON (1) Hugh. See AsHTON. (2) 
Tony (18th cent.) : actor and early 
musical producer in America. Ref.: 
IV. 105ff. 

[d']ASTORGA, Emanuele Glo- 

20 



Athenseus 

achlno Cesare, Count Rincon (1680- 
ca. 1757): b. Augusta, Sicily, d. Spain; 
Spanish noble, lived in Palermo, Vi- 
enna, Znaim and London, then for 
many years in the service of the King 
of Spain; dilettante who composed 
Dafni (1709) and other operas, numer- 
ous cantatas, a Stabat Mater for 4 
voices and strings, etc. 

ATHEN^EUS of NANKRATIS (3rd- 
2nd cent. B. C.) : Greek grammarian in 
Rome; invaluable as an authority on 
the theory of Greek music. His Detpno- 
sophistai, in 15 books, is preserved 
almost in its entirety. 

ATHBRTON, Percy I,ee (1871- ) : 
b. Roxbury, Mass.; studied with Paine, 
Rheinberger, Thuille, Boise, Sgambati, 
Widor; composer of light operas, a 
symphonic poem, a symphonic An- 
dante, a symphonic Scherzo, a Scher- 
zino for string orchestra, 2 sonatas for 
violin and piano, suites for violin, 
piano and flute, piano pieces, choruses, 
many songs, etc. 

■ ATKINS, Ivor Alsernon (1869-) : 
b. Cardiff; organist at Worcester Cathe- 
dral. 

ATRIO, Hermannns de. See Her- 

MANNUS. 

ATTAIGNANT, Pierre (16th cent.) : 
the eariiest music printer in Paris, 
who used movable types. He printed 
mostly works of French chanson wri- 
ters. Ref.: I. 286; VI. 441; VH. 469. 

ATTBNHOPBR, Karl (1837-1914): 
b. Wettingen, Switzerland, d. Munich; 
studied at Leipzig Cons.; conductor of 
male choruses in Rapperswyl (from 
1863) and Zurich (from 1866), where 
he was also teacher of vocal method 
in the School of Music (co-director, 
1897) ; edited collections of male cho- 
ruses, wrote mixed and women's cho- 
ruses, children's songs, songs, piano 
pieces, violin etudes, masses. 

ATTRUP, Karl (1848-1892): b. Co- 
penhagen, d. there; pupil of Gade, 
whom he succeeded as organ teacher 
at the Cons., organist of churches, com- 
poser of organ pieces and songs. 

ATTWOOD, Thomas (1765-1838) : b. 
Chelsea, choirboy of the Royal Chapel, 
studied at Naples and with Mozart in 
Vienna; organist of St. Paul's, 1796, 
the private chapel of George IV., etc. 
He wrote 19 operas, piano sonatas, 
church and other vocal music. 

ATTBBR, Daniel Francois Bsprlt 
(1782-1871): b. Caen, Normandy, d. 
Paris; son of a picture dealer, com- 
posed at the age of 11 and soon aban- 
doned a commercial career and prod, 
privately Julie and Jean de Couvin, 
which was heard by Cherubini, and A. 
became a pupil of that master in 
Paris. After a mass he prod. Le sejour 
milttaire (1813), Le testament (1819), 
La bergire ehateletne, Emma (1821), 
Leicester (1822), La neige (1823), Ven- 
dome en Espagne (w. Herold, 1823), 
Les trots genres (w. Boieldieu, 1824), 
Le concert d la court (1824), Liocadii 



21 



Auer 

(1824), Le maQon (1825), of which the 
last established his fame as one of the 
greatest exponents of the op^ra com- 
Ique. Two lesser works were followed 
by La Muette de Portici (Masaniella) , 
the first work of the new 'grand opera' 
epoch, and a number of other lighter 
works, including Dieu et la Bavadire 
(1830), Le philtre (1831), Le serment 
(1832), Gustave III (1833), Lestocq 
(1834), Le cheval de bronze (1835), 
Action, Les chaperons blancs, L'ambas- 
sadrice (1836), Le domino noir (1837), 
Le lac des fies (1839), Le due d'Olonne 
(1842), La Sirine (1844), La barcarolle 
(1845), Hay die (1847), and 10 others 
showing evidences of decline. He also 
wrote some unpub. string quartets, 4 
'cello concertos (under the name of 
Hurel de Lamare). He was made a 
member of the Academy in 1829, di- 
rector of the Conservatoire in 1842, 
and Imperial court conductor under 
Napoleon III in 1842. Ref.: II. 20, 210; 
III. 278; VIII. 109; IX. 73, 157, 159ff, 
167, 169, 191, 227ff, 230, 235, 245, 255; 
mus. ex. XIII. 244; portrait IX. 226. 

AtJBERT (1) Jaeqines (1678-1753): 
d. Belleville, near Paris ; violin virtuoso 
in Paris Opera and Concerts Spirituels, 
concert-master of the latter, 1748; com- 
poser of violin sonatas and duets, so- 
natas for the 5-stringed viola (Quin- 
ton), violin duets, pieces for vielles, 
musettes, etc. ; also prod. 6 ballets. (2) 
Louis (1720-after 1798): son of (1); 
concert-master of the Op^ra; com- 
poser (symphonies, violin sonatas). (3) 
Pierre Francois Olivier (1763-ca. 
1830): b. Amiens: 'cellist in Paris Op- 
era Comique, teacher and composer for 
'cello, author of an abridged history 
of music. (4) Loals. See Addenda. 

AUBfiRY Dr BOtJLLEY, Prndent 
Louis (1796-1870): b. Vemeuil, d. 
there; studied at the Conservatoire 
(Monsigny, Mehul, Cherubini), wrote 
chamber music in great quantity in 
which he employs the guitar, also 
Grammaire musicale (1830), Des asso- 
ciations musicales en France (1839), 
and La Sociiti Philharmonique de 
I'Eure (1859). 

AUDRAJf (1) Marius-Plerre (1816- 
1887): b. Alx, Provence, d. Marseilles; 
pupil of Amaud and of the Conserva- 
toire, tenor in Marseilles, Brussels, 
Bordeaux, Lyons, and at the Paris Op- 
ira Comique; director and singing pro- 
fessor, Marseilles Cons., composer of 
songs. (2) Edmond (1842-1901): b. 
Lyons, d. Tierceville; studied at the 
Niedermeyer School, church conductor 
at Marseilles, produced with success 38 
operas and operettas (Le grand Mogol, 
La Mascotte, etc.), a pantomime, a 
mass, an oratorio, etc. 

ATJER, Leopold [vonl (1845-) : 
b. Veszpr^m, Hungary; virtuoso on 
violin, trained in Pesth and Vienna 
Conservatories, also by Joachim in 
Hanover ; concert-master, Diisseldorf 
and Hamburg; Imperial solo violinist. 



Aufschnalter 

St. Petersburg; violin professor at the 
Conservatory tliere, 1887-92, leader of 
the Imperial Russian Musical Society. 
Ref.: III. 148; VII. 464, 465. 

ATTFSCHNAITBR, Benedlkt Anton 
(d. Passau, 1742) : Kapellmeister of the 
Passau Cathedral, composer of church 
music and sonatas. 

AUGENER & CO., London publish- 
ing firm, founded, 1853, by George Au- 
gener, continued since then by his son, 
William (now 'Augener Limited'). 
Their publications are theoretical 
works and re-edited classics, and they 
are the publishers of the 'Monthly Mu- 
sical Record.' 

ATJGUSTINUS, AnrelluB [St. Au- 
gustine] (354-430) : b. Tagaste, Numi- 
dia, d. Hippo, where he was Bishop. 
St. Augustine defended the use of the 
Ambroslan chant and wrote on metrics 
in his De Musica libri VI. Ref.: I. 135, 
137, 141. 

AUGUSTUS THE STRONG. Ref.: 
n. 6, 12, 78. 

AUIiEN, Johannes (15th cent.) : Ger- 
man composer of masses and motets 
preserved in the libraries of Berlin and 
Leipzig. 

AULIW, Tor (1866-1914) : b. Stock- 
holm, d. there; studied in Berlin, vio- 
linist, concert-master of the Royal 
Opera, conductor of the Art Society, 
Stockholm; founded the A. String 
Quartet; composed 3 concertos and 
other works for violin, orch. suite, 
Meister Oluf, etc. Ref.: HI. 85. 

[de I'JAUIilVAYB, Franrols Henri 
Stanislas (1739-1830): b. Madrid, d. 
Chaillot; writer and theorist; author 
of a Mimoire sur un nouveaa sgstime 
de notation musicale. 

AUREI/IANUS REOmENSIS: 9th 
cent, church music theorist; author of 
Musica, containing the earliest in- 
formation on the character of the 
church modes (pub. in Gerbert's Scrip- 
tores, vol. I). Ref.: I. 145. 

AUS DER OHE, Adele (ca.l865-) : 
pupil of Kullak and of Liszt, pianist in 
Germany, England and the United 
States; composer of 2 piano-suites, a 
concert-etude, etc. 

AUSTIN (1) Frederic (1872- ) : 
b. London; Liverpool organist, teacher 
at the College of Music, dramatic bari- 
tone and composer of an overture, a 
rhapsody, a symphonic poem, etc. (2) 
Ernest (1874- ): brother of (1). 
See Addenda. (3) John T.: contemp. 
Amer. organ builder. Ref.: VI. 409. 

AUTERI-MANZOCCHI, Salvatore 
(1845- ) ; b. Palermo ; composer of 5 
operas; 1889-1910 professor of singing 
at Parma Conservatory. 

[d'lAUVERGNE (1) Peire (1152- 
1215) : troubadour. Ref. : I. 211. (2) 
Antolne (1713-1797) : b. Clermont-Fer- 
rand, d. Lyons; violinist, composer; 
played in orchestras of Concerts Spir- 
ituels, the King's Band and the Op^ra; 
conductor and director of Op^ra until 
1790; prod. 2 intermides, Les troqears 



22 



Azzajolo 

and La coquette trompie (1753), which 
are among the earliest operas com- 
iques; composed in all 13 operas; also 
trio sonatas, etc. Ref.: VII. 409. 

[,d'] AVELLA, Giovanni (17th 
cent.): Franciscan monk at Lovoro; 
author of Regole di musica (1657). 

AVENARIUS, Thomas (17th cent.) : 
organist at Hildesheim, composer of 
love songs, dance suites (1630), etc. 

AVENTINUS, Johannes (Johannes 
Turmair) (1477-1534) : b. Abensberg, Ba- 
varia; compiled Annales Bojorum and 
edited Faber's Mnsicse rudtmenta ad- 
modum brevia. 

AVERKAMP, Anton (1861- ) : b. 
Willige Langerak, Holland; singing 
teacher In Amsterdam, choir director 
there, composed orchestral works, vio- 
lin sonata, choruses, songs, an opera, 
etc. 

AVERY (1) John ([?]-1808) : English 
organ builder, constructed organs in 
Winchester Cathedral, St. Margaret's 
Church, Westminster, and many other 
famous instruments. He died during 
the building of one at Carlisle. Ref.: 
VI. 406. (2) Stanley R,: contemporary 
American composer. Ref.: IV. 400. 

AVISON, Charles (1710-1770) : b. 
Newcastle-on-Tyne, CL. there; organist, 
composed 26 string concertos a 7, 
piano concertos with string quartet, 
etc.; wrote an 'Essay on Musical Ex- 
pression' (1752, etc.). 

AVOGIilO, Signora: Italian soprano, 
brought to London by Handel, 1741; 
sang in 'Messiah,' 'Samson,' etc. 

AYIi-WARD, Theodore (ca. 1730- 
1801) : organist in London, Cornhill, 
etc. ; musical professor, Gresham Col- 
lege; composer of glees, catches, etc., 
and writer of method for organ. 

AYRES, Frederick (1876- ) : b. 
Binghamton, N. Y. ; pupil of Stillman 
Kelley and Foote; composer of piano- 
pieces, chamber music, etc. Ref.: IV. 
415ff; mus. ex., XTV. 305. 

AYRTON (1) Edmnnd (1734-1808) : 
b. Ripon, d. London; choir master of 
the Chapel Royal ; composer of services 
for the Church of England. (2) Wil- 
liam (1777-1858): b. London, d. there; 
son of (1) ; mus. director of the King's 
Theatre, where he produced Mozart's 
Don Giovanni, etc., music critic on 
'Morning Chronicle,' 'Examiner,' 'Penny 
Cyclopedia,' etc. ; and edited 'Knight's 
Musical Library' and 'Sacred Minstrel- 
sy,' also the periodical 'Harmonicon.' 

AZOPARDI, Francesco (18th cent.) : 
conductor at Malta, author of II mnsico 
practico (1760, Fr. transl. 1784, 1824) ; 
composed church music. 

AZVEDO, Alexis-Jacob (1813-1875) : 
b. Bordeaux, d. Paris; contributor to 
French musical journals, editor of La 
critique musicale. La Presse, etc.; biog- 
rapher of Rossini and F^Iicien David; 
author of pamphlets advocating ChevSs' 
reforms in notation (see Notation). 

AZZAJOIiO, Fllippo (16th cent.) : 
Bolognese composer of madrigals, etc. 



B 



Baban 

BABAN, Graclan (17th cent.) : Span- 
ish composer; conductor in the Valen- 
cia cathedral. 

BABBI, Ctarlstoph (1748-1814) : b. 
Cesena, d. Dresden; concert-master at 
the Dresden court; composed concert! 
for violin, quartets, symphonies, flute 
ducts 6tc> 

BABBim, Matteo (1754-1816): b. 
Bologna, d. there; successful operatic 
tenor; sang in Berlin, St. Petersburg, 
London, Paris, Vienna knd Italy. 

BABEIiL., William (ca. 1690-1723) : 
b. London, d. there; organist, violinist 
and composer. His most valuable 
•works were his arrangements for the 
piano of airs, duos, etc., from Handel's 
operas and those of French contempo- 
raries. He published a volume of so- 
natas for violin, flute or oboe, and 
wrote unpublished concerti grossi for 2 
violins, 'cello and string orch. 

BABINI. See Babbini. 

BACCHIUS, Senex (Bakcheios 
6 Yesui/) : musical theorist of the 4th 
cent.; his Isagoge musicae artis, a cate- 
chism in dialogue form, was reprinted 
by Mersenne (1623) ; translated into 
Latin by Morellus, Meibom (1652), 
von Jan (1891) and Coussemaker 
(Scriptores, 1895) ; published in French 
translation by Mersenne (1627) and 
Ruelle (1896). 

BACCHUS (Greek and Roman god). 
Ref.: X. 54, 65, 69, 74; (Roman orgy 
to) X. 75f. 

BACCUSI, Hlppollto (1545-1609) : b. 
Mantua, d. Verona; maestro di cappella 
at Mantua and Verona; composer of 
books of psalms, motets, masses, mad- 
rigals, etc., and of scattered works in 
collections by Phal^se, Pevernage, Wael- 
rant and Philipp. 

BACFARB, Bacfarre, or Baktark. 
See Gbeff. 

BACH, a family of musicians living 
in Thuringia, an extraordinary num- 
ber of whose members rose to emi- 
nence in their profession in the 16th- 
19th centuries. The art was culti- 
vated among its members as perhaps 
in no other known to history, every 
reunion being made the occasion for 
improvised part-singing (quodlibets) 
and intelligent musical discussion. 
Hence many cantor's posts in Thurin- 
gian cities were filled by them and as 
late as the 18th cent, the 'town pipers' 
of Erfurt were still known as 'the 
Bachs,' though no B. was among their 
number. In 1590 the baker Veit B. 
returned from Hungary to Wechmar, 



Bach 

near Gotha, the town of his ancestors. 
He was an amateur (lutenist), but his 
son Hans was already a professional 
musician. The latter's son Johann B. 
was the progenitor of the Erfurt 
'Bachs,' another, Heinbich B., organist 
at Amstadt, a third, Christoph B., or- 
ganist and town musician at Weimar 
(grandfather of J. S. Bach). Chris- 
toph's son, Ambbosius B., succeeded his 
cousin Johann Christian (1640-82) at 
Erfurt and was in turn succeeded by 
his cousin agidius (1645-1717). Hans' 
second son Heinrich had as sons the 2 
musicians next following. (1) Johann 
Christoph (1647-1703) : b. Arnstadt, d. 
Eisenach, son of Heinrich B. (see 
above) ; organist at Eisenach from 1665 
and the most important of the earlier 
Bachs, uncle of J. S. B. His vocal 
works are especialy notable. Among 
these are preserved the biblical narra- 
tive Es erhob sick ein Streit, motets 
for 4, 8 and one for 22 voices, etc. 
Among his instrumental works are a 
Sarabande with 12 variations for 
clavier, 44 chorale preludes, etc. A 
fugue in E-flat was erroneously 
ascribed to J. S. B. (Bach-Ges. ed., vol. 
36, No. 12). (2) Johann Michael 
(1648-1694) : b. Arnstadt, d. Gehren, 
near Amstadt, where he was organist 
from 1673; brother of (1). In instru- 
mental composition he surpassed his 
brother, as a few choral preludes (all 
that is left of his works) attest. His 
vocal works show his technical ability 
none the less. His youngest daug hter. 
Maria Barbara, became J. S. B.'s first 
wife and mother of C. P. E. and W. 
Friedemann Bach. (3) Johann Chris- 
toph (1645-1693) : b. Erfurt, violinist, 
court Musikus to the Count of Schwarz- 
burg; helped his uncle Heinrich in his 
official work, and devoted himself to 
improving the church music of the 
town. (4) Johann Amhrosins (1645- 
1695): b. Erfurt, twin brother of (3), 
violinist, associated with his brother 
till 1667 when he joined the Erfurt 
Rathsmusikanten. He settled in Eise- 
nach in 1671 and there became the 
father of J. S. Bach. Ref.: I. 455. (5) 
Johann Bernhard (1676-1749) : organ- 
ist in Erfurt, Magdeburg, and Eisenach 
where he succeeded Johann Christoph. 
Of his compositions chorale preludes, 
clavier pieces and orchestral suites are 
preserved, the first partly in the Berlin 
Library; the last were copied by 
J. S. Bach. (6) Johann Nlkolaas 
(1669-1753) : b. Eisenach, d. there; son 



23 



Bach 

of Johann Christoph (3) ; organist in 
Jena, 1695; for a long time the senior 
of tlie wliole family, but his branch 
of it died out with him. He enjoyed 
a high reputation as instrument maker, 
and invented improvements toward 
the establishment of equal tempera- 
ment in tuning of piano and organ. 
He wrote suites for the organ and 
harpsichord, a comic operetta, motets 
and sacred music. (7) Joliann 
Ciirlstopli (1671-1721) : b. Erfurt, d. 
Ohrdruf; son of Johann Ambrosius 
(12); organist at Ohrdruf; teacher of 
the clavichord to Johann Sebastian. 
Ref.: I. 456. (8) Johann Sebastian 
(1685-1750): b. Eisenach, d. Leipzig; 
studied the violin with his father, Jo 
hann Ambrosius (4) and the clavi- 
chord with his brother, who was his 
legal guardian from 1695 and exercised 
his authority harshly. After this he 
became a chorister at Luneburg, where 
he studied the violin, clavichord and 
the organ, travelling to Hamburg to 
hear Reinken and to Celle for French 
organ music, also studying Bohm's or- 
gan works indefatigably. He was vio- 
linist in 1703 in the orchestra of the 
Weimar court, organist the following 
year at Arnstadt, in 1707 at Milhl- 
hausen, and in 1708 at the Weimar 
court, where in 1714 he became Kon- 
zertmeister. During vacations he vis- 
ited Cassel, Halle, Leipzig, Dresden, 
and in 1717 he received the appoint- 
ment of Kapellmeister at Cothen, 
where he directed the chamber music 
for Prince Leopold. In 1723 he went 
to Leipzig, where he acted as cantor 
of the Thomasschule, organist and 
music director of the Thomaskirche 
and the Nikolaikirche, retaining his 
position as Kapellmeister to Prince 
Leopold and adding to these the posi- 
tion of Kapellmeister to the Duke of 
Weissenfels and (1736) court composer 
to the Elector of Saxony, the Polish 
king. Bach's enthusiastic appreciation 
of the achievements of contemporary 
organists is one of his most memorable 
characteristics. In his boyhood he 
tramped from Liineburg to Hamburg 
to hear the renowned Reinken; in later 
years he travelled (again on foot) 
from Arnstadt to Liibeck to profit by 
the art of Buxtehude. His challenge 
of the French organist Marchand was 
unaccepted in 1720; the preceding year 
he had just missed meeting Handel at 
Halle. He visited the Prussian court 
at Potsdam, where his son, Carl Philipp 
Emanuel, was chamber musician, and 
delighted Frederick the Great by dedi- 
cating his Musikalisches Opfer to him 
(it included a 3 part fugue, canons, 
trios for flute, violin and bass, and a 
6 part ricercare). B. had a life un- 
hampered by domestic infelicity; after 
the death of his first wife, his cousin, 
Maria Barbara, he married Anna Mag- 
dalene Wiilken, whose father was 
trumpeter at the Weissenfels court. 



24 



Bach 

She sjTnpathized with him in his ar- 
tistic ideals and assisted him in the 
writing out of his manuscripts, and 
bore him 13 children. In his work 
B. fuses the characteristics of the two 
great musical epochs, the period of 
contrapuntal polyphony, and the age of 
tonal harmony. The list of B.'s works 
is of tremendous length, though only 
a few works were printed during his 
lifetime. Among the latter are the 
Klavieriibung, Das musikalische Opfer, 
■the 'Goldberg Variations,* a number of 
chorales, etc. Besides these there is 
a large number of instrumental com- 
positions chiefly for clavier, organ, and 
clavier with other instruments, includ- 
ing preludes and fugues, fantasies, so- 
natas, toccatas, suites, partitas, con- 
certos, variations, choral preludes, 
chorales, etc.; also the celebrated 
'Well-Tempered Clavichord' (48 prel- 
udes and fugues, two in each major 
and minor key), 'The Art of the 
Fugue' (15 fugues and 4 canons on the 
same theme) . There are for violin alone 
three Partien and three sonatas; for 
viola da gamba three sonatas, for lute 
3 Partien and for viola pomposa (in- 
vented by Bach) a suite. The most 
extensive of B.'s works are his choral 
compositions, including his 5 complete 
annual series (for every Sunday and 
festival-day) of church cantatas; 5 
'Passions,' of which only two are pre- 
served (the 'St. Matthew' and the 'St. 
John') ; the Mass in B minor and 4 in- 
complete ones, .the remnant of a greater 
number written for Dresden; the Mag- 
nificat, in five parts ; the Christmas ora- 
torio ; the Ascension oratorio, and the 
Easter oratorio. For fifty years after 
B.'s death these works were practically 
forgotten. To Mendelssohn's efforts is 
due the fact that they are now com- 
pletely resurrected. The complete in- 
strumental works were published by 
Peters in 1837, to which were later 
added the vocal works. Societies for 
the study of this master have sprung 
up in all the large cities of the Euro- 
pean continent; the first was the Bach- 
Geselleschaft founded in 1850 by Schu- 
mann, Jahn, Becker and Hauptmann, 
which with the aid of the Hartel pub- 
lishing house has put out a complete 
critical edition of the works (59 vols., 
1851-1900). Ref.: For B.'s life and work 
see Vol. I. 449ff; for his vocal solo 
works, V. 147, 164, 175; choral works, 
VI. 121ff, 240ff, 325ff; organ works, VI. 
437ff; clavier compositions, VII. 63ff; 
violin compositions, VII. 421ff; 'cello 
suites, VII. 591; orchestral works, VIII. 
128ff; mus. ex., XIII. 141, 143, 145, 149, 
152,154; portraits, I. 468; VI. 114; birth- 
place illus., VI. 114; facsimile MS., VII. 
80. For general references see indi- 
vidual indexes. (9) Wilhelm Prlede- 
inann (1710-1784) : b. Weimar, d. Ber- 
lin; son and pupil of Johann Sebastian 
B., studied the violin with Graun, at 
the Thomasschule and at Leipzig Univ. 



Bach 

He was organist in Dresden, ^ater In 
Halle, but dissipation resulted in the 
forfeiture of his position, and de- 
spite his unusual genius and skill, he 
died in want and distress. His works 
include concertos, sonatas, fantasies, 
suites, etc., for clavier, trio sonatas, 
concertos, fantasies, fugues, etc., for 
organ, some in MS. in Berlin, some 
repub. by Rlemann, etc. Ref.: I. 461, 
468, 471, 483f; II. 60f; as organist, 

VI. 456, 457; clavier music, VU. 128; 
mus. ex. XIII. 103. (10) Carl Phl- 
llpp Kmannel (1714-1788): b. Wei- 
mar, d. Hamburg; son of John Sebas- 
tian; he abandoned the pursuit of 
philosophy and law which he h?d 
studied in Leipzig and at Frankfort- 
on-Oder; at Frankfort he composed 
for a singing society which he con- 
ducted; in 1737 he was in Berlin, from 
1746-57 he was chamber musician and 
harpsichord player to King Frederick 
the Great. In 1767 he held the post 
of Musikdirektor previously occupied 
by Telemann; this he retained until his 
death. His compositions were in- 
numerable and embraced every form 
for the piano. He wrote 34 pieces 
for various wind instruments, trios for 
flute, violin and bass, concertos for 
*ceUo and oboe, soli for 'cello, for 
flute, for the viola da gamba and for 
the harp. His one book is an analysis 
of the uses of embellishment in the 
playing of the clavichord — Versuch 
lifter die wahre Art, das Clavier zu 
spielen (2 parts, 1753-62) re-edited by 
Niemann, 1906. Ref.: II. 5Sff; spiritual 
songs, V. 189f ; clavier music, etc., VII. 
96, 99, 100, 113, 116, 117, 132, 133, 417, 
490; VIII. 140; mus. ex. XIII. 107; port., 

VII. 110. (11) Johann Ernst (1722- 
1777): b. Eisenach, d. there; son of 
(5) ; lawyer, and his father's successor 
as organist at Eisenach, court Kapell- 
meister at Weimar; composed sacred 
vocal music, also clavier sonatas. (12) 
Johann Chrlstoph Friedrlch (1732- 
1795): b. Leipzig, d. Bilckeburg; son 
of Johann Sebastian; abandoned his 
law studies at Leipzig to become Ka- 
pellmeister at Biickeburg. He com- 
posed a dramatic cantata, Pygmalion, 
cantatas, quartets for flute and strings, 
a 2-hand and a 4-hand clavier sonata. 
(13) Johann Christian (1735-1782) : b. 
Leipzig, d. London; popularly known 
as the Milan or the English Bach (9th 
son of Johann Sebastian) ; in 1748 he 
went to his brother Carl Philipp Eman- 
uel in Berlin; 1760 appointed organist 
of Milan Cathedral, 2 years later con- 
cert-master in London, where he be- 
came music-master to the royal family, 
and where (1763) he prod, his opera, 
Orione and many others, also instr. 
music. See Addenda. Ret.: II. 61f, 
102; VIL 86, 97, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117 ff, 
491, 498 ; IX. 34 ; mus. ex., XIIL 105. (14) 
WUhelm Friedrlch Ernst (1759-1845) : 
b. Biickeburg, d. Berlin; son of Johann 
Christoph Friedrlch, grandson of Jo- 



Bacbmaiui 

hann Sebastian; studied with his uncle, 
Johann Christian, in London, where he 
taught and performed on piano and or- 
gan^ in 1782 he appeared in concerts In 
Pans; in 1789 appointed Kapellmeister 
to Friedrich Wilhelm II, later pianist 
to Queen Louise, music master to the 
princes. He wrote some cantatas and 
songs and music for pianos and other 
instruments. (15) August Wilhelm 
(1796-1869): b. Berlin, d. there; vir- 
tuoso on organ, teacher and director 
at the Royal Institute for Church Mu- 
sic; member of the Berlin Academy 
and professor. Mendelssohn studied 
the organ with him. He wrote an ora- 
torio, church music, etc. Ref.: III. 
16, 95. (16) (or Bak) Alberto (1844-) : 
b. Gyula, Hungary; teacher of vocal 
music, writer of 'The Art of Sing- 
ing,' 'The Principles of Singing,' 
'The Art-Ballard,' etc., published in 
London and Edinburgh. (17) Leon- 
hnrd Bmil (1849- ) : b. Posen ; 
studied with Kullak, Wiierst and Kiel; 
teacher at Kullak Academy, 1869; court 
pianist to the Prince of Prussia, 1874; 
about 1890 he went to London. He has 
prod, in London two successful one- 
act operas (1892 and 1894), a 2-act 
comic opera in Cologne, 1895; his other 
compositions are salon pianoforte 
pieces. (18) Otto (1833-1893): b. 
Vienna, d. Unter-Waltersdorf, studied 
with Sechter, Marx and Hauptmann; 
conductor at various theatres in Ger- 
many; Kapellmeister at Salzburg Ca- 
thedral and later at the Votlvkirche 
of Vienna. He produced 5 operas, and 
wrote 4 symphonies, a ballad for cho- 
rus and orchestra, a Requiem, masses, 
chamber music, an overture, etc. 

BACHAirS. See Backhaus. 

BACHE (1) Francis Edward (1833- 
1858): b. Birmingham, d. there; studied 
in Birmingham and Leipzig Cons.; lived 
in Algiers and Italy during the sum- 
mer, in winter in Vienna and Leipzig; 
composed for pianoforte and violin, 
wrote an overture and prod. 2 operas 
(1851 and 1853). (2) Walter (1842- 
1888): b. Birmingham, d. London; 
brother of Francis; studied In Bir- 
mingham, Leipzig, Milan, Florence and 
with Liszt in Rome; concert-pianist and 
music teacher at the London Royal 
Academy. (3) Constance (1846-1903) : 
b. Edgbaston, d. Montreux; sister of 
Francis and Walter; music teacher, 
translator from the German and author 
of a biography of her brothers. 

BACHMANN (1) Anton (1716-1800): 
b. Berlin, d. there; court musician and 
maker of instruments; invented ma- 
chine head method to tune 'celli and 
double-basses. (2) Karl Ludwig, son 
of Anton (1743-1809) : violist and mem- 
ber of Berlin Royal Kapelle. (3) Pater 
Slxtus (1754-1818) : b. Kettershausen, 
Bavaria, d. Marchthal, near Vienna; 
Premonstrant monk at Marchthal; vir- 
tuoso on organ and piano; competed 
on organ with Mozart (Biberach, 1766) ; 



25 



fiachofen 

composed pianoforte sonatas, organ 
fugues, violin quartets, cantatas, sym- 
phonies, etc. (4) Charlotte Caroline 
TiriLhelmine, nie Stowe (1757-1817): 
pianist and member of tlie Berlin 
Singakademie under Fascli. (5) Gott- 
lob (1763-1840) : b. Bornitz, near Zeitz, 
d. Zeitz ; organist tliere and composer of 2 
singsptele, chamber music, piano so- 
natas, organ pieces, ballads, songs, 
etc. (6) Georer Christian (1804- 
1842): b. Paderborn, d. Brussels; solo 
clarinettist in the Royal Kapelle, clar- 
inet professor at the Conservatory, 
and maker of clarinets. (7) Georges 
(ca. 1848-1894) : Parisian composer of 
numerous piano works. (8) Alberto 
Abraham (1875- ) : b. (jeneva ; vio- 
linist; studied at Lille Cons, and with 
Ysaj^e, Thomson, Hubay, Brodsky and 
Petri; successful European tours; com- 
poser of 2 violin concertos, a violin 
sonata, many pieces and transcriptions 
for violin; author of Les grands vio- 
linistes du passi (1913), Le Violon 
(1906), etc. 

BACHOFEIV, Johann Kaspar (1697- 
1755) : b. Zilrich, d. there; organist, can- 
tor and composer of church music; 
wrote Musikalisches Notenbiichlein. 

BACHRICH, Siegmund (1841-1913) : 
b. Zsambokreth, Hungary, d. Vienna; 
violinist; trained at the Vienna Con- 
servatory, where he later taught; 
viola in Hellmesberger and Ros4 quar- 
tets, also the Philharmonic and the 
court opera of Vienna ; composed 2 
comic operas, 4 operettas, a ballet. 

BACKER-GRONDAIi, Agathe Ur- 
sula (1847-1907) : b. Holmestrand, d. 
Clhristiania; studied with Kullak and 
von Billow, composed songs, suites, con- 
cert studies, etc. She married the singer, 
Olavus Andreas Grondahl. Ref.; III. 99. 

BACKERS. See Broadwood. 

BACKHAUS, Wllhelm (1884- ) : 
b. Leipzig; studied with Alois Recken- 
dorf and d' Albert; has toured widely as 
concert pianist since 1900, since 1911 
also in the U. S. ; teacher of pianoforte 
at Royal College of Music, Manchester, 
England, 1905; gained Rubinstein prize 
(1905) and has since concertized ex- 
clusively. 

BACKOFEN, Johann G. Heinrich 
(1768-1839): b. Durlach, d. Darmstadt; 
chamber musician at Gotha and Darm- 
stadt; virtuoso on clarinet, harp, flute 
and bassethorn; composed trios, quin- 
tets, concertos for clarinet and horn; 
wrote a clarinet-bassethom method. 

BACON (1) Roger (1214-1294) : b. 
Ilchester, d. Oxford; Franciscan monk, 
author of De valore mustces. (2) 
Richard Mackenzie (1776-1844) : b. 
Norwich, d. Correy near Norwich; 
writer on musical science, 'Elements 
of Vocal Science,' 1824, 'Art of Improv- 
ing the Voice and Ear,' 1825. He edited 
the Quarterly Review and founded the 
Norwich Music Festivals, held trien- 
nially. (3) Sir Francis (cited on 
masques) X. 83. 



26 



Baillot 

BADARCZEVSKA, Thekla (1838- 
1862): b. Warsaw, d. there; composed 
salon pieces, one of which is widely 
known. La priire d'une vierge, 

BADER, Karl Adam (1789-1870) ; b. 
Bamberg, d. Berlin; organist of Bam- 
berg Cathedral, operatic tenor in Mu- 
nich, Bremen, Hamburg, Brunswick, 
and Berlin court opera; director of 
church music in Berlin. 

BADIA (1) Carlo Agostlno (1672- 
1738) : b. Venice, d. Vienna; court com- 
poser to Vienna ; wrote 27 operas, 21 
oratorios, solo cantatas, ete. (2) Lnlgl 
(1822-1899) : b. Teramo, Naples, d. Mi- 
lan; composed 4 operas and songs. 

BADIALI, Cesare (ca. 1810-1865) : b. 
Imola, d. there; operatic bass in Ital- 
ian theatres, at Lisbon, Madrid and 
chamber singer at the Vienna court 
from 1842-1859, when he went to Lon- 
don. He was a song composer as 
well. 

BABNA, I^ope de (15th cent.): 
Spanish composer. 

BAERMANN. See Barmann. 

BAGGE, Selmar (1823-1896): b. Co- 
burg, d. Basel; studied in the Con- 
servatories of Prague and Vienna, 
where he taught and acted as organist 
in Gumpendorf, nearby; teacher at the 
Vienna Cons., which he left and as 
critic attacked. Later he became editor 
of the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung. 
Besides his books on theory, musical 
biographies and criticism, he published 
chamber music, a symphony and songs. 

BAGNOLESI: Italian contralto; sang 
in London, 1732. 

BAHX, Martin. See Trautwein. 

B£HR (or Bar, or Beer), Johann 
(1652-1770) : b. St. Georg, Austria, d. 
there; conductor at the court, where 
he wrote musical satire under the pseu- 
donym of Ursus. 

BAI, or Baj, Tommaso (ca. 1660- 
1714) : b. Crevalcuore, near Bologna, d. 
Rome; tenor and maestro di cappella 
at the Vatican; composer of church 
music, including a 5-part Miserere 
still sung in the Papal Chapel during 
Holy Week. 

BAXF, Jean Antoine de (1532-1589) : 
b. Venice, d. Paris ; poet and com- 
poser. He attempted to introduce into 
French poetry vers mesuri on the an- 
tique model and wrote sacred and sec- 
ular chansons which have been re- 
printed by Expert. In 1570 the King 
recognized his Academic de po^sie et 
de musique. 

BAILEY (1) Daniel and (2) Wil- 
liam (18th cent.) : pioneer publishers 
of music in America. Ref.: IV. 29S. 
(3) Marie l/ouise (1876- ) : b. Nash- 
ville, Tenn., studied with Reinecke and 
Leschetizky, pianist, made d^ut at the 
Gewandhaus, Royal Saxon chamber 
musician, lives in Vienna. 

BAILLrOT (1) Pierre-Marie-Fran- 
Qois de Sales (1771-1842) : b. Passy, d. 
Paris; celebrated violinist, pupil of 
Polidori in Passy, Sainte-Marie xa 



Baini 

Paris, Pollani in Rome; through ViotH 
became first violinist at the ThMtre 
Feydeau; thereafter acting as assistant 
In the ministry of finance. Meantime 
becoming Itnown as concert player, he 
was made teacher in the Conservatoire 
In 1795, where he studied theory with 
Cherubini, etc. His first concert tour 
of Europe was made in 1802, in 1821 
he became solo violinist of the Opira, 
and in 1825 of the Royal Orchestra. He 
pub. his famous L'Art da Violon in 
1834 and, with Rode and Kreutzer, the 
official Method of the Cons. ; also edited 
the Cons, 'cello method and wrote 'no- 
tices' on Gretry and Vlotti. He com- 
posed 9 concertos, 30 sets of variations, 
24 preludes in all keys, caprices and 
nocturnes for violin, a symphonie 
concertante for 2 violins and orch., 3 
string quartets, 15 trios for 2 violins 
and bass, etc. Ref.: VII. 412, 431, 433, 
434. (2) Rene-Paul (1813-1889): b. 
Paris, d. there; professor of ensemble- 
playing at the Conservatoire; son of 
PJerre-Marie (1). 

BAINI, Abbate Giuseppe (1775- 
1844): b. Rome, d. there; pupil of his 
uncle Lorenzo B., maestro at the Twelve 
Apostles' Church, then of Jannaconl, 
who had him made a singer in the 
Papal chapel (.camerlango from 1818). 
Imbued with the spirit of Palestrlna, B. 
was a 16th cent, composer living in the 
19th. His 10-part Miserere alternates 
with AUegri's and Bai's in the Holy 
Week repertoire. His Memoire storico- 
critiche delta vita e delle opere di Gio- 
vanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, etc. 
(1828) was translated into German 
(1834) and he pub. an essay on rhyth- 
mics, etc. Ret.: (cited, etc.) I. 253; 
VI. 64, 424. 

BAJ, Tonunaso. See Bai. 

BAJETTI, Giovanni (ca. 1815-1875) ; 
b. Brescia, d. Milan; violinist, conduc- 
tor at La Scala, where he prod, suc- 
cessfully 5 operas and one ballet. 

BAK. See Bach (16). 

BAKEiR (1) Benjamin Franklin 
(1811- ): b. Wenham, Mass.; 
church singer in Salem, Boston, Port- 
land; (1841) music teacher in Boston 
public schools; vice-pres. Handel and 
Haydn Soc. ; founded Boston Music 
School (1851-68); edited the 'Musical 
Journal.' He wrote vocal music (3 
cantatas, quartets and songs), compiled 
books of glees and anthems and pub. 
'Thorough-bass and Harmony.' Ref.: 
TV. 222. (2) George (1773-1847): b. 
Exeter, Eng., d. Rugeley; organist at 
Stafford, Derby and Rugeley; composed 
anthems and glees for several voices, 
organ voluntaries, piano sonatas, etc. 
(3) Theodore (1851- ): b. New 
York; studied with Oskar Paul In 
Leipzig, Dr. phil. from Leipzig Uni- 
versity; wrote Vber die Musik der 
nordamerikanischen Wilden (1882), 
'Biographical Dictionary of Musicians' 
(1900, 1905, revised and enlarged by Al- 
fred Remy, 1917), 'Dictionary of Musi- 



Balbt 

cal Terms* (1895, 16th ed., 1914). He 
has translated German writers of his- 
tory and theory (Weitzmann, Jadas- 
sohn, Lamperti, etc.). Ref.: I. 37. 

BAKHMETIEFF, Nikolai Ivano- 
vHcli (1807-1891) : choir director of the 
St. Petersburg court chapel; besides 
sacred music he composed a symphony, 
a string quartet, songs, pieces for piano 
and violin. 

BAKST, LSon. Ref.: IX. 378; X. 183. 

BAI/AKIREPF, Mily Alexelevltch 
(1837-1910): b. Nishnli-Novgorod, d. 
St. Petersburg; studied natural sci- 
ences, then music, and appeared as 
pianist in 1855. His first compositions 
moved Glinka to announce him as his 
'successor.' His house in St. Peters- 
burg became the centre of the younger 
Russian composers, who, influenced by 
Glinka and Dargomijsky as well as 
Berlioz and Liszt, became the founders 
of the neo-Russian school (Borodine, 
Moussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakoff ) , of 
which B. became the acknowledged 
leader. He founded, with Lamakin, 
the Free Music School in 1862 and con- 
ducted its concerts till his death (ex- 
cepting 1874-81), also the Symphony 
concerts of the Imperial Russian Mu- 
sical Society, 1867-70, and the court 
choir, 1883-95. He composed 2 sym- 
phonic poems (Tamar and En BoMme), 
2 symphonies (C, D min.), 3 overtures 
(Spanish, Czech and Russian), a Chopin 
suite for orch. and a piano concerto; 
also fantasy 'Islamey' and other works 
for piano, and 2 sets of songs. He 
pub. an important collection of Russian 
folksongs (1866). Ref.: 111. 109ff; pi- 
ano music, VII. 330f ; orchestral works, 
VIIL 450f ; ballet, X. 231f ; portrait, HI. 
122. See also individual indexes. 

BALATKA, Hans (1827-1899): b. 
HofFnungsthal, Moravia, d. Chicago; 
studied with Sechter, etc., in Vienna, 
choral conductor in Vienna, Milwau- 
kee, Chicago, where he founded the 
Liederkranz and the Mozart Club, and 
conducted the Philharmonic from 1869; 
composed cantatas and other choral 
works, songs (some with orch.), etc. 

BALBATRF, Clande (1729-1799) : b. 
Dijon, d. Paris; organist in Paris 
churches, virtuoso in the Concerts spir- 
ituels and (1776) organiste de Mon- 
sieur; published Noel variations, 
Piices de clavecin and a quartet for 
piano, 2 violins and bass (2 horns ad 
lib.). 

BALBI (1) I/ndovlco ([7]-1604) : d. 
Venice; maestro di cappella in Padua 
and Venice; composed motets, madri- 
gals, masses, canzonl, etc.; pub. with 
G. Crabrieli and Vecchi, the gradual and 
antiphonary (1591). (2) Melchlore 
(1796-1879): b. Venice, d. Padua; stu- 
dent, theatre-conductor and maestro di 
cappella in Padua; prod. 3 operas 
there, church music (masses. Requiem, 
etc.) ; 3 books of musical theory (1 
'based on equal semitones'). 

BALDWIN, John ([?]-1615): singer 



27 



Baldewtn 

in the Chapel Royal, London; composer 
of motets; editor of the invaluable col- 
lection, 'Lady Neville's Virginal Book,' 
and a collection of English motets, in- 
cluding pieces of Tallis, Tye, Byrd, 
Taverner, Cooper, etc. 

BAIiDEWIN. See Bauldewijn. 

BALFE:, Michael William (1808- 
1870) : studied with O'Rourke and Horn 
(London), then in Italy as the protege 
of Count Mazzara with Federicl and 
Galli; baritone in Italian opera in 
Paris and in Italy from 1828-1835; in 
1835-43 he was settled in England, mak- 
ing occasional visits to the Continent 
(Vienna, Trieste, St. Petersburg, Vienna, 
Berlin). He produced a ballet in Mi- 
lan (1826), later several other Italian 
operas in Italy, but his first great suc- 
cess came with the production in Drury 
Lane of 'The Siege of Rochelle' (1835). 
He also prod. 2 works in the Paris 
Op^ra Comique (1834-44). He wrote 
29 operas, all of which were successful, 
'The Bohemian Girl' earning enthusias- 
tic applause in all the large theatres of 
Europe. Besides his operas, he wrote 3 
cantatas, ballads, part-songs, etc. He 
married the Hungarian singer Lina 
Rosen (d. 1888) and his daughter Vic- 
toria (1837-1871) was also a famous 
singer. Ref.: V. 267; IX. 155f, 424. 

BAIyliANTINE, Edward: b. Ober- 
lin, Ohio; contemp. American com- 
poser (orchestral prelude) ; instructor 
of music at Harvard College. Ret.: 
IV. 442. 

BALLARD, Robert (16th cent.): 
founder of the second oldest Paris firm 
(after Attaignant) of music publishers, 
associated with Adrien Le Roy (q.v.), 
obtained an exclusive patent from 
Henri II. which the firm's heirs re- 
obtained till 1776. They used the old 
types made by Le Be in 1540 till 1750. 
Ref.: \. 287. 

BALTAZARINI. See Beaujoyeulx. 

BALTHASAR (called Balthasar- 
Florence), Henri Rlathias (1844- ) : 

b. Arlon, Belgium; studied at Brussels 
Cons., composed operas, cantatas, a 
violin and a piano concerto, sympho- 
nies, etc. 

BALTZAR, Thomas (ca. 1630-1663) ; 
b. Liibeck, d. London; concert-master 
at the court of Charles II; skilful vio- 
linist (double stops) ; compositions pre- 
served in Playford's 'Division Violinist.' 

BALTZELL, 'Winton James (1864-) : 
b. Shiremanstown, Pa.; editor; stud- 
led music at Univ. of Pennsylvania and 
New England Cons., also with Sir 
Frederick J. Bridge and W. Shakespeare 
in London; assistant editor of 'The 
]6tude,' Philadelphia, 1887; reader for 
the music-publisher Theo. Presser, 
1899-1900; professor of history and 
theory of music, Wesleyan Univ., 
1900-07; since then editor of 'The Mu- 
sician,' Boston; author of 'The Com- 
plete History of Music for Schools' 
(1905), 'Dictionary of Musicians' (1912) ; 
composer of songs and anthems. 



Banti-Giorgl 

BANCHIERI, AdTlano (ca. 1564- 
1634): b. Bologna, d. there; organist 
at Bologna and Imola; composer of 
church concerti, masses, motets, madri- 
gals, etc., author of four books on 
musical theory, in which he opposed 
the hexachordal system. Ref.: I. 279f, 
2Si; Vn. 471; IX. 4. 

BANCK, Karl (1809-1889) : b. Magde- 
burg, d. Dresden; studied with Klein, 
Berger and Zelter; lived In various Ger- 
man cities (among them Berlin, Leip- 
zig and Dresden). Composed piano 
pieces and part-songs and edited clas- 

BAN&S, Antolne-Anatole (1856-) : 
b. Paris; prolific composer of ballets, 
operettas and operas produced in small 
Parisian theatres; also a successful 
lyric fantasia. 

BANESTER (or Banister), Gilbert 
(15th cent.) : English composer; Master 
of the Children, Chapel Royal, London; 
composer of motets still extant in 
manuscript. 

BANISTER (1) John (1630-1679) : b. 
London, d. there; a prot^g^ of Charles 
II, whose intrigues against the French 
court musicians resulted in his dismis- 
sal from the Chapel Royal; directed 
a school for music and gave concerts; 
he wrote Incidental music to Shake- 
speare's 'Tempest' and Davenant's 
'Circe' (1676) and two years later 'New 
Ayres and Dialogues' for 2, 3 and 4 
voices accompanied by the viol. (2) 
John (ca. 1663-1735): son of John (1); 
violinist in the court private band 
during the reigns of Charles, James and 
Anne; leader at the London Italian op- 
era. (3) Charles William (1768- 
1831): composer; collected and pub- 
lished 'Collection of Vocal Music' (4) 
Henry Joshua (1803-1847) : b. London, 
d. there; son of Charles (3); 'cellist. 
(5) Henry Charles (1831-1897) : b. 
London, d. Streatham, near London; 
received King's' Scholarship at the Lon- 
don Royal Academy (1846-8) ; profes- 
sor there, at the Guildhall School and 
at the Normal College for the Blind. 
He wrote a 'Text-Book of Music' (1872, 
15 editions), also four other books 
on musical analysis, ethics, etc., and 
a life of Macfarren. Besides cham- 
ber music, chants, songs, etc., he wrote 
4 symphonies, 5 overtures and cantatas; 
also a pianist of repute. 

BANNELIER, Charles (1840-1899): 
b. Paris, d. there; studied at the Con- 
servatoire; contributor and editor of 
Revue et Gazette Musicale. He ar- 
ranged the Symphonie fantastique 
of Berlioz for piano 4 hands; trans- 
lated into the French the text of the 
St. Matthew Passion and Hansllck's 
Vom Musikalisch-Schonen. 

BANTI-GIORGI, Brlgltta (1759- 
1806) : b. Crema, Lombardy, d. Bologna; 
dramatic soprano; sang at Paris Opera, 
London, Milan, and Italy ; discovered as 
cabaret singer, she never learned even 
to read music. Her success was im- 



28 



Bantock 

mediate and universal, due solely to 
the range and brilliance of her voice. 

BANTOCK, Granville (1868- ) : b. 
London; winner of the Macfarren prize 
at the Royal Academy; conductor of 
the Gaiety Theatre Company through 
England, America and Australia; mu- 
nicipal music director, New Brighton, 
Cheshire, 1897; principal of the music 
school, Birmingham and Midland 
Institute, since 1900; director of the 
Wolverhampton Festival Chorus, 1902- 
03; director of the Liverpool Orches- 
tral Union since 1903; professor of 
music at the University of Birmingham 
since 1908. He has composed 4 sym- 
phonic poems, a symphonic overture, 
a comedy overture, overtiu-e to a 
Grecian tragedy and other works for 
orchestra; a 3-act ballet, 'Egypt'; a 
serenade and a suite for string or- 
chestra, many works for chorus with 
and without orchestra, numerous songs, 
piano pieces, etc. Ref.: III. x, xi, xiv, 
xix, 422, 424, 425; songs, V. 372f; cho- 
ral music, VI. 371ff; orchestral music, 
Vm. 474, 476; mus. ex., XIV. 184; por- 
trait, III. 424. 

BANWART, Jakob (17th cent.) : ca- 
thedral conductor at Constance; com- 
poser of motets 1-11 V. (1641-1661), 
masses 4-5 v., and instr. music. 

BAPTIE, David (1822-1906): b. 
Edinburgh, d. Glasgow; composer of 
anthems and part-songs; compiled the 
'Moody and Sankey Hymn Book' 
(1881) ; published 'Handbook of Mu- 
sical Biography' and 'Musicians of all 
Times' (1889), composed glees. 

BAPTISTE (1) (corr. Baptlste- 
Anet) ([?]-1755): d. LunSville; studied 
with Corelli, whose compositions he 
performed and whose style he imitated ; 
conductor of the music of a Polish 
nobleman; composed sonatas for the 
violin, duets and suites for musettes. 
(2) Ludwis Albert Friedricb (1700- 
ca. 1770) : b. Ottingen, d. Cassel ; violin- 
ist and dancer at the Cassel court, com- 
posed violin and flute sonatas with 
bass and minuets for 2 violins, 2 horns 
QUO. bsss ^\o 

BARBAJA,' Domenlco (1778-1841): 
b. Milan, d. near Naples; opera man- 
ager, first in Naples (San Carlo), then 
Vienna (Kamthnerthor and an der 
Wien) also Milan (Scala), during the 
brilliant Bossini-Donizetti epoch. 

BARBARINI, Manfrede Lnpl (16th 
cent.): composer of motets published 
under the popular pseudonym of 
Lupi. 

BARBEDETTEi, Hlppolyte la Ro- 
helle (1827-1901) : b. Poitiers, d. Paris; 
composed pieces for the piano and en- 
sembles; musical biographer; contribu- 
tor to Minestrel; author of works on 
Beethoven, Schubert, Heller, Chopin, 
Mendelssohn, Gluck, etc. 

BARBBIiliA, Emannele (1704-1773) : 
b. Naples, d. there; composer of cham- 
ber music and an opera, Elmira generosa 
(with Logroscino, 1753). Ref.: VII. 404. 



Bardl 

BARBEiREAU. See Babbibeau. 
BARBERINI, Cardinal. Ref.: IX. 
20, 22. 

BARBIER (1) Frederlc-etlenne 

(1829-1889): b. Metz, d. Paris; teacher 
and leader, Paris Thdatre International ; 
prod, more than 30 light operas (opiras 
bouffes). (2) Jnles-Paal (1825-1901): 
b. Paris, d. there; operatic librettist 
for Meyerbeer, Masse, Gounod, A. 
Thomas, etc., frequently in collabora- 
tion with M. Carr^. Ref.: U. 205, 241; 
IX. 180, 184, 234, 238, 240, 246. (3) 
Pierre (1854- ) : b. Paris ; son of 
Jules; wrote librettos, Le baiser de 
Suzon and Jehan de Saintri. 

BARBIERI (1) Carlo Emannele dl 
(1822-1867) ; b. Genoa, d. Pesth; studied 
with Mercadante and Crescentini; con- 
ductor of stage orchestras in Vienna, 
Berlin, Hamburg, Eio de Janeiro; pro- 
duced 5 operas, composed churcli mu- 
sic, songs in German and Italian. (2) 
Francisco Asenjo (1823-1894): b. 
Madrid, d. there; studied at Madrid 
Cons., clarinettist in a band, then a 
theatre orchestra, chorus leader of a 
Spanish opera troupe, then opera singer 
for a time; secretary of the zarzuela 
Theatre Company in Madrid, 1847, and 
music critic of Illustracion, also teach- 
er. He prod, his first zarzuela in 1850 
and rapidly became the favorite zar- 
zuela composer in Spain (he wrote 77 
in all). Also distinguished as con- 
ductor (founded Concerts spirituels, 
1859, classic concerts, 1866), historian 
(pub. CancioneTO musical collection of 
i5th-16th cent. Spanish polyphonic mu- 
sic, wrote 3 historical studies, etc.) and 
professor of harmony and musical his- 
tory at Madrid Cons. He also wrote 
many orch. works, hymns, motets, etc., 
also chansons. 

BARBIRXJAV, Jacanes (14[?]- 
1491) : d. Antwerp, where he was choir 
master at the Notre Dame; composer 
of whose works are preserved 3 masses, 
motets and chansons in MS. 

BARBLAN, Otto (1860- ) : b. 
Scanfs, Switzerland; studied at the 
Stuttgart Cons., organist of the cathe- 
dral at Geneva, professor of organ and 
composition at the Cons, and conductor 
of the Soci^t^ du Chant SacrS, since 
1887; composer for organ and chorus. 

BARBOT, Joseph - Theodore - D£- 
slrS (1824-1897): b. Toulouse, d. Paris; 
studied at tlie Conservatoire; operatic 
tenor at the Paris Opera, at the Theatre 
Lyrique and in Italy; in 1875 professor 
at the Conservatoire. 

BARCE^VICZ, Stanislaus (1858-) : 
b. Warsaw; studied at Moscow Cons, 
with Tschaikowsky, Hfimaly and 
Laub; became professor of violin at 
Warsaw Cons., 1885, and second opera 
conductor at Warsaw, 1893; director 
of the Imperial Musical Institute, Mos- 
cow, since 1911. 

BARDI, Giovanni, Conte del Vernio 
(16th cent.) : Florentine patron of let- 
ters and music; member of the came- 



29 



Bardin 

rata who produced the earliest ora- 
torio and the first attempt at opera. 
Ref.: I. 329ff. 

BARDIX, Bdward. Ref.: IV. 65. 

BARBZZI (1) Margarita. Ref.: U. 
482. (2) Antonio: patron of Verdi. 
Ref.: II. 481. 

BARGAGLIA, Sclplone (16th cent.) : 
Neapolitan composer; in 1587 he used 
for the first time the word concerto. 

BARGE, Johann Heinrlcli Wllhelm 
(1836- ): b. Wulffahl, near Dan- 
nenberg; performer on flute in a Hano- 
verian regiment, then in the orchestra 
of the Detmold court and 1867-95 at 
the Gewandhaus; in 1899 teacher at the 
Cons, of Leipzig. He wrote a method 
for the flute, studies for orchestra and 
flute, arrangements of well-known com- 
positions for the flute and piano, etc. 

BARGHE;e:R (l) Karl Louis (1831- 
1902) : b. Bilckeburg, d. Hamburg; stud- 
ied with Spohr, David and Joachim; 
concert violinist; court conductor at 
Detmold court, and Hamburg Philhar- 
monic. (2) Adolf (1840-1901) : b. 
Biickeburg, brother to Karl Louis; vio- 
linist at the Detmold court, professor 
of the violin at the Basel School of 
Music. 

BARGIElIi, Woldemar (1828-1897): 
b. Berlin, d. there; studied in Leipzig 
Cons. (Gade, Hauptmann, Moscheles, 
Rietz) ; teacher in Berlin, at Cologne 
Cons, and the Berlin Royal High 
School; director of the music school 
and concert conductor for the Amster- 
dam Society for the Promotion of Mu- 
sic; member of various academies, 
president of the Meisterschule fiir 
musikalische Komposition; composed 3 
overtures, 3 orchestral dances, a sym- 
phony, an orchestral intermezzo, a 
sonata for piano and violin, psalms for 
chorus and orchestra, 4 string quartets, 
the 96th Psalm for double chorus a 
cappella, etc. Ref: IH. 14; VIII. 249. 

BARILLA, A. (1826-1876) : d. Na- 
ples; half brother to Adelina Patti. 

BARKSR, Charles Spaekmann 
(1806-1879) : b. Bath, d. Maidstone, 
London, England; maker of organs; in- 
vented pneumatic lever and the electric 
action; worked in the factory of Dau- 
blaine & Callinet (q. v.) at Paris from 
1837-1860; then fovmded the firm of 
Barker & Verschneider. Ref.: VI. 407. 
BAAMANJV (1) HeinTich Joseph 
(1784-1847): b. Potsdam, d. Munich; 
concert virtuoso on clarinet; toured 
widely, then settled in Munich as first 
clarinettist in the court orchestra; 
composed about 90 works for the clari- 
net, and was a friend of Weber and 
Mendelssohn, who both wrote for him. 
(2) Karl (1782-1842) : brother of Hein- 
rich; noted performer on bassoon. (3) 
Karl (1820-1885|: b. Munich, d. there; 
son of Heinrich; pupil and successor 
of his father; composer of pieces for 
the clarinet and author of a method. 
(4) (or Baermann) Carl (1839-1913): 
b. Munich, d. Boston; son of Karl (3); 



Barrfi 

studied with Wanner, Wohlmuth, Lach- 
ner and Liszt; teacher in Munich Cons.; 
from 1881 teacher and pianist of note 
in Boston. His compositions for the 
pianoforte have been pub. in Offen- 
bach. Ref.: rv. 250. 

BARNABEE:, Henry Clay (1833- 
[?]): b. Portsmouth, N. H.; American 
comic opera baritone, famous for his 
association with the 'Bostonians,' com- 
edy star in operettas by Sullivan and 
de Koven. Ref.: IV. 175, 177. ' 

BARNARD, nee Allngton, Mrs. 
Charles (1830-1869) : writer of songs 
of great popularity in Victorian Eng- 
land (under the pseudonym, 'Claribel'). 
Besides these better known pieces, she 
published compositions for the piano, 
duets, trios, quartets for the voice. 

BARNBY (1) [Sir] Joseph (1838- 
1896): b. York, d. London; an infant 
prodigy; at 10 teacher of the boys in 
York Minster; two years later organist; 
at 15 music teacher in a school. Studied 
in the London Royal Academy; London 
organist, founder of a choral society 
(1864), conductor in London, Cardiff 
and elsewhere; in 1875 precentor and 
music director at Eton, 1892 principal 
of the Guildhall School and knighted 
the same year. His compositions include 
an oratorio, 'Rebecca,' organ pieces. 
Magnificat, hymn tunes, Nanc dimittis, 
anthems, etc. Ref.: VI. 208. (2) Rob- 
ert (1821-1875): b. York, d. London; 
altoist, lay vicar at Westminster, gen- 
tleman of the Chapel Royal. 

BARNEIS, Robt. (1760-1800) : Lon- 
don violin maker. 

BARNETT (1) John (1802-1890): 
b. Bedford, d. Cheltenham; studied 
with Horn, Price, Ries, in Paris and 
Frankfort; composed 2 string quartets, 
part-songs, duets, about 4,000 songs; 
produced 1 operetta and 3 operas, com- 
posed 3 others and died before the 
completion of 2 oratorios and a sym- 
phony. (2) John Francis (1837- ) : 
b. London; nephew of John; twice win- 
ner of Queen's Scholarship at the Lon- 
don Royal Academy; (1856-9) studied 
at Leipzig Cons. Pianist in the New 
Philharmonic Concerts (1853), in those 
of the Gewandhaus (1860) ; professor 
at the London Royal College of Music, 
1883. He composed an oratorio, 6 can- 
tatas, a symphony, a symphonic over- 
ture, trio, quartet and quintet for 
strings, piano concerto and piano 
pieces, part-songs, etc. Ref.: III. 91. 
(3) Joseph Alfred (1810-1898) : b. Lon- 
don; brother of John, tenor singer, 
vocal teacher and composer of sacred 
vocal music (songs, quartets, etc.). 

BARON, Ernst Gottlieb (1696- 
1760): b. Breslau, d. Berlin; lutenist 
at the court of Gotha, 1727, theorbist 
to Frederick the Great as crown prince, 
1734; writer on the theory and practice 
of his instruments and composer of 
unpublished concertos, trios, sonatas, 
etc. 

BABR£ (1) (or Barra), Leonard 



30 



Barrere 

(16th cent.) : b. Limoges ; studied with 
Willaert, papal singer (1537), papal 
envoy to Council of Trent (1545). His 
motets and madrigals are preserved. 
(2) Antolne (16th cent.) : alto singer 
at St. Peter's, Rome, 1552, madrigalist 
and publisher in Rome (1555) and Mi- 
lan (1564), pub. collections of madri- 
gals and motets, Including some by B. 

BARRflRE, George; contemporary 
French flutist resident in New York. 
Ref.: IV. 205. 

BARRKT, ApQllon Marie Rose 
(1804-1879): d. London; studied at the 
Paris Cons.; performer on oboe and 
writer of a standard text book, 'Com- 
plete Method for the Oboe.' 

BARRETT (1) JoUn (1674-1735): d. 
London; studied with Dr. Blow; Lon- 
don organist and teacher. Composed 
scenic music, overtures and songs. (2) 
William Alexander (1836-1891): b. 
London, d. there; Mus. Bac. Oxon., 
1870; editor of newspapers and musi- 
cal journals, collaborated with Stainer, 
organist, critic, on a 'Dictionary of Mu- 
sical Terms;' wrote on English glee and 
madrigal composers and a life of Balfe 
and composed one oratorio, anthems 
and madrigals. (3) S. A. Ref.: (cited 
on 'Dream Dance') X. 39. 

BARRIE, J. M. Ref.: III. 432. 

BARRINGTON, Dalnes (1727- 
1800) : b. London, d. there ; writer of 
musical essays; published 'Experiments 
and Observations on the Singing of 
Birds' (London, 1773) ; described the 
crwth and pib-corn of early Wales. 

BARRY (1) Marie, Comtesse du: 
court favorite of Louis XV.; opponent 
of Gluck. Ref.: IL 33. (2) CbarlcN 
Alnslle (1830-1915) : b. London, d. 
there; studied with Walmisley and at 
the Cons, of Cologne and Leipzig; 
editor of the 'Monthly Musical Record'; 
composed hymns, songs, piano pieces, 
2 overtures, a symphony, a string quar- 
tet, cantatas, etc. 

BARSANTI, Francesco (ca. 1690- 
after 1750): b. Lucca, d. London(?); 
performer on flute, oboe and viola ; pub- 
lished a collection of old Scots Tunes 
for 'cello and harpsichord with bass; 
composed 12 violin concertos, 6 anti- 
phones, 6 sonatas for 2 violins with 
bass. 

BARSOTTI, Tommaso Gasparo 
Fortonato (1786-1868) : b. Florence, 
d. Marseilles; founder and director of 
the Free School of Music; published 
a Methode (1828), piano pieces and 
vocal nocturnes, also a Domine salvum 
fac regem. 

BARTAY (1) Andreas (1798-1856) : 
b. Sz^plak, Hungary, d. Mayence; di- 
rector of National Theatre at Budapest; 
concert performer in Paris and Ham- 
burg; composed 3 operas, an oratorio, 
masses, ballets, etc. (2) Ede (1825- 
1901) : son of Andreas (l) ; b. Buda- 
pest, d. there; directed the National 
Musical Academy; composed an over- 
ture, etc. 



Bartmuss 

BARTH (1) Christian Samuel 

(1735-1809) : b. Glauchau, Saxony, d. 
Copenhagen; studied with J. S. Bach at 
the Thomasschule ; oboist in orchestras 
at Rudolstadt, Weimar, Hanover, Cas- 
sel and Copenhagen; composed oboe 
pieces. (2) F. Philipp Karl Anton 
(1773-[7]): b. Cassel, son of C. S. 
(1 ) ; composer of concerto for flute and 
of collections of Danish and German 
songs. (3) Joseph Johann August 
(1781-[?]): b. Grosslippen, Bohemia; 
concert tenor and member of the Im- 
perial choir at Vienna. (4) Gustav 
(1811-1897) : b. Vienna d. Frankfort; 
son of Joseph; pianist; conductor of 
the Men's Choral Union of Vienna and 
at the Wiesbaden court; teacher and 
critic in Frankfort; composer of songs 
and men's choruses. (5) Karl Helnrich 
(1847- ): b. Pillau, Prussia; studied 
with L. Steinmann, Billow, Bronsart, 
Taussig; concert pianist in England 
and Germany; teacher at Stern Cons, 
and the Berlin Royal High School; 
member of a highly esteemed trio (with 
de Ahna and Hausmann) ; conductor 
of the Hamburg Philharmonic Concerts 
as successor to Bijlow. (6) Richard: 
contemporary (left-handed) violin vir- 
tuoso; Musikdirektor at Marburg Univ., 
conductor of Hamburg Philharmonic 
till 1904, also choral societies, and di- 
rector of Hamburg Cons, from 1908. 
He pub. 2 violin sonatas, a trio, a 
string quartet, a partita and a chaconne 
for violin alone. (7) and (8), See 
Addenda. 

BARTHE, Grat-lVorbert (1828- 
[?]): b. Bayonne, France; winner of 
the Grand prix de Rome at the Con- 
servatoire; composed 2 operas, an ora- 
torio, a cantata, etc. 

BARTHEIi, Johann Christian 
(1776-1831): b. Plauen, Saxony, d. Al- 
tenburg; court organist at Altenburg; 
composed church and piano music. 

BARTHe:L«MON, Franeols-Hlppo- 
lyte (1741-1808) : b. Bordeaux, d. Dub- 
lin; violinist, opera conductor in Lon- 
don and Dublin; composed violin con- 
certos, 6 string quartets, 6 operas, etc. 
Ref.: Vn. 410. 

BARTHOLOMEW, WUliam (1793- 
1867): b. London, d. there; translator 
into English of French, German and 
Greek opera libretti. {Antigone, Lore- 
ley, Jessonda, etc.) Ref.: VI. 179, 284. 

BARTIiEMAN. Anglicized spelling 
of Barthelemon (q.v.). 

BARTLETT (1) J. (17th cent.) : 
English composer. (2) Homer New- 
ton (1846- ): b. Olive, N. Y.; in- 
fant prodigy; studied with Mills, 
Braun, Jacobsen, etc.; New York 
church organist; published a sextet for 
strings and flute, quartets, anthems, 
carols for mixed voices, 30 songs and 
about 600 works for the piano. Ref.: 
IV. 383f; VI. 499; musical ex., XIV. 
201. 

BARTMUSS, Richard (1859-1910): 
b. Bitterfeld, d. Dessau; organist and 



31 



Bartnansky 

composer; studied in Berlin with Grell, 
Haupt and Loschhom; court organist 
at Dessau; Royal Prussian professor, 
1892, and Royal Musikdirektor, 1896; 
composed Kirchliche Festmuslken for 
organ, 2 organ concertos, 4 organ so- 
natas, 2 choral fantasias, an oratorio, 
cantatas, motets, choruses, songs, etc.; 
Liturgische Vespern, a contribution to 
the reform of the Lutheran musical 
service. 

BARTNANSKY. See Bortnianski. 

BARTOK, B61a (1881- ) : b. Nagy 
Szent Mikl6s, Hungary; composer; 
studied at the Academy of Music in 
Pesth; teacher of piano there since 
1906; composer of piano works, a piano 
quintet, a rhapsody with orchestra; 
has collected Hungarian, Slavic and 
Roumanian folk-songs; editor of musi- 
cal classics. Ret.: HI. xxi, 198; mus. 
ex., XIV. 157. 

BARTOIil (1) Padre EJrasmo 
(1606-1656): b. Gaeta, d. Naples; com- 
posed masses, psalms and motets pre- 
served in manuscript under his title 
of 'Padre Raimo.' (2) Danlelo (1608- 
1685) : b. Ferrara, d. Rome; learned 
Jesuit; author of a work on acoustics 
(1679). 

BARTOIilNI (1) V. Italian male 
soprano in London, 1782. (2) Or' in 
Dto (17th cent.) Cathedral conductor at 
Udine, wrote motets, madrigals, can- 

ZODCtS etc 

BARToiiO, Padre Daniele (1608- 
1685) : b. Ferrara, d. Rome; Jesuit 
theorist; wrote on sound and harmony 
(work pub. in Rome 1679-81 and at 
Bologna, 1680). 

BASEIiT, Fritz (Frledrlch Gastav 
Otto) (1863- ); b. ols, Silesia; stud- 
ied with Kohler and Bussler; musician, 
music-dealer and conductor in Breslau, 
Essen and Nuremberg, where he taught 
and composed; director (since 1894) 
of musical societies in Frankfort. His 
compositions include five operettas, 
two comic, operas, two ballets. He 
also wrote more than one hundred 
popular male choruses, works for or- 
chestra, strings, violin and piano, ar- 
rangements an 1 transcriptions, songs, 
duets etc. etc. 

BASEVr, Abvamo (1818-1885) : b. 
Leghorn, a. Florence; composed 2 op- 
eras, indifferently successful; aban- 
doned composition for criticism and 
founded a musical journal (1848?), also 
the 'Beethoven Matinees' ; published a 
study of Verdi's operas, 2 books on 
harmony and an abridged musical his- 
tory (1865-6). 

[St.] BASIL the Great (329-379) : b. 
Caesarea, Cappadocia, d. there; Bishop 
to whom is attributed the introduction 
of the autiphonary into the Eastern 
Church. Ref.: I. 140. 

BASILI, Francesco (1766-1850) : 
b. Loreto, d. Rome; studied with his 
father Andrea and with Jannaconi; 
maestro di cappella in Italian cities; 
1827 censor at Milan Cons.; 1837 



Bastiaans 

maestro at St. Peter's, Rome; prod. 11 
operas, also dramatic oratorios (Rome, 
Milan, Florence, Naples, Venice) ; com- 
poser of symphonies, piano sonatas, 
and church music (psalms, motets, a 
Magnificat, a Miserere, etc.). 

BASIRON, Philippe (ca. 1500): 
Netherland composer of motets and 
masses (one each printed by Petrucci, 
others in MS.), also MS. chansons. 

BASSANI (1) Giovanni (16th cent.) : 
singer (1585) and singing teacher 
(1595) at the seminary, concert-master 
of St. Mark's (1615), at Venice; instru- 
mental composer; published Fantasia 
for 3 voices (1585), flicercore, Passaglie 
e Cadentie (1585) ; Motetti, Madrigali e 
Canzoni francese di diversi (1591), Mo- 
tetti per concern ecclesiastici (2 vols.) 
and Canzonette (1 vol.). (2) Geronimo 
(late 17th cent.): native of Padua; 
studied with Lotti; contrapuntist, sing- 
er, teacher, composer of masses, motets, 
and 2 operas (prod., Venice, 1718 and 
1721). (3) Giovanni Battista (1657- 
1716); b. Padua, d. Bergamo; pupil of 
Castrovillari (Venice) ; organist (later 
chapel-master) of Accademia della 
morte, Ferrara; principe of the Ac- 
cademia fllarmonica, Bologna, 1682-3. 
He is supposed to be Corelli's teacher, 
and at any rate foreshadows the lat- 
ter's style in his Balletti, Concerti, 
Gighe e Sarabande (1677), his violin 
sonatas (with figured bass), his 12 
Sonate da chiesa for 2 vlns. and fig- 
ured bass (1683), etc., etc. B. is also 
distinguished for his vocal composi- 
tions (a great number of solo cantatas 
with figured bass, etc.), and he wrote 
3 operas, oratorios, masses and other 
sacred works. Ref.: V. 160; VI. 109, 
425; Vn. 389f, 480; IX. 53. 

BASSANO, Italian painter. Ref.: 
I. 327f. 

BASSBLINI, Oliver. Ref.: IX. 69. 

BASSFORD, William Kipp (1839- 
1902) : b. New York, d. there; studied 
with S. Jackson; concert pianist in 
U. S. ; organist in New York City and 
Orange, N. J.; teacher and composer 
of one opera, a mass, pieces for the 
piano, songs, etc. 

BASSI (1) Lnigl (1766-1825): b. 
Pesaro, d. Dresden; operatic baritone 
in Italy, Prague, Vienna; director of 
Dresden opera; created Don Giovanni. 
(2) Amadeo Vlttorio (1876- ) : 
operatic tenor; b. Florence; studied 
with Pavese Negri in Florence and 
made his debut there as the Duke in 
Rigoletto, 1889; sang in principal cities 
of Italy and South America; Covent 
Garden, 1907; Manhattan Opera House, 
New York, 1906-08; Chicago Opera Co., 
1910-12; repertoire of over 50 operas 
(chiefly Italian). 

BASSIRON, FhUippe. See Basiron. 

BASTARDBLLA, La. See Agujahi. 

BASTIAATfS (1) J. G. (1812-1875) : 
b. Wilp, d. Haarlem; studied with 
Schneider and Mendelssohn, church or- 
ganist and teacher in Amsterdam and 



32 



Baston 

Haarlem. (2) Johann (1854-1885) : son 
and successor of J. G. <1) ; wrote a 
book of chorales, songs, etc. 

BASTON, Josquln (middle 16th 
cent.) : Netherlander, court composer, 
1552-3, to Slgimund August in Cracow; 
wrote motets, chansons, etc., printed at 
Antwerp, Louvain, and Augsburg. 

BATCHELDER, John C. (1852-) : 
b. Topsham, Vt. ; teacher; studied in 
Berlin (Haupt, Ehrlich, Loeschhorn) ; 
organist in Detroit, where he also 
teaches the organ and piano at a con- 
servatory. 

BATES (1) Joah (1741-1799): b. 
Halifax, d. London; conductor of the 
famous London festivals for the Han- 
del Commemoration given in 1784-5-6- 
7, '91, and one of the founders of the 
'Concerts of Ancient Music' (2) Wil- 
liam (1720-1790?): London composer; 
prod, comic operas, opera 'Pharuaces,' 
a musical prelude, canons, violin sona- 
tas, glees, catches, etc. (3) Arlo. Ref.: 
VI. 222. 

BATESON, Thomas (ca. 1575-1630) : 
cathedral organist in Chester and Dub- 
lin; published 3 sets of madrigals. 

BATHYL,L,US, Roman dancer. Ref.: 
X. 73, 741. 

BATISTE (1) Antolne £doaard 
(1820-1876): b. Paris, d. there; church 
organist ; studied and taught at the Con- 
servatoire; composed music for organ, 
piano and voice; edited the 12 vol. 
edition of Solfiges du Conservatoire; 
wrote a Petit Solfige harmonique. 
Ref.: VI. 467f. (2) See also Baptiste. 

BATKA, Richard (1868- ) : b. 
Prague; writer and editor; editor, with 
Telbler, of the Neue musikalische Rund- 
schau, 1896-98, and music critic of the 
Neue Revue and the Prager Tageblatt; 
founded the Durerbund, 1903-08; musi- 
cal editor since 1908 of the Wiener 
Fremdenblatt and lecturer on the his- 
tory of music at the Akademie der 
Tonkunst; also editor since 1897 of the 
KunstwoTt and since 1909 (with R. 
Specht) of Der Merker; author of biog- 
raphies of Bach and Schumann, Aus 
der Masik- und Theaterwelt (1894), 
Martin PlUddemann: Eine kritische 
Studie (1896), Die Musik der Griechen 
(1900), Die Mehrstimmige Kunstmusik 
des Mittelatters (1901), Die Lieder Mil- 
lichs von Prag (1905), Die Musik in Boh- 
men (1906), Geschichte der Musik in 
Bohmen (1906-), Allgemeine Geschichte 
der Musik (2 vols., 1909-11), Richard 
Wagner (1912) ; author of librettos for 
Leo Blech and other German opera com- 
posers; editor of Bunte Bilhne (1902 
et seq.), Mozarts Gesammelte Poesien 
(1906) and Hausmusik (1907) ; con- 
tributor of analytical essays to Schle- 
singer's MusikfUhrer. 

BATON (1) Henri (1710-[?]) : b. 
Paris; player of the musette. (2) 
Charles ('Baton le jeune') : player of 
the vielle, composer for musette and 
vielle; wrote Mimoire sur la vielle en 
D la ri. 



33 



Battu 

BATTA (1) Pierre (1795-1876): b. 
Maastricht, d. Brussels; 'cellist, teacher 
of solffege at Brussels Cons. (2) Alex- 
andre (1816-1902) : studied with Platel 
in Brussels Cons. ; concert 'cellist of 
European reputation; wrote transcrip- 
tion for 'cello accompanied by piano. 
(3) Jean-Laurent (1817-1880) : b. 
Maastricht, d. Nancy; won 1st prize 
at Brussels Cons.; piano teacher in 
Paris and Nancy. (4) Joseph (1824-) : 
b. Maastricht; 'cellist; winner of 2nd 
grand prix, Brussels Cons.; 'cellist in 
Paris Opira Comique; composed sym- 
phonies, contatas, overtures, etc. 

BATTAlIiLE, Charles Aimable 
(1822-1872): b. Nantes, d. Paris; dra- 
matic bass (1848-57) at the Paris Opira 
Comique; in 1851 professor of singing 
at the Conservatoire; author of exten- 
sive vocal method. 

BATTANCHON, F61ix (1814-1893): 
b. Paris, d. there; studied at the Con- 
servatoire; 'cellist at Paris Op^ra; 
inventor of diminutive 'cello, called 
*baryton,' which met with no success. 

BATTELL, Robhins: founder of the 
music professorship in Yale Univ. 
Ref.: TV. 224. 

BATTEN (1) Adrian (ca. 1585-1637) : 
vicar choral of Westminster, vicar 
choral and organist of St. Paul's, Lon- 
don; composer of church services and 
anthems, etc. (2) Robert, English 
song- writer. Ref.: in. 443. 

BATTISHILL, Jonathan (1738- 
1801); b. London, d. Islington; chor- 
ister at St. Paul's, deputy-organist at 
Chapel Royal; church organist in Lon- 
don and conductor there at Covent 
Garden; composed one opera, one pan- 
tomime, glees, catches, anthems, songs, 
etc. Ref.: VI. 472. 

BATTISTA, Vincenzo (1823-1873) : 
h. Naples, d. there; studied at Naples 
Cons.; operatic composer with ephem- 
eral fame in Naples, where he prod. 11 
of his thirteen operas. 

BATTISTINI, Mattla (1857- ) : 

b. Bome [?]; operatic baritone, has sung 
throughout Italy, in Spain, Portugal, 
London, Berlin, St. Petersburg, etc. 

BATTMANN, Jacques L<ouis (1818- 
1886) : b. Maasmiinster, Alsace, d. 
Dijon; organist at Belfort and Vesoul; 
composed etudes for piano and for 
organ, choral works, masses, motets ; 
wrote a 'method' for harmonium (for 
which he also composed), a piano 
method and a brochure on harmony. 

BATTON, Desire Alexandre (1797- 
1855): b. Paris, d. there; studied with 
Cherubini at the Conservatoire, where 
he took the grand prix de Rome, 1816, 
with a cantata; composer of indifferent 
operas, inspector of branch schools of 
the Conservatoire, where (1849) he con- 
ducted a vocal class. 

BATTU, Pantaieon (1799-1870) ; b. 
Paris, d. there; studied at the Conser- 
vatoire; violinist at the court and at 
the Paris Opera, where he was second 
chef d'orchcstre (1846-1859). He com- 



Baudiot 

posed 2 concertos for the violin, a 
Theme varie for violin with orchestra, 
romances for violin with piano, etc. 

BAUDIOT, Charles Nicolas (1773- 
1849) : b. Nancy, d. Paris ; 'cellist in 
royal orch. ; studied with Janson I'aini 
at the Conservatoire, where he later 
became professor of the 'cello. He 
published chamber music, 2 concertos, 
2 concertinos ; wrote a 'cello method 
and a book on 'cello composition. 

BAUER (1) Harold (1873- ): b. 
London; pianist, studied piano with 
his father and in 1892 with Paderewski, 
violin with Pollitzer; has toured Eu- 
rope and America with great success 
since 1893; contributed to 'The Art of 
Music' (2) Clara: founder of Cincin- 
nati Conservatory, 1867. Ref.: IV. 
250f. 

BXUBRL, Paul. See Pexikl. 

BAUIiDEWUN, also Banlduln, 
Baldewln, Balduln, Bandoln, or Bau- 
douyn, Noel or Natalia ([?]-1529): 
d. Antwerp, where he was maestro di 
cappella. Motets and masses by him 
are extant; two of the former printed 
by Petrucci, 1519. 

BAUMBACH (1) Prledrieli An^nst 
(1753-1813): d. Leipzig; conductor of 
Hamburg opera; composer in Leipzig 
for harpsichord, piano, 'cello, violin, 
guitar, where he contributed to the 
musical section of Karz gefasstes 
Handworterbueh iiber die schonen 
KUnste (1794). (2) Adolph (1830 [?]- 
1880): b. Germany, d. Chicago; settled 
in Boston, 1855, as teacher and com- 
poser; collected solo sacred quartets 
and didactic piano pieces. 

BAUMFEL.DER, Friedrlcb (1836-) t 
b. Dresden; studied with Julius Otto, 
then at Leipzig Cons. ; pianist and com- 
poser of salon music, etudes, suite and 
sonata for the piano. 

BAUMGART, Expedlt Friedricli 
(1817-1871) : b. Glogau, d. Bad Warm- 
brunn; music director of Breslau 
Univ., teacher in Royal Institute for 
Church Music; editor of C. P. E. Bach's 
Clavier-Sonaten, 

BAUMGARTBN (1) GotthiU von 
(1741-1813) : b. Berlin, d. Gross- 
Strehlitz, Silesia; composed 3 operas 
prod, in Breslau. (2) Karl Friedricli 
(ca. 1740-1824): b. Liibeck, d. London; 
was organist at Savoy chapel and con- 
cert-master at Covent Garden; dramatic 
composer, prod. 'Robin Hood' (Lon- 
don, 1786), 'Blue Beard,' pantomime 
(1792), and, with Shields, 'NeUey Ab- 
bey' (1794). 

BAUMGARTNBR (1) August 

(1814-1862): b. Munich, d. there; choir- 
master in Munich; author of mono- 
graphs on 'musical shorthand'; coin- 
poser of an instrumental mass, a 
Requiem, choruses, etc. (2) Wilhcliu, 
or Guillaame (1820-1867) : b. Ror- 
schach, d. Zurich; teacher in St. Gall; 
Musikdirektor in ZUrich Univ. 

BA.UMKER, Wilhelm (1842-1905) : 
b. Elberfeld, d. Rurich; chaplain and 



34 



Beach 

inspector of schools at Niederkriichten ; 
author of a history of the German 
Catholic Church song (4 vols., 1862, 
1883, 1891, 1911 [posth.]), and books 
on Palestrlna, Lasso, German musical 
history, etc., pub. 15th cent. Netherland 
and German sacred melodies. 

BAUSCH (1) liUdwlg Cbrlsttan 
August (1805-1871) : b. Naumberg, d. 
Leipzig; maker of violins and bows; 
worked successively in Dresden, Des- 
sau, Leipzig, Wiesbaden and again 
Leipzig. (2) Ludwlg (1829-1871) : b. 
Dessau, d. Leipzig; son of L. C. A. (1) ; 
lived in New York, then in Leipzig, 
where he worked first alone, then with 
his father. (3) Otto (1841-1874): son 
of L. C. A. and successor to his busi- 
ness. The firm is now in the hands of 
A. Paulus of Markneukirchen. 

BAX, Arnold (1883- ) : b. Lon- 
don, studied at Royal Academy of Mu- 
sic; composer of symphonic poems, two 
works for chorus and orchestra, a bal- 
let, a song cycle, chamber-music, piano 
pieces and songs. Ref.: III. 441. 

BAYER (1) Aloys (1802-1863): b. 
Sulzbach (Upper Palatinate), d. Gra- 
benstadt (on Chiemsee) ; operatic 
tenor; made dfibut in 'Joseph,' Munich 
Hoftheater, where he remained as first 
tenor; also distinguished as lieder 
singer. (2) Josef (1852-1913): Aus- 
trian violinist; 2nd violin at the Vi- 
enna Court Opera, where he became 
ballet conductor (1882). He composed 
numerous operettas, ballets, panto- 
mimes, etc., prod, in Munich, Briinn, 
Hanover, Berlin and Vienna. 

BAZIN, Francois-emannel-JosepIt 
(1816-1878): b. Marseilles, d. Paris; 
winner of the prix de Rome (1840) at 
the Conservatoire; professor of singing 
(1844), harmony and composition 
(1871) at Paris Cons.; member of the 
Academic, 1872; composed 9 operas and 
wrote a practical and theoretical har- 
mony. 

BAZZINI (1) (Bazzlno), Natale 
([?]-1639): composer of masses, mo- 
tets, psalms. (2) (Bazzlno), Fran- 
cesco Maria (1593-1660) : b. Lovero, d. 
Bergamo; brother of (1); composer for 
the theorbo, on which he was a virtu- 
oso. He also wrote an oratorio, can- 
zonette, etc. (3) Antonio (1818-1897): 
b. Brescia, d. Milan; violinist; studied 
with Faustino Camisoni (Milan) ; 
played before Paganini, 1836, and upon 
the latter's advice travelled to Ger- 
many, where he came to admire Ger- 
man music, esp. Bach and Beethoven; 
toured Spain, Italy and France, settled 
in Paris, later in Brescia as composer. 
Became professor and director (18*2) 
of Milan Cons. Composed a symphonic 
poem, overtures to 'Lear' and Alfleri's 
'Saul,' a cantata, a symphonic cantata, 
5 quartets and one string quintet, con- 
certos for violin and orchestra, etc, 
Ref.: II. 503 (footnote). 

BEACH (l) Mrs. H. H. A., nde Amy 
Marcy Cbeney (1867- ) : b. Henniker, 



Beale 

N. H., pianist, pupil of E. Perabo, com- 
poser of a 'Gaelic' symphony, 2 piano 
concertos, violin concerto, violin so- 
nata, piano pieces, many songs, etc., 
also mass, large choral works with 
orchestra ('Chambered Nautilus,' etc.) 
and considerable church music. Ref.: 
TV. 342; VI. 222; VII. 340. (2) John 
(1877- ): b. Gloversville, N. Y.; 
American composer. Ref.: IV. 390f. 

BBALE: (1) William (1784-1854): b. 
Landrake, Cornwall, d. London; stud- 
ied with Arnold and Cooke; composer 
of glees and madrigals, London music 
teacher. (2) Thomas WUlert (1828-) : 
b. London; composer; gave up law for 
the study of music; joint founder of 
the New Philharmonic; composed 2 
operettas, part-songs and piano music. 
(3) Frederick Fleming (1876- ) : 
b. Troy, Kans. ; teacher and composer. 
Ref.: TV. 401. 

BBATOSr, Isabellc (1870- ) : b. 
Grinnell, Iowa; pianist; studied at 
Iowa Cons., and with Emma Koch, 
Moszkowski, and Boise in Berlin and 
Paris; history of music with Beller- 
mann and Friedlander at Univ. of Ber- 
lin; instructor of piano at Iowa Col- 
lege, 1892-93, in Berlin, 1893-97 ;_ taught 
piano, history and composition at 
Cleveland School of Music; established 
the Beaton School of Music; composer 
of a string quartet, a scherzo for or- 
chestra, piano pieces, songs, etc. 

BEATJCHAMPS, Pierre-Frangols- 
Godard de (1689-1761): b. Paris, d. 
there; author of 2 books on the French 
stage, partly of musical interest. 

BEAUGRAND, Leontlne, ballerina. 
Ref.: X. 159f. 

BEATJJOYEUIiX (or Baltazarini), 
(16th cent.): Italian violinist; inten- 
dant of music and valet de chantbre 
at the court of Catherine de' Medicis; 
first to introduce Italian dances and 
establish ballet in Paris; MSS. of his 
ballets are in the Bibliothique Ra- 
tionale. Ref.: I. 401ff; VII. 376f; IX. 
4; mus. ex., XIIL 49. 

BEATJLiIBU (correct name, Martin), 
Marie DeslrC- Sieur de (1791-1863) : b. 
Paris, d. Niort; founder of the Paris 
Society for Classical Music, patron of 
the 'Musical Association of the West.' 
His compositions were varied and nu- 
merous — ^masses, hymns, orchestral 
works, violin fantasias, 2 operas, 2 
lyric scenes, 3 oratorios, songs, etc. 
He published 5 books on rhythm, 
church music, origin of music, etc. 

BEAUMABCHAIS, Pierre Angus- 
tin Caron de (1732-1799) : b. Paris, d. 
there; dramatist; wrote Le Barbier de 
Siville, and Mariage de Figaro, sources 
of librettos for Rossini and Mozart. 
Ref.: II. 182; IX. 88, 139. 

BEAUaviER, Charles (ca. 1830-) : 
music critic, librettist of Lalo's 
Fiesque, author of books on musical 
subjects; and of articles for the Revue 
et Gazette Musicale. 

BElAZIiBY, James Charles (1850-) : 



Beck 

b. Ryde, Isle of Wight; composer; stud- 
ied at Royal Academy of Music, Lon- 
don; his compositions include cantatas, 
songs, part-songs, pieces tor violin and 
piano and for piano solo, etc.; au- 
thor of 'Aids to the Violinist: A Short 
Treatise in Reference to Bow-marks.' 

BECCARI, Liuls. Ref.: I. 328. 

BBCCATELIil, Giovanni ([?]-1734): 
conductor at Prato; Florentine writer 
of musical papers. 

BECHER (1) Alfred Julius (1803- 
1848) : b. Manchester, d. Vienna : stud- 
ied in Berlin and Heidelberg, teacher 
of harmony at the London Royal 
Academy; edited in Vienna Der Radi- 
kale, a revolutionary paper, and was 
executed by order of the government. 
He composed string quartets, a sym- 
phony, songs and pianoforte composi- 
tions ; wrote a biography of Jenny Lind 
(1846), etc. (2) Joseph (1821-1888): 
b. Neukirchen, Bavaria, d. Mintraching; 
composed a great deal of church music, 
including more than sixty masses. 

BECHGAARD, Julius (1843- ) : 
b. Copenhagen; composer; studied at 
Leipzig Cons, and with Gade at Co- 
penhagen; composed the operas Frode 
(1894) and Frau Inge (1894), both pro- 
duced at Prague, a concert overture for 
orchestra, 2 cycles for baritone solo 
with piano, piano pieces, part-songs, 
songs for solo, etc. 

BECHSTEIN, [Friedrich Wllhelm] 
Karl (1826-1900) : b. Gotha, d. Ber- 
lin; piano-maker; worked in German 
factories and with Pape and Krilgel- 
stein in London; established his own 
factory in Berlin, 1856, now one of the 
largest in Europe. 

BECK (1) David (late 16th cent.) : 
organ builder at Halberstadt, Ger- 
many, ca. 1590; built the organs at 
Grilningen and in St. Martin's Church, 
Halberstadt. (2) Franz (1730-1809): 
b. Mannheim, d. Bordeaux; violinist, 
favorite of the Prince Palatine; a fatal 
duel caused his flight to Paris, whence 
he went to Bordeaux in 1777 and be- 
came concert conductor in 1780. Of 
his compositions 19 symphonies, 2 
divertlmenti and piano pieces are pre- 
served. Ref.: VIII. 145. (3) Hans; 
Danish ballet dancer. Ref.: X. 164. 
(4) Johann Heinrich (1856- ) : b. 
Cleveland, O.; conductor; studied with 
Reinecke, Jadassohn, A. Richter, Paul, 
Hermann and Schradieck at Leipzig 
Cons.; founded Schubert String Quar- 
tet, Cleveland; conductor of the De- 
troit Symphony Orchestra since 1895 
and of Cleveland Symphony Orchestra 
from 1899; also director of Pilgrim 
Orchestral Club, 1904-10, and Elyria 
Orchestra, 1905-07; examiner for vio- 
lin at the American College of Musi- 
cians; composer of a string quartet, 
a string sextet, a cantata, works for 
orchestra, songs, etc. (5) Johann Bap- 
tist (1881- ): b. Gebweiler, Alsace; 
organ pupil of Brumpt; edited Die 
Melodien der Troubadours (1908), com- 



35 



Becke 

piled from all extant MSS., with a study 
of the development of notation, etc.; 
author of La musique des Troubadours ; 
ilude critique, illustree de douze re- 
productions hors texte (1910), Der Takt 
in den Musikaufzeichnungen des XII. 
u. XIII. Jahrh. in the Riemann Fest- 
schrift. 

BE}CKB, Johnnn Baptist (1743- 
[?]) : b. Nuremberg; flutist at the court 
at Munich and composer of concertos 
for the flute. 

BECKEIi, James Cox (1811-[?]) : 
b. Philadelphia; organist in Lancaster 
and Philadelphia; music publisher, 
managing editor of 'The Musical Clip- 
per' and composer of several cantatas, 
piano compositions, etc. 

BSCKBR (1) Dledrlch (d. 1679) : 
composed Sonaten filr eine Violine, eine 
Viola di Gamba, und Generalbass iiber 
Chorallieder (Hamburg, 1668), and 
Musikalische PriihlingsfrHchte (instr. 
pieces, 3-5 parts and continuo). Ref.: 
I. 373; VII. 473. (2) Johann (1726- 
1803): b. Helsa, n. Kassel; court or- 
ganist at Kassel. Pub. a book of 
chorales. (3) Karl Ferdinand (1804- 
1877) : b. Leipzig, d. there; organist at 
St. Peter's, Leipzig (1825), St. Nicholas' 
(1837) ; organ-teacher at the Conser- 
vatory (1843) ; revised Forkel's Sgste- 
matisch-chronologische Darstellung d. 
Musiklitteratur (1836; suppl. 1839); 
wrote Die Hausmusik in Deutschlana 
im 16., 17. u. 18. Jahrh. (1840), Die 
Tonwerke des 16. u. 17. Jahrh., etc.; 
composed piano and organ pieces, and 
choral works ; gave his library, con- 
taining valuable theoretical works, to 
the city of Leipzig (Beckers Stiftung). 
(4) Konstantln Julius (1811-1859) : b. 
Freiberg, Saxony, d. Oberlossnitz; pu- 
pil of Anacker (singing) and Karl Ferd. 
Becker (comp.) ; editor of the Neue 
Zeitschrift f. Musik, 1837-46; also 
teacher in Dresden; composed an opera, 
ErstUrmung von Relgrad (Leipzig, 
1848), a symphony, a rhapsody, duets, 
songs, etc. ; wrote a Mdnnergesangschule 
(1845), and Harmonielehre fiir Dilet- 
tanten (1844). (5) Valentin Sduard 
(1814-90): b. Wiirzburg, d. Vienna; 
composed popular male choruses, 2 op- 
eras, masses, and instrumental works. 
(6) Georg (1834- ) : b. Franken- 
thal. Palatinate ; pianist, composer and 
writer; pupil of Kuhn and Prudent; has 
written works on musical history; ed- 
itor of the Questionnaire de VAssocia- 
tion inter nationale des Musiciens- 
£crivalns; also composed songs. (7) 
Jean (1833-84) : b. Mannheim, d. 
there; violinist pupil of Kettenus, and 
Vincenz Lachner; leader in Mannheim 
orch. ; made concert-tours; settled 
(1866) in Florence, and established the 
Florentine Quartet, dissolved in 1880; 
later made successful tours with his 
children; Jeanne (pianist), Hans (vio- 
linist) and Hugo (cellist). (8) Albert 
Ernst Anton (1834-99) : b. Quedlin- 
burg, d. Berlin; studied at Quedlin- 



Beecham 

burg under Bonicke, and at Berlin un- 
der Dehn (1853-6) ; teacher of composi- 
tion at Scharwenka's Conservatory, 
1881; conductor of Berlin cathedral 
choir; composed a symphony, grand 
mass, oratorio, sacred cantata, opera, 
songs, miscellaneous works for organ, 
orchestra and voice. Ref.: III. 212. 
(9) Reinboia (1842- ) : b. Adorf ; 
violinist and composer; has composed 
operas, Frauenlob (Dresden, 1892) and 
Rathbold (Mayence, 1896; 1 act), sym- 
phonic poem, many large male cho- 
ruses, 2 violin concertos, a symphony, 
a string quartet, a violin sonata, and 
many popular songs. (10) Karl 
(1853- ): b. Kirrweiler, n. Trier; 
music-teacher; has pub. the Rheinischer 
Volksliederborn (1892), and school 
song-books. (11) Rene (1882- ) : 
American organist and composer. Ref.: 
IV. 501. 

[fl] BBOKET, Thomas (19th cent.) : 
English actor, author of words and 
music of 'Columbia the Gem of the 
Ocean' (Phila., 1843). 

BECKMANN, Jobann Frledrich 
Gottlieb (1737-1792): d. at Celle; or- 
ganist, performer on the harpsichord, 
and composer of sonatas, concertos and 
solos for clavier, and one opera pro- 
duced in Hamburg, 1782. 

BECKWITH, John Christmas 
(1750-1809): b. Norwich, d. there; 
studied with P. Hayes; Mus. Bac. and 
Mus. Doc, Oxon; organist at the Nor- 
wich Cathedral and in Mancroft; com- 
poser of anthems, glees, songs, etc., and 
concertos for the organ. He pub. in 
London, 1808, 'The first verse of every 
psalm of David with an ancient or 
modern chant in score, etc' Ref.: VI. 
472. 

BECtlUIfi (1) Jean-Harie (1797- 
1876): b. Toulouse, d. Paris; brother 
of A. (2) ; violinist who studied 
with Rodolphe Kreutzer at the Con- 
servatoire and performed in the Thea- 
tre Italien Orchestra; composed a vio- 
lin and pianoforte fantasia, and other 
pieces for strings, etc. (2) A. (ca. 1800- 
1825): b. Toulouse, d. Paris; flutist, 
who studied at the Conservatoire and 
was a member of the orchestra at the 
Opera Comique; composer of fantasias, 
rondeaus, etc., for the flute and a 
Grande fantaiste et variations for or- 
chestra and flute. 

BECVAftOVSKY, Anton Pellx 
(1754-1823) : b. Jungbunzlau, Bohemia, 
a. Berlin ; organist in Prague, Bruns- 
wick, Bamberg and Berlin; composed 
concertos and sonatas for the piano, 
and songs with piano accompaniment. 

BEDFORD, Mrs. H. See Lehmann, 
Liza. 

BEECHAM, Godfrey Thomas 
(1879- ): b. near Liverpool; English 
Impresario and conductor; first con- 
ducted a private orchestra and later 
a travelling opera company; established 
the New Symphony Orchestra, Lon- 
don, 1906, and Beecham Symphony Or- 



Beecke 

chestra, 1908; conductor London Phil- 
harmonic Society, 1916- ; has given no- 
table seasons of opera in London since 
1910. Ref.: III. 422, 424, 443. 

BBBGKE: (Becke),Ignazvon (1733- 
1803): b. Wimpfen Im Tal, d. Waller- 
stein; army oilieer, pensioned as major 
in 1792. He was an able pianist, 
friend of Gluck, Jommelli and Mozart; 
composed 10 piano sonatas, one for 3 
pianos, other piano pieces, piano trio, 
6 8-part symphonies, quartets with 
flute, 3 Singspiele, an oratorio, cantatas, 
and songs. 

BEER (1) Josef (1744-1811): b. 
Grilnwald, Bohemia, d. Potsdam; cham- 
ber musician, clarinettist and improver 
of his instrument by the addition of 
a fifth key. His compositions consist 
of concertos, duets, etc., for the clarinet. 
(2) Jacob Liiebmann. Birth name of 
GiACOMO Meyekbeer (q. v.). (3) Jnles 
(1833- ) : nephew to Meyerbeer, Pa- 
risian musical dilettante; composer of 
five comic operas. (4) Max Josef 
(1851- ): b. Vienna; studied with 
Dessoff; pianist and composer of four 
operas, an operetta, a cantata, a suite 
and lyric pieces for the piano. 

BBER-WALBRUNN, Anton (1864-) : 
b. Kohiberg, Upper Palatinate; stud- 
ied with Rheinberger, Bussmeyer and 
Abel at the Akademie der Tonkunst, 
Munich; instructor of piano and com- 
position there since 1901 (prof, since 
1908). His works include the operas 
Siiline (1894), Don Quixote (1908) and 
Das Ungeheuer; a piano quartet, a 
string quartet, a sonata for 'cello and 
piano, an organ sonata, a sonata for 
violin and piano, a symphony and 
other orchestral works, choruses, with 
and without orchestra, songs with or- 
chestra and with piano, etc, 

BEETH, tola (1864- ) : b. Cra- 
cow; studied with Fran Dustmann, 
Mme. Viardot-Garcia, D^sir^e Artot; 
operatic soprano at the Berlin Court 
Opera, at the Vienna Court Theatre, at 
the Paris Opira, at New York, Monte 
Carlo and Budapest. 

BEETHOVEN, liudwls van (1770- 
1827) : b. Bonn, d. Vienna. He was the 
son of Johann van B. (ca. 1740-1792), 
a tenor singer in the Ducal chapel at 
Bonn, and grandson of Ludwig van B. 
(1718-73), a native of Antwerp, church 
singer in Louvain (1731), in Bonn 
(1733), and later (1761) Ducal Kapell- 
meister in Bonn (1761). Ludwig was 
taught first by his father, then by the 
oboist Pfeiffer, later by the court or- 
ganist van den Eeden (q. v.) and finally 
the latter's successor (Christian Gottlieb 
Neefe; His first employment was at the 
age of 13 as cembalist in the Ducal 
chapel, and his improvisational powers 
already then aroused attention. His 
general education, far from complete, 
was supplemented by intercourse with 
educated musicians (Reicha, the Rom- 
bergs, etc.), and cultured families such 
as the Breunings, in which he was at 



Beethoven 

first employed as piano teacher. He 
was sent, by advice of his teacher 
Neefe, to Vienna to study with Mozart, 
but returned shortly because of his 
mother's death. At home he now came 
under the patronage of Count Wald- 
stein, an accomplished amateur. This 
secured him acceptance in the best 
houses of the nobility of Vienna, when 
he returned thither in 1792, to remain 
for tlie rest of his life. Haydn was 
now to become his teacher (since Mo- 
zart had died), but their association 
was hardly successful. Secretly B. 
studied with Johann Schenk (q. v.), 
and after Haydn's second departure 
for London (1794) he studied counter- 
point with Albrechtsherger. Besides, 
during 1792-1802, Salieri was probably 
B.'s preceptor in dramatic composi- 
tion. B. had arrived in Vienna with 
numerous manuscripts completed in 
Bonn and, adding to these in Vienna, he 
published an extraordinary number of 
compositions during his first Vienna 
decade. In these the influence of the 
Mannheim school is easily recognized, 
though the stamp of individuality is 
everywhere present. His chief occu- 
pation during this time was as pianist 
in the houses of noble patrons and his 
genius as virtuoso and improvisator 
secured him exceptional treatment 
everywhere. During 1794-96 he lived 
in the house of Prince Lichnowsky, 
and in 1809 he was a companion in the 
house of Countess Erdody. He was 
an intimate friend also of Count Franz 
von Brunswick and his sister Therese 
(now generally considered to be the 
'immortal beloved' of B.'s letter), and 
Ignaz von Gleichensteln, and was on 
terms of close acquaintanceship with 
Count Moritz Lichnowsky, his brother, 
court-secretary Nikolaus von Zmeskall, 
and the musicians Ignaz Schuppanzigh, 
E. A. Forster and Ferdinand Ries 
(formerly of Bonn), whom B. taught 
during 1801-9. Stephan von Breuning 
and B.'s two brothers also removed 
to Vienna. B. was fairly prosperous, 
his compositions were well paid, and 
he received 600 florins annually from 
Count Lichnowsky. Archduke Rudolph 
of Austria, Prince Lobkowitz and Prince 
Kinsky combined in guaranteeing him 
an income of 4000 florins in order to 
keep him in Vienna when he threat- 
ened to accept a post in Cassel (1809). 
In spite of all this patronage B.'s in- 
dependence and arrogant democracy are 
notorious. The death of B.'s brother 
Karl saddled upon him the responsi- 
bility of his nephew Karl, whose vaga- 
ries and ingratitude were the cause 
of much of the master's griefs. The 
most serious trouble, however, was the 
tragic circumstance of his deafness, 
symptoms of which began in 1800 and 
which became total by 1819. B.'s last 
and greatest works were therefore 
created with reliance only upon his 
marvellous mental hearing; his physi- 



37 



Beethoven 

cal ears never perceived them. Among 
the trusted friends of tills sad period 
were Franz Oliva (1809-19), Anton 
Scliindler (q. v.) and Karl Holz (q. v.). 
In 1825 chronic liver trouble added 
to his misery, and a severe cold con- 
tracted In 1826 resulted in pneumonia 
and pleurisy. Four operations were 
made, but were without success. He 
died Mar. 26, 1827, in the late afternoon. 
B., generally esteemed the greatest 
master of instrumental music and one 
of the greatest figures in musical his- 
tory, is especially noted as the culmi- 
nator of the ideal of classic beauty and 
the inaugurator of romanticism through 
the introduction into his works of an 
intense subjectivity. His works may 
be summarized briefly as follows: 

Orchestral (incl. concertos) : 9 sym- 
phonies (No. 1, C maj., op. 21; No. 2; 
D maj., op. 36; No. 3, E maj., 'Eroica,' 
op. 55; No. 4, B-flat maj., op. 60; No. 
5, C min., op. 67; No. 6, F maj., 'Pas- 
toral,' op. 68; No. 7, A maj., op. 92; 
No. 8, F maj., op. 93; No. 9, D min., 
'Choral,' op. 125) ; incidental music to 
'Prometheus,' 'Egmont,' 'Ruins of Ath- 
ens' (with chorus), 7 overtures; 1 vio- 
lin concerto (D maj.) ; 5 piano con- 
certos; a triple concerto for piano, 
violin, 'cello and orchestra; op. 56; a 
fantasy for piano, orchestra and cho- 
rus, op. 80, smaller works for violin 
and orch. and piano and orch., also 

2 marches, 12 minuets, 12 German 
dances and 12 contre-dances for orch. 

Vocal: The opera Fidelia, 2 masses 
(C maj., op. 86 and Missa solemnis in 
D maj., op. 23), 1 oratorio, Christus am 
olberge, a number of cantatas, 66 songs, 
1 duet, 18 canons and 7 vols. English, 
Scotch, Irish and Welsh songs with 
piano, violin and 'cello. 

For plano: 38 sonatas, 21 sets of va- 
riations, 4 Rondos, 3 vols. Bagatelles, 

3 Preludes, 7 Minuets, 13 Landler, 1 
Andante (F maj.), 1 fantasy (G min.), 

1 polonaise for piano solo; 1 sonata, 

2 variations, etc., for piano four hands. 
Chamber music: 10 sonatas, 1 rondo, 

and 1 variations for vln. and piano; 
5 sonatas, 3 vols, variations for 'cello 
and piano; 7 vols, variations for flute 
and piano, 1 sonata for horn and piano, 

3 duos for clarinet and bassoon, 8 trios 
(piano, vln. and 'cello), 2 variations for 
trio, 1 trio for piano, clarinet and 'cello, 
1 trio for flute, vln. and viola, 1 trio 
for 2 oboes and English horn, 5 string 
trios, 16 string quartets, 2 string quin- 
tets, 4 piano quartets, one quintet for 
piano and wind instr., 2 octets and 1 
sextet for wind instr.; 1 sextet and 1 
septet for strings and wind; 2 quar- 
tets for trombones, fugues, for string 
quartet and string quintet. 

The complete works of Beethoven 
were published by Breitkopf and Har- 
tel (1864-67, Suppl. 1888). 

Ref.: For life and work see II. 128fi'; 
for solo vocal works, V. 154f, 184; 
choral works, VI. 144ff, 264f, 335f; 



38 



Bekker 

piano works, VII. 159ff, 168ir, 173; 
violin music, VII. 451ff; string quartets, 
etc., 509ff; miscel. chamber music, 
575£f, 592f, 599f; orchestral works, 
VIH. 170ff; opera, IX. 122ff; mus. ex., 
XIII. 191, 193, 197, 296; portraits, II. 
frontispiece, 150; VIII. 198; (caricature) 
II. 170; birthplace, illus., II. 132; fac- 
simile page from his will, II. 158; his 
pianoforte, lUus., VII. 166. For gen- 
eral references see individual indexes. 

BEFPROY DB REIGJVY, Louis 
Abel (1757-1811): b. Laon, d. Paris; 
wrote text and music of dramatic 
works, of which only two, Nicodime 
dans la lune (1790) and Nicodeme aux 
enfers (1791) were successful and were 
forbidden as revolutionary. He also 
wrote songs (Les soiries chanties, 3 
parts, 1803) ; used pseudonym Cousin 
Jacques. 

BEHAIIH, Michel (1416-1474) : an 
early representative of the Melstersinger. 

BEHNKE:, Emll (1836-1892) : b. 
Stettin, d. Ostende; authority on voice- 
training; lecturer on physiology of the 
voice. Pub. 'The Mechanism of the 
Human Voice' (London, 1880) ; 'Voice, 
Song and Speech' (with Lennox 
Browne) (1883) ; 'Voice-training Exer- 
cises' (1884), and w. Dr. C. W. Pearce, 
'The Child's Voice' (1885). Ref.: V. 28. 

BEHR, Franz (1837-1898) : b. Liib- 
theen, Mecklenburg, d. Dresden; com- 
poser of salon music of popular char- 
acter, which he pub. under various 
pseudonyms, among them 'William 
Copper,' 'Charles Morley,' and 'Fran- 
cesco d'Orso.' 

BEHREND, William (1861- ): 
b. Copenhagen; writer; studied with 
Amberg, Axel Gade and Matthisson- 
Hansen; for several years music critic 
of Politiken and the lllustrierte Zei- 
tung; now on staff of Tilskueren and 
contributor to Die Masik, Die Signale, 
and the Musikalisches Wochenblatt; a 
founder of the Danish Richard Wag- 
ner- Vereln; author of a biography of 
J. P. E. Hartmann (1895), vol. 2 of the 
lllustreret Musikhistorie (1905), and 
the biographies of musicians In Sal- 
monsen's Konversationslexikon. 

BEHRERTS, Johan Dldrih: (1820- 
1890) : b. Bergen, d. Christiania; foun- 
der of the first Norwegian male chorus 
there in 1842, also the Student's Choral 
Society, 1845, the Commercial Choral 
Society, 1847; conducted the Work- 
men's Choral Society, 1848-54, and or- 
ganized large male choral festivals. He 
edited several collections of male cho- 
ruses, also people's and school song 
books. Ref.: IIL 88. 

BEKKER, Paul (1882- ) : b. Ber- 
lin; first violinist in the Berlin Phil- 
harmonic Orch., then conductor in 
Aschaffenburg and Gorlitz; since 1906 
musical litterateur; editor of Berlin 
Philharmonic Program books, critic 
Berliner Neueste Nachrichten, then Ber- 
liner Allg. Zeitung, and from 1911 the 
Frankfurter Zeitung; author of Beet- 



Belaietf 

hoven (1911, de luxe ed. 1912) and 
other books. 

BESLiAIKFr, Mltrofan Petrovitch 

(1836-1904): b. St. Petersburg, d. there; 
music publisher; established his busi- 
ness to publish solely tlie works of 
young Russian composers. About 3000 
numbers have been issued by the 
house. In his will he constituted the 
business a foundation to be conducted 
by a committee of Russian composers 
(Rimsky-Karsakoff, Glazounoff and Lia- 
doff). His will also provides for at 
least 10 symphony concerts and 4 quar- 
tet evenings each season, besides other 
chamber-music performances; and for 
prizes for the best compositions and a 
pension fund for needy musicians and 
their families. 

BEIiASCO, David (1859- ) : b. 
San Francisco; dramatist and manager; 
author 'The Girl of the Golden West,' 
from which was adapted the libretto 
of Puccini's opera. Ref.: IX. 494, 495. 

BSL.CE:. See Reuss-Belce. _ 

BELCHER, William Thomas ([?]- 
1905) : d. Birmingham, Eng. ; music di- 
rector and organist. 

BBLCKE, Christian Gottlieb (1796- 
1875): b. Lucka, d. there; performer 
on the flute in the Gewandhaus orches- 
tra and at Altenburg; composer of con- 
certos and fantasias for bis instrument. 
Frtedrlch August (1795-1874) : b. 
Lucka, Alteuberg, d. there; performer 
on trombone in the Gewandhaus orches- 
tra; the first virtuoso on the trombone, 
chamber musician at Berlin and com- 
poser of concertos and etudes. 

BELDBniAlVDIS (or Beldomandis, 
or Beldemando), Frosdoclmns de 
(ca. 1375-C?]) : theoretician at Padua 
and author of dissertations in oppo- 
sition to the theories on measured mu- 
sic promulgated by Marchettus. 

BGLiICZAir, Jnllns von (1835-1893): 
b. Komorn, Hungary, d. Pesth; com- 
poser; studied with Joachim, Hoffmann 
and Franz Erenn; professor of theory 
at the National Academy of Music, 
Pesth; composed a symphony, a mass, 
serenade for strings, andante for string 
orchestra, Ave Maria for soprano solo, 
chorus and orchestra, a string trio, a 
string quartet, piano pieces, songs, etc.; 
author of a 'Method of Composition' 
(1891). 

BBLIN (1) Gnillaame ([?]-1568): 
singer in the Chapelle Royale at Paris, 
where he composed cantiques and chan- 
sons. (2) Jnlien (ca. 1530-C?]): b. Le 
Mans; lutenist and composer of mo- 
tets, chansons and fantasias, all written 
in lute-tablature. 

BBIili, William Henry (1873- ) : 
b. St. Albans, London; student, then 
professor of harmony at the Royal 
Academy of Music; composer of 2 sym- 
phonies, symphonic poems, 2 'mood 
pictures,' symphonic preludes, etc., 2 
string quartets, a viola sonata, vocal 
works with orch, and songs. Ref.: 
m. 441. 



Belli 

BBLLA (1) Domenlco della (early 
18th cent.) : Venetian 'cellist; composer 
of 12 trio sonatas, a 'cello sonata, 
masses, psalms, motets, etc. (2) Jo- 
hann Leopold (1843- ) : b. Lipto- 
Szent Miklbs, Upper Hungary; cantor 
and musical director at Hermannstadt ; 
composer of much church music, or- 
chestral works, national choruses, etc., 

BEILLADIY (1) Blchard (ca. 1743- 
1813) : d. London, choirmaster of the 
Royal Chapel, pub. church music. (2) 
liudford (1770-1843): b. London, d. 
there; son of (1), famous bass in 
church, theatre and concert. 

BKIiliANDA, Ludovico (early 17th 
cent.) : b. Verona, one of the first 
monodists; pub. Mnsiche for 1-4 v. 
and continuo (1607, 1610), etc. 

BELLASIO, Paolo (late 16th cent.) : 
b. Verona; pub. 6 books of madrigals 
(1578-90), villanelles (1592), etc. 

BBLI/'AVERE}, Vincenzo (ca. 1530- 
1588[7]): b. Venice; pupil of A. Ga- 
brieli, 2nd organist at St. Mark's, 
1588; madrigal composer of repute 
(only 1 book [1574] preserved), also 
wrote church music. 

BBLLAZZI, Francesco (17th cent.) : 
church maestro in Milan, ca. 1623, pub. 
psalms, motets, mass, etc., in Venice, 
1618-28. 

BFIiIi£:RE:, Bellerns, or Beelaerts 

(1) Jean (d. ca. 1595) : seller of books 
and publisher of music at Antwerp. 
Associated with PhaUse from 1572. 

(2) Balthaser (17th cent.) : son and 
successor of Jean (1). He transferred 
the firm to Douai, where a catalogue 
of the works he published was discov- 
ered by Coussemaker. 

BELLBRMANN (1) [Johann] Fried- 
rich (1795-1874) : b. Erfurt, d. Ber- 
lin; music historian; director of the 
Gymnasium Zum Grauen Kloster, Ber- 
lin, 1847-1868; author of Tonleitern u. 
Musiknoten der Griechen (1847), Die 
Bymnen des Dionysios u. Mesomedes 
(1840), Anonymi scriptio de masica, 
Bacchii senioris introdactio, etc. (1841). 
(2) [Johann Gottfried] Heinrich (1832- 
1903): b. Berlin, d. Potsdam; son of 
(1) ; theorist; studied at the Royal 
Institute for Church Music and with 
E. A. Grell; succeeded Marx as pro- 
fessor of music at Berlin Univ.; au- 
thor of Die Mensuralnoten und Takt- 
zeichen im 15. u. 16. Jahrh. (1858), Der 
Kontrapunkt (1862), Die Grosse d. mus. 
Intervalle als Grundlage d. Harmonie 
(1873) and a biography of E. A. Grell; 
also articles in the Allgemeine musika- 
lische Zeitung; composer of vocal 
works. 

BBLLEVILLE-OURY, Emilie Anna 
Caroline de (1808-1880) : b. Landshut, 
d. Munich; studied with Czemy, became 
a concert pianist and composer; mar- 
ried the violinist Oury. 

BEIili'HAVBB, Vincenzo. See 
Bell'avehe. ,„ „,, 

BBIiLI (1) Glrolamo (1552-[?]) : 



39 



Bellin 

chapel singer at the Mantuan court; 
composer of motets, madrigals, canzo- 
nets, sacrae cantiones, psalms, and 
magnificats. (2) Glulio (1560-[?]): b. 
Longiano; choir master at Padua; 
maestro di cappella at Imola cathedral; 
published masses, madrigals, canzo- 
nette, psalms, motets, litanies, etc. (3) 
Doinenlco (17th cent.) : musician at 
the court of the Duke of Parma; pub. 
arie per souare (1616) ; prod. 2 operas. 

BELLIN. See Belin. 

BBL.LI1VI, Vlncenzo (1801-1835) : b. 
Catania, Sicily, d. Puteaux, n. Paris; 
composer; first taught by his father, 
an organist, and subsequently studied 
at Naples Cons, under Zlngarelli. 
His student-compositions were a ro- 
mance, an aria, a symphony for full 
orchestra, two masses, several psalms, 
and a cantata. His first opera, Adelson 
e Salvini, was performed successfully 
by Conservatory pupils on Jan. 12, 1825. 
Bianca e Fernando was enthusiastically 
received at the San Carlo, Naples, in 
1826; followed in 1827 by II Pirata, 
and in 1829 by La Straniera, both in 
Milan. For the Teatro Nuovo, Parma, 
he wrote Zaira (1829), which was a 
failure. For La Fenice Theatre, Ven- 
ice, he composed in forty days the 
opera / Capuleti e Montecchi (1830), 
which was very successful. La Son- 
nambula was produced at the Teatro 
Carcano, Milan (1831) and Norma at 
La Scala on Dec. 26, 1831. Norma, 
which B. himself considered his great- 
est work, was coldly received at first; 
but the warmth of its reception in 
other cities, notably in Paris (1835), 
justified its author's verdict. His Be- 
atrice di Tenda (Venice, 1833) failed 
of popular ai>preciation. In 1833 B. 
settled in Paris, and in 1834 was in- 
vited to write an opera for the Theatre 
Italien. He responded with / Paritani, 
successfully produced in 1835. His 
untimely death in the same year put 
an end to all further efTorts. He was 
held in very high esteem by his col- 
leagues. Ref.: H. 195f; VII. 286; IX. 
xii, 137, 144f, 152fr; portrait, H. 200. 

BBLLINGBR, Franz (1867- ): 
b. Remagen-on-Rhine ; studied at Co- 
logne Cons, and at Milan, Leipzig and 
London; cond. the chorus Eintracht at 
Siegen, 1891, the Indianapolis Manner- 
chor, 1897, director of the Festival Cho- 
rus there, 1898, judge of the singing 
contest at the Northeastern Saengerfest, 
Newark, 1906, festival director of the 
North American Saengerbund, 1906; 
Ph. D., Columbia University, 1910; 
taught in Philadelphia, 1892-97, director 
of music dept.. College of Saint Eliza- 
beth, New Jersey, 1910; contributor 
to 'The Art of Music' 

BELI,MA1V, Carl MIkael (1740- 
1795): b. Stockholm, d. there; com- 
poser of music to his own poetry, called 
popular scenes. 

BEILLMAIVIV (1) Carl Gottfried 
(1760-1816) : b. Schellenberg, Saxony, d. 



Benda 

Dresden; maker of pianos and player 
on the bassoon. (2) Karl GottUeb 
(1772-1862): b. Luskau, d. Schleswig; 
organist and composer; wrote the pa- 
triotic song 'Schleswig-Holstein, meer- 
umschlungen.' 

BELLO, Johann Leopold (1843- ) : 
b. St. Nicolan, upper Hungary; priest, 
canon, and comiposer of church music, 
orchestral compositions and patriotic 
choruses for male and mixed voices. 

BBLLOC, Teresa (1784-1855) : b. 
San Begnino, Canavese, d. San Giorgio; 
operatic mezzo-soprano in Italy, Paris 
and London from 1804 to 1827. Her 
repertoire included pr"*minent parts in 
about eighty operas; her favorite rdles 
were from Rossini. Ref.: II. 185. 

BELLOLI (1) Lulgl (1770-1817): b. 
Castelfranco, Bologna, d. Milan; vir- 
tuoso on the horn and professor of 
his instrument at the Milan Cons. His 
compositions consist of operas and bal- 
lets for La Scala, horn-concertos, and 
a method for the horn. (2) Asostlno 
(early 19th cent.) : b. Bologna, vir- 
tuoso on the horn at La Scala and 
composer of eight ballets, some operas 
and compositions for the horn. 

BEMBTZRIEDER, Anton (1743-ca. 
1816) : b. Alsace, d. London ; Benedictine 
monk who abandoned his order, pro- 
tig^ of Diderot in Paris; then lived for 
many years in London. He wrote a 
number of text-books. 

BENDA (1) Franz (1709-1786) : b. 
Alt-Bendtek, Bohemia, d. Potsdam; vio- 
linist and teacher; wandering musician, 
became violin virtuoso, from 1833 mem- 
ber of the band of the Prussian crown 
prince (later Frederick the Great). In 
1771 he became Royal concert-master. 
He pub. 6 trio sonatas, 2 violin con- 
certos, 6 sonatas for violin (flute), 
and (posth.) violin etudes; many solo 
sonatas, some symphonies and con- 
certos are MSS. Ref.: II. 758: VIL 413, 
414f, 417, 420, 428 ; VIII. 140. (2) Johann 
(1713-1752) : brother of (1), b. Alt- 
Benatek, d. Potsdam; violinist; comp. 
3 violin concertos. Ref.: VII. 414. (3) 
Georg (1722-1795) : brother of (1) &(2) ; 
b. Jungbunzlau, Bohemia, d. Kostritz; 
chamber-musician at Berlin, then Gotha, 
court Kapellmeister there, 1748-88. He 
wrote about 10 operas, operettas, melo- 
dramas (notably Ariadne anf Naxos, 
Medea, Almansor, Nadine). Other 
works (church-music, symphonies, con- 
certos, sonatas, etc.) are in MS. in the 
Berlin library. He was the originator 
of the pure melodrama, i.e. music with 
spoken words. Ref.: II. 58, 168; HI. 
168; VII. 414; IX. 82f, 115. (4) Joseph 
(1724-1804): d. Berlin; violinist, pupil 
and youngest brother of Franz, whose 
successor in Frederick's service he be- 
came. Ref.: VII. 414. (5) Prledrleh 
WUhelm Helnrleh (1745-1814) : b. 
Potsdam, d. there; violinist; eldest son 
and pupil of Franz (1) ; royal cham- 
ber-mus., pianist and composer. Wrote 
2 operas, Alceste (1786) and Orpheus 



40 



Bendel 

(1789) ; an operetta, Das Blumenmdd- 
chen; 2 oratorios, and a cantata, Pyg- 
malion, violin and flute concertos and 
chamber-music. (6) Karl Hermann 
Heinrlcb (1748-1836) : b. Potsdam ; son 
of Franz (1) ; violinist and composer 
of chamber music; concert-master at 
Berlin opera, teacher of King Fried- 
rich Wilhelra III and Rungenhagen. 
Ref.: VII. 416. (7) Frlcdrich lindtvlg 
(1746-1783): b. Gotha, d. Konigsberg, 
violinist In opera troupes, opera con- 
ductor in Hamburg, concert director in 
Konigsberg; composed violin concertos 
and 2 operas. 

BE:NDBL, Franz (1833-1874) : b. 
Schdnlinde, near Rumburg, d. Berlin; 
studied with Froksch, Liszt and taught 
in Kullak's Academy; composed piano- 
forte salon-pieces, a concerto, and a 
trio for the piano, nocturnes, romances, 
symphonies, masses, songs, etc. 

BE:iVDE:L.E}R, Johann Phllipp (ca. 
(1660-ca. 1712) : b. Riethnordhausen, 
near Erfurt, d. Quedlinburg; cantor, 
performer on clavecin and organ and 
author of Melopceia. practica (1686), 
Organopceta (2nd ed. 1690), etc. 

BSNDER (1) Jean Valentin (1801- 
1873) : b. Bechtheim, n. Worms, d. Brus- 
sels; virtuoso on clarinet, bandmaster 
and composer of military music; direc- 
tor of music to the Royal House of 
Belgium. (2) Jakob (1798-1844): b. 
Bechtheim, d. Antwerp; brother of J. 
V. (1), director of the Antwerp 'Har- 
monic' (after his brother) ; clarinettist 
and composer of band music. 

BBIVDIX (1) Otto (1850-1904): b. 
Copenhagen; studied with Ree, Gade, 
Kullak, Liszt; oboist and pianoforte 
teacher in Copenhagen and at the New 
England Cons., U. S., composer for the 
pianoforte and successful concert-giv- 
er in Europe and America. (2) Victor 
B. (1851- ) : b. Copenhagen, studied 
with Gade; virtuoso on violin, pianist, 
teacher, and conductor, and composer 
of 4 symphonies, orch. serenade, piano 
concerto, choral works, trio, piano 
pieces, songs, etc. Ref.: III. 76. (3) 
Max (1866- ): b. Detroit, Mich.; 
conductor; studied in New York, 
Cincinnati and Berlin; concert-master 
Metropolitan Opera House, 1886, Theo- 
dore Thomas Orchestra, 1886-96; Met- 
ropolitan Opera House, 1905; assist- 
ant conductor there, 1909; conductor at 
Manhattan Opera House, 1907; National 
Symphony Orchestra, Chicago, 1914-15; 
also conducted at Chicago and St. Louis 
World's Fairs, and light opera in 
United States and England (now for 
H. W. Savage) ; teacher and recitalist; 
composer of a violin concerto, a theme 
with variations for 'cello and orches- 
tra, a ballad for soprano and orchestra, 
a valse caprice tor orchestra, inci- 
dental music and numerous songs. 

BBNDIi, Karl (1838-1897): b. 
Prague, d^ there; composer; studied 
with Blazok and Pietsch; chorus- 
master of the German Opera, Amster 



BenevoU 

dam, 1864 ; from 1866 conductor of 
the male choral society Hlahol, Prague; 
his compositions include the Czech na- 
tional operas Leila (1868), 'Bretlslav 
and Jltka' (1869), Cernahorci (1881), 
Karel Skrita (1883), Dite Tdbora (1892), 
'Mother Mila' (1895), all prod, at 
Prague; also a choral work 'The Bag- 
pipe,' besides a ballet, three masses, 
cantatas, an overture, a Slavonic Rhap- 
sody and other works for orchestra, a 
string quartet, piano pieces, about 200 
Czech songs and choruses. 

BENEDICT, [Sir] Jullns (1804- 
1885) : b. Stuttgart, d. London; son of 
a Jewish banker; pupil of Abeille, 
Hummel and Weber. Kapellmeister 
at the Kamthnerthor Theatre, Vienna, 
1823, at the San Carlo Theatre, Naples; 
there prod, the opera Giacinta ed Er- 
nesto (1829), followed by I Portoghesi 
in Goa (Stuttgart, 1830). He became 
a fashionable piano teacher and concert- 
giver in London and conductor of opera 
buffa at the Lyceum, and Drury Lane, 
where his 'The Gypsy's Warning' was 
produced (1838). He toured the U. S. 
with Jenny Lind, became conductor at 
Her Majesty's and Drury Lane thea- 
tres and in 1859 at Covent Garden; also 
the Monday Popular Concerts, Norwich 
Festivals, and the Liverpool Philhar- 
monic (1876-80). He was knighted In 
1871. Composed 11 operas (incl. 'The 
Rose of Erin'), 2 oratorios, 2 sympho- 
nies, 2 piano concertos, etc. Ref.: V. 
267; VI. 178f, 282. 

BENEDICTTTS, Jacobns de: Fran- 
ciscan monk, reputed author of the 
Stabat Mater. Ref.: VI. 320. 

BEJVEDIOTUS APPENZEIiDERS 
(16th cent.): b. Appenzell, Switzerland; 
choirmaster at Brussels and composer 
of a book of 4-part motets. Ref. : I. 297. 

BENEFIT, Theodor (1809-1881) : b. 
Norton, near Gottingen; writer on the 
Orient and philology; contributor to 
the Neue Zeitschrift fUr Masik. 

BENELLI (1) Alemanno. See BoT- 
TBIGABI. (2) Antonio Peregrino 

(1771-1830): b. Forli, d. Bomichen, 
Saxony; tenor in Naples, London, and 
Dresden Opera, teacher in the Berlin 
Royal Theatre School until 1829, pub. 
a method of singing, vocal exercises, 
and a few compositions for the piano. 

BENET, John (15th cent.): English 
composer, who like his contemporary, 
Dunstable, applied the style of the 
Florentine ars nova to church music. 
MSS. preserved in Vienna, Oxford, Bo- 
logna, and other libraries. A Sanc- 
tus and an Agnes were printed in 
Wooldridge's 'Early English Harmony.' 

BENEVOIil, Orazio (1602-1672): b. 
Rome, d. there; composer; studied with 
V. Ugolini; maestro di cappella of sev- 
eral Roman churches, including the 
Vatican; composed masses in 12, 16, 24 
and 48 parts (including one for the 
ConsecraUon of Salzburg Cathedral, 
1628), motets, psalms, offertories, etc.; 
master of the polychoric a cappella 



41 



Benincori 

style; most of his works in MS. In tlie 
Vatican library. 

BENINCORI, An^elo Maria (1779- 
1821) : b. Brescia, d. Paris ; composer 
of a number of operas, only one of 
which was produced with success 
('Aladin,' begun by Isouard), also con- 
certante string quartets and piano trios. 
He was a violin virtuoso. 

BENNETT (1) [Sir] William Stem- 
dale (1816-1875) : b. Sheffield, d. Lon- 
don; entered the choir of King's Col- 
lege Chapel at age of eight; studied at 
the Royal Academy of Music; studied 
in 1837 and 1841-1842 at Leipzig, where 
he was intimate with Schumann and 
Mendelssohn. From 1843-56 he gave 
a series of chamber concerts in Eng- 
land ; founded the Bach Society in 1849 ; 
conducted the concerts of the Philhar- 
monic Society 1856-66, and the Leeds 
Mus. Festival in 1858. He was pro- 
fessor of music at Cambridge, 1856; 
chosen principal of the R.A.M. in 1866, 
resigning the conductorship of the Phil- 
harmonic. A pianist of exceptional 
ability, he composed chiefly for piano: 
a sonata, four concertos, a sextet for 
piano and strings, a piano trio and 
miscellaneous pieces. He also wrote a 
'cello sonata, 4 overtures, a cantata, an 
oratorio, songs, etc. Endowed a schol- 
arship at the Royal Academy of Mu- 
sic. Ref.: II. 263 (footnote), 322, 348f; 
III. 414; VI. 183f, 282f; VH. 217; VIIL 
233, 474; portrait, VL 176. (2) Theo- 
dore. See RiTTEB, Theodore. (3) 
Josepb (1831-1911) : b. Berkeley, 
Gloucestershire, d. Purton, near Berke- 
ley; writer; precentor at Weigh 
House Chapel and organist of West- 
minster Chapel; music critic and con- 
tributor to 'Sunday Times,' 'Pall Mall 
Gazette,' 'Graphic,' 'Musical Times' 
and 'Daily Telegraph'; edited the 'Con- 
cordia,' 1875-1876, and 'The Lute,' 1883- 
1886; for many years annotated pro- 
grams of the Philharmonic Society and 
the Saturday and Monday Popular Con- 
certs; author of 'Letters from Bayreuth' 
(1877), 'The Musical Year' (1883), 'His- 
tory of the Leeds Musical Festivals, 
1859-89' (with F. R. Spark, 1892), 
'Story of Ten Hundred Concerts' (1887), 
'Forty Years of Music' (1908) ; also 
librettos. (4) Georse (1863- ): b. 
Andover, England; composer; studied 
at Royal Academy of Music, .at the 
■Royal Hochschule, Berlin, and with 
Bussmeyer and Rheinberger in Mu- 
nich; professor of harmony and com- 
position at Royal Academy, 1888; or- 
ganist of Lincoln Cathedral since 1895; 
conductor of Lincoln Musical Society 
and Orchestral Society; has composed 
2 overtures for orchestra, a mass for 
soli, chorus and orchestra, a suite for 
orchestra, church services for soli, cho- 
rus and orchestra, a piano trio, pieces 
for piano and for organ, songs, part- 
songs, anthems, etc. 

BENNEWITZ (1) ■Wilhelm (1832- 
1871): b. Berlin, d. there; studied with 



42 



Berat 

Kiel, member of the Berlin Royal Or- 
chestra and composer for piano, 'cello, 
and of one opera. (2) Anton (1833-) : 
b. Pfivret, Bohemia; violinist and di- 
rector of the Cons, at Prague. 

BENOENUTl, Tommaso (1832- 
1906): b. Venice, d. Rome; produced 
5 operas and 1 opera butfa in cities 
of northern Italy. 

BENOIS, Marie (1861- ) : b. St. 
Petersburg; pianist; pupil of Lesche- 
tizky at St. Petersburg Cons., and won 
gold medal (1876). For two years she 
made brilliant tours; married Wassily 
Benois, her cousin. Ref.: IX. 378; X. 
183, 226, 229, 230. 

BENOIST, Francois (1794-1878) : b. 
Nantes, d. Paris; studied at the Con- 
servatoire, organist at the Royal Chapel, 
professor of the organ at the Con- 
servatoire. He was chef da chant at 
the Paris Opira from 1840 to 1872. 
Among his compositions are two operas, 
four ballets, compositions for the or- 
gan and a Requiem mass for the or- 
gan, a child's voice and three male 
voices. Ref.: VI. 466f. 

BENoSt, Pierre-L£onard-Ii£opoId 
(1834-1901) : composer and writer; 
b. Harlebeke, d. Antwerp; studied 
Brussels Cons. 1851-55, prod, a small 
opera in the Park Theatre and became 
its conductor in 1856; won the Prix de 
Rome, 1857, with his cantata Le Meurtre 
d'Abel; studied further in Leipzig, Dres- 
den, Munich and Berlin, and sent to 
the Brussels Academy an essay, L'icole 
de musique flamande et son avenir. He 
was made a member of the Berlin 
Academy in 1882. His opera Le roi 
des auln.es was accepted by the Theatre 
Lyrique, Paris, 1861, but not given. 
B. has been director of the Antwerp 
Conservatory since 1867. He composed 
Messe solennelle (1862) : Te Deum 
(1863) ; Requiem (1863) ; the 2 Flem- 
ish operas Het dorp in't gebergte and 
Isa; 2 oratorios, 'Children's Oratorio'; 
a choral symphony, De Maaiers ('The 
Mowers') ; music to 'Charlotte Corday,' 
and to van Goethem's drama Willcm 
de Zwijger (1876) ; cantatas, motets, 
songs, etc. He pub. Verhandellng over 
de nationale Toonkunde (2 vols., 1877- 
9), many historical and polemic writ- 
ings in Flemish and French, and many 
contributions to journals. Ref.: VI. 
301f, 392; portrait, VI. 300. 

BENSERADE. Ref.: X. 86. 

BENTLEY, John (18th cent.) : 
American musical pioneer. Ref.: iV. 
72. 

BeRANGER, French poet. Ref.: 
V. 260f. 

BERARDI, Angelo (17th-18th cent.) : 
b. Sant' Agata, Bologna; maestro di 
cappella at Spoleto and in Trastevere, 
canon at Viterbo; professor of music 
and theorist. His compositions consist 
of a Requiem Mass, offertories, motets, 
psalms, etc. 

BERAT, Frederic (1800-1855) : b. 
Rouen, d. Paris; composer of Chan- 



Berbigaler 

sonettes, romances, etc., also of set- 
tings to the poems of Biranger. 

BERBIGVIXIR, Benott Tranqallle 

(1782-1838) : b. Caderousse, Vauclause, 
d. Pont-Levoy, n. Blois; virtuoso on 
flute and composer of duos for flutes, 
for fliite and violin, concertos, sonatas, 
variations for flute with piano or or- 
chestra, trios, suites, fantasias, ro- 
mances, etc. 

BSRCHBM (or Berghem), Jaohet 
de (ICth cent.) : b. probably Berchem, 
n. Antwerp; organist to the Duke of 
Ferrara, 1555 ; composer of 5-part 
madrigals (1546), 4-part do. (1555) and 
Libro l°-3° del Capriccio (1561), also 
masses (in Scoto Lib. I. and Gardano 
VI Missae, 1517), also probably other 
madrigals in collections, signed Jachet 
(cf. Jachet de Mantua). 

BERBIVS, HeTmann (1826-1880) : b. 
Hamburg, d. Stockholm; studied with 
his father, Reisslger and Czerny; foun- 
der in Stockholm of the Quartet Soi- 
rees and theatre conductor, court con- 
ductor, professor at the academy and 
member of the academy. He com- 
posed operettas, an opera, chamber 
music, and pub. a well-known 'School 
of Velocity' for piano. 

BERETTA, Giovanni Battlsfa 
(1819-1876): b. Verona, d. Milan; di- 
rected Conservatory at Bologna, wrote 
for Barbieri*s lexicon of music. 

BEREZOWSKY, Maxim Sosonto- 
■wlch (1745-1777).: b. Solochoff; pupil 
of Padre Martini; composed opera, 
Demofonte, and church music. Ret.: 
IX 380 

BERG (1) Jobann de (16th cent.) : 
music printer in Ghent and in Nurem- 
berg, where he became a partner of 
Ulrich Neuber. (2) Adam (16th cent.) : 
music printer, who pub. the Patrocin- 
ium Musicum at Munich in ten volumes. 
(3) Konrad Mathlas (1785-1852) : b. 
Kolmar (Alsace), d. Strassburg, where 
he was piano teacher from 1808; violin 
pupil of Franzl (Mannheim), then stu- 
dent at Paris Cons. He composed 3 
concertos, sonatas, variations for piano, 
10 piano trios and four-hand pieces for 
piano, also 4 string quartets; wrote an 
essay on teaching method (in German) 
in G. Weber's Cdcilia (1826) and a his- 
torical work pertaining to music in 
Strassburg (in French). 

BERGER (1) Lndwlg (1777-1839) :. 
b. Berlin, d. there; studied with Giirr- 
lich, Clementi; teacher of Mendelssohn, 
Henselt, Taubert, etc., pianoforte teach- 
er in Stockholm, London and Berlin 
and composer of pianoforte studies, a 
toccata, a rondo, one opera, cantatas, 
songs, etc. (2) Francesco (1834- ) : 
b. London; studied with Ricci, Lickl, 
Hauptmann, Plaidy; professor at the 
Boyal Academy of Music and the Guild- 
ball School, director of the Philharmonic 
and composer of an opera, a mass, part 
songs, piano compositions, etc. (3) 
Wilbelm (1861-1911) : b. Boston, d. 
Jena; studied in the Berlin Bochschule; 



Berlnger 

teacher at the Klindworth-Scharwenka 
Cons., court Kapellmeister in Melning- 
en since 1903, Royal Prussian pro- 
fessor and member of the Akademie. 
He' wrote songs, a piano sonata, trio, 
string quintet, many choral works, 2 
symphonies, orch. variations, 3 ballads 
for baritone and orch. Ret.: III. 209, 
211; VI. 357. 

BERGGREEIV, Andreas Peter 
(1801-1880): b. Copenhagen, d. there; 
abandoned the study of law for that 
of music, church organist, vocal pro- 
fessor and composer of an opera, inci- 
dental music, piano pieces and songs; 
edited Musikalisk Tidende, pub. a col- 
lection of folk-songs (international). 

BERGH, Arthnr (1882- ) : b. New 
York; composer of 2 melodramas (with 
orchestra), songs, pieces for piano and 
for violin. Ret.: IV. 391ff; mus. ex., 
XIV. 327. 

BERGMANN, Carl (1821-1876) : b. 
Ebersbach, Saxony, d. New York; stud- 
ied with Zimmermann, Hesse; conduc- 
tor of the *Germania' Orchestra (travel- 
ling through U. S.), also of the Handel 
and Haydn Society, Boston, of the New 
York Philharmonic Orchestra and the 
'Arion' Society (New York) ; also 'cellist 
and pianist. Ret.: TV. 131f, 183, 185, 
189, 203, 208, 209. 

BERGNER, Wllhelm (1837-1907) : 
b. Riga, d. there; organist, founder of 
the Bach Society, Cathedral Choir, etc., 
in Riga. Through his influence Rubin- 
stein's 'Moses' was tlrst produced in 
1894 and the great cathedral organ was 
built by Walcker. 

BERGONZI, CARLO (18th cent.) ; 
Cremonese maker of violins, ■who 
learned his art under the great Stradi- 
vari. His son, Michelangelo, and his 
nephews, Nicold and Carlo, were less 
distinguished. 

BERGSON, Michael (1820-1898): b. 
Warsaw, d. London; composer; stud- 
ied with Schneider, Bungenhagen and 
Taubert; for some time first piano 
teacher at and director of Geneva 
Cons.; later private teacher in Lon- 
don. His compositions include the op- 
era Luisa di Montfort (1847), the oper- 
etta Qui va a la chasse, perd sa place 
(1859), a Concerto symphonie for pi- 
ano, a piano trio, a sonata for piano 
and flute, duos for piano and violin, 
technical studies and other pieces for 
piano. 

BERGT, Chriatlan Gottlob Augnst 
(1772-1837): b. Oderan, Saxony, d. 
Bautzen; organist and music teacher, 
conductor of singing society and com- 
poser of sacred music, operas, piano- 
forte and violin sonatas, symphonies, 

BERIIVGER (1) Oscar (1844- ): 
b. Furtwangen; studied at Leipzig Cons, 
and at Berlin; piano teacher at the 
Royal Academy of Music in London. 
He published a book of Technical Ex- 
ercises of unusual value. Besides 
these, be has pub. sonatinas and other 



43 



B^riot 

pianoforte music. (2) Robert (1841-) : 
b. Furtwangen, Baden; brotlier of Os- 
car; concert pianist in England and 
conductor of choral societies and com- 
poser of pianoforte music and orches- 
tral music. (3) Karl (1866- ) : b. 
Lauffen a.N., studied at the Stuttgart 
Cons, in Italy and Paris, garrison or- 
ganist in Ulm, where he established 
historical concerts; recognized espe- 
cially as Reger interpreter, 

BfiRIOT, Charles [-Anguste] de 
(1802-1870): b. Louvaln, d. Brussels; 
famous violinist; sometimes called the 
pupil of Viotti and Baillot, though he 
owed his technical foundation to the 
careful instruction of his guardian, 
Tiby, a provincial teacher. At 9 he 
played a concerto by Viotti in public; 
made a triumphant d^but in Paris, 
1821, when he played for Viotti and 
for a short time became a pupil of 
Baillot at the Conservatoire. He 
toured on the continent and in Eng- 
land; became chamber- violinist to the 
King of France; later solo violinist to 
the King of the Netherlands (1826-30), 
but lost his position and salary through 
the Revolution; toured Europe, 1830-35, 
also with Mme, Garcia-Malibran, ■whom 
he married in 1836, not long before her 
death. B. was professor of violin at 
Brussels Cons.. 1843-52. He wrote 10 vio- 
lin concertos, 4 piano trios, several duos 
brilliants for piano and violin, 12 sets 
of variations for violin, also a Premier 
guide des violinistes, and his best work, 
Methode de Violon (3 parts; Paris, 
1858), studies {icole transcendentale 
de Violon) and several sonatas for 

Eiano and violin (with Osborne, Thai- 
erg and others), etc. Ref.: VII. 446, 
448; portrait, VH. 448. 

BERLIIV, Johann Daniel (1710- 
1737) : b. Memel, d. Drontheim, Nor- 
way; wrote 'Elements of Music' and 
'Guide for Calculations in Tempera- 
ment.' 

BEJRLIJN, or Berlyn, Anton (1817- 
1870): b. Amsterdam, d. there; studied 
with Erk, Koch and Fink; conductor at 
the Amsterdam Royal Theatre and com- 
poser of dramatic music (operas, bal- 
lets, an oratorio, a symphonic can- 
tata), symphonies, overtures, and cham- 
ber music. 

BERLIOZ, Hector [-I.oaIs] (1817- 
1869) : b. C6te-Saint-Andr^, near Gren- 
oble, France, d. Paris. He abandoned 
his father's profession, medicine, for 
music, in defiance of parental au- 
thority. He entered the Paris Con- 
servatoire and for a livelihood sang 
in the chorus of the Gymnase drama- 
tique. Chafing under Reicha's rigid 
system of instruction, he left the Cons, 
and devoted himself heart and soul 
to the cause of the 'romanticists.' His 
first composition, an orchestral Mass 
given at St.-Roch in 1825, unintelligible 
to executants and hearers, made him an 
object of ridicule, but he persevered 
and becaxue an outspoken exponent of 



44 



Berlioz 

'program-music' His two overtures, 
'Waverley' and Les Francs-Juges, and a 
symphonie phantastique, tpisode de la 
vie d'un artiste appeared in 1828, and 
was produced together with his 'Con- 
certs des Sylphes,' which was accom- 
panied by an elaborate 'program,' in 
1829. B. re-entered the Conservatoire 
in order to compete for prizes, in 
1826, taking a course in free composi- 
tion with Lesueur. Despite Cherublni's 
long opposition he took the Grand Prix 
de Rome with his cantata, Sardanapale 
in 1830, and while in Italy composed 
the overture to 'King Lear,' and Lilio, 
ou le retour d la vie. His growing In- 
fluence, by virtue of his brilliant writ- 
ings in the Journal des Dibats and the 
Gazette Musicale, insured his works re- 
spectful hearings from now on; never- 
theless his opera, Benvenuto Cellini 
(Op^ra, 1838), was a failure in Paris 
and London, though it increased his 
prestige in Germany, especially Wei- 
mar, where Liszt was his champion. 
B. became Conservator of the Conserva- 
tory in 1839, and in 1852 librarian, an 
appointment he held until death. His 
first concert-giving tour in Germany, 
etc., in 1843, which he recorded in his 
Voyage musical en Allemagne et en 
lialie (1844, 2 vols.), was successful; 
also other journeys in Austria, Hun- 
gary, Bohemia and Silesia (1845), and 
Russia (1847). In London (1852) he 
conducted the first series of the 'New 
Philharm. Concerts'; in 1853 his Ben- 
venuto Cellini was performed at Co- 
vent Garden under his direction, as was 
Biatrice et Binidict, a comic opera, at 
Baden-Baden in 1862. He became a 
member of the Academic In 1856; and 
was decorated with the cross of the 
Legion of Honor. He also travelled 
to St. Petersburg, to bring out his 
Damnation de Faust. The failure of 
his opera, hes Troyens d Carthage 
(1863), embittered his last years. Ber- 
lioz, indeed, was better appreciated in 
Germany than in France. The first 
complete production, under Moftl's di- 
rection, of the opera Les Troyens (in 
two parts : La prise de Troie^ 3 acts, 
and Les Troyens a Carthage, in 5 acts) 
was at Karlsruhe in 1897. His 'oratorio,' 
La Damnation de Faust (1846) perhaps 
marks the culmination of B.'s striv- 
ing after the purely fantastic; but his 
passion for unprecedented orchestral 
combinations and gigantic mass-effects 
was unsated, and he certainly carried 
the science of orchestration to wonder- 
ful perfection. Berlioz's prose style 
is both forceful and polished; in verse 
he penned the words to his I'Enfance 
du Christ (see below), also to the op- 
eras Beatrice et Binidict and Les Troy- 
ens. The symphony 'Harold in Italy,' 
the dramatic symphony 'Romeo and 
Juliet,' the Carnaval Romaln overture, 
the Messe des Marts, the sacred trilogy 
I'Enfance du Christ (Part I Le songe 
d'liirode; II. La fuite en ^ggpte; III. 



Bennudo 

L'Arrtvie a Sais) ; a Te Deam, the 
Requiem, the Grande symphonie funibre 
et triompbale (full military band, with 
strings and chorus ad lib.) overture to 
Le Corsaire; Le Cinq Mai, for bass solo, 
chorus and orch. (for the anniversary 
of Napoleon's death) ; together vsfith 
other instrumental and choral works, 
songs, transcriptions, complete the list 
of Berlioz's works. One of his great- 
est services to the art was his perfec- 
tion of the science of orchestration, 
which has given him the title of 'father 
of the modern orchestra.' His Traiti 
d'instrumentation has long been the 
authority on the subject and has latterly 
in German translation been supple- 
mented by Dr. Richard Strauss. He 
also wrote Soiries d'orchestre (1853), 
Grotesques de la musique (1859), A 
iravers chants (1862) and Mimoires 
(1870). Ref.: for life And work see 
II. 253fF, 3i8, 352ff, 382ff; for vocal solo 
works, V. 262ff; for choral works, VI. 
156flf; chamber music, VII. 207, 342, 
(transcriptions) 306; orchestral works, 
VIII. 26Sff; operas, DC. ISSff; mus. ex., 
XIII. 319, 322; portrait, II. 342. For 
general references see individual in- 
dcxBSm 

BERMTJDO, Juan (early 16th cent.) : 
Spanish writer on musical instruments. 

BBRNABBY, Giuseppe Brcole (ca. 
1620-1687) : b. Caprarola, Papal States, 
d. Munich; studied with O. Benevoli; 
maestro at the Vatican and court Kap- 
ellmeister at Munich. His compositions 
include five operas, two books of mad- 
rigals, motets, church music, etc. 

BERIVACCHI, Antonio (1690-1756) : 
b. Bologna, d. there; studied with 
Pistocchi; sopranist in the Handel Op- 
era in London and founder of a vocal 
school at Bologna. His special char- 
acteristic was the use of vocal em- 
bellishments known as 'Roulades.' 

BSRIVARD (1) J. C, the libret- 
tist of Spohr's 'Faust'. Ref.: IX. 209. 
(2) £mile (1843-1902) : b. Marseilles, 
d. Paris ; composer ; studied at the 
Conservatoire with Reber, Bteoist, and 
Marmontel; organist of Notre Dame 
des Champs; composed a violin con- 
certo, a Konzertstiick and a Fantasia 
for piano and orchestra, orchestral 
suites, a Divertissement for wind in- 
struments, 2 suites for organ, an 
overture, a piano quartet, a piano 
trio, a sonata for piano and 'cello and 
one for piano and violin, much other 
chamber and piano music, and 2 

BERNARD DE MORLAIX (12th 
cent, writer). Ref.: VI. 315. 

BERNARD OF CLAIRVAtTX. 

See Bebnhard. 

BERNARDI (1) Bartolomeo ([?]- 
1730) : b. 3ologna, d. Copenhagen ; vio- 
linist and composer; wrote trio-sona- 
tas and other instrumental works, and 
an opera, Libnssa. Ref.: VII. 390. (2) 
SteAano (17th cent.): b. Verona; 
maestro di cappella at the cathedral 



Bemsdorf 

there and later at Salzburg; composed 
masses, motets, psalms, madrigals and 
instrumental pieces. (3) Francesco. 
See Senesino. (4) Enrico (1838-1900) : 
b. Milan, d. there; conductor and or- 
chestral director; composer of suc- 
cessful light operas and ballets, also 
of popular dance music. 

BERNARDINI, Marcello (1762- 
[?]) : b. Capua; dramatic composer and 
author of his own librettos. His operas 
were successful on the Venetian stage. 

BERNASCONl (1) Andrea (1712- 
1784) : b. Marseilles, d. Munich; court 
conductor and composer of sacred 
and dramatic music. Fourteen of 
his operas were written for Munich, 
seven others for Munich, Venice, etc. 

(2) Antonia, daughter of (1), opera 
singer; created role of Alceste in 
Gluck's opera (Vienna, 1764) and Aspa- 
sia in Mozart's Mitridate (Milan, 1770). 

(3) Pietro (d. Barese, 1895) : organ- 
builder of renown in Italy. 

BERN AY, Mile, (ballerina). Ref.; 
X. 159. 

BERNBIilNUS (early 11th cent.): 
Benedictine monk and theoretician at 
Paris; wrote on the division of the 
monochord (publ. by Gerbert). 

BERNER, FrieOricb Wilhelm 
(1780-1827) : b. Breslau, d. there; or- 
ganist; teacher of music, director of 
the Royal Inst, for Church Music; com- 
poser of church music. 

BERNHARD OF CLAIRVAUX 
[Saint] (1091-1153) : b. Fontaines, Bur- 
gundy, d. Clairvaux; abbot there and 
author of an introductory letter De 
correctione antiphonarii to the Prefatto 
seu tractatus in Antiphonarium Cis- 
terciense, written under his authority. 

BERNHARD, Cliristoph (1627- 
1692): b. Danzig, d. Dresden; com- 
poser; studied with H. Schiitz and In 
Italy; successively 2nd and 1st Kapell- 
meister in Dresden; pub. Geistliche 
Harmonica (1665) and Prudentia pru- 
dentiana (1669) ; author of treatises on 
composition and counterpoint. 

BERNHARD DER DEUTSCHE 
(15th cent.) : organist at St. Mark's and 
probable inventor of organ-pedals, 
which he introduced into Italy. He 
was known as 'Bernardo di Ste£fanino 
Murer.' 

BERNICAT, Firmin (1841-1883) : d. 
Paris; dramatic composer; produced 
thirteen operettas for Paris theatres. 

BERNO AUGIENSIS (d. 1048) : 
abbot of Reichenau; author of treatises 
on music, included in Gerbert's Scrip- 
tores, vol. II. 

BERNOULU (1) Johann (1667- 
1747) : b. Basel, d. there as prof, of 
sciences; succeeded by his son. (2) 
Daniel (1700-1782) : b. Groningen, d. 
Basel. His and his father's writings 
on acoustics are of value. Ref.: VIII. 
25. (3) £:douard. See Addenda. 

BERNSDORF, Ednard (1825-1901) : 
b. Dessau, d. Leipzig; studied with 
Schneider and Marx: critic and com- 



Bemuth 

poser ; completed the writing of Schlade- 
bach's Untversal-Lexikon der Ton- 
kunst (3 vols., 1856-61; suppl., 1865). 

BERNUTH, Julius von (1830-1902) : 
b. Rees, Rhine Province, d. Hamburg; 
studied the law and music, founder 
and conductor in Leipzig of several 
music societies; conductor in Ham- 
burg of the Philharmonic and the 
Singakademie, and director of a con- 
servatory founded by himself. 

BERR, Frledrlch (1794-1838) : b. 
Mannheim, d. Paris ; bandmaster and 
clarinettist; professor at the Conserva- 
toire and director of the New School of 
Military Music. He composed for the 
clarinet, bassoon, etc., writing some five 
hundred pieces of military music. He 
published in 1836 Traite Complet de la 
Clarinette a H clefs. 

BERR£:, Ferdinand (1843- ) : b. 
Ganshoren, near Brussels; composer of 
operas and over 50 songs. 

BERSELLI. Matteo (18th cent.) : 
male soprano; sang in London, 1720- 
1721. Ref.: 1. 434. 

BERTALI, Antonio (1605-1669) : b. 
Verona, d. Vienna ; court conductor and 
composer of cantatas, oratorios and 
ten operas, produced in Mantua, Vien- 
na, etc. 

BBRTATI, Giovanni (1735-1815) : 
b. Martellago, d. Venice; operatic li- 
brettist, wrote Cimarosa's 11 Matri- 
monio Segreto. 

BERTfi, Helnricli (1858- ) : b. 
Galgocz, Hungary; composer of the 
ballets Das Marchenbuch (1890), Amor 
auf Reisen (1895), Der Karneval in 
Venedig (1900) and Automatenzauber 
(1901), and the operettas Die Schnee- 
flocke (1896), Der neue BUrgermeister 
(1904), Die Millionenbraat (1905), Der 
schotie Gardist (1907), Der kleine Cheva- 
lier (1907), Der Glilcksnarr (1909), 
Kreolenblat (1911) and Der Marchen- 
prinz (1914). 

BERTBI/MANN, Jan GeoTg (1782- 
1854): b. Amsterdam, d. there; studied 
with D. Brachthuijzer ; professor at 
the Amsterdam Royal School of Music 
and composer of a mass, a string quar- 
tet, violin and pianoforte pieces, etc. 
Cantatas, concertos, etc., remained un- 
published. 

BERTELSMAIVN, Karl August 
(1811-1861) : b. Giltersloh, Westphalia, 
d. Amsterdam; studied with Rinck; di- 
rector of singing society at Amsterdam 
and composer of choruses for men and 
for mixed voices, also of songs with 
pianoforte accompaniment and compo- 
sitions for the organ and for the 
piano. 

BERTHAUME, Isidore (1752-1802) : 
b. Paris, d. St. Petersburg; violinist 
and conductor in Paris (1774-1783), 
solo-violinist in Imperial Orchestra at 
St. Petersburg; composed sonatas, a 
symphonie concertante for two violins, 
violin solos, duos, and a concerto. Ref. : 
Vn. 410. 

BERTHELIER, Henri: violinist at 



Bertrand 

the Paris Op^ra and Paris Cons.: pro- 
fessor of violin there since 1894. 
BERTHOLD, Karl Friearlcli Theo- 

dor (1815-1882): b. Dresden, d. there; 
studied with Otto and Schneider; court 
organist; composer of a symphony, 
overtures, church music and an ora- 
torio. He wrote a brochure on musical 
instrument making in Vogtland. 

BERTI, M. A. (1721-1740) : b. Vienna, 
d. there; baritone player. 

BERTIN, Louise Ans^llque (1805- 
1877) : b. Roches, d. Paris ; studied with 
Fetis; pianist and operatic composer. 
She wrote also smaller works, among 
them 'Six Ballades.' 

BERTINI (1) Abbate Giuseppe 
(1756-1849): b. Palermo, d. there; con- 
ductor to Sicilian court; wrote musical 
dictionary, pub. Palermo 1814. (2) Be- 
nott-Augnste : b. Lyons, 1780; pupil 
of Clementi and teacher of pianoforte 
in London and elsewhere; wrote on 
Stigmatographie (Paris, 1812) and a 
'Phonological System* for acquiring fa- 
cility in execution on instruments or 
with the voice (London, 1830). (3) 
Henri-Jerome (1798-1876) : b. London, 
d. Meylan: studied with his father and 
his brother (1) and (2) ; concert pian- 
ist who toured the Netherlands and 
Germany -when twelve years of age ; 
then studied in Paris and later lived 
in Great Britain and Paris. His com- 
positions consist of chamber music 
with piano, works for piano solo, and 
technical studies of great value (re- 
printed in editions by Riemann, Bu- 
onamici, etc.). (4) Domenico (1829- 
1890): b. Lucca, d. Florence; studied 
with Pacini, maestro di cappella, critic 
and composer of chamber music, 
church music and 2 operas. He direct- 
ed the Cherubini Society in Florence. 

BERTON (1) Pierre-Montan (1727- 
1780): b. Paris, d. there; singer, con- 
cert conductor, 1759 director of the 
Paris Opera; composed operas, rear- 
ranged others by Lully, etc. (2) Hen- 
rl-JMontan (1767-1844) ; b. Paris, d. 
there; son of preceding; opera com- 
poser, pupil of Rey and Sacchini. 
He was violinist at the Op^ra, 
harmony professor at the Conserva- 
toire, conductor of the Opera buffa 
and professor of composition at the 
Conservatoire. He wrote 48 operas (in- 
cluding Montana et Stiphanie, he Dilire, 
and Aline, reine de Golconde), also 5 
oratorios, 5 cantatas, and many 'ro- 
mances,* and pub. some curious rather 
than valuable theoretical works. Ref.: 
IX. 112, 118, 225. 

BERTONI, Ferdlnando Giuseppe 
(1725-1813) : b. Island of SaI6, near 
Venice, d. Desenzano; studied with 
Martini; organist and maestro di cap- 
pella, St. Mark's, Venice, composed 
44 operas, 12 oratorios, church and 
chamber music, sonatas, etc. 

BERTRAND, Jean-Gnstave (1834- 
1880) : b. Vaugirard, near Paris, d. 
Paris; published 5 books on musical 



Bertucca 

history and criticism; contributed to 
the Pougin supplement to F^tis. 

BERTUCCA, Slgnora. Ref.: IV. 
128. 

BDRW^AIiD (1) Johann Frledricli 
(1788-1861): b. Stockholm, d. there; 
travelled as violin virtuoso in youth; 
in 1814 became concert-master, court 
conductor in 1823 in Stockholm. (2) 
Franz (1796-1868) : b. Stockholm, d. 
there ; director of Cons. ; composer of 
chamber music, symphonies and one 
opera, Estrella de Soria. Ref.: III. 78. 
(3) William (1864- ) : b. Schwerin, 
Germany; composer; studied -with 
Bheinberger and Faisst in Stuttgart; 
director of the Philharmonic Society, 
Libau, 1890; head of department of 
theory at Syracuse (N. Y.) Univ., since 
1892; conductor of choral societies; 
has composed a piano quintet, 2 can- 
tatas, 2 overtures, a sonata for violin 
and piano, songs, piano pieces, and 
anthems. 

BERWIN, Adolf (1847-1900): b. 
Schwersenz, near Posen, d. Rome; 
studied with Lechner, Frohlich, Rust, 
DessotF; director in Rome of the Royal 
Library and the Cecilia Academy; edi- 
tor and writer; author of a history of 
18th-cent. Italian dramatic music. 

BESARD (or Besardus), Jean-Bap- 
tiste (16th cent.): b. Besan?on; lute- 
nist; published compositions and ar- 
rangements for the lute (1603, 1617). 

BESCHNITT, Johannes (1825- 
1880): b. Bockau, Silesia, d. Stettin; 
teacher, cantor and conductor of men's 
chorus there; composed male choruses. 

BESEKIRSKV, Vaslli Vasillevitcli 
(1836- ) : b. Moscow ; violin virtu- 
oso and composer; soloist in Brussels, 
Paris, Madrid, Prague, etc.; composer 
of orchestral works, a violin concerto, 
numerous pieces for violin, cadenzas to 
the concertos of Beethoven, Brahms and 
Paganini; has edited the violin so- 
natas of Bach, with a valuable pref- 
ace on the music of the violin from 
the 17th to the 20th centuries (1913). 

BESLER (1) Samuel (1574-1625) : 
b. Brieg, d. Breslau, where he was or- 
ganist at St. Bernhardin, composed 
church music. (2) Simon (early 17th 
cent.): cantor at Breslau and Liegnitz; 
composed part-songs. 

BESOZZI (1) Alessandro (ca. 1700- 
1775): b. Parma, d. Turin; oboist; 
memiber of court orchestra at Turin, 
and later chamber musician and di- 
rector general of instrumental music 
there; concertized with his brothers 
Girolamo and Antonio; comp. 6 vio- 
lin sonatas with bass, numerous trio 
sonatas for flute with violin and 'cello 
(or harpsichord), 2 violins and 'cello, 
etc. (2) Carlo: son of Antonio, obo- 
ist at Dresden, 1755-72, composed oboe 
concertos, etc. (3) LfOuis-Desire (1814- 
1879): b. Versailles, d. Paris; studied 
at the Conservatoire, where he won the 
grand Prix de Rome; music teacher and 
composer in Paris, 



Bewerunge 

BESSAMS, Antoine (1809-1868) : b. 
Antwerp, d. there; violinist; composer 
of concerto, fantasies, duos, trios, etc., 
for the violin, also graduals, masses, 
motets, psalms; conductor of the 'So- 
ciSti royale d'harmonie' at Antwerp. 

BBSSON, Gustave Augnste (1820- 
1875 ) : inventor of improved valves for 
wind instruments. 

BEST, AVilllam Thomas (1826- 
1897) : b. Carlisle, England, d. Liver- 
pool; organ virtuoso; pupil of cathedral 
organist Young; organist of Pembroke 
chapel, Liverpool; Church of the 
Blind; the Philh. Society; the Panopti- 
con, London; St. Martin's, Lincoln's Inn 
chapel, London; and, 1855-94, of St. 
George's Hall, Liverpool, where his re- 
citals were a feature in local musical 
life; played concertos at many succes- 
sive Handel Festivals. He composed 
church services and anthems, sonatas, 
preludes and fugues, concert-fantasias, 
studies, etc., for organ; 2 overtures and 
a march for orchestra, and several 
piano pieces; wrote text-books of or- 
gan playing, compiled 'Handel Album' 
(20 vols.) ; and pub. many arrange- 
ments and transcriptions. Ref.: VI. 
447, 493. 

BESTANDIG, Otto (1835- ) : b. 
Striegau, Silesia; composer; studied in 
Breslau with Mettner, Freudenberg and 
Mosevius; founded a Konzertverein and 
a Cons, in Hamburg; also conducted 
the Musikgesellschaft at Wandsbek; 
composer of 2 oratorios, a quartet for 
violin, 'cello, piano and harmonium, 
piano pieces, etc.; author of Die unent- 
behrlichen Hilfswissenschaften beim 
Klavierunterricht (1872). 

BETTI, Adolf o (1875- ) : b. 
Lucca, Tuscany; violinist; studied with 
CSsar Thomson in Li^ge; soloist for 
four years in Vienna; 1900-03 In Brus- 
sels, substituting for Thomson at the 
Cons, when latter was absent, and play- 
ing in the Cons, concerts under Gevaert; 
since 1903 leader of the Flonzaley 
Quartet. 

BETTS, Thomas Fercival Mil- 
bourne (1851-1904) : English critic. 

BETZ, Franz (1835-1900) : b. May- 
ence, d. Berlin; dramatic baritone in 
German cities, including the Royal Op- 
era House at Berlin; created Hans 
Sachs (1868) and Wotan (1876). 

BEVIGNANI [Cavaliere] Enrico 
(1841-1903) : b. Naples, d. there; con- 
ductor in London, St. Petersburg, Mos- 
cow and the New York Metropolitan; 
Knight of the Order of St. Stanislas; 
prod, an opera in Naples (1863). 

BEVIN, Elway (1560 or '70-1640 
[?]) : Welsh composer, pupil of Tallis, 
etc.; abandoned position as Anglican 
organist and Gentleman Extraordinary 
in the Chapel Royal to enter the Roman 
Church; composed a Short Service, an- 
thems, etc.; wrote an 'Introduction to 
the Art of Musicke.' 

BEWERUNGB, Rev. Henry (1862-) : 
b. Letmathe, Westphalia, teacher and 



Bexneld 

writer; studied at WOrzburg Cons, and 
the Institute for Church Music at Ratis- 
bon; professor of church music, St. 
Patrick's College, Maynooth, Ireland, 
1888-1914; then professor of music at 
the National University of Ireland; au- 
thor of Die vattkantsche Choralausgabe 
(1906-07); edited Lyra Ecclesiastica, 
1891-93; contributor to Musica Sacra, 
Haberl's Handbuch der Kirchenmusik, 
'The Irish Ecclesiastical Record' and 
'The Catholic Encyclopedia'; translated 
into English Riemann's Katechismus 
der Musikdsthetik and Vereinfachte 
Harmonielehre. 

BBXFISLD, William Rlcbard 
(1824-1853): b. Norwich, d. London; 
studied with Buck, organist, Mus. D., 
composer of oratorio, fugues for the 
organ, part-songs, etc. 

BEYER (1) Johann Samuel (1669- 
1744): b. Gotha, d. Carlsbad; cantor 
and director at Weissenfels and Frei- 
berg; wrote Primae lineae musicae vo- 
calis and published 2 collections of 
festival chorales in 1716 and 1724 
and concert arias, etc. (2) Rndolpli 
(1828-1853): b. Bautzen, d. Dresden; 
composer and teacher; wrote songs, 
chamber music, etc. (3) Ferdinand 
(1805-1863): b. Querfurt, d. Mayence; 
composer of salon music. 

BEYIiE, Marie Henri. See Sten- 
dhal. 

BEYSCHIiAG, Adolf (1845- ) : b. 
Frankfort; studied with Lachner at 
Mannheim; Kapellmeister of theatres at 
Treves and Cologne; concert-master in 
Mayence and Frankfort; conductor of 
the Philharmonic Society, Belfast; dep- 
uty conductor for Kalli in Manchester; 
conductor of the Leeds Philharmonic 
Society and subscription concerts; resi- 
dent in Berlin since 1902; author of 
Die Ornamentik der Musik (1908) ; 
composer of 4-hand dances for piano 
in canon form, songs and arrange- 
ments. 

BEZZI, Giuseppe (b. 1874) : Italian 
opera composer. Ref.: III. 383. 

BIAGGI, GIroIamo Alessandro 
(1819-1897) : b. Milan, d. Florence ; 
studied Milan Conservatory, and in 
Paris; became music critic in Italy un- 
der the name of 'Ippolito d'Albano,' 
and teacher in the Royal Music Insti- 
tute of Florence. He wrote two books 
on church and dramatic music. 
^BIAL (1) Rudolf (1834-1881): b. 
Habelschwerdt, Silesia, d. New York; 
orchestral violinist in Breslau, toured 
Africa and Australia; conductor of the 
Kroll orchestra and the Wallner The- 
atre, Berlin; later conductor of Italian 
opera in Berlin, and, from 1878, con- 
cert-agent in New York; composed 
farces, operettas, etc. (2) Karl (1833- 
1892): b. Habelschwerdt, d. Steglitz; 
pianist; brother of Rudolf; accom- 
panied him on his tours. 

BIANCHI (1) Giovanni (17th cent.) : 
b. Ferrara; composer who wrote triO' 
sonatas published in Modena and Am 



Bledermann 

sterdam. (2) Francesco (1752-1810) : b. 
Cremona, d. Hammersmith; 'cellist, 
conductor and organist in Paris, Milan, 
and Venice; conducted also in Lon- 
don; prolific composer of operas. (3) 
Eliodora: contemporary operatic com- 
poser; produced with success at Bari, 
1873 and later. (4) Valentine (1839- 
1884) : b. Vilna, d. Condau, Courland; 
studied at the Paris Conservatoire; 
operatic soprano; sang in Frankfort 
(debut, 1855), Berlin, Schwerin, Stettin, 
1865, and retired five years later. 
(5) Charltas Bianca, correctly Bertha 
Schwarz (1858- ) : b. Heidelberg- 
studied with Wilczek and Viardot-Gar- 
cia; operatic soprano in Carlsruhe, 
London, Mannheim and Vienna; mar- 
ried Pollini in 1897; teacher at the Mu- 
nich Academy of Music. (6) Renzo (b, 
1887) : Italian opera composer. Ref.: 
III. 383. 

BIANCHINI (1) Pietro (1828- ) : 
b. Venice; violinist, composer, con- 
ductor and director in Trieste and in 
Venice. (2) Gnldo, contemp. Italian 
song composer. Ref.: III. 400. 

BIBER (1) Heinrlch . Ignaz Franz 
von (1644-1704) : b. Wartenberg, d. 
Salzburg; violin virtuoso, 1684, con- 
ductor and steward to the archbishop 
of Salzburg; composed church and 
chamber sonatas, violin sonatas, ves- 
pers and litanies with instr. accom- 
paniment, 2 operas produced in Salz- 
burg. Ref.: VH. 391f, 412, 422. (2) 
Aloys (1804-1858) : b. Ellingen, d. Mu- 
nich; maker of pianofortes. 

BIBL. (1) Andreas (1797-1878): Vi- 
ennese organist and composer. (2) 
Rudolf (1832-1902) : b. Vienna, d. 
there; son of Andreas, studied with 
his father and Sechter, court organ- 
ist and conductor; composer of or- 
gan pieces, fugues, sonatas, concertos, 

BICHI, Cardinal Alessandro. Ref.: 
IX. 22 

BIDEZ, 1j. Aloys (1847- ): b. 
Brussels; teacher; composer of oper- 
etta, piano concerto, etc.; lived In the 
United States, 1876-1901, then returned 
to Brussels. 

BIB, Oskar (1864- ): b. Breslau; 
studied in Breslau, Leipzig and Berlin; 
taught in the Berlin High School, wrote 
Das Klavier und seine Meister, Inttme 
Musik, Der Tanz, Die Oper, etc.; editor 
and music critic in Berlin; writer of 
arrangements, etc. Ref.: (quot. on op- 
era at Stuttgart) 11. 13; (on Gluck) 
II. 17; (on Kreisleriana) IL 308ff; (on 
Viennese dilettante music) II. 312f; 
(on effect of Paganinl on Liszt) II. 324; 
(cited) VII. 199, 322, 344; (cited on 
opera) IX. 9. 

BIEDEBMANN (1) : 18th 

cent, virtuoso and inventor; improved 
the hurdy-gurdy. (2) Edward Julins 
(1849- ): b. Milwaukee, Wis.; stud- 
ied with father, A. .Tulius, in Germany; 
organist in New York; composed 2 
grand masses, anthems, duets, etc. 



48 



BieW 

BIBHL. Albert (1833- ): b. Bu- 
dolstadt, Germany; writer of methods 
for finger technique, etudes for the 
violin, etc. 

BIBHI/E, Johannes (1870- ): b. 
Bautzen; studied at the Dresden Cons, 
and the Technische Hochschule; can- 
tor at the Bautzen Cathedral since 
1898; founded the Lausitzer Musikfeste, 
1905; appointed Klrchen musikdirektor, 
1908; author of Theorie der pneuma- 
tischen Orgeltraktur u. die Stellung 
des Spieltisches (1911) and Theorie des 
Kirchenbaues vom Standpunkte des 
Kirchenmusikers u. des Redners . . . 
mit einer Glockenkunde (1913). 

BIEHR, Oscar (1851- ) : b. Dres- 
den; studied with David in Leipzig, 
violinist, member of the Munich court 
orchestra, also quartet player; editor 
of old violin music. 

BIEIRBAITM, Otto Julius, poet. 
Ref.: V. 331; IX. 428. 

BIEREY, Gottlol) Benedlkt (1772- 
1840): b. Dresden, d. Breslau; operatic 
director, produced one opera; con- 
ductor in Breslau and Weimar; com- 
posed singspiele, cantatas, a mass, etc., 
and wrote a harmony book, not pub. 

BIERXACKI, Miclinel Marian 
(1855- ) : b. Lublin; studied in War- 
saw Conservatory, chorus director and 
composer for orchestra, violin, and pi- 
ano, also wrote songs and choruses. 

BIKSB, WUlielm (1822-1902) : b. 
Rathenow, d. Berlin; manufacturer of 
pianos in Berlin. 

BIFFI (17th-18th cent.) : Italian mu- 
sician; master of Domenico Alberti. 
Ref.: VII. 108. 

BI6AGI.IA, Dlogenlo (18th cent.) : 
Benedictine monk in Venice, wrote so- 
natas, concerti and sacred songs. 

BIGNAMI (1) Carlo (1808-1848): b. 
Cremona, d. Voghera; conductor, vio- 
linist and director in Cremona; called 
by Paganinl 'first violinist of Italy.' 
(2) Snrlco (1842-1894) : d. Genoa; vio- 
linist and dramatic composer. 

BIGNIO, liouis von (1839-1907) : b. 
Pesth, d. Vienna; lyric and oper- 
atic tenor in Pesth, the National Hun- 
garian Theatre and the Vienna Court 
Opera. 

BIGOT VE MOROttTTES (nie 
Kiene) (1786-1820) : b. Colmar, d. 
Paris; pianist in Vienna, where she 
was admired by Haydn and Beethoven; 
gave lessons to Mendelssohn in Paris; 
pub. piano pieces. 

BIHARI (1769-1827) : Hungarian 
composer. Ref.: III. 188. 

BILHOIV, Jean de (16th cent.) : 
singer and composer in the Papal 
chapel; motets and a mass preserved. 

BIIiL.I1VGS, William (1749-1800) : b. 
Boston, Mass., d. there; New England 
singing teacher, originally a tanner, 
next to Francis Hopkinson the earliest 
American composer. He wrote hymns 
and psalms, improved choir singing, 
etc.; pub. 'The New England Psalm 
Singer' (1770) and 'The Singing Mas- 

49 



Birckeustock 

ter's Assistant' (1778). Ref.: TV. 39, 
Mff, 61. 

BIIiLINGTOW (1) Theodore (18th 
cent. ) : pianist, composer and harpist. 
(2) Elizabeth (ca. 1768-1818): b. Lon- 
don, d. near Venice; studied with J. 
Chr. Bach, popular operatic soprano 
in London and Dublin, with a voice 
compassing 3 octaves. 

BILLON. See Bilhon. 

BILLROTH (1) Johann Gnstav 
Friedrich (1808-1836): b. Halle, d. 
there; composer and writer; published 
collection of 16th and 17th chorales. 
(2) Theodor (1829-1894) : b. Bergen, 
Isle of Rilgen, d. Abazzla; surgeon and 
musical amateur; friend of Brahms; 
wrote Wer ist musikalisch? (ed. by 
Hanslick, 1896). Ref.: II. 455. 

BILSE, Benjamin (1816-1902) : b. 
Liegnitz, d, there; city musician and 
conductor of his own orchestra with 
which he toured and appeared at the 
Paris World's Fair. From 1868 he 
resided in Berlin, where the 'Bilse con- 
certs' stood in high repute. A section 
of the Bilse Orchestra became the nu- 
cleus of the Berlin Philharmonic So- 
ciety. 

BINCHOIS, Gllles (Gilles de 
Binche) (ca. 1400-1460): b. Blnche 
(Bins) in Hainault, d. Lille; important 
composer of the first Netherland school ; 
of his works are preserved seven 
movements, 52 secular and 12 sacred 
chansons and 6 rondeaux; he was con- 
ductor at the court of Philip of Bur- 
gundy. Ref.: I. 244; mus. ex., XIII. 16. 

BINDBR (1) Christlleb Slegmund 
(1724-1789): d. Dresden; organist at 
the Dresden court; composed clavier 
sonatas, some with violin or violin and 
'cello; also trio sonatas, organ preludes, 
etc.; in a style akin to that of C. P. E. 
Bach. (2) Karl (1816-1860): b. Vi- 
enna, d. there; conductor and dra- 
matic composer of note. (3) Fritz 
(1873- ): b. Baltimore; received his 
training from Leschetizky and at Co- 
logne Conservatory; infant prodigy 
who toured Europe as concert pianist 
at 7 years of age; directed the vocal 
academy at Danzig. 

BINI, Fasqualino (1720-[?]): b. 
Pesaro; violinist. Ref.: VII. 403. 

BIONDI, Giovanni Battlsta: 17th 
cent, composer of masses, motets and 
concertos; Minorite monk b. in Cesena. 

BIONI, Antonio (1698-[?]) : b. Ven- 
ice; director of Italian opera troupe 
at Breslau, court composer at May- 
ence, and composed later for Vienna; 
wrote successful Italian operas. 

BIRCHALL, Robert ([?]-1819): Lon- 
don music publisher; founded the first 
circulating musical library. He pub. 
some of Beethoven's music, and man- 
aged the 'Concerts of Ancient Music' 
for a time. The firm of B. Lonsdale 
& Mills succeeded to his business. 

BIRCKENSTOCK, Johann Adam 
(1687-1733) : b. Alsfeld, Hesse, d. Eise- 
nach; studied with Fedeli, Volumier, 



Bird 

Fiorelli, de Val; conductor of chapel 
and concert; composer of violin so- 
natas, 12 concertos, and a symphony 
wltli oboe and horns. 

BIRD (1) William. See Bybd. (2) 
Arthur (1856- ) : b. Cambridge, 
Mass. ; studied with Haupt, Loschhorn, 
Rohde, Urban and Liszt; organist, 
teacher and founder of male chorus 
at Halifax, N. S. ; resident in Berlin; 
comp. a symphony, a 'Carneval Scene' 
for orch., 2 decimets for wind instr., 
pieces for organ, piano, etc., also an 
opera as "well as a ballet. Ref. : IV. 
402; VI. 460. (3) Henry Richard 
(1842-1915): b. Walthamstow, d. Lon- 
don; studied with Turle; London 
church and concert organist, teacher at 
the Royal Academy of Music. 

BIRKIiER, Georg Wilhelm (1820- 
1877) : b. Buchau, Wilrttemberg, d. 
Ehingen; composer of church music 
and writer for Catholic publications. 

BIRNBACH (1) Karl Joseph (1751- 
1805) : b. Kopernick, Silesia, d. War- 
saw ; conductor of German theatre there, 
composer, pub. piano concertos and 
violin sonatas. (2) Joseph Benjamin 
Heinrich (1795-1879) : b. Breslau, d. 
Berlin; composer of instrumental 
worlds and author of ber vollkommene 
Kapellmeister. 

BIRNSTIBL, Friedrleli Wilhelm: 
18th cent, compiler of Music of the 
Berlin School, published the collection 
called Oden und Uelodien (2 parts, 
1753-55). 

BISACCIA, Giovanni (1815-1897) : 
d. Naples; studied with Crescentinl, 
Baimondi, Donizetti; dramatic singer 
in Naples where he taught singing, was 
maestro di cappella and produced an 
opera buffa, two musical farces, etc. 

BISACOIANTI, mizn (1824-1896) : 
b. Boston, Mass.; concert and operatic 
singer appearing in America and Eu- 
rope; married the Marquis B. and be- 
came a singing teacher in Rome. 

BISCHOFP (1) Georg Friedrlch 
(1780-1841) : b. Ellrich am Harz, d. 
Hildesheim; cantor and school teacher 
at Frankenhausen, where he arranged 
the first Thuringiau Musical Festival 
(under Spohr, 1810) ; published 3 school 
song books. (2) liUdwlg Fricdrich 
Christian (1794-1867) : b. Dessau, d. 
Cologne; director of the Wesel gym- 
nasium; published and edited the Bben- 
ish and Lower Rhenish musical jour- 
nals. (3) Kaspar Jaliiob (1823-1893) : 
b. Ansbach, d. Munich ; studied in Mu- 
nich and Leipzig; vocal teacher and 
founder of Protestant singing societies; 
wrote a harmony method, symphonies 
and church music. (4) Marie. See 
Brandt, Mabianne. (5) Hans (1852- 
1889) : b. Berlin, d. Niederschonhausen, 
near there; studied with Kullak and 
Wiierst, also philosophy and modem 
languages; pianist, leader and teacher 
in Berlin; edited Kullak's Asthetik des 
Klavierspiels, works of Handel, Bach 
and Schumann, 



50 



Bizet 

BISHOP (1) John (1665-1737): b. 
Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, d. Win- 
chester; organist at Cheltenham and 
Blackburn. Some of his compositions 
are preserved in Barnard's Church 
Music. (2) [Sir] Henry Rowley 
(1786-1855): b. London, d. there; pupil 
of Francesco Blanchi; composer and 
director of Covent Garden, 1810; di- 
rector of the newly founded Philhar- 
monic Soc, 1813, conductor of the ora- 
torio concerts in Covent Garden, 1819, 
musical director at Vauxhall, 1830, pro- 
fessor of music at Edinburgh, 1841-42, 
at Oxford, 1848, Mus. Doc, 1853; also 
conducted the Antient Concerts, 1840- 
48. He prod. 110 stage works, an ora- 
torio, cantata, triumphal ode, etc.; pub. 
a vol. Melodies of Various Nations, 8 
vols. Irish melodies with words by 
Thos. Moore. Ref.: V. 105, 172, 267. (3) 
Anne or Anna (nie RiviSre) (1814- 
1884): b. London, d. New York; so- 
prano; second wife of Sir Henry; made 
concert tours in Europe, America and 
Australia, accompanied by the harpist 
Boscha (q.v.), and, after his death, 
married an American, Schulz, and again 
made world tours. 

BISPHAM, David [Senll] (1857-) : 
b. Philadelphia; baritone; studied with 
Vannuccini and Lamperti; concert and 
operatic baritone; made bis d^but in 
London in 1891; has sung leading 
roles in French, Italian and German 
opera at Covent Garden and the Metro- 
politan, New York; distinguished as 
singer, reader and teacher (New York). 
Ref.: rv. 147; portrait, V. 364. 

BITTER, Karl Hermann (1813- 
1885): b. Schwedt-on-Oder, d. Berlin; 
pub. /. S. Bach (2 vols., 1865; 4 vols., 
1881), K. Ph. E. a. W. F. Bach und 
deren Bruder (2 vols., 1868), etc. 

BITTI, Martino (18th cent.) : coin- 
poser of flute sonatas w. continuo, trio 
sonatas, violin concerto. 

BITTNBR, Jnlius (1874- ): 
wrote 4 operas produced in Vienna, one 
not prod., a ballet-opera, choruses and 
songs. Ref.: IX. 424f. 

BITTONI. Bernardo (1755-1829) : b. 
Fabriano, d. there; city conductor at 
Rieti, cathedral conductor at Fabriano, 
composer of sacred music. 

BIZFT, [Alexandre Cesar Leopoid] 
Georges (1838-1875) : b. Paris, d. Bou- 
gival; son of a singing teacher. He en- 
tered the Paris Conservatoire at the 
age of 9, and studied there for 10 years, 
winning numerous prizes. His teachers 
were Marmontel (piano), Benoist (or- 
gan), Zimmermann (harmony) and 
Halevy (composition). In 1857 he won 
the grand Prix de Rome, soon after he 
had written an operetta, Le Docteur 
Miracle, for a competition set by Of- 
fenbach. From Italy he sent an Italian 
opera, Don Procopio (found in 1895; 
prod, at Monte Carlo, 1906), two move- 
ments of a symphony, an overture, and 
a comic opera. La gazld de I'dmir. Af- 
ter his return from Italy he prod, the 



Bjornson 

operas Les pecheurs de perles (1863), 
La jolie fllle de Perth (1862) and 
Djamileh (1 act, 1873) ; also wrote Inci- 
dental music to Daudet's drama, 
L'Arlisienne, familiar as a concert 
suite; 3 other suites, L'Arlistenne II, 
Roma and Jeux d^enfance, an overture, 
Patrie, and 3 symphonies, of which 
single movements were first performed 
by Pasdeloup. In 1875 appeared Car- 
men, his most famous work (libretto 
by Ludovie Halivy from the story of 
Prosper Merim^e). B. finished Hal^vy's 
opera, Vanina d*Ornano. His wife, 
Genevifeve, was Hal^vy's daughter. 
Ref.: II. 53, 390fT; III. 7, 278, 283; V. 
315; VII. 462; orchestral works, VIII. 
342/f; opera, IX. xiii, 223, 238, 247/r, 
442, 443; mus. ex., XIII. 270; portrait, 
DC. 248. 

BjaRlVSON, BJSmstjerne. Ref. : 
m. 87, 89; VIII. 350; X. 104. 

BI/ACHE: (ballet composer). Ref.: 
X. 102. 

BliACK, Andrew (1859- ): b. 
Glasgow; organist, who after studying 
with Randegger and Scafati, sang in 
oratorio in England and America; 
Instructor in the Royal College of Mu- 
sic, Manchester. 

BLACKBURN, Vernon (1867-1907) : 
d. Paddington, London; London music 
critic on Westminster Gazette; wrote 
•The Fringe of an Art.' 

BliAES (1) Arnold Joseph (1814- 
1892): b. Brussels, d. there; studied 
with Bachmann, whom he succeeded 
in the Royal Orch. and as teacher of the 
clarinet at the Conservatory of Brus- 
sels. (2) (nie Meerti), Elllsa: wife of 
(1) ; coloratura singer. (3) Eldonard 
(1846- ) : b. Ghent; after study at 
the Conservatories of Ghent and Brus- 
sels, he went to B^no!t at Antwerp; 
church conductor and musical director 
at Ghent, where he taught the bassoon 
at the Conservatory and was solo per- 
former on the bassoon at the French 
theatre. He has conducted choral so- 
cieties with success, and composed 
choruses and songs. 

BLAGROVE (1) Henry Gamble 
(1811-1872): b. Nottingham, d. London; 
studied at the newly opened Royal 
Academy of Music, then with Francois 
Cramer, later with Spohr; violinist in 
the private orchestra of Queen Ade- 
laide, from 1834 in London orchestras. 
(2) Richard ([?]-1895) : b. Notting- 
ham, d. London; brother of Henry, 
viola player in quartet and orchestra in 
London; performer at the Three Choir 
Festivals. 

BLAHAG, or Blahak, Joseph (1779- 
1846): b. Raggendorf, d. Vienna; tenor 
and church conductor In Vienna; com- 
posed church music, offertories, etc. 

BliAHETKA, Marie L,eopoiaine 
(1811-1887): b. Guntramsdorf, n. Vi- 
enna, d. Boulogne-sur-Mer ; studied 
with Czerny, Moscheles, Kalkbrenner, 
Sechter; pianist and composer of high 
standing; virtuoso on the physharmon- 



Blangini 

ica. Her compositions were for the 
piano (sonatas, rondos, and concert 
pieces) ; she also produced at the Kart- 
nerthor Theatre a little opera. Die 
Rduber und der Sanger (1831)). 

BLAHOSLAV, Johannes ([?]-1571): 
bishop of the Bohemian Brother- 
hood, author of the earliest Bohemian 
theoretical work, Masica (1558) ; pub. 
(with Johann Czerny) the great Czech 
Cantionale, a collection of 744 songs 
with melodies (1561). 

BLAINVILLE, Charles Henri 
(1711-1769): b. near Tours, d. Paris; 
pub. Sonatas pour le Dessus de Viole 
avec la B.C., a symphony and cantatas, 
edited Tartini*s sonatas as concert! 
gross! and wrote several theoretical 
works. He advocated the recognition 
of the pure minor mode as a 3rd mode 
(mode kellinique), produced a sym- 
phony in this mode (concerts spirituels, 
1751) which aroused the admiration of 
Rousseau. Serre combatted B.'s theory 
successfully. 

BLAISE, Adolphe ([?]-1772): bas- 
soonist at the Paris Comedie Italienne; 
composed some of the first operas 
comiques to texts by Favart, also bal- 
lets for the Italian opera. 

BLAMONT, [Fran?ois] Coltn de 
(1690-1760): b. Versailles, d. there; 
composed operas, ballets, cantatas, 
songs, etc. ; wrote an essay on music 
and held the position of superintendent 
of music to the King. 

BLANC (1) Adolphe (1828-1885): b. 
Manosque, Lower Alps, d. Paris; stud- 
ied at the Conservatoire, then with 
Hal^vy; conducted Theatre Lyrique, 
composed chamber music (for which he 
received the Prix Chartier of the 
AcadSmie, 1862), 2 operettas, a comic 
opera, songs, etc. (2) Clandlns, or 
Claude (1854-1900) : b. Lyons, d. there ; 
studied in Paris Cons.; directed Mar- 
seilles music-school, chorus-master of 
the Paris Opera; wrote an orchestral 
piece and songs. 

BLANCHARD, Henri Lonis 
(1778-1858) : b. Bordeaux, d. Paris ; 
studied with Kreutzer, Beck, Walter, 
M^hul, Reicha; theatre-conductor in 
Paris, composer of chamber music, 
operas, etc.; musical biographer and 
critic. 

BLAND (1) nie Romanzini, Maria 
Theresa (1769-1838) : popular Italian 
singer in England. (2) Charles: son 
of (1), tenor. (3) James (1798-1861): 
bass. 

BLANGINI, Giuseppe Marco Maria 
Felice (1781-1841): b. Turin, d. Paris; 
choirboy at Turin cathedral; moved to 
Paris, where he gave concerts and be- 
came popular as an opera composer; 
appointed court Kapellmeister at Mu- 
nich, 1806, and director of music for 
the Princess Borghese; made general 
musical director at Cassel by King 
Jerome, 1809; superintendent of the 
King's music, composer to the Court 
and professor of singing at the Cou- 



51 



Blankenbnrg 

servatoire, Paris, 1814-30; composed 30 
operas, 4 masses with orchestra, 170 
notturnos for 2 voices and 174 ro- 
mances for one voice. 

BLANKENBURG (1) Qnlrln van 
(1654-1749) : b. Gouda, Holland, d. The 
Hague; organist and author of a book 
on the elements of music and Clavi- 
cembel en Orgelboek der gereformeerde 
psalmen en Kerkgezangen ; also a meth- 
od for the cross flute, etc. (2) Cliris- 
tlan Frledrich von <1744-1796) : b. 
Kolberg, Pomeranla, d. Leipzig; Prus- 
sian officer, who, after retiring in 1777, 
pub. a supplement to Sulzer's Theorie 
der Schonen Kilnste (1792-4). 

BLARAMBERG, Paul Ivanovltcll 
(1841- ): b. Orenburg, Russia; stud- 
led with Balaklreff; lawyer, statistician, 
journalist and editor in Moscow of the 
'Russian News' ; composer of three 
operas, produced In St. Petersburg and 
Moscow, a cantata, and Incidental mu- 
sic to Ostrowsky's Voievode, a sym- 
phony, symph. poems, orch. scherzo, 
songs, choruses, etc. Ret.: III. 135f; 
IX. 413. 

BliASI, liuca (16th cent.) : Italian 
organ builder. Ref. : VI. 405. 

BliASIUS, Matheieu-Frederlc (1758- 
1829) : b. Lauterburg, Alsace, d. Ver- 
sailles; professor of wind instruments 
at the Paris Conservatoire, performer 
on violin, clarinet, Hute, and bassoon; 
conductor at the Op^ra-Comlque and 
composer of trios, quartets, etc., for 
wind instr., concertos for clarinet, bas- 
soon, etc., 3 violin concertos, 12 string 
quartets, etc., also 2 comic operas; also 
pub. a Clarinet Method (1796). 

BI/ATT, PranK Thaddaus (1793- 
[?]) : b. Prague; clarinettist; studied 
in Vienna and Prague; composer for 
clarinet, which he taught at the Prague 
Conservatory, and author of a Clarinet 
Method (1728) and a Vocal Method 
(1830). 

BI-ATJWAERT, Emll (1845-1891) : 
b. St. Nikolaas, ]3elglum, d. Brussels; 
studied at Brussels Cons., concert and 
dramatic bass-baritone; sang Gurne- 
manz In the Bayreuth performance of 
Parsifal. 

BLAZE. See Castil-Blaze. 

BL.ECH, L,eo (1871- ) : b. Aachen, 
studied music with Bargiel and Rudorff 
in Berlin; was conductor during winter 
season at Aachen municipal theatre 
(1892-98), where his operas Aglaja 
(1893) and Cherubina (1894) were pro- 
duced; continued his studies during 
summers with Humperdlnck ; 1899 con- 
ductor at Lojidestheater, Prague; 1906 
conductor at Royal opera, Berlin, where 
since 1913 he Is general musical di- 
rector. Among his compositions are 
songs, piano pieces, three symphonic 
poems for orchestra (Die Nonne, Trost 
in der Natur, Waldwanderung) ; and 
choruses. His one-act comic opera Das 
war ich (Dresden, 1902) was well re- 
ceived. B. has since written Aschen^ 
brodel (Prague, 1905), and Versiegelt 



52 



Bloch 

(Hamburg, 1908, later in New York). 
He married the singer Martha Frank. 
Ref.: III. 249; IX. 432. 

BLEICHMANN, Jnllns Ivanovltch 

(1868-1909) : b. St. Petersburg, d. there; 
composer and conductor, pupil of the St. 
Petersburg conservatory (Solovjev and 
Rimsky-Korsakoff, also Reinecke and 
Jadassohn, Leipzig). In 1893-94 he 
established the St. Petersburg popular 
symphony concerts; and 1894-95 was 
conductor of the Philharmonic con- 
certs. B. has composed songs, piano 
pieces, some chaniber and orcliestra 
music, choral works and two operas. 
Ref.: III. 155. 

BLETZACHER, Joseph (1835-1895) : 
b. Schwoich, Tyrol, d. Hanover; bass 
in the Hanover Royal Theatre. 

BI/EWITT, Jonathan (1782-1853) : 
b. London, d. there; studied with 
his father and BattishlU; organist 
in London, the provinces, and Dublin; 
conductor in Dublin, music director In 
London, and composer of dramatic in- 
cidental music, pantomimes, popular 
songs, etc. He pub. 'The Vocal As- 
sistant.' 

BliEYI/B, Karl (1880- ) : b. Feld- 
kirch, Vorarlberg; composer; studied 
with Wehrle, Singer and de Lange in 
Stuttgart and Thuille in Munich; com- 
poser of a symphony, a concerto for 
violin and orchestra, Flagellantenzug 
and Gnomentanz for orchestra, Sie- 
gesoavertilre and the overture Reineke 
Fuchs for orchestra. An den Mistral 
and other excerpts from Nietzsche, 
for male chorus, Lernf lachen (after 
Nietzsche) for alto, baritone, mixed 
chorus and orch.; Mignons Bei- 
setzung for mixed chorus, boys' chorus 
and orch., Heilige Sendang for tenor 
and baritone, chorus and orch., Die 
Hollenfahrt Christi for baritone, men's 
chorus and orch.. Chorus mysticus 
(from Faust) for mixed chorus, piano 
and harmonium, Ein Harfenklang for 
alto, mixed chorus and orchestra, Pro- 
metheus for male chorus and orchestra, 
piano pieces, songs, etc. 

BLIED, Jakob (1844-1884) : b. 
Briihl-on-Rhine, d. there; composer of 
motets, masses and studies for piano, 
violin and voice; pupil and teacher at 
the Seminary there. 

BLISS, Paul P. (1872- ): b. in 
Chicago; organist and editor; studied 
with Clarke and Zeckwer, Philadelphia, 
and Guilmant and Massenet, Paris; or- 
ganist at Oswego, N. Y., 1900-4; musi- 
cal editor with John Church Co., 1904- 
10, with Willis Music Co. since 1911; 
composer of operettas, cantatas, piano 
pieces, songs, etc. Ref.: IV. 245. 

BLITHEMAN, -William (d. 1591) : 
organist; teacher of John Bull. His 
organ and virginal compositions are 
among the earliest extant. He was the 
Master of Choristers at Christ Church, 
Oxford, then organist of the Chapel 
Royal, London. Ref.: VI. 448. 

BLOCH (1) Georg (1847-1910): b. 



Blocks 

Breslau, d. Berlin; studied with 
Hainsch, Schubert, Taubert, Geyer; 
founder of an Opera Society wlilch he 
directed in Berlin. His compositions 
include choral works with orcliestra. 
(2) Josef (1862- ): b. Pesth; stud- 
ied with Hubay and Volkmann, and 
at the Paris Cons, with Dancla; mem- 
ber of the Hubay-Popper Quartet; 
violin teacher at the Hungarian 
National Cons., 1890-1900; has com- 
posed a Hungarian overture, a Hun- 
garian rhapsody, and 2 suites for or- 
chestra, 2 grand suites for strings, a 
violin concerto, a string quartet, pieces 
and etudes for violin; pub. a method 
for violin. In 5 parts (1904). (3) 
Brnest (1880- ): b. Geneva; stud- 
led with Jaques-Dalcroze and Rey at 
the Brussels Cons., with Ysaye and 
Basse, and at the Hoch Cons., Frank- 
fort, with Knorr; professor of compo- 
sition at the Geneva Cons, from 1915; 
composer of the opera Macbeth, 2 sym- 
phonic poems, Trois Poimes juifs for 
orchestra, settings of psalms 22, 114 
and 137 for soli and orchestra, Poimes 
d'Automne for mezzo-soprano with 
orchestra, string quartet, etc. 

BLiOCKX, Jan (1851-1912) : b. Ant- 
werp; studied with Callaerts, Benolt 
and Brassin; teacher of harmony at the 
Antwerp Cons.; mus. dir. of the Cercle 
artistique, etc.; composed 7 operas, 
a pantomime, a ballet, an orchestral 
overture, and two compositions for a 
double-chorus, soli and orchestra, etc. 
Ref.: VI. 392. 

BLODEK, ■Wilhelm (1834-1874) : 
student and teacher in Prague Cons., 
composer of a comic opera produced in 
Prague and Leipzig, an unfinished 
opera, a mass, an overture, male quar- 
tets, etc. Ref.: III. 180. 

BliOIV, Frana; von (1861- ) : b. 
Berlin; studied at the Stern Cons, and 
the Hochschule fiir Musik; leader of 
the Hamburg Stadttheater Orchestra; 
conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic 
Blase-Orchester from 1898, and of the 
Berlin Tonkttnstler Orchestra from 
1900; composer of the operettas Sub 
rosa (1887) and Die Amazone (1903), 
a ballet Jn Afrika (1899), orchestral and 
piano music, songs, etc. 

BliONDEAU, Pierre Angnste 
lionls (1784-1865) : b. Paris, d. there ; 
studied at the Conservatoire where he 
won the prix de Rome in 1808; viollst 
at the Opera; composer of an opera, 
a ballet, a mass, overtures, church and 
chamber music, piano compositions 
and songs; pub. theoretical works. 

BLONDELi, media;val minstrel. Ref. : 
V. 137f. 

BL.OOMF'ISIiD-ZBISL.ER, Fanny. 
See Zeisler, Fanny Bloomfield. 

BLOW, John (1648-1708) : b. N. Col- 
lingham, Nottinghamshire, d. London; 
chorister at the Chapel Royal, pupil of 
John Hingeston and Dr. Chr. Gibbons; 
organist of Westminster Abbey, 1669, 
resigned in favor of Purcell in 1680 and 



Blathiiei« 

was reappointed after the latter's death 
(1695). Became gentleman of the 
(ihapel Royal, succeeded Humphreys as 
Master of the Children; later organist 
and composer to the Chapel Royal. 
Mus. Doc. Oxon. He composed much 
church-music (services, anthems, odes 
for St. Cecilia's day and New Year's), 
also organ-music, pieces for harpsi- 
chord, and songs. Ref.: VI. 451, 475. 

BLUM, Karl Ludwlg (1786-1844) : 
b. Berlin, d. there; studied with H. 
Grossi, F. A. Hiller and Salieri; was 
manager at the Berlin Opera, dramatic 
composer (thirty operas, ballets, vaude- 
villes, etc.) ; 'cellist, organist, singer, 
actor and poet; composer of music for 
voice and instruments. He translated 
F^tis' La m^usique mise a la portie de 
tout le monde (1830), etc., and wrote 
a guitar method. 

BliUMENFSLD, Felix lUlotaailo- 
vitch (1863- ) : b. Kovalevska, Rus- 
sia; studied at tlie St. Petersburg Cons, 
and since 1885 professor there; con- 
ductor of the Imp. Opera, 1898-1912. He 
composed songs, piano pieces. Allegro 
for piano and orch., symphony, string 
quartet, etc. Ref.: III. 145. 

BLVMENSCHBIIV, William Leon- 
ard (1849-1916) : b. Brensbach, Ger- 
many, d. Dayton, O.; studied at the 
Leipzig Cons.; organist in Dayton from 
1897; director of the Dayton Philhar- 
monic Society from 1881; chorus mas- 
ter of the Cincinnati May Festival 
Assoc, 1891-1896, and conductor of sev- 
eral smaller societies; composer of 
piano pieces, anthems, sacred songs, 
secular songs and choruses. 

BLUMEIVTHAL (1) Joseph von 
(1782-1850): b. Brussels, d. Vienna; 
studied with Abbi Vogler in Prague 
and Vienna; violinist, church choir- 
master and composer of an opera, a 
ballet, string quartets, violin music, 
and a violin method. (2) Jacoh or 
Jacques (1829-1908) : b. Hamburg, d. 
London; studied with Grund, Bocklet, 
Sechter, Herz, Halevy; pianist to the 
Queen of England; teacher and com- 
poser of pianoforte salon-music, pieces 
for 'cello and violin, songs, etc. (3) 
Paul (1843- ): b. Steinau-on-Oder; 
organist and Royal Musikdirektor in 
Frankf ort-on-Oder ; composer of music 
for orchestra, masses, motets. 

BLUMNER, Martin (1827-1901) : b. 
Fiirstenberg, Mecklenburg; studied in 
Berlin with Dehn; conductor of the 
Berlin Singakademie; Royal Musikdi- 
rektor and professor; composer of two 
oratorios, cantatas, church music, etc. 

BLt^THNER, Julius Ferdinand 
(1824-1910) : b. Falkenhain, near Merse- 
burg, d. Leipzig; founder, 1853, of the 
piano manufacturing business which 
bears his name; obtained a patent for 
improvements in piano construction, 
1856; his Arm rapidly became one of 
the largest of its kind in Europe and 
his instruments won the highest prizes 
at exhibitions all over the world. The 



53 



Bobiuski 

Blilthner specialty is the so-called 
Aliquotflugel, having a second set of 
strings for sympathetic vibration (1 
octave higher). B. pub. with Dr. Gret- 
schel a Lehrbuch des Pianofortebaues. 

BOBINSIU, Henry Antonovltch 
(1861- ): b. Warsaw; studied at 
Warsaw Cons, and Moscow Philhar- 
monic School where he later taught; 
pianist in Russia, Vienna, etc.; teacher 
for the Imperial Russian Musical Soc, 
Kieff. His compositions include minor 
works for piano and a piano concerto, 
an overture, variations for string quar- 
tet, etc. 

BOCCACIO. Ref.: VH. 373. 

BOCCHERINI, liUigl (1743-1805) : 
b. Lucca, Italy, d. Madrid; studied with 
Vannucci, and in Rome ; accomplished 
'cellist; toured with the violinist Man- 
fredi; celebrated as a composer of 
chamber music and one of the pioneers 
of the string quartet (cf. Haydn). B. 
became chamber-virtuoso to the In- 
fante Luis, at Madrid, and later to the 
King; he dedicated a work to Friedrich 
Wilhelm II. of Prussia in 1787, and 
won the title of chamber-composer, 
with a salary which ceased at the 
King's death (1797) ; henceforth B. 
labored under the stress of poverty, 
though for a time under the patronage 
of Lucien Bonaparte. His works in- 
clude 2 octets, 16 sextets, 125 string 
quintets, 12 piano quintets, 18 quintets 
for strings and flute (or oboe), 91 string 
quartets, 54 string trios, 42 trios, sona- 
tas and duets for vln., etc.; besides 20 
symphonies, an opera, an orchestral 
suite, a 'cello concerto, and church 
music. Ref.: IL 2, 67, 68f, 70, 97; III. 
386; chamber music VII. 404, i87ff, 
491, 591; orchestral music, "VIII. 167, 
169; mus. ex., XIIL 111; portrait, VII. 
488. 

BOCHKOIiTZ-PALCONI, Anna 

(1820-1879) : b. Frankfort-on-Main, d. 
Paris; singer in concerts of the Brus- 
sels Cons., then in the Paris Concerts 
de musique ancienne; sang also in Lon- 
don, Italy and Coburg, from 1856 taught 
in Paris, where she published songs 
and vocal exercises. 

BOCHSA (1) Karl (late 18th cent.- 
1821) : oboist in Lyons, later in Bor- 
deaux and Paris; in Paris he en- 
gaged in music-selling. He wrote meth- 
ods for clarinet and flute, quartets for 
violin, viola, clarinet and 'cello, 6 duos 
concertants for two oboes. (2) Robert 
Nicolas Cburles (1789-1856) : b. Mont- 
medy, Meuse, d. Sydney, Australia ; 
studied at Bordeaux and at the Con- 
servatoire. He was court harpist to 
Napoleon and Louis XVIII, teacher of 
Parish-Alvars and of Chatterton in Lon- 
don, where he became professor of the 
harp at the Royal Academy of Music 
(1822-1827) ; he directed the Italian 
Opera at the King's Theatre and in 1837 
began a tour with Mrs. Bishop, during 
which he died in Australia. He pro- 
duced four ballets and an oratorio in 



Bodenschatz 

England, seven comic operas at the 
Paris Op^ra and also wrote composi- 
tions and a method for the harp. 

BOCKBLER, Helnrich (1836-1899) : 
b. Cologne, d. Aachen; priest, cathedral 
choir director and leader of a school 
for church music in Aachen, where he 
edited the Gregoriasblatt and wrote 
church music. i 

BUCKH, Fliilipp August (1785- 
1867): b. Carlsruhe, d. Berlin; philolo- 
gist and professor at Berlin University, 
author of De metris Pindari. 

BOCKIiET, Karl Maria von (1801- 
1881): b. Prague, d. Vienna; studied 
with Zawora, Pixis and Dionys Weber; 
violinist in a Viennese theatre, then 
virtuoso and teacher of the piano. 
Beethoven and Schubert were his 
friends, and among his pupils he count- 
ed Kohler and Blumenthal. 

BOCKIjIN, Arnold: German painter. 
Ref.: in. 152; VIL 420f, 463. 

BOCKMtlHL, Robert Emit (1822- 
1881): b. Frankfort on Main, d. there; 
'cellist; wrote concerto and a method 
for 'cello. 

BOCKSHORN ('CapricornuH') 
Samuel (1629.^665) : b. Germany, d. 
Stuttgart; cantor, teacher at Reutlingen, 
Pressburg and Nuremburg; composed 
for voice and instruments, spiritual 
harmonies, concertos, songs, etc., also 
the oratorio Judicium Salomonis, 

BODANZKY, Artur (1877- ) : b. 
Vienna; conductor; studied at the Vi- 
enna Cons.; first violinist at the Court 
Opera; conductor of operettas at the 
Stadttheater, Budweis, 1900, at the 
Karl Theatre, Vienna, 1901; repetitor 
and assistant to Mahler at the Vienna 
Court Opera, 1903; conductor at the 
Theater an der Wien, 1904; Lortzing 
Theatre, Berlin, 1905; Landestheater 
and symphony concerts, Prague, 1906-9; 
first conductor and operatic director at 
the Grand-Ducal Theatre, and conductor 
of symphony and oratorio concerts, 
Mannheim, 1909-14; conducted Parsifal 
at Covent Garden, 1914; conductor of 
German operas at the Metropolitan Op- 
era House, New York, since 1915. 

BODE, Johann Joachim Christoph 
(1730-1793) : b. Barum, Brunswick, d. 
Weimar; studied with Kroll in Bruns- 
wick; 1755 court-oboist at Celle, teacher 
at Hamburg, printer and publisher 
there; from 1788 lived in Weimar. He 
wrote symphonies, concertos for 'cello, 
violin and bassoon, solos for viola 
d'amour, songs, etc.; wrote Mehr Noten 
als Text (ca. 1790), translated and edit- 
ed Bumey's reports on music in Ger- 
many. 

BODECKBR, Louis (1845-1899) : b. 
Hamburg, d. there; studied with Marx- 
sen ; teacher and critic in Hamburg, 
where he published songs and works 
for pianoforte. He died leaving un- 
published choral, orchestral and cham- 
ber music. 

BODENSCHATZ, Erhard (1576- 
1638) : b. Lichtenberg, d. Gross-Oster- 



54 



Bodenstein 

hausen, near Querfurt; cantor at 
Schulpforta, pastor in Reyhausen and 
Gross-Osterhausen ; he wrote churcli 
music and collected the Florilegium 
Portense (1663) and the Florilegium 
selectissimorum hymnoruniy (motets of 
contemporary composers), 1606. 

BODENSTEIN, Hermann (1823- 
1902): b. Gandersheim, d. Brunswick; 
organist and music teacher tliere. 

BODIN, Francois Etlenne (1793- 
1862) : b. Paris, d. there ; professor of 
harmony at the Conservatoire; wrote 
a book on the elements of music. 

BODINtJS, Sebastian (early 18th 
cent.) : violinist, composer and con- 
ductor, who lived in Altenburg and 
Wilrttemburg and wrote sonatas, trios, 
'quattros,' etc., for strings. 

BOEHE, Ernst (1880- ) : b. Mu- 
nich; studied with Louis, Thuille and 
Schwartz; with Courvoisler conducted 
the popular symphony concerts in Mu- 
nich, 1907; became court Kapellmeister 
in Oldenburg In 1913. He composed 
Odysseus' Fahrten (4 parts) for orch., 
Taormina, Tragic Overture, Symphonic 
Epilogue, Comedy Overture and songs. 

BOEKELMANN, Bernardns (1838-) : 
b. Utrecht, Holland; pianist; studied 
with his father, at the Leipzig Cons, 
and with von Bulow, Kiel and Weitz- 
mann. In 1864 he became court pianist 
in Mexico, two years later went to New 
York, where he taught and founded 
the Soirees of the New York Trio 
Club. He directed the music at Miss 
Porter's School, Farmington (1883-97), 
then returned to New York. His com- 
positions are for orchestra, pianoforte 
and violin; he edited Bach's 'Well-Tem- 
pered Clavichord' (in colors). 

BOELLMANN, LSon (1862-1897) : b. 
Ensisheim, Alsace, d. Paris; studied at 
the Niedermeyer School for Church Mu- 
sic; organist at St. Vincent de Paul in 
Paris, composed 68 works, including 
a prize symphony, a prize quartet and 
prize trio for piano, 100 minor pieces 
for the organ, an organ suite, a rhap- 
sody for piano, an organ and orchestral 
fantasia, etc. fie/.: VI. 486. 

BOELY, Alexandre Pierre Fran- 
cois (1785-1858) : b. Versailles, d. 
Paris; studied at the Conservatoire; 
pianist and violinist, composer of sona- 
tas for piano, violin, etc. Ref.: VI. 466. 

BOERS, Joseph Karel (1812-1896): 
b. Nymwegen, Holland, d. Delft; con- 
ductor and writer. 

BOESSET (1) Antoine, JSlenr de 
Vllledleu (ca. 1585-1643) : intendant of 
music to Louis XIII., composed ballets 
for court festivities, etc. (2) Jean- 
Baptiste (1612-1685) : sou of Antoine. 
Succeeded to his father's position in 
the Court of Louis XIV. (3) Clande- 
Jean-Baptiste (ca. 1636- [?]) : in 1667 
succeeded his father, Jean-Baptiste, as 
court composer. He published also 
duets under the title Fruits d'Anto- 
nine (1684). 

BOETIVS (or Boetbliu), Anicius 



Bohm 

Manilas Torqnatus Severlnus (ca. 
475-524[6?]) : b. Rome, executed there, 
for alleged treason, by Theodoric; phil- 
osopher and mathematician; author of 
a Latin treatise on Greek music, De 
Musica, which was the chief source for 
medieval theorists. It has been several 
times reprinted and transl. into Ger- 
man by Oscar Paul (Leipzig, 1872). 
Ref.: 1. 151. 

BOHEIM, Joseph Michael (1748- 
1811): b. Prague, d. Berlin; actor and 
singer, whose Freimaurerlieder mil 
Melodien (Songs of Free Masons, with 
Melodies), 1793-95, included composi- 
tions of Mozart, P. E. Bach, Haydn, 
Salieri, and many other composers. 

BOHLMANN (1) Georg Karl 
(1838- ): b. Copenhagen; organist, 
musical director in Copenhagen; com- 
poser of orchestral and vocal works. 
(2) Theodor Heinrich Frledrich 
(1865- ): b. Osterwieck am Harz; 
concert pianist, whose training was ac- 
quired in Leipzig and Berlin. After a 
successful German tour in 1890 he set- 
tled in Cincinnati as professor of piano 
at the Conservatory. 

BOHM (1) Georg (1651-1733): b. 
Hohenkirchen, d. Liineburg; composer 
whose clavier works count among the 
most important before Bach, whom he 
influenced (Prelude Fugue and Post- 
lude, French Suite, 3 little suites, 18 
chorale preludes, cantatas, etc., pre- 
served). He lived in Hamburg from 
1639 and was organist in Liineburg 
from 1698. Ref.: I. 451, 457; VII. 16. 
(2) Theobald (1794-1881) : b. Munich, 
d. there; inventor of the 'Bohm flute'; 
flutist, composer for flute and member 
of the royal orchestra. His method 
constitutes a new departure in the con- 
struction of wood-wind instruments. 
He fixed the position and size of the 
holes so as to obtain purity and full- 
ness of tone rather than convenience 
in fingering, all holes being covered by 
keys. The bore also is modified, result- 
ing in a remarkable change of tone. 
Ref.: VIIL 29, 35, 104. (3) Joseph 
(1795-1876) : b. Pesth, d. Vienna ; vio- 
linist; made a concert-tour at age of 8 
to Poland and St. Petersburg, where 
he studied under P. Rode; made d^but 
at Vienna (1815), where he became 
violin professor at the Cons. (1819) 
and played in the Imperial orchestra. 
Among his pupils are Joachim, Ernst, 
Auer, Hellmesberger (Sr.), Singer, Lud- 
wig, Strauss, Rappoldi, Hauser, etc. 
He composed concert pieces and quar- 
tets; also songs, duets, etc. Ref.: VII. 
445. (4) Joseph (1841-1893): b. Kiih- 
nitz, Moravia, d. Vienna; pupil of 
Bocklet and Krenn, Vienna; organist, 
choirmaster. Kapellmeister at the 
Hof pfarrkirche ; director of a school of 
church-music in Vienna. 

BOHM, Karl (1844- ): b. Berlin; 
pupil of Bischoff, Loschhorn, Relss- 
mann and Geyer; resident in Berlin; 
has written much salon music, trios. 



55 



Bohine 

etc., and songs which have become 
very popular. 

BOHMB (1) Johann Angnst (1766- 
[?]) : b. Eisleben, d. Hamburg; found- 
er of a music-publishing firm at Ham- 
burg, 1794, in the management of 
which he was succeeded by his son, 
Justus Eld^vard, in 1839, and the 
latter by a grandson, August Cranz. 

(2) Franz Magnus (1827-1898): 
b. Willerstedt, near Weimar, d. 
Dresden; studied with Topfer In 
Weimar and with Hauptmann and 
Rietz in Leipzig; music teacher in 
Dresden for 20 years; teacher of coun- 
terpoint and history of music at the 
Hoch Cons., Frankfort, 1878-85; author 
of Altdeutsches Liederbuch (1877), 
Aufgabenbach zum Studium der Ear- 
monie (1880), Knrsus der Harmonie 
(1882), Geschichte des Tanzes in 
Deutschland (1886), VolkstUmliche 
Lieder der Deutschen im 18. und 19. 
Jahrh. (1895), Deutsches Kinderlied und 
Kinderspiel (1897) ; edited Erk's 
Deutscher Liederhort (3 vols., 1893-94). 

BOHMBR, Karl Hermann Bhr- 
fried (1799-1884): b. The Hague, d. 
Berlin; studied with PoUedro; violinist 
in Berlin royal orchestra; composed 
operas, music for orchestra and for 
violin, etc. 

BOHIV, Emil (1839-1909): b. Bielau; 
abandoned the study of philology for 
music, became an organist in Breslau 
and founder of the Bohn Choral So- 
ciety; he lived in Breslau as choral 
director, university lecturer and critic; 
composed part-songs and songs, edited 
the piano compositions of Mendels- 
sohn and Chopin, and compiled mu- 
sical bibliographies. 

BOHNER, [Johann] Ludwig (1787- 
1860): b. Tottelstedt, near Gotha; d. 
Gotha; conductor at the Nuremburg 
theatre in 1810, led a nomadic and 
precarious existence; he is supposedly 
the original of Hoffmann's *Kapell- 
meister Kreisler.' He wrote an opera, 
concertos and sonatas for piano, or- 
chestral marches, dances, etc. 

BOHRER (1) Johann Phillpp (18th 
cent.) : violinist and violist in the 
Mannheim chapel. (2) Ka.si)ar (1744- 
1809): b. Mannheim, d. Munich; 
trumpeter and double-bass player. 

(3) Anton (1783-1852) : b. Munich, d. 
Hanover; violinist, pupil of R. Kreut- 
zer; composed chamber-music, con- 
certos and violin pieces ; member of 
the Bavarian court orchestra ; toured 
Austria, Poland, Russia, Scandinavia 
and England, France and Italy with 
his brother Max (4) ; became orchestra 
conductor at Hanover, 1834. (4) Max 
(1785-1867): b. Munich, d. Stuttgart; 
'cello virtuoso; toured with his brother 
(3) and in 1832 became first 'cellist in 
the Stuttgart orchestra. Toured U. S. 
1842-43. [(3) and (4) were sons of (2).] 

BOKEIiDIEU (1) Frangois-Adrien 
(1775-1834) : b. Rouen, d. Jarcy, n. 
Grosbois; composer of opera-comlque ; 



Boisdeffre 

was apprenticed to cathedral organist 
Broche, a pupil of Padre Martini. At 
12 years of age B. ran away to Paris 
to escape his master's brutality, but 
was brought back, receiving no other 
instruction but Broche's till, much 
later, he studied counterpoint and was 
helped by Cherubini and Mfihul. He 
successfully produced an opera, La 
fille coupable (Rouen, 1793; libretto by 
his father), at the age of 18, and, at 
20, Rosalie et Myrza. He again went (on 
foot) to Paris, where he had to sup- 
port himself by piano tuning and 
teaching. He came to know of Mihul, 
Rode, Cherubini, and Garat the tenor, 
who sang the young composer's songs, 
thus procuring him recognition. In 
1796 he prod. La Dot de Suzeite (1 
act) at the Comique, and in 1797 La 
Famille Suisse at the Feydeau. Both 
were successful. He now pub. instr, 
music and became professor of piano 
at the Conservatoire. In 1802 he mar- 
ried Clotilde-Auguste Mafleurey, a 
ballet-dancer, and the conjugal misery 
that resulted caused him to leave 
France in 1803. He became conductor 
of the Imperial Opera at St. Petersburg 
and stayed in Russia 8 yrs, turning 
out 3 operas, etc., every year, under 
contract. B. returned to Paris in 1811, 
and in 1812 prod. Jean de Paris, which 
created the wildest enthusiasm. He 
succeeded Mehul as professor of com- 
position at the Conservatoire, 1817, was 
elected member of the Institat, and was 
made chevalier of the Legion of Honor. 
Le Petit Chaperon Rouge (1818) and 
La Dame blanche (1825) were immense 
successes, but his last opera, Les deux 
nuits (1829), was a failure. He re- 
married in 1827 and had a son, 
Adrien V. (2). After retirement from 
the Conservatoire with a pension, which 
was later revoked, he was reappointed 
under Louis Philippe, and received an 
annual grant of 6,000 francs. Among 
his pupils were Zimmerman, Fetis, 
Adam, and Labarre. Besides the op- 
eras mentioned, he wrote Zoraime et 
Zulnare (1798), Beniowski; Le Calif de 
Bagdad (1800), Ma tante Aurore (1803) 
and collaborated on others with Mehul, 
Kreutzer, Cherubini, Catel, and Nic- 
col6 Isouard, Mme. Gall, Herold, Berton 
and Auber. Ret.: II. 209; IIL 278; IX. 
73, 225f, 228, 230; mus. ex., XIV. 233; 
portrait, IX. 226. (2) Adrien-L.-V. 
(1816-1883): b. Paris, d. Qulncy; son 
of (1) ; wrote several operas and oper- 
ettas, masses, cantatas. 

BOISDFFFRE, Charles Henri 
RcnS de (1838-1906) : b. Vesoul, Haute 
Savole, d. Vezelise; composer; studied 
in Paris with Charles Wagner and 
Barbereau; his compositions include a 
symphony. Scenes champetres for or- 
chestra, a piano sextet, 2 piano quin- 
tets, a piano quartet, 2 piano trios, 2 
piano sonatas, Cantique des cantiques 
for soli, chorus and orchestra, Moise 
sauvi des eaux, choruses, etc. 

56 



Boise 

BOISE, 0«f9 Bardwell (1845-1912): 
b. Oberlin, O.; d. Baltimore; teacher; 
studied at Leipzig Cons, and witli Kul- 
lak in Berlin; organist and teacher in 
Cleveland, New York and Berlin; pro- 
fessor of theory and composition at the 
Peabody Institute, Baltimore; composer 
of symphonies and overtures for or- 
chestra, concertos and other works for 
piano; author of 'Harmony Made 
Practical' (1900). 

BOISSELOT, Jean liouls (ca. 1785- 
1847): b. Montpellier, d. Marseilles; 
maker of stringed instruments at 
Montpellier; later established a piano 
factory in Marseilles, now conducted by 
his grandson, Francois. 

BOKTO, Arrigo (1842- ) : b. 
Padua; poet and composer; studied at 
Milan Cons,; travelled in Germany and 
Poland, and became a passionate ad- 
mirer and advocate of Wagner's music. 
He prod. 2 cantatas, then the opera Me- 
fistofeU at Milan in 1868, which failed, 
but remodelled was successful at Bo- 
logna (1875), Hamburg (1880) and 
Milan (1881). An earlier opera, £ro e 
Leandro, is not yet produced, and a 
third, Neroney is nearing completion. 
Besides the text for his own Meflstofele, 
B. wrote those of Ponchielli's Gioconda, 
Verdi's Otello and Falstaff, and 
others, besides excellent poetry, some- 
times written under the pen-name Tobio 
Gorria. He was made Inspector-Gen- 
eral of Technical Instruction in the 
Italian Conservatories and Lyceums in 
1892. Ref.: H. 440, 478, 493, 500ff, 503; 
III. 93, 36Sf; opera, IX. 357. 

BOLrCK, Oskar (1837-1888) : b. 
Hohenstein, d. Bremen; studied at 
Leipzig Cons.; taught in Leipzig, Vi- 
borg, Liverpool and Riga; Kapell- 
meister at Wiirzburg and Aachen and 
chorus-master at Leipzig, Hamburg and 
Bremen; composed the operas Pierre 
und Robin (1876), Gudrun and Der 
Schmied von Gretna Green, piano 
pieces, songs, etc. 

BOLLIXGER, Samuel (1871- ): 
b. Fort Smith, Ark.; pianist; studied at 
Leipzig Cons.; organist American 
Church. Leipzig, 1893-95; founded the 
Bollinger Cons., Fort Smith, 1896; sub- 
sequently taught in San Francisco, Chi- 
cago, and since 1907 in St. Louis; head 
of piano department Strassberger Cons. ; 
composer of a dramatic overture, 
waltzes and fantasy suite for orches- 
tra, romantic fantasy for organ, sonata 
for piano and violin, many piano 
pieces. 

BOIiSCHE, Franz (1869- ) : b. 
Wegenstedt, near Magdeburg; studied at 
Berlin Hochschule; teacher of theory at 
(Cologne Cons.; edited instrumental 
works of Melchlor Franck for the 
Denkmdler deutscher Tonkunst; has 
composed an overture, chamber-music, 
piano pieces, songs, etc. 

BOI/TE, Johannes : contemporary 
German writer; author of Die Singspiele 
der englischen Comodianten und ihrer 



Bononcinl 

Nachfolger in Deutschland, Holland 
und Scandinavien (1893). 

BOLTON, Duchess of. See Fen- 
ton. 

BOMBET. See Stendhal. 

BONA, Valerto (ca. 1560-after 1619) : 
b. Brescia; maestro di cappella in 
Milan; author of Regale di Contrap- 
punto e Composizione (1595) and Es- 
empi delli Passaggi delle Consonanze e 
Dissonanze (1596) ; composed much 
sacred and secular vocal music. 

BONAPARTE (l) Jerome. Ref.: 
H. 82, 132. (2) Lucien. Ref.: VH. 
487. (3) Napoleon. See Napoleon. 

BONAVENTURA DE BRIXIA, 
Saint (15th cent.) : Franciscan monk 
in Brescia, author of Regulae musicae 
planae (1500, etc., etc.). Ref.: VI. 320. 

BONAWITZ (or Bonewltz), Johann 
Heinrlch (1839- ) : b. Durkheim-on- 
Rhine; pianist; studied at Liege Cons.; 
concertized and taught in Wiesbaden, 
Paris and London; conducted Popular 
Symphony Concerts, New York, 1872- 
73, and toured as pianist; composed 
the operas 'The Bride of Messina' 
(1874) and 'Ostrolenka' (1875)— both 
produced in Philadelphia — other operas 
and piano music. 

BONCI, Alessandro (1870- ) : b. 
Cesena, Romagna ; studied at Liceo Ros- 
sini, Pesaro; d^but at Teatro Regio, 
Parma, 1896; subsequently sang in Leg- 
horn, Milan, St. Petersburg, Vienna, 
Berlin, Lisbon, Madrid, London, etc., 
and in South America and Australia; 
sang at Manhattan Opera House, New 
York, 1906-8, and at the Metropolitan, 
1908-9; also in Covent Garden, 1908; in 
concerts throughout the United States, 
1910-11. 

BOND, Hugh (d. 1792) : organist in 
England. 

BONIVENTI (or Boneventl), Giu- 
seppe (ca. 1660-[7]): b. Venice; 
maestro di cappella to the Duke of 
Mantua and later to the court of Baden ; 
composed 11 operas. 

BONNAIi, Ermand: contemp. French 
organ composer. Ref.: VI. 486. 

BONNET (1) Jacaues. See Bourde- 
LOT, PiEERE. (2) Joseph (1884- ) : 
b. Bordeaux; was at 14 organist of St. 
Nicholas' Church in that city; later 
studied with Guilmant at Paris conser- 
vatory; at 22 won in competition the 
position of organist of St. Eustache, 
Paris, Concert tours have since made 
his name known throughout Europe. 
He composed 12 Pieces, Poimes d'aa- 
tomne. Variations de concert, etc. Ref.: 
VI. 486. 

BONNET-BOURDELOT, Pierre. 

See BouRDELOT, 

BONNO, Josef (1710-1788): b. Vi- 
enna, d, there; Royal court composer, 
and conductor; wrote 20 operas, 3 ora- 
torios, church music, etc. 

BONONCINI (1) Giovanni Maria 
(1640-1678): b. Modena, d. there; was 
in the service of Duke Francesco II; 
maestro di cappella in S. Giovanni in 



57 



Bontempi 

Monte, and S. Petronio, Bologna. Pub. 
instr. suites and Sonate da camera in 
diverse numbers of parts ; 6-part madri- 
gals; chamber cantatas a voce sola; 
also a treatise on counterpoint (1673). 
Ref.: VII. 390, 478. (2) Giovanni 
Battista (1660-after 1750) : b. Mo- 
dena, d. Venice (?); composer; stud- 
ied with his father and with Co- 
lonna and Don Giorgio Buoni in Bo- 
logna; court 'cellist at Vienna, 1690; 
went in 1694 to Rome, where he pro- 
duced his first operas. Returning to 
Vienna in 1699, he lived there until 
1703, when he went to Berlin as court 
composer under the patronage of Queen 
Sophie Charlotte. After her death in 
1705 he lived in Vienna and in various 
Italian cities until 1716, when he was 
invited to London as conductor and 
composer for the new King's Theatre. 
Under the protection of the Duke of 
Marlborough he was put forward as the 
rival of Handel, and an operatic war- 
fare, resulting in the eventual defeat of 
B., was waged until about 1731. In 
that year B. was accused of having, 
some years previously, given out as a 
composition of his own a madrigal by 
A. Lottl. This completed his down- 
fall. A few years later he turned up 
in Paris, where he composed a motet 
for the Chapelle royale, playing the 
'cello accompaniment himself before 
the King. AJter the peace of Aix-la- 
Chapelle he was summoned to Vienna 
to compose the festival music In cele- 
bration of that event; later he was 
employed as theatre-composer in Venice 
until 1750, after which no traces of him 
are to be found. His works include 
the operas Tullo Ostilio (1694), Serse 
(1694), La Fede pubblica (1699), Gli 
Affetti piii grandi vinti dal ptii gusto 
(1701), Polifemo (1703), Endimione 
(1706), Turno Aricino (1707), Maria 
fuggitivo (1708), II Sacriflcio di Romola 
(1708), Abdolonimo (1709), Muzio 
Scevola (1710), Astarta (1720), Ciro 
(1722), Crispo (1722), and Griselda 
(1722), Farnace (1723), Erminia (1723), 
Calpurnia (1724), Astianatte (1727), 
Alessandro in Sidone (1737), an ora- 
torio, Ezechia (1737) ; suites for harpsi- 
chord, Cantate e Duetti (1721), Diverti- 
menti, for harpsichord (1722), and '12 
sonatas or chamber airs for 2 violins 
andabass' (1732). Be/. .- 1. 421, 434ff ; IX. 
20, 33. (3) Marco Antonio (1675[?]- 
1726): b. Modena, d. there; brother of 
(2) ; travelled in Italy and Germany, 
and was maestro to tiie Duke of Mo- 
dena from 1721; composed 19 operas. 
Including Camilla regina de' Volsci 
(1692), Griselda (1700?), Andromeda, 
Arminio, Sesostri, II Turno Aricino 
(1704), Etearco (1707), La Regina 
creduta re (1707), Tigrane re d'Ar- 
menia, Cajo Gracco (1710), Astiniatte 
(1718) ; also an oratorio La Decollaxione 
di S. Giovanni Battisla (1709). 

BONTBIMFI (Angellnl), Giovanni 
Andrea (ca. 1624-1705): b. Perugia, d. 



58 



Borchers 

Bruso, near Perugia; maestro in Rome, 
Venice, Berlin and Dresden; composer 
of the operas Paride (1662), Apollo e 
Dafne (1671) and Jupiter ed lo (1673), 
and the oratorio Martirio di S. Emili- 
ano; author of Nova quatuor vocibus 
componendi methodus . . . (1660), Tract, 
in quo demonstrantur occultae con- 
venientiae sonoris systematis partici- 
pati (1690), and Istoria musica, etc. 
(1695). 

BOIVVIN, liudwig (1850- ) : b. 
Siders, Switzerland; composer; mostly 
self-taught in music; entered Jesuit or- 
der in Holland, where he was organist 
and choirmaster; director of a chorus 
and orchestra at Canisius College, Buf- 
falo, N. Y., 1887-1907; composer of 6 
masses and much other sacred music, 
a symphony and other works for full 
orchestra, several works for soli, cho- 
rus and orchestra; 'Christmas Night's 
Dream,' for string orchestra, organ 
pieces, songs, etc. ; author of numerous 
articles on the (Jregorian chant. 

BOOM, Jan van (1807-1872): b. 
Utrecht, d. Stockholm; pianist; pro- 
fessor at the Royal Academy, Stock- 
holm, 1849-65; composer of operas, 
symphonies, overtures, string quartets, 
trios, a piano concerto and much other 
music for piano. 

BOORN, Ednard van den (1831- 
1898): d. Liige; pianist and critic. 

BORCHMAIVN, A. von: contempo- 
rary Russian composer. Ref.: Til. 155. 

BOOSEY, Thomas: founder of the 
London music-publishing house of 
Boosey & Co., 1825, combined in 1874 
with the musical instrument factory 
of Henry Distin under the former 
name; publishers of cheap editions of 
standard works and English popular 
music. 

BOOTT, Francis (1813-1904) : b. 
Boston, Mass., d. there; amateur and 
patron of music; graduated at Harvard 
and studied music with Picchanti in 
Florence ; composed much sacred mu- 
sic, string quartets and songs; be- 
queathed to Harvard Univ. $10,000, the 
interest of which is to go as an annual 
prize for the best 4-part vocal composi- 
tion written by a Harvard man. 

BORCH, Gaston lionis Christopher 
(1871- ): b. Guines; pupil of Mas- 
senet and Delsart ('cello) ; conductor of 
the Philharmonic Society, Christiania, 
1896-98, the Central Theatre there, 1897, 
Musikforening, Bergen, 1898-99; 'cellist 
in the Theodore Thomas Orchestra, 
1899-1900, Pittsburgh Orchestra, 1903- 
06 ; conductor of the Lausanne Sym- 
phony Orchestra, 19()6; visiting con- 
ductor in France, Belgium, Holland and 
Germany, 1894-96; composer of a one- 
act opera Silvio (1898), a symphony, 3 
symphonic poems, a piano concerto, a 
Romanza and Elegy for violin and i)i- 
ano, piano pieces, songs, sacred music, 
arrangements for orchestra, etc. 

BOUCHERS, Gnstav (1865-1913) : b. 
Woltwiesche, Brunswick, d. Leipzig; 



BordeS 

studied at Leipzig Cons, and conducted 
various choral societies until 1895; sub- 
sequently singing teacher at the Nikolai 
Gymnasium and (from 1901) cantor at 
the Petersklrche ; founded in 1898 a 
seminary for singing teachers, using 
the methods of Jaques-Dalcroze and 
Eitz; author of a monograph on the 
latter (1908). 

BORDES, Charles (1863-1909): b. 
Vouvray sur Loire, d. Paris; was a 
pupil of C^sar Franck; 1887-90, church 
choir director, Nogent-sur-Marne; after 
1890 choir director, St. Gervalse, Paris; 
studied (on behalf of tlie Ministry of 
Education) Basque folk-songs, 1889-90 
(Atchives de la tradition Basque). 
His success with the concert revival 
of older church music led to the foun- 
dation of the Association des Chanteurs 
de St. Gervaise (1894) and that of the 
Schola CantOTum (1898). B. has edited 
the Anthologie des mattres religleux 
primitifs and the Tribune de St. Ger- 
vaise and has written Du sort de la znu~ 
sique religieuse en France (1906). He 
composed for orchestra (a fantasy with 
obbligato trumpet, etc.) ; a fantasy on 
Basque themes for piano and orches- 
tra; songs and piano pieces. Ref.: 
ra. 313. 

BORDIER, Jules (1846-1896): b. 
Angers, d. Paris; founder in Angers 
of the Association Artistiques con- 
certs; partner in the music publishing 
house of Baudoux et Cie, Paris, 1894; 
composer of symphonic pieces, four 
operas, and choral works, also songs, 

BORDOGXI, Glullo IHarco (1788- 
1856) : b. Gazzaniga, Bergamo; d. Paris; 
studied with Simon Mayr; tenor in 
Milan, the Theatre Italien, Paris; pro- 
fessor at the Conservatoire, where 
Sontag studied with him; composer of 
Vocalises, etc. 

BORDONI, Faustina. See Hasse, 
Faustina. 

BOREK, Christoplt (d. 1557) : Po- 
lish church conductor of whose com- 
positions 2 masses are preserved. 

BORGHI, Luigl (18th cent.) : pupil 
of Pugnani; violinist in London; leader 
of the second violins in 1784 at the 
London Handel Commemoration; com- 
poser of music for the violin. 

BORI, Lucrezia (1888- ) : b. 
Valencia; soprano, sang in Italy, Paris, 
Buenos Ayres and Met. Opera House, 
New York; created leading role in Mon- 
temezzl's L'Amora del tre re. Ref.: 
IV. 155. 

BORIV. Bertrand de (1180-1195): 
Provencal Troubadour. Ref.: I. 211. 

BORNSCHEIX, Franz Karl (1879-): 
b. Baltimore, Md. ; violinist and com- 
poser; studied at the Peabody Cons., 
where he became teacher of violin and 
director of the junior orchestra; has 
directed the orchestra of the Baltimore 
Music School Settlement since 1913; 
music critic of the Baltimore 'Evening 
Sun,' 1910-13, and contributor to vari- 



Bortnlanski 

ous musical publications; composer of 
a symphonic ballad for baritone and 
orchestra, a cantata for soprano, chorus 
and orchestra, an orchestral suite, 2 
symphonic poems, a string quartet, a 
string cjuintet, a piano quintet, a sextet 
for strings and flute, etc. 

BORODUVE, Alexander ForpliyTle- 
vltch (1834-1887) : b. St. Petersburg, 
d. there; studied and practised medi- 
cine and chemistry; army-surgeon; 
professor at the St. Petersburg medico- 
surgical institute; knight counsellor of 
state; president of the musical Soc. 
of Amateurs. He was a friend of 
Liszt in Weimar, and studied music 
on the suggestion of Balakireif. One 
of the most eminent representatives of 
the 'neo-Kussian* school, he composed 
Prince Igor (posthumously finished by 
Rimsky-Korsakov), prod, at Kieff with 
great success, 1891; also 3 symphonies, 
a symphonic poem 'In the Steppes of 
Central Asia,' a scherzo for orchestra, 
2 string quartets, a string trio, a piano 
quintet, also a piano suite, piano 
pieces, song, etc. Ref.: III. ix, xi, xiv, 
xvi, 38, 107, 109, ilS/T, 319; V. 128, 
365f; Vn. 330, 353, 354/; VIIL 454ff; 
X. 171, 228, 256; mus. ex., XIIL 113; 
portrait, III. 122. 

BORONI, Antonio (1738-1792) : b. 
Rome, d. there; studied with Martini 
and G. Abos; operatic composer in 
Venice, Prague and Dresden, kapell- 
meister at the Stuttgart court, and 
maestro di cappella at St. Peter's, 
Rome; produced in all about 16 
operas. 

BOROWSKI, Felix (1872- ): b. 
Burton, England; studied In London 
and at Cologne Cons.; taught piano in 
Aberdeen, 1892 ; since 1897 prof, of the- 
ory and composition, and violin teacher 
at Chicago Musical College; critic of the 
Chicago 'Evening Post,' 1906-09, and 
'Herald' since 1909, correspondent of 
the 'Musical Courier,' 1905; author of 
program books of the Chicago Sym- 
phony Orchestra since 1908; composer 
of a symphonic poem, a piano concerto, 
several works for orchestra, a suite for 
organ, 2 organ sonatas, a piano sonata, 
a string quartet, piano pieces, etc. 

BORTKIEWICZ, Sergei Ednardo- 
vltch (1877- ) : b. Kharkoff; pianist; 
studied with van Ark and Liadoff at 
tlie St. Petersburg Cons, and with 
Reisenauer, Jadassohn and Plutti at 
Leipzig ; concert tours in Germany, Aus- 
tria, Hungary, France and Russia; pro- 
fessor at the Klindworth-Scharwenka 
Cons., Berlin, since 1904; composer of a 
symphonic poem, a piano concerto, a 
sonata and other works for piano. 

BORTNIANSKI, Dmitri Stepano- 
vitch (1751-1825) : b. Goluchov, d. St. 
Petersburg; studied with GaluppI at 
St. Petersburg, studied also in Venice, 
Bologna, Rome, Naples; director of the 
Imperial Chapel Choir at St. Peters- 
burg; composer of 2 operas (prod. Italy, 
1776, 1778) ; a Greek mass, psalms, 



59 



Berwick 

concertos, etc. Re/.; III. 107, 143; IX. 
380. 

BORWICK, Leonard (1868- ) : 
b. Walthamstow, England; pianist; 
studied -with H. R. Bird and at tlie 
Frankfort Cons, with Clara Schumann, 
B. Scholtz and Iwan Knorr; debut with 
London Philharmonic Society 1890; 
made, tours in England, Germany and 
the United States. 

BOS, Coenraad van (1875- ) : b. 
Leyden; pianist; studied with Rontgen 
at the Amsterdam Cons.; with J. van 
Veen and J. van Lier he formed the 
'Dutch Trio' in 1901; later accompanied 
Ludwig Wiillner on tour, and since 
then Julia Gulp, etc. 

BOSCHOT, Adolphe (1871- ): 
b. Fontenay-sous-Bois, near Paris; 
musical critic since 1910 of the Echo 
de Paris and contributor to various 
journals; author of La Jeunesse d'un 
Tomantlque : Hector Berlioz, iS03-31 
(1906), Le Faust de Berlioz (1910). 
Cornet d'art (1911), etc. 

B5SE:NDORFE:r (l) Ignaz (1795- 
1859): b. Vienna, d. there; founder of 
a pianoforte factory in Vienna. (2) 
LiudTvig (1835- ) : b. Vienna, son of 
Ignaz, and his successor as head of the 
firm, which makes a specialty of con- 
cert grand pianos. 

BOSSI, Marco Enrico (1861- ) : 
b. Sal6, Brescia, son and pupil of 
Pietro B., of Morbegno (1834-1896) ; 
studied in the Liceo Rossini, Bologna, 
and at Milan, under Ponchielli and 
others; maestro di cappella and organ- 
ist at Como Cathedral, professor at the 
Cons. San Pietro a Majella, Naples ; 
director Liceo Benedetto Marcello, Ven- 
ice, Liceo musicale, Bologna, 1902-12; 
composed Paquita, 1-act opera (1881) ; 
II Veggente, 1-act opera seria (1890) ; 
L'Angelo della notte, 4-act melo- 
drama; Giovanna d'Arco, oratorio; 
also cantatas, masses, symphonic poem, 
overture, impromptu, etc., for orches- 
tra, organ music, chamber music, piano 
music, vocal romances, etc., author of 
Metodo di Studio per I'Organo moderno 
(with G. Tebaldini, 1893). Bef.: IIL 
397; VI. 393. 

BOTE & BOCK: Berlin music pub- 
lishing house founded by Eduabd Bote 
and GusTAV Bock, 1838, who bought 
the music business of Frohlich & West- 
phal. Bote left the firm and after 
Bock's death his brother Emil, then his 
son Hugo continued the business. G. 
Bock edited the Nene Berliner Musik- 
zeitung. 

BOTSTIBEB, Hugo (1875- ): 
b. Vienna; studied with Fuchs at the 
Vienna Cons., with von Zemlinsky and 
with Rietsch and Adler; assistant at 
the Cons, library, 1896; secretary of 
the Konzertverein, 1900, of the K. K. 
Akademie der Tonkunst, 1905; grand 
secretary of the Konzerthaus-Gesell- 
schaft, 1916; edited the Musikbach 
aus osterreich, 1904-11; edited organ 
compositions of Pachelbel and piano 



Bouhy 

works of the Vienna masters for the 
Denkmaler der Tonkunst in Osterreich; 
author of Joseph Haydn nnd das Haus 
Artaria (1908) and Geschichte der 
Ouverture (1913). 

BOTT, Jean Joseph (1826-1895) : b. 
Cassel, d. New York; studied with his 
father, M. Hauptmann, and Spohr; vio- 
linist and court conductor at Meiningen 
and Hanover; teacher in Magdeburg, 
Hamburg, New York; composer of two 
operas, violin concertos, a symphony, 
pieces for violin and piano, etc. 

BOTTA (1) Bergonzto di. Bef.: X. 
81f. (2) I/uea (1884- ): b. Amalfl, 
Italy; dramatic tenor; studied with 
Vergine; dibut in Naples, 1911; has 
sung in Malta, Turin, Mantua, Verona, 
Barcelona, Buenos Ayres, Milan and 
Metropolitan Opera House, New York; 
Italian repertory. 

BOTTfiE DE TOULMON, Augnste 
(1797-1850): b. Paris, d. there; aban- 
doned the study of law for music; 
'cellist, librarian at the Conservatoire 
and writer on the chanson in France, 
on Guido, and on musical instruments 
of the Middle Ages. 

BOTTESIIVI, Giovanni (1821-1889) : 
b. Crema, Lombardy, d. Parma; studied 
with Rossi, Vaccai, Piantanida, Ray; 
virtuoso on double-bass in Italy, Ha- 
vana, the United States, and at Paris; 
founder of a quartet in Florence, op- 
era conductor at Paris, London, etc.; 
composer of eight operas (prod, in 
Havana, Paris, Milan, Palermo, Lon- 
don, Turin) ; an oratorio, overtures, 
symphonies, compositions for double 
bass, quartet and songs. Bef.: IV. 127. 

BOTTICELLI. Bef.: X. 45. 

BOTTRIGABI, Ereole (1531-1612) : 
b. Bologna, d. S. Alberto; author of 
treatises on musical theory pub. in 
Bologna and Ferrara under the pseu- 
donym Alemanno Benelli. Transla- 
tions, etc., by B. remained MS. 

BOUCHER, Alexandre-Jean (1778- 
1861) : b. Paris, d. there; virtuoso on 
the violin at the Concerts Spirituels at 
the age of six; soloist at the Spanish 
court (1787-1805) ; toured Holland, Ger- 
many, England, etc., composed two con- 
certos for the violin. 

BOUCHERON, Raimondo (1800- 
1876): b. Turin, d. Milan; author of 
several theoretical works and composer 
of church music; maestro at Milan 
cathedral. Bef.: II. 503 (footnote). 

BOUDOtJSQ,UIE (19th cent.): man- 
ager of the New Orleans opera. Bef.: 
IV. leiff. 

BOTTHV, Jacqnes Joseph AndrS 
(1848- ): b. Peplnster, Belgium; 
dramatic baritone; studied at Cons, of 
Liege and Paris; debut at Grand 
OpSra, Paris, 1871 ; also sang at Covent 
Garden; created title-role in Massenet's 
Don Cisar de Bazan (1872), EscamlUo 
in Carmen and the High Priest in Sam- 
son et Dalila; director of the New York 
Cons., 1885-89; since 1907 singing 
teacher in Paris. 



60 



Bonrdelot 

BOURDEJIiOT (correctly lUicIion). 
Pierre (1610-1685) : b. Sens, d. Abbey 
Mac£; physician to the King, gathered 
material for a history of music, begun 
with his nephew Pierre Bonnet (1638- 
1708). The latter's brother Jacques (d. 
1724) finished it (Paris, 1714, 2nd ed. 
1726). 

BOUIL,L.lf, Jean Nicholas. Ref.: IX. 
115, 117, 123. 

BOURGAUL.T-DUCOUDRAY, L,ou- 
Is-Albert (1840-1910) : b. Nantes, d. 
Paris; pupil of Ambroise Thomas at 
Paris Cons., won grand prix de Rome; 
professor of mus. history, Paris Cons., 
1878. He wrote Souvenirs d'nne mis- 
sion musicale en Grice, 30 Milodies 
populaires de Grice et d'Orientj and 
ttudes suT la musique eccUsiastique 
grecquej composed 2 operas, a fantasy 
for orchestra, other orchestral "works, a 
sgmphonie for female chorus and soli, 
La Conjuration des Fleurs, and many 
songs; also pub. 30 Melodies populaires 
de la Basse-Bretagne, with French 
translations. Ref.: VI. 392. 

BOURGEIOIS, lioys (Lonls) (1510- 
[?]): b. Paris; disciple of Calvin, 
with whom he lived at Geneva 1545-57; 
first to harmonize the melodies to the 
French version of the Psalms, and pub. 
3 collections In 4-6 parts at Lyons 
(1547) and Paris (1561). His treatise, 
Le droict chemin de musiquet etc. 
(1550) proposed a reform, generally 
adopted in France, in the nomenclature 
of the tones according to the solmiza- 
tion-syllables. Ref.: I. 294. 

BOURGHS, Jean-Maurice (1812- 
1881): b. Bordeaux, d. Paris; critic 
and editor on the Revue et Gazette 
musicale; composed an opera, sonatas 
and trios for the piano, a Stabat Mater, 
vocal romances, etc. 

BOURNOVII/IiB, Antoine Ansust 
(19th cent.) : reformer of the Danish 
ballet. Ref.: X. 104, 151, 152, 162f, 
164f, 166, 168, 169. 

BOITSaUET, Georges (1818-1854) ; 
b. Perpignan, d. St. Cloud; winner of 
the grand prix de Rome at the Con- 
servatoire in 1838. Chef d'orchestre at 
the Op^ra and the TMdtre Italien; 
critic on Paris journals, composer of 
church, chamber, and dramatic music. 

BOVEBY, Jules (correct name An- 
toine Nicolas Josepli Bott) (1808- 
1868): b. Liege, d. Paris; composer 
and conductor in theatres at Lille, 
Lyons, Amsterdam, Antwerp, Douai, 
Rouen, Ghent, Paris; composer of op- 
eras, ballets, etc. 

BOWBN, York (1884- ) : b. Lon- 
don : composer ; fellow Royal Acad, of 
Music; has written 3 piano concertos, 
symphonic fantasy, a sonata and a 
concerto for viola, etc. Ref.: III. 441; 
VII. 598. 

BOWMAIV, Edward Morris (1848- 
1913): b. Barnard, Vt., d. New York; 
organist; studied with William Mason 
and J. P. Morgan in New York, with 
Bendel, Rohde, Haupt and Weitzmann 



Braga 

in Berlin, with Batiste in Paris, and 
with Bridge, Macfarren, Guilmant and 
Turpin in London; organist of vari- 
ous churches in St. Louis, Mo.; found- 
ed American College of Musicians, 
1884; organist Peddle Memorial Bap- 
tist Church, Newark, 1887-94; professor 
and director department of music, Vas- 
sar College, 1891-95; organized and 
conducted Temple Choir, Brooklyn, 
1895-1906, choir of Calvary Baptist 
Church, N. Y., 1906-13; author of 
'Weltzmanu's Manual of Musical The- 
ory' (1877). 

BOYCE, William (1710-1779) : b. 
London, d. Kensington; pupil of 
Maurice Greene and Pepusch; organist 
St. Michael's, Cornhill; composer to the 
Chapel Royal and the king; conducted 
the festivals of the Three Choirs 
(Gloucester, Worcester, Hereford) in 
1737. He held various organ positions, 
which he resigned to devote himself to 
issuing Greene's collection of 'Cathedral 
Music' (1760-78) in 3 vols. He also 
pub. 'Lyra Britannica' (several books 
of songs, cantatas, and duets), and 
wrote anthems and services, an ora- 
torio, masques, dirges, odes, sympho- 
nies, a violin concerto, trio sonatas, 
etc. Ref.: VI. 472. 

BOYER, Louis - Joseph - Victor - 
Georges (1850- ): b. Paris; winner 
of the Prix Rossini; librettist for 
Chaumet, Massenet; critic for several 
Paris journals. 

BOYLE, George F. (1886- ) : b. 
Sydney, N. S. W.; pianist and com- 
poser; studied with his parents and 
with Sydney Moss, later with Busoni 
in Berlin; toured Australia and New 
Zealand with Mark and Boris Ham- 
bourg, and Holland with Emma Ne- 
vada; recitals in England, Germany 
and Holland; professor of piano at 
Peabody Cons., Baltimore, from 1910; 
has composed 2 cantatas, a symphonic 
fantasy and other works for orches- 
tra, a piano concerto, a piano sonata, 
2 piano trios, a sonata for piano and 
'cello, pieces for 'cello and piano, 
violin and piano, piano solo, and 
songs. 

BRADBURY, William Batchelder 
(1816-1868) : b. York, Me., d. Montclair, 
N. J.; studied with S. Hill, Lowell 
Mason, Moscheles, Bohme; teacher, con- 
ductor, piano manufacturer and editor 
of a large number of collections of mu- 
sic. He composed two cantatas. Ref.: 
IV. 222, 244f. 

BRADSKY, W^enzel Theodor (1833- 
1881): b. Rakovnik, Bohemia, d. there; 
studied with Caboun and Plschek; 
singing teacher and composer to the 
Prussian court. He wrote six operas, 
produced at Dessau, Prague and Berlin 
and part songs, songs, etc. Ref.: III. 
180. 

BRAGA, Gaetano (1829-1907): b. 
Giulianova, Abruzzi, d. Milan; studied 
in Naples Cons.; 'cellist in Florence, 
Vienna, Paris and London, also toured 



61 



Braganza 

Europe; composer of eight op- 
eras, chamber music, 'cello composi- 
tions. He wrote a method for the 
'cello. 

BRAGANZA, Dnl^e of. Ref.: II. 30. 

BRAHAM, John (1774-1856): b. 
London, d. there; studied witli Leoni, 
Rauzzini, Isola; operatic tenor in Italy 
and London; composer of ballads and 
incidental dramatic music and creator 
of Hiion in Weber's Oberon (1826). 

BRAHMA. Ref.: X. 25. 

BRXHMIG, [Julius] Bernhard (1822- 
1872) : b. Hlrschfeld, n. Liebenwerde, 
d. Detmold; music teacher, composer 
for organ and piano; pub. a Choral- 
buch and Ratgeber fiir Musiker bei der 
Auswahl geeigneter Musikalien. 

BRAHMS, Johannes (1833-1897) : b. 
Hamburg, d. Vienna; son of a double- 
bass player in the Hamburg municipal 
theatre; studied with his father and 
Marxsen at Altona. He made his d^but 
at Hamburg as pianist, made a con- 
cert-tour with Remenyi, the violinist, 
in 1853. Joachim, who heard him at 
Gottingen, sent him to Schumann, on 
whom B.'s talent made so deep an im- 
pression that he published an enthusi- 
astic article, Neue Rahnen, in the Neue 
Zeitschrift fiir Musik, announcing B. 
as a new master. Hereupon 3 piano 
sonatas and 3 books of songs by B. 
were published. After a period as con- 
ductor of the orchestra of the Prince 
of Lippe-Detmold, he retired to Ham- 
burg for further study. In 1862 he 
went to Vienna, and became conductor 
of the Singakademle (1863), spent the 
next five years in Hamburg, Ziirich, 
Baden-Baden and elsewhere, and made 
concert-tours with his friend Stock- 
hausen, returning to Vienna in 1860. 
He conducted the grand orchestral con- 
certs of the Gesellschaft der Muslk- 
freunde during 1871-74, then, after a 
sojourn near Heidelberg, made Vienna 
his home. B.'s honors include degrees 
of Mus. Doc. from Oxford, Dr. phil. 
from Breslau (1881), the Prussian or- 
der pour le mirite and membership in 
the Berlin Academy. He also had con- 
ferred on him the freedom of the city 
of Hamburg. B. is regarded as the 
foremost modem representative of 
classic composition, the legitimate heir 
of Schumann and, beside Wagner, the 
greatest German composer of his gen- 
eration. Though in some respects the 
antithesis of Wagner, and as such 
championed by Hanslick, he was not 
personally hostile to him. He com- 
posed in every form except opera, and 
distinguished himself in every field. 

His works include the following: Fob 
OBCHESTBA (iNCL. CONCERTOS) : Serenade 
in D, op. 11; Serenade in A, for small 
orchestra, op. 16; variations on a theme 
by Haydn, op. 56; 4 symphonies (No. 1, 
C min., op. 68; No. 2, D, op. 73; No. 3, 
F, op. 90; No. 4, E, op. 98); Academic 
Festival Overture, op. 80; Tragic Over- 
ture, op. 81; Hungarian Dances for 



62 



Bpah-Miiller 

orch. ; 2 piano concertos (D mln., op. 
15, and frflat, op. 85) ; violin concerto 
in D, op. 77; concerto for violin and 
'cello in C, op. 102. Chamber music: 

4 trios (piano, violin and 'cello), 1 
trio for piano, clarinet and 'cello, 1 
trio for piano, violin and horn, 3 piano 
quartets, 3 string quartets, 2 string 
quintets, 1 piano quintet, 1 quintet for 
clarinet and strings, 2 string sextets. 
For piano: 3 sonatas (op. 1, 2 & 5) ; 

3 sets of variations (op. 9, on a Schu- 
mann theme; op. 21, on an orig. and a 
Hungarian mel.; op. 24, on a Handel 
theme, w. fugue; op. 35, 28 var. or 
studies) ; 1 fantasy, op. 116, 6 sets of 
pieces (Intermezzi, Ballads, Romances, 
Rhapsodies, etc.) ; also 16 waltzes, op. 
39, and variations on a Schumann 
theme for 4 hands. For violin, 'cELto, 
CLARINET, ETC.: 3 vlolln sonatas, 2 
'cello sonatas, 2 clarinet (or viola) 
sonatas. Choral works. Female: Ave 
Maria (w. orch.), 4 songs (w. 2 horns 
and harp). Psalm xiii (w. organ 
or piano), 3 sacred choruses, 12 songs 
and romances a cappella. Male: Ri- 
naldo, w. ten. solo and orch.. Rhapsody, 
w. alto solo and orch. Mixed: Funeral 
Hymn ("w. "wind instr.), 7 Marienlieder 
(2 parts), sacred song for 4 solo voices 
and chorus (w. organ) ; 3 songs in 6 
parts a cappella; 'A German Requiem' 
(w. soli and orch.), 'Song of Destiny,' 
'Song of Triumph' (both w. orch.), 
12 songs (2 sets), 2 motets, Ndnie 
(Schiller), w. orch., Gesang der Parzen 
(w. orch.), 1 set of songs and ro- 
mances, Tafellied, and Deutsche Fest- 
und Gedenksprilche (double chorus). 
Vocal ensembles: 13 canons, fem. 
voices (w. piano), 2 motets for 5 v., 

5 part-songs for 4 men's v., Liebes- 
lieder waltzes, 7 quartets w. piano (2 
sets), Neue Liebeslteder waltzes; 16 
duets (7 for S. & A., 4 for A. & Bar.), 

4 ballads and romances for 2 v. w. 
piano, 5 romances and songs (1 or 
2 v.), 3 motets, 4 & 8 voices, Gypsy 
Songs (w. piano). Vocal solos: 2 songs 
for alto w. viola & piano, Vier Ernste 
Gesdnge for bass vs. piano, a large 
number of songs for diverse compasses ; 
also 15 Volks-KinderliedeT. For or- 
gan: Prelude and fugue in A min.; 
Fugue in A-flat min. Ref.: For life and 
work see II. 443ff; songs, V. 276ff; 
choral works, VI. 193ff, 292f; piano 
compositions, VII. 338ir; violin compo- 
sitions, VII. 459f; chamber music 
(strings only), VII. 54311; miscel. cham- 
ber music, VII. 578ff', 596ff; orch. music, 
VIII. 253ff, 596ff; mus. ex., XIIL 372, 
375, 377; portrait, II. 450; caricature, 
VII. 238. For general references see 
individual indexes. 

BRAH-Mt}L,LE)R, Karl Friedrich 
Gustav (1839-1878) : b. Kritschen, near 
ols, Silesia, d. Berlin; studied with 
Geyer and Wiierst; teacher in Berlin; 
composer of several operettas, a string 
quartet, piano pieces, songs; pub. an 
Organ School (in three parts), etc. 



Brambach 

BRAMBACH (1) Kaspar Joseph 

(1833-1902): h. Bonn, d. there; com- 
poser; studied with A. zur Nieden, at 
the Cologne Cons., and with Ferdinand 
Hiller at Frankfort; teacher at Co- 
logne Cons., 1858-61; musical director 
at Bonn, 1861-69; wrote a number of 
cantatas, choruses (with and without 
orchestra), an opera, a concert over- 
ture, a piano concerto, a piano sex- 
tet, a string sextet, 2 piano quartets, 
etc. (2) Wilhelm (1841- ) : b. 
Bonn; philologist and prof, at Frei- 
burg Univ.; head-librarian at Karlsruhe 
and author of five books on the music 
of the Middle Ages. 

BRAMBIL.L.A (1) Paolo (1786- 
1838) : b. Milan, d. there; operatic com- 
poser in Milan and Turin. (2) Mari- 
etta (1807-1875) : b. Cassona d'Adda, d. 
Milan; studied at Milan Cons.; singer 
and vocal teacher in Italy, Vienna, 
Paris and London; composer of songs. 
(3) Teresa (1813-1895) : b. Cassona 
d'Adda, d. Milan; studied in Milan 
Cons., operatic singer in Milan, Naples, 
Spain, Paris and Venice. 

BRANCA, GasUelmo (1849- ): 
b. Bologna; operatic composer, success- 
ful in productions In Florence, Naples, 
and Cremona. 

BRANCACCIO, Antonio (1813- 
1846): b. Naples, d. there; studied at 
Naples Cons.; operatic comp. ; pro- 
duced about ten operas in Naples. 

BRAND, Michael (19th cent.) : 'cel- 
list, organizer of Cincinnati (Ohio) 
Music Festival (1894). Re/..- IV. 193f. 

BRANDEIS, Friedficli (1835-1899): 
b. Vienna, d. New York; composer; 
studied with Fischhoff, Karl Czerny 
and Ruflnatscha, and with Wilhelm 
Meyerhofer in New York; toured with 
concert troupes in the tTnited States 
as pianist and conductor; organist in 
several New York churches; composer 
of orchestral works, vocal works for 
soli and chorus with orchestra, a piano 
trio, several sextets for flute and 
strings, piano pieces, songs, etc. 

BRANDENBURG (1) Ferdinand 
(r7]-1850): b. Erfurt, d. Rudolstadt; 
violinist and dramatic composer in 
Leipzig. (2) Hans, German writer. 
Ref.: X. 202. (3) Margrave of. Ref.: 
Ylll. 129. 

BRANDBS (1) Elmma (1854- ): 
b. near Schwerin; studied with Aloys, 
Schmitt; court pianist at Goltermann 
who became wife of Prof. Engelmann. 
(2) Friedricli (1864- ) : b. Aschers- 
leben; studied with Spitta, Beller- 
mann and Kretzschmar; became mu- 
sic critic of the Dresdner Anzeiger, 
1895, conductor of the Dresdner Lehrer- 
gesangverein, 1898, musical director at 
Leipzig Univ., 1909; editor of the Neue 
Zeitschrift filr Musik since 1911; com- 
poser of male choruses, songs and 
piano pieces. 

BRAND!/ (1) Johann (1760-1837): 
b. Kloster Bohr, near Ratisbon, d. 
Carlsruhe; court Muslkdlrektor at Ba- 



Braunfcls 

den; composer of 2 operas, oratorios, 
chamber music, etc. (2) Joliann (19th 
cent.) ; Viennese composer of popular 
operettas. 

BRANDT (1) Marianne (stage name 
for Mabie Bischof) (1842- ) : b. 
Vienna; operatic contralto; pupil of 
Frau Marschncr (Vienna Cons.) and 
Mme. Vlardot-Garcia. Sang at Graz, 
Berlin Royal Opera and New York. 
Alternated with Materna as Kundry in 
Bayreuth (1886). Ref.: IV. 138, 140. 
(2) Carolines singer; wife of C. M. 
v. Weber. Ref.: IX. 191. 

BRANDTS-BUYS, Jan (1868- ): 
b. Zutphen; composer; studied with 
Schwarz and Urspruch at the Raff 
Cons., Frankfort; has composed the 
operas Das Yeilchenfest (1909), Das 
Glockenspiel (1913) and Die drei 
Schneider von Schonan (1916), a piano 
concerto, chamber music and songs. 

BRANDUS, DUFOUR et Ctei music 
publishers in Paris. The firm was 
founded by Moritz Schlesinger in 1834 
and assumed by Louis and Gemmy 
Brandus in 1846. 

BRANSCOMBE, Gena (Mrs. Jolin 
Tenney) : b. Canada; contemp. Ameri- 
can composer. Ref.: TV. 438f. 

BRANT, Jobst vom (16th cent.) : 
composer of psalms, motets, sacred 
songs, etc., captain at Waldsachen, and 
governor at Liebensteln. 

BRASSIN (1) Louis (1840-1884) : b. 
Aachen, d. St. Petersburg; studied with 
Moscheies; concert pianist who toured 
with his brothers and then taught in 
the Stern Cons., Berlin, and at St. 
Petersburg. He composed two oper- 
ettas, salon-pieces, songs, etc., also 
^cole moderne du piano, twelve etudes 
de concert. (2) Leopold (1843-1890) : 
b. Strasshurg, d. Constantinople; court 
pianist at Coburg; teacher at Berne, 
St. Petersburg and Constantinople, com- 
poser of concertos and works for piano 
solo. (3) Gerliard (1844- ) : b. 
Aachen; violinist, concert-master in 
Gothenburg, teacher in Berlin, con- 
ductor in Breslau and St. Petersburg, 
composer of violin solo composi- 
tions. 

BRATSCH, Joliann Georg (1815- 
1888): b. Zell, d. Aschaffenburg ; mu- 
sical director at Wiirzburg and Aschal- 
fenburg. 

BRATTLE, Tliomas (17th-18th 
cent.) : introduced the organ in Amer- 
ica. Ref.: rv. 19; VL 496. 

BRAUBR, Max (1855- ) : b. 
Mannheim; studied with Lachner, Hil- 
ler, Jensen and de Lange; dir. of mu- 
sic at Kaiserslautern and at Karlsruhe; 
composed works for piano, violin, 
'cello, and organ; also two operas and 
a suite for string orchestra, etc. 

BRAUNFELS, Waiter (1882- ) ; 
h. Frankfort-a-M. ; composer; studied 
with Kwast in Frankfort, Leschetizky 
and Navratil in Vienna, Thuille in Mu- 
nich; has composed the operas Prin- 
zessin Brambilla (1909) and Vlenspie- 



63 



Brebos 

gel (1913), variations for orchestra, 
Ariels Gesang and serenade for small 
orchestra, Offenbarung Johannis for 
tenor, chorus and orchestra, songs and 
piano pieces. 

BREBOS, Gllles (Maltre Gilles) 
(d. 1584) : famous organ builder at 
Louvain and Antwerp; built 4 organs 
for the 2 choirs of the Escurial. 

BRECHER, Gustav (1879- ) : b. 
Eichwald, Bohemia; studied in Leip- 
zig with Jadassohn, Hofmann, etc.; 
d^but as conductor at a Liszt-Vereln 
concert there, 1897 ; became repetitor 
at the Municipal Theatre, Leipzig. 
1898, conductor at the Vienna Court 
Opera, 1901, first Kapellmeister of mu- 
nicipal theatres in Olmiitz, 1902, Ham- 
burg, 1903; since 1911 of Cologne Op- 
era; composer of a symphonic poem, 
a symphonic fantasy and many songs; 
author of a monograph on Richard 
Strauss and other musical essays. 

BREE, Jean Bernhard van (1801- 
1857): b. Amsterdam, d. there; pupil 
of Bertelmann, artistic director of the 
'Felix meritis' Society, founder of the 
Cecilia Society and director of the mu- 
sic school of the Society for the Ad- 
vancement of Tonal Art; composer of 
an opera, Sappho, masses, cantatas, and 
instrumental music. 

BREIDENSTEIN, Heinricli Karl 
(1796-1876) : b. Steinau, Hesse, d. Bonn; 
dir. of music at the Univ. of Bonn, 
composer of a cantata and chorales, 
and author of a singing method. 

BREITKOPF & HABTBIi, firm 
of music publishers, founded in 
Leipzig by Bernliard Christoph 
Breltkopf (1695-1777) who set up a 
printing press in 1719 and began the 
publication of theological and histor- 
ical works. His son, Jobann Gott- 
lob Immannel B. (1719-1794) took 
over the business in 1745 and changed 
the name to B. C. Breitkopf & Sohn in 
1765. He introduced separate movable 
music types; published the composi- 
tions of C. P. E. Bach, Graun, Hiller, 
Leopold Mozart, issued catalogues of 
printed music in six parts, of MS. 
music in four parts, and a thematic 
catalogue of MS. music, in five parts, 
with sixteen supplements (1762-87). 
He was succeeded by his own son 
ChTlstopIi Gottlob B. (1750-1800), 
who after a year turned the business 
over to his friend Gottfried Christoph 
Hartel (1763-1827), who changed the 
firm name to Breitkopf & Hartel. H. 
published the works of Mozart (17 
vols.), Haydn (12 vols.), Clementi (13 
vols.), and Dussek (12 vols.); started 
the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung 
(1798) and made a number of improve- 
ments in printing, including the sys- 
tem of engraving music on pewter 
plates. In 1805 he was associated with 
the inventor, Sennefelder, in the intro- 
duction of lithography. He also started 
the first piano factory in central Ger- 
many. After his death the business 



Brendel 

was carried on by his nephew Florenz 
Hartel until 1835, when it was taken 
over by his eldest son, Hermann H. 
(1803-1875) and a younger son, Ray- 
mond H. (1810-1888). These published 
works of Mendelssohn, Schumann, Cho- 
pin and others; brought out new edi- 
tions of Schubert, Weber and Hum- 
mel; began the issue of a series of 
cheap editions of classical works; fin- 
ished a complete critical edition in 
score and parts of the works of Bee- 
thoven (1866) and projected a similar 
edition of Mendelssohn; also published 
numerous historical, theoretical, crit- 
ical biographical and other works on 
music. After Hermann's death, Ray- 
mond continued the business in associa- 
tion with WiLHELM VOLKMANN (1837- 

96) and Dr. Georg Oscar Immanuel 
Hase, grandson of Gottfried Hartel 
(1846). After Wilhelm Volkmann's 
death, his son. Dr. Lwdwig Volk- 
mann, became head of the house. 
In recent years the house has published 
a whole series of complete editions of 
the great masters. See Addenda. Ref.: 
IL 134, 146, 147; IIL 11. 

BREMA, Marie (Minnie Fehrmann) 
(1856- ): b. Liverpool; mezzo-so- 
prano; studied with Henschel and 
others; operatic d^but as Adrieune 
Lecouvreur, Oxford, 1891 ; sang Ortrud 
at Bayreuth, 1894; Wagner roles with 
Damrosch company in the United 
States, 1895, and at Metropolitan Opera 
House, 1895-96; Fricka and Kundry at 
Bayreuth, 1896-97; varied r61es in Brus- 
sels, Paris and London; well known 
also as oratorio and concert singer; 
professor of singing at Royal College 
of Music, Manchester. 

BREMNER (1) Robert (1720-1789) : 
b. Scotland, d. London; pupil of Gem- 
iniani (violin) : violinist and music 
teacher in Edinburgh; later music 
dealer and publisher there and in Lon- 
don, where he was succeeded by John 
Preston; pub. in collaboration with Le 
Chevardifere of Paris and J. J. Hununel 
of Amsterdam; his publications in- 
clude 'Periodical Overtures in 8 Parts,' 
4-part church songs, 40 Scottish songs 
and duets (1757), Masoijic Songs (1759), 
Scottish Reels, etc.; author of 'The 
Rudiments of Music' (1756). (2) James 
(18th cent.) : American musical pioneer. 
Ref.: IV. 69, 85. 

BRElVDEIi, Karl Franz (1811- 
1868) : b. Stolberg, d. Leipzig; critic; 
studied with Wieck; editor from 1844 
of Schumann's Nene Zeitsckrift fur 
Musik and editor of the Anregungen 
fur Kunst, Leben nnd Wissenschaft; 
professor of musical history at the 
Leipzig Cons., and a founder and for 
years president of the Allgemeiner 
deutscher Musikverein; author of 
Grundzuge der Geschichte d. Musik 
(1848), Geschichte der Musik in Italien, 
Deutschland nnd Frankreich von den 
ersten chHstlichen Zeiten, etc. (1852), 
Die Musik der Gegenwart u. die Ge- 



64 



Brenet 

sammtkunst der Zukunft (1854), Franz 
LiS7t als Symphoniker (1859), Die Or- 
ganisation des Musikwesens durch den 
Staat (1865), Geist and Technik im 
Klavierunterricht (1867), besides many 
newspaper articles. 

BRE:1VE}T, lUlchel (1858- ): b. 
Lun^vllle; author of Histoire de la 
symphonie a orchestre depuis ses origi- 
nes (prize-essay, 1882) ; Gretrg, sa vie 
et ses oeuvres (1884) ; Deux pages de la 
vie de Berlioz (1889) ; Jean d'Okeghem 
(1893) ; La musique dans les proces- 
sions (1896) ; Sebastien de Brossard 
(1896) ; Les oratoires de Carissimi 
(1893) ; La musique dans les concerts 
de femmes (1898) ; Claude Goudimel 
(1898), Notes sur I'histoire du luth en 
France (1899) ; Les concerts en France 
sous Vancien regime (1900) ; Additions 
inedites de Don Jumilhac d son traite, 
etc. (1902) ; La jeunesse de Rameau 
(1903) ; Palestrina (1905) ; La plus an- 
cienne mithode frangaise de musique 
(1907) ; J. Haydn (1909) ; Notes sur Vin- 
trodaction des instruments dans les 
eglises de France (1909) ; Les Musiciens 
de la Sainte Chapelle da Palais (1910); 
Musique et musiciens de la vieille 
France (1911); Handel (1913). Ref.: 
VIII. 285. 

BRENNER, liUdvHs, Rltter von 
(1833-1902): b. Leipzig, d. there; stud- 
ied at Leipzig Cons., member of the St. 
Petersburg Imperial Orchestra; con- 
ductor of the Berlin symphony, and 
founder of the Neue Berliner Sym- 
phoniekapelle, 1876; conductor of Mey- 
der's concert-orchestra at Breslau; com- 
poser of grand masses, overtures, sym- 
phonic poems, orchestral music, and 2 
Te Deums. 

BRENTABTO (1) Bettina: friend of 
Beethoven. Ref.: II. 139f, 145. (2) 
Maxtmlllan, friend of Beethoven. 
Ref.: VII. 575. 

BREOBRASHENSKAYA: Russian 
ballerina. Ref.: X. 183, 185, 188. 

BRESSLBR-GIANOL,!, Clotilde 
(1875-1912) : b. Geneva, d. there; mezzo- 
soprano; student at the Geneva Cons, 
and with Sangiovanni, Giacosa and 
Ronconi at the Milan Cons.; operatic 
d^but at Geneva in Samson et Dalila; 
later sang in Milan, Brussels, Bor- 
deaux, Lyons, at the Opera Comlque, 
Paris, where she made a sensation as 
Carmen; was with the San Carlos 
company in New Orleans and New 
York, at the Manhattan Opera House, 
1906-08, at the Metropolitan Opera 
House, 1909-10, and with the Philadel- 
phia-Chicago Opera Co., 1910-13; cre- 
ated several roles In modern French 
operas. 

BRETHAIi, Bertha Plerson- 
(1861- ) : operatic soprano in Ger- 
many, U. S. and Italy; Wagner roles. 

BRETON [y Hernandez], Tamils 
(1850-) : b. Salamanca; Spanish opera 
composer, who wrote the operas Los 
Amantes de Tarnel (1889), Garin, 
Raquel and FarinelU, also a number 



Brewer 

of xoTznelas and orchestral pieces 
{Andaluzas, funeral march for Alfonso 
XII, polonaise, scherzo, etc.). Ref.: IX. 
428. 

BRETZNER, C. P.: librettist of 
Mozart's Entfuhrung. Ref.: IX. 87. 

DREUNING, Stephan (1774-1827) : 
b. Bonn, d. Vienna; boyhood friend of 
Beethoven; his son, Moritz Gerhard von 
B., wrote Aus dem Schwarzspanier- 
hause, which is a mine of information 
on the last days of Beethoven. Ref.: 
II. 133, 139, 142, 144. 

BUfiVAL, (1) Jean-Bajptiste (1756- 
1825) : b. department of the Aisne, 
France, d. Chamouille, near Laon; 'cel- 
list in the Paris Grand Opera, and pro- 
fessor at the Conservatoire; composer 
of operas, symphonies, chamber music, 
'cello concertos, etc.; author of a 
'cello method. (2) Lncienne [Bertha 
Brennwald] (1870- ) : b. Manne- 
dorf, Switzerland; studied at Paris 
Cons.; debut at ttie Opera as Selika 
in I'Africaine, 1892, and since then 
principal dramatic soprano there; sang 
in United States, 1900-01 and 1901-02, 
and at Covent Garden; created chief 
soprano roles in Wagner dramas at the 
Opera; also created leading roles in 
Holmfes' La Montague noire, Giraud's 
Fredegonde, Vidal's Burgonde, Mas- 
senet's Grisilidis, Erlanger's Fits de 
I'etoile, Dukas' Ariane et Barbe-Bleue, 
Massenet's Bacchus and Bloch's Mac- 
beth. 

BRfiVIIil/E, Pierre (Onfroy) de 
(1861- ): b. Bar-le-Duc; composer; 
studied at Conservatoire with Dubois 
and CSsar Franck; since 1889 professor 
of counterpoint at the Schola Can- 
torum; member of the examining com- 
mittee for chamber music and compo- 
sition at the Conservatoire; critic for 
La France, La Revue Internationale de 
Musique and the Mercure de France; 
his compositions Include the opera 
Eros Yainqueur (1910), Sainte Rose de 
Lima, for chorus, soli and orchestra, 
a 3-part mass with organ, string or- 
chestra and harp, motets, sacred choral 
works, 2 suites for orchestra, Une ou- 
verture pour un drame and overture to 
Maeterlinck's La Princesse Malcine, in- 
cidental music to Maeterlinck's Sept 
Princesses and Kalidasa's Sakantala, 
choral works, an organ suite, piano 
pieces, etc.; with d'Indy and others 
completed Cisar Franck's unfinished 
opera Ghiselle; author of Sur les 
chansons populaires franfaises (1901). 

BREWER (1) John Hyatt (1855-) : 
American composer of church music, 
secular and sacred cantatas, etc. 
Ref.: rV. 358. (2) Alfred Herbert 
(1865- ) : b. Gloucester; organist of 
various English churches, since 1897 of 
Gloucester Cathedral, conductor of cho- 
ruses, festivals, etc.; composer of choral 
music, Incl. an oratorio 'The Holy In- 
nocents,' sacred and secular cantatas, 
odes, etc.; also orchestral and organ 
pieces, an operetta, 'Rosamond,' part- 



65 



Briard 

songs, songs, church music, etc. Ret.: 
VI. 379. 

BRIARD, £tiennc (early ir.th 
cent. J : music printer at Avignon; dis- 
tinguished for his use of round instead 
of angular note-heads. Ref.: I. 286. 

BRICCIALDI, Giulio (1818-1881) : b. 
Terni, d. Florence; member of the 
Academy of St. Cecilia at Rome, maes- 
tro at the court of Syracuse; concert 
flutist in England and America; com- 
poser of an opera, works for the flute; 
author of a method for the flute. 

bridge: (1) [Sir John] Frederick 
(1844- ) : b. Oldbury, Worcester- 
shire, pupil of his father, J. Hopkins, 
and Sir John Goss. Became organist of 
Trinity Ch., Windsor, Manchester ca- 
thedral, Westminster Abbey. Mus. Bac. 
Oxon., 1868; professor of theory. Royal 
College of Music, 1890; King Edward 
professor of music, London Univ., 1902; 
examiner for music, Oxford Univ. He 
■wrote cantatas, including 'Boadicea' 
(1880), 'Rock of Ages' (1885), and 'Cal- 
lirhoe' (1888); 'The Repentance of Nine- 
veh,' dramatic oratorio (1890) ; 'The 
Lord's Prayer' [after Dante] (1892) ; 
•The Cradle of Christ' (1894); also 2 
choral ballades, 2 oratorios, 'Mount 
Moriah,' 'Nineveh,' overture, anthems, 
part-songs, and songs. Put), primers 
on Counterpoint, Double-counterpoint, 
Canon, and Organ-accompaniment of 
the Choral Service, also a 'Harmony' 
(w. Sawyer). Ref.: HI. 421, 422; VL 
493. (2) Joseph Cox (1853- ) : b. 
Rochester; brother of (1); studied 
with his brother and ■with Hopkins ; 
organist of Chester cathedral since 
1877; revived in 1879 the Chester Tri- 
ennial Musical Festival, of which he 
was conductor until 1900; founder and 
conductor of the Chester Musical So- 
ciety, 1883, and conductor of the Brad- 
ford Festival Chorus Society, 1887-90; 
since 1908 professor of music at Univ. 
of Durham; examiner in music to Dur- 
ham, Oxford and London universities; 
composer of an oratorio, 2 cantatas, 
church services, a 'Requiem Mass,' an 
operetta 'The Belle of the Area,' a sym- 
phony, a string quartet, a sonata for 
'cello and piano, songs, organ music, 
piano pieces, etc. 

BRIDGETS, Robert, poet. Ref.: VI. 
210. 

BRIElGKIi, "Wolfgang Karl (1626- 
1712) : b. Germany, d. Darmstadt; or- 
ganist Stettin; court cantor Gotha; 
Kapellmeister at Darmstadt; wrote 
much church music and instrumental 
pieces (1652-1709). Ref.: VU. 473. 

BRIGiVOIil (19th cent.) : an Italian 
tenor, introduced to New York by Max 
Maretzek at the Academy of Music in 
1855. Ref. : TV. 132. 

[ten] BRINK, Jnles (1838-1889): 
b. Amsterdam, d. Paris; studied with 
Heinze, Dupont, E. F. Richter; music 
director at Lyons; composer In Paris of 
two operas, an orchestral suite, a sym- 
phony, a concerto for the violin, etc, 



66 



Brockway 

BRIIVSMBAD, John (1814- ): b. 
Wear Gifford, North Devon ; was the 
founder of a pianoforte manufacturing 
firm in London (1835); inventor of a 
'perfect check repeater action,' pat. in 
1868. His sons, Thomas and Edgar, 
were co-partners with him; Edgar pub. 
a pianoforte history in 1868 which was 
revised and republished eleven years 
later. 

BRISSIil/R, Frledrich Ferdinand 
(1818-1892): b. Insterburg, d. Berlin; 
studied at Berlin academy; taught at 
tlie Stern Cons., composed an opera, a 
symphony, etc., and wrote excellent 
arrangements of classics. 

BRISSON, FrSderlc (1821-1900) : b. 
Angoulfeme, Charente, d. Orleans ; 
teacher and dramatic composer in 
Paris; wrote salon pieces, an operetta, 
etc. 

BRISTOW (1) W. R. (1803-67): b. 
England; conductor in New York, (2) 
George Frederick (1825-98) : b. 
Brooklyn, N. Y., d. New York; violin- 
ist, organist and composer. Wrote 2 
operas, 'Rip Van Winkle' and 'Colum- 
bus' (unfinished), 2 oratorios, sympho- 
nies, etc. Ref.: IV. 334. 

BRITO, Kstelian de (early 17th 
cent.) : Portuguese director and com- 
poser. 

BRITTOIV, Thomas (1651-1714) : 
music patron; a pioneer of concert life 
in London; gave regular Sunday con- 
certs at his house, featuring celebrated 
musicians (including Handel). Ref.; 
VII. 481. 

BRIXI, Franz Xavcr (1732-1771): 
b. Prague, d. there; studied with 
Segert; organist, cathedral Kapell- 
meister at Prague and composer of ora- 
torios and a large number of grand 
and minor masses, one requiem and 
other church music. 

BROADWOOD AND SONS: emi- 
nent London firm of piano manufac- 
turers, was founded by Burkhard 
Shudi (correctly Tschudi) whose harp- 
sichords became famous in England 
and on the Continent. His partner, 
son-in-law and successor, was John 
Broadwood (1732-1812), originally a 
cabinet-maker. They adopted the 'Eng- 
lish mechanism' of Americus Backers 
after the latter's death in 1781, which 
was a development of the Christofori 
invention, and henceforth their piano- 
fortes were most highly esteemed. John 
B. was succeeded by James Schudi 
and Thomas Broad^wood, the latter 
by Henry Fowler B. (d. 1893), whose 
son Henry John Ttschndl B. organized 
the firm into a limited company. Ref.: 
VII. 158. 

BROCKBS, B. H.: author of the 
text of Handel's Passion. Ref.: I. 425, 
433, 480; VI. 244. 

BROCKWAY, Howard A. (1870-) : 
b. Brooklyn, N. Y.; studied in Ber- 
lin under Barth and Boise. Has 
taught and concertized in New York 
since 1895. Wrote chiefly works for 



Brod 

piano; also a symphony, orchestral 
scherzo, etc. Ref.: IV. 382f: mus ex., 
Xrv. 271. 

BROD, H. (1809-1839) : b. Paris, d. 
there; oboist, conductor, professor at 
the Conservatoire. 

BRODSKY, Adolf (1851- ): b. 
Taganrog, Russia; studied with 
Hellmesberger and at the Vienna Cons., 
violinist in the Hellmesberger quartet 
and the Imperial opera orchestra; pro- 
fessor at the Moscow Cons. ; conductor 
of symphony concerts at Kieff ; concert 
violinist In Paris, Vienna and London; 
professor of violin at Leipzig Cons, 
and professor and director at the Man- 
chester Royal College of Music. Ref.: 
Vn. 464. 

BROEKHOVEW, J. A. (1852- ): 

b. Beek, Holland; professor in Cincin- 
nati College of Music; composer of an 
orchestral suite, a grand overture, etc. 

BROGI, Renato (1873- ) : Italian 
opera composer. Ref.: III. 383. 

BROMMER, May. See Affebni. 

BRO:vS, Simon (1838- ) : b. Rot- 
terdam; teacher and writer on musical 
subjects at The Hague, composer for 
orchestra, pianoforte and songs. 

BRONSART [von Schellendorf] 
(1) Hans (1830-1913): b. Berlin; stud- 
ied at the university and with Dehn, 
Kullak, Liszt; concert pianist in Ger- 
many, at Paris and St. Petersburg, con- 
ductor in Leipzig, Berlin and Hanover; 
Intendant of the Weimar court theatre, 
1887-95, composed a piano concerto, a 
Spring Fantasy for orch., 2 sympho- 
nies, a dramatic tone poem 'Manfred,' 
a cantata, string sextet, a trio and 
piano pieces. Ref.: HI. 237. (2) 
Ingeborg -von (1840-1913) : b. St. Pe- 
tersburg, d. Munich; studied with Liszt; 
pianist and comp. of merit; wrote 
pianoforte music of various descrip- 
tions and produced four operas. Her 
maiden name was Starck; she married 
(1) In 1862. Ref.: III. 237. 

BROOKS, Walter IVtlllam (1861-) : 
composer; studied with Prout at the 
Royal Academy of Music; teacher of 
piano and voice at the William Ellis 
Endowed School, London, since 1889; 
contributor to and for a time editor 
of the 'Monthly Musical Record'; com- 
poser of an Allegro for orchestra, pieces 
for violin and piano, piano pieces, 
songs, part-songs, etc. 

BROOME, William. Edward (1868-) : 
b. Manchester; composer; studied pi- 
ano and organ with Roland Rogers at 
Bangor Cathedral; assistant organist 
there and organist of St. Mary's, 1883- 
90; conductor of Bangor Choral Society 
and Penrhyn Male Chorus, 1893; or- 
ganist in Montreal, 1894-1905, and of 
Baptist Church, Toronto, since 1905; 
on staff of Toronto Cons.; composer of 
a dramatic cantata 'The Siege of Car- 
diff Castle' (1908), and much church 
music. 

BROR, Ernst (1809-1886) : b. Silesia, 
d. Tamapol; 'cellist, organist, teacher 



Brownsmith 

of singing and composer of religious 
music. 

BROSCHI, Carlo See Farinelli (2). 

BROSIG, Moritz (1815-1887) : b. 
Fuchswinkel, Upper Silesia, d. Breslau; 
studied witli Franz Wolf; music direc- 
tor and cathedral organist and Kapell- 
meister at Breslau; assistant director 
of the Royal Institute for Catholic 
Church Music; composer of offertories, 
graduals, instrumental masses, and 
twenty books of organ compositions ; 
he wrote treatises on the organ, on 
chorales, on modulation, and on har- 
mony. Ref.: VL 321. 

BROtTiVOFP, Platon (1863- ) : 
b. Ellzabethgrad, South Russia; studied 
at St. Petersburg Cons, under Rubin- 
stein and Rimsky-Korsakoff ; living In 
New York as teacher, pianist, etc., 
since 1892; composed an overture 
'Russia,' 'Songs of Freedom,' an Ameri- 
can Indian opera 'Ramona,' a music 
drama 'Xiolna,' etc., and collected 
Jewish folk-songs. Ref.: IV. 450. 

BROTJSTET, Edouard (1836- ): 
b. Toulouse; studied with Stamaty, 
Litolff, Ravina; toured St. Petersburg, 
Portugal and Spain; pianist in Tou- 
louse where he comp. a concerto, trios, 
a <iuintet, and solos for the pianoforte, 
also a symphonic, concertante for the 
piano with orchestra. 

BROWN (1) William: American 
musical pioneer. Ref.: FV. 66, 72. (2) 
Robert (1790-1873) : b. Glasgow, d. 
Rockhaven; wrote on 'Elements of Mu- 
sical Science' and counterpoint. (3) 
Colin (1818-1890) : b. near Glasgow, 
where he lectured on music at Ander- 
son's College; wrote 'Music in Common 
Things' (1874-6), constructed a Mono- 
polytone (to combine overtones), (4) 
James Dnff (1862- ) : b. Edinburgh, 
librarian at Clerkenwell Library, Lon- 
don; wrote a dictionary of musicians 
(1886), etc., also with Stephen Stratton, 
British 'Musical Biography' (1897) ; col- 
lected songs and dances of all nations. 

BROW^SfE (1) Lennox: (19th cent.) : 
authority on voice physiology; wrote 
'Voice, Song and Speech' with Emll 
Behnke (q.v.). (2) John Lewis (1864-) : 
b. London ; organist ; studied with his 
father and with S. P. Warren and F. 
Archer; organist Holy Name Cathedral, 
Chicago, 1888; organist and conductor 
of symphony concerts in San Fran- 
cisco, 1892-98; organist of Sacred Heart 
Church, and conductor of the sym- 
phony orchestra, Atlanta, 1899-1907; 
musical director at John Wanamaker's, 
Philadelpliia, 1908-10; organist and 
choirmaster of St. Patrick's and Our 
Lady of Sorrow's Church, Chicago; de- 
signed organ for Medinah Temple, Chi- 
cago; member of Royal Philharmonic 
Academy, Rome; composer of the op- 
era La Corsicana (1903), sacred mu- 
sic, songs, organ and piano pieces. 

BROWNSMITH, J. Lieman (1809- 
1866): b. Westminster, d. there; or- 
ganist. 



e7 



Bmch 

BRUCH, Max (1838- ): b. Co- 
logne: pupil of his mother (nee Almen- 
rader), a singer, and Breidenstein at 
Bonn. He won the Mozart Foundation 
scholarship at Frankfort, 1853, and 
studied with F. Hlller, Relnecke and 
Breunlng. He prod, a symphony at 
Cologne at age of 14, and a setting of 
Goethe's Scherz, List und Rache (op. 1) 
In 1858. An opera, Loreleg (composed 
to the libretto Gelbel had written for 
Mendelssohn) appeared In 1864. His 
Frithjoff for male chorus, was prod, 
during 1864-65, and his now popular 
G mln. violin concerto in 1867. In 
Berlin he produced his opera Her- 
mione (1872) and the choral works 
Arminius and Lied von der Glocke, 
also the second violin-concerto (D 
minor). He also wrote Odysseus, for 
mixed chorus, and Normannenzug and 
Leonidas for male chorus, a cantata. 
Das Feuerkreuz, an oratorio Moses, a 
third violin concerto and 3 symphonies, 
also 2 string quartets and other cham- 
ber music, the popular Kol Nidrei, He- 
brew melody for 'cello, piano pieces 
and songs. B. was Musikdlrektor at 
Coblenz, 1865-67, court Kapellmeister 
at Sondershauseu, 1867-70, conductor of 
the Stern Gesangvereln, Berlin, 1878, of 
the Philharmonic Soc, Liverpool, 1880, 
the Orchestral Soc., Breslau, 1883-90; 
director of a Master School for Com- 
position at the Berlin Academy, 1891- 
1910, when he retired. Ref.: III. xii, 
93, 207/; VI. 19711; VII. 452, 465: VIH. 
252 ; portrait, Vt. 202 ; mus. ex., XtV. 40. 

BRUCKEN-FOCK, Smile van! 
comp., a one-act music drama, Seleneia 
(1895), works for chorus, orcn., etc. 

BRttCKXBR, Hugo (1845-1871) : b. 
Dresden, d. there; composer of songs 
(Lieder ans Scheffel's Trompeter von 
Sakklngen, etc.). ballades, male cho- 
ruses, etc. 

BRUCKNER, Anton (1824-1896) : b. 
Ansfelden, Upper Austria, d. Vienna. 
The son of a country schoolmaster and 
orphaned In childhood, he taught him- 
self In organ playing and counterpoint, 
with such remarkable success that he 
secured appointment as cathedral or- 
ganist at Llnz in 1855. He now became 
a pupil of O. Kitzler in composition and 
Sechter in counterpoint and succeeded 
the latter as court-organist at Vienna, 
also as professor at the Vienna Cons. 
He became Lektor of music at the Univ. 
in 1875 and received the honorary de- 
gree of doctor in 1891. He travelled 
to France and England, becoming 
known as one of the greatest organ 
virtuosi of his day. He was a friend 
and admirer of Wagner, whose influ- 
ence is supposed to be strong in his 
work, which, however, is classic in 
form and frequently leans to the side 
of Brahms. He wrote 9 symphonies 
(No. 1, C mln.; No. 2, C mm.; No. 3, 
D mln.; No. 4 ['Romantic'], E-flat; 
No. 5, B-flat; No. 6, A; No. 7, E; No. 8, 
C mln.. No. 9 [unfinished]), a Te Deum 



Brune 

(1886), grand masses in D min., E mln., 
and F min.; a Requiem; graduals, 
offertories, psalms; Germanenzug, and 
several other works for male chorus; a 
string quartet in F, and other chamber 
music. Ref.: II. 438; III. vill, ix, xili, 
201f, 2i9ff, 227; choral works, VI. 488; 
symphonies, VIII. 270ff; influence, VIII. 
404, 411, 465; mus. ex., XIV. 31; por- 
trait, HI. 202; caricature, VIII. 270. 

BRCCKNBR, Oskar (1857- ) : b. 
Erfurt; studied with Griltzmacher and 
Draeseke; 'cellist in concert tours over 
Germany, Russia, Poland and Holland; 
virtuoso on the 'cello at the Strelitz 
court; 'cellist in the Wiesbaden Royal 
Theatre and teacher in the conservatory 
there. His compositions include solo 
pieces for tlie 'cello, pianoforte works, 
songs and arrangements for the 'cello, 

BRUDIEU, Juan (16th cent.) : Span- 
ish priest and composer; cathedral con- 
ductor at Urgel and Barcelona; wrote 
madrigals. 

BRUHNS, Nlkolaus (1665-1697): b. 
Schwabstadt, Schleswig, d. Husum; 
studied with Buxtehude; organist at 
Copenhagen; composer for organ and 
piano and performer on the violin and 
organ (together!). Ref.: VII. 422. 

BRt>IiL., Ignaz (1846-1907) : b. Pross- 
nitz, d. Vienna; pupil of Epstein, Rufl- 
natscha and Dessoff, Vienna. Toured as 
pianist, then became professor of the 
Hor4k Institute, Vienna. He composed 
operas. Die Settler von Samarkand 
(1864) ; Das goldene Kreuz (Berlin, 
1875) ; Der Landfriede (Vienna, 1877) ; 
Bianca (Dresden, 1879) ; Konigin Mari- 
ette (Munich, 1883) ; Das steineme Herz 
(Vienna, 1888) ; Gringoire (1 act, Mu- 
nich, 1892) ; Schach dem Konig (Munich, 
1893); and Der Husar (Vienna, 1898), a 
very successful 2-act comic opera; also 
for orchestra, Im Walde, Jagdouvertilre, 
3 serenades, overture to Macbeth, Tanz- 
Suite; 2 piano concertos, 1 violin con- 
certo, a suite for piano and violin, 
sonatas for 'cello, 2 pianos, violin, pi- 
ano pieces, part-songs, songs, etc. Ref.: 
III. 256; IX. 423. 

BRTJMEl,, Anton (15th-16th cent.)! 
Netherland composer contemp. with 
Josquin; at the court of the Duke of 
Sora in Lyons to 1505, when he went 
to Alfonso I. d'Este at Ferrara. Of his 
compositions 6 4-part masses, frag- 
ments of others, and motets were print- 
ed by PetruccI (1503-14), 3 masses by 
Antiquus (1516) and 1 each by Otts 
and Petrejus (1539) ; others in MS. in 
Munich, Vienna, etc. 

BRUNE, Adolf Gerhard (1870-) : 
b. Bakkum, near Hanover; studied with 
his father and at the Teacher's Semi- 
nary, Osnabriick; for five years organ- 
ist in Peoria, 111.; since 1898 teacher 
of piano and composition at the Chi- 
cago Musical College; composer of 3 
symphonies, 2 symphonic poems, and 
other works for orchestra, 2 piano con- 
certos and an organ concerto, a 6-part 
mass a cappella, choral works with 



68 



Bruneau 

and without orchestra, 5 string quar- 
tets, other orch. works, a mass a cap- 
pella, chamber music, organ works, 
piano pieces, songs, etc. 

BRTJNEIAU, [Louls-CIiarles-Bona- 
venture-] Alfred (1857- ): b. 
Paris; studied 'cello with Franchomme 
at the Conservatoire and won 1st 'cello 
prize, 1876, harmony with Savard, and 
comp. with Massenet, and won 1st 
prize, 1881, with his cantata Sainte 
Geneviive. He composed Kirim (Op- 
era-Populaire, 1887) ; Le Reve (Paris. 
1892) ; L'Attaque du moulin (Opera- 
Comique, 1893) ; Messidor (libretto by 
fimile Zola) (Opera, 1897). Of these 
L'Attaque da Moulin was the most suc- 
cessful by far. He also wrote 2 over- 
tures, 2 symphonic poems. La belle an 
bots dormant and songs, Lieds de 
France, Lieds en prose (Mendes), etc. 
B. was critic for Gil Bias, 1893-95, for 
Figaro from 1895. He wrote on French 
opera, Russian music, etc, Ref.: III. 
viil, ix, 342fr; VI. 387; operas, IX. 462f. 

BRUNELLI, Antonio (early 17th 
cent.) : maestro di cappella at the Flor- 
entine court and composer of motets, 
canzonette and madrigals; author of a 
treatise on counterpoint pub. in Flor- 
ence in 1610. 

BRTJKTETTI, Gaetano (ca. 1740- 
1808): b. Pisa, d. Madrid; studied with 
Nardini; court musician in Spain and 
composer of symphonies, sextets, quin- 
tets, etc. His intrigues resulted in 
Boccherini's dismissal in Madrid. 

BRTJIVI, Antonio Bartolomeo (1759- 
1823): b. Coni, Piedmont, d. there; 
studied with Pugnani and Spezzani; 
violinist and conductor in Paris; com- 
poser of operas, music for the violin; 
author of violin and viola methods. 

BRVNNBR, Christian Transott 
(1792-1874) : b. Brunlos, near Stollberg, 
d. Chemnitz; organist, director and 
composer of pedagogic piano pieces, 
pot-pourris for beginners, etc. 

BRUNSWICK, Countess Therese 
von: friend of Beethoven. Ref.: II. 
145. 

BRTJTCK, [Karl] Debrols van 
(1828-1902): b. Briinn, d. Waldhofen; 
abandoned the study of law for music, 
which he learned under Ruflnatscha; 
contributor to musical journals, author 
of a technical and aesthetic analysis of 
the 'Well-tempered Clavichord,' 'Robert 
Schumann' and "The evolution of piano- 
forte music from Johann Sebastian 
Bach to Robert Schumann.' 

BRYBIVIVIUS, Manuel (early 14th 
cent.) : last of the Greek theorists, wrote 
'Harmonica,' in which he gathered and 
summarized the work of earlier 
writers. 

BRYNE, Albertns (ca. 1621-after 
1677) : London organist at St. Paul's 
and Westminster. 

BUCHER, Karl (1847- ): b. Kir- 
berg, near Wiesbaden; author of Arbeit 
und Rythmus (1896). Ref.: (cited) 
L 6, 96, 195. 



Btthler 

BUCHHAIiTER, Simon (1881- ) : 
b. Kieif, Russia; pianist; studied in 
New York with Paolo Gallico and 
Leopold Kramer, and in Vienna with 
Epstein and Stocker; toured United 
States, 1902-05, 1909-10, and 1912-13; 
head of piano department, Lindberg 
School of Music, Wichita, Kans., 1907; 
composer of an oratorio, the opera 'A 
Lovers' Knot,' a symphonic overture, 
piano pieces, songs, etc. 

BUCHHOLZ (Berlin organ manufac- 
turers) (1) Johann Simeon (1758- 
1825) : b. Schlosswippach, near Erfurt, 
d. Berlin; founder of the Arm. (2) 
Karl Angnst (1796-1884) : successor to 
his father. (3) Karl Friedrich (d. 
1885) : grandson and last organ builder 
of the family. 

BtrCHNER, Adolf Emil (1826- 
1908) : b. Osterfeld, d. Erfurt; stud- 
ied at the Conservatory of Leipzig; 
conductor at Meinlngen and Erfurt; 
composed overtures, symphonies, cham- 
ber music, cantata, 2 operas, etc. 

BUCK (1) Dudley (1839-1909): b. 
Hartford, Conn., d. Orange, N. J.; 
studied at the Leipzig Cons., under 
Plaidy, Moscheles, Richter, Hauptmann 
and Bietz; organist of St. Jacob's, Chi- 
cago, St. Paul's, etc., Boston, and Trin- 
ity Church, Brooklyn, also conductor of 
the Apollo Club there and assistant 
conductor of the Thomas Orchestra; 
teacher of George W. Chadwick, Clar- 
ence Eddy and others. He composed 
church music, cantatas, a setting of 
Psalm 46 and organ pieces; also scenes 
from Longfellow's 'Golden Legend,' an 
overture 'Marmion,' a concerto for 2 
horns, a symphony, 2 string quartets, 
songs, choral songs, a burlesque oper- 
etta 'Deseret' (1880) and an unper- 
formed opera 'Serapis.' He also pub. 
'Illustrations in Choir Accompaniment' 
and pedal studies for organ. His son 
Dudley B., Jr., is a well-known vocal 
teacher in New York. Ref.: IV. 345f ; VI. 
218ff, 498. (2) Percy Carter (1871-) : 
b. West Ham, Essex; studied music at 
the Guildhall School of Music, London, 
also with Parry and Walter Parratt; 
Mus. D. Oxon., 1897; organist Wells 
Cathedral; professor of music at Dub- 
lin Univ. since 1910. He composed an 
overture, a piano quintet, a piano quar- 
tet, a string quartet, a violin sonata, 
piano pieces, a sonata and other pieces 
for organ, anthems, etc., and wrote 
(with Mee and Woods) 'Ten Years of 
University Music in Oxford' (1894), 
also (alone) 'Unflgured Harmony' 
(1911), 'Organ Playing' in 1912, and 
'The First Year at the Organ.' Ref.: 
in. 429. 

BtTHIiER, Franz (1760-1824): b. 
Schneldheim, near Nordlingen, d. Augs- 
burg; Benedictine monk; conductor at 
Augsburg cathedral; composed ora- 
torio, church music, sonatas, organ 
preludes, and one opera; collected Ger- 
man songs and wrote theoretical 
brochures. 



69 



BuU 

BULL (1) John (1563-1628): b. 
Somersetshire, England; d. Antwerp; 
pupil of William Blitheman in the 
Chapel Royal; organist Hereford Cathe- 
dral, 1582, and later 'master of the 
children.' Mus. Doc., Oxon., 1592. On 
Queen Elizabeth's recommendation, he 
was made professor at Gresham Col- 
lege (1596-1607). He became organist 
of the cathedral of Notre Dame at 
Antwerp in 1617. According to the 
list in Ward's 'Lives of the Gresham 
Professors,' he produced 200 composi- 
tions, some of which appeared in con- 
temporary collections (exercises and 
variations for the virginals, some can- 
ons, and an anthem). A few are re- 
printed in Pauer's 'Old English Com- 
posers.' Ref.: I. 306; VI. 448, 449; VII. 
19, 32; VIII. 125; mus. ex., XIII. 88. 
(2) Ole Bornemann (1810-1880) : b. 
Bergen, d. near there ; violinist ; pupil of 
Paulsen, but formed a style peculiarly 
his own. Went to Spohr in 1829, but 
left him and went to Paris (1831), 
"where he came under Paganinifs influ- 
ence; made dibut in 1832. Toured ex- 
tensively, also in the U. S. ; founded a 
national theatre at Bergen, but left 
the town because of disputes; attempt- 
ed to establish a Norwegian colony in 
Pennsylvania, but lost heavily, and re- 
newed concert activity. A past-master 
of all resources and tricks of technique, 
he was not a broadly educated musi- 
cian, and seldom played any but his 
own pieces. He wrote 2 concertos, and 
many characteristic violin pieces. 
Ref.: Vn. 452; VIII. 73. 

BTTLIiARD, Frederick Field (1864- 
1904) : American composer; pupil of 
Rhelnberger; published over 100 songs, 
part-songs, anthems, etc. Ref,: IV. 
353. 

BCLOW^, Hans [GnldoJ von (1830- 
1894): b. Dresden; d. Cairo, Egypt; 
pianist, conductor and critic; studied 
piano with Wieck and harmony with 
Eberwein, counterpoint with Haupt- 
mann. In Berlin he became an ardent 
Wagner disciple, joined the master in 
Zurich, 1850-51, and learned conduct- 
ing from him. He conducted in the- 
atres at Ziirlch and St. Gallen, then 
studied with Liszt at Weimar. After 
two tours as pianist he became Kul- 
lak's successor at the Stern Cons., Ber- 
lin. He was made court pianist in 
1857 and received a similar appoint- 
ment in Munich through Wagner's in- 
fluence, 1864, was court Kapellmeister, 
1867-69, and dir. of the Music School. 
After a sojourn at Florence he became 
court Kapellmeister at Hanover and 
Hofmnsik-lntendant at Saxe-Meiningen 
in 1880. After 1885 he taught at the 
Raff Cons., Frankfort, and Klind- 
"worth's Cons., Berlin; directed the 
Philharm. Concerts at St. Petersburg 
and Berlin, and the Subscription Con- 
certs at Homburg, which he founded. 
B. was not only a great technician, but 
a most remarkable interpreter, both 



70 



Baonamente 

as pianist and conductor, and was en- 
dowed with a wonderful memory. He 
married (first) Cosima, the daughter of 
Liszt, whom he divorced and who then 
married Wagner. His second wife was 
Marie Schanzer, an actress. B. com- 
posed music to 'Julius Caesar,' a sym- 
phonic mood picture, orchestral char- 
acter pieces, piano pieces and songs. 
He made fine transcriptions of Wagner 
and Berlioz, and edited Beethoven's 
Sonatas. Ref.: HL 18, 23, 235; VI. 344; 
VII. 44, 332, 342; VIH. 256; portrait, 
Vin. 310. 

BULSS, Paul (1847-1902): b. Birk- 
holz, d. Temesvar; studied with Engel; 
operatic baritone at Lubeck, Cologne, 
Cassel, Dresden and the Berlin court 
opera. 

BUIiTHAUPT, Helnricb Alfred 
(1849-1905) : b. Bremen, d. there; 
author of Dramaturgie der Oper (1887), 
Karl Lowe, etc. (1898) and other musi- 
cal books, also librettos. 

BULWBR-I/YTTON. Ref.: (Wag- 
ner's adaptation of 'Rienzi'i II. 406; 
IX. 262. 

BUNGERT, Angnst (1846-1915): b. 
Milhlheim, d. Leutesdorf; studied with 
Kufferath, at the Cologne Cons, and 
with Mathlas in Paris and later Kiel 
in Berlin; Musikdirektor in Kreuznach, 
lived in Berlin, near Genoa and Leutes- 
dorf-on-the-Rhine. He wrote a piano 
quartet (prize of the Florentine Quar- 
tet, 1878), piano pieces, many songs, 
male quartets, overture Tasso, Svm- 
phonia vitrix, a symphonic poem, etc., 
for orch., a comic opera Die Studenten 
von Salamanka (Leipzig, 1884), a 
musico-dramatic tetralogy Homerische 
Welt (4 parts, 1898-1903) ; also a mys- 
tery, a 'Zeppelin' symphony, music to 
Faust, etc. Ref.: III. viii, 240, 268; V. 
312; VL 355f; IX. 420. 

BUNNBT, Edward (1834- ): b. 
Shipdam, England; organist articled to 
Dr. Buck at Norwich Cathedral, con- 
ductor of the Norwich Musical Union 
(1871-92) ; composer of cantatas, serv- 
ices, anthems, part-songs, and pieces 
for piano, organ, etc. 

BUlVBflNG, Herbert (1863- ): b. 
London; studied with Ferroni at Mi- 
lan; composer of symphonic poems, 
overtures, orchestral suite, part-songs 
and an unpublished opera; conductor 
at London theatres. 

BTJIVTING, Edward (1773-1843) : b. 
Armagh, Ireland; d. Dublin; collected 
and published three volumes of Irish 
music gathered from the minstrel 
harpists. 

BTJJVYAN, John. Ref.: TV. 12. 

BUONAMENTE, Giovanni Bat- 
tista (early 17th cent.) : one of the 
first composers of sonatas for vio- 
lin; Imperial court musician, ca. 1626, 
and chapel master of the Franciscan 
monastery of Assisl, ca. 1636; pub- 
lished 7 books of sonatas, symphonies 
and dances, some preserved in uie Mu- 
nicipal Library of Breslau, 



Buonamicl 

BUONAMICI, Ginseppe (1S64-1914) : 
b. Florence, d. there; studied with 
his uncle, G. Ceccherlnl, wltli von 
Bulow and Rheinberser; 1870-73 taught 
in Munich at the Conservatory; con- 
ductor of a chorus in Florence, foun- 
der of the Trio Society there; became 
professor of piano at tlie Royal Inst, 
of Music. Wrote a quartet, overture, 
piano pieces, etc., and edited 50 itudes 
of Bertlnl, special etudes for Beethoven 
study, Beethoven's sonatas; pub. 'The 
Art of Scale Study.' 

BUONGIORNO, Crescenzo (1864- 
1903) : b. Bonlto, Province of Avelllno, 
d. Dresden; composer; studied with 
Serrao at the Naples Cons.; his works 
include the operettas Abukadabar 
(1889), Circe e Calipso (1892), La 
nuova Saliarella (1894), and the op- 
eras Etelka (1887), Das Erntefest 
(1896), Das Mddchenherz (1901) and 
Michel Angela nnd Rolla (1903). 

BUONI, Giorgio (17th cent.) : com- 
posed Alettamenti da camera for two 
violins and continuo (liologna, 1693). 
Ref.: VII. 390. 

BUOJVOIVCIIVI. See Bononcini. 

BURANKIiliO. See Galuppi. 

burbttre: de -wesembeek, 

liSon Philippe marie. Chevalier de» 
(1812-1889) : b. Termonde, East Flan- 
ders, d. Antwerp ; author of mono- 
graphs on the ancient Antwerp music 
guilds of Saint Job and Saint Maria 
Magdalena; also on clavichord and lute 
makers in Antwerp after the 16th cen- 
tury, on the Belgian Cecillan Society, 
and on Haussens, Bosselet and Oke- 
ghem; also composed for orchestra, 
chamber music and church music. 

BVRCHARD, Bishop of Worms. 
Ref.: X. 129. 

BURCI. See BuBTius. 

BURCK, Joachim. See BiniGK. 

Bt}RDE-)VBY, Jenny (1826-1886) : 
b. Graz, d. Dresden; soprano; sang in 
Germany, Austria and FSigland; retired 
from the stage 1867, and taught. In 
1853 she married E. Bilrde. 

BURETTE, P. J. (1665-1747) : b. 
Paris, d. there; professor of medicine 
in the University of Paris; wrote on 
Greek music, controverting the theory 
of the Greek knowledge of polyphony. 
Ref.: (cited on Greek dance) X. 63. 

BVRGEIj, Konstantin (1837-1909) : 
b. Liebau, Silesia; d. Breslau; studied 
with Brosig and Kiel ; taught pianoforte 
at Kullak Academy; composed over- 
tures, chamber music. 

BVRGER. Ref.: II. 223; VII. 339. 

BURGK, Joachim Miiller (or miil- 
Icr), called J. A. Burgk (ca. 1541- 
1610) : b. Burg, d. Milhlhausen; organ- 
ist and Protestant composer of church 
music. 

BURGMEIIV, J., pseudonym. See 

RiCORDI, GlULIO. 

BrrRGMt^IiliER (1) Johann Fried, 
rich Franz (1806-1874) : b. Ratisbon, 
d. Beaulieu, France; wrote easy pi- 
ano pieces. (2) JVorbert (1810-1836) 



fiuruej' 

brother of (1) ; b. Diisseldorf, d. 
Aachen; studied with Spohr and , 
Hauptmann; pianist; composer of pi- 
anoforte concerts, a rhapsody, sonatas, 
a polonaise, quartets, etc. 

BITRKHARD, Joliann Andreas 
Christian (early 19th cent.) : author 
of a 'Dictionary of Music' (published 
at Ulm, 1832) and a 'Method of Thor- 
ough Bass' (1827). 

BURKHARDT, Max (1871- ): 
b. Lobau in Saxony; composer and 
author; studied at Leipzig and Greifs- 
wald; conductor of the Llederkranz in 
Cologne, 1899; musical critic, and lec- 
turer on music at the Lessing Hoch- 
schule, Berlin, since l90(); composer 
of the opera Konig Drosselbart (1904) 
and Das Moselgretchen (1912), a sym- 
phony, choral works and songs; au- 
tlior of Fiiiirer durch R. Wagners Mu- 
sikdramen (1909), Filhrer durch die 
Konzerlmusik (1911), Johannes Brahms: 
Bin Filhrer durch seine Werke (1912). 

BURIjEIGH (1) Cecil (1885- ): 
b. Wyoming, N. Y. ; violinist, composer 
and teacher; studied violin with Emil 
Sauret and Hugo Hecrmann at the Chi- 
cago Musical College and with Max 
Griinberg at Berlin; made concert 
tours in United States and Canada, 
1907-09; pub. a number of pieces for 
violin and piano, including 'Ascension 
Sonata' (1914). Ref.: IV. 401. (2) 
Harry: b. Erie, Pa.; contemp. Ameri- 
can song-composer of negro parentage; 
studied music at National Conserva- 
tory of Music, New York, 1892; bari- 
tone soloist at Bethesda Episcopal 
Church, Saratoga; St. George's Church, 
New York, since 1894; composed many 
songs ('Jean,' 'Deep River,' 'The Young 
Warrior,' etc.), some in negro folk- 
music style, also 'Saracen Songs,' etc. 
Ref.: IV. 443. 

BTJRMEISTER, Richard (I860-) : 
b. Hamburg; pianist; studied and trav- 
elled with Liszt; teacher in Hamburg 
Conservatory, director of pianoforte in 
Peabody Institute, Baltimore; composed 
piano concerto, symphonic fantasy, pi- 
ano transcriptions, etc. 

BURNEY, Charles (1726-1814): b. 
Shrewsbury, d. Chelsea; studied with 
Baker and with Dr. Ame; organist 
and musical historian, Mus. Doc.; 
composer of incidental dramatic music, 
violin concertos, cantatas, duets for 
the flute, etc. He travelled extensively 
in Europe and his historical criticism 
of the music of his day in Europe is 
his chief claim to fame. He wrote 'The 
Present State of Music in France and 
Italy' (1771), 'The Present State of 
Music in Germany, the Netherlands, 
etc' (1773), and a most valuable 'Gen- 
eral History of Music' in 4 volumes 
(1776-89) ; also an Italian essay on the 
music of papal chapel (by Palestrlna, 
Allegri and Bai) (1784), articles for 
Ree's 'Encyclopedia,' etc. Ref.: (quot- 
ed) I. 84f; (on 17th cent, opera) I. 
377; (on madrigal by Festa) I. 276; 



71 



Bums 

(on relation of music to poetry) 11. 
27; (on Viennese musical supremacy) 
II. 50; (on Stamitz) II. 64, 67; (travels 
of) n, 76, footnote; (description of Vi- 
enna) II. 80ff; (and Haydn) II. 89; 
(cited) VI. 72, 102f; VU. 43; 48, 108, 
394, 408, 415. 

BURNS, Rolbert. Ref.: V. 91, 95f, 
113f; VI. 210. 

BTJRONI. See Boroni. 
BURR, Willard. (1852- ) : b. 
Ohio; studied at Oberlin Conservatory 
and with Haupt at Berlin; composer of 
a grand sonata for piano and violin, 
fugues, etudes, fantasies, string quar- 
tets, anthems, songs, etc. 

BURRIAN, Carl (1870- ) : b. 
Prague; operatic tenor; studied with 
Piwoda; d^but at Reval (1892) ; sang 
in Cologne, Hanover, Hamburg, Dres- 
den, Vienna and New York; principal 
roles include Tristan, Parsifal, Sieg- 
fried, Siegmund, Walter, Lohengrin and 
Tannhauser^ Ref.: IV. 155. 

BURROVSTES, Jolin Freokleton 
(1787-1852): b. London, d. there; pi- 
anist, organist and teacher in London; 
wrote 'Thorough Bass Primer* and 'Pi- 
anoforte Primer'; composed an orches- 
tral overture, sonatas for piano with 
flute, 'cello or violin, piano diver- 
tissements, English ballads, etc. 

BURTIUS (Bnrcl, Bnrzio), Nicolas 
(1450-1518): b. Parma, d. there; wrote 
the Musices opusculum, which, pub. in 
Bologna by U. de Rugeriis, is one of 
the oldest works containing printed 
mensural music. 

BURTON (1) Avery: cathedral mu- 
sician and composer in the reign of 
Henry VIII. (2) Frederick: Russell 
(1861-1909): b. JonesvlUe, Mich.; d. 
Hopatcong, N. J.; author and com- 
poser; wrote 'Primitive American Mu- 
sic' and other works; composed dra- 
matic cantatas ('Hia"watha,' etc.), ode 
for the 2nd inauguration of Pres. Mc- 
Kinley, songs, anthems, etc. Ref.: I. 
39; rv. 347; V. 42. 

BUSBY, Thomas (1755-1838): b. 
Westminster, d. Betonville, London; 
English organist, Mus. D., Cambridge, 
1800; composer of an oratorio, odes, 
songs, etc., of conventional type; author 
of a 'General History of Music,' a 'Mu- 
sical Grammar,' a music manual, etc. 

BUSCH, Carl (1862- ): b. Ger- 
many; conductor of Kansas City Sym- 
phony Orchestra and composer of 
works for orchestra and for chorus 
and orchestra; also violin pieces and 
songs. Ref.: IV. 39«f; mus. ex., XIV. 
241. 

BUSI (1) Giuseppe (1808-1871): 
Bolognese composer of excellent church 
music in the contrapuntal style; pro- 
fessor of coimterpolnt at the Liceo. (2) 
Alessandro (1833-1895) : b. Bologna, d. 
there; 'cellist in the theatre orchestra 
which he later conducted; teacher of 
harmony, then professor of counter- 
point at the Liceo; director of a school 
of singing and composer of church 



Bustlnl 

music, romances, choral and orchestral 
symphony, an Elegia funebre for Ros- 
sini, etc. 

BUSNOIS, Antolne ([?]-1492): d. 
Bruges; singer in the Burgundlan court 
chapel, 1467; composed chansons (3 
printed by Petrucci), church music, still 
extant In manuscript. Ref.: I. 244, 245. 

BUSONI, Ferrncclo Benvenuto 
(1866- ): b. Empoli, near Florence; 
celebrated pianist composer; son of an 
Italian father (Fernando B., clarinet- 
tist) and a German mother (nee Weiss, 
pianist), who taught him; made debut 
at 8 in Vienna; toured Italy after 
further study with Remy in Graz. He 
went to Leipzig in 1886, taught in 
Helsingfors Cons., 1888-89, took Rubin- 
stein prizes for composition and piano 
playing; became prof, in the Imp. 
Cons, at Moscow, 1890; professor of 
piano in the New England Cons., Bos- 
ton, Mass., 1891-93; toured Europe, also 
U. S., and settled in Berlin. Composed 
songs, piano preludes, etudes, chamber 
music, orchestral suites, symphonic 
poems; also 'ballet scenes,' a Kon- 
zertstilck, etc., for piano, and famous 
transcriptions of Bach's works. Ref,: 
III. xxi, 275; VL 446, 492; VUL 419; 
IX. 432; portrait, VII. 364. 

BCSSBR, Henri Paul (1872- ) : 
b. Toulouse; studied at Paris in the 
Niedermeyer School and the Conserva- 
toire; winner of the Prix de Rome 
(1893) ; composer of 2 cantatas, an or- 
chestral suite, a 3-act opera, etc. Ref.: 
in. 363. 

BUSSHOP, Angnste GniUanme 
(1810-1896): b. Paris, d. Bruges; a 
self-educated and successful composer 
of cantatas, church and military music. 

BUSSING, Romain (1830-1899) : b. 
Paris, d. there; singer; teacher at the 
Paris Conservatory; founder of the 
Sociite nationale de musique. Ref.: 
III. 287. 

BUSSLER, Lndwis (1838-1900) : b. 
Berlin, d. there; studied with various 
teachers in Berlin (Dehn, Wieprecht, 
and others) ; instructor in theory at the 
Ganz (later Schwantzer) and the Stem 
Conservatory; theatre conductor and 
music critic. He has published 11 
books of theory, including a Prak- 
tische musikalische Kompositionslehre, 
a Geschichte der Musik, etc. 

BUSSMKYER (1) Hugo (1842-): 
b. Brunswick; studied with Richter, 
Litolff and Methfessel; concert pian- 
ist; appeared in South America, New 
York, Paris; settled in Rio Janeiro; 
composer for the piano and author of 
Das Heidenihum in der Musik, pub- 
lished 1871. (2) Hans (1853- ): b. 
Brunswick; brother of Hugo; studied 
at Munich Royal School of Music and 
with Liszt; toured as pianist in South 
America, then returned to Munich, 
where he became teacher, then director 
in the Royal School of Music and 
founded (1879) a Choral Society. 

BUSTINI. Alessandro (1876- ): 



72 



Bntbs 

Italian opera composer; principal 
■work, Maria Dulcis. Ref.: III. 383. 

BUTHS, Julius (1851- ): b. 
Wiesbaden; studied with his father, 
Gernsheim, Hiller and Kiel; won the 
Meyerbeer scholarship; lived in Milan 
and Paris from 1873-74; conductor in 
Wiesbaden, Breslau, Elberfeld; director 
of the Dilsseldorf Cons., 1902; com- 
posed chamber music, a piano concerto, 

BUTT, Clara (1873- ): b. South- 
wick, Sussex; contralto; studied at the 
Royal College of Music, with Bouhy in 
Paris and E^elka Gerster in Berlin; 
d£but at Albert Hall, 1892; very suc- 
cessful in English festivals and con- 

BCTTNER, Paul (1870- ) : b. 
Dresden; composer; studied with 
Draeseke at the Dresden Cons.; teacher 
there, 1896-1907; his compositions in- 
clude 3 symphonies, 2 symphonic fan- 
tasies, an overture to Grabbe's Na- 
poleon, Saturnalia for wind instru- 
ments and kettle-drums, sonatas for 
piano and violin, male choruses a 
cappella and with orchestra, and a 1- 
act opera Anka. 

BUTTSTEDT, Jobann Heinrlcli 
(1666-1727) : b. Bindersleben, near Er- 
furt ; d. Erfurt ; studied with Pachelbel ; 
organist at the Erfurt cathedral ; com- 
posed church music and for clavier 
and organ; wrote polemics defending 
the principles of solmization against 
Mattfieson. 

BXJTTYKAY, A.: contemp. Hun- 
garian composer; has written sym- 
phonic works and a children's opera, 
•Cinderella.' Ref.: III. 199. 

BUUS, Jaanes, or Jachet de (16th 
cent.) : Flemish conjposer, second or- 
ganist at St. Mark's, 1541, organist of 
the Vienna court chapel, 1551-64; pub. 
2 books ricercari, 2 books canzoni 
francesi, 1 book 4-part motets (1549), 
also madrigals. Ref.: VI. 417. 

BTJXTEHUDE, Dietrich (1639- 
1707): b. Helsingborg, Sweden; d. Lil- 
beck, where he was organist at 
the Marienkirche from 1668, and estab- 



Byrd 

lished the celebrated Abendmusiken 
(musical services made up of organ- 
music and concerted pieces for chorus 
and orchestra, held on Sunday after- 
noons from 4 to 5) in 1675. J. S. 
Bach walked 50 miles, from Arnstadt, 
to hear them. He was also distin- 
guished as a composer, especially in the 
fugue and suite forms. Philipp Spitta 
has edited a complete edition of his 
organ works; those for other instru- 
ments or voices are mostly preserved 
in manuscript only. They include, as 
far as discovered, church cantatas, pub. 
in the Denkmdler deutscher Tonkanst, 
vol. xlv; 14 trio sonatas for violin, 
gamba and continue (op. 1 and 2), 6 
sonatas (2 violins, gamba and con- 
tinuo; 1 violin, gamba and cont. ; 
gamba, violone and cont.) pub. in the 
Denkmdler^ vol. xi; 5 wedding arias. 
Die fried- und freudenreiche Heimfahrt 
des alien Simeons (1671, printed 1674), 
Die Hochzeit des Lammes (1678), Cas- 
irum doloris and Templum honoris 
(1705). Ref.: I. 361, 451, 458, 471, 476; 
VI. 433f, 436; VII. 16; VIII. 284. 

BUZZOIiA, Antonio (1815-1871): b. 
Adria, d. Venice; studied with Doni- 
zetti ; travelled in Germany and France ; 
church and operatic composer; maestro 
di cappella at St. Mark's ; produced 
5 operas in Venice. Ref.: II. 503. 

BYRD (or Byrde, Bird, Byred), 
William (1543-1623) : b. London, d. 
tliere; pupil of Tallis, organist at Lin- 
coln, member of the Chapel Royal; 
with Tallis obtained a patent for the 
exclusive printing and selling of music, 
which he retained after Tallis' death 
(1585). Of his own compositions he 
pub. Cantiones sacrae 5 v. (1575), 
'Psalms, Sonnets and Songs,' etc., 3-6 v. 
(1588), 'Songs of sundrie natures' 3-6 v. 
(1589), 2 books Sacrae cantiones (1589, 
'91), 2 books Gradualia oc sacrae can- 
tiones 3-6 V. (1607), 3 masses, 4 canons 
and instrumental music in the Fitz- 
wllliam and other virginal books. 
Ref.: I. 305ff; IV. 4; VI. 75, 98, 136, 
449; vn. 19; VIII. 124; mus. ex. XIII. 
79. 



73 



Caballero 



See Fernandez-Ca- 



CABAIiliERO, 

BELLERO. 

CABEI/, or Calm (1) fidonard: sing- 
er at Paris Opera Comique and Lyrique. 
(2) Marle-Josephe-Dreulette (1827- 
1885): b. Liege, d. Maisons Lafltte; 
studied at tlie Conservatoire after lier 
marriage; operatic soprano in Paris, 
Brussels, Lyons, Strassburg, London 
and the French provinces; created 
DinoTOh. 

CABEZOJiT (1) Don Felix Antonio 
de (1510-1566) : b. Castrojeriz, Burgos, 
d. Madrid; blind performer on harpsi- 
chord and organ; chamber musician 
and instrumental composer to the king. 
Ref.: VI. 445. (2) Hernando de: son 
of Felix; editor of his father's manu- 
scripts; himself a composer. 

CABLE, George W. Ref.: IV. 307f. 

CABO, Francisco Javier (1768- 
1832) : b. Najera, near Valencia, d. 
Valencia; singer, organist and chapel- 
master at the cathedral there; composer 
of masses, vespers, etc., in old a cap- 
pella style. 

CACCINI (1) Ginllo [11 Romano] 
(ca. 1550-1618) : b. Rome, d. Florence, 
as singer to the Tuscan court. He stud- 
ied singing and lute with Sclpione della 
Palla. According to the manner of his 
time, he wrote contrapuntal madrigals, 
but he was soon influenced by the dis- 
cussions of the camerata meeting at 
the Palazzo Bardi, and the experiments 
of V. Galileo (q.v.). Hence he began 
writing vocal soli In stile rappresen- 
tativo, which he sang with great suc- 
cess to his own accompaniment on the 
theorbo, and subsequently settings of 
dramatic scenes written by Bardi. His 
first attempt at a full drama in mnsica 
was II combattimento d' Apollone col 
serpente, text by Bardi; the next, with 
Peri (q.v.) La Dafne (1594), text by 
Rinuccini; then followed Eurgdice 
(1600), text by Rinuccini; and 11 rapi- 
mento di Cefalo (1600), tsxt by Chia- 
brera, the first opera ever produced in 
a public theatre. He was also the 
author of Le nuove musiche, a series 
of vocal solos with figured bass (1601, 
1607 and 1615); Nove Arie (1608), and 
Fuggilotio musicale (1614). With Peri, 
Caccini has the credit for creating the 
monodic style, and virtually the opera. 
It is difficult to fix their respective mer- 
its, and a great deal is no doubt due 
to others. Ref.: I. 329H, 333ff, 366; II. 
26; canzoni, V. 47ff, 154, 159; VI. 101; 
opera, IX. 9, 10, 13; mus. ex., XIU. 54; 
facsimile title page, lllus., IX. 10. (2) 



Caffarelli 

Francesca, daughter of (1) ; famous 
singer and composer of 1- and 2-part 
cantatas and two ballets. Ref.: I. 378. 
(3) Septlmla, sister of Francesca, a 
noted singer, who aroused the ad- 
miration of Monteverdi. 

CADAUX, Justin (1813-1874) : b. 
Albi, France, d. Paris; pupil of the 
Conservatoire; composer of 6 comic 
operas. 

CADEAC, Pierre (16th cent.) : choir- 
master at Auch; church composer 
whose masses and motets were pub- 
lished In collections at Lyons, Venice 
and Paris. 

CADMAN, Cliarles Walsefield 
(1881- ): b. Johnstown, Pa.; studied 
music with Steiner, von Kunits and 
Pauer; specialist in the field of Indian 
music, transcribing from phonographic 
records that of the Omahas, lecturing 
on and arranging Indian songs. He 
composed symphonic, orchestral and 
chamber music, a cantata for male 
chorus, songs, etc. Ref.: TV. 425ff; IV. 
105. 

OADORB, Arturo: contemporary 
Italian composer who has successfully 
produced 2 comic operas in Milan in 
1898 and 1902. 

CADY, Calvin B. (1851- ): b. 
Barry, 111.; studied at Oberlin Cons, 
and Leipzig Cons.; taught at Oberlin 
Cons. 5 years; Univ. of Michigan 8 
years; Chicago 6 years; Boston 10 
years; lecturer at Columbia Univ. since 
1907; at Institute of Musical Art, New 
York, since 1908; pub. 'Music-Educa- 
tion' (3 vols., 1902-07). 

C^ECIIilA: martyred about 230 and 
sainted by the Roman Church. Legend 
connects the invention of the organ 
with her. She has become the patron 
saint of music, and her name has been 
adopted by many singing societies. The 
oldest Caecilian society was one founded 
by Palestrina in Rome; among others 
of renown is that of London, which 
produced the Handel and Haydn ora- 
torios. 

CESAR, Julius (17th cent.) : English 
doctor who wrote catches published in 
'The Pleasant Musical Companion.' 

OAFARO (or Caffiaro), Fasquale 
(1706-1797): b. San Pistre, d. Naples; 
pupil of Leo, and his successor in Na- 
ples, Cons, della Pietk d. T. ; composer 
of church music and operas, also ora- 
torios, cantatas and a Stabat Mater. 
Ref.: I. 400; H. 6. 

CAFFARBI/LI (correctly Gaetano 
Majorano) (1703-1783) : b. Bari, d. Sau- 

74 



Caffi 

to-Dorato; famous male soprano, rival 
of FarlnelU; studied with Cafaro, then 
■with Porpora; noted in Italy, London, 
Paris and Vienna as one of the most 
brilliant coloratura singers of his time. 
Ref.: II. 4; V. 44. 

CAFFI, Francesco (1780-1874) : b. 
Venice, d. Padua; councillor at Milan; 
from 1827 student of musical history 
in Venice; author of monographs on 
Zarlino, Dragonetti, etc.; wrote an un- 
finished history of the theatre and 
composed a cantata. 

OAFFIAUX, Dom FhlUippc Joseph 
(1712-1777) : b. Valenciennes, d. Paris ; 
Benedictine monk; wrote a history of 
music, printed 1756. 

CAGNIARD DE 1.A TOTIR, Charles, 
Baron de (1777-1859): b. Paris, d. 
tliere; Improved the siren and 
made It an accurate gauge of vibra- 
tions. 

CAGNOJTI, Antonio (1828-1896) : b. 
Godiasco, Boghera, d. Bergamo; studied 
in Milan; maestro di cappella at Ber- 
gamo, Vlgevano, and the Novaro Ca- 
thedral ; produced about 20 operas with 
varying success. Ref.: II. 503 (foot- 
note); IX. 156. 

CAHEN (1) Ernest (1828-1893): b. 
Paris, d. there; pupil of the Conserva- 
toire, Parisian pianist, teacher and 
writer of operettas. (2) Albert (1846- 
1903): b. Paris, d. Cap d'Ail; studied 
with Clauss-Czarvady and Franck; 
composed 7 operas produced in Rouen, 
Brussels and Paris. 

CAHIER, Mme. Charles, nie Walk- 
er: b. Tennessee; contemporary operatic 
and concert contralto; studied with de 
Reszke and appeared at the opera of 
Nice, in the Vienna Royal Opera and 
at the New York Metropolitan Opera 
House. 

CAIIiliOT, Joseph (1732-1816): b. 
Paris, d. there; baritone in the Commie 
Italienne. 

CAIMO, Joseffo (16th cent.) : Milan- 
ese composer of madrigals and can- 
zonets (pub. 1571, 1581, 1584). 

CAIN, Henri (1859- ): b. Paris; 
painter and librettist. 

CAIX D'HERVELOIS (early 18th 
cent.) : virtuoso on gamba to the Duke 
of Orleans, Paris; composed for viol 
and ilute. 

CALAH, J. (1758-1798): English or- 
ganist. 

CAIiAND, Elizabeth (1862- ) : b. 
Rotterdam; pupil of Deppes, whose 
method of Instruction she adopted in 
her teaching in Berlin and advocated 
in her several books on method. 

CAIiDARA, Antonio (1670-1736) : b. 
Venice, d. Vienna; studied with Le- 
grenzi; 'cellist at St. Mark's, Venice, 
Rome, Madrid, Vienna ; assistant Kapell- 
meister in Vienna to Fux; composed 74 
operas, 32 oratorios, masses, motets, 
cantatas, church music and instrumen- 
tal pieces. Some of his vocal canzonl, 
such ah Come raggio di sol, are still 
admired for their chaste melodic beauty 



Calve 

and expressiveness. Ref.: II. 479; V. 
160; VIII. 139; IX. 20; mus. ex., XIII. 
133 

CAIiDICOTT, Alfred James (1842- 
1897) : b. Worcester, Eng., d. Glouces- 
ter; studied at the Cons, of Leipzig and 
the Univ. of Cambridge; taught in 
and later directed the Royal College of 
Music; opera conductor in an American 
tour and in London; composer of op- 
erettas, children's songs, etc, 

CALEGARI (1) Francesco Antonio 
(early 18th cent.) : Franciscan monk 
and conductor in Venice and Padua; 
wrote musical theory. (2) Antonio 
(1757-1828): b. Padua d. there; pro- 
duced 10 operas in Padua, Venice, Tre- 
viso, Modena; wrote a book on compo- 
sition for laymen during his stay in 
Paris (about 1800-1802) ; organist and 
conductor at St. Anthony's ; composer of 
6 psalms, etc. (3) I/nlsl Antonio 
(ca. 1780-1849): b. Padua, d. Venice; 
nephew of Antonio; wrote 8 operas, 
one ballet and one cantata, produced 
in Padua, Venice, Rome, Parma and 
Vlncenza. 

CALETTI-BRUNI. See Cavalli. 

CALIGULA, Roman Emperor. Ref.: 
X. 76. 

CALKIN, J. Baptist (1827- ) : b. 
London; pianist, organist, professor in 
the Guildhall Music School, composed 
church music, etc. 

CALL, Leonhard von (1779-1815) : d. 
Vienna ; composer of part-songs and 
arrangements for flute and guitar with 
other instruments. 

CALLAERTS, Joseph (1838- ) : b. 
Antwerp; studied at the Brussels Cons., 
organist at the Cathedral of Antwerp, 
where also he taught in the Music 
School. He has written a prize sym- 
phony, a trio for pianoforte, and pro- 
duced a comic opera in 1889. Ref.: 
VI. 470. 

CALLCOTT (1) John Wall (1766- 
1821 ) : b. London, d. Bristol ; London or- 
ganist; Mus. D. Oxon., 1800; lecturer at 
Royal Institute; composer of glees and 
catches; wrote 'A Musical Granunar' 
and the prospectus for a lexicon. (2) 
William Hutchius (1807-1882) : son 
of John; b. London, d. there; composer 
of songs and anthems, which still re- 
tain popularity. (3) John George 
(1821-1895) : b. London, d. Teddington; 
organist, composer of choruses, and 
accompanist to Leslie's choral society. 
(4) W^illiam Robert Stnart, son of 
William Hutchins (1852-1886) : organ- 
ist of distinction. 

CALLINET. See DAinBLAiNE & Cal- 

LINET. 

CALLIOPE: Greek muse, the legen- 
dary mother of Orpheus and the patron 
of eloquence and heroic poetry. 

CALORI, Anglola (1732-1790) : b. Mi- 
lan, d. there; soprano. 

CALSABIGI. See Calzabigi. 

CALVCi, Emma de Roquer (1863-) : 
b. Decazeville, France; studied with 
Marches! and Pugets; operatic soprano. 



75 



Cal\in 

whose debut was made in Hirodiade 
(Brussels, 1854) ; has sung at the 
Italien and the Comique, Paris, in 
London and New York (both Metro- 
politan and Manhattan opera houses), 
where she was long the favorite 'Car- 
men.' She is the wife of Mario Gas- 
pary (1912), an OfFicier d'Academie in 
Paris. Ref.: IV. 144, 146, 151. 

CAIiVIN, the leader of the Reformed 
Church. Ref.: I. 294; VI. 95, 96. 

CAIjVISIUS, Sethus (or Seth Kall- 
Tvltz) (1556-1615) : b. Gorschleben, 
Thuringia, d. Leipzig; studied at uni- 
versities of Helmstadt and Leipzig; 
Musikdirektor at the Paulinerkirche, 
1581; Thomaskirche and Nicolaikirche, 
1594; wrote many valuable works on 
music; composed church music (pub. 
1603-21). 

CALVOCORESSI, Mlchel-D. (1877-) : 
b. Marseilles; noted music critic, 
writer and lecturer in Paris on Rus- 
sian music, Greek folk-songs, etc., 
translator of songs and librettos, writ- 
er on d'Indy, Liszt, Moussorgsky, etc.; 
professor at the ficole des hautes 
Etudes sociales; contributor to the Lon- 
don 'Musical Times.' 

CALVOR, Kaspar (1650-1725) : b. 
Hildeslieim, d. Clausthal; theorist; 
writer on church music. 

CAtrZABIGI, Ranlcro da (1715- 
1795): b. Leghorn, d. Naples; poet; 
librettist for Gluck and with him re- 
sponsible for the reformation of the 
opera and the return to the dramatic 
ideals of the Florentine camerata. Ret.: 
II. 18f, 26; IX. 42, 44, 45, 49. 

CAMARGO (1) Felix Antonio (16th 
cent.) : Spanish composer, born at 
Guadalajara; conducted at the cathe- 
dral at Valladolid and composed church 
music. (2) See Cupis. (3) Mile., 
French ballet dancer. Ref.: X. 94, 
99, 100. 

CAMARANO, librettist to Verdi. 
Ref.: 11. 490. 

CAMBERT, Robert (ca. 1628-1677) : 
b. Paris, d. London. He was a pupil 
of Chambonnieres ; organist at St. 
Honor6, Paris, and intendant of music 
to the queen-dowager Anne of Austria, 
1666. In 1659 he prod, a Pastorale 
(text by Perrin) at the Chateau d'Issy 
and, in 1661, Ariane, ou le manage de 
Bacchus. Adonis (1662) was not per- 
formed. In 1669 Perrin (q. v.) se- 
cured a patent to establish the Acad- 
imie royale de musique (still existing 
as the Grand OpSra), and together with 
Cambert produced a real opera, Pomone 
(1671). LuUy having secured the 
transfer of the patent in 1672, the 
second opera by Perrin and C, Les 
peines et les plaisirs d'amour, was 
never performed, but it was pub. with 
its predecessor in the Chefs d'ceuvre 
classlgues de I'opera franeais (Breit- 
Lopf & Hartel). C. died as Master of 
the Music to Charles II. in London. 
Ref.: I. 405ff; IX. 23. 

CAIHBINI, Giovanni Giuseppe 



Campanari 

(1746-1825): b. Leghorn, d. Paris; oper- 
atic and ballet composer in Paris, 
where he was also theatre conductor. 
He was a prolific composer of sym- 
phonies and string quartets. 

CAMBIO, Perrisone (16th cent.) : 
Italian composer whose part-song set- 
tings show evidences of the new mo- 
nodic style (chord-harmony). Ref.: V. 
153. 

CAMERANA, liulgl (1846- ) : b. 
Piedmont; theatre conductor, Savona; 
produced 6 dramatic works, includ- 
ing an operetta, 2 operas, a melodrama, 

CAMBRIiOHER (1) Plncldns von 

(ca. 1710-1776) : b. Murnau, d. Freising; 
canon at Freising, where he composed 
18 sinfonie da camera, trio sonatas, 
singspiele, an opera, oratorios, etc. (2) 
Anton ( -1743) : composer of one 
opera and of chamber music in Mu- 
nich; brother of Placidus. 

CABIETTI, Alberto (1871- ) : b. 
Rome; studied there at the Csecilian 
Academy; organist and member of the 
Gregorian Society; wrote on Palestrina, 
Ferretti, Bellini, etc.; composed for 
church and secular music. 

CAMIDGE (1) John (ca. 1735-1803) : 
studied with Greene and Handel; or- 
ganist at York Cathedral, writer of 
exercises for harpsichord. (2) Matbew 
(1758-1844): b. York, d. there; son of 
John, and successor to his position; 
composed sonatas and wrote a method. 
(3) John (1790-1859) : son of Matbew 
(2), b. York, d. there; doctor of 
music, Cambridge, 1819; organist at 
York Cathedral, from 1842-1848, when 
a paralytic attack ended his ca- 
reer. (4) Thomas Simpson: son 
of John (3), organist in York, Swin- 
don, Swansea, and successor to his 
father at the cathedral. (5) John: 
son of Thomas (4) ; organist at Bev- 
erley Minster. 

CAMMARAJTO, librettist of Trova- 
tore, etc. Ref.: II. 491; IX. 348. 

OAMPAGNOLI, Bartolomeo (1751- 
1827) : b. Cento, near Bologna, d. Neu- 
strelitz; studied with Dall' Occa, Quas- 
tarobba and Nardini; director in Dres- 
den and conductor at the Neustrelitz 
court chapel. His compositions are 
concertos for flutes, violin sonatas and 
concertos, caprices, duets, etc. 

CAMP ANA, Fabio (1819-1892) : b. 
Leghorn, d. London ; singing teacher 
and dramatic composer. 

CAMPANARI (1) Leandro (1857-) : 
b. Rogivo, Italy; studied in Milan 
Conservatory; violinist of distinction 
in Europe and America ; organized 
string quartet in Boston, professor of 
the violin in the New England Con- 
servatory and in that of Cincinnati; 
from 1897 concert director and con- 
ductor. La Scala, Milan; wrote violin 
text-books. (2) Giuseppe: brother of 
Leandro; dramatic baritone and 'cel- 
list. Played in the Boston Symphony 
Orchestra and in chamber music; sang 



76 



Campanini 

for years in Metropolitan Opera House, 
New Yor]£. Ref.: IV. 147. 

CAMPAIVINI (1) Italo (1846-1896): 
b. Parma, d. Bigatto; tenor; studied 
witli Grifllnl, later with Lamperti; sang 
in Florence, 1871; London, 1872; toured 
United States in 1873, with Nilsson, 
1879-80, and with Patti in 1894; sang 
leading roles in various Italian operas. 
(2) Cleofonte (1860- ): b. Parma; 
studied at the Cons, there, 8 years; con- 
ducted Carmen in Parma, 1883; later 
at the Metropolitan Opera House, then 
in Milan and Naples; became conductor 
of Manhattan Opera House, New York, 
in 1906, and director of the Chicago 
Opera Company in 1910, which posi- 
tion he holds at present. 

CAMPARDOIV, £:inlle (1834- ) : b. 

Paris; archseologist and historian; 
writer of 3 books on musical history 
(Les spectacles des f aires, 1877, etc.). 

CAMPBELL,, Alexander (1764- 
1824) ; b. Tombea, Loch Lubnaig, d. 
Edinburgh; teacher of Sir Walter Scott; 
collector of Scotch folk-songs, com- 
poser of popular ballads, author of 
'Conversation on Scotch Songs.' Ref.: 
VI. 211. 

CAMPBELIi-TIPTON, Louis 
(1877- ): b. Chicago; studied music 
in Boston and Chicago, also in Leipzig, 
3 years; taught at the Chicago Musical 
College, 1900-05; privately in Paris 
since then; composed many piano 
pieces, a suite for piano and violin, 
songs, etc. Ref.: TV. 422fr; port., IV. 408. 

CADIPELLA, Martianus MlnucluN 
Felix (5th cent.) : Carthaginian theorist. 

CAMPENHOLTT, Francois van 
(1779-1848): b. Brussels, d. there; vio- 
linist and operatic tenor in Belgium, 
Holland and France; composed 17 
operas, church music, symphonies, etc.; 
noted for his composition of the na- 
tional Belgian song, Brabanfonne. 

CAMPIOLI, A. Gnalandl, or Cam- 
plole (early 18th cent.) : b. Germany. 
His parentage was Italian and he stud- 
ied in Italy, returning to Berlin in 1708 
as a male contralto. He sang in Ham- 
burg, Dresden, London, etc. 

CAMPION, Thomas (17th cent.) ; 
English writer of madrigals; published 
5 books of airs and (1618) 'A New 
Way of Making Foure Parts to Counter- 
point.' Ref.: I. 385; VI. 141. 

CAMPIONI, Carlo Antonio (ca. 
1720-1793): b. Leghorn, d. Florence; 
maestro di cappella to the Tuscan court; 
composed for the church, also instru- 
mental works, printed in London and 
Amsterdam. 

CAMPORESE, VIoIante (1785- 
1839) : b. Rome, d. there ; concert so- 
prano in Paris at the private concerts 
of Napoleon; in opera at La Scala, Mi- 
lan, and at the King's Theatre, London. 

CAMPOS, Joao RIbeIro de Almeida 
de (ca. 1770- ): b. Vizen, Portugal; 
conductor and professor of church 
singing in Lamego; wrote two elemen- 
tary text-books. 



Cannabicb 

CAMPRA (1) Andre (1660-1744): b. 
Aix (Provence), d. Versailles; was a 
pupil of Guillaunie Poitevin; maitre de 
mastque at Toulon cathedral at 20; 
mattre de chapelle at Aries, 1681; at 
Toulouse Cathedral, 1683-94, at the 
Jesuit collegiate church and Notre 
Dame, Paris. After successfully pro- 
ducing 2 operas, he became conductor 
of the royal orchestra. He then prod, 
successively L'Europe galante (1697), 
Le Carnaval de Venise (1699), Hesione 
(1700), Arethuse, ou la vengeance de 
I'amour (1701), Taneride (1702), Les 
Muses (1703), Iphigenie en Tauride 
(1704), Tilemaque (1704), Alcine 
(1705), Le Triomphe de I'amonr 
(1705), Hippodamie (1708), Les Fites 
venitiennes (1710), Idominie (1712), 
Les Amours de Mars et Venus (1712), 
Telephe (1713), Camille (1717), Les 
Ages, ballet-opera (1718), Achille et 
Diidamie (1712), operas bridging the 
gap between Lully and Rameau. He 
also wrote 3 books of cantatas, 5 books 
of motets, divertissements for the 
court at Versailles, etc. Ref.: VIII. 84; 
IX. 26. (2) Joseph: brother of Andre, 
player of the double bass at the Op^ra ; 
permitted the use of his name on his 
brother's first opera and ballet. 

CAMPS y SOLER, Oscar (1837-) : 
b. Alexandria, Egypt; of Spanish 
parentage; studied in Florence with 
Dohler and in Naples with Mercan- 
dante; concert pianist; settled in 
Madrid, where he has written songs, 
piano pieces, and a cantata ; wrote also 
text-books and philosophical studies. 

CAMTJSSI, Ezio (b. 1883) : contemp. 
Italian opera composer. Ref.: HI. 383. 

CANAL, Abbate Pletro (1807-1883): 
b. Crespano, Venesia, d. there; profes- 
sor of classical languages at Padua; 
writer of musical biography and his- 
tory. 

CANALE (or Canall), Plorlano 
(16th cent.) : organist and composer 
of church music at Brescia. 

CANAVASSO (1) Alessandro; com- 
poser of 'cello sonatas, lived in Paris, 
1735-53. Ref.: VH. 591. (2) Joseph^ 
brother of Alessandro, composer of so- 
natas for violin, viola, and 'cello, with 
bass. 

CANDEILLE (1) Pierre- Joseph 
(1744-1827): b. Espaires, d. Chantilly; 
dramatic composer, few of whose com- 
positions were produced. (2) (Slmons- 
C.) Ameile-Julie (1767-1834) : b. Paris, 
d. there; daughter of (1); soprano, 
whose d^but in 1782 was made in 
Gluck's Iphiginie en Anlide; actress, 
teacher and operatic composer in 
Paris. She wrote operas, trios, sonatas 
and fantasies for the piano, songs, 
etc. 

CANGB, Charles Duf resne, Sleur dn 
(1610-1688): b. Amiens, d. Paris; law- 
yer and lexicographer. 

CANIVABICH (1) Christian (1731- 
1798) : b. Mannheim, d. Frankfort; com- 
poser and conductor, studied under 



77 



Cannlciari 

Stamitz, -whom he succeeded in 1757 
as concert-master and director of cham- 
ber music at the court of Karl Theodor 
in Mannheim. In 1778 he followed the 
court to Munich. Both here and in 
Mannheim Mozart was an intimate 
friend of his family. His compositions, 
including operas, ballets, about 100 
symphonies, violin concertos, orchestral 
trios, quartets, and quintets, developed 
the style of Stamitz, broadening the 
form, and enlarging orchestral re- 
sources (obbligato clarinets, also in low 
register, etc.). He lacked, however, 
the originality of his genial master. A 
symphony (B maj.) and an overture 
(C maj.) have been repub. in Riemann 
in the Denkmdler der Tonkunst in 
Bauern. Ref.: II. 67; VII. 413, 418, 420; 
Vlfl. 146, 147, 158. (2) Carl (1764- 
1806) : b. Mannheim, d. Munich; son 
of (1) ; violinist, who succeeded his 
father as Kapellmeister at the court in 
Munich. He was a fine conductor, but 
as composer had only a mediocre tal- 
ent. Ref.: VIII. 93. 

CANNICIARI, Don Fompeo (1670- 
1744) : b. Rome, d. there; conductor 
and composer of the Roman school ; 
collector of a large musical library, 
now lost. 

CANOBBIO, Carlo (late 18th cent.) : 
violinist in St. Petersburg, where he 
produced 2 ballets and composed 2 
symphonies, 6 guitar and violin sona- 
tas, arias, etc., as well as three other 
ballets for the Venetian stage. 

CANTOR, Otto (1857- ) : b. Kreuz- 
nach, Rhenish Prussia; London song 
writer. 

CANTU, Agostino (1878- ) : Ital- 
ian opera composer. Ref.: III. 383. 

CAPEIi-CURE, [Rev.] E.: author of 
text of Elgar's 'The Light of Life.' 
Ref.: VL 361. 

CAPELIiA, Martlanus Mlnnens Fe- 
lix (5th cent.) : Carthaginian poet and 
scholar; wrote Satyricon, book 9 of 
which deals with musical theory. 

CAPELLI. Pseudonym for Apell. 

CAPOCCI (1) Gaetano (1811-1898) : 
b. Rome, d. there; maestro di eappella 
of the Lateran; produced 2 oratorios in 
Rome (1833, '42). (2) Flllppo (1840-) : 
b. Rome; organist at the Lateran; com- 
posed for organ and one oratorio. Ref.: 
lU. 397; VI. 491. 

CAPORALE, Andrea (d. London, 
1756): 'cellist. 

CAPOTJli, Josepli AmedSe Victor 
(1839- ): b. Toulouse; studied at 
the Conservatoire; tenor in the Opera- 
Comique, in New York and London; 
professor of operatic singing in New 
York National Conservatory; assistant 
director of the Opera and director of 
the Opera-Comique. 

CAPPA, Goffredo (ca. 1647-1717) : d. 
Saluzzo ; eminent violin maker, pupil 
of Amati; founder of a school for vio- 
lin making in Saluzzo. 

CAPRA, Mareello (1862- ) : b. 
Turin; abandoned the army for music. 



78 



Carlo 

which he studied with Haberl, Haller 
and Renner; founded a miusic pub- 
lishing firm in Turin; edits Santa 
Cecilia. 

CAPRI, Jnlins (1837- ) : b. Mar- 
seilles; studied at the Conservatory 
there; taught in St. Petersburg, wrote 
salon music, songs, one opera, pro- 
duced in St. Petersburg, 1897. 

CAPRON, Henri (18th cent.) : pio- 
neer musician in America. Ref. : IV. 66, 
72. 

CAFVZZI, Giuseppe Antonio (1753- 
1818): b. Brescia, d. Bergamo; studied 
with Tartini and Bertoni ; violinist 
in Venice, London and concert leader 
at Bergamo; produced operas and bal- 
lets in Venice and Milan; wrote quar- 
tets and quintets for string instru- 
ments. 

CARACCIO (or Caravaccio), Gio- 
vanni (ca. 1556-1626) : b. Bergamo, d. 
Rome; conductor at Bergamo and 
Rome; composed madrigals, canzoni, 
psalms, magnificats, etc. 

CARACCIOLI, Lnlgl (1849-1887) : b. 
Adria, Bari, d. London; dramatic com- 
poser. 

CARADORI-ALIiAN, Maria C. N. 
(nie de Mnncl::), (1800-1865) : b. Milan, 
d. London; soprano. Ref.: IV. 124. 

CARAFA DE COLOBRANO, Mi- 
eliele Enrico (1787-1872) : b. Naples, d. 
Paris; an officer in the Napoleonic 
army; after the defeat at Waterloo, he 
abandoned the army for music; com- 
posed nearly thirty operas, successfully 
produced in Italy, Vienna and Paris; 
taught at the Conservatoire; composed 
ballets, cantatas and church music. 

caramueij de lobkowitz, 

Juan (1606-1682) : b. Madrid, d. Vige- 
vano, Italy; Bishop of Vigevano; writer 
on Gregorian music and opponent of 
the use of solmisation. 

CARDON, Louis (1747-1805) : b. 
Paris, d. Russia; harpist, composer of 
sonatas for harp with violin, 2 harps, 
2 concertante symphonies, for 2 harps 
and string orchestra, etc. 

CARDOSO, Manuel (1569-1650) : b. 
Fronteira, d. Lisbon [?] ; sub-prior, 
chapel-master and composer of church 
music. 

CARBSANA, Cristoforo (1655- ) : 
b. Tarentum; Neapolitan organist and 
composer of motets, hymns and duetti 
da camera. 

CABESTINI (Cnsanino), Giovanni 
(ca. 1705-1760) : b. Monte Filatrano, 
near Ancona, d. there; male soprano; 
sang Rome, Prague, Mantua, London, 
Venice, Berlin and St. Petersburg. 

CAREY, Henry (ca. 1690-1743) : d. 
London; natural son of the Marquis of 
Halifax; composer of popular English 
ballads (100 of which he issued under 
the title of 'The Musical Century'), 
operettas, ballad-operas, etc. Chrysan- 
der has proven him to be the composer 
of the tune of 'God Save the King.' 
Ref.: IV. 324; V. 171. 

CARIO, Johann Helnrlch (1736- 



Carissiml 

after 1800) : b. Eckernforde, Holstein, 
d. there; trumpeter. 

CARISSIIUI, Giacomo (1604-1674) : 
b. Marino, Papal States; d. Rome; com- 
poser; organist at the Cathedral of 
Tivoli and maestro di cappella at the 
ApoUinaris church in Rome. He had 
great influence in the development of 
monody, especially in pei-fecting the 
recitative, and enriching instrumental 
accompaniment; his pupils included 
Scarlatti, Cesti, J. R. Kerll, Christian 
Bernard, Krieger and M. A. Charpeutier. 
He composed many oratorios, cantatas, 
and other sacred works of which many 
have been lost. The 15 oratorios that 
have been preserved (in the Paris 
Blblioth^que, Cons. Library, British 
Museum, Christ Church, Oxford, Berlin 
Royal Library) are as follows: 'Abra- 
ham and Isaac,' 'Balthasar,' Diluvium 
universale, Extremam. Dei judicium, 
Ezechia, Felicitas beatorum., Historia 
divitis, 'Jeptha,* 'Hiob,' *Jonas,' Judi- 
cium Salomonis, Lamerntatio damna- 
torum, Lucifer, Martgres, Vis trugi et 
pater familias. Of the printed works 
(masses in 5 and 9 voices, etc., 1665, 
Arion Romanus, 1-5 voices, 1670, Sacri 
concern in 2-5 voices, 1675) only a 
few copies remain, and single motets 
are to be found in collections issued 
between 1646 and 1693. An ars can- 
tandi is preserved only in German 
translations. B. was the first to dif- 
ferentiate the oratorio from the opera 
and perfect the form of the cantata. 
Through his pupils he exerted an in- 
fluence upon the development of opera, 
which though good in a purely musical 
sense, resulted in the degeneration of 
the opera as a music drama. Ref, : I. 
386f; V. 160; VL 230, 247; IX. 16, 18; 
mus. ex., XIII. 117. 

CARL, William Crane (1865- ) : 
b. Bloomfleld, N. J.; studied with 
Warren, Schiller and Guilmaut; or- 
ganist and conductor in New York, 
where he is also director of the Guil- 
mant Organ School; tours as concert- 
organist. 

CARLYLB, Thomas, English writer. 
Ref.: II. 213; VI. 466; IX. 73. 

CARMEN, Joliannes (early 15th 
cep.) : one of the 'three distinguished 
Parisian' masters mentioned in Martin 
Le Franc's Champion des Dames (c. 
1440), the other two being Tapissier 
and Cesaris. Of his writings only 
one extended setting, Pontiflci decori 
speculi (reprinted in Stalner's 'Dufay 
and His Contemporaries') is preserved. 

CARMEIVCITA: Spanish dancer. 
Ref.: X. 210. 

CARMICHAEJL, Mary Grant: b. 
Birkenhead, Eng. ; studied with Berin- 
ger, Bache, Hartvigson and Prout; com- 
posed an operetta, 'The Snow Queen,' 
songs, a suite for pianoforte, etc.; and 
translated Ehrlich's 'Celebrated Pian- 
ists of the Past and Present' (1894). 

CARNABY, William (1772-1839) : b. 
London, d. there; organ composer. 



Carreno 

CARNALL, Artlinr (1852-1904) : b. 
Peteibborough, d. Penge; organist at 
the latter place; composed an overture, 
quintets, etc. 

CARNEGIE, Andrew, contemp. 
American capitalist; built Carnegie 
Concert Hall, New York; Pres. N. Y. 
Oratorio Society, etc. Ref.: IV. 211. 

CARNICER y BATLLE, Ramon 
(1789-1855): b. Tarega, Catalonia, d. 
Madrid; studied in Urgel and Barce- 
lona; conductor of Italian opera at 
Barcelona and Royal opera In Madrid; 
professor of composition at Madrid 
Conservatory; composed 9 operas, sym- 
phonies, church music, etc. 

CARD (1) Marco (15th-16th cent): 
composer of frottole at the court of Man- 
tua. (2) Paul (1859- ): b. Breslau; 
studied there and at the Vienna Con- 
servatory ; composed 5 symphonies, sin- 
fonietta, overtures, 2 operas, 2 cantatas, 
2 serenades for string orchestra, sym- 
phonic poems, etc. 

CARON, Plilllppe (15th cent.) : con- 
trapuntist in the style of his masters, 
Binchois and Dufay; composed masses 
and chansons, only a few of which 
still exist. 

CARPANI, Giuseppe Antonio (1752- 
1825): b. Villalbese, Como, d. Vienna; 
poet at the Viennese court; author of 
hooks on Haydn and Rossini; opera- 
librettist. 

CARPENTER, John Alden (1876-) ! 
h. Illinois; studied at Harvard Univ., 
with Bernard Ziehn and Edward El- 
gar; engaged in business in Chicago. 
He composed notable songs (some with 
orchestra), a violin sonata, 'Adven- 
tures in a Perambulator' (suite for or- 
chestra), a symphony, etc. Ref.: IV. 
427f; portrait, IV. 408. 

CARPENTRAS (11 Carpentrasso). 
See Genet, Eukazer. 

CARR (1) Benjamin (18th cent.): 
composer of the first American opera, 
'The Archers' (1796). Ref.: IV. 112. 
(2) Frank Osmond (1858- ) : b. York- 
shire; Mus. Doc. and composer of dra- 
matic music, including farces, bur- 
lesques and comic operas. 

CARRfi, Albert (1852- ): b. 
Strassburg; nephew of Michel C, 
the librettist; studied in the Lycfe 
there; dir. theatre at Nancy, 1884; 
Cercle at Aix-les-Bains, 1885-90; suc- 
ceeded Carvalho as dir. of the Op^ra- 
Comique, which position he held from 
1898 to 1912; composed for the stage. 
Ref.: II. 205; IX. 180, 238, 240, 
246. 

CARRENO, Teresa (1853- ) ; b. 
Caracas, Venezuela; studied with Gott- 
schalk and JViathias; toured tlie United 
States, 1875; Germany, 1889-90; became 
court pianist to king of Saxony, 1893; 
has played in all the principal cities 
of Europe and America; composed a 
string quartet in B, brilliant piano 

gieces, and the Venezuelan national 
ymn. She was married successively 
to E. Sauret (q.v.), Giov. Tagliapietra 



79 



Carreras 

(baritone), E. d'Albert (q.v.) and Ar- 
turo Tagliapietra. 

CARRERAS, Rafael: pub. El Ora- 
torio Musical (1906). Ref.: VI. 232. 

OARRODUS, John Tiplady (1836- 
1895): b. Braithwaite, d. London; vir- 
tuoso on violin which he studied in 
Stuttgart and London; concert violinist 
and conductor; teacher at the London 
National Training School; composer 
of violin solos, etc. 

CARROLIj, Marcus H., contemp. 
Anglo-American clergyman and com- 
poser of songs, part songs, orch. pieces, 
etc. Ref.: IV. 354. 

OARSE, A. von Ahn (1878- ) ; b. 
Newcastle-on-Tyne; writer of 2 sym- 
phonies (C and D), 1 concert overture; 
Prelude to 'Manfred,' 'The Death of 
Tintagiles,' and a cantata, 'The Lay of 
the Brown Rosary' (1902). Ref.: in.443. 

CARTER, Thomas (ca. 1735-1804) : 
d. London; studied in Italy; organist, 
theatre conductor and dramatic com- 
poser; wrote incidental music, a con- 
certo for bassoon and piano; sonatas 
for the piano, songs, etc. 

CARTESIUS. See Descabtes. 

CARTIER, Jean-Bapliste (1765- 
1841) : b. Avignon, d. Paris ; studied 
with Viotti; accompanist to Marie An- 
toinette, violinist at Opera, and in the 
royal chapel, 1804. He wrote variations 
and other violin music, also 2 operas. 
Ref.: VII. 407, 412, 428. 

CARULLI (1) Ferdlnando (1770- 
1841): b. Naples, d. Paris; guitar- 
player whose method is the founda- 
tion of modern guitar-playing; com- 
posed many works for his instrument; 
wrote a guitar method and a treatise 
on harmony (Paris, 1825). (2) Gus- 
tavo (1800-1877) : son of (1) ; b. Leg- 
horn, d. Boulogne; vocal composer 
and teacher; wrote an opera, songs and 
vocal exercises. 

CARUSO (1) Lnigl (1754-1822): 
b. Naples, d. Perugia; maestro di cap- 
pella at Perugia Cathedral; composed 
69 operas, 5 oratorios and church mu- 
sic. (2) Enrico (1873- ) : celebrated 
operatic tenor; b. Naples, studied under 
Guglielmo Vergine; debut in L'Amico 
Francesco at Theatre Nuovo, Naples, 
1894; has sung in Milan, St. Peters- 
burg, Moscow, Warsaw, Rome, Berlin, 
Paris, London, New York, etc. ; Italian 
and French repertoire. He created prin- 
cipal tenor role in 'The Girl of the 
Golden West' (Puccini). Ref.: III. 374; 
IV. 149, 155; IX. 485. 

OARVAIiHO (Carvaillc), liSon 
(1825-1897) : b. in a French colony, d. 
Paris; noted Impresario; managed va- 
rious operas in Paris from 1872 to 
1887; Opira-Comique from 1876; mar- 
ried Mile. Miolan, famous soprano, 1853. 

CARVAL,HO-MIOL,A]V, Carollne- 
Marle-Fellx (1837-1895) : b. Mar- 
seilles, d. near Dieppe; studied at the 
Conservatoire; debut at the Op^ra- 
Comique, 1849; sang leading roles in 
many of the principal operas. 



80 



Castan 

CARY, Annie Lonise (1842- ) : b. 
Wayne, Kentucky; studied in Boston 
and Milan; concert and operatic con- 
tralto at Copenhagen, Hamburg, Stock- 
holm, Brussels, London, New York, 
St. Petersburg and the United States. 

CASALI, Giovanni Battlsta (ca. 
1715-1792): b. Rome, d. there; con- 
ductor at the Lateran; composed in 
the style of the Roman School; wrote 
4 opel-as and 3 oratorios. 

CASALS, Pablo (1876- ) : b. Veu- 
drell, Spain ; brilliant 'cellist and com- 
poser. He studied with Garcia, Rose- 
reda and Breton; in 1897 he accepted 
a professorship at the Conservatory of 
Barcelona ; toured extensively in 
Europe and XJ. S., where he appeared 
frequently in conjunction with Harold 
Bauer, the pianist. His works include 
'cello and violin pieces with piano, 
orchestral works and La Yision de 
Frag Martin. He married Susan Met- 
calfe, English singer. Ref.: portrait, 
VII. 596. 

CASAMORATA, Lnigi Fernando 
(1807-1881): b. Wiirzhurg, d. Florence; 
studied law and music; composed un- 
successful ballet and opera, IJien wrote 
church-music. He founded the Royal 
Istituto musicale fiorentino and pub- 
lished a history of its origin. Besides 
critical and historical essays, he wrote 
compositions for voice and instruments 
and published a manual on harmony. 

CASATI, Gasparo (d. 1643) ; Novara ; 
chapel master of the cathedral there, 
and composer of church music. 

CASEIiLA (1) Pietro (13th cent.) : 
earliest composer of madrigals; friend 
of Dante. (2) Alfredo (1883- ) : b. 
Turin; studied at the Paris Conserva- 
toire; professor there, 1912-15; pro- 
fessor at the Liceo musicale di S. 
Cecilia since 1915; composed a large 
amount of chamber music, orchestral 
works, piano pieces and songs. Ref.: 
III. xxi. 

CASERTA, Philippe de (15th cent.) : 
Neapolitan theorist; wrote on meas- 
ured music; one treatise published in 
Coussemaker's Scriptores. 

CASINI, Giovanni Maria (1670-after 
1714) : b. Florence, where he was ca- 
thedral organist from 1703. He pub. 
Canzonetti Spirituali, motets, organ 
pieces, etc. He advocated the re-intro- 
duction of the old modes and con- 
structed a clavier with 31 notes to the 
octave. 

CASSELL, Guillaume (1794-1836) : 
b. Lyons, d. Brussels; singer and 
teacher. 

CASSIODORTJS, Magnus Aurelius 
(5th cent.) : theoretician at Sylla- 
ceum, Lucania; his Institutiones Mu- 
sicale was printed in the Scriptores of 
Gerbert. Ref.: (cited) I. 135, 148. 

CASTAN, Armand de (1834-1897) : b. 
Toulouse, d. New York; operatic bari- 
tone; sang at the Opera, London 
Italian opera, and in New York. His 
repertoire, which was extensive, in- 



CasteUl 

eluded bass and baritone roles, among 
them Mephistopheles. 

CASTBH.I, Iguaz Pmnz (1781- 
1862): b. Vienna, d. there; poet at the 
court, editor of a musical journal which 
he founded; composer, librettist of 
Weigl's Schweizerfamilie and other 
operas. 

CASTELMARY. Pseudonym of 
Castan, Abmand de. 

CASTIL-BIiAZE: tBlaze], Francois 
Henry Joseph (1784-1857) : b. Cavail- 
lon (Vancluse), d. Paris; pupil of his 
father, H. Sebastien Blaze (1763- 
1833), a notary but also active as com- 
poser and poet. C.-B. studied law in 
Paris and attended the Conservatoire; 
in 1820 be left the law and settled in 
Paris as musical litterateur and critic 
of the Revue de Paris, Journal des 
Dibats, etc., for which he wrote his- 
torical articles (in part pub. separate- 
ly). He also wrote L'Opira en France 
(1820, 1826) ; Dictionnaire de musique 
moderns (1821, 1825; repub. with ad- 
ditions by Mies, 1828) ; Chapelle-mu- 
sique des rois de France (1832) ; Physi- 
ologie du masicien (1844) ; MolUre 
musicien (1852, 2 vols.) ; Thidtres 
lyrtques de Paris (1847-56, 3 vols.) ; 
Sur I'opira franeais (1856) ; L'art des 
vers Igriques (1858). He translated 
German and Italian opera texts (Don 
Giovanni, Figaro, FreischiUz, Barbiere, 
Euryanthe, etc.) into French. His son 
is Henry Blaze de Bury (q. v.). Ref.: 
(quoted) X. 80f, 93, 100, 131. 

CASTILL.01V, Alexis de (Vicomte de 
Saint- Victor) (1838-1873) : b. Chartres, 
d. Paris; was pupil of Massi, then 
Cisar Franck. Together with Duparc 
and Saint-Saens, C. was a founder of 
the Sociiti nationale de musique, but 
an early death put an end to his cre- 
ative activity. His works are among 
the first serious orchestra and chamber 
music written by Frenchmen. They 
include Symphonic Sketches, two 
'Suites,' an overture, a piano con- 
certo and other piano pieces, much 
music for strings alone and with piano, 
and songs. Ref.: III. xvlii, 212f. 

OASTBXTCCI, Pletro (1689-1752) : b. 
Rome, d. Dublin; violinist, pupil of 
Corelli; leader of Handel's opera or- 
chestra in London, 1715. C. was the 
inventor of the violetta marina, re- 
sembling the viol d'amore in tone. 
Handel in Orlando wrote an aria, ac- 
companied by two violette marine 
(played by C. and his brother Prospero). 
C. wrote violin concertos, and 2 books 
of violin-sonatas. Ref.: VIII. 87. (2) 
Prospero (d. London, 1760) : violinist in 
the Italian Opera, wrote 6 soli for violin 

CATAIiANI (1) Angelica (1779-1849) : 
b. Slnigaglia, d. Paris; celebrated oper- 
atic soprano whose voice ranged up to 
g"', was very flexible and capable of 
brilliant bravura singing. She made 
her dibut at Venice, 1795, then sang at 
La Pergola, Florence, La Scala, Milan, 



CavaU16-CoU 

1801, and Lisbon, where she married 
an attach^ of the French embassy. 
In Paris she sang only in concert. 
Her London dibut was made at the 
King's Theatre, 1806, and she Is said 
to have earned there £16,700 in one 
year. She returned to Paris after 7 
years to manage the Theatre Italien, 
from which she retired, 1817, and 
toured Europe 10 years, living in Flor- 
ence after 1828. Ref.: H. 185. (2) Al- 
fredo (1854-1898): b. Lucca, d. Milan; 
studied with his father and F. Magi; 
later at the Paris Cons, and at Milan 
Cons.; wrote operas, orchestral and 
piano pieces, chamber music, etc. 

CATBL, Charles-Simon (1773-1830) : 
b. L'Aigle, Orne; d. Paris; studied at 
the Paris ficole Royale du Chant (later 
the Conservatoire), where he "was ac- 
companist and professor; professor of 
harmony at the Conservatoire, 1795; 
wrote a Traiti d'harmonie (pub. 1802, 
used at Conservatoire 20 years) ; mem- 
ber of Academy, 1815; wrote operas, 
cantatas, chamber music, etc. 

CATBLANI, Angelo (1811-1866) : b. 
Guastalla, d. S. Martino di Mugnano; 
studied at Naples Cons.; later with 
Donizetti and Crescentinl; conductor 
of Messina opera, maestro di cappella 
at the cathedral and court at Modena; 
wrote 3 operas, also a musical history. 

CATENHAXJSEN, Brnst (1841-) : 
b. Ratzeburg; conductor and composer. 

CATHERIIVE, Empress of Russia. 
Ref.: IL 15, 16, 40; III. 41; X. 141. 

CATOIRB, Georg Livovltch (1861-) : 
b. Moscow; was a pupil of Klindworth 
and Willborg in that city; afterward 
of Rufer in Berlin and Liadoff in St. 
Petersburg. C. lives in Moscow and 
has thus far published a symphony 
(C min.. Op. 7) ; a symphonic poem, 
Mzyri (after Lermontoflf) ; a cantata, 
Russalka; a tWo, violin sonatas, a 
string quartet, a piano concerto, piano 
pieces, songs and choruses. Ref.: III. 
154; VL 396. 

CATRTIFO, Ginseppe (1771-1851) : h. 
Naples, d. London; composer of operas. 

CATIRROY, Francois-Eustaehe dn 
(1549-1609): b. Gerbcroy, d. Paris; 
singer, conductor and superintendent 
of music at Paris court; composed 
church-music. 

CAVACCIO, Giovanni (ca. 1556- 
1626): b. Bergamo, d. Rome; maestro 
di cappella at Bergamo, composer of 
church music, madrigals, canzonets, 

CAVAIIil.fi-COI.t, Arlstide (1811- 
1899) : b. Montpelller, d. Paris ; famous 
organ-builder, which profession his 
father, Dom Hvacinthe C.-C. (1771- 
1862), also followed. C.-C. built the 
organ at St. Denis, 1833; also those of 
St. Sulpice, Madeleine, and other Paris 
churches, as well as in Belgium, Hol- 
land and various parts of France. The 
system of separate wind-chests with 
different pressures for the low, medium, 
and high tones, also the fltites octavi- 



81 



Cavalieri 

antes are his Inventions. He pub. 
ttudes experimentales snr les tnyaux 
d'orgue (1849) ; De I'orgue et de son 
architecture (1856), and Projet d'orgue 
monumental pour la Basilique de Saint 
Pierre de Rome (1875). Ref.: VI. 407, 
411. 

CAVAMERI (1) Kmilio de' (ca. 
1550-1599) : d. Florence, as Inspector- 
General of Art and Artists to the Tuscan 
court. He "was one of the originators 
of the stile rappresentativo (accom- 
panied monody) and his oratorio, Rap- 
presentazione di anima e di corpo 
(Rome, 1600), is the first application 
of that style to sacred music. He also 
wrote 11 Satiro (1590), Dtsperazione di 
Filene (1590), and Giuoco delta cieca 
(1595), "which are among the very 
first operatic attempts. Ref.: I. 328f, 
334ff, 385; VI. 100, 101 (footnote), 244f, 
227; VIII. 82; IX. 8, 16, 21f; mus. ex., 
Xm. 55. (2) Lina (1874- ): b. 
Rome; operatic soprano; debut at 
Royal Theatre, Lisbon, as Nedda in 
7 Pagliacci; has sung in Naples, War- 
saw, London, Ne"w "York, etc. 

CAVAIiIil, Francesco (real name 
Caletti-Brunl) (1602-1676) : b. Cre- 
ma, d. Venice; son of a maestro at 
Crema named Caletti and sumamed 
Bruni, and protege of a Venetian noble- 
man, Federigo Cavalli, whose name he 
adopted. He was engaged as singer 
at S. Marco in 1617 and 1628, and 
second organist in 1640, and first or- 
ganist in 1665, becoming maestro in 
1668. His Giasone (Venice, 1649) went 
the rounds of Italy; Serse (Venice, 
1654) was chosen for the marriage 
festivities of Louis XIV (1660), and 
with Ercole amante the hall of the 
Tuileries was inaugurated. C. also 
composed a fine Requiem and other 
church music. He studied with Monte- 
verdi and wrote 41 operas, which de- 
veloped his master's style in the di- 
rection of melodic freedom and con- 
sequent decline of dramatic significance. 
Ref.: I. 346, 380ff, 407; II. 181; V. 
159f; VH. 6; IX. 14, 15, 23, 29, 67; 
mus. ex., XIII. 61. 

CAVAIililNI, Ernesto (1807-1873) : 
b. Milan, d. there; performer on clari- 
net and composer for that instru- 
ment. 

CAVAIiliO, Peter (1819-1892) : b. 
Munich, d. Paris; organist iu various 
Paris churches. 

CAVENDISH, Michael (late 16th 
cent.) : English composer. 

CAVOS, Catterino (1776-1840) : b. 
Venice, d. St. Petersburg; studied with 
Bianchi; maestro di cappella. Imperial 
Theatre, St. Petersburg, and conductor 
of Russian opera there, composed Rus- 
sian, Italian and French operas, can- 
ta"tas, ballets, choruses, etc. See Ad- 
denda. Ref.: HI. 41; IX. 380, 382. 

CAYLtlS, Anne Claude Philippe de 
Tnbieres, Comte de (1692-1765): b. 
Paris, d. there ; writer on ancient mu- 
sic (Paris, 1752). 



Cesi 

CECIIilA. See CiECiLiA. 

CEL.EGA. Nlcolo (1844-1906) : b. 
Polesella, d. Milan; studied at Milan 
Cons.; composed operas, symphonic 
poems, instrumental pieces, transcrip- 
tions, etc. 

CBIiESTIlVE I, Pope. Ref.: I. 143. 

CEIiESTINO, Eliglo (1739-1812) : b. 
Rome, d. Ludwigslust; conductor at 
the court there; teacher in London and 
composer of sonatas for violin and 
bass, duos for 'cello and violin. 

CELI/ER, Ludovie (pseud, for Louis 
Leclerq) (1828- ) : b. Paris ; pub. La 
semaine sainte au Vatican (1876), Les 
origines de I'opira et le 'Ballet de la 
Reine' (1868), Moliire-Lullg : Le mariage 
force [Le Ballet du roi] (1867), Les 
decors, les costumes et la mise en 
scene au XVlll" siicle (1869). 

CELIiES, Dom Jean Francois Be- 
dos dc (1706[?]-1779[?]) : b. Caux, d. St. 
Maur; Benedictine monk; author of 
L'Art du facteur des argues (Paris, 1766- 
1778), and an account of the new organ 
at St. Martin de Tours in Mercure de 
France (Jan. 1762). Ref.: VI. 445. 

CEIililER, Alfred (1844-1891) : b. 
Hackney, London, d. there; studied 
with T. Helmore; conductor in Belfast, 
Manchester, London; composer of a 
mass, 14 operettas, an opera, 'Pan- 
dora,* a symphonic suite, popular 
songs, etc. 

CEREZO, Sebastian: Spanish danc- 
er. Ref.: X. 109. 

CERNOHORSKY. See Czernohor- 

SKY. 

CBROIVE, Domenleo Pictro (b. Ber- 
gamo, 1566) : singer at the courts of 
Spain and Naples ; pub. El melopeo, etc. 
(1613), and Regole necessarie, etc. 
(1609). Ref.: VIH. 69f. 

CERRBTO, Selpione (1551-ca. 1632) : 
b. Naples, d. there; pub. treatises on 
musical theory (2 pub., 1 MS.) at Na- 
ples; lutenist and composer. 

CERRITO, Fanny, ballerina. See 
Saint-Leon. Ref.: X. 158f. 

CERTON, Pierre (ca. 16th cent.) : 
choir master in Paris; contrapuntist 
and composer of masses, magnificats, 
chansons, motets, etc., included in col- 
lections by Ballard, Attaignant, and 
Phalese; pupil of Joaquin. 

CERtr, Domenleo Agostinl (b. 
Lucca, 1817) : musical amateur whose 
profession was engineering; pub. biog- 
raphy of Boccherini and a History of 
Music in Lucca. 

CERVANTES: the author of Don 
Quixote. Ref.: VIH. 400; X. 145. 

CERVEN-t. See Czerveny. 

CBRVETTI. See Gelinek. 

CESI, Beniamino (1845-1907) : b. 
Naples, d. there; studied at Naples 
Cons, and privately ; taught at the 
Naples Cons, and at the St. Petersburg 
Cons.; editor of L'Archivio Musicale; 
concertized in Italy, also Paris, Cairo, 
Alexandria, etc.; composed 60 piano 
pieces, songs, opera and a piano 
method. 



82 



Cestl 

CBSTI, Sfarc' Antonio (1620-1669) : 
b. Arezzo, d. Venice; was a pupil of 
Carisslml at Rome; maestro di cappella 
to Ferdinand II de' Medici, Florence, 
1646: tenor in the papal choir, 1660; 
■Vice-Kapellmeister at the "Vienna court, 
1666-69, His operas Include Orontea 
(Venice, 1649), La Dorl (ib., 1663), both 
of which "were very successful. He 
also prod. II principe generoso (Vienna, 
1665), II porno d'oTo {ib., 1666), Tito 
(Venice, 1666), Neituno e Flora Festeg- 
gianti (.ib., 1666), Semiramide (.ib., 
1667), Le Disgrazie d'Amore (ib., 1667), 
Argene (1668), Genserico, and Argia 
(ib., 1669). With C. is supposed to 
have begun the degeneration of the 
opera into a mere 'concert in cos- 
tume' since he transmitted the Caris- 
simi formalism to the stage (da capo 
aria, etc.). He also wrote madrigals, 
songs, etc., and transferred the cantata, 
perfected by Carissimi, to the stage. 
Ref.: I. 328f; VI. 105; IX. 15f, 67. 

CHABRAN, Francesco (18th cent.) : 
b. Piedmont; aroused enthusiasm in 
Paris and London as violin virtu- 
oso; composed violin sonatas and can- 
tatas. 

CHABRIE:R, Alexis i:niannel (1841- 
1894) : b. Ambert, d. Paris; studied 
piano with Ed. Wolff, and theory and 
composition with T. A. E. Semet and 
Aristide Hignard. L'itoile, his first op- 
eretta, was produced 1877 (after vari- 
ous unsuccessful operatic attempts 
which were not staged). More im- 
portant were his grand operas, Gwen- 
doline (Brussels, 1886), and Le roi 
malgri lui (Paris, 1887). The first 
act of his uncompleted opera, Briseis, 
was first presented at a Lamoureux 
concert in 1897. C.'s rhapsody Espana, 
for orchestra, is a favorite reper- 
tory number. He also wrote piano 
pieces. C. was choral director at the 
Chateau d'Eau, 1884-85, and aided 
Lamoureux in the rehearsing of Tris- 
tan und Isolde. Ref. : III. viii, ix, xviii, 
2, 286. 341; V. 354; VIL 353, 366; VIIL 
427fr; IX. 443, 454, 457; mus. ex., XIV. 
83; portrait. III. 298. 

CHADWICK, George Whltfleld 
(1854- ) : b. Lowell, Mass.; American 
composer; pupil of Eugene Thayer at 
Boston, and Reinecke and Jadassohn in 
the Leipzig Cons.; later of Rheinberger 
In Munich. He became organist of the 
South Congreg. church, and teacher of 
harmony, composition and orchestra- 
tion at the New England Cons., in 
Boston. In 1897 he succeeded Faelten 
as director. He also conducted the 
Worcester Music Festival. His com- 
positions include 3 symphonies, 7 over- 
tures, symphonic poem sketches, fan- 
tasy, suite, 5 string quartets, a piano 
quartet, choral works with orch., an 
opera 'Judith,' a comic opera 'Tabasco,' 
songs, etc.; pub. a 'Harmony' (1898). 
Ref.: IV. 248f, 311, 337 f, 357, 462; 
VL 221, 381, 464; VII. 589; mus. 
ex., XIV. 212, 215; portrait, IV. 342. 



Chapl y Lopente 

CHALIAPINE, Theodore (1873-) : 
b. Kazan, Russia; operatic bass; joined 
an opera company at 17; has sung in 
St. Petersburg, Moscow, Paris, Lon- 
don, New York, etc., leading r61es in 
Boris Goudiinojf, 'Ivan the Terrible,' 
'Prince Igor,' La Khovanstchina, Me- 
fistofele, etc. Ref.: IX. 398. 

CHAMBERL.AIIV, Houston Stewart 
(1855- ) : contemp. aesthetician and 
writer, authority on Wagner. He pub. 
Das Drama Richard Wagners (Leip- 
zig, 1892), and Richard Wagner (Mu- 
nich, 1896). The latter has been 
translated into English by G. A. Hight 
(London, 1897). Ref.: (cited)IX.259,296. 

CHAMBERIiYN (ca. 1509) : English 
organ builder. Ref.: VI. 405. 

CHAMBOlVNIfiiRES, Jacqnes 
Champion (17th cent.) : chamber-cem- 
balist at the French court; composer of 
clavecin compositions and teacher of 
many famous pupils, among them the 
elder Couperins, d'Anglebert, Le Bfegue, 
etc. Ref.: I. 375; VL 442; VII. 27, 32, 
33, 104. 

CHAMIIVADE, C^cUe-Loolse-Steph- 
anle (1861- ): b. Paris; pianist and 
composer; studied with Lecouppey, 
Savard, and Marsick, and composition 
with Godard. She composed a ballet- 
symphonie Callirhoe (1888), a sym- 
phonie-lyrique, Les Amazones (1888), 
2^ orchestral suites, a Konzertstiick for 
piano and orchestra and a great num- 
ber of piano pieces, some of which 
have become very popular; also many 
songs. Ref.: V. 318; VH. 342. 

CHAMPEIN, Stanislas (1753- 

1830): b. Marseilles, d. Paris; studied 
with Peccico and Chavet, Paris; com- 
posed church music, 2 operettas and 
40 operas before 1792; after that date 
he wrote 15 operas, none of which were 
produced. 

CHAMPIBfGTON, J. (16th cent.): 
English organ maker. 

CHAMFIOBT, Jacqnes. See Cham- 

BONNIERGS. 

CHAMPS, Ettore de (1835-1905) : b. 
Florence, d. there; was educated as a 
pianist and composer, wrote several 
operas, skits (farse) and ballets; and 
in addition composed masses and other 
church music. 

CHANDOS, Duke of. Ref.: I. 433f. 

CHANNAY, Jean de (16th cent.) : 
Avignon music printer. 

CHANT AVOINE, Jean (1877- ) : 
b. Paris; studied with Friedlander, 
1898, 1901-02; music critic on the 
Revue Hebdomadaire since 1903; on 
Excelsior since 1911; has been editor 
of L'Annie Masicale and Les Maltres 
de la Musique; wrote Uusiciens et 
Poites (Paris, 1912). 

CHAPI y LORENTE, Rnperto 
(1851-1909): b. Villena, d. Madrid; 
studied at the Madrid dons.; later in 
Rome on a grant from the Spanish 
Academy; wrote several operas, but 
is especially well known for his zar- 
zuelas, of -which he has written 155. 



83 



Chapman 

CHAPMAN (1): English masque 
■writer. Ref.: VI. 141. (2) William 
Rogers (1855- ): b. Hanover, Mass. ; 
chorus-leader and conductor in New 
York and Ne"w England; conductor of 
the Maine Music Festivals ; composer 
of church music, choral works, songs, 
etc. 

CHAPPEIili *. CO.! music publish- 
ing house of Loiiidon, founded in 1812 
by Samuel Chappell, Cramer, the 
pianist, and Latouh. William C. 
(1809-1888), son of Samuel, succeeded 
his father in 1834; established the 
*Antiquarian Society,' 1840; pub. col- 
lections of music, songs and an unfin- 
ished history of music. 

CHAPPIE, Samuel (1775-1833) : b. 
Crediton, Devon, d. Ashburton; blind 
organist and pianist; composed piano- 
forte sonatas with violin accompani- 
ment, anthems, songs, a glee, etc. 

CHAPUIS, Augusta - Paul - Jean - 
Baptiste (1862- ) : b. Dampierre- 
sur-Salon; studied under Dubois, 
Massenet and C^sar Franck; took the 
Rossini prize, 1885; organist at Notre- 
Dame-des-Champs. 1882-87, and at 
Saint-Roch since then ; professor of har- 
mony at the Conservatoire since 1894; 
inspector-general of musical instruction 
of the schools in Paris since 1895; 
wrote dramas, cantatas, oratorios, in- 
strumental pieces, choruses, organ mu- 
sic and a treatise on harmony. 

CHARD, G. W. (ca. 1765-1849) : Eng- 
lish organist and composer, 

CHARLEMAGIVE:. Ref.: V. 131; VI. 
17f, 400. 

CHARIiES (1) I, King of England. 
Ref. : X. 84. (2) II, King of England. Ref. : 
VI. 90; X. 119, 145. (3) VIII, Emperor 
of Germany. Ref.: II. 64. (4) IX, King 
of France. Ref.: VI. 57. (5) X, King 
of France. Ref.: II. 188. (6) XI, King 
of France. Ref.: VII. 375. 

CHARLIER, Theodore (1876- ) : 

virtuoso on trumpet. 

CHARPENTIER (1) Marc-Antoine 
(1634-1702): b. Paris, d. there; pupil 
of Garissimi in Italy; mattre de cha~ 
pelle to the Dauphin in Paris, which he 
lost through Lully's machinations ; 
mattre de chapelle to Mile, de Guise; 
then at the Jesuit collegiate church and 
monastery, and finally of the Sainte- 
Chapelle; for a time also intendant 
to the Due d'Orleans. He wrote 16 
operas and other stage music, also sev- 
eral tragedies spirituelleSj masses, mo- 
tets, pastorales, drinking-songs, etc. C, 
aggrieved by Lully, avoided the lat- 
ter's style, probably to his .own preju- 
dice, though Fetis considers him supe- 
rior to Lully in learning. Ref.: I. 410. 
(2) Gustavo (1860- ): b. Dieuze; 
composer; studied violin with Massart, 
harmony with Pessard, composition 
with Massenet at the Conservatoire, 
where he took the grand prix de Rome 
in 1887. C. first became kno'wn through 
his orchestral suite. Impressions d' 
Italic, sent to the Cons, from Italy, fol- 



84 



Chelius 

lowed by La vie da poite, for soli, 
chorus and orchestra, after Baudelaire; 
Impressions fausses, for chorus and 
orchestra, after Verlaine; Louise, an 
opera (1900) ; Julien, a lyric drama 
(1913). Ref.: II. 439; III. viii, Ix, 
SiSff; VIII. 429f ; IX. xiii, xiv, 253, 443, 
opera, IX. i6iff; portrait, III. 298. 

CHATTERTON, J. B. (1805-1871) : b. 
Norwich, d. London; harpist and com- 
poser to the court. 

CHAUMET, William (1842-1903) : b. 
Boideaux; winner of the Cressent and 
the Rossini prizes; composer of two 
comic operas, a lyric drama, composi- 
tions for orchestra and for piano, songs, 

CHAUSSON, Ernest (1855-1899) ; b. 
Paris, d. -Limay near Mantes; was a 
pupil of Massenet and C^sar Franck 
at the Conservatoire. C. held for a 
long time office of secretary of the 
Society nationale de musique. His com- 
positions have awakened interest be- 
cause of their distinrtion and indi- 
viduality: among them are a sym- 
phony in B flat; a symphonic poem, 
Vivaine; hymns from the Rig-Veda 
for chorus and orchestra; Poeme de 
I'amour et de la m.er (song with or- 
chestra) ; a violin concerto ; a string 
quartet (unfinished) ; a lyric scene, 
Jeanne d'Arc, some incidental music 
to plays; also the operas Hi- 
line and Le roi Arthus (Karlsruhe, 
1900; Brussels, 1903), a number of songs 
and piano pieces and some motets. Ref. : 
III. viii, ix, xiii, 308; songs, V. 355; 
chamber music, VII. 552, 589; sym- 
phony, VIII. 430f ; opera, IX. 454. 

CHATTVET, Cliarles-Alexils (1837- 
1871) : b. Marnes, d. Argentan; studied 
with Benoist and A. Thomas; organist 
in Paris churches; composer of organ 
music and famed for his improvisa- 
tions on the organ. 

CHAVANIVB, Irene von (1868- ) : 
b. Graz; studied at tlie Vienna Cons.; 
alto at the Dresden Court Opera from 
1885 ; royal chamber singer, 1894. 

CHEESE, G. J. (18th cent.) : London 
organist and writer. 

CHEIiARD, Hippolyte-Andr£-Jean- 
Baptiste (1789-1861) : b. Paris, d. Wei- 
mar; studied under Fetis, Gossec and 
Dourlen; took the grand prix de Rome 
in 1881; then studied with Baini, Zin- 
garelli and Paesiello; prod, an opera 
in Naples, 1815. His opera 'Macbeth,' 
prod, in Paris 1827, was not success- 
ful, but when given in Munich, 1828, 
won him an appointment as Kapell- 
meister; wrote other operas for Mu- 
nich and conducted German opera in 
London, 1832-33; prod, operas in Mu- 
nich and Weimar up to the year 1844. 

CHEMCS, Oskar von (1859- ): 
b. Mannheim; studied under Steinbach, 
Reiss and Jadassohn; entered the army 
and became major-general in 1911; was 
military attache at St. Petersburg, 
1914; wrote operas and sacred music, 
piano pieces and songs. 



Cheney 

CHENEY, Mosca E. (19lh cent.) : 
American singing teacher; organizer 
(with E. K. Prouty) of first American 
musical 'convention.' Ref.: IV. 244. 

CHERJflAVSKY (1) L,eo (1890-) : 
b. Odessa; violinist; studied -with 
Auer, later In Vienna and London. 
(2) Jan (1892- ): b. Odessa; broth- 
er of (1) ; pianist; studied -with 
Mme. Essipoff and later -with Lesche- 
tizky. (3) Michel (1893- ): b. 
Odessa; brother of (1) and (2); 'cel- 
list; studied with Versbllovltch and 
later under Popper. The brothers 
toured Russia, 1900; Germany, Hol- 
land and France, 1904; Vienna, Lon- 
don and the provinces, 1906; United 
States and Canada, 1916. 

CHERUBISfl, [Maria] I,niei tCarlo 
Zenoblo Salvatore] (1760-1842) : b. 
Florence, d. Paris. His father, a cem- 
balist, was his first teacher; later he 
studied with Bart, and Alex. Felici, 
Bizarrl and Castruccl, and finally Sarti, 
to whom he was sent by Leopold H 
of Tuscany (later Emperor). After 
several youthful works he prod, the 
opera Quiiito Fabio (Alessandria della 
Paglla, 1780). This, unsuccessful, was 
followed by Armida (Florence, 1782), 
Adriano in Siria (Leghorn, 1782), 
Mesenzio (Florence, 1782), a revised 
version of Qiiinto Fabio (Rome, 1783), 
Lo Sposo di ire e marito di jiessuna 
(Venice, 1783), Idalide (Florence, 
1784), and Alessandro nelle Indie 
(Mantua, 1784), which were success- 
ful. In 1784 he brought out 2 operas 
in London (where he was composer 
to the king for a year). La flnta prin- 
cipessa (1785), and Giulio Sabino. 
After a year in Paris, he prod. Iflgenia 
in Aulide at Turin; then returned to 
Paris and failed with a French opera 
Dimophoon (Opera, 1788). After Leon- 
ard's establishment of a licensed Italian 
opera (Theatre de la foire) at St. Ger- 
main, C. conducted there until 1792. 
His next opera, Lodoiska (1791), began 
the evolution of a different style, akin 
to that of the French opira comique 
composers. In 1795 C. became, with 
M^hul and Lesueur, Inspector of the 
new Conservatoire. Meantime he prod. 
Elisa, oil le voyage au mont St. Ber- 
nard (1794), and Midie (1797), fol- 
lowed by L'Hotellerie portugaise 
(1798), La Punition (1799), La Pri- 
sonniere (1799, w. Boieldieu), and Les 
deux journees (1800, considered his op- 
eratic masterpiece), also Anacreon^ on 
I'amour fugitif (1803), and the ballet 
Achille a Scyros (1804). Troubles with 
Napoleon and financial dlfflcultles in- 
duced him to accept the commission 
to set an opera for Vienna. Hence 
Faniska was brought out (with great 
success) in 1806 at the Karnthnerthor 
Theatre. When Napoleon occupied 
Vienna he returned to Paris and wrote 
Pimmaglione (1809), Crescendo (1813), 
Les Abencerages (1814), 2 others in 
part, and after a protracted retire- 



Chezy 

ment turned his attention chiefly to 
church music, composing his famous 
3-part mass in F, a symphony, an 
overture and a Hymn to Spring for 
the London Philharmonic Society. 
After losing his post in the Conserva- 
toire he was made superintendent of 
the Royal Chapel, and in 1816 returned 
to the Cons, as professor of composi- 
tion, and was its director, 1821-41. His 
works Include 1 symphony, 1 overture, 
11 marches, 11 dances, etc., 6 string 
quartets, 1 string quintet; 1 sonata for 
2 organs, 6 piano sonatas, 1 grand fan- 
tasia, 1 minuet, 1 chaconne, and other 
piano music, 1 ballet, 17 cantatas, many 
single arias, romances, nocturnes, duets, 
etc.; 14 choruses, 4 sets of solfeggi, 11 
solemn masses, 2 requiems, many 
Kyrles, Glorias, Credos, etc., 1 oratorio, 
motets, hymns, graduals, etc., 1 
Magnificat, 1 Miserere, 1 Te Deum, 4 
litanies, 2 Lamentations, 20 antiphones, 
etc., most of the larger ecclesiastical 
works with orchestral accompaniment. 
His last opera was Ali Baba (1833). 
Ref.: IL 40ff; V. 49f; VI. 324, 333f; 
VIL 411; VIH. 101; IX. xl. 111, 112, 
113ff, 123, 205, 225; mus. ex., XIH. 215, 
216; portrait, VIIL 166. 

CHESNIKOPF, P. G.: contemp. Rus- 
sian composer of church music. Ref.: 
m. 143; 161. 

CHEVfi, £mile [Joseph MaurlceJ 
(1804-1864) : b. Douarnenez, Finisterre, 
d. Paris; physician who married 
Nannie Paris (d. 1868), and jointly 
with her and her brother Aimi5 Paris 
(1798-1866, b. Finisterre, d. Paris) pub. 
a series of treatises on Pierre Galin's 
method of elementary music teaching, 
including Mithode Galin-Chevi-Paris, 
Methode ilimentaire d'harmonie (1846), 
Mithode ^limentaire de musique vocale 
(1844, 6th ed., 1854, transl. into Ger- 
man), Exercises ilimentaires de lec- 
ture musicale A I'usage des icoles 
primaires (1860), and thus became one 
of the chief exponents of the method. 
The methods are based largely on the 
use of numbers instead of notes, and 
the movement of a stick on a blank 
staff known as the miloplast. C.'s son 
Armand continued the method with 
compromising modifications, also edit- 
ed periodical L'avenir musical and 
wrote a Rapport sur I'enseignement da 
chant (1881). 

CHEVIIiLARD, CamlUe (1859- ) : 
b. Paris; studied piano with Georges 
Mathias ; self-taught in composition. 
He was assistant conductor of the 
Lamoureux Concerts till 1897 when he 
succeeded Lamoureux as chief conduc- 
tor. His compositions Include 1 sym- 
phonic ballade, Le chdne et le roseau, 
1 symphonic poem, and 1 symphonic 
fantasy, 1 string quintet, 1 quartet, 1 
trio, a violin sonata, piano pieces, etc. 
Ref.: IH. 285, 363; VIH. 487. 

CHEZY, Helmine (or Wilhelmlne) 
[Christine] von (1783-1856) : b. Berlin, 
d. Geneva; wrote the play Rosamunde, 



85 



Chlabran 

for which Schubert wrote Incidental 
music and the libretto of Weber's 
Euryanthe. Ref.: IX. 121, 200, 202. 

CHIABRABT. See Chabhan. 

CHIAROMOXTE:, Francesco (1809- 
1886): b. Sicily, d. Brussels; studied 
under Donizetti; prod, the opera 
Fenicia at Naples in 1844; professor 
of singing at the Royal Cons.; prod. 
Caterina di Cleves, 1850; became cho- 
rus-master at the Theatre Italien, Paris, 
1858; held a similar position In Lon- 
don and then became professor in the 
Cons, at Brussels, 1871. Besides op- 
eras he wrote an oratorio, 'Job' (1884), 
and a singing method. 

CHICKERING & SON: celebrated 
American firm of piano makers, found- 
ed in Boston, 1823, by Jonas Chlcker- 
ing (1798-1853). His son, Thomas 
E. C. (1824-1871), became Chevalier of 
the Legion of Honor and took the 
first prize for pianos at the Paris Ex- 
position, 1867. 

CHILBSOTTI, Oscare (1848- ): 
b. Bassano, Italy; flutist and 'cellist; 
contributor to the Gazzetta Musicale 
and other papers; lectured throughout 
Italy on musical subjects; wrote many 
valuable books, especially on old lute 
music, pub. 1883 to 1911. 

CHITTENDEN, Kate (1856- ): 
b. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; pianist 
and teacher; taught in London, Stam- 
ford, Conn., New York and Vassar 
College; president of Metropolitan Col- 
lege of Music, and dean of the faculty 
of American Institute of Applied Mu- 
sic. Ref.: IV. 255. 

CHOP, Max (nom de plume 'M. 
Charles') (1862- ) : b. Greussen, 
Thuringia; abandoned law for the 
study of music; has written books of 
songs and ballads, 2 piano concertos, 
2 suites for orchestra; pub. Zeitgenos- 
sische Tondichter (2 vols., 1888-90) and 
a work on the history of music (Ber- 
lin, 1912) ; also various 'guides,' etc. 

CHOPIN, [Francois] Frfideric 
(1810-1849) : b. Zelazowa Wola, near 
Warsaw, d. Paris; son of a teacher in 
the Warsaw Gymnasium (French by 
birth), and a Polish mother. He was 
educated at his father's private school, 
studied piano with the Bohemian pian- 
ist, Albert Zwyny, theory with Joseph 
Eisner. He first played and improvised 
in public at 9, and subsequently he ap- 
peared as a pianist in Berlin, Danzig, 
Dresden, Leipzig, Prague, etc. His first 
opus (a Rondo) "was pub. in 1825, 
though he had earlier written some 
polonaises, mazurkas and waltzes. His 
piano concertos, several mazurkas, 
nocturnes, rondos, etc., followed soon 
after. He now visited as a pianist 
Vienna, Munich, and Paris on his way 
to London, but remained in Paris to 
make it his home. Everywhere he was 
acclaimed as a master of his instru- 
ment, and he quickly won the friend- 
ship of men like Liszt, Berlioz, Meyer- 
beer, Bellini, Nourrit, Balzac, and 



Choriey 

Heine. He was eagerly sought as a 
teacher, chiefly by members of the 
French and Polish aristocracy; and 
every year he gave concerts to the 
musical ilite, but generally preferred 
playing in salons before selected cir- 
cles to public appearances. As com- 
poser, too, he was received with high 
favor, and Schumann's 'Hats off, gen- 
tlemen! A genius!' with which he 
greeted the La ci darem la mano varia- 
tions, voiced the general opinion. In 
many quarters he was the subject of 
fanatic adulation. C. in 1836 met Mme. 
Dudevant, the novelist (George Sand) 
and their subsequent liaison was to 
prove an unfortunate circumstance in 
the life of the over-sensitive artist. 
After an attack of bronchitis which 
he suffered, Mme. Dudevant accompa- 
nied him to Majorca, where she nursed 
him, but the disease developed into 
consumption, and, after parting from 
Mme. D. in 1844, C. visited England 
twice in search of health. He suc- 
cumbed in 1849, leaving an imperish- 
able memory both as a great composer 
and the reformer of pianoforte tech- 
nique, the first exploiter of the instru- 
ment's resources in a characteristic 
manner. His compositions comprise 
74 opus numbers and 12 works with- 
out numbers, as follows: Piano and 
oacHESTBA. 2 concertos (E min., op. 
11; F min., op. 21); Don Giovanni 
Fantasia, op. 2; Krakoviak, Rondo, op. 
14; Polonaise in E-flat, op. 22; and a 
Fantasia on Polish airs. For piano 

WITH OTHER INSTRUMENTS. DuO COncer- 

tant on themes from Robert le Diable; 
Introd. et Polonaise, op. 3, and Sonata, 
op. 65, for piano and 'cello ; piano trio 
in G min., op. 8; a Rondo for 2 pianos 
in C, op. 73. Piano solo. Allegro de 
concert, op. 46; 4 Ballades, op. 23, 38, 
47, 52; Barcarole, op. 60; Berceuse, op. 
57; BoUto, op. 19; 3 icossaises, op. 72; 
12 Grandes etudes, op. 10; 12 ttudes, 
op. 25, 3 Mudes; 4 Fantasies, op. 13, 
49, 61, 66; 3 Impromptus, op. 29, 36, 
51; Marcke funibre, op. 72; 52 Mazur- 
kas, op. 6, 7, 17, 24, 30, 33, 41, 50, 56, 59, 
63, 67, 68; Morceau de concert sur la 
Uarche des Puritains de Bellini; 19 
Nocturnes, op. 9, 15, 27, 32, 37, 48, 55, 
62, 72; 11 Polonaises, op. 3, 26, 40, 44, 
53, 61, 71; 24 Priludes, op. 28; Prelude, 
op. 45; 3 Rondos, op. 1, 5, 16; 4 
Scherzos, op. 20, 31, 39, 54; 3 Sonatas, 
op. 4, 35, 58; Tarentelle, op. 43; 13 
Valses, op. 18, 34, 42, 64, 69, 70, and 
B min.; Variations on Je vends des 
scapulaires, op. 12; Variation dans 
I'Hexameron. Vocal. 16 Polish Songs, 
op. 74. Ref.: For life and work see II. 
256//, 291, 365, SUff; for songs, V. 256; 
for piano compositions, VII. 55, 132, 
207, 250ff, 284, 305, 333, 342, 367, 428; 
mus. ex., XIII. 339, 340, 341, 343; por- 
traits, II. 312; VII. 268. For add. refer- 
ences see individual indexes. 

CHORIiEY, Henry Fotherglll (1801- 
1872) : b. Blackley Hurst, Lancashire, 



86 



Choron 

d. London; music critic of the Lon- 
don 'Athenaeum,' 1833-71. He travelled 
much and had a broad knowledge of 
music, but his criticism is not of great 
value. He wrote 'Musical Manners in 
France and Northern Germany' (3 vols., 
1841), 'Modem German Music' (1854, 
2 vols.), 'Thirty Years' Musical Recol- 
lections' (2 vols., 1862), 'Autobiog- 
raphy, Memoir, and Letters' (2 vols., 
1873), 'National Music of the World' 
(1880, ed. by Hewlett), 'Handel Stud- 
ies' (1859), and 'Prodigy, a Tale of 
Music' (1866) ; also librettos, and 
translations (Gounod's Faust, etc.). 
Ref.: n. 485; VI. 79, 183, 253; X. 156. 

C H O R O ]V , Alexandre - £:tienne 
(1772-1834): b. Caen, d. Paris; stu- 
dent of the theory and practice of 
music ; edited and published musical 
works and compositions ; became di- 
rector of the Opera, 1816; re-opened the 
Conservatoire; pub. a historical dic- 
tionary of musicians (1810-11), a 
Mithode Hementaire de mnsique et de 
platnchant (1811), various other books 
on method, a musical encyclopedia (8 
vols., 1836-38), and many other works. 

CHOUftUET, Adolphe - Gnstave 

(1819-1886): b. Havre, d. Paris; taught 
music in America, 1840-60, then in 
Paris; won the prix Bordin twice for 
a history of music from the 14th cen- 
tury to modern times (1873) and a 
study of dramatic music in France 
(printed 1873) ; conservator of instru- 
ments at the Cons, from 1871. 

CHRISTIAN FREDERICK VIII, 
King of Denmark. Ref.: 309. 

CHRISTIANI, Elise (1827-1853) : b. 
Paris, d. Tobolsk; 'cellist; made d^but 
in Paris, 1845; Mendelssohn wrote a 
Lied ohne Worte for her. 

CHRISTY, Edwin T.: Amer. 'negro' 
minstrel. Ref.: IV. 361£f. 

CHRYSANDER, Friedricli (1826- 
1901) : b. Lilbtheen, Mecklenburg, d. 
Bergedorf; critic, editor and historian; 
editor of the Allgemeine musikalische 
Zeitung, 1868-71; co-editor (w. Philipp 
Spitta and Guido Adler) of the Viertel- 
jahrsschrlft f. Musikwissenschaft, from 
1885. He edited two JahrbiXcher filT 
musikalische Wissenschaft (1863, 18()7), 
containing important papers by various 
writers, and wrote, besides important 
articles on Music Printing, the Hamburg 
Opera, etc., pamphlets on the Minor Key 
in Folk-song, the Oratorio and a monu- 
mental biography of Handel (1858- 
1894). He was one of the founders of 
the Leipzig Handel-Gesellschaft, super- 
intended the great Handel edition, has 
edited Bach's clavier works (1856), and 
Carissimi's oratorios in the Denkmdler 
der Tonkunst. Ref.: I. 437, 444; VII. 
53; IX. 33. 

CHRYSANTHOS OF MADYTON 
(19th cent.) : archbishop of Durazzo, 
Albania; taught church music in Con- 
stantinople, wrote 'Introduction to the 
Theory and Practice of Church Mu- 
sic,' 1821, and 'Great Theory of Music,' 



Cimarosa 

1832, in which he simplifled the pre- 
vailing method of notation. 

CIAMPI, Legrenzlo Vineenzo 

(1719- ): b. near Piacenza; indi- 
rectly a founder of the French comic 
opera, as his opera buffa, Bertoldo alia 
corte (Bertoldo Bertoldini e Cacaseno), 
first prod, in Vienna and Piacenza 
(1749 and 1750), and brought to Paris 
in 1753, was imitated by Favart in his 
Ninette d la cour and a whole progeny 
of similar works (also in Germany). 
C. prod, in all 23 operas (Venice, 
Naples, etc., 1737-73) ; went to Lon- 
don in 1748 and prod, a number of 
operas there; also pub. church music, 
including masses, and instrumental 
works (6 violin concertos, 6 organ con- 
certos, 12 trio sonatas, 10 violin so- 
natas with continuo, piano sonatas). 
Ref.: rx. 81. 

CICERO. Ref.: (auoted) X. 72. 

CICOGNANI, Giuseppe (1870- ) : 
contemp. Italian opera composer. Ref. : 
in. 384. 

CIFRA, Antonio (ca. 1575-ca. 1636) : 
b. Rome, d. Loretto; composer of the 
Roman school; studied with Pales- 
trina and Nanini; maestro di cappella 
at the German College, Loretto, 1610- 
20; at the Lateran 2 years; for the 
Archduke Carl of Austria, 1822; pub. 
much church music, including motets, 
psalms, masses, antiphones, litanies, 
madrigals, etc. (1600-38). 

CILftA, Francesco (1866- ) : b. 
Palmi, Calabria; was a pupil of Cesti 
and Serrao, and composer of the op- 
eras: Gina (Naples, 1889); Tilda (Flor- 
ence, 1892) ; L'Arlesiana (Milan, 1896) ; 
Adrienne Lecouvreur (Milan, 1902) ; 
and Gloria (Milan, 1907). Has also 
written chamber music and is now di- 
rector of the conservatory at Palermo. 
Ref.: m. 369. 

CIMAROSA, Domenlco (1749-1801) : 
b. Aversa, near Naples, d. Venice, be- 
ing a poor orphan, C. received his 
early training from Polcano, at the 
charity school of Minorites, then at 
the Conservatorio di S. Maria di Lo- 
reto, singing under Manna and Sac- 
chini, counterpoint under Fenaroli, 
composition under Picclnl. In 1770 
he prod, an oratorio, Ginditta, in 
Rome; in 1772 his first opera Le Straca- 
ganze del Conte at Naples. His first 
success came with La finta parigina, 
prod, at the Teatro Nuovo, Naples, in 
the following year. In the next 29 
years he wrote nearly 80 operas ; and 
he soon became a rival of Paesiello, 
bringing out operas alternately in 
Rome and Naples and becoming re- 
nowned all over Europe. In 1789 he 
agreed to go to St. Petersburg as Pae- 
siello's successor, and proceeded tri- 
umphantly from court to court. In St. 
Petersburg he stayed 3 years and he 
there produced 3 operas, besides 500 
pieces of music for the court and no- 
bility. The severe climate drove him to 
Vienna, where Emperor Leopold made 



87 



CipoUlnl 

him Kapellmeister at 12,000 florins 
a year. Here he brought out II Matri- 
znonio segreto, his masterpiece, in 1733 
and with it for the time eclipsed all 
rivals, Including Mozart. Excepting the 
latter's operas, Matrimonio is the only 
one of all the mass of stage works pro- 
duced in this period that has survived 
to tlie present day. It was performed 
67 times in Naples in 1793, and was 
followed by Gli Orazi e Cnriazi in 
Venice. C. had begun another opera, 
Artemisia, when he suddenly died. He 
had some time before (1798) been im- 
prisoned for revolutionary activities 
and saved from execution only by the 
clemency of King Ferdinand. It was 
rumored that he was finally poisoned 
by order of Queen Caroline of Naples, 
but a posthumous examination dis- 
posed of the charge. P. is known to 
have written 76 operas, of which the 
comic ones (opere buffe) are the best. 
In his 11 Fanatico per gli antichi Ro- 
mani (1777) he introduced for the first 
time vocal ensembles into the dramatic 
action. He also wrote 7 symphonies, 2 
oratorios, several cantatas, masses, 
psalms, motets, requiems, arias, cava- 
tinas, a great variety of other vocal 
works, solfeggi, etc. Ref.i II. 15; IX. 
39, 69, 130, 131f, 380. 

CIPOLL,IIVI, Gaetano (1857- ) : 
b. Catanzaro, Italy; dramatic composer; 
studied with Francesco Coppa; com- 
posed many vocal romanze, piano 
pieces, operettas, lyric comedies, a 
melodrame and an opera. 

CISNBROS, Eleonora de (n^e 
Broadfoot) (1880- ) : b. New York; 
dramatic mezzo-soprano ; studied with 
Mme. Celli, New York, and later with 
Jean de Reszke and Trabadello in 
Paris; debut as Amneris in Aida in 
Philadelphia, 1900; sang in Milan and 
in Trieste; also appeared in Rio de 
Janeiro, Lisbon, Covent Garden, Lon- 
don, the Vienna Opera and at La Scala, 
Milan ; made a concert tour of Bel- 
gium and Germany, 1908, and accom- 
panied Melba on a tour of Australia, 
1911; member of the Manhattan Opera 
Company, and Chicago Opera Company 
since 1910. 

CI.AASSE?J, Arthur (1859- ) : b. 
Stargard, Prussia; studied music at 
Weimar; conductor of theatres in Got- 
tingen and Magdeburg; conducted the 
Arion in Brooklyn for 25 years, also 
the Liederkranz in New York; found- 
ed the San Antonio Symphony So- 
ciety, 1910; pub. 'Festival Hymn,' 
'Waltz-Idyll,' songs and choruses. 

CliAPISSON, Antoine-L,onIs (1808- 
1866): b. Naples, d. Paris; violinist 
and composer; member of the Insti- 
tute of France, 1854; professor of har- 
mony at the Conservatoire, 1861; com- 
posed 21 comic operas and many songs. 

CliAPP, Philip Greeley (1888- ) : 
b. Boston; studied music at Harvard 
Univ. ; composer of a sympli. poem, a 
symphony, an orchestral prelude. 



Claussen 

string quartet, piano pieces, songs, etc.; 
instructor in Music at Harvard (1911- 
12), Middlesex School (1912-14), etc.; 
director of music, Dartmouth Cfollege, 
since 1915. Ref.: IV. 390. 

CLARI, Giovanni Carlo Maria 
(1669-1754); b. Pisa, d. Pistoja; 
maestro di cappella there; wrote fa- 
mous Duetti e Terzetti da camera 
(1720) ; also masses, psalms, other 
church music, 11 oratorios, and an 
opera. 

CLARK, Rev. Frederick Scotson 
(1840-1883): b. London, d. there; stud- 
ied music in Paris and London; or- 
ganist of Exeter College, Oxford; then 
studied in Leipzig and Stuttgart ; found- 
ed London Organ School, 1873; com- 
posed many pieces for the organ and 
harmonium as well as sacred music, 
songs, etc. 

CLARKX: (1) Jeremlali (ca. 1670- 
1707): b. London, d. there; chorister 
in the Chapel Royal; Master of the 
Children at St. Paul's, 1693; organist 
of the Chapel Royal, 1704; wrote in- 
cidental music to plays and was joint 
composer of the operas 'The World 
and the Moon' and 'The Island Prin- 
cess' (1699). (2) John (Whltfleld- 
Clarke) (1770-1836) : b. Gloucester, d. 
Homer, n. Hereford; organist at Lud- 
low, Armagh, Dublin, organist and 
choirmaster of Trinity and St. John's 
Colleges, Cambridge, later at Hereford; 
professor of music, Cambridge, from 
1821. Mus. D. Cantab, and Oxon. He 
wrote an oratorio, 'The Crucifixion and 
the Resurrection' (1822) ; cathedral 
services and anthems, glees, songs, 
chants, etc.; and edited the vocal works 
of Handel (1809). Ref.: VL 473f. (3) 
James Hamilton Smee (1840-1912) : 
h. Birmingham, England; d. Bansted; 
organist of Queen's College, Oxford, 
1866; conducted operas in Paris and 
London; first conductor of the Carl 
Rosa Company in 1893; musical di- 
rector of the Lyceum Theatre from 
1878 _; pub. more than 400 works, in- 
cluding incidental music for some of 
Shakespeare's plays, operettas, canta- 
tas, church music, songs and instru- 
mental music. (4) Coningsbyi contemp. 
English song- writer. Ref.: HI. 443. 

CLARUS, Max (1852- ) : b. 
Milhlberg-on-Elbe ; Kapellmeister in va- 
rious theatres, including the Victoria, 
Berlin; became court Musikdirektor in 
1890; has directed many choral socle- 
ties; composed a number of choruses; 
prod, several operas and ballets. 

CliAUSSEN (1) Wilhelm (1843- 
1869): b. Schwerin, d. there; studied 
at the Stern Cons., Berlin, and with 
Schaifer; won the Meyerbeer Scholar- 
ship with an overture; composed piano 
pieces and songs. (2) Julia (1879-) : 
b. Stockholm; studied music at the 
Royal Academy of Music there and 
with Professor Friedrich, Berlin; d6- 
but at the Royal Opera in Stockholm, 
1903; sang in Covent Garden, 1914; 



88 



Clave 

member of the Chicago Opera Company 
since 1913. 

CLAVfi, Jos6 Anselmo (1824-1874) : 
b. Barcelona, d. there ; founder of 
singing societies in Spain modelled on 
the French 'Orph^ons'; composed songs, 
choruses and zarzuelas, 

CliAXTON, Philander D„ American 
educator. Ref.: TV. 242f. 

CI.EGG, Edith: b. London; contral- 
to; studied with Klein in London and 
Bouhy in Paris; debut in opera, Lon- 
don, 1906; has sung at Covent Gar- 
den and toured Germany as a lieder- 
singer. 

CliEMENS, Jacob (called Clemens 
non Papa, to distinguish him from 
Pope Clement VII, who was a good 
player of several instruments) : emi- 
nent 16th-cent. contrapuntist of the 
Netherland school. He was first chapel 
master to Emperor Charles V at Vi- 
enna, and wrote 11 masses, many mo- 
tets, chansons, etc. Ret.: I. 304; mus. 
ex., XIII. 40. 

CLEMENT, Franz (1784-1842) : b. 
Vienna, d. there; Kapellmeister at tlie 
Theater an der Wien, Vienna, 1802-11 
and 1813-18, in the interim leader at 
Prague, under Weber; later travelled 
with Mme. Catalani for several years. 
He wrote 6 concertos and 25 concer- 
tinos for violin, overtures, quartets, 
piano concertos, and 1 opera, Le trom- 
peuT tTompi. Ref.: VII. 444, 451, 456. 

CLfiMBNT (1) Felix (1822-1885) : b. 
Paris, d. there; student of musical 
history In Paris, was organist and 
choirmaster at the Church of the 
Sorbonne; assisted in the establish- 
ment of the Institute for Church Mu- 
sic; pub. Chants de la Sainte-Cha- 
pelle (1849 ; 3rd ed., 1875) ; wrote sev- 
eral methods and other works on the 
history of music. (2) Edmond (1867-) : 
b. Paris; studied music at the Con- 
servatoire; d^but at Op^ra-Comique, 
1889; sang there for 21 years; has 
sung in most of the principal cities 
in Europe; at the Metropolitan Opera 
House, 1909-10; with the Boston Opera 
Company, 1911-13. 

CLEMENT, Pope. Ref.: VII. 89; 
IX 22 

CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA. 
Ref.: quoted, I. 141. 

CLEMENT y CAVEDO (1810-[?]): 
b. Gandia, Spain; organist and teach- 
er of music; pub. a text-book of music, 
Gramatica Musical: composed an op- 
era, a zarzuela and songs. 

CLEMENTI, Mnzlo (1752-1832) : b. 
Rome, d. Evesham, England; son of a 
goldsmith and musical amateur. He 
was taught by Antonio Buroni, maestro 
di cappella in a Roman church, and 
the organist Condicelli; subsequently 
he studied composition with Carpani 
and singing with Sartarelli, still later 
he finished his training in an English 
patron's home in Dorsetshire. At 9 
he secured an organist's post in com- 
petition with maturer players. At 18; 



Cliffe 

a thoroughly equipped pianist, he took 
London by storm. Three piano sonatas 
dedicated to Haydn (op. 2) were pub. 
in 1773 and earned the praise of C. P. 
E. Bach. C. was cembalist-conductor 
of the Italian Opera, 1777-80, and 
toured on the continent from 1781. In 
Vienna he met Mozart in competition, 
which was undecided, though C. after- 
wards imitated M.'s style, which was 
expressive rather than brilliant, thus 
acknowledging tlie master's superiority. 
For 20 years C. remained in London 
(1782-1802) except for a season in 
Paris; he taught, published his compo- 
sitions and established a successful 
piano-factory and publishing house 
(now Collard's), and incidentally be- 
came rich. He travelled for a time 
with his pupil, John Field (q.v.), who 
was but one of a number of distin- 
guished ones, including Cramer, 
Moscheles, Kalkbrenner, and Meyer- 
beer. His compositions (which were 
also a lucrative source of income) in- 
clude symphonies and overtures for or- 
chestra; 106 piano sonatas (46 with 
violin, 'cello, or flute) ; 2 duos for 2 
pianos; 6 piano duets; fugues, preludes 
and exercises in canon-form, toccatas, 
waltzes, variations, caprices. Points 
d'orgue, etc. (op. 19) ; also an Introduc- 
tion d Part de toucher le piano, avec 
50 lefons, etc. His Gradus ad Parnas- 
sum (1817), a great collection of Mudes, 
is still one of the acknowledged classics 
of piano pedagogy. It has been edited 
by Billow and others. Ref.: II. 106 
(footnote), 163; VIL 64, 98, 100, 112, 
117, 119tr, 143, 157; portrait, VII. 110. 

CLEMM, John (18th cent.) : early 
American organ builder. Ref,: VI. 496. 

CLEONICA, Greek dancer. Ref.: 
X. 70. 

CLEONIDES (2d cent.): a Greek 
writer on music whose treatise, Intro- 
ductio harmonica, was for many years 
thought to be the work of Euclid. 

CLEOPATRA, Ref.: (as dancer) 
X. 17f. 

CL£RAJ)IBAVLT, Louis Nicholas 
(1676-1749): b. Paris, d. there; com- 
poser; organist successively at the 
churches of St. Jacques, St. Louis, St. 
Cyr, and St. Sulpice; composed pieces 
for clavecin and organ, besides numer- 
ous cantatas. Ref.: VI. 444. 

CLEVB, Halfdan (1879- ): b. 
Kongsberg, Norway; studied In Chris- 
tiania and Berlin; pianist; composer of 
4 piano concertos, piano pieces and 
songs with orchestra. 

CLIFFE, Fredericfe (1857- ) : b. 
Lowmoor, Yorkshire; organist at Wyke 
Parish Church at the age of 11; stud- 
ied under Prout, Stainer and others; 
organist of the Bach Choir, 1888-94, 
and accompanist at Covent Garden and 
other London theatres; professor at 
the Royal Academy of Music, 1901; 
toured Australia 1898; South Africa 
1900 and 1903; composed a symphony 
in C minor, 1889, one in E minor. 



89 



Clifford 

1892, a symphonic poem, a concerto 
for violin and orchestra, songs and 
church music. 

CLIFFORD, Rev. James (1622- 
1698): b. Oxford, d. London; Senior 
Cardinal of St. Paul's; pub. 'A Col- 
lection of Divine Services and An- 
thems . . .' (1664). 

ClilFTOlV (1) John Charles (1781- 
1841); b. London, d. Hammersmith; 
studied with Bellamy and Wesley; 
taught and conducted in Bath, in Dub- 
lin and in London; invented the 
'Eidomusicon' ; prod, an opera 'Edwin' 
in Dublin (1815) ; pub. glees, songs, a 
theory of harmony and a 'Selection of 
British Melodies.' (2) Chalmers 
(1889- ): b. Jackson, Miss.; studied 
at Harvard University and Cincinnati 
Cons.; also with Vincent d'Indy and 
Gidalge in Paris; conductor of the Ce- 
cilia Society, Boston, since 1915; or- 
chestrated 20 of MacDowell's piano 
pieces; composed piano sonatas, songs, 
etc. (MS.) ; contributor to 'The Art of 
Music.' Ref.: IV. 442. 

CLIftTJOT, Franeols-Henrl (1728- 
1791) : b. Paris, d. there; French organ- 
builder in partnership with Pierre 
Dallery after 1765. 

CLOSSOIV, Brnest (1870- ): b. 
St. Josse ten Noode, near Brussels; 
assistant curator of museum at the 
Cons, in Brussels, professor there since 
1913; has written many musical and 
folklorlstic studies, the latter under the 
nom de plume Paul Antoine. 

CLiOUGH-LEIGHTER, Henry 
(1874- ) : b. Washington, D. C; com- 
poser; studied at Columbia and Trin- 
ity (Toronto) universities; organist of 
several churches in Washington and 
Providence; Instructor in musical ethics 
and theory, Howe School of Music, 
Boston (1900-1901) ; editorial staff, Oli- 
ver Dltson Co., Boston (1901-1908) ; 
editor-in-chief, Boston Music Co. (G. 
Schirmer, Boston), since 1908; has 
composed numerous songs, cycles, can- 
tatas and large' choral worts; piano 
iVoweHeHen and studies; pub. theoretical 
and technical works. Ref.: TV. 436f. 

CLUER, John (d. London, 1729) : 
English publisher and engraver of mu- 
sic; pub. Handel's Suites (1720), 9 of 
his Italian operas (1723-29) and a col- 
lection of opera songs. 

COATES, Eric: contemp. English 
song- writer: Ref.: III. 443. 

COBB, Gerard Francis (1838-1904) : 
b. Nettlestead, England; d. Cambridge; 
studied music in Dresden; president of 
Cambridge Music Society, 1874-84; 
chairman of the Board of Music Stud- 
ies, 1877-92; composed much sacred 
music, songs and ballads, also instru- 
mental pieces. 

COCCHI, Gioacchino (ca. 1715- 
1804): b. Padua, d. Venice; taught 
there; wrote 42 operas for Rome, Na- 
ples, Venice and London, where he 
conducted concerts and taught; also 2 
oratorios, etc. 



90 



Cohan 

COCCIA, Carlo (1782-1873) : b. Na- 
ples, d. Novara; pupil of Balente, Fena- 
roli, and Paisiello at Naples; became a 
prolific writer of operas; travelled 
through Italy, to Lisbon and London, 
to produce his almost 40 operas. He 
was maestro at Novara cathedral when 
he died. He also wrote masses, other 
sacred music, arias, duets, etc. Ref.: 
II. 503 (footnote). 

COCCON, Nicoia (1826-1903) : b. 
Venice, d. there; pianist; organist and 
composer; puh. much sacred music, 
including an oratoria, Saul, masses, a 
sacred melodrama, also 2 operas and 
an operetta. 

COCKS (Robert) & Co.i London i 
firm of music publishers established ' 
in 1823. In 1898 the business was 
transferred to Augener & Company. 
Their catalogue of publications con- 
tains 16,000 items. 

COENEIV (1) Johannes Meinardns 
(1824-1899): b. The Hague, d. Amster- 
dam; studied with Lubeck at Hague 
Cons. ; conducted the orchestra of the 
Dutch Theatre, Amsterdam, 1864; mu- 
nicipal musical director; founded the 
Palais Orchestra; composed cantatas, 
ballet music, symphonies, an opera 
and various Instrumental works. (2) 
Franz (1826-1904): b. Rotterdam, d. 
Leyden; studied with Vieuxtemps and 
Molique; gave tours as concert violin- 
ist; director in the Amsterdam Cons, 
to 1895 ; composed cantatas, a sym- 
phony, quartets and other works. (3) 
Willem (1837- ): b. Rotterdam; 
brother of (2) ; pianist, teacher and 
composer; the first musician to intro- 
duce Brahms' chamber music into 
England; wrote an oratorio 'Lazarus' 
(1878), piano music, songs, masses, 

COBRNE, I>onIs Adolphe (1870-) : 
b. Newark, N. J.; composer; stud- 
led under J. K. Paine, Franz Knel- 
sel, and Rheinberger; director of Ger- 
man-American singing societies and or- 
ganist in churches ; associate professor 
of music. Smith College (1903-1904), di- 
rector Cons, of Music, Olivet College 
(1909-1910) ; director School of Music, 
Univ. of Wisconsin (1910-15) ; professor 
of music, Connecticut College (1915-). 
He wrote 'Evolution of Modern Or- 
chestration' (1908) and composed a 
symphonic poem 'Hiawatha'; operas, 'A 
Woman of Marblehead' and 'Zenobia* 
(Bremen, 1905-06) ; melodrama, 'Sakun- 
tala'; Swedish Sonata for violin and 
piano; masses, choral works, etc. Ref.: 
IV. 343; mus. ex., XIV. 274. 

COFFEY, Charles (18th cent.) : 
adapted Jevon's 'The Devil of a Wife' 
(1686) into the ballad opera 'The Devil 
to Pay,' with melodies by Lord Roches- 
ter, Colley Cibber and others, which 
made a sensation in London, Berlin and 
New York. Ref.: H. 8f; IX. 79. 

COHAN, George M.: contemp. Amer. 
comedian and composer of musical 
comedies. Ref.: XV. 463. 



Cohen 

COHEN (1) Jules -£:mlle-DaTtd 

(1835-1901): b. Marseilles, d. Paris; 
studied at tlie Conservatoire ; taught 
there ; chorus-master at the Op6ra, 1877 ; 
composed many songs and piano pieces, 
also 4 operas, 3 cantatas and several 
masses, symphonies and oratorios. 
(2) See Lara, Isidoro de. 

OOINI, Jacques : contemp. stage man- 
ager active at Met. Opera House, New 
York. Ref.: IV. 157. 

COIiASSB, Pascal (1647-1709) : b. 
Rhelms, d. Versailles; pupil of Lully, 
whom he assisted by writing out the 
choral and orchestral parts of his op- 
eras from the figured bass and melody. 
He was afterwards accused of appro- 
priating scores which his master put 
aside as incomplete. He became mattre 
de la musique in 1683, royal chamber 
musician in 1696. A favorite of Louis 
XIV., he was privileged to produce op- 
eras at Lille. There the theatre burned, 
his opera Polyxene et Pyrrhus (1706) 
failed, and his mental powers were dis- 
rupted. He wrote 10 operas, including 
Les noces de TMtgs et Pelie (1689), also 
sacred and secular songs, Ref, : IX. 26. 

COIiBRAN, Isabella (19th cent.) : 
singer, wife of Rossini. Ref.: II, 184f. 

COLiBURIV, George (1878- ): b. 
Colton, N. Y. ; studied at the American 
Conservatory of Music, Chicago; taught 
there 1903-15, also at Northwestern Mil- 
itary Academy, 1902-15; cond. various 
musical societies; composed masques 
and pageants, incidental music and 
other works. 

COIiEl, Rossetter Gleason (1866-) : 
b. Clyde, Mich.; studied composition 
in Berlin under Max Bruch; has 
been professor of music at Ripon 
(Wis.) College, Grinnell College and 
University of Wisconsin ; professor of 
music Columbia University Summer 
Sessions (1908- ). Has composed 
cantatas. Ballade for 'cello and orches- 
tra, Fantasie Symphonique and Rhap- 
sody for organ, numerous other compo- 
sitions for voice, piano, organ, chorus 
and orchestra; also accompaniments 
for recitations. Ref.: rV. 384; VI. 384f, 
501; mus. ex., XIV. 256. 

COLERIDGE-TAYLOR, Samuel 

(1875-1912) : b. London, d. Thornton 
Heath; was son of a negro physician of 
Sierra Leone and of an Englishwoman; 
became choirboy at St. Mary Magdalen, 
Croydon; went to Royal College of 
Music in 1890; and in 1898 was teacher 
there and conductor of a string orches- 
tra. He took a prize in 1893 and stud- 
ied four years with Charles Villiers Stan- 
ford. C. has written a number of im- 
portant works, among them a symphony 
in A min. (1896) ; chamber music ; pieces 
for violin and piano; pieces for piano 
solo, a number of songs ('Southern 
Love Songs,' 'Seven African Romances'), 
and choral music, for which he is 
best known, including 'Hiawatha's 
Wedding' (1898) ; Los Gitanos, a can- 
tata-operetta; 'A Tale of Old Japan'; 



Combs 

and an oratorio, 'The Atonement' 
(1903). In addition he wrote an op- 
eretta, 'Dreamlovers' ; music to Herod 
(an orchestral suite) ; and an 'African 
Suite' for piano. Ref.: 111. 437; VI. 
215f, 370f; mus. ex., XIV. 186; portrait, 
VI. 202. 

COLLAN, Karl (1828-1871) : Finnish 
composer. Ref.: III. 100. 

COLLET, Heni-I (1885- ): b. 
Paris ; studied with Thibaut and Baris 
in Paris, and later with Olmeda in 
Madrid; composed El Escorial a sym- 
phonic poem, also songs and instru- 
mental music; wrote books and essays 
on 16th cent, music, etc. 

COLLINS: (1) writer of odes. Ref.: 
VI. 141. (2) Lottie (19th cent.) : Eng- 
lish dancer. Ref.: X. 189, 192f. 

COLOMBI, Giuseppe (1635-1694) : 
b. Modena, d. there; maestro di cap- 
pella of Modena Cathedral, instrumental 
composer {sinfonie da camera, suites, 
sonatas, etc.). 

COLONNA, Giovanni Paola (1637- 
1695): b. Bologna, d. there; studied 
with Filipuzzi, Carissimi, Benevoli and 
Abbatini; maestro di cappella of San 
Petronio ; composed much church mu- 
sic, 11 oratorios and 3 operas. 

COLONNE, fidouard (correctly Ju- 
das) (1838-1910) : b. Bordeaux, d. Paris; 
conductor; pupil of Girard and Sauzay, 
in violin, and of Elwart and Thomas 
in composition at the Conservatoire. 
He founded the famous Concerts du 
Chatelet in 1874 and in these produced 
the gigantic works of Berlioz, as well 
as many by modern German composers. 
He also directed the official concerts 
at the Exposition of 1878, and was 
conductor at the Opera, 1892. His work 
is being continued under other con- 
ductors by the orchestra bearing his 
name. 

COLUMBI, Vincenzo (16th cent.) : 
Ital. organ builder. Ref.: VI. 405. 

COIHBARIEU, Jules -L€on- Jean 
(1859- ) : b. Cahors, Lot; studied 
Paris; also with Spitta, Berlin; became 
professor at the lyceum Louis-le-Grand , 
Paris ; and is now professor of the 
history of music at the College of 
France and member of the Conseil su- 
perieur des beaux arts. C. has at- 
tracted attention through his musico- 
aesthetlc writings, especially Essat sar 
I'archeologie musicale au XIX' siicle 
et le problkme de I'origine des neumes 
(1896, awarded prize by Academy) ; La 
musique, ses lois, son Evolution (1906) ; 
Histoire de la Musique (Des origines k 
la mort do Beethoven, 2 vols., 1913, 
1914). C. also edited the Documents, 
memoires et voeux of the 1900 Interna- 
tional Music Congress at Paris and has 
contributed many essays of value to 
periodicals (Revue philosophique. Re- 
vue de Paris, etc.). Ref.: I. 410; VIIL 
57. 

COMBS, Gilbert Raynolds (1863-) : 
b. Philadelphia; noted organist and 
choirmaster in several Philadelphia 



91 



Comer 

churches; founded Broad Street Cons., 
Philadelphia, 1885; director there 
since that date. 

COMER, Tliomas (19th cent.) : Bos- 
ton musical pioneer. Ref.: IV. 188. 

COMETTANT, John-Plerre-Oscar 
(1819-1898) : b. Bordeaux, d. Montvil- 
liers; studied at the Conservatoire; 
directed a private musical institute 
for 20 years; wrote many books on 
the history of music and musicians 
published between 1860 and 1895; also 
composed piano pieces and songs. 

COMMER, Franz (1813-1887) : b. 
Cologne, d. Berlin ; studied in Cologne, 
and at Berlin with A. W. Bach (organ), 
A. B. Marx and Rungenhagen (compo- 
sition). He was charged with the ar- 
rangement of the library of the Royal 
Inst, for Church Music, made important 
historical researches, and edited collec- 
tions of old music which include Col- 
lectio operum masicorum, BatavoTum 
seeculi XV7. (12 vols.) ; Miisica sacra 
XVI, XV/I smculorum (26 vols.); Coll. 
de compositions pour I'orgue des XV/", 
XVII", XVni" Slides (in 6 parts), and 
Cantica sacra (l6th-18th cent., 2 vols.). 
He founded, with Kilster and Kullai, 
the Berlin Tonkilnstlerverein, was Royal 
Musikdirektor, Professor, Senator of 
the Berlin Academy and president of 
the Gesellschaft fiir Musikforschung. 
He composed music for Aristophanes' 
'Frogs,' and Sophokles' 'Elektra'; 
masses, cantatas, and choruses; was 
choirmaster at the (Cath.) Hedwigs- 
kirche and vocal teacher at several 
schools. Ref.: VI. 425 (footnote). 

COMPEXIUS (1) Helnrieh (b. Nord- 
hausen, 1540) : organ builder; built the 
cathedral organ at Magdeburg (1604), 
etc. He composed Chrisfliche Har~ 
monia a 5 (1572). (2) Esajas: son of 
Heinrich (1), w^as also a famous organ 
builder in Brunswick, and invented the 
organ stop called Duiflote. 

COMPERE, lionls (late 15th cent.) : 
b. Flanders, d. St. Quentin; chorister, 
canon and chancellor of St. Quentin 
Church; noted contrapuntist. Only 
twenty-one of his motets exist in col- 
lections (pub. 1501, 1503, 1519, 1541). 

CONCONE, Giuseppe (ca. 1810-1861) : 
b. Turin, d. there; vocal teacher in 
Paris, 1832-48; at the time of his 
death organist of the court choir at 
Turin. He is famous as the composer 
of excellent solfeggi, issued in 5 vols. 
(50 Leziont, 30 Esercizi, 25 Lezioni, 15 
Vocalizzi, and 40 Lezioni per Basso). 
He also wrote 2 operas, vocal scenes, 
duets and songs. 

CONFUCIUS. Ref. : X. 33, 38. 

COJflNCK, Jacques-FSlix de (1791- 
1866): b. Antwerp, d. near Brussels; 
pianist; founded th« 'Soci^ti d'Har- 
monie'; comp. concertos and sonatas 
for piano. 

CO^'RADI (1) Johann Georg (17th 
cent. ) : Kapellmeister at Ottingen ; one 
of the earliest German opera com- 
posers; prod, operas for the Hamburg 



92 



Converse 

theatre, 1691-1693. (2) August (1821- 
1873): b. Berlin, d. there; composer, 
for many years a friend of Liszt at 
Weimar; Kapellmeister at Stettin, Ber- 
lin, Diisseldorf and Cologne; prod. 
operas in Berlin between the years 
1847 and 1868. 

CONRIED, Heinrlcli (1855-1909) : b. 
Blelitz, d. Meran. He was an actor 
at the Burgtheater, Vienna, in 1873; 
came to the German Theatre in New 
York, 1878; succeeded Amberg as man- 
ager of the Irving Place Theatre, 1892; 
and assumed the direction of the Met- 
ropolitan Opera House in 1901 as Grau's 
successor; the first to produce Parsifal 
outside of Bayreuth (1903-04 at the 
Metropolitan Opera House, New York). 
Ref.: IV. 149ff. 

CONSOIiO, Federigo (1841-1906) : 
b. Ancona, d, Florence; violin virtu- 
oso; studied with Giorgetti in Flor- 
ence, Vieuxtemps in Brussels, also with 
Fetis and Liszt; wrote 'Oriental Suites,' 
'Hebraic Melodies' and concertos for 
both violin and piano; also pub. a 
work on the modern notation of 
neumes. 

CONSTANTINE. See Konstantine. 

CONTI (1) Francesco Bartolommeo 
(1681-1732) : b. Florence, d. Vienna, 
where he was first theorbist, then com- 
poser to the court. He wrote 16 op- 
eras, incl. Don Chisciotte in Sierra 
Morena (Vienna, 1719 ; Hamburg, 1722) ; 
also 13 feste teatrali (serenades), 9 
oratorios, and over 50 cantatas. (2) 
(called Continl), Ignazio (1699-1759): 
b. Florence, d. Vienna; son and 
successor of Francesco (1). He wrote 
oratorios, cantatas, masses, serenades, 
etc., of little merit. (3) Gioaechino 
(surnamed Gizziello after his teacher, 
Domenico Gizzi) (1714-1761) : b. Ar- 
pino, d. Rome; "was celebrated as so- 
pranist all over Italy, also in London, 
where he made common cause with 
Handel against the opposition. He also 
sang in Madrid, Lisbon, etc. (4) 
Carlo (1797-1868) : b. Arpino, d. Na- 
ples ; pupil of Tritto, Fenaroli and 
Zingarelli at Naples; later of Simon 
Mayr. He was professor of counter- 
point (1846-58), and later vice-director 
of Naples Cons., and taught Bellini, 
Buonamici, Lillo, Florimo, Marchetti, 
Andreatinl, etc. He composed 11 op- 
eras, incl. L'Olimpia (Naples, 1829) ; 
also church-music, songs, etc. (5) 
Prince, 18th cent. French amateur. 
Ref.: IL 68. (6) Giacinto (1815-1895): 
b. Brescia, d. there; violinist and com- 
poser; pupil of his father, Defendente 
C; director of ballet, then of opera, 
at Brescia. He composed duets and 
symphonies for his pupils in the In- 
stituto Filarmonico Venturi. 

CONVERSE (1) Charles Crozat 
(1832- ) : b. Warren, Mass., pupil of 
Richter and Plaidy at Leipzig Cons., 
lawyer; composed under the pen name 
of Karl Redan, an 'American Concert- 
overture' (on 'Hail Columbia') for orch. 



Cook 

(1869); Fest-Ouvertiire (1870); 6 Ger- 
man Songs (Leipzig, 1856) ; a cantata, 
vocal quartets, etc., 2 symphonies, 2 
oratorios, several overtures, quartets, 
and quintets for strings, chorals, etc. 
(in MS.). Ref.: IV. 357. (2) Frederick 
Shepherd (1871- ) : b. Newton, 
Mass.; pupil of Royal Academy of Mu- 
sic, Munich; taught harmony at New 
England Cons.; assistant professor of 
music. Harvard Univ., 1904-07. He 
composed a fantasy for orch. (*The 
Mystic Trumpeter*), a symphonic poem 
('Ormazd'), 2 operas, 'The Pipe of De- 
sire' (1906, perf. in Boston and New 
York), and 'The Sacrifice'; cantatas, 
piano music, songs, etc. Ref.: IV. 154, 
227, 377ff; VI. 383f; mus. ex., XIV. 277; 
portrait, IV. 368. , 

COOK (1) [Capt.] James. Ref.: I. 
16f, 23. (2) Will Marion: contempo- 
rary American (negro) composer. Ref.: 
IV. 443f. 

COOKE (1) Benjamin (1734-1793): 
b. London, d. there; pupil of Pepusch 
and his master's successor as conductor 
at the Academy of Ancient Music; 
later choirmaster, lay-vicar, and organ- 
ist (1762) of Westminster Abbey; or- 
ganist of St. Martin's-in-the-Field, 1782. 
Mus. D., Cantab, and Oxon. He com- 
posed glees, canons and catches, for 
which he took several Catch Club 
prizes, also odes, instrumental con- 
certos, church music, organ and harpsi- 
chord pieces. Ref.: VI. 472. (2) 
James Francis (1875- ) : b. Bay 
City, Michigan; studied music in 
various conservatories in United States 
and Europe; organist and teacher 
of music in Brooklyn; director of 
the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and 
Sciences since 1907; has contributed 
articles to German musical magazines; 
editor of 'The Etude'; pub. piano pieces 
and songs, author of 'A Standard His- 
tory of Music' (1910), and 'Great Pi- 
anists on Piano Playing' (1914). 

COPEKARIO, John (17th cent.) : 
composer of music for masques, etc. 
Ref.: X. 84. 

COPIOIiA, Galeria, Roman dancer. 
Ref.: X. 77. 

COPPET, Edward J. de (1855- 
1916): b. New York, d. there; founder 
of the Flonzaley Quartet, composed of 
Adolf o Betti, 1st violin, Alfred Pon- 
chon, 2d violin, Ugo Ara, viola, and 
Ivan d'Archambeau, 'cello, who since 
1902 have given chamber-music con- 
certs in Europe and United States. 

COPPOIiA, Ptetro Antonio (1793- 
1877): b. Sicily, d. Catania; studied 
at the Naples Cons.; contemporary and 
rival of Rossini; prod. 15 operas be- 
tween the years 1816 and 1850; his 
first successful one, Nina pazza per 
amore, was prod, in Rome, 1835; con- 
ducted Lisbon Royal Opera, 1839-42; 
also composed much church music. 

COQ,tJARD, Arthur (1846-1910) : b. 
Paris, d. Noirmoutier, La Vendee; com- 
poser; pupil of C6sar Franck; professor 



CoreUi 

of music at the Institut National des 
Jeunes Aveugles; music critic for Le 
Monde, L'Echo de Paris, etc. His com- 
positions include the operas L'epie da 
roi (in 2 acts, prod. Aiigers, 1884), Le 
mart d'un Jour (1886), L'oiseaa bleu 
(1894), La Jacquerie (1st act by Lalo, 
1895), Jahel (1900), and La troupe Joli- 
coeur (1902) ; songs with piano. Chant 
de I'ipie for baritone and orchestra 
(1876), an orchestral suite, a legend 
for violin, a 'cello serenade, etc. Ref.: 
H. 471; V. 319. 

CORDAVrS, Bartolommeo (1700- 
1757): b. Venice, d. Udine; maestro 
at Udine cathedral ;comp. a great amount 
of church music; prod. 3 operas In 
Venice, 1729-31. 

CORr»EL,L,A, Giacomo (1783-1847) : 
b. Naples, d. there; studied with Fena- 
roli and Paisiello; professor of sol- 
feggio at the Naples Cons.; comp. 
many operas, 19 of which were pro- 
duced in Naples. 

CORDER (1) Frederick (1852-) : ^ 
b. London; composer, teacher; curator 
of the Royal Acad, of Music (of which 
he is a fellow) since 1890; founded 
Society of British Composers (1905) 
and the publishing firm of Charles Avi- 
son (1906) ; has composed choral 
works, an opera, 'Nordisa,' and numer- 
ous works for orchestra, songs, etc. 
Ref.: III. 421. (2) Paul (1879- ): b. 
London; studied at the Royal Academy 
of Music; professor of harmony and 
composition there, 1907; comp. sev- 
eral operas, an overture, a ballet and 
other music. 

CORELLI, Areangelo (1653-1713) : 
b. Fusignano, n. Imola, d. Rome; was a 
pupil of Giov. Batt. Bassani in violin, 
and of Matteo Simonelll In counter- 
point. After travelling and holding 
various positions C. came under the 
patronage of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, 
in Rome, at whose palace his concerts 
were highly esteemed. His first work 
was published in 1863. Also famous 
as teacher, he gathered such eminent 
pupils as Baptiste Anet, Geminiani, 
Locatelli, and G. and L. Somis. After 
repeated overtures made by the king, 
C. went to the court of Naples, and 
gave a very successful concert, but on 
his second trip failed to please, and 
otherwise lost the king's favor. He 
returned to Rome, mortified, and found 
a mediocre violinist, Valentini, in his 
place of favor with the public, which 
disappointment caused his decline and 
retirement. C. not only laid the foun- 
dation of good violin technique, but 
established the classic standard in vio- 
lin composition. His Concertt grossi, 
the greatest of his works, were pub. 
shortly before his death. Many works 
pub. under his name are spurious, but 
the following are accepted as authentic: 
12 Suonate a ire, due violini e violon- 
cello, col basso per I'organo, op. 1 
(1683) ; 12 Suonate da camera a tre, due 
violini, violoncello, e violone o cem- 



93 



Corey 

balo, op. 2 (1685); 12 Suonate a tre, 
due violini e arciliuto col basso per 
I'organo, op. 3 (1690) ; 12 Suonate da 
camera a tre, due violini e violone o 
cembalo, op. 4 (1694) ; 12 Suonate a 
violono e violone o cembalo, op. 5 
(1700) (later arr. by Geminiani as 
Concern grossi) ; Concern grossi con 
due violini e violoncello di concertino 
obbligato, e due altri violini, viola e 
basso di concerto grosso ad arbitrio, 
che si possono raddoppiare, op. 6 
(1712). C.'s works have been frequent- 
ly reprinted, nnore recently in editions 
by Pepusch (op. 1-4, and op. 6, Lon- 
don) ; and by Joachim, (op. 1 and 2, 
in Chry Sander's Denkmaler). Ref.: I. 
375, (life) 394^, 446, 452, 472; II. 51; 
III. 385; VII. 6, 37, 93, 389, 392, (works) 
396/r, 412, 427, 428, 480, 481; Vin. 85; 
mus. ex., Xni. 90; portrait, VII. 398. 

COREY, Newton J. (1861- ): b. 
Hillsdale, Michigan; organist of the 
Fort St. Presbyterian Church; musical 
editor of 'Saturday Night,' contributor 
to *The Etude*; has given many lecture 
recitals. 

CORNELIUS, Peter (1824-1874) : b. 
Mayence, d. there ; began life as an 
actor; then studied with Dehn at Ber- 
lin (1845-52), and went to Weimar to 
join Liszt's circle, being an ardent 
champion of Wagner and contributing 
frequently to the Neue Zeitschrift fur 
Musik. Liszt produced his opera, Der 
Barbier von Bagdad, in Weimar in 
1858, but it encountered such bitter 
opposition that it caused Liszt's de- 

ftarture from the town. The "work was 
ater successfully prod, in Dresden, 
Coburg, Hamburg, and elsewhere. 
Joining Wagner, C. followed the mas- 
ter to Munich (1865), and there be- 
came reader to King Ludwig II., and 
professor of harmony and rhetoric at 
the Royal Music School. He prod, an- 
other opera, Der Cid, at Weimar in 
1865; a third, Gunlod, based on the 
Edda, remained unfinished and was 
completed by Lassen (prod. Strassburg, 
1892). C. also wrote a song cycle, duets 
(sop. & bar.), Weihnachtslieder (op. 8), 
Trauerchore for male voices (op. 9), 
and Lyrische Poesien (1861). C. wrote 
the text for his operas, and was a 
talented poet and translator. Ref. : II. 
380f; m. viii, 235f, 239, 245; V. 298, 
(songs) 3021f; IX. xiv, (opera) 418f, 
420, 497; mus. ex., XIH. 350. 

CORNELIUS SEVERUS, Roman 
poet (18th cent. B. C). Ref.: VL 399. 
CORONARO (1) Gaetano (1852- 
1908; : b. Vicenza, d. Milan; violinist 
and composer; studied with Faccio at 
the Milan Cons.; professor of har- 
mony and composition there; prod. 3 
operas, also wrote some instrumental 
music. (2) Antonio (1860- ) : b. 
Vicenza; brother of (1); prod. 2 op- 
eras, Seili (1880) and Falco di Cala- 
bria (1903): (3) Gellio Benvenuto 
(1863- ): b. Vicenza; brother of 
(1) and (2); pianist and composer; 



94 



Costa 

studied at the Liceo Rossini, Bologna, 
where he won the first prize with the 
opera Jolanda, prod, at the Milan 
Cons., 1889. His other works include 
a dramatic sketch, Festa a Marina 
(Venice, 1893) and 3 other operas prod, 
in Milan and Messina; comp. masses, 
songs, piano pieces, etc. 

CORRB, Joseph (18th cent.) : Amer. 
musical pioneer. Ref.: IV. 67. 

CORRI, Domeuico (1744-1825) : b. 
Rome, d. London; studied with Por- 
pora; prod. 2 operas; founded a music 
publishing house, 1797; pub. a musi- 
cal dictionary (1798), other musical 
text-books, and much vocal music. 

CORSI, Jacopo (b. ca. 1560) : Floren- 
tine nobleman and patron of art, in 
whose palace, as in that of his friend 
Bardi, were held the memorable meet- 
ings of the camerata (incl. Peri, Cac- 
cini, Emllo de' Cavalieri, Galilei, Ri- 
nuccini, etc.) which inaugurated the 
era of monody and originated the opera. 
As a skillful player on the gravicem- 
balo, C. himself assisted in the per- 
formance of the new music. Ref.: I. 
329ff; IX. 8. 

CORTBCCIA, Francesco Bernardo 
di (early 16th cent.-1571) : b. Arezzo, d. 
Florence; was organist at San Lorenzo, 
1531; maestro di cappella to Duke 
Cosimo the Great, 1541-71. Of his 
compositions 9 pieces, in 4, 6, and 8 
parts (Venice, 1539) ; 3 books of madri- 
gals (1545, '47, '47) ; Responses and 
Lessons (1570) : 32 Hymns in 4 parts; 
Canticorum liber primus (1571), have 
been preserved. His intermedias to 
dramas are notable. Ref.: VII. 376. 

CORTESI, Francesco (1826-1904): 
b. Florence, d. there; studied with 
Rossini; vocal teacher, conductor and 
composer; prod, operas in Rome, Flor- 
ence and Trieste from 1852 to 1881. 

CORTOPASSI, Domenico (b. 1875) : 
Italian opera composer. Ref.: III. 384. 

CORTOT, Alfred-Denis (1877- ) : 
b. Nyon, Switzerland; studied at the 
Conservatoire, Paris; specialized in the 
study of Wagner's works; conducted 
the French premiere of Gotterdam- 
merung, 1902; toured France, Germany, 
England and other European countries; 
professor at the Conservatoire since 
1907. 

COSSMANN, Bernhard (1822-1910): 
b. Dessau, d. Frankfort; noted 'cellist; 
member of the Op^ra orchestra, Paris, 
1840; professor at the Moscow Cons., 
1866, and later professor of 'cello at 
the Frankfort Cons. 

COSSOUL, Gulllierme Antonio 
(1828-1880): b. Lisbon, d. there; 'cel- 
list, composer and teacher; director 
of the Cons, at Lisbon after 1863; 
comp. several comedies, much church 
music and instrumental music. 

COSTA (1) [Sir] Michael (original- 
ly Mlchele) (1808-1884) : b. Naples, d. 
Brighton, England; studied under 
Zingarelli; composed for the theatre 
in Naples; sent by Zingarelli to Eng- 



Cosyn 

land in 1829, and there spent the rest 
of his life. He was operatic conductor 
in London; director of the Philhar- 
monic Society and the Sacred Har- 
monic Society; conductor of the new 
Italian opera, Covent Garden; conduct- 
ed Birmingham, Bradford, Leeds and 
Handel Festivals; was director of mu- 
sic, composer and conductor at Her 
Majesty's opera; composed operas, ora- 
torios, etc. Ref.: VI. 139, 283f. (2) 
Carlo (1826-1888): b. Naples, d. there; 
teacher of theory in the Cons, at 
Naples. (3) Mario (1838- ): b. 
Taranto; wrote two pantomimes and a 
number of popular songs, mostly in 
the Neapolitan dialect. Ref.: VII. 401. 

COSYN, Benjamin (17th cent.) : Eng- 
lish composer of lessons for virginals. 
His name is given to a virginal-book 
containing 95 pieces for virginals by 
himself, Orlando Gibbons and others. 
Ref.: VII. 18. 

COTTA, Johann (1794-1868): b. 
Ruhla, d. Willerstedt; comp. Was ist 
des Deutschen Vaterland? 

COTTLOW, Augusta (1878- ): 
b. Shelbyville, Illinois; concert pian- 
ist; dibut Chicago, 1888; studied in 
Berlin, 1896; toured Europe; appeared 
at the Worcester Festival, 1900; solo- 
ist with the Boston Symphony Orches- 
tra, 1902. 

COTTO (or Cottonlns), Johannes 
(llth-12th cent.) : early writer on mu- 
sic, whose treatise Epistola ad Ful- 
gentium reprinted in Gerbert's Scrip- 
toreSf contains valuable information on 
the beginnings of notation and on sol- 
misation. Ref.: I. 172f. 

COTTON, John. Ref.: IV. 17, 20f. 

COUCY, Regnault, Chatelain de, d. 
Palestine, 1192; troubadour who ac- 
companied Richard Coeur de Lion to 
the Holy Land. Of his poems (MSS. of 
which are in the Bibliothique Na- 
tionale) several modem versions have 
been pub., of which the Chansons da 
Chatelain de Coney, by Francisque- 
Michel (Paris, 1830), is the most valu- 
able. 

COTJPBRIIV (1) Louis (1630-1665): 
d. Paris; dessus de vide to Louis XIII; 
died as organist of St. Gervais. Com- 
posed 3 suites of clavecin pieces 
(MS.). (2) Francois Sieur de Croull- 
ly (1631-1701) : brother of (1) : pupil 
of Cihambonni^res ; was organist of St. 
Gervais, 1679-98. Wrote Piices d'orgue 
consistantes en deux messes, etc. 
(MS.). (3) Charles (1638-1669); or- 
ganist at St.-Gervais as successor to 
his brother Francois (2), 1665. (4) 
Fran<;ols (surnamed le Grand, be- 
cause of his superiority in organ-play- 
ing) (1668-1733): b. Paris, d. there; 
son of Charles (3). He was a pupil of 
the organist, Louis-Jacques Thomelin; 
successor to his uncle Francois (2) at 
Saint-Gervais, 1698; elaveciniste de la 
chambre da roi, et organiste de sa 
chapelle, 1701. C. is acknowledged by 
eminent critics to be the first great 



Coussemaker 

composer for the harpsichord specifical- 
ly, since, unlike his predecessors, he 
wrote only for that instrument; thus 
he may be regarded as the founder of 
a new art. His manner of writing was 
peculiar because of his effort to repro- 
duce the pieces as he played them, 
with all the ornaments, etc. He pub. 
4 Livres de piices de clavecin (Paris, 
1713, 1716, 1722, and 1730), of which 
the third contains 4 concerts a I'usage 
de toutes series d'instruments ; Les 
Gouts reunis, ou Noaveaax Concerts, 
etc. (1724) ; L'Apothiose de I'incom- 
parable, etc. [LuUi] ; Legons des 
tenibres a une et deux voix; L'art de 
toucher da clavecin (1717), also trios. 
Ref.: I. 398, ilOff, 485; II. 60, 351; VIL 
8, 36, 41, 51tr, 63, 86, 207, 267f, 398, 
484; VIU. 285; mus. ex., XIH. 100, 102; 
portrait, VII. 110. (5) Nicliolas (1680- 
1748): b. Paris, d. there; son of 
(2) ; organist of St. Gervais. (6) 
Armand-Louls (1772-1789) : b. Paris, 
d. there; son of (5); organist to the 
king, of St. Gervais, St. Barthilemy, 
Ste.-Marguerite, and one of the four 
organists of Notre-Dame. He was a 
brilliant virtuoso, and wrote much 
technically good but otherwise medi- 
ocre music (sonatas, trios, church- 
music). (7) EUsabetli-Antolnette 
(nie Blanchet), wife of Armand- 
Louis (6), was a remarkable organist 
and claveclnist, who played up to the 
age of 81. (8) Flerre-Louis (d. 
1789) : assistant to his father, Armand- 
Louis (6) at St. Gervais. (9) Gervais- 
Fran<;ois (d. after 1823) : son of 
Armand-Louis (6) and his successor 
at St. Gervais. He was the last of the 
famous family, but hardly did justice 
to the great tradition. 

COTJPPEY. See Le Couppey. 

COTJRTOIS, Jean (early 16th cent.) : 
noted contrapuntist; comp. motets, 
masses and psalms. 

COIJRVOISIER, Karl (1846- ) : 
b. Basel; violinist; studied at Leip- 
zig Cons, and in Berlin; conductor of 
the DUsseldorf Theatre orchestra; 
taught at Liverpool since 1885; comp. a 
symphony, concertos and other instru- 
mental music; has pub. various books 
on violin technique. 

COUSSEMAKER, Charles-Edmond- 
Henrl de (1805-1876) : b. Bailleul, 
Nord, d. Bourbourg; famous music his- 
torian and editor; studied law at 
Paris with Pellegrini and harmony 
with Payer and Reicha, later counter- 
point with V. Lefebvre at Douai. He 
composed some music in leisure hours, 
iDut pub. only some songs and ro- 
mances. While acting as judge in 
Hazebrouck, Dunkercjue, and Lille he 
pursued historico-musical research. 
Among his highly valuable publica- 
tions are: Memoire sur Hucbald 
(Paris, 1841) ; Notices sur les collec- 
tions musicales de la bibliothique de 
Cambrai, etc. (1843) ; Essai sur les in- 
struments de musique an moyen Age 



95 



Cousser 

(illustrated) ; Histoire de I'harmonie 
an moyen dge (1852) ; 3 chants his- 
toriques (1854) ; Chants populaires des 
Flamands de France (1856) ; Drames 
liturgiques du moyen dge (1861) ; Les 
harmonistes de XII^ et XIII' siicles 
(1864), and Scriptores de musica 
mediiwvi, nova series (1864-76, 4 vols.), 
intended to supplement Gerbert's Scrip- 
tores. He also edited L'art harmonique 
aux XII" et XUI" siicles (1865), and 
CEuvres completes d'Adam de la Halle 
(1872). 

COUSSER. See Kusseb. 

COTJ-WEIVBERGH, H. V.: author 
of articles on the organ. Ref.: VI. 
409. 

COWARD, Henry (1849- ) : b. 
Liverpool; conductor; lecturer on music 
at Sheffield University; conductor of 
Sheffield Musical Union, Leeds Choral 
Union, Huddersfleld Festival Choral 
Society, Newcastle and Gateshead 
Choral Society, and various festivals; 
has composed cantatas, anthems, glees, 
etc.; Mus. Doc, Oxon. Ref.; IIL 422; 
VL 368. 

CO'WEN, [Sir] Frederic Hymen 
(1852- ) : b. Kingston, Jamaica; 
English composer; was a pupil of Bene- 
dict and Goss in London; of Haupt- 
mann, Moscheles, Reinecke, Richter, 
and Plaidy, at Leipzig, and Kiel at 
Berlin. He was director of the Edin- 
burgh Academy of Music in 1882; con- 
ductor of the Liverpool Philharmonic, 
1887; mus. director of the Melbourne 
Centennial Exhibition (1888-9) ; con- 
ductor of the Liverpool Philharmonic, 
and of the Manchester Concerts. He 
composed 2 operettas, 4 operas, 3 ora- 
torios ('The Deluge,' 'Ruth' And 'The 
Veil'), 8 cantatas and other choral 
works, 6 symphonies, 4 orchestral 
suites, 3 overtures, an Indian Rhap- 
sody, a sinfonietta, a ballet suite, a 
piano concerto, a piano Konzertsttick, 
a piano trio, a piano quartet, over 300 
songs and piano pieces. Ref.: IIL xiv, 
415, il8; V. 327; VI. 314, 369f. 

CRABBfi, Armand (1884- ) : b. 
Brussels; dramatic baritone; studied 
at the Brussels Cons.; debut at the 
Kursaal, Ostend; sang at Covent Gar- 
den, Metropolitan Opera House, also in 
Philadelphia and Boston. 

CRAEJT, Nikolaus (16th cent.) : 
singer in Bruges (1504) ; composer of 
motets, some few of which are pre- 
served. 

CRAIG, Gordon. Ref.: (cited) X. 
214. 

CRAMER (1) Johann Baptist (1771- 
1838) : b. Mannheim, d. London, where 
he lived since infancy. He was his 
father's pupil in violin, piano and har- 
mony, but later stud, with Benser 
Schroeter, Clementi and C. F. Abel, 
and was chiefly self-taught as a com- 
poser. He travelled as piano virtuoso, 
beginning in 1788, playing in most 
European capitals. Together with Ad- 
dison he established a music-publish 



96 



OescentinI 

ing house (now Cramer & Co.), in 1828, 
managing it until 1842. He spent much 
time in Paris in his later years. His 
writings include Grosse praktische 
Pianoforte-Schule, in 5 parts, of which 
the last contains the great 84 ]£tudes 
(op. 30), of which Bulow edited a fine 
selection of fifty, and A. Henselt an- 
other selection, with accompaniment of 
a second piano. These etudes are still 
considered a technical classic. Die 
Schule der Fingerfertigkeit (op. 100) 
is also a valuable part of the same 
work. He also composed 7 piano con- 
certos, 105 piano sonatas, and many 
other piano pieces; 1 piano quartet 
(op. 28), and 1 piano quintet (op. 
61). Ref.: II. 259; VIL 64, 132, 176, 
178, 285, 318. (2) Karl Frledrlch 
(1752-1807) : b. Quedlinburg, d. Paris ; 
professor at Kiel. He pub. Flora 
(piano pieces and songs), Polyhymnia 
(operas in piano score), and the 
Magazin filr Musik (1783-89), all with 
critical prefaces; also a Kurze Vbersicht 
der Geschichte der franzosischen Musik 
(1786), and transl. Rousseau's writings 
into German. (3) VirUhelm (1745- 
1799): b. Mannheim, d. London; was 
a pupil of Stamitz the elder, and 
Cannabich, a member of the Mannheim 
orchestra, 1761-72, and conductor of 
the King's Band in London; later leader 
at the Opera, Pantheon and other con- 
certs in Paris; also conducted the Han- 
del Festivals (1784 and 1787), and the 
Gloucester Festival (1799). He wrote 
8 violin concertos, trios and violin 
solos. Ref.: VII. 418. (4) Franz: b. 
Munich, 1786; flutist, nephew of WU- 
helm; first flute in the Munich orches- 
tra and composer of flute concertos, 
variations, etc. 

CRANACH, Lncas (16th cent.): 
German painter. Ref.: VI. 427. 

CRANG & HANCOCK (18th cent.) : 
London organ builders. 

CRANZ, August Heinrich (1789- 
1870) : founder of music publishing 
firm in 1813 at Hamburg. It was ex- 
tended by his son Al^vyn (b. 1834) and 
his grandson, Oskar, until to-day it 
has branches in Vienna, Brussels, 
London and Leipzig. 

CRAYWINCKEL, Ferdinand Man- 
uel de (1820- ) : b. Madrid; from 
1825 an inhabitant of Bordeaux, where 
he studied with Bellon and became a 
composer of masses, motets and other 
church music. 

CRECaUILIiON (or Cr£qnllIon), 
Thomas ([?]-1557): b. near Ghent(?), 
d. B^thume; an eminent contrapuntist; 
maestro to Charles V of Spain ca. 1544- 
47; later canon at Namur, Termonde 
and Bethune. He wrote masses, motets, 
cantiones, and 4-, 5- and 6-part chan- 
sons, which rank high among the music 
of the period. Ref.: VI. 421. 

CRESCENTINI, Girolamo (1766- 
1846) : b. Urbania, d. Naples; mezzo- 
soprano; d^but in Rome, 1783; pro- 
fessor of singing in the Royal Cons, of 



Cressent 

Naples, 1816; pub. collections of ari- 
ettas, and a treatise on vocalization, 

CRESSENT, Auatole (1824-1870) : b. 
Argenteuil, d. Paris; lawyer and music 
dilettante who left 100,000 francs as 
a fund for a prize to be given 
every three years to the writer of the 
libretto and score of an opera (prix 
Cressent) . 

CRISTOFORI, BartoIomme» (incor- 
rectly called Crlstofali and Cristo- 
fanl) (1653-1731) : b. Padua, d. Flor- 
ence; inventor of the first practical 
hammer-action for keyboard-instru- 
ments. After working in Padua as a 
clavicembali maker, he removed to 
Florence about the year 1690, when he 
had (according to Maffei) already made 
3 gravecembali col piano e forte, which 
had, instead of the usual jack plucking 
the strings with quills, a row of little 
hanuners striking the strings from be- 
lo'w. The hammer-action was adopted 
in principle by Gottfried Silbermann, 
the Streichers, and by Broadwood, be- 
cause of which it is called the 'English* 
action. The new instrument was named 
Piano-forte by its inventor. C. was 
made instrument-maker to Prince Fer- 
dinando de' Medici in 1716, and on the 
latter's death, custodian of the court 
collection of instruments by Cosimo 
m. Ref.: VII. 155. 

CRIVELIil (1) Arcanselo (1546- 
1617): b. Bergamo; tenor singer in 
Papal Chapel, 1583; comp. masses, 
psalms and motets. (2) Giovanni 
Battlsta ([?1-1682): b. Scandiano, d. 
Modena; maestro di cappella to the 
court of Ferrara, also at Modena and 
Bergamo; pub. motets and madrigals. 
(3) Gaetano (1774-1836): b. Ber- 
gamo, d. Brescia; famous tenor; sang 
on all the principal stages of Italy, 
also in Paris and London. (4) Do- 
menlco (1793-1857) : b. Brescia, d. 
London ; composer. 

CROCE, Giovanni della (sumamed 
'il Chiozotto') (ca. 1560-1609) : b. 
Chioggia, d. Venice; pupil of Zarlino; 
chorister and (1603) maestro at San 
Marco. He composed a number of im- 
portant works, including Sonatas a 5 
(1580) ; a S (2 vols., 1509, 1590) ; mad- 
rigals a 5 (2 vols., 1585, 1588) ; Triacca 
masicale (caprices, or humorous songs 
in Venetian dialect, a 4-7), his most 
popular work, containing famous ex- 
amples of descriptive (program) mu- 
sic (cf. Jannequin), experienced 4 edi- 
tions (1597-1609) ; also madrigals a 5-6 
(1590, 1607) ; Cantiones sacrae a 8, can- 
zonette a i (1595); masses; Lamenta- 
tions, Magnificats, Vesper psalms, etc. 
A selection of his church-music en- 
titled Musica sacra, Penetentials for 6 
voyces, with English words, was pub. 
in London (1608). Ref.: VI. 70. 

CROCHB, Monslenr, pen name for 
Claude Debussy. Ref.: III. 332. 

CROES, Henri Jacquea (1705-1786) : 
b. Antwerp, d. Brussels; violinist, 
church conductor in Antwerp, Ratisbon 



Criiger 

and Brussels, composer of instrumental 
and church music. 

CROFT (or Crofts), V^lIUam (1678- 
1727) : b. Nether-Eatington, Warwick- 
shire, d. Bath; chorister in the Chapel 
Royal, under Dr. Blow; Gentleman of 
Chapel Royal, 1700, and later organist 
(at first jointly with J. Clarke) ; or- 
ganist of Westminster Abbey, Master of 
the Children, composer to the Chapel 
Royal in 1708. He wrote anthems, vio- 
lin sonatas, flute sonatas, etc. His 
Musica sacra (30 anthems, 2 vols., 
1724) was the first church music en- 
graved on plates in England. Ref.: 
VI. 451. 

CROGER, T. R. Ref.: (cited) VHI. 
478. 

CROISEZ, Alexander (1816- ) : b. 
Paris; composer and writer. 

CROMER (1) Jose Antonio (1826- 
1888) : b. Lisbon, d. there; solo flutist 
at the San Carlo Theatre, teacher of 
flute at the Conservatory. (2) Raphael 
Jos6 (1828-1884) : b. Lisbon, d. Cas- 
caes; performer jon the clarinet, the 
saxophone and the oboe. 

CROMWELL, Oliver. Ref.: TV. 13; 
VL 452. 

CROTCH, William (1775-1847): b. 
Norwich, d. Taunton; English organist 
and composer; became assistant to Dr. 
Randall, organist of Trinity and King's 
Colleges, Cambridge, at age of 11; or- 
ganist of Christ Church, Oxford, 1790, 
of St. John's College and professor of 
music, Oxford Univ. (1797) ; music lec- 
turer at the Royal Institute, London 
(1820) ; principal of the Royal Academy 
of Music (1822) ; composed oratorios, 
anthems, cliants, glees, fugues and con- 
certos for organ, pianoforte pieces, etc., 
and wrote several theoretical works. 
Ref.: VI. 474. 

CROUCH, Frederick IVIcoUb (1808- 
1896) : b. London, d. Portland, Maine; 
'cellist and singing teacher; comp. 2 
operas and wrote songs, including 
'Kathleen Mavourneen.* 

CROWTEST, Frederick J. (I860-) : 
b. London, England; writer and editor; 
planned and edited 'Master Musicians' 
and the 'Music Story Series'; author of 
numerous books on music; general 
manager and editor Walter Scott Pub- 
lishing Co., Ltd. Ref.: VI. 252. 

CROWrJVE, John (17th cent.) : Eng- 
lish masque writer. Ref.: X. 83. 

CRDGER, Johannes (1598-1662) : b. 
Gross-Breesen, n. Guben, d. Berlin; 
composer of chorales; student at Wit- 
tenberg, 1620; pupil of Paulus Hom- 
burger at Ratisbon; organist of the St. 
Nikolauskirche, Berlin, from 1822. 
Among his famous chorales arc Jesu, 
meine Freude; Jesus, meine Zuversicht; 
Nun danket alle Gott, etc. He also pub. 
several celebrated collections of cho- 
rales and valuable theoretical works, in- 
cluding Synopsis musica (1630; en- 
larged 1634) ; Praecepta musicae figur- 
alis (1625) ; and Quaestiones musicae 
practicae (1650). Ref.: VI. 86. 



97 



Cruvelli 

CRUVEIilil (1) Friederlka Marie 

(1824-1868): b. Westphalia, d. there; 
dramatic contralto; sang in London, 
1851. (2) Jolianne Sophie Charlotte 
(1826-1907): b. Westphalia, d. Monaco; 
sister of (1) ; debut as contralto in Ven- 
ice, 1847; sang at the Op^ra, 1854. She 
married Count Vlgier, 1856. 

CSERMAK (1771-1822) : Hungarian 
composer. Ref.: III. 188. 

CUCTJEIi, Geocses (1884- ) : b. 
Dijon; studied at the Sorbonne; sent 
to Italy by the government for musi- 
cal research, 1914; pub. ttudes sur an 
oTchestre, La Ponpliniere et la masique 
de chambre au xviii" siecle (1913), and 
Les criateurs de I'opera frangais ^1914:) . 

CUI, Cisar Antonovitch (1835-) : 
b. Vilna; composer; is a graduate of 
the Engineering Academy of St. Peters- 
burg, and professor of fortification 
there; studied music with Moniuszko 
and Balakireff; musical editor of the 
'St. Petersburg Gazette' (1864-1868) ; 
contributed to the Paris Revae et Ga- 
zette a series of articles entitled La 
musiqne en Russie (pub. in book form, 
1880). His compositions include the 
operas *The Prisoner in the Caucasus' 
(1857), 'The Mandarin's Son' (1859), 
'William Ratcliff' (1868), 'Angelo' 
(1876), 'The Filibuster' (1889), 'The 
Saracen' (1889), 'Mamzelle Fifi' (1900), 
'Matteo Falcone' (1908), 'The Captain's 
Daughter' (1913) ; 2 scherzl and 4 
suites for orchestra; a string quartet, 
over 200 songs, and salon pieces for 
piano, 'cello and violin. Ref. : III. 
xvi, 131 ff, 157; V. 366; VII. 330, 331; 
VIII. 461, 251, 457f ; IX. 398, 412f. 

OULBERTSOIV, Sasha (1893- ): 
violinist, studied "with Suchorukoff and 
Sevfiik; after her debut in Vienna 
(1908) she toured Europe and America. 

CTJLP, Julia: b. Amsterdam; studied 
at the Cons, there and with Etelka 
Gerster; contemp. mezzo-soprano, es- 
pecially successful as an interpreter 
of Lieder (Schubert, Schumann, Franz, 
Brahms, Wolf, Strauss and contemp. 
composers) in European and American 
tours, made in conjunction "with her 
accompanist, Coenraad V. Bos. Ref.: 
portrait, V. 364. 

CUIiWICK, James C. (1845-1907) : 
b. Bromwich, d. Dublin; in 1881 he be- 
came organist at the Royal Chapel in 
Dublin, taught in Alexandra College 
there, composed church music, works 
for organ and piano, a dramatic can- 
tata, etc. He wrote two books on the 
study of music (1882), 'The Work of 
Sir R. Stewart' (1902), and a pamphlet 
on the first production of the 'Mes- 
siah.' 

CUMMIIVGS, ^Vllliam Hayman 
(1831-1915): b. Sidbury, England; d. 
London; tenor, organist and teacher; 
founder of the Purcell Society; pub. 
a 'Biographical Dictionary of Musi- 
cians' (1892) ; comp. a cantata, sacred 
music and songs. 

CUPIS (1) Ide CamargoJ, Fran- 



Cusins 

cois (1719-ca. 1764) : b. Brussels, d. 
Paris; violinist in orchestra of Paris 
Opera and composer of violin sonatas. 
(2) Maria Anna de: b. Brussels, 1710; 
sister of Francois (1) ; dancer. (3) 
Jean Baptlste (ca. 1741-after 1794) : 
b. Paris, d. Italy; 'cello virtuoso, 
travelled and performed in orchestra 
of the Op6ra. He wrote methods for 
'cello and viola, and composed sonatas 
and solos for his instrument. 

CURCI, Giuseppe (1808-1877) : sing- 
ing teacher and dramatic composer. 

CURRY, Arthur Mansfield (1S66-) : 
b. Chelsea, Mass.; Boston teacher and 
conductor, whose overture 'Blomidon' 
was produced at the Worcester Fes- 
tival (1902), a symphonic poem by the 
Boston Symphony (1911). 

CURSCH-BttHREN, [Franz] Theo- 
dor (1859-1908) : b. Troppau, d. Leip- 
zig; conductor, editor of the Chorge- 
sang and critic for the Tageblatt; 
comp. Singspiele, choruses and instru- 
mental pieces. 

CURSCHMAJVN, Karl Priedrich 
(1804-1841) : b. Berlin, d. Langfuhr, near 
Danzig; abandoned law for music, 
which he studied with Hauptmann and 
Spohr. He wrote a one-act opera (prod, 
in Cassel, 1828), but is best known for 
his many songs, the quality and popu- 
larity of which rivalled those of AM. 
Ref.: IIL 19; V. 256. 

CURTI, Franz (1854-1898) : b. Kas- 
sel, d. Dresden; gave up the study 
of medicine for music; comp. a num- 
ber of operas prod, between years of 
1887 and 1898. 

CURTIS, Natalie: b. New York 
City; writer and lecturer on folk mu- 
sic; studied in New York, Berlin and 
Paris; also at the 'Wagner-Schule' in 
Bayreuth; has pub. collections of 
songs. 

CURWBN (1) Rev. John (1816- 
1880): b. Yorkshire, England; d. near 
Manchester; founded the Tonic Sol-fa 
College in 1862 and pub. numerous 
books relating to the system. (2) 
John Spencer (1847-1916) : b. Plais- 
tow, d. London; president of the 
Tonic Sol-fa College, 1880; pub. mu- 
sical studies and 'Memorials of John 
Curwen,' 1882. 

CURZON, £mannel-Henri-Parent 
de (1861- ): b. Havre; music critic 
on the Gazette de France since 1889, 
editor of Guide musical and Rulletin 
de la Sociite de I'histoire du thi&tre; 
has written numerous works on musi- 
cal subjects, including a biography of 
Mozart (1914). 

CUSANINO. See Carestini. 

CUSCINA, Alfred (1881- ) : con- 
temp. Italian opera composer. Ref.: 
III. 384. 

CUSINS, Sir William George (1833- 
1893) : b. London, d. Remonchamps, 
Ardennes; studied with FMis, Brus- 
sels, and at the London Academy; 
King's Scholar, 1847-49; organist to the 
Queen and violinist in the orch. of the 



98 



CuteU 

Italian opera; became professor of 
piano at the Royal Academy of Music 
and cond. of the Philharmonic; com- 
posed concert-overtures, a concerto, an 
oratorio, piano pieces and songs. 

CUTELI., Richard (15th cent.) : Eng- 
lish musician, author of a treatise on 
counterpoint, a fragment of which is 
preserved at Oxford. 

CUZZONI, Fninoesca (1700-1770) : 
b. Parma, d. Bologna; famous operatic 
contralto; pupil of Lauzi. She sang 
in Venice, 1719, and in London un- 
der Handel's direction, 1722-26, vphere 
slie was superseded by Faustina Bor- 
doni (Hasse) ; then joined the oppo- 
sition, and until 1826 engaged in bit- 
ter contest with her rival. She mar- 
ried the pianist a^d composer, San- 
donl; sang at Vienna, in Italy and 
Holland, and again in London (1748), 
but there failed to please. She died In 
poverty. Be/..- I. 437; IX. 76. 

CYBBLB, Greek goddess. Ref.: X. 
54. 

CZAPEK (1) Joseph (1825-1915): 
b. Prague, d. Gotenburg; student at 
Prague Cons.; went to Gotenburg as 
band-master, became opera conductor, 
organist In church and sjTiagogue, con- 
ductor of the Philharmonic and leader 
of a quartet; composed symphonies, 
cantatas, masses, etc.; Swedish acade- 
mician from 1857. (2) See Hat- 
ton. 

CZARTORYSKA, lUarcelUne {nie 
Princess Radziwill) (1817-1894) : b. 
Vienna, d. near Cracow; pianist, pupil 
of Czemy; resident of Paris from 1848. 

CZARWENKA, Josepli (1759-1835) : 
b. Bemadek, Bohemia, d. Vienna; oboist 
and professor of his instrument. 

CZERXOHORSKY, Boliuslav (1684- 
1740) : b. Nimburg, Bohemia, d. Graz ; 
Franciscan monk whose monastic 
name was Padre Boemo. He was 



Gzlbulka 

choirmaster In Padua, organist at 
Assisi, where he taught Tartini; di- 
rector of church music in Prague, and 
a distinguished composer and teacher 
there; Gluck, Seeger, and Zach were 
among his pui>ils. Of his compositions 
which were highly valued in his day, 
only a four-part offertory, LandatuT 
Jesus, some preludes and fugues for 
the organ still exist. Ref.: II. 19. 

CZERNY, Carl (1791-1857) : b. Vien- 
na, d. there; pupil of his father, Wen- 
zel C, and of Beethoven (being one of 
the master's favorites). He was also In- 
fluenced by Clementi and Hummel. He 
early became famous both as pianist and 
teacher, though circumstances prevent- 
ed his touring as a virtuoso. Among 
his pupils were Liszt, Dohler, Thal- 
berg, Jaell, and many others of promi- 
nence. 01^ more than 1,000 published 
works, only his etudes have survived. 
They include: Die Schule der Gelau- 
flgkeit (op. 299), Die Schule des Legato 
und Staccato (op. 335), Tdgliche 
Studien (op. 337), Schule der Ver- 
zierungen (op. 355), Schule des Vir- 
tuosen (365), Schule der linken Hand 
(op. 399), Schule des Fugenspiels (op. 
400), Schule der Fingerfertigkeit (op. 
740). He was the author of an outline 
of musical history (1851) and an auto- 
biography. Ref.: II. 162; VII. 44, 64, 
182; VIII. 208; portrait, VII. 182. 

CZERSKI. Pseudonym for Tschikch. 

CZERVENY, Bftclav Frantiiek 
(1819-1896) : b. Dubec, Bohemia, d. 
Koniggratz; famous maker of brass in- 
struments; introduced improvement in 
the valve system. 

CZIAK. See Schack. 

CZIBUL.KA, Alphons (1842-1894) : b. 
Szeges-Varally, Hungary, d. Vienna; 
army band master in Vienna, who 
wrote 6 operettas and a great deal of 
ephemeral but popular dance music. 



99 



D 



Daase 

DAASE:, Rudolf (1822- ) : b. Ber- 
lin; studied with A. W. Bach and oth- 
ers; conductor, teacher and orchestral 
composer in Berlin. 

DACHS, Josepb (1825-1896): b. 
Ratlsbon, d. Vienna; studied with 
Halms and Czeruy in Vienna; was 
teacher of piano at the Conservatory 
there, 

DAFFBTER, Hugo (1882- ): b. 
Munich; studied in the Munich Royal 
Academy and with Reger and Staven- 
hagen, also studied musical science in 
Munich (Dr. phil., 1904) ; assistant con- 
ductor at the court opera therCj music 
critic in Konigsberg, Dresden; now in 
Berlin. He wrote Die Entwickelung 
des Klavierkonzeris bis Mozart (Leip- 
zig, 1908) and other studies, edited 
Nietzsche's remarks on Carmen (1912), 
C. P. E. Bach's Versuch iiber die wahre 
Arty das Klavier zu spielen. (1904) and 
Leopold Mozart's letters (4 vols.). He 
composed 2 symphonies, 2 piano quin- 
tets, 2 string quartets, 2 trios, 2 violin 
sonatas, a 'cello sonata, a piano sonata, 
piano pieces for 2 and for 4 hands, 
a sonata, a fantasy and fugue for or- 
gan, church music and over 300 songs; 
also 3 operas (not perf.) 

DAHL, Baldnin (1834- ) : b. 
Copenhagen; d. Charlotteulund ; leader 
of the Tivoli Concerts in Copenhagen; 
composer and director; writer of dance 
music. 

DAIiAYRAC (or d'ALAYRAC), 
Nlcbolas (1753-1809): b. Muret (Haute 
Garonne), d. Paris; composer of comic 
operas. Despite paternal opposition, 
he learned harmony from Langl6 in 
1774; prod, in all 61 operas. Including 
Le petit Souper (1781), Les Deux Savo- 
yards, and Raoul de Crequi. He was 
made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor 
by Napoleon. Be/.; V. 180; IX. 225. 

DAIiBERG, Johann FrledTlcb 
Hugo von (1752-1812) : b. Aschaffeu- 
burg, d. there; composer and author. 
He composed sonatas for the piano and 
cantatas, variations and chamber mu- 
sic. Among his writings are Die Xols- 
harfe, ein allegorischer Traum, and 
Vber die Musik der Inder, a translation 
of 'Indian Music' by Sir William Jones, 

DALCROZF, £:mlle Jaciues. See 
Jacques-Dalcboze. 

DAIiB (1) Josepb, prominent Lon- 
don music publisher ana composer. His 
house, founded before 1778, lasted un- 
til after 1885, and at the opening of 
the 19th cent, was the most flourishing 
in London, (2) Benjamin James 



100 



Damcke 

(1885- ): b. Crouch Hill, London; 
studied in the Royal Academy of Music, 
wrote symphonies, 2 overtures, a piano 
sonata, considerable chamber music, 
etc. Ref.: HI. 442; VIL 598. 

DAIiHEilM, Pierre Baron (1862-) : 
b. Laroche, Dep. Yonne; French jour- 
nalist, influential in introducing Rus- 
sian music into France, His wife, 
Marie Olenina (1872- ), is famous 
as a singer of the songs of Moussorg- 
sky; pub. Les legs de Mussorgski (1908; 
Russian, 1910). 

DAL,L,AM (or DALHAM, DALiIiUM, 
DAIiliANS) (17th cent.) : English organ 
builders. The father and three sons 
built, among others, organs at, Cam- 
bridge and Oxford, and at Worcester, 
Canterbury and St. Paul's Cathedrals. 
In 1600 Thomas Dallam presented to 
the Grand Turk at Constantinople a 
mechanical clock-organ, 

DAL.L, Roderick (18th cent.) : 
Scotch minstrel, one of the last of the 
'wandering harpists.* 

DALIiERY (18th cent.) : organ build- 
ers at Amiens. Pierre, nephew of the 
founder of the family, worked with 
Clicquot in the production of the or- 
gans of Notre Dame and of the Sainte 
Chapelle in Paris and of that In the 
Palace of Versailles. 

DALlUORfiS, Charles (1872- ) : 
b, Nancy, France; operatic tenor, who, 
after study in the conservatories of 
Lyons and Paris, sang in France and 
at the Manhattan and Metropolitan 
Operas of New York, specializing in 
modern French operas. 

DAI/VIMARE, Martin Pierre (1772- 
1839) : b. Dreux, Eure-et-Loire, d. 
Paris; virtuoso on harp in Versailles to 
Louis XVI, at the Op^ra in 1800, and 
to the Empress, 1806. He wrote sonatas 
for harp, duos for harp with piano 
and with horn, etc. 

DAM (1) Mads Gregers (1791- ) : 
b. Svendborg; violinist and member of 
the Berlin Royal Kapelle. (2) Her- 
mann Georg (1815-1858) : b. Berlin, 
d. there; son of (1); composed over- 
tures, entr'actes, 2 operas and 2 ora- 
torios. 

DAMASCENE, Alexander ([?]- 
1719) : b. France, of Italian parentage, 
d. in England; alto singer and song- 
writer. In 1695 he succeeded Purcell 
as Gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 

DAMCKE, Berthold (1812-1875): b. 
Hannover, d. Paris; studied with 
Schmltt and Ries; directed the Potsdam 
Philharmonic, singing societies and 



Danun 

concerts; taught In St. Petersburg, 
Brussels, and Paris; an accurate but 
unoriginal composer of oratorios, cho- 
ruses, and piano pieces; revised an edi- 
tion of Giuck opera scores. 

DAMM, G. See Steingrabeh. 

DAlHOIHr (or DAMAN), -William (ca. 
1540-ca. 1593) : chapel organist to Queen 
Elizabeth and composer of sacred mu- 
sic. He made the 4-part arrangement 
of psalm tunes used in the Protestant 
church (The Psalm Tunes in English 
Meter, 1579, 1591). 

DAMOREIAU, lianre Clntlile Mon- 
talant (Mile. Cinti) (1801-1863) : b. 
Paris, d. there; operatic soprano; sang 
at the Op^ra, 1826-35, in parts -written 
for her by Bossini, and in 1829 she 
sang in Matrimonio Segreto with Son- 
tag and Malibran. She sang at the Op6- 
ra Comique in parts created for her by 
Aubei-, 1835-43; also gave concert tours 
in the United States, Holland, St. Pe- 
tersburg and Belgium and until 1856 
■was professor of singing at the Paris 
Conservatoire. She was the author of 
an Album de romances and a Methode 
de chant. 

' DAMROSCH (1) lieopoia (1832- 
1885) : b. Posen, Prussia, d. New York; 
composer, conductor and violinist. He 
received his M.D. from Berlin Univer- 
sity in 1854, but discarded medicine 
for the study «>f music. After a concert 
tour of Germany, he was appointed by 
Liszt violinist in the Grand Ducal Or- 
chestra in Weimar. In 1858-60 he con- 
ducted the Philharmonic Society in 
Breslau, made concert tours with Bu- 
low and Tausig, established quartet 
concerts in Breslau, founded the Or- 
chesterverein and a choral society there, 
also conducted the Society for Classical 
Music and for two years was conduc- 
tor at the Stadttheater. In 1871 he be- 
came conductor of the New York Arion 
Society, and from then until his death 
was influential in New York musical 
circles, both as the founder of the 
Oratorio and Symphony Societies and 
as the conductor of German Opera at 
the Metropolitan from 1884. He mar- 
ried the singer Helene von Heimburg 
(1835-1904) in Weimar. He composed 
a concerto, serenades, romanzas, etc., 
for violin, a festiva] overture, choral 
work with orch., songs, duets, etc. 
Ref.: HI. 237; IV. 138f, 183, 185, 210; 
VI. 220; portrait, IV. 210. (2) Frank 
Helno (1859- ): b. Breslau; son and 
pupil of (1), also of Pruckner, Vogt 
and X. Scharwenka ; conductor of choral 
societies in Denver, Newark, Bridge- 
port, Philadelphia and New York, 
where he founded the Musical Art So- 
ciety and in 1898 was made supervisor 
of music in the public schools. He be- 
came director of the newly fovmded 
Institute of Musical Art in 1905. In 
1894 he published a 'Popular Method 
of Sight Singing,' and in 1916 'Some 
Principles of Music Teaching'; con- 
tributor to 'The Art of Music' Ref.: 



Dancia 

IV. 187, 211ff, 246, 256ir. (3) "Walter 
Johannes (1862- ) : b. Breslau, son 
of (1) ; pupil of Bischbieter and 
Draeseke in Berlin, von Inten, etc., in 
New York. He became assistant con- 
ductor under his father at the Metro- 
politan Opera and continued under 
Seidl; succeeded (1) as conductor of the 
N. Y. Oratorio Society (to 1898) and 
the Symphony Society (to 1894). He 
directed an independent opera enter- 
prise in various cities, 1894-99, con- 
ducted German Opera at the Metro- 
politan, 1900-02, then the New York 
Philharmonic, 1902-03, and again the 
N. Y. Symphony, for which he secured 
a permanent endowment. He prod. 2 
operas, 'The Scarlet Letter' (Boston, 
1896) and 'Cyrano' (New York, 1913), 
an operetta, orchestral works, violin 
sonata and songs. Ref.: TV. 140, 142ff, 
184fr, 395; portrait, IV. 276. 

DAMSE, Josepli (1788-1852): b. 
Sokolov, Galicia, d. Rudno, near War- 
saw; composer and ilarinettist ; com- 
posed 4 operas, popular Polish songs 
and dances and 2 masses. 

DANA (1) Charles Hensha-vr (1846- 
1883) : b. West Newton, Mass., d. 
Worcester, Mass.; pianist, organist and 
composer. (2) -William Henry (1846-) : 
b. Warren, Ohio; studied with Haupt 
and Kullak and at the London Royal 
Academy; founder and director of a 
musical institute in his home city, 
writer of text-books on music and 
composer of an orchestral De Pro- 
fnndis. 

DAXBffi, Jules (1840-1905): b. Caen, 
d. Vichy; studied at the Conservatoire; 
violinist in the Theatre Lyrique, Op^ra 
Comique and Opira; conductor of the 
Theatre Lyrique and succeeded Lamou- 
reaux at the Comique; played in the 
Conservatoire concerts till 1892; com- 
posed violin pieces, etudes; pub. a 
'Violin Method.' 

DANBY, John (1757-1798) : d. Lon- 
don; organist and composer. He was 
organist at the chapel of the Span- 
ish Embassy, composed glees, catches, 
and canons, four books of which 
were published, and wrote La guida 
alia mustca votale (1798). 

DANCE, -William (1775-1840) : b. in 
London, d. in London; musician. In 
1771 he was violinist in Drury Lane, 
and later in the Opera orchestra. In 
1790 he acted as band leader at the 
Handel Commemoration. He was an 
initiator and afterward a director of 
the London Philharmonic Society. 

DANCHET, Antoine (1671-1740) : b. 
Riom, Auvergne, d. Paris as librarian 
of Bibliothfeque Royale; librettist of 
several of Campra's operas. Ref.: IX. 
26. 

DANCKERTS. See Dankers. 

DANCIiA (1) Jean-Baptiste- 

Charles (1818-1907) : b. Bagnires-de- 
Bigorre, d. Tunis; violinist and com- 
poser. A pupil of Baillot, Hal^vy, and 
Berton at the Conservatoire, he later 



101 



Bando 

became professor there; popular com- 
poser for violin, and author of five 
technical books on music. His 150 
works are ephemeral in character, but 
his quartet soiries were famous. (2) 
Arnaud (1820-1862): brother of Jean; 
'cellist, writer of a method and com- 
poser of etudes, duos, etc., for 'cello. 
(3) Leopold (1823-1895) : brother of 
above, b. at Bagnferes-de-Bigorre, d. 
Paris; composer. He, like Jean, was 
professor at the Conservatoire, a vio- 
linist and the writer of etudes and 
Phantasies. 

DANDO, Joseph Haydn Bourne 
(1806-1894): b. in Somers Town, d. at 
Godalming, London; violinist. In 1831 
he became a member of the Philhar- 
monic Orchestra and four years later 
introduced the first genuine chamber 
music concert, consisting solely of in- 
strumental quartets and trios. Dando's 
annual Quartet Concerts lasted from 
1836 to 1853. He was music master to 
Charterhouse School from 1875 until 
shortly before his death. 

D'ANDRIEU. See [d']Andbieu. 

D A N B Li , Louis - Albert - Joseph 
(1787-1875): b. Lille, d. there; music 
printer and inventor. In 1856 he re- 
tired from business to work on his 
method, which he analyzed Ju his 
Methode simpliflee pour Venseignement 
populaire de la musique vocale and to 
introduce this *Langue des sons' in 
northern France. He established courses 
at his own cost. He was made Cheva- 
lier of the Legion of Honor. 

D'ABTGEIil. See Ancelis. 

DANHAUSER, Adolphe-I/Eopold 
(1835-1896) : b. Paris, d. there; taught 
solfege at the Conservatoire, where he 
had formerly studied; composed cho- 
ruses and operas, and wrote a Theorie 
de la musique. 

DANIEL (1) Hermann Adelbert: 
German theologian and writer, whose 
Thesaurus Hymnologicus (5 vols. 
Loschke, Leipzig) is an invaluable sec- 
ondary soifrce for early church music 
and the collection of hymns. (2) Sal- 
vador, for a few days before his death 
director of Paris Conservatoire under 
the Commune in 1871; writer of numer- 
ous musical monographs. 

DANIELS, mabel: b. Swampscott, 
Mass.; studied "with Chadwick and 
Ludwig Thuille; contemp. American 
composer of orchestral pieces, songs, 
etc. Ref.: IV. 403. 

DANJOU, Jean-Lonxs-Feiix (1812- 
1866): b. Paris, d. Montpellier ; wrote 
on church and secular music and as- 
sisted in popularizing the French organ 
in Germany, Holland and Belgium; af- 
filiated himself with the Daublaine and 
Callinet firm. 

DANKERS (or DANCKERTS), 
Ghiselin (16th cent.) : b. at Tholen, 
Zeeland; composer. He was a singer at 
the Papal chapel, writer of motets and 
madrigals, several of which are still 
extant. His fame In great part rests 



Danzi 

on his share in the Vincentino-Lusitano 
dispute, where he acted as judge, later 
defending his verdict against Vin- 
centino. 

DANKS, Hart Pease (1834-1903): 
b. New Haven, Conn., d. Philadelphia; 
director of music and bass singer in 
churches, composer of one operetta and 
more than 1,200 hymns. 

DANNEHL, Franz (1870- ) : b. 
at Rudolstadt; composer. He studied 
composition in Brussels, Weimar, and 
Berlin and wrote chiefly songs and 
choir pieces, as well as some chamber 
music. 

DANNELEY, John Feltham (1786- 
1836) : b. at Oakingham, Berkshire, d. 
in London; organist of the Church of 
St. Mary of the Tower at Ipswich; 
author of 'Elementary Principles of 
Thorough-bass,' 'Encyclopaedia of Mu- 
sic' and a 'Musical Grammar.' 

DANNRETJTHER (1) Edward 
(1844-1905) : b. Strassburg, d. London. 
He studied music at Cincinnati and at 
Leipzig, became pianist, composer and 
music critic in London, where in 1872 
he founded the Wagner Society, con- 
ducted its concerts the following years, 
and supported the Wagner Festival in 
1877. He wrote extensively, both in ap- 
preciation of the old school and in de- 
fense of the new, and is considered an 
authority on musical ornamentation. 
In 1905 he wrote the 6th vol. of the 
Oxford History of Music — 'The Roman- 
tic Period.' Ref.: IH. 91, 430; (quoted) 
II. 170, 174. (2) Gustav (1853- ) : 
b. Cincinnati; violinist, brother of Ed- 
ward (1). He studied the violin under 
de Ahna and Joachim in Berlin, lived 
in London until 1877, three years later 
became a member of the Boston Sym- 
phony Orchestra. He founded the Bee- 
thoven String-Quartet of New York and 
is the author of 'Chord and Scale 
Studies for Young Players.' 

DANNSTROEM, Isldor (1812-1897): 
b. at Stockholm, d. there; singer and 
composer. He studied under Dehn in 
Berlin, and Garcia in Paris, composed 
songs, an operetta. Doctor Tartaglia, 
and was also well known as teacher. 

DANTE. Ref.: I. 260f, 264; II. 259f ; 
VIL 318; Vin. 304, 371, 372; (cited) 
X. ill. 

DANZI (1) Innocenz: father of 
Franz; 'cellist in Elector's orchestra. 
(2) Franz (1763-1826) : b. Mannheim, 
d. Karlsruhe; 'cellist and composer, 
produced 'Azakiah' (1780), and Die Mit- 
ternachtsstunde (^Munich, 1801). In 
1791 he began a six years' professional 
tour with his wife, during which he 
conducted at Leipzig, Prague and 
throughout Italy. He held successively 
the positions of Vice-Kapellmeister to 
the Elector, Kapellmeister to the King 
of Wilrttemberg and Kapellmeister at 
Carlsruhe, where he remained until his 
death. Of his eleven operas, his ora- 
torio, and his orchestral, chamber and 
church music, none has survived. 



102 



Da tonte 

DA PONTE, liorenzo (1749-1838) : 
b. in Venice, d. in New York; writer 
of opera texts. A Hebrew by birth, his 
original name was Emanuele Conegll- 
ano, which was changed by the Bishop 
of Cenado in 1763 upon his conversion, 
in 1784 he became the poet dramatist 
at Vienna under Joseph II, where he 
stayed until 1792; during this time he 
wrote the text for Mozart's Don Gio- 
vanni and Cost fan tutie, and Le 
nozze di Figaro. Upon the accession of 
ll,eopold, he went to London and from 
there to New York, at neither place 
was he successful. He finally became 
teacher of Italian at Columbia Univer- 
sity, where he published his memoirs. 
Ref.: IV. 121ff, 127; IX. 88, 94, 107; por- 
trait, IV. 122. 

DAQ,TJIN, Louis-Claude (1694- 
1772) : b. Paris, d. there; organist 
and composer; a pupil of Marchand, 
organist of St. Antoine at twelve and 
of St. Paul from 1727 to his death. 
He pub. Pieces de clavecin (1735), 
Noels pour Vorgue on le clavecin, and 
a cantata La Rose; and is considered 
one of the most interesting harpsichord 
composers. Ref.: VII. 61. 

DARBT, W. Dermot (1885- ) : 
b. Athboy, Ireland; studied music with 
Brendan Rogers, also Benj. Lambord, 
New York; secretary Modem Music 
Soc, 1916; contributing editor, 'The 
Art of Music.' 

DARGOMIJSKY, Alexander Ser- 
gievitch (1813-1869) : b. Govt. Tula, 
Russia, d. St. Petersburg; appeared as 
pianist and began composing in youth; 
living In St. Petersburg from 1835, 
he became president of the Imperial 
Russian Mus. Soc, 1867, but was dis- 
missed in 1869. Confined by illness, 
he made his house the centre of the 
neo-Russian School. His works Include 
the operas Esmeralda (Moscow, 1847), 
Russalka (after Pushkin, 1856), Ka- 
menno'i g6st [The Stone Guest] (posthu- 
mous, orchestrated by Rimsky-Korsa- 
koff, prod, with postlude by Cui, 1872), 
also sketches of a few scenes of a 
fourth, Rogdana; a ballet, 'The Feast 
of Bacchus' (1845, prod. 1867), a series 
of 3-part choruses, a Tarantelle Slave 
for piano 4 hands, a Finnish Fantasy, 
a 'Little Russian Cossack Dance' and 
'Baba Yaga' for orch. ; also a number 
of songs that have become popular. 
Ref.: HI. 46ff; songs, V. 364f; opera, 
IX. 384ff; mus. ex., XIV. 16; port., IH. 
48. See also individual indexes, 

DARWIN, Charles. Ref.: I. 4f; 
V. 87. 

DASBR (DASSBR, DASSERTJS), 
liUdwlg (ca. 1525-1589) : b. Munich, d. 
Stuttgart; conductor and composer. 
From 1552 to 1559 he was court Kapell- 
meister, when Orlando di Lasso suc- 
ceeded him. He was called to a similar 
position in Stuttgart in 1571. He com- 
posed a 'Passion' for 4 parts in 1578, 
some motets, hymns, etc. 

DAUBE:, Johann Priedricli (1730- 



Daussoigne-M^hul 

1797): b. at Cassel, d. in Vienna; com- 
poser and writer. His theoretical 
works are Generalbass in drei Ak- 
korden and Anleitung zur Erflndung der 
Melodie und ihrer Fortsetzung. 

DAUBERVAL,: French dancer. Ref,: 
X. 89, 91, 101. 

DAtJBLiAINE & CALLiINBT. A 
firm of organ builders, founded in 1838 
at Paris, which still exists at the pres- 
ent date under the name of Merklin, 
Schiitze & Company with its headquar- 
ters at Lyons. In 1843 Callinet dis- 
solved the partnership and the firm 
carried on business as Ducroquet et Cie. 
(1845-1855), when it changed into its 
present ownership. 

DAUCRESME, liUcien (1826-1892) ; 
b. at Elbeuf, Normandy, d. in Paris; 
composer of two operas. 

DAUDET, Alphonse (1840-1897) : b. 
Nlmes, d. Paris; novelist and librettist; 
his L'Arlisienne has been set to music 
by Bizet and an Italian version by 
Cilea; Poise, Pessard and Massenet 
(Sapho) have used his works as libret- 
tos. Ref.: IL 391; IX. 247. 

DAUNEY, William (1800-1843) : b. 
Aberdeen, d. Demerara; music-histo- 
rian. He discovered the Skene Manu- 
script in the Advocates' Library at 
Edinburgh, and republished it as 
'Ancient Scottish Melodies from a 
Manuscript of the Reign of James VI' 
with a lengthy historical introduction to 
Scottish music. 

DAUPRAT, Louls-FrancoIs (1781- 
1801): b. in Paris, d. there; born- 
player and composer. He studied un- 
der Kenn, Catel and Gossec. In 1806 
he became first horn at the theatre 
at Bordeaux and two years later suc- 
ceeded Kenn and Duvernoy at the Paris 
Opera, and , became chamber musician 
to Napoleon and to Louis XVIII. He 
retired from the Op^ra in 1831 and 
from the Conservatoire in 1841. He 
wrote a Methode pour cor alto et cor 
basse, also a concerto and chamber en- 
sembles with horn. Symphonies, and a 
Theorie analglique de la musique re- 
main in manuscript. 

DAtTBIAC, Lionel Alexandre 
(1847- ) : b. Brest, France; theorist; a 
psychologist whose researches have led 
him into the realms of music. From 
1896 to 1903 he studied aesthetics and 
tone psychology at the Sorbonne. He was 
tlie first president of the Paris division 
of the International Society, and since 
his retirement in 1907 has ranked as 
honorary president. Among his writ- 
ings are La psychologic dans I'opira 
franeais; Rossini, biographic critique 
(in Les musiciens celebres, 1905) and 
Le musicien-poite Richard Wagner 
(1908). 

DAtJSSOIGNE-MfiHUIi, liOuis-Jo- 
sepli (1790-1875): b. Givet, in Ar- 
dennes; d. Liege; composer. At the 
Conservatoire he studied under Catel 
and M^hul, received the Grand prix de 
Rome and tried his hand at operatic 



103 



Dautresme 

composition, which, after only mod- 
erate success, he abandoned. In 1827 
he became director of the conservatory 
at Lifege. 

DAUTRESME, l.neien (1826-1892) : 
b. Elbeuf, Normandy, d. Paris; senator 
and musical amateur who composed 2 
operas and smaller worlis. 

DAUVERGNE. See AuvERGNE. 

DAVARI, Stefano: contemp. writer; 
author of a monograph. La mnsica a 
Mantova (1884). 

DAVAUX, Jean-Baptiste (1737- 
1822): b. C6te-St.-Andr^, d. Patis; one 
of the Parisian composers who fol- 
lowed the style of the Mannheim 
school. He wrote symphonies, espe- 
cially concertante, with 2 solo violins 
and oboes and horns in the tutti; also 
string quartets (pub. Paris, Amsterdam, 
London) and some operas prod, in 
Paris. 

DAVENANT, Sir -WUHam (17th 
cent.): English masque writer. Ret.: 
X. 84. 

DAVENPORT, Francis ■William 
(1847- ) : b. Wilderslowe, near 
Derby, England; composer. He studied 
under Macfarren, later his father-in- 
law; in 1879 became professor of the 
Royal Academy of Music; in 1882 took 
the professorial chair at the Guildhall 
School of Music, His compositions in- 
clude an overture, an orchestral prel- 
ude and fugue, 2 symphonies, cham- 
ber music and songs. He is the author 
of 'Elements of Music' (1884), 'Ele- 
ments of Harmony and Counterpoint' 
(1886) and 'Guide for Piano-forte Stu- 
dents' (1891). 

DAVEY, Henry (1853- ) : b. 
Brighton; studied musical theory three 
years at Leipzig Cons., teacher at 
Brighton, contributor to musical jour- 
nals and to the 'Dictionary of National 
Biography'; author of a 'History of 
English Music' (since Purcell) (1895), 
and other books on musical history; 
also lectured on the history of the Pas- 
sion Music (1903-4). Ref.: IH. 430. 

DAVID, King of Israel. Ref.: X. 10. 

DAVID (1) Feiicien-Cesar (1810- 
1876) : b. Cadenet, Vaucluse, d. St. Ger- 
main-en- Laye ; chorister in the Cathe- 
dral of Aix, where he studied at the 
Jesuit College, assisted in conducting 
the theatre and (1829) became maltre 
de chapelle. In 1830 he studied at the 
Paris Conservatoire (with Reber, Mil- 
lot, F^tis), the following two years 
joined the Saint-Simonists at M6nil- 
montant and from 1833-1835 toured 
France from M^nilmontant to Mar- 
seilles, also going to Constantinople, 
Smyrna and Egypt. In 1869 he was 
chosen Academician and librarian at 
the Conservatoire. Of his many com- 
positions the most famous is the sym- 
phonic ode Le Desert (1844) ; others 
■which met with unmodified approval 
were his operas. La' Perle du Br^sil 
(1851) and Lalla Rookh (1802) ; La fin. 
da monde, though later adjudged the 



Davifle 

20,000 franc prize of the state under 
the title Herculaneunit was refused by 
tlie Theatre Lyrlque. Besides these 
David wrote La captive (opera), an 
oratorio 'Moses on Sinai,' a mystery, an 
ode-symphony 'Columhus,' 2 sympho- 
nies, 24 string quintets, 2 nonets for 
wind, songs, etc., mostly imbued with 
the atmosphere of the Orient, whose 
spirit no other European has more 
sympathetically and comprehendingly 
portrayed. Ref.: 11. 390; III. 7; Y. 
315; Yl. 175fr; IX. 238, 445; VL 175f, 
Le Disert, 176f; portrait, VI. 176. (2) 
Ferdinand (1810-1873): b. Hamhurg, 
d. Switzerland; studied with Spohr 
and Hauptmann; violinist at the Ge- 
wandhaus, the Berlin Konigstadt the- 
atre, in the home of Baron von Lip- 
hardt at Dorpat (later his father-in- 
law), at concerts in St. Petersburg, 
Moscow and Riga. As leader of the 
Gewandhaus, then in the Leipzig Cons., 
he trained the most celebrated contem- 
porary violinists. His 50 works in- 
clude 5 violin concertos, variations, 
etc., for violin, a sextet, a quartet, 2 
symphonies, an opera, also an impor- 
tant 'Violin School,' and edited the 
Hohe Schule des Yioltnspiels. Ref.: 
VIL 409, 412, 443f, 451, 458. (3) Sam- 
uel (1836-1895): b. Paris, d. there; 
studied at the Conservatoire with 
Bazin and Hale^vy, where he won the 
prix de Rome with Jephtha (1858), 
and the following year a second 
prize for an orchestral work per- 
formed with a men's chorus of 6,000. 
In 1861 he became professor at the 
College de Sainte-Barbe, in 1872 di- 
rector of the music of all Parisian 
Synagogues. His compositions include 
several operas and operettas, prod, in 
Paris, others unperformed, 4 sympho- 
nies, choruses, songs, etc., and L'Art de 
jouer en mesure (1862). (4) Peter 
PanI (1840- ): b. Leipzig; son of 
Ferdinand; conductor of Carlsruhe or- 
chestra, now teacher of violin in Eng- 
land. Ref.: (quoted) VIL 449. (5) 
Adolpbe-Isaac (1842-1897) : b. Nantes, 
d. Paris; successfully prod. 3 panto- 
mimes, a comic opera, and piano 
pieces. (6) Ernest (1844-1886) : b. 
Nancy, d. Paris; music critic on Paris 
journals, joint author with Lussy of a 
history of musical notation; also au- 
thor of La vie et les ceavres de J. S. 
Bach. (7) Fanny (1861- ): b. 
Guernsey, Eng. ; studied with Reinecke 
and Clara Schumann; pianist in Lon- 
don, Berlin, Leipzig, etc. 

DAVIDE (1) eiacomo, called Da- 
vid le p6re (1750-1830) : b. Presezzo, d. 
Bergamo; famous tenor, sang in opera, 
concert and church music In Naples, 
Paris, London, Florence and Bergamo. 
(2) Giovanni (1789-ca. 1851): d. St. 
Petersburg, son of Giacomo, tenor with 
compass of 3 octaves; sang Brescia, 
Venice, Naples, Milan, Rome, Vienna, 
Bologna, London, Genoa, Florence, 
Cremona, Modena, etc.; founded music 



104 



Davldoff 

school at Naples; managed St. Peters- 
burg opera. 

DAVroOFP (1) Charles (1838-1889): 
b. Goldlngen, Courland, d. Moscow; 
'cellist; studied -with Schmidt, K. C. 
Shul>erth and Griltzmacher, whom he 
succeeded as teacher in the Leipzig 
Cons. He made an extraordinarily suc- 
cessful dfibut in Leipzig, 1859, and at 
once became solo 'cellist of Gewand- 
haus orchestra. Later he occupied a 
similar position in the Imperial Or- 
chestra, St. Petersburg, where he taught 
at the Cons. (1862), and also became 
conductor of the Russian Musical So- 
ciety (1862) and director of the Cons. 
(1876-87). He composed a symphonic 
poem, an orch. suite, 4 'cello concertos, 
a Russian Fantasy ('cello and orch.) 
and many popular solo pieces for 
'cello; also a piano quintet, a string 
quartet, and a string sextet. He was 
the author of a Violoncello Method. 

(2) Alexi (1867- ): nephew of (1) ; 
studied 'cello and comp. at the St. 
Petersburg Cons. (Rimsky-Korsakoff, 
etc.) ; won the Belaieff prize for a 
string quartet and prod, an opera, 
'The Sunken Bell,' in St. Petersburg 
(1903) and Germany. 

DAVIDSON, G. P.: London music 
publisher, who pioneered in cheap mu- 
sic publishing, collecting Diljdin's 
songs, and publishing sheet music un- 
der the name of 'The Musical Treasury.' 

DAVIE, James (ca. 1783-1857): d. 
Aberdeen ; choir-director at St. An- 
drew's Church, where he made collec- 
tions of psalms for 4 voices, also duets, 
trios, glees, etc. He arranged a 'Cale- 
donian Repository' of the most favor- 
ite Scottish slow airs, marches, strath- 
speys, reels, jigs, hornpipes, etc., and 
these he arranged for the violin. 

DAVIES (1) Ben (Benjamin Grey 
D.) (1858- ) : b. Ponadawz, near 
Swansea, Wales; operatic and concert 
tenor. A pupil of Randegger's, he won 
bronze, silver and gold medals and the 
Evill prize; made his first appearance 
as Thaddeus in Balfe's 'Bohemian Girl' 
at the Royal Theatre in London, and 
since then has sung both on the Con- 
tinent and in the United States, in 
opera and recitals in London, and In 
many festivals in the English prov- 
inces. (2) Fanny. See David, Fanny. 

(3) Henry Walford (1869- ) : b. 
Oswestry, Shropshire; studied at the 
Royal Coll. of Music, having received 
a scholarship for composition; organ- 
ist at St. Anne's, Soho, then Christ 
Church, Hampstead, and since 1898 at 
the Temple Church; Mus. Doc. Cam- 
bridge 1898. He composed 2 sympho- 
nies, 'Holiday Times,' Festival Over- 
ture, 'Parthenia,' Woodworth Suite (all 
for orch.) ; a choral ballad 'Herv^ 
Riel,' an oratorio, a 'sacred sym- 
phony,' a choral suite, etc., and a very 
popular setting of 'Everyman' (moral- 
ity-play) ; also chamber music, piano 
and violin sonatas, songs, etc. Be/.; 



Dayas 

m. 426; VI. 377f. (4) James A, Ref.: 
(cited) I. 40. (5) Ffrangcon. See 
Ffbangcon-Davis. 

DAVILIylER, Baron. Ref.: quoted 
(on Spanish folk-dance), X. 106; (on 
mediaeval church dance), X. 79; (on 
Seguidilla), X. llOf. 

DAVIS (1) Jolin David (1869- ) : 
b. at Edgbaston; pupil at the Raff and 
the Brussels conservatories and in 1889 
became a teacher at Birmingham. He 
is the composer of an opera, 'The 
Cossacks,' chamber music, symiphonic 
ballade, poem and variations. (2) 
John (early 19th cent.) : pioneer opera 
manager in America. Ref.: IV. 115, 
161. (3) T. Kemper. Ref.: IV. 242. 

DAVISON (1) Arabella. See GoD- 
DABD. (2) James Vi^llllam (1813- 
1885): b. in London, d. at Margate; 
pianist, critic, composer. He studied 
music under W. H. Holmes and G. A. 
Macfarren. After writing many compo- 
sitions for orchestra, piano and voice, 
he abandoned that field for musical 
criticism, and from 1844 to his death 
he was editor of the 'Musical World.' 
As music critic of the 'Times' his in- 
fluence was widespread, and it is to 
him that England owes her 'Monday 
Pops.' (3) 'William Duncan, brother 
of James (1816-1903) : London music 
publisher, founder of the 'Musical 
World.' 

DAVY (1) Richard (15th cent.) : or- 
ganist and music teacher at Magdalen 
College, Oxford. (2) John (1764-1824) : 
b. Upton-Helion, Exeter, d. London; 
violinist at Covent Garden; was a pop- 
ular light opera composer in London, 
1800-19. Ref.: V. 172. 

DAVYDOW, Stepan Ivanovitch 
(1777-1825) : composer of one opera, 
concert-overture and choruses; also 
widely accepted sacred compositions; 
and general musical director of the Im- 
perial Theatre at Moscow. 

DAWSON, Frederick: H. (1868-) ; 
b. Leeds; pianist, taught by his father 
and by Hall^, played in the concerts 
given by Halle and in the London Mon- 
day Popular Concerts. 

DAY (1) John (1522-1584) : b. Dun- 
wich, Suffolk, d. London; music pub- 
lisher, whose collection of psalms, 
'Whole Book of Psalms in 4 Parts,' 
(1563), included settings by Edwards, 
Heath, Shepherd, Southerton, Tallis, 
etc. He also pub. a popular psalter 
(1557) and a 4-part 'Morning and Eve- 
ning Prayer.' Ref.: VI. 91. (2) Alfred 
(1810-1849): b. London, d. there; stud- 
ied in London, Paris and Heidelberg; 
wrote a 'Treatise on Harmony.' (3) 
Charles Russel (1860- ) : b. Hor- 
stead, Norfolk; studied music with 
Barnby and wrote, as a result of his 
sojourn in India with his regiment, 2 
books on the musical instruments of 
India. Ref.: (cited) I. 49. 

DAYAS, W^lUlam Humphrey (1863- 
1903): b. New York, d. Manchester; 
studied with Haupt and Ehrllch, then 



105 



Saza 

taught at the conservatories of Hel- 
singfors and Wiesbaden, also in Diis- 
seldorf and the Manchester Musical 
College. He composed for organ, 
stringed instruments and piano. Ref.: 
VI. 500. 

DAZA, Bsteltan (16th cent.) : Span- 
ish author of Libro de musica en cifras 
para Vibuela entitulado el ParnasOf a 
revision of motets and chansons into 
tahlature for the lute, among them 
compositions of Fr. Guerrero, Maillart, 
Crequillon and others. 

DE. Names preceded by de are usu- 
ally found under the second word, ex- 
cept when the two are joined. Dutch 
and expatriated French names are re- 
corded under D. 

DE AHNA. See Ahna. 

DBAKIIV, Andrew (1822-1903) : b. 
Birmingham, d. there; newspaper mu- 
sic critic, writer of a musical bibliog- 
raphy and composer of a Stabat Mater 
and masses. 

DEANE, Thomas (17th cent.) : Eng- 
lish organist, violinist and composer. 
He received his degree as Doctor of 
Music from Oxford in 1731. His com- 
positions are mostly church music, 
though compositions for the violin are 
contained in tlie 'Division Violin.' 

DE ANGBIilS. See Angelis. 

D B B A I N , Alexandre - Frangois 
(1809-1877): b. at Paris, d. there; in- 
strument maker. After working for 
Sax and for Mercier, he started for 
himself in 1834, and six years later 
patented the Harmonium, which he in- 
vented and later improved by the 'Pro- 
longement.' He also constructed auto- 
matic instruments and perfected the 
Concertina. 

DEBEPVE, Jules (1863- ) : b. at 
Lifege; pianist and composer. At first 
pupil, and now for many years teacher 
at the Royal Conservatory, he is 
also the author of church and secular 
songs, an orchestral rhapsody, an or- 
chestral suite, a comic opera, and piano 
studies. 

DBBIIil/EMONT, Jean - Jacanes 
(1824-1879): b. Dijon, d. Paris; studied 
at the Conservatoire, wrote operas, op- 
erettas, and cantatas, and acted as the- 
atre and concert conductor in Paris. 

DBBIiOIS, Stephen: 18th cent. Amer. 
musical pioneer. Ref.: IV. 57f. 

DE BOBCK, Augnste (1865- ): 
b. Merchtem, Belgium; student, later 
teacher, at the Brussels Conservatory; 
wrote an orchestral rhapsody, a sym- 
phony, songSj operas, and pieces for 
organ and pianoforte. 

DBBOIS, Ferdinand (1834-1893) : b. 
Briinn, d. there; founded a male choral 
society and composed male choruses. 

DEBROIS VAN BRXJYOK. See 
Bruyck. 

DEBUSSY, Clande [Achille] (1862-) : 
b. St. Germain-en-Laye ; studied with 
Guiraud at the Conservatoire, where he 
took the prix de Rome with the can- 
tata L'enfant prodigue (1884), his 



106 



fiecsey 

Demoiselle ilne having been rejected as 
too iconoclastic. He is the acknowl- 
edged leader of the ultra-modem im- 
pressionistic school; and technically 
his works are distinguished by the 
effective use of higher primary over- 
tones. Among his best-known and 
most distinctive compositions are set- 
tings of texts by Baudelaire, Verlaine 
and Mallarm^, two tone poems, 
L'apris-midi d'un faune. La Mer, and 
3 Images (Gigues, Rondes de Printemps, 
Iberia) ; the opera (lyric drama) Pel- 
lias et Melisande (OpSra-Comique, 
1902) ; 3 nocturnes for orchestra and 
women's chorus, a string quartet (G 
min., op. 10) ; a fantasy, for piano and 
orchestra, many highly poetic and 
characteristic piano pieces (Estam.pes, 
Suite Bergamasqae, Proses lyriqnes. 
Ballades, Dances, etc.), also for 4 hands 
(Petite Suite) ; also three more operas 
(in MS.), incidental music to Gasquet's 
antique drama, Dionysos (1904) and 
d'Annunzio's Le Martyre de Saint-Se- 
bastlen (1911) ; 3 ballets, Jeux, Kham- 
ma. La boite aux joujoux; a cappella 
settings of 3 Chansons of Charles d'Or- 
leans ; songs with piano ace, etc. He 
has also contributed critical articles to 
the Revue Blanche and Gil Bias. Ref.: 
III. 318ff; songs, V. 358ff; choral works, 
VI. 387f; piano comps., VII. 353ff; 
chamber music, VII. 561ff, 604; orches- 
tral works, VIII. 436ff; opera, IX. 470ff; 
ballet, X. 232; mus. ex., XIV. 96; por- 
trait, III. 334; facsimile MS., VIII. 114. 
For general references see individual 
iridBXGs 

DECHERT, Huso (1860- ): b. 
Dresden; 'cello virtuoso, who toured 
Russia, Austria and Italy; solo-'cellist, 
Berlin Royal Orchestra, 'cellist to tlie 
court, and teacher. 

DECHEVRENS, Antoine, S. J. 
(1840- ): b. Chene, near Geneva; 
conductor in the Jesuit College of Paris, 
professor of philology and philosophy 
at Angers University and writer on 
Gregorian chant. 

DECKER, Konstantin (1810-1878): 
b. Fiirstenau, Brandenburg, d. Stolp, 
Pomerania; teacher, pianist and com- 
poser in St. Petersburg and Konigsberg; 
composer of 3 operas, chamber music, 

DBCKER-SCHENK. Johann 

(1826- ): b. Vienna; noted virtuoso 
on guitar, tenor and theatre conductor 
in St. Petersburg. He composed music 
for guitar, mandolin and balalaika, 
etc. ; also operas and operettas. 

DECRBUS, Camllle (1876- ): b. 
Paris; studied at the Conservatoire; 
debut as pianist at Paris, 1906; toured 
England, France and the United States; 
private teacher in Washington since 
1912. 

DBCSEY, Ernst (1870- ): b. 
Hamburg; studied with Bruckner, 
Fuchs and Schenner; music critic and 
editor in Graz; author of a biography 
of Hugo Wolf (3 vols., 1903-06). 



Dedekind 

DEDB3KI1VD (1) Henntng ([?]- 
1628) : cantor and pastor at Langen- 
salza, Thuringia, and Gebesee; writer 
of musical theory and text books. (2) 
Constantin Christian (1628-[7]) : b. 
Reinsdorf; court musician at Meissen, 
concert conductor and composer of 
popular church songs with instru- 
mental accompaniment. 

DSDLKR, RocUus (1779-1822) : b. 
Oberammergau, d. Oberfbhring, Vi- 
enna; school teacher and composer of 
the music for the Passion Play given 
there. 

DKERING (or DBRING), Richard 
( -1630): d. London; organist at 
Brussels, court organist to the English 
Queen, 1625; composed sacred can- 
tiones, canzonets, etc. 

DE FESCH, Willem (ca. 1725-ca. 
1760) : Flemish organist in Antwerp 
and London, 'cello virtuoso; composer 
of 2 oratorios, an orchestral mass, 
canzonets, 7-part concertos, trio sona- 
tas, violin sonatas, 'cello sonatas, etc. 

DEFCiRS, liOuis Pierre (1819-1900) : 
b. Toulouse, d. there; studied in Tou- 
louse and at the Paris Conservatoire; 
directed the Toulouse Cons., composed 
15 comic operas and operettas, masses, 

DEGeIe, Engen (1834-1866): b. 
Munich, d. Dresden; studied at the 
Munich Conservatory, sang as baritone 
in Munich, Hanover and at the Dres- 
den court, and composed songs. 

DE GIOSA. See GiosA. 

DEGNER, Erich Wolf (1858-1908): 
b. Hohenstein-Ernstthal, d. Berka, near 
Weimar; studied at Chemnitz, Weimar 
and Wilrzburg, taught in Batisbon, 
Weimar and Gotha, and was director 
of music societies and schools in Pet- 
tau and Weimar; composed a sym- 
phony for organ and orchestra, an over- 
ture, violin and piano pieces ; also 2 
symphonies with organ, Martha und 
die Mutter, for chorus (MS.), a sere- 
nade, etc. (MS.). D. pub. directions 
and examples for the construction of 
cadences. 

DEGTAREFF, Stepan Anklevitch 
(1766-1813): studied in St Pefersburg 
and Italy, was conductor and church 
composer for Count Sheremetleff, 
wrote 60 concertos, part-songs and Rus- 
sian choruses, very few of which were 
printed. 

DE HAAN, AVillem (1849- 
b. Botterdam; taught by Nicolai^ 
Lange, Bargiel, and at the Leipzig Cons. ; 
choral conductor in Bingen and at 
Darmstadt, where he was also court 
Kapellmeister. He wrote works for 
male chorus and orchestra, mixed cho- 
rus and orchestra, 2 operas. Die Kaisers- 
tochter (Darmstadt, 1885), Die Inka- 
sohne (1895), also songs, duets, piano 
pieces, etc. 

DEHMEU, Richard: poet. Ret.: 
III. 274; V. 331. 

DEHN, Siegfried Wilhelm (1799- 
1858) : b. Altona, d. Berlin; studied 



, de 



De Ijange 

'cello and theory with Paul Wineber- 
ger, the organist Drob and B. Klein; 
became librarian of the music division 
of the Berlin Royal Library (1842), 
which he flrst catalogued and enlarged. 
He "was made royal professor, and 
edited the periodical Cdcilia, 1842-48. 
He wrote Theoretisch-praktische Har- 
monielehre (1840, sev. editions) ; Ana- 
lyse dreier Fugen aus J. S. Bach's 
Wohltemp. Klavier, etc. (1858), and 
edited a collection of music of the 
16th and 17th centuries (2 vols., 1837). 
A Lehre vom Kontrapunkt, dem Kanon 
und der Fuge, was posthumously pub. 
(1859, ed. by B. Scholz). Among D.'s 
famous pupils were Rubinstein, Glinka, 
Hofmann, Kullak, Cornelius and Kiel. 
Ref.: III. 16. 

DEICHMANJT, Carl (1817-1908) : 
English violinist. 

DEISS, Michael (16th cent.): Im- 
perial musician to Ferdinand I, com- 
poser of motets, among them one on 
the death of his master. 

DEITBRS, Hermann [Clemens 
Otto] (1833-1907) : b. Bonn, d. Co- 
blentz; pupil of Otto Jahn, studied in 
Berlin and Bonn; taught and directed 
schools at Bonn, Dilren, Konitz, and 
Posen, and became provincial school 
commissioner in Coblentz, 1885. He 
wrote critical articles in the Deutsche 
Masikzeitung, the Allgem. musikal, Zei- 
tung, and the Vierteljahrsschrift fiXr 
Musikwissenschaft, on Schumann as 
litterateur, Otto Jahn, Bruch's Odysseus, 
many studies of Brahms, and a sketch 
of Beethoven, etc. He also wrote 
on Greek music theoreticians. He 
edited the 3rd and 4th editions of 
Jahn's 'Mozart' and — ^his chief work — 
•Thayer's Biography of Beethoven' 
(from the English MS., vol. I. 1866 and 
rev. 1901; II. 1872; IIL 1879; IV. 1907 
[with additions by Riemann]). Vol. V. 
was edited by Riemann and pub. 1908. 

DE KOVEIV, Reginald (1859- ): 
b. Middletown, Conn.; studied in Ox- 
ford, pupil of the Stuttgart Cons., of 
Hauff in Frankfort-on-Main, also of 
Vannucini (singing) in Florence, Genee 
in Vienna and Delibes in Paris. He 
was for a time conductor of the Wash- 
ington Philharmonic, then critic of the 
New York 'World.' He composed a num- 
ber of tuneful operettas, incl. the pop- 
ular 'Robin Hood' (1890), 'Maid Mar- 
ian,' 'Rob Roy,' 'The Highwayman,' 
'The Fencing Master,' 'The Tslgane,' 
'The Red Feather,' 'Happy Land' and 
'The Student King'; also a grand op- 
era, 'The Canterbury Pilgrims' (New 
York Met. Opera, 1917), an orchestral 
suite, a piano sonata and many songs. 
Ref.: rV. 353, iSSff; IX. 235; mus. ex., 
XIV. 231; portrait, IV. 458. 

DELACROIX, Joseph. Ref. : IV. 66f . 

DELACOUR, Vincent-Conraa-P6- 
llx (1808-1840) : b. Paris, d. there; 
harpist and composer. 

DE LANGE (1) Samnel (1811- 
1884): b. Botterdam, d. there; organist. 



107 



Deiatre 

teacher and composer of organ sonatas. 
(2) Samuel (1840-1911) : b. Rotterdam, 
d. Stuttgart; organist and composer; 
son of (1) ; studied in Rotterdam, 
Vienna and Lemberg; made concert 
tours throughout Europe; organist and 
teacher at Rotterdam Music School 
(1863-1874) : teacher in Music School 
at Hasel, (1874-1876); teacher at Co- 
logne Cons., and conductor of Manner- 
gesangverein and Giirzenichchor (1876- 
1885) ; conducted Oratorio Society at 
The Hague (1885-1893) ; teacher and 
vice-director, Stuttgart Cons. (1893- 
1895) ; conductor Stuttgart Society for 
Classical Church Music from 1895; 
composed an oratorio, 'Moses,' a sym- 
phony^ a piano concerto, organ sonatas, 
chanmer music works, etc. Ref.: VI. 
458, 469. (3) Daniel (1841- ): b. 
Rotterdam: brother of (2) ; studied in 
Lemberg and Paris; organist and 
teacher in Lemberg, teacher in Amster- 
dam; director of choral societies in 
Leyden and Amsterdam, "with which he 
produced old Netherland a cappella 
music with sensational success, also 
in London and Germany. He became 
director of the Amsterdam Cons, in 
1895; music critic and composer of 
2 symphonies, several cantatas, an 
opera, a mass, a Requiem, an overture, 
a 'cello concerto, songs, etc. He also 
wrote an Expose d'une theorie de 
musique. 

DEIiATRE (1) OliTier. Little is 
known of him save that he published 
music in Paris, Lyons and Antwerp. 
The pieces were chiefly songs and mo- 
tets and we have impressions of them 
from 1539 to 1555. (2) [Claude] Petit- 
Jan, also a Netherlander of the 16th 
century. He led the boys' choir at the 
Cathedral of Verdun, was Kapellmeis- 
ter to the Bishop of Liege, and a com- 
poser of songs and motets. (3) Roland. 
See Lasso. 

DE I,'AUL,IVAYE. See [de 1'] Aul- 

NAYE. 

DEIiDEVEZ, £douard-MaTie-Er- 

nest (1817-1897): b. Paris, d. there; 
studied at the Conservatoire, where he 
took the first and second prizes; vio- 
linist; gave a concert of his own com- 
positions in 1840, became second con- 
ductor of the Opera and the Conserva- 
toire concerts, chief conductor of the 
latter, 1872, and the former, 1873; also 
professor of the orchestral class at the 
Cons.; retired 1885. He wrote 3 sym- 
phonies, chamber music, ballets, lyric 
scenes, cantatas, church music (Req- 
uiem for Habeneck), and edited CEuvres 
des violinistes celebres (4 vols.) ; pub. 
L'art dn chef d'orchestre (1878), 
also theoretical and historical writ- 
ings. 

DE LEVA, Enrico (1867- ) : b. 
Naples; pianist, song composer; prod, 
an opera. La Camargo (Turin, 1898) ; 
also wrote a serenata, and E spingole 
frangese, which made his fame. 

DELEZENIVE, Cliarles-£:donard- 



Delius 

Josepb (1776-1866): b. Lille, d. there; 
professor of mathematics and physics 
and writer on musical theory. 

DEIiHASSE, Felix (1809-1898): b. 
Spaa, d. Brussels; founder and editor 
of the Guide musical, contributor to 
journals and writer of biographies of 
musicians. 

DEL, I BBS, [Ciement-Philibert-l 
1,60 (1836-1891) : b. St. Germain du 
Val, Sarthe, d. Paris; studied at the 
Conservatoire; accomi)anied at the 
Th^atre-Lyrique, organist of a Paris 
church and assistant chorus master at 
the Grand Opera; composed several 
operettas, including his first. Deux sous 
de Charbon (1855), La Source (1866), 
Coppilia (1870) and SyZuia (1876) ; 3 
ballets, 5 comic operas, Mdltre Grijfard 
(1857), Le jardinier et son. seigneur 
(1863), Le TOi I'a dit (1873), Jean de 
Nivelle (1880) and Lakmi (1883) ; a dra- 
matic scene. La Mort d'Orphee (1878), 
and a nuniber of pleasing romances. 
An unfinished opera, Kassya, was com- 
pleted by Massenet and prod, in 1893. 
He wrote also incidental music to Le 
Toi s'amuse, and ballet music for 
Adam's Corsair. In 1881 he was made 
professor at the Conservatoire, and 
three years later a member of the 
Academy. Ref.: II. 389; III. 7, 278; 
Vn. 462; opera, IX. 238, 445; ballet, 
X. 151, 152, 167; mus. ex., XIV. 10. 

DBIilCATI, Margherita: an Italian 
soprano in London with her husband 
in 1789. 

DEL.IDICQ,irE, Leonard (1821- ) : 
b. at La Haye; violinist and composer. 
He studied at the Paris Conservatoire, 
and later founded and conducted the 
'Society des Symphonistes.' His com- 
positions were exclusively for the 
violin. 

DELIOTJX, [de Savlgnac] Charles 
(1830- ): b. Lorient; studied by 
himself, and with Barbereau and with 
HaMvy; wrote chiefly for pianoforte, 
also a Cours complets d'exercises (pi- 
ano) and a one-act comic opera. 

DELIUS, Frederick (1863- ) : b. 
at Bradford, England, of German par- 
ents who intended him for a mer- 
chant. In 1883 he became a planter 
in Florida. Having taught himself the 
rudiments of music, he then went to 
Leipzig, to study with Jadassohn and 
Reinecke at the Conservatory, and 
in 1890 settled in France. He has 
composed for orchestra, a fantasy- 
overture, 'Over the Hills and Far 
Away'; Norwegian Suite; 'Brigg Fair,' 
and 'In a Summer Garden' (symph. 
poems) ; 'Paris' (nocturne) ; 'Life's 
Dance,' 'Legend' (for violin and orch.), 
a piano concerto, the operas 'Koanga* 
(Elberfeld, 1904), 'The Village Romeo 
and Juliet' (Berlin, 1907) and Margot 
la Rouge; also 'Appalachia' (for or- 
chestra and chorus) ; 'Sea-Drift' (bar., 
chorus and orch.) ; 'Mass of Life' 
(1905) ; Dance Rhapsody (bar., chorus 
and orch.) and other choral works; 



108 



Delia Maria 

also songs and a music drama in 11 
scenes, 'Two Episodes from the Life 
of Niels Lyline' (after J. P. Jacobsen). 
Kef.; in. X, xi, xiv, xix, 424f,- VIII. 
474, 476f. 

DSIiliA MARIA, Plerre-Antolne- 
Domenlqne (1769-1800) : b. Marseilles, 
d. Paris; studied in Italy, performer on 
mandolin and 'cello; produced in 
Italy and Paris, 3 opere buffe, a can- 
tata, and 7 opiras comiques. 

DE^LLBR, Florian (ca. 1730-1774): 
b. Drosendorf, d. Munich; was mem- 
ber of the court orchestra, concert con- 
ductor and court composer at Stutt- 
gart; lived also in Vienna and Munich. 
He "wrote singspiele, comic operas, trio 
sonatas and symphonies. 

DElIiliE: SEIDIB, Bnrlco (1826-1907) : 
b. Leghorn, d. Paris; received train- 
ing from Galeffl, Persanola, and Do- 
meniconi; sang first in Verdi's Nabu- 
co; sang in opera in Italy and Paris, 
then became professor of singing at 
the Conservatoire; wrote 2 books on 
dramatic singing. 

DELIiUVGER, Rndolf (1857-1910) : 
b. Graslitz, Bohemia, d. Dresden; stud- 
ied in the Conservatory of Prague; 
clarinettist, conductor and director; 
conducted in Hamburg and Dresden, 
where he produced 7 operettas. 

DEILAIAS, Jean-Frangols (1861-) : 
b. Lyons; studied at the Paris Con- 
servatoire, bass opera singer at Paris 
Op^ra. 

DEIiMOTTE, Henri-FIorent (1799- 
1836): b. Mons, d. there; author of the 
Notice biographique sut Roland Delat- 
tre (Orlando de Lasso). Ref.: (cited) 
VI. 58. 

DBLPRAT, Charles (1803-1888) : d. 
Pau, the Pyrenees; singing teacher in 
Paris; writer on the art of singing and 
the history of the Paris Conservatoire. 

DBLSART, Julei^ (1844-1900) : b. at 
Valenciennes, d. in Paris; violoncellist. 
He studied at the Paris Academy of 
Music and at the Conservatoire, and in 
1884 succeeded Franchomme as pro- 
fessor of violoncello there. 

DEL, S ARTE, Francois [-Alexan- 
dre-Nlcolas-Cheri] (1811-1871): b. 
Solesme, d. Paris; studied with Choron, 
Garaude and Ponchard; sang in Opira. 
Comique and the Varietes, then turned 
St. Simonist and became church choir 
director at the church of Abbi Chatel; 
established teaching courses, gave his- 
torical concerts in which he inter- 
preted the vocal works of Lully, Gluck 
and Rameau with great success, and 
was in high demand as vocal teacher. 
He collected and edited Les archives du 
chant (reproducing the original edi- 
tions with the bass written out). Ref.: 
X. 207, 211f, 214. 

DEliTJNE, liOnis (1876- ) : b. 
Charleroi, Belgium; studied in Brus- 
sels, composer of choruses, violin and 
'cello sonatas, and songs. 

DEMACHI, Glnseppl (18th cent.) : 
b. at Piedmont; violinist. During 1740 



Demunck 

he was a member of the court orchestra 
at Turin, and in 1771 he was instru- 
mental composer in Geneva. Orchestral 
quartets, violin sonatas and concert 
symphonies are among his works. 

DEMANTIUS, Chrlstoph (1567- 
1643) : b. Relchenberg, d. Freiberg, Sax- 
ony ; composer of sacred and secular mu- 
sic ; Te Deums, magnificats, masses, can- 
zonettas, villanelles, etc., also a 'Ger- 
man Passion.' He wrote 2 theoretical 
treatises. 

D£MAR, Joseph Sebastian (1763- 
1832) : b. at Gauaschach, Bavaria ; d. 
Orleans; pupil of F. X. Richter, organ- 
ist, conductor and writer of concertos 
for violin, piano, clarinet, horn; also 
sonatas and instrumental text-books. 

DEMAREST, Clifford, contempo- 
rary American organist and composer. 
Ref.: IV. 358f. 

DEMELIUS, Christian (1643-1711): 
b. at Schlettau, Saxony; d. at Nord- 
hausen; composer. In 1700 he wrote 
4-part motets and arias. He is the 
author of a book on elementary music 
teaching. 

DEMENYI, Desidertns (1871- ) : 
b. Budapest; founded Zenekozlony, the 
leading musical journal of Hungary; 
comp. sacred music, an operetta, sev- 
eral melodramas and many songs. 

DEMETRIUS. Ref.: (mysteries) X. 
61, 67, 69. 

DEMEUR (1) Anne Ars6ne (nie 
Charton) (1827-1892) : b. Saujon, Cha- 
rente ; d. Paris ; operatic and concert so- 
prano; sang in Toulouse, Brussels, Lon- 
don, St. Petersburg, Vienna, Paris and 
America; sang comic and Italian opera, 
also in three of Berlioz's operas. (2) 
Jules Antolne (1814-(?]): b. Hodi- 
mont-les-Verviers ; studied at the Brus- 
sels Conservatory and with Dorus; flut- 
ist at Brussels Opera and at Drury Lane ; 
accompanied his wife (1) on her tours. 

DEIHOL (1) Ranleqnin (15th cent.) : 
Flemish composer of church music. 
(2) Pierre (1825-1899): b. Brussels, d. 
Alost; studied in Brussels, 'cellist and 
teacher at Besan?on, composed 3 can- 
tatas, a mass, 12 string quartets, an 
opera and an oratorio. (3) Frangois- 
Marie (1844-1883) : b. Brussels, d. 
Ostend; studied at the Brussels Con- 
servatory, organist in Brussels and 
Marseilles, professor in Marseilles and 
conductor in Brussels. He was nephew 
of Pierre. (4) -WlUem (1846-1874) : b. 
Brussels, d. Marseilles; brother of 
Franfois, organist and student in Brus- 
sels, composer of popular cantatas and 
songs to Flemish texts. 

DEMUNCK (1) Francois (1815- 
1854): b. Brussels, d. there; student 
and professor of the 'cello at Brussels 
Conservatory; 'cellist also in London; 
wrote a fantasy and variations. (2) 
Ernest (1840-1915) : b. Brussels, d. 
there; son of Francois; virtuoso on 
'cello in Great Britain and Paris; 'cel- 
list at the Weimar court, professor 
of the 'cello in the London Royal 



109 



Demuth 

Academy of Music since 1893. In 1879 
he married Carlotta Patti (q.v.). 

DEMUTH, Leopold (1861-1910) : b. 
Briinn, d. Gzernovitz; baritone; pupil 
of Gansbacher at tlie Vienna Cons, 
He has sung at Halle, Leipzig and 
Hamburg, and in 1897 became a mem- 
ber of Viennese court opera. 

DEJfEFVE, Jules (1814-1877) : b. 
Chlmay; studied at Brussels, became 
professor at the ^cole de Musique, and 
'cellist at the theatre in Mons; later 
he directed the tcole, concerts and 
choral societies. He composed 3 operas, 
cantatas, male choruses, etc. 

DEIVGREMOXT, Maurice (1866- 
1893) : b. Rio de Janeiro, d. Buenos 
Ayres; violin prodigy at 11, who held 
the attention of Europe for several 
years. 

DENJVlSE, Cliarles [Frederick] 
(1863- ) : b. Oswego; studied at New 
England (ions, and from 1883 piano- 
forte instructor tliere; composed com- 
ic operas ; violin, 'cello and piano 
suites, salon pieces, character studies, 
songs, etc. His 'Progressive Technique' 
is a detailed study of technique for 
the pianoforte. 

DENNER, Joliann Chrlstopli (1655- 
1707): b. at Leipzig, d. at Nuremberg; 
instrument-maker. About the end of 
the seventeenth century he became the 
inventor of the clarinet, by virtue of 
his discovery of the over-blow hole, 
to which he was led by attempts to 
improve the old French chalumeau (of 
cylindrical bore and single reed). He 
established a factory "which was con- 
tinued very successfully by his sons. 
Ref.: Vin. 85. 

DEIVT, Edward James (1876- ) : 
b. at Ribston, Yorkshire; music his- 
torian; Mus. Bac, 1899, and fellow at 
King's College, Cambridge, 1902. He 
is the author of 'Alessandro Scarlatti, 
His Life and Works' (1905) and 'Mo- 
zart's Operas' (1913) ; and has con- 
tributed largely to the 'Encyclopedia 
Britannlca' and 'Grove's Dictionary.' 
Ref.: III. 431. 

DEIVTICE, Sclpio (1560-1633) : d. 
Naples; an Italian composer who wrote 
five books of 5-part madrigals and one 
book of motets. 

DENZA, LnlKi (1846- ) : b. Cas- 
tellammare di Stabbia; studied in the 
Naples Conservatory; wrote one opera, 
Wallenstein, and about 500 songs, 
among them the well-known Funiculi- 
funlcula; director of the London Acad- 
emy of Music and singing teacher at 
the Royal Academy there. Ref.: III. 
401; V. 323. 

DEPPE, liUdwig (1828-1890): b. 
Alverdissen, Lippe, d. Bad Pyrmont; 
studied in Hamburg and Leipzig, taught 
in Hamburg and conducted the Berlin 
Royal Opera, also the Royal Kapelle 
concerts. He wrote a symphony and 
2 overtures, also a "well-known piano 
method and a biographical account of 
his years as court conductor. 



110 



Deslaudres 

DEPRES. See Josquin. 

DEPROSSE, Anton (1838-1878) : b. 
Munich, d. in Berlin; composer. He 
studied in the Royal Music School and 
under Stunz and Herzog. From 1861- 
1864 he taught at the same school. 
Among his compositions are songs, 
piano pieces, an oratorio and, in manu- 
script, operas. 

DERCKS, Emll (1849-1911): b. at 
Donnerau, Silesia ; organist and com- 
poser. He was a pupil of the Royal 
Institute in Berlin, and later studied 
under d' Albert; founded oratorio and 
concert societies at Koslin and at Bres- 
lau director of the Waetzoldtsche So- 
ciety, etc. His songs are worth spe- 
cial mention, also a song book for 
high schools and a pamphlet, Kirchen- 
choT und Dirigent. 

DE RESZKE. See Reszke. 

DEREPAS, Gustavc: (quoted on 
Franck) II. 472. 

DEREYJTE, Pely (1883- ) : b. 
in Marseilles; opera singer; a pupil of 
Blasini, and since her debut, in 1903, 
has sung at Covent Garder, at the Bos- 
ton Opera House, the Metropolitan Op- 
era House, in South America and in 
Italy. 

DBRIHG. See Deeeing. 

DERUYTS, Jean Jacques (1790- 
1871) : b. Liege, d. there; instructor and 
composer. His compositions consist of 
church music, a Te Deum, masses, mo- 
tets and offertories. He taught C^sar 
Franck while the latter "was at Li^ge. 

DE SANCTIS, Cesare (1830- ): 
b. at Albano, Rome; Italian composer. 
He wrote fugues, an overture and a 
Requiem mass, and has published 
treatises on music. 

DfiSAUGIERS, Marc-Antoine (1742- 
1793): b. at Frejus, d. In Paris; com- 
poser. He was a self-taught musician, 
who prod, little operas of natural 
charm in Paris theatres. He celebrated 
the storming of the Bastille in a festi- 
val cantata, Hierodrame. He was a 
friend of Gluck and Sacchlni, and 
when the latter died he wrote a 
Requiem for him. 

DESCARTES, RenS (Renartns 
Cartesius) (1596-1650) : b. at La Haye, 
Touraine; d. at Stockholm; celebrated 
philosopher. Among his writings is a 
small Compendium mnsices (1618), 
which shows him to have had an ex- 
traordinary understanding of music. 
His letters also contain short references 
to music. 

DESIiANDRES, Adolpli-fidonard 
Marie (1840-1911): b. Paris, d. there; 
organist and composer. He was a 
pupil at the Paris Conservatoire un- 
der Leborne and Benoist, and in 1862 
became the organist at Ste. Marie at 
Batignolles. Among his works are a 
number of noted choral works, includ- 
ing the Ode a I'harmonie, masses, 'The 
Seven Words on the Cross,' and can- 
tatas ; ' also concertante instr. pieces. 
Several of his small operas were pro- 



Desmarets 

duced, among them Dimanche et Landi 
(1872), Le Chevalier Bijou (1875) and 
Fridolin (1876). 

DESMARBTS, Henri (1662-1741) : 
b, Paris, d. Lun^ville; French courtier 
and composer, wrote 6 operas and 3 
ballets. As he had secretly married 
the daughter of a high ofllcial he was 
condemned for abduction; banished 
from the court of Louis XIV, he be- 
came mattre de mnsique to Philip 
V In Spain and later intendant for 
the Duke of Lorraine at Luneville. 
He also wrote church music, a 
Te Deum, motets, etc., which were pub- 
lished under the name of Goupillier. 

DESMOND, Olga. Re/.; X. 22, 193, 
212 

DESORMES, lionls C. (1845-1898) : 
b. Algiers, d. Paris; composer and con- 
ductor. 

DBSPRBS, Despres, Desprez, Jos- 
qnin. See Josquin. 

DESSAU, Bernhard (1861- ) : b. 
in Hamburg; violinist. He studied un- 
der Schradieck, Joachim, and Wieni- 
awski; held successive positions as 
concert-master at Gorlitz, Ghent, Ko- 
nigsberg, etc., and at Rotterdam was 
teacher at the Conservatory. Since 
1898 he has been active as concert- 
master at the Berlin Hofoper. He is 
the author of compositions for the 
violin. 

DESSATJER (1) Josef (1798-1876) : 
b. Prague, d. Modling; studied 
with Tomaschek and Weber; wrote 
popular songs, string quartets, over- 
tures and 5 operas. (2) HelnTicli 
(1863- ): b. Wilrzburg; studied in 
Munich and Berlin; violinist; taught 
in Breslau and Linz; devoted much 
time to the problem of enlarging the 
viola without changing the finger- 
board. He wrote Universal-Violinschule 
(1907). 

DBSSOFF, [Felix] Otto (1835- 
1892) : b. Leipzig, d. Frankfort-on- 
Main; studied with Moscheles, Haupt- 
mann and Rietz at the Leipzig Cons.; 
conductor of theatres In Chemnitz, Al- 
tenburg, Diisseldorf, Aachen, Magde- 
burg, and of the Vienna court opera, 
where he also taught at the Cons, of 
the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, and 
cond. of Philharmonic concerts ; court 
conductor in Carlsruhe and chief con- 
ductor at Frankfort Stadttheater. He 
published some chamber music, a 
piano sonata, etc. 

DESSOIR (1) Max (1867- ): b. 
Berlin; author and philosopher. In 
his Zeitschrift fUr Asthetik and allge- 
meine Kunstwissenschaft he treats ex- 
tensively of music. (2) Snsanne 
(1869- ) : (n^e Triepel) ; b. Griln- 
berg, Silesia; wife of Max; pianist, 
singer and author. As a pupil of 
Amalia Joachim, she studied foj, ora- 
torio and opera. She made a reputa- 
tion as champion of modern composers, 
and for exemplary song-recital pro- 
grams. 

Ill 



Deswert 

DESTINN (Klttl), Emmy (1878-) : 
b. at Prague; dramatic soprano. She 
discarded her own name to adopt that 
of her teacher. She made her d^but 
as Santuzza in the Berlin Hofoper, 
lived afterward in Prague and has 
sung with success at Bayreuth, the Met- 
ropolitan Opera House in New York, 
at Covent Garden and tlie Berlin Royal 
Opera. She is the author of a drama, 
'Rahel,' of poems and stories. Ret.: 
IV. 153. 

DESTOUCHES (1) Andre-Cardlnal 
(1672-1749): b. Paris, d. there; studied 
at the Paris Jesuit School, and later 
with Campra, for whose Europe galante 
he wrote several numbers. After the 
success of his opera Issi, D. became 
general Inspector of the Academic 
(1713) and mattre de chapelle-musiqae 
(1726) and chief intendant (1728). He 
wrote further the operas Amadis de 
Grece (1699) ; Marthdsie (1699) ; Om- 
phale (1701); Callirhoe (1712); TM- 
maque et Calypso (1714) ; Semiramis 
(1718) ; also the ballets Le Carnaval et 
la Folie (1704); Les Elements (1725) 
and Les stTatagim.es de I'amour (1726) ; 
also the two solo cantatas Oenone 
(1716) and Semili (1719), which were 
printed; and some church compositions, 
incl. a Te Deum several times per- 
formed. D. was much admired by 
Louis XIV, who considered him the 
only substitute for Lully. (2) Franz 
Seraph von (1772-1844) : b. Munich, 
d. there; conductor and teacher in Wei- 
mar and court conductor in Hamburg; 
composed 1 opera, 1 comic opera and 1 
operetta, and the music to Schiller's 
Vfallensteins Tod, Macbeth, Tarandot, 
Braut von Messina, Jungfrau von Or- 
leans and Tell; to 2 plays by Kotzebue; 
also piano sonatas, etc., a piano con- 
certo and a trio. 

DESTRANGES, Louis-Augnstta- 
£tlenne-RonlIie- (1863- ) : b. Nan- 
tes; editor and contributor to musical 
journals, wrote several books on Wag- 
ner, Franck, Meyerbeer, Verdi, Saint- 
Saens, etc., and a number of thematic 
guides to modern operas (d'Indy, Cha- 
brier, Bruneau, Humperdinck, etc.) ; 
also Berlioz's Troyens. 

DESVIGIVES, Victor Francois 
(1805-1853) : b. at Treves, d. at Metz: 
composer. For many years he directed 
theatres for operettas in French prov- 
inces. In 1832 he founded the conserva- 
tory at Metz, which quickly became a 
succursale of the Paris Conservatory. 
His pieces Include chamber music, 
church chorales, and several operas in 
manuscript. 

DESWERT (de Swert) (1) Jnles 
(1843-1891): b. Louvain, d. Ostend; 
conductor, 'cellist and composer. He 
studied with Servais in Brussels, con- 
cert-master at Diisseldorf, was first 
'cellist at Weimar, and in Berlin 
taught, appeared as virtuoso and 
was Royal concert-master. In 1873 
he became director of the Ostend 



D6thier 

School of Music; teacher at Ghent 
and Bruges Cons.; composed 3 'cello 
concertos, 'cello pieces, a symphony; 
prod. 2 operas. (2) Jean Cas- 
par Isidore (1830-1896) : b. Brussels, 
d. there; brother of Jules and pro- 
fessor of the 'cello at the Cons, of 
Brussels. 

D£:THIE;r (1) Gaston: contemp. 
Belgian organist resident in New York. 
Ref.: VI. 501. (2) fidouard (1885-) : 
b. Lifege ; concert violinist ; studied at 
the conservatories of Liege and Brus- 
sels; d^but Brussels, 1903; toured 
United States and Canada; professor 
at the Institute of Musical Art, New 
York, since 1906. 

DETTMER, Wilhelm (1808-1876) : 
b. at Breinum near Hildesheim, d. 
at Frankfort; singer. He was the son 
of a farmer, and after completing his 
education joined a troupe of wander- 
ing actors. After a long apprentice- 
ship in minor roles at Hanover, Bres- 
lau, Cassel, he became a leading oper- 
atic bass in Dresden. He was distin- 
guished as a leading comedian. 

DBVIENNE, Francois (1759-1803) : 
b. at Joinville, d. at Charenton; flutist, 
bassoonist, writer and composer; pro- 
fessor at the Conservatoire until 1902. 
He wrote many operettas, 11 operas, 
concertante pieces for wind instr. and 
orchestra, symphonies, flute concertos, 
chamber music and sonatas for vari- 
ous instruments. He also published a 
Flute Method (1795). 

DEVRIEJTT (1) Ednard (1801- 
1877): b. Berlin, d. Carlsruhe; bari- 
tone at the Berlin Royal Opera, di- 
rected the court operas of Dresden and 
of Carlsruhe; author of 5 books on 
drama and music. Ref.: VI. 242 (ifoot- 
note) ; IX. 216. (2) -Wllhelmine. See 
Schrodee-Devrient. 

DEWEY, Ferdinand (1851-1900) : b. 
at Montpelier, d. at Beverley, Mass. 
(U.S.) ; pianist, composer and teacher. 

DEYO, Rnth Lynda (1884- ) : b. 
Poughkeepsie, New York; concert pi- 
anist; dibut Berlin, 1904; toured Eu- 
rope and the United States, with 
Casals, 1915-16. 

DEZ£:DE, (Desaides) (ca. 1740- 
1792) : b. in Lyons, d. in Paris; comic 
opera composer. From 1772 be wrote 18 
pieces of from one to three acts, given 
both in Paris and in Germany (Julie, 
etc.). 

DIABELIil, Antonio (1781-1858) : b. 
at Mattsee, near Sulzburg, d. in Vienna; 
Instructor and composer; pupil of 
Michael Haydn; monk at Raiten- 
haslach, then piano and guitar teacher 
in Vienna, late publisher (at first assoc. 
with Cappl, then independent, 1824-54, 
selling out to C. A. Spina). He was a 
prolific writer of masses, cantatas, and 
chamber music, but only his educa- 
tional works (sonatas, 2 and 4 hand, 
sonatinas, etc.) still deserve recogni- 
tion. He was Schubert's chief pub- 
lisher and was acquainted with Beetho 



112 



Dickinson 

ven, who wrote a set of variations on a 
waltz by D. (op. 120). Ref.: VII. 165. 

DIAGHIIiEFP, Serge; contemp. 
Russian ballet impresario; b. Novgo- 
rod, educated at Moscow Univ., court 
counsellor; founded an art journal in 
St. Petersburg and formed a circle of 
modernists in various art branches; in- 
troduced Russian paintings (Bakst) and 
Russian opera in Paris; organized a 
Ballet Russe which champions reform 
principles in the unity of action, music 
and decorations, created ballets enlist- 
ing the services of Bakst and other 
painters, Stravinsky among the musi- 
cians, and Fokine, Karsavlna, Nijinsky, 
etc., among the dancers. The organi- 
zation appeared with great success in 
Paris from 1912 and in London, also 
1915-16 in the United States. Ref.: 
X. 219f; (Russian ballet) III. 331, 340; 
X. 176, 185, 200. 

DIANA, Greek goddess. Ref.: X. 54. 

DIAZ [de la PE^AL.] EngSne- 
[£mlle] (1837-1901) : b. Paris, d. Cole- 
ville, France; composer. He studied 
at the Conservatoire under Halevy and 
Reber and has written songs and 3 
operas, one of which. La Coupe du Roi 
de Thule, received the great prize of 
the state in 1869. 

DIBBERN, Karl (1855- ) : b. Al- 
tona ; conductor and composer of light 
operas, also 2 serious ones. 

DIBDIN (1) Cbarles (1745-1814): b. 
Southampton, d. in London; composer, 
singer, actor and manager. He was 
the author as well as the composer of 
a large number of light operas, and 
well known in his day tlirough his 
'table entertainments,' called first 'The 
Whim of the Moment,' later 'The Oddi- 
ties,' and which included a large num- 
ber of sea songs very popular In Eng- 
land during her war with France. Dlb- 
din wrote on musical subjects in two 
voliunes called 'The Musical Mentor' 
and 'Music Epitomised,' also a didactic 
poem 'The Harmonic Preceptor.' Ref.: 
V. 172. (2) Henry Edward (1818-1866) : 
b. at Sadler's Wells, d. in Edinburgh; 
organist and composer. He was the 
youngest son of Charles, and a profi- 
cient student of the organ and the 
violin and harp. In 1857 he published 
'The Standard Psalm Tune Book,' the 
most complete and authentic of collec- 
tions, most of the material for which 
he drew from ancient psalters. His 
other compilation is called the 'Praise 
Book' and was published in 1865. 

DICKINSON (1) Edward (1853-) : 
b. Springfield, Mass.; studied music in 
Boston and Berlin; organist in Spring- 
field; organist, teacher, director in 
Elmira College, N. Y. ; professor in 
Oberlin College and Cons.; author of 
'Music in the History of the Western 
Church' (1902), 'The Study of the His- 
tory of Music' (1905) and 'The Educa- 
tion of a Music Lover' (1911). Ref.: 
(quoted, etc.) II. 130; VI. 38, 63, 122. 
(2) Clarence (1873- ) : b. Lafayette, 



Dickons 

Indiana; organist and conductor; wrote 
a comic opera, organ pieces and songs. 

DICKOIVS, Mrs. (nie Poole) (1770- 
1833) : b. in London; soprano. She was 
a pupil of Rauzzini, and appeared first 
at the age of seventeen at Covent Gar- 
den Theatre as Ophelia. In 1812 she 
played the Countess in Mozart's Nozze 
di Figaro and spent the next six years 
at Italian opera in France and Italy. 
She returned to England in 1818 as 
Rosina in Bishop's version of Rossini's 
•Barber of Seville,' and a few years 
later withdrew from public life on 
account of ill health. 

DIDEIiOT, Charles IiOnis. Ref.: X. 
151, 154, 161, 164f, 180f. 

DIDEROT, Denis (1713-1784): b. 
Langres, d. Paris ; the celebrated editor- 
in-chief of the 'Encyclopedic' (1751-65), 
was also author of Principes d'acoas- 
tique and Memoires sur diffirents su- 
jets de mathimatique. His opinions 
on music are contained in his Neveu 
de Rameau, which was first pub. in 
German (translated from the original 
MS. by Goethe, 1805), then in French 
re-translation, and in the original ver- 
sion not till 1821. In Grimm's Corre- 
spondence litUraire are also articles 
by D., and his correspondence with 
Grimm is likewise interesting. 

DIDYMUS (1st cent. B. C.) : b. Alex- 
andria, d. there; theoretician. Besides 
voluminous references to music in his 
other works, he wrote a treatise on 
harmony, which is cited In the works 
of Porphyry and Ptolemy. He calcu- 
lated the relations of tones In the 
tetrachord, mathematically fixing the 
relation of the major third as 4:5 in 
all classes of scales. The difference 
between the major and minor second 
(9/8:10/9) is called, after D., the Di- 
dymic, otherwise 'syntonic,' conuna 
(81:80). 

DIKBOIiD, Johann (1842- ): b. 
Schlatt; organist and choir director. 
His compositions include masses, mo- 
tets and works for the organ. 

DIECKIHANN, Brnst (1861- ): 
b. Stade; organist. He studied under 
Haupt, L5schhom and Alsleben, or- 
ganist at the cathedral in Verden 
(Aller) ; also conductor of an oratorio 
society. He composed songs and choral 
pieces. 

DIEMER (1) Philip Henry (1839-) : 
b. Bedford; pianist, organist and com- 
poser. A pupil of Holmes and Mac- 
farren at me London Royal Academy 
of Music; he was organist of Trinity 
Church and music teacher at Bedford. 
He led the chamber music and was 
pianist for the Music Society at Bed- 
ford, which he himself organized, and 
is remembered as the composer of can- 
tatas, anthems, part-songs and piano 
works. (2) (Dimmer), Lonls (1S43-) : 
b. Paris; noted pianist. He studied 
pianoforte with Marmontel, the organ 
with Benoist, and was also a pupil of 
Bazin and of Thomas at the Conserva- 



Dietrlch 

toire. In 1888 he was made professor 
of the piano at the Cons, as Marmon- 
tel's successor. He gave a series of 
very successful historical piano reci- 
tals during the Paris Exposition of 
1889, later founded the SocUti des 
anciens instruments, and edited a 2 vol. 
collection Clavicinistes franeais. He 
composed a piano concerto, concert 
pieces for piano and for violin, cham- 
ber music, and many piano pieces. 

DIENEIi, Otto (1839-1905) : b. Tie- 
fenfurth, Silesia; d. Berlin; organist 
and composer. He studied at Gorlitz 
and at Bunzlau, and the Royal Insti- 
tute of Berlin; was organist at the 
Marienkirche and author of Die mo- 
derne Orgel (1889) ; also composer of 
sacred music, organ pieces, etc. 

DIBIVEII, Franz (1849-1879) : b. 
Dessau, d. there; violinist and tenor. 
He played in Dessau and in Berlin, and 
sang first at Berlin, then Cologne, Ber- 
lin, Nuremberg, Hamburg and Dres- 
den. 

DIEPENBROCK, A. J. M. (1862-) : 
b. Amsterdam; noted teacher and com- 
poser of church music; wrote 2 Stabat 
Mater, a Te Deum, a mass, and spir- 
itual songs. 

DIBRICH, Carl (1852- ): b. 
Heinrichau; noted tenor. He was a 
pupil of Graben-Hoffmann in Dresden, 
sang there, in Weimar and in Berlin. 
He married Meta Geyer, well-known 
lieder singer (soprano). 

Dies, Albert K. (1755-1822): b. 
Hanover, d. Vienna; a landscape paint- 
er, who wrote Biographische Nachrich- 
ten von Joseph Haydn, nach milnd- 
lichen Erzahlungen desselben (1819). 

DIET, Edmond-Harle (1854- ) : 
b. Paris; operatic composer. He stud- 
ied with Franck and Guiraud, wrote 
ballets, pantomimes, operettas and 
comic operas. 

DIETER, Christian liUdwigr (1757- 
1822): b. Ludwigsburg, d. Stuttgart; 
violinist and composer. He composed 
8 Singspiele, 2 comic operas and a 
grand opera, Laura Rosetti, and has 
left in manuscript for violin, horn and 
flute, etc. 

DIETGER. See Theogerus. 

DIETRICH (1) SixtuB (Xistus 
Theodoricns) (ca. 1490 or '95-1548) : 
b. Augsburg, d. St. Gallen; teacher and 
composer in Strassburg, Constance and 
Wittenberg. Of his works 4-part Mag- 
nificats (1535), 4-part antiphonies 
(1541), 4-part Hymns (1545) are pub. 
separately, while motets, songs, etc., 
by him occur frequently in German col- 
lections from 1535 to 1568. (2) Albert 
Hermann (1829-1908) : b. Golk, near 
Meissen; d. Berlin; studied with Julius 
Otto, and with Rletz, Moscheles, etc., 
at the Leipzig Cons., then was a pupil 
of Schumann (1851-54). He was con- 
ductor of the Bonn subscription con- 
certs from 1854 and court Kapellmeister 
in Oldenburg, 1861. In 1890 he went 
to Berlin, and became member of the 



113 



Dietrichstein 

Royal Academy and royal professor 
(1899). His compositions include a 
sympliony in D minor, overture Nor- 
mannenschlacht, choral worlis with 
orchestra, romance for horn and or- 
chestra; violin concerto, 'cello concerto, 
'cello sonata, 4-hand piano sonata; 
trios, duets, songs, piano pieces, etc.; 
also 2 operas ('Robin Hood' and Das 
Sonntagskind) . He wrote Erinnerungen 
an J. Brahms (1898). Ref.: III. 14, 
257; (quot. on Brahms) II. 451; VIII. 
251. (3) Marie: b. Weinsberg; color- 
atura soprano who studied with Vlar- 
dot-Garcla, then sang in Stuttgart court 
opera and the Berlin opera. 

DIETRICHSTEIN, Moritz, Graf 
(1775-1864): b. Vienna, d. there; com- 
poser and court librarian. 

DIETTER. See Dieteb. 

DIETSCH, Flerre-IiOnls-Phllippe 
(1808-1865): b. Dijon, d. Paris; studied 
at the Conservatoire, choirmaster at 
St. Eustaches, the 'Madeleine,' later con- 
ductor of the Opera; composer of 
church music and works for the or- 
gan. D. made a setting of Wagner's 
'Flying Dutchman' text (in Fr. trans- 
lation) which its author had sold after 
his own setting was refused. Ref.: 
in. 291; IX. 267. 

DIETZ (1) Jobann Christian (1788- 
1845) : b. Darmstadt, d. Holland; instru- 
ment maker and inventor of melodeon. 
(2) Christian; son of (1), piano- 
maker and inventor of the polyplec- 
tron. (3) Friedrich Wilhelm (1833- 
1897): b. Marburg, d. Soden; violinist 
and composer. He studied with Spohr 
and Kraushaar, taught violin in 
Frankfort-on-Main, composed chamber 
music, also pieces for piano, violin and 
'cello. (4) Fliilipp: author of the 
'Restoration of Evangelical Church Mu- 
sic, etc' (in German, 1903). (5) Max 
(1857- ) : b. Vienna; scholar and 
author of Geschichte des musikalischen 
Drainas in Frankreich wahrend der 
Revolution bis zum Direktorium (1885) ; 
became Dozent (1886), then professor 
(1908) in musical science at the Vi- 
enna Univ. ; contributed to periodicals 
and edited old music. (6) Jobanna 
Margaretlia (1867- ) : b. Frankfort- 
on-Main; soprano. She studied at the 
Raff Conservatory, and became noted 
for concert singing, also for oratorio 
and songs. 

DIEtFPART, Charles ([?]-1740) : 
London player of harpsichord under 
Handel, composer of piano pieces, k 
suite, songs and dance music for piano, 
violin, flute, bass-viol and arch-lute. 

DIEZ, Sophie (nee Hartmann) 
(1820-1887): b. Munich, d. there; so- 
prano. 

DIGIVTJM, Charles (1765-1837) : Eng- 
lish singer and composer. 

DIL.LIGER, Johann (1593-1647) : b. 
Elsfeld, d. Coburg; deacon, theoretician 
and composer of sacred compositions 
(Lutheran). 

DIIiliON, Fanny, contemp. American 



Dixnta 

composer of piano pieces, etc. Ref.: 
rV. 405. 

DIMA, George (1847- ) : b. Kron- 
stadt; director of Rumanian musical 
societies in Hermannstadt and Kron- 
stadt, also church choirmaster and 
composer of vocal and instr. works. 

DIMIiER, Anton (1753-1819) : b. 
Mannheim, d. Munich; bassoonist and 
composer. He studied under Zywny 
and Abhi Vogler, produced sympho- 
nies, concerts, and quartets, also three 
operettas. 

DINGEIiSTEDT {nde LUTZER), 
Jenny (1816-1877) : b. Prague, d. Vien- 
na; opera-singer in Prague and Vienna. 

DINGER, Hugo (1865- ) : b. 
Colin; critic, professor of dramatic art 
at Jena; author of Richard Wagners 
geistige Entwicklnng and Die Meister- 
singer von Nilrnberg. 

DIODORUS. Ref.: (cited) X. 13. 

mONYSIUS of Syracuse. Ref.: X. 
54. 

DIONYSOS, in Greek mythology the 
god who personifies the forces of Na- 
ture. His cult symbolizes Creation and 
also Decline, and therefore comprises 
the element of tragedy, finding expres- 
sion in the Dithyramb. Contrary to 
the Apollonic idea (the contemplative 
enjoyment of the beauty of form) the 
Dionysian signifies in aesthetics the sub- 
ordination of the form to the spirit; 
thus in expressing the extremes of 
emotion the Dionysian becomes orgi- 
astic. The typical Dionysian or orgi- 
astic Instrument was the aulos, while 
the kithara was specifically connected 
with the cult of Apollo. (After Rle- 
mann). Ref.: X. 56, 67, 69, 74. 

DXPPEL, Andreas (1866- ) : b. 
Cassel; studied in Berlin, Milan and 
Vienna; operatic tenor in Bremen, New 
York, at the Vienna court opera, in 
Bayreuth and in London. In 1908 he 
became associate manager of the New 
York Metropolitan Opera, later director 
of the Chicago and Philadelphia Opera 
Company. Slore recently he devoted 
himself to the management of modem 
opera comique in the .U. S. Ref.: IV. 
147, 152fr, 154, 171f, 179. 

DIPPER, Thomas (18th cent.) : or- 
ganist of King's Chapel, Boston. Ref.: 
IV. 57f. 

DIRUTA (1) Girolamo (ca. 1560- 
[?]): b. Perugia; studied with Porta, 
Zarllno, Gabrieli and Merulo; entered 
the Minorite Cloister at Corregio; or- 
ganist in Venice, at the Chioggia Cathe- 
dral and at Gubbio; pub. II Transil- 
vano o Dialogo sopra il vero nxodo di 
sonar organi e instrumenti da penna 
(1st part 1593; 2nd part ISopra il vero 
modo di intavolare ciascum canto sem- 
plice diminuito] 1609), containing tech- 
nical directions for organ, a counter- 
point treatise, etc. Ref.: VII. 422f. (2) 
Asostino: Augustine monk, born In 
Perugia, maestro di cappella in Asola, 
Rome and Perugia; composer of church 
music and poesie heroiche (1617-47). 



114 



Disdn 

DISTIN (1) Join (1793-1863): Eng- 
lish trumpeter, who invented the key- 
bugle. (2) Theodore (1823-1893): b. 
Brighton, d. London; son of John, 
singer (baritone and bass), and com- 
poser. 

DITSON, Oliver (1811-1888): found- 
er in Boston, Mass., of the first large 
American music publishing firm, now 
with branches in Philadelphia (con- 
ducted by his son, J. E)d>vard), in New 
York (under the direction of his son, 
Charles H.) and in Chicago under the 
name of Lyon & Healy. 

DITTERS [VOBT DITTERSDORFI, 
Carl (1739-1799) : b. Vienna, d. Neuhof, 
District of Pllgram, Bohemia; stud- 
ied with Konig, Ziegler, Trani, Bono; 
violinist in the orchestra of Prince Jo- 
seph of Hildburghausen, then at the 
Vienna court theatre, toured Italy with 
Gluck, winning great fame as violin- 
ist; Kapellmeister to the Bishop of 
Grosswardein, Hungary (1764-69) ; to 
the Prince-Bishop of Breslau at Johan- 
nesburg, Silesia, where a theatre was 
erected for the production of his op- 
eras. In 1770 he received the papal 
Order of the Golden Spur, three years 
later was ennobled by the Emperor; 
though, being prodigal of his means, he 
was obliged to accept the hospitality 
of the Baron von Stillfried in his 
castle Rothlhotta. Among his 28 op- 
eras (Singspiele) the best are Dokter 
und Apotheker, Betrug dnrch Aber- 
glauben, Liebe im Narrenbaus, Hierong- 
mus Knicker and Rothkappchen, of 
which the first still appears on the 
Viennese stage. In a sense it stamps 
him as Mozart's forerunner in Ger- 
man opera. Ditters also wrote can- 
tatas, oratorios, 12 orchestral sympho- 
nies on Ovid's 'Metamorphoses' which 
are remarkable examples of early or- 
chestral program music (the six yet 
extant being reprinted, Leipzig, 1899), 
over 40 other symphonies (mostly MS.), 
violin concertos, string quartets, diver- 
tissements for 2 violins and 'cello, so- 
natas (4 hands) and preludes for piano, 
etc. Ref.: II. 2, 49, 63, 67, 11, 94, 114; 
VII. 419; Vin. 167ff; IX. 83, 99; por- 
trait, VIII. 166. 

DITTBRSDORP. See DiTTEBS. 

DIVITIS, Antonins (de Rljcke, 
Antolne le Rlche) (16th cent.) : 
singer in the Bruges chapel, and in 
the court chapels of Brussels and 
Paris; composer of motets, chansons, 
masses, and other church music. 

D'lVRY. See Ivky. 

DIXOIV (1) George (1820-1887) : b. 
Norwich, d. Finchley; organist at 
Grantham, Retford and Louth, Mus. 
D. Oxon. ; composer of church music 
(Psalm 121, chorus and orch., etc.). (2) 
George ISf ashlngton : Amer. negro 
minstrel. Ref.: IV. 318. 

DIZI, Francois Joseph (1780-ca. 
1840): b. Namur, d. Paris; became a 
prot6g6 of ]6rard in London after he 
had lost all his belongings through an 



Dohn&nyl ' 

attempt to save a man from drowning; 
became a renowned teacher of harp, 
and composed much for the instrument. 
He also improved its mechanism, in- 
vented the perpendicular harp and 
estab. a harp factory in Paris with 
Pleyel (1830). This enterprise lacked 
success and D. became teacher to the 
Royal princesses. 

DJEmiL BEY (1858- ) : b. Con- 
stantinople; Turkish court 'cellist. 

DLABACZ, Gottfried Johann 
(1758-1820) : b. Cerhenitz, Bohemia, d. 
Prague; choir director and librarian in 
Prague; wrote a Bohemian biograph- 
ical dictionary and articles on the his- 
tory of art. 

DLUGORAJ, Adalbert (ca. 1550-ca. 
1603) : performer on the lute at the 
Polish court, composer of villanelles, 
of which 10 are pub. in Besard's 
Thesaurus masicns (Cologne, 1603). 

DLTTSKI, Erasmus (1857- ) : b. 
Podolia; studied at the St. Petersburg 
Cons, with Rimsky-Korsakoff, etc. He 
is the composer of a string quartet, 
Slavic rhapsodies, and 2 operas, also 
of many songs. 

DOBBER, Johannes (1866- ) : b. 
Berlin; studied and taught in Berlin, 
theatre conductor there, in Darmstadt, 
Coburg, and Hannover; produced 6 
operas, also operettas, a Tanzmarchen ; 
also wrote a symphony and numerous 
songs. 

DOBRZYIVSKI (1) Ignaz: conduc- 
tor to Senator Ilinsky; composer of 
polonaises, published by his son. (2) 
Ignaz Felix (1807-1867) : b. Romanoff, 
Volhynia; d. Warsaw; studied with his 
father and with Eisner as fellow-stu- 
dent of Chopin; was opera and concert 
conductor in Warsaw, and concertized 
in Germany. He composed 2 sympho- 
nies, a Suite characteristique and or- 
chestral fantasy, a piano concerto, 
chamber music, violin, 'cello and piano 
pieces, and one opera, 'The Filibus- 
ters.' (3) Johanna, nee Miller: wife 
of Ignaz Felix D. ; singer and teacher 
at the dramatic school of Warsaw. 

DOEBBER, Johannes. See Dobbeb. 

DSHLER, Theodor [von] (1814- 
1856): b. Naples, d. Florence; pianist, 
studied with Benedict, Czerny and 
Sechter; pianist at the Naples court. 
In Germany, Austria, Denmark, Hol- 
land, England, France and Russia, 
where he devoted himself to composi- 
tion and married a Russian countess, 
being himself ennobled by the Duke of 
Lucca. He wrote nocturnes, variations, 
transcriptions, fantasies, etc., for the 
piano, which have elegance but lack 
depth; also one opera, Tancreda. Ref.: 
VII. 64. 

DOHNANYI, Ernst von (1877- ) ; 
b. Pressburg; composer; studied with 
Karl Forstner in Pressburg, with Tho- 
mfin and Hans Koessler at the Acad- 
emy of Music in Pesth, and for a 
short time with d' Albert; was teacher 
of piano at the Royal High School for 



Dohm 

Music, in Berlin, and became profes- 
sor there in 1908. His compositions In- 
clude 2 symphonies, the overture 
Zrinyi, a suite for orchestra, variations 
for piano and orchestra, a piano quin- 
tet, 2 piano concertos, a Konzertstuck 
for 'cello, 4 rhapsodieSj, 2 string quar- 
tets, a serenade for string trio, 2 'cello 
sonatas, a string sextet, 2 piano so- 
natas, variations for piano and 'cello, 
a 'cello sonata, a violin sonata, Pas- 
sacaglittj humoresques, etc., for piano, 
a piano suite, a hallet pantomime, Der 
Schleier der Pierrette (1910), a one act 
opera, Xante Simone (1912), songs, etc. 
Ref.: III. 195f; YII. 338, 589; VIII. 419; 
X. 166; portrait. III. 192. 

DOHRIV (1) Georg (1867- ) : b. 
Bahrendorf, near Magdeburg; studied 
at the Cologne Conservatory, chorus 
repetitor at the Munich opera, opera 
conductor in Flensburg, Weimar and 
Munich; director of the Breslau Or- 
chesterverein and Singakademie. (2) 
Wolf and Harald. Ref.: X. 234. 

DOLBY, Charlotte. See Sainton, 
Madame. 

DOLCI, painter. Ref.: X. 45. 

DOLES, Jobann Friedrlch. (1715- 
1797) : b. Steinbach-Hallenberg, d. 
Leipzig; pupil of J. S. Bach, became 
cantor at Freiberg (1744) and munici- 
pal cantor at the Thomasschule, Leip- 
zig, from 1756 to 1789. He published 
considerable church music, including 
iVeue Lieder (1750), Melodien zu Gel- 
lerts geistlichen Oden und Liedern 
(1758), also a book of chorales, songs 
with easy melodies for beginners, 4 
vols, chorale preludes. Psalm 46, and 
6 sonatas per il clavicembalo. He 
also wrote masses, passion music, Te 
Deum, etc. (MS.). Ref.: IL 107; VL 
457; IX. 80. 

DOMASriEVSKI, Boleslans (1859-) : 
b. Grondvek, Russian Poland; studied 
piano with Wieniawski and Rubin- 
stein; professor of pianoforte at Cra- 
cow Conservatory, director of the War- 
saw Music School, author of piano- 
forte technique manuals (.Vademecnm 
pour le pianiste, 2 vols., one of the 
most important of its kind), etc. 

DOMANOTVECZ, Nicolaus Zme- 
skall von. Ref.: VH. 492, 518. 

DOMARTO, Petrns de (late 16th 
cent.) : composer of the 4-part mass 
Spirltus Almas in Codex 14 of the papal 
chapel, long supposed to be his only 
extant work, but another mass (3 
parts) "was found by Haberl in Codex 
88 in Trent (now Vienna) also a 3-part 
Et in terra in Codex B80 of the chapter 
archives of St. Peter's, Rome. 

DOMINICETI, Cesare (1821-1888) : 
b. Desenzano, Largo di Garda, d. Sesto 
dl Monza; composer of 6 Italian operas 
and professor in Milan Conserva- 
tory. 

DOMINIQ,lIB, Parisian harlequin. 
Ref.: X. 100. 

DOMMEB, Arrey -von (1828-1905) : 
b. Danzig, d, Treysa, Thuringla; stud- 

1 



Donl 

ied under Schellenberg, Richter and 
Lobe; music critic and secretary to the 
city library, Hamburg, lived later in 
Marburg and wrote 3 books on musical 
history, theory and biography. He pub- 
lished a psalm for 8 voices. 

DOMNICH (1) Heinrlch (1767- 
1844) : b. Wilrzburg, d. Paris; horn 
player at Mayence and in Paris, where 
he studied with Punto; then teacher at 
the Conservatoire. He wrote concertos, 
concertantes, and romances for horn 
and piano. (2) Jakob (1758- ): 
horn player, brother of (1), settled in 
America. (3) Arnold (1771-1834): b. 
Wiirzburg, d. Meiningen; brother of 
(1) and (2) ; horn player. 

DONATI (1) Baldassare ([?]- 
1603) : d. Venice, where he sang in St. 
Mark's, conducted the 'little chapel' 
(which prepared singers for the great 
chapel) ; "was seminary director, and, 
after Zarlino's death (1590), chapel- 
master at St. Mark's. He was one of 
the most important writers of madri- 
gals and motets of his time. His works 
include 5- and 6-part Madrigals (1553), 
2 books 4-part Yillanesche alia Neapol- 
etana and Madrigals (1550) and a book 
of motets (5-8 parts, 1597). (2) Igna- 
zlo (early 17th cent.) : b. Casalmag- 
giore near Creniona; maestro di cap- 
pella in various Italian cities (Milan, 
1631-33), composer of church con- 
certos, masses, motets, madrigals, etc. 

DOSTAUDY, Stefano (1879- ): b. 
Palermo; wrote 4 operas, produced in 
Palermo and in Hamburg. 

DONE, ■William (1815-1895) : b. 
Worcester, d. there; English organist 
and conductor. 

DONGELIil, Domenico (1790-1873) : 
b. Bergamo, d. Bologna; tenor. 

DONI (1) Antonio Francesco (1519- 
1574) : b. Florence, d. Monselice, near 
Padua; entered the Servile Monastery 
but left it in 1539. He wrote, among 
other (non-musical) works, a 'Dialogue' 
on music (Latin, 1534, Ital. 1541, etc.), 
also a Libreria, important as a cata- 
logue for historians. (2) Giovanni 
Battista (1593-1647) : a Florentine 
nobleman who studied literature and 
philosophy at Bologna and Rome; law 
in France, taking his degree at Pisa. 
He went to Paris with Cardinal Cor- 
sini, then to Rouie at the invitation of 
Cardinal Barberinl, who was passion- 
ately fond of music, and with whom he 
travelled. He engaged chiefly in the 
study of ancient music, but also in- 
vented the Lyra Barberina, or Amphi- 
chord, a kind of double lyre, which he 
dedicated to Pope Urban VIII. He 
finally settled in Florence (1640) where 
he married and became ducal profes- 
sor. He wrote Compendia del trattato 
dei generi e modi delta masica (Rome, 
1635) ; Annotazioni on the above 
(Rome, 1640) ; De preestantia musicee 
veteris libri ires, etc. (Florence, 1647), 
and several minor essays in MS. Ref.: 
(quoted) I. 335. 

6 



Donizetti 

DONIZBTTI (1) 6aetano (l7d7- 
1848) : b. Bergamo, d. there. Though 
Intended for the law his natural bent 
was toward art. He studied architecture 
and literature, and in music became a 
pupil of Salari (singing), Gonzales (pi- 
ano) and Mayr (harmony) at Bergamo, 
later of Pilotti and Padre Mattel in Bo- 
logna. To satisfy his father he entered 
the army, but while stationed in Venice 
composed and produced his first opera 
Enrico di Borgogona (1819), which was 
successful, as was II Falegname di 
Livonia (1820), but Le nozze in Zilla, 
given in Mantua in 1820, failed. With 
the success of Zoralde di Granata 2 
years later, D. obtained his release from 
the army. In 1830 after a too pro- 
lific production of operatic scores (23 
in 7 years) he composed and produced 
with great success Anna Bolena in 
Milan, thus gaining the upper hand in 
his rivalry with Bellini. He now pro- 
duced, among other operas, L'Elisir 
■ d'amore (Milan, 1832), the tragic Ln- 
crezia Borgia (La Scala, Milan, 1833), 
and the immensely popular Lucia di 
Lammermoor (Naples, Teatro S. Carlo, 
1835). Enjoying European celebrity, he 
now visited Paris in 1835, and pro- 
duced Marino Faliero at the Theatre 
des Itallens. He succeeded Zingarelli 
as Director pro tern, of the Naples 
Cons, in 1837. Shortly after, the cen- 
sor's veto on the production of Poliuto 
(written for Ad. Nourrit after Cor- 
neille*s Polycucte) so angered him 
that he forsook Milan for Paris. Here 
he prod. La Fille dn regiment (Op^ra- 
Comique, 1840), Les Martgrs, an ampli- 
fication of the forbidden Poliuto 
(Opera, 1840) and La Favorite (Opiia, 
1840), which were sensationally suc- 
cessful. Again in Italy, he brought out 
Adelasia (Rome, 1841) and Maria 
Padilla (Milan, 1841) with success and 
in Vienna during 1842 he composed 
Linda di Chamounix, which aroused 
such enthusiasm that the Emperor con- 
ferred on him the titles of court com- 
poser and master of the Imperial chapel 
for which D. had also written a 
Miserere and an Ave Maria. Don Pas- 
guale was prod, in Paris, 1843. At the 
pinnacle of favor, D. continued his 
ceaseless labors to the detriment of his 
health, brought out his last work, 
Caterino Comoro (Naples, 1844), and in 
1845 became a victim of paralysis 
caused by overwork. Aside from his 
67 operas, he wrote many songs, ari- 
ettas, duets, and canzonets; also masses, 
a Requiem, cantatas, vespers, psalms, 
motets; also 12 string quartets and 
piano pieces. Ref.: II. 187, 192ff; op- 
eras, IX. xii, 137, 142, 144, 347; mus. 
ex., XIII. 248; portrait, II. 200. (2) 
Alfredo (1867- ) : b. at Smyrna ; 
conductor and teacher of counterpoint 
at Milan. In 1889 he produced the one- 
act operas Nana and Dopo I'Ave Maria 
with good results. Aside from sev 
eral unperformed operas he wrote pi- 



Dorflel 

ano pieces and many songs, a sym- 
phony and other orchestral works of 
which he pub. piano arrangements. 

DONT, Jakob (1815-1888) : b. at 
Vienna, d. there; violinist and com- 
poser, teacher at an Academy of Music, 
then the Paedagogium of St. Anna, and 
from 1873 at the Cons, in Vienna. He 
wrote extensively for the violin, chief 
among his works being the studies 
called Gradus ad Parnassum. 

DOIVZELL,!, Domenico (1790-1873) : 
b. Bergamo, d. Bologna; a tenor for 
whom Rossini wrote the part of Tor- 
valdo; first visited England In 1829 
(simultaneously with Mendelssohn). 

DOOR, Anton (1833- ): b. Vi- 
enna; taught by Czerny and Sechter; 
pianist in Baden-Baden, Wiesbaden, the 
Stockholm court, Austria-Hungary, 
Leipzig, Berlin and Amsterdam; taught 
at the Moscow Conservatory and "was 
professor at the Viennese Gesellschaft 
der Musikfreunde. 

DOPPLER (1) [Albert] Franz (1821- 
1883) : b. Lemberg, d. Baden, near Vi- 
enna; flutist in Pesth and Vienna; as- 
sistant ballet director at Vienna court 
opera and composer of 5 operas. (2) 
Karl (1825-1900) : b. Lemberg, d. 
Stuttgart; virtuoso on flute in Paris, 
Brussels and London; conductor at tho 
Stuttgart court and director of music 
at Pesth; wrote pieces for flute, Hun- 
garian operas and music for popular 
Hungarian plays. (3) Adolf (1850- 
1906): b. Graz, d. there; student, teach- 
er, critic and composer in his native 
town, wrote choruses and piano so- 
natas. (4) Ari>ad (1857- ) : son of 
Karl (2), b. Pesth; student, teacher 
and Royal professor at the Stuttgart 
Conservatory, choir director of the court 
opera, composer of an opera, works for 
orchestra, choruses and songs. 

DORATI, Nicola (16th century) : 
composer, probably of the Venetian 
school; published 6 books of madrigals. 

DORET, Gustave (1866- ) : b. 
Aigle; studied with Joachim, Marsick 
and Massenet; directed the concerts of 
the National Exposition at Geneva; di- 
rected the Concerts Harcourt and the 
historical concerts established by him 
and Bordes; succeeded Gabriel Marie as 
chef d'orchestre of the Sociit^ Nationale 
de musique. He composed 4 operas, an 
oratorio, orchestral pieces, cantatas, 
male and mixed choruses and songs. 

DORFFEL, Alfred (1821-1905) : b. 
Waldenburg, Saxony, d. Leipzig; stud- 
ied with Fink, Miiller and Mendels- 
sohn; custodian of the music depart- 
ment of the Leipzig City Library; ed- 
itor for Breitkopf & Hartel and Peters, 
whose editions of the classics owe their 
accuracy largely to his ability. He 
also produced a thematic catalogue, 
Fiihrer durch die musikalische Welt, 
and wrote a history of the Gewandhaus 
concerts, etc. He was a music critic 
and honorary doctor of philosophy at 
Leipzig University. 



117 



Doring 

DORING (1) Gottfried (1801-1869) : 
b. Pomerendorf, d. Elbing; cantor. He 
studied under Zelter at the Royal In- 
stitute of Church-Music, from 1828 was 
cantor at the Churcli of Mary in Elbing, 
and has published collections of cho- 
rales and musical essays. (2) Karl 
Helnrlch (1834- ): b. Dresden; mu- 
sic teaclier and composer. He studied 
at the Leipzig Conservatory, and later 
under Hauptmann and Lobe. From 
1858 he taught at the Dresden Conserva- 
tory. His worlts include many educa- 
tional works for piano, simple sonatas, 
technical exercises, etudes, etc. 

DORIV (1) Heinricli liUdwlg Eg- 
mont (1804-1892) : b. Konigsberg, d. 
Berlin; studied with Berger, Zelter and 
Klein; tauglit at Frankfort, Konigsberg 
and Leipzig; conductor in Leipzig, 
Hamburg, Riga, Cologne, where he 
founded a music school; court op- 
era conductor in Berlin, also ac- 
tive as teacher and critic; titu- 
lar professor, member of the Acad- 
emy of Arts. He was teacher and critic 
in Berlin and wrote 8 operas, an oper- 
etta, a ballet, piano and orchestral 
pieces. He wrote also 4 books of mu- 
sical criticism and an autobiography. 

(2) Alexander Julius Paul (1833- 
1901) : b. Riga, d. Berlin; music teacher 
in Poland, at Cairo, Alexandria, and 
the Berlin Royal High School; director 
of music societies in Cairo, Alexandria, 
and Crefeld. He composed more than 
100 works, including operettas, masses, 
works for orchestra, piano and voice. 

(3) Otto (1848- ): b. Cologne; sou 
of Heinrich; studied in Berlin, France, 
and Italy; taught at the Stern Cons., 
Berlin ; music critic and royal music 
director in Wiesbaden ; royal professor ; 
composer of overtures, a 'Prometheus* 
symphony and 3 operas, also piano 
pieces, 2 and 4 hands, and songs. 

DORNER, Arnim W. (1851- ) : 

b. Marietta, Ohio ; pianist. He was a 
pupil of Kullak, Bendel and Weitz- 
mann in Berlin. After further instruc- 
tion at Stuttgart and Paris, he returned 
to the United States to become pro- 
fessor of piano at the Cincinnati Col- 
lege of Music. He pub. technical exer- 
cis€s etc. 

DORNHECKTER, Robert (1839- 
1890) : b. Franzburg, Pomerania, d. 
Stralsund; organist, teacher and found- 
er of singing societies, composer for 
organ, pianoforte pieces and choruses. 

DORTTS-GRAS, Julie - AimSe - Jo- 
sSphe. See Steenkiste. 

DOSS, Adolf Ton (1825-1886): b. 
Pfarrkirchen, Lower Bavaria; d. Rome; 
dramatic composer. He studied in 
Munich, entered the Jesuit order in 
1843 and worked in Germany, Belgium 
and Rome. He wrote 6 operas, 2 op- 
erettas, a mass, 11 oratorios, cantatas, 
3 symphonies and 3 large collections. 

DOSTOIEVSKY. Ref.: III. 40, 108; 
X. 104. 

DOTZAUER (1) [Justus Johann] 



Draeseke 

Friedrlcli (1783-1860) : b. Hildburg- 
hausen, d. Dresden; 'cellist and com- 
poser. He was the pupil of Kriegck at 
Meiningen and himself taught Kuramer, 
Drechsler and C. Schuberth and his son 
(3). He wrote an opera, masses, over- 
tures, a symphony, 9 quartets, 12 con- 
certos, sonatas, variations, etc., and 
pub. a 'Cello Method. (2) [Justus Ber- 
nard] Frledrich (1808-1874) : b. Leip- 
zig, d. Hamburg; son and pupil of the 
elder Frledrich; pianist and noted 
teacher. (3) Karl l>udTrig (*Louis') 
(1811-1897): b. Dresden, d. Cassel ; son 
and pupil of Justus (1) ; 'cellist at 

DOUAY, Georges (1840- ) : b. 
Paris; dramatic composer. He studied 
under Duprato and is known as the 
composer of many one-act operettas. 

DOURLiEN, Vlctor-Charlcs-Paul 
(1780-1864) : b. at Dunkirk, d. Batig- 
nolles, near Paris ; dramatic composer. 
He studied at the Paris Conservatoire, 
in 1850 won tlie Prix de Rome and' 
from 1816 to 1842 was professor at the 
Conservatoire. His compositions in- 
clude small operas and some chamber 
music. He also published a Tableau 
synoptique des accords, a Traits d'har- 
monie (1834) and Traiti d'accompagne- 
ment (1840). 

DOW, Daniel (1732-1783) : b. Perth- 
shire, d. Edinburgh; musician. While 
teaching at Edinburgh he produced sev- 
eral collections of Scottish melodies. 

DOWLAND (1) John (1562-1626) : 
b. Westminster, London, d. London; 
travelled and studied in France, Ger- 
many and Italy; court chamber lutenist 
in Denmark, and in England; pub- 
lished collections of songs with ac- 
companiments of lute and viols, includ- 
ing 'The First Booke of Songs or Ayres, 
etc' (1600, 1603, 1608, 1613; Musical 
Antiquarian Society, 1844) ; 'Lachry- 
mae, or Seven Teares Figured in Seven 
Passionate Pavans, etc' (1605) ; 'A Pil- 
grim's Solace' (1612). Ref.: I. 306; IV. 
4; VII. 394. (2) Robert, son of John 
(17th cent.) : lutenist to English court, 
produced pedagogical books for the 
lute. 

DRAESEKE, Felix August Bern- 
hard (1835-1913) : b. Coburg, d. Dres- 
den; pupil of Rietz in Leipzig Cons., 
and disciple of Liszt at Weimar. After 
a time at Dresden he went to Lausanne 
as teacher In the Cons. (1864-74), also 
spending one year teaching in the 
Royal Music School, Munich, under 
Billow. In 1875 he went to Geneva 
and Anally succeeded Wiillner in 1884 
as professor of composition in the 
Cons, at Dresden, where he had made 
his home. He composed 4 operas ; 
Sigurd (fragment prod. Meiningen, 
1867), Gudrun (Hanover, 1884), Bert- 
rand de Born (MS., both text and mu- 
sic by D.), and Herrat (Dresden, 1892) ; 
3 symphonies (op. 22, in G; op. 25, in 
F; op. 40, Tragica in C) ; Akad- 
emische Festouvertilre ; symphonic prel- 

8 



Draghl 

udes to Calderon's 'Life a Dream,' and 
Kleist's 'Panthesilea' (both MS.) ; Sere- 
nata in D, for small orcli., op. 49; 
piano concerto, op. 36; violin-concerto; 
Kouzertstiick for 'cello and orch. : Ad- 
ventlied (soli, chorus and orch.) op. 
30; Requiem in B min., op. 22; Easter 
scene from Faust (har. solo, mixed 
chorus and orch.), op. 39; quintet (vio- 
lin, viola, 'cello, and horn), op. 48; 
string quintet; 3 string quartets, piano 
canons, 6 to 8 parts, op. ,37; Canonic 
Riddles, 6 fugues; Ghaselen and a so- 
nata for piano; also songs, etc. He 
wrote Anweisang zum kunstgerechten 
Modulieren (1876) ; Die Beseitigung des 
Tritonus (1876) ; and a versified Har- 
monielehre (1884). Ref.: in. 235, 241; 
VI. 355; Vni. 251; portrait. III. 202. 

DRAGHr (1) Antonio (1635-1700): 
b. Rimini, d. Vienna; dramatic com- 
poser. He conducted the Hofkapelle in 
Vienna, wrote no less than 173 operas, 
43 oratorios and cantatas, 2 masses, a 
Stabat Mater, hymns, some in collabo- 
ration with the emperor, etc. Ref.: 
IX. 45. (2) Giovanni Battlsta (late 
17th-early 18th cent.) : perhaps brother 
of (1) ; pianist, court teacher in Lon- 
don and collaborator with Lock, on 
'Shadwell,' 'Psyche,' d'Urfey's 'Won- 
ders in the Sun,' etc. He composed 
educational pieces for piano. 

DRAGONETTI, Domenico (1763- 
1846): b. Venice, d. London; virtuoso 
on the double-bass. He wds self- 
taught, excepting a few lessons from 
Berini, player at St. Mark's, whom he 
succeeded in 1782 (after having played 
in opera orchestras 5 years, and hav- 
ing composed concertos, etc., for dou- 
ble-bass which could be played by no 
one but himself). He appeared at Lon- 
don in 1794 : and "was immediately en- 
gaged for the King's Theatre. He also 
played at the Antient Concerts and tlie 
Philharmonic, together with his friend 
Lindley (q.v.). At the unveiling of the 
Beethoven monument in Bonn in 1845 
D. still led the double-bass players (in 
the Fifth Symphony). He left a re- 
markable collection of scores, engrav- 
ings, and old instruments to the British 
Museum, and his favorite 'cello (a Gas- 
paro da Salo) to St. Mark's, Venice. 

DRAGONI, Giovanni Andrea (ca. 
1540-1598): b. Mendola, d. Rome; stud- 
ied with Palestrina, maestro di cappella 
of the Lateran, composed madrigals, 
villanelles, motets, etc. 

DRii-SEKE;, F. A. B. See Draeseke. 

DRATH, Tlieodor (1828- ) : b. 
Winzig, Silesia; pupil of Marx, studied 
as cantor at Bunzlau Seminary, royal 
Musikdirektor, composer and theorist. 

DRATTD, Georg (1573-ca. 1636) : b. 
Davernheim, Hesse, d. Butzbach; au- 
thor of 3 large bibliographies, musi- 
cally as well as otherwise important 
(all titles in Latin, 1611, 1625). 

DRECHSIiBR (1) Josepli (1782- 
1852) : b. Wallisch-Birken, Bohemia, d. 
Vienna; theatre leader at Baden and 



Dreyschock 

Pressburg, organist and conductor in 
Vienna, composed operas, Slngspiele, 
masses, sonatas, quartets, and method 
for organ and harmony. (2) Karl 
(1800-1873): b. Kamenz, d. Dresden; 
studied in Dresden, 'cellist and con- 
ductor in Dessau; and teacher there. 

DREGERT, Alfred (1836-1893) : b. 
Frankfort-on-Oder, d. Elberfeld; stud- 
ied in Berlin, director of opera and 
male choral societies in Stralsund, Co- 
logne and Elberfeld; royal musical di- 
rector and composer of male choruses, 

DRESE, Adam (1620-1701) : b. Thu- 
ringia, d. Arnstadt; studied in Weimar 
and Warsaw; conductor in Weimar, 
Jena and Arnstadt, produced dance 
music, ballets, arias, and wrote chorale 
melodies. 

DRESEL, Otto (1826-1890) : b. An- 
dernach, d. Beverley, near Boston; 
studied under Hiller and Mendelssohn, 
pianist in New York and Boston, com- 
posed chamber music, piano works and 
songs; he revised an edition of Bach's 
Well-Tempered Clavichord, arranged 
Beethoven's symphonies for 4 hands, 
and did much for the appreciation of 
German music (especially Franz's 
songs) in America. 

DRESSL.ER (1) Gallns (16th cent.) : 
b. Nebra ; cantor and composer of 
church music (motets, magnificats, 
psalms, Cantiones sacrae, etc.) ; also 
author of pedagogical works for the 
Magdeburg schools. (2) Ernst Cliris- 
toph (1734-1779) : b. Greussen, Thurin- 
gia, d. Cassel; chamber musician at 
Bayreuth and Gotha; opera singer in 
Vienna and Cassel, composer of songs, 
etc. (3) Louis Raphael (1861- ) : 
b. New York; son of William D., a 
conductor; organist, pianist and com- 
poser of church music, etc.; editor of 
Chas. H. Dltsou & Co., New York. 

DRESZER, Anastasins Vitalls 
(1845-1907) : b. Kalisch, Poland, d. 
Halle; studied in Dresden Conservatory, 
in Leipzig and Berlin; founder and 
director of a music school cultivating 
choral song in Halle; composer of 2 
symphonies, an opera, a string quartet 
and pianoforte sonatas. 

DREVES, Goido Maria (1854- ): 
b. Hamburg; lived in Vienna and Hol- 
land; hymnologlst and historian of the 
Middle Ages; wrote six books of musi- 
cal history, including Analecta hymnica 
medii wvi (1886-1904, 45 volumes) ; 
also O Christ hie merki Bin Gesang- 
biXchlein geistlicher Lieder (1885), 
Archalsmen im Kirchenliede (1889), etc. 

DREYER, Alexis de (1857- ) : b. 
Russia; composer of berceuse and bur- 
lesque, prilude and fitude for the piano, 

DREYSCHOCK (1) Alexander 

(1818-1869): b. Zak, d. Venice; studied 
at Prague with Tomaschek, toured 
Europe, became piano professor at St. 
Petersburg, director of the dramatic 
music school there; wrote brilliant but 
ephemeral works for the pianoforte. 



119 



Drieberg 

(2) Ralmimd (1824-1869) : b. Zak, d. 
Leipzig, brotlier of Alexander; violinist, 
teacher of the violin at Leipzig Con- 
servatory, assistant concert conductor 
at the Gewandhaus. (3) Elllzabeth 
(nie Nose) (1832-1911): b. Cologne, d. 
there; concert contralto, wife of Rai- 
mund (2), retired upon the death of 
her husband. (4) Felix (1860-1906) : 
b. Leipzig, d. Berlin; studied at the 
Berlin Royal High School and with 
Ehrlich; successful concert pianist, 
teacher of pianoforte at the Stern Con- 
servatory, and composer of a violin 
sonata and piano pieces. 

DRIEBElRGr, FriedTich Jobann von 
(1870-1856): b. Charlottenburg, d. 
there; composer of several operas, 
never produced, and author of 8 books 
on Greek music, which, however, are 
amateurish, his theories being over- 
thrown by the writings of Bellermann 
and Fortlage (1847). One of his op- 
eras is supposed to be composed ac- 
cording to Greek principles. 

DRIGO. Ref.: X. 186. 

DROBISCH (1) MoTltz 'Wilbelm 
(1802-1896): b. Leipzig, d. there; pro- 
fessor of mathematics, then philosophy, 
at Leipzig Univ. ; wrote 5 treatises on 
the mathematical determination of rela- 
tive pitch. Originally Drobisch sup- 
ported the theory of 12 semitones, but 
his last book changed in viewpoint and 
advocated the principle of 'pure tem- 
perament.' (2) Karl liiidwlg (1803- 
1854) : b. Leipzig, d. Augsburg; studied 
with Drobs and Weinlig; music teacher 
in Munich and evangelical church con- 
ductor at Augsburg. He wrote masses. 
Requiems, 3 oratorios, etc. (3) Theo- 
dor (1838-1905) : b. Augsburg, d. 
Osnabriick, son of (2) ; Musikdirektor 
in Minden (1853-5) ; published a hu- 
morous musical calendar. 

DROBS, Johannes Andreas (1784- 
1825): b. near Erfurt, d. Leipzig; or- 
ganist, teacher and composer (for organ 
and for piano) of sonatas, fugues, etc. 

DROUBT, lionis Francois Philippe 
(1792-1873): b. Amsterdam, d. Bern; 
studied at the Conservatoire; flutist at 
the courts of Holland, of Napoleon and 
Louis XVIII; manufacturer of flutes in 
London, court Kapellmeister at Coburg; 
lived in New York, Frankfort-on- 
Main, and Berne. He wrote concertos, 
fantasies, etc., for his instrument. 

DROZDOWSKI, Jan (1858- ) : b. 
Cracow; pupil at the Conservatory of 
Vienna, teacher at the Cracow Cons.; 
"wrote on piano technique, a general 
music text-book, and a musical history 
in Polish. 

DRUPFEIi, Peter (1848- ) : b. 
Wledenbrilck, Westphalia; writer on 
music, composer of ballads, songs, the 
old German LiedeTspiel, Der Erloser; 
ecclesiastical music, and editor of me- 
diaeval vocal works (German songs, 
15th-16th cent., Palestrina, etc.). 

DRYDEN, John (1631-1700) : the 
great poet who wrote the 'Ode to St. 

120 



Ducange 

Cecilia' and 'Alexander's Feast,' poems 
set to music by Handel and Purcell, 
Ref.: VL 110, 141, 210. 

DRYSDAIiE, F. Learmont (1866- 
1909): b. Edinburgh; wrote a prize 
overture, after study at the Royal Acad- 
emy of Music; composed also a mystic 
play and light operas. 

DRYVERS, L. Ref.: VI. 409. 

DTJBARRY. See Baerv, Marie du. 

Dt)BEN (1) Andreas (1558-1625): 
b. Liitzen, d. Leipzig; organist of St. 
Thomas's, Leipzig. (2) Andreas 

(ca. 1590-1662): son of (1), d. Stock- 
holm, where he was conductor and or- 
ganist at the court. (3) Gnstaf (1624- 
1690): b. Stockholm, d. there; son of 
Andreas (2) ; the superior artist of the 
family; court musician, organist of 
German Church and royal conductor; 
published an important collection of 
spiritual and secular songs of the late 
17th cent. (4) Gnstaf (1659-1726): b. 
Stockholm, d. there, son of Gnstaf (3) ; 
succeeded his father as conductor. (5) 
Andersen (1673-1738) : conductor in 
Stockholm; brother of (4), was enno- 
bled and made court marshal. 

DUBOIS (1) [Francois-Clement-] 
Theodore (1837- ) : b. Rosnay, 
Mame; studied at the Conservatoire 
(Marmontel, Benoist, Bazin, A. 
Thomas), 1853; took the Grand Prix de 
Rome, 1861; maltre de chapelle and or- 
ganist in Paris, where he became pro- 
fessor and director of the Conserva- 
toire and member of the Academic, also 
officer of the Legion of Honor. Dubois 
is both prolific and versatile; he has 
written oratorios, 'The Seven Words of 
Christ' and 'Paradise Lost' (prize of 
the City of Paris) ; a lyric scene 'The 
Rape of Proserpina' ; comic operas. La 
Guzla de I'dmir (1873), Le pain bts 
(1892) ; ballet La Farandole (1883) ; 
also orchestral suites, symphonic over- 
ture, 'Frlthjof overture, symphonic 
poem, Notre Dame de la Mer (1897), a 
piano concerto, piano pieces and songs; 
also organ pieces and sacred works, 
'Chlodwig's Baptism' (Latin Ode by Leo 
XIII), motets, masses, etc. Ref.: HI. 
336; VI. 206, 305f, 479, 485; VIII. 335; 
X. 151. (2) I.6on (1859- ) : b. Brus- 
sels; studied at Brussels Cons, where 
he "won the Grand Prix de Rome; as- 
sistant conductor Theatre de la Mon- 
naie, Brussels, conductor of the Vaux- 
hall summer concerts; composed 4 op- 
eras, a ballet, a symphonic poem, etc., 
music for a mimodrame, Le mart, etc. 
He also wrote a manual of harmony. 
He succeeded Tinel as director of Brus- 
sels Cons., 1912. 

DVBURG, Matthew (1703-1767) : b. 
London, d. there; violinist and con- 
ductor. 

DUC, Philippe (16th cent.) : Nether- 
land composer who pub. 3 books of 
madrigals in Venice, 1570, 1574, 1586. 

DUCAIVGE, Charles Dufrcsne, 
Sieur (1610-1688): b. Amiens, d. Paris; 
wrote Glossarium ad scriptores mediei 



Dnchemin 

et inflmee latinitatis (3 vols.), repub- 
lished by the Benedictines of St. Maur 
(1733-36 and 1840-50), also by Favre 
(1883-88, 10 vols.), containing valuable 
descriptions of musical instruments of 
the middle ages. 

DUCHEMIN, Nicolas (16th cent.): 
Paris music printer ca. 1549-71, who 
pub. a 17 vol. chanson collection (a 
sort of continuation of Attaignant's) , 
also masses and motets. 

DUCHESNE. Ref.: (cited) I. 146. 

DUCIS, Benolt (Benedlctns Duels): 
real name Herzog, Benedlkt. See 
Herzog (1). 

DTJCROftTJET. See Daublaine. 

DUDEVANT, Madame. See Sand, 
George. 

DUFAIT, Jennie: b. Rothau, Alsace; 
soprano; dibut at Weimar, 1906; mem- 
ber of the Chicago Opera Company 
since 1911. 

DUFAY, Gnlllanme (ca. 1400-1474): 
b. Chimay, Hainault, d. Cambrai; one 
of the three great 15th cent, contra- 
puntists; papal singer (1428-1437); in 
1433-35 was with Eugenius IV in Pisa 
and Florence, later probably in Paris 
and in the chapel of the anti-pope 
Felix V. (Amadeus VIII. of Savoy), fi- 
nally became canon at Cambrai. F. X. 
Haberl's list (in the Vierteljahrsschrift 
fiir Masikwissenschaft, 1885) of Du- 
fay's compositions extant in Rome, Bo- 
logna and Trieste, include about 150 
numbers (masses, motets, church mu- 
sic, chansons, etc.). There are still 
other examples in Paris, Cambrai, Mu- 
nich and Brussels. To Dufay is at- 
tributed the Introduction of open or 
white notes, and Adam de Fulda credits 
him with many other changes in nota- 
tion. D.'s music has real charm and 
great clarity. With him the prefer- 
ence for 4-part writing begins. Ref.: 
I. 235f, 2i0ff; V. 148; VI. 42 (footnote), 
47f; mus. ex., XIII. 17, 19. 

DTJFRANNE, Hector: b. Belgium; 
dramatic baritone; debut Brussels, 
1896; sang at Covent (iarden, Opira- 
Comique and Manhattan Opera House, 
New York; member of the Chicago 
Opera Company, 1910-13. 

DUGAZON, Lonlse-Rosalle (1753- 
1821): b. Berlin, d. Paris; singer in 
comic opera known as two distinct per- 
sonalities, 'Jeunes' and 'Mores' Dugazon 
through her charm and adaptability in 
both types of roles. 

DUIPPOPRUGCAB. (properly Tief- 
fenbriicker), Caspar (1514-1572) : b. 
Freising, d. Bavaria. The date of his 
birth was established by Dr. Coutaigne 
of Lyons in his work Gaspard Duiffo- 
proucart et les lathiers lyonnais du 
XVW Steele (Paris, 1893). He was re- 
puted to be the first maker of violins; 
but according to Vidal (in Les instru- 
ments d oTchet) the violins said to be 
made by him are spurious, having been 
made by Vuillaume, who, in 1827, used 
D.'s model of a viola da gamba for his 
violins. D. probably learned his trade 



Dumaa 

in Italy, settled in Lyons in 1553, and 
was naturalized In 1559. Ret.: \IU. 
72. 

DUJARDIN, Jean. See Orto, G. 

DUKAS, Panl (1865- ) : b. Paris: 
studied with Dubois, Mathias, and 
Gulraud at the Conservatoire; won the 
prix de Rome with a cantata, Velleda 
(1888) ; professor at the Conservatoire 
since 1909; music critic of Revue 
Ilebdomadaire and Gazette des Beaux- 
Arts; composer of 3 overtures, a sym- 
phony in C, a symphonic poem L'Ap- 
prenti-Sorcier (1897), piano sonata, 
prelude and variations on a theme by 
Rameau, Prilude iligiaque; prod, an 
opera, Ariane et Barbe-Bleue (Paris, 
1907; New York, 1911), a ballet. La Peri, 
etc. ; revised several ballet-operas of Ra- 
meau for the complete edition. Ref.: 
III. viii, ix, X, xi, xiv, xviii, 321, 334, 
357fl'; VI. 392; VIII. 440ff; IX. 443, 
469. 

DUIiCKEN (1) linise {nie David) 
(1811-1850): b. Hamburg, d. London; 
sister of Ferdinand David; concert 
pianist and teacher in London. (2) 
Ferdinand (1837-1902) : b. London, d. 
Astoria (U. S.) ; brother of Luise (1); 
studied with Moscheles, Mendelssohn, 
Gade, Hauptmann, Becker and Hiller; 
pianist throughout Europe, professor at 
Warsaw Conservatory, composer of one 
opera, a mass, etc. 

DUIilCHIUS, Phlllppns (1562-1631) : 
b. Chemnitz, d. Stettin; where he was 
cantor from 1587; studied in Leipzig 
Univ. and probably was a pupil of 
Gabrieli in Italy. He is known ex- 
clusively as a vocal composer, having 
published 8 books containing can- 
tiones, hymns, 8-part choruses, etc., in- 
cluding Centurise vitonum et septem 
vocum harmonias saeras laudibas sanc- 
tissimse Triados conseeratas contlnentes 
(4 parts), repub. by R. Schwartz 
(Denkmdler deutscher Tonkunst, I. vol. 
31), etc. 

DU L.OCI/E, Camllle (1832-1903) : b. 
Orange, Vancluse; d. Nice; secretary of 
the Paris Opira, director of the Opera- 
Comique; author of the French version 
of Verdi's Don Carlos, La Force du 
destin and (with Nuitter) of A'ida; also 
librettist of Reyer's Sigurd, and Sal- 
ammbo, and Duvemoy's Helle. Ref. 
II. 495; IX. 36. 

DUIiON, Friedrich liUdwig (1769- 
1826) : b. Oranienburg, near Potsdam; 
d. Wilrzburg; virtuoso on flute in con- 
cert tours, at the Russian court, in Steu- 
dal and Wiirzburg. He wrote 9 duos for 
flute and violin, a concerto, duets and 
capriccios for the flute. 

DUIiONG (1) Franz Henri von 
(1861- ) : b. Hamm, Westphalia; con- 
cert-tenor who studied with Vannucini, 
(2) (.nie John) Magda von (1872-) : 
b. Halle; wife of (1); concert-contralto; 
studied with Hromado, Gerster and 
Mme. Joachim. 

DUMAS, Alexandre (fils). Ref.: II. 
492; IX. 354, 413. 

121 



Diunout 

DUMONT, Henry (1610-1684): b. 
Villers I'fiveque, near Li^ge, d. Paris; 
organist there and music director of tlie 
Paris court cliapel; canon of Maestrictit 
catliedral ; composed masses and mo- 
tets, some with Instr., chansons, etc. 

DtJN, Finlay (1795-1853) : b. Aber- 
deen, d. tliere; viola player, singing 
teacher, editor and composer. 

DUNCAN (1) ■Wmtam Edmon- 
stoune (1866- ): b. Sale, Cheshire; 
studied at the Royal Academy of Mu- 
sic and privately with Macfarren; 
teacher in a music school at Oldham; 
composer of an opera, 'Perseus' (1892) ; 
church music, choral "works "with or- 
chestra, orchestral "works (concert over- 
ture, etc.), chamber music, organ and 
piano pieces. He pub. 'Melodies and 
Ho"w to Harmonize Them' (1906) ; 'The 
Story of Minstrelsy' (1907) ; 'Encyclo- 
pedia of Musical Terms' (1913). (2) 
Isadora (1880- ) : b. San Fran- 
cisco; dancer who became internation- 
ally famous for her choreographic in- 
terpretations of classic and romantic 
instrumental music. She exerted great 
influence on the modem Interpretive 
movement in dancing in Europe (Ger- 
many and Russia) ; married tlie artist, 
Gordon Craig, In Berlin and became 
the head of an endowed school oper- 
ating in Europe and America. Her sis- 
ter, Ellzalietli, at first associated with 
her, maintains an independent school 
of dancing In Berlin, etc. Ref.: X. 22, 
187, 197ff, 204, 206, 211, 212, 213, 214, 
244, 247; (quoted), 196f; (compared 
with St. Denis), 210; (influence In Rus- 
sia), 218f; (pupils), 248; portrait, X. 
200; Elizabeth D., X. 202. 

DUNHAM, Henry Morton (1853-) : 
b. Brockton, Mass.; studied music at 
New England Cons, and Boston TJnlv. 
Coll. of Music; church organist in 
Brockton, Boston and Brookllne; prof, 
of organ at New England Cons., di- 
rector of music at Lasell Sem., Au- 
burndalcj composed organ sonatas, a 
symphonic poem, church music, etc., 
and published an 'Organ School' (1893) ; 
composed organ sonatas and other or- 
gan pieces, a symphonic poem, and 
church music. Ref.: VI. 500. 

DUNHILIi, Thomas Frederick 
(1877- ): b. Hampstead; English 
composer and teacher; studied at Royal 
Coll. of Music and with Franklin Tay- 
lor and Stanford; nine years professor 
of piano at Eton College; examiner for 
the Associated Board; professor of har- 
mony and counterpoint at Royal Coll. 
of Music (1905- ) ; founded the 
"Thomas Dunhill Concerts of British 
Chamber Music; composer of works 
for ilute and orchestra, 'cello and or- 
chestra, songs, quintets, quartets, trios, 
etc. Ref.: HI. 442; (cited) VH. 460, 
589. 

DUNI, Egidlo Romualdo (1709- 
1777): b. Matera (Naples), d. Paris.; 
studied first with Durante in the Cons, 
della Madonna di Loreto, then in the 



Dunstable 

Cons, della Pietk de' Turchini. His 
first opera, Nerone (Rome, 1735), was 
a great popular success, completely 
eclipsing Pergolesi's Olimpiade. D. 
became maestro di cappella at S. Nlcolo 
dl Bari, Naples, meantime visited Vi- 
enna, and went to Holland, Paris, and 
London (1744), composing all the while. 
Upon the encouragement of the Duke of 
Parma (at whose court he became 
tutor) he began composing French op- 
erettas, the first of which, Ninette a 
la cour (Paris, 1755), was so well re- 
ceived that the composer settled in 
Paris. Here he prod, a number of light 
and frivolous pieces suited to the pre- 
vailing taste. By virtue of these he 
is considered one of the founders of 
French opira bouffon. He wrote about 
13 Italian and 20 French operas. 

DtJNKELPEIND. See Nichelmann. 

DUNKL, Johann Nepomuk (1832-) : 
b. Budapest; studied with Liszt and 
Rubinstein; pianist and partner in the 
music publishing firm of Rozsavolgyi 
& Cle. 

DUNKI/ER, Francois (1816-1878): 
b. Namur, d. Hague; military band- 
master, skillful in writing arrange- 
ments for the military band. 

DUNKLEY, Ferdinand [Ijnis] 
(1869- ): b. London; composer. 
After a thorough training in counter- 
point and composition under Higgs, 
Turpin, Parry, Barnet and others, he 
came to the United States, where he 
took the directorship of St. Agnes' 
School at Albany, N. Y. In 1889 he 
took a 50-guinea prize for an orchestral 
suite. 

DUNIiAP, William (18th cent.) : 
librettist of first American opera. Ref.: 
IV. 112. 

DUNN, James Philip, contemp. 
American composer. Ref.: TV. 440. 

DUNOYER. See Gauquier. 

DUNSTABLE [Dunstaple], John 
(ca. 1370-1453) : b. Dunstable, Bedford- 
shire; d. Walbrook; an eminent com- 
poser of the 15th cent., perhaps teach- 
er of his younger contemporaries Bin- 
chois and Dufay, being noted by 
Tinctor as one of the 'fathers' of coun- 
terpoint. Of his works are extant a 
3-part song, O Rosa bella (Vatican 
Library, another copy at Dijon) ; an 
enigmatical canon which Is still un- 
solved (British Museum, and at Lam- 
beth), a 3-part composition without 
text (British Museum), also 4 MS. 
pieces; a Patrem; a Regina coeli Isetare, 
and 2 motets. Sub tua protectione and 
Quam pulchra est (Liceo filarmonlca, 
Bologna) ; 2 Et in terra (a 3), and an 
Ave Maris Stella (a 2) (Univ. Library, 
Bologna) ; also some MSS. at Vienna. 
Recent researches have uncovered the 
fact that D. adapted the style of the 
Florentine Trecentists — the solo song 
with artistic instr. accompaniment — to 
sacred song and thus created the form 
of motet, hymn, etc., based on free 
paraphrases of the cbant melodies, 



122 



[St.] Dunstan 

masses being treated in the same way. 
The breadth and simplicity of his mel- 
odies as shown in the 6 sacred and 
several secular pieces in- the 7 Trent 
Codices discovered by Haberl {Denk- 
maler d.T. in osterreich VII. [1900]) 
and the Gloria, etc., in the Cod. Bo- 
logna 37 (Woolridge's 'Early English 
Harmony"), indicate a creative genius 
of true greatness. Ref.: I. 236, 249ff; 
III. 409; mus. ex., XIII. 14. 

[ST.] DUNSTAN. Ref.: VI. 401. 

DUNSTEDB. See Tundstede. 

DUPARC, [Marie-Eugine-] Henri 
[Fouqnes] (1848- ): b. Paris; com- 
poser, whose ill health forced him 
into retirement in 1885, much to the 
regret of his master, C^sar Franck, who 
valued his songs very highly. His 
symphonic poem 'Lenore' (1875) was 
prod, by Pasdeloup in 1877, arranged 
for 2 pianos by Saint-Saens and for 
4 hands (1 piano) by C^sar Franck. 
Besides this are preserved 6 piano 
pieces Feuilles volantes, the duet La 
fuite (sop. and ten.), the orch. noc- 
turne Aux etoiles and a number of 
very individual songs. Other works 
(including a 'cello sonata, a suite and 
Poeme nocturne for orch.) were de- 
stroyed by the composer, wno exer- 
cised a very strict self-criticism. Ret.: 
III. X, xviii, 287, 311; V. 355. 

DUPOIVT (1) Joseph (the Elder) 
(1821-1861): b. Liege, d. there; violin- 
ist; studied at Li^ge Conservatory; 
wrote 2 operas, music for the violin, 
ensembles and songs, mostly MS. He 
was professor of the violin at the Con- 
servatory at the time of his death. (2) 
Angnuste (1827-1890) : b. Ensival, near 
Liege; d. Brussels; pianist. He trav- 
elled in England and Germany and 
in 1850 became professor of piano 
at Brussels Conservatory; composed 
etudes, concertos, fantasies for the 
piano; also some ensembles. (3) 
Joseph (the Younger) (1838-1899) : b. 
Ensival, d. Brussels; teacher and con- 
ductor. After studying at the Lifege 
Conservatory, he took the prix de Rome 
at Brussels, where in 1872 he became 
professor of harmony. Previously he 
had held conductor's posts at Warsaw 
and at Moscow. He succeeded Vleux- 
temps as director of popular concerts 
at Brussels. (4) Gahriel (1878- ) : 
b. Caen; studied at the Paris Conserva- 
toire, won the prix de Rome, 1901; his 
opera. La Cabrera, received the Milan 
prize in 1904; prod. La Gla (Cannes, 
1910), La Farce da Cuvier (Brussels, 
1912). 

DTJPORT (1) [Jean] Pierre (1741- 
1818): b. Paris, d. Berlin; 'cello vir- 
tuoso, member of the Hofkapelle, Ber- 
lin, later director of court concerts; 
"wrote duos for 2 'cellos, 'cello sonatas, 
etc.; Beethoven wrote his 'cello sonatas 
op. 5 (the first 'cello sonatas with ob- 
bligato piano part ever written) for D., 
or his brother (2). (2) [Jean] Louis 
(1749-1819): b. Paris, d. there; brother 

123 



Dnpuy 

of (1) ; 'cello virtuoso, founder of the 
modern 'cello teclmique; sent to Ber- 
lin at the outbreak of the Revolution, 
but returned 1806, and later became 
imperial solo 'cellist and teacher at 
the Cons. His Stradivari 'cello was 
sold to Franchomme for 25,000 francs. 
He wrote sonatas, variations, duos, fan- 
tasies, etc., and the epoch-making 
Essai sur le doigter da violoncelle et 
la conduite de I'archet (1770; repub. 
1902). Ref.: VII. 591. (3) French 
ballet dancer. Ref.: X. 91, lOlf. 

DUPOUX, Marie Jules (1844- ) : 
b. Avignon, where he was choirmaster; 
student of the liturgical song of Orien- 
tal nations, writer of controversial 
pamphlets and articles on Gregorian 
song. 

DUPRATO, Jules-Laurent (1827- 
1892): b. Nlmes, d. Paris; studied at 
the Conservatoire, composed cantatas, 
operettas, etc.; wrote recitatives and 
became professor of harmony at the 
Conservatoire. 

DUPREZ (1) Lonls-Gilbert (1806- 
1896) : b. Paris, d. Passy; tenor, sing- 
ing teacher, author and composer. He 
made his debut in grand opera in 1836, 
became professor of singing at the Con- 
servatoire six years later and founded 
his own school for singing. His com- 
positions are of slight value. He mar- 
ried Mile. Dnperron, also a singer. 
(2) Caroline (1832-1875) : b. Florence, 
d. Pau; daughter of above, sang from 
1850-1858 at the Paris Op(5ra, the 
OpSra-Comique and Theatre Lyrique; 
married the pianist Amddfe van der 
Heilvel, 1836, and retired 1858. 

DUPTJIS (1) Thomas Sanders (1730- 
1796): b. London, d. there; organist 
and composer. In 1789 he became or- 
ganist at the Chapel Royal and the fol- 
lowing year was made Mus. D. by Ox- 
ford. Besides organ concertos, piano 
sonatas and glees, he composed much 
church music published after his death. 
Ref.: VI. 472. (2) Jacques (1830- 
1870): b. Liige, d. there; violinist and 
composer. He studied under Prumes 
and Daussoigne-Mehul, taught violin at 
the Conservatory. Few of his compo- 
sitions have been published and they 
consist in the main of violin concertos 
and sonatas. (3) Sylvain (1856- ) : 
b. Li^ge; music teacher and conductor, 
and composer. He took the prix de 
Rome in 1881, taught at the Lifege Con- 
servatory, and is the author of 2 or- 
chestral suites, 2 operas, 3 cantatas, 
symphonic poem, etc. (4) Albert 
(1875- ): b. Verviers; pupil of 
d'Indy, director of Verviers Cons., won 
prix de Rome, Brussels, 1904; com- 
posed 7 operas (prod. Verviers, Brus- 
sels, Liige, Nice, 1896-1913), a lyric leg- 
end, choral works with orch., songs, etc. 
DUPUY, ^Sdouard (ca. 1770-1822) : b. 
Corselles, near Neuchatel; d. Stock- 
holm; studied violin and piano under 
Chabran and Dussek; concert conductor 
in Rheinberg and Stockholm; opera 



Burand 

singer In Stockholm and Copenhagen; 
composer for flute, violin and choruses. 

DURAND (1) (Duranowskl), Au- 
Kuste Pr6d6rlc (1770-1809) : b. War- 
saw; son of a court-musician; violinist 
and conductor. Ref.: VII. 412. (2) 
Cmile (1830-1903) : b. St. Brieuc, C6tes- 
du-Nord, d. Neuilly; teacher, com- 
poser and writer. He studied and 
taught at the Conservatoire, where he 
became professor of harmony. His 
compositions are songs and operettas, 
and he published a text-book of 
harmony and accompaniment. (3) 
JMarie-Angnste (1830-1909) : b. Paris, 
d. there; organist and music publisher. 
He studied the organ with Benoist, was 
organist of prominent Paris churches 
1849-74 and in 1870 acquired with 
Schonewerk the publishing firm of 
Flaxland, conducting it first as Durand 
& Schonewerk, then Durand & flls. 
The house has pub. many works of 
modern French composers (Massenet, 
Saint-Saens, Lalo, Widor, Debussy, 
etc.). D. himself wrote masses, songs, 
dance-movements In old style, and es- 
pecially pieces for harmonium, 

DURANTE (1) Francesco (1684- 
1755): b. Fratta Maggiore, Naples; d. 
Naples; studied with Greco and Scar- 
latti. In 1718 he became director of 
the Neapolitan Cons. San Onofrio, later 
maestro at the Cons. S. Maria di Loreto. 
A founder of the Neapolitan school. 
Durante wrote wholly sacred music (13 
masses, 16 psalms, 16 motets, 12 
madrigals, 6 piano-sonatas. Jeremiads, 
a 'pastoral mass,' etc.) It is his style 
and ideal that survives through the 
18th and early 19th century, for among 
his pupils were Jommelli, Piccini, 
Sacchini, Pergolesi, Paisiello and Duni. 
Ref.: I. 400f; II. 8, 11, 14; VII. 59, 
97; VI. 137; IX. 21. (2) Ottavlo (17th 
cent.) : Roman composer in the aria 
style of Caccini; published (Rome, 
1608) Arte devote le quali contengono 
in se la maniera di cantar con grazia 
Vimitazione delta parole e il modo di 
scriver passagi ed altri affeti. 

D'TJRFEY, Thomas (ca. 1649-1723): 
b. Exeter, d. London; author of dramas 
set by Purcell ; singer and writer of 
songs, many of which were published 
in his 'Wit and Mirth.* 

DTJROPF, Sachar Sacharovltch 
([?]-1886): b. Moscow, d. St. Peters- 
burg; wrote 'Fundamentals of Russian 
Music History* and taught Russian 
church music at the Conservatory of 
St. Petersburg. 

DVRRNER, Rnpreclit Jobannes 
Julius (1810-1859) : b. Ansbach, d. 
Edinburgh; studied at Altdorf and Des- 
sau and Leipzig; cantor at Ansbruch, 
teacher of music in Edinburgh. 

DURTJTTE, Francois-Camille-An- 
toine [ComteJ (1803-1881): b. Ypres, 
d. Paris. He lived at Metz, where he 
originated a new system of harmony, 
set forth in his Esthitique musicale. 
Technie on lois giniTales da systeme 



Duvemoy 

harmonique (1855), and Risumi il4- 
mentaire de la technie harmonique, etc. 
(1876). D. also wrote operas, church 
music and chamber music. 

DUSSART. See Sakto, Johannes de. 

DUSSEK (1) Franz (1736-1799) : b. 
Chotebof, Bohemia; d. Prague; pianist, 
teacher and composer of chamber mu- 
sic, piano sonatas, symphonies, etc. 
(2) Johann Ladislav (1761-1812): b. 
Caslav, Bohemia; d. St. Germain-en- 
Laye; boy soprano, studied at Jesuit 
College and Prague Univ. and (1783) at 
Hamburg with C. P. E. Bach; organist, 
pianist and performer on the harmon- 
ica invented by Hessel; lived in Berlin, 
Lithuania, Paris, London, Hamburg, 
Prague, etc. Dussek's nationalism is 
the quality which makes his composi- 
tions and reputation enduring. He 
wrote 2 English operas (with indiffer- 
ent success), a solemn mass, and ora- 
torios, trios, quartets, quintets, etc., 12 
concertos and a symphonic concertante. 
His piano compositions Include sonatas, 
fugues, and other pieces. His piano- 
forte method appeared in English, 
French and German. Ref.: II. 90; IIL 
165, 166; VII. 98, 176. (3) Olivia (1797- 
1847) : daughter of Franz, wife of 
Buckley; organist in London, where 
she composed children's songs and 
wrote 'Musical Truths* (1843). 

DUSTMANN, Marie Lnise (nie 
Meyer) (1831-1899) : b. Aachen, d. 
Charlottenburg ; operatic soprano In 
Breslau, Cassel, Dresden, Prague, the 
Vienna court, London and Stockholm. 
She became a Kammersangerin in 1860, 
and taught singing at the Vienna Con- 
servatory. 

DUTROCHET (18th-19th cent.) : the- 
orist on vocal technique. Ret.: (cited) 
V. 56. 

DtiTSCH (1) Otto (ca. 1825-1863): 
b. Copenhagen, d. Frankf ort-on-Main ; 
studied in Leipzig Cons. ; conductor and 
director in the Caucasus, later in St. 
Petersburg, where he also taught in the 
Imperial Russian Music Society (later 
the St. Petersburg Cons.). He wrote 
2 operettas, an opera, 70 or more songs, 
a *celIo sonata, a symphonic sonata, 
etc. (2) Georg (1857-1891): b. St. 
Petersburg, d. there; son of (jtto; stud- 
ied at the Cons., leader of St. Peters- 
burg Muslco-Dramatlc Society and of 
the Russian Symphony concerts. In 
1894 he published a collection of folk- 
songs of northern Russia. 

DUVAIi, Edmond (1809-[?]) : b. 
Enghien; he was expelled from the 
Conservatoire for failure to attend 
classes; w^ent to Mechlin, where he in- 
terested himself in Gregorian music 
and published a 'revised version* of 
church music, which was condemned 
in its entirety by Fetis. 

DUVERNOY (or Dnvemois) (1) 
Frederic (1765-1838): b. Montbeliard:, 
d. Paris; hornist at Paris Opera and 
professor of the horn at the Conserva- 
toire. Beside compositions for the 



124 



Duysen 

horn, he published a Methode de cor 
mixte. (2) Charles (1766-1845) : broth- 
er of Frederic; clarinettist in Paris 
theatres and professor at the Conserva- 
toire. He composed 2 sonatas and duet- 
variations for the clarinet. (3) Henrl- 
Louls-Cbarlcs (1820-1906) : son of 
Charles; b. Paris, d. there; studied 
at the Conservatoire, where he became 
professor of solfeggio. He wrote 
Solfige des chanteurs (1855), Solfige 
artistiqne (1860), etc., and composed 
about 100 piano pieces. (4) Charles- 
Francois (1796-1872): b. Paris, d. 
there; opera singer at the Comique, 
vocal teacher at the Conservatoire and 
superintendent of the Pensionnat des 
ileves dn chant. (5) Victor-Alphonse 
(1842-1907): b. Paris, d. there; studied 
with Bazin and Marmontel at the Con- 
servatoire; joint-founder (with Le- 
onard, Trombetta, Stlehle and Jacquard) 
of concerts for chamber music; teacher 
of pianoforte at the Conservatoire. He 
has produced a 3-act and a 4-act opera, 
a symphonic poem, orchestral pieces, 
etc. He became a Chevalier of the 
Legion of Honor and music critic on 
the Republiqae frangaise. (6) Jean- 
Baptlste (early 19th cent.) : prolific 
composer of graceful piano-composi- 
tions (variations, easy pieces), pub. 
from 1825 on, and a series of valuable 
piano etudes, still widely used. 

DUYSEJT, Jes tewe (1820-1903) : b. 
Dagebiill, d. Berlin ; founder of a piano- 
forte manufacturing firm in Berlin. 

DUYZE. See Van Duyze. 

DVOftAK, Antonin (1841-1904): b. 
Miihlhausen (Nelahozeves) , Bohemia ; 
d. Prague. Destined for the butcher's 
trade, he learned to play the violin 
from the village schoolmaster in his 
youth and left home at the age of 16 
to enter the Prague Organ School, 
studying under Pitzsch, and earning his 
livelihood as violinist in a small or- 
chestra. In 1862 he joined the Na- 
tional Theatre orchestra as a viola 
player. In 1873 he prod, a hynm for 
male chorus and orch. which brought 
him a government stipend (1875), en- 
abling him to devote himself to com- 
position. Liszt assisted him by secur- 
ing the performance of his works, 
which were from the outset distin- 
guished by a vigorous and consistent 
nationalism. D. went to England, where 
his choral works achieved popularity, 
and to New York, where he was the 
artistic director of the National Cons, 
in 1892-95. Among his works are the 
Bohemian operas 'The King and the 
Charcoal Burner' (Prague, 1874), Wanda 
(1876), Selma Sedlak (1878), Turde 
Police (1881), Dimitrije (1882), and 



Dyne 

'The Jacobins' (1889; 3 acts); the ora- 
torio, St. Ludmila (1886) ; Requiem 
mass, op. 89 (1891) ; a cantata, 'The 
Spectre's Bride,' op. 69 (1885) ; a secu- 
lar cantata, 'The American Flag' (1895) ; 
Hymn of the Bohemian Peasants, op. 
28, chorus and piano 4 hands; Hymn 
for chorus and orch., op. 30; Stabat 
Mater (soli, chorus, and orch., op. 
58, 1883) ; Psalm 149 (soli, chorus and 
orch.) ; 5 symphonies (1, op. 60, in 
D; 2, op. 70, in D min.; 3, op. 76, in 
F; 4, op. 88, in G; 5, op. 95, in E min., 
'From the New World') ; 3 orchestral 
ballades (symphonic poems), op. 107; 
2 sets of symph. variations (orch.), op. 
40 and 78; overtures Mein. Helm, Hu- 
sitska. In der Natur, Othello, Carneval; 
'cello concerto in B min. (1896) ; piano 
concerto, op. 35; violin concerto, op. 
53 ; Slavic Dances and Rhapsody (orch.) ; 
Scherzo capriccioso (orch.) ; string sex- 
tet; 2 string quintets; piano quintet in 
A, op. 18; 6 string quartets; 2 piano 
quartets; a string trio; 2 piano trios; 
mazurek for violin and orch.; serenade 
for wind with 'cello and double-bass; 
notturno for string orch.; violin sonata, 
op. 57; piano pieces (Dances, Legends 
for 4 hands. Silhouettes, etc.) ; also 
songs, duets, part-songs, etc. Ref.: 
For life and work see III. 175ff, 181; 
songs, V. 312 ; choral works, VI. 202f , 293, 
342f; violin music, VH. 466; chamber 
music, VII. 558f, 583, 585f; orchestral 
works, Vin. 378f; mus. ex., XTV. 145; 
portrait. III. 178. 

DWELHAUVERS, Victor Felix 
(1869-1915) : b. Li^ge, where he stud- 
ied at the Cons., also studied natural 
sciences in Leipzig and became decent 
for physics at Liege University; also 
music critic of the Express, and musi- 
cal history teacher in Thi^baut's High 
School for Music at Ixelles (Brussels). 
He wrote L'intensiti relative des har- 
moniques (1887), Messung der Ton- 
stdrke (dissertation, 1890), La spni- 
phonie prehaydnienne (on Noel Hamal, 
1908), also on Richard Wagner (1889) 
and single studies of that master's 
works. 

DWIGHT, John SnUivan (1813- 
1893): b. Boston, d. there; graduate of 
Harvard and Cambridge Seminary; 
founded and edited 'Dwight's Journal 
of Music,' the first musical periodical 
issued in America. Ref.: (quoted) IV. 
100, 238. 

DYKES, John Bacchus (1823-1876) : 
b. Kingston-on-HuU, d. St. Leonards- 
on-Sea; priest, vicar, Mus. D. at Dur- 
ham, composer of excellent English 
church music. 

DYNE, John ([?]-1788): English 
alto singer and composer. 



125 



E 



Eager 

BAGBR, John (1782-1853) : b. Nor- 
wich, d. Edinburgh; violinist, teacher 
and organist at Yarmouth; partisan of 
Logier; composer of pianoforte sonata 
and songs. 

BAMBS, Bmma (1867- ) : b. 
Shanghai, China, of American parents ; 
operatic soprano, trained in Boston and 
at Paris; sang at Op^ra, Covent Garden, 
Metropolitan Opera House, and Madrid. 
She created the roles of Juliette, Co- 
lombe, Zaire in the operas of Gounod, 
St. Saens, and de la Nux respectively. 
Her parts in Wagner's operas are Eva, 
Elsa, Elisabeth and Sieglinde. She 
married (2nd) Emilio de Gogorza, the 
baritone. Ref.: IV. 143, 147; portrait, 
IV. 144. 

BASTCOTTj Richard (1749-1828) : b. 
Exeter, d. Livery Dale, Devonshire; 
composer and writer; published a mu- 
sical history and a story of the bards. 

EBDEN, Thomas (1738-1811) : b. 
Durham, d. there; organist of the Ca- 
thedral from 1763-1811, composer of 2 
harpsichord sonatas, 6 glees, a march 
and 2 volumes of cathedral music. 

BBEIiING (1) Johann Georg (1637- 
1676): b. Lilneburg, d. Stettin; com- 
poser of church music and chorales. 
In 1662 he was director of the cathe- 
dral and college of St. Nicholas in Ber- 
lin and in 1668 received the professor- 
ship at the Caroline Gymnasium at 
Stettin. Chief among his works is the 
collection of 120 religious songs in the 
Paul! Gerhardi Geistliche Andachten; 
also pub. Archeeologiee Orphicee sive 
Antiquitaies, Some cantatas are still in 
manuscript. (2) Christopher Daniel 
(1741-1817) : b. Garmlssen, Hildeslieim, 
d. Hamburg; author, critic. He studied 
theology and belles-lettres at Gottlngen, 
and in 1784 became professor at the 
Hamburg Gymnasium and city librarian 
there. He translated Chaselaux's 'Con- 
cerning the Union of Music and Poetry' 
and with Klopstock translated Han- 
del's 'Messiah.' He contributed from 
1766 to 1770 to the publication Ham- 
burger Vnterhaltungen, and the Han- 
noverian magazine on 'Opera' and 
'Search of a Selected Musical Library.' 

BBBLIi, Helnrlch Karl (1775-1824) : 
b. Neuruppin, d. Oppeln; composer and 
conductor. From 1801-1804 he aban- 
doned his position as Judge for that of 
Kapellmeister at the Breslau theatre. 
His compositions comprise 10 operas 
and operettas, an oratorio, arias, songs 
and instrumental works. 

EBBRHARD, Johann Angnst (1739- 
1809): b. Halberstadt, d. Halle; profes- 
sor of philosophy at the latter place, 
author of 3 works on musical theory. 



Eberwein 

also of treatises and contributions to 
the Musikalisches Wochenblatt, Berlin. 

BBERHARDT (1) Goby: author of 
two books on method for the violin 
(1907). (2) Anton: composer of 2 op- 
eras, produced 1895 and 1905 (Aachen). 

EBBRHARDUS PRISENGBNSIS 
or Bberhard von Freisingen (11th 
cent.) : Benedictine monk; theorist, 
wrote De mensura ftstularum and Regu- 
lee ad fundentas notas. 

BBERIi, Anton (1766-1807) : b. 
Vienna, d. there; pianist and composer. 
He made many concert tours, was ac- 
quainted with Mozart and in boyhood 
won praise from Gluck. Among his 
compositions are symphonies, sonatas, 
pianoforte trios, chamber-ensembles, 
and five operas (one melodrame, 1794). 
Several of his Variations appeared first 
under Mozart's name and his Symphony 
in E-flat received from at least one 
critic higher praise than Beethoven's 
Eroica. Ref.: VIII. 208. 

BBBRLIIV (1) Daniel (1630-1692) : 
b. Nuremberg, d. Cassel; violinist and 
composer. After fighting in the land 
militia of Cassel, and with the papal 
troops at Morea against the Turks, he 
held successively the positions of libra- 
rian at Nuremberg, home secretary and 
chapel master in Cassel. He was con- 
sidered by Telemann, his father-in-law, 
strong as both violinist and contra- 
puntist. Of his compositions there re- 
main only a trio-sonata and a choral 
and cantata in manuscript. (2) Johann 
Ernst (1702-1762) : b. Jettingen, d. Salz- 
burg; organist and composer. In 1729 
he became chief organist in the cathe- 
dral at Salzburg. He wrote oratorios, 
fugues, motets and cantatas and his 
contrapuntal work was held in esteem 
by Mozart and passed through many 
editions. 

EBBRT, liUdwlg (1834-1908) : b. 
Kladrau, Bohemia; 'cellist in Temesvar 
and Oldenburg; teacher at Cologne 
Cons., joint founder of Coblenz Con- 
servatory, 1889; member of the Heck- 
mann Quartet; composer for 'cello. 

BBBRWBIN (1) Traugott Maxi- 
milian (1775-1831) : b. Weimar, d. Ru- 
dolstadt. He wrote more than one 
hundred works, among them operas and 
cantatas, concertos, quartets, a Mass in 
A-flat and a symphonie-concertante for 
oboe, horn and bassoon. He was Kap- 
ellmeister at Rudolstadt after 1817 and 
counted among his friends Hiller, Zel- 
ter, Beethoven and Salieri. (2) Karl 
(1786-1868): b. Weimar, d. there; vio- 
linist; was a brother of T. M. (1) 
and a protig^ of Goethe, through whose 
recommendation he studied with Zelter 



126 



Ebner 

In Berlin. Of his compositions his mu- 
sic to Holteis' Lenore is best known; 
he "wrote also three operas, a cantata, 
a concerto for the flute, and a string 
quartet. 

BBNBR, AVolfgang (ca. 1610-1665) : 
b. Augsburg, d. Vienna; organist at 
court and conductor and organist, St. 
Stephen's, Vienna. Although highly es- 
teemed by his contemporaries, very 
little of Ebner's work is extant. 

ECCARD, Johannes (1553-1611) : b. 
Miihlhausen, Thuringia, d. Berlin; 
organist and composer. A pupil of 
Orlando di Lasso in Munich, he held 
his first position at Augsburg in Fug- 
ger's household and in 1608 attained 
the rank of Kapellmeister at Berlin. 
He was one of tiie most distinguished 
of Protestant church musicians and his 
chorales are still in use. Of his com- 
pilation of church nsusic and chorales 
his Geistliche Lieder are the most im- 
portant, and were repub. by Stobaus, 
1642-44. One of his compositions set 
to English words 'When Mary to the 
Temple Went' appeared in the Bach 
Choral Magazine. Eccard also com- 
posed many songs for special occasions. 
Ref.: VI. 85f. 

ECCARIUS-SIBBER, Arthur 
(1864- ): b. Gotha; teacher in Zug, 
Ziirich and Diisseldorf; founder of 
Swiss Academy of Music; critic, editor 
(1897-1901) of Kammermusik, pub- 
lished 12 pedagogical works for violin 
and piano, a violin music guide, etc. 

ECCI/ES (1) Solomon (1618-1683) : 
b. London, d. there; musician. In 1667 
he wrote 'A musick lector' and con- 
tributions to 'The Division Violin.' 
Ref.: (cited) IV. 13f. (2) John 
(1668-1735) : b. London, d. Kings- 
ton, Surrey; composer. Eldest son of 
Solomon, he began his career as theat- 
rical composer in 1681 and continued 
for nearly twenty-flve years. During 
this time he composed the music for 
many of Dryden's and Congreve's plays, 
winning in 1700 the second prize for 
musical cony)osition to Congreve's 
'Judgment of Paris.' In 1704 he be- 
came Master of the King's Band, and 
wrote for it masque and court music. 
(3) Henry ([?]-ca. 1742?): violinist in 
King's Band at London, later in Paris, 
where he published 'Twelve Solos for 
the Violin after Corelli.' (4) Thomas: 
violinist; 3rd son of Solomon. He 
was an excellent performer, but dissi- 
pated his abilities. 

BCK (1) Johann Prledrieh (1766- 
1809 or 1810) : b. Mannheim, d. Bam- 
berg; violinist. He was a pupil of 
Donner and rose to high eminence as 
concert leader at Munich. After his 
marriage in 1801, he spent the re- 
mainder of his life in Paris, where 
he published six violin concertos and 
a concertante for two violins. Ref.: 
VIL 418. (2) Franz (1774-1804) : b. 
Mannheim, d. Strassburg; violinist. In 
1802, forced to leave the Munich band 



Eddy 

because of amorous troubles, he toured 
through Russia supervising the musical 
education of Spohr, who thus gained 
a knowledge of the famous Mannheim 
school of violin playing. In Russia 
he was solo violinist at the St. Peters- 
burg court, but again involved himself 
in scandals, and was transported. He 
ended his life in an insane asylum. 
Ref.: Vn. 418f, 440. 

ECKARDT, Johann Gottfried 
(1735-1809) : b. Augsburg, d. Paris ; 
composer and pianist; he ranked sec- 
ond to Schobert among Paris clavecin- 
ists, but has left only 8 piano sonatas 
in print. Ref.: II. 67, 102. 

ECKEIi, Mathlns (early 16th cent.) : 
German composer of motets, part-songs, 
hymns and chansons. 

ECKELT, Johann Valentin (1673- 
1732) : b. Werningshausen, d. Sonders- 
hausen; virtuoso on organ; organist 
at Wernigerode and at Sondershausen ; 
author of three theoretical works, one 
still in manuscript at his death; com- 
poser of a Passion and organ-cantatas. 

EOKER (1) Karl (1813-1879): b. 
Freiburg, d. there; abandoned law for 
music, studied with Sechter and wrote 
male quartets and songs. (2) Wenzel. 
See Gericke, Wilhelm. 

ECKERT, Karl Anton Florlan 
(1820-1879): b. Potsdam, d. Berlin; 
pianist, composer and conductor. ^ Eck- 
ert owed his entire musical education to 
patrons, who throughout his life show- 
ered favors upon him. The poet For- 
ster had him taught by Greulich, Ries 
and Rungenhagen; later, in 1839, he 
studied with Mendelssohn. He was a 
'wonder-child,' composing an opera. Das 
Fischermadchen, at the age of ten, an 
oratorio at thirteen, and another at 
twenty. Among his compositions are 
operas, a symphony, church music and 
many less ambitious works; few of 
them have survived. As a conductor 
he was unsurpassed in his day, acting 
as director of the Vienna court opera 
in 1853, Kapellmeister in 1860 at Stutt- 
gart, and director at Berlin. 

ECKHOIiD, Herman Richard 
(1855- ): b. Schandau, Saxony; vio- 
linist and conductor; studied at Dres- 
den Cons.; conductor of various opera 
companies. 

fiCORCHEVILIiE, Jnles (1872- 
1915): b. Paris, d. in battle; pupil of 
Franck; critic; editor of the Parisian 
section of the 'International Musical 
Society'; author of several books deal- 
ing with music and musicians in 
France. 

EDDY, Clarence H. (1851- ) : b. 
Greenfield, Mass.; organist and com- 
poser. After studying under Wilson 
and Buck in America, he became the 
pupil of Haupt and Loschhorn in Ber- 
lin, and then successfully toured Switz- 
erland, Holland, Austria and Germany 
in concert. In 1874 he returned to the 
United States to assume the position 
of organist in Chicago, where he gave 



127 



Edelmaim 

his first series of organ recitals. In 
1877 lie took the directorship of the 
Hershey Music School, "where he gave 
a series of one hundred "weekly con- 
certs on the organ. His own composi- 
tions are in the classic forms, fugues, 
preludes and canons. He translated 
Haupt's 'Theory of Counterpoint and 
Fugue' and published two sets of or- 
gan pieces for church and concert. Ref. : 
VI. 460. 

BDEILMAIVN, JTohann Friedrich 
(1749-1794) : b. Strassburg, d. on a 
Paris guillotine; composer of pianoforte 
pieces and of an opera, Ariadne (prod. 
1782). 

EDGCUMBE, Richard, Eabi. of 
Mount- (1764-1839) : b. London, d. 
there; patron of music, author of per- 
sonal reminiscences which preserve 
anecdotes of opera singers popular in 
England from 1773-1834. He -wrote one 
opera, Zenobia, which he produced in 
London. 

BDSOIV, Lewis (1748-1820): b. 
Bridgewater, Mass., d. Woodstock, N. 
Y. ; hymnologist, compiled 'The New 
York College of Sacred Music' 

ED"VI]VA, Marie Louise Lincienne 
(n^e Martin); b. Quebec; dramatic so- 
prano; studied with Jean de Reszk^; 
member of Chicago Opera Company 
since 1915. 

EDWARD VI, King of England. 
Ref.: VL 90, 449; VIL 375. 

EDWARDS (1) Richard (1523- 
1566): b. Somersetshire; composer; 
Master of the Children of the Chapel 
Royal; compiler of 'The Paradise of 
Dainty Devices' (pub. 1576) ; wrote 
dramatic pieces 'Damon and Pythias' 
and 'Palamon and Arcite,' played be- 
fore Queen Elizabeth; probably com- 
posed part-songs. Ref.: VI. 75. (2) 
Henry Sutherland (1829-1906) : b. at 
Hendon, Middlesex, d. London; histo- 
rian and litterateur. He wrote a 'His- 
tory of the Opera . . , from Monteverde 
to Verdi' ... (2 vols.), a 'Life of Ros- 
sini,' the 'Lyric Drama' (2 vols.), the 
'Prima Donna' (2 vols.), and 'The Rus- 
sians at Home.' (3) Henry John 
(1854- ): b. Barnstable; organist, 
pianist and composer. After study- 
ing with his father, Bennett, Macfar- 
ren, H. C. Banister and Cooper, he took 
his doctor's degree in music from Ox- 
ford in 1885. His work is chiefly reli- 
gious — oratorios, motets and church 
music. (4) Julian (1855-1910): b. 
Manchester, d. Yonkers, N. Y. ; in Lon- 
don he produced the operas 'Corinna' 
(1880) and 'Victorian' (1883). Later 
he went to America, where he pro- 
duced the operas 'King Rent's Daugh- 
ter' (N. Y., 1893) and 'The Patriot' 
(Boston, 1907), also 15 comic operas 
and several large choral works. His 
library of opera scores was donated 
to the N. Y. Public Library. Ref.: IV. 461. 

EEDEST (1) Gilles van den (ca. 
1705-1782) : organist; court organ- 
ist and composer in Bonn, 1726-80; 



128 



Ehrbap 

teacher of Beethoven. (2) Jean Bap- 
tiste (b. 1842, Ghent) ; composer; pupil 
of the Ghent and Brussels conserva- 
tories and there, in 1869, won the first 
prize with a cantata, Fausts laatste 
nacht. In 1878 he succeeded Huberti 
as Director of the Mons Cons. Among 
his works, besides many minor pieces 
are oratorios, cantatas, a symphonic 
poem, a scherzo and an opera. 

EPFREM, Muzio (ca. 1555- [?]): b. 
Naples, d. there [?]; court conductor at 
Mantua and Florence ; composed madri- 
gals, opposed to the style of Marco da 
Gagliano (1623). 

EGAN, Eugene: an Irish dwarf, who 
built the organ in Lisbon Cathedral, 
1740. 

EGENOI/FF (or Egenolph), Chris- 
tian (1502-1555) : d. Frankf ort-on-Main ; 
music printer whose work was of poor 
quality and whose publications consist 
mainly of reprints. 

EGGELING, Eduard (1813-1885) : b. 
Brunswick, d. Harzburg; teacher, writer 
and composer. 

EGGHARD, Jules (real name Count 
Hardesg) (1834-1867): b. Vienna, d. 
there; pianist and composer of popu- 
lar salon pieces. 

EGIDI, Arthur (1859- ) : b. Ber- 
lin; organist, director, teacher and com- 
poser. He studied at the Royal High 
School and with Kiel and Taubert, 
has taught at a Cons. In Frankfort-on- 
Main and at the Royal Institute for 
Church Music; organist in Berlin and 
composer of songs, choruses and an 
overture. 

EGLI, Johann Helnrich (1742-1810) : 
b. Seegraben, Ziirich, d. Zilrich; Swiss 
song composer; prod. 7 books of Swiss 
folk-songs, part-songs, etc. 

BHLERT, lionis (1825-1884) : b. 
Konigsberg, d. Wiesbaden; composer, 
pianist and critic; studied under Men- 
delssohn at the Leipzig Cons., 1845, and 
at Vienna. He directed the Societd 
Chembini at Florence up to 1869 and 
from then on taught successively in 
Berlin, Meiningen and Wiesbaden. His 
compositions were universally success- 
ful, including overtures to 'Hafiz' and 
'A Winter's Tale,' a 'Spring Symphony,' 
a Requiem fiXr ein Kind, but it is 
through his critical writings that he 
is best known. He published a volume 
of Brief e liber Musik in 1859, which 
was translated into French and English. 
Rcimische Tage (1867, 1888), Aus der 
Tonwelt (2 vols., 1877) are travel sou- 
venirs and essays. Ref.: III. 20. 

EHMANT, Anselm (1832-1895) : d. 
Paris; conductor, teacher and didactic 
composer for piano. 

EHNN-SAND, Bertha (1845- ): 
b. Pesth; pupil of Frau Andriessen; 
operatic soprano; sang in Llnz, Graz, 
Hanover, Nuremberg, and (1868-1885) at 
the court opera of Vienna. 

EHRBAR, Friedrich (1827-1905) : b. 
Hlldesheim, d. near Gloggnitz; manu- 
facturer of excellent pianofortes, for 



Elhrenhofer 

which he has taken first prizes In Mu- 
nich, Paris, London and Vienna. 

E:HRB]VH0FE;R, Waltlier Bdinnnd 

(1872- ) : b. Hoheneble, Bohemia: 
engineer and musician, chorus leader of 
a musical society at Rossitz, 1897; an 
expert on the mechanism of the organ 
and author of Grundziige der Orgel- 
baurevision. He is the editor of a 
periodical on organ building and com- 
poses piano sonatas, duets, etc. 

EHRLICH (1) FTledrich Christian 
(1807-1887): b. Magdeburg, d. there; in- 
structor, musical director, pianist and 
composer. His two operas are Die 
Roseinddchen and Konig Georg. (2) 
[Alfred] Helnrlch (1822-1899) : b. 
Vienna, d. Berlin; pianist, critic and 
author; court-pianist to King George 
V at Hanover; composed a few piano 
works, a KonzertstiXck in nngarischer 
Weise, Lebensbilder and 'Variations on 
an Original Theme.* As a music critic 
he has contributed to the Berliner Tage- 
blatt. Die Gegenwart, and Die neue Ber- 
liner Musikzeitung ; he wrote Shake- 
speare als Kenner der Musik, Modernes 
Musikleben, etc. (3) .A.: pseudonym 
of an anonymous author who pub- 
lished works on music and musicians, 
1893-99 

E:IBE:]VSCH«TZ (l) Albert (1857-) : 
b. Berlin; music teacher. He was a 
pupil of Paul and Reinecke at the 
Leipzig Cons., and since then has 
taught at Leipzig, Cologne, Berlin, and 
at his own conservatory at Wiesbaden. 
(2) Ilona (1873- ) : b. Pesth; pianist. 
A pupil of Schmitt and of Clara Schu- 
mann, she toured with great success 
from 1890 to 1902, when she mar- 
ried. 

EICHBERG (1) Jnllns (1824-1893): 
b. Dusseldorf, d. Roston; violinist and 
composer. He studied under Rietz and 
at the Brussels Cons., taught the violin 
at Geneva and after leading orchestral 
concerts in New York and Boston, he 
became director of the Boston Cons, 
and founded a school for the study of 
the violin. His compositions number 
not only pieces for the violin, but four 
operettas. Ref.: IV. 250, 457. (2) Oscar 
(1845-1898): b. Berlin, d. there; com- 
poser, teacher and writer on music. 
In 1888 he became president of the 
Berlin Music Teachers' Society, and for 
15 years he was music critic of the 
Borsen-Courier. His critical works 
were on Wagnerian music; his compo- 
sitions include pieces for the piano, 
choruses and songs. 

EICHBORN, Hermann liuatvlg 
(1847- ) : b. Breslau; abandoned law 
for music, which he studied under 
Bohn. He became a virtuoso on wald- 
hom and trumpet, composed for piano 
and waldhorn, also wrote comic op- 
eras and singspiele. He was the joint 
inventor with Heidrich of the 'octave- 
waldhorn' and his monographs on wind 
instruments are a valuable contribution 
to musical history. 

129 



Msfeld 

EICHHEIM, HenFF: contemp. Amer- 
ican composer. Ref.: IV. 447. 

EICHHORN (1) Jobann Paul (1787- 
1835): court musician, Coburg; father 
of (2), (3) and (4), who were prodi- 
gies and appeared in concert tours as 
violinists. (2) Johann Gottfried 
Ernst (1822-1844) : son of (1) ; vio- 
linist. (3) Johann Karl Edunrd 
(1823-1896): court conductor, Coburg; 
brother of (2). (4) Alexander (1827- 
1903) : director of court music, Coburg, 
brother of (2) and (3). 

EICHNER, Ernst (1740-1777): b. 
Mannheim, d. Potsdam; concert-con- 
ductor, virtuoso on bassoon in Paris, 
London and Potsdam; composer of 31 
symphonies, piano concertos and so- 
natas, trios with piano obbligatos, 
duets for violin and 'cello, etc. Eich- 
ner was an able representative of the 
younger Mannheim School. Ref.: VIIL 
145. 

EICKHOPP, Pan! (1850- ): b. 
Giltersloh; professor of philology at 
Wandsbeck Gymnasium; author of 2 
books on the Sapphic strophe and a 
study of the Giltersloher Choralbuch. 

EIJKEIV (1) Jan Albert van (1822- 
1868) : b. Amersfoort, Holland, d. Elber- 
feld; pupil In composition and the 
organ of Leipzig Conservatory and of 
J. Schneider; organist and teacher in 
Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Elberfeld. 
He is distinguished for his excellent 
works for the organ, but has written 
besides songs, quartets, a violin sonata, 
etc. Ref.: VI. 469. (2) Gerhard Isaac 
van (b. 1832): b. Amersfoort; brother 
of Jan; organist and teacher in Utrecht, 
1855. (3) Helnrlch van (1861-1908) : 
b. Elberfeld, d. Berlin; son of Jan; 
studied at Leipzig Cons, and in the 
Berlin Academy, then taught theory at 
the Royal High School, Berlin, and 
wrote articles on chorale and harmony. 
He has also composed songs. 

EIJIvENS, Daniel Simon (1812- 
1891): b. Antwerp, d. there; composer 
of operas, choruses, etc. 

EIIiENBERG, Richard (1848- ) : 
b. Merseburg; composer of marches, 
ballet, operettas, salon pieces, etc.; 
was for a time Musikdirektor in Stet- 
tin; later settled in Berlin. 

EII/ERS, Albert (1830-1896) : b. 
Cothen, d. Darmstadt, where he was 
basso-cantante at City Theatre; in 1876 
chosen by Wagner for the role of Fasolt 
in the Bayreuth production of the 
'Ring.' 

EIIVSTBIIV, Alfred (1880- ) : b. 

Munich; writer of studies on musical 
subjects, including Zur deutschen Liter- 
atuT fiir Viola da Gamba. 

EISBBIN. See Osborne, Adbienne. 

EISBIVHUT, Georg (1841-1891) : b. 
Aaram, d. there; student in Vienna 
Cons., composer of 2 Croatian operas, 
also dances, etc. 

EISPEIiD, Tbeodor (1816-1882) : b. 
Wolfenbilttel, d. Wiesbaden; studied 
violin and composition under MuUer and 



Eisler 

K. G. Reissigcr and singing -with Ros- 
sini; conducted the Paris Concerts Vtv- 
ienne and tlie Philharmonic Society, 
New York. He "was an honorary mem- 
ber of the Cecilia Academy of N. Y. 
and returned to Germany, 1865. Be/.; 

IV. 203. 

EISLER, Edmund (1874- ) : b. 
Vienna; composer of 8 operettas and 
a pantomime prod, in Vienna, 1901- 
1908. 

EISSIiER (1) Marianne (1865- ) : 
b. Brilnn; violinist. (2) Emma: sister 
of Marianne; pianist. 

EIST, Diet Ton: Minnesinger. Ref.: 
I. 218. 

EITNER, Robert (1832-1905) : b. 
Breslau, d. Templin, Uckermarlt; music 
teacher and historian. He studied with 
Brosig, then taught music and conducted 
concerts in Berlin. In 1863 he founded 
a school for pianoforte in Berlin and 
published his Bilfsbuch beim Klavier- 
unterrlcht (1871) as the result of his 
practical experience. His dictionary of 
Dutch Composers and his editions of 
Sweelinck's organ compositions "were 
done for the Amsterdam Society for 
the Promotion of Music. He edited the 
Monatshefte fiir Musikgeschichte (1869- 
1905) and the Publtkation alterer prak- 
tischer und theoretischer Musikwerke. 
His greatest achievement is his bio- 
graphical work, the Quellenlexikon 
uber die Musiker und Musikgelehrten 
der christlichen Zeitrechnang bis zur 
Mitte des i9,Jahrhunderts. Ref.: IX. 9. 

EITZ, Kjirl (1848- ): b. Wehr- 
stedt, Germany; singing teacher and 
theoretician. As vocal teacher in the 
Eisleben Biirgerschule he has endeav- 
ored to introduce a sort of Tonic 
sol-fa method similar to that used in 
English-speaking countries. He pub- 
lished a school song book for use in 
Saxony, 1893; in 1889 a Deutsche Sing- 
fibel, and he has embodied his system 
in the instruction for the city schools 
of Eisleben. He is the author of other 
books on his method, etc. 

ELAIVDI, Rita: b. Cincinnati, O. ; 
contemp. dramatic soprano, who created 
'Santuzza' in the English version of 
I Pagliacci; sang in Italy, Spain, Ger- 
many and New York. 

BLDERING, Bram (1865- ) : b. 

Groningen, Holland; violinist, conduc- 
tor. He received his training from 
Joachim and others and conducted the 
Berlin Philharmonic Society and the 
court chapel in Meiningen. 

ELEANOR OP AtttJITAINE. Ref.: 

V. 140. 

ELiERS (or Elerns), Franz (ca. 
1500-1590): b. Clzen, d. Hamburg; can- 
tor, teacher of singing, director of the 
Hamburg Cathedral, prod. (1588) a book 
of sacred songs, collects, responses, etc. 

ELEAVIJCK, Xavier Victor van 
(1825-1888) : b. Ixelles Us Bruxelles, d. 
Tirlemont; conductor of Louvain Ca- 
thedral and of sacred concerts; com- 
poser of motets and orchestral pieces; 



Eller 

author of monographs on church mu- 
sic. 

EL PARABI. See Alfarabi. 

ELGAR, Sir Edward [William] 

(1857- ) : b. Broadheath, Worcester, 
Eng. ; violinist and composer. His 
early training was very slight. He 
studied the organ under his father's 
guidance, and violin under PoUitzer. 
He acted as bandmaster to the county 
asylum for the 'insane, his musicians 
being the attendants, 1879-84; conducted 
the Worcester Amateur Instrumental So- 
ciety for seven years, during four of 
which he was organist at St. George's. 
In 1900 he received the degree of Mus. 
Doc. from Cambridge, and two years 
later was knighted. The Worcester Fes- 
tival of 1890 produced his Froissart 
overture; songs, cantatas and orches- 
tral pieces followed, and in 1900 he 
wrote for the Birmingham Festival 'The 
Dream of Gerontius.' His compositions 
include oratorios ('The Light of Life,' 
'The Dream of Gerontius,' 'The Apos- 
tles,' a trilogy), cantatas ('The Black 
Knight,' 'King Olaf,' 'Caractacus,' 'The 
Music Makers,' etc.), concert overtures 
('Froissart,' 'Cocaigne,' 'In the South'), 
'Enigma Variations' and 'Pomp and 
Circumstance' for orchestra, a 'Fal- 
staff' symphony, a serenade for chorus 
and orchestra, another for string orch., 
chamber music, organ sonata, violin 
pieces, piano pieces, etc., many of 
which were given in a three-day festi- 
val at Covent Garden, in the Birming- 
ham Festival of 1903, the London Fes- 
tival of 1911 and in the United States. 
Ref. : III. X, xi, xiv, .xviii, 415, il9: V. 
371f ; choral works, VI. 211ff; organ, VL 
494; orch. works, VIII. 474; mus. ex., 
Xrv. 181; portraits. III. 424; VI. 360. 

ELIAS, Salomonis (13th cent.) : 
priest at St. Astere, Perigord; author 
of Scientia artis musicee (1274) which 
notes 'archaisms' in sacred and secular 
music of his time. 

ELIOT, John. Ref.. (cited) IV. 16, 
19fr. 

ELISI, Filippo (18th cent.) : Italian 
tenor, sang in London, 1765. 

ELIZABETH, Queen of England. 
Ref.: rv. 5; VI. 90, 93, 448, 449; VII. 4; 
X. 84, 145, 150. 

ELKTJS, Albert: contemp. American 
composer. Ref.: IV. 400. 

ELLA, John (1802-1888) : b. Thirsk, 
York, d. London; violinist at the King's 
Theatre, in the Concerts of Ancient 
Music and in the Philharmonic, Lon- 
don, lecturer at the London Institution 
and author of musical lectures, sketches 
and memoirs. 

ELLBERG, Ernst Henrik (1868-) : 
Soderhamm, Sweden; studied at the 
Stockholm Cons.; professor there since 
1903 ; composed a symphony in D ; 2 
concert-overtures ; a ballet-pantomime, 
Askungen (Stockholm, 1907); instru- 
mental music and choruses. 

ELLER, Lonis (1820-1862) : b. Graz, 
d. Pan; 1842, concert conductor at 



130 



Ellerton 

Salzburg; violin virtuoso, second only 
to Joachim in popularity, and com- 
poser for his instrument. 

ELliERTON, Jolrn Lodge (1807- 
1873): b.' Cheshire, d. London; a dilet- 
tante, but a prolific composer. He wrote 
11 operas (English, German and Ital- 
ian), a Stabat Mater, an oratorio, 251 
otlier compositions, including masses, 
string quartets and quintets, glees and 
other vocal works, 6 symphonies and 4 
concert overtures. 

ELLEVIOU, Jean (1769-1842) : b. 
Rennes, d. Paris; famous tenor of the 
Opira Comique. M^hul wrote the lead- 
ing r61e in 'Joseph' for him, as did 
Boieldieu in Jean de Paris. 

EliLICOTT, Rosalinde Frances 
(1857- ) : b. Cambridge ; pupil of 
Wingham at the Royal Music Academy; 
composer of 4 cantatas given at music 
festivals, 3 concert overtures, and cham- 
ber music, choruses, songs, etc. 

EL.L.I1VG, Catherlnns (1858- ) : b. 
Christianla; studied there, at Leipzig 
and Berlin, teacher at Christiania 
Cons., organist in Oslo, official collector 
of Norwegian folk-melodies since 1908; 
composed an opera, an oratorio, a sym- 
phony, music to 'A Midsununer Night's 
Dream,' chamber music, songs, etc.; 
wrote on Norwegian composers, folk- 
melodies, etc. Ref.: in. 98. 

ElililOTT, James -William (1833-) : 
b. Warwick, Eng. ; organist, trained by 
Macfarren; organist at St. Mark's, Lon- 
don, 1874; composer of 2 operettas. 

ELIilS, Alexander John (1814- 
1890): b. Horton, d. Kensington; writer 
on musical theory; translator of the 
theoretical works of Helmholtz, Ohms 
and Preyer and author of monographs, 
published as introductions to his trans- 
lations. He was held in high esteem 
both in the Royal Society of Arts and 
the Musical Association and has con- 
tributed original material to the his- 
tory of music in his 'History of Musi- 
cal Pitch.' 

BliLMBXREICH, Albert (1816- 
1905): b. Carlsruhe, d. Liibeck; actor, 
poet and composer of 3 operas, prod. 
Schwerin. 

EliMABT, Mischa (1892- ): b. 
Talnoi; popular violin virtuoso, whose 
public career began at 5, who has 
studied with Fidelman and Auer; has 
toured Europe and America several 
times. Ref.: VII. 464f. 

ELiMENHORST, Heinrieh (1632- 
1704) : b. Parchim, Mecklenburg, d. 
Hamburg; author of sacred songs set 
by J. W. Franck, also librettist of Ger- 
man opera at Hamburg. 

EliOY (or d'Amerval) (15th cent.): 
French conductor at St. Croix at Or- 
leans, composer of church music, whose 
work, save for one mass and a few 
fragments of other masses, has entirely 
perished. Ref.: I. 244. 

ELSENHEIMER, Nicholas J. 
(1866- ): b. Wiesbaden; a pupil of 
jacobstbal in Strassburg, who in 1891 



I^lwart 

became professor of the College of Mu- 
sic in Cincinnati, His 2 important com- 
positions are cantatas. Valerian and 
Belshazzar. 

ELSNER, Josef Xaver (1769-1854) : 
b. Grottkau, d. Warsaw; violinist and 
composer. In 1799 he went to Warsaw, 
where in 1816 he directed a School of 
Song and Declamation, which afterward 
became the Warsaw Conservatory. He 
wrote 19 operas, 3 symphonies, 6 string 
quartets, etc., beside treatises on rhythm 
and metre in the Polish language. 

ELSON (1) Lonis Charles (1848-) : 
b. Boston, Mass.; pupil of Kreissmann 
(singing) and Hamann (piano) in Bos- 
ton, Gloggner-Castelli (theory) in Leip- 
zig ; professor of theory at the New Eng- 
land Cons, since 1882; editor 'Musical 
Herald,' then critic on Boston 'Courier,' 
'Advertiser,' etc.; author (or editor) of 
many books on musical history, aes- 
thetics and pedagogy, notably 'History of 
American Music' (2nd ed. 1916), as 
well as joint editor of the series 'Great 
Composers and Their Works.' Ref.: 
(on early American music) IV. 2, 32; 
(cited) IV. 97; (quoted) IV. 99; (on 
American patriotic songs) IV. 320, 324. 
(2) Arthur (1873- ): b. Boston; 
studied at New England Cons. ; author 
of a number of books on music and 
musicians (1901-16). 

ELSSL.br (1) Fanny (1810-1888) : b. 
Gumpendorf, d. Vienna; famous ballet 
dancer in Berlin, London, Paris and 
America. Re/.; X. 151, 155ff. (2) The- 
resa (d. Meran, 1878) : dancer and mor- 
ganatic wife of Adelbert of Prussia. 

BLSTER, Daniel (1796-1857) : b. 
Benshausen, d. Wettingen, near Baden; 
student of medicine and of music; 
teacher of the latter at Baden, Brem- 
garteu and Wettingen, writer of text- 
books and composer of choruses. 

ELTBRLEIN. See Gottschald. 

ELVEY (1) Stephen (1805-1860) : b. 
Canterbury, d. Oxford; organist of New 
College, director of music in the Uni- 
versity there; composer of songs and 
religious music. (2) [Sir] George Job 
(1816-1893) : b. Canterbury, d. Windle- 
sham, Surrey; organist of St. George's 
Chapel, Windsor; composer of church 
music. 

EL^VART, Antolne Aimable fiHe 
(1808-1877): b. Paris, d. there; com- 
poser and author; was a chorister at 
St. Eustache; at thirteen was appren- 
ticed to a box-maker, but he ran away 
and became violinist in a small thea- 
tre. He studied composition under F^- 
tis at the Conservatoire. In 1828, while 
a pupil of Lesueur, he founded Con- 
certs (Simulation which lasted six years; 
in 1831 he received the Grand Prix de 
Rome. From 1836-1871 he was asso- 
ciated with the Conservatoire as teacher 
(Gouvy, Grisar, Weckerlin studied with 
him). His compositions include sym- 
phonies, overtures, chamber music, vo- 
cal and instrumental church music. 
Among his 16 books on musical sub- 



131 



Elwes 

jects are Histolre de la Societi des Con- 
certs da Conservatoire (1860), Feuille 
harmonique (1841), Le contrepoint et 
la fugue appliquis au style iddal and 
Histolre des concerts populaires (1864). 

ELWES, Gervase Cary (1866- ) : 
b. Northampton; diplomat who aban- 
doned that field for music; tenor known 
in Europe and America as a singer oi 
Brahms. 

EtWYN, Earl of. Re/.; VI. 401. 

EMERSON (1) Luther Orlando 
(1820- ) : b. Parsonsfleld, Mass. ; com- 
poser of sacred songs and compiler of 
5 collections. (2) Ralpb Waldo. Ref.: 
(quoted on Elssler) X. 155. 

EMERY, Stepben Albert (1841- 
1891) : b. Paris, Maine; d. Boston; stud. 
Leipzig Cons., and with Spindler at 
Dresden; teacher in New England Con- 
servatory and Boston University, 1867; 
member of the faculty of Boston Univ., 
associate editor Musical Herald and au- 
thor of 'Foundation Studies in Piano 
Playing,' and 'Elements of Harmony' 
(1880, 2nd. ed. 1907). He composed 
piano sonatas, string quartets, choruses, 
etc. Ref.: IV. 334; portrait, IV. 332. 

EMMANUEL,, Maurice (1862- ) : 
b. Bar-sur-Aube ; studied at the Con- 
servatoire and later specialized in mu- 
sical history under Gevaert in Brussels; 
professor at the Conservatoire since 
1910; joint editor of Rameau's works, 
pub. by Durand; won the Academic 
prize with a Histoire de la tongue mu- 
sicale (2 vols., Paris, 1911) ; wrote 
many other valuable works on music, 
and has composed instrumental pieces, 
songs, etc. 

EMMERICH, Robert (1836-1891) 5 
b. Hanau, d. Baden-Baden; abandoned 
law and the army for music; produced 
3 operas in Darmstadt, conducted the 
city theatre at Magdeburg, directed the 
New Singing Society in Stuttgart, and 
has composed besides 2 symphonies, 
a cantata, etc. 

EMMETT, Daniel D. (19th cent.) : 
American negro minstrel, composer of 
'Dixie.' Ref.: IV. 316, 318, 327f. 

[DBIi] ENCINA, Juan (1469-ca. 
1534) : b. Encina, near Salamanca, d. 
Salamanca; court poet and composer 
to Duke of Alba; called the 'father of 
Spanish drama' and precursor of the 
oratorio by virtue of his sacred repre- 
sentaciones or autos; also composer 
of solo songs and part-songs. 

ENDE (1) Heinrich von (1858- 
1904): b. Essen-on-Ruhr, d. Cologne; 
music publisher, writer and composer 
of songs and piano pieces. (2) Amelia 
von (nee Kremper) (1856- ) : b. 
Warsaw, Poland; pianist, composer 
and teacher; studied at the War- 
saw Cons, and in Milwaukee and 
Chicago; taught in Milwaukee, Chi- 
cago and New York; lecturer on 
musical history. Von Ende School 
of Music; correspondent for the 
Musikalische Wochenblatt, Leipzig; 
contributor to 'Musical Courier' and 



Engel 

other musical journals; composed 'Four 
Songs for Medium Voice' (Berlin, 1899) 
and many other songs in MS.; also so- 
los for violin and piano; pub. 'New 
York' (Berlin, 1909) ; contributor to 
•The Art of Music' (1916). (3) Her- 
wegh von (1877- ): b. Milwaukee; 
violinist; studied at American Cons. 
of Music, Chicago, with Bemhard 
Ziehu and Josef Villm, Chicago, and 
with Carl Halir, Anton Witek and 
Ernst Eduard Taubert in Berlin; teach- 
er at American Cons, of Music, 1893; 
1st violin Berlin Philharmonic Orch. ; 
concerts in U. S., 1899-1900; director of 
violin department, American Institute 
of Applied Music, New York, 1903-10; 
organized von Ende Violin School, 1910, 
von Ende School of Music, 1911, von 
Ende String Quartet, 1907; member 
Riibner-Yon Ende-Altschuler Trio. 

BNDI/ER (or Enderle, or Ender- 
lein), Wllhelm Gottfried (1722-1793) : 
b. Bayreuth, d. Darmstadt; conductor 
and composer of unpublished con- 
certos, orch. suites, symphonies, etc.; 
pub. violin duets and 2 symphonies. 

BNESCO, Georges (1881- ) : b. 
Cordaremi, Rumania; violinist and 
composer, pupil of Hellmesberger in 
Vienna, Marsick (violin) and Faure 
(comp.) at the Paris Cons., composer of 
violin sonatas, suites, string quintet, 
Poeme roumain for orch., symphony, 
(symph. suite, etc. Ref.: VII. 466. 

ENGEL (1) Jobann Jakob (1741- 
1802) : b. Parchim, Mecklenburg; d. 
there; teacher and theatre director in 
Berlin; author of Vber die musicalische 
Mahlerey, an operatic text, etc. (2) 
David Hermann (1816-1877) : b. Neu- 
ruppln, d. Merseburg; teacher of music 
in Berlin; teacher and organist In the 
Merseburg Cathedral and cathedral 
school; composer for the organ and 
author of three books on organ and 
choir instruction. (3) Carl (1818- 
1882) : b. Thiedewiese, near Hanover; 
d. Kensington, London; an accepted 
and valued authority on the history 
of musical instruments and European 
folk-song; the author of 10 books, con- 
tributor to the 'Musical Times,* etc. He 
published 'The Music of the Most Ancient 
Nations' (1864, 2nd ed., 1870) ; 'An In- 
troduction to the Study of National 
Music' (1866) ; 'Musical Instruments of 
All Countries' (1869) ; 'A Descriptive 
Catalogue of the Musical Instruments 
In the South Kensington Museum' 
(1874); 'Catalogue of the Special Ex- 
hibition of Ancient Musical Instru- 
ments' (2nd ed., 1873) ; 'Musical Myths 
and Facts' (1876, 2 vols.) ; 'The Lit- 
erature of National Music' (1879) ; 'Re- 
searches into the Early History of the 
Violin-Family' (1883) ; 'The Pianist's 
Handbook' (1853) ; 'Reflections on 
Church Music for Churchgoers' (1856). 
Ref.: (quoted) I. 13, 16, 70, 80; IV. 
446f. (4) Gustav Eduard (1823-1895) : 
b. Konigsberg, d. Berlin; philologist, 
gymnasium teacher, then teacher or 



132 



Engelbert von Admont 

singing at Kullak's Academy and the 
Royal Higli School for Music. He 
wrote books and essays on singing, 
musical aesthetics, analysis, and was 
critic for various Berlin newspapers. 
(5) Pierre £:mlle (1847- ): b. 
Paris ; operatic tenor ; sang New Or- 
leans, Brussels, and Paris. (6) Julius 
Dimitrie-Flteli (1868- ) : b. Berd- 
jansk, Taurida; noted music critic and 
contributor to music-lexicons. 

ENGEJLBERT VON ADMONT (14th 
cent.): d. Admont, 1331; theoretician, 
author of De musica (Gerbert, Scrip- 
tores, ii). 

ENGEIiBRECHT, C. P. (1817- 
1868) : b. Kyritz, d. Havelberg; com- 
poser of many valued compositions for 
the organ. 

ENGBLMANN (1) Geor^ (17th 
cent.): director of music at Leipzig; 
prod. 3 books of 5-part paduans, gal- 
liards, etc. (2) C. See Kaffkla. 

ENGELSBERG, E. S. See ScHON, 
Eduaed. 

E1VGL.ANDER, Lndvrig (19th cent.) : 
German-American composer of light 
operas. Ref.: TV. 461f. 

ENGIiEERIED, George and 
Charles: contemp. American organ 
builders. Ref.: VI. 410. 

ENNA, August (1860- ) : b. 
Nakskov, Denmark; studied the violin 
alone in Copenhagen; toured in an 'in- 
ternational' orchestra; prod, the oper- 
etta, 'A Village Tale,' and published an 
orchestral suite and a symphony; 
through Gade's patronage he received 
the Ancker scholarship for German 
study. Since then his compositions 
include 7 operas (prod, with success), 
2 ballets, a violin concerto, 2 sympho- 
nies, Marchen (symph. pictures), piano 
pieces and songs. Ref.: III. 73f. 

ENOCH, Frederick. Ref.: VI. 182. 

ENOCH & Co.: 19th cent, music 
publishing house in London. 

ENSTONB, Edvrard (18th cent) : 
English organist; musical pioneer in 
America. Ref.: FV. 24f. 

EPHORUS, Greek writer, 1st cent. 
B.C. Ref.: (cited) I. 95. 

[Li'] EPINE, Francesca Margerita 
de (17th cent.) : Italian wife of Dr. 
Pepusch; sang and played the harpsi- 
chord. Maria Gallia, her sister, was 
also a singer. 

EPSTEIN (1) Julius (1832- ): 
b. Agram; pianoforte professor; stud- 
ied with Llchtenegger, Halm, Rufl- 
natscha ; taught at the Vienna Conserva- 
tory. (2) Rudolfine: daughter of (1) ; 
'cellist. (3) Eugenia: daughter of 
(1) ; violinist in Austria and Germany. 
(4) Richard (1869- ): b. Vienna; 
son of (1) ; noted as an accompanist. 

£:RARD (1) sebastien (1752-1831); 
b. Strassburg, d. near Passy; of Ger- 
man descent, the founder of the Erard 
harp and pianoforte firm in England 
and France; patronized by Duchess of 
Villeroi and Louis XVI. The first 
French pianoforte was made by him 



in 1777. He invented the clavecin mi- 
chanique, the piano orgaiiisi and the 
harp a fourchette and made important 
improvements in the mechanism of 
harp and piano (q.v.) Ref.: II. 163, 
198; VII. 157. (2) Jean Baptiste 
was associated with liim in the firm. 
After his death his nephew, Pierre E., 
took charge of the firm and was suc- 
ceeded by Pierre Schaffer, then by 
Count de Franquevllle. 

ERATOSTHENES (274 B.C.-195 
B.C.) : b. Cyrene, d. Alexandria; director 
of the Alexandrian Library, writer on 
Greek music and instruments. 

ERB, Maria Josef (1860- ) : b. 
Strassburg, Alsatia; student of church 
music in Paris; organist, pianist and 
teacher In Strassburg, composer of 
five operas, a Singspiel, a tone poem, 
songs, a symphony, violin sonata, or- 
gan pieces, piano pieces, a mass, etc. 
See Addenda. 

ERBACH, Christian (ca. 1570- 
1635) : b. Algesheim, Hesse ; d. Augs- 
burg; organist of the latter city, com- 
poser of important motets and organ 
pieces. Ref.: VI. 431. 

ERBEN (1) Balthasar (17th cent.- 
1686) : organist and conductor in Wei- 
mar and at IDanzig; teacher and com- 
poser of instrumental part songs, pre- 
served in manuscript in Berlin Royal 
Library. (2) Robert (1862- ) : b. 
Troppau; operatic composer. In 1895 
he produced 'Enoch Arden' at Frank- 
f ort-on-Main ; the following year a 
fairy comedy at Mayence. He lives in 
Berlin. 

ERDMANNSDOBPER, Max von 
(1848-1905): b. Nuremberg, d. Munich; 
court conductor at Sondershausen, con- 
ductor in Moscow, Bremen, Munich and 
St. Petersburg (Imp. Russian Mus. 
Soc.) ; court conductor and teacher at 
the Academy in Munich, 1897-98; com- 
poser of choral works, overture, piano 
pieces and songs. He married (2) 
Pauline Plchtner (Oprawill), pianist, 
teacher and composer. 

ERGO, Emil (1853- ) : b. Sel- 
seazeate; studied in Holland, Antwerp, 
and at the Conservatoire; has conducted 
male choruses; music teacher at Ixelles 
les Bruxelles ; writer of works on theory 
and contributor to musical publica- 
tions. 

ERHARD (or Erhardl), Laurentius 
(16th cent.): b. Hagenu, Alsace; cantor 
at Frankf ort-on-Main ; author of a 
chorale book and a Compendium Mn- 

ERK (1) Adam Wilhelin (1770- 
1820) : b. Herpf, near Meiningen; 
d. Darmstadt; organist in Wetzlar, 
Worms, Frankfort-on-Main and Darm- 
stadt; composer for organ and collector 
of school songs. (2) Ludwlg Chris- 
tian (1807-1883) : b. Wetzlar, d. Berlin; 
son of Adam (1) ; taught in Mors and in 
Berlin; director of chorus at the cathe- 
dral there and at the court chapel at 
St. Petersburg. Founder of choral so- 



133 



Erkel 

cicties; pub. important compilations of 
school songs and folk-songs, notably 
Deutscher Liederhost (1856, continued by 
F. M. Bohme, 1893-94, 4 vols.). Volks- 
klange {male chor.),etc. (3) Priedricli 
Albrecht (1809-1878): b. Wetzlar, d. 
Diisseldorf; associated "with his brother 
(2) in the production of school song 
books and compiler of 3 collections of 
songs. 

ISRKBl. (1) Franx (1810-1893) : b. 
Gyula, d. Pesth; conductor of Pesth na- 
tional theatre and of Hungarian male 
choral societies; composer of 9 Hun- 
garian operas and Hungarian folk 
songs. Ref.: HI. 190. (2) Julius 
(1842-1909): b. Pesth; son of Franz 
(1); teacher. (3) Alexander (1843- 
1900): b. Budapest, d. Bekes-Czabra ; 
composer of 4 operettas, operatic con- 
ductor and general musical director. 
(4) Ladislaiis (1844-1896) : music 
teacher in Pressburg. 

ERL.ANGBR (1) Jnlins (1830- ): 
b. Welssenburg, Alsace; composer. He 
studied at the Conservatoire, has "writ- 
ten for the piano; comp. a few operet- 
tas; lives in England. (2) Gustav 
(1842-1908) : b. Halle, d. Frankfort-on- 
Main; composer. He studied with 
Reinecke at Leipzig, and spent his life 
at Frankfort, where he wrote pieces for 
orchestra, choir and piano. (3) Camille 
(1863- ): b. Paris; composer. He 
studied at the Conservatoire under Ma- 
thias, Durand, Taudau and Bazille; 
received the Prix de Rome in 1888. He 
is the composer of orchestral "works, 
songs, operas, a Requiem and a sym- 
phonic poem. (4) Friedrlch. See 
(d']Ehla.ngek, Frederic. (5) Ludwiir: 
composer of a ballet, Der Teufel im 
Pensionat (Vienna, 1894), and an opera, 
Ritter Olaf (ib., 1901). (6) Viktor: 
composer of an operetta prod, in Vi- 
enna, 1901. 

[d'l ERLANGBR, Baron FrSderlc 
(nom de plume, FRioEEic Regnal) 
(1868- ): b. Paris; composer of 
operas; prod. Noel (Paris, 1912; Chi- 
cago, 1913) ; also wrote instr. music. 

ERIiEBACH, Fhlllpp Heinrlch 
(1657-1714): b. Esens. d. Rudolstadt; 
court conductor there, disciple of Lully. 
His compositions include religious and 
secular arias with accompaniments, or- 
chestral suites, cantatas, compositions 
for the organ, etc. 

KRLER, Hermann (1844- ) : b. 
Radeberg, near Dresden; founder of 
music publishing firm, editor of a Ber- 
lin music journal, and critic on Ber- 
liner Fremdenblatt. Clara, his daugh- 
ter, married Felix Senius; she was 
known as a concert soprano and her 
husband as a tenor. 

ERiVST (1) Franz Anton (1745- 
1805) : b. Georgenthal, Bohemia; d. 
Gotha; virtuoso on violin, court con- 
ductor at Gotha and composer of vio- 
lin concertos. He wrote for Allge- 
meine Masikalische Zeitung, 1805, 
iiber den Ban der Geige. (2) Heinrich 



134 



Escndler 

Wilhelm (1814-1865) : b. Brilnn, d. 
Nice ; violinist, trained under Bohm and 
May seder; composer of popular concert 
pieces and known through his frequent 
concert tours, especially in Paris. 
Ref.: I. 460; VH. 445. (3) Heinrlch 
(1846- ): b. Dresden; nephew of 
Heinrlch Wilhelm (2) ; studied at the 
Cons, of Budapest and with Rebling; 
tenor in the Berlin Royal Opera since 
1875. (4) Alfred (1860-1898) : b. Pi- 
rigueux, d. Paris; son of (2); con- 
tributor to Rivista Italiana and Revue 
encgclopidique; writer on the dramatic 
art of Berlioz and of Wagner. 

ERNST II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg- 
Gotha (1818-1893) : b. Coburg, d. Rein- 
hardsbrunn; composer of 5 operas, 2 
operettas, songs, cantatas, etc.; wrote 
an autobiography. 

ERRANI, Achllle (1823-1897): b. 
Italy, d. New York; pupil of Vaccai, 
singing teacher and tenor in New York. 

ERRERA, Hugo (1843- ) : b. 
Venice; composer of piano pieces and 
songs; member of the council of the 
Liceo Benedetto Marcello. 

ERTEL, Jean Paul (1865- ) : b. 
Posen; pianist, teacher of music, 
critic, editor, and composer. He stud- 
ied with Tailwitz, Brassln, and Liszt. 
He became Dr. jur. in Berlin, taught 
music there and contributed to various 
journals. He wrote a symphony, 6 
symphonic poems, a violin concerto 
chamber music, an opera, songs, etc. 

ERTMANN, Dorothea von (1778- 
1848): d. Milan, pianist; friend of 
Beethoven. 

ESCHENBACH, Wolfram von: 
Minnesinger. Ref.: IX. 281. 

ESCHENBVRG, Johann Joachim 
(1743-1820): 'translator of Italian and 
English librettos, also of various 
books on music, including those of 
Webbe and Bumey; author of Entwurf 
einer Theorie und Literatur der scbo- 
nen Redekiinste. 

ESCHMAIVIV (1) Johann Karl 
(1826-1882): b. Winterthur, d. Ziirich; 
"writer of text-books and exercises for 
piano. (2) Carl E.-Dumnr (1835- 
1913) : b. Wadenswil, near Zurich, d. 
Lausanne, teacher, author of a pianist's 
guide and technical work. 

ESCOBEDO, Bartolomeo (16th 
cent.) : b. Zamore, d. Segovia; singer 
in papal choir; arbitrator in discus- 
sion regarding the chromatic and en- 
harmonic mode; composer of motets, 
extant both in print and in manuscript. 

ESCRIBANO, Juan (16th cent.): 
Spanish composer of church music 
(motet and Magnificat preserved), for 
38 years singer in the Papal choir. 

ESCUDIER (1) Marie (1819-1890): 
brother and partner of (2) L^on 
(1821-1881) : both brothers were bom 
at Castelnaudary, Aude; both died in 
Paris. They were journalists, con- 
tributors to political newspapers, and 
editors of La France musicale, Le Pays, 
and biographical and musical diction- 



Eslava 

aiies. They founded a music fJrm 
and pub, works of Verdi, but parted 
in 1862. L^on retained tlie publishing 
house and published L'Art musical, 
while Marie continued La France 
musicale to 1870. 

BSIiAVA, Don Miguel Hllario 
(1807-1878) : b. Burlada, Navarre, d. 
Madrid; church conductor at Ossuna, 
Seville, and at the court of Queen Isa- 
bella; professor and director in Royal 
Conservatory; composed church music, 
3 operas, organ pieces, and wrote text- 
books; edited valuable collections. 

ESPAGNE, Franz (1828-1878) : b. 
Munster, Westphalia, d. Berlin; pupil 
of Dehn and his successor in the Royal 
Library in Berlin; director of music 
and editor of the complete works 
of Beethoven and Palestrina, also 
3 symphonies of Carl Philip Emanuel 
Bach. 

ESPINOSA. Jnan de (16th cent.) : 
Spanish composer of ballades, etc. ; 
■wrote a treatise on principles of 
musical practice and theory. 

ESPOSITO (1) Miehele (1855- ) : b. 
Castellamare, near Naples; professor 
of pianoforte at Royal Music Academy, 
Dublin, after study in Naples and 
Paris; founder of orchestral societies, 
chamber musician, composer of string 
quartets, 2 symphonies, orchestral suite, 
rhapsodies, fantasies, and 3 operas 
produced in St. Petersburg and Mos- 
cow. (2) E.t contemp. Russian operetta 
composer. Ref. : III. 155. 

ESSER (1) Helnrlcli (1818-1872): 
b. Mannheim, d. Salzburg; conductor 
of concerts in Mannheim and Salzburg 
and theatres at Mannheim, Vienna, and 
of the court opera there. His compo- 
sitions include works for orchestra and 
chorus, also 3 operas. (2) Cateau 
(1859- ) : b. Amsterdam; studied at 
Frankfort-on-Main and in Paris; di- 
rector of Vereenlging tot Beoefening van 
vocale en dramatiche Kunst. 

ESSIPOPF, Annette (1851-1914) : b. 
St. Petersburg; wife of Leschetizky, 
with whom she had studied; pianist in 
Russia, London, Paris, America, and 
Vienna, where she made her home. 

ESTE (Est, East, or Easte) (1) 
Thomas (ca. 1550-1609) : London music 
printer; pub. *The Whole Booke of 
Psalmes,' containing 4-part settings by 
various composers, also "works of Byrd, 
Morley and Weelkes. (2) Michael (d. 
Litchfield, ca. 1638) : composer of mad- 
rigals, pastorals, anthems, glees and 
Instrumental pieces. 

ESTERHAZY, Princes NIkolans 
and Anton: patrons of music. The 
former was friend as well as patron of 
Haydn. Ref.: H. 87, 88, 92; VI. 335; 
VII. 496; VIIL 95; IX. 119. 

ESTERL,EY, George (18th cent.): 
early American musical promoter. 
Ref.: IV. 75. 

ETT, Caspar (1788-1847): b. Ere- 
sing, near Landsberg, Bavaria; d. 
Munich; court organist at St. Michaels, 



X^vesham 

Munich; reformer and composer of 
Catholic church music; author of a 
singing method. Ref.: VI. 323. 

EUCLID (Euklides), the great Greek 
mathematician living at Alexandria ca. 
300 B. C, wrote a tract, Sectio canonis, 
reprinted by Pena (Paris, 1557), Mei- 
bom (1651) and recently by Karl von 
Jan (in Scrtptores). An Introductio 
harmonica has also been ascribed to 
him, but is probably by Kleoneides 
(q.v.), being based on the doctrine of 
Aristoxenos. 

EULBIVBURG (1) Ernst (1847-) : 
b. Berlin; founder of music publishing 
firm publishing since 1892 the Payne 
miniature score edition, etc. (2) 
PhiUpp, Count xa (1847- ) : b. 
Konigsberg; poet, composer of songs; 
German ambassador in Vienna. 

EULEiVSTEIN, Charles (1802-[?]) : 
b. Heilbronn, Wilrttemberg; virtuoso on 
Jew's harp and guitar. 

EULER, Leonhardt (1707-1783) : b. 
Bassel, d. St. Petersburg; theorist. He 
taught mathematics at St. Petersburg 
and at Berlin and wrote on the acous- 
tics of music in various treatises, in 
which he has introduced the use of 
logarithms to determine pitch. 

EUMOLPOS, Greek priest. Ref.: I. 
111. 

EURIPIDES, Greek dramatist. Ref. : 
I. 120. 

EUSEBIUS, Bishop of Cesffirea. Ref. : 
I. 139f. 

EUTERPE: the Greek muse of 
lyric poetry, especially the patron god- 
dess of flutists. 

EUTING, Ernst (1874- ) : b. 
London; pupil in Berlin of Royal High 
School and University; wrote essays 
on the history of 16th and 17th cent, 
wind instruments; founder of Deutsche 
Instramenten-Bau Zeitung. 

EVANS (1) Charles Smart (1778- 
1849): d. London; chorister in Chapel 
Royal, altlst and composer of glees, 
for which he received several prizes. 
He was also organist in St. Paul's. (2) 
David Emlyn (1843-1913) : b. near 
Newcastle Emlyn, Wales, d. London; 
editor of Gaelic journals, including 
Y Cerddor; pub. a 2 vol. collection of 
Gaelic Melodies. 

EVERARD, Camllle - Francois 

(1825-[?]): b. Dinante, Belgium; pupil 
at Li^ge, Paris, and Naples conserva- 
tories; basso cantante in Naples, Vi- 
enna, St. Petersburg, Madrid; profes- 
sor in Cons, of St. Petersburg and 
(1890) in Kieff. 

EVERS, Karl (1819-1875): b. Ham- 
burg, d. Vienna; pianist and composer. 
He studied under Schmitt and Krebs 
at Hamburg and in Leipzig under Men- 
delssohn; toured Europe, and lived in 
Paris and Vienna. His compositions 
include 4 piano sonatas and 12 'songs 
without words' characterizing different 
nationalities. 

EVESHAM, Monk of. See Oding- 

TON. 



135 



Eweijck 

EWEIJCK, Arthur Henry van 

(1866- ) : b. Milwaukee; baritone 
singer in concerts in Berlin, where he 
studied with Felix Schmidt. 

BWBR & Co. A music publishing 
firm, founded by John J. Ewer, which 
acquired the sole rights of many of 
Mendelssohn's compositions. After sev- 
eral changes of hands, it was bought 
in 1860 by Wm. Witt and incorporated 
with the Urm of IVovello & Co. and 
exists to-day as Novello, Ewer <& Co. 

BXIMBNO y PUJADER, Antonio 
(1729-1808): b. Valencia, d. Rome; 
Jesuit theoretician; author of Dell' 
ortgine e delle regole delta musica colla 
storia del suo progresso, decadenza e 
rinovcuionet which elicited a riposta of 
Padre Martini, combated in turn by E. 

EXPERT, Henri (1863- ): b. 
Bordeaux; studied with Nledermeyer, 
Franck and Gigout. He has taught at 
the 6cole Nationale de Musique Clas- 
sique, lectured at the ^cole des Hautes 
Etudes Soclales, and founded (with E. 
Maury) in 1903 the Soci^t^ d'fitudes 
Musicales et Concerts Historlques. His 
whole life has been devoted to a pro- 
digious production, an edition of the 
French and Flemish music of the IStli 



Eysler 

and 16th centuries. The collections 
have been divided into six classes: 
I. Les Mattres-Musiciens de la Renais- 
sance franfaise; II. Bibllographie thi- 
matifue; III. Les Thioriciens de la 
musique au temps de ta Renaissance; 
IV. Sources du corps de Vart franco- 
flamand de musique des XV et XVI" 
siecles; V. Commentaires ; VI. Extraits 
des Mattres-Musiciens. Besides these, he 
has published a Huguenot psalter, etc. 

EVBIiER, Joseph (1765-1846) : b. 
Schwechat, near Vienna; d. Schon- 
brunn, near Vienna; director and com- 
poser. He studied with Albrechtsber- 
ger, Haydn and Mozart; held positions 
in Vienna as choir director and Im- 
perial first Kapellmeister, and was dis- 
tinguished as a composer of church 
music, masses, offertories, etc. 

EYKEIV (or Eykens). See EijKEN, 

or ElJKENS. 

BYMIEU, Henri (1860- ): b. 
Saillons Dr6me, France; writer and 
critic in Paris; composed piano pieces; 
violin, 'cello or harmonium duets; an 
orchestral hymn, Un mariage sous 
Niron (prod, in Paris, 1898), and an 
oratorio (Asniferes, 1898). 

EYSLER. See Eisleb. 



136 



Fabep 

FABBR (1) Jacobns. See Le- 

FEBVBE. (2) NIkolaus (14th cent.) : 
founder of famous family of organ 
builders; priest in Halberstadt, where 
he constructed the first German organ. 
(3) [Magister] Helnrich ([?]-1552): 
b. Lichtenfels, d. olsnitz; wrote a 
Compeadiolum tnusicee and a 'Practical 
Introduction.' (4) Benedlkt (early 
17th cent.) : composer at Coburg of 
Psalms, cantiones. etc. 

PABIO. See Uesillo. 

FABRI (1) Stefano [« maggiorel 
(16th cent.) : conductor in Rome. (2) 
Stefano [il minore'\ (1606-1658) : con- 
ductor and composer. (3) Annlbale 
Flo [detto Balino] (1697-1760) : b. Bo- 
logna, d. Lisbon; studied with Pistoc- 
chi; tenor and composer; favored by 
Emperor Charles VI and other princes; 
sang in Handel's Tolomeo, in London, 
1729. 

FABRICnuS (1) of Aquapendente 
(16th cent.) : early investigator of vocal 
physiology. Be/.: V. 55f. (2) Werner 
(1633-1679): b. Itzehoe, Holstein; d. 
Leipzig, studied law, became advocate, 
but at the same time organist of St. 
Thomas', Leipzig, and musical director 
of St. Paul's; pub. Deliciae harmoniae 
(5-part partitas, 1657), sacred songs, 4- 
part arias, dialogue concertos (1662), 
etc., and a Manductio to thorough bass 
(1675) . (3) Johann Albert (1668-1736) : 
b. Leipzig, d. Hamburg; professor of 
elocution at Hamburg, author of three 
treatises valuable in musical history. 

FACCIO, Franca (1841-1891): b. 
Verona, d. Monza; studied at Milan 
Conservatory, to which he returned as 
professor of harmony in 1868. He 
ranks high among Italian operatic com- 
posers for the originality of his style; 
he conducted with success in Milan 
and London. Besides operas, he wrote 
a symphony, a cantata and two sets 
of songs. He was a friend, fellow- 
student and collaborator of Boito. 

FAELTEN, Carl (1846- ): b. 
Ilmenau; studied with Montag and 
Schock, and at Arnstadt; pianist and 
teacher in the Hoch Conservatory at 
Frankfort, at the Peabody Institute of 
Baltimore and the New England Con- 
servatory of Boston. In Boston he 
founded in 1897 the Faelten Piano- 
forte School for teachers, which he still 
directs. He has written pedagogical 
works (piano). Ref.: IV. 248. 

FACE. See Lafage. 

FAGGE, Arthur I contemporary Eng- 
lish conductor. Ref.: lU. 422. 



Falcon 

FAGO, Nicolo (1674-1740): b. Ta- 
rento, d. Naples; composer of ora- 
torios, cantatas, operas and masses. 
He was called, after his birthplace, 
tl Tarentino. He studied with Scarlatti 
and Provenzale, whom he succeeded 
at the Cons, de' Turchini. He taught, 
among others, Leonardo Leo and Jom- 
melli. 

FAHRBACH (1) Josef (1804-1883) : 
b. Vienna, d. there; performer on flute 
and guitar and composer of concert! 
for flute. (2) Pbllipp, Sr. (1815-1885) : 
b. Vienna, d. there; director and com- 
poser of dance music and two operas. 

(3) Wllhelm (1838-1866) : b. Vienna, 
d. there; composer of dance music. 

(4) Phlllpp, Jr. (1840-1894): b. Vi- 
enna, d. there; composer of dance mu- 
sic and bandmaster. 

FXHRIHANIV, Ernst Hans (I860-) : 
b. Beicha; cantor and organist in Dres- 
den, where he taught the organ at the 
Cons, and composed organ-concerti, so- 
natas, etc. Ref.: VI. 487. 

FAIGNIBNT, Noe (ca. 1570 in Ant- 
werp) : composer in Lasso's style; wrote 
arias, motets, madrigals, etc. 

FAIRCHILD, Blair (1877- ) : b. 
Belmont, Mass. ; composer living in 
New York and Paris; wrote orchestral 
sketches, chamber music, choral works 
(with orchestra and a cappella't and 
songs. Ref.: IV. 432f ; mus. ex.,xrV. 307. 

FAIRFAX. See Faybfax. 

FAIRLAMB, J. Remington (1837- 
1908): b. Philadelphia, d. New York; 
after studying in Paris and Florence 
he returned to America as organist in 
Philadelphia and New York. 

FAISST (1) Immannel Gottlob 
Friedrlcb (1823-1894) : b. Essllgen, 
Wilrttemberg, d. Stuttgart; abandoned 
theology for music, in "which he was 
self-educated; toured as organ virtuoso, 
1846; in Stuttgart founded the Society 
for Classical Church Music, 1849, and 
with Lebert, the Cons., where he 
taught organ and in 1859 became di- 
rector, also acting as organist at the 
Stiftskirche. He composed organ pieces, 
songs, part-songs, male choruses, 
motets, cantatas, etc., and edited, 
with Lebert and Biilow, Cotta's issue 
of piano classics; wrote Elementar- 
und Chorgesangschule (2 i)arts) and a 
historical essay on the piano sonata. 
His harmony method was perpetu- 
ated by Percy Goetschlus. Ref.: VI. 
463. (2) Klara. See Addenda. 

PAIiCOJV, marie Corn6Iie (1812- 
1897): b. Paris, d. there; studied at 



137 



Faldts 

the Conservatoire; operatic soprano; 
debut, 1832, at the Op^ra; created roles 
of Mrs. Ankerstroem in Gustave 111, 
Morgiana In Ali Baba, Rachel in La 
Juive, Valentine in Les Huguenots, and 
others. 

PALDIX, Guide: studied in Son- 
dershausen, Charlottenburg, Berlin 
Univ., Rostock and Heidelberg; di- 
rector at Rostock Cons, and wrote on 
aesthetic effect of intervals, etc. 

FALK-MEHLIG, Anna (1846- ) : 
b. Stuttgart; studied at the Cons, there, 
then with Liszt; pianist in concert 
tours in Germany, England and Amer- 
ica; then settled at the Wilrttemberg 
court. 

FALKEiNBBRG, Georges (1854-) : 
b. Paris; studied there with Mathias, 
Durand and Massenet; teacher and com- 
poser for pianoforte, author of a trea- 
tise on piano pedals. 

PAIiKENFLETH, Haagen. He/.; 
(quoted on Jorgen-Jensen) X. 165. 

FAL,!,, Leo (1873- ) : b. Olmiitz, 
studied at "Vienna Cons., conductor at 
theatres of Berlin, Hamburg and Co- 
logne; now in Vienna as composer of 
popular operettas (11 prod., Vienna, 
Berlin, London, etc., to 1914), includ- 
ing 'The Dollar Princess' (1907), 'Eter- 
nal Waltz' (1912), etc.; also prod. 2 op- 
eras, Frau Denise (1902) and Irrlicht. 

FALLER, Nikola (1862- ) : b. 
Ivanowetz, Croatia; studied with Bruck- 
ner, Massenet and Delibes; taught at 
Agram Cons., opera director, composer. 

FALTIN, Richard Frledrlcli 
(1835- ): b. Danzig; studied there 
with MarkuU, at Dessau and at Leip- 
zig Cons.; since 1869 conductor of op- 
era and symphony concerts at Helsing- 
fors, Finland, organ professor at the 
Cons., pub. songs, choruses, chorale 
books, etc. 

PAl,TIS, Emanuel (1847-1900) : b. 
Lanzow, Bohemia; d. Breslau; con- 
ductor of municipal theatres of Ulm, 
Stettin, Riga, Liibeck, Basel and 
Bremen ; court conductor for 14 years 
at Coburg, for which he composed 
masses and church music. He died 
blind. 

PAMINZIBT, Alexandrovltch Scr- 
gievltch (1841-1896): b. Kaluga, Rus- 
sia, d. LIgovo, near St. Petersburg; 
studied in the University of St. Peters- 
burg and with Hauptmann, Rlchter and 
Moscheles in Leipzig; professor for two 
years at the Conservatory of St. Peters- 
burg; secretary of the Russian Musical 
Society; composed 2 unsuccessful op- 
eras, instrumental music. Including a 
'Russian Rhapsody' for violin and or- 
chestra. He wrote 'Songs for Russian 
Children' and published research work 
on Russian folk-songs, instruments, 

FANCIUIilil, Francesco (1853- 
1915): b. Porto San Stefano, Tuscany, 
d. New York; studied music in Flor- 
ence; operatic conductor in Italy; suc- 
ceeded Sousa as conductor of the Ma- 



138 



Farinelli 

rine Band, Washington, 1893; composed 
2 grand operas and 2 comic operas. 

FANEL.I-I, Ernest (1861- ) : vio- 
linist in cafes and dance halls, whose 
Tableaux Symplioniques, written in 
1886, and based on Gautier's 'Romance 
of a Mummy,' was produced by the 
Colonne orchestra with great success 
in 1912. It was shown by F. only in 
order to obtain work as a copyist. 
Ref.: m. 361. 

PAJTIIVG, Eaton (1850- ): b. 
Helston, Cornwall; studied at the Royal 
Academy of Music, where he received 
medals, scholarship and prizes ; pro- 
fessor there, and at the National Train- 
ing School ; performer on 'cello and 
drums; director of music at Harrow, 
conductor of choral classes at the Royal 
College of Music, of clubs and of the 
Madrigal Society. He composed 2 op- 
erettas, 2 quartets, a symphony, an 
overture, church services and orches- 
tral works. 

PARABI. See Alfarabi. 
FARINA, Carlo (early 17th cent.): 
b. Mantua; Electoral chamber musician 
at Dresden, 1625, later in Danzig and 
Italy; one of the first to write violin 
music in virtuoso style ; pub. 5 , 
books 2 part Pavane, Gagliarde, 
Brandt, Mascherate, Arte francesi. 
Volte, Balletti, Senate e Canzoni 
(1626-28). Ref.: VII. 382, 467 (foot- 
note). 

FARIIVEL.LI (1) Jean Baptlste 
(1655-ca. 1720) : b. Grenoble; uncle of 
the celebrated male soprano (2) ; con- 
cert-master in Hanover, 1680, player in 
orchestras at Osnabruck and Hanover, 
ennobled by the King of Denmark; app. 
minister resident to Venice by George I. 
of England (1740). Composed flute 
concertos and stage music; falsely said 
to be ■ the author of the Folies 
d'Espagne, known in England as 'Fari- 
nelli's Ground.' His brother George 
was also a violinist and played in Lis- 
bon, Paris, and London. (2) (real 
name Carlo Broschi) (1705-1782): b. 
Naples, d. Bologna; male soprano; 
studied with Porpora, and later with 
his rival, Bernacchi; sang in Rome, 
Venice, Vienna, Naples, Bologna and 
other cities in Italy; in 1734, he ap- 
peared in London at the opera which 
rivalled Handel's. He took London by 
storm and was the hero of opera there 
for two years, when he left for France 
and Spain. In Spain he was the fa- 
vorite of Philip and of Ferdinand VI 
and established an Italian opera in 
Madrid with himself as manager. In 
1759, upon the accession of Charles III, 
Farinelli was ordered to leave Spain 
for Bologna, and there he retired. He 
ranked as greatest of the 18th century 
singers, with depth and richness of 
tone, and an inimitable originality of 
embellishment. Ref.: I. 398, 430f; II. 
4, 185; V. 444; portrait, V. 44. (3) 
Giuseppe (1769-1836) : b. Este, d. 
Trieste; studied with Fago, Sala and 



Farjeon 

Tritto at a Neapolitan conservatory; 
maestro di cappella In Venice, Turin 
and Trieste; composed church music 
and operas in the style of Cimarosa. 

FARJEON, Harry (1878- ) : b. 
Hoholius, N. J.; studied (1895-1901) at 
the Royal Academy of Music, London; 
and In 1903 became professor of theory 
there; his compositions include cham- 
ber music, piano concerto, orchestral 
suite, string quartets, songs, piano 
pieces, etc., also 2 operettas. 

FARKAS, Odiiii (Bdward) (1852- ) : 
b. in Puszta-Monostor, Hungary; he 
abandoned his course as civil engi- 
neer to study music at Pesth, and 
the year after graduation became di- 
rector of the Klausenburg Cons., Tran- 
sylvania. He has composed and suc- 
cessfully prod. 4 operas, and has 
written songs, ballads, orchestral 
works, a symphony, string-quartets, 
overtures, etc. Ref.: III. 200. 

FARMER (1) John (late 16th-early 
17th cent.) : cathedral organist in Lon- 
don and Dublin, composed a book of 
4-part madrigals (1599), contributed a 
6-part madrigal to 'The Triumphs of 
Oriana* and many tunes to Este*s 
"Whole Booke of Psalmes.* Previous 
to his life in London, Farmer was 
cathedral organist in Dublin. (2) 
Thomas (d. before 1695) : English com- 
poser of instrumental music and songs, 
also of books of exercises; an elegy 
with words by Tate and music by 
Purcell was written upon his death. 
(3) Henry (1819-1891) : b. Nottingham, 
Eng., d. there; violinist, organist, and 
composer. Ref.: VI. 346. (4) John 
(1836-1901): b. Nottingham, d. Ox- 
ford; studied at the Leipzig Con- 
servatory and with Spath at Saxe-Co- 
burg; teacher at Ziiricn and at Harrow; 
organist at Balliol College, where he 
founded a musical society and popu- 
lar concerts. His compositions are 
part-songs, glees, etc., a requiem, an 
oratorio, a fairy opera, orchestral pieces 
and choruses. He edited school books 
of hymns, glees, inarches, and school 
songs. 

FARNABY (1) Giles (16th cent.): 
Mus. Bac. Oxon.; London composer of 
canzonets, madrigals, virginals, etc., 
contributor to books of Este and Ra- 
venscroft. (2) Richard: son of Giles; 
composed virginals preserved in the 
Fitzwilliam Virginal Book. 

FARNSWORTH, Charles Hubert 
(1859- ): b. Cesaria, Turkey; stud- 
ied organ with B. D. Allen at Worces- 
ter, Mass.; head of music department, 
Colorado Univ., 1888-1900; associate 
professor, Columbia Univ., since 1900; 
pub. 'Education Through Music' and 
various other educational books and 
articles on music. 

FARRANT (1) Richard (1530-1580) ; 
Gentleman of the Chapel Royal and 
Master of the Children at Windsor; 
composed a church service, anthems, 
etc. (2) John (early 17th cent.) : Eng- 

139 



Fasch 

llsh organist at Ely, Hereford, Salis- 
bury cathedral and London; composed 
church music for organ. (3) Dan- 
iel (early 17th cent.) : son of Ricliard, 
violist in the King's band, composer 
for organ and arranger of lessons for 
the viol. 

FARRAR, Geraldine (1882- ) : b. 
Melrose, Mass.; studied with Lorenz, 
Trabadeilo and Lehmann; debut, as 
Marguerite in the Berlin Royal Opera; 
has sung there, throughout Europe, and 
at the Metropolitan Opera House, New 
York, in roles including Mme. Butter- 
fly, Manon, Mignon, Elizabeth, Tosca, 
Carmen, and others. She created the 
Goosegirl in the Konigskinder of Hump- 
erdinck. Ref.: TV. 151, 155; IX. 427; 
portrait, rV. 144. 

PARRENC (1) [Jacques Hippolyte] 
Arlstlde (1794-1865) : b. Marseilles, d. 
Paris ; flutist ; composer for flute, etc., 
music historian who assisted Fetis ; 
wrote Les concerts historiques de M^ 
Fetis; pub. Trisor des piantstes (1861- 
72), a selection of piano music from 
the 16th cent, to Mendelssohn, with his- 
torical notes by F. and F^tis (20 vols.). 
(2) liOnise, nee Dumont (1804-1875) : b. 
Paris, d. there; wife of (1); studied 
with Reicha ; concert pianist, touring 
with her husband, pianoforte profes- 
sor for thirty years at the Conserva- 
toire. She composed pianoforte so- 
natas, etudes, chamber music, sympho- 
nies and overtures. She continued her 
husband's Trisor des piantstes and 
wrote a treatise on agrimens. Ref. : VII. 
53. 

FARWELIi, Arthur (1872- ) : b. 
St. Paul, Minn.; studied with H. A. 
Norris in Boston and with Humper- 
dlnck; from 1901-1912 he conducted the 
Wa-Wan Press publication of American 
compositions; since then he has inter- 
ested himself in the growth of munici- 
pal music in parks, docks, etc., in 
New York City; director Music School 
Settlement there, since 1915. Among 
his works are orchestral pieces on 
Indian themes, the 'Cornell' overture, 
'Love Song' and the music for several 
pageants, also harmonizations of In- 
dian and Negro melodies; dept. editor 
'The Art of Music'. Ref. : IV. 226f, 310, 
410ff; 273ir; mus. ex., XIV. 282. 

FASCH (1) Johann Prledrlch: 
b. Buttelstedt near Weimar, d. Zerbst; 
alumnus of the Thomasschule, Leipzig, 
under Kuhnau, 1701, entered the Univ. 
1707 and established a Collegium mu- 
sicum, for which he composed French 
overtures in the manner of Telemann. 
He prod. 3 operas in Naumburg and 
Zeitz (1710-12), studied composition in 
Darmstadt and in 1714 prod, an opera 
in Bayreuth; became conductor and 
composer to Count Morzin, and in 1722 
court Kapellmeister in Zerbst. Of F.'s 
compositions, which stamp him as one 
of the most important of Bach's con- 
temporaries, none was printed. They 
include 7 annual series of church can- 



Fasolo 

tatas, 12 masses, 69 overtures, 21 con- 
certos, overtures (orch. suites), trio so- 
natas, quatuors, etc. (some pub. by 
Riemann). Re/.: II. 7, 8, 52, 56; VIII. 
138. (2) Carl FrIedricU Christian 
(1736-1800): b. Zerbst, d. Bertin; son 
of (1) ; became 2nd. cembalist (with 
C. P. E. Bach) to Frederick the Great, 
1756, was for a time conductor of the 
Royal Opera, then taught. He founded 
and conducted tlie Berlin Singakademie, 
and so revived the cultivation of choral 
singing in Germany. Most of his com- 
positions were destroyed by his order; 
a 16-part mass was pub. in 1839. 

FASOIiO, G. B. (17th cent.) : Italian 
composer of canzoni. Ref.: V. 160. 

FAUGUES, Vincent (15th cent.): 
Netherland composer, of . whose works 
only 5 masses are preserved (Papal 
Chapel and Modena). 

FAURfi, Gabriel [Urliain] (1845- ) : 
b. Pamiers; studied with Niedermey- 
er, Dietsch and Saint-Saens; organ- 
ist at Rennes and in Paris churches; 
after participating in the Franco-Ger- 
man war taught at the Niedermeyer 
School, and in 1877 became conductor 
at the Madeleine; succeeded Massenet 
as professor of composition at the 
Conservatoire, 1896, and Dubois as di- 
rector, 1905, and academician. He 
composed many songs, duets, piano 
pieces, sonata Berceuse, Andante for 
violin and piano, elegy, romance, sere- 
nade, etc., for 'cello and piano, 2 piano 
quartets, a piano quintet, a violin con- 
certo, a ballade for piano and orch., 
2 orch. suites, symphony in D (MS.), 
choral works with orch.. Requiem, and 
other church music, also 2 operas 
('Prometheus,' 1900, and 'Penelope,' 
1913) and an operetta L'organtste. 
Ref.: III. 29Mf; songs, V. 349ff; piano 
music, VII. 352f; opera, IX. 475; mus. 
ex., Xrv. 87; portrait, V. 346. See also 
individual indexes. 

FACRB, Jean Baptlste (1830- 
1914): b. Moulins, d. Paris; studied at 
the Conservatoire and with Trevaux at 
the Madeleine; first baritone at the 
Op^ra-Comique, where he created roles 
in operas of Grisar, Auber and Meyer- 
beer. He sang in opera in London, 
Brussels, Berlin and Vienna, w^here he 
was created imperial chamber singer. 
Faur6 was a good actor as well as 
singer; his wife, Mile. Lefebre, whom 
he married 1859, was a member of the 
Op^ra Comique. In 1857 he taught at 
the Conservatoire. He published 2 
books of songs and in 1888 a Traifi. 

FAXJST, Karl (1825-1892) : b. Neisse, 
Silesia, d. Bad Cudowa; bandmaster at 
Luxemburg, Frankfort-on-Oder, Bres- 
lau; conductor of orchestra at the 
Silesian Concerts and director of mu- 
sic at Waldenburg. He wrote marches 
and dance tunes. 

FAUSTINA. See Hasse, Faustina. 

FAVART (1) Cbarles Simon (1710- 
1792) : b. Paris, wrote texts of about 
150 operettas produced at the Salle 



Felstln 

Favart, Paris; author of Mimoires et 
correspondences litt^raires (3 vols., 
1808). Ref.: II. 24, 31; IX. 42, 70, 81. 
(2) Marie Justine Duronceray (1727- 
1772): b. Avignon; said to have col- 
laborated with her husband (1) on his 
operettas, in the leading roles of 
which she excelled as actress and 
singer. 

FAWCETT (1) John (1789-1867) : 
b. Wennington, Lancashire, d. Bolton; 
abandoned the trade of a shoemaker 
for the musical profession and com- 
posed church music, still locally popu- 
lar, an oratorio, published 3 col- 
lections of psalms and hymn tunes, 
etc. (2) John, son of (1) (ca. 1824- 
1857) : b. Bolton, d. Manchester; organ- 
ist at Farn worth and Bolton; studied 
with S. Bennett at the London Royal 
Academy; Mus. B., Oxford; composed 
a cantata and other music. 

FAY (1) Amy (1844- ) : b. Bayou 
Goula, Miss. ; studied with Taussig, 
Kullak and Liszt; pianist and teacher 
at Chicago and New York; published 
Music Study in Germany (1881). (2) 
C, N. (19th cent.) : Amer. musical pa- 
tron; instrumental in establishing Chi- 
cago Orchestra, 1890. Ref.: IV. 191. 

FAY, Guillaume dc. See Dufay. 

FAYOIiliE, Francois Joseph Marie 
(1774-1852): b. Paris, d. there; pub. 
with Choron, a Dictionnaire historique 
des musiciens (2 vols., 1810-11), also 
Notices sur Corelli, Tartini, etc. (1810), 
Sur les drames lyriques, etc. (1813), 
Paganlnl et Beriot (1830). 

FAYRPAX, Robert (ca. 1470-1521): 
organist at St. Albans' Abbey, Mus. 
D., Cambridge, 1502; Gentleman of the 
Chapel in the reign of Henry VIII, and 
attendant upon the Field of the Cloth 
of Gold; composed masses, magnificats 
and songs and was accounted first 
among English composers of his day. 

FECHNER, Gnstav Theodor (1801- 
1887) : b. Gross-Sarchen, d. Leipzig; 
professor and writer on physics; wrote 
also on sound and aesthetics. 

FEDERICI, VIncenzo (1764-1827): 
b. Pesaro, d. Milan; professor of coun- 
terpoint and censor at Milan Conserva- 
tory; composed 14 serious operas, one 
comic, produced in Italy and Paris. 
He wrote also several cantatas. Ref. : DC. 
133 

FEDERIiEIN, G. H. (1835- ) : b. 

Neustadt-an-der-Aisch, near Niimberg ; 
studied at the Conservatory at Munich; 
settled in New York, to teach and 
write. Ref.: VI. 501. 

FEINHA1,S, Fritz (1869- ): b. 
Cologne; pupil of Giovanni and Selva; 
sang in Essen and Mayence and from 
1898 as heroic baritone at the Munich 
court opera. 

FEIiSTED, Samuel: 18th cent, com- 
poser of oratorio. Ref.: IV. 61. 

FEIiSTIN (or Felstinensis), Sebas- 
tian von (16th cent.) : b. Felsstyn, Ga- 
licia; student and later professor at 
the Cracow University; writer on Gre- 



140 



Felton 

gorian chant and mensural music; com- 
posed hymns. 

FELTOJV, [Rev.] William (1713- 
1769): b. Cambridge; composer for 
harpsichord, on which he "was a dis- 
tinguished performer. 

FEIiTRE, Alphonse Clarke, Comte 
de (1806-1850): b. "Paris, d. there; oper- 
atic composer. 

FENAROLI, Fedele (1730-1818) : b. 
Lanciano, Abruzzi, d. Naples; studied 
with Durante at Naples, wliere he later 
taught Cimarosa and other distinguished 
composers; composed church music of 
simple character and a method for 
thoroughbass (1775, many editions). 

FENELIi (or Pflnell): d. 1709, Dub- 
lin; organist at St. Patrick's, Dublin; 
organist at Christ Church Cathedral; 
manuscript compositions still extant in 
the Chester Cathedral Library. 

FENTOBf, liavlnia: d. Greenwich 
1760; singer and actress on London 
stage; created the part of Polly in the 
'Beggar's Opera'; afterward became the 
Duchess of Bolton. Ref.: IX. 78. 

FEO, Francesco (ca. 1685-post 
1740): b. Naples; famous opera com- 
poser of the Neapolitan school. He 
studied with Ghizzi, whom he suc- 
ceeded. In 1740, as teacher at the Naples 
Cons, della Pieta. He produced his 
first opera, L'Amor tirannico, ossia 
Zenobia, at Naples, 1713, and 5 others 
to 1731. Feo also wrote 3 intermezzi, 
an oratorio, masses, and other church- 
music. Ref.: I. 400f ; II. 6, 8, 11; IX. 21. 

PERAGUT, Beltrame (early 15th 
cent.) : French and possibly Provencal 
composer, 12 pieces from whom have 
been preserved and are to be found m 
Bologna and Oxford. 

FERDINAND III, Emperor of Ger- 
many (1637-1657): patron of Italian 
opera in Vienna; himself a composer 
whose works were preserved and pub- 
lished in 1892 by Adler. Ref.: VI. 
431. 

FERIilNG (1) Franz -WHlielni 
(1796-1874) : b. Halberstadt, d. Bruns- 
wick; court oboist and composer of 
etudes and concertos for the oboe. (2) 
Gnstav (1835-1914): b. Brunswick; 1st 
oboist in the Stuttgart court orchestra; 
teacher of pianoforte at the Conserva- 
tory there. (3) Robert (1843-1881) : b. 
Brunswick, d. St. Petersburg; member 
of the Stuttgart orchestra; Russian im- 
perial chamber musician. 

FERNANDEZ, Antonio (early 17th 
cent.) : b. Souzel, Portugal, d. Lisbon 
(?); church conductor at Lisbon, where 
he published a theoretical work, 162B. 

FERNANDEZ-OABALLERO, Man- 
uel (1835-1906): b. Murcia, d. Madrid; 
studied at Madrid Conservatory and be- 
came popular as writer of Spanish op- 
erettas, or zarzuelas, producing about 
220 in 50 years. Besides these, he 
wrote some church music. 

FERRABOSCO (1) Domenlco (16th 
cent.) : church conductor in Bologna, 
singer in Papal choir, composer of 



Ferrari 

madrigals and motets. (2) Alfonso 
(ca. 1525-1589): b. Bologna, d. Turin; 
son of Domenlco, musician in the 
courts of Queen Elizabeth and later of 
tlie Duke of Savoy; friend of Byrd and 
composer of madrigals preserved In 
collections by Young, Phalfese, Morley 
and Clifford. Ref.: X. 84. (3) Al- 
fonso, son of (2) (ca. 1575-1628): b. 
Greenwich; teacher of music to Prince 
of Wales, 1605 ; wrote *Ayres' and 
Lezione per viola. (4) Alfonso and 

(5) Henry; sons of (3) ; musicians at 
the English court. (6) Constantino: 
musician and composer at the Vien- 
nese court at the end of the 16th cent. 
(7) John (d. 1682): organist at the 
Cathedral of Ely. 

FERRARI (1) Benedetto (1597- 
1681) : b. Reggio, d. Modena; studied in 
Rome and acquired a reputation as vir- 
tuoso on theorbo; operatic librettist in 
Venice, where Manelli and Monteverdi 
wrote the settings; of his opera, 
Armida, he wrote both text and music. 
He was a member of the band of the 
Modena court, in the service of Ferdi- 
nand in Vienna, and maestro di cap- 
pella at the Modena court. He is dis- 
tinguished by Burney as the originator 
of the term 'cantata,' used in his Mu- 
slche varie a voce sola. Ref.: IX. 12, 
59. (2) Carlo (1730-1789) : b. Placenza, 
d. Parma; brother of Domenlco; 'cellist, 
member of the Parma court band; the 
first to Introduce into Italy the use of 
the thumb in 'cello fingering. Ref.: 
VII. 591. (3) Domenlco (d. 1780): b. 
Piacenza, d. Paris; virtuoso on violin; 
studied with Tartlnl and at Cremona; 
received with applause in Vienna and 
Paris; published sonatas for violin and 
bass, and trio sonatas. Ref.: VIH. 404. 
(4) Jacopo Gotitredo (1759-1842) : 
b. Roveredo, South Tyrol, d. Lon- 
don; studied in a monastery near 
Chur, also with Latilla and Campan, 
who took him to Paris as conductor 
and royal accompanist. During the 
revolution he taught music in London. 
Besides 5 operas, 2 ballets and an ora- 
torio, he wrote pieces for piano, for 
harp and flute, and published a 
'Treatise of Singing' and a work on 
the practice and theory of music. (5) 
Franclsca (ca. 1800-1828) : b. Chris- 
tiana, d. Gross-Salzbrunn ; harpist. 

(6) Serafino Amadeo de' (1824- 
1885) : b. Genoa, d. there as dlr. of the 
Cons., opera composer. (7) Car- 
lotta (1837-1907): b. Lodi, d. Bo- 
logna; studied at Milan Conservatory, 
composed operas, a Requiem and Ital- 
ian songs. (8) Euiillo: b. 1851; 
composer of 4 operas and an operetta 
produced in Milan. (9) Gabrlella 
(1851- ): b. Italy; studied with 
Leborne, Ketten, Gounod and Duprato; 
pianist and composer of 3 operas pro- 
duced at Monte Carlo and Paris; she 
wrote also orchestral suites and songs. 
(10) Gustave (1872- ): b. Geneva; 
pupil of the Cons, there, and of 



141 



!Ferrari-Fontana 

Gigouf, Paris; composer of music for 
IiTing's 'Hamlet' (1905), Rousseau can- 
tata, Almanach aux, images, for 
women's chorus and soli, 5 song cycle, 
Llvre pour toi, and organ pieces. He 
has travelled for some years with 
Yvette Guilbert "whose collection of 
French folk-songs he arranged. 

FEIRRARI-FOIVTAIVA, Bdoardo 
(1878- ): b. Rome; debut as tenor 
at Turin, 1910; sang Wagner roles in 
Italy, and at the Metropolitan Opera 
House, New York; engaged for the Bos- 
ton Opera Company, 1913-14; married 
Margarete Matzenauer, 1912. 

FBRRARI-TRECATB, Lulgl 
(1884- ) : Italian composer of the 
operas, II piccolo montanaro (1904), 
Galvina (1904), and Fiorella (1904). 

FERRATA, Giuseppe (1866- ) : 
b. Gradoli, Romagna, studied with 
Sgambatl at the Liceo of the Academy 
of St. Cecilia, Rome, also with Liszt; 
pianist and teacher, for some time in 
New York, then in Ne'w Orleans, com- 
poser of a number of piano pieces and 
etudes, a string quartet, pieces for 
piano and violin, also a small festival 
mass, a mass for men's chorus and 
organ, choral songs and songs. Ref.: 
m. 397, 398. 

PBRREIIV: anatomist. Ref.: V. 56. 

FERREIRA DA COSTA, Roderlgo 
(1776-1825): b. Setubal, d. Lisbon; 
studied law and mathematics, was a 
member of the Lisbon Academy and 
wrote a valuable book of theory, en- 
titled Principios de musica. 

FERRETTI (1) Giovanni (16th 
cent.) : Venetian composer of canzoni 
and madrigals. (2) Don Paolo (19th 
cent.): b. Subiaco; abbot of the Rene- 
dictine monastery San Giovanni at 
Parma; member of the executive com- 
mittee of the Italian St. Cecilia So- 
ciety; pub. valuable works on rhyth- 
mic treatment of Gregorian Chant, 
Principi teorici e pratici de Canto 
Gregoriano (1906) and II Cursus me- 
trico e il Ritmo delle melodic del Canto 
Gregoriano. 

FERRETTO, Andrea! contemporary 
Italian operatic composer; produced the 
operas L'amor d'un angelo (Vicenza, 
1893), ; Zingari (Modena, 1900), Iditlio 
tragico (Venice, 1906), La Violinata 
(Vicenza, 1908, rev., 3 acts, Venice, 
1913), Fantasma (Vicenza, 1908). 

FERRI (1) Baldassare (1610-1680) : 
b. Perugia, d. there; chorister at Orvi- 
eto, sang at the courts of Warsaw and 
Vienna; a male soprano whose virtu- 
osity has hardly been excelled. (2) 
IVlcola (1831-1886) : b. Mola dl Bari, 
Italy, d. London; Neapolitan singing 
teacher and dramatic composer. 

FERRIER, Fanl-RaouI-9IIclieI-M. 
(1843- ): b. Montpelier; Parisian 
composer of light opera. 

FBRRON, Adolf (1855- ) : thea- 
tre conductor in Berlin and Vienna, 
composer of 2 operettas. 

FERRONI, Vincenzo Bmidio Car' 



142 



Fetis 

mine (1858- ): b. Tramutola; stud- 
ied at the Conservatoire with Savard 
and Massenet; from 1881-88 assistant 
prof, there, then professor at Milan 
Cons., when he also directed the Famig- 
lia Artistica. In 1897 he was made 
Chevalier of the Italian Crown. He 
wrote an orchestral overture and rhap- 
sody, songs and salon pieces, music for 
organ, violin and harp; 2 operas, etc. 

FERTfi. See Papillon de la Ferte. 

FESCA (1) Priedrlch Ernst (1789- 
1826): b. Magdeburg, d. Carlsrulie; 
studied in Magdeburg and Leipzig; con- 
cert violinist in Magdeburg, member of 
the Gewandhaus orchestra, soloist in 
the Oldenburg court Kapelle, at the 
court in Cassel, 1st violinist and con- 
cert conductor at Carlsruhe. Besides 
quartets, quintets and other chamber 
music, Fesca wrote 2 operas, 4 over- 
tures and 3 symphonies. (2) Alexan- 
der Ernst (1820-1849) : son of Fried- 
rich, b. Carlsruhe, d. Brunswick; con- 
cert pianist; composed and produced 4 
operas, and wrote many songs which 
still retain their popularity. 

FESCH, Wlllem de. See De Fesch, 

WiLLEM. 

PESSL,ER, Eduard (1841- ): b. 
Neuberg, Bavaria; studied with Hauser, 
Munich ; operatic baritone. 

FESTA (1) Constanzo (ca. 1490- 
1545) : b. Rome, d. there; sang in the 
papal chapel, wrote madrigals, motets, 
a Te Deum, Credo, litanies, and Mag- 
nificat. He was the first noteworthy 
Italian composer in "the 'imitative' mo- 
tet style, also one of the first madrigal 
writers. Ref.: I. 273ff, 303f; VL 72. (2) 
Giu.seppe Maria (1771-1839) : b. Trani, 
Naples, d. Naples; conductor of Nea- 
politan theatre and to the court; vir- 
tuoso on violin there and in Pans; he 
wrote music for his instrument. (3) 
Francesca, sister of (2) (1778-1836) : 
b. Naples, d. St. Petersburg; studied 
with Aprile; sang in Italy, Paris and 
St. Petersburg. 

FESTING, Michael Christian 
(1680[?]-1752): b. London, d. there; 
violinist at the English court, con- 
ductor and founder of a music society 
in London; composer for violin, also 
of odes and cantatas. 

FfiTIS (1) Frangols-Joseph (1784- 
1871): b. Mons, Belgium, d. Brussels; 
musical theorist, historian and critic. 
At 7 he wrote violin-duets; in his ninth 
year he composed a concerto for violin 
with orch. ; and at 9 was organist to 
the Noble Chapter of Sainte-Waudru. 
He studied at the Paris Conservatory 
under Rey, Boieldieu and Pradher. 
His first important theoretico-literary 
work (never completed) was an in- 
vestigation of Guido d'Arezzo's system 
and of the history of notation. In 
1806 he commenced the revision of 
the plain-song and entire ritual of the 
Roman Church, completed after 30 
years, and not yet pub. In 1811 he re- 
tired to the Ardennes, where he devoted 



Fetls 

himself to composition and philosoph- 
ical researches into the theory of har- 
mony. In 1813 he became organist of 
the collegiate church of St.-Pierre at 
Douai, and teacher of harmony and 
singing in the municipal music-school. 
From this period date La science de 
I'organiste and the Methods elimen- 
taire d'harmonie et d'accompagnement 
(1824). In 1818 he went to Paris where 
he published some piano music, and 
brought out several successful operas. 
He became prof, of composition at 
the Conservatoire, and in 1824 his 
Traite du contrepoint et de la fugue 
was published as a Cons, text-book. In 
1827 he became librarian of the Con- 
servatoire and founded La Revue mu- 
sicale, which he edited alone until 1832 
(its publication ceased in 1835). He 
also wrote for Le National and Le 
Temps. In 1828 he competed for the 
prize of the Netherlands Royal Insti- 
tute with a memoir. Quels ont etd les 
mirites des Neerlandais dans la mu- 
sique, principalement aux XIV-XV/' 
siecles . . . which was printed by the 
Institute. In 1832 he began his famous 
historical lectures and concerts, which 
were first suggested by Choron. In 1833 
he was called to Brussels as mattre de 
chapelle to King Leopold I, and direc- 
tor of the Conservatoire; he held the 
latter position for 39 years. He also 
conducted the concerts of the Academy, 
which elected him a member in 1845. 
The chief work of F. is his Biographie 
universelle des mnsiciens et bibliogra- 
phic generale de la musique in 8 vol- 
umes (1837-1844; 2nd ed. 1860-65; 
Suppl. of 2 vols. 1878-1880, edited by 
A. Pougin). His other writings include 
Traite de I'accompagnement de la par- 
tition (1829) ; Solfiges progressifs 
(1827) ; La musique mise A la portec de 
tout le monde (1830; Ger. transl. by 
Blum, 1833; Engl. eds. London, 1831, 
and Boston, Mass., 1842) ; Manuel des 
principes de musique (1837) ; Manuel 
des jeunes compositeurs, des chefs de 
musique militaire, et des directeurs 
d'orchestre (1837) ; Mithode des mi- 
thodes de piano (1837) ; Mithode des 
methodes de chant (1840) ; Mithode 
ilimentaire du plain-chant (1843) ; 
Traiti complet de la thiorie et de la 
pratique de I'harmonie (1844) ; Notice 
biogr. de Nicolo Paganini (1851; with 
short history of the violin) ; Antoine 
Stradivari (1856; with researches on 
bowed instruments) ; Histotre ginirale 
de la musique (5 vols.; including only 
down to 15th cent.). Fitis composed 6 
operas (1820-1832), symphonies and 
other works for orchestra, sacred music, 
and sonatas, etc., for piano. Ref.: VIII. 
51. (2) fidouard-IiOiiIs-FraBQals (1812- 
1909) : b. Vouvignes, near Dinant, d. 
Brussels; son of (1) ; edited 'Revue mu- 
sicale' (1833-35) ; librarian of the Brus- 
sels Library; pub. Les muslciens beiges 
(1848), Les artistes beiges A I'itranger 
(1857-65). (3) AdoIphe-Louis-BU' 



143 



Fiedler 

g6ne (1820-1873): b. Paris, d. there; 
son of (1) ; music-teacher in Paris after 
1856 ; composed for piano and har- 
monium, and prod, an opera. 

FEURICH, Jullna (1821-1900) : b. 
Leipzig, d. there; piano manufacturer. 

PEVIN (1) Antonlns de (ca. 1473- 
ca. 1515): b. Orleans; composer of 
important masses, motets, etc. (2) 
Robertus (15th and 16th cent.) ; b. 
Cambrai; conductor to the Duke of 
Savoy; composer of masses and motets. 

FfiVRIBR, Henri Louis (d. Paris 
1780) : produced 2 books of music for 
clavecin (1734, 1755). Ref.: IX. 477. 

FFRANGCON - DA VIES, David 
Thomas (1860- ) : b. Bethesda, Car- 
narvon; abandoned priesthood to be- 
come a concert baritone; studied music 
with Latter, Shakespeare and Randeg- 
ger; sang in Berlin and teaches in the 
Royal Academy of Music, London. In 
1905 he published 'The Singing of the 
Future.' 

FIALA, Joseph (1751-1816) : b. Lob- 
kowitz, Bohemia, d. Donaueschingen ; 
oboist, 'cellist, conductor; composed 
two symphonies, quartets, duets for 
violin and 'cello, trios for flute, oboe 
and bassoon, and concertos for flute, 
oboe, bassoon and 'cello. 

FIBICH, Zdenko (1850-1900) : b. 
Seborschitz, Bohemia, d. Prague; stud- 
ied there and at Leipzig Conservatory, 
assistant conductor of the National the- 
atre at Prague, director of the choir in 
the Russian church. He composed 7 
Czech operas, Bukovin (1874), Blanik 
(1881), 'The Bride of Messina' (1884), 
•The Tempest' (1895), Hedg (1897), 
Sarka (1898), 'The Fall of Arcona' 
(1900), besides the trilogy Hippodamia 
(1890-91, prod. Prague and Antwerp) ; 
6 melodramas; Bochzeitscene, Winds- 
braut and 'Spring Romance' for chorus 
and orch.; 3 symphonies, 6 symphonic 
poems, 5 overtures, orch. suite; piano 
quartet, piano quintet (with violin, 
'cello, clarinet and horn), 2 string quar- 
tets, about 400 piano pieces, etc. Ref.: 
in. ISlff; VIII. 382; portrait, HI. 178. 

FIBY, Helnrich (1834- ): b. Vi- 
enna ; studied at the Conservatory there ; 
solo-violinist, director and teacher at 
Laibach; director and teacher in 
Znaim; composer of choruses and 
songs. 

FICHNA, Ida (1853- ): b. Vi- 
enna; studied with Fuchs and Hdlzl, 
singing teacher in Vienna. 

FICHTXER, Pauline. See Erd- 

MANNSDORFFER. 

FICKEJVSCHER, Arthur: contemp. 
American composer. Ref.: TV. 450. 

FIEBACH, Otto (1851- ) : b. 
Ohlau, Silesia; organist and Musikdl- 
rektor in Konigsberg, composer of an 
oratorio and 6 operas, prod. In Dresden 
and Danzig. 

FIEDLER, [August] Max (1859-) : 
b. Zittau; studied with his father, with 
G. Albrecht and at the Cons, of Leip- 
zig, where he won the Holstein scholar- 



Field 

ship; teacher and director at Hamburg 
Cons., conductor of the Philharmonic 
there and conductor of the Boston Sym- 
phony Orchestra during 1908-12. He 
"wrote a piano quintet, a string quartet, 
a symphony, songs, etc. 

FIELD, John (1782-1837) : b. Dub- 
lin, d. Moscow; pianist and composer; 
son of a violinist. Studied theory and 
piano-playing with his grandfather, an 
organist, and Clementi, witli whom he 
went to Paris in 1802, where he created 
a sensation by his interpretation of 
Bach's and Handel's fugues, and to St. 
Petersburg, where he settled as teacher 
and virtuoso. After a Eussian tour he 
appeared in London (1832), playing a 
concerto of his own at the Philhar- 
monic; then in Paris, Belgium, Switzer- 
land and Italy. After a severe illness 
he was taken back to Moscow, playing 
in Vienna on the way. F., aside from 
being a brilliant virtuoso, was an im- 
portant composer. He forms the link 
In the history of piano playing between 
Clementi and Chopin. His piano- 
works, aside from his Nocturnes, are 
forgotten, but these are an original 
creation, both their name and style be- 
ing an Innovation. Unrelated to the 
established forms (sonata, etc.), they 
prepared the way for the fanciful piano 
piece, in free style, such as Chopin's 
Nocturnes, etc. F. wrote 7 concertos, 
4 Sonatas, 2 Airs en Rondeau, Air 
russe. Air russe varie (4 hands), Chan- 
son Tusse varii. Polonaise, romanzas, 
rondos, variations, etc., 2 fantasias and 
18 nocturnes. Ref.: II. 258; YII. 55, 
132, 176, 179, 183, 254, 278; portrait, 
VII. 182. 

FIEIjITZ, Alexander von (I860-): 
b. Leipzig; studied music in I)resden 
and became theatre conductor at Ziirich, 
Liibeck, and Leipzig; teacher in the 
Stem Conservatory, Berlin, to which he 
returned after teaching in Chicago in 
1905 and directing the symphony or- 
chestra there the following year. He 
has produced 2 operas in Liibeck and 
Hamburg; wrote many songs and a 
romance for piano and violin. Ret.: 
III. 20; V. 310f. 

FIERENS-GBVAERT, Henri 
(1870- ) : b. Brussels ; studied music 
with Gevaert; published 2 books on 
contemporary music and contributes to 
musical journals. 

FIGUIiUS, Wolfgang (16th cent.) : 
b. Liibben, d. Meissen; cantor at the 
Thomasschule and at Meissen; edited 
collections of sacred music, works of 
Agrlcola, Ebert, Galliculus, etc. 

FILBY, ■William Charles (1836-) : 
b. London; studied music in Paris, or- 
ganist at St. Paul's, London, leader of 
singing societies and composer of 
church music, piano sonatas, operettas, 
organ works, etc. 

FllilPPI (1) Giuseppe de ([?]- 
1856) : physician and author of Saggio 
sulV estetica masicale. (2) Giuseppe 
Ae (1825-1887): b. MUan, d. Neuilly 



Finck 

near Paris; writer; contributed to 
Pougin's edition of F^tis' Biographie 
Universelle ; author of 2 books on the 
modern theatre. (3) Fillppo (1830- 
1887): b. Vicenza, d. Milan; studied 
law in Padua, but abandoned this pro- 
fession to follow that of musical critic 
in Milan. Besides his journalistic criti- 
cisms, he published Musica e musicista 
and Richard Wagner (German, 1876). 

FILKB, Max (1855-1911) : b. Stuh- 
endorf-Leobschiitz, Silesia, d. Breslau; 
singer in the Breslau Cathedral and 
cantor in Duderstadt, then studied in 
1880 at Leipzig Cons, and became cho- 
rus leader at Straubing, then directed 
the Cologne Sangerkreis. He became 
chapel master at the Breslau Cathedral, 
1891, taught at the Royal Institute for 
Church Music, 1893; royal Musikdirek- 
tor, 1899. He wrote orchestral masses, 
a Requiem and other church and choral 
music. 

FILLMORE, John Comfort (1843- 
1898): b. New London, Conn., d. there; 
studied at Oberlin, and Leipzig Cons., 
substitute director of Oberlin Cons., 
one year, then teacher at Ripon and 
Milwaukee. He wrote three valuable 
text-books on musical history, trans- 
lated Riemann's Klavierschule and 
Natur der Harmonik and assisted Miss 
Alice Fletcher in her studies in Indian 
music. 

FILLUNGBR, Marie (1850- ) : b. 
Vienna; studied at the Cons, there, 
with Marchesi and at the Berlin Hoch- 
schule; concert and oratorio soprano, 
noted throughout Europe, South Africa 
and Australia. She settled in England 
where since 1904 she has taught at the 
Royal College of Music at Manchester. 

FILTZ (Pilz, Flls), Anton (ca. 
1730-1760) : b. Bohemia, d. Mannheim, 
where he was first 'cellist in the orches- 
tra from 1754; pupil of Joh. Stamitz 
and gifted composer in his master's 
style, whom he approaches in origi- 
nality and expressiveness, though not 
in workmanship. He wrote 41 sym- 
phonies (printed op. 1, 6 a 4 [quartets], 
op. 2, 6 with 2 horns, op. 5, 6 a S, 
others in collections), string trios, trio 
sonatas, piano trios, 'cello sonatas, 
concerti, etc. Ref.: II. 67; VIII. 93, 
145. 

FINCK (1) Hcinrieh (1445-1527): 
d. Vienna; studied in Cracow; com- 
poser at the court of Albert I, 
Alexander and Sigismund I of Po- 
land; then at the courts of Stutt- 
gart (1510), Salzburg (1524) and 
from 1524 to his death Regens chori 
and teacher at the Schottenkloster 
of Vienna. He wrote songs pub. by 
Sablinger (1545) and Hhaw (1542). 
His Schone ausserlesene Lieder des 
hochberilhmten Heinrici Finckens (1536) 
is extant. Ref.: I. 304. (2) Hermann 
(1527-1558): b. Pima, Saxony, d. Wit- 
tenberg; a grand-nephew of (1) ; be- 
came organist in Wittenberg; a com- 
poser of note and author of a work 



144 



Fincke 

on musical theory, published 1558. (3) 
Henry Theophllus (1854- ) : b. 
Bethel, Maine. After studying with 
H. K. Paine in Boston, he -went 
to the Royal Music School of Munich; 
then turned to psychology and anthro- 
pology. He is music critic on the New 
■Vork Evening Post, and author of biog- 
raphies of Wagner (2 vols., 1893; 
transl. into German, 1897) ; Edvard 
Grieg (1906; transl. into Ger., 1908). 
He also wrote Chopin and other Essays 
(1889), Paderewski and His Art (1895), 
Anton Seidl (1899), and Songs and 
Song Writers (1900). Ref.: IV. 353, 
368; V. 319. 

FINCKE, Fritz (1836- ) : b. Wis- 
mar; studied in Leipzig Cons.; violin- 
ist in Frankf ort-on-Main ; organist at 
Wismar; vocal teacher at Peabody In- 
stitute, in Baltimore, in 1879; author 
of Anschlagselemente (1871) and com- 
poser of pieces for piano. 

FINDBISEN (1) Otto (1862- ): 

b. Brunn; composer of 6 operettas pro- 
duced in Bremen, Leipzig, Hamburg, 
etc., among them the folk-opera, Ben- 
nigs von Treffenfeld. (2) Nikolai 
FedOTOvltcb (1868- ): b. St. Pe- 
tersburg; studied at the Cons, there 
and in 1893 founded the 'Russian 
Journal of Music' He is a contributor 
to various Russian musical journals 
and a historian of Russian music, 
author of books on Glinka, Napravnik, 
Seroff, Rlmsky-Korsakoff, the Russian 
art song and other subjects. 

FINGER, Gottfried (ca. 1658-after 
1723): inhabitant of Olmiitz; from 
1685-1702 at the court of James II at 
London, then chamber musician and 
composer of German opera at the court 
of Queen Sophie Charlotte at Berlin. 
From 1717 to 1723 he was councillor 
and court conductor at Mannheim. 
Besides operatic compositions in Eng- 
lish and German, F. wrote sonatas for 
violin, gamba, flutes, oboes, etc. 

PINK (1) Gottfried Wilhelm, and 
(2) CliTistlan, See Addenda. 

FINO, Giocondo (1867- ): b. 
Turin; studied with Bolzoni in Turin; 
composed a mass, a string quartet, 
Nabi di Vita for orchestra, an ora- 
torio Noemi e Ruth, and the operas 
II Battista (1906), La Festa del Grano 
(1910) and Visioni di Dante (1916). 

FIORAVANTI (1) Valentino (1764- 
1837) : b. Rome, d. Capua; studied with 
Sala at Naples; from 1816 maestro di 
cappella at St. Peter's, Rome; composer 
of some church music and cantatas, 
also 77 operas produced throughout 
Italy, in Lisbon and in Paris. He was 
one of the most distinguished Italian 
composers of his day. (2) Vlncenzo 
(1799-1877): b. Rome, d. N«>les; 
church conductor in Naples and direc- 
tor there of the Albergo del poveri; 
like his father (1) a composer of light 
operas, about forty of which he pro- 
duced at Neapolitan theatres. 

FIORK, Stefano Andrea (1675 



Fischer 

1739) : b. Milan, d. Turin; composed 27 
seria operas, produced in Italy and 
Vienna. 

FIORILLO (1) Isnazio (1715-1787): 
b. Naples, d. Fritzlar, near Cassel; 
studied with Leo and Durante; com- 
posed operas, an oratorio, a Requiem, 
Te Deums, etc.; conductor at the courts 
of Brunswick and of Cassel. (2) 
Federlso (1753-before 1823) : b. Bruns- 
wick; performer on violin and viola 
in Riga, Paris and London; conduc- 
tor in Riga; composer of '36 Caprices,' 
etc.. for violin, and of ensemble 
works. 

Fiatrfi, Karl (1867- ) : b. Bre- 
men; studied in Leipzig Conservatory; 
pianist, composer and lecturer, residing 
in Brooklyn, New York. 

PISCHEIi, Adolf (1810-[?]): b. 
Konigsberg; studied with Spohr; a 
Berlin cigar-dealer who composed 
string quartets and music for the 
violin. 

FISCHER (1) Johann Citristian 
(1733-1800) : b. Freiburg, Baden, d. 
London; oboist in Dresden court orch., 
1760; gave concerts in Italy; was court 
musician at London from 1780. He 
wrote 10 oboe concertos, quartets for 
flute and strings, flute-duets, flute- 
solos, etc. Ref.: VII. 392. (2) Lndwlg 
(1745-1825): b. Mayence, d. Berlin; 
bass singer for whom Mozart wrote the 
part of Osmin in the Entfilhrung; sang 
in Paris, 1783, in Berlin, 1788-1815. 

(3) Micliael Gotthard (1773-1829) : b. 
Alach, near Erfurt, d. Erfurt; organist; 
composer of organ, chamber music and 
orchestral works. Ref.: VI. 458, 459. 

(4) Anton (1777-1808) : b. Ried, Swabia, 
d. Vienna; Kapellmeister at the Theater 
an der Wien, 1800 ; composed several 
operettas and revised Gritry's operas 
for Vienna. (5) Christian "Willielni 
(1789-1859) : b. Konradsdorf, d. Dres- 
den; d^but as bass, Dresden, 1810; 
chorus-master in Leipzig, 1817-28, at 
Magdeburg, 1828-29, Leipzig again, 
1829-31, and later in Dresden. (6) 
Gottfried Bmll (1791-1841): b. Ber- 
lin, d. there; singing-teacher at the 
Graues Kloster and composer of mo- 
tets,! chorales, songs, school-songs; mel- 
odies to von den Hagen's Minnesdnger. 
He wrote Ober Gesang and Gesangun- 
terricht (1831), and contributed to' the 
Allgem. Masik-Zeitung. (7) Karl Lud- 
wig (1816-1877) : b. Kaiserslautem, d. 
Hanover; Musikdirektor at various Ger- 
man theatres; Kapellmeister at May- 
ence, 1847-52; first court Kapellmeister, 
Hanover, 1859; composed many large 
choral works and songs. (8) Adolf 
(1827-1893) : b. Uckermiinde, d. Bres- 
lau; organist at Frankfort, director of 
the Singakademie, 1853, and Royal 
Musikdirektor, 1865; founded Silesian 
Cons., Breslau, 1880; composed sym- 
phonies, organ music and songs. (9) 
Ignaz (1828-1877): b. Vienna; Kapell- 
meister of the court opera. (10) Josef 
(1828-1885) : d. Stuttgart, where he was 



145 



Fiscbhot 

court musician; composed the song 
Boch Dentschland, herrliche Sieges- 
braut. (11) Karl August (1829-1892) : 
b. Ebersdorf, Saxony, d. Dresden; 
studied at Freiburg Seminary; organ- 
ist of various cliurches in Dresden; 
composed the opera Loreleg; a high 
mass; organ symphonies and concertos; 
orcliestral suites, etc. (12) Paul (1832- 
1894) : b. Zwickau, d. Zittau, where he 
was cantor in the Johanneskirche after 
1862; founded the Zittau Konzertver- 
ein, 1864; edited the Zittauer Lieder- 
buch and the Zittauer Choralbuch. (13) 
Georg (1836- ): b. Hanover; wrote 
many valuable articles on musical sub- 
jects for various journals; pub. works 
on the opera in Hanover, Hans von Bil- 
low and others. (14) Bmil (1838- 
1914) : operatic bass. He sang in Graz 
(d^but 1857), Pressburg, Stettin, Bruns- 
wick, Danzig, Rotterdam, Dresden and 
from 1885 New York, where he later 
taught. Wagner roles. (15) Franz von 
(1849- ): b. Munich; famous 'cellist, 
retired as Generalmusikdirektor in Mu- 
nich, 1912. 

PISCHHOF (1) Joseph (1804-1857): 
b. Moravia, d. Vienna; abandoned the 
study of medicine at Vienna for a 
musical career and taught there pri- 
vately and at the Cons, of the Gesell- 
schaft fiir Musikfreunde. Besides piano 
works and ensembles he wrote the Ver- 
such einer Geschichte des Klavierbaues 
and his manuscripts preserve valuable 
material for Beethoven biographers. 
(2) Robert (1856- ): b. Vienna; 
professor at the Cons, there; prod, an 
opera at Graz (1906). 

FISH, William (1775-ca. 1863): b. 
Norwich, d. there; violinist, oboist and 
concert leader in Norwich, where he 
also taught. Composed songs and vo- 
cal works, sonatas and concertos. 

FISHER (1) John Abraham (1744- 
1806): b. Dunstable, d. London; studied 
with Pinto in London; violinist in Lon- 
don, Dublin and Vienna; composed 
pantomimes for Covent Garden, an 
oratorio, symphonies, preludes, etc. 
(2) William Arm.s (1861- ) : b. 
San Francisco; studied with Morgan, 
Parker and Dvofdk, also in London; 
teacher and music editor in Boston; 
composer of songs, etc. 

FISSOT, Alexis Henri (1843-1896) : 
b. Airaines, Somme, d. Paris; trained 
at the Conservatoire, virtuoso on organ 
and pianoforte and composer for the 
latter. 

PITELBBG, Georg (1879- ) : b. 
Diinaburg, Livonia; studied at the 
Warsaw Cons., conductor of the War- 
saw Philharmonic Orchestra, 1908; pub. 
several symphonies, piano and violin 
music; other works in MS. 

FITZENHAGEN, W^Uhelm K. Fr. 
(1848-1890) : b. Seesen, Brunswick, d. 
Moscow; 'cellist and composer for 
'cello; concert-master and professor at 
the Cons, in Moscow. 

FITZW^IIiIilAlH (1) Richard (d. 



146 



nelscher 

1816) : bequeathed a collection of 
paintings, engravings, books, and mu- 
sical MSS. to the Univ. of Cambridge. 
The musical MSS. include espe- 
cially valuable works: the 'Virginall- 
Booke of Queen Elizabeth'; anthems in 
Purcell's hand, sketches by Handel, and 
many early Italian compositions. Vin- 
cent Novello edited and pub. 5 vols, of 
the Italian sacred music as 'The Fitz- 
william Music, etc.'; J. A. Fuller-Mait- 
land and Dr. A. H. Mann have made a 
complete catalogue (1893). (2) Ed- 
ward Francis (1824-1857) : English 
composer; director of music at the Hay- 
market Theatre, London; wrote an op- 
eretta, 'Love's Alarms,' songs and other 
works. Ref.: VIII. 284. 

FI.AGG (1) Joseph (18th cent.): 
earliest American publisher of music. 
Ref.: IV. 29, 45. (2) Josiah (18th 
cent.) : American compiler of psalm- 
tunes. Ref.: IV. 59. 

FLAGI>ER (1) Isaac -van Vleck 
(1844-1909): b. Albany, N. Y., d. Au- 
burn; studied at Albany with Beale, in 
Paris with Batiste; director of music 
and organist in churches in Pough- 
keepsie, Albany, Chicago and Auburn, 
has taught at Syracuse, Cornell and 
Utlca Cons. He has written some or- 
gan music and published several col- 
lections of organ music. (2) Harry 
Harkness: contemp. American music 
patron, resident in New York; en- 
dowed the Symphony Society of New 
York, 1915. Ref.: IV. 186. 

FliATIBERT, Gnstave: French nov- 
elist. Ref.: IX. 389. 

FliAXLAXD, GnstaTe Alexandre 
(1821-1895) : b. Strassburg, d. Paris; 
studied at the Conservatoire; taught 
music, founded a music publishing 
house and piano factory. 

FliECHA (1) Juan (1483-1553): b. 
Catalonia, d. Poblet, Tarragona; Car- 
melite monk and teacher of music to 
Spanish Infanta. (2) Fray Mateo 
(1520-1604) : b. Catalonia, d. Solsona; 
court conductor at Prague; composer of 
sacred and secular music in Prague 
(where he was Kapellmeister to Charles 
V) and Spain, whither he returned in 
1589; nephew of (1). 

FL,ECK, Henry T. (1863- ): b. 
Buffalo, N. Y.; founded Euterpe Cho- 
ral Society, 1889, and the Harlem Phil- 
harmonic, 1890, which he conducted im- 
til 1901; then became professor of 
music at Hunter College, New York; 
conducted free concerts established by 
the Board of Education of New York 
City in 1910. 

FL£GIER, Ange (1846- ): b. 
Marseilles; studied at the Conservatory 
there and at Paris; produced Fatima, 
a comic opera in Marseilles, 1875 ; 
wrote besides orchestral cantata and 2 
operas. 

FLEISCHER, Oskar (1856- ) : 
b. Zorbig, Saxony; teacher of history 
of music at the Royal Hochschule fiir 
Musik, professor extraordinary at the 



Fleischer-Edel 

University and custodian of the royal 
collection of musical Instruments, Ber- 
lin; president of the Internationale 
Muslkgesellschaft, 1899, and editor of 
its publications; "wrote several "works 
on musical instruments (1892, 1893), 
W. A. Mozart (1899), Neamea-Studien 
(3 vols., 1895-1904), etc. 

FliBISCHER-BDBIj, Katbarlna 
Wllltelmlne (1875- ): b. Muhl- 
heim; studied in the conservatories 
of Cologne and Dresden; dramatic so- 
prano in Dresden court opera, later 
in the Hamburg Stadttheater. 

FliBMMING, Frledrich Ferdinand 
(1778-1813) : b. Neuhausen, Saxony, d. 
Berlin; member of Zelter's Liedertafel; 
composed many male choruses, includ- 
ing the popular Integer vttae. 

FLESCH, Carl (1873- ) : b. Moson, 
Hungary; violin virtuoso; studied in 
the conservatories of Vienna and Paris; 
professor at Bucharest and virtuoso 
at the Rumanian court; for a time 
he taught in the Amsterdam Cons., and 
since 1908 he has lived in Berlin, 
"where he has given violin soirees, etc. 
He visited the U. S. in 1914-15. 

FLETCHER: (1) English poet. Ref.: 
VI. 141. (2) Alice C. (1845- ) : 
b. Boston; ethnology assistant at the 
Peabody Museum of American Archae- 
ology and Ethnology since 1882; au- 
thor of 'A Study of Omaha Indian 
Music' (1893) and 'Indian Story and 
Song from North America' (1900). 

FlilNTOFT, [Rev.] Lnke (J?]- 
1727): b. Worcester, d. London; (ien- 
tleman of the Chapel Royal, minor 
canon at Westminster; possibly the in- 
ventor of the double chant, the earliest 
example of which is his in G minor. 

FLITCH, J. E. CraTrford. Ref.: 
(quoted) X. 190f. 

FLODERER, Wllbelm (1843- ): 
b. Briinn; composer of 2 operas pro- 
duced at Linz, also Vnter der Linde, 
for soli, chorus and orchestra. 

FLODIN, Karl (1858- ): b. 
Wasa, Finland, studied at Leipzig 
Cons., music critic in Helsingfors, 1886- 
1905, writer on Finnish music and 
musicians; composer of Helena, scena 
for sop. and orch., music to Haupt- 
mann's Hannele, cortige for wind band, 
male and women's choruses. 

FLOERSHEIM, Otto (1853- ) : 
b. Aachen; studied at Cologne Con- 
servatory; for some years editor of 
the New York 'Musical Courier'; com- 
poser for orchestra and pianoforte; 
resident in Germany. 

FLONDOR, Theodor Johann von 
(d. Berlin, 1908) : Rumanian composer 
of one opera and one operetta. 

FLONZALEY QUARTET. See De 
CoppET, Edward. Portrait, VII. 550. 

FLOOD, [William Henry] Grattan 
(1859- ): b. Lismore, Ireland; gave 
up the church for a musical career; 
studied theory with Dr. Kerbusch and 
Sir R. Stewart; became organist at the 
pro-Cathedral, Belfast, 1878; at Thurles 



Floto-w 

Cathedral, 1882; professor of music at 
the Jesuit College in TuUabeg, 1882; 
St. Wilfrid's College, Staffordshire, 
1890-94; organist and choirmaster at 
the Cathedral of Enniscorthy, Ireland, 
since 1895; wrote 'History of Irish 
Music' (1895), 'Story of the Harp' 
(1905), 'Story of the Bagpipe' (1911), 
'Memoir of W. V. Wallace' (1912) ; also 
contributed to various dictionaries and 
encyclopaedias, and edited collections 
of songs and hymns. 

FLORIDIA, Pletro (1860- ): b. 
Modica, Sicily; studied with Cesi, 
Serrao, Polidorl and Lauro Rossi in 
Naples, professor at Palermo Cons., 
1888-90, now teaching in New York; 
prod, the operas Carlotta Clepier (Na- 
ples, 1882), Maruzza (Venice, 1894), La 
Colonia libera (Rome, 1899), and 'Pao- 
letta' (English, Cincinnati, 1910) ; pub. 
orchestral pieces, piano pieces, and 
songs. Ref.: 111. 392; IV. 188; Vn. 465. 

FLORIMO, Francesco (1800-1888): 
b. San Giorgio Morgeto, near Reggio; 
d. Naples; studied in the Naples Real 
Collegio with Furna, Ella, Zingarelli, 
Tritto; became librarian of the archives 
there, wrote a history of the Naples 
conservatories, their teachers and pu- 
pils, also on Wagner and on Bellini, 
and a Metodo di canto; composed 
church music, orchestral work and can- 
tatas, besides songs in his native dia- 
lect. Ref.: (quoted) II. 16. 

FLORID, Caryl (pseudonym of "Wil- 
liam James Robjohn): contemp. 
American composer of church music. 
Ref.: IV. 359. 

FLORIZEL. See Reuter. 

FLORSHEIM. See Floersheim. 

FLOTO"W, Frledrich, Freiherr von 
(1812-1883) : b. Teutendorf, Mecklen- 
burg, d. Darmstadt; opera composer; 
studied composition with Reicha in 
Paris. After a stay in Mecklenburg 
(during the revolution of 1830), where 
he prod, two small operas, he returned 
to Paris, and brought out Siraphine 
(1836), Rob Roy, and Le naufrage de 
la Miduse (1839), his first genuine suc- 
cess (given in Homburg, 1845, as Die 
Matrosen) ; also La duchesse de Guise 
(1840) ; Le forestier (1840) ; I'Esclave 
de Camoens (1843), and the ballet 
'Lady Harris,' afterwards rewritten as 
'Martha.' His Alessandro Stradella was 
brought out in Hamburg, 1844, and his 
most popular work, 'Martha,' in Vienna. 
Then followed Die Grossfiirstin (Ber- 
lin, 1850) and Indra (Berlin, 1853), 
also some unsuccessful works ; then the 
operettas La Veuve Grapin (Paris, 
1859) and Pianella (Paris, 1860), the 
operas Wintermdrchen (Vienna, 1862), 
Zilda (Paris, 1866), and Am Runenstein 
(Prague, 1868), and the ballets, Die 
Libelle (Vienna, 1866), and Tannkonlg 
(Darmstadt, 1867) belong to this period. 
As intendant of court music at 
Schwerin (1863-68), he wrote a Fac- 
keltanz. He settled on one of his es- 
tates near Vienna, 1868; made frequent 



147 



Flower 

visits to Paris and Italy, and finally 
moved to Darmstadt. Ref.: II. 380; K. 
19 232f. 

FLOWER, Eliza (1803-1846) : b. 
Harlow, Essex; d. there; composer of 
hymns and anthems popular in their 
day, among them the original musical 
setting to 'Nearer, My God, to Thee.' 

FLOWERS, George Preuoh (1811- 
1872) : b. Boston, Eng., d. there; studied 
in Germany and played the organ at 
the English Chapel in Paris, then in 
various churches in London and else- 
where. He founded the Contrapuntists' 
Society and the British School of Vo- 
calization. He composed fugues, a 
mass, vocal works, etc., and wrote on 
the construction of fugue and har- 
mony. 

FLtJGEL (1) Gustave (1812-1900) : 
b. Nienhurg-on-Saale, d. Stettin; stud- 
ied with Fr. Schneider at Dessau; 
taught at Kothen, Magdeburg, Stettin, 
and the Neuwied Seminary, where he 
became Royal Musikdirektor, 1856; can- 
tor and organist at Schlosskirche, Stet- 
tin, after 1859 ; wrote many pieces for 
organ, instrumental music, choruses, 
etc. (2) Ernst Paul (1844-1912) : b. 
Halle, d. Breslau; son of (1); or- 
ganist and teacher; founded the Flftgel- 
Verein; composed for the piano and 
organ and wrote songs and a cappella 
choruses, also choral works with orch. 

FODOR (1) Josepb (1752-1828) : b. 
Venloo, d. St. Petersburg; studied with 
Benda and, after touring, settled as 
violinist in Paris, then at St. Peters- 
burg. His compositions are concertl 
and soli for the violin. (2) Josephine 
(1793-E?]): b. Paris, daughter of Jo- 
seph and a pianist at 11 years of age. 
After her marriage in 1812 with the 
actor Mainvielle, she travelled as an 
operatic soprano and sang at the Paris 
Opera Comique and the Italian Opera. 
She sang also in London, Naples and 
Vienna. (3) Enrlcbetta: daughter of 
Josephine; sang at the Berlin Friedrich 
Wilhelm Theatre, 1846-49. 

FOERSTER. See also Forsteh. 

FOERSTER, Adolpli Martin 
(1854- ) : b. Pittsburg, Pa. ; studied at 
the Leipzig Cons. ; living in Pittsburg as 
teacher and choral conductor; composed 
orchestral pieces (Festival, Dedication 
and Heroic marches, prelude to Goethe's 
'Faust,' etc.), chamber music, arias 
with orchestra, songs, piano pieces, or- 
gan and church music. Ref.: IV. 196, 
197. 

FOGGIA, Francesco (1604-1688) : b. 
Rome, d. there; composer and conduc- 
tor in courts of Honn, Munich and 
Vienna, in churches at Narni, Monte 
Fiascone and Rome; he followed the 
Roman School and wrote masses, mo- 
tets, offertories, and other church mu- 
sic. 

FOGLIANI (or Fogllano, or Fogli- 
anns) (1) Lndovlco (late 15th cent.-ca. 
1539) : b. Modena, d. there ; musical 
theorist who was among the first (with 



148 



Forberg 

Odington and Ramis) to promulgate the 
theory, later upheld by Zarlino, of the 
proportion of the major third as 4:5 
and the distinction between major and 
minor semitones. (2) Giacomo (1473- 
1548) : b. Modena, d. there; composed 
madrigals and sacred and secular songs, 
still extant. 

FOHSTROM, Alma (1861- ) : 
b. Helsingsfors; studied with Madame 
Nissen-Saloman in St. Petersburg; con- 
cert soprano. 

FOKINE (1) Mlebnel: contemporary 
Russian dancer, associated with Diag- 
hileff in the modern reform movement 
(Ballet Russe). Ref.: III. 340; X. vi, 
219f, 220, 228, 231, 244. (2) Vera 
(Fokina) : wife of (1) ; Russian bal- 
lerina. Ref.: X. 171, 220, 221, 224. 

FOLVILLE, [Eugenie fimilie] Juli- 
ette (1870- ) : b. Lifige, Belgium; 
studied with her father and Malherbes, 
O. Musin and Cesar Thomson; gave 
concerts (piano and violin) in North- 
ern France, Belgium and London; pro- 
fessor of piano at Li^ge Cons., 1898; 
composed 2 piano sonatas, 2 books 
of songs, a piano cpiartet, 3 orchestral 
suites, church music, violin pieces, an 
opera, Atala (Lille, 1892; Rouen, 1893), 
and numerous other works. 

FOMIJV, B. P. (1741-1800) : earliest 
composer of Russian birth. Ref.: IX. 
S80. 

FONTAINE (1) Mortier de. See 
MoHTiEB. (2) Petrus (early 15th cent.) : 
singer in the Papal chapel and com- 
poser of rondeaux. (3) Hendrik 
(1857- ): b. Antwerp; student and 
later singing teacher at Antwerp Con- 
servatory; concert bass; sang in 
Benolt's Lucifer. 

FONTANA (1) Giovanni Battl«ta 
([?]-1630): d. Brescia; composed so- 
natas for violin with 'cello, for 2 
violins with bassoon, for 3 violins, 
etc. Ref.: I. 368; VIL 383, 476. (2) 
Jules (1810-1869) : b. Warsaw, d. 
Paris; teacher and pianist in London, 
Paris, America; composer for piano- 
forte. 

PONTANB, Tlieodor. Ref.: VI. 380. 

FOOTE, ArtJinr William (1853-) : 
b. Salem, Mass.; studied with B. 
J. Lang, S. A. Emery, and J. K. Paine, 
and graduated A. M. at Harvard in 
music. Organist in Boston since 1878. 
He wrote for orchestra: 'In the Moun- 
tains,' overture; 'Francesca da Rimini,' 
symphonic prologue; suite for strings, 
in E minor ; Concerto for 'cello ; Suite 
for orchestra; for chorus and orch., 
'Farewell of Hiawatha' (male), 'The 
Wreck of the Hesperus' (mixed), 'The 
Skeleton in Armor'; also a piano quin- 
tet, a piano quartet, 2 trios, 3 string 
quartets, sonatas for violin, 2 suites 
for piano, and smaller pieces for violin, 
'cello, piano, and songs. Ref.: TV. 338lf, 
357; VL 221, 449; VIL 340, 589; mus. 
ex., XIV. 205; portrait, IV. 342. 

FORBERG, Robert (1833-1880) : b. 
Liitzen, d. Leipzig; publisher of music 



Forchhammer 

of Rheinberger, Reinecke, Raff, Jensen, 
etc., estab. In Leipzig since 1862. 

FORCHHAMMBR, Theophll (1847-) : 
b. Schiers, Graubiinden; studied at 
the conservatory of Stuttgart; became 
cathedral organist and royal music di- 
rector in Magdeburg; composed organ 
concerto, and pieces for organ, piano 
and songs. 

KORD (1) Thomas (ca. 1580-1648) : 
b. England; musician to Prince Henry, 
son of James I, and to Charles I; wrote 
'Musicke of Sundrie Kindes . . .' 
(1607), the madrigal 'Since First I Saw 
Your Face,' songs in Leighton's 'Teares' 
and canons in Hilton's 'Catch That 
Catch Can.' (2) Ilrnest A. C. (1858-) : 
b. London; pupil of Sullivan and of Lalo 
in Paris; conductor at the Empire The- 
atre, London. He composed 'Daniel 
O'Rourke,' opera (1884), 'Nydia,' duo- 
logue (1889), 'Joan,' opera (1890), 'Mr. 
Jericho,' operetta (1893), 'Jane Annie 
or The Good-Conduct Prize,' comic op- 
era (London, 1893) ; a cantata for fe- 
male voices, a motet, ballets, songs, 
duets, etc. Re/.; HI. 430, 432. 

FORKEL, Johann NIkoIans (1749- 
1818) : b. Meeder, near Coburg, d. Got- 
tingen; Chorprafect at Schwerin; or- 
ganist and harpist. He became organ- 
ist at the Univ. of Gottingen and Mu- 
sikdirektor in 1778; specialized in mu- 
sical history and became hon. Dr. phil. 
He wrote Vber die Theorie der Musik 
(1774) ; Musikalisch-kritische Biblio- 
thek (1778-9, 3 vols.) ; Vber die beste 
Einrichtung offentlicher Concerte 
(1779) ; Genanere Bestimmung einiger 
musikalischer Begriffe (1780) ; Musik- 
allscher Almanack fiir Deutschland 
(1782, 1783, 1784, 1789) ; Allgemeine 
Geschichte der Musik (1788 to 1801, 
2 vols.; only down to 1550); Allge- 
meine Litteratur der Musik (1792) ; 
Vber Joh. Seb. Bachs Leben, Kunst 
und Kunstwerke (1803; Engl, transl., 
1820). He transcribed in modern nota- 
tion, Graphaus' Missie XIII (1539), 
and the Liber XV missarum of Petrejus 
(1538) ; masses by Okeghem, Obrecht, 
Josquin, and others. Only the proof- 
sheets, corrected by F., are preserved 
in the Berlin Library, the plates hav- 
ing been destroyed by the French 
troops. He composed sonatas and vari- 
ations, songs, oratorio Hiskias, 2 can- 
tatas. Die Macht des Gesangs and 
Die ilirten an der Krippe zu Bethle- 
hem; also symphonies, trios, choruses, 
etc. Ref.: II. 31. 

FORMSS (1) Karl Johann (1816- 
1889) : b. MUlheim-on-Rhine, d. San 
Francisco; made his debut as operatic 
bass at Cologne, 1841; sang in Mann- 
heim, London, and the United States. 
(2) Theodor (1826-1874) : b. Milhl- 
heim, d. near Bonn; brother of (1) ; 
made his dibut as tenor at Of en, 1846; 
sang at Vienna, Mannheim, Berlin and 
in the United States. 

FORMSCHNBIDER. See Ghapheus. 

FORNABI, Vincenzo (1848-1900) : b, 



Forster 

Naples, d. there; composed the operas 
Maria di Torre (Naples, 1873), Salamm- 
bo e Zama (ib., 1881), and Un dramma 
in vendemmia (Florence, 1896). 

FORNER, Christian (1610-1678) : b. 
Wettin, d. there; organ-builder, and 
inventor of the 'wind-gauge' (1675) ; his 
organs at Halle (Ulrlchskirche) and 
Weissenfels (Augustusburg) are still 
in use. Ref.: VI. 405. 

FORNIA-liABEY (nee Newman), 
Rita (1878- ): b. San Francisco; 
studied with Jean de Reszke, Paris, 
and Frau Nicklass-Kempner, Berlin; 
debut as coloratura soprano at Ham- 
burg; sang in various cities of Ger- 
many, Covent Garden, London, and at 
the Metropolitan Opera House, New 
York, since 1908. 

FORONI, Jacopo (1825-1858) : b. Ve- 
rona, d. Stockholm; directed an Ital- 
ian operatic troupe, conducted at the 
Stockholm court, and composed 4 op- 
eras, besides overtures and etudes 
for piano. 

FORSTER (1) Georg (ca. 1514- 
1568) : b. Amberg, d. Nuremberg; physi- 
cian who pub. a great collection of 
German songs (5 parts, 15(?], 1539-56). 
(2) Geors ([?]-1587): b. Annaberg, 
Saxony, d. Dresden; court Kapell- 
meister there. (3) William (1739- 
1808): b. Brampton, d. London; violin 
maker, whose 'cellos are especially val- 
uable and rare. His son William 
(1764-1824) succeeded him. (4) Joseph 
(1845- ): b. Trofalach, Styria; com- 
poser of the operas Die Wallfahrt der 
Konigin (Vienna, 1878), Die Rose von 
Pontevedra (Gotha, 1893), Der tod Mon 
(Vienna, 1902), and 2 ballets for Vi- 
enna (1881, 1883). 

FORSTER (1) Caspar (Sr.) : cantor 
in Danzig, 1607, Kapellmeister of St. 
Mary's church there, 1627, and propri- 
etor of a book store. (2) Caspar 
(Jr.) (1617-1673) : b. Danzig, d. near 
there; cousin of (1), in whose book 
store he was employed, and whom, 
after musical activities in Warsaw and 
Italy, he succeeded in St. Mary's church ; 
court Kapellmeister in Copenhagen, 
1660-61; composer of an opera, church 
music, and theoretician. (3) Chrlstoph 
(1693-1745) : b. Bibra, Thuringia, d. 
Rudolstadt; chamber musician and 
later ducal Kapellmeister in Merseburg, 
then court Kapellmeister in Rudolstadt. 
Of his compositions 26 church cantatas, 
a mass, a Sanctus, and setting of psalm 
117, also 4 secular cantatas, 12 sym- 
phonies, 6 orchestral suites, concertos, 
violin sonatas and a trio for 2 violins 
and continuo are preserved. Ref.: II. 
7. (4) Emanuel Aloys (1748-1823) : b. 
Niederstein, Silesia, d. Vienna; com- 
poser of piano sonatas, variatipns, 
string quartets, piano quartets, string 
quintets, string sextet, Notturno concer- 
tante for string and wind instruments, 
etc., which approached closely to Bee- 
thoven's style; also a cantata, some 
songs, and pub. an introduction to thor- 



149 



Fortsch 

ough-bass (1805). Ref.: VII. 510. (5) 
Joseph (1833-1907) : b. Bohemia, d. 
Prague, where he studied at the Organ 
School; was organist and choir director 
at various churches and the Dom; also 
theory teacher at the Cons, and school 
examiner in music; composer of poly- 
phonic choral music a cappella, masses. 
Requiems and organ music; author of a 
harmony method. (6) Alban (1849-) : 
b. Reichenbach, studied at the Dres- 
den Cons., concert master in vari- 
ous cities, choral conductor, conser- 
vatory teacher in Dresden, court Kapell- 
meister at Neustrelitz, 1882-1908; com- 
poser of a symphony, a festival march, 
chamber music, 3 violin sonatas, in- 
structive piano pieces, and 3 operas. 

(7) Adolph Martin. See Foehster. 

(8) Anton (1867-1915) : b. Croatia, pi- 
anist and teacher in Berlin. (9) Josef 
B. (1859- ): b. Prague, son of (5), 
critic and conservatory teacher in Ham- 
burg; composer of 2 symphonies, a 
symphonic poem, suites, 2 operas, a 
Stabat Mater, and other sacred choral 
works, also chamber music, piano 
pieces and songs. His wife. Bertha 
Lauterer, is an opera singer; member 
of the Vienna court opera from 1903 
since when F. has lived in Vienna. 

FORTSCH, Johnnn PhiHpp (1652- 
1732) : b. Wertheim, Franconia, d. 
Eutin; physician by profession, but 
adopted music, sang in Hamburg, and 
succeeded Theile at Gottorp as Kapell- 
meister to the Duke of Schleswig, 1680. 
He wrote 12 operas; clavichord-con- 
certos, etc. Ref.: IX. 30. 

FORSYTH, Cecil (1870- ) : b. 
Kent, England; studied with Sir Her- 
bert Stanley and with Sir C. Villiers 
Stanford at the Royal College of Mu- 
sic, London; composer of an opera, 
several overtures, a viola concerto in 
G min.. Chant Celtique for viola and 
orchestra, string quartets, 2 masses, 4 
orchestral studies based on Hugo's Les 
MiserableSy many vocal pieces and a 
number of works for solo voice with 
orchestra; published *Music and Na- 
tionalism' (1911) and 'Orchestration' 
(1914) ; contributor to 'The Art of Mu- 
sic. Ref.: (cited) VIII. 9, 20, 33, 36, 
47. 

FOSTER (1) Stephen Collins (1826- 
1864): b. Lawrenceville (Pittsburg), 
Pa., d. Newf York; American composer 
of songs in folk-style. He was chiefly 
self-taught, learned to play the flageo- 
let at 7, wrote a waltz for 4 flutes and 
pub. his first song, 'Open thy lattice, 
love,' in 1840. During 1845-46 he 
wrote 'The Louisiana Belle,' 'Old Uncle 
Ned,' and 'O Susanna'; these were fol- 
lowed by 'My old Kentucky home,' 'Old 
dog Tray,' 'Massa's in the cold, cold 
ground,' 'Gentle Annie,' 'Willie, we 
have missed you,' 'I would not die in 
spring-time,' 'Come where my love lies 
dreaming,' 'Old black Joe,' 'Ellen 
Boyne,' 'Old folks at home,' 'Nellie 
was a lady,' 'O, boys, carry me 'long,' 



Fraemcfce 

■Nelly Ely,' "Nancy Till,' 'Laura Lee,' 
'Maggie by my side,' 'Beautiful dream- 
er,' etc., over 160 in all. F. usually 
wrote both words and music of his 
songs. Ref.: IV. 28(3, 318ff, 416, 452; 
V. 107, 129, 163f; portrait, IV. 318. 

(2) Mylcs Birket (1851- ) : b. 
London; studied at Royal Academy 
of Music; organist at Haweis' church 
and at the Foundling Hospital; editor 
for Messrs. Boosey until 1900; exam- 
iner of Trinity College, London, since 
1888; composed church music and sev- 
eral children's cantatas, also instru- 
mental music and songs; wrote 'An- 
thems and Anthem Composers' (1901). 

(3) Fay: b. Leavenworth, Kansas; 
studied in Chicago and at the conser- 
vatories of Leipzig and Munich; won 
the International Waltz Competition 
prize of 2000 marks in Berlin, 1910; 
first prize in American Composers' 
Contest, New York, 1913; composed 
many songs. (4) Mnriel (1877- ) : 
b. Sunderland, England; studied at 
the Royal College of Music; won sev- 
eral prizes for singing; appeared be- 
fore Queen Victoria in 1900; toured 
Canada, Holland, Germany, Russia, 
and the United States; married Lud- 
wig Goetze in 1906 and retired. 

FOUQ,UE, Pierre Octave (1844- 
1883): b. Pau, d. there; studied with 
Becker, Chauvet and at the Conserva- 
toire with Thomas; became librarian 
there and music critic to French jour- 
nals. He wrote for pianoforte, songs 
and operettas; wrote 4 books on Eng- 
lish and French music. 

FOURDBAIIV, F61ix (1880- ): 

composed the operas Echo (Paris, 
1906), La Ligende du point d'Argentan 
(ib., 1907), La Glaneuse (Lyon, 1909), 
Vercingetorix (Nice, 1912), Madame 
Roland (Rouen, 1913) and Les contes 
de Perrault (Paris, 1913). 

FOTJRNIER (1) Pierre-Simon 
(1712-1768): b. Paris, d. there; intro- 
duced round-headed notes which he 
described in Essat d'un nouveaa carac- 
tere de fonte (1756), also pub. a trea- 
tise on the history of music printing 
(Paris, 1765). (2) £:miIe-Engene- 
AUx (1804-1897): b. Paris, d. Joln- 
ville-le-Pont; studied at the Conser- 
vatoire, won the prIx de Rome with 
the opera Stratonice (Op^ra, 1892) ; 
pub. songs and wrote an opera, Car- 
loman, which was not produced. 

FOX, Felix (1876- ): b. Bres- 
lau; studied at Leipzig Cons.; won 
the Helbig prize; then studied with 
Philipp in Paris; became a teacher 
and pianist in Boston, 1897; with 
Buonamici founded a piano-school 
there, 1898. 

FRAEMCKE, August (1870- ): 
b. Hamburg; studied at the conserva- 
tories of Hamburg and Vienna; made 
his d^ut as pianist at Hamburg, 1886; 
toured Europe and became a joint di- 
rector with C. Heln of the New York 
College of Music in 1906. 



150 



JFragerolle 

FRAGBROIiLE, Georges Angnste 

(1855- ) : b. Paris ; wrote patriotic 
songs, several operas, a pantomime, 

[Le] FRANC, Gnlllanme ([?]- 

1570): b. Rouen, d. Lausanne; singer 
and choir master in Geneva and Lau- 
sanne; composed church music. 

FRANCESCO DEiGLI ORGANI. 
See Landing, Francesco. 

FRAIVCHETTI, Alberto, Baron 
(1860- ) : b. Turin ; studied with 
Nicol6 Coccon and Fortunato Magi, 
also in the conservatories of Munich 
and Dresden (Draeseke) ; composed 
orchestral and chamber music, also the 
operas, Asraele ('dramatic legend,' 
1888), Cristoforo Colombo (1892), Fior 
d'Alpe (1894), II Signor di Pourceau- 
gnac (1897), and Germanta, which was 
produced also in Covent Garden and 
the New York Metropolitan Opera 
House. Ref.: III. 369, 392; VIIL 446. 
(2) Valerlo: Italian violinist, nephew 
of Alberto. 

FRAIVCHI-VERIVEY, Giuseppe Ip- 
polito, Conte della Valetta (1848- 
1911): b. Turin, d. Rome; founded a 
Quartet Society, 1875, and the 'Ac- 
cademla di Canto Corale,' 1876; com- 
posed a lyric sketch and a ballet (Na- 
ples, 1896) ; wrote a paper on Doni- 
zetti (Rome, 1897). 

PRANCHOMME, Augmste (1808- 
1884): b. Lille, d. Paris; studied at the 
Conservatoire; played 'cello in or- 
chestra of the Opera, 1827, of the 
Theatre Italien, 1828; teacher of 'cello 
in the Conservatoire, 1846; composed 
many works for the 'cello. 

PRANCHINTJS. See Gafohi. 

FRANCIS I OP AUSTRIA. Ref.: 

n. 27. 

FRANCIS II OF AUSTRIA. Ref.: 

n. 91. 

FRANCIS, Samuel (18th cent.) : a 
musical pioneer in America. Ref.: TV. 
65. 

FRANCK (1) Melchior (ca. 1580- 
1639) : b. Zittau, d. Coburg, where he 
was court Kapellmeister from 1603. 
He published Melodiae sacrae a i-12 
(1600-7; 3 parts); Musikalische Berg- 
reyen (1602) ; Teutsche Psalmen und 
Kirchengesange (1602) ; Neue Padua- 
nen, Galliarden, etc. (1603) ; Opuscu- 
lum etlicher newer und alter Renter- 
Liedlein (1603) ; and a number of simi- 
lar collections, both of secular and 
sacred music, settings of psalms and 
other scriptures, dances, occasional 
pieces, etc. Many are reprinted, others 
preserved in manuscript in various li- 
braries. A list of his works was pub- 
lished in the Monatshefte fiir Musik- 
geschichte, vol. xvii. Ref.: VII. 472; 
VIIL 125. (2) Johann Wolfgang (ca. 
1641-after 1695) : b. Hamburg, d. Lon- 
don; prod. 14 operas in London from 
1679 to 1686; also pub. violin sonatas 
and Geistliche Melodien (1681, repub. 
1857). (3) Joseph (1820-1891): b. 
Li^ge, d. Paris ; brother of Cfisar (4) ; 



151 



Francoeur 

organist and teacher; pub. church mu- 
sic, piano concertos and studies, songs 
and books on theory and method. 
(4) Cfesar-[AuGusTE] (1822-1890) : b. 
Li^ge, d. Paris; studied at Li^ge Cons, 
until 1837, then at the Paris Cons., tak- 
ing first prize in piano and second in 
composition; organ pupil of Benoist, 
whom he succeeded as professor of 
organ at the Conservatoire, and as or- 
ganist at Ste. Clotilde, 1872. He is 
the originator of a distinctive style of 
extraordinary loftiness, nobility and 
richness, and one of the great modern 
developers of the classic forms; gen- 
erally regarded as the true founder of 
the modern French school. He com- 
posed a 4-act comic opera, Hulda 
(Monte Carlo, 1894) ; an unfinished 4- 
act lyric drama, Ghiselle (Monte (iarlo, 
1896) ; the oratorios Ruth et Boaz and 
La Redemption (1871) ; a choral sym- 
phonic poem, Les Beatitudes; a sym- 
phonic poem, Le Chasseur maudit; an- 
other for piano and orchestra, Les 
Djinns; a symphony in D min. ; a piano 
sonata, a violin sonata, a string quar- 
tet, a piano quintet, each a master- 
piece of its kind; also PrHude, Aria 
et Final and Prelude Chorale et 
Fugue, for piano, songs, etc. Ref.: 
I. 478; II. 439, 469ff, 371f; III. xi, xii, 
xiv, xviii, 205, 277ff, 279, 281f, 296; 
(influence) III. 301, 314, 319; songs, 
354f; choral works, VI. 295f; organ 
works, 470f; piano comp., VII. 207, 
345ir, 461; chamber music, VII. 547fl, 
561, 581, 586; orchestral works, VIIL 
324, 334ff; opera, IX. 443, 454, 460; 
mus. ex., XIII. 362, 367; portraits, II. 
470; VI. 300. 

FRANCKE (1) Kuno. Ref.: (quot- 
ed) II. 48. (2) August Hermann: 
founder of a piano factory In Leipzig, 
1865. 

FRANCKENSTEIN, Clemens, Frei- 
herr von (1875- ) : b. Wiesentheid, 
Lower Franconia; conducted in Lon- 
don, Wiesbaden, and Berlin; intendant 
at court opera, Munich, 1912; General- 
intendant since 1914; composed the 
operas Griseldis (1898), Fortunatus 
(1909) and Rahab (1911). 

FRANCO (1) ol Paris (sometimes 
called Franco the Elder), was mattre 
de chapelle at Notre-Dame, Paris, ca. 
1100, A. D. (2) of Cologne, prior of 
the Benedictine Abbey at Cologne in 
1190; b. Dortmund; author of Musica 
et cantus mensurabilis. Compendium 
de discantu, both printed in Gerbert's 
Scriptores. It is possible that his- 
torians have confused the two Francos, 
or that only one existed; both names 
are identified with innovations in no- 
tation. Ref.: VL 18. 

FRANCCEUR (1) Frangols (1698- 
1787) : b. Paris, d. there; violinist, first 
in OpSra orch., then chamber-musician 
to the King, one of tlie 24 violons du 
rot (1730), chamber-composer (1732), 
opera-inspector (jointly with Francois 
Rebel), director of the Op^ra (1751), 



Frank 

and superintendent of the King's music 
(1760). He -wrote 2 books of violin 
sonatas, and produced 10 operas to- 
gether with Rebel. Ref.: VII. 406. (2) 
JLonis-JoNeph (1738-1803) : b. Paris, d. 
there ; nephew of (1) ; violinist in 
Opera orch. ; assistant conductor, con- 
ductor, and for a while director of the 
Opera. He composed a 1-act opera, 
Ismene et Lindor (Op^ra, 1766), other 
operas, and pub. Diapason gindral de 
tons les instruments a vent, etc. (1772). 

PRANK, Brnst (1847-1889) : b. Mu- 
nich, d. near Vienna; Kapellmeister at 
Wiirzburg, 1868; chorus-master at the 
court opera, Vienna, 1869 ; court Kapell- 
meister at Mannheim, 1872-77; succeed- 
ed Billow as opera Kapellmeister in 
Hanover, 1879-87; composed 3 operas 
and many songs. 

FRANKE, Hermann (1834- ): 

b. Neusalz-on-the-Oder; cantor in Cros- 
sen and in Sorau; royal Musikdirektor ; 
composer of sacred and secular ora- 
torios, songs, etc.; author of a hand- 
book on music and an introduction to 
liturgical singing. 

PRANKENBERGER, Heinrlch 

Priedrlch (1824-1885) : b. Wiimbach, 
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen ; studied 
there and in Leipzig; violinist, teacher 
and assistant conductor of the Hof- 
kapelle, Sondershausen ; prod. 3 operas, 
methods for organ and harmony and 
was distinguished for his ability as a 
harpist. 

PRAJJKXIN, Benjamin (1706-1790) : 
b. Boston, d. Philadelphia ; the great 
American statesman and scientist, who 
invented the ^musical glasses* "which he 
called the 'Harmonica*; also wrote va- 
rious essays on the music of his day. 
Ref.: rv. 29, 70. 

PRANKO, Sam (1857- ) : b. New 
Orleans; member of the Theodore 
Thomas Orchestra, 1880, concert-master, 
1884-91; founded the American Sym- 
phony Orchestra in 1894; gave cham- 
ber-music concerts at the Aschenbrodel 
Club, New York, 1893-1901; teacher at 
Stern Cons., Berlin, 1910; became a 
private teacher in New York, 1915; pub. 
works for the violin. 

FRANZ, Robert (real name Knauth, 
changed in 1847, by oilicial permission) 
(1815-1892) : b. Halle, d. there. He en- 
countered parental opposition in youth 
but was allowed to finish his musical 
education under Fr. Schneider at Des- 
sau (1835-37). He then devoted six 
years to the study of Bach, Beethoven, 
Handel and Schubert. F.'s first set of 
12 songs appeared in 1843; he became 
organist at the Ulrichskirche, conductor 
of Singakademie and Musikdirektor at 
Halle Univ., where he received the title 
of Doctor of Music in 1861. In 1868 
he resigned on account of deafness. He 
wrote 350 songs, besides church music, 
chorales, male choruses, revisions of 
Bach and Handel; also Mitteilungen 
ilber J. S. Sachs Magnificat (1863), 
Vber Bearbeitungen dlterer Tonwerke 



152 



Fremstad 

namentlich Bacbscher und Bandelscher 
Yokalwerke (1871). Ref.: H. 298ff; 
songs, V. 26Sff, 278, 299f, 334f; mus. 
ex., XIII. 309, 311; portrait. V. 268. See 
also individual indexes. 

PRANZI. (1) Ignaa (1736-1811): b. 
Mannheim, d. there; virtuoso violinist; 
concert master and court music di- 
rector at Mannheim; composed sym- 
phonies, violin concertos, and other 
instrumental works. Ref.: VII. 418. 
(2) Ferdinand (1770-1833) : b. Mann- 
heim, d. there; violinist and composer; 
studied composition with Padre Mar- 
tini ; court concert master, court Kapell- 
meister and director of the German 
opera at Munich; music director of the 
National Theatre at Frankf ort-on-Main ; 
composed nine violin concertos, a con- 
certo for two violins, six string quar- 
tets, a symphony, operas and other 
works. Ref.: VII. 418. 

FRASCHINI, Gaetano (1815-1887) : 
b. Pavia, d. Naples; operatic tenor in 
Italy and England. 

PRASI, Ginlla (18th cent.) : Italian 
singer; appeared in HandePs works in 
England. 1743-58. 

FRAUENIiOB, surname of Helnrich 
von Meissen (d. Mayence, 1813) : one 
of the last minnesingers, whose Marien- 
leichen in their inflated style seem to 
show their composer*s close relation to 
the Meistersinger. He is indeed sup- 
posed to have founded the first master 
singers' school at Mayence; 15 of his 
melodies are contained in the Colmar 
MS. F. is, according to a legend, said 
to have been carried to his grave by 
women. Ref.: I. 220, 222; VIII. 479. 

FREDERICK the Great (Fred- 
crick II), King of Prussia (1712-178G) : 
b. Berlin, d. Potsdam; was an accom- 
plished flute-player and an amateur 
composer, having written an opera, // 
re pastore, an overture ('Acls and Gala- 
thea'), flute solos, an aria and marches. 
C. P. E. Bach, Quantz, Graun, Benda 
and others were his musical mentors. 
Some of his works are pub. by Breit- 
kopf and Hartel. Ref.: I. 468f; II. 31, 
48, 50. 58, 70. 78, 107, 204, 277 ; VI. 245 ; 
VII. 414; VIII. 150; IX. 82, 108; por- 
trait, II. 58. 

FREDERICK VTILLIAM (1) II, 
King of Prussia. Ref.: VI. 179; VII. 
487, 494. (2) III, King of Prussia. 
Ref.: HI. 198. (3) IV, King of Prus- 
sia. Ref.: II. 261. 

FR£;DfiRlX, Gnstav (1834-1894) : b. 
Liege, d. Brussels ; critic. 

FREER, Eleanor, Everest: con- 
temp. American song composer. Ref.: 
rv. 404. 

FREIBERG, Otto (1846- ) : b. 
Naumburg; studied at the Leipzig Cons, 
and with Lachner; violinist in the court 
orchestra at Karlsruhe; music director 
at Marburg University and at Gottin- 
gen, where he was also professor ex- 
traordinary. 

FREMSTAD, Olive: contemp. Ameri- 
can dramatic soprano; b. Stockholm, 



Frene 

Sweden, stud. Chicago, Milwaukee, and 
witli Lehmanii; debut In Cologne; 
sang Amsterdam, Antwerp, Vienna, Mu- 
nich, Covent Garden, Met. Opera House, 
New York, in all leading Wagner 
roles, incl. Isolde, Kundry and Brunn- 
hilde, also other operas. Created 'Sa- 
lome' (in Strauss' opera) in America. 

FRfiNE, BusSne Henri (ca. 1860- 
1896): b. Strassburg, d. Paris; studied 
at the Conservatoire; conducted the 
Alsatian Choral Society of Paris and 
the orchestra of the Ostend theatre; 
wrote the opera Quand on aime, prod, 
in Paris. 

FRERB, Roderick 'Walter How- 
ard (1863- ): b. England; Anglican 
priest at St. Dunstan, Stepney, 1887, 
now at Mirfleld, who edited for the 
Plainsong Society the Graduate Saris- 
buriensis (1894), the Bibliotheca tnu- 
sica liturgica (a descriptive catalogue 
of mediaeval MSS. in Britain, 1901) and 
the Gregorian Antiphonale Missaram 
(1896), etc., also prepared a new 
edition of Ravenscroft's Psalter, etc. 

FRBSCHI, Giovanni Domenlco 
(1640-1690): b. Vincenza, d. there; 
composed church music, an oratorio, 
'Judith,' and 14 operas, all except one 
of which was produced in Venice. Ref. : 
IX. 20. 

FRKSCOBALDI, Glrolamo (1583- 
1644) : b. Ferrara, buried at Rome; 
famous organist, composer, pupil of 
Luzzasco Luzzaschi at Ferrara ; trav- 
elled to Flanders and was probably 
organist at Mechlin, 1607. He pub. his 
first work, a collection of 5-part madri- 
gals, at Antwerp, 1608 (printed by 
Phalfese) ; became organist of St. Pe- 
ter's, at Rome, where 30,000 people are 
said to have attended his first per- 
formance, and held this post till he 
died, though in 1628-33 he was court- 
organist at Florence. Froberger was 
his pupil, 1637-41. F. is also Impor- 
tant as composer, having introduced 
daring innovations in harmony (fore- 
shadowing our modern key-system), 
new developments in fugal form, and 
improvements in notation. He pub- 
lished Fantasie a 2, 3 e 4 (1608) ; Ricer- 
cari et canzoni francesi (1615) ; Toccate 
e partite d'intavolatura di cembato 
(1615) : II 2° Itbro di toccate, canzoni, 
versi d'inni, magnificat, gagliarde, cor- 
renti ed altre partite d'intav. di cem- 
balo ed organo (1616) ; Capricci sopra 
dlversi soggetti (Rome, 1624; repub. 
in Venice, 1628, with the RiceTcari of 
1615) ; 2 books of Canzoni a 1-k voci per 
sonare e per cantare con ogni sorie 
d'istramenti (1620, 1637) ; Arte musi- 
cali a piii voci (1630) ; Fiori musicali 
di toccate, Kyrie, canzoni, capricci et 
rtcercari in partitura per sonatori con 
basso per organo (1635). A fourth 
book of Canzoni alia francese was pub. 
at Venice, 1645, from manuscripts; in 
this form he also left Lamentazione, 
and In te, Domine, speravi for double 
choir. Ref.: I. 358 ff; UI. 385; VI. 424f, 



Fried 

436; VII. 15ff, 24, 476; VIII. 284; mus. 
ex., XIII. 83; portrait, VI. 426. 

FREUDENBERG, Wilhclm (1838-) ; 
b. Raubacher Hiitte, Prussia; studied 
in Leipzig; founded a conservatory in 
Wiesbaden, 1870, and conducted the 
Singakademie there until 1886, when he 
opened a music school with Karl 
Mengewein in Berlin; choir director at 
the Kaiser Wilhelm Gedachtniskirche 
there since 1905; composed several op- 
eras, a symphonic poem, incidental 
music, an overture, church music, pi- 
ano pieces and songs. 

FRBUDMAN, Ignaz. See Fried- 
man. 

FRBUND (1) or Frenndt, Cornelius 
([?]-1591): b. Plauen, Vogtland, d. 
Zwickau ; composer of Protestant church 
music. (2) Robert (1852- ) : b. 
Pesth; studied with Moscheles, Coccius, 
Taussig and Liszt; composer of piano- 
forte pieces and songs. 

FREY (1) M. ([?]-1832); violinist, 
conductor and operatic composer at 
the Mannheim court. (2) Adolf 
(1865- ): b. Landau, Palatinate; 
studied with Mme. Schumann, Faisst 
and Brahms; court musician to Prince 
Alexander Friedrich of Hesse, 1887-93; 
professor of music at Syracuse Uni- 
versity, New York, since 1893. 

FREZZOLINI, Ermlnia (1818- 
1884) : b. Orvieto, d. Paris ; operatic 
soprano; her d^but was made at Flor- 
ence in Beatrice di Tenda (1838) ; sang 
in several Italian cities as well as in 
London, Paris, St. Petersburg and New 
York. 

FRIBERTH, Karl (1736-1816) : b. 
Wullersdorf, Lower Austria, d. Vienna; 
tenor to Prince Esterhazy at Eisenstadt; 
Jesuit conductor in Vienna and com- 
poser of church music. 

FRICHOT (ca. 1800) : 

said by Fetis to have invented the 
Russian bassoon. Ref. : VIII. 51. 

FRICK, Phlllpp Joseph (1740-1798) : 
b. Wiirzburg, d. London; organist at 
the court of Baden-Baden; virtuoso on 
the musical glasses ; teacher and writ- 
er in London. 

PBICKB (1) Angnst Gottfried 
liDdwlg (1829-1894) : b. Brunswick, d. 
Berlin; operatic bass in Brunswick, 
Bremen, Konigsberg, Stettin and in the 
Berlin Royal Opera. (2) Ricbard 
(1877- ): b. Oschersleben; studied 
in Berlin; organist, director and sing- 
ing teacher in Insterburg; composer of 
male choruses, a string quartet, pieces 
for piano and organ. 

FRICKENHAXJS (nie Evans), 
Fanny (1849- ) : b. Cheltenham, 
London; studied with Dupont and 
Bohrer; London concert pianist of 
note, gave chamber music concerts. 

FRIED, Oskar (1871- ) : b. Ber- 
lin, studied with Humperdinck and 
Philipp Scharwenka; director of Ber- 
lin societies; composer of Do* trankene 
Lied and Erntelied for chorus, prelude 
and double fugue for large orchestra. 



153 



Friedberg 

a piece for 13 wind instruments and 2 
harps; Verklarte Nacht for soli and 
orchestra ; choral "works for women's 
voices, and songs. Ref.: VI. 357. 

FRIEDBERG, Carl (1872- ) : b. 
Bingen, Germany; studied at the Frank- 
fort Cons.; taught piano there, 1893- 
1904; professor at Cologne Cons., 1904- 
14; toured the United States, 1914; pro- 
fessor of piano at the Institute of 
Musical Art since 1916. 

FRIBDENTHAL., Albert (1862-) : 
b. Bromberg; studied with Agath, 
Steinbrunn and Kullak; pianist resi- 
dent in Berlin; has made world-wide 
tours since 1882. He pub. Stimmen 
der Volker (5 books), Musik, Tanz und 
Dichtung bei den Kreolen Amerikas 
(1913) ; wrote piano pieces and songs. 
Ref.: (cited) IV. 305. 

FRIEDHEIM, Arthur (1859- ) : 
b. St. Petersburg; studied with Rubin- 
stein and Liszt; toured America, 1891; 
taught in the Chicago College of Mu- 
sic, 1897; lived subsequently in New 
York, London, Munich and in New 
York again since 1913; wrote a piano 
concerto, piano pieces and songs; prod, 
an opera. Die Tdnzerin, Karlsruhe, 
1897. 

FRIEDLXJVDER, Max (1852- ) : 
b. Brieg, Silesia; studied with Garcia 
and Stockhausen; Dr. phil. at Rostock, 
1887, with the thesis Reitrdge zur Riog- 
raphie Franz Schuberts; became pro- 
fessor and Musikdirektor at Berlin 
Univ., 1903; exchange professor at Har- 
vard, 1911 ; pub. a complete edition 
of Schubert's songs and 100 Deutsche 
Volkslieder (1885); also assisted in 
preparing Volksltederbuch fixr Mdnner- 
chor (1906) and a similar work for 
mixed choirs; edited new editions of 
the songs of Schumann, Mendelssohn 
and Beethoven, and wrote many valu- 
able critical essays. 

FRIEDMAJVN, Ignaz (1882- ) : 
b. Podgorze, near Craco"w; studied in 
Leipzig and Vienna; toured Europe 
since 1905; prepared a new edition of 
Chopin's work In 12 volumes; wrote 
piano pieces and pieces for 'cello and 
piano. 

FRIEDRICH. See also Frederick. 

FRIEDRICH AUGUST OF SAX- 
ONY. Ref.: VL 148. 

FRIEDRICH BARBAROSSA. Ref.: 
VIII. 414. 

FRIES, Wnlf (Christian Jnlins) 
(1825-1902): b. Garbeck, Germany, d. 
Roxbury, Mass.; played in the Ber- 
gen theatre orchestra after 1842; found- 
ed the Mendelssohn Quintet Club in 
Boston; gave concerts throughout the 
New England States until 1901. 

FRIEZE, Henry S.: contemp. Ameri- 
can musical educator. Ref.: IV. 268. 

FRIKE. See Feick. 

FRIMIi, Rudolph (1881- ) : b. 
Prague; studied at Prague Cons.; ac- 
companied Kubelik on tours through 
the United States in 1901 and 1906; 
played his piano concerto with New 



Frobergep 

York Symphony; composed the comic 
operas, 'The Firefly,' 'Katinka,' etc.; 
also wrote many piano pieces, songs 
and instrumental music, 

FRIMMEIi, Theodor von (1853-) : 
b. Amstetten, Austria; assistant cus- 
todian of the Imperial Museum, Vi- 
enna, 1884-93; director of the art gal- 
lery of Count Schonborn-Wiesentheid 
and teacher of history of art at the 
Athenaum there; editor of the Reetho- 
ven-Forschung since 1908; wrote many 
books on Beethoven. 

FRISCHEN, Josef (1863- ) : b. 
Garzweiler, Palatinate; studied at Co- 
logne Cons.; conductor of the Musik- 
akadeniie and Philharmonic Concerts 
in Hanover, since 1902; Royal Musik- 
direktor and conductor of the Lehrer- 
Gesangverein in Brunswick; wrote 3 
choral works with orchestra, instru- 
mental pieces, etc. 

FRISKIN, James (1886- ): b. 
Glasgow; studied at Royal Coll. of Mu- 
sic, composer of chainber music, or- 
chestra suite, motets. Ref.: III. 442; 
VII. 589. 

FRITZE, Wilhelm (1842-1881) : b. 
Bremen, d. Stuttgart; studied in Bre- 
men, Leipzig and Berlin; toured France 
and Italy, conducted the Singakademie, 
Liegnltz, 1866-77; wrote the oratorios 
Fingel and David, a symphony, con- 
certos for violin and piano, church 
music and songs. 

PRITZSCH. Ernst Wilhelm (1840- 
1902) : b. Liltzen, d. Leipzig; studied 
at the Leipzig Cons. ; secured the music- 
publishing business of Bomnitz in 
Leipzig in 1866, which he sold to 
C. F. W. Siegel In 1903; pub. Wag- 
ner's collected works; edited the Mu- 
sikalisches Wochenblatt from 1870 and 
Musikalische Hausbldtter in 1875. By 
publishing the works of young com- 
posers, F. has been instrumental in 
furthering modern music. 

FRIZ (or Fritz), Gaspard (1716- 
1782): b. Geneva, d. there; studied 
with Somis; violinist and composer of 
chamber music, symphonies, violin 
sonatas, piano concertos, etc. 

FROBBRGBR, Johann Jakob 
(1605 [?] -1667) : b. Halle (?), d. H^ri- 
court, Haute-Saone, France; celebrated 
organist and composer. He was taken, 
when a boy, to Vienna, where he en- 
tered the Imperial choir and studied 
the organ. In 1637 he was court organ- 
ist at Vienna; there he was given 200 
florins to enable him to study in Rome 
under Frescobaldi, and after 4 years 
returned to his post at Vienna holding 
it 1641-45 and 1653-70. He then made 
long concert-tours (to Paris and Lon- 
don), and spent his last years in the 
service of the Duchess Sibylla of Wiirt- 
temberg at her chateau near H^ricourt. 
He composed toccatas, fantasias, can- 
zonl, fugues, etc. (3 MS. vols, in the 
Vienna Library; 2 printed in Berlin); 
Diverse ingegnosissime, rarissime, et 
non mai piii viste curiose partite di 



154 



Frolilich 

toccati, canzoni, ricercarl, capricei, etc. 
(1693; reprinted at Mayence in 1695), 
and Diverse curiose e rare partite mu- 
sicali, etc. (1696) ; also Suites de clave- 
cin (1 vol.). Ref.: I. 359f, 376; VI. 431, 
442; VII. 15, 23 (footnote), 24, 32, 75, 
104, 473; VIII. 284f. 

FROHLICH (1) Joseph (1780-1862) ; 
b. Wiirzburg, d. there; founded a vocal 
and instrumental society for students, 
wliich became the Academic Institute 
of Music in 1804, when he became Do- 
zen! and iSIusikdirektor at the Univ., 
advancing to professor of aesthetics, 
etc., in 1812. His institute became im- 
portant through various accessions, and 
is now the Royal School of l\(usic. F. 
wrote masses, a requiem, symphonies, 
an opera, sonatas, choral songs, etc., 
contributed musical articles to periodi- 
cals, and pub. a Musiklehre with di- 
rections for playing all instruments 
in use, also separate methods for each 
single instrument, and a vocal school. 
(2) Anna (1793-1880), Barbara (1797- 
1845), Josepliine (1803-1878) and Kath- 
arina (1800-1879), four sisters, of 
which the first was vocal teacher at 
the Vienna Cons., and the second and 
third singers of note, the fourth being 
known as the particular friend of the 
poet Grillparzer. (3) Danish composer. 
Ref.: X. 163. 

FROMM (1) Andreas (17th cent.) : 
cantor and composer at Stettin; com- 
posed the first German oratorio, 1649, 
Der reiche Mann and der arme Lazarus. 
His Dialogus Pentacostalis is still ex- 
tant. (2) EmU (1835- ) : b. Sprem- 
berg; studied with Grell, Bach and 
Schneider; cantor at Cottbus and or- 
ganist and royal director of music at 
Flensburg; founded a choral society 
for mixed voices ; composed a Passion 
cantata, works for the organ and men's 
choruses. (3) K. J. See Addenda. 

PRONTINI, F. Paolo (1860- ) : 
b. Catania; studied with Platania and 
Rossi; directed the Institute for Music 
in Catania and composed an opera fipd 
an oratorio, produced in Bologna, 1893 
and 1882 respectively. Ref.: III. 394. 

PROSCHATJBR, Johann (15th 

cent.) : printer in Augsburg, the first 
said to have used movable type, 1498. 

FROST (1) Charles Joseph (1848-) : 
b. Westbury on the Trym; London 
organist and founder of a choral so- 
ciety; Mus. B. and Doc, Cambridge; 
teacher at the Guildhall School of Mu- 
sic and examiner at the School for 
Organists; composed oratorios, church 
services and anthems, choruses and 
organ sonatas. (2) Henry Frederick 
(1848-1901): b. London, d. there; or- 
ganist and music critic; author of a 
biography of Schubert (1881, 2nd ed., 
1899). (3) -William Alfred (1850-) : 
b. London ; singing teacher at St. Paul's, 
and composer of church music. 

FROTZIiBR, Carl (1873- ) : b. 
Stockerau, Austria; studied at the Vi- 
enna Cons.; organist at the Pfarrkirche, 



fuchs 

Stockerau; Kai)ellmeister to Count 
Nicolaus Esterbazy, and at the City 
Theatre, Linz-on-Danube ; composed 3 
operas, 3 masses, a symphony, etc. 

FRTJGATTA, Giuseppe (1860- ): 
b. Bergamo; studied at Milan Cons., 
and became professor there; composed 
various works for piano, instrumental 
pieces, etc.; also pub. a Preparaxione 
at Gradus ad Parnassum di Clementi 
(1913). 

FRtJH, Armln L,ehrecht (1820- 
1894): b. Milhlhausen, d. Nordhausen; 
operatic composer; inventor of the 
semeiomelodicon. 

FRUYTIISRS, Jan (16th cent.) : 
Flemish composer. 

PRY (1) William Henry (1813- 
1864): b. Philadelphia, d. Santa Cruz; 
music critic to the New York 'Tribune,' 
composed 2 operas prod, in Philadel- 
phia, 4 symphonic poems, cantatas, a 
Stabat Mater and songs. Ref.: IV. 132, 
167f, 333f; portrait, IV. 332. (2) D. H. 
(19th cent.): American critic. Ref.: 
(quoted) IV. 130. (3) B. R. (19th 
cent.): American impresario. Ref.: IV. 
128. 

FRYBR, Herbert (1877- ) : b. 
Hampstead, London; pianist; studied 
at the Royal Academy of Music, and 
became professor there; concertized in 
England and America; became pro- 
fessor at the Institute of Musical Art, 
New York, 1915; composed for the 
piano. 

FRYSINGER, J. Frank (1878-) : 
b. Hanover, Pa. ; studied in Baltimore, 
New York, Philadelphia and London; 
director of Hood College Cons., Fred- 
erick, Md. ; head of organ department 
at University School of Music, Lincoln, 
Nebraska, since 1911; pub. many pieces 
for piano and organ. 

FUCHS (1) Georg Friedrlch (1752- 
1821): b. Mayence, d. Paris; studied 
with Cannabich at Mannheim; pro- 
fessor of clarinet in the Conservatoire, 
1795; composed for the clarinet and 
wrote chamber music. (2) Aloys 
(1799-1853) : b. Kaase, Silesia, d. Vi- 
enna; collected musical MSS. and por- 
traits of musicians; contributed to nu- 
merous journals. (3) Karl Dorins Jo- 
hann (1838- ): b. Potsdam; studied 
with von Bulow, Weitzmann and Kiel; 
Dr. phil. at Greifswald with the thesis 
Prdliminarien. za einer Kritik der Ton- 
kunst; concert-pianist, teacher and 
critic in Berlin, Hirschberg and Dan- 
zig, organist at the Petrikirche there 
since 1886; pub. Virtuos und Dilettant 
(1869), Die Zukunft des musikalischen 
Vortrags (1884, 2 parts). Die Freiheit 
des musikalischen Vortrags (1885), 
Praktische Anleitung zum Phrasieren 
(1886 with Riemann), Kilnstler und 
Kritiker (1898), Takt und Rhythmus im 
Choral (1911). (4) Johann Nepomuk 
(1842-1899) : b. Frauenthal, Styria, d. 
Voslau, near Vienna; Kapellmeister in 
Pressburg, Cologne, Hamburg, Leipzig 
and Vienna; director of Vienna Cons., 



155 



Fiichs 

1894; prod, an opera, Zingara (Brunn, 
1892), and made arrangements of Han- 
del, Schubert and Gluck. (5) Robert 
(1847- ): b. Frauenthal; brother of 
(4) ; studied at Vienna Cons., and be- 
came professor of theory there, 1875; 
pub. symplionies, orchestral serenades, 
an overture, much piano and instru- 
mental music; prod. 2 operas. (6) 
Albert (1858-1910) : b. Basel, d. Dres- 
den; studied at Leipzig Cons.; owner 
and manager of the Wiesbaden Cons., 
1889-98; professor at the Dresden Cons, 
since 1898; composed an orchestral 
suite, a violin concerto, instrumental 
music, songs, choruses, etc. (7) Karl 
(1865- ) : b. Offenbach; studied at 
the Hoch Cons, in Frankfort; played 
in St. Petersburg under Rubinstein; 
professor at the Manchester Royal Col- 
lege; pub. a 'Violoncello Method' (3 
vols., 1906). 

PttCHS, Ferdinand Karl (1811- 
1848) : b. Vienna, d. there ; studied at 
the Vienna Conservatory, composed 
songs, and 3 operas. 

PUENLLANA, Mi^oel de (16th 
cent.) : virtuoso on lute and chamber 
musician, produced and dedicated to 
Philip II of Spain a work for the lute 
containing, besides fantasias by F. 
himself, lute arrangements of vocal 
compositions of Morales, the Guerreros, 
Flecha, Vasquez and others. 

FUENTES (1) Don Pasquale (18th 
cent.-1768) : b. Albaida, Valencia, d. 
there; conductor of the Cathedral there 
and composer of church music. (2) 
Francisco de Santa Maria de: Fran- 
ciscan monk; produced in Madrid, 1778, 
Dialecfos musicos. 

PTJERTES, M. S. See Suriano. 

Pt5GER, Kaspar (ca. 1562-1617): b. 
Dresden, d. there; studied with Figulus 
and at the Leipzig University; cantor 
and deacon at the Dresden Kreuzschule ; 
wrote Christliche Verse und Gesange, 

PUGSiRE, louden (1848- ): b. 
Paris; studied with Raguenau; baritone 
singer in operetta and comic opera. 

PtJHRER, Robert (1807-1861): b. 
Prague, d. Vienna; studied with Vit4- 
sek; teacher at the School for Organ- 
ists at Prague, conductor of the cathe- 
dral there ; organist in Gmunden, Bled 
and Vienna; prolific composer of 
masses and church music, composed 
for organ and wrote 2 books (on Greek 
scales and on rhythm, 1847). 

FUHRMANN (1) Georg Leopold 
(early 17th cent.) : author of work for 
the lute in French and German tabla- 
ture, published in Nuremburg, 1615. 
(2) Martin Heinrich (1669-after 1740) : 
b. Templin, d. Berlin; cantor, theoreti- 
cian and critic, most of whose writings 
were in the nature of polemics. 

PULDA, Adam von. See Adam. 

PULLER (1) Loie: contemporary 
dancer. Ref.: lU. 364; X. 189, 190ff. 
(2) Margaret. Ref.: (quoted on 
Elssler) X. 155. 



Fursch-Madl 

FULLER-MAITLAND, J. A. See 

Maitland. 

FtJLLSACK, Zacharias (early 17th 
cent.) : member of the council hand at 
Hamburg; produced, with Christian 
Hildebrand, a collection of dance mu- 
sic, including compositions of Bateman, 
Borchgreving, Brade, Dowland, etc. 

PULSZTYNSKI, Sebastian (16th 
cent.) : Polish composer. 

FUMAGALLI (1) Dlsma (1826- 
1893): b. Inzago, d. Milan; stud, in 
Milan Cons, and taught there from 
1857; composer of over 250 pieces of 
piano music. (2) Adolto (1828-1858) : 
b. Inzago, d. Florence; pianist, brother 
of (1) ; pupil of Gaetano Medaglia, of 
Angeleri and Ray at Milan Cons. (1837- 
47) ; toured Italy, France, and Bel- 
gium, earning the sobriquet 'Paganini 
of the pianoforte'; wrote many elegant 
and effective piano pieces which he- 
came very popular. (3) Polibio (1830-): 
b. Inzago, Italy ; brother of (1) and (2); 
pianist and composer piano and organ 
music. Ref. : III. 397. (4) Lnca (1837-) : 
b. Inzago, Italy; brother of (1), (2) and 
(3); pupil of Milan Cons.; concert- 
pianist, played with great success in 
Paris (I860), and has written salon- 
music for piano, also an opera, Luigi 
XI, prod, at Florence, 1875. (5) Vin- 
cenio (1840- ) : teacher of composi- 
tion at Milan Cons. (6) Mario Leon 
(1864- ) : b. Milan; studied with 
Ceina ; baritone of note. 

PUMI, Vinceslao (1823-1880) : b. 
Montepulciano, Tuscany, d. Florence; 
studied under Giorgetti in Florence; 
opera conductor and composer. 

FURCHHEIM, Joliann Wilhelm 
(ca. 1635-1682) : b. Dresden (?), d. 
there; violinist, 1655, court organist, 
1666, concert-master, 1680, and vice 
Kapellmeister, 1682; important violin 
composer; pub. Musikalische Tafel- 
Bedienung for strings and continue, 
Auserlesenes Violin-Exercitium. (5-part 
chamber sonatas, 1687), other works in 
MS. Ref.: VH. 386. 

FURLAIVETTO (1) Bonaventura 
(1738-1817): b. Venice, d. there; sing- 
ing teacher, organist, director of a con- 
servatory for girls there; composed 
masses, etc., for performance by his 
girl pupils; conductor at St. Mark's 
and teacher at the Philharmonic Insti- 
tute. (2) Pier Lnlgi (1849-1880): b. 
Magliano, Venetia, d. Venice; composed 
masses, cantatas and operas. 

PURNHJELM.Erik Gustav (1883-) : 
b. Helsingfors; professor of composi- 
tion at the Helsingfors Cons, since 
1909; composed a symphony in D, a 
'Phantastic Overture,' a piano quintet 
and a Konzertstilck for violin and orch. 

PURNO, Giovanni (1748-1837): b. 
Capua, d. Naples; taught Bellini, Ricci, 
etc., at Naples conservatories. 

PURSCH-MADI, Emmy (1847- 
1894) : b. Bayonne, France, d. Warren- 
vlUe; studied at the Conservatoire and 
made her debut in Paris; sang in the 



156 



Fiirstenan 

New Orleans French Opera Company, 
at Covent Garden and in the Metropoli- 
tan Opera House, New York. 
^o^V**?''''^'*^^ (1) Kaspar (1772- 
1819): b. Miinster, d. Oldenburg; flutist 
and chamber virtuoso. (2) Anton 
Bernbard, son of Kaspar (1) (1792- 
1852) : b. Miluster, d. Dresden ; virtuoso 
on flute and composer for his instru- 
ment. (3) Moritz (1824-1889) : son of 
A. B. (2), b. Dresden, d. there; vir- 
tuoso on flute, custodian of the royal 
private music collection, teacher at the 
Conservatory there. He was a distin- 
guished student of musical history, 
wrote on the Dresden court opera and 
conservatory, etc., pamphlets and ar- 
ticles for musical journals and con- 
tributions to the Allgemeine deatsche 
Biographie. 

FtJRSTlVBR, Adolf (1835-1908): b. 
Berlin, d. Bad Nauheim; founder of a 
music publishing Arm in Berlin; pub- 



Fyffe 

lished among other music, works of 
Richard Strauss, Delibes and Leon- 
cavallo. 

FVX, Johann Joseph (1660-1741) : 
b. Hirtenfeld, Upper Styria, d. Vienna. 
He was organist at the Schottenkirche, 
Vienna, in 1696, court composer, 1704, 
Kapellmeister at St. Stephen's, 1698, 
and Kapellmeister to the court in 1715, 
holding the post under 3 successive em- 
perors, till his death. Of his works 
405 have been preserved but few pub- 
lished. His famous treatise on counter- 
point, Gradus ad Parnassum, was pub- 
lished originally in Latin (1725), later 
in Ger., It., Fr. and Eng. Though it 
did not recognize the modern system of 
tonality, being grounded on the old 
church-modes. It was studied by Haydn, 
Mozart and other masters. Ref.: I. 416; 
II. 62; VIIL 138; IX. 34, 45. 

FYFFE:, Charles A., historian. 
Ref.: (quoted) II. 232. 237ff. 



157 



Gabler. 

GABIiEiR, (d. Ravensburg, 

Wiirttemberg, 1784) : built the organ in 
Weingarten monastery (62 stops, 4 
manuals and pedal). 

GABRIElLi (1) Mary Ann Virginia 
(1825-1877): b. Banstead, Surrey; com- 
poser of a cantata, *Evangeline,* of op- 
erettas and popular songs. (2) Rich- 
ard (1874- ) : b. Zackenzin, Pome- 
rania; studied in Royal Institute for 
Church Music and the Melsterschule of 
Humperdinck; organist at Sagan; his 
compositions include a spring overture 
and choral works w. orch. (3) Max: 
contemp. theatre conductor in Hanover; 
composer of operettas produced with 
success at Magdeburg, Hanover, Breslau 
and Berlin. 

GABRIEI/I (1) Andrea (ca. 1510- 
1586): b. Venice, d. there; pupil of 
Adrian Willaert; chorister at San Marco 
in 1536, and in 1566 second organist. 
He was the most famous organist of 
his time and counted among his pupils 
his nephew (2), and Hans Leo Hassler. 
Of his many compositions the following 
are extant: Sacree cantiones a 5 (1565 
and 1584) ; Cantiones ecclesiastics a k 
(1576 and 1589) ; Cantiones sacres a 6-16 
(1578) ; six-part masses (1570) ; 2 
books of madrigals in 5 to 6 parts, 3 
books in 3 to 6 parts, 2 books in 6 
parts (1572-1586) ; Psalmi poeniten- 
tiales 6 vocum (1583) ; Canzoni alia 
francese per I'organo (1571 and 1605) ; 
Sonate a 5 (1586). Many of his organ- 
pieces appeared in the Intonazioni 
d'organo (1593), Ricercari per I'organo 
(3 vols., 1595), of his vocal music in 
the Canti concertati a 6-16 (1587) ; also 
single pieces in Phal^se's Harmonia ce- 
leste (1593) , Sgmphonia angelica (1594), 
and Musica divina (1595) ; a sonnet in 
Zuccarini*s Corona di dodeci sonetti 
(1586), and songs for double chorus, 
for the reception of Henry III. of 
France, in 1574, are in Gardane's 
Gemme mnsicali (1587). Ref.: I. 330, 
356; VI. 69, 421; VII. 10; VIII. 123f. 
(2) Giovanni (1557-1612) : b. Venice, 
d. there; nephew and pupil of Andrea 
(l), distinguished as organist, teacher 
(of Heinrich Schiltz et al) and com- 
poser; leader of the Venetian school. 
He published Madrigali a 6 voci o 
istromenti (1585) ; Madrigali e ricer- 
cari a i voci (1587) ; Ecclesiasticse can- 
tiones i-6 vocum (1589) ; Sacree sym- 
phoniee a 6-16 (for voices or instru- 
ments, 1597) ; Symphoniee sacree, lib. II, 
6-19 voc. (1615) ; Canzoni e sonate a 3- 



158 



Gade 

22 voci (1615). His edition of the Canti 
concertati include 10 of his own com- 
positions, while Andrea's Intonazioni 
and Ricercari per I'organo (1593-95) 
and other contemporary collections 
contain many others. Ref. : I. 356 ; VI. 
69, 234, 321; VII. 10, 11, 471; VIII. 80, 
123, 12i; IX. 29. 

GABRUSI^L,! (1) Domenico (ca. 
1640-1690) : b. Bologna, d. Modena; 
maestro at the Church of San Petronio, 
and president of the Philharmonic 
Academy, Bologna, 1683; prod. 9 op- 
eras ; a volume of motets, Vexillum 
pads (1695), Cantate a voce sola (1691) 
and a collection of dances for 2 vio- 
lins, 'cello and basso continuo (1703) 
were pub. posthumously. (2) Cat- 
terina (1730-1796): b. Rome, d. there; 
operatic singer famous at all European 
courts. (3) Count IVicoIo (1814-1891) : 
b. Naples, d. Paris; studied at Naples 
Cons. ; composed 22 operas and 60 
ballets. 

GABRIBIiSKI, Joliann Wilhelm 
(1791-1846): b. Berlin, d. there; cele- 
brated flute virtuoso, who toured, and 
wrote solo and ensemble pieces for 
flute. His brother Julius (1806-1878) 
and his son Adolf also devoted them- 
selves to the flute. 

GABBILOWITCH, Ossip (1876-) : 
b. St. Petersburg; studied with Tol- 
stoff, Rubinstein and Leschetlzky; con- 
cert pianist, conductor and composer 
for pianoforte. He toured the United 
States frequently with great success, 
and married the singer Clara Clemens, 
the daughter of 'Mark Twain,' who ap- 
pears with him in joint recitals. Ref.: 
portrait, VII. 364. 

GABTJSSI, Vincenzo (1800-1846): b. 
Bologna, d. London; studied with 
Padre Mattel; taught piano and voice; 
prod, several operas and pub. a series 
of songs very popular in Italy. 

GADE, Niels Wilhelm (1817-1890) : 
b. Copenhagen, d. there; was the son 
of a joiner and instrument-maker. He 
abandoned his father's trade after study 
in the violin for a time; then became 
a pupil of Wexschall, leader of the 
court orchestra, of which G. became a 
member; also studied theory with Berg- 
green. When 16 he appeared as a 
concert-violinist. In 1841 his overture 
Nachkldnge von Ossian took the first 
prize at the Copenhagen Musical Soci- 
ety's competition, carrying with it a 
royal stipend for the further prosecu- 
tion of the composer's studies. In 



Gadsby 

1842 Mendelssohn played G.'s symphony 
in C minor and the Nachklange at a 
Gewandhaus concert, and, remaining in 
Leipzig, G. became an Intimate friend 
of Schumann and Mendelssohn, fre- 
quently conducted the Gewandhaus con- 
certs in Mendelssohn's absence, and 
succeeded him as conductor upon his 
death in 1847. In 1848 he returned to 
Copenhagen as court conductor. G. is 
the leading northern representative of 
the Komantic school and has exerted 
a strong influence in Denmark and 
Scandinavia. He wrote 8 symphonies, 
5 overtures, 2 orchestral suites. Novel- 
ettes for orch., 1 string quintet, 1 string 
octet, 1 trio, 2 violin concertos, 3 violin 
sonatas, fantasy pieces for clarinet, 
1 sonata and many pieces for piano, 
songs and choral works of large calibre, 
notably, Comala, 'The Erl King's 
Daughter," 'The Holy Night,' 'The Cru- 
sader,' etc.; also an opera, Mariotta, 
and sacred choral songs. Ref.: H. 263, 
347; in. 69, 72, 92; choral works, VI. 
i69jf; piano music, VII. 326; orchestral 
music, VIII. 8, 233f, 486; ballet, X. 133, 
151; portrait, VI. 176. 

GADSBY, Henry Robert (1842- 
1907): b. Hackney, London, d. Putney; 
pupil of William Bayley, otherwise 
self-taught; organist at St. Peter's, 
Brockley; professor of harmony at 
Queen's College, London, 1884; pro- 
fessor at the Guildhall School of Mu- 
sic. He composed Psalm 130; cantatas; 
music to 'Alcestis' and 'Andromache'; 
8-part Festival Service in D; 3 sym- 
phonies ; overtures, orchestral scene 
'The Forest of Arden'; a string quar- 
tet; services, anthems, part-songs, etc.; 
wrote a 'Supplemental Book of Exer- 
cises' for sight singers; also a 'Har- 
mony' (1884). 

GADSKI, Johanna (1871- ) : b. 
Anclam, Prussia; studied in Stettin; 
operatic soprano; sang in Berlin, Bay- 
reuth, London and New York. Her 
Wagner r61es, notably Eva in Die 
Meistersinger, Briinnhilde and Isolde, 
are especially noteworthy. Ref.: TV. 
145, 147. 

GAFORI (also Gaforlo, Gatnrl, 
Gaflnrlo), Franchlno (Latinized to 
Franchinns Gafnrlus or only Fran- 
clilnns) (1451-1522) : b. Lodi, d. Milan; 
theorist; studied theology and music; 
lived in Mantua, Verona and (1477) 
Genoa; having fled with the fugitive 
Doge Prospero Adorno to Naples, he 
held public disputations there with 
Fllippo da Caserta and G. Spataro; 
was choirmaster at Monticello 3 years; 
in 1484 became singer and master of 
the boys in Milan Cathedral and first 
singer in the choir of Duke Lodovico 
Sforza; founded a music-school at Mi- 
lan in 1485. He wrote Theoricum opus 
harmonicee disciplines (Naples, 1480; 
2nd ed. Milan, 1492, as Theoria mu- 
sical) ; Practica musicee sive mu- 
sicee actiones In IV llbris (Milan, 1496; 
containing examples of mensural no 



Galeottl 

tatlon in block-print; other editions 
1497, 1502, 1512); Angellcum ac dl- 
vtnum opus musicee , . . materna lin- 
gua scriptum (Milan, 1508) ; De har- 
monla musicorum instrumentorum opus 
(Milan, 1518, with biography of G. by 
P. Meleguli), and Apologia Franchini 
Gafurii adversus Joannem Spatarium 
et complices musicos Bononienses 
(Turin, 1520). 

GAGLIANO (1) marco di Zanobi da 
(c. 1575-1642) : b. Gagllano, Tuscany, d. 
Florence; composer; founded Ac- 
cademia degl' Elevati at Florence 
(1607) ; priest and maestro di cappella 
at the church of San Lorenzo ; composed 
operas, Dafne (1608), Medora (for coro- 
nation ceremonies of Emperor Ferdi- 
nand II, 1619), and La Flora (with 
Peri, 1628) ; also madrigals and church 
music; one of the most notable of the 
first composers in the Stile rappresen- 
tativo. Ref.: I. 335, 378; (quoted) L 
333; IX. 9, 13. (2) famous family of 
violin makers of Naples who followed 
the Stradivari model. Alessandro, 
a pupil of Stradivari, worked from 
1695-1725; his sons, NIcolo and Gen- 
naro, from 1700-50. Fernando (1736- 
81) was a son of Nicolo. 

GJS.HRICH, Wenzel (1794-1864) : b. 
Bohemia, d. Berlin; violinist; composer 
of ballets for Taglioni, then ballet con- 
ductor at the Royal Opera, Berlin. 

GAXIi, Bdmee-Sophie (nie Garre) 
(1775-1819): b. Paris, d. there; studied 
singing under Mengozzi and toured 
southern France and Spain; studied 
theory under F^tis, Perne and Neu- 
komm; sang in London, 1816, in Ger- 
many and Vienna, 1818; composed op- 
eras, Les deux jaloux (1813) ; Mademoi- 
selle de Launay d la Bastille (1813) ; 
Angdla (1814 with Boieldieu) ; La 
miprise (1814) ; La sirinade (1818) ; 
also vocal romances and nocturnes. 

GAILHARD, Pierre (1848- ) : b. 
Toulouse; studied at the Conservatoire, 
Paris; d^but as bass, Op^ra Comique, 
1867; director of the Opera, 1884-1907; 
wrote a scenario for Vidal's ballet. La 
Maladetta (1893) and the libretto for 
Guernica (1895). 

GAIiANDIA. See Gablandia. 

GALU, Clement R.: contemp. Anglo- 
American organist and church com- 
poser. Ref.: IV. 357. 

GALBAZZI, Francesco (1758-1819): 
b. Turin, d. Rome; direstor of concerts 
in the Teatro Valle, Rome, for 15 years ; 
violin teacher at Aseoli; pub. an early 
method for violin (Rome, 1791-6). 

GAIjEIN (2nd cent.) : writer on vocal 
anatomy. Ref.: V. 55. 

GALBOTTI (1) (Gallott), Stefano 
(or Salvatore) (18th cent.) : composer 
of 'cello sonatas and trio sonatas 
printed by Walsh in London (1750-60), 
Le Clerc in Paris and Hummel in 
Amsterdam. (2) Vincenzo TontaselU 
(early 19th cent.) : Italian ballet master 
in Denmark. Ref.: X. 162. (3) Cesare 
(1872- ): b. Pietrasanta, Lucca; 



159 



Gales 

composer of operas, including Anton 
(Milan, 1900), and La Dorise; also or- 
gan music, etc. Ref.: III. 397. 

GALES, Weston (1877- ): b. 
Elizabeth, N. J.; studied at Yale Uni- 
versity, in New York and Paris; organ- 
ist and choirmaster of Christ Church, 
New York, 1902-8, of Emanuel Church, 
Boston, 1908-13; founder and conduc- 
tor of the Detroit Symphony Or- 
chestra. 

GALILEI, Vlncenzo (ca. 1533-ca. 
1600) : b. Florence, d. there; father of 
the astronomer, (aalileo G. He was 
skilled on the lute and violin, and fa- 
miliar with ancient Greek theory. He 
became a member of the so-called 
Florentine camerata, the circle of artists 
and amateurs meeting at Count Bardi's 
palace, and his compositions for solo 
voice with lute-accompaniment are con- 
sidered the starting-point of the mon- 
odic style cultivated by the founders 
of opera. He published Discorso della 
mnsica antica e della moderna (Flor- 
ence, 1581) to the 2nd ed. (1602) of 
which is appended a polemical Di- 
scorso intorno alle opere di messer 
Giose/fo Zarlino di Chioggia (originally 
issued separately in 1589) ; and II Fro- 
niuio, dialogo sopra I'arte del bene 
intavolare e rettamente suonare la mu- 
sica, etc. (Venice, 1583; 2nd ed., 1584). 
Ref.: I. 329f; V. 154; VIII. 480; IX. 5, 8. 

GALIN, Pierre (1786-1821) : b. 
Samatan, France, d. Bordeaux; started 
in 1817 courses in a simple method 
of learning music, which he set forth 
in his Exposition d'une nonvelle 
methode pour I'enseignement de la mu- 
sique (1818), issued in 2nd and 3rd 
editions under the title of Mithode du 
Meloplaste (1824^ 1831), later known as 
Galin-Chev^-Paris Method. 

GAUTZIN (1) Nicolas Borlssovitcll 
(1794-1866): d. Kurski; Russian prince, 
'cellist, and an amateur of exceptional 
accomplishment, to whom Beethoven 
dedicated an overture (op. 124) and 3 
quartets (op. 127, 130, 132), and with 
whom he corresponded to the time of 
his death. Ref.: VII. 520. (2) 
Geors (1823-1872): b. St. Petersburg, 
d. there; 'son of (1) ; established 
a choir of 70 boys in Moscow, 1842, 
and later an orchestra which toured 
Europe and America introducing Rus- 
sian music; wrote masses, orchestral 
works. Instrumental soli, songs and 
choruses. 

GALLAY (1) Jacqnes Francois 
(1795-1864): b. Perpignan, d. Paris; 
horn virtuoso; studied under Dauprat 
at Paris Conservatoire, where he took 
first prize; played in the Od^on and 
Theatre Italien; member of the Royal 
chapelle, and in 1832 chamber musician 
to Louis Philippe; in 1842 he succeeded 
Dauprat as horn professor in the Cons.; 
composed horn quartets, trios, duos; 
recreations, nocturnes, etudes and con- 
certos for horn; wrote a Mithode com- 
pute de cor. (2) Jules (1822-1897) : b. 



Gallico 

Saint-Quentin, d. Paris; 'cello player 
and student of lutherie; wrote Les In- 
struments d archet d VExposition uni- 
verselle de 1867 (Paris, 1867); Les 
luthiers italiens aux XVII" et XYIW 
siecles, nouvelle idition du 'Parfait 
Luthier' (La Chilonomie) de I'abbd 
Sibire, suivie de notes sur les maitres 
des diverses icoles (Paris, 1869) ; a 
reprint of du Manoir's Le mariage de 
la musique avec la danse, with histori- 
cal introduction and explanatory notes 
(Paris, 1870) ; Les instruments des 
icoles italiennes, catalogue pricidi d'une 
introduction et suivi de notes sur les 
principaux mattres (Paris, 1872) ; while 
in Vienna, 1873, he edited the Rapport 
sur les instruments de musique [d 
archet] (Paris, 1875). 

GALLENBERG, -Wenzel Robert, 
Graf von (1783-1839): b. Vienna, d. 
Rome; joint-director of the opera in 
Vienna, 1821-3 ; failed as manager of the 
Karntnerthor Theater, 1829; wrote 
about 50 ballets and much piano 
music. 

GALLI, Amintore (1845- ): b. 
Talamello, near Rimini; editor and 
composer; studied at Milan Cons, for 
several years on the editorial staff of 
the publisher Sonzogno, in Milan, and 
lecturer on the history of music at the 
Cons.; since 1872 has been music re- 
viewer for the Secolo and editor of II 
teatro illustrato and Musica popolare; 
composer of the opera II corno d'oro 
(1876) and 'David' (1904), the ora- 
torios Espiazione and Crista al Golgata, 
a setting of Goethe's Totentanz for bari- 
tone and orchestra, a string quartet, 
etc.; author of Etnografla musicale 
(1898), Estetica della musica (1900), 
Storia e teoria del sistema musicale 
(1901), Piccolo lessico di musica, etc. 

GALL.I-niARI£:, C»estine (.nie 
Marie de I'Isle) (1840-1905) : b. Paris, d. 
Nice; dramatic mezzo-soprano; made 
her d^but at Strassburg, 1859; sang in 
Toulouse, 1860; Lisbon, 1861; sang 
'Bohemian Girl' at Rouen, 1862; was 
engaged for the Paris Op^ra Comique; 
d^but there, 1862, as Serpina in La 
Serva Padrona; she created the rdles 
of Mignon, 1866, and Carmen, 1875, also 
several others, singing in more than 
20 operas during the years 1862-78 and 
1883-85. Ref.: II. 388. 

GALLIA. See [i.']fipiNE. 

GALLIARD, Johann Ernst (1687- 
1749) : b. Celle, Hanover, d. London; 
pupil of A. Steffani; oboist; chamber 
musician to Prince George of Den- 
mark in London, 1706; organist at 
Somerset House; composer of cantatas, 
a Te Deum, a Jubilate, anthems, flute 
and 'cello solos ; also music to the 'Morn- 
ing Hymn of Adam and Eve,' from 
Milton's 'Paradise Lost,' and Hughes' 
opera Calypso und Telemachus (1712), 
as well as music to plays, masques and 
pantomimes. Ref.: X. 149f. 

GALLICO, Paolo (1868- ): b. 
Trieste; studied at the Vienna Cons.; 



160 



Galllgnanl 

gave concerts in various countries of 
Europe, then became concert-pianist 
and teaclier in New York, 1892; wrote 
an opera, Harlekin, an operetta, Johan- 
nistraum, piano pieces and songs. 

GALliIGJVANI, Glnseppe (1851- ) : 
b. Faenza; studied at the Milan Cons.; 
maestro di cappella at Milan Cathedral, 
and editor of La Musica Sacra; com- 
posed i operas, organ-pieces and 
church music. 

GAL,1,US (1) Jacobns (or Jacob 
HUndl, or Hahnel) (ca. 1550-1591) : b. 
Carniola, d. Prague; Kapellmeister to 
the Bishop of Olmiitz, later Imperial 
Kapellmeister at Prague; composer con- 
temporary -with Palestrina and Lasso; 
has written pieces pub. in Bjden- 
schatz's Florilegium Portense, Proske's 
Musica divina and collections of Scho- 
berlein, Zahn, Becker, Rochlitz, and 
others; also the following printed 
works: Missae selectiores (1580, 5-8 
parts, four books), Musici operis 
harmoniarum, i, 5, 6, 8 et plurium 
vocum (1st part, 1586; 2nd, 3rd, 
1587; 4th, 1590), Moralia 5, 6 et 8 
vocibus concinnata (1586), Epicedion 
harmonicum . . . Caspari Abb. Zabr- 
dovicensis (1589), Barmoniae variae 4 
vocum (1591), Harmoniarum moralium 
£4 voc] (1589-90, 3 parts), Sacrae can- 
iones de preecipuis festis i-S et plurium 
vocum (1597), Mottettae quae praestant 
omnes (1610). Handel in his 'Funeral 
Anthem' used Gallus' Ecce quomodo 
moritur Justus. (2) Johannes (Jean 
le Cocq, Mattre Jean, Mestre Jhan) 
(d. ca. 1543): Dutch contrapuntist; was 
maestro di cappella to Duke Ercole 
of Ferrara; pub. many pieces in col- 
lections and in a volume of motets 
printed by Scotto (1543). (3) See 
Medebitsch, Johann. 

GAIiPIN, [Rev.] F. W.: contemp. 
English collector of, and writer on, 
old instruments. Ref.: III. 430. 

GALSTON, Gottfried (1879- ): 
b. Vienna; studied in Vienna and Leip- 
zig; taught at the Stern Cons., Berlin; 
1903-7, titular professor at the Cons., 
St. Petersburg, since 1908; toured Aus- 
tralia, Europe and America, 1912-13; 
pub. a Studienbuch (1909). 

GAIiUPPI, Baldassare (1706-1784) : 
b. Island of Burano (from which he 
was surnamed il Buranello), d. Venice; 
pupil of his father, a barber and vio- 
lin player, and Lotti. He prod. Dorinda 
(Venice, Teatro S. Angelo) with bril- 
liant success in 1729. He was so suc- 
cessful in comic opera that he was 
called padre dell' opera buffo. He was 
also a harpsichord player and com- 
poser for that instrument. He visited 
England in 1741 and was maestro at 
St. Mark's, director of the Cons, degli 
Incurabili, and organist at various 
churches, 1762-64; was maestro to the 
court of Catherine II of Russia, 1765- 
68, and again director of the Incurabili 
at Venice. He wrote 54 operas, ora- 
torios, a cantata, and other church mu- 



GantTOort 

sic. Ref.: IL 15, 179; VIL 97, 116f; 
IX. 39, 53. 

GAMBALB, Elmmannele: Milanese 
music teacher; wrote La riforma musi- 
cale . . . (1840), advocating a basic 
scale of 12 semitones (Ger. transl. by 
Haser, 1843) which he carried out in 
his La prime parte della riforma musi- 
cale . , . (1846), wherein are etudes 
written in his new notation; translated 
F^tis' Harmony. 

gamble:, John (17th cent.) : English 
violinist and composer. 

GA9IVCCI, Baldassare (1822-1892) : 
Florentine pianist and writer. 

GANASSI, Silvestro (del Fontego): 
b. Fontego, n. Venice, ca. 1500; author 
of La Fontegara, la quale insegna di 
suonare il ftauto, etc. (Venice, 1535; a 
method for the 7-holed flUte-d-bec, with 
explanations of the 'graces') ; and 
Regula Rubertina che insegna suonare 
de viola d'arco tastada (1542-3, in 2 
parts; a method for viola and bass 
viol), two highly valuable books, which 
were printed by G. himself and only 
one copy of each is extant (Liceo Filar- 
monico, Bologna). Ref.: VII. 374. 

GAND, CIi.-]VicoIas-Engene (ca. 
1826-1892): d. Boulogne-sur-Seine ; fa- 
mous violin maker. 

GANDOLFI, Riccardo [Cristoforo 
Daniele Dlomede] (1839- ) : b. Vog- 
hera. Piedmont; studied with Conti, Pa- 
cini, and Mabellini; inspector of stud- 
ies, then librarian-in-chief of the Real 
Instituto di Musica, Florence; at first 
composer of operas, then of instru- 
mental works (overtures, etc.) and 
church music (masses. Requiem, can- 
tata, etc.) ; wrote historical studies on 
Francesco Landino (1888), Mozart 
(1891), on early Florentine monody, 
Malvezzl and Cavalieri, Rossini, and 
valuable articles in the Rivista musicale 
Italiana and Ricordi Musicali Fiorentini. 

GANNE, Louis-Gaston (1862- ) : 
b.Buxiires-les-Mines, AUier; studied un- 
der Dubois and Franck at the Conserva- 
toire; chef d'orchestre of the balls at 
the Opera and first chef d'orchestre at 
the municipal Casino at Royan; com- 
poser of ballets, pantomimes, and di- 
vertissements; also the vaudeville Tout- 
Paris (1891), a comic opera, Rabelais 
(1892), and the vaudeville operetta 
Les Colles des femmes (1893) ; has pub. 
about 50 light pieces for piano for 4 
hands, numerous songs, etc. 

G^NSBACHER, Johann (1778- 
1844): b. Sterzing, Tyrol, d. Vienna; 
studied under Abbe Vogler; Kapell- 
meister of the cathedral, Vienna, 1823; 
pub. church music, including 2 masses 
and 2 requiems, 3 terzettos for so- 
pranos and tenor, piano sonatas and 
trios; much church music, a symphony, 
serenades, marches, songs and piano 
music are in MS. 

GANTVOORT, Arnold Johann 
(1857- ): b. Amsterdam; taught pri- 
vately and in various colleges in the 
United States; connected with the Col- 



161 



Ganz 

lege of Music, Cincinnati, since 1894; 
pub. educational music books. 

GANZ (1) Adolf (1796-1870) : h. May- 
ence, d. London; violinist; 1819, con- 
ductor at Mayence; Kapellmeister to 
the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, 
1825. (2) Morltz (1806-1868) : b. May- 
ence, d. Berlin; 'cellist, brother of (1) ; 
first 'cellist in Berlin Court Orchestra, 
1827; composed concertos, fantasias, 
trios, duets, etc., for 'cello. (3) liCO- 
pold (1810-1869) : b. Mayence, d. Ber- 
lin; violinist, brother of (1) and (2); 
made concert tours with Moritz G. ; 
joined Berlin court orchestra, 1827; 
became concert-master, 1840; pub. duos 
for violin and 'cello. (4) fiduard 
(1827-1869): b. Mayence; pianist, di- 
rector of a Berlin music school. (5) 
Rudolph (1877- ): b. Zilrich; pian- 
ist and composer; studied in the con- 
servatories of Zurich, Lausanne and 
Strassburg; also under Busoni, Blan- 
chet and IJrban in Berlin; toured Eu- 
rope, taught in Chicago, 1901-05; has 
played with leading orchestras and mu- 
sical organizations throughout U. S. 
and Canada; has composed a sym- 
phony, concert piece for piano and 
orch., piano pieces, songs, etc. (6) Wll- 
helin (1883-1914): b. Mayence; pianist, 
studied under Eckert in Berlin and An- 
schiitz in Coblenz; professor at the 
Guildhall School of Music, London; 
conducted the Ganz Orchestral Con- 
certs in London from 1879-82, composed 
fashionable salon pieces for piano. 

GARAT, Pierre-Jean (1764-1823) : b. 
Ustaritz, Basses-Pyrenees, d. Paris; con- 
cert singer and teacher; studied singing 
under Franz Beck in Bordeaux; studied 
law at University of Paris in 1780; 
became private secretary to Count 
d'Artols; after the revolution accom- 
panied Rode to Hamburg; with him re- 
turned to Paris in 1794, where G. sang 
at the Feydeau Concerts, 1795, became 
professor of singing at the Conserva- 
toire; was the foremost singer on the 
French concert stage in every depart- 
ment of vocal music for more than 20 
years. Nourrit, Levasseur and Pon- 
chard were his pupils. 

GARAUDfi, Alexis de (1799-1852) : 
b. Nancy, d. Paris; studied theory un- 
der Cambini and Reicha, and singing 
under Crescentini and Garat; was a 
singer in the royal choir from 1808- 
30 and professor of singing in the 
Conservatoire from 1816-41 ; pub. 3 
string quintets, many ensemble pieces 
for violin, flute, clarinet and 'cello, 
sonatas and variations for piano, a 
solemn mass, solfeggi, vocalises, arias, 
duets, songs, etc.; also a Methode de 
chant (1809, op. 25; 2nd revised ed. 
as Methode compute de chant, op. 40) ; 
Solfige, ou mithode de musiqae; Mi- 
thode compute de piano; and L'har- 
monic rendue facile, ou thiorie pratique 
de cette science (1835). 

GARCIA (1) [Don] Francisco Sa- 
verlo (1731-1809): b. Nalda, d. Sara- 



Gardtner 

gossa; singing teacher and composer; 
maestro di cappella at the Cathedral 
of Saragossa; composed operas and 
oratorios. (2) Manuel del Fopolo 
Vicente (1775-1832): b. Seville, d. 
Paris; singer, teacher, composer; fa- 
mous on the operatic stage in Spain, 
France, Italy, England, Mexico and the 
United States; wrote about fifty operas, 
several ballets and a cantata, Endimion; 
teacher of his children, Marie Malibran, 
Pauline Viardot and Manuel Garcia. 
Ref.: II. 185; FV. 118f. (3) Manuel 
(1805-1906): b. Madrid, d. London; 
world-famous vocal teacher; professor 
at Paris Cons. (1847-50), subsequently 
at Royal Acad, of Music, London; stud- 
ied the functions of the vocal organs 
and invented the laryngoscope; author 
of Memoire sur la voix humaine (1840) 
and Traiti compUt de I'art du chant 
(1847) ; among his pupils were EugSnie 
Garcia, Jenny Lind, Henriette Nissen 
and Jul. Stockhausen. Ref.: V. 10, 57f; 
portrait, V. 58. (4) Marle-FMicita. 
See Malibran. 

GARCIIV, Jnles-Augnste-Salomon 
(1830-1896): b. Bourges, d. Paris; stud- 
ied at the Conservatoire, Paris; joined 
the orchestra of the OpSra, 1856, and 
became first violin, 1871; conductor of 
the Cons, concerts, 1882-92; and pro- 
fessor of violin there after 1890; com- 
posed a symphonic suite for orchestra 
and violin pieces, including a con- 
certino and a concerto. 

GARDANO (or Gardane), Antonio 
(ca. 1500-1571): d. Venice; early Ital- 
ian music printer; reprinted many cur- 
rent publications, important novelties, 
and his own compositions as Mottetti 
del Frutto (1539) and Canzoni francesi 
(1564). His heirs published under his 
name until 1650. 

GARDEL, Maximilian: ballet com- 
poser. Ref.: X. 14, 89, 91, 131, 148, 151, 
162. 

GARDEN, Mary (1877- ) : b. 
Edinburgh, but reared in America; op- 
eratic soprano; studied with Fugfere 
and Chevallier in Paris; d^but at 
Op^ra Comique in 1900 in 'Louise' 
(Charpentier), one of her most success- 
ful roles; created Marie in La Mar- 
seillaise, Diane in La Fille du Tabarin, 
etc. ; created Melisande in Pelleas et 
Melisande (Debussy) ; sang Herodiade, 
Manon, Thais in Massenet's operas, Sa- 
lome in Strauss' opera, etc., both in 
Paris and the U. S., where she appeared 
first at the Manhattan Opera House, then 
with the Chicago Opera Co. Ref.: por- 
trait, IV. 144. 

GARDINER (1) William (1770- 
1853): b. Leicester, d. there; music- 
lover who sought to improve English 
church music by adapting English 
texts to the compositions of celebrated 
masters; pub. 'Sacred Melodies' (6 
vols.) ; wrote 'The Music of Nature,' 
'Music and Friends' (1838), 'Sights in 
Italy' (1847), and translated Stendhal's 
'Life of Haydn.' (2) H. Balfoui 



162 



Gariel 

(1877- ): b. London; studied at Ox- 
fordj also with Knorr at Frankfort, was 
singing teacher in the schools of Win- 
chester for a time, then devoted him- 
self to composition, having composed a 
sym^ony in D, an orchestral fantasy, 
overture, English Dance, string quintet 
in C minor, string quartet in B, etc. 
Ref.: III. 422. 

GARIEIL., Eldaardo (1860- ) : b. 
Monterey, Mexico; studied with Mar- 
montel in Paris ; music and language 
teacher at the Normal school in Sal- 
tillo, Mexico; pub. Qhopin, la tradicion 
de sa musica, etc. (1895), Caasas de la 
decadenza del arte musical en Mexico 
(1896), and an elementary music 
method. 

GARL.ANDIA (1) Johannes de (b. 
ca. 1190): English writer; founded a 
school of music in Paris and was for 
a time on the faculty of the new Uni- 
versity of Toulouse; author of De 
musica mensurabilit pub. in Cousse- 
maker's Scriptores^ Vol. I., and a dic- 
tionary, containing much valuable in- 
formation on old instruments, pub- 
lished in the Collection de documents 
inidits de I'histoire de France, first 
series (Paris, 1837). (2) Johannes de 
(ca. 1300) : author of Introductio mu- 
sicae secundum, pub. In Coussemaker's 
Scriptores, Vol. I., and Optima intro- 
ductio in contrapunctum, the oldest 
known work on counterpoint, pub. in 
Scriptores, Vol. III. 

GARNIBR, Franeols-Joseph (1759- 
1825) : b. Lauris, Vaucluse, d. there: 
studied with Sallantin in Paris; second 
oboe at the Op^ra, 1778, first oboe, 
1786; pub. music for the oboe, con- 
certos, symphonies, duos, etc.; also a 
MithodCt pour le hautbois. 

GARRETT, George Mursell (1834- 
1897): b. Winchester, d. Cambridge; 
pupil of Elvey and Wesley, organist 
at Winchester and Madras cathedrals 
and Cambridge Univ., Mus. D. 1867, 
F. R. C. O. He became lecturer on 
harmony and counterpoint and was 
examiner in music at Cambridge Univ., 
conductor and solo pianist of St. 
John's (Doll. Musical Soc, composed an 
oratorio, 'The Shunammite' (1882) ; 
5 cantatas, 4 services, and other church 
music; part-songs, songs, organ pieces, 
etc. Ref.: VI. 493. 

GARRISON, Mabel: b. Baltimore, 
Md. ; studied at Peabody Cons, and in 
New York; d^but as soprano in Bos- 
ton, 1912; member of Abom Opera Co., 
1912-13; Metropolitan Opera Company 
since 1914. 

GARSO, SIga (1831-1915): b. Tisza 
Vesceny, Hungary, d. Vienna; studied 
in Pesth; d^but at Arad, 1854; taught in 
Bremen and wrote several books on 
singing, including Schule der speziellen 
Stlmmbildung auf der Basis des losen 
Tones (1911). 

GXRTNDR, Joseph (1796-1863) : b. 
Tachau, Bohemia, d. Prague; organ 
builder there; pub. a book on organ 



Gasperini 

building, Kurze Belehrung Uber die 
innere Einrichtung der Orgeln . . . 
(1832, 2nd ed., 1841). 

GASCUE, Francisco (1848- ): 
b. San Sebastian, Spain; student of 
Basque folk-music; pub. La misica 
popular vascongada (1906), La opera 
vascongada (1906), Ensayos de crttica 
musical (1909-10), Historia de la So- 
nata (1910) and Origen de la misica 
popular vascongada (1913) ; also essays 
in various musical journals. 

GASPARD DA SAliO. See Gasparo 

DA SaLO. 

GASPARI, Gaetano (1807-1881) : b. 
Bologna, d. there; historiographer; 
studied under B. Donelli at Liceo Musi- 
cale, 1820, took first prize in composi- 
tion in 1827 and was made honorary 
maestro in 1828; maestro di cappella at 
Cento and Imola until 1836 ; then assist- 
ant to Donelli, and after his death pro- 
fessor of solfeggio, 1840 ; librarian to the 
Liceo and professor of aesthetics, 1855 ; 
maestro di cappella at S. Petronio, 
1857-66; appointed a member of the 
Royal Deputation for historical re- 
search in Romagna, 1866; wrote Ri- 
cherche, documenti e memorie risguar- 
danti la storia dell' arte musicale in 
Bologna (1867), Ragguagli sulla capella 
musicale delta Basilica di S. Petronio 
in Bologna (1869), Memorie . . . dell' 
arte mus. in B. al XVI secolo (1875) ; 
composed masses, a Miserere in 2 parts 
with small orchestra, a 5-part Miserere 
mei Deus with organ and an Ave Maria 
for children's voices with piano. 

GASPARIWI (1) (or Gnasparlnl), 
FrBnccsco (1668-1737) : b. Camaiore, 
d. Rome; studied under Corelli and 
Pasquini in Rome; director of music at 
the Cons, della Pieti, Venice (ca. 1700) ; 
maestro di cappella at the Lateran, 
Rome, 1735; prod, about 40 operas at 
Venice, Rome, Vienna, etc. ; wrote 
masses, motets, cantatas, psalms, an 
oratorio, 'Moses,' etc. ; also a method 
of figured-bass playing, L'Armonico 
pratico al cembalo, etc. (Venice, 1683; 
7th ed., 1802). Benedetto Marcello was 
his most famous pupil. (2) Michelan- 
gelo (1685-1732): b. Lucca, d. Venice; 
contralto and composer; studied under 
Lotti; founded a famous singing school 
at Venice where Faustina Bordoni was 
his pupil; brought out 5 operas in 
Venice. 

GASPARO DA SAI.O (or Bertolottl) 
(ca. 1542-1609): b. Salo, d. Brescia(?), 
where he settled about 1563 as a maker 
of viols, violins, viole da gamba, and 
contrabass viols ; is credited with hav- 
ing modernized the form of the violin, 
giving the /-holes their present shape, 
also its graceful curve to the scroll, 
and prolonging and sharpening the 4 
comers of the bouts. His eldest son, 
Francesco, Giovan' Paolo Maggini, and 
Giacomo Lafranchlni were his pupils. 
Ref.: I. 362; VIII. 72, 73. 

GASPERINI, Goido (1865- ) : b. 
Florence; 'cello pupil of Sbolci and in 



163 



Gassmann 

composition of Tacchlnardi; student of 
musical history; gave illustrated lec- 
tures in Florence, Rome, and Parma 
(some pub., 1899) ; librarian of the 
Parma Cons, since 1902; pub. directions 
for interpreting 16th-cent. notation, a 
small Storia della Semiografta musi- 
cale (Milan, 1905), etc.; founded the 
'Assozlazione dei musicologi italiani' 
(afflllated with the Int. Mus. Soc). 

GASSMAIV]V, Florlan Leopold (1729- 
1774): b. Briix, Bohemia, d. Vienna; 
abandoned a commercial career for 
music, running away from home at 12, 
and made his way as a harper to Padre 
Martini in Bologna, who taught him 
tWo years. He entered the service of 
Count Leonardo Veneri at Venice, then 
went to the Vienna court as ballet 
composer, 1764, succeeded Reutter as 
court Kapellmeister, 1771. He founded 
the Tonkiinstler Societat (now the 
'Haydn') for the relief of the widows 
and orphans of musicians. G. com- 
posed 23 operas, orchestral and cham- 
ber works, and church music. Salieri, 
his pupil, became the teacher of his 2 
daughters, Maria Anna and Maria 
Theresla (Rosenbanm), opera singers 
of note. Ref.: II. 62; VII. 499, 503. 

GASSNE:R, Ferdinand Simon (1798- 
1851): b. Vienna, d. Karlsruhe; violin- 
ist and chorusmaster at the National 
Theatre, Mayence, 1816; Musikdirektor 
at Giessen University, 1818; Dr. phil., 
1819; chorusmaster at the Darmstadt 
Theatre after 1826; ed. the musical 
journals, Musikalischer Hausfreund, 
1822-35, Zeitschrift fur Deutschlands 
Masikvereine und Dilettanten; pub. 
Partiturkenntniss . . . (1838, French 
ed., 1871), Dirigent und Ripienist 
(1846), and a Universallexikon der 
Tonkunst (1849) ; also composed 2 op- 
eras, ballets, songs, etc. 

GAST, Peter. See Koselitz. 

GASTINEL, liSon-Gtistavc-Cyprien 
(1823-1906) : b. Villers, d. Paris ; studied 
under Halevy at the Conservatoire ; took 
first grand prix de Rome for his can- 
tata Velasquez in 1846; prod. Le Miroir 
(1853), L'Opira aux fetiches (1857), 
Titus et Berenice (1860), Le buisson 
vert (1861), Le Barde (Nice, 1896), and 
the ballet Le reve (Grand Op^ra, 1890) ; 
has also written 3 operas not produced; 
also 4 oratorios and 3 solemn masses, 
orchestral compositions, chamber mu- 
sic, choruses, etc. 

GASTOIiDI, Gio-vanni Giacomo (ca. 
1556-1622) : b. Caravaggio, d. Mi- 
]an(?); was maestro di cappella at 
Mantua and Milan. Composed canzoni, 
canzonetti, madrigals, masses, psalms, 
vespers, balletti concerti, etc., published 
1581-1611. Ref.: V. 153; VII. 377. 

GATES, Bernard (ca. 1685-1773) : d. 
North Acton; English singer and com- 
poser. 

GASTOTJfi, AmSdee (1873- ): b. 
Paris; studied with Deslandres, Lavlg- 
nac, Guilmant and Magnard; edited 
Revue du Chant Grigorien. (1896-1905), 



164 



GancUo Mell 

Tribune de St. Gervais since 1904; pro- 
fessor of Gregorian Chant at Schola 
Cantorum since 1896; music critic of 
La Semaine Lltliraire since 1905; di- 
rected a series of llth-14th cent, works, 
Primitifs de la Musique Franfaise, 
1914; organist and maitre de chapelle 
at St. Jean-Baptiste-de-BellevUle ; re- 
cipient of many honors in France and 
elsewhere; composed Missa Paschalis; 
Messe brive. Petite Messe, Messe Solen- 
nelle, the cantata Au Christ Ridemp- 
teurt Jeanne d'Arc, incidental music, 
motets and organ works; wrote His- 
toire du chant liturgique a Paris (vol. 
I, 1905), Les origines du chant . . . 
(1907), a catalogue of musical MSS. in 
the libraries of France (1907), a new 
method of Gregorian chant (1908), 
L'Art grigorien (1911), La musique de 
Viglise (1911), Le Graduel et I'Anti- 
phonatre romains (1913). 

GAT A YES (1) Guillaume-Pierre- 
Antoine (1774-1846) : b. Paris, d. 
there; pub. music for guitar, solo and 
with other instruments; wrote meth- 
ods for guitar and one for harp. (2) 
Josepli-LSon (1805-1877) : b. Paris, d. 
there; son of (1) ; harpist and com- 
poser for the harp; music critic for 
Parisian journals. (3) FSlix (1809-?) : 
b. Paris; son of (1); pianist and com- 
poser of symphonies ; overtures and 
military music for orchestra; toured 
Europe, America and Australia. 

GATTI-CASAZZA, Giulio (1869-) : 
b. Ferrara, Italy; operatic impresario; 
manager of La Scala, Milan, till 1908; 
then of the Metropolitan Opera House, 
New York; married Frances Alda, so- 
prano (q. v.). 

GATTY (1) Sir Alfred Scott 
(1847- ) : b. Ecclesfleld, Yorkshire; 
composed 2 operettas, 'Sandford and 
Merton's Christmas Party' (1880) and 
'Not at Home' (1886) ; musical plays, 
*Rumpelstiltkin,' *The Goose Girl' and 
'The Three Bears,' also several vol- 
umes of children's songs and piano 
pieces. (2) Nicliolas Comyn (1874-) : 
b. Bradfleld; Mus. B., Cambridge, 1898; 
music critic for 'Pall Mall Gazette,* 
1907-14, assistant conductor at Covent 
Garden; wrote the operas 'Greysteel* 
(1906), 'Duke or Devil' (1909), 'The 
Tempest,' orchestral pieces, piano con- 
certo, instrumental music and cho- 
ruses. 

[dnj GAUCQ,TJIER, Alard (correct 
name Dnnoyer, also Latinized to IVn- 
ceus) (16th cent.) : b. Lille; tenor, 
then Vice-Kapellmeister in the Vienna 
court chapel, 1564-76, Kapellmeister to 
Duke (later Emperor) Matthias; com- 
poser of Magnificat 4-6 voc. (1574), 
Quatuor missae 5, 6-8 vocum (1581), 
and other church music. 

GAUDBNTIOS: Greek writer, 1652. 

GATJDIO MBLIi (16th cent.) : teach- 
er of Palestrina. According to Pitoni 
he was maestro to the King of Portugal, 
and went to Rome in 1580 to take ad- 
vantage of the fame gained by his pu- 



Gaul 

pil; there he Is supposed to have 
founded a music school; the confusion 
of his name with Goudlmel, according 
to Rlemann, has created the legend that 
the latter was Palestrina's teacher and 
founder of the famous music school in 
Rome. 

GAUL, Alfred Robert (1837-1913) : 
b. Norwich, Eng., d. Edgebaston; stud- 
led under Dr. Buck; was organist at 
Fakenham, Birmingham, and Edgebas- 
ton; graduated (1863) as Mus. Bac, Can- 
tab.; conductor of the Walsall Phil- 
harmonic in 1887; teacher and conduc- 
tor at the Birmingham and Midland 
Inst., and teacher at King Edward's 
High School for Girls and at the Blind 
Asylum; wrote an oratorio, 'Hezekiah' 
(1861); several cantatas, including 
'Ruth' and 'The Holy City'; passion 
music; the 96th Psalm; an ode, 'A 
Song of Life' ; glees, vocal trios and 
duets, songs and part-songs, etc. 

GAUI/TIBR (1) Jacqnes, Sieur de 
Neue, called le vieux or I'ancien (ca. 
1600-ca. 1670) : b. Lyons, d. Paris ; lute 
virtuoso at the English court and at 
Paris. (2) Denis (called le jeune or 
Villustre) (between 1600 and 1610-1672) : 
b. Marseilles, d. Paris; cousin of (1), 
celebrated lute, virtuoso and composer 
for the lute. His Piices de luth and 
Livre de tablature were printed, the 
former in 1660, the latter by his widow 
and cousin. No copies are preserved, 
but several manuscript collections have 
been found. G. and his cousin estab- 
lished a lute school at Paris, and 
among their pupils were Mouton, du 
Faux, Gallot, and du But. (3) Pierre 
(17th cent.) : lute composer, issued 
suites for lute, 1638. (4) Unnemond 
(1635-ca. 1680) : Royal chamber lutenist 
in Paris; pub. two books of pieces in 
lute tablature. (5) Pierre (1642-1697) : 
b. Cioutat, Provence, d. at sea; he 
bought from LuUy the patent for an 
operatic enterprise at Marseilles, where 
he performed an opera of his own, 
1687. (6) Aloysins fidonard Camllle, 
Abbot (1755-1818) : b. Italy, d. Paris. 
He originated a new method for musi- 
cal elementary teaching and described it 
in his Moments de musique, etc. (1789), 
an 18th cent, forerunner of modem 
kindergarten methods. 

GAUJVTLETT, Henry John (1805- 
1876) : b. Wellington, Shropshire; d. Lon- 
don; by profession a lawyer but also 
organist in several churches and Mus. 
Doc, Lambeth, 1843. Together with 
the organ-builder, William Hill, he was 
instrumental in introducing the C or- 
gan, instead of the earlier F and G 
organs, into England. He published 
many anthems, hymns, songs, glees, 
and organ pieces, also some compila- 
tions of church music. Ref.: VI. 407. 

GAUTHIER, Gabriel (1808-[?]): 
b. Dept. of Sa6ne-et-Lolre, France; 
studied at the Institute for the Blind, 
Paris, 1818, where he was instructor, 
1827-40; organist of St. £tienne-du- 



Gavronski 

Mont; pub. Rdpertoire des mattres de 
chapelle (1842-5), Le mecanisme de la 
composition, instmmentale and Consid- 
irations sur la question de la riforme 
da plain chant . . . (1843). 

GAUTHIERS - VILliARS, Henri 
(called Willy) (1859- ) : b. Vllliers- 
sur-Orge, France; music critic for vari- 
ous Paris papers; pub. several volumes 
of his criticisms, Lettres de I'ottvreuse, 
Bains de sons, Rgthmes et rires. La 
mouche de creches, Entre deux airs, 

GAUTIER (1) Jean-Francois En- 
g6ne (1822-1878): b. Vaugirard, near 
Paris, d. Paris; studied violin under 
Habeneck and composition under Ha- 
l^vy in the Paris Cons.; became second 
conductor at the Theatre National 
(later the Theatre Lyrique), 1848; pro- 
fessor of harmony at the Conservatoire, 
1864, which subject he later combined 
with history. He also wrote many cri- 
tiques for the Paris journals; was musi- 
cal director at the Church of St. Eugfene. 
Among his works are a number of 
comic operas which were produced at 
the Theatre Lyrique and at the Op^ra 
Comique; an oratorio, 'The Death of 
Jesus,' an Ave Maria, a cantata, etc. 
(2) Theophlle (1811-1872) : b. Tarbes, 
d. Paris; prominent writer, author of 
the romance Mademoiselle de Maupin 
and many years dramatic editor of La 
Presse and the Moniteur universal. 
Also published Les beautis de Vopira 
(1845); Souvenirs du thidtre (1883), the 
latter work treating in detail of vari- 
ous famous musicians. Ref.: X. 152, 
158, (quoted) 157. 

GAVEATJX, Pierre (1761-1825): b. 
Bfeiers, d. Paris; studied under Franz 
Beck at Bordeaux; was tenor at the 
church of Saint-Severin; opera singer 
at Bordeaux, Montpellier, and in the 
Opira Comique, Paris, 1789; composed 
33 operas, chiefly for the Theatre Fey- 
deau. 

GAVINIfiS, Pierre (1726-1800): b. 
Bordeaux, d. Paris; violin virtuoso. 
He was mostly self-taught, following 
the style of the old Italian masters. 
He first appeared at the Concerts Spir- 
ituels (1741), which he established In 
conjunction with Gossec. In 1795 he 
became violin professor at the Con- 
servatoire, where he had numerous dis- 
tinguished pupils. In France he is con- 
sidered the founder of the French school 
of violin playing. Besides 6 concertos, 
9 sonatas, 24 Matindes (studies in all 
the keys), and the celebrated Romance 
de Gaviniis he wrote a comic opera, 
Le pritendu (prod. 1760). Ref.: VII. 
408f. 

GAVRONSKI, Voitech (1868- ) : 
b. Seimony, near Vilna; studied at War- 
saw Musical Institute, later Berlin and 
Vienna; orchestral conductor in Vilna; 
concertized in Russia; founded a music 
school in Orel, then settled in War- 
saw; composed a symphony, 3 string 
quartets (one received the Paderewski 



165 



Gay 

prize, 1898), 2 operas, piano pieces, 
songs. 

GAY (1) John (18th cent.): English 
•writer, author of the text of the 'Beg- 
gar's Opera.' Be/.: IX. 74, 79. (2) 
Maria (1879- ): b. Barcelona; 
dramatic contralto; made her de- 
but as Carmen, Brussels, 1902; toured 
Europe, sang at the Metropolitan Op- 
era House, New York, 1908-9, with the 
Boston Opera Company, 1910-12, and 
with the Chicago Opera Company since 
1913. 

GAYNOR, Jessie: contemp. Ameri- 
can composer of songs, etc., 6 oper- 
ettas (4 w. Bedle). Ref.: IV. 355. 

GAZTAMBIDE Cy Garbayo], Joa- 
qulm (1822-1870) : b. Tudela, Navarra, 
d. Madrid; studied at Madrid Conserva- 
tory ; conductor and one of the founders 
of the 'Concert Society,' also honoirary 
professor at the Conservatory; wrote 
40 zarzuelas (operettas). A younger 
relation, Xavler G., has composed zar- 

GAZZANIGA, Giuseppe (1743-1819) : 
b. Verona, d. Crema; studied at Na- 
ples; prod, his first opera, II ftnto cieco, 
in Venice, 1770; maestro di cappella of 
Crema cathedral, 1791; composed in all 
33 operas, 4 oratorios, and much 
church music. 

GEBATJER (1) michel Joseph (1763- 
1812) : b. La Fere, Aisne, d. during the 
retreat from Moscow; oboist in the 
Royal Swiss Guard, 1777; oboist in 
the Garde Nationale, 1791; professor 
at the Conservatoire; bandmaster of 
the Garde des Consuls, and later of 
the Imperial Guard; wrote more than 
200 marches for band; pub. many duets 
for 2 violins, violin and viola, for 2 
flutes, for flute and horn, flute and 
bassoon, etc.; also quartets for flute, 
clarinet, horn, and bassoon. (2) Fran- 
Cois-Ren§ (1773-1845) : b. Versailles, 
d. Paris; bassonist; studied under his 
brother Michel and Devienne; profes- 
sor of bassoon at Conservatoire, 1796- 
1802 and after 1825; member of Opera 
orchestra, 1801-26; composed quintets, 
quartets, trios, duets, sonatas, etudes 
and symphonies concertantes for wind 
instruments,, also overtures, military 
marches and pot-pourris ; wrote a 
method for bassoon. (3) i&tienne- 
Frantjols (1777-1823) : b. Versailles, d. 
Paris ; flutist ; studied mider his brother 
Michel and Hugot; flutist in the Op^ra 
Comique orchestra, 1801-22; composed 
more than 100 flute solos, flute duets, 
sonatas for flute and bass, exercises for 
flute, airs varies for clarinet, etc. (4) 
Plerre-Panl (1775-[?1): b. Versailles; 
died young; pub. 20 horn duets. (5) 
Fraaz Xaver (1784-1822) : b. Eckers- 
dorf, n. Glatz, d. Vienna; choirmaster 
at the Augustiner Hofpfarrkirche, 
Vienna, 1816; founded the celebrated 
Concerts spirituels, was their first con- 
ductor; also a member of the Gesell- 
schaft der Muslkf reunde ; was a friend 
of Beethoven; pub. songs and part- 



166 



Gebhard 

songs. (6) Johann Christian (1808- 
1884) : b. Copenhagen, d. there ; pupil of 
Kuhlau, later Weyse and J. P. E. Hart- 
mann; organist at Copenhagen; teacher 
of piano and theory at the Cons., pub. 
a piano method, other educational piano 
works; composed songs, sacred choral 
songs, children's songs, etc., and trans- 
lated Richter's Harmony into Danish. 

GFBEL (1) Georgr (Sr.) (1685-1750) : 
b. Breslau, d. there; studied under 
Winkler and Krause; organist at Brieg, 
1709, and at Breslau, 1713; invented a 
clavichord with quarter-tones, also a 
clavicymbalum with a pedal keyboard; 
composed many unpublished pieces, in- 
cluding a passion oratorio, cantatas, 
masses, psalms, canons up to 30 parts, 
organ pieces, clavichord music, etc. 
(2) GeoTg (Jr.) (1709-1753): b. Brieg, 
Silesia, d. Rudolstadt; studied with his 
father; second organist at St. Maria 
Magdalene, Breslau, and Kapellmeister 
to the Duke of ols, 1729; joined Count 
Briihl's orchestra at Dresden, 1735; 
Kapellmeister to the Prince of Schwarz- 
burg-Rudolstadt, 1747; wrote 12 operas, 
2 passions, 2 Christmas cantatas, sets 
of cantatas for several ears, more than 
100 orchestra symphonieSj partitas, 
concertos, and a great variety of in- 
strumental and vocal music. (3) 
Georg Sig-ismnnd ([?]-1775): d. 
Breslau; organist of the Elisaheth- 
kirche; composed preludes and fugues 
for organ. (4) Franz Xaver (1787- 
1843) : b. Filrstenau, n. Breslau, d. Mos- 
cow; studied under Albrechtsberger and 
Abbe Vogler; Kapellmeister at Leo- 
poldstadt Theatre, Vienna, in 1810; later 
at theatres in Pesth and Lemberg ; piano 
teacher in Moscow, 1817-43; composed 
operas, a mass, 4 symphonies, over- 
tures, string quintets and quartets, 
many piano pieces, etc. 

GieDAIiGF, Andrg (1856- ) : b. 

Paris; studied under Guiraud at the 
Conservatoire, 1884; took the second 
grand prix de Rome in 1885, prlx Cres- 
sent in 1895 with the lyric drama Hi- 
Idne; composed music to Carry's panto- 
mime Le petit Savogard (Paris, 1891) ; 
Yaux de Vire for solo, chorus and or- 
chestra (1895) ; a 1-act op^ra boufle, 
Pris au piege (Paris, 1895) ; 2 sympho- 
nies, several orchestra suites, a string 
quartet, piano pieces, etc.; author of 
Traite de la fugue (1901 el seq.), Les 
glotres musicales du monde (1898). 

GEAR, George Prederieli (1857-) : 
b. London; studied at the London 
Academy of Music and became profes- 
sor there; musical director of the Ger- 
man Reed Company, 1876-92; composed 
instrumental music, piano sonatas, 
songs, and the opereltas, 'A Water-Cure' 
and 'Hobbies.' 

GERHARD, Helnrich (1878- ): 
b. Sobernheim, Germany; studied with 
Clayton Johns in Boston and Leschetiz- 
ky in Vienna; made his d^ut as pian- 
ist with the Boston Symphony Orches- 
tra, 1900; wrote a string quartet, a 



Gebhardi 

sonata for piano and violin, and other 
works for the piano. 

GBBHARDI, liudwig SJrnst (1787- 
1862): b. Nottleben, Tliuringia, d. Er- 
furt; organist and teacher at Erfurt 
Seminary; pub. several collections of 
organ pieces, school songs, a Choral- 
buch, a method for organ and 'Method 
of Thoroughbass' (4 vols., 1828-35). 

GEDEONOPF' (19th cent.) : Russian 
ballet-master. Ref.: X. 181. 

GEHE], Ddnard: author of the text 
of Spohr's Jessonda. Ref.: IX. 211. 

GEHRING, Frnnz (1838-1884) : d. 
Penzing, n. Vienna; lecturer on mathe- 
matics at Vienna University; wrote Mo- 
zart's biography for Hueffer's 'Great 
Musicians'; also several articles for 
Grove's 'Dictionary.' 

GEIBEIi (1) Emmanuel (1815- 
1885): German poet. Ref.: V. 330f; VI. 
198, 222. (2) Adam (1855- ): b. 
Neuenheim; studied at the Pennsyl- 
vania Institute for the Blind and with 
Dr. D. D. Wood of Philadelphia; or- 
ganist of the Stetson Mission since 
1885; established a music publishing 
firm, 1897; president of the Adam 
Geibel Music Co. since 1906; Mus. D., 
1911; vprote cantatas, pieces for organ 
and piano, songs, etc. 

GEIJER, Erik Gnstaf (1783-1847) : 
b. Ransatter, Wermeland; d. Upsala; 
professor at Upsala Univ.; musical ed- 
itor of a collection of Swedish folk- 
songs, Svenska Folkvisor (3 vols., 
1814-6, 2nd ed., 1846) ; pub. with Lind- 
blad a collection of modem Swedish 
songs, also original songs of like char- 

GEISIiER (1) Johann Gottlieb 

([?]-1827): d. Zittau; author of Be- 
schreibung und Oreschichte der neiies- 
ten und vorzuglichsten Instrumente 
und Kunstwerke filr Liebhaber und 
Kunstler (1792-1800, in 12 parts) which 
contains a description of the Bogen- 
klavier. (2) Paul (1856- ): b. Stolp, 
Pomerania; dramatic composer; studied 
under his grandfather; musical director 
at Mecklenburg, and Konstantin Decker; 
chorus-master at the Leipzig City Thea- 
tre, with Angelo Neumann's Wagner 
troupe, 1881-82; Kapellmeister at Bremen 
(under Seidl), 1883-85; has composed 
the operas Ingeborg (Bremen, 1884), 
Hertha (Hamburg, 1891), Die Bitter 
von Marienburg (Hamburg, 1891), Palm 
(Liibeck, 1893), and Wir Siegen (1 act, 
Posen, 1898) ; music to the dramas 
SchiffbTiXchig and Unser taglich Brod 
gieb uns heute (both Hamburg, 1890) ; 
the symphonic poems Der Rattenfdnger 
von Hameln (1880; score published). 
Till Eulenspiegel, Mira, Maria Magda- 
lena, Heinrieh von Ofterdingen, Ekke- 
hard, Beowulf, Der Hidalgo, Walpurg- 
isnacht. Am Meere, Der wilde Jdger, 
Der neue Tannhduser ; 2 cycles for soli, 
chorus and orchestra, Sansara and Gol- 
gotha; orchestral episodes; songs, etc. 
GEISSLER (1) Karl (1802-1869) : b. 
Mulda, Saxony, d. Bad Elster; Musik' 



Genast 

direktor and teacher in the latter city; 
composer of piano studies, organ pieces, 
songs, choruses, etc.; edited chorale 
books and collections of organ pieces. 
(2) Friedrlch (1868- ) : b. Dohlen, 
near Dresden; studied at Freiburg and 
Leipzig; music critic in Leipzig and 
Bromberg; music critic in Dresden since 
1896; has pub. a number of dramatic 
poems. 

GEISTIIVGER, Maria Charlotte 
Ciiellia (1836-1903) : b. Graz, Styrla, d. 
Rastenfeld; soprano; sang in Vienna, 
Prague, Leipzig, Berlin and in New 
York in 1897. 

GELINEK (1) Herman Anton 
(Cervetti) (1709-1779) : b. Horzenio- 
wecs, Bohemia, d. Maitland ; was a monk 
in a monastery in Seelau, left it and 
gained wide reputation as a violinist; 
to hide his identity in Italy he as- 
sumed the name of Cervettl. Among 
his w^orks are violin concertos and so- 
natas. (2) Joseph, Abb* (1758-1825) : 
b. Selcz, Bohemia, d. Vienna; became 
piano teacher in the family of Count 
Kiusky on Mozart's recommendation. 
He wrote a vast number of variations, 
fantasias, etc., on popular themes, bril- 
liant, but of slight artistic merit, also 
chamber music (trios, sonatas for vio- 
lin, piano, etc.), mostly published in 
Vienna, whither he accompanied his 
patron. Ref.: 11. 161f; VII. 182. 

GEIiliERT, Christian Fiirchtegott: 
German poet. Bef.: H. 49, 275. 

GEIiTZER: Russian ballet dancer. 
Ref.: X. 185. 

GEMINIANI, Francesco (ca. 1680- 
1762): b. Lucca, d. Dublin; pupil of 
Scarlatti, Corelli, and Lunati (il Gob- 
bo). He went to London In 1714, where 
he is said to have introduced a simpli- 
fied system of violin playing. He pub. 
the 'Art of Playing the Violin' (1740; 
2nd ed., entitled 'The Entire New and 
Complete Tutor for the Violin, etc.'), 
the earliest known violin method, which 
was translated into German and French. 
He also wrote methods for the harpsi- 
chord and the guitar; a 'harmonic 
guide' (1742, supplement later), treat- 
ises on accompanying, 'Good Taste,' 
'Memory,' etc. He composed for the 
violin 12 solos (1716), 18 concertos 
(1735, 1741, 1758), 12 solos (1739), 12 
sonatas (1758), also 12 string trios and 
6 solos for 'cello. Arrangements of the 
sonatas Nos. 1, 2 and 7, and some 
piano pieces were reprinted. Ref.: II. 
51; VII. 401, 430f, 482. 

GEMttNDER, August (1814-1895) : 
b. Ingelflnge, Germany, d. New York; 
famous violin maker; established a 
business in Springfield, Mass., 1846; 
moved to New York in 1860, where his 
four sons, August, Rudolf, Charles 
and Oscar, kept up the firm as 
'August Gemijnder and Sons.' 

GENAST, Eduard Franz (1797- 
1866): b. Weimar, d. Wiesbaden; made 
his debut as operatic baritone, Weimar, 
1814; director of Magdeburg Theatre, 



167 



Gen^e 

1828, and at the court theatre, Weimar, 
after 1829; wrote the operas. Die Son- 
nenmanner (1828) and Die Verrdther 
auf den. Alpen (1833), also pub. his 
memoirs in 4 vols, as Aus deiti Tage- 
buch eines alien Schaaspielers (1862-6). 
His daughters, Doris (1826-1912) and 
Kmllie (1833-1905), became famous, 
the former as an actress, the latter as 
a singer. 

GENfiE (1) TFranz Friedrich] Rich- 
ard (1823-1895) : b. Danzig, d. Baden, 
n. Vienna ; opera composer ; studied under 
Stahlknecht at Berlin; theatre Kapell- 
meister at Reval, Riga, Cologne, Aix-la- 
Chapelle, Diisseldorf, Danzig, Mayence, 
Schwerin, Amsterdam, and Prague, 
1848-67; Kapellmeister at the Theater 
an der Wien, Vienna, 1868-78; wrote 
libretti for Strauss, Suppe, and Mil- 
locker, as well as some of his own; 
composed the operettas Der Geiger aus 
Tirol (1857), Der Musikfeind, Die Gen- 
eralprobe, Rosita, Der schwarze Prinz, 
Am Runenstein (with von Flotow, 
1868), Der Seekadett (1876), Nanon, Im 
Wunderlande der Pgramiden, Die letz- 
ten Mohikaner, Nisida, Roslna, Zwil- 
linge, Die Piraten, Die Dreizehn (1887). 
(2) Adeline: contemporary Danish 
ballet dancer. Ref.: X. 151, 167; por- 
trait, X. 168. 

GENERALiI, Pietro (correctly Mer- 
candetti) (1782-1832) : b. Masserano, 
Piedmont, d. Novara; studied under 
G. Massi at Rome; prod, his first opera, 
Gli amanti ridicoli, there, 1802, followed 
by 50 more in the chief Italian cities, 
Lisbon, etc. / baccanall di Roma 
(Venice, 1815) is considered the best. 
G. was conductor in Barcelona; then 
maestro di cappella at Novara cath., 
where he wrote an oratorio, 11 voto di 
Jefte, 1827, masses, psalms, etc. Ref.: 
IX. 133. 

GENET (called Carpentras), Ele- 
azar (ca. 1475-1532) : b. Carpentras, 
Vancluse, d. Avignon; Papal singer; 
composer of 4-part masses and other 
church music, printed in round notes 
and as choir book (without ligatures). 

GENSS, Hermann (1856- ) : b. 
Tilsit; studied at the Royal Hochschule 
fiir Musik, Berlin; taught at Liibeck, 
Hamburg and the SondershaUsen Cons.; 
director of the Schumacher Cons., 
Mayence, 1891; co-director of the 
Scharwenka-Klindworth Cons., Berlin, 
1893; professor at the Irving Institute, 
San Francisco, 1899, and director there 
since 1905; prod, an opera, Hunold, der 
Splelmann (1914) ; wrote chamber mu- 
sic, orchestral works and songs. 

GEORGES, Alexandre (1850- ) : 

b. Arras, France ; studied at the Nieder- 
meyer School, Paris, and became pro- 
fessor there; composed the operas, Le 
Printemps (1890), Poimes d'am^our 
(1892), Charlotte Corday (1901), Uiarka 
(1905), Myrrha (1909), Sajigre y Sol 
(1912), incidental music and songs. 

G£RARD, Henri-Philippe (1763- 
1848) : b. Liege, d. Versailles; studied 



Gerhardt 

in Rome; taught singing in the Con- 
servatoire, Paris, after 1795 ; pub. a 
Mithode de chant (1819) and a treatise 
on harmony in support of Rameau's 
theory (1833). 

GfiRARDY, Jean (1877- ) : b. 
Liege, son of Dieubonne G., professor 
at the Conservatory (1848-1900) ; studied 
with R. Bellmann at LiAge Cons.; 'cello 
virtuoso of international renown ; toured 
Europe and America frequently. Ref.: 
portrait, VU. 596. 

GERBACH (1) Josepb (1787-1830): 
b. Sackingen, Baden, d. Karlsruhe; 
teacher at the Teachers' Seminary 
there; pub. school songs and Reihen- 
lehre . . . (1832). (2) Anton (1801- 
1848) : b. Sackingen, d. Karlsruhe; 
brother of (1) and his successor at the 
Seminary; pub. a piano method, songs, 
quartets, and a Tonlehre. 

GERBER (1) Helnrlch Nikolans 
(1702-1775) : b. Wenigen-Ehrich, near 
Sondershausen, d. Sondershausen. He 
studied the organ with J. S. Bach, while 
studying law at Leipzig, 1724-27; be- 
came organist at Heringen, 1728, and to 
the court at Sondershausen, 17.S1. He 
wrote much organ music and pieces for 
clavichord and pianoforte ; also invented 
improvements in the organ and a xylo- 
phone with keyboard. (2) Ernat Lud- 
Tvig (1746-1819) : b. Sondershausen, d. 
there; son and pupil of (1); studied 
law and music in Leipzig, learned 
'cello and organ, then assisted, and in 
1775 succeeded his father as organ- 
ist. His fame rests on his Historisch- 
biographisches Lexikon der TonkHnst- 
ler (Leipzig, 2 vols., 1790-92) which 
was based on a collection of portraits 
collected on his travels and such mea- 
gre material as his local library and 
his publisher, Breitkopf, yielded. The 
supplementary edition, Neues hist.- 
biogr. Lexikon der Tonkiinstler, con- 
tained many corrections and additions 
sent him from everywhere. Both works 
became valuable sources of material 
for more recent historians. G. com- 
posed sonatas for piano, choral prel- 
udes for organ, and music for wind 
instr. His large library was acquired 
by the Vienna Gesellschaft der Musik- 
freunde. Ref.: (cited) VII. 383. 

GERBERT t'i'on Hornan], Martin 
(1720-1793) : b. Horb-on-Neckar, d. St.- 
Blaise. He studied in the Benedictine 
monastery at St.-Blaise, joined the or- 
der, 1736, and became successively 
priest, professor of theology and prince- 
abbot. He pub. at least one work of 
lasting value on music, Scripfores ec- 
clesiastici de musica sacra potissimum 
(1784), a collection of treatises by me- 
diaeval writers of note, with the mis- 
takes contained in their originals. His 
other writings deal with the liturgy. 
Ref.: I. 142; H. 67. 

GERHARDT (1) Panl (1607-1676) : 
b. Grafenhalnichen, Saxony, d. Lilbben; 
Protestant church hymn writer; con- 
sidered the most eminent next to 



168 



Gericke 

Luther; was deacon of St. Nicholas', 
Berlin, 1657-66, and from 1676 arch- 
deacon In Liibben; poet of 'O Haupt 
voll Blut and Wunden,' 'Nun ruhen alle 
Wdlder,' etc. (2) Paul (1867- ) : b. 
Leipzig, pupil of the Cons, there, or- 
ganist in Leipzig and Zwickan; com- 
poser of organ pieces, sacred and secu- 
lar songs, choral works, etc. (3) ISlena 
(1883- ) : b. Leipzig; studied at the 
Leipzig Cons.; made her d^but as con- 
tralto, Leipzig, 1903, with A. Nikisch 
as accompanist; engaged for the Leip- 
zig Opera where she appeared in 16 per- 
formances of Werther; but abandoned 
the stage for the concert platform, on 
which she has been eminently success- 
ful; toured America every season since 
1912 as lieder singer (soprano) ; also 
successful in oratorio. Ref.: portrait, 
V. 364. 

6E:RICKE:, WUhelm (1845- ) : b. 
Schwanberg (Styria) ; pupil of Dess- 
ofF; Kapellmeister, Vienna Hofoper, 
1874; conductor Boston Symphony, 
1884-89 and 1898-1908, spending the in- 
terim in Vienna (where he conducted 
the Gesellschaftskonzerte) and Dresden. 
He composed an operetta, a Requiem, 
concert overture, chamber music, songs, 
etc. (MS.). Ref.: IV. 190f. 

GERLACH (1) DietTlch (16th cent.) : 
music printer in Nuremberg, associated 
with tJlrich Neuber 1566-71, working 
independently till his death, 1575, when 
the business was continued by his wid- 
ow till 1592. (2) Theodor (1861- ) : 
b. Dresden; theatre Kapellmeister in 
various German cities; director of a 
musical training institute at Carlsruhe; 
composer of songs (some 'spoken'), 
chamber music serenade for string or- 
chestra, organ sonata. Lob der Masica 
(Luther), for chorus and orchestra, pa- 
triotic songs for men's chorus, inci- 
dental music, and an opera Matteo Fal- 
cone (Hanover, 1898), also 2 'spoken 
operas.' 

GERIiS (1) Conrad (d. 1521): cele- 
brated Nuremberg lute-maker in 1469. 
(2) Hans (d. Nuremberg, 1570) : prob- 
ably son of (1) ; known as early as 
1523 as violinist and maker of violins 
and lutes. He wrote Lauten-Parthien 
in der Tabulatur (1530) ; Musica Teusch 
auf die Instrument der grossen und 
kleynen Geygen auch Lautten, etc. 
(1532) ; Musica und Tabulatur, auff die 
Instrument , , . gemert mit 9 teutscber 
und 38 welscher auch Frantzosischer 
Liedern und 2 Mudeten, etc. (2nd ed. 
to the former, 1546), Musica Teusch 
under Theil (1533), and Ein newes sehr 
kiinstliches Lautenbuch, darinen etliche 
Preambel und welsche Tentz, mit vier 
Stimmen, etc. (1552). Ref.: VIL 374. 

GERMAN, Edward (1862- ) : b. 
Whitchurch, Shropshire; composer; 
studied at Royal Acad, of Music; be- 
came musical director of the Globe 
Theatre, 1889, conductor of concerts at 
the Crystal Palace, etc. He "wrote op- 
eras and operettas ('The Rival Poets,' 



169 



Gerviniis 

1886; 'The Emerald Isle' [with Sulli- 
van], 1901; 'Merrie England,' 1902; 'The 
Princess of Kensington,' 1903; 'Tom 
Jones,' 1907; 'Fallen Fairies,' 1909) ; also 

1 symphonic poem, symphonic suites, 

2 symphonies, marches, etc., for orch. ; 
incidental music to Shakespearean and 
other plays ('Henry VIII,' 'As You Like 
It,' etc.) and many songs. Ref.: III. 
425, i26, 432. 

GERMER, Beinricli (1837-1913) : b. 
Sommersdorf, Saxony, d. Dresden; 
studied at the Berlin Akademie; taught 
piano in Dresden; wrote Die Technik 
des Clavierspiels (1877), Die Musikal- 
ische Ornamentik, Rhgthmische Prob- 
leme, Wie spielt man Klavier? and a 
piano method; also edited the piano 
sonatas of Mozart and Beethoven and 
studies from Czemy. 

GERNSHEIM, Friedrlcb (1839-) : 
b. Worms; pianist; studied at Leipzig 
Cons, and Paris; Musikdirektor at 
Saarbriicken Cons.; teacher at Cologne, 
1865-74 (ducal professor, 1872) ; con- 
ductor of the Maatschappij concerts at 
Rotterdam, 1874; teacher at the Stern 
Cons., Berlin, 1890-97; and conductor 
of the Stern Gesangverein to 1904, also 
of the Eruditio musica of Rotterdam 
from 1897; member of the senate of 
the Berlin Royal Academy, and head 
of an academic master-school for com- 
position. G. wrote 4 symphonies, 
overtures, piano concerto, 2 violin con- 
certos, 'cello concerto, choral works 
(Salamis, Wdchterlied an der Neujahrs- 
nacht 1200, Odins Meeresritt, and Das 
Grab in Busento for male chorus and 
orchestra ; Nordische Sommernacht, 
Preislied, Der Nornen Wiegenlied, Pho- 
bus Apollo and Agrippina for mixed 
chorus and orchestra; some with solos), 
and especially chamber music, 3 piano 
quartets, 2 piai^o quintets, trios, 3 vio- 
lin sonatas, 2 'cello sonatas, 4 string 
quartets and 1 string quartet. Ref. III. 
209f; VH. 321, 324, 466; VIIL 251. 

GERSTER, Etelka (Mme. Gardinl- 
Gerster) (1855- ) : b. Kaschau, Hun- 
gary; coloratura soprano; pupil of 
Marchesi at the Vienna Cons., made 
d^but at Venice, 1876, as Gilda in Rigo- 
letto; sang at Marseilles, Genoa, and 
Kroll's, Berlin, and subsequently all 
through Europe and (1878, 1883, 1887) 
in the U. S. Since 1896 she has taught 
in Berlin and for a time in New York. 
Ref.: IV. 137, 160. 

GERVILL.E-R£ACHE, Jeanne: con- 
temp, operatic mezzo-soprano In Europe 
and America. Sang leading roles in 
Manhattan Opera House, New York. 
Ref.: IV. 152. 

GERVIIVUS, Georg Gottfried (1805- 
1871) : b. Darmstadt, d. Heidelberg; 
historian and man of letters; was a 
founder of the Leipzig Handel-Verein ; 
wrote Handel und Shakespeare. Zur 
Asthetik der Tonkiinst (1868). A se- 
lection of songs from Handel's ora- 
torios and operas, called Naturgemdsse 
Ausbildung in Gesang und Klavierspiel, 



Gesius 

■was published by his wife, Victoria, 
in 1892. 

GBSIUS (or Goss), Bartholomans 

(ca. 1555-1613) : b. Miincheberg, near 
Franlifort-on-Oder, d. Frankfort-on- 
Oder; composer of church music; pub. 
numerous collections of psalms, hymns, 
chorals, motets, masses, etc., 1588-1624; 
also a Synopsis musicae practicae (1609 
[1615, 1618]). 

GESUALDO, Don Carlo, Prince of 
Venosa (ca. 1550-1614) : an accomplished 
musician, who, living in the new era 
of the monodic style cultivated by the 
Florentines, was known as a *chromati- 
cist.' His methods were ahead of his 
generation, his music being not only 
rich in contrapuntal devices, but also 
distinguished by melodious voice-lead- 
ings, and appropriateness to the text. 
He published 6 books of Madrigali a 5 
(Genoa, 1585; score, 1613). Ref.: I. 276. 

GETTY, Alice: contemp. American 
song- writer. Ref.: IV. 406. 

GEVAERT, FranQois-Angnste (1828- 
1908) : b. Huysse, near Oudenarde, 
d. Brussels; musical theorist and com- 
poser; studied at Ghent Cons., 1841-47, 
and took the grand prix de Rome for 
cpmposition. He was organist at the 
Jesuit church from 1843. He prod. 2 
operas in Belgium, then visited, suc- 
cessively, Paris (producing an opera at 
the Theatre Lyrique), Spain, Italy and 
Germany ; he prod. 9 more operas and a 
festival cantata, De nationale verjaer- 
day, which won him the Order of Leo- 
pold. G. was chef de chant at the Paris 
Opera, 1867-70, and succeeded Fetis as 
director of the Brussels Cons., 1871. 
He composed 12 operas, 3 cantatas, a 
Missa pro defunctis. Super flumina 
Babylonis, an overture, Flandre au lion, 
ballads, songs, etc. His theoretical and 
historical writings constitute probably 
his most valuable work. They include 
Rapport sur la situation de la musique 
en Espagne (1851), Leerboek van den 
Gregoriaenschen Zang (1856), and 
Traite d' instrumentation (1863), long 
considered the best of its kind thus 
far published (revised as Nouveau 
traiti, etc., 1885, and transl. into Ger- 
man by Riemanu; 2nd part. Or- 
chestration, 1890) ; also Les origines 
du chant liturgique de I'eglise latine 
(1890; transl. by Riemann) ; Vade- 
mecum de I'organiste; and the monu- 
mental La Melopee antique dans I'iglise 
latine. He also edited Les gloires 
d'ltalie (1868) and Chansons du XV™» 
siecle (1875) both valuable collections 
of old music practically arranged. Ref.: 
(citations, etc.) I. 131, 135, 140, 144, 
146f; VIII. 89 (footnote), 91. 

GEYER, Flodoard (1811-1872) : b. 
Berlin, d. there; studied composition 
with Marx; founded the Mannergesang- 
verein, 1842, and was a co-founder of 
the Tonkiinstlerverein ; taught theory in 
the Kullak-Stem Cons., 1851-66; music 
critic for various (Jerman papers; 
composed operas, symphonies, songs 



170 



Gialdlnl 

and chamber music, also wrote a Kom- 
positionslehre (1862) and a work on 
the use of silent keyboards in teach- 
ing. 

GHEERT, Jacques. See Turnhout, 
Gerabd de. 

GHEYN, Matthias van den (1721- 
1785) : b. Tirleroont, Brabant, d. Lou- 
vain; organist at St. Peter's, Louvain, 
and town carilloneur for many years; 
pub. Fondements de la basse continue; 
also pieces for organ and carillon, and 
6 divertissements for harpsichord, ca. 
1760. 

GHISELIN (Ghiseling or Gtalaell- 
nus), Jean (15th-16th cent.) : Nether- 
land contrapuntist; may be identical 
with Verbonnet; wrote 5 masses in 
Petrucci's Missae diversorum (1503); 5 
motets in the Mottetti delta corona 
(1505). 

GHISLAXZOXI, Antonio (1824- 
1893) : b. Lecco, d. Caprino-Bergamas- 
co; manager of Italia Musicale and ed- 
itor of the Gazzetta Musicale, Milan; 
wrote more than 60 libretti and pub. 
Reminiscenze artistiche. 

GHIZEGHEM. See Heyne. 

GHRO, Johann. See Groh. 

GHYS, Joseph (1801-1848) : b. Ghent, 
d. St. Petersburg; violinist; studied 
under Lafont at Brussels Conservatory; 
taught at Amiens and Nantes; toured 
France, 1832, Belgium, 1835, Germany 
and Austria, 1837, and northern Eu- 
rope; wrote Variations for violin with 
piano or orchestra; Le mouvement per- 
petuel, for violin with string quartet; 
violin concerto In D; romances; 
L'orage for violin solo, etc. 

GIACCHB. See Berchem. 

GIACCHETTO. See Buus. 

GIACOBI (Giacoblil), Don Glrol- 
amo (1567-1630) : b. Bologna, d. there 
as maestro di cappella at S. Petronius; 
one of the first Bolognese opera com- 
posers, having prod. Andromeda (1610), 
the festival drama Reno sagriflcante 
(1617), the intermezzi L'aurora ingan- 
nata (or Dramatodia, 1608) ; also wrote 
motets, psalms, litanies and other 
church music, incl. 2 books of 4-part 
hymns. 

GIACOMELLI, Gemlniano (1686- 
1743) : b. Parma, d. Naples ; dramatic 
composer; studied under Capelli, later 
under Scarlatti at Naples ; prod. Iperm- 
nestra at Parma in 1704, and wrote 8 
other operas, including Cesare in Egitto 
(Turin, 1735) also Psalm 8 for 2 tenors 
and bass; concert-arias with continuo. 

GIACOMO, liorenzo di (16th cent.): 
Italian organ builder. Ref.: VI. 405. 

GIACOSO, Giuseppe: contemporary 
Italian librettist. Ref.: DC. 489, 492, 
494. 

GIAL.DIIVI, Glaldino (1843- ): b. 
Peseta; studied with Mabellini at Flor- 
ence; composer and conductor; prod, 
the operas, Rosmunda (1868), La Sec- 
chia rapita (1872), L'idolo cinese 
(1874), I due soci (1892), La Papilla 
(1896), La Bufera (1910), also pub. a 



Giammaria 

collection of folk-songs, orchestral and 
Instrumental music. 

GIAMMARIA: 16th Cent. Jewish lute- 
nist. Ref.: I. 328. 

GIANELLI, FletTO, Abbate (ca. 1770- 
1822): b. Friuli, d. Venice; pub. an 
early Italian dictionary of music 
(1801), also a Grammatica ragionata 
della musica (1801) and a collection of 
biographies of musicians (1822). 

GIANETTINI, Antonio (1649-1721) : 
b. Venice, d. Modena; maestro di cap~ 
pella at the court of Modena; prod. 6 
operas (3 in Venice, 3 in Hamburg) ; 6 
oratorios, cantatas and church music. 

GIARDA, L,nlgl Stetano (1868-) : 
b. Cassolnovo, Pavia; studied at the 
Milan Cons.; taught at the Padua Mu- 
sic School and at the Royal Cons., Na- 
ples; wrote the operas, Rejetto and 
'Lord Byron,' orchestral and instru- 
mental music, 'cello studies, etc. 

GIARDINI, Felice de' (1716-1796) : 
b Turin, d. Moscow ; violinist and com- 
poser; pupil of Paladini and of Somio 
at Turin; played in theatre orchestras 
in Rome and Naples, and small con- 
certs; then appeared in London with 
great success and in Paris became a 
court favorite. He became leader at 
the Italian opera, London, 1752, man- 
ager in 1756, and again in 1763, but 
losses caused his return to the concert 
stage in 1765. He led the Pantheon con- 
certs, 1774-80, the Italian opera, 1782- 
83; in 1790 failed again with opera in 
London and took his troupe to Russia, 
where he died. He prod. 5 operas in 
London, also an oratorio, Ruth (1752), 
and wrote 5 sets of violin solos, 6 duets, 
6 violin sonatas, 12 violin concertos, 6 
piano quintets, 12 string quartets, string 
trios, songs, etc. Only his violin mu- 
sic Is of permanent value. Ref.: VII. 
404. 

GIBBONS (1) Edward (ca. 1570-ca. 
1650) : organist at Bristol cathedral, 
1592-1611, Exeter, 1611-44; Mus. D., 
Oxon., 1590. Wrote anthems, etc. 
(MSS. in British Museum and Oxford). 
(2) Ellis (d. ca. 1650) : brother of (1) ; 
organist at Salisbury cathedral. (3) 
Orlando, brother of (1) and (2), (1583- 
1625): b. Cambridge, d. Canterbury; 
chorister at King's Coll., Cambridge, 
1596 ; organist of the Chapel Royal, 1604, 
Westminster Abbey, 1626. Mus. D., 
Oxon., 1622. He published 'Fantasies 
of III. parts . . . composed for viols' 
(1610). This, the earliest engraved 
compositions in England, has been ed- 
ited by E. F. Rimbault and reprinted 
(1843). Pieces for the virginal, pub. 
in 'Parthenia,' were reprinted in 1843 
(by the Musical Antiquarian Soc), and 
a selection of his church music, edited 
by Ouseley, in 1873. A selection of 
harpsichord pieces has been repub. by 
Augener. There are church composi- 
tions in Wither's 'Hymns and Songs 
of the Church,' Boyce's 'Cathedral Mu- 
sic' and Leighton's 'Teares or Lamen- 
tations of a Sorrowfull Soule' (1614). 



GUbert 

Ref.: I. xlvii, 306; IV. 4; V. 167; VL 
75. 98, 449f, 475 ; VII. 19, 395 ; mus. ex., 
Xin. 81. (4) Chrlstoplier (1615-1676) : 
b. London, d. there ; son of Orlando, 
pupil of Edward Gibbons; organist of 
Winchester cathedral, 1638-61; of the 
Chapel Royal, 1660-76; of Westminster 
Abbey, 1660-65; private organist to 
Charles II; Mus. D., Oxon., 1664. He 
wrote motets (preserved in Dering and 
Playford's Cantica Sacra, 1674) and 
other works. 

GIBSON, IGeoTge] Alfred (1849-) : 
b. Nottingham; studied violin with 
Henry Farmer; first violin at Drury 
Lane Opera, 1867, and at Covent Gar- 
den, 1871-83; leader of King's Private 
Band since 1893; professor of violin at 
the Royal Academy of Music. 

GIBSONE, GuIIlaume-Ignace (ca. 
1826- ) : b. London; studied piano 
with Moscheles; teacher and composer 
in London since 1850; wrote 3 can- 
tatas, an opera and 2 symphonies in 
MS. ; pub. sonatas for piano and violin, 
songs and piano pieces. 

GIDE, Casimir (1804-1868) ; b. 
Paris, d. there; studied at the Con- 
servatoire, and became a partner in his 
father's book business in 1847 ; prod. 6 
operas (1828-58) and 7 ballets in Paris. 

GIESEKE, Ludwig (18th cent.) : 
German writer. Ref.: IX. 101. 

GIGAULT, Nicolas (ca. 1645- ) : 
b. Claye, Brie; organist at St. Mar- 
tin's, St. Nicolas aux champs and St. 
Esprit at Paris; pub. Livre de musique 
pour Vorgue (1685, repub. by Guil- 
mant), also Livre de Noels diversiflis 
a 2, 3 et i parties (1685). 

GIGHI: 17th cent, composer of 
sonatas, etc. Ref.: VII. 478. 

GIGOUT, EngSne (1844- ) : b. 
Nancy; pupil, later teacher, at Nieder- 
meyer School, Paris; also studied 
with Saint-Saens. He became organist 
at St. Augustin in 1863 and became fa- 
mous as concert organist through west- 
ern Europe; founded an organ-school, 
subsidized by the government, at Paris, 
1885. G. has composed many organ 
pieces, large and small, over 300 Grego- 
rian and plain-song compositions, and 
vocal pieces. He pub. Album Gregorien 
(2 vols.). Ref.: VI. 485. 

GILBERT (1) Alfred (1828-1902): 
b. Salisbury, d. London; studied at the 
Royal Academy of Music; organist in 
London; composer of 3 piano trios, 
a suite for strings, 3 operettas and 
author of a piano method. (2) Ernest 
Thomas Bennet G. (1833-1885) : b. 
Salisbury, d. London; brother of (1), 
pupil of the Royal Academy of Music 
and the Leipzig Cons.; organist and 
vocal teacher; composer of orchestral 
and chamber music, wrote educational 
piano pieces and a Harmony. (3) 
Walter Bond (b. Exeter, 1829) : pupil 
of Wesley and Bishop; Mus. D. Oxon, 
1886; organist in New York from 1869, 
composer of church music. (4) Henry 
F. (I860- ) : b. Boston, Mass. ; pu- 



171 



Gilbert^ 

pil of MacDowell; composer of orches- 
tral works, some based on negro and 
other racial idioms, including A Com- 
edy Overture, Humoresque on Negro 
Minstrel Tunes, Negro Rhapsody, Riders 
to Sea (symphonic prologue). The 
Dance in Place Congo (symphonic 
poem) ; also songs, piano pieces, etc. 
Champion of nationalism in American 
music. Ref.: IV. 311, 408ff; (quoted 
on racial influence) IV. 278; mus. ex., 
XIV. 264; portrait, IV. 408. (5) 
Jean [pseudonym for Max "Winter- 
feld] (1879- ) : pupil of Xaver 
Scharwenka; Kapellmeister in Bremer- 
haven, Hamburg and Berlin (Apollo 
Theatre) till 1910; composer of oper- 
ettas and farces, including Polnische 
Wirtschaft (Berlin, 1911; Paris, 1914, 
as Menage polonais), etc. (6) [Sir] 
W. S. (19th cent.) : English humorist, 
author of texts for Sullivan's musi- 
cal comedies. Ref.: IX. 235. 

GILBERTS, Hallett (1875- ): b. 
Winthrop, Maine; studied in Boston; 
composer of songs which have become 
popular, including 'In Reverie,' 'Span- 
ish Serenade,' 'Song of the Canoe,' 
*Two Koscs ' etc 

GILCHRIST (1) James (1832-1894) : 
d. Glasgow; eminent violin maker. (2) 
■William Wallace (1846-1916) : b. Jer- 
sey City, N. J. ; studied under H. A. 
Clarke at the Univ. of Pennsylvania; 
choirmaster at St. Clement's Church, 
Philadelphia, 1873; organist Christ 
Church, Germantown, and teacher at 
the Philadelphia Musical Acad, from 
1882; conductor of choral societies; 
composed Psalm xlvi, for soli, cho- 
rus, orchestra and organ, 'Song of 
Thanksgiving,' 'The Rose,' cantata 
(1887), 'Ode to the Sun,' 'Autumn 
Dreaming,' orchestral works, songs, 
church music, etc. Ref.: IV. 357. (3) 
Connie (19th cent.) : English dancer. 
Ref.: X. 189. 

GILBS, Nathaniel (ca. 1550-1633): 
b. Worcester, England; d. Windsor; 
chorister of Magdalen Coll., Oxford, 
1559; organist and choir-master of St. 
George's Chapel, Windsor, 1595; suc- 
ceeded Hunnis as Master of the Chil- 
dren of the Chapel Royal, 1597; Mus. 
Doc. Oxon., 1622 ; wrote some pieces 
in Leighton's 'Teares or Lameutacions 
of a Sorrowfull Soule' (1614) ; a service 
and an anthem in Barnard's 'Church 
Music' (1641) ; 'Lesson of Descant of 
Thlrtie-eighte Proportions of Sundrie 
Kindes' in Hawkins' 'History of Mu- 
sic'; several anthems in MS. 

GIIilBBRT, Charles (1866-1910) : b. 
Paris, d. New York ; studied at the Con- 
servatoire and sang at the Opera-Com- 
ique, Paris, later in Brussels; first ap- 
peared at the Metropolitan Opera 
House, New York, in 1900, where he 
sang until 1903; Manhattan Opera 
House, 1906-10; excelled in baritone 
roles of modem French operas, notably 
the Father in Charpentier's Louise. 
Ref.: rV. 148, 152. 



172 



Glordanl 

Gllili, Allen: contemp. English 
choral conductor. Ref.: III. 422. 

GILLIi:, Karl (1861- ): b. Eldag- 
sen, near Hanover; Kapellmeister in 
Elbing; Hofkapellmeister in Schwerin, 
1891; conductor at the Stadttheater, 
Hamburg, 1897, at the Volksoper, Vi- 
enna, 1906-10; and since 1910 at the 
Hanover court theatre. 

GIIiLES. See Brebos. 

GIIiMAN (1) Lawrence (1878- ): 
b. New York; music critic ('Harper's 
Mag.,' etc.) ; wrote biography of Edward 
MacDowell (1909) and several studies 
in musical aesthetics. Ref.: (cited) IV. 
366, 368. (2) Benjamin Ives, fief.; 
(cited) I. 14, 40. 

GIL3IORE3, Patrick; Sarsfield (1829- 
1892) : b. near Dublin, d. St. Louis, 
Mo. ; organized the famous Gilmore's 
Band in Boston, 1859; bandmaster in 
the Federal army at New Orleans, 
1864; conducted 2 great music festi- 
vals in Boston, 'National Peace Jubilee,' 
1869, and 'World's Peace Jubilee,' 1872. 
G. toured the United States, Canada 
and Europe (1878) with his band; com- 
posed dance music, songs, military mu- 
sic and arrangements for band. 

GILSB, Jan van (1881 ) : b. Rot- 
terdam; studied at Cologne Cons., and 
with Humperdinck in Berlin; conducted 
opera in Bremen and Amsterdam; com- 
posed 3 symphonies, 2 of w^hich won 
prizes (1902, 1909), an overture, inter- 
mezzi, Eine Lebensmesse, songs and an 
opera, Fraa Helga von Stavern. 

GILSON, Paul (1865- ): b. Brus- 
sels; Belgian composer, a self-taught 
musician; won the grand prix de 
Rome in 1892 with cantata Sinai; pro- 
duced opera Alvar at Brussels (1896) ; 
also brought out another cantata, 
Francesca da Rimini (1895) ; sym- 
phonic sketches. La, mer (1892), a 
septet and scherzo for wind-instru- 
ments, orchestral fantasy on Canadian 
folk tunes (1898), a Scottish rhapsody, 
two symphenic poems and other works 
for orchestra, the operas Gens de mer 
(1902) and Prinses Zonnenschijn 
(1903), choral works, songs, etc. 

GINER, Salvador (1832-1911): b. 
Valencia, d. there; studied at the Valen- 
cia Cons.; composed a symphony. Las 
cuarto Estaciones, a cantata, Feria de 
Valencia^ an oratorio, Judith and 10 op- 
eras, the most successful of ■which were 
Sagunto (1891) and El Sonador (1901). 

GIlVGtrBlVfi, Fierre-IiOnis (1748- 
1816) : b. Rennes, d. Paris ; member of 
the French Academy; literary historian; 
wrote Lettres et articles sur la musique 
(1783), containing his journalistic pa- 
pers on the Gluck-Piccini controversy; 
also articles on mus. history in the 
Encyclopedie, etc. Ref.: IX. 58. 

GIORDANI (corr. Carmine), Tom- 
maso (1744-ca. 1816): b. Naples, d. 
Dublin; appeared in buffo roles at the 
Haymarket Theatre, London, 1762; 
taught music and managed an Italian 
opera-troupe at Dublin; wrote an op- 



Giordano 

era, 'Perseverance' (Dublin, 1789) ; an 
oratorio, 'Isaac'; trios for flutes and 
bass, 5 bool^s of flute-duos, duos for 
'cello, piano-pieces, songs, etc. (2) 
(Giordanello), Giuseppe (1744-1798): 
brother of (1); b. Naples, d. Fermo; 
opera-composer; fellow-student of 
Cimarosa and Zingarelli at the Con- 
servatory of Loreto; popular teacher 
and composer in London, 1772-82; 
maestro di cappella of Fermo cathedral ; 
composed about 30 operas, including 
II Bacio, 1794, 6 piano quintets, 3 
piano quartets, 6 string quartets, 30 
trios, 6 violin concertos, piano sonatas 
for 2 and 4 hands; preludes and ex- 
ercises for piano ; soprano . duets ; 5 
books of Canzonette for solo voices; 
other secular and sacred music in MS. 

GIORDANO, Umberto (1868- ) : 
b. Naples; dramatic composer; pro- 
duced a 4-act opera seria Andrea Che- 
nier. La Scala, Milan, 1896; a 2-act 
opera seria Regina Diaz, Naples, 1894; 
and a 3-act 'melodrama' (opera) Mala 
vita, Rome, 1892, produced in Milan as 
n Voto, 1897; Madame Sans-Gene (N. 
Y., 1915). Ref.: III. 369, 377; IX. 481,485. 

GIORGI. See Banti. 

GIORGIONE). Ref.: I. 327. 

GIORNOVICHI. See Jaknovig. 

GIOSA, Nicola de (1820-1885): b. 
Bari, d. there; pupil of Ruggi, Zin- 
garelli and Donizetti at Naples; com- 
poser of Don Checco (1850) and 23 
other, less successful, operas. He also 
wrote romanzas, canzoni, etc., of popu- 
lar nature, and church music, 

GIORZA, Paolo (1838-1914) : b. Mi- 
lan, d. Seattle, Wash.; composed many 
successful ballets produced principally 
at La Scala, Milan (1853-66), also one 
opera, military and dance music. 

GIOVANBI/Iil, Rugglero (ca. 1550- 
1620): b. Velletri, d. Rome; maestro di 
cappella in San Luigi de' Frances! at 
Rome, 1587; later in the Collegium 
Germanicum; succeeded Palestrina as 
maestro di cappella at St. Peter's, 
1594; joined the Pontifical Chapel, 
1599; prepared a new edition of Gradu- 
als (2 vols., 1614-15). His printed 
works include 3 books of 5-part madri- 
gals (1586-87-89); 2 of 4-part Madri- 
gali sdruccioli (1587) ; 2 books of 
5- to 8-part motets; 3-part Canzonette 
and Villanelle (1592-93) ; also scat- 
tered madrigals in the collections of 
Scotto and Phalfese; other works in 
MS. are in the Vatican Library. 

GIOVANNI DA CAS CIA, or Jo- 
hannes de Florentia (14th cent.) : b. 
at Cascia, near Florence; founder of 
the style reform that spread from 
Florence soon after 1300 (ars nova) ; 
lived at the court of Mastinos II della 
Scala (1329-51) at Parma; composed 
madrigals, caccias, canzoni and ballads. 
Ref.: I. 263, 266. 

GIRARD, Narcisse (1797-1860): b. 
Nantes, France, d. Paris; studied at the 
Conservatoire; mattre de chapelle at 
the Opira Italien, 1830-2, at the Op^ra- 



173 



Glaser 

Comique, 1837-46; conductor at the 
Opera and professor of violin at the 
Conservatoire, 1847; became general 
musical director of the OpSra, 1856; 
prod. 2 operas (1841, 1842). 

GIRAVDST, Alfred Angnste 
(1845- ): b. fitampes; studied with 
Delsarte; made his d^but as dramatic 
bass in Paris, 1868; professor at the 
Conservatoire, 1888-1900; pub. Mim- 
ique, Physionomie et Gestes (1895). 

GIZZI, Domenico (1684-1745) : b. 
Arpino, near Naples; d. there; pupil 
of A. Scarlatti at Cons. San Onofrio, 
where he became vocal teacher (till 
1740) ; teacher of Feo and Gioach. 
Conti, who adopted the name 'Giz- 
ziello'; composed for the church. 

GIZZIBLIiO, Gioachino. See 

CONTI. 

GLADSTONE, Francis Edward 

(1845- ): English organist; b. Sum- 
mertown, n. Oxford; studied under 
Wesley, 1859-62; organist at Weston- 
super-mare, Llandaff, Chichester, Brigh- 
ton, London, and Norwich; choir- 
director at St. Mary of the Angels, 
Bayswater; Mus. Doc. Contab., 1879; 
professor of counterpoint, etc., at 
Trinity College, London, in 1881; pro- 
fessor of harmony and counterpoint at 
Royal College of Music in 1883; com- 
posed church music, an overture, some 
chamber-music (all in MS.) ; also or- 
gan pieces; wrote 'The Organ-Student's 
Guide' and a 'Treatise on Strict Coun- 
terpoint,' 1906. 

GliAREANUS, Heinrlclt liOris (or 
Henrlcns Lorltns) (1488-1563) : b. 
Glarus; d. Freiburg, Baden; attended 
the Latin School at Bern; studied the- 
ology at Cologne; also music under 
Coclilaus; crowned poet laureate by 
Emperor Maximilian I, 1512; taught 
and lectured in Basel, Paris, and Frei- 
burg; wrote Isagoge in musicen (Ba- 
sel, 1516) ; and the Dodecachordon 
(1547), in which he advocates 12 
church-modes instead of the usually 
accepted eight. It is also a valuable 
source for the history of mensural 
music, notation, and early music- 
printing; pub. Musicae epitome ex 
Glareani Dode kachordo (J. L. Woneg- 
ger, 1557; 2nd ed. 1559; in German: 
Uss Glareani Musik ein Usszug . . . 
1557) ; revised edition of Boetius' 
writings, edited by M. Rota, 1570. 

GLASENAPP, Karl Frlcdrich 
(1847-1915): b. Riga; studied philoso- 
phy at Dorpat; contributor to the 
Bayreuther Blatter; head-master at 
Riga from 1875; wrote Richard Wag- 
ner's Leben and Wirken (Leipzig, 2 
vols., 3rd ed. 1894) ; also a Wagner- 
Lexikon (Stuttgart, 1883). 

GliXSER (1) Karl Gotthelf (1784- 
1829): b. Weissenfels, d. Barmen; stud- 
ied at the Thomasschule, Leipzig; be- 
came a teacher, musical director and 
music dealer in Barmen after 1814; 
pub. chorales, piano music, songbooks 
for schools, a piano method (1817), a 



Glass 

KuTze Anweisnng zum Choralspiel 
(1824), and a work on the theory of 
musical composition by means of a 
'musical compass' (1828). (2) Frani 
(1798-1861) : b. Obergeorgenthal, Bohe- 
mia, d. Copenhagen; studied at Prague 
and in Vienna; Kapellmeister in Vi- 
enna, 1817, and in Berlin, 1830; Royal 
conductor at Copenhagen after 1842; 
■wrote 13 operas, of which Des Adiers 
Horst (1833) was the most successful, 
incidental music, an overture, cantata, 
etc. 

GLASS, liOnis Christian An^nst 
(1864- ): b. Copenhagen; studied at 
Brussels Cons.; pianist, 'cellist and 
composer of symphonies, overtures, an 
orchestral suite. Instrumental music, 
etc. Cf. Christian H. G. (Addenda). 

GLAZOUNOFP, Alexander (1865-) : 
b. St. Petersburg, where he attended 
the Polytechnic Institute and became 
acquainted with Balakireff and Rlm- 
sky-KorsakofT in 1880; then studied 
composition with Rimsky-Korsakoff. 
He prod, his first symphony in 1881, 
and at Weimar under Liszt in 1884; 
his second in Paris, 1889, and his 
fourth in London. He conducted the 
Russian Symphony Concerts at St. Pe- 
tersburg with Rimsky-Korsakoff and 
Liadoff, 1896-97. His numerous works 
include for orchestra; 8 symphonies, 
5 suites, 6 overtures, 2 serenades, 2 
fantasies, a symphonic poem, a 'sym- 
phonic tableau,' an elegy, a Poeme 
Lyrique, Rhapsodic Orientate, he 
Printemps, marches, waltz, etc.; cham- 
ber music: 5 string quartets, 5 nov- 
elettes and a suite for string quartet, 
a string quintet, a brass quartet, 
Quatuor slave, a Reverie for horn, and 
In Modo Religioso, quartet for brass; 
FOR piano: a suite, 2 sonatas, etudes, 
dances, etc.; also songs. Ref.: III. 
X, xi, xii, xiv, xvil, 137 ff : V. 368; 
VI. 395; VII. 333; VIII. 451ff; X. 183, 
186, 224; portrait, III. 150. 

GLEASOX, Frederick Grant 
(1848- ) : b. Middletown, Conn. ; pu- 
pil of Dudley Buck, and Moscheles, 
Richter, Plaldy, Lobe, etc., at Leipzig 
Cons. ; of Loeschhorn, Weitzmann, and 
Haupt at Berlin, and Beringer in Lon- 
don; organist in Hartford, New Britain; 
teacher in Chicago. He composed or- 
gan and piano pieces, songs, church 
music, cantatas; also symphonic poem, 
orchestral sketches, etc. Ref.: IV. 346. 

GLBISSNER, Franz (1760-ca. 1815) : 
b. Neustadt-on-the-Waldnab, d. Mu- 
nich; inventor of lithographic process 
of music printing. His work, ^a set 
of songs, "was first to be so printed; 
introduced his invention in Munich, 
Offenbach and Vienna. 

GLEITZ, ■ Karl (1862- ): b. Hit- 
zerode, near Cassel; studied at the 
Leipzig Cons, and the Akademle, Mu- 
nich; composed 6 symphonic poems, a 
fantasy for piano and orchestra and a 
violin sonata; pub. Kunstlers Erden- 
wallen (1896-07). 



Glover 

GliElV, John (1833-1904) : b. Edin- 
burgh, d. there; manufacturer of bag- 
pipes from 1866 and student of early 
Scotch music; wrote several books on 
Scotch dances and melodies. 

GLIflRE, Relnhold Moritzovitch 
(1875- ) : b. Kieff; composer; stud- 
ied at the Cons, of Moscow under 
Taneieff and Ippalltoff-Ivanoff. His 
compositions include 2 string quar- 
tets, 3 string sextets, a string octet, 
3 symphonies, a symphonic poem, 'The 
Sirens,' a ballad for 'cello, piano 
pieces and songs. Ref.: HI. xvii, 146, 
150f; VL 396; VII. 555; VIII. 463; X. 
206, 207, 254, 259; portrait, IH. 150. 

GLINKA, Mikhail Ivanovitch 
(1804-1857) : b. Novospaskoi, near 
Smolensk, Russia; d. Berlin; the great 
'classic' of Russian music. He was 
of noble birth, studied languages in 
St. Petersburg, then violin with Bohm, 
and piano and theory with C. Mayer. 
He also was a pupil of John Field at 
Moscow, and of S. W. Dehn in Ber- 
lin, and became a brilliant pianist. G. 
spent 4 years in Italy, and was influ- 
enced by the composers of that coun- 
try. In 1834 he wrote the Russian 
national opera 'A Life for the Czar,' 
which was successfully produced at 
St. Petersburg in 1836. 'Russian and 
Ludmilla' followed in 1842. Both 
works are still popular. G. went to 
Paris in 1844, where he gave orches- 
tral concerts, then to Madrid and Se- 
ville, where he wrote 'Jota Aragonese' 
(a capriccio brillante), and Souvenir 
d'une nuit d'ite d. Madrid, both for 
orchestra. After sundry travels and 
sojourns in Warsaw and St. Petersburg, 
G. worked on his autobiography and 
plans for another opera, but died be- 
fore they came to fruition. His works 
include, besides those mentioned, 2 un- 
finished symphonies, 2 polonaises, a 
tarentella, a fantasia, and Kamarin- 
skaja for orchestra; a septet, 2 string 
quartets, a trio for piano, clarinet and 
oboe; rondos, "waltzes, and sets of 
variations for piano; dramatic scenes, 
vocal quartets, romances, and songs. 
Ref.: III. xvl, 38, 39, iSff, 107, 134; V. 
127, 257; VII. 329; symphonic works, 
VIH. 234f; operas, IX. 381, 385; X. 104, 
181, 224, 254; portrait, HI. 48. 

GLOGGL (1) Franz Xaver (1764- 
1839) : b. Linz-on-Danube, d. there; Ka- 
pellmeister at Linz theatre and at the 
cathedral, also municipal Musikdirek- 
tor; wrote a short treatise on harmony 
(1810), a musical Lexikon (1822) and 
Der mnsikalische Gottesdienst (1822). 
(2) Franz (1797-1872) : b. Linz, d. 
there; son of (1); founded a music 
business in 1843; pub. the Neue Wiener 
Musikzeitung, 1850-62, and founded an 
Akademle der Tonkunst, 1849-53, also 
a singing school called 'Polyhymnia.' 

GLOVER (1) Sarah Ann (1785- 
1867): b. Norwich, England; d. Mal- 
vern; inventor of the Tonic Sol-fa sys- 
tem of notation, afterwards modified 



174 



Gluck 

and developed by the Rev. John Cur- 
■wen; pub. 'A Manual of the Norwich 
Sol-fa System . . .' (1845) ; and a 
'Manual Containing a Development of 
the Tetrachordal System' (London, 
1850). (2) Stephen (1812-1870) : h. 
London, d. there; music teacher and 
composer of many popular songs and 
duets, part-songs, trios, etc.; also 
salon-music for piano. (3) John Wil- 
liam (1815-1900): b. Dublin, d. there; 
conductor; director of the choir at St. 
Patrick's Cathedral; teacher of sing- 
ing at the Normal School ; founded the 
Dublin Choral Union, 1851 ; lectured in 
Dublin and London; composed 2 op- 
eras, cantatas, masses, organ concertos, 
piano pieces, etc. (4) William How- 
ard (1819-1875) : b. London, d. New 
York; violinist; studied under Wag- 
staff; later a member of English Op- 
era orchestra; toured Italy, Germany, 
and France; founded a school for mu- 
sic and drama in London. He also 
sang in opera and was critic for the 
•Morning Post' for several years; set- 
tled in New York, 1868 ; wrote an opera, 
Ruy Bias (London, 1861) ; the oper- 
ettas 'The Coquette' (1845?), 'Aminta' 
(1855?), 'Once Too Often' (1862), 
'Palomita'; the cantata 'Tam O'Shan- 
ter' (1855) ; orchestral overture 'Man- 
fred'; 12 romances for piano, and other 
piano-pieces, vocal quartets, duets, and 
songs. 

GLUCK (1) Chrlstoph -Willibald 
(1714-1787) : b. Weidenwang, near Neu- 
markt, Upper Palatinate; d. Vienna; 
son of a game-keeper. He visited the 
Jesuit college at Komotau from the age 
of 12, learned to play the violin, harpsi- 
chord, and organ, and was phorister 
in St. Ignaz. He went to Prague to 
continue his musical studies, was no- 
ticed by Father Czernohorsky, an emi- 
nent musician, and under his tuition 
mastered the 'cello, his favorite in- 
strument. He went to Vienna in 1736, 
where he was patronized by Prince 
Melzi; was taken to Milan, to Sammar- 
tini, who finished him in harmony and 
counterpoint. G. began his operatic 
career with Artaserse (La Scala, 1741), 
which brought him commissions for 
other theatres. Demofoonte was fol- 
lowed by 8 others, and at the height 
of his success G. went to London, where 
he failed with a pasticcio, Piramo e 
Tisbe. This led him to serious study 
and determination to reform his style. 
He visited and heard Rameau's operas, 
also Hamburg, Dresden and Vienna, 
where he cultivated the acquaintance 
of literary men, and reeducated him- 
self in musical sesthetics. After La 
Semiramide riconosciuta (Vienna, 1748) 
and a number of other works showing 
increased dramatic power, also some 
experiments with adaptations of French 
operas comiques, G. produced his 're- 
form' operas, Orfeo ed Euridice (1762), 
Alceste (1767), and Paride ed Elena 
(1769), to librettos by Calzabigl. They 



175 



Gobatti 

were successful, though bitterly at- 
tacked by hostile critics. Moreover, 
they led to his relations with the sec- 
retary of the French Embassy, Le 
Blanc du Rollet, and his determination 
to write for the Paris Op^ra, which he 
visited in 1772. Here he produced 
Iphlginie en Aulide, written over a 
text by du Rollet, adapted from Ra- 
cine's tragedy. With the influence of 
Marie Antoinette and her party at 
court, G. secured his success against 
a powerful opposition. Iphlginie was 
followed by Alceste (1776) and Armide 
(ini), and the famous Gluck-Piccini 
controversy now ensued, leading to the 
production of Piccini's Roland, and 
the destruction of G.'s sketches for the 
same subject, when he heard of the 
cabal which purposed to match the two 
composers against each other. He re- 
turned to Paris in 1779, with his mas- 
terpiece, Iphlginie en Taaride (libretto 
by Guillard), and with it established 
his supremacy. His last opera, Echo 
et Narcisse, produced in the same year, 
was in the nature of an anti-climax. He 
retired to Vienna in 1780, seven years be- 
fore his death. G. also composed a De 
pTofundis for chorus and orch., 7 odes 
for a solo voice, with piano ; 6 over- 
tures; and an unfinished cantata. Das 
jUngste Gericht, which Salieri finished. 
Ref.: For life and work see H. 11, 
17 ff; odes, V. 177; operas, IX. 41ff; 
X. 102f, 121, 148, 152, 200; mus. ex., 
Xin. 203, 206. 207; birthplace, 11. 18; 
portrait, II. 34. For general references 
see individual indexes. (2) Alma 
(real name Reba Flersolin) (1884-) : 
b. Bucharest, Rumania; studied with 
Buzzi-Peccia in New York; made her 
d^but as operatic soprano at the 
Metropolitan Opera House In Werther, 
1909; abandoned the stage for concert 
work and studied with Sembrich In 
Berlin; has toured the United States 
with success several times; married 
the violinist Efrem Zimbalist in 1914. 

GITJTH, Victor (1852- ): b. 
Pilsen; composer; teacher at the Royal 
Academy of Music, Munich; has com- 
posed the operas Der Trentajdger 
(1885), Horand und Hilde, and Et 
7*6 surrcx i tt 

GMEINER, Lula (1876- ) : b. 
Kronstadt; studied with Grigorovicz 
and Walter and Herzog; violinist and 
altolst. 

GNECCHI, Vittorio (1876- ): b. 

Milan; Italian composer, resident in 
Turin; prod. Virtii d'amore (1896) and 
Cassandra (Bologna, 1905). Ref.: III. 382. 

GNECCO, Francesco (1769-1810) : 
b. Genoa, d. Milan; operatic composer 
whose genius was more fruitful than 
original. His operas were produced in 
Genoa, Naples, Milan, etc. Ref.: II. 
187 (footnote). 

GOBATTI, Stefano (1852-1913): b. 
Bergantlno, d. Bologna; studied at the 
Naples Cons.; prod. / Gott (1873), Luce 
(1875) and Cordelia (1881). 



Gobbaerts 

GOBBAERTS, Jean-Iionls (1835- 
1886) : b. Antwerp, d. Salnt-Gilles, near 
Brussels; studied at the Brussels Cons.; 
pub. about 1,200 piano pieces, mostly 
light, popular music. 

GOBBI (1) Henri (1842- ): b. 

Budapest; pupil of Volkmann and 
Liszt; music teacher and critic in Bu- 
dapest. He "wrote piano pieces in the 
Hungarian vein; a festival cantata cele- 
brating the 50th anniversary of Liszt's 
career in public; male choruses, etc. 
Ref.: m. 200. (2) Aloys (1844- ): 
b. Budapest; brother of Henri (1) ; 
violinist and teacher. 

GOBEIi, Karl (Helnricli Ednard) 
(1815-1879): b. Berlin, d. Bromberg; 
Kapellmeister at Danzig Theatre and 
conductor of the Bromberg Gesang- 
verein after 1840; wrote a singspiel, 2 
operas, chamber music, choral works 
and songs; also pub. a Compendium 
fiir den Musikunterricht . . . (1873). 

GOCKEI,, Angiist (1831-1861) : b. 
Wllllbadessen, Westphalia; studied at 
the Leipzig Cons.; made a tour of the 
United States, 1853-55; wrote a piano 
concerto and other piano pieces. 

GODARD, Benjamin [-Lonis-Panl] 
(1849-1895): b. Paris, d. Cannes; stud- 
ied with R. Hammer, then at Paris 
Cons, with Vieuxtemps, and composi- 
tion with Reber. He played in pub- 
lic at 9, and visited Germany with 
Vieuxtemps twice. His first public 
work was a violin sonata (1865), fol- 
lowed by other violin sonatas, a trio, 
string quartets which won llie Prix 
Chartier from the Institut de France 
'for merit in the department of cham- 
ber-music' He also wrote the operas 
Les bijoux de Jeannette (Paris, 1878) ; 
Pedro de Zalamea (Antwerp, 1884) ; 
Jocelyn (Brussels, 1888) ; Le Dante 
(Paris, 1890); Jeanne d'Arc (Paris, 
1891); and La Vivandiire (Paris, 1895; 
posthumous, the last 2 acts orches- 
trated by Paul Vidal), which had great 
success. Two other operas (not per- 
formed), incidental music to 'Much 
Ado about Nothing,' a Symphonie- 
ballet (1882) ; the 'Gothic,' 'Oriental,' 
'Legendary,' B minor and 'Tasso' sym- 
phonies; Seines poitiques and LanteTne 
maglque and Ouverture dramatique 
(orchestral suites) ; a violin concerto 
(Romantique) , a piano concerto, piano 
pieces, etudes, over 100 songs and a 
'lyric scena' complete the list of his 
works. Ref.: HI. 35f, 283; V. 317f; 
VII. 342; VTII. 345, 346; portrait. III. 30. 

GODDARD (1) Josepb (1833- ) : 
contemp. English writer on music; as- 
sociate editor of the London 'Musical 
Times'; author of a piano method, 
'Moral Theory of Music' (1857), 'Phi- 
losophy of Music' (1862), 'Musical De- 
velopment,' 'The Deeper Sources of the 
Beauty and Expression of Music' 
(1906), etc. (2) Arabella (1838- ): 
b. St.-Servan, n. Salnt-Malo, Brittany; 
noted pianist; began playing at age 
of 4; studied under Kalkbrenner at 



Goepfart 

Paris, Mrs. Anderson and Thalberg', 
played before Queen Victoria and pub. 
6 "waltzes for piano at 8 years; played 
in the Grand National Concerts at 12; 
studied for 3 years "with J. W. Davi- 
son, whom she married in 1860; gave 
several important concerts in England; 
made the tour of Germany, playing 
in Leipzig In the Gewandhaus, 1855; 
toured the world, including India, 
Australia and America, 1873-76; retired 
from concert giving in 1880, and has 
since lived at Tunbridge Wells; pub. 
a ballad and piano pieces (1852-53). 

GODEBRYB, Jacob. See Jacotin. 

GODEPROID [DiEUDONNfi - Joseph - 
GuiLLAUME-] F61ix (1818-1897) : b. Na- 
mur, d. Villers-sur-Mer ; harpist; stud- 
ied at the Conservatoire; lived in Paris 
and Brussels; wrote popular harp 
pieces and salon music for piano; 
prod. 3 operas. His brother, Jules- 
Joseph (1811-1840), was also a harpist 
who wrote for harp and piano and 
prod. 2 operas. 

GODFREY (1) Daniel (1831-1903): 
b. Westminster, England, d. Beeston^ 
near Nottingham; studied at the Royal 
Academy of Music and became profes- 
sor of military music there; toured the 
United States with his band, the Gren- 
adier Guards, in 1872; composed 
waltzes and arrangements for military 
band. (2) Daniel (1868- ) : b. Lon- 
don; studied at the Royal College of 
Music; conducted the London Military 
Band, 1889-91, and other organizations; 
established the Bournemouth Municipal 
Orchestra, 1896, and in 1911 the Mu- 
nicipal Choir; composed many arrange- 
ments for military band, dances and 
marches. 

GODOTVSKY, licopold (1870- ): 
b. Vilna, Poland; pianist; dibut 1879, 
touring Poland and Russia; studied in 
Vilna 2 years; studied under Rudorfl 
in the Royal Hochschule, Berlin, later 
with Saint-Saens in Paris; toured 
America 1884-85, and frequently since 
then; director of piano department at 
Broad Street Conservatory, Philadel- 
phia, 1894; head of piano department 
in Chicago Conservatory, 1895; returned 
to Berlin, 1900; became director of the 
Klaviermeisterschule in Vienna, 1909 
(Royal professor) ; toured United 
States, 1912, and has since then been 
living in New York; pub. Moto per- 
petao (2 different pieces). Polonaise in 
C, Valse brillante in E, Marchen, Valse 
romantique, Menuet in E, and Valse- 
Scherzo for piano; also an arrange- 
ment for left hand of Chopin's Mude 
(op. 25, No. 6), 2 songs, and more than 
100 works in MS.; also editor of 'The 
Progressive Series of Lessons, Exer- 
cises, Studies and Pieces' (St. Louis, 
1912-15). 

GOEDICKE, A.: contemporary Rus- 
sian composer. Ref.: IH. 155. 

GOEPPART (1) Christian Hein- 
rich (1835-1890) : b. Weimar, d. Balti- 
more, Md. ; organist and composer; 

176 



Goepp 

studied under J. G. Topfer at Weimar; 
conducted clioral societies, etc., In the 
United States from 1873. (2) Karl 
Dduard (1859- ): b. Weimar; son 
of (1) ; conductor of the Musical 
Union at Baden-Baden since 1891; com- 
posed an opera, Sarastro, in 3 acts, 
a sequel to Mozart's "Magic Flute,' or- 
chestral and choral works, etc. (3) 
Otto Ernst (1864- ): brother of 
(2); b. Weimar; town cantor there 
since 1888; composer of vocal music. 

GOEPP, Philip Henry (1864- ) : 
b. New York; studied in New York 
and Philadelpliia ; organist and teacher 
in Philadelphia since 1892; founded the 
MS. Musical Society there; author of 
the program books of the Philadelphia 
Symphony Orchestra since 1900; pub. 
'Annals of Music in Philadelphia' 
(1896), 'Symphonies and their Meaning' 
(3 vols., 1898, 1902, 1913) ; composed 
for piano, organ, and violin, songs, a 
cantata and an opera. 

GOERIIVG, Theodor (1844-1907) : b. 
Frankfort, d. Munich; music critic for 
the Augsburg Abendzeitang; contrib- 
uted to Goldstein's Musikwelt and to 
the Cologne Zeitang; pub. Der Messias 
von Bayreuth (1881). 

GOlsiS, Damtao de (1500-1573) : b. 
Alemquer, Portugal; d. Lisbon; am- 
bassador to France, Italy, Poland and 
Denmark; also lived in Rome and Lou- 
vain; wrote a Tractado theorica da 
musica (MS.) ; also 3- to 6-part mo- 
tets (MS.) in Lisbon, and one or two 
motets printed in collections. 

GOETHE (1) Johann Wolfgans 
von: the great German poet, who, as on 
every other subject, held definite opin- 
ions concerning music and encouraged 
the development of the German Sing- 
spiel. His texts have been set by 
nearly all the great composers since 
his time. He was acquainted with 
Beethoven, but did not fully appreciate 
bimi, and preferred Zelter's settings to 
Schubert's. Ref.: IL 49, 134, 140, 223, 
232, 283; HI. 61, 267, 358; V. 193, 198f; 
VI. 168, 172, 196, 348, 435; VHI. 226, 
301, 317, 410, 415, 440; IX. 54, 80, 120, 
188, 209, 238, 240, 245, 252, 480; por- 
trait, V. 200. (2) Walther Wolfgang 
von (1818-1885) : b. Weimar, d. Leip- 
zig; son of the great poet (1); studied 
in Leipzig; chamberlain to the Grand 
Duke; prod. 3 operettas in Weimar 
(1839-53) ; pub. several books of songs 
and piano music. 

GOETSCHIUS, Percy (1853- ): 
b. Paterson, N. J.; studied piano un- 
der Lebert and Pruckner; harmony, 
counterpoint and instrumentation un- 
der Faisst and Doppler at Stuttgart 
Conservatory, 1873-78; taught the Eng- 
lish classes there from 1876, also often 
acted as Faisst's substitute; took 
charge of all the female classes In 
1885, when he received the title of 
Boyal Professor; also became concert- 
critic for the Schwdbischer Merkur; 
later opera-critic for the Nenes Tage- 



Goldbeck 

blatt; and contributed to various Ger- 
man musical papers; became professor 
of harmony, history and advanced piano 
playing at University of Syracuse, N. Y., 
1890 ; teacher at the New England Cons., 
Boston, 1892-1896; at Institute of Mu- 
sical Art, New York, since 1905; author 
of 'Material Used in Musical Compo- 
sition' (1882), 'Theory and Practice of 
Tone Relations' (1892), 'Homophonic 
Forms of Musical Composition' (1898), 
'Exercises in Melody Writing' (1900), 
'Applied Counterpoint' (1902), 'Lessons 
in Musical Form' (1904), 'Exercises in 
Elementary Counterpoint' (1910), 'The 
Essentials of Music History' (with 
Thomas Tapper, 1914) ; composer of 
piano pieces, songs, etc. 

GOETZ. See GoTZ. 

GOGAVINUS, Anton Hermann 
(16th cent.) : Dutch writer; physician 
at Venice, a friend of Zarlino; pub. 
the first Latin translation of the Har- 
monicee of Aristoxenos and of Ptolemy; 
also fragments of Aristotle and Por- 
phyry (1552). 

GOGOL.: Russian poet. Ref.: III. 39, 
108, 123, 136, 138; IX. 389, 398, 410; X. 
104, 171. 

GOHLER, [Kabl] Georg (1874- ): 
b. Zwickau; writer and composer; 
studied at the Univ and Cons, of Leip- 
zig, obtaining his Dr. phil. at the 
former with a study on the composi- 
tions of Cornelius Freundt (16th cent.) ; 
director of the Riedelvereln, 1898; court 
Kapellmeister at Altenburg, 1903, and 
at Karlsruhe, 1907-9, again director of 
the Riedelverein and of the orchestral 
concerts of the newly founded Musical 
Society of Leipzig from 1909 ; conductor 
of the New Opera and singing teacher 
in Hamburg, from 1913; composer of 
2 symphonies, an orchestral suite, songs 
and men's choruses; author of nu- 
merous essays In the Kunstwart, the 
section on music in Hinneberg's Kul- 
tuT der Gegenwert (1907), Keine Kon- 
zerttantiemen (1904), Vber mnsikalische 
Kultur (1908), etc.; pub. Weinachts- 
buch of Cornelius Freundt (28 cho- 
ruses), 10 orchestral pieces of J. A. 
Hasse (1904), Geistliche Musik aufge- 
fiihrt vom Riedelverein in Leipzig, 
Haydn's Harmonie Messe (1910) and 
Spiel- nnd Tanzlieder (1913), Schu- 
bert's Stabat Mater and Mozart's ballet 
music Les petits riens. 

GOLDBECK, Robert (1839-1908) : 
b. Potsdam, d. St. Louis; pianist and 
composer; studied with Kohler and 
LitolfF; concert tours; piano teacher 
in New York, 1857-1867; founded a 
music school in Boston, 1867, and con- 
ducted a conservatory in Chicago, 1868- 
1873; conductor of the Harmonic So- 
ciety and director of the Beethoven 
Cons., St. Louis, 1873-1880; taught in 
New York, 1880-1885, and in St. Louis 
from 1885; composed three operas, a 
cantata, some pieces for orchestra, 2 
piano concertos, a piano quintet, a 
string sextet, songs and numerous 



177 



Goldberg 

■works for piano; author of "Three 
Graduating Courses' (6 vols.). 

GOIiDBBRG (1) Johann Theopbi- 
1ns [Gottlieb] (ca. 1730-1760) : b. K6- 
nigsberg, d. Dresden (?) ; famous organ 
and clavichord player; chamber musi- 
cian to Count Brilhl; studied under 
Friedemann Bach and later J. S. Bach; 
■wrote 2 concertos, 24 polonaises, and 
a sonata ■with minuet and 12 varia- 
tions, for clavichord; 6 trios for ilute, 
violin and bass; a motet, a cantata, a 
Psalm (all unpub.). Ref.: (Goldberg 
Variations) VII. 67. (2) Joseph Pas- 
qnale (1825-1890) : b. Vienna, d. there ; 
vocal teacher; brother of Fanny G. 
Marini and Catherine G. Strassi, sing- 
ers; studied violin under Mayse- 
der and Seyfried; singing under Ru- 
bini, Bordogni and Lamperti; appeared 
as a bass singer at Genoa, 1843, in 
Donizetti's La Regina di Golconda; 
sang in Italy several years; was con- 
cert singer and teacher in Paris and 
in London after 1861; pub. La Marcia 
trionfale for Victor Emmanuel's entry 
into Rome; also several songs. 

golds: (1) Joseph G.: director of 
the Soller singing society at Erfurt. 
(2) Adolf (1830-1880) : son of (1) ; suc- 
ceeded to the directorship of the Er- 
furt society. He composed a symphony 
and other orchestral pieces, also piano 
music of the popular salon order. 

GOIiDMARK (1) Karl (1830-1915) : 
b. Keszthely, Hungary; composer; 
studied violin with Jansa at Vienna, 
theory with Bohm at the Cons., for the 
rest was self-taught. In 1858 he played 
a piano concerto of his own in Vienna, 
then produced a trio, a piano quar- 
tet, string quartets, etc.; also the con- 
cert-overture Sakuntala (op. 13), and 
an orchestral 'Scherzo, Andante, and 
Finale' (op. 19). His first opera. Die 
Konigin von Saba (Vienna, 1875), was 
followed by Merlin (Vienna, 1886), 
and Das Heimchen am Herd (after 
Dickens), (Vienna, 1896), Die Kriegs- 
gefangene (Vienna, 1899), and Der 
Fremdling. He also wrote 2 male 
choruses, the popular 'Rustic Wed- 
ding' symphony (op. 27) ; a second 
symphony (E flat) ; 3 more overtures, 
Im Friihling, 'Prometheus Bound,' and 
'Sappho'; an orchestral scherzo, 2 
suites for violin and piano, other 
chamber music, songs, etc. Ref.: 
VIII. 320f; mus. ex., XIV. 37. (2) 
Rubin (1872- ): b. New York; 
nephew of Karl (l) ; studied at Vienna 
Cons, (composition with Fuchs), then 
■with Joseffy (piano) and Dvorak 
(comp.). He taught at the National 
Cons., New York, Colorado College, 
etc., and gave many lecture-recitals. 
His compositions include chamber mu- 
sic (violin sonata, trio, string quartet) 
which won the Paderewski prize, 1910 ; 
also a Theme and Variations and an 
overture for orch., piano pieces, songs, 
etc. Ref.: TV. 381; portrait. III. 246. 

GOLDONI, Carlo (1707-1793): b. 



Gollnem 

Venice, d. Paris; creator of the Italian 
comedy of manners; wrote 200 stage 
pieces, including many opera libretti. 
Ref.: IX. 498. 

GOLDSCHMIDT (1) Slgmund (1815- 
1877): b. Prague, d. Vienna; distin- 
guished pianist; pupil of Tomasehek; 
created a sensation in Paris with his 
brilliant playing, from 1845 to 1849. 
There he also published a number of 
compositions for piano and orchestra, 
but later he succeeded to his father's 
banking business and ceased to fol- 
low music as a profession, (2) Otto 
(1829-1907): b. Hamburg, d. London; 
brilliant pianist; pupil of I. Schmltt 
and F. W. Grund and studied in the 
Leipzig Cons.ervatory with von Billow, 
under Mendelssohn and, finally, under 
Chopin in Paris, 1848. Went to Lon- 
don, ■where he played at a Jenny Lind 
concert, 1849; followed her to Amer- 
ica, 1851, and then married her. He 
was leader of the music festivals in 
Diisseldorf, 1863, and again in Ham- 
burg, 1866; acted as substitute director 
of the London Royal Academy of Mu- 
sic, 1863; organized the Bach Choir in 
London, 1875, and brought it to a 
flourishing condition. His works in- 
clude 'The Choral Book' (in collabo- 
ration with Bennett, 1862; supplement, 
1864) ; the Biblical idyl, 'Ruth,' piano 
pieces, a trio, songs, etc. (3) Adal- 
bert ■Fon (1848- ) : b. Vienna and 
studied at the Conservatory there; a 
studious amateur and ardent Wagner- 
ite. He composed Die Sieben Tod- 
siXnden, a cantata (1875), and an op- 
era, Helianthus (Leipzig, 1884) ; also 
a trilogy, Gaea (1889), songs, piano 
pieces, etc. Ref.: III. 241. (4) Hugo 
(1859- ) : b. Breslau, where he 
studied under Hirschberg and SchafTer; 
abandoned music for a ■while, but 
in 1887 began studying singing un- 
der Stockhausens in Frankfort, then 
studied musical history under Bohn, 
in Breslau; became a director in 
the Scharwenka-Klindworth Conserva- 
tory, in Berlin, 1893. Among his 
works are Die italienlshe Gesang- 
methode des 17. Jahrhunderts (1890) ; 
Der Vokalismus des neuhochdeutschen 
Kunstgesangs und der BUhneasprache 
(1892) ; Handbuch der deutschen Ge- 
sangspddagogik (1896) ; Studien zuT 
Geschichte der italienischen Oper im 
n. Jahrhundert (2 vols., 1901-04) ; Die 
Lehre von der vokalen Ornamentik 
(1907) ; and various minor articles. 

GOLDWIIV, John (ca. 1670-1719) : d. 
London, where he was organist at St. 
George's Chapel, composer of church 
music, whose works are preserved in 
MS. in Christ Church, Oxford; a serv- 
ice being printed in Arnold's 'Cathedral 
Music' and anthems in collections of 
Boyce and Page. 

GOLINEIilil, Stefano (1818-1891) : 
b. Bologne, d. there; pianist and com- 
poser; studied under Donelli and Vac- 
cai; toured Italy, France, England and 



178 



Golisciani 

Germany, 1842; taught piano and be- 
came piano professor in the Liceo Musi- 
cale, Bologne, until 1870; composed 
about 300 piano pieces. Including 5 
sonatas, 3 toccatas, 24 preludes, 12 
studies, etc. 

GOIilSCIANI, EnTlco: librettist. 
Ref.: IX. 499. 

GOLLERICH, Angnst (1859- ): 
b. Linz; studied with Bruckner and 
Liszt; took over the Ramann Music 
School at Nuremberg, 1890, and found- 
ed branches in Furth, Erlangen, and 
Ansbach; since 1896 director of the 
Musikverein and the Schubertbund at 
Linz; author of A. Reissmann als 
Schriftsteller und Komponist (1884), 
a biography of Liszt in Reclam's Vni- 
versalbibliothek (1887), a small vol- 
ume on Beethoven (1904), a sketch of 
Liszt with catalogue of his collected 
works (1908), guides to Liszt's Graner 
mass (1897), Wagner's Nibelungen 
(1897), etc. 

GOIiLMICK (1) Karl (1796-1866): 
b. Dessau, d. Frankfurt; writer; for 
many years repetitor at the Municipal 
Theatre of Frankfurt; composed many 
piano pieces and songs; author of a 
Praktische Gesangschule, a Leitfaden 
fur jnnge Musiklehrer, Kritische Ter- 
minologie fur Musiker und Musik- 
freunde (1833), Musikalische Nouel- 
len und Silhouetten (1838), Feld- 
zuge und Streitereten im Gebiete der 
Tonkunst (1846), Karl Guhr (1848), 
Rosen und Dornen (1887), Herr Fitis 
als Mensch, Kritiker, Theoretiker und 
Komponist (1852), Handlexikon der 
Tonkunst (1858) , Autobiographie (1866), 
articles, librettos, translations, etc. (2) 
Adolf (1825-1883): b. Frankfurt, d. 
London; son of (1); pianist and vio- 
linist; composer of operas, cantatas, 
orchestral and chamber music. 

GOIiOVIlVE}, Russian artist. Ref.: 
IX. 378. 

GOIiTERMAlVX (1) GeoTS [Ed- 
nard] (1824-1898): b. Hanover, d. 
Frankf ort-on-Main ; studied under 
Prell, Menter at Munich, and Lachner; 
made concert-tours, 1850-52; became 
musical director at Wiirzburg, 1852; 
second Kapellmeister at the Frankfort 
Theatre, 1853; first, 1874; composed 
for 'cello; 6 concertos, sonatas with 
pianoforte, Morceaux caractiristiques 
with pianoforte, Danses allemandes 
with pianoforte. Adagio with orchestra, 
Elegie with pianoforte; also a sym- 
phony in A minor (op. 20), 2 Festspiel- 
Ouvertilren (op. 24 and 94), and songs. 
(2) Johann August Jnllns (1825- 
1876): b. Hamburg, d. Stuttgart; 'cel- 
list; teacher at Prague Cons., 1850-62; 
first 'cello at Stuttgart, 1862. (3) 
Angmst (1826-1890): d. Schwerin; 
court pianist. 

GOMBBRT, Nicolas (ca. 1495-1570) : 
b. Bruges; was a pupil of Josquin 
des Pris. He was master of the 
boys at the Imperial Chapel, Madrid, 
1530. Through the patronage of 



Goodban 

Charles V he was enabled to retire in 
his old age. F^tis calls him a fore- 
runner of Palestrina; but he had a 
preference for secular and pastoral mu- 
sic, with a decidedly sentimental lean- 
ing. In his sacred works he discarded 
rests, thus rendering his polyphony 
more connected and fuller than that of 
earlier composers. He "wrote 2 books 
of motets a 4 (Book II, 1541), 2 books 
of motets a 5 (1541), a book of masses 
a 5 (1549), a book of chansons a 5-6 
(1544). Ref.: I. 296f. 

GOMBZ, Antonio Carlos (1839- 
1896): b. Campinas, Brazil; d. Pari; 
pupil of Rossi in Milan Cons. He 
produced the operas A noite do cas- 
tello (Rio de Janeiro, 1861) ; Se sa 
minga (Milan, 1867) ; 11 Guarang, 
ballet opera (Milan, 1870) ; Salvator 
Rosa (Venice, 1874) ; Maria Tudor (Mi- 
lan, 1877) ; Lo Schiavo (Rio, 1889), also 
2 very popular 'Reviews,' a hymn to 
celebrate American independence (1876) 
and the cantata Colombo (1892). Ref.: 
IIL 408. 

GOMIZ, Jos6 Melchlor (1791-1836): 
b. Onteniente, Valencia; d. Paris; band- 
master in Valencia; prod, an opera. 
La Aldeana, in Madrid, where he pub. 
a volume of patriotic songs in 1823; 
went to Paris because of political un- 
rest and obtained some vocal pupils 
from Garcia; pub. a Vocal Method, 
then taught in London, 1826-29, where 
he prod, a choral work, L'lnverno; 
again in Paris he prod, comic operas, 
Le diable a Seville, Le revenant, Le 
portefaix and Mock le Rarbu; also 
music to Aben Humaya; some grand 
operas remained MS. He is said to be 
the composer of the patriotic song El 
himno de Riego. Berlioz thought very 
highly of his works. 

GOMO£ka, Nicholas (1539-1609) : 
b. Cracow [?], d. Jazlowiecz, Galicia; 
composer; meinber of the Polish court 
band; published Melodie na psalterz 
polski (1680), melodies to texts of the 
Polish poet, Jan Kochanowski. 

GOMPERTZ, Richard (1859- ) : 
b. Cologne; studied at the Cons, there 
and with Joachim; concert violinist; 
taught at Cambridge University, the 
London College of Music and in Dres- 
den; his compositions consist chiefly 
of sonatas for his instrument. 

GONZAGA, Duke Vlncenzo. Ref.: 
IX 9 

GOODBAN (1) Thomas (1780- 
1863): b. Canterbury, d. there; choris- 
ter, leader and director of the Catch 
Club there; wrote methods for violin 
and pianoforte, etc. (2) Charles (1812- 
1881): b. Canterbury, d. Hove; son of 
Thomas; Mus. B. Oxon. (3) Henry 
William (1816- ): son of (1), 'cel- 
list and composer of overture played 
at Crystal Palace. (4) Thomas (1822-) : 
son of Thomas (1) ; violinist. (5) 
James Frederic (1833-1903): nephew 
of (1) ; d. Harborne, Kent; Tioliuist 
and organist. 



179 



Goodgroome 

GOODGROOME (1) Jobn (ca. 

1630-1704): composer; chorister at 
Windsor, gentleman of the Chapel 
Royal; musician in ordinary to the 
King. (2) Jobn (18th cent.) : organist 
in Cornhill. (3) Theodore: singing 
teacher to Pepys and his wife. 

GOODBNDAG, Johannes (15th 
cent.) : Carmelite monk in Ferrara, the- 
oretician, teacher of Franchinus Ga- 
furlus; a Kyrie composed by him, dated 
1473, is preserved in manuscript in 
Ferrara (reproduced in Forkel's Mu- 
sikgeschichte II. and Marpurg's Kri- 
tische Brief e II.). 

. GOODHART, A. M.: contemp. Eng- 
lish composer of organ and church 
music. Ref.: III. 442. 

GOODRICH (1) Alfred John 
(1847- ): b. Chilo, O.; writer; 
taught in New York, Fort Wayne, St. 
Louis, Abingdon, Chicago, London, and 
since 1910 in Paris; author of 'Music 
as Language' (1881), 'The Art of Song* 
(1888), 'Complete Musical Analysis' 
(1889), 'Analytical Harmony' (1894), 
'Theory of Interpretation' (1898), 'The- 
ory of Interpretation Applied to Ar- 
tistic Performances' (1899), 'Guide to 
Memorizing Music' (1900). (2) [John] 
Wallace (1871- ): b. Newton, 
Mass.; dean of New England Cons., 
Boston, since 1907; organist (Trinity 
Ch. and Boston Symphony) ; founder 
of the Choral Art Society, Boston; also 
conducted St. Cecilia Soc, Worcester 
Festivals, Boston Opera Co., etc. Ref.: 
TV. 208. 

GOODSON (1) Richard (1655-1718): 
d. Greta Tew; organist and professor 
of music in Oxford University; Mus. 
D. ; composed Odes still extant. (2) 
Richard (d. Oxford, 1741): son of (1), 
Mus. B. Oxon. ; organist at Newbury 
and successor to his father's posts. (3) 
Katherine (1872- ): b. Watford., 
Eng. ; studied at the Royal Academy 
of Music and with Leschetizky; pianist 
in London Popular Concerts and on 
tours in Europe and the United States; 
has appeared with leading orchestras 
in London, Vienna, Paris, Leipzig, New 
York, etc.; wife of Arthur Hinton, com- 
poser. 

GGOD'WIjr, Amlna Beatrice: con- 
temp. English pianist; b. Manchester, 
England; studied with her father, 
Reinecke, Jadassohn, Delaborde, Liszt 
and Clara Schumann; founder of a 
school in London; wrote on technique 
and composed for piano. 

GOOSSENS (1) Ensene (1845?- 
1906) : b. Belgium, d. Liverpool ; stud- 
ied in Bruges and the Brussels Con- 
servatory; choirmaster, conductor and 
professor of music in Liverpool. (2) 
Bngene, Jr. (1893- ) : son of (1) ; 
conductor of Carl Rosa Opera Co.; 
studied at Brussels Cons, and Royal 
Coll. of Music (Stanford, etc.) ; com- 
poser of symphonic variations for 



Gtbmer 

GOOVAERTS, Alphonse Jean Ma- 
rie Andre (1847- ): b. Antwerp; 
composer and historian; composed a 
Messe solennelle for chorus, orchestra 
and organ, a mass for 4 voices with 
organ, smaller church works, motets, 
Flemish songs, etc.; author of His- 
toire et bibliographie de la typo- 
graphie musicale, etc. (1880), La ma- 
sique d'iglise (1876), monographs on 
Pierre Phalfese, etc.; founded a choir 
in the Antwerp cathedral to revise the 
old church music of the Netherlands. 

GOPFERT, Karl Andreas (1768- 
1818) : b. Rimpar, near WUrzburg, d. 
Meiningen; clarinet virtuoso and com- 
poser; composed 4 clarinet concertos, 
a symphonic concertante for clarinet 
and bassoon, a horn concerto, duets 
for 2 clarinets, for 2 horns, for guitar 
and flute, 5 quartets for clarinet, vio- 
lin, viola and bass, quintets and octets 
for wind instruments, etc. 

GORCZCKI, Gregor Gabriel (ca. 
1650-1734) : d. Cracow ; director of mu- 
sic at the Cracow Cathedral and com- 
poser of church music. 

GORDIGIANI(l) Giovanni Battlsta 
(1795-1871): b. Mantua, d. Prague; was 
first an opera, then a concert singer; 
after 1822 he was teacher of singing in 
the Prague Cons. He wrote consider- 
able church music, many songs and 3 
operas, Pygmalion (1845), Consuelo 
(1846) and Lo scrivano publico (1850). 
(2) Lnigi (1806-1860): b. Modena, d. 
Florence; produced 7 operas, a ballet, 
an oratorio and 3 cantatas, but is 
chiefly famous for his Tuscan popular 
songs, founded on old folk poems. 
Ricordl has pub. 2 vols, of the Canti 
popolari italiani. Ref.: V. 266. 

GORDON (1) John (1702-1739); b. 
Ludgate, d. there; studied at West- 
minster and Cambridge; professor of 
music at Gresham College. (2) 'Wil- 
liam (18th-19th cent.) : studied with 
Drouet; Swiss flutist of English par- 
entage; Invented improvements in flute 
construction, but had no success in 
Germany, Paris or London, a disap- 
pointment which resulted in insani^, 
1836. 

GORING-THOMAS, Arthur. See 
Thomas. 

GORITZ, Otto: contemp. German 
operatic baritone, chiefly famous for 
his Wagnerian roles (Beckmesser, etc.) ; 
member of the Metropolitan Opera Co., 
New York, where he created the 'Spiel- 
mann' in Humperdinck's KonigskindeT 
(1911). Ref.: IV. 149. 

GORIilER, Simon (16th cent.) : mu- 
sic printer and composer at Lyons; 
pub. 4 books of instrumental works, 
1558-60 iTabulature de flute a I'Alle- 
mand, Tabulature d'espinette, Tabula- 
ture de guiterne, Tabulature du cistre), 
Musique tant a. jouer qu'a chanter a 
i ou 5 parties (1560). 

GORIVER (1) Johann Gottlieb 



orch. etc.; resident in England. Ref.:\ (1697-1778): b. Penig, Saxony, d. Leip- 
III. 441. Izig; organist of the Paulinerkirche. 



I zig; 

180 



Gomo 

1716, and the Thomaskirche, 1721; 
founded a Collegium musicum, 1723; 
musical director of the Paullnerklrche, 
1736. (2) Johann Valentin (1702-[?] ) : 
b. Penig, d. Hamburg; brother of (1); 
musical director of the Hamburg Cathe- 
dral; pub. Sammlung neuer Oden utid 
Lieder (3 parts, 1742, 1744, 1752). 

GORNO, Albino: b. Cassalmorano, 
Cremona, Italy; studied at Milan Con- 
servatory; pianist; accompanied Patti 
in America, 1881-82; profesor of piano- 
forte at Cincinnati College of Music; 
composed an opera, cantatas, etc. 

GOROIiDT, Jobann Helnricli (1773- 
after 1853) : b. Stempeda, near Stol- 
berg, d. Quedlinburg; composer and 
writer; composed piano pieces, cho- 
rales for men's voices with organ, can- 
tatas, hymns, motets, etc.; author of 
Leitfaden zum griindlichen Vnterricht 
im Generalbass und der Komposition 
(2 vols., 1815-16), Die Kunst nach 
Noten. zu singen (1832), Handbuch der 
Musik (1832), Die Orgel und deren 
zweckmdssiger Gebrauch (1835), Ge- 
danken und Bemerkungen fiber Kirchen- 
musik (1830), Ausfixhrliche theoretisch- 
prakiische Bornschule (1830). 

GORRIA, Toblo. See BoiTO, Abbigo. 

GORTBR, Albert (1862- ) : b. Nu- 
remberg; studied music at the Munich 
Academy and was Kapellmeister at the 
theatres of Ratisbon, Treves, Elberfeld, 
Breslau, Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Leipzig 
and Strassburg successively; since 1910 
municipal Kapellmeister at Mayence; 
composer of the operas Der Schatz des 
Rhampsinit (1894), Das siisse Gift 
(1906) and Paria (1908), also orches- 
tral and piano pieces, songs, etc. 

GOSS (1) Jobn Jeremtab (1770- 
1817): b. Salisbury, d. London; chor- 
ister at Salisbury cathedral; altoist at 
Chapel Royal, St. Paul's and West- 
minster. (2) [Sir] Jobn (1800-1880) : 
b. Fareham, Hampshire; d. Brixton 
(London) ; choir boy in the Chapel 
Royal; pupil of Attwood, whom he 
later succeeded as organist of St. Paul's 
(to 1872) ; composer to the Chapel Royal 
after Knyvett's death; Mus. D. Camb., 
1876j composed anthems, Te Deums, 
services; also orchestral pieces, glees, 
songs; wrote an 'Introduction to Har- 
mony and Thorough Bass' (1833) ; 
'Pianoforte Student's Cathechism of the 
Rudiments of Music' (1835) ; edited 
'Chants Ancient and Modem' (with 
W. Mercer, 1841), 'Church Psalter and 
Hymn Book' (1862) and 'The Organist's 
Companion' (organ pieces, 4 books). 
Ref.: VI. 475. 

GOSSEC, Francois-Joseph (1734- 
1829): b. Vergnies, Belgium; d. Passy. 
After studying the violin at Antwerp, 
he went to Paris (1751) with letters 
to Rameau, and became conductor of 
La Pouplinifere's private orchestra. 
His first symphonies, influenced by 
those of Stamitz and the Mannheim 
school, were the first of their kind in 
France, preceding Haydn's by 5 years. 



Gottschald 

He also pub. string quartets, begin- 
ning 1759. G. became conductor of 
Prince Conti's orch. at Chantilly, in 
1760. In 1770 he founded the Concerts 
des Amateurs; in 1773 he reorganized 
the Concerts Spirituels, at first direct- 
ing them conjointly with Gavinifis and 
Leduc aini, then alone till 1777. Mean- 
time he had become interested in op- 
era, and produced Le faux Lord (176f), 
Les Picheurs (1766), Toinon et Toinette 
(1767), Le double diguisement (1767), 
Sabinus (1773), Alexis et Daphne 
(1775), Philimon et Baucis, ballet 
(1775), Hyles et Sylvie (1776), La 
fete du village (1778), Thisie (1782), 
Rosine (1786), Les visitandines (with 
Trial), and La reprise de Toulon 
(1796); also Berthe (Brussels, 1775) 
and Les Sabots et le cerisier (1803). 
He was assistant conductor of the 
Op^ra, 1780-82. In 1784 he established 
and became the manager of the ficole 
Royale de Chant. This was the nucleus 
of the Conservatoire, of which G. be- 
came Inspector (with Cherubinl and 
Lesueur) in 1795. He also became a 
member of the new Institut de France, 
and in 1815 he retired to Passy. His 
26 orchestral symphonies constitute G.'s 
most important work. They mark an 
epoch in French music by bringing an 
enlargement of orchestral resources. 
Besides these there is a famous Re~ 
quiem, a Symphonie concertante for 
11 instruments, overtures, serenades, 
quartets for flute and strings, string 
trios, and violin duets; also 3 oratorios 
(Saul, La Nativite, L'Arche d'alliance), 
masses, Te Deums, and motets; also 
choruses to Racine's Athalie and 
Rochefort's tlectre. His revolutionary 
compositions, the festival plays Of- 
frande d la patrie (1792) and Le camp 
de Grand-Pre, as well as the Chant du 
tk Juillet (on the storming of the 
Bastille), and many hymns, marches, 
etc., should be mentioned as the ex- 
pression of his ardent democratic sen- 
timents. Ref: II. 41, 65, 68, 106; V. 
183; VI. 284; VIL 499; VIIL 92, 147, 
169, 324; portrait, VIIL 166. 

GOSTLING, [Rev.] Jobn (ca. 1650- 
1733) : bass singer in the Chapel Royal, 
minor canon at Canterbury, sub-dean 
of St. Paul's and prebendary of Lin- 
coln; Purcell's anthem, 'They that go 
down to the sea in ships,' was writ- 
ten to cover his remarkable range, D-e'. 

GOTTHARD, Johann Peter (Flizdi' 
rek) (1839- ): b. Drahanowitz, Mo- 
ravia ; settled in Vienna, where he con- 
ducted the Orchestral Union and di- 
rected a publishing house. He wrote 
the comic opera Iduna (Gotha, 1889) 
and 4 others (not prod.), also an orch. 
suite, 6 string quartets, a piano 
quintet, choruses, songs, etc.; co- 
editor of the Vniversalhandbnch der 
MusikliteratuT. 

GOTTSCHALD, Ernst (1826- ): 
b. Elterlein, Saxony; jurist, who wrote 
popular analyses of the sonatas and 



181 



Gottschalg 

symphonies of Beethoyen. His pen- 
name was 'von Elterlein.' 

GOTTSCHAIiG, Alexander WU- 
helm (1827-1908) : b. Mechelrode, near 
Weimar, d. Weimar; studied with 
Topfer and Liszt; teacher at Tiefurt; 
succeeded Topfer as music teacher at 
the Weimar Seminary and court or- 
ganist; also teacher of musical history 
at the Grand Ducal Music and Orches- 
tra School; from 1865 editor of Urania, 
and from 1872 musical reviewer of 
Dittes' Pddagogischer Jahresbericht; 
also editor of Chorgesang, 1885-97; 
pub. the organ works of Litzau and 
Topfer, a choral book, a historical mu- 
sic album, a Hesse organ album, a 
biography of Topfer, Repertorium filr 
die Orgel (with Liszt), Kleines Hand- 
lexikon der Tonkunst (1867), Liszt und 
sein legendarischer Kantor [G.] (1908) ; 
Franz Liszt in Weimar und seine 
letzten Lebensjahre (1910) ; composed 
church songs, choruses, piano and or- 
gan pieces. 

GOTTSCHALK (1) Lonls Moreau 
(1829-1869) : b. New Orleans, d. Rio de 
Janeiro; studied with Stamaty, Paris; 
concert pianist in France, Switzerland, 
Spain and the Americas; his repertoire 
consisted largely of his own composi- 
tions, of salon music, brilliant and 
often sentimental in character, also 
Spanish folk-songs. Ref.: TV. 307, 
33if; rous. ex., XIV. 191; portrait, IV. 
332. (2) Gaston: brother of Louis M. 
(1) ; singer and teacher in Chicago. 

GOTTWAIiD (1) Josepli (1754- 
1833) : b. Wilhelmstal, near Glatz, d. 
Breslau; choir-boy in Breslau Cathe- 
dral; chief organist at the Kreuzkirche, 
1783-1819, and at the cathedral from 
1819; composer of masses, motets, 
hymns, etc. (2) Heinrich (1821-1876) : 
b. Reichenbach, d. Breslau; studied 
violin with Pixis at the Prague Cons. ; 
musical director at Hohenelbe; teacher 
at Breslau; associate editor of the 
2Veue Zeitschrift filr Musik; composed 
orchestral works, masses, horn pieces, 
piano pieces, etc.; author of Ein Bres- 
lauer Augenarzt und die neue Mu- 
sikrichtung (1859). 

GOTZ (1) Franz (1755-C?]): b. 
Straschitz, Bohemia; played in the or- 
chestra of the theatre in Briinn ; was 
concert-master in Johannlsberg, later 
Kapellmeister in the Briinn theatre and 
finally Kapellmeister to the Archbishop 
of Olmutz. He wrote various sym- 
phonies, concertos and chamber music, 
which still exist in manuscript. (2) 
Hermann (1740-1876) : b. Konigsberg, 
Prussia, d. Hottingen, near Ziirich; 
was a pupil of Kohler, Stem, Billow 
and H. Ulrich at the Stern Cons. He 
succeeded Th. Kirchner as organist at 
Winterthur; founded a singing society, 
conducted operas, composed and taught, 
settling at Ziirich in 1867, and Hot- 
tingen in 1870. Aside from his chef 
d'oeuvre, the opera Der Widerspensti- 
gen Zahmung (Mannheim, 1874), he 



Gotze 

composed Francesca von Rimini 
(Mannheim, Sept. 30, 1877) ; a sym- 
phony in F; a setting of Schiller's 
Nanie and other choral works; a 
FrUhlingsouverture ; a concerto each for 
violin and piano; a piano quintet with 
double bass (C min.); a piano quartet 
in E, a piano trio in G min., a piano 
sonata, 4 hands; 2 books of songs, etc. 
Ref.: III. viii, 209, 239, 245f; IX. 420. 

GQTZE} (1) Johann Ntkolaus Kon- 
rad (1791-1861): b. Weimar, d. there; 
violinist; studied violin under Spohr 
at Gotlia, Miiller at Weimar, and 
Kreutzer at Paris; musical director to 
the Grand Duke, 1826-48, and chorus- 
master at the opera; gave concerts 
in Vienna and elsewhere; prod, 4 
operas at Weimar, vaudevilles and 
melodramas, also wrote chamber-mu- 
sic. (2) Franz (1814-1888): b. Neu- 
stadt-on-Orla, d. Leipzig; studied vio- 
lin under Spohr at Cassel; joined the 
Weimar court orchestra in 1831; stud- 
ied singing, and was leading opera- 
tenor at Weimar, 1836-1852; taught 
singing in the Leipzig Conservatory, 
1853-67; privately after 1867; wrote a 
pamphlet, Fiinfzehn Jahre meiner Lehr- 
thatigkett (1868). (3) Angusta (1840- 
1908) : daughter of (2) ; b. Weimar, d. 
Leipzig; vocal teacher; taught in the 
Dresden Conservatory, 1870-75; estab- 
lished a singing-school in Dresden; en- 
gaged at the Leipzig Conservatory, 
1891; pub. Vher den Verfall der Ge- 
sangskunst (1884), also some stage 
poems as 'Auguste Weimar.' (4) Karl 
(1836-1887): b. Weimar, d. Magdeburg; 
studied under Topfer, Gebhardi, and 
Liszt; chorus-master at the Weimar op- 
era, 1885; theatre conductor at Magde- 
burg, Berlin, 1869, Breslau, 1872, and 
Chemnitz, 1875; composed the operas, 
Eine Abschiedsrolle, Die Korsen (Wei- 
mar, 1866), Gustav Wasa, der Held des 
Nordens (Weimar, 1868), Judith (Magde- 
burg, 1887) ; a symphonic poem JSine 
Sommernacht (op. 20), and other orches- 
tral music; pianoforte pieces, songs, etc. 
(5) Heinrlcli (1836-1906): b. Wartha, 
Silesia; d. Breslau; studied singing 
under Franz Gotze at the Leipzig Cons. ; 
taught music in Russia and Breslau; 
became teacher in the Llebenthal Sem- 
inary in 1871 ; and obtained a similar 
post at Ziegenhals, Silesia, in 1885; 
Royal Musikdirektor, 1889; composed 
2 serenades and 6 sketches for string- 
orchestra; a 4-part mass with orches- 
tra; pieces for organ and piano; songs, 
choruses, etc.; wrote Populare Abhand- 
lungen ilber Klavierspiel (1879), and 
Musikalische Schreibilbungen. (6) 

Emll (1856-1901) : b. Leipzig, d. Char- 
lottenburg; dramatic tenor; studied un- 
der Prof. Gustav Scharfe at Dresden; 
engaged at the court theatre, 1878-81, 
then at the Cologne theatre; afterwards 
sang in the principal German cities. 
(7) Marie (1865- ): b. Berlin; op- 
eratic mezzo-soprano; studied at Stern 
Cons., sang in Berlin (KroU and Royal 



182 



Goudimel 

operas), later in Hamburg, New York 
and Vienna; since 1892 a member of 
the Berlin Royal Opera. 

GOTJDIMEIi, Claude (ca. 1505- 
1572) : b. Vaison, near Avignon ; a 
church composer, who may have been 
a pupil of Josquin. The school long 
supposed to have been founded by him, 
was actually established by Gaudio 
Mell <q.v.) ; G. probably never was 
in Italy, He was a partner of the 
music-printer N. Duchemin in Paris 
(1555-1556). His compositions, in- 
cluding masses, motets, chansons, 
odes, psalm-settings were pub. in 
France, the oldest are in MS. (Vatican 
and at Valliscella). G. perished in the 
Massacre of St. Bartholomew, but was 
probably murdered at the instigation of 
jealous rivals, not for Protestantism. 
Re/.: I. 294f; VI. 96; mus. ex., XIII. 35. 

GOULD (1) Nathaniel Daren (1781- 
1864) : b. Chelmsford, Mass. ; d. Bos- 
ton; conductor of singing schools in 
New Hampshire and Massachusetts; of 
the Middlesex Musical Society, 1807; 
went to Boston in 1819. Besides edit- 
ing several collections of hymn-tunes, 
he pub. a 'History of Church Music in 
America' (1853). Ref.: IV. 242. (2) 
Sabine Baring (1834- ) : b. Exeter, 
England; pub. 'Songs of the West,' 
'Garland of Country Song,' 'English 
Minstrelsy' (8 vols., 1895), 'Book of 
Nursery Songs and Rhymes' (1895) ; 
composer of sacred songs. 

GOUBfD, Robert (1865- ): b. 
Seckenheim, near Heidelberg; studied 
at the Leipzig and Vienna Cons.; 
teacher in Vienna; composer of a Ro- 
mantic Suite for piano and violin, a 
piano quartet and songs. 

GOUNOD, Charles-Franeois (1818- 
1893): b. Paris, d. there; received his 
first lessons from his mother. He 
studied further at the Conserva- 
toire, under Reicha, Hal^vy, Lesueur 
and Paer and won the 2nd Prix de 
Rome, 1837, and the Grand Prix de 
Rome, 1839, both with cantatas. His 
compositions in Rome were of similar 
character, a Mass, Requiem (performed 
in Vienna, 1842), and after his return 
to Paris he devoted himself at first 
exclusively to church music, being at 
the point of taking orders himself. His 
symphony in E-flat, however, was fol- 
lowed by an opera Sapho (unsuccess- 
fully prod., 1851; later revised and re- 
vived, 1884). This was followed by 
others, as follows: La Nonne san- 
glante, 5-act grand opera (1854), Le 
Medecin malgri lui, com.-op. (1858), 
Faust (1859), Philimon et Baucis 
(1860), La Reine de Saba (1862), Mi- 
reille (1864), La Colombe (1866), 
Romeo et Juliette (1867), Cinq Mars 
(1877), Polyeucte (1878), Le tribut de 
Zamora (1881). All but Faust and 
Romio had indifferent success. On 
these two and his choral works rests 
his fame. The latter include 5 masses, 
a Stabat Hater, the oratorio Tobie, the 



Graben-Hoffinann 

'Seven Last Words,' '.Tesus on the Lake 
Tlberiad,' Te Deum, Pater Noster, Ave 
Verum, O Salutaris, the cantatas, 
Gallia, A la Frontiire, Le vin des 
Gaulois et la danse de I'ipie, choruses 
to Ponsard's Vlysse (1852), Gallia, 
cantata, La Redemption (Birmingham, 
1882) and Mors et Vita (ibid., 1885), 
sacred trilogies, also music for church 
services, offertories, etc. He also wrote 
entr'actes to LegouvS's Les deax Reines 
(1872), and to Barbler's Jeanne d'Arc 
(1873). G. was conductor of the Or- 
ph^on (the united male choruses and 
vocal schools of Paris), 1852-60, and 
founder of Gounod's Choir in London, 
which gave large concerts in the Crystal 
Palace and at the Philharmonic. He 
was a commander of the Legion d'Hon- 
neur and a member of the Institute. 
G. wrote a Method for the cor a pistons, 
a book on Le Don Juan de Mozart and 
many critical articles in various jour- 
nals. Ref.: 11. 207, 386ff, 438; III. 7, 
278; IV. 356; vocal works, V. 278f, 298, 
313f; VL 205f, 245, 286f, 341f; operas, 
IX. xiil, 223, 238tl; mus. ex., XIII. 261; 
portrait, IX. 248. 

GOURRON. See Alvarez. 

GOUVY, liUdwlg Tbeodore (1822- 
1898) : b. Goflontaine, near Saarbrucken, 
d. Leipzig; studied in Paris, Berlin 
and Italy; composer of 6 symphonies, 
overtures, songs, a large amount of 
chamber music, a Sinfonietta, sym- 
phonic paraphrases, piano sonatas, 
serenades, variations, etc., for piano, 
a Missa brevis for soli, chorus and or- 
chestra, a Requiem, a Stabat Mater, the 
passion cantata Golgatha, dramatic 
scenes for solo, chorus and orchestra, 
an opera, Cid, etc. 

GOW (1) Niel (1727-1807) : b. Inver, 
Dunkeld, Scotland; d. there; violinist 
and composer; studied under John 
Cameron; wrote six collections of 
'Strathspey Reels' (1784-1822). (2) 
Natbaniel (1763-1831) : son of (1) ; 
violinist and composer; leader of the 
Edinburgh Concerts for several years 
after 1791; had a music-business in 
Edinburgh; composed the song 'Caller 
Herrin.' (3) Niel G., Jr. (1795-1823): 
son of (2); violinist and composer; 
wrote 'Bonnie Prince Charlie'; 'Flora 
McDonald's Lament,' etc. (4) George 
Coleman (1860- ) : b. Ayer Junction, 
Mass. ; studied in Pittsfield and Worces- 
ter, also with Biissler in Berlin; pro- 
fessor of music in Vassar College since 
1895; pub. 'Structure of Music' (1895), 
etc., also songs and part-songs. 

GOZZI. Ref.: DC. 259. 

GRAABT, Jean de (1852-1874) : b. 
Amsterdam, d. The Hague; studied 
with Joachim, violinist of note. 

GRABEN-HOFFMANTT, Gnstav 

(correctly Gustav Hoffmann) (1820- 
1900): b. Bnin, n. Posen, d. Potsdam; 
taught in Potsdam, studied with Haupt- 
mann in Leipzig and finally settled 
(1869) in Berlin as vocal teacher. He 
composed numerous songs, including 



183 



Grabowsky 

the once popular 500,000 Tenfel; also 
piano pieces, part-songs, duets, solfeggi. 
He wrote Die Pflege der Singstimme 
(1865) ; Das Stndinm des Gesangs 
(1872) and Praktische Methode als 
Grundlage fur den. Knnstgesang (1874). 
Ref.: V. 312. 

GRABOWSKY (1) Countess Clem- 
entine (1771-1831): b. Posen, d. Paris; 
where she lived from 1813; pianist; 
pxih. sonatas, polonaises, etc., for pi- 
ano. (2) Ambrolse (b. Galicia, 1782) : 
a Cracow bookseller who made musico- 
historical investigations; pub. a study 
of Polish composers of the period 1514- 
1659, also articles on Cracow musical 
life in the early 19th cent. (3) Stanis- 
laus (d. Vienna, 1852) : professor of 
piano at the Kszemenlcz Lyceum; pub. 
polonaises, mazurkas, etc., very popu- 
lar at the time, in Vienna. 

GRABTJ, Lewis (Lionis Grabnt) 
(17th cent.) : French violinist; engaged 
as Royal court composer in London, 
composer of music for the stage (mu- 
sic for 'Ariadne,* 'Timon of Alliens,' 
'Albion and Albanius'). After Pur- 
cell's advent, against which he could 
not hold his own, he returned to Paris, 
but again went to London later. 

GRXDEINER (1) Karl Georg Peter 
(1812-1883): b. Rostock, d. Hamburg; 
'cellist and quartet-player in Helsing- 
fors; then Musikdirektor at Kiel Univ., 
where he conducted a choral society. 
Later he founded a Singakademie at 
Hamburg, and taught singing and the- 
ory at Vienna Cons, and at the Ham- 
burg Cons. He wrote, besides a num- 
ber of flue choral works, including the 
oratorio 'John the Baptist,' 2 operas 
(MS.); 2 symphonies; overture to 
Fiesco; a piano concerto; a Romanza 
for violin and orch. ; a string octet ; 5 
piano quintets; 3 string quartets; 1 
string trio ; 2 piano trios ; 3 violin so- 
natas; a 'cello sonata (op. 59) ; a sonata 
for piano and violin, and a number of 
small pieces for the piano. He pub. a 
Harmonielehre (1877), and Gesammelte 
Aufsatze (Hamburg, 1872). Ret.: III. 
14. (2) Hermann (1844- ):b. Kiel; 
studied with his father (1) and at the 
Vienna Cons.; organist at Gumpendorf, 
1862; violinist in the Vienna court or- 
chestra, 1864; teacher of piano at the 
Horak Piano School, 1873, and since 
1877 at the Cons, of the Friends of 
Music; director of the Orchestral Union 
for Classic Music; lecturer in har- 
mony and counterpoint at the Univ. 
of Vienna since 1899 ; composer of a 
Capriccio and a Sinfonietta for orches- 
tra, variations for organ, strings and 
trumpet, a violin concerto, a 'cello 
concerto, a piano concerto, an octet 
for strings, 2 piano quintets, string 
quartets, 2 trios and other chamber 
music, piano pieces, songs, and a rhap- 
sody, Der Spielmaim, for soli, chorus 
and orchestra. 

GRAEW. See Gbeff. 

GRAF (1) Ii'riedTich Hartman 



Grammanii 

(1727-1795): b. Rudolstadt, d. Augs- 
burg; at first drummer, then flutist in 
Hamburg (also conductor of subscrip- 
tion concerts, 1761-64), travelled as 
flute virtuoso ; Kapellmeister in Augs- 
burg, etc.; composed an opera for Vi- 
enna (1779), also symphonies, quartets, 
contatas, concertos, etc. (2) Max 
(1873- ) : b. Vienna, where he stud- 
ied at the Univ. (Dr. jur.) and is music 
critic of the Neue Wiener Journal; 
pub. Deutsche Musik im 19. Jahrhund- 
ert (1898), Wagner-Probleme und an- 
dere Studien (1900), Die Musik im 
Zeitalter der Renaissance (1905), Die 
innere Werkstadt des Musikers, etc., 
also translated Rolland's Paris mu- 
sical, Bruneau's Mnsiciens franeats and 
La musique de Russie. Ref.: VIII. 271. 

GRAFE, Johann Friedricli (1711- 
1787): h. Brunswick, d. there; was the 
first after Sperontes to pave the way 
for the epoch of song composition in 
Germany by publishing collections of 
odes with melodies; he published 
Sammlung verschiedener und auser- 
lesener Oden (4 parts, 1737, 1739, 1741, 
1743), Oden und Schdfergedichte in 
Musik (1744), 50 Psalmen, geistliche 
Oden und Lieder (1762). 

GRAFF (1) Konrad (1783-1851) : b. 
Riedlingen, Swabia, d. Vienna; appren- 
ticed to the Vienna piano maker Jakob 
Schelkle; started in business for him- 
self, 1804, and was one of the leading 
piano manufacturers in Vienna ; piano 
maker to the Austrian court. (2) Wil- 
helm Fanl: poet. Ref.: VI. 200. 

GRAHAM, George Farqiihar (1789- 
1867): b. Edinburg, d. there; studied 
at Edinburgh Univ., chiefly self-taught 
in music; pub. a collection 'The Songs 
of Scotland' (3 vols. 1848-49, new ed. 
by Muir Wood, 1887); also some vocal 
compositions and theoretical essays. 

GRAHU, JLueile: ballerina. Ref.: 
X. 163f. 

GRAINGER, Percy Aldrldge 
(1883- ) : b. Brighton, Victoria, Aus- 
tralia; pianist; studied piano with 
Kwast at Frankfort; has toured ex- 
tensively, giving concerts of his own 
compositions; chosen by Edvard Grieg 
to play the Grieg Concerto at the Leeds 
Festival, 1907 ; first pianist to introduce 
the works of Debussy in Scandinavia, 
Britain and colonies ; has specialized 
in the study of primitive music and 
folk-songs; pub. more than 60 pieces 
for orchestra, chorus, chamber music, 
voice and piano; author of various ar- 
ticles in musical magazines. Ref.: 
III. 438f; VL 377; VH. 339. 

GRAMMANN, Karl (1844-1897) : b. 
Liibeck, d. Dresden; pupil of Leipzig 
Cons.; disciple of Wagner; composer 
of the operas Melusine, op. 24 (Wies- 
baden, 1875) ; Thusnelda und der Tri- 
umphzug des Germanicus, op. 29 (Dres- 
den, 1881) ; Das Andreasfest, op. 35 
(Dresden, 1882); Ingrid (2 acts), op. 
57; Das Irrllcht (1 act), op. 58 (Dres- 
den, 1894) ; also a Trauerkantate for 



184 



Granados 

soli, chorus and orch. ; 2 symphonies; 
string quartets and trios, violin sona- 
tas, piano pieces, songs, etc. Ref.: III. 
256. 

GRANADOS [y Camplna], Enrique 
(1867-1916) : b. Lerida, Catalonia, d. 
at sea (English channel steamer 'Sus- 
sex,' torpedoed by German submarine) ; 
pupil of Pujol and Pedrell, also of 
Charles de Beriot in Paris; pianist; 
composer of tlie operas Maria del Car- 
men (Miidrid, 1898), Folletto (frag- 
ments, prod. Barcelona, 1903) and 
Goyescas (New York, 1915). He also 
pub. several books of piano pieces 
(Danzas espanolas. Cantos de la juven- 
tud, Valses poeticos, Estudios espres- 
ivos, etc.), songs on texts by Apeles 
Mestres, Galician folk-songs and a 
symphonic poem. La nit del mart. 
Ref.: III. 406. 

GRANCINO, Paolo (17th cent.): 
violin maker In Milan; pupil of Nicola 
Amati. His sons, Giovanni Battista 
and Giovanni, were also violin mak- 
ers; the former also made 'cellos. 

GRATTDI (1) Allesandro de' ([?]- 
1630): b. Venice (?), d. Bergamo; 
church composer of the Venetian 
School; studied under G. Gabrieli; 
maestro di cappella at the Accad. delta 
Morte in Ferrara, 1597; singer at San 
Marco, Venice, 1617; succeeded Negri 
as vice-maesiro there, 1620; became 
maestro di cappella at Santa Maria 
Maggiore, Bergamo, 1627; pub. (1607- 
40) Madrigali concertati, litanies, ves- 
per psalms, Te Deums, Tantum ergos, 
6 vols, of 2- to 4-part motets; 8-part 
Messe Concertate; 2-, 3- and 4-part 
mottetti concertati; 3-part Salmi con- 
certati; and 3 vols, of 1- to 4-part 
motets with 2 violins. (2) Ottavio 
Maria: ca. 1610 organist at Reggio, 
violinist; pub. 22 sonatas (1-6 parts) 
with continuo. 

GRAIVDIS (1) Vincenzo de ([?]- 
1646) : singer in the Papal chapel, 
1605-30; pub. 8-part vespers and mo- 
tets. (2) Vlncenzo de (17th cent.) : 
ducal Kapellmeister at Hanover, 1675- 
80, subsequently at the court of Mo- 
dena; composed oratorios. 

GRANDJEAN, Axel Kari William 
(1847- ) : b. Copenhagen; pupil of 
tlie Cons, there; at first opera singer 
(one season), then teacher and com- 
poser; theatre Kapellmeister, choral 
conductor and chorus-master of the 
Royal Theatre at Copenhagen; prod. 
Danish operas and ballets, a choral 
work, Traegfuglen (1884), also piano 
pieces, songs, duets, etc. 

GRANDMOUGIN, diaries. Ref. : 
III. 293. 

GRAJVDVAIi, Mme. [Marie Faicie] 
Ciemence [de Reiset] Vicomtesse de 
(1830- ) : b. Saint-Remy-des-Monts, 
Sarthe, France; studied with Flotow 
and Saint-Saens; operatic composer for 
Paris and Bordeaux; wrote prize ora- 
torio, symphonic poem and songs. 

GRiUVEiR, Paul (1873- ) : b. Ber- 



Graun 

lin; Kapellmeister at the theatres of 
Bremerhaven, Konigsberg, Berlin, and 
at the Haymarket Theatre, London ; for 
some years teacher at the Royal Acad- 
emy of Music and later at the New 
Cons, of Vienna; director of the Mo- 
zarteum, Salzburg, 1910-13; has com- 
posed a symphony, a Sinfonietta, a 
string quartet, Kammermusikdichlun- 
gen for piano trio, a piano quintet, 
piano pieces, songs, choruses, the op- 
eras Das Narrengertcht (1913) and Don 
Juans letztes Abenteuer (1914). 

GRANINGER, Charles Albert 
(1861- ): b. Cincinnati; student and 
later professor in the College of Music 
there; director of several musical so- 
cieties. 

GRAN JON, Robert; music-printer 
and typefounder at Paris, 1523; 
Lyons, 1559, and Rome, 1582; engraved 
round note-heads, instead of the loz- 
enge-shaped ones then in use, and did 
away with the ligatures, etc. 

GRANOM, Lonis Christian Austin 
(18th cent.) : published sonatas, trios, 
etc., for flute. 

GRANT, James Augustus. Ref.: 
(cited) rv. 298. 

GRAPHEtJS, Hieronymus ([?]- 
1556) : music-printer and typefounder 
in Nuremberg (from 1533). His name 
is the Greek form for Formscbneider 
(type-cutter), which he assumed in 
place of his family name Resch. Ref.: 
VI. 37. 

GRAS, [Mme.] Julia Aim^e Dorus 
(1807- ): b. Valenciennes; operatic 
singer in Paris and London. 

GRASSE, Edwin (1874- ): b. 

New York City; blind violinist; stud- 
ied with Hauser in New York and 
Cesar Thomson in Brussels ; debut in 
Berlin, 1902; concertiaed in Europe and 
America. 

GRASSET, Jean Jacques (ca. 1767- 
1839) : b. Paris, d. there; violinist, con- 
ductor and professor. 

GRASSINI, Josepliina (1773-1850) : 
b. Varese, Lombardy, d, Milan; studied 
in Milan; debut there, 1794, in Artasere 
by Zingarelli; operatic contralto in 
Italian cities; sang in London, 1804, 
and Paris. Ref.: IX. 133. 

GRAST, Franz (1803-1871) : b. Ge- 
neva, d. there; founded a choral so- 
ciety at Geneva, with which he gave 
sacred and historical concerts; for 
many years teacher of theory at the 
Geneva Cons. ; composed pieces for 
chorus; author of Grand Tratti dt 
Vharmonie moderne and Traiti de Vin- 
strumentation moderne. 

GRATIANI. See Gkaziani. 

GRAU, Maurice (1848-1907) : b. 
Brunn, Austria, d. Paris ; operatic im- 
presario; manager of the New York 
Metropolitan Opera (1888-1903). Ref.: 
IV. 142ff, 149, 175, 177. 

GRAUMANN, Matlillde. See Mar- 

CHESI (3). 

GRAUN (1) August Friedrich 

(1698-1765): b. Wahrenbriick, Saxony, 

185 



draupnei" 

d. Merseburg; was from 1729 until his 
death choir leader in the cathedral of 
Merseburg. (2) Joliann Gottlieb (ca. 
1698-1771): b. Wahrenbrilck, d. Berlin; 
pupil of his brother (2) at the Kreuz- 
sehule, Dresden; studied violin with 
Pisendel and later Tartini at Padua. 
He conducted Crown Prince Frederick's 
orch. at Rheinsbeck 1728, and was 
leader in the Royal oreh. at Berlin from 
1740. He composed 40 symphonies, 20 
yiolin concertos, 24 string quartets, 
string trios, etc. Be/.; H. 58; V. 164; 
VH. 413, 414, 415, 420. (3) Karl Heln- 
rlch (1701-1759) : b. Wahrenbrilck, d. 
Berlin. He studied in the Kreuzschule, 
Dresden, and with J. C. Schmidt, and 
attended the opera under Lotti fre- 
quently. He became tenor in the Bruns- 
wick opera 1775, and there prod, his 
first opera Pollidoro (1726), followed 
by 5 more operas for Brunswick, where 
he had become vice-Kapellmeister. 
There Frederick the Great became his 
patron, for "whom he set a number of 
French cantatas, and by whom he was 
commissioned to establish the Italian 
opera in Berlin, which he conducted 
and for which he wrote 28 operas, 
including Rodelinda (1741), Arta- 
serse (1743), Catone in Utica (1744), 
Alessandro nelV Indie (1745), Adriano 
in Siria, Demofoonte (1746), Mitridate 
(1751), Semiramide (1754), Ezio (1755), 
Merope (1756). Hasse was his only 
German rival in opera. Nevertheless 
G. only survives as a composer of 
sacred music. Besides his surviving 
passion oratorio, Der Tod Jesu (1755), 
he wrote 2 passion cantatas, about 25 
other church-cantatas with orch., and 
20 Latin motets (a cappella) ; funeral 
music for his Royal patrons, and 2 
sets of church melodies for every day 
in the year. His instrumental music 
includes 12 concertos for harpsichord 
and strings, others for flute, etc., trios 
and organ fugues. Ref.: I. 416; U. 58; 
VI. 245f. 328; VIII. 140; IX. 33f, 45, 54, 
59. 

GRAUPNER (1) Christopli (1683- 
1760) : b. Kirchberg, Saxony, d. Darm- 
stadt; studied under Kuhiiau at the 
Thomasschule, Leipzig; accompanist at 
Hamburg to the opera iinder Keiser, 
1706; vice-Kapellmeister, 1710; com- 
posed 6 operas prod, in Hamburg, Dido 
(1707); Die lustige Hochzeit (1708), 
with Keiser; Hercules und Theseus 
(1708), Antiochus und Stratonice 
(1709), Bellerophon (1709), Simson 
(1709) ; also 3 for Darmstadt, Berenice 
und Lucio (1710), Telemach (1711), 
and Bestdndigkeit besiegt Betrug 
(1719) ; for harpsichord, Acht Parthieen 
fiir Clavier (1718), Monatliche Clavier- 
fruchte (1722), Acht Parthieen fiir das 
Clavier (1726), Die vier Jahreszeiten 
(1733) ; also a Hessen-Darmstddtisches 
Choralbach, as well as a large number 
of works in MS. (2) Gottlieb (18th 
cent.) : pioneer musician in America. 
Ret.: rv. 100, 207, 236. 



Greef 

GRAY, Alan (1855- ): b. York; 
Mus. director Wellington College 1883- 
92; organist Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 
since 1892. Composed cantatas, trios, 
quartets and sonatas. Ref.: III. 442. 

GRAZIANI (or Gratianl), Boni- 
facio (1605-1664) : b. Marino, Papal 
States, d. Rome; maestro di cappella 
in the Seminario Romano and in the 
Jesuit church; works, piib. posthu- 
mously, include 7 vols, of 2-6-part 
Motets; 6 vols. 1-part Motets, 1 vol. of 
5-part Psalms with organ; 1 vol. of 
Salmi concertati; 2 vols, of 4- to 6-part 
Masses ; 3- to 8-part Litanies ; Vespers ; 
Musiche sacre e morali con basso 
d'organo. 

GRAZIOLl, Giovanni Battista (ca. 
1750-ca. 1820): b. Bogllaco, d. Venice; 
organist of St. Mark's, Venice; pub. 
IS piano sonatas. 

GRAZZINI, Reginaldo (1848-1906) : 
b. Florence, d. Venice; studied with 
Mabellini at the Royal Cons., Venice; 
theatre conductor in Florence, director 
of the Cons, and conductor of the mu- 
nicipal theatre at Reggio d' Emilia, 
1881 ; professor of theory and artistic 
director of the Liceo Benedetto Mar- 
cello, Venice, 1882; composed a Can- 
tata biblica (1875), a 3-part mass, sym- 
phonies, piano pieces, an opera, etc. 

GREATHEED, [Rev.] Samuel 

Stephenson (1813- ) : b. Weston- 
super-Mare; studied music with W. C. 
Ball and G. W. Schwarz, and theology 
at Cambridge; rector at Corringham, 
Esscbc, and composer of church music 
(anthems, organ fugue, Te Deum, etc.) 
in counterpoint; author of a 'Sketch of 
Sacred Music' and 'Treatise on the Sci- 
ence of Music' 

GREATOREX, Thomas (1758- 
1831) : b. North Wingfleld, Derby, Eng- 
land; d. Hampton, n. London; studied 
under Dr. B. Cooke, 1772, chorister at 
Concert of Antient Music, 1778; organ- 
ist of Carlisle cathedral, 1780-84; 
taught in London, 1789-93; conductor 
of the Concert of Antient Music; re- 
vived the Vocal Concerts, 1801 ; or- 
ganist of Westminster Abbey, 1819-31; 
pub. 12 glees (1832); Psalms; chants; 
•A Selection of Tunes' (London, 1829) ; 
'Parochial Psalmody ' 

GRECO (or Grecco), Gaetano (ca. 
1680-[?]): b. Naples; studied with A. 
Scarlatti; teacher at (5ons. de' Poveri di 
Gesii Cristo, 1717, then Cons, of San 
Onofrio, where he taught Pergolesi, 
Vinci, and Francesco Durante. He 
wrote Litanies a k with 2 violins, viola, 
bass and organ, harpsichord music, 
toccatas and fugues for organ, etc, 
Ref.: II. 8; VII. 38, 43; IX. 21. 

[de] GREEF, Artliur (1862- ) : b. 
Louvaln; pianist; pupil of L. Brassin; 
professor at Brussels Cons, since 1888. 

GREEF, Willielm (1809-1875) : b. 
Kettwig-on-Ruhr ; d. Mors; pub. with 
Erk, school song-books and new edi- 
tions of Rinck's preludes, postludes, 
and Choralbuch. 



186 



Green 

GREEN, Samuel (1730-1796): b. 
London, d. Isleworth; organ builder. 
Ref.: VI. 406. 

GREENE (1) Manrice (1696-1755): 
b. London, d. there; chorister and or- 
ganist at St. Paul's and other London 
churches; composer to the Chapel Royal 
and music professor at Cambridge; 
composed anthems, oratorios, masques, 
cantatas, catches, etc. He was a friend 
of Haydn, with whom he quarrelled be- 
cause of his friendship for Bononcini. 
Ref.: I. 432; VL 451f. (2) [Harry] 
Plunkett (1865- ): b. Old Con- 
naught House, Wicklow, Ire.; studied 
with Hromada, Goetschius, Vannuc- 
cini, Welch and Blume; concert bass 
well known in Great Britain and Amer- 
ica; has sung in Covent Garden; pro- 
fessor Royal Coll. of Music, London. 
Ref.: in. 443. 

GREENWOOD, John (d. Preston 
1909) : organist, pianist and composer. 

GREETING, Thomas (late 17th 
cent.) : London teacher of the flageolet, 
for which he published a book of in- 
struction (1680), accompanied by a col- 
lection of popular songs and dances, 
arranged for this instrument. Among 
his pupils were Mr. and Mrs. Pepys. 

GREFF, Valentin (known under 
the Hung, name Baktark:) (1507-1576) : 
b. Kronstadt, d. Padua; successively in 
the service of the King of Hungary, 
Cardinal de Tournon, Sigismund Au- 
gust II of Poland, and the court of 
Vienna; one of the most distinguished 
lutenists of his time; pub. Intabulatnra 
(1552), Tablature de luth (1564), Har- 
moniae musicae (2 parts, 1565, 1568). 

GREGOIR (1) Jacqnes Mathien 
Joseph (1817-1876) : b. Antwerp, d. 
Brussels ; teacher and composer ; stud- 
ied piano under Henri Herz, and Rum- 
mel; composed opera Le Gondolier de 
Venlse (Antwerp, 1847), Landla Sion 
and Faust for chorus and orchestra; a 
piano concerto ; many piano pieces and 
piano etudes in collaboration with L,i- 
noard, Servais and Vieuxtemps ; duos 
and fantasias for violin or 'cello and 
piano. (2) £:doiiard Georges Jacques 
(1822-1890) : b. Turrihout, near Ant- 
werp, d. Wyneghem; brother of (1) ; 
studied under his brother and under 
Rummel at Biebrich; gave piano con- 
certs; travelled with Teresa and Maria 
Milanollo, 1842; became a composer 
and writer in Antwerp about 1851. 
His library was left to the Antwerp 
Music School; composed 8 operas. La 
Vie (Antwerp, 1848), De Belgen en ISiS 
(Brussels, 1851) ; Leicester (Brussels, 
1854) ; Wlllem Benkels, Flemish opira 
comique in 1 act (Brussels, 1856) ; 
Wlllem de Zwgger (1856) ; La belle 
Bourbonnalse (1860?) ; a historical 
symphony, Les Croisades; a symphonic 
oratorio, Le Deluge; an overture, Hom- 
mage d Henri Conscience; an overture 
in C; music for organ and for piano; 
over 100 male choruses; harmonium 
pieces; violin music; songs; wrote 



Greith 

Essai hlstorlgue sur la mnsiqae et les 
musiclens dans les Pags-Bas (1861) ; 
Histolre de I'orgue (1865) ; Galerle bio- 
graphlque des arttstes-musiciens beiges 
da XVIW et du XIX" slides (1862; 2nd 
ed. 1885) ; Notice sur I'orlgtne du ci- 
Ihbre compositeur Louis van Beethoven 
(1863) ; Notice biographlgue sur F. J, 
Gosse dit Gossec (1878) ; L'art musical 
en Belgique sous les regnes de Leopold 
I et Liopold 11 (1879) ; Des glolres de 
VOpera et la musique a Paris (4 vols., 
1880-83) ; also many other historical 
and biographical works. 

GREGORI, Giovanni L.ai-enzo (17th 
cent.) : violinist in Lucca, composer 
who was the first to use the term Con- 
certo grosso (Concerti grossi a piii 
stromenti, 2 V. cone, con i riplenl se 
place e Arciliuto o Violoncello con il 
B. c. per I'Organo, op. 2; Lucca, 1698), 
though he was probably anticipated in 
the composition of such works by Cor- 
elli ana Torelli. Besides other works 
for strings, he wrote 2 elementary 
theoretical works. 

GREGOROVITCH, Charles (1867-) : 
b. St. Petersburg; studied with Bese- 
kirski and Wieniawski, and with Jo- 
achim In Berlin; well-known vio- 
linist. 

GREGORY (1) 1. (The Great), 
Pope 590-604, after whom the ritual 
chants of the Catholic Church are 
named, was not himself a composer 
nor did he, according to modern his- 
torians, introduce the various Antipho- 
nies. Responses, Offertories, Commun- 
ions, Hallelujahs, etc., into the church. 
However, under his regime the final 
arrangement of these chants took place, 
although minor changes and additions 
were made subsequently. Before Greg- 
ory, the popes Damasus I (366-384), 
Leo I (440-461), Gelasius I (492-496), 
Symmachus (498-514), John II (523- 
526), and Boniface (530-32) made ef- 
forts at a strict organization of the 
Liturgy, and it is certain that long 
before Gregory certain parts of the 
Liturgy had the same order as to-day. 
The Gregorian tradition has been at- 
tacked by many learned historians, 
though, in a broad sense, it continues 
to be maintained by the Church. The 
letter names of the notes of the scale 
are sometimes incorrectly called Grego- 
rian; probably music was in Gregorian 
times still recorded by neumes. Ref.: 
I. 144ff, 151, 156; VL 9f. (2) VII. 
Ref.: VI. 13. (3) Johann: Russian 
ballet master. Ref.: X. 179. 

GREITH, Karl (1828-1887): b. 
Aarau, d. Munich; studied in Munich 
and Augsburg; singing teacher at St. 
Gall (1849-51) and Frankfort (1852-56) ; 
choir director and professor of aes- 
thetics at the College of Schwyz, 1857- 
61 ; Kapellmeister and organist at the 
cathedral and organ teacher at the sem- 
inary, St. Gall, 1861-71; Kapell- 
meister at the Munich Cathedral, 1877; 
composer of church music, organ and 



187 



Grell 

piano pieces, songs, an oratorio, a sym- 
phony, 3 Singspiele, etc. 

GRBLL,, X^duard Angnst (1800- 
1886): b. Berlin, d. Steglltz, n. Berlin; 
organist in Berlin, 1817; vice-director of 
the Singakademie, later chief conductor, 
1832; court-cathedral organist, 1839, 
member of the Berlin Academy, 1841, 
choirmaster at the cathedral 1843-45. 
He succeeded Bungenhagen as teacher 
of composition at the Akademie; mem- 
ber of the Academy Senate; Boyal Mu- 
sikdirektor, 1838; Royal Professor, 
1858; received the order pour le merite, 
1864; Dr. phil. (hon.) from Berlin 
Univ., 1838. G. considered vocal music 
superior to any other and practically 
confined his efforts to this class. He 
composed a 16-part mass; an oratorio. 
Die Israeliten in der WiXste; a Te 
Deum; cantatas, motets, hymns, 
psalms, Christmas songs, duets, songs; 
also an arrangement of the Evangelical 
Gesangbuch for male chorus (1883). 
He pub. Aufsatze und Gutachten. (Ber- 
lin, 1887). Ref.: III. 16. 

GRENie, Gabriel Joseph (1757- 
1837): b. Bordeaux, d. Paris; inventor 
of the orgue expressif (harmoniiun) , 
which firard developed. 

GRESNICH [Gresnik], Antolne 
Frederic (1755-1799) : b. Lucerne, d. 
Paris; studied at the College of Lu- 
cerne in Rome and with Sala in Na- 
ples; lived for some years in London, 
where he was musical director to the 
Prince of Wales, and later in Paris ; 
composed the operas II Francese 
bizarro (1797), Demetrio, Alessandro 
nelV Indie, La donna dt cattivo umore, 
Alceste, L'amour exil& de Cyth^re, L^- 
onidas on les Spartiates, La foret de 
Brahma; vocal works, a concerto for 
clarinet and bassoon, etc. 

GRETA, Jeanne (nie Greta 
Hughes) : b. Lancaster, Mo. ; studied 
with Gaston, Gottschalk, Agramonte, 
Mme. La Grange, Crltlkos and Dubulle; 
coloratura concert soprano in England, 
Scotland and New York. She married 
Herbert Witherspoon, 1899. 

GRETCHANINOFF, Alexander 

Ticlionovitcli (1864- ) : b. Moscow, 
pupil of Safonoff (piano) at Moscow 
Cons., and of Rimsky Korsakoff (com- 
position) in St. Petersburg; composer 
of songs, duets, 'At the Parting of the 
Ways' for bass and orch. (op. 21), 
choruses; Mussulman Melodies for 
voice and piano (op. 25) ; pieces for 
violin and piano, 2 string quartets (op. 
2 in G maj., received the prize of the 
St. Petersburg Chamber Music Society, 
and op. 14) ; a symphony in B minor, 
an orch. Elegy; music to Ostrovsky's 
fairy play 'Snow White,' and Tolstoy's 
tragedies 'Czar Feodor' and 'Ivan the 
Terrible'; the operas DobrynjaNikititch 
(Moscow, 1903) and Suor Beatrice (ib., 
1912) ; also church music (choruses, a 
liturgy, etc.). Ref.: IIL 128, 143, 144ff; 
VII. 555; IX. 415; X. 255; mus. ex., XIV. 
125. 



Grieg 

GR^TRY, Andr^-Frnest-Modeste 

(1741-1813): b. Liege, d. Montmorency; 
son of a violinist; pupil of Leclerc and 
Benekin, later Moreau. His imagina- 
tion was stimulated by the operatic 
performances of an Italian troupe at 
Liege. Though he was too impatient to 
master his counterpoint, he wrote 6 
symphonies at L16ge, 1758, and in 1759 
a mass, which secured his further 
study in Rome under Casali and Mar- 
tini. He prod, the intermezzo Le Ven- 
demmiatrice, at Rome, 1765, but he 
quickly turned to comic opera, and 
went to Paris, via Geneva, where he 
remained a year In hopes of inducing 
Voltaire to write him a libretto. He 
successfully produced a new setting of 
Favart's Isabelle et Gertrude at Geneva, 
which was very successful. In Paris 
he came under the patronage of Count 
Creutz, the Swedish minister, who got 
him Marmontel's comedy Le Huron to 
set. This was the first of a series of 
unprecedented comic opera successes, 
including Le Tableau parlant (1769) ; 
Les deux avares, Sylvain, L'Amitii d 
I'ipreuve (1770) ; Zimire et Azor, L'Aml 
de la znaison (1771) ; Le Magnifique 
(1773); La Rosiire de Salency (1774); 
Ciphale et Procris, La fausse magie 
(1775); Matroco, Les ivinements im- 
prevus (1777) ; Le jugement de Midas, 
L'Amant jaloux (1778) ; Aucassin et 
Nicolette (1779) ; La double ipreuve 
(Colinette a la cour), Richard Caeur de 
Lion, etc., etc. He brought out, be- 
sides, 2 grand operas Andromaque and 
Le Caravane du Caire, the libretto of 
which "was by the Count of Provence, 
later Louis XVIII. Altogether he prod, 
about 50 operas, full of melody and 
simple expressiveness, which may well 
be considered the foundation of the 
French opera comique. G. also wrote a 
Methode simple d'harmonie (1802), 
which exhibits his lack of technical 
knowledge, and Mimoires ou Essais 
sur la musique (3 vols., 1789). G. was 
one of the three first chosen to repre- 
sent the department of musical compo- 
sition in the Institut. He became in- 
spector of the Conservatoire in 1775, 
but resigned shortly after. Napoleon 
made him a chevalier of the Legion of 
Honor in 1802 and granted him a pen- 
sion of 4,000 francs in compensation 
for losses sustained in the Revolution. 
Ref.: II. 25, 41, 106; IV. 62, 79, 81; 
V. 180; DC. 70, 73, 210, 225; X. 148; 
mus. ex., XIII. 3. 

GRIBOIEDOFF, Teleshova: Rus- 
sian ballet dancer. Ref.: X. 178. 

GRiBOTfEDOFFi modern Russian 
dramatist. Ref.: 111. 108. 

GRIBCO. See Greco. 

GRIEG, Fdvard Hagernp (1843- 
1907) : b. Bergen, d. near there. He 
was a pupil of his mother, a gifted 
pianist, and of Hauptmann, Richter, 
Rietz and Reinecke, at the Leipzig 
Cons.; also of Wenzel and Moscheles in 
piano. Later he studied with Gade in 



188 



Griepenkerl 

Copenhagen and was influenced by 
Hartmann and Nordraak, thus asserting 
his Scandinavian individuality. He 
visited Italy twice and at Rome was in 
touch with Liszt. G. founded a Musical 
Union in Christiania in 1867 and con- 
ducted it until 1880. In 1879 he played 
his piano concerto, op. 16, at the Ge- 
wandhaus, in 1879, and made long stays 
in Leipzig. He also visited England 
three times, receiving the honorary 
Mus. D. from Camhridge. For a time 
he conducted the Philharmonic Con- 
certs at Christiania. His compositions 
include: For orchestra: 'In Autumn,' 
concert overture, op. 11 ; Elegiac Melo- 
dies for strings, op. 34; Norwegian 
Dances, op. 35; Aus Holberg's Zeit, 
suite for strings, op. 40; Peer Gynt 
Suite I, op. 47; II, op. 55; 2 Melodies 
for strmgs, op. 53. Chamber music: 3 
violin sonatas, op. 8, 13, and 45; 1 
'cello sonata, op. 36; 1 string quartet, 
op. 27. For piano: 1 concerto (A 
min.), op. 16; 1 sonata, op. 7; 4 pieces, 
op. 1; 3 poetic tone pictures, op. 3; 
Romances and Ballads, op. 9; 6 sets 
of 'Lyric Pieces,' op. 12, 38 (2 series), 
43, 47, 55; Romances, op. 15; Ballade, 
op. 29; 'Album-Leaves,' op. 28; Im- 
pTovvisata, op. 29; Waltz-Caprices, op. 
37; Norwegian Folk-songs and Dances, 
op. 17, and 'Pictures of Folk-life,' 
op. 19. Piano 4 hands: 2 symph. 
pieces, op. 4; Peer Gynt Suite I, op. 23; 
Romance with Variations, op. 51. 
Vocal: Bergliott melodrama w. orches- 
tra; VoT der Klosterpforte (solo, fe- 
male chorus and orch.), op. 19; songs 
for male voices and orch., op. 23, Land- 
erkennung (male chorus and orch.), op. 
32; Der Einsame (bar., string orch. and 
2,4a«jms), op. 33; Olav Trggvason (solo, 
chorus and orch.), op. 50; Sigurd JoT- 
salfar, op. 56; children's songs and a 
cycle from Haugtussa, and some 10 sets 
of songs. Ref.: II. 440; III. xiv, xv, xvi, 
64, 68, 69, 70, 72, 77, 89IT, 96, 99, 332; 
songs, V. 297^; choral works, VI. 205; 
piano compositions, 326ff; chamber mu- 
sic, VII. 327/, 556; orchestral works, 
VIIL 346ff, 470; X. 104, 133, 201, 205, 
206; mus. ex., XIV. 25, 27; portrait, 
in. 90. 

GRIBPEWKERIi (1) Frledrlch 
Koiirad (1782-1849) : b. Peine, Bruns- 
wick, d, Brunswick; teacher at the 
Fellenberg Institute, Hofwyl, Switzer- 
land; professor at the Carolinum, 
Brunswick; author of a Lehrbuch der 
Asthetik (1827) ; pub. with Roitzsch the 
first edition of J. S. Bach's instrumen- 
tal compositions. (2) Wolfgans Rob- 
ert (1810-1868) : b. Hofwyl, d. Bruns- 
wick; contributor to the Neue Zeit- 
schrift fiir Musik; author of Das Mu- 
sikfest, Oder die Beethovener (1838), 
Ritter Berlioz in Braunschweig (1843), 
Die Oper der Gegenwart (1847). 

GRIESBACHER, Peter (1864- ) : 
b. Egglham; priest; music prefect at 
the Seminary of St. Emmeran, teacher 
at the School for Church Music and 



Grimm 

choir director at the Franciscan church, 
Ratisbon, 1894, and since 1911 canon 
at the Collegiate Foundation of St. 
John and teacher of counterpoint and 
style at the School for Church Music; 
since 1906 editor of the Literarischer 
Handweiser fur Freunde katholischer 
Kirchenmusik; pub. text-books on 
counterpoint and on style and form 
in church music; composer of a large 
amount of church music, as well as 
secular cantatas, Singspiele, etc. 

GRIPPES, ChaTles T.: contemp. 
Amer. composer. Ref.: IV. 442. 

GRIPPITH, Frederick (1867- ): 
b. Swansea, Wales; flutist; studied at 
the Royal Academy of Music, London, 
where he has taught since 1905; also 
solo flutist at the opera; wrote 'Nota- 
ble Welsh Musicians' (1896). 

GRIGNY, Nicolas de (ca. 1671- 
1703); b. Rheims, d. there; organist of 
the Rheims Cathedral; composed Piices 
d'orgue (1711). A suite in the Berlin 
Library, ascribed to G., is by Dieupart. 

GRILL. (1) Franz (ca. 1795) : d. 
Oldenburg; pub. 12 sonatas for piano 
and violin; 12 string quartets and a 
caprice for piano. (2) l,eo (1846-) : 
b. Pesth; studied with Franz Lachner 
in Munich; teacher of theory at the 
Leipzig Cons., 1871-1907; composer of 
chamber music. 

GRILLET, I/anrent (1851- ): b. 
Sancoins, Cher, France; chef d'orches- 
tre of various minor theatres and or- 
chestras; also the Nouveau-Cirque, 
Paris; composer of ballets, panto- 
mimes, and a comic opera, Graciosa 
(Paris, 1892) ; vocal, piano and orches- 
tral pieces. Pub. Les Ancetres du Vio- 
lon (1898), a study of primitive 
stringed instruments. Ref.: VUI. 60f. 

GRILIiO, Giovanni Battlsta: or- 
ganist at St. Marks, Venice, about 1620, 
pupil of Monteverdi, of whose works 
are preserved Sacri concentus 6-12 v. 
(1618), 3 instruniental canzoni in 4 
parts (1608), and several vocal works 
in several parts with organ (In collec- 
tions from 1620-24). Ref.: I. 363f. 

GRILI/PARZER, Franz (1791-1871) : 
b. Vienna, d. there; the great German 
dramatist, was a patron of music, and 
a friend of Beethoven and Schubert. 
He wrote an opera libretto for the 
former, which was set to music by 
R. Kreutzer, and composed music to 
verses from the Odyssey. Ref.: II. 134; 
in. 190; VL 150. 

GRIMM (1) FriedTlcb Melcbior, 
Baron von (1723-1807) : b. Ratisbon, d. 
Gotha. He lived in Paris (1747-1807) 
and was an intimate of Diderot, Rous- 
seau, d'Alembert and others; was co- 
editor of the Encyclopedic. He sup- 
ported the 'buffonists' against the 
French Op^ra party, his Lettre sur 
Omphale (1752) being the first gun 
fired in the guerre des houffons. His 
letters, containing interesting details on 
contemporary French music and litera- 
ture, were pub. as Correspondence lit- 



189 



Grimmer 

Uraire, philosophique et critique in 17 
vols. Be/.: II. 24, 31, 102 (footnote). 
(2) the Brothers: collectors of fairy 
tales. Ref.: IX. 188. (3) Karl (1819- 
1888) : b. Hildburghausen, d. Freiburg, 
Silesia; 'cellist and composer for his 
instrument. (4) Karl Konstantin 
LndTvig (1820-1882) : b. Berlin, d. 
there; harpist; Royal chamber musi- 
cian. (5) Julius Otto (1827-1903) : b. 
Pernau, Livonia, d. Mtinster; founder of 
a choral society in Gottingen; conducted 
the Cdcilienverein in Milnster, Royal 
Musikdirektor at Acad, there, 1878. He 
composed a symphony, 2 suites in 
canon-form for string orchestra, also 
songs and piano pieces. 

GRIMMEIR, Chi-istian Priedrlcli 
(1798-1850) : b. Mulda, near Freiberg, 
d. Langenhennersdorf, near Perna; song 
composer; pub. Deutsche Lieder und 
Balladen (1832), Romanzen und Balla- 
den im Volkstone (1877). 

GRISAR, Albert (1808-1869): b. 
Antwerp, d. Asnieres, n. Paris. He 
abandoned a commercial career for mu- 
sic, and was for a short time a pupil 
of Reicha. He prod. Le Mariage impos- 
sible at Brussels, 1833, and received a 
government subsidy for further study 
in Paris. Then he prod. Sarah, L'An 
mille (1837), La Suisse d Trianon 
(1838), Lady Melvil (1838), L'Eau mer- 
veilleuse (1839), Le Naufrage de la 
Miduse (1839, w. Flotow and Pilatl), 
Les travestissements (1840), and L'Op- 
^ra d la cour (1840, w. Boieldieu) ; and 
after studying with Mercadante in Na- 
ples, Gilles ravisseur (1848), Les Por- 
cherons (1850), Bonsoir, M. Pantalon 
(1852), Le carilloneur de Bruges (1852), 
Les amours du Diable (1853), Le chien 
du jardinier (1855), Voyage autour de 
ma chambre (1859), La chatte merveil- 
leuse (1862), Begaiements d'amour 
(1864) and Douze innocentes (Bouffes, 
1865). Twelve other operas (some un- 
finished), dramatic scenes, over 50 
romances were also composed by him. 
Ref.: II. 211; XI. 232, 236. 

GRISI (1) Giudltta (1805-1840) : b. 
Milan, d. near Cremona; celebrated op- 
eratic mezzo-soprano; studied with 
Minoja and Banderali at Milan; sang 
at principal Italian Operas and at Paris. 
She married Count Barni, in 1834, and 
retired. (2) Giulia (1811-1869): b. 
Milan, d. Berlin; sister of Giuditta (1) ; 
operatic soprano. She studied with 
Giacomelli at Bologna, Pasta, and Mar- 
liani; sang in Italy till 1832, then in 
Paris and London as prima donna as- 
soluta. She married, 1st, Count Melcy, 
2nd, Mario, with whom she toured 
America (1854). Ref.: II. 193; IX. 145, 
152. (3) Carlotta (19th cent.) : ballet 
dancer. Ref.: X. 151, 158. 

GRISWOIiD, Gertrude (d. London, 
1912) : American soprano ; studied with 
Agramonte, New York and at the Paris 
Conservatoire; made her dibut at the 
Opera; sang later at the Metropolitan 
Opera House. 



Grossl 

GROBLICZ, Martin (16th-17th 
cent.): violin-maker; pupil of Maggini 
in Brescia; worked in Cracow and 
Warsaw. 

GROCHEIO, Johannes de: musical 
theoretician flourishing ca. 1300; au- 
thor of a tract Theoria (Cod. 2663, 
Darmstadt Court Library) ; pub. in 
Latin and German by Johannes Wolf 
in the Sammelbdnde of the Int. Mus. 
Soc. (I. 1). It is important for medi- 
aeval musical history, since it contains 
detailed information concerning secu- 
lar music, giving definition of a num- 
ber of special forms and technical rules 
of construction. 

GROH (Ghro, Grohen, Krochen), 
Johann (15[?]-16[?] ) : b. Dresden; or- 
ganist at St. Afra, Meissen (1604) and 
at Wesenstein (1623), composer of 
Paduanes, published 36 Intraden 
(1603), 2 collections Paduanes, and a 
setting of the 104th Psalm (1613), etc. 
Ref.: VII. 472. 

GRONIiAND, Petersen (1760-1834) : 
b. Schleswig, d. Altona; organist at 
Altona; song composer. 

GROSHEini, Georg Christoph 
(1764-1847): b. Cassel, d. there; com- 
posed works for organ and piano, 2 
operas, vocal works, etc.; pub. a re- 
formed Hessian Chorale book, a mu- 
sical journal Euterpe and a piano score 
of Gluck's Iphigenia in Aulis with 
German translations of the text; au- 
thor of Das Leben der Kiinstlerin Mara 
(1823), Vber Pflege und Anwendung der 
Stimme (1830), Chronologisches Ver- 
zeichnis vorziiglicher Beforderer und 
Meister der Tonkunst (1831), Fragmente 
aus der Geschichte der Musik (1832), 
Versuch einer dsthetischen Darsiellung 
mehrerer Werke dramatischer Tonmeis- 
ter (1834), Vber den Verfall der Ton- 
kunst (1835) ; contributor to musical 
journals and to Schilling's t/niwersoi- 
lexikon der Tonkunst. 

GROSJEABT (1) JeanRomary (1815- 
1888) : b. Rochesson, d. St. Die; organ- 
ist at Remiremont, 1837, at the Ca- 
thedral of St. Di^, 1839; published sev- 
eral collections of organ works by good 
masters. (2) Srnest (1844- ) : b. 
Bagney; nephew of (1); organist at 
Verdun; composed numerous pieces 
for organ and piano ; author of Th^orie 
et pratique d'accompagnement du plain- 
chant. 

GROSS, Johann Benjamin (1809- 
1848): b. Elbing, d. St. Petersburg; 
'cellist; member of the Lephardt Quar- 
tet at Dorpat; first 'cellist of the Im- 
perial Orchestra, St. Petersburg; pub. 
a 'cello sonata with bass and one with 
piano, a concertino, duets and solos 
for 'cello, 4 string quartets, songs, 

GROSSI, Carlotta (correctly Char- 
lotte Grossmuck) (1849- ) : b. Vi- 
enna, coloratura operatic singer, pupil 
of the Vienna Cons.; sang at Vienna 
Opera 1868-69; Berlin Opera 1869-78. 
Ref.: VU. 390, 478. 



190 



Grossmann 

GROSSMANX (1) Bnrckhard: in 1619 
Invited tlie celebrated Saxon composers 
of tlie time (Schein, M. Frank, R. 
Michael, M. Praetorius, Tobias Michael, 
Johann Groh, M. Alteiiburg, H. Schiitz, 
Chr. Demantius, etc.), to set Psalm 116 
to music, and pub. the collection in 
1623 (only complete copy in Berlin 
Royal Library). (2) L.ndwlgr (1835-) : 
b. Goyernment of Kalish, Russia; pupil 
of Rungenhagen in Berlin, etc.; found- 
ed the Instrument firm of 'Hermann 
and G.' in Warsaw, 1857; co-founder 
of the Warsaw Musical Soc. and mem- 
ber of the management of the Imp. 
Theatre; composer of ballet suite, sym- 
phonic poem, 3 operas, etc. (3) .Max 
(1856- ): b. Jastrow, West Prussia; 

Ehysician in Berlin, who wrote several 
ooks on violin building, old Italian 
violins, also articles on similar sub- 
jects In various journals. With the 
violin builder Otto Siefert he conducts 
an instrument factory 'Neu-Cremona,' 
tlie products of which have aroused 
much attention. 

GROVE, [Sir] George (1820-1900): 
b. Clapham, Surrey, d. London; musical 
historian and lexicographer; a civil en- 
gineer, by profession; became secretary 
of the Society of Arts, 1850; secretary 
of the Crystal Palace Co., 1852, and a 
member of its Board, 1873. He wrote 
analytical programs for the Crystal 
Palace concerts; edited 'Macmillan's 
Magazine' for 15 years, and became di- 
rector of the Royal Coll. of Music in 
1882, which position he resigned in 
1894. His monumental 'Dictionary of 
Music and Musicians' (4 vols., later 5 ; 
recently revised by J. A. FuUer-Mait- 
land) of which he was editor-in-chief 
and a copious contributor, was first 
brought out in 1879-89. He also wrote 
'Beethoven and His Nine Symphonies' 
(1896) ; and an appendix to Hellborn's 
•Life of Schubert.' He was made D. C. 
L. (Durham, 1875), LL. D. (Glasgow, 
1885) and a committee member of the 
Bach - Gesellschaft. Ref. : (citations, 
etc.), I. 313; II. 143. 150, 162, 166, 168f, 
344; Vm. 196. 

GROVIiBZ, Gabriel (1879- ): b. 
Lille; studied with Dimmer, Lavignac 
and Faur^ at the Paris Cons, (premier 
prix), toured Europe as pianist with 
the violinist Marteau; piano professor 
at the Schola Cantorum for 10 years; 
conductor at the Op^ra-Comique and 
the San Carlos, Lisbon; composed a 
fairy legend in 3 acts, Cosnr de Rubis, 
music to Laloy's Chagrin au Palais 
d'Hans, Poime Symphonique for orch. 
(after Freiligrath) , Poime symphonique 
in 3 parts lor soli chorus and orch., 
Musique de Scene et Rallet for a 
Chinese play adapted by Pierre Lolay; 
50 Melodies (songs), a violin sonata, 
piano pieces, including Improvisations 
sur Londres and L'Almanach aux Im- 
ages; also Chansons enfantines, etc. 
Ref.: III. 407. 

GRITBBR (1) Joliann Sislsmnnd 



Griinfeld 

(1759-1805); b. Nuremberg, d. there; 
author of Literatur der Musik (1783), 
Begtrdge iur Literatur der Mnsik (1785), 
Biographien einiger TonkHnstler (1786). 
(2) Franz (1787-1865): b. Hallein, d. 
there; organist; composer of Stille 
Nacht, heilige Nacht (1818). (3) 
Josef (1855- ) : b. WQsendorf, near 
Krems, Lower Austria; studied with 
Anton Bruckner; organist of St. 
Florian, near Linz, since 1878; com- 
poser of a large number of masses, 
and other church music; author of a 
hand book for organists and a singing 
method. 

GRXJBNBERG, Bngene (1854- ): 
b. Lemberg, Galicia; studied at the 
Vienna Cons.; member of the Ldipzlg 
Gewandhaus Orchestra; with the Bos- 
ton Symphony until 1898; taught vio- 
lin at the Boston Cons, and at the 
New England Cons., Boston; pub. a 
'Theory of Violin Playing,' studies, es- 
says, etc., and composed a symphony. 

GRtJN (1) Jacob (1837- ) : b. Pesth; 
violinist; studied under Joseph Bohm, 
Vienna, and Hauptmann, Leipzig; was 
a member of the court band at Weimar, 
1858, and at Hanover, 1861-65; made a 
concert tour; then, 1868, became con- 
certmaster of the Court Opera, Vienna, 
and, since 1877, professor in the Con- 
servatory. (2) Frlederike (1836- ); 
b. Mannheim; operatic soprano at 
Frankfort, Cassel, Berlin, Bologna and 
elsewhere. She married the Russian 
Baron von Sadler, 1869. 

GRtTNBBRG (1) [Paul Emit] Max 
(1852- ): b. Berlin; violinist; mem- 
ber of the court chapel at Melningen; 
concert-master at Sondershausen, later 
at the Prague Landestheater ; teacher 
at the Stern Cons., Berlin, and director 
of the Orchestral Society of the Friends 
of Music there, since 1905; author of 
a Filhrer durch die Literatur der 
Streichinstrumente (1913). (2) See 
Gruenberg. 

GRUND, Frledrich Wllhelm (1791- 
1874): b. Hamburg, d. there; founded 
the Hamburg Singakademie^ 1819, and 
conducted the Philharmonic concerts, 
1828-62; composed symphonies, quar- 
tets, piano, 'cello and violin sonatas, 
a quartet for piano and wind instru- 
ments, an 8-part mass, piano studies, 

GRUNEWALD (1) Gottfried (1673- 
1739): d. Darmstadt; singer at the 
Hamburg Opera, 1703; vice-Kapell- 
meister at Darmstadt, 1712; composed 
the opera Germanicus (1704), 6 piano 
partitas, a piano sonata, etc. (2) 
Gottfried (1859- ): b. Querstadt, 
near Elsleben; composer of the one-act 
operas Astrella (1894), Die Brautehe 
(1904) and Der fromme Konig (1905) ; 
also Der Sdngers Fluch for chorus and 
orchestra, etc. 

GRtJNFELD (1) Alfred (1852- ) : 
b. Prague; pianist; studied at the Cons, 
there and with KuUak in Berlin; Royal 
Prussian Court pianist; has composed 



191 



Gnmicke 

the operetta Der Lebemann (1903), the 
comic opera Die Schonen von Fogaras 
(1907), and piano pieces. (2) Hein- 
rlch (1855- ): b. Prague; 'cellist; 
studied at the Prague Cons.; teacher of 
'cello at Kullak's Academy, Berlin, 
1876-84; member of the Royal Orches- 
tra since 1886. 

GRUNICKE, [Anton] Franz (1841- 
1913): b. Falkenhain, d. Berlin; organ- 
ist; studied with his father and with 
Marx, Grell and Taubert; music teacher 
at Landau, 1865-70; teacher of piano, 
harmony and, later, organ at Kullak's 
Academy, Berlin, 1871; organist of the 
Reformed Jewish Congregation, 1883; 
organ teacher at the Kllndworth-Schar- 
wenka Cons. 

GRTINN, J. Homer: contemp. Amer- 
ican composer. Ref.: TV. 401. 

GRUIVSKT, Karl (1871- ): b. 

near Schorndorf, Wurttemberg; at first 
political writer in Stuttgart, then mu- 
sical critic, etc.; critic of the Schwdb- 
ische Merkur, 1895-1908; musical ed- 
itor of Kunstwart, collaborator on the 
Wagner-Jahrbuch, etc.; pub. Musik- 
dsthetik (1907), Musikgeschichte des 17. 
nnd IS. Jahrhunderts (1905, 1914), do. 
for the 19th cent. (1902-8) ; and other 
■works on musical history, piano tran- 
scription, Bach's arrangements of oth- 
ers' music, also guides to Bruckner 
symphonies, etc. 

GRtJTZMACHER (1) Prledrlch 
"Wilhelm (1832-1903) : b. Dessau, d. 
Dresden; 'cellist, composer and teach- 
er; studied under his father; 'cello with 
Drechsler and theory with Schneider; 
joined an orchestra in Leipzig; flrst 
'cello of the Gewandhaus orchestra, 
1849 ; 'cello teacher at the Conservatory ; 
chamber virtuoso in Dresden, 1860; 
made long concert tours. His brother 
Leopold G., O. Bruckner, W. Fitzen- 
hagen, E. Hegar, and E. Hilpert were 
among his pupils; composed concerto 
for 'cello and orchestra; variations for 
'cello and orchestra; many pieces and 
studies for 'cello; orchestral music; 
chamber music; piano pieces; songs. 
(2) Leopold (1835-1900) : b. Dessau, d. 
Weimar; brother of (1); studied 'cello 
with Drechsler, theory "with Schneider; 
played in the Gewandhaus and theatre 
orchestras at Leipzig; first 'cello in the 
Schwerin court orchestra, Prague 
Landestheater, Meiningen court orches- 
tra at Weimar; composed many pieces 
for 'cello. (3) Friedricli (1866- ): 
b. Meiningen; son and pupil of (2) ; 
first 'cello in the Sondershausen court 
orchestra; joined the theatre orchestra 
in Pesth, 1890; 'cello professor at the 
Cons. 1892-94; teacher in Cologne Cons, 
since 1894. 

GUADAGNITTI: a family of Italian 
violin makers, established flrst in Pla- 
cenza and later in Milan, consisting of 
I/orenzo (ca. 1695-1740), a pupil of 
Stradivari, his son Giovanni Battlsta 
(ca. 1785), and the tatter's sons Gae- 
tano and Giuseppe. 



192 



Gu^ntn 

GUALDO, Giovanni (18th cent.): 
pioneer musician in America. Ret.: 
rv. 70. 

GXTAMI (1) Gioseflo (ca. 1540- 
1611) : b. Lucca, d. there; Ducal chapel 
organist at Munich, second organist St. 
Marks, Venice, later organist Lucca 
Cathedral; composed 3 books of 5-part 
madrigals (1565-84), motets in 5-10 
parts (1585) ; Canzonette alia Francese 
for organ and other instrumental can- 
zoni published in contemporary collec- 
tions, etc. Ref.: VI. 422. (2) Fran- 
cesco, trombonist of the Munich Hof- 
kapelle, 1568-80, and chapel master in 
Venice churches; published 3 books 
madrigals in 4-6 parts and a book of 
2-part Ticercari (1588). (3) Vlncenzo, 
son of (1) ; court organist at Brussels 
and successor to his father in Lucca, 
1612. 

GUARNERI (or Gnamerins), a fa- 
mous Cremonese family of violin mak- 
ers. (1) Pietro Andrea (ca. 1630) : 
head of the family, pupil of Nicola 
Amati, worked 1650-95. His violins 
(labelled Andreas GaarneTius Cremo- 
nae sub titolo Sanctae Theresiae 16 — ) 
are Inferior to those of his nephew (5). 
Ref.: VIII. 73. (2) Giuseppe (b. 1660) : 
son of (1); worked 1690-1730; his best 
period Is 1690-1710. His violins, la- 
belled Joseph Guarnerius filius Andrese 
fecit Cremonm sub titolo St. Theresim 
16 — , are modelled after Stradivari. (3) 
Pietro (b. ca. 1670) : second son of (1), 
worked in Cremona, 1690-1700, then at 
Mantua till 1725. (4) Pietro, son of 
Giuseppe, worked 1725-40; made vio- 
lins and 'cellos after his father's 
models. (5) Guarneri del Gesu (be- 
cause of the 'I H S' often appearing on 
his labels) (1683-ca. 1745) : nephew of 
(1). He worked independently 1725-45; 
the violins of his medium period rival 
the best of Stradivari. His label reads 
Joseph GuaxneriuSf Andreae Nepos 
Cremonae 11 — , IBS. From his later 
period are preserved instruments of 
very poor quality, whose origin has 
been questioned. Various explanations 
have been offered, such as his having 
taken to drink, "or having had to work 
with inferior materials, during a long 
term of imprisonment. Ref.: VIII. 74. 

GUDEHUS, Helnrieli (1845-1909): 
b. Altenhagen, Hanover, d. Dresden; 
dramatic tenor; studied under Frau 
Schnoor v. Carolsfeld and Louise Ress 
at Dresden, 1872; sang at Brunswick, 
Riga, Liibeck, Freiburg (Baden), and 
Bremen, 1875-8 ; Dresden court opera, 
1880-90; created the role of Parsifal at 
Bayreuth, 1882; appeared in German 
opera in New York, 1890-91 ; played 
guest roles in Berlin Opera House, 
1895-96. 

GT;£1VI]V, Marie-Alexandre (1744- 
1819): b. Maubeuge, d. Paris; studied 
violin with Capron, and composition 
with Gossec; was musical intendant to 
the Prince of Condi, 1777; a member 
of the Royal orch., 1778, solo violin at 



Gufiranger 

the Grand Op^ra, 1780-1800. He com- 
posed much symphonic and chamber 
music, but of little value. Rcf.: VII. 
408, 409f. ' 

GUfiRANGER, Dom Prosper (1795- 
1875) : b. Sable-sur-Sarthe, d. in the 
Benedictine Monastery of Solesmes, of 
which he was abbot; wrote a history 
of the monastery, 1835, also Institu- 
tions liturgiques (3 vols., 1840-53; 2nd 
ed., 4 vols., 1878-85), L'annde Litur- 
gique (15 parts, 1840-1901, repub.), and 
St. Cicile et la societe Romaine (1873, 
8th ed., 1898). He is the real founder 
of the highly important work of resto- 
ration of the Gregorian chant carried 
on by the Benedictines of Solesmes. His 
faithful assistant in his works was Dom 
Jausions,and his successors Dom Pothier 
and Dom Mocquereau. Ref.: VI. 467. 

GUERRERO (1) Francisco (1528- 
1599): b. Seville, Spain, d. there; stud- 
ied under Morales; maestro at Jaen 
cathedral, 1546; choir-singer at Seville 
Cathedral, 1550; wrote El Viage de 
Jerusalem que hizo Ft. G. . . . (1611) ; 
composed a number of masses, motets 
and other sacred music (pub. 1559-97). 
(2) Rosarlo: contemp. Spanish dancer. 
Ref.: X. 210. 

GUGIilEI^MI (1) Plctro (1727-1804) : 
b. Massa di Carrara, d. Rome; com- 
poser; studied with his father, Gia- 
como and at the Cons. S. Maria di 
Loreto, Naples; maestro di cappella at 
St. Peter's, Rome; composed 116 operas. 
Including I due gemelli, I viaggatori. 
La serva innamorata, I fratelli Pappa 
Mosca, La pastorella mobile. La bella 
pescatrice. La Didone, and Enea e 
Lavinia, the oratorios La morte 
d'Abele, La Retulia liberata. La dis- 
truzzione di Gerusalemme, Debora e 
Sisara and Le lagrime dt San Pietro, a 
5-part mass for orchestra, and other 
church works, motets, 6 divertisse- 
ments for piano, violin and 'cello, 6 
quartets for piano, 2 violins and 'cello, 
piano pieces, etc. Ref.: II. 14; IX. 
39. (2) Pietro Carlo (called Gngliel- 
mlnl to distinguish him from his fa- 
ther above) (ca. 1763-1827) : b. Naples, 
d. Massa dl Carrara, noted as opera 
composer, producing 25 operas in Na- 
ples and Milan; also vocal teacher in 
London. 

GUI, Vittorio: contemporary Italian 
conductor and composer of songs 
(translations from the Chinese), etc. 
Ref.: III. 400. 

GUI (GUIDO) DE CHALIS (12th 
cent.) : abbot of the Cistercian monas- 
tery at Chalis, Burgundy; author of 
a treatise on plain-chant, De cantu ec- 
clesiastico; also Discantus ascendii 
duas voces, printed in Coussemaker's 
Scriptores, and Histoire de I'harmonie 
au mogen dge. Ref.: I. 174f. 

GUICCIARDI, Countess Ginlletta 
(1784-1855) : amateur pianist, pupil of 
Beethoven in Vienna; married Count 
Gallenberg (q.v.). Ref.: II. 141, 145. 

GUIDETTI, Giovanni (1532-1592) : 



193 



Guilelmus 

b. Bologna, d. Borne; studied under 
Palestrlna; was appointed cappellano 
and chorister in the Papal choir, 1575; 
worked with Palestrlna on a revised 
edition of the Gradual and Antiphon- 
ary; pub. Directorium chori ad usum 
sacro-sanctae basilicae Baticanae . . . 
(Rome, 1582, and other editions) ; 
Cantus eccl. passionis Domini Nostrl 
Jesu Christi, secundum Matthaeum, 
Marcum, Lucam et Joannem (Rome, 
1586) ; Cantus eccles officii majoris 
hebdomadae . . . (Rome, 1587; 1619); 
and Preefationes in cantu flrmo . . - 
(Rome, 1588). 

GUroiCIONI, I^anra (16th cent.): 
Ref.: I. 328. 

GUIDO D'AREZZO or Gnldo Are- 
tinns (ca. 995-1050?): b. Arezzo, Italy; 
d. Avellano (?). The great reformer 
of musical notation was a monk in the 
Benedictine monastery of Pomposa, 
near Ferrar, where his abilities so 
aroused the envy of his fellow-monks 
that G. left the monastery and either 
wandered from place to place, dis- 
seminating his new ideas, or went to 
the Benedictine monastery of Arezzo. 
Pope John XIX called him to Rome In 
order to learn his novel system of 
teaching, and it is supposed he then 
became prior of the Camaldolite fra- 
ternity at Avellano. Much has been 
ascribed to G. for which he cannot 
be credited (such as the invention of 
mensural notes), but he certainly In- 
troduced the 4-Iine staff, retaining the 
red F-line and the yellow C-llne pre- 
viously used, and drawing between 
them a black A-line, above them a 
black E-line, and writing the mensural 
notes in regular order on these lines 
and in the spaces. He also added new 
lines above or below these, as occa- 
sion required; hence his invention, 
wherever adopted, finally did away 
with all uncertainty of pitch. It is 
not certainly established that Guido 
invented the system of Solmisation 
but he is generally supposed to 
have done so. Whether he practi- 
cally applied this method in the 
hexachordal system of Mutation is dis- 
puted. According to F^tis, his chief 
merit was his method of teaching vocal 
intervals by the aid of a sliding grad- 
uated scale adapted to the monochord. 
Ref.: 1. 167ff; V. 34; VI. 18. 

GUIGIVOIV, Jean-Pierre (or GUs- 
none, Giovanni Pietro) (1702-1774): 
b. Turin, d. Versailles; the last to 
bear the title of Toi des violons et 
maitre des m^nitriers; studied violin 
in Paris and entered the King's service 
in 1733; composed several books of 
concertos, sonatas, and duos for violin. 

GUILiBERT, Yvette: contemp. 
French singer of characteristic chan- 
sons, ballads and folk-songs in cos- 
tume; highly esteemed in Europe and 

GUILELMUS, Monachns (ca. 1450) : 
author of De praeceptis artis m.usicae, 



Guillard 

treating of English descant (reprinted 
in Coussemaker's ScTiptores, II.). 

GUILLARD, ST. F.! librettist of 
Gluck's Iphigenie en Tauride. Ret.: 
IX. 63. 

GTJILLATTMB (1) Count of Poitiers 
(1087-1127): Troubadour. Ref.: I. 205. 
(2) Canon of Auxerre (16th cent.) : In- 
ventor of the *serpent.' 

GUILLEBERT. See Trebelli. 

GUILLEMAIN, Gabriel (1705- 
1770): b. Paris, d. there; composer of 
3 books of violin sonatas (with con- 
tinuo) ; variations and caprices for vio- 
lin solo, divertissements de simphonies 
en trio (2 violins and continuo), 2 
books sonatas for 2 violins "without 
bass, clavecin sonatas with violin ac- 
companiment, 6 string quartets (con- 
certino k quatre), and 'Conversations' 
for flute, violin, gamba, and continuo. 
A ballet divertissement by G. was prod. 
1749. Ref.: VII. 409. 

GUILMAXT (1) Jean-Baptlste 
(1793-1890): b. Boulogne; organist. (2) 
Alexandre-F«lx (1837-1911) : b. Bou- 
logne, d. near Paris; son and organ pu- 
pil of (1), stud, organ with Lemmens, 
harmony with Carulli. At 16 he was 
organist of St. Joseph's, at 18 a solemn 
mass by him was performed. He be- 
came teacher in Boulogne Cons, and 
cond. of a musical society at 20. He was 
appointed organist at Ste. Trinite, 1871, 
after brilliantly inaugurating organs 
at St. Sulpice and Notre Dame. In 
1896 he became organ-professor at the 
Conservatoire. He also toured Eng- 
land, Italy, Russia, and the United 
States with great success. He com- 
posed Belsazar, a 'lyric scene' (chorus, 
soli and orch.) ; Christus vincit (hymn 
for chorus, orch., etc.), a symphony for 
organ and orch.; 7 organ sonatas, 
Marche fun^bre ei chant seraphique; 
many concert-pieces for organ, besides 
motets, masses, etc. Ref.: III. 36, 285; 
VI. 442 (footnote), 444, 468, 479, iSOtf; 
portrait, VI. 464. 

GUIMARD, Madeline: French ballet 
dancer. Ref.: X. 91, 94, 99, lOOf. 

GUIIHERA, Spanish dramatist. Ref.: 
IX. 431. 

GUIRAUD, Ernest (1837-1892) : b. 
Ne"w Orleans, d. Paris; pupil of his 
father, Jean-Baptlste G., a talented 
musician (prix de Rome, 1827), later 
Marmontel, Barbereau and Hal^vy at 
the Paris Cons., and winner of the 
grand prix de Rome, 1859. He pro- 
duced the opera Le roi David in New 
Orleans at 15. He became professor 
at the Cons, in 1876. He produced the 
operas Sylvie (1864) ; En prison (1869) ; 
Le Kobold (1870); Mme. Turlupin 
(1872) ; Piccolino (1876) ; La galante 
aventure (1882) ; and the ballet 'Gretna 
Green* (1873) ; also an orchestral suite, 
a solemn mass, an overture, etc. His 
posthumous opera, BrUnhilde, was edit- 
ed by Saint-Saens and prod, as Fre- 
digonde (1895). Ref.: VIII. 345, 346. 

GUIVIER, Frospero (18th-19th 



194 



Gungl 

cent.) : inventor of the ophlcleide, 
1806. Ref.: VIII. 50. 

GULBRAJfSON, Ellen {nie Nor- 
gren) (1863- ) : b. Stockholm; op- 
era singer, pupil of the Stockholm 
Cons., also Marchesi, etc., in Paris; 
debut in Stockholm in 1886; sang 
BrUnhilde at Bayreuth in 1896 and has 
since been internationally known; 
Grand-ducal chamber singer. 

GULLI, Luigi (1859- ): b. Scilla; 
studied at the Royal College of Music, 
Naples, with Cesi; taught in Rome 
and founded the Gulli Quintet Society 
there. 

GUMBERT, Ferdinand (1818-1896) : 
b. Berlin, d. there; studied under E. 
Fischer and Clapius; tenor singer at 
Sondershausen Theatre; baritone at Co- 
logne Theatre, 1840-42; studied com- 
position under Constantin Kreutzer; 
settled in Berlin as composer, vocal 
teacher and music critic; wrote about 
500 songs; the operettas. Die schone 
Schusterin (1883), Die Kunst, geliebt 
zu werden (1850), Der kleine Ziegen- 
hirt (1854), Bis der Rechte kommt 
(1856), Karolina, etc., prod, in Berlin; 
also wrote Musik, Gelesenes und Gesam- 
meltes (1860), and translations of 
libretti and songs. 

GtJMPELZHAIMER, Adam (1559- 
1625): b. Trostberg, Bavaria; d. Augs- 
burg; church-composer and theorist; 
studied under Jodocus Enzmuller; can- 
tor at Augsburg from 1581 ; wrote 
Erster and Zweiter Theil des Lust- 
gartleins teutsch und lateinischer Lie- 
der von 3 Stimmen (1591; 1611; often 
republished) ; Erster and Zweiter Theil 
des Wiirtzgdrtleins i-stimmiger geist- 
licher Lieder (1594; 1619; etc.), and 
other collections, an 8-part setting of 
Psalm 50, and numerous motets. H. 
Faber's Compendium musicae was re- 
vised and edited by G. (Augsburg, 
1591; 11 other editions). 

GUMPBRT, Frledrich Adolf (1841- 
1906) : b. Lichtenau, Thuringia, d. 
Leipzig; horn virtuoso; played at Bad 
Nauheim, St. Gallen, Halle, and from 
1864 in the Gewandhaus Orchestra, 
Leipzig; pub. a Praktische Hornschule, 
a collection of transcriptions for horn, 
orchestral studies for clarinet, oboe, 
fagott, trumpet and 'cello, a horn quar- 
tet and horn studies. 

GUMPRECHT, Otto (1823-1900): b. 
Erfurt, d. Meran ; editor of the musi- 
cal feuilleton of the Nationalzeitung, 
1849; author of Musikalische Charak- 
terbilder (1869), Neue Musikalische 
Charakterbilder (1876), Richard Wag- 
ner und sein BUhnenfestspiel, Der Ring 
des Nibelungen (1873), Unsere klas- 
sischen Meister (2 vols., 1883-85), 
Neuere Meister (2 vols., 1883) ; edited 
the 5-vol. Erlesene musikalische Meis- 
terwerke. 

GUNGL (1) Josepb (1810-1889) : b. 
Zsambek, Hungary; d. Weimar; oboist 
and bandmaster of the 4th Austrian ar- 
tillery; toured with his band, playing 



Gunke 

principally his own compositions; es- 
tablished an orchestra of his own in 
Berlin in 1843; made a trip to Amer- 
ica in 1849; Royal Musikdirektor in 
1850; bandmaster to the 23rd Austrian 
Infantry at Brunn, 1858; composed 
more than 300 marches and dances. His 
daughter Virgiuia, an opera singer, 
filled engagements in Berlin, Frank- 
fort, etc. (2) Johann (1828-1883): b. 
Zsambek, d. Pecs, Hungary; nephew 
of (1); composer of dance-music; gave 
concerts In Berlin, 1843-45; St. Peters- 
burg, 1845-54. 

GUNKE, Josepli (1801-1883): b. Jo- 
sephstadt, Bohemia, d. St. Petersburg; 
from 1834 violinist and organist at 
the Imperial Theatre, St. Petersburg, 
teacher of the court chapel choir from 
1864; from 1872 librarian at the Cons.; 
composed a mass, a Requiem, an ora- 
torio, songs and chamber music; au- 
thor of Handbach der Htwmonielehre 
(1852), Vollstandige Kotnpositionslehre 
(3 volumes) and Briefe uber Musik 
(1863). 

GUNIV, John (ca. 1765-ca. 1824): b. 
Edinburgh (?), d. there; writer and 
'cellist; teacher of 'cello at Cambridge 
and London, 1789-95; wrote piano 
method; '40 Favorite Scotch Airs 
Adapted for Violin, German Flute, or 
'Cello . . .'; 'Theory and Practice of 
Fingering the Violoncello . . .' (1793) ; 
'Art of Playing the German Flute'; 
•An Essay, Theoretical and Practical, 
on the Application of Harmony, Thor- 
ough-bass and Modulation to the Violon- 
cello' (Edinburgh, 1801) ; 'An Histori- 
cal Einquiry Respecting the Perform- 
ance of the Harp in the Highlands of 
Scotland, from the Earliest Times until 
... the Year 1734 . . .' (Edinburgh, 
1807). 

Gt^lVTHER, Hermann (1824-1871): 
b. Leipzig, d. there; composed the 
opera Der Abt von St. Gallen (1864) 
under the pseudonym of F. Herther. 
His brother, Dr. Otto G„ was director 
of the Leipzig Cons., 1881-97. 

GtJNTHBR-BACHMANlV, Caroline 
(1816-1874): b. Diisseldorf, d. Leipzig; 
singer in the Leipzig Opera from 1834 
until her death, first as soubrette and 
later in elderly comic rdles. 

GURA (1) Engen (1842-1906): b. 
Pressern, n. Saatz, Bohemia; d. Auf- 
kirchen; dramatic baritone; studied at 
the Polytechnic, the Akademie, Vi- 
enna, and in the Munich Cons.; d^but 
at Munich as Count Liebenau, in Der 
Waffenschmied, 1865; sang In Breslau 
1867-70, In Leipzig 1870-76, in Ham- 
burg 1876-83, and in Munich 1883-95. 
(2) Hermann (1870- ): b. Breslau; 
studied at the Royal Academy of Mu- 
sic, Munich; baritone singer in Wei- 
mar, Berlin, Aachen, Zilrich, Basel, Mu- 
nich and Schwerin; chief stage director 
at the latter, 1897, and Grand Ducal 
chamber singer; director of the Comic 
Opera, Berlin, 1911; singing teacher in 
Berlin, 



195 



Guzewski 

GtlRMTT, Cornellns (1820-1901) : 
b. Altona, n. Hamburg; d. there; dra- 
matic composer; studied under Rei- 
necke the elder, and Weyse at Copen.. 
hagen; organist of the Altona Haupt- 
kirche in 1864; army musical director 
in the Schleswig-Holstein campaign; 
professor in Hamburg Cons., and Royal 
Musikdirektor in 1874; wrote the opera 
Scheik Hassan; Die romische Maaer 
(Altona, 1860) ; operetta, Rafael Sanzio; 
a string quartet; 3 violin sonatas, 'cello 
sonata, and 2 sonatinas for 'cello; pi- 
ano sonatas; many instructive pieces 
for piano; duets and songs. 

GVRRIilCH, Josepli Angustine 
(1761-1817) : b. Milnsterberg, Silesia, d. 
Berlin; organist of tlie Catholic Hed- 
wigskirche, Berlin, 1781, double-bass 
player In the Court orchestra, 1790, 
second director of the Opera, 1811, 
court Kapellmeister, 1816; composed 
operas, ballets, an oratorio, incidental 
music, songs, etc. 

GUSIKOFP, Mlcliael Joseph (1809 
[?]-1837) : b. Government of Mohileflf, 
Russia; d. Aachen; became virtuoso on 
a cembalo constructed by himself; con- 
certized through Europe; composed and 
transcribed for his Instrument. 

GUSSAGO, Cesario (early 17th 
cent.): organist at Brescia; pub. Sacrae 
Cantiones 8 v. (1604), Psalmi et Ves- 
perae 8 V. (1610), Sacrae laudes 3 v. 
(1612), Sonate a i, 6, S con alcuni con- 
cern a 8 con le sue sinfonie (1608). 

GUSTAV III, King of Sweden. Ref. : 
IX. 358. 

GTJTHEIL,-SCHODER, Marie 
(1874- ): b. Weimar; operatic 
mezzo-soprano; studied with Virginia 
Gungl; member of the Weimar Court 
Opera, 1891-1900; since then of the 
Vienna Court Opera ; her husband, 
Gnstav Gatheil (1868-1914), was Ka- 
pellmeister at Strassburg, Weimar and 
Vienna. 

GUTMANN, Adolf (1819-1882) ; b. 
Heidelberg, d. Spezzia; pianist and 
composer; pupil and friend of Cho- 
pin. 

GTJTZMANN, Hermann (1865- ) : 
b. Biilow, Pomerania; studied medi- 
cine in Berlin; lecturer on internal 
medicine at Berlin Univ.; author of 
Stimmblldung und Stimmpflege (1906), 
Physiologic der Stimme und Sprache 
(1909), and articles on the hygiene of 
the voice. 

GUYOT, Jean (1512-1588) : b. Chd- 
telet, d. Lucerne; studied at Louvain 
and Lucerne; precentor at St. Paul, 
Lucerne, 1546, Kapellmeister to Ferdi- 
nand I in Vienna, 1563, subsequently at 
St. Lambert, Lucerne; composed songs 
and motets and wrote a theoretical 
work, ^Minerwa/ia artium (1554). 

GUZEWSKI, Adolf (1876- ): b. 
Dyrwianz, Lithuania; studied at St. 
Petersburg Cons, and with Noskowski 
in Warsaw; teacher of piano and the- 
ory at Moscow Cons, since 1910; com- 
posed the Polish opera, 'The Ice 



Guzman 

Maiden' (1907), a symphony, orches- 
tral variations, etc.; wrote a work on 
practical instrumentation (1909). 

GUZMAN, Jnan Bantista (1846-) : 
b. Aldaya, Valencia; studied with J. M. 
Ubeda; organist at Salamanca, 1872; 
maestro di cappella at churches of 
Avila, 1875, Valladolid, 1876, and the 
Metropolitan Basilica, Valencia, 1877; 
pub. works of J. B. Comes (1889) ; then 
entered the Benedictine monastery at 
Monserrat, Catalonia, where he revived 
the old Boy's Singing School (Esco- 
lania) for which he has written 5 vol- 
umes of songs. 

GYROWETZ, Adalbert (1763-1850) : 
b. Budweis (Bohemia), d. Vienna. He 
was secretary to the Count of Fiinfkir- 
chen in Vienna and later became sec- 
retary of the Imperial Legation at va- 



Gy9 

rious German courts, having command 
of six languages and considerable legal 
knowledge. In Vienna his symphonies 
were well received, and after studying 
with Sala in Naples, he went to Milan, 
Paris, and London, where he composed 
an opera, Semiramide, whose produc- 
tion was prevented by the burning of 
the theatre. G. was court Kapellmeis- 
ter and conductor at the court opera, 
1804-31. His compositions include 3() 
operas and Singspiele, 40 ballets, 19 
masses, 60 symphonies, over 60 string 
quartets, 40 piano sonatas, pieces for 
piano, violin and 'cello, overtures, 
marches, dances, etc., choruses and 
songs, none of which has survived. 

GYS, Joseph (1801-1848) : b. Ghent, 
d. St. Petersburg; violinist, teacher and 
composer. 



196 



H 



Haack 

HAACK. Kari (1751-1819): b. Pots- 
dam, d. there; studied with Franz 
Benda; concert-master to the Prince, 
later King Friedrich Wilhelm II; later 
court Kapellmeister; chief representa- 
tive of the Benda school of violin play- 
ing, composer of violin concertos and 
sonatas for the violin. Ref.: VII. 416. 

HAARKL.OU, Johannes (1847- ) : 

b. Sondfjord, near Bergen; 1873-1876 
pupil of the Leipzig Conservatory; 
1877-1878 of Kiel, Bungert and Haupt 
in Berlin; since 1880 organist of the 
old Akers church at Christiania; con- 
ductor of popular symphony concerts, 
1885-1888. He has written an oratorio, 
Skapelsen (1891), several operas, 2 
symphonies, sacred and secular sonatas, 
songs, part-songs, chamber music and 
piano pieces. He is also known as a 
music critic. Ref.: III. 98. 

HAAS (nie Hollander), Alma 
(1847- ): b. Ratlbor; studied music 
with Wandelt and Kullak; pianist at 
the Gewandhaus concerts and at Lon- 
don; teacher, after the death of her 
husband (1882), at Bradford and King's 
coIIgscs 

HAASE, Rndolf (1841- ) : b. 
Cothen; studied with Hauptmann, 
Moscheles and Bernsdorf in Leipzig; 
teacher at the Seminary and organist 
at the cathedral in Cothen, 1867; 
Ducal Musikdirektor and professor; 
pub. piano pieces, organ works, motets, 
men's choruses and a Leitfaden fiir 
den Schulgesangunterricht (1913). 

HABENECK (1) Francois Antolne 
(1781-1849) : b. M^zieres, Ardennes, d. 
Paris; famous violinist and conductor; 
a pupil of Baillot at the Conservatoire, 
where he later taught; violinist in the 
orch. of the Opera Comi(iue, later first 
violin of the Opira. He conducted the 
Concerts du Conservatoire, 1806-15, and 
upon the reorganization of the Soci^t^ 
des Concerts du Cons, he definitely be- 
came conductor. To him the world- 
reputation of these concerts is due, as 
well as the general acceptance of Beet- 
hoven's works in France. He became 
director of the Op^ra in 1821-24, then 
violin professor and inspector of the 
Cons., and finally conductor of the 
Op^ra as Kreutzer's successor. He was 
both an excellent teacher and conduc- 
tor. His compositions comprise 2 vio- 
lin concertos, duos concertants for 2 
violins, variations for string quartet 



Habert 

and for orchestra, and some pieces for 
the violin. Ref.: VIL 447. (2) Coren- 
tln: brother of F. A. (1) ; violinist. 
Ref.: VIL 447. (3) Joseph: brother of 
(1) and (2); violinist. Ref.: VIL 447. 

HABQRBIBR, Ernst (1813-1869) : b. 
Konigsberg, d. Bergen, Norway; con- 
cert pianist and teacher in St. Peters- 
burg and Moscow ; composed etudes. 

HABERIi, Franz Xaver (1840-1910) : 
b. Oberellenbach, d. Ratisbon. He 
studied at Passau where he entered 
the priesthood and became cathe- 
dral Kapellmeister (1862-67), holding a 
similar position in Ratisbon (1871- 
82). The interim he had spent as or- 
ganist of S. Maria deH'Anima at Rome. 
In Ratisbon he founded (1874) a school 
for church music of international repu- 
tation, and later he was made honor- 
ary canon of the Cathedral of Pales- 
trina by the Pope, receiving the hon- 
orary title of Dr. theol. from Wiirz- 
burg Univ. in 1889. H. is one of the 
most eminent investigators in the field 
of polyphonic church music of the 15th- 
17th centuries. He edited the Cdcilien- 
kalender from 1876, enlarging it as the 
Kirchenmnsikalisches Jahrbuch in 1885. 
He pub. studies in periodicals and sep- 
arately. Including Wilhelm Dufag 
(1885), Die rdmische Schola cantorum, 
etc. (1887), and he continued the pub- 
lication of the collection Masica divina 
after Schrem's death. He also edited 
the periodical, Musica sacra, from 1888, 
and completed (1894) the monumental 
edition of Palestrina's complete works, 
begun by others (Breitkopf & Hartel) ; 
also participated in the complete edi- 
tion of the works of Orlando dl Lasso. 
H.'s once highly valued treatises on 
liturgical songs and old church music 
are no longer authentic, since the Editio 
Mediceea of 1G14 (which he had been 
commissioned to edit by the Pope, and 
which formed the basis of his theories) 
has been shown to be not traceable to 
Palestrlna. Ref.: (cited on Palestrina) 
VL 64 (footnote), 425 (footnote). 

HABERMANIV, Franz Johann (1706- 
1783) : b. Konigswart, Bohemia, d. Eger; 
conductor and teacher in Paris, Flor- 
ence and Prague; published masses, 
litanies and wrote (MS.) symphonies, 
oratorios, sonatas, etc. 

HABERT, Johannes Evangelista 
(1833-1896J : b. Oberplan, Bohemia, d. 
Gmunden; teacher, organist and writer; 



197 



Hackett 

edited the Zeitschrift fur katholische 
Kirchenmusik, 1868-83; composed much 
church music and some works for 
orchestra; author of Beitrdge zur 
Lehre von der musikalischen Komposi- 
tion (4 vols., 1899 et seq.), Praktische 
Orgelschnle (2 vols.), Chorgesang- 
schule (1882), Kleine praktische Or- 
gelschnle, Orgelbuch fur die dster- 
reichische Kirchenprovinz, Theoretisch- 
prakiische Klavierschule. 

HACKETT, Karleton (1867- ) : 
b. Brookline, Mass. ; vocal teacher and 
critic ; studied in Florence, London and 
Munich. He "was head of the vocal 
dept.. Northwestern Univ. 1896-1911; 
do., American Cons, of Music, Chicago, 
from 1897; vice-pres. of the latter since 
1906 ; music critic of Chicago *Evening 
Post' since 1909. Ref.: (cited) IV. 169. 

HACKIi, N. Lajos (1868- ) : b. 
Siegraben; studied with Kossler, teacher 
at National Conservatory of Pesth, 
editor of a musical journal, composer 
of songs and choruses, and author of 
a method of choral singing. 

HACftUART, Carolns (ca. l649-ca. 
1730) : b. The Hague or Bruges, d. The 
Hague; started weekly concerts there, 
1693; composed a singspiel De triom- 
feerende Min. (1680), Cantiones sacrae 
2-8 V. c. istr. (1764), Harmonia Par- 
nassia (1686). 

HADIiBY, Henry [Kimball] 
(1871- ) : b. Somerville, Mass., stud- 
led violin with Heindle and Allen, the- 
ory with Emery and Chadwick in Bos- 
ton, also Mandyczewski in Vienna; or- 
ganist and Instructor, Garden City, L. I., 
1895 ; conductor at Mayence Stadttheater, 
1908; Seattle Symphony Orch., 1909; 
San Francisco Orch. to 1915 ; composed 
4 symphonies (No. 2 won Paderewski 
and New England Cons, prizes), sym- 
phonic poem 'Salome,' symphonic fan- 
tasy, rhapsody 'The Culprit Fay,' 3 
overtures, a music drama, an opera 
Safle (Mayence, 1909), 'cello Konzert- 
stiick, several cantatas, choruses, songs, 
piano pieces, church music. Ref.: IV. 
375ff, 462; VI. 383; portrait, IV. 368. 

HADOW, William Henry (1859-) ; 
b. Ebrington, Gloucestershire, England; 
editor of the important 'Oxford History 
of Music' and author of its 5th volume; 
'Viennese period' (1904) ; received his 
musical education in Darmstadt (1882) ; 
and with Loyd in Oxford (1884-1885). 
Graduated 1890 as Mus. Bac. H. pub- 
lished historical essays ('Studies In 
modern music') 2 volumes (1892-1893) ; 
'A Croatian Composer' [J. Haydn] 
(1897) ; wrote a primer of sonata form 
(1896) and composed cantatas, hymns, 
violin sonatas, a viola sonata and 
sonatas for two pianos. Ref.: III. 430; 
(citations, etc.) H. 15, 40, 59, 88, 98, 
104, 110, 112, 227; VI. 336f. 

HAESCHB, William Bdwln 
(1867- ) : b. New Haven, Connecti- 
cut; pupil of B. Listemann, Perabo and 
Parker; co-founder, dlr. and violinist 
of the New Haven Symphony Orchestra ; 



Hagen 

cond. of the People's Chorus and in- 
structor in orchestration at Yale Univ. 
since 1902. He composed symphonic 
poems, a symphony, a symphonietta, 
choral works, cantata, etc. ('The Haunt- 
ed Oak of Naunau,' 'Young Lovel's 
Bride,' etc.), sonata and other pieces 
for violin, etc. 

HAPFNER, Johann Christian 
Prledrieh (1759-1833) : b. Oberschonau, 
d. Upsala; conductor of a travelling 
theatre company, organist and accom- 
panist at Stockholm; composer of op- 
eras in the style of Gluck (Elektra, 
Alkides, Rinaldo) ; collector and ar- 
ranger of Swedish folk-songs. He pub. 
a Swedish book of chorales with the 
melodies in their 17th century form 
(1819^ 1821), also preludes for these 
and 4-part arrangement of old Swedish 
songs (2 books, 1832-33). H. became 
Kapellmeister at the court theatre in 
Stockholm (1798-1808). 

HAFPNER, Jahann TJlrich ([?]- 
1767) : d. Nuremberg; founder of a mu- 
sic firm in Nuremberg, w^here he pub- 
lished collections of pianoforte sonatas, 
including those of P. E. Bach, Scho- 
bert, Appell, Scarlatti, etc. He had a 
reputation as a lute virtuoso. 

HAGEL (1) Karl (1847- ): b. 
Thuringia, violinist in Erfurt and 
Hildesheim, conductor in Nordhausen, 
Munich and Bamberg; composer of 4 
symphonies, overtures, 5 string quar- 
tets, a string quintet, a sextet, a wind 
sextet, trios, etc. (2) Ridiard (1872-) : 
b. Erfurt, son andoPupll of Karl (1) ; 
concert-master in Abo, Finland, later 
Kapellmeister and founder of the Phil- 
harmonic concerts at Barmen, Kapell- 
meister of the Leipzig Stadttheater and 
the Riedel-Verein. 

HAGBMAN, Manrits L.eon]iaTd 
(1829- ) : b. Ziltphen; studied at the 
conservatoires of The Hague and Brus- 
sels, with F^tis, Michelot and de Beriot; 
Musikdirektor at Groningen, 1853-65; 
director of the Philharmonic Society 
and the Cons, of Batavia, 1865-75; Mu- 
sikdirektor at Leeuwarden; founder 
and director of the Municipal Cons, 
there; composed piano pieces, songs, 
choral "works w. orch., an oratorio. 

HAGEN (1) Friedrieli Heinrieh von 
der (1780-1856) : b. Schmiedeberg, d. 
Berlin ; professor of literature in Berlin, 
writer on German, French and Flemish 
folk songs, also on the German minne- 
singers. (2) Jobann Baptist (1818- 
1870): b. Mayence, d. Wiesbaden; con- 
ductor and composer. (3) Theodor 
(1823-1871) : b. Hamburg, d. New York; 
music critic and teacher in Switzerland, 
London and New York; editor of 'The 
New York Weekly Review'; pub. songs, 
piano pieces; author (under pseudo- 
nym Joachim Fels) of Zivilization nnd 
Musik (1846) and Musikalische No- 
vellen (1848). (4) Adolf (1851- ): 
b. Bremen; violinist in court the- 
atre at Wiesbaden, director of music 
in Danzig and Bremen, conductor 

198 



Hagep 

at Freiberg and Hamburg, Riga and 
the court of Dresden, where he di- 
rected the Conservatory. His com- 
positions comprise a comic opera and 
a one-act operetta. 

HAGEIR, Jobannes. See Hasslin- 
ger-Hassingen. 

HS.GG (1) Jacob Adolf (1850- ) : 
Ostergarn, Gothland; studied with J. 
van Boom, Stockholm, Gade, Copenha- 
gen, and Kiel, Berlin. H. is the com- 
poser of numerous intimate piano min- 
iatures ( songs without words, impromp- 
tus, etc.); pieces for 'cello and piano; 
organ pieces ; piano sonatas ; and a 
'Northern Symphony.' Ref.: lU. 79. 

(2) Gustaf (1868- ) : virtuoso on 
organ, which he teaches at Stockholm 
Conservatory; composer of several 
large orchestral, chamber and organ 
works. 

HAGUE (1) Charles (1769-1821) : b. 
Tadcaster, d, Cambridge; professor and 
composer. (2) Harriet (1793-1816) : 
daughter of Charles, pianist and com- 
poser. (3) Kleanor: contemp. Amer. 
collector of folk-songs. Ref.: IV. 
(quoted) 312f. 

HAHIV (1) (Han, Gallns), Trirlch 
([?]-1478): b. Ingolstadt, d. Rome; 
the first printer of a missal in Roman 
choral notes (graceful square notes on 
red lines like those of Scotus), having 
pub. the Missale Romanun in 1476. J. 
Reyser and O. Scotus were H.'s suc- 
cessors. Ref.: I. 285. (2) Albert 
(1828-1880) : b. Thorn, d. Lindenau, 
near Leipzig; conductor in Bielefeld, 
founder of a musical periodical. Die 
Totikunst, and author of Mozarts 
Requiem (1867), Zur Organisation der 
Musik im ganzen Lande (1879), etc. 

(3) Reynaldo (1874- ) : b. Caracas, 
Venezuela; pupil of Massenet at Paris 
Cons. ; composer of an idylle poljj- 
nesienne (3 acts) L'lle du Reve (prod. 
at Opera Comique, 1898) ; Incidental mu- 
sic to Daudefs L'Obstacle, and other 
scenic works ; also piano pieces for 2 
and 4 hands, and numerous songs. 
Ref.: V. 319; VI. 355, 388. 

HiHNEIi (1). See Gallus, J. (2) 
Amalie (1807-1849) : b. Grosshiibel, 
Bohemia, d. there; contralto at the Ber- 
lin Royal Opera, 

HAIBfAUER, Jnllas (1827-1897) : b. 
Glogau, d. Breslau; founder of a pub- 
lishing firm in Breslau. 

HAINL, Praneois George (1807- 
1873): b. Issoire, d. Paris; studied at 
the Conservatoire; 'cello virtuoso; con- 
ducted at a Lyons theatre and the Con- 
servatoire concerts, also the court con- 
certs in Paris, 1867. In 1863 he was 
one of the directors of the Paris Op^ra. 
He composed for the 'cello and wrote 
on the history of music in Lyons 
(1852). 

HAIZINGER, Anton (1796-1869) : b. 
Wilfersdorf, Lichteustein, d. Carlsruhe; 
pupil of Salierl; teacher in Vienna; 
operatic tenor there and in Carlsruhe, 
Paris and London. He wrote a text 



Hal^vy 

book on vocal training, published in 
1843. His wife was Amalie Naumann, 
nie ^orstadt. 

HALE (or Halle), Adam de la. 
See Adam. 

HALE, Philip (1854- ): b. Nor- 
wich, Vt. ; critic; studied law; pupil 
of Dudley Buck and of Haupt, Faisst, 
Ur'ban, Bargiel, Rheinberger, Guilmant, 
Raif and Scholz in Europe; organist 
at Albany, Troy, N. Y., and Roxbury, 
Mass.; cond. of the Schubert Club 
(male chorus), Albany (1887-89) ; music 
critic for the Boston 'Home Journal," 
1889-91; 'Boston Post,' 1890-91; 'Bos- 
ton Journal,' since 1891 (now 'Boston 
American') ; also sometime editor of 
the Boston 'Musical Record,' and Bos- 
ton correspondent of the 'Musical 
Courier'; author of program notes for 
Boston Symphony Orchestra. He has 
lectured at Columbia Univ. and else- 
where. Ref.: (quoted) IV. 219f, 390; 
VL 460. 

HAL]evY (1) Jacqnes-Frangois- 
FromentaI-£lie (1799-1862) : b. Paris, 
d. Nice. He entered the Conservatoire at 
10, studied with Cazot, and later piano 
with Lambert, harmony with Berton, 
and counterpoint with Cherubini; won 
the Prix de Rome in 1819 with his can- 
tata Herminiet having already written 
an opera, a four hand piano sonata, 
etc. After two other vain attempts he 
got a one-act comic opera, L'Artisan, 
produced at the Theatre Feydeau, in 
1827 became professor at the Conserva- 
toire, and ceinbalist at the Italian Opera 
in the same year. With Rifaut he 
composed Le Rol et le Batelier in honor 
of Charles X in 1827, and in 1829 made 
a success with Clari (with Malibran) 
at the Theatre Italien, followed by Le 
dilettante d' Avignon and the grand bal- 
let Manon Lescaut (1830). After his 
appointment as chef de chant at the 
Opera, he produced La langue mnsicale 
at the Comique; La tentation (1832; 
ballet-opera, with Gide) at the Op^ra; 
also Les Souvenirs de Lafleur and a 
completion of Harold's unfinished Ludo- 
Vic (1832). His masterpiece. La Juive, 
was produced at the Opira in 1835 
and was followed by L'6clair, a comic 
opera; Guido et Ginevra (1838); Les 
Treize (1839) ; Le Drapier (1840) ; La 
Reine de Chypre; Le Guitarero (1841); 
Charles VI (1843) ; Le Lazzarone (1844) ; 
and Les mousqaetaires de la reine 
(1846); Le Val d'Andorre (1848; adapt- 
ed for the English stage in London, 
1850) ; La Fee aux roses (1849) ; La 
Dame de pique (1850) ; La Tempesta 
(It. opera, London, 1850) ; Le Juif er- 
rant (1852) ; Le Nabab (1853) ; Jaguarita 
(1855) ; L'lnconsolable (1855) ; Valen- 
tine d'Aubigny (1856) ; La Magicienne 
(1857). He also collaborated with 
Adam, Auber and Carafa, in Les 
premiers pas, with which the National 
Opira was inaugurated (1847). He 
composed, besides the works mentioned, 
romances, nocturnes, part-songs for 



199 



Halir 

male voices; scenes from 'Prometheus 
Unbound* (1849) ; 2 cantatas (1859) ; and 
2 unfinished operas, Yanina d'Ornano 
(completed by Bizet) and Le Deluge. 
His Legons de lecture musicale was 
adopted as the text-book for singing 
in the Paris schools, and in tlie 
capacity of secretary of the Acadgmie 
(he was a member from 1836), 'he de- 
livered funeral orations, published as 
Souvenirs et portraits (1861) and 
Derniers souvenirs et portraits (1863). 
Ref.: II. 207; IX. 180ff, 235, 238; mus. 
ex., XIII. 255. (2) Lndovlc (1834- 
1908): b. Paris; French author and 
librettist; collaborated with Meilhac In 
writing librettos for Offenbach's op- 
erettas and Bizet's Carmen; member of 
the French Academy, 1884. Ref.: II. 
393; IX. 238, 248. 

HALIR (1) Karl (1859-1909): b. 
Hohenelbe, Bohemia, d. Berlin; stud- 
ied with Joachim; played with Bilse 
and at Konlgsberg and Mannheim; 
court concert-master, at Weimar, Berlin, 
member of the Joachim Quartet, leader 
of a quartet founded by himself, wrote 
a book of scale studies. Ref.: VII. 451, 
465. (2) Therese, nie Zerbst (1859-) : 
b. Berlin; studied with Eichberg, con- 
cert soprano, married Karl H., 1888. 

HALI,, liCland (1883- ) : b. Mai- 
den, Mass. ; studied musical history and 
aesthetics at Harvard University, piano 
with Harold Bauer in Paris and Bos- 
ton; assistant professor of musical his- 
tory in the University of Wisconsin, 
1910-12 ; lecturer on music In Columbia 
University, 1913-14; author of program 
notes of the New York Symphony So- 
ciety, 1913-14; associate editor of 'The 
Art of Music' 1913-16. 

HAIiliC: [Sir] Charles (real name 
Karl Halle) (1819-1895) : b. Hagen, 
Westphalia, d. Manchester. He was an 
infant prodigy, a pupil of Rink at 
Darmstadt, and intimate with Cheru- 
bini, Chopin, Liszt, Kalkbrenner, etc., 
in Paris, where he made a brilliant 
success. This he repeated in London, 
where he became a fashionable teach- 
er. In Manchester he directed the 
Gentlemen's Concerts, and, in 1857, 
founded the Charles Hallo's Orchestra, 
giving subscription concerts. He was 
also connected with the London Popu- 
lar Concerts, gave Beethoven recitals 
and in 1880 prod. Berlioz's Faust in 
London. In 1890 and 1891 he visited 
Australia with his wife (nee Neruda), 
w^hom he married in 1888. In that 
year he was knighted and in 1884 was 
made hon. Mus. Doc. by Edinburgh 
University. He published a nmnber 
of compositions and a method for 
piano, also an 'Autobiography' (1897). 
Ref.: in. 411. 

HAI/IifiN, Anders (1846- ) : b. 
Gotenburg, Sweden ; stud, with Reinecke, 
Rhelnberger and Rletz. He conducted 
the Musical Union, Gotenburg, 1872-78 
and 1883; and the Royal Opera at 
Stockholm from 1892. He composed 2 



Halsley 

operas, Barald der Viking (Leipzig, 
1881; Stockholm, 1883); Hexf alien 
(Stockholm, 1896) ; 2 Swedish Rhap- 
sodies, Vom Pagen und der Konigstoch- 
ter, and Traumkonig und sein Lieb, 
for chorus, soli and orch.. Das Ahren- 
feld, for female chorus and piano; 
Vienta, choral rhapsody with piano; 
Ein Sommermdrchen, symphonic poem 
(1889) ; romance for violin and orch., 
songs, etc. Ref.: III. 80f. 

HALLBR, Michael (1840-1915): b. 
Neusaat; ordained priest at Ratisbon; 
teacher of counterpoint and vocal com- 
position at the church music school 
there; composed much church music, 
besides secular choruses, songs, melo- 
dramas, string quartets, etc.; author of 
essays in Haberl's Kirchenmusikalisches 
Jahrbuch, a Komposttionslehre fiXr den 
polyphonen Kirchengesang (1891), a 
Vademecum fiir den Gesangsunterricht 
(1876), Modulationen in den Kirchen- 
tonarten and a collection of Exempla 
polyphoniae ecclesiasticae. 

HALLSTROM, Ivar (1826-1901) : b. 
Stockholm, d. there. He was pri- 
vate librarian to the Crown Prince of 
Sweden and from 1861 dir. of the 
school of music. He wrote the operas 
'Mountain King' (1874), 'Bride of the 
Gnome' (1875), 'Vikings' Voyage' (1877), 
'Nyaga' (book by Carmen Sylva, 1885), 
'Per Swinaherde' (1887) and 'Granada's 
Daughter' (Stockholm, 1892) also two 
earlier unsuccessful operas, besides 
choral works, etc. Ref.: III. 79. 

HALI/WACHS, Karl (1870- ) : b. 
Darmstadt; pupil of Rhelnberger, 
Thuille, etc., choral conductor at Darm- 
stadt, Kapellmeister at Aachen, con- 
ductor at Saarbrilcken and Cassel. He 
composed an opera, mixed and men's 
choruses, a number of well-known 
songs and piano pieces. He married 
Frieda H.-Tzerni, concert singer. 

HALM (1) Anton (1789-1872); b. 
Wies, d. Vienna; studied and taught 
at Graz; for about 60 years a noted 
teacher in Vienna ; composed many pi- 
ano etudes, piano sonatas, chamber 
music, a mass, songs, etc. ; friend of 
Beethoven, at whose request he made 
a piano arrangement of the quartet 
fugue op. 133. (2) August (1869-) : 
b. Gross-Altdorf ; studied at the Royal 
Music School, Munich; director of the 
Liedertafel and teacher at the Munici- 
pal High School, Ulm; author of a 
Harmonielehre, Von zwei Kulturen der 
Musik (1913), Die Sgmphonie A. 
Bruckners (1914) ; pub. piano compo- 
sitions, a string quartet, a symphony 
for string orchestra and one for full 
orch., a concerto for orch, w. piano, etc. 

HALPERSON, Maurice: contempo- 
rary music critic, h. Germany, studied 
in various cities, critic of the New York 
Staats-Zeitung since 1905; lecturer on 
opera; contributor to 'Musical America.' 

HAIiSLEY, Ernest: contemp. Eng- 
lish composer of church music. Ref.: 
III. 442. 



200 



Haltenhof 

HAIiTEJTHOP (18th cent.) : instru- 
ment maker at Hanau; improved mech- 
anism of waldhorn; Invented the tu- 
ning slide. 

HAIiVORSBJN, Johan (1864- ): 
b. Drammen, Norway; studied violin 
with Lindberg and theory with Nord- 
quist at the Stockholm Cons.; concert- 
master of the Bergen 'Harmonie'; then 
studied with Brodsky in Leipzig, toured 
as virtuoso; concert-master of the 
Aberdeen Philharmonic for a time and 
teacher at the Helsingfors Cons. 3 years. 
After further studies (composition with 
A. Becker, Berlin; violin with Cisar 
Thomson, Liege) he became conductor 
of the theatre and the Harmonie sym- 
phony concerts in Bergen, and in 1899 
conductor at the National Theatre, 
Christiania. He composed a violin con- 
certo, 3 suites for piano and violin, 
music for several dramas (Bjomson, 
etc.), a coronation cantata for King 
Haakon, choruses, piano pieces, and 
songs. Ref.: IH. 98. 

HAMAi, Jan Noel (1709-1778) : b. 
Liege, d. there; church conductor and 
composer of symphonies, arias, and one 
opera, prod, there. 

HASIBOURG, Mark (1879- ) : b. 
Gogutschar-Woronesch, South Russia ; 
pupil of his father and Leschetizky; 
brilliant pianoforte virtuoso and teach- 
er; resident in London; made success- 
ful tours of Europe and America. 

HAMEIi, Marie Pierre (1786-1870) : 
b. Auneuil, d. Beauvais; built the 
great organ in the cathedral of Beau- 
vais; author of Nouveau manuel com- 
plet du facteuT d'orgues (1849), found- 
ed a Philharmonic Society at Beau- 
vais which was one of the first 
to play Beethoven's symphonies in 
France. 

HAMBOYS. See Hanboys. 

HAME:RIK, Asger (1843- ) ; b. 
Copenhagen; composer; at first self- 
taught, then pupil of Gade, Matthison- 
Hansen, and Haberbier; also piano 
pupil of Billow at Berlin. In Paris 
he met Berlioz (1864), who went 
with him to Vienna in 1866. At the 
Paris Exhibition he was a member of 
the musical jury and received a gold 
medal for his Hgmne de la Paix. He 
composed 2 operas, 'Tovelille' and 
'Hjalmar and Ingeborg,' fragments of 
which were perf. in Paris and Copen- 
hagen, also an Italian opera, La Ven- 
detta (Milan, 1870). In 1871 he be- 
came director of the Conservatory of 
the Peabody Institute, and of the Pea- 
body symphony concerts in Baltimore. 
He also wrote Der Wanderer (1872), a 
festival cantata to commemorate the 
new Swedish constitution (1866) ; an 
Oper ohne Worte (1883) ; a choral, 
Christliche Trilogie (pendant to a 
Trilogie judaique brought out in Paris) ; 
5 symphonies (1880-91) ; 5 orchestral 
Nordische Suiten, a fantasia for 'cello 
and piano, a concert romance for 'cello 
and orch. ; a piano quartet, cantatas. 



Hanuuerstetn 

songs, etc. Ref.: III. 73, 74f; IV. 247; 
VIII. 470. 

HAMERLING, German poet. Ref.: 
VI. 210. 

HAMERTOBT. William H. (1795- 
after 1829) : b. Nottingham, d. Calcutta; 
singing teacher and composer. 

HAMILTON (1) Newbnrg! librettist 
of Handel's 'Samson.' Ref.: II. 56. (2) 
James Alexander (1775-1845) ; b. Lon- 
don, d. there; author of 'Modern In- 
struction for the Pianoforte' (in part 
frequently republished) ; also a number 
of musical catechisms (singing, organ, 
harmony and thorough-bass, counter- 
point, double-counterpoint, orchestra- 
tion and score playing, etc.) ; also 'A 
New Theoretical Musical Grammar' (3d 
ed. 1848). He translated Cherubini's 
'Counterpoint,' Baillot's 'Violin School,' 
etc. (3) Edward (19th cent.) : Ameri- 
can nausical pioneer. Ref. : IV. 222. 

HAMMBRICH, Angul (1848- ) : 
b. in Copenhagen; brother of Asger 
Hamerik (q. v.), studied 'cello with 
Rildinger and Neruda; became con- 
tributor to Naer og Fjern, music critic 
of Nationaltidende, and wrote on the 
Conservatory of Copenhagen, etc. He 
became decent for musical science at 
Copenhagen Univ., pub. a valuable 
study on music at the court of Chris- 
tian IV of Denmark, and another on 
old Norse lore. He also founded the 
Copenhagen collection of old instru- 
ments, 1898. 

HAMMERSCHMIDT.Andreas (1611- 
1675) : b. Brilx, in Bohemia, d. Zit- 
tau; organist at Freiberg, and at Zittau, 
where a statue of him was erected. 
His compositions, important historical- 
ly, and original in content, include 
Instrumentalischer erster Fleiss (1636) ; 
Musikalische Andachten (1638) ; Dia- 
logi Oder Gesprache zwischen Gott und 
einer gldubigen Seele (2 vols., 1645) ; 
XVII Missae Sacrae, a 5-12 (1633) ; 
Padaanen, Galliarden, Balletten, etc. 
(1648 and 1650, two parts) ; WeltUche 
Oden (1650, two parts) ; Lob- und Dank- 
lied aas dem Si. Psalm, a 9 (1652) ; 
Chormusik, funfter Theil (1652) ; Mo- 
tettae unius et duarum vocum. (1646) ; 
Masikalisches Bethaus; Gesprache iiber 
die Evangelia, a 4-7, with continue 
(1655-56, two parts) ; Fest-, Buss- und 
Danklieder (5 vocal and 5 instr. parts 
and continuo, 1659) ; Kirchen- und 
Tafelmusik (sacred concertos, 1662) ; 
and Fest- und Zeitandachten, a 6 (1671). 
Ref. : I. 287 ; VI. 114 (footnote) ; VII. 473. 
HAMMERSTEIsr, Oscar (1847-) : 
b. Berlin; operatic impresario; leased 
and managed New York Stadt-Theater, 
1870; built several theatres in New 
York, and in 1906 the Manhattan Opera 
House, where for 3 seasons he prod, 
opera in competition with the Metro- 
politan, introducing several works of 
the modern French school in America 
and staging some notable revivals of 
older Italian operas. Ref.: IV. 144, 
151£f, 169, 179. 

201 



Hammond 

HAMMOND, William G.: contemp. 
American composer of church music, 
songs, etc. fie/.: IV. 355. 

HAMPEIi (1) Anton J. ([?1-1771): 
horn virtuoso, member of the Dresden 
court orchestra, 1737. He invented tlie 
crooks for the horn hy which the 
pitch of the instrument is changed. 
He also designed the 'Inventionshom* 
made by J. Werner of Dresden, whicli 
was imitated in the 'Inventionstrum- 
pete' of Woggel (Auxberg) about 1770. 
Ref.: Vra. 98. (2) Hans (1822-1884): 
b. Prague, d. there ; pupil of Tomaschek, 
and composer of piano pieces. 

HANBOYS, John (14th cent.) : Eng- 
lish writer on measured music. 

HANBY, B. R. (19th cent.) : Ameri- 
can writer of 'negro minstrel* songs. 
Ref.: IV. 318. 

HAND, Ferdinand Gotthelf (1786- 
1851) : b. Plauen, d. Jena; councillor 
and professor of Greek literature, pub. 
an Asthetik der Tonkunst (2 vols., 
1837-41). 

HANDEL (1) (or Handel, Handl). 
See Gallus. (2) Gears Priedricli 
(George Frederick) (1685-1759) : b. Halle, 
d. London; was the son of a barber, 
who became afterwards surgeon and 
valet to the Prince of Saxe-Magdeburg, 
and his second wife, Dorothea Taust, 
daughter of a pastor. In spite of his 
father's opposition he secretly learned 
to play the harpsichord by himself and 
at 7 years of age had an opportunity 
to be heard on the organ by the Duke 
of Saxe-Weissenfels who insisted on 
his musical education. He then studied 
counterpoint, canon, and fugue with 
the organist Zachau at Halle and prac- 
tised the oboe, spinet, harpsichord, and 
organ, became assistant to his teacher, 
and for three years composed a motet 
for every Sunday. In 1702 H. entered 
Halle Univ. as a law student, follow- 
ing his father's desire, and at the 
same time was organist at the Calvin- 
istic Domkirche. In 1703 he went to 
Hamburg, where he was engaged by 
Keiser, director of the German opera, 
as violino ripieno, and later super- 
seded Keiser as clavecinist. Here he 
"Wrote a Passion to words by Postel, 
and prod. 2 operas, Almira and Nero 
(1705). In 1706 he went to Florence, 
where he prod, his first Italian opera, 
Rodrigo, which was followed by Agrip- 
pina in Venice, the oratorios La Risur- 
rezione and II Trionfo del Tempo e 
del Disinganno in Rome, and the sere- 
nata Act, Galatea e Polifemo in Naples. 
There he was influenced by Alessandro 
Scarlatti. In 1709 he became Kapell- 
meister to the Elector of Hanover, and 
in 1710 he visited England, producing 
his Rinaldo, at the Haymarket. His 
success induced him to return to Lon- 
don in 1712 (again on leave of ab- 
sence) and he prod. II Pastor fldo and 
Teseo, also an Ode for the (Jueen's 
birthday, and a Te Deum and Jubilate 
in celebration of the Peace of Utrecht. 



202 



Handel 

This brought him royal favor, and an 
annuity of £200. H. failed to return 
to Hanover, and when, in 1714, the 
Elector became George I. of England, 
it was necessary to obtain intercession, 
and to curry favor by composing the 
famous *\Vater Musick* in order to have 
himself reinstated at court. On a visit 
to Hanover with his royal patron 
(1716-18) H. comp. the 'Brockes Pas- 
sion.' In 1718 he succeeded Dr. Pepusch 
as chapel master to the Duke of Chan- 
dos, and comp. his first great English 
oratorio, 'Esther,' also the secular ora- 
torio *Acis and Galatea,' and the Chan- 
dos Te Deums and Anthems. He be- 
came music-master to the Prince of 
Wales' daughters, and in that capacity 
wrote his 'Lessons' (Suites de Piices) 
for harpsichord, Incl. the 'Harmonious 
Blacksmith.' Becoming dir. of the new 
Royal Academy of Music (Ital. opera), 
he prod. Radamisto in 172(), with Sene- 
sino and Margherita Durantasti. His 
success led to the rivalry between him- 
self and Bononcini, which raged, with 
the public divided, until 1731, when 
Bononcini had to leave England in 
humiliation because of flagrant plagi- 
arism. H. had meantime become nat- 
uralized, in 1729 joined Heidegger in 
the management of the King's Theatre 
and in 1733 undertook the management 
of the opera alone. He made enemies 
and was opposed by a rival organiza- 
tion (Senesino, Porpora, later Hasse), 
and in 1737 failed. His health was 
Impaired and he went to the continent, 
while Heidegger resumed his operatic 
venture. H. wrote some operas for it, 
of which the last was Deidamia (1741). 
Henceforth he devoted himself to ora- 
torio. 'Saul' and 'Israel in Egypt' had 
been performed in 1739, also the 'Ode 
for St. Cecilia's Day,' and the ode 
L'allegro, il penseroso, ed it moderato 
in 1740. 'The Messiah* was brought out 
in Dublin in 1742, followed by 'Sam- 
son,' the Dettingen Te Deum, 'Semele,' 
'Joseph' (1743) ; 'Belshazzar' and 'Her- 
acles* (1744). The 'Occasional Ora- 
torio' and 'Judas Maccabaeus' were 
brought out in 1746, then 'Joshua' 
(1747), 'Solomon' (1748), 'Susannah' 
(1748), 'Theodora' (1749), 'The Choice 
of Hercules' (1750), and 'Jephthah' 
(1752). In 1750 H. revisited Germany, 
two years later he was afflicted with 
cataract and after three operations be- 
came totally blind, but he continued 
his musical performances under the 
direction of his pupil, John Christopher 
Smith, and accompanied his oratorios 
on the organ until the year of his death. 
H. is recognized as one of the greatest 
of all musicians, the creator and su- 
preme master of the oratorio, as we 
know it to-day, and the superior of all 
his contemporaries in the field of dra- 
matic composition, yielding only to 
Bach in other directions. His works 
include, aside from his operas (which 
are enumerated in Volume 1. pp. 423 



Handlo 

et seq.) and oratorios, the follow- 
ing: 

For Habpsichobd : 'The Lessons,' in 3 
sets; 6 fugues; 4 minuets and a inarch; 
the 'Forest Musick' (Dublin, 1742) ; and 
short pieces. For Strings, etc.: The 
'Water Musick' (1715) ; the 'Fireworks 
Mustek' (1749) ; 4 sets of 6 organ con- 
certos (1738, '40, '60, '61); 3 organ 
concertos (1797) ; numerous string-trios 
(sonatas) ; concertone in 9 parts, for 2 
solo violins, 'cello, oboe, and string- 
orch. (1741) ; a concerto for trumpets 
and horns, another for horns and side- 
drums (MS.) ; sonata for 2 violins ; 
sonatas for violin, viola, and oboe; 
etc. 

Among the original manuscripts 
bequeathed to his amanuensis, Joh. Chr. 
Schmidt (and presented by the latter's 
son to George III) are 32 vols, of op- 
eras, 21 of oratorios, 7 of odes and 
serenatas, 12 of sacred music, 11 of 
cantatas and sketches, and 5 vols, of 
instrumental music. To this must be 
added the Fitzwilliam Collection at 
Cambridge, containing 7 volumes in 
rough drafts, notes and sketches for 
various works ; also a complete Chandos 
Anthem. An edition of H.'s works in 
36 volumes, by Arnold, pub. by com- 
mand of George 111, in 1786, is incom- 
plete and incorrect, and has been super- 
seded by the 100 vols., edited by Chrys- 
ander and pub. by the Handel-Gesell- 
schaft. Ref.: For life and work see I. 
418ff; (as organist) VI. 452f ; for choral 
works, VI. 127/', 2i6f[ ; organ works, VI. 
454f; harpsichord compositions, VII. 87; 
orchestral works, VIII. 135ff; opera, IX. 
31ir; dances, X. 99, 121, 145; mus. ex., 
XIII. 156, 158, 159, 161; portrait, I. 
438; organ (illus.), VI. 402; facsimile 
of MS. (Messiah), VI. 252. For general 
references see individual indexes. 

HANDIiO, Robert de (14th cent.) : 
English writer on music. 

HANDROCK, Jnllns (1830-1894) : b. 
Naumburg, d. Halle; teacher, composer 
and music critic; wrote studies and 
exercises; friend of Liszt and Franz. 

HXIVEiL. VON CHRONENTHAL,, 
Julia (1839- ): b. Graz; studied in 
Paris; composed 4 symphonies, 22 
piano sonatas, a string quartet, noc- 
turnes, arrangements of Chinese melo- 
dies for orchestra, etc.; she married 
the Marquis d'H^ricourt de Valin- 
court. 

HANFF, Johann Nlcolans (1630- 
1706): b. Weehmar, d. Schleswig; ca- 
thedral organist in the latter city; one 
of the most distinguished masters of 
choral writing before Bach. Six of his 
choral preludes are preserved (pub. by 
R. Straube in Choralvorspiel alter 
Meister) ; some of them served as mod- 
els for Bach. 

HAWFSTAIVGL (nie SchrSder), op- 
era singer, pupil of Viardot-Garcia, sang 
at the The^re Lyrique, Paris, court 
opera, Stuttgart^ then, after studying 
with Vannucini in Florence at the 



Hansmann 

Frankfort Stadttheater, and, since 1895, 
has been instructor in singing at the 
Hoch Conservatory. She wrote Meine 
Lehrweise der Gesangskunst (1902). 
Ref.: IV. 133. 

HANNIKAINEN, P. J. (1854- ): 

b. Helsingfors; studied there; teacher 
at the seminary of lyvaskyla, director 
of the Student's Choral Union at 
Helsingfors; edited the first Finnish 
musical journal, Saveleita, 1887-90; 
pub. a collection of Finnish folk-songs 
and dances, and several volumes of his 
own songs and choruses. 

HAN ON, Charles Louis: b. 1820; 
organist and piano teacher at Boulogne- 
sur-Mer, author of Le pianiste virtuose, 
a valuable set of 60 progressive £tudes. 
He also pub. a collection of extracts 
from the works of the great masters, an 
elementary piano method, and a collec- 
tion of 50 caniiques choisis. 

HANSEN, [Emil] Robert (I860-): 
b. Copenhagen; 'cellist; studied at the 
Copenhagen Cons, and in Dresden; 
member of the Dresden Court Orches- 
tra, 1877-89, and of the Gewandhaus 
Orchestra, Leipzig, since 1891; teacher 
at the Leipzig Cons.; has composed 
much chamber music, a symphony and 
other works for orchestra, the opera 
Frauenlist (1911), and the operetta Die 
Wilde Komtesse (1913). 

HANSLICK, Eduard (1825-1904) ; b. 
Prague, d. Vienna. After studying law 
and becoming Dr. jur. (having mean- 
time been a pupil in music of Tomas- 
chek at Prague), he became music critic 
for the Wiener Zeitung (1849-99) ; later 
for the Vienna Presse (1855-64), and for 
the Neue Freie Presse from 1864. He 
was lecturer, then professor (1861-95) 
of musical history and aesthetics in 
Vienna Univ. H. wrote Vom Musikal- 
isch-Schonen; ein Beitrag zur Revision 
der Asthelik der Tonkanst (Leipzig, 
1854), which went through many edi- 
tions and was translated into French, 
Spanish, English, Italian, Russian, etc. 
It enunciates a theory of pure sesthetic 
values, discrediting all non-musical, or 
sentimental elements in musical ap- 
preciation. H. also pub. Geschichte des 
Konzertwesens in Wien (1869), Aus dem 
Konzertsaal (1870), Die moderne Oper 
(1875, et seq.), Musikalische Stationen 
(1880) ; Aus dem Opernleben der Gegen- 
wart (1884); Suite: Aufsdtze fiber Mu- 
sik und Musiker (1885), Konzerte, Kom- 
ponisten u. Virtuosen der letzten Jahre 
(1886) ; Musikalisches Skizzenbuch 
(1888) ; Musikalisches u. Litterarisches 
(1889) ; Aus dem Tagebuch eines Mu- 
sikers (1892) ; Aus meinein Leben (1894, 
2 vols.), Funf Jahre Musik (1896), etc., 
and edited Th. Billroth's posthumous 
essay, Wer ist mnsikalisch? (1895). 
Ref.: II. 436, 440. 

HANSMANN, Viktor (1871-1909) : 
b. Warasdin, Croatia, d. Berlin; com- 
poser of the operas Enoch Arden (1897), 
Die Nazarener (1906), Vnter der Reichs- 
fahne (1906), and songs. 



203 



Hanssens 

HANSSBIVS (1) Charles liOnis 
Josef (1777-1852): b. Ghent, d. Brus- 
sels; studied in Ghent and with Ber- 
ton in Paris; theatre conductor in 
Ghent, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht 
and Antwerp; conductor of the Theatre 
de la Monnaie and director of the Cons., 
Brussels; composed a number of op- 
eras, 6 masses and other church music. 
(2) Charles Louis [the Younger] (1802- 
1871): b. Ghent, d. Brussels; 'cellist in 
the orchestra of the National Theatre, 
Amsterdam, and second conductor 
there, 1824; professor of harmony at 
the Brussels Cons., 1827; second di- 
rector of the Theatre Ventadour, Paris, 
1834; at the French Opera, The Hague, 
1835; Kapellmeister at the Th^tre de 
la Monnaie, Brussels, 1848-69, and 
opera director there 1851-54; composed 
operas, ballets, symphonies, overtures, 
orchestral fantasies, a 'cello concerto, a 
violin concerto, 2 clarinet concertos, a 
Symphonic concertante for clarinet and 
violin, masses, a Requiem, etc. 

[d'J HARCOURT, BngSne (ca. 
1855- ) : b. Paris, there studied at 
the Conservatoire, also with Bargiel, 
etc., in Berlin. He founded the eclectic 
popular concerts in his own hall (Salle 
Harcourt), which he resumed in 1900 as 
Grands oratorios a I'eglise St. Eustache. 
He composed a mass, an opera, 3 sym- 
phonies, string quartets, etc., translated 
Weber's Freischiltz, etc., into French, 
and wrote a study on contemporary 
music in Italy (1907), also Germany 
and Austria (1908), produced by virtue 
of a state subvention. 

HARDEIjLE (17th cent.) : harpsi- 
chord player, pupil of Chambonnieres. 
Ref.: Vn. 36. 

[d'l HARDEIiOT, Guy (Mrs. 
Rhodes) : b. Chateau d'Hardelot, near 
Boulogne, France; contemp. Loudon 
composer of popular songs and one 
operetta. 

HARDIBIG, Henry Alfred (1855-) : 
b. Salisbury; studied with Corfe; 
organist, director and conductor at Sid- 
mouth and Bedford; composed church 
music and piano pieces; wrote an 
'Analysis of Form' and 'Musical Orna- 
ments.' 

HARINGTON, Henry (1727-1816) : 
b. Kelston, Somerset, d. Bath; pub- 
lished glees, catches, etc. 

HARKKTESS. See Senkhah. 

HARMSTON, J. William (1823- 
1881) : b. London, d. Lubeck; teacher 
and composer. 

HARBilSCH, 0«0 Siegfried ([?]- 
1630): d. Celle; cantor at St. Blasius, 
Brunswick, 1588, at the Padagogium 
Gottingen, 1603, at Celle, 1621; pub. 
Neue lustige deutsche Liedlein zu 3 
Stimmen (1588), Fasciculus selectis- 
simariuin cantionnm (1592), Rosetum 
musicum (1617), Resarrectio Dominica 
(1622), Cantiones Gregorianae (1624), 
Lustige Deutsche Lteder (1651) ; author 
of Artis musicae delineatio (1608). 

HARPER (1) Thomas (1787-1853) : 



Hart 

b. Worcester, d. London, where he was 
first trumpeter at the Antient Concerts, 
Ital. Opera, etc.; famous as virtuoso 
on the trumpet. (2) Thomas, Jr. (1816- 
1898): trumpeter; son and successor 
of (1). (3) Charles, and (4) Edmund: 
sons of (1) ; horn players in London, 

HARRER, Gottlob (d. 1755, Leip- 
zig) : successor of J. S. Bach as cantor 
at St. Thomas; composed 24 sympho- 
nies, 24 partien, oboe trios, flute duets, 
piano sonatas, also several oratorios, 
passions, and psalms. 

HARRIERS-WIPPERN, Louise 

(nee Wippern) (1837-1878) : b. Hildes- 
heim, d. Silesia; celebrated opera singer 
at the Berlin Royal Opera. 

HARRIS (1) Thomas, organ builder, 
contracted to build an organ forWorces- 
ter Cathedral in 1666; probably emi- 
grated to France with his son. (2) 
RenS (Rcnatus), son of (1), the most 
celebrated of this family of English 
organ builders, in 1690 agreed to im- 
prove and enlarge the organ in Mag- 
dalen College, Oxford, built by his 
grandfather. He was a rival of Father 
Smith, whom he followed to England 
sometime after 1660. He built, ace. to 
Rimbault, 39 organs. Ref.: VI. 406. 
(3) Renatos, Jr., and John, organ 
builders in London (18th cent.). The 
latter worked with his son-in-law John 
Byfield, under the firm name, Harris & 
Byfleld. (4) [Sir] Augustus (1852- 
1896) : b. Paris, d. Folkestone, impre- 
sario. He made his d^but as an actor 
in the title role of Macbeth, at Man- 
chester, 1873, and was then engaged by 
Col. Mapleson as stage-manager. He 
leased the Drury Lane Th. in 1879 and 
prod, plays and pantomimes success- 
fully. He turned to Italian opera in 
1887, securing control first of Her Maj- 
esty's Theatre, then the Olympia, and 
various provincial stages. He also 
staged French and English operas suc- 
cessfully. Ref.: (quoted) IV. 146. 
(5) Clement Hugh Gilbert (1871- 
1897): b. Wimbledon; killed in battle 
at Pentepigadia, in the Greco-Turkish 
War; studied with Clara Schumann at 
the Hoch Cons., Frankfort; pianist; 
composer of a symphonic poem, 'Para- 
dise Lost,' a romance for clarinet, vio- 
lin and piano, a violin romance, con- 
cert studies, etc., for piano, and songs. (6) 
Charles K.: contemp. American writer 
of popular songs. Ref.: IV. 454. (7) 
Victor: contemp. American song writer. 
Ref.: IV. 355. 

HARRISoiv (1) Samuel (1760-1812) : 
b. Belper, Derbyshire, d. London; 
tenor. (2) William (1813-1868) : b. 
London, d. there; tenor. (3) Annie 
Portescue; wife of Lord Arthur Wil- 
liam Hill, composer of operetta, can- 
tata, songs, etc. (4) Julius: contemp. 
English organ composer. Ref. : VI. 495. 

HART (1) James (d. 1718) : chapel 
singer at York Minster, 1670. later at 
the Chapel Royal, London, pub. collec- 



204 



Harte 

tions of secular vocal works (choice 
ayres, songs, and dialogues), banquet 
of music, etc. (2) Philip (d. ca. 1749) : 
son of (1), organist at London cliurclies, 
pub. a collection of organ fugues and 
composed Milton's 'Morning Hymn' 
('Paradise Lost'). (3) John Thomas 
(1805-1874) : d. London; English violin 
maker. (4) George (1839-1891) : b. 
London, d. there; son of (3), author 
'The Violin, its Famous Makers, and 
their Imitators' (London, 1875, 2nd ed. 
1885), one of the most important works 
on violin making; also the 'Violin and 
its Music' (1881). He inherited his 
father's business, which is continued 
by GeoTse H. (1860- ) of the third 
generation, and which is celebrated for 
its fine imitations of Cremonese violins. 

HARTE, Bret. Ref.: IX. 495. 

HXRTEIi (1) See Breitkopf and 
Hahtel. (2) Gustav Adolf (1836- 
1876) : b. Leipzig, d. Homburg v. d. 
Hohe; violinist and composer. Kapell- 
meister at Bremen, Rostock and Bad 
Homburg. He wrote an opera, 3 oper- 
ettas, trio burlesque for 3 violins and 
piano, etc. (3) Benno (1846- ) : b. 
Silesia, pupil of Kiel, teacher of theory 
at Berlin Royal High School; composer. 

HARTKBR (10th cent.) : Benedictine 
monk at St. Gall; wrote the antiphony 
(Cod. 359 of the Foundation library of 
St. Gall), often named after him. 

HARTMANN (1) [Johan Peder] 
Emillus (1805-1900) : b. Copenhagen, d. 
there. He studied with his father, an 
organist at Copenhagen, whose assistant 
he became, and taught in the Copen- 
hagen Cons. He devoted himself chieily 
to operatic compositions, producing his 
first work Ravnen eller RroderproDen 
In 1832. This was followed by 'The 
Golden Horns' (1834), «The Corsairs' 
(1835) and Liden Kirsten (1846). Aside 
from these he pub. choral works with 
orchestration, as well as symphonies, 
overtures, violin concerto, piano pieces, 
song cycles. Incidental music to plays 
and ballets. After visiting Germany, 
France and Switzerland he became 
(1840) dir. of the Copenhagen Cons., 
and in 1849 Royal Kapellmeister. 
Upon the fiftieth anniversary of his mu- 
sical career, in 1874, a grand concert 
was given, a Hartmann scholarship 
founded, and the Danebrog order con- 
ferred on H., who later received the 
honorary degree of Ph. D. from Copen- 
hagen Univ. H.'s daughter married 
Niels W. Gade. Ref.: U. 347: III. 71f, 
73; X. 133, 151, 152, 163. (2) EniU 
(1836-1898): b. Copenhagen, d. there; 
son of (1) ; pupil of his father and 
Gade; organist in Copenhagen and 1891 
successor of Gade as conductor of the 
Copenhagen Musical Society. He com- 
posed 3 symphonies, an orchestral 
suite, Norse folk-dances (for orch.), 
several operas, a ballet, a violin con- 
certo, a piano concerto, a serenade for 
piano, 'cello and clarinet, etc. (3) liud- 
TCls C1836- ): b. Neuss; pupil of 



205 



Harty 

Leipzig Cons, and Liszt; pianist, com- 
poser and critic; wrote Wagneriana. 
(4) Eduard von (1842-1906) : b. Berlin, 
d. near there; philosopher and aesthetic 
theorist; author of Philosophie des 
Schonen (1887) and Deutsche Asthetik 
seit Kant (1886), in which musical 
aesthetics figure largely. He was also 
a musical amateur and composer of an 
opera. (5) Georges, French publisher. 
Ref.: III. 320. (61 Pater (Paul von An 
der Lan-Hochhrunn) (1863-1914) : b. 
Salurn; studied with Pembaur at Inns- 
bruck, entered the Franciscan order at 
Salzburg; organist of the Church of the 
Savior, Jerusalem, 1893, and at the Ca- 
thedral of the Holy Tomb, 1894; organ- 
ist at the Monastery of Aracocli, Rome, 
and organist and director of the Scuola 
Musicale Cooperativa, 1895; since 1906 
has lived in the Franciscan monastery 
of St. Anna in Munich; composer of 
the oratorios Petrus (1900), Franziskus 
(1902), Dos letzte Abendmahl (1904), 
Der Tod des Herrn (1905), Die letzten 
Worte Christi (1908), a Te Deum, 
masses, organ pieces, etc. 

HARTOG (1) Edouard de (1829- 
1909): b. Amsterdam, d. The Hague; 
composer of the comic operas Le 
marriage de Don Lope (1865) and 
L'amour monilli (1868), the 43rd 
Psalm for soli, chorus and orchestra, 
2 string quartets, a suite for string 
quartet, meditations for violin, organ 
and piano, songs, piano pieces, etc., 
several operas, orchestral sketches, etc., 
in MS.; collaborator on Pougin's sup- 
plement to Fetis' Biographie univer- 
selle. (2) Jacques (1837- ) : b. 
Zalt-Bommel, Holland; studied with 
Karl Wilhelm In Krefeld and Ferdi- 
nand Hiller in Cologne; teacher of the 
history of music at the Amsterdam 
Cons., 1886-1913; lecturer at the Univ. 
of Amsterdam, 1903; author of Bene 
Symphonie in woorden, Grootmeesters 
der Toonknnst (1904 et seq.) ; trans- 
lated Lebert and Stark's Klavierschule, 
Langhans' Musikgeschichte (1913), Bres- 
laur's Methodik des Klavierunterrichts, 
Richter's and Jadassohn's text-books on 
harmony, Plaidy's Technische Studien 
and Reinecke's Beethovens Klavier- 
sonaten; composed overtures, a con- 
certino for violin, songs, etc. 

HARTVIGSON (1) Frits (1841-) : 
b. Grenaa, Jutland; pupil of Gade and 
von Billow; court pianist to the Prin- 
cess of Wales, professor at the Insti- 
tute for the Blind and at the Crystal 
Palace, at the Royal Academy of Mu- 
sic, 1888, and at the Royal College 
of Music, 1905. (2) Anton (1845-1911) : 
b. Aarhus, d. Copenhagen; brother of 
(1); pupil of Tausig and Neupert; pi- 
anist and teacher in London and Co- 
penhagen. (3) Albert (1851- ) : b. 
Copenhagen; pupil of Riibner and 
Lambcke; composer of the opera Bryl- 
lup i Klosteret (1891), the operetta 
Sglvana, Erik Emnns dod, for soli, 
chorus and orchestra, etc. 

HARTY, Hamilton (1879- ): b. 



Harwood 

County Down, Ireland; composer; or- 
ganist in Magheracoll, Belfast and Dub- 
lin; studied with Esposito; composed 
an Irish Symphony, comedy overture, 
'Ode to the Nightingale' for soprano and 
orchestra, a violin concerto, a piano 
quartet and pieces for 'cello. 

HARWOOD, Basil (1859- ) : Eng- 
lish organist and composer; organist 
at St. Barnabas, Pimlico, Ely Cathedral, 
Christ Church, Oxford (1892-1909) ; ex- 
aminer for musical degrees, Oxford; 
composer of organ music, church serv- 
ices, anthems and psalms; Mus. Doc, 
Oxon. Ref.: VI. 494f. 

HASH, Oskar von. See Addenda; 
also Bheitkopf and Hartel. 

HASEIi, Johann Kmmerlcli (1828- 
1900) : b. Ofcn, d. Vienna ; studied in 
Vienna Conservatory; composed for 
stage and orchestra; wrote a harmony 
method. 

HiSER, August Ferdinand (1779- 
1844): b. Leipzig, d. Weimar; choral 
director at the court opera, Weimar, 
1817; director of church music and 
music teacher at the seminary there, 
1829; composed numerous church and 
orchestral works, piano pieces, songs, 
etc. ; author of Versuch einer sus- 
tematischen Vbersicht der Gesanglehre 
(1823), and a method of choral sing- 
ing (1831). 

HASKEI.1, (1) M. A. Ref.: (quoted) 
IV. 299. (2) C. S., contemp. American 
organ-builder. Ref.: VI. 408. (3) W. 
E., contemp. American organ-builder. 
Ref.: VI. 410. 

HASLBR, Hans lieo [von]. See 
Hassler. 

HASLINGER (1) Tobias (1787- 
1842): b. Zell, d. there; entered the 
music firm of Steiner as bookkeeper 
in 1810, and became Steiner's successor 
in 1826, continuing the business under 
his own name. (2) Karl (1816-1868) : 
son of (1) ; continued his father's busi- 
ness under the firm name of 'Karl Has- 
linger quondam Tobias.' It still ex- 
ists, but was bought by Schlesinger 
(Robert Lienau) of Berlin in 1875. 
Karl H. was also a prolific composer, 
especially for the piano. In earlier 
days the firm had Intimate relations 
with Beethoven. 

HASSE (1) Nilvolaus (17th cent.) : 
organist at Rostock ca. 1650, pub. 
Deliciae musicaey containing dance 
movements for strings, 'clavicimbel' or 
theorbo (1656; append. 1658). (2) 
Johann Adolpli (1699-1783) : b. Berge- 
dorf, near Hamburg, d. Venice; was 
the pupil of his father, a school-master 
and organist. He became tenor at the 
Hamburg Opera at 18, and in 1722 
went to the Brunswick theatre, where 
he prod, his first opera, Anttgonus 
(1723), with success. In 1724 he went 
to Italy to study with Porpora, but left 
him for A. Scarlatti. After writing a 
serenade for two voices, sung by Fari- 
nelli and Signora Tesi, he affirmed his 
success with an opera, II Sesostrate, 



206 



Hassler 

prod, in Naples 1726, soon followed by 
Attalo, re di Bitinia (Naples, 1728). 
He also became professor at the Scuola 
degl' Incurabili, Venice, and in 1730 
at Venice he married the celebrated 
singer Faustina Bordoni, for whom he 
composed the operas Dalisa and Arta- 
serse. In 1731 he was made Kapell- 
meister to August II and opera-dir. at 
Dresden, his wife being engaged as 
prima donna. Here they came into 
rivalry with Porpora and his pupil 
Regina Mingotti. H. visited Venice, 
Milan, and Naples, where he prod, 
several operas, also going to London, 
where he refused to contest Handel's 
position, and returned to Dresden in 
1739. There he and his wife were 
popular favorites until the siege of 
Dresden in 1760, when both of them 
were dismissed without pension, retir- 
ing to Vienna. He comp. several new 
operas to Metastasio's libretti, in suc- 
cessful rivalry with Gluck, and in his 
75th year (1744) prod, at Milan his last 
opera, Ruggiero, for the marriage of 
Archduke Ferdinand. His works in- 
clude over 100 operas; 10 oratorios; 
5 Te Deums, a Requiem; masses, mag- 
nificats, misereres, litanies, motets, 
psalms, cantatas, clavier-sonatas, flute- 
concertos, clavier-concertos, etc. A 
valuable collection of his MSS. is In the 
Dresden Library, but most of his works 
were destroyed during the siege of 
Dresden after being prepared for a 
complete edition by order of the King 
of Poland. Ref.: I. 416, 427; H. Sff, 
31; VII. 7, 43; IX. 33, 36, 41. (3) 
Faustina (nie Bordoni) (1693-1783) : 
b. Venice, d. there; wife of Johann 
Adolph; famous operatic mezzo-so- 
prano, pupil of Gasparini and Mar- 
cello; made her d^but in Pollarolo's 
Ariodante in 1716, and soon became 
famous as the 'New Syren.' She sang 
at Venice with Cuzzoni and Bernacchi 
in 1719, also at Naples and Florence 
(where a medal was struck in her 
honor) in 1722, and in Vienna in 1724. 
Here Handel engaged her for London, 
where during 1726-28 she out-rivalled 
Cuzzonij being acknowledged supreme 
in brilliance and finish of vocalization. 
After her marriage to Hasse (1729) her 
life was bound up in his and both died 
in the same year. Ref.: I. 416, 437; II. 
5fr. (4) Gustav (1834-1889): pupil of 
Leipzig Cons. ; teacher and composer of 
songs. (5) Max (1860- ) : b. near 
Weimar; music critic in Magdeburg; 
editor of P. Cornelius' complete works 
and writer of a monograph on Cor- 
nelius. 

HASSELBBCK, Rosa. See Suchek. 

HASSBLT-BARTH, Anna Maria 
Wilhelmine (1813-1881): b. Amster- 
dam, d. Mannheim; studied in Frank- 
fort, Carlsruhe and Florence ; debut 
1831 in Trieste, sang in Italian operas, 
in Munich and Vienna. 

HASSLER (or Hasler) (1) Hans 
Leo £von] (1564-1612) : b. Nuremberg, 



Hassler 

d. Frankfort. He studied with his fa- 
ther, town musician of Nuremberg, and 
Andrea Gabrieli in Venice (1584), being 
the first notable German composer who 
went to Italy for study. The influence 
of the Gabrlelis is apparent in his 
work. He was organist to Count Oc- 
tavianus Fugger at Augsburg, then 
court musician to Emperor Rudolf II 
(who ennobled him) in Prague, and 
died while on his way to accept an 
appointment at the court of the Elector 
of Saxony. H. is considered one of 
the founders of German music, one of 
the most famous organists and com- 
posers of his time. He wrote Can- 
zonette a 4 voci (1590) ; Cantiones 
sacrae for 4, 8 and more voices (1591, 
1597, 1607) ; Madrigali a 5-8 voci 
(1596), Newe teutsche Gesang nach Art 
der welschen Madrigalien und Can- 
zonetten (1596, 1604, 1609) ; Missae i-8 
vocum (1599) ; Lustgarten newer 
deatscher Gesang, Balletti, Galliarden 
und Intraden mit i-8 Stimmen (1601, 
1605, 1610) ; Sacri concentus, 5-i2 voe. 
(1601, 1612); Psalmen und christliche 
Gesange (a i, 'fugweis,' 1607) ; Kirchen- 
gesdnge, Psalmen und geistliche Lieder 
(a 4, 'simpliciter,' 1608, 1637) ; Litaney 
deutsch Herrn Dr. Martini Lutheri (a 
7, f. double chorus, 1619) ; Yenusgarten 
Oder neue lastige liebliche Tdntze 
teutscher und polnischer Art (1615) ; 
and motets pub. in contemp. collec- 
tions. Ref.: V. 162; VI. 421, 430. (2) 
Jakob (1566-1601) : b. Nuremberg, d. 
Hechingen[?], brother of Hans Leo (1), 
was organist to the Count of Hohen- 
zoUern-Herbingen ; famous virtuoso, and 
composer of much sacred music. (3) 
Kaspar (1570-1618) : b. Nuremberg, d. 
there; brother of (1) and (2); organist 
and editor of a collection of church 
music, Symphoniae sacrae (Nuremberg, 
1598-1600). 

HASSI/EIR (1) Johann 'WUbelm 
(1747-1822): b. Erfurt, d. Moscow; 
nephew and pupil of Kittel, organist 
at Erfurt from the age of 14 ; concertized 
as wandering journeyman (being a cap- 
maker by trade) , and founded a per- 
manent concert enterprise as well as a 
music shop in Erfurt. After travels in 
England, Russia, etc., he became im- 
perial conductor in St. Petersburg, 1790, 
and from 1794 taught in Moscow. He 
composed clavier pieces which show 
relation to the style of the Mannheim 
school, rather than to that of C. P. E: 
Bach, among them sonatas, concertos, 
rondos, fantasies, variations. He also 
wrote organ pieces and songs. His 
great D minor Gigue is best known of 
his works. Portrait, VI. 426. (2) 
Sophie, wife of (1), and her husband's 
successor in the management of the 
music business (1790-97), after which 
she followed him, and later taught in 
Erfurt. 

HASSL.INGER-HASSI1VGEN, Jo- 
bann (1892-1898): b. Vienna, d. there; 
published 2 operas, an oratorio, and 



207 



Haultin 

chamber music; he was also minister 
of foreign affairs in Vienna. He wrote 
under the pseudonym of Johannes 
Hager. 

HASTINGS, Thomas (1787-1872) : b. 
Washington, Litchfield Co., Conn., d. 
New York; musician, teacher, and writ- 
er; altogether self-taught. He was ed- 
itor of the Utlca (N. Y.) 'Recorder'; 
then became organizer of church-choirs 
and teacher of psalmody in New York. 
He wrote 'The History of Forty Choirs' 
(1854), and 'Dissertation on Musical 
Taste' (1822; 2nd ed. 1853), also hymn- 
tunes and anthems. 

HASTREITER, Helene (1858- ) : 
b. Louisville, Ky. ; studied with Lam- 
perti; operatic contralto in Italy; mar- 
ried Dr. Burgunzio and settled ifi 
Genoa. 

HATHERLY, Stephen Georgeson 
(1827- ) : organist in various Eng- 
lish towns, mus. dir. of the Greek 
church in Liverpool, taking orders in 
the Greek church at Constantinople 
and becoming protopresbyter 1875. He 
wrote a treatise on 'Byzantine Music' 
(1892), arranged Byzantine church mel- 
odies, pub. a Greek Service and gave 
lectures on Greek church music. 

HATTON (1) John Liptrot (1809- 
1886) : b. Liverpool, d. Margate (Kent) ; 
conductor at Drury Lane, 1842, where 
he produced an operetta 'The Queen of 
the Thames' in 1844, and later musical 
director at the Princess Theatre, Lon- 
don, for which he wrote incidental 
music. He prod, an opera, 'Pascal 
Bruno,' in Vienna, 1884, and 'Rose' 
('Love's Ransom') at Covent Garden; 
also a cantata 'Robin Hood' (1856), a 
biblical drama 'Hezekiah' (1877) and 
many songs, some pub. under the 
pseudonym Czapek. He visited America 
in 1848. (2) George Frederick, son 
of (1), became court pianist at Mein- 
ingen, 1881. 

HATTSTAEDT, Jobn James 
(1851- ): b. Monroe, Michigan; stud- 
ied music in Boston and Germany; 
taught piano in Detroit, St. Louis and 
Chicago before 1886, when he founded 
the American Conservatory of Music, 
Chicago, of which he is still president 
and director; writes and lectures on 
musical subjects. Ref.: IV. 254f. 

HAUFF, Johann Christian (1811- 
1891) : co-founder of the Frankfort 
Music School, composer and author of 
a Theorie der Tonsetzkunst (5 vols., 
1863). 

HATJPPE, L.ulse (1837-1882): b. 
Diiben, d. Leipzig; pianist, married 
Raymund Hartel, of the firm of 
Breitkopf & Hartel (q. v.). 

HAUK, Minnie (1852- ): b. New 
York; soprano; pupil of Strakosch; 
d^but in New York and London, sang 
at the Vienna Hofoper 2 years, then 
on various principal European operatic 
stages. 

HAULTIN, Pierre (d. 1580 in Paris) : 
the oldest French music-type founder. 



Hanpt 

His flrst fonts were made for Attaig- 
nant in 1525. 

HATJPT, Karl August (1810-1891) : 
b. Kuhnau, Silesia, d. Berlin; pupil of 
A. W. Bach, Klein, and Dehn; organist 
of various Berlin churches; famous for 
his fine improvisations in the style of 
J. S. Bach. He taught theory and or- 
gan-playing at the Konigliches Kirchen- 
muslk-Instltut, in Berlin, and in 1869 
he received the title of professor and 
became director of the musical section 
of the senate of the Akademie. He 
published part-songs, songs, and a 
Choralbuch (1869), and wrote many 
organ compositions. Ref.: VI. 460. 

HAUPTMAN (1) MoTitz (1792-1868): 
b. Dresden, d. Leipzig; pupil of Grosse 
in piano and harmony, Scholz in violin 
and Morlacehi in composition; later pu- 
pil and lifelong friend of Spohr. He 
became successively violinist in the 
Dresden court orch., music teacher to 
the family of Prince Repnin (with 
whom he stayed in Russia five years). 
Member of Spohr's court orch. at Cas- 
sel, and cantor at the Thomasschule 
and professor at the Cons, in Leipzig. 
Among his pupils were Ferd. David, 
Burgmiiller, Kiel, Joachim, Sullivan, 
Billow, Cowen, etc. His most valuable 
work was as theorist, having laid the 
scientific foundation of modern musical 
theory in his Die Natur der Harmonik 
und Metrik (1853, Eng. transl., 1888). 
He also wrote Erlduterungen zu J. S. 
Bachs Kanst der Fuge; Vber die Beant- 
wortung des Fugenthemas, and short 
essays in various periodicals, many of 
which were collected and pub. by his 
son as Opuscnla (1874). Die Lehre 
von der Harmonik appeared (edited by 
Oscar Paul) posthumously (1868), as 
well as 3 vols, of letters. He composed 
an opera, Uathilde (Cassel, 1826) ; also 
string quartets, duets and sonatas for 
violin, 2 masses, motets, part-songs, 
canons, duets, and songs. Ref. : VI. 
88. (2) Gerhart, poet. Ref.: IX. 423. 

HAUSCHKA, Vincenz (1766-1840) : 
b. Mies, Hohemia, d. Vienna; 'cellist 
and barytone player; pupil of his 
father, a school teacher, Zoger, and 
Christ. He was 'cellist to Count Jo- 
seph von Thun in Prague (1782) ; and 
made successful concert tours through 
Germany, He wrote numerous pieces 
for 'cello, barytone, etc. (MS.) and pub. 
9 sonatas for 'cello and bass, and a 
book of three-part vocal canons. 

HAUSB, Wenzel (19th cent.): cele- 
brated virtuoso on the double-bass, pro- 
fessor at Prague Cons.; pub. a double- 
bass method and exercises. 

HAUSBGGER (1) FriedTlcIi von 
(1837-1899) : b. St. Andra, d. Graz; Do- 
zent for musical history and theory 
at Graz University, 1872, and author of 
a notable work on musical aesthetics, 
Musik als Aasdruck (1885). He also 
wrote on 'Richard Wagner and Scho- 
penhauer,' on the beginnings of har 
mony, 'German Masters,' etc. (2) Sicg. 



Hawels 

mund von (1872- ) : b. Graz ; son 

and pupil of (1), also Degner and 
Pohllg. He prod, a mass in 1899, an 
opera, Helfrid, at Graz in 1893 and 
another, Zinnober, at the Munich court 
opera in 1888 (text by himself after 
E. T. A. Hoffmann). His 'Dionysian 
Fantasy' for full orchestra was brought 
out in Munich, 1899. He also wrote 
the symphonic poems Barbarossa, 1902, 
Wieland der Schmied (1904), a num- 
ber of mixed choruses "with orchestra, 
and men's choruses with orchestra, 
also a Natursgmphonie (1911). He was 
guest conductor of the opera at Graz, 
1896-97, conductor of the Kaim con- 
certs at Munich from 1899, of the 
Museum concerts at Frankfort, 1903- 
06, and of the Philharmonic concerts 
in Hamburg since 1910. He wrote 
Alexander Ritter, ein Bild seines Char- 
akters und SchaJTens (1907). Ref.: IH. 
270; VI. 357f; VIII. 414ff. 

HAUSER (1) Franz (1794-1870) : b. 
near Prague, d. Freiburg; highly es- 
teemed opera singer (baritone) at 
Prague, Cassel, Dresden, Vienna, Lon- 
don, Leipzig, Berlin and Breslau. After 
his retirement he taught singing at 
Vienna and became director of the 
Munich Conservatory, which he organ- 
ized in 1846. He "wrote a Gesanglehre 
(1866), and possessed an extraordi- 
narily complete collection of Bach's 
works, including many manuscripts. 
(2) Mlska (1822-1887) : b. Pressburg, 
d. Vienna; violin virtuoso who appeared 
all through Europe, North and South 
America, Australia, etc. He described 
his American travels in a book, Ans 
dem Wanderbuche eines SsteiTeichiseh- 
en Virtuosen (2 vols., 1858-59). 

HAUSMAIVN (1) Valentin, name of 
5 musicians in 5 succeeding generations 
of the same family. The flrst (b. 1484, 
Nuremberg) was a composer of cho- 
rales, friend of Luther and Johann Wal- 
ther; the second, organist at Gerbstadt, 
composed motets, canzonets, dances, 
etc.; the third was an organist at Lobe- 
jiin, whose son was court music direc- 
tor at Cothen, and whose grandson, Val- 
entin Bartholomaus (b. 1678), was 
cathedral organist at Merseburg and 
Halle, also organist and burgomaster 
at Lauchstadt. Both the last and his 
father are said to have been authors 
of theoretical tracts. (2) Robert (1852- 
1909) : b. Rottleberode, Harz Mts., d. 
Vienna; 'cellist; pupil of Theodor Miil- 
ler at the Berlin Hochschule (where he 
afterwards taught), and Piatti in Lon- 
don. He was 'cellist of the Hochberg 
quartet in Dresden, 1872-76, and of the 
Joachim quartet from 1879. Ref.: VII. 
451. (3) Victor: German composer of 
operas {Enoch Arden, Die Nazarener, 
Unter der Reichsfahne) (1906). 

HA.WD01V, niattliias ([?]-1787): d. 
Newcastle ; organist and composer there. 

HAWEIS, [Rev.] H. R. (1838-1901) : 
b. Egham, Surrey, d. London; musical 
dilettante; violinist and writer. 



208 



Hawes 

HA WES (1) William (1785-1846): 
b. London; choir master of St. Paul's, 
1817, Master of the children at the 
Chapel Royal, 1817, and later director 
of English Opera at the Lyceum, where 
he prod, for the first time in London 
Freischutz (1824), Cosl fan tutte (1824) 
and 'The Vampire' (1829). He also 
■wrote English comic operas, pub. glees, 
■ madrigals, etc., and pub. a new edition 
of Morley's 'Triumphs of Oriana,' etc. 
(2) Marie BUIlngton-H. (afterwards 
Mrs. Merest) (1816-86), daughter of (1) ; 
■was a well-known contralto. 

HAWKIIVS, [Sir] John (1719-1789): 
b. London, d. Westminster; musical his- 
torian. A lawyer by profession, he 
became an enthusiastic musical ama- 
teur, a member of various societies, 
and writer of cantata texts for John 
Stanley. After his marriage, which 
made him financially independent, he 
devoted himself to musical literature 
and was knighted in 1772. Among his 
writings are 'An Account of the Insti- 
tution and Progress of the Acad, of 
Ancient Music' (pub. anonymously, 
1772) ; 'General History of the Science 
and Practice of Music' (5 vols., 1776, 
containing 58 portraits of musicians; 
repub. by Novello, 2 vols, 1875), which 
was the result of 16 years' labor and 
upon which Burney drew for material 
for the last 3 vols, of his own history 
(Vol. I. being issued simultaneously 
with Hawkins' work). H., more pains- 
taking and conscientious than Burney, 
made his compilation more reliable as 
a work of reference, though Burney 
was a better musician. Ref.: (cited) 
VI. 419, 454. 

HA-WLE-r, Charles B. (1858-1915) : 
b. Brookfleld, Conn.; studied with 
Webb, Revarde, Buck and Mosenthal; 
singer (bass), organist and song com- 
poser in New York. Ref.: IV. 355- 

HAYDX (1) [Franz] Josef (1732- 
1809) : b. Rohrau-on-the-Leitha, Lower 
Austria, d. Vienna. His father, Mat- 
thias, a wheelwright, was sexton and 
organist of the village church, and a 
fine tenor singer. His mother, Maria 
Koller, who had been cook in the house- 
hold of Count Harrach, the lord of the 
village, sang in the village church 
choir, and of the twelve children, three 
became musicians. A cousin, Johann 
Matthias Frankh, choir leader and 
school rector at Hainburg, discovered 
Josef's talent at 5 and gave him ele- 
mentary instruction in singing, violin 
and other Instruments, besides teach- 
ing him Latin. Next, Georg Reutter en- 
gaged the boy as chorister for St. Ste- 
phen's, at Vienna, and undertook his 
further education, but largely neglected 
it. From the ages of 8 to 13 H. prac- 
tically taught himself, then wrote a 
mass, and managed to purchase for 
his further training Fux's Gradus ad 
PaTnassum and Mattheson's Volkom- 
mener Kapellmeister. When his voice 
changed in 1748 he was supplanted in 



209 



Haydn 

the choir by his brother Michael, and 
he was largely dependent on charity 
while studying composition and violin. 
Through Metastasio, the librettist, who 
lived in the same house, he became 
musical instructor in a Spanish fam- 
ily, the de Marlines, for their daughter 
Marianne, and through her he became 
acquainted with Porpora (her singing 
teacher), who taught him somewhat 
and secured him a stipend of 50 francs 
from the Venetian Ambassador. H. 
had composed 6 trios, sonatas and other 
pieces, a Mass in F, and a comic opera, 
Der neue krumme Teufel, prod, at the 
Stadttheater, 1752 (a satire on the lame 
baron Affligio, official director of the 
court opera, and suppressed, but after- 
wards given in Prague, Berlin and else- 
where), for which he received 24 ducats. 
The Countess Thun now engaged him 
as harpsichordist and singing-master, 
and Carl Josef von Fumberg patron- 
ized him by taking his first string quar- 
tet (1753) , followed by seventeen others 
within a year. In 1758 Count Ferdinand 
Maximilian Morzin made him Musik- 
direktor and Kammercompositeur at 
Lukavec, near Pilsen, and in 1759 he 
went to Eisenstadt, as second Kapell- 
meister to Prince Paul Anton Ester- 
hdzy, who had heard his first sym- 
phony in D. He succeeded Werner as 
first Kapellmeister upon the latter's 
death. In 1762 Prince Nikolaus Ester- 
hazy succeeded his deceased brother, 
and under him music and musicians 
were raised to a higher status. While 
in his service Haydn composed about 
30 symphonies, 40 quartets, diverti- 
menti, and a number of other chamber 
works, also several operas, for the two 
weekly operatic performances, two for- 
mal concerts and daily music ordered 
by the Prince. His fame spread and 
he became a national favorite, was 
elected member of the Modena Philhar- 
monic Society, received a gold medal 
from Prince Henry of Prussia (1784) 
and a diamond ring from King Fried- 
rich Wilhelm II (1787). He was asked 
to write an instrumental passion, 'The 
Seven Words on the Cross,' for the 
Cadiz cathedral. Prince Anton Ester- 
h4zy (Nikolaus' successor in 1790) in- 
creased his stipend of 1,000 florins by 
400, and he added to his income by the 
sale of his works. His time was now 
practically his own; he was virtually 
independent and settled in Vienna. 
Upon tempting offers he was induced 
to accompany Johann Peter Salomon to 
London in 1791. He remained eighteen 
months, fMed by royalty and the no- 
bility, and brilliantly successful with 
the public. Here he wrote the so-called 
Salomon symphonies, his finest orches- 
tral works. After going to Frankfort 
for the coronation of Emperor Franz 
II, to Vienna, and to his native place 
(where a monument was erected in his 
honor by Count Harrach, his mother's 
former employer), he revisited London, 



Haydn 

repeated his former triumphs and re- 
turned home at the invitation of a 
new Prince, to reorganize the Ester- 
hazy chapel. In 1797 he wrote the 
Austrian National Anthem, 'Gott erhalte 
Franz den Kaiser,' and his fame reached 
its zenith when he composed his two 
great oratorios in 1798 and 1801. 
Thenceforward, in failing health, he 
lived in retirement. At a special per- 
formance of the 'Creation' he appeared 
once more, but had to be carried out 
before the finish, friends and pupils, 
among them Beethoven, surrounding 
him to take leave. The shock of the 
bombardment of Vienna by the French 
hastened the master's end. Haydn's mar- 
riage, which had taken place in 1760, 
while he was at Eisenstadt, proved un- 
fortunate, his wife being extravagant 
and of evil temper. H., the eldest of 
the three great German 'classics,' is 
frequently called the father of the sym- 
phony and the string quartet, and in 
the best though not accurate sense he 
is. He developed all the classic instru- 
mental forms and in the oratorio field 
rivals even Handel. His works, which 
place him in the front rank of the 
world's great masters, are of an as- 
tounding number, and may be sum- 
marized as follows: Orchestral: 104 
symphonies (Incl. overtures, dlverti- 
menti, cassations, sextets, etc.), 'The 
Seven Words on the Cross' (1785; re- 
arranged later as a quartet and again 
[by M. Haydn] as an oratorio) ; 9 violin 
concertos, 6 'cello concertos, 16 con- 
certos for other instruments (lyre, bary- 
tone, double-bass, flute, horn). Cham- 
ber music: 77 string quartets, 32 trios 
for strings and other instrumental com- 
binations, 175 pieces for barytone, 4 
violin sonatas, 6 duets for violin and 
viola, 7 nocturnes for lyre, and numer- 
ous small pieces. For harpsichord or 
piano: 20 concertos, 38 piano trios (35 
with violin and 'cello, 3 with flute and 
'cello), 53 sonatas and divertimenti, 4 
sonatas with violin, 9 minor pieces. 
Dramatic works: Der neae krumme 
Teufel; La vera costanza (written 1776 
for the Vienna Hoftheater, but prod, as 
Laurette in Paris, 1791) ; Lo Speciale, 
1-act comic opera (Esterh&z, 1768) ; re- 
vived as Der Apotheker at Dresden Hof- 
theater (1895) ; 3 other Ital. opere buffe, 
4 Italian comedies and 5 marionette- 
operas ; Orfeo (unfinished) ; music to 
several plays; 22 detached arias. Vocal: 
3 oratorios ('The Creation,' 'The Sea- 
sons,' II ritorno di Tobia), 14 masses, 
2 Te Deums, a Stabat Mater, 13 offer- 
tories, cantatas, motets, arias, etc., a 
cantata for solo voice and piano, Ariana 
a Naxos; a cantata for vocal solo and 
barytone, Deutschlands Klage auf den 
Tod Friedrichs des Grossen; The 10 
Commandments in canon-form, 36 Ger- 
man songs, 12 canzonets, the Austrian 
National Hymn; other songs, collections 
of Scotch and Welsh folk-songs; vocal 
duets, trios, etc. Ref.: For life and 



Haym 

work see II. SSff; (rel. to Mozart) II. 
105ff; (rel. to Beethoven) II. 138; for 
songs, V. 177f; for choral works; VI. 
130f, 258ff; for piano compositions, 
135ff; string quartets, 491ff; sympho- 
nies, VHl. 147ff; opera, IX. 112, 119; 
mus. ex., XIII. 170, 171, 175, 291; por- 
traits, II. 92; VII. 488. (2) Johann 
Michael (1737-1806) : b. Rohrau, d. 
Salzburg; brother of Josef (1) ; com- 
poser and organist. As a boy he 
had a remarkable soprano voice, three 
octaves in compass, and he replaced his 
brother Josef as chorister at St. Ste- 
phen's, Vienna, in 1745. He studied vio- 
lin and organ, became assistant organ- 
ist, and in 1757 Kapellmeister at Gross- 
wardein. He was concert-master and 
director at Salzburg to Archbishop Sig- 
ismund, 1762, and organist of the Ca- 
thedral and St. Peter's church there in 
1777. During the French occupation of 
Salzburg in 1800 he lost his property, 
but was assisted by his brother and 
friends, also the Empress Maria Ther- 
esa, who commissioned him to com- 
pose a mass, in which she sang the 
soprano solos. Having established a 
school of composition, he taught, among 
other pupils of distinction, Beicha and 
Weber, and wrote a number of thor- 
ough-bass exercises for his pupils, later 
(1833) pub. as Partitur Fragmente by 
Martin Bischofsreiter, a Benedictine 
monk. H. composed a mass and ves- 
pers for Prince Esterhdzy, who twice 
offered to make him Vice-Kapellmeister 
of his chapel. His brother Josef ranked 
his church compositions above his own. 
Chary of publication, he declined fre- 
quent offers made by publishers, but 
left no less than 360 church composi- 
tions, including oratorios, masses, can- 
tatas, 2 Requiems, graduals, etc.; also 
operas, operettas, 4-part songs, solo 
songs, and canons in 4 and 5 parts. 
His instrumental works include 30. sym- 
phonies, 1 sextet, 3 quintets, serenades, 
marches, 12 orchestral minuets, a vio- 
lin concerto, 50 short organ pieces, etc. 
Ref.: II. 73ff, 102; VII. 499; VIII. 169. 

HAYES (1) .William (1707-1777): 
b. Hexham, d. Oxford; organist of 
Shrewsbury, Worcester Cathedral, and 
Magdalen College, Oxford; professor 
of music at Oxford; Mus. D., 1749. He 
composed psalms, glees, catches, etc.; 
wrote 'Remarks on Mr. Avlson's Essay 
on Musical Expression' (1753) and 'An- 
ecdotes of the Five Music Meetings' 
(1768) ; was co-editor of Boyce's 'Ca- 
thedral Music.' (2) Philip (1738-97): 
b. Oxford, d. London; member of the 
Chapel Royal, 1767; successor of his 
father (1) as organist and professor at 
Oxford; composer of anthems, psalms, 
an oratorio, an Ode to St. (Cecilia, a 
masque; editor of a collection of church 
music; Mus. D., 1777. 

HAYM (1) (also Heyne, Hennlns) 
Gilles (d. 1650, Lifege) ; chapel canon of 
St. John's, Lifege; intendant of court 
music to the Duke of Ffalz-Neuburg. 



210 



Haynes 

He wrote a great number of masses, 
motets, hymns, etc. (2) (also Almo) 
NlccoIO Francesco (1679-1729) : b. 
Rome, d. London. He was of German 
parentage; went to London, 1704, and 
there introduced Italian opera in con- 
junction with Clayton and Dieupart. 
He prod, his operas, Camilla, 1706, and 
Etearco, 1711, and arranged those of 
other composers. Under his regime op- 
era was sung in polyglot style, partly 
English, partly Italian. The advent of 
Handel caused the failure of his enter- 
prise and later he joined his rival, for 
whom he wrote librettos. He also pub. 
2 books of sonatas for violin and bass. 

HAYNES, Viralter B. (1859- ) : b. 
Kempsey, Eng. ; studied in Leipzig 
Conservatory; church organist and pro- 
fessor of the London Royal Academy 
of Music. 

BAYS.WllUamSIiakespeaTe (1837-) : 
b. Louisville, Ky.; composer of about 
300 popular songs. 

HAYTER, Arthur Upjobn (1833- 
1909): b. Hrooklyn; organist. 

HEAP, Charles Swinnerton (1847- 
1900) : b. Birmingham, d. there; studied 
at the Leipzig Cons, under Moscheles 
and Reinecke, as beneficiary of the Lon- 
don Mendelssohn foundation, also under 
Best at Liverpool; conductor and pian- 
ist at Birmingham from 1868, Mus. D., 
Cambridge, 1870. He composed cham- 
ber music, overtures, organ pieces, 
songs, cantatas, anthems, etc. 

HEBENSTREIT, Pantaleon (1669- 
1750): b. Elsleben, d. in Dresden; 
violinist. He was a dancing-master at 
Leipzig, but went to Merseburg to es- 
cape his creditors. Here, upon sugges- 
tions to improve the dulcimer, he in- 
vented the instrument which was to be- 
come a precursor of the piano. Louis 
XTV named it the 'Pantalon,' after its 
originator's name, who played it on 
concert tours with brilliant success. 
He became Kapellmeister and dancing- 
master to the court at Eisenach in 1706 
and pantalon chamber musician at the 
Dresden court in 1714. Ref.: VIII. 138. 

HECHT (1) Eduard (1832-1887) : b. 
Diirkheim, d. Didsbury, near Manches- 
ter; pianist, studied at Frankfort; for 
many years choral conductor in Man- 
chester and Bradford ; professor of har- 
mony at Owen's College from 1875. (2) 
Gnstav (1851- ): b. Quedlinburg; 
studied at the Royal Institute for 
Church Music, and with Kiel and Sle- 
ber; music teacher in the Seminary of 
Cammin, 1874-1902, at Koslin since 
1902; composer of choral works with 
and without orchestra, songs, violin 
music, etc. ; edited the ofTicial chorale 
book for Pomerania; author of Prak- 
tische Ergebnisse der Harmonielehre 
(1898) and Aufgabenbuch zut Har- 
monielehre. 

HECKEIi (1) 'Wolf: publisher of a 
'Lute Book' at Strassburg, 1562, which 
constitutes one of the most interesting 
examples of early lute music. (2) 



211 



Hegar 

Emll (1831-1908) : b. Mannheim, d. 
there; at first partner then head of 
the music and pianoforte house founded 
by his father K. Ferd. H.; was largely 
instrumental in the establishment of 
the Bayreuth festivals, and head of the 
Wagner societies from their inception. 
He was also instrumental in making 
known the works of Hugo Wolf, con- 
cerning whom his son, Karl H., wrote 
a book, Hugo Wolf in setnem Ver- 
haltnis zu R. Wagner (1905). (3) 
Johann Adam (d. 1877) : founder of 
a wind instrument factory in Bie- 
brich-on-Rhine ; with the clarinettist 
Almenrader made experiments to im- 
prove clarinets and bassoons (1824-35), 
continued by his son Wilhelm, who 
constructed the baritone oboe (Heckel- 
phone) in 1905, contra-bassoon reaching 
down to A (1909), Heckelphone clari- 
nets (cylindrical bore) and the contra- 
bass clarinet. 

HECKSCHER, Celeste: contemp. 
American composer. Ref.: IV. 404. 

HEDOUIJT, Pierre (1789-1868) : b. 
Boulogne; author of a great number of 
opera librettos, song texts, etc., collab- 
orator on various musical journals, 
composer of romances and writer on 
Monsigny (1821), Gossec, Gretry, Lesu- 
eur, Meyerbeer, Paganini, Gluck, etc. 

HEERINGEN, Ernst von (1810- 
1855) : b. near Sondershausen, d. Wash- 
ington; attempted a reform of musical 
notation which involved the abolition 
of sharps and flats and the substitu- 
tion of white notes and black notes to 
distinguish basic and derived tones, 
also simplification of time indications, 
clefs, etc. (1850). The miscarriage of 
his plans drove him to America. 

HEERMANJV, Huso (1844- ) : b. 
Heilbronn; studied at Brussels Cons., 
under Meerts, de B^riot and Fitis, also 
in Paris. He concertized successfully 
as violin virtuoso, became concert-mas- 
ter at Frankfort, 1865, and head of the 
violin department of the Hoch Cons., 
1878. In 1904 he founded a violin 
school of his own, and three years later 
went to Chicago, whence he returned to 
Germany in 1910. He edited BSriot's 
'Violin School' (1896) and was for a 
time leader of the Frankfort string 
quartet. 

HEGAR (1) Friedrich (1841- ) : 
b. Basle; concert master in Leipzig and 
later in Ziirich, conductor of the sub- 
scription concerts there and from 1868 
conductor of the Tonhallenorchester. 
Later he was conductor of choruses at 
Zurich, and since 1876 director of the 
music school there. He composed an 
oratorio, Manasse, and other choral 
works, also a violin concerto, etc. (2) 
Emil (1843- ) : b. Basle ; brother of 
(1) ; first 'cellist of the Gewandhaus 
orchestra and teacher of 'cello at the 
Leipzig Cons. Later he became a con- 
cert baritone and teacher of singing at 
the Basle music school, also conductor 
of a choral society. 



Hegner 

HBGNER (1) Anton (1861-1916): 
b. Copenhagen, d. New York; studied at 
the Copenhagen Cons.; solo 'cellist of 
Philharmonic orch. there; gave con- 
certs in Germany and United States; 
composed 'cello and orchestral pieces 
of semi-popular character. (2) Otto 
(1876-1907) : b. Basle, d. Hamburg; pian- 
ist; pupil of Huber, d' Albert, etc.; ap- 
peared in Germany and America; com- 
posed piano pieces. (3) Anna (1881-) : 
sister of Otto (2) ; -violin teacher at the 
Hoch Cons., Frankfort. 

HEGYESI, Louis (1853-1894) : b. Ar- 
pad, Hungary, d. Cologne; 'cellist in 
the Florentine Quartet; teacher at the 
Cologne Conser^'atory. 

HEGYI, Beta: contemporary Hun- 
garian composer of operettas, 

HEIDE, von der. See VoN deb 
Heide. 

HEIDEGGER. Ref.: I. 437. 

HEIDINGSFEL.D, liUdTFlg (1854-) : 
b. Jauer; studied at the Stern Cons., 
Musikdirektor at Glogau, 1874, Lieg- 
nitz, 1884; teacher at the Stem Cons., 
conductor of the Danzig Gesangverein 
( Singakademie) , 1896; inaugurated or- 
chestral concert in Danzig, 1896-97; 
conducted some male choral societies 
there, 1897-98, founded a Cons., 1899; 
composer of the operettas Der Nene 
Dirigent (1907) and Alte Burschenherr- 
lichkeit (1911), orchestral works, piano 
pieces, songs, etc, 

HEIDRICH, Maximilian (1864- 
1909) : b. Deutsch-Paulsdorf, d. Dres- 
den; studied at the Dresden Cons., and 
with Gade; composed operas, sacred 
and secular vocal works, chamber mu- 
sic, organ and piano music. 

HEIGHTINGTOPT, Musgrave (1680- 
1774) : d. Dundee; organist and com- 
poser. 

HEIIV, Karl (1864- ): b. Rends- 
burg; studied at the Hamburg Cons.; 
'cellist in the Hamburg Philharmonic 
Orchestra, 1885-90, then teacher at the 
German Cons, in New York, of which 
he has been co-director with August 
Fraemcke since 1903, 

HEINE, Heinrlcli: German poet, 
whose lyrics have inspired virtually 
all romantic composers as well as many 
of the modem schools. Ref. : II. 224, 249, 
288f; V. 224f, 233ff, 248f ; VII. 134; VIII, 
287; IX. 158, 172, 188; portrait, V. 200. 

HEINEPETTER (1) Salbine (1809- 
72): b, Mayence, d, lUenau; opera 
singer; 'discovered' as harp girl and 
made her debut at Frankfort, 1825. Later 
she appeared with great success in 
Paris, Berlin, Dresden and on tours, (2) 
Clara (married name Stockel) (1816- 
1857) ; sister of (1), singer, (3) Kathin- 
ka (1820-1858): sister of (1) and (2); 
appeared as singer in Paris and Brussels. 

HEINEAIEYER <1) Christian (1796- 
1872): b. Celle, d. Hanover; flute vir- 
tuoso; member of the Hanover Hof- 
kapelle ; toured in Germany and Russia. 
(2) Ernst Wlllielm (1827-1869) : b. 
Hanover, d. Vienna; flutist in the Han- 



212 



Hekklng 

over Hofkapelle with his father (1) ; 
first flutist of the Imperial Orchestra, 
St, Petersburg; later lived in Vienna, 
and wrote concertos and solo pieces 
for flute. 

HEINICHEN, Johann Da-rld (1683- 
1729) : b. Krossuln, near Weissenfels, 
d. Dresden; studied music at the Thom- 
asschule, Leipzig; lived for many years 
in Italy; for some time Kapellmeister 
to Augustus the Strong of Saxony; com- 
posed 7 masses, 2 Requiems, 6 sere- 
nades, 57 cantatas, 11 concertos, 3 op- 
eras, a suite for orchestra, etc.; au- 
thor of Der Generalbass in der Kom- 
position, etc. (2nd ed., 1728), 

HEINK, Ernestine. See SCHVMANN- 
Heink. 

HEINRICH XXIV. See Reuss- 

KOSTRITZ. 

HEINRICH (1) Anton Phllipp 

(1781-1861): b, Bohemia, d. New York; 
composer of songs and inst, pieces. (2) 
Joliann Georg (1807-1882) : b. Steins- 
dorf, d. Sorau; organist. Royal Musik- 
direktor; wrote a valuable organ 
method (1861), etc. (3) Max (1853-) : 
b. Chemnitz; studied with Klitsch in 
Zwickau and at the Dresden Cons.; 
concert singer; teacher of singing in 
Philadelphia, Alabama, London, Chi- 
cago, Boston, and New York; composed 
songs, music to Poe's 'Raven,' etc, 

HEINTZ, Albert (1822-1911): b. 
Eberswalde, d, Berlin; wrote analyses 
on Wagnerian music dramas, also two- 
and four-hand paraphrases of Wag- 
nerian themes; organist of the Petri- 
kirche, Berlin. 

HEINZE (1) Gnstav Adolf (1820- 
1904) : b. Leipzig, d. near Amsterdam, 
Like his father he was clarinettist in 
the Gewandhaus Orchestra, Leipzig, but 
also toured as clarinet virtuoso, became 
second Kapellmeister at the Breslau 
Stadttheater and there prod, 2 operas. 
He became conductor of German opera 
at Amsterdam, conductor of choral so- 
cieties there and wrote oratorios, 
masses, cantatas, etc. (2) Sarab {nie 
Magnus) (1836-1901): b. Stockholm, d. 
Dresden; wife of the music publisher 
Gustav H. ; pianist. Her daughter, 
Helene H,, wrote on piano technique. 

HEISB, Peter Arnold (1830-1879) : 
b. Copenhagen, d. Stokkerup; studied 
at Leipzig Conservatory; teacher at 
Soro and Copenhagen; wrote songs and 
a ballad; produced two successful op- 
eras. Ref.: UI. 73. 

HEISER, Wilhelm (1816-97): b. 
Berlin, d. near there ; opera singer, band 
master, and singing teacher, whose 
songs achieved considerable popularity. 

HBITER, Amalie. See Amalia. 

HEKKING, Anton (1856- ) : b. 
The Hague; 'cellist; studied in The 
Hague and at Paris Cons, (under Chev- 
illard and Jacquard) ; toured with Mme. 
Essipoff; became solo 'cellist of the 
Bilse orch., then Philharmonic, Berlin; 
toured Europe with Ysaye, America 
alone and established popular trio 



Helen Pavlovna 

soirees in Berlin with A. Schnabel and 
A. Wittenberg (piano and violin, resp.). 

HELEN PAVLOVNA, Grand Duch- 
ess of Russia, born as Princess of 
Wiirttemberg (d. 1873) ; founded the 
Imperial Russian Musical Society in 
1859 with Anton Rubinstein and others; 
in 1858 opened music classes in her 
palace, which developed into the St. 
Petersburg Conservatory in 1862. An 
opera prize offered in her honor after 
her death was won by Tscbaikowsky. 
She stood in close personal relation to 
Rubinstein, who dedicated his G minor 
symphony to her. Ref.: III. 49. 

HELGAIRE, 9th cent, historian. 
Ref.: (quoted) I. 189. 

HBIjIOGABAIiTJS, Roman Emperor 
219-222 A. D. Ref.: VI. 399. 

HELLER, Stephen (1815-1888) : b. 
Pesth, d. Paris. He was educated attlie 
College of the Piarists and received 
piano lessons from F. Brauer, playing 
in public at the age of 9 with such suc- 
cess that he was sent to Vienna to study 
with Czerny, becoming, however, the 
pupil of Anton Halm. Later he studied 
harmony with Czibulka. He began giv- 
ing concerts in Vienna in 1827 and 
toured Hungary, Poland, and Germany, 
1829-32. After an illness he was 
adopted by a wealthy family at Augs- 
burg and was thus enabled to pursue 
further study, also that of compo- 
sition. In 1838 he went to Paris and 
became the friend of Liszt, Chopin, 
Berlioz, and others, gaining a great rep- 
utation as pianist and teacher. He be- 
gan composing in Augsburg and his ilrst 
works having been commended by Schu- 
mann, he became more widely known. 
In 1849 he visited London, where his 
playing was greatly admired, and in 
1862 he again played at the Crystal 
Palace with Halli. His over 150 works 
include Characteristic pieces (Traum- 
bilder, op. 79; Promenades d'un so- 
litaire, op. 78, 80, 89; Nnits blanches 
(Blumen-, Frucht-, und Dornenstilcke), 
op. 82; Dons les bois, op. 86, 128, 136; 
Eglogues, op. 92; 3 Bergeries, op. 106; 
Voyage autour de ma chambre, op. 140; 
Tablettes d'un solitaire, op. 153; 
Herbstbldtter, op. 109; BalletstUcke, op. 
Ill; 3 Ballades, op. 115; 3 Preludes, 
op. 117; Tarentelles, op. 53, 61, 85, 137, 
etc.) ; fitudes (graded, op. 125, 47, 46, 
45, 90, 16) ; 4 sonatas, 3 sonatinas, 
waltzes, Landler, mazurkas, scherzl, 
caprices, nocturnes. Songs "without 
Words, variations, other ballades. Ref.: 
IL 322; III. 17; VII. 321; VIIL 275. 

HELIilNCK [Johannes] Lnpns 
(frequently designated as Lupus or 
Lnpl): 16th-cent. Netherland composer. 
There is considerable confusion con- 
cerning his period and location. Prob- 
ably two of the same name lived at 
the same period, one of whom died at 
Bruges, 1541, while the other was still 
living in 1562 as chapel master of 
Cambrai Cathedral. Of the latter a 
book of 4- to 8-part motets was pub., 

213 



Helniholtz 

1542. The name is also connected with 
various masses, motets, and chansons 
in different collections. 

HELLMESBERGER (1) Georg 
(1800-1873) : b. Vienna, d. Neuwaldegg, 
near Vienna; famous violin pedagogue. 
He was Schubert's successor as so- 
prano chorister in the Imperial chapel; 
and a pupil of Bohm (in violin) and 
of E. Forster (in composition) at the 
Cons,, where he became assistant 
teacher in 1821, titular professor in 
1825, and professor in 1833. He also 
toured Austria, Hungary and Bohemia 
successfully and succeeded Schuppan- 
zigh as conductor of the Imperial Op- 
era in 1830. Among his pupils were 
Ernst, Hauser, Joachim, and his own 
sons, Georg (2) and Josef (4). He wrote 
a string quartet, 2 concertos, variations, 
and solo pieces for violin. Ref.: VII. 
445. (2) Georg, Jr. (1830-1852): b. 
Vienna, d. Hanover; son of Georg (1) ; 
was a pupil of his father, and in com- 
position of Rotter. He toured through 
Germany and England with success and 
became concert-master of the Hanover 
Royal orch. He wrote 2 operas (prod.) 
and symphonies, etc. (in MS.). (3) 
Rosa, daughter of Georg, Jr. (2) : 
Finger, who made her ddbut at the 
Vienna Hofoper in 1883. (4) Josepb 
(1828-1893) : b. Vienna, d. there; artistic 
director of the Vienna Society of the 
Friends of Music; from 1859 only di- 
rector of the Conservatory, where he 
was also professor of violin, besides 
holding the post of concert-master at 
the Imperial Opera and from 1877 that 
of court Kapellmeister. From 1849 he 
led a string quartet. (5) Joseph, Jr. 
(1855-1907): b. Vienna, d. there; 2nd 
violin of his father's quartet; solo 
violinist of the court orchestra, and 
violin professor at the Cons, from 1878. 
After occupying intermediary positions, 
he became first court Kapellmeister in 
1900, later occupying a similar posi- 
tion at Stuttgart (1904-5). He wrote 6 
operettas, 6 ballets, and other stage 
pieces. (6) Ferdinand (1863- ) : b. 
Vienna; brother of (4) ; 'cellist in the 
court orchestra and his father's quar- 
tet, also teacher at the Cons, and from 
1886 solo 'cellist of the court opera. 

HELLOXriN, Frederic (1864- ) : 

b. Paris; studied with Massenet at the 
Conservatoire; since 1902 on musical 
faculty of the ficole des hautes etudes 
sociales; author of Feuillets d'his- 
toire musicale franfaise (1902), Gossec 
et la musique franfaise d la fin da 
XVIW Steele (1903), Essai de la critique 
musicale (1905) and Le Noel musical 
franfais (1906). 

HELm, Theodor Otto (1843- ) : 
b. Vienna; music critic of the Vienna 
Fremdenblatt, the Pester Lloyd and 
from 1885 the Deutsche Zeitung. He 
also taught musical history and aes- 
thetics, and wrote analyses of Beet- 
hoven's quartets, etc. 

HELMHOLTZ, HeTmanu Iindwlg 



Helsted 

Ferdinand (1821-1894) : b. Potsdam, d. 
Charlottenburg, physicist; physiologist 
and "writer on acoustics ; studied medi- 
cine in the Military Institute of Ber- 
lin, became military surgeon at Pots- 
dam; then teacher of anatomy (for art- 
ists) at the Academy of Fine Arts; 
professor of physiology at Konigsberg 
Univ., Bonn and Heidelberg, and of 
physics at Berlin in 1871. He wrote 
a number of scientific treatises which 
enjoy world-wide fame, among them 
Lehre von den Tonempftndungen als 
phgsiologische Grundlage fiir die 
Theorie der Musik (Brimswick, 1863), 
translated into English as *Sensations 
of Tone as a Physiological Basis for 
the Theory of Music' This work sup- 
plements and completes the theories of 
Rameau, Tartini, Wheatsone, Corti and 
others, establishing a definite physical 
basis for all the phenomena of musical 
sounds, singly or in combinations. It 
furnishes incontestable formulae for all 
classes of consonant and dissonant tone- 
effects, and proves *with scientific pre- 
cision what Hauptmann and his school 
sought to establish by laborious dia- 
lectic processes' (Baker). Among the 
results achieved by H.'s experiments are 
the laws governing the differences in 
timbre (tone color or quality) in dif- 
ferent instruments and voices ; the 
physiology of the major triad; the na- 
ture and limits of musical perception 
by the human ear, a theory of the in- 
herent pitch of different vowels (in 
singing) and the discovery of a series 
of sound colors corresponding to those 
of the solar spectrum. He also ana- 
lysed scientifically the scales of various 
exotic nations. Ref. : V. 16, 580. 

HELSTED (1) Eduard (1816-1900) : 
violinist, teacher at the Cons, and com- 
poser of ballets and other stage works. 
(2) Karl Adolph (1818-1904): b. Co- 
penhagen, d. there; flute teacher at 
Cons., composer of symphonies, cham- 
ber music, and choral works. (3) 
Gustav (1857- ) : b. Copenhagen, 
son of (2), pupil of Gade, Hartmann, 
etc., composer of a symphony, piano 
pieces, songs, etc. 

HBMPEL., Frieda (1885- ) : b. 
Leipzig, operatic soprano, pupil of 
Mme. Kempner at Stern Cons. She 
made her debut at the Berlin Royal 
Opera in 1905, toured Europe and 
joined the Met. Opera Co., New York, 
in 1912, where she sings leading colora- 
tura roles as well as leading parts lu 
operas of Wagner, R. Strauss, etc. Ptef.: 
rv. 155. 

HEMPSOX (Hampson), Denis 
(1695-1807) : b. Cralchmore, d. Magllli- 
gan at the age of 112; one of the last 
Irish bards; is said to have sung the 
old melodies in their original form 
and to have played the harp in the 
old manner (with long finger nails) 
with great virtuosity. 

HENDERSON, William James 
(1855- ) : b. Newark, N. J., critic; 



Henrid 

chiefly self-taught in music; composer 
of some light operas. He became music 
critic of the New York 'Times' in 1887, 
of the New York 'Sun' in 1902; and has 
lectured at the N. Y. Coll. of Music and 
the Inst, of Musical Art (N. Y.). He 
pub. 'The Story of Music' (1889) , 'Prel- 
udes and Studies' (1891), 'What Is Good 
Music?' (1898), 'How Music Developed' 
(1899), 'The Orchestra and Orchestral 
Music' (1899) ; 'Richard Wagner, His 
Life and His Dramas' (1901), 'Modern 
Musical Drift' (1904), 'The Art of the 
Singer' (1906), 'Some Forerunners of 
Italian Opera' (1911), also poems, fic- 
tion, etc. Ref.: (citations, etc.) I. 326; 
II. 276, 282; IV. 144, 186; V. 207f; VIII. 
479; IX. 3. 

HENDRICKS, Francis; contemp. 
American composer. Ref.: IV. 442. 

HENIUS, Josepb (d. 1912) : pupil of 
Dvorak; American composer of cham- 
ber music, comic opera and songs. Ref. : 
IV. 393. 

HENKEL (1) michael (1780-1851): 
b. Fulda, d. there; cantor, court musi- 
cian and composer of church works, 
organ pieces, etc.; edited a Choralbuch 
(1804). (2) Geors Andreas (1805- 
1871) : son of (1) ; composed church 
music, overtures, marches, etc. (3) 
Heinrieh (1822-1899) : b. Fulda, d. 
Frankfort; pianist; teacher at Frank- 
fort; co-founder of the Music School 
there; pub. piano pieces, songs and tech- 
nical studies for piano, also other 
pedagogical works. (4) Karl, son of 
(3); violin teacher in London; pub. 
finger exercises for violin. 

HENNEBERG, Jehann Baptist 
(1768-1822): b. Vienna, d. there; organ- 
ist at the Schottenstift; conductor of 
the Theater an der Wieden ; later Im- 
perial court chapel organist; composed 
Singspiele and church music. 

HENNIG (1) Karl (1819-1873); b. 
Berlin, d. there; organist and composer 
of cantatas, psalms, songs, male quar- 
tets, etc. (2) Karl (1845- ) : b. Ber- 
lin, pupil of Richter and Kiel; teacher 
and organist in Berlin and Posen where 
he founded a choral society. He wrote 
several books on vocal method, musical 
aesthetics, piano teaching, theory, etc., 
and composed a cantata, songs, cho- 
ruses, etc. 

HENNING, Carl Wilhelm (1784- 
1867) : b. ols, d. Berlin; violinist; stud- 
ied with Rode and others; violinist in 
the orchestra of the Royal Opera and 
later concert-master; musical director 
at the Royal Municipal Theatre, 1823- 
26, at the Opera, 1836, and Kapellmeis- 
ter, 1841-48; composed the opera Die 
Rosenmddchen, ballets, cantatas. Inci- 
dental music, etc. 

HENNIUS. See Haym. 

HENRI IV, King of France. Ref.: 
X. 86. 

HENRICI, Christian Friedrich 
(pseud. Ficander) (1700-1764) : b. 
Stolpen, Saxony, d. Leipzig; an official 
who wrote poetry in his leisure hours; 



214 



Henrietta Maria 

Important to musical history as the 
perfector of the choral cantata text in 
■which the middle strophes are re- 
composed as arias and recitatives, while 
the beginning and end retain their orig- 
inal form. He wrote the text of Bach's 
St. Matthew Passion and of a number 
of his important cantatas. Ref.: VI. 
244. 

HENRIETTA MARIA, Queen of 
England. Ref.: X. 84. 

HEJVRION, Paul (1819-1901): b. 
Paris, d. there; popular French com- 
poser of over 1,000 romances and chan- 
sonettes, also 3 operettas. 

HBNRiauES (1) Robert (1858-) : 
b. Copenhagen; 'cellist; pupil of Ne- 
ruda, Griitzmacher and Popper, and of 
Krelschmer in Dresden; founded and 
conducted the 'G dur' and 'Symphonia' 
societies In Copenhagen, 1886-93; music 
reviewer for the Danebroog and other 
papers, 1892-96; director of the student 
orchestra, 1902-03; composer of orches- 
tral works, a suite for oboe, 'cello 
pieces, songs, etc. (2) Flni Baldemar 
(1867- ): b. Copenhagen; eminent 
violinist; studied with Svendsen and 
Joachim; member of the Copenhagen 
court orch., and composer of orches- 
tral and piano music. 

HENRY VIH, King of England. 
Ref.: V. Ill; VI. 89, 449; X. 84. 

HBNSCHEL (1) [Sir] George 
(1850- ): b. Breslau; baritone, con- 
ductor and composer; studied piano 
with Moscheles and Wenzel, singing 
with Gotze and A. Schulze, and theory 
with Reinecke and Kiel. He toured 
through Europe and several times the 
U. S., also jointly with his wife (2) ; 
was conductor of the Boston Symphony 
Orch., 1881-84; founded the London 
Symphony Concerts in 1885 and became 
professor of singing at the Royal Coll. 
of Music in 1886. He composed an 
opera, Friedrich der Schone; an ora- 
torio; serenade for orchestra; canon- 
suite for string orch.; psalms, part- 
songs, some fine songs, etc. Ref.: III. 
212; IV. 190; songs, V. 308ff; choral 
comp., VI. 345. (2) lillllan H. (1860- 
1901): soprano; was a pupil of her 
uncle, Chas. Hayden, Mme. Viardot and 
of George Henschel, whom she married 
in 1881, and with whom she was asso- 
ciated in joint song recitals and on 
concert tours in Europe and America. 

HENSEL. (1) Fanny Cadlla (1805- 
1847): sister of Felix Mendelssohn; 
married the painter H. ; excellent pi- 
anist and composed 'Songs Without 
Words,' songs and a trio. (2) Hein- 
Tlch: contemp. opera singer. Ref.: IV. 
155. 

HENSELT, Adolf von (1814-1889): 
b. Schwabach, Bavaria; d. Warm- 
brunn, Silesia; pianist and composer; 
studied with Hummel at Weimar and 
with Sechter in Vienna. He success- 
fully toured Germany in 1837, and 
went to St. Petersburg in 1838, where 
he became chamber-pianist to the Em- 



Herbeck 

press, teacher to the princes, and later 
inspector of musical instruction of 
the Imperial educational institutions for 
girls. As a pianist H. took very high 
rank, especially for his poetic inter- 
pretations. As a composer he is re- 
membered chiefly for a piano concerto 
in F minor, five concert etudes (incl. 
La Gondole, Poime d'amour, Frilh- 
lingslied), which are in some respects 
comparable to Mendelssohn's 'Songs 
Without Words'; also Impromptus, 
Ballads, etc., concert paraphrases, a 
trio, and a second piano part for 
Cramer's fitudes. He also Issued a 
splendid edition of Weber's piano 
works. Ref.: II. 322; III. 17; VII. 
217. 

HBNTSCHEIi (1) Franz (b. Ber- 
lin, 1814) : studied with Grell and 
W. A. Bach; theatre Kapellmeister in 
Erfurt, Attenburg and Berlin; com- 
posed an opera Die Bexenreise, 
marches, concerto for wind instru- 
ments, etc. (2) Theodor (1830-1892) : 
b. Schirgiswalde, d. Hamburg; studied 
in Dresden and Prague; theatre Kapell- 
meister in Leipzig, Bremen and Ham- 
burg; composed the operas Matrose und 
Sanger (1857), Der Konigspage (1874), 
Die Braut von Lusignan (1875), Lanze- 
lot (1878) and Des Konigs Schwert 
(1890), a mass for double chorus, 
soiiss etc 

HBPWORTH (1) George (1825- 
[?]) : b. Almondbury; went to Ger- 
many, 1841, organist at Gustrow, and 
grand-ducal Musikdirektor at Schwerin; 
composer; wrote on Bach, etc. (2) 
William (1846- ) : b. Hamburg; or- 
ganist in Chemnitz, pub. a string quar- 
tet, arranged Bach's organ prelude and 
fugue in A min. for orchestra, and 
wrote a manual on the care, etc., of 
string instruments (1895), which was 
translated into English (1899). 

HERBART, Johann Friedrich 
(1776-1841) ; German philosopher who 
extended his speculations to music, be- 
lieving to find there a revelation of 
general laws. He was the first to at- 
tempt to fix the normal duration of the 
rhythmic pulse. He was also a pianist 
and composer. 

HERBECK, Johann Franz -von 
(1831-1877): b. Vienna, d. there; dis- 
tinguished conductor; was practically 
self-taught in music; choir-director of 
the Piaristenkirche, Vienna, 1853; 
chorus-master of the Vienna Man- 
nergesangverein, 1856; professor at the 
Cons., and chorus-master of the Sing- 
verein, 1858; conductor of the Gesell- 
schaft der Musikfreunde, 1859, and 
again from 1875; chief court Kapell- 
meister, 1866 ; director of the Imperial 
opera, 1871, which position he resigned 
because of intrigues. He composed 
part-songs, some lor male voices with 
horn-quartet, others with orchestra, 
also several sets for mixed chorus; 
graduals, 2 masses; symphonies. Sym- 
phonic Variations, Tanzmomente for 



215 



Herlbert 

orchestra and a string quartet. Ref.: 

III. 212; VI. 334. 

HERBERT (1) Victor (1859- ): 
b. Dublin, Ireland; composer and con- 
ductor; studied in Germany; first 'cel- 
list, Court Orchestra, Stuttgart; solo 
'cellist Metropolitan Opera House, New 
York; soloist and conductor, Theodore 
Thomas, Seidl's and other orchestras; 
conductor Pittsburgh (Pa.) Orchestra 
(1898-1904) and Victor Herbert's New 
York Orchestra (1904- ). Has com- 
posed numerous successful comic op- 
eras; 2 grand operas, 'Natoma' and 
'Madeleine'; an oratorio, 'The Captive'; 
a concerto for violoncello and orches- 
tra; compositions for orchestra, violin, 
'cello, songs, etc. Ref.: IV. 154ff, 197, 
447, i60; mus. ex., XTV. 228; portrait, 

IV. 458. (2) Therese (Herbert-For- 
ster), wife of Victor H. (1) : b. Ger- 
many ; operatic prima donna ; sang in 
several German opera houses; Ameri- 
can debut at Thalia Theatre, New York 
(1887). Ref.: TV. 141. 

HERRING, [August Bernhard] Val- 
entin ([?]-1766): adjunct organist and 
vicar at the Cathedral of Magdeburg; 
pub. Musikalische Belustigungen (1758), 
Musikalische Versuche an Fabeln und 
Erzahlangen des Herrn Prof. Gellerts 
(1759) ; composer of songs. 

HERBST, Johann Andreas (1588- 
1666): b. Nuremberg, d. ' Frankfort ; Ka- 
pellmeister at Hesse, Darmstadt, Frank- 
fort and Nuremberg; theoretician who 
originated the rule against hidden fifths 
as it is still preserved in some text 
books. He wrote Musica practica (1642), 
Masica poetia (1643), etc., composed 
German madrigals and church works. 

HERDER, Jobann Gottfried von, 
the great German poet (1744-1803) : is 
important to musical history as hav- 
ing aroused general interest in the re- 
vival of folk-song, thus influencing the 
course of development of the German 
Lied. He also held definite views on 
musical aesthetics, which he expounded 
In Kalligone (1800). Also in Adrasta 
he writes of music (Handel, the Mono- 
drama, etc.), and he composed texts 
for cantatas and oratorios, set by MU- 
thel and E. W. Wolf; also opem texts, 
which were not set to music. Ref.: 
III. 61; V. 110; VI. 192. 

BERING (1) Magister Carl Gottlieb 
(1766-1853) : b. Schandau, Saxony; d. 
Zittau; musical pedagogue and com- 
poser of children's songs which have 
become popular. He wrote a number of 
methods and manuals on piano play- 
ing, thorough-bass, singing for chil- 
dren, violin playing, etc. ; pub. several 
chorale books and instructive piano mu- 
sic. He founded a Musikalisches Ju- 
gendblatt fiir Gesang, Klavier und 
Plate in 1830, which was continued by 
his son. (2) Karl Eduard (1807- 
1879) : b. Oschatz, d. Bautzen ; son of 
(1) ; composer of oratorios, a mass, 
and other extended works; a number 
of male choruses, chorales, etc. He 



216 



Hermann 

pub. a chorale book for schools and a 
manual of harmony. (3) Carl Fried- 
rich Augnst (1819-1899) : b. Berlin, d. 
near Magdeburg; violinist in the Royal 
Kapelle, Berlin, where he founded a 
musical institute in 1851 and became 
Royal Musikdirektor ; pub. choruses, 
also an elementary violin school, and 
a guide for violin teachers (1857). (4) 
Richard (1856- ): b. Bautzen; son 
of (2) ; teacher and song-writer. 

HBRITTE-VIARDOT. See Viabdot. 

HERMAN, Reinbold Ludwlg 
(1849- ): b. Prenzlau; conductor; 
studied at Stem Cons.; settled in 
New York as teacher and conductor 
( Deutscher Liederkranz) ; returned to 
Berlin, first as substitute for J. Stem, 
then conductor of Waldemar Meyer's 
orch, concerts. He was conductor of 
the Handel and Haydn Society, Bos- 
ton, 1898-99. He composed 4 operas, 
orchestral pieces, choruses and songs. 

HERMANN. See Monk of Salzbukg. 

HERMANN (1) Matthias (16th 
cent.) : b. probably at Warkenz or 
Warkoirig, Flanders (hence Verrecoi- 
enses) ; cathedral chapel-master at Mi- 
lan, 1538-55; composer of a realistic 
'tone-painting,' Battaglia Taliana, re- 
printed in various collections; also 
motets, etc. (2) Jobann David: b. 
Germany about 1785; piano teacher to 
Queen Maria Antoinette; composer of 
6 piano concertos, 15 sonatas, etc. (3) 
Jaltob Gottfried (1772-1848) : b. Leip- 
zig, d. there; philologist and celebrated 
writer on metrics. (4) Gottfried (1808- 
1878): b. Sondershausen, d. Liibeck; 
violinist (pupil of Spohr) and pianist; 
formed a string quartet with his brother 
Karl ('cellist) ; later court Kapell- 
meister in Sondershausen, municipal 
Kapellmeister in Liibeck, and of the 
Bach-Verein, Hamburg. He prod, op- 
eras ; pub. orchestral and chamber 
music. (5) Friedrich (1828-1907) : b. 
Frankfort, d. Leipzig, where he was 
first violinist in the Gewandhaus and 
Stadttheater orchestras and teacher at 
the Cons. From 1878 he devoted him- 
self to com^position, being best known 
for his violin music; also prepared edi- 
tions of classics for string instruments. 
(6) Willy (1868- ): b. Silesia; or- 
ganist and composer of choruses (4 to 
8 parts), sacred and secular, and men's 
choruses. (7) Robert (1869-1912): b. 
Berne; self-taught as composer, re- 
ceived encouragement from Grieg and 
later studied for a short time with 
Humperdinck. He composed chamber 
music, violin sonata, piano suites, two 
symphonies, a concert overture, songs, 
etc. (8) B. Hans G. (1870- ) : b. 
Leipzig; double-bass player in vari- 
ous orchestras, and composer of songs, 
also an opera, a symphony, string 
quartet, etc. (9) Georg (pseud. Georg 
Armin) (1871- ): b. Brunswick; 
singer and vocal teacher; set forth his 
method in Die Lehrsdtze der auto- 
matischen Stimmbildang (1900), etc. 



Hermannus 

HERMANNUS COXTRACTTJS (the 
Lame) [Count von Vehringen] (1013[?]- 
1054) : b. Sulgau, Suabia; d. Biberach; 
Benedictine monk at Relclienau. He 
wrote an Important Chronicle (from 
the foundation of Rome), containing 
valuable data on musical history, also 
some little tracts on music, reprinted 
in Gerbert's Scriptores. He Invented a 
system of musical notation, which was 
probably based on the Byzantine, but 
Guido's method, just then coming into 
vogue, prevented the acceptance of H.'s 

HERMANNUS DE ATRIO (early 
15th cent.) : composer of 2- and 3-part 
chansons preserved in Vienna (Codex 
Trent, 89), of which one contains a 
chord reaching to D below the bass 
staff, indicating clearly the use of the 
bass viol. 

HERMES, Egyptian god. Ref.: X. 
13. 

HERMESDORFF, Michael (1833- 
1885): b. Treves, d. there; priest and 
cathedral organist; edited the Treves 
Cdcilia, and began the edition of the 
Graduele ad usum romanum cantus S. 
Gregoriiy the completion of which he 
did not live to see. He pub. a gradual, 
etc., for the Treves diocese, a Har- 
monia cantus choralis (4 parts), wrote 
3 masses, edited the 2nd ed. of Luck's 
collection of church music (4 vols.) 
and translated Guido d'Arezzo's Mi- 
CTologus. 

HERMS, Adeline (1862- ): b. 
Friesack; concert singer (mezzo- 
soprano) ; pupil of the Berlin Hoch- 
schule and O. Eichberg; married Eugen 
Sandou, 'cellist, 1895. 

HERMSTEDT, Johann Simon 
(1778-1846) : b. Longensalza, d. Sonders- 
hausen, as court Kapellmeister; clari- 
net virtuoso, for whom Spohr wrote 3 
of his 4 clarinet concertos. H. also 
composed for his instrument and for 
military bands. 

HERNANDEZ, Pablo (1834- ) : 
b. Saragossa, where he was organist, 
later going to Madrid as pupil, then 
teacher at the Cons. He wrote an or- 
gan method, 6 organ fugues, a mass 
with orchestra, and other church mu- 
sic; also a symphony, an overture and 
a number of Spanish operettas (Zar- 
zuelas). 

HERNANDO, Rafael JosC Maria 
(1822- ) : b. Madrid, pupil of the 
Cons, there, also studying in Paris, where 
he prod, a Stabat Mater. He prod, a 
number of operettas (Zarzuelas) in 
Madrid and became director of the 
Theatre des Varietis, devoted to the 
exploitation of the Zarzuela type of 
composition. He became secretary of 
the Madrid Cons., 1852, professor of 
harmony there, and composed hymns, 
cantatas, a votive mass, etc. 

HERNER, Karl (1836-1906) : b. 
Rendsburg, d. Hanover; violinist; pupil 
of Prague Cons, and Joachim; member 
of orchestras in Hamburg, Kiel, Co- 



Hertel 

penhagen, Brussels, Brunswick and 
Hanover respectively; repetitor at the 
court theatre, Hanover, 1865, chorus 
director, 1869, Kapellmeister, 1887; 
composed songs, choral works, a ballet, 
recitatives to Weber's Oberon, over- 
tures, etc. 

HERODOTUS. Ref.: cited, X. 13. 

H£:ROLD, liOnis-Joseph-Ferdinand 
(1791-1833): b. Paris, d. at Thernes, 
near Paris. Though his father was a 
musician and a pupil of C. P. E. Bach, 
he did not desire the pursuit of the 
profession by his sou, whose talent 
was discovered by F^tis. After his fa- 
ther's death H. entered the Conserva- 
toire, studied the piano with Louis 
Adam (winning first prize in 1810), 
harmony with Catel, and composition 
with M^hul. He won the Prix de Rome 
in 1812. He became pianist to Queen 
Caroline at Naples, and there produced 
his first opera. La gioventii di Enrico 
Quinto (1815). Returning to Paris, he 
finished the score of Boieldieu's Charles 
de France (1816), earning a success 
which he followed up with Les Rostires 
(1817) and La Clochette. After writing 
some instrumental music and several 
unsuccessful operas, he determined to 
imitate the style of Rossini, but re- 
turned to his own field — comic opera— 
with the successful Marie (1826). While 
filling the posts of pianist, then chorus- 
master at the Italian Opera (1824-26) 
he prod. Les Muletiers, L'Astbenie, Ven- 
dome en Espagne, Le Roi Rene, and Le 
Lapin blanc. He became, in 1827, chef 
de chant at the Grand Opera, for which 
he wrote several charming ballets (of 
which one, La Somnambule, furnished 
Bellini the subject of his opera). After 
further minor works, H. secured his 
most brilliant success with Zampa 
(1831), followed by L'Auberge d'Aureg, 
written jointly with Carafa, and La 
Marquise de Brinvilliers (1831) with 
Auber, Batton, Berton, Blangini, Boiel- 
dieu, Carafa, Cherubini and Paer. Le 
Pri aux clercs (1832), his last com- 
pleted work, is second only to Zampa 
in popularity, and his unfinished Ln- 
dovic was successfully completed by 
Hal^vy. H. also wrote 55 works for 
piano, including sonatas, caprices, ron- 
dos, divertissements, fantasies, varia- 
tions and potpourris. Ref.: II. 207, 
211; Vin. 101, 109; IX. 228, 230; por- 
trait, IX. 226. 

HERSCHEIi (1) Friedrich 'Wll- 
helm, the celebrated astronomer (1738- 
1822) : b. Hanover, d. near Windsor, 
Eng. ; was originally a musician ('cel- 
list), who went to England with the 
Hanoverian guard. He became organist 
in Halifax and in Bath; also wrote a 
symphony and 2 hand concertos. (2) 
Jakob (d. 1792 in Hanover) : brother 
of (1) ; violinist and composer of vio- 
lin sonatas, trio sonatas and quartets 
with ohbligato clavier part, also sym- 
phonies, etc. 

HERTEIi (1) Johann Christian 



217 



Herther 

(1699-1754): b. ottlngen, d. Strelitz; 
virtuoso on the viola da gamba, and 
composer of many orchestral and 
cliamber-music "worlis. (2) Johann 
Wilhelm (1727-1789) : b. Eisenach, d. 
Schwerin; son of (1); concert-master, 
then court Kapellmeister, at Stielltz; 
composer of a number of symphonies, 
concertos for different instruments, ora- 
torios, and cantatas, psalms, piano 
sonatas, etc., highly esteemed in their 
day; also edited a collection of fa- 
vorite (chiefly Italian and French) mu- 
sic (1757-58, 2 parts). (3) Peter L.iid- 
wlg (1817-1899): b. Berlin, d. there; 
court composer and ballet conductor at 
the Royal Opera, Berlin; composed a 
number of ballets, chiefly to scenarios 
by P. Taglioni. 

HBRTHER, P. See Gtjnther. 

HSRTZ (1) Michael (1844- ) : b. 
Warsaw; pupil of Reinecke, Moscheles, 
Wenzel, Plaidy and Richter at the Leip- 
zig Cons., later of Kullak and Kiel; 
piano teacher at the Stern Cons., Ber- 
lin, teacher in Warsaw. He composed 
2 operas, much music for the stage, 
orchestral works, piano pieces, chor- 
uses and songs. (2) Alfred (1872-) : 
b. Frankf ort-on-the-Main ; conductor; 
studied at Raff Cons., Frankfort. Con- 
ductor: Hoftheater, Altenburg, Saxony 
(1892-95) ; Stadttheater, Barmen-Elber- 
feld (1895-99) ; Spring concerts, Lon- 
don (1899) ; Stadttheater, Breslau (1899- 
1902) ; German opera. Metropolitan Op- 
era House, New York (1902-15) ; San 
Francisco Symphony Orchestra from 
1915. H. conducted at Covent Garden, 
London, spring and fall, 1910, and di- 
rected first performances in America 
of PoTsifalt Salomet Konigskinder^ Der 
Rosenkavalier, and original productions 
of Parker's *Mona' and ^Fairyland,' 
Damrosch's 'Cyrano de Bergerac,' etc.; 
contributor to 'The Art of Music' 
(1915). Ref.: IV. 149, 153. 

HE]RTZBE;RG, Rudolf von (1818- 
1893) : b. Berlin, d. there ; studied with 
Berger and Dehn; singing teacher and 
later director of the cathedral choir 
there; Royal Musikdirektor and Royal 
professor. 

HBRV£, FloTimond Ronger (1825- 
1892): b. near Arras, d. Paris; was at 
first organist, then became the orig- 
inator of the French operetta, his af- 
filiation with the theatre beginning in 
1848, "when he appeared in an infer- 
mide of his own composition, Don 
Quichotte et Sancho Pansa, at the 
Theatre National. In 1851 he became 
conductor of the Theatre du Palais- 
Royal. In 1854 he established the Folies 
Concertantes (later the Folies Nouvelles 
and Folies Dramatiques) , "where he in- 
augurated the diminutive type of bur- 
lesque or frivolous operetta of which 
he himself wrote over 50 (including 
L'ceil creve^ Le Petit Faust, and Le 
nouvel Aladin), and which became the 
successful vehicle of the more talented 
Offenbach. H. wrote his own libret- 



218 



Herzog 

tos. His music has been aptly styled 
by Pougin 'mnsiquette.' He also wrote 
several ballets and a heroic symphony 
or cantata. His son, known as Gardel, 
wrote one operetta, Nini c'est flni 
(1871). 

HEJRZ (1) Jacanes [Simon] (1794- 
1880): b. Frankfort, d. Nice; studied 
at Paris Cons.; pianist and teacher in 
Paris; for a time also in England; 
then assistant to his brother (2) at the 
Conservatoire. He composed a horn 
sonata, violin sonata, piano quintet 
and piano pieces. (2) Henri (1806- 
1888): b. Vienna, d. Paris; piano vir- 
tuoso, pupil of his father, of Hunten 
at Coblentz, Pradher, Relcha, and Dour- 
len at the Paris Cons., where he won 
the first piano prize. Moscheles' visit 
in 1821 led him to emulate that mas- 
ter's style. He toured Germany with 
the violinist Lafont in 1831; visited 
London in 1834 and became piano pro- 
fessor at the Paris Cons, in 1842. 
After losses in the piano manufactur- 
ing business, he undertook a concert- 
tour through the United States, Mexico 
and the West Indies (1845-51), after 
which he was successful with a second 
business venture, making pianos which 
received first prize at the Paris Exhibi- 
tion of 1855. As a pianist H. was 
rather sensational; as a composer he 
catered to the popular taste. His 200 
or more works were ridiculed by musi- 
cians, but netted their composer high 
revenues. Only his etudes and Piano 
Method are likely to survive. H. pub. 
Mes voyages en Amirique (1866), a re- 
print of his letters to the Moniteur Uni- 
versel. Ref.: III. 18; VII. 285ff, 297, 
447. 

HElRZFBIiD, Victor von (1856-) : 
b. Pressburg; violinist, teacher; pro- 
fessor at the National Academy, Pesth, 
from 1886; 2nd violin of the Hubay- 
Popper Quartet; also composer of or- 
chestral and chamber music. 

HERZKA, S. (1843- ): b. Szege- 
din; pupil of the Vienna Cons, and 
of Marmontel, Ambroise Thomas and 
Berlioz in Paris; piano virtuoso; teach- 
er at the National Institute of Music, 
Agram, and since 1870 in Vienna; com- 
posed the opera Heinrichs IV, erste 
Liebe (1806). 

HSRZOa (1) Benedlkt (known as 
Benedictns Duels) (16th cent.) : b. 
probably near Constance; organist of 
the Marienkapelle, Antwerp, and pri- 
micerius of the Guild of St. Lucas; 
appointed organist of the Royal Chapel, 
London, 1516; apparently went from 
there to Vienna; became a follower of 
the Reformation and held pastorates at 
Ulm and Schalkstetten ; the facts of his 
life are circumstantial; he is supposed 
to have been a pupil of Josquin des 
Pres, upon whose death a song of 
mourning was composed by one Bene- 
dictus, but this and other works 
ascribed to him may have been by 
Benedict Appenzeller (q.v.). Of the 



Berzogenberg 

compositions presumably by him there 
have been pub. a song of mourning 
on the death of Erasmus of Rotter- 
dam (J. Moderne, Lyons, 1538), 2 occa- 
sional compositions (Kriestein, Augs- 
burg, 1540), 10 4-part German church 
songs in Rhaw's iVeue deutsche kirch- 
liche Gesdnge (1544), four 3-part songs 
in Petrejus's Trium vocum cantus 
(1541), 40 pieces pub. in the collected 
works of T. Susato ; 2 pieces in the Ant- 
werp festival music in honor of Em- 
peror Maximilian I (1515). Ref.: 1.297. 

(2) Johann Geors (1822-1909): b. 
Schmolz, Bavaria, d. Munich; or- 
ganist and organ teacher at Munich 
Cons., later Musikdirektor and pro- 
fessor at Erlangen Univ.; virtuoso on 
the organ and composer of chorales, 
preludes, postludes and interludes, 
fantasies, etc., for organ; pub. an Or- 
gan School, Chorale books, etc. (3) 
KmlUe (1860- ) : b. Ermatingen, 
Switzerland; singer; made her debut 
at the Munich court theatre, where she 
became soubrette and coloratura singer; 
later at the Royal Opera at Berlin, 
where she achieved a reputation in Mo- 
zart operas; toured and became first 
mistress of singing at the Royal High- 
School for Music, Berlin. 

HBRZOGBNBERG, Heinricli von 
(1843-1900) : b. Graz, Styria, A. Wiesba- 
den; studied with Dessoff at Vienna 
Cons., 1862-64. In 1874 he founded, at 
Leipzig, the Bach-Verein, with P. Spitta, 
F. V. Holstein, and A. Volkland, and 
succeeded the latter as its director. He 
was prof, of comp. at the Berlin Hoch- 
schule (1885-92), and became president 
of the Meisterschule for composition, 
also a member of the Akademie. He 
wrote an oratorio. Die Geburt Cbristi; 
a symphonic poem, Odysseus; 2 sym- 
phonies, Deutsches Ltederspiel for solo, 
chorus and piano duet, and a number 
of other choral works, settings of 
psalms, etc. ; also chamber music, piano 
pieces (2 and 4 hands), songs, duets, 
etc. He married Elizabeth von Stock- 
hausen, a talented pianist (1847-92). 
Ref.: HL 209, 210; VIII. 419. 

HEISDIIV, Pierre (16th cent.) ; singer 
at the court of Henri II of France; 
singer in the papel chapel, 1547-1559; 
composed masses, motets and chansons. 

HBSE1.TI1VE, James ([?]-1763): 
English organist and composer. 

HESIOD. Ref.: I. 92; X. 52, 65. 

HESS (1) JoacWm: organist and 
carilloneur at Gouda, Holland, 1766; 
wrote several treatises on organ play- 
ing and organs, in Dutch. (2) Karl 
(1859-1912) : b. Basle, d. Berne; stud, at 
Leipzig; organist at Berne cathedral, 
also professor at the Univ. He wrote 
an organ sonata and preludes, a piano 
quintet and choral works (motets, 
a cappella. Psalm 90, etc.), also songs. 

(3) Willy (1859- ) : b. Mannheim: 
violinist; pupil of his father and 
Joachim; concertized; became concert- 
master in Frankfort, Rotterdam, Man- 



Hesselberg 

Chester (Hall£ Orch.) and Cologne 
(Giirzenich), where he also taught at 
the Cons. In 1903 he went to the Royal 
Acad, of Music, London and 1904 be- 
came concert-master of the Boston Sym- 
phony Orch., also leader of a string 
quartet. Ref.: IV. 204. (4) L.ndvrls 
(1877- ) : b. Marburg; singer and 
composer; pupil of the Berlin Hoch- 
schule, Vidal in Milan; gave recitals 
of modern Lieder, etc., and since 1907 
conductor of the Munich Konzert- 
gesellschaft. He composed a symphony, 
Hans Memling; a music drama, Ari- 
adne; choral works, over 100 songs, etc. 

HESSS: (1) Ernst Christian (1676- 
1762): b. Thuringia, d. Darmstadt; at 
first an official, then studied the viola 
da gamba with Marin Marals and For- 
gueray, becoming the most celebrated 
of all German virtuosos on this in- 
strument, for which he also wrote so- 
natas (besides church music). (2) 
Adolf [Friedrlch] (1809-1863): b. 
Breslau, d. there; organist; son of an 
organ builder; pupil of Berner and E. 
Kohler; later of Hummel, Rinck, and 
Spohr. He was assistant, then organ- 
ist, in Breslau churches, inaugurated 
the new organ of St. Eustache in Paris, 
where he astonished his public by his 
pedal playing; visited Italy in 1846 
and England in 1852, performing on the 
organs in the Crystal Palace. He also 
conducted the Breslau symphony con- 
certs for years. He composed an ora- 
torio, Tobias; a dram, cantata, Herzog 
Ernst von Schwaben; other cantatas; 6 
symphonies, 4 overtures, motets, a 
piano-concerto, chamber music, piano 
pieces and organ compositions (pre- 
ludes, fugues, fantasies, etc.) ; also 
wrote an Orgelsckule (Practical Organ- 
ist). Ref.: \l. 459f. 

HESSE (1) Morltz [the Learned], 
Landgrave ot (1572-1632) : was both a 
music patron and a musician, having 
provided for Schiitz's education in 
Venice, and composed a number of 
chorales, psalms, instrumental fugues 
and dance movements. (2) Alexander 
Friedrlch, Landgrave of (1863- ) : 
b. Copenhagen; pupil of Cornelius Riib- 
ner, Paul Klengel, etc.; blind since 
childhood; pursued further musical 
studies after becoming Landgrave 
(Joachim, Bruch, Welngartner, etc.) ; 
violinist, pianist and composer of 
chamber music, vocal pieces, grand 
mass, etc. (3) Ernst livAwlg, Grand- 
Duke of (1868- ) : b. Darmstadt; 
pub. several songs. 

HESSELBERG, £donard Gregory 
(d'Essenelll) (1870- ): b. Riga; 
pianist, composer, pedagogue; studied 
at the Philharmonic Cons., Moscow 
(laureate and medal), later privately 
under Rubinstein. Came to America, 
1892; director in colleges or conserva- 
tories in Ithaca (N. Y.), Denver, 
Macon (Ga.), Nashville (Tenn.); senior 
professor of piano, Toronto Cons., etc.; 
toured Europe and America as pianist; 



219 



Hetsch 

composed for piano, violin and orch., 
also songs. 

HETSCH, Louis (1806-1872) : b. 
Stuttgart, d. Mannheim; academic Mu- 
sikdirektor at Heidelberg until 1846; 
siibsequently Musikdirektor at Mann- 
heim; composed orchestral, choral and 
chamber music. 

HEUBBRGBR, Richard Franz Jo- 
seph (1850-1914J: b. Graz, d. Vienna; 
by profession a civil engineer, but de- 
voted himself to music, in 1876 be- 
coming conductor of the Vienna aca- 
demic Gesangverein, and in 1878 of the 
Singakademle. He wrote 2 operas, 2 
operettas, ballet, a cantata, overture to 
Byron's 'Cain'; rhapsody from Riick- 
ert's Liebesfriihling for chorus, an or- 
chestral suite, besides a symphony; 
orchestral variations on a theme by 
Schubert; orchestral serenades, part- 
songs, songs. Ref.: VII. 194; IX. 425. 

HEUBNBR, Konrad (1860-1905) : b. 
Dresden, d. Coblenz; studied at the 
Leipzig Cons, and under Rlemann at 
the Univ., with Nottebohm in Vienna 
and Wiillner, Nicod^ and Blassmann in 
Dresden; director of the Singakademie, 
Liegnitz, 1882, second director of the 
Singakademie, Berlin, 1884; director of 
the Cons, and conductor at Coblenz, 
1890; composer of overtures, cham- 
ber music, a violin concerto and 
a choral work; arranged Herzogenberg's 
Deutsches Liederspiel for orchestra. 

HEUGEL, Jacanes Leopold (1815- 
1883) : b. La Rochelle, d. Paris; founder 
of the Paris music-publishing house of 
Heugel et flls; editor of Le Menestrel 
from 1834. His firm has pub. the cele- 
brated Conservatoire Methods of the 
various branches of the art, written by 
Cherublni, Baillot, Mengozzi, Catel, etc., 
and more recently by Garcia, Duprez, 
Marmontel, Niedermeyer, etc. 

HETISS, Alfred Valentin (1877-) : 
b. Chur; editor; author of a treatise 
on the instrumental pieces in Monte- 
verdi's Orfeo and the Venetian operatic 
sinfonie (1903) ; editor of the journal 
of the Internationale Mnsikgesellschaft 
since 1904, and a frequent contributor 
to the same; editor of Krieger's arias 
and author of several analyses (Musik- 
filhrer), also the program books of 
some of the festivals of the Bach- 
^vpQ^II sell #1 ft 

HEY, Julius (1832-1909) : b. Lower 
Franconia, d. Munich; studied with 
Lachner and F. Schmitt; became ac- 
quainted with Wagner through King 
Ludwig II and aimed to reform the 
study of singing in a German nation- 
alistic sense; became teacher of sing- 
ing at the Munich Music School (found- 
ed by Ludwig n, according to Wag- 
ner's designs, under the direction of 
Billow), but resigned after Wagner's 
death and continued his work in Ber- 
lin. He prod, the monumental peda- 
gogical work, Deutscher Gesangsunter- 
Ticht (in 4 parts, covering speech, vocal 
instruction for women, do. for men. 



220 



Heyne 

and textual explanations, 1886) ; also 
wrote R. Wagner als Vortragsmeister 
(1911). 

HEYDEN (1) Sehald (1498 [4?]- 
1561): b. Nuremberg, d. there; cantor 
of the Hospital School, and of St. Se- 
baldus' Church. He wrote an important 
treatise on measured music, Musicae, 
i.e. artis canendi libri duo (1527; 3rd 
ed. as De arte canendi, etc. 1540) ; also 
Stichiosie musicae, sea rudimenta mu- 
sicae (1529), Musicae stichiosis, worin 
vom Ursprung und Nutzen der Musik, 
etc., or Institutiones musicae (1535). 
Ref.: I. 240. (2) Hans (1540-1613): b. 
Nuremberg, d. there; son of Sebald (1) ; 
was organist of the St. Sebald's Church ; 
invented the Geigenclavicimbal or Niirn- 
bergisch Geigenwerk, which he de- 
scribed In Musicale instrumentum refor- 
matum (1610). 

HEYDRICH, Bruno (1865- ): b. 
Leuben, Saxony; studied at the Dres- 
den Cons., double-bass player in the 
court orchestras of Jfeiningen and 
Dresden; studied singing in Dresden, 
Berlin, Weimar and Cologne, and sang 
Wagner roles in Weimar, Aachen, Co- 
logne, Magdeburg, and Brunswick; 
finally director of a conservatory of 
music and drama founded by him in 
Halle; composer of the operas Amen 
(1895), Frieden (1907) and Der Zufall 
(1914), piano pieces, choral works 
with orchestra, chamber music, songs, 

HEYER, Wilhelm (1849-1913): b. 
Cologne, d. there; patron of music; 
for many years a supporter of the 
Cologne Concert Society, Conservatory 
and Musical Society; founded in Co- 
logne, 1906, a Museum of Musical His- 
tory which no"w contains over 2600 
instruments, about 20,000 musical au- 
tographs, 3500 portraits and a large 
musical library. 

HEYAIAN, Katherine Ruth: con- 
temp. Amer. song writer. Ref.: IV. 
406. 

HEYMANKf (1) -RHEINECK, Karl 
August (1852- ) : b. Castle Rhein- 
eck-on-Rhine ; pupil of the Cologne 
Cons. ; pupil, then teacher at the Berlin 
Hochschule; composer of piano pieces 
and songs. (2) Karl (1854- ) : b. 
Filehne, Posen; pianist; pupil of Co- 
logne Cons., and of Kiel in Berlin. 
Concertized, and after returning on ac- 
count of ill-health, accompanied the 
violinist Wilhelmj ; then became Musik- 
direktor at Bingen; and later pianist to 
the Hesse court. He taught at the Hoch 
Cons., concertized, and composed bril- 
liant and meritorious piano pieces, in- 
cluding a concerto. 

HEYIVE (or Haync, Ayne [Henry]) 
van Ghizeghem (15th cent.) : chapel 
singer at Cambrai Cathedral and at the 
court of Charles the Bold; composer 
of chansons, of which 3 are preserved 
in Petruccl's Odhecaton (1501), others 
in MSS. at Dijon and Vienna (Trent 
Cod. 89). Like Morton, H. Is recorded 



Heyse 

to have accompanied his vocal perform- 
ances with bass instruments. 

HEYSE (1) Paul: Poet. Ref.: V. 
331 ; VI. 202. (2) Karl (1879- ) : b. 
St. Petersburg; studied organ, etc., at 
the Leipzig Cons.; toured as concert- 
organist from 1903; organist at the 
German reformed church in Franlifort 
and teacher at the Hoch. Cons. 

HIEL, Emanuel: librettist. Ref.: 
VI. 301. 

HIEROCLES. Ref.: (quoted) I. 90, 
109. 

HIERONYMUS DE MORAVIA: ca. 
1250 Dominican friar in Paris ; collected 
some of the oldest tracts on discant 
(Discajitus positio, Giov. de Garlandia, 
Franco), reprinted in Coussemaker's 
ScTiptores. 

HIGGINSOrST, Henry Lee (1834-) : 
b. New York; American banker and 
noted musical patron ; studied music in 
Vienna, organized and endowed the 
Boston Symphony Orchestra and built 
the Symiphony Hall at Boston. Ref.: 
TV. 190; portrait, IV. 172. 

HIGNARD, [Jean Louis] Arlstlde 
(1822-1898): b. Nantes, d. Vernon; pu- 
pil of Halevy at the Paris Cons. ; com- 
poser of comic operas prod, at the 
Th^&tre Lyrique, the Bouffes Parisiens, 
etc.; also a 'lyric tragedy,' Hamlet, 
prod. Nantes, 1888. He also wrote 
"waltzes for piano 4-hands, men's and 
women's choruses, songs, etc. 

[St.] HILARIUS (4th cent.) : bishop 
of Poitiers, who is supposed to have 
introduced the Syrian Hymnody into 
the Western Church. He was an exile 
in Asia, 356-60, and there became ac- 
quainted with the antiphonal and other 
psalmody practised in the Eastern 
churches. Three hymns by him have 
been preserved, which do not prove 
him the pioneer in metrical (Ambro- 
sian) hymns that he is reputed to be. 
Ref.: I. 142. 

HIL,DACH, Engen (1849- ) : b. 
Wittenberge-on-the-Elbe ; singer (bari- 
tone) ; widely known as joint recitalist 
with his wife Anna (Schubert) H. 
(soprano), his fellow-pupil (b. 1852 
In East Prussia). In 1880 both joined 
the faculty of the Dresden Cons., re- 
signing in 1886 to give concerts through- 
out Germany. 

HIIiDBURGHATJSEIV, [Prince] Jo- 
seph zu. Ref.: II. 71 (footnote). 

HILDEBRAND (1) Christian. See 
FuLLSACK. (2) Zacharlus (1680-1743) : 
builder of the organ In the Dresden 
Catholic Church. (3) Johann Gott- 
fried: son of Zacharias; built St. 
Michael's Church, Hamburg. 

HILES (1) John (1810-1882) : b. 
Shrewsbury, d. London; organist in 
London, etc.; wrote piano pieces, songs, 
a series of musical catechisms, and a 
'Dictionary of Musical Terms' (1871). 
(2) Henry (1826-1904) : b. Shrews- 
bury, d. near London; brother of (1); 
organist in various churches, Mus. D. 
Oxford, 1867; lecturer at Owens Col- 



HiJle 

lege; co-founder of the National So- 
ciety of Professional Musicians, editor 
of the 'Quarterly Musical Review,' au- 
thor of a 'Grammar of Music,' 1879, and 
other theoretical works; also composed 
an oratorio, cantatas, psalms, etc., an 
organ suite and an operetta. 

HIL,F, Arno (1858-1909) : b. Bad 
Elster, nephew and pupil of Chris- 
tian Wolfgang H. (1818-72), also pupil 
of David, Schradieck, etc.; violinist; 
concert-master and conservatory teacher 
at Moscow, Sondershausen and Leipzig. 

HILFERDING: early Russian bal- 
let-master. Ref.: X. 180. 

HILL (1) Aaron: librettist of Han- 
del's Rinaldo. Ref.: I. 431, 438f. (2) 
William (d. 1870) : organ builder; In- 
creased (with Gauntlett) the range of 
English organs to contra-C. He built 
organs in York, Worcester, Birmingham 
and Melbourne. (3) Uriah C. (1802[?]- 
1875): b. New York; violinist; pupil of 
Spohr and founder of the Philharmonic 
Society of New York in 1842, of which 
he was first president and in which he 
played as a first violin. Ref.: IV. 181, 
183, 202. (4) Thomas Henry Welst 
(1828-1891): b. London, d. there; di- 
rector in the Guildhall School of 
Music. (5) Karl (1831-1893) : b. Id- 
stein (Nassau), d. Sachsenberg (Meck- 
lenburg) ; baritone, at the court theatre 
in Schwerin; sang Alberich at the first 
Bayreuth festival. (6) Vi^llhelm (1838- 
1902): b. Fulda, d. Homburg v. d. H.; 
pianist and composer living in Frank- 
fort from 1854. He w^rote an opera, 
Alona (2nd prize for the concours at 
the opening of the Frankfort opera) ; 
pub. violin sonatas, trios, a piano 
concerto and songs. (7) Edward 
Burlingame (1872- ) : b. Cam- 
bridge, Mass.; pupil of J. K. Paine at 
Harvard, of B. J. Lang, A. Whiting and 
L. Breitner (piano), and F. F. Bullard 
and C. M. Widor (composition) ; in- 
structor in music at Harvard Univ. 
since 1908; contributor of critical arti- 
cles to various newspapers and periodi- 
cals; comijoser of songs, piano pieces, 
2 pantomimes (orch.), a symphonic 
poem, 'Lancelot and Guinevere,' choral 
pieces, etc. Ref.: IV. 388fr; mus. ex., 
XIV. 286. 

HILLE (1) Eduard (1822-1891) : b. 
Wahlhausen, Hanover, d. Gottingen; 
studied at the Univ. of Gottingen, and 
was for several years a music teacher 
in Hanover where he founded the Neue 
Singakademie and conducted a male 
singing society; from 1855 academic 
Musikdirektor at Gottingen, where he 
founded the Singakademie and revived 
the Academic Concerts; composed an 
opera Der neue Oberst (1849), and 
many songs and choruses; pub. a 
Choralbuch for Hanover (1886). (2) 
Gustav (1851- ) : b. Jerichowa, d. 
Elbe; studied at the Kullak Academy 
and the Royal High School for Mu- 
sic; pupil of Joachim; member of the 
Mendelssohn Quartet, Boston, 1879, 



221 



Hillemacher 

teacher at the Academy of Music, Phila- 
delphia, 1880; composed violin sonatas, 
suites for violin, a double concerto for 
2 violins, piano pieces and songs. 

HILLE:MACHE)R (l) Paul Joseph 
Wilhelm (1852- ): b. Paris; com- 
poser of a cantata, 'Judas,' which won 
the Prix de Rome in 1876, collaborator 
with his brother (2), q.v. (2) Lncien 
Joseph edonard (1860- ) : b. Paris ; 
brother of and collaborator with (1) 
under the combined name of P. L. Hille- 
macher. His cantata Fingal won the 
Prix de Rome in 1880, and the brothers' 
joint production, Loreleg, a symphonic 
legend in 3 parts, gained the grand 
prize of the City of Paris. They also 
wrote jointly 3 operas, a comic opera, 
a pantomime, an antique comedy, 
Circe, also a passion mystery, orches- 
tral works, songs, and piano pieces. 

HIIiliSR (1) (Hfiller), Johann 
Adam (1728-1804) : b. Wendisch-Ossig, 
n. Gorlitz; d. Leipzig. A boy soprano, 
he was educated at the Gorlitz Gym- 
nasium, the Kreuzschule (Dresden) and 
the Univ. of Leipzig, where he was 
also flutist, singer in Doles' concerts, 
and teacher. After some years as 
tutor in Dresden and Leipzig, he 
devoted himself to a revival of the 
Subscription Concerts in 1763, which 
eventually developed into the famous 
Gewandhaus Concerts, of which he was 
conductor. H. also established a 
singing-school, and succeeded Doles as 
cantor of the Thomasschule. He is his- 
torically important as the originator of 
the singspiel, of which type of comic 
opera he prod, (at Leipzig) : Lottehen 
am Hofe (1760) ; Der Teufel ist los (1st 
part, Der lustige Schuster, 1768; 2nd 
part. Die verwandelten Weiber, 1766) ; 
LisuoTt und Dariolette (1767) ; Die 
Liebe auf dem Lande, Der Dorfbarbier, 
Die Jagd, Die Mnsen. (1772) ; Der Ernte- 
kranz, Der Krieg (1773) ; Die Jubel- 
hochzeit. Das Grab des Mufti (1779) ; 
Pottis, Oder Das gerettete Troja (1782), 
the individual songs in which became 
very popular. He also composed a Pas- 
sion cantata, funeral music in honor 
of Hasse, the 100th Psalm, symphonies 
and partitas; and edited Ch. Felix 
Weisse's Lieder filr Kinder, 50 geist- 
liche Lieder filr Kinder, Choral Melo- 
dien zu Gellerts geistlichen Oden, 
Vierstimmige Chorarien, a Choralbuch, 
cantatas, etc. He also pub. the earliest 
musical paper, Wochentliche Nachrich- 
ten und Anmerkungen die Musik be- 
treffend (1766-70), and wrote Lebens- 
bescbreibungen berilhmter Musikgelehr- 
ten und Tonkiinstler (1784) ; Vber Me- 
tastasio und seine Werke (1786) ; 
Anweisung zum musikalisch richtigen 
Gesang (1774) ; Anweisung zum musi- 
kalisch zierlichen Gesang (178()) ; An- 
weisung zum Violinsplel (1792) ; pre- 
pared the 2nd ed. of Adlung's Anleitung 
zur musikalischen Gelahrtheit (with 
comments, 1783), arranged Pergolesi's 
Stabat Mater for four-part chorus, and 



Hilton 

pub. works of Handel, Haydn, Graun 
and Hasse. Ref.: U. 88, 191; V. 176f, 
191, 197; IX. 80, 81; portrait, V. 192. 
(2) Friedrich Adam (1768-1812) : b. 
Leipzig, d. Konigsberg; son of (1); 
singer and violinist; conductor in 
Schwerin, 1790, Altona, 1796, and 
Konigsberg, 1798. He wrote 4 sing- 
spiele, 6 string quartets, also smaller 
vocal and instr. pieces. (3) Ferdinand 
[von], (1811-1885) : b. Frankfort, d. 
Cologne; pianist, conductor and com- 
poser; studied violin with Hofmann, 
piano with Aloys Schmitt and theory 
with Vollweiler. He was a pupil of 
Hummel at Weimar from 1825, and 
accompanied hinx to Vienna in 1827, 
where he pub. a string quartet (hav- 
ing begun composition at the age of 
12). He taught for a time in Paris, 
but, of independent means, soon de- 
voted himself to perfecting himself as 
pianist and composer, giving concerts 
with F^tis and Baillot, and earning a 
reputation as an interpreter of BeeUio- 
ven. After some time in Frankfort he 
prod, his opera Romilda at Milan, 
which was not successful, but his ora- 
torio. Die Zerstorung Jerusalems, 
prompted Mendelssohn to invite him to 
produce it at Leipzig, where he also 
conducted the Gewandhaus concerts 
during 1843-44. He prod. 2 operas, 
Traum in der Christnacht (1845) and 
Conradin (1847) at Dresden, and then 
liecame municipal Kapellmeister at 
Dusseldorf, and in 1850 at Cologne, 
where he organized the Cons, and con- 
ducted the Giirzenich Concerts as well 
as the Lower Rhine festivals. During 
1852-53 he cond. the Italian Opera in 
Paris. H.'s compositions comprise over 
200 numbers, remarkable for flowing 
melody, sparkling rhythm, clarity and 
elegance, rather than depth. Besides 
the operas already named, they include 
3 others, also 2 oratorios, 6 cantatas 
and other choral works, many piano 
compositions, including a concerto, 
sonatas, suites and small pieces (Re- 
veries, etc.), a sonata and a suite for 
violin and piano, a 'cello sonata, 5 
trios, 5 quartets, 5 string quintets, over- 
tures, 3 symphonies, etc. Ref.: II. 263 
(footnote); III. 9; VI. 168; VH. 176, 
182; VIII. 249; portrait, VL 176. 

HILPERT, [W. Kasimir] Frledrleh 
(1841-1896) : b. Nuremberg, d. Munich; 
'cellist, pupil of Grutzmacher at Leip- 
zig Cons., co-founder and member 
for 8 years of the Florentine Quartet, 
then solo 'cellist at the Vienna Hofoper, 
and finally teacher at the Royal School 
of Music and soloist in the Royal 
court orch., Munich. 

HILTON (1) John: ca. 1593 organist 
and singer at Lincoln, then Cambridge 
(Bac.) ; composer of the 'Faire Oriana' 
in the 'Triumphs of Oriana' (1601) 
and 2 other madrigals of 1610. (2) 
John (1599-1657) : perhaps son of (1) ; 
English composer of sacred and secu- 
lar songs; Mus. Bac, Cambridge, 1626; 



222 



Himmel 

organist of St. Margaret's, Westminster. 
He pub. 'Ayres or Fa-las for Three 
Voices' (1627; repub. by tlie Mus. 
Antiq. Sec, 1844) and 'Catch That 
Catch Can' (1652). His church music 
is pub. in Lowes' 'Choice Psalmes,' 
Rimbault's 'Cathedral Music' and in 
MS. In the British Museum. 

HIIHaiEL., Frledrich HelnTlch 
(1765-1814) : b. Treuenbrietzen, Bran- 
denburg; d. Berlin; pianist and com- 
poser. At first a candidate for the 
ministry, he secured from King Fried- 
rich Wilhelm II a stipend to study 
music in Dresden, with Naumann. His 
compositions brought him an appoint- 
ment as royal chamber-composer, and 
after studying in Italy for two years, 
he prod. 2 operas, II primo navigatore 
(Venice, 1794) and Semiranide (Naples, 
1795). In 1795 he succeeded Reichardt 
as court Kapellmeister in Berlin. In 
1798 he prod, his opera Alessandro in 
St. Petersburg, then lived in Riga, and 
also visited Paris, London, and Vienna. 
After the battle of Jena, he followed 
the court to Pyrniont, went to Cassel 
and Vienna, and finally returned to 
Berlin. He wrote the Italian opera 
Vasco di Gama (Berlin, 1801) ; the oper- 
ettas Frohsinn und Schwdrmerei (1801) ; 
Fanchon, das Leiermddchen (1804) ; 
Die Sylphen (1806) ; Der Kobold (Vi- 
enna, 1811) ; an oratorio, a cantata, 
church music, chamber music, etc.; 
also quasi-popular songs {Es kann ja 
nicht immer so bleiben, etc.) Ref.: 
H. 152, 162; V. 229; IX. 82. 

HIIVCKLBY, Allan (1877- ) : b. 
Boston; operatic bass; studied sing- 
ing with (5scar Saenger in New York; 
debut at the Hamburg Municipal 
Theatre; member of the Metropoli- 
tan Opera Co., in New York, since 
1908; sang under Hans Richter in Bay- 
reuth. 

HINCKS, MaTcella. Ref.: (cited on 
Japanese dancing) X. 35. 

HINRICHS (1) Johann Christian 
(b. Hamburg, 1760) ; pub. a history of 
Russian hunting music, while living in 
St. Petersburg. (2) Frledrlcli (1820- 
1892): b. Halle, d. Berlin; son of the 
philosopher H. F. W. Hinrichs ; brother- 
in-law and friend of Robert Franz, 
whose style he imitated in some songs. 
He wrote R. Wagner und die neuere 
Musik (1854). (3) Dfarle H. (1828- 
1891) : d. Halle; wife of (2) ; composer 
of songs. 

HIBTTOIV, Arthnr (1869- ); b. 
Beckenham, Kent, Eng.; studied violin 
and composition at the Royal Academy 
of Music (where he afterwards became 
sub-professor) and under Rheinberger 
at Munich. Composed 2 symphonies, 
an opera Tamara, an orchestral fantasy, 
a suite for violin and piano, a violin 
sonata, a trio, a piano quintet, a dra- 
matic romance. Chant des Yagues for 
'cello and orch., piano pieces and songs. 
H. married Katherlne Goodson, the pi- 
anist. Ref.: m. 427. 



Hitzelberger 

HIPKINS, Alfred James (1826- 
1903): b. Westminster, d. London; 
partner of ISroadwood & Sons from 
1840; expert on old instruments, on 
which he lectured. He wrote 'A Guide 
Through the Loan Collection of Musical 
Instruments in Albert Hall' (1885), 'Old 
Keyboard Instruments' (1887), "Musical 
Instruments, Historic, Rare and Unique' 
(1888), 'A Description and History of 
the Pianoforte and Older Keyboard 
Stringed Instruments' (1896) and 'Do- 
rian and Phrygian' (1903). He was 
also one of the principal collaborators 
on 'Grove's Dictionary.' 

HIPPEAU, Edouard: author of 
Berlioz, I'homme et Vartiste (3 vols., 
1883-85), Berlioz et son temps (1892), 
Henrg VIII et I'opera franeais (a study 
of Saint-Saens in Renaissance fran- 
gaise, 1893). 

HIPPOCRATES. Ref.: V. 55. 

HIRSCH, Karl (1858- ): b. 
Wemding, near Nordlingen; conductor 
and music teacher in Sigmaringen, St. 
Jumier and Munich; conductor of the 
Liedertafel in Mannheim, the Lieder- 
kranz in Cologne, several societies in 
Elberfeld and Heilbronn; director of 
the music school in the latter town; 
since 1909 director of the Liedertafel 
Aurora and the Chorverein at Baden- 
Baden; composer of male choruses 
with orchestra and mixed choruses 
a cappella. 

HIRSCHBACH, Hermann (1812- 
1888) : b. Berlin, d. Leipzig; editor of 
the Musikalisch-ICritisches Repertorium ; 
prolific composer of chamber music, 
symphonies, overtures and 2 operas. 

HIRSCHFEIiD, Robert (1858-1914) : 
b. Moravia, d. Salzburg; studied at 
the Vienna Cons.; teacher of musical 
aesthetics there, from 1884; director of 
the Mozarteum in Salzburg, from 1913; 
author of Das kritische Verfahren 
Hanslicks (1885), a memorial mono- 
graph for the Mozart centenary cele- 
brations (1891), a biography of 
Cimarosa, in the catalogue of the 
Cimarosa Festival, Vienna, 1901; ar- 
ranged Haydn's Apotheker, Mozart's 
Za'ide and Schubert's Der vierjahrige 
Posten for revival in Vienna. 

HIRSCHMANN, Henri (1872- ) : 

b. St. Maude; composer of the operas 
L'amour d la bastille (1897), Love- 
lace (1898), Rolande (1905), Bernani 
(1909), La danseuse de Tanagra (1911), 
La petite Nanon (1913), and the oper- 
ettas Das Schwalbenfest (Berlin, 1904), 
La petite Boheme (1905), La feuille de 
vigne (1907), Ulle. Don Juan (1909), 
La vie joyeuse (1910), Les petits 
itoiles (1911), Les deux princesses 
(1914), also pantomimes and ballets. 

HITZEIiBERGER, Sablna (1755- 
[?]): b. Randersacker ; coloratura so- 
prano; attached to the court of the 
Prince Bishop of WOrzburg; sang for 
a season at the Concerts Spirituels, 
Paris (1776), and for a season at the 
Winter Concerts, Fraiskfort; had many 



223 



Hlawatsch 

successful pupils; her range was 3 
octaves. 

HLAWATSCH, Woizech Ivano- 
vlteh (1849- ) : b. Leditsch, Bo- 
hemia ; studied in the Paris School for 
Organists; conducted in Bohemia and 
in St. Petersburg, where he organized 
a students' orchestra. In 1900 he be- 
came organist in the court orchestra. 
His compositions are orchestral works, 
pianoforte pieces, choruses, etc., also 
a comic opera. 

HOBBS. J. William (1799-1877) : b. 
Henley, d. Croydon; teuor and com- 
poser. 

HOBRECHT (or Obreoht, Obreht, 
Oljertus, Hobertu.s), Jakob (ca. 1430- 
ca. 1506): b. Utrecht, Antwerp; one of 
the most eminent composers of the 
Netherland school; chapel-master at 
Utrecht Cathedral, 1465, at Notre-Dame, 
Antwerp, 1492, and , chaplain in 1494. 
He wrote numerous masses, motets, 
hymns, to be found in various col- 
lections of the period, in MS. in the 
Munich Royal Library, and in the ar- 
chives of the Papal chapel. A Missae 
Obreht (1503), containing the masses 
Je ne demande, Grecorum, Fortuna 
desperata, Malheur me bat. Salve diva 
parens y was printed by Petrucci; also 
the mass Si dedero (in Missae diver- 
sorum, vol. I). Ref.: I. 248, 251; VI. 
48. 

HOCHBERG, [Hans Heinrlcli 
XIV] Bolko, Count von (1843- ) : 
b. Castle Fiirstenstein, Silesia; aban- 
doned statesmanship for music; main- 
tained a private string quartet and 
founded the Silesian music festivals, 
1876. He became Royal general in- 
tendant of the drama in Berlin, and 
retired to his Castle Rohnstock, 1903. 
He composed a singspiel, a romantic 
opera, 2 symphonies, chamber music, 
songs, and choruses, all of considerable 
merit. 

HOCMELLB, Edmond (1824-1895) : 
b. Paris, d. Asnieres, near Paris ; music 
critic who used the pseudonym Edmond 
de Bussy. 

HODGES (1) EdTcard (1796-1867): 
b. Bristol, d. Clifton; organist at Bris- 
tol, Toronto, Can., and New York (St, 
John's Chapel and Trinity Church) ; 
Mus. D., Cambridge, 1825. He returned 
to England in 1863, wrote an essay on 
the cultivation of church music, con- 
tributed to the 'Quarterly Musical Mag- 
azine* and the 'Musical World'; also 
composed church music. (2) Faustina 
Hasse (d. New York, 1895) : daughter 
of ( 1 ) ; organist of churches in Phila- 
delphia and composer. (3) John Se- 
bastian Bacli: son of (1); rector of 
St. Paul's, Baltimore, and organist. 

HODGKINSON (1) Francis (18th 
cent.) : Early American operatic pro- 
moter. Ref.: IV. 111. (2) John (18th 
cent.) : founder of the Columbian An- 
acreontic Soc. (New York). Ref.: IV. 
90. 

HOBCKH, Karl (1707-1772) : b. 



HoSmaua 

Ebersdorf, near Vienna, d. Zerbst; ac- 
companied Franz Benda to Warsaw, 
where they were both engaged; then 
became concert-master in Zerbst. He 
composed among other works sym- 
phonies, violin concertos, violin solos, 
also Partieen for 2 violins and bass 
(7 pub.). Among his pupils was 
F. W. Rust. 

HOFFMANN (1) Encharins (16th 
cent.): b. Heldburg, Franconia; cantor, 
etc., in Stralsund; pub. musical trea- 
tises in Latin (1582-1584), etc.; also 
German (4-part) settings of psalms of 
David, etc. (2) Leopold (1730-1793) : 
b,. Vienna, d. there ; chapel-master at 
St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna (where 
Mozart was for a time his assistant) ;. 
prolific composer of church music 
(masses, graduals, offertories, etc.), 
also symphonies, concertos, trios, etc., 
which were among the first Viennese 
compositions influenced by the style of 
the Mannheim School, and which ri- 
valled Haydn's early works in popu- 
larity. (3) Ernst Tbeodor [Amadens] 
Wlllielni (Amadeus being added by 
him because of his love of Mozart), 
(1776-1882): b. Konigsberg, d. Berlin; 
poet, composer and caricaturist; stud- 
ied law, and music with the organist 
Podbielskl; became assessor at Posen, 
but was removed to Plozk in 1802 for 
offensive caricaturing; secured a posi- 
tion at Warsaw in 1803 and was forced 
to teach music after reverses caused 
by the war. In 1808 he was made con- 
ductor at the Bamberg theatre, and 
later of the orchestra of Sekonda's 
Schauspielergesellschaft in Leipzig and 
Dresden. Meanwhile he wrote whim- 
sical articles for the Allgemeine masi- 
kalische Zeitung under the pen-name of 
'Kapellmeister Johannes Kreisler,' which 
were repub. as Phantasiesiiicke in Cat- 
lot's Manier, with preface by Jean Paul 
Richter (2 vols., 1814). During the 
last 6 years of his life H. was engaged 
in a judicial capacity in Berlin. Among 
his admirers were Beethoven, Weber, 
Schumann, and Carlyle. He composed 
several operas, incl. Undine (Berlin, 
1816), a ballet, incidental music to 
plays, a mass. Miserere, and other vo- 
cal works ; also a symphony, an over- 
ture, a quintet for harp and strings, 
piano sonatas, etc. Ref.: II. 308ff, 
379; Vn. 218, 232; IX. 96. (4) Hein- 
ricli August (Hoffmann Ton Fallers- 
leben) (1798-1874) : b. Fallersleben, 
Hanover; d. Castle Korvei; poet and 
philologist who pub. a history of Ger- 
man church song (1832), also Schle- 
sische Volkslieder mit Melodien (with 
E. Richter, 1842) : Deutsches Volks- 
Gesangbuch (1848) ; Deutsche Gesell- 
schaftslieder des 16.-11. Jahrhunderts 
(1844), and Kinderlieder (1843, fre- 
quently republished and supplement- 
ed). His complete works were pub. 
in 8 vols., 1890-91. (5) Richard An- 
drews (Hoffmann - Andrews) (1831- 
1891) : b. Manchester; pianist; went to 



224 



Hoflmeister 

New York In 1847, where he first 
played Thalberg's Sonnambula fan- 
tasia in public, and later appeared fre- 
quently at the Philharmonic concerts. 
He also taught the piano and composed 
a number of piano pieces. (6) Karl 
(1872- ) : b. Prague; pupil of Benne- 
witz at the Cons, there; first violinist 
of the Bohemian String Quartet. 

HOFFMEISTBR, Prana; Anton 
(1754-1812): b. Rotenburg, d. Vienna; 
founded, with A. Kiihnel, the Bureau de 
musique (now C. F. Peters) in Leip- 
zig, 1805, but left the firm to return 
to Vienna. He composed 9 operas, 
symphony, serenades, and hundreds of 
pieces for flute, 42 string quartets, 
other chamber music and piano son- 
atas, etc., popular in this time but 
without permanent value. Ref,: H. 
109. 

HOPPS, Friedricli von (1843- ) : 
b. Geldern; composer of songs, male 
choruses (some over his own texts), 
and editor of old Italian madrigals, 
etc., and old German songs. 

HOFHAIMPR (Hofhelmer, Hof- 
beymer), Faulns von (1459-1537) : b. 
Salzburg, d. there; arch-ducal, then 
imperial, court-organist at Innsbruck; 
later cathedral organist at Salzburg, 
and said to have been without a rival 
as a master of his instrument. He is also 
considered one of the most gifted German 
composers of the 15th century, his 4- 
part German songs being found in the 
collections of oglin (1512), EgenolfF 
(1535), Forster (1539); other music In 
MSS. at Berlin. He also set some of 
the Harmonise poetica (odes of Horace, 
etc.), others being set by Senfl (1539, 
repub. 1868). 

HOFMAIVW (1) Helnrlch IKarl Jo- 
bannl (1842- ): b. Berlin; studied 
"with Grell, Dehn, and Wiierst; achieved 
a reputation as pianist and teacher, but 
devoted himself to composition after 
producing successfully an opera. Car- 
touche (1869), a Hungarian Suite for 
orch. (1873), and the 'Frithjof sym- 
phony (1874). His other works include 
the operas Der Matador (Berlin, 1872) ; 
Armin (Dresden, 1872) ; Annchen von 
Oranien (lb., 1882) ; Donna Diana (Ber- 
lin, 1886) ; the comic opera Lully (Stet- 
tin, 1889) ; the secular oratorio Prome- 
theus (1896) ; the cantata Seltg sind die 
Todten (op. 64), and other Important 
choral works (male, female, mixed, with 
soli and orch.) ; part-songs and vocal 
pieces with orch. For orchestra he has 
written 3 Charakterstilcke ; 2 suites 
('Hungarian' and Im Schlosshof) ; a 
Schauspiel-OuvertUre ; Bilder aus Norwe- 
gen; a scherzo, Irrlichter und Kobolde, a 
Serenade for strings and a Trauer- 
marsch; and for piano some fine duets 
and characteristic solo pieces. He also 
wrote a piano quartet, a trio, a Kon- 
zertstuck for flute, an octet, a sextet, a 
string quartet, a 'cello serenade, a vio- 
lin sonata, etc. Ref.: III. 20, 212, 257; 
VI. 203f; VIII. 321f; portrait, VI. 202. 



Hohenemser 

(2) Richard (1844- ): b. Delitzsch; 
violinist in Berlin and In Leipzig, 
where he also directed the Slng- 
akademie, taught, became Royal pro- 
fessor and instructor of instrumen- 
tation at the Cons. He pub. a series 
of methods for various orchestral in- 
struments, also a catechism of musical 
Instruments (6th ed., 1903), a Grosse 
Violintechnik and an important Pra/c- 
tische Instrumentationslehre (1893, Eng- 
lish trans., 1898) ; also compositions for 
piano, for string and wind instruments. 

(3) Josef (1876- ): b. Cracow; pi- 
anist, son of Kasimir H. (composer of 
operettas), appeared as 'wonder child* 
in Europe and America, where he 
found a wealthy patron; then became 
pupil of Moszkowskl and Rubinstein 
and d' Albert; toured Europe and Amer- 
ica successfully many times ; also com- 
posed a piano concerto and smaller 
piano pieces. 

HOFMANNSTHAl,, Hugo von. I 
contemporary German author; libret- 
tist of operas by Richard Strauss. 
Ref.: V. 331; IX. xv, 436, 439. 

HOFMBISTEIR (1) Friedricli 
(1782-1864) : b. Strehlen, d. near Leip- 
zig; founder of a music publishing 
house (bearing his name) in Leipzig, 
1807, and editor of the Musikalisch- 
literarische Monatsbericht, a list of all 
German music pub. in Germany dur- 
ing the month, which was continued 
by his successors. (2) Adolf (d. 1870) : 
son and successor of (1) ; revised an 
edition of Whistling's "Manual of Mu- 
sical Literature' (to 1843) and Issued 
a n umb er of Supplements, also con- 
tinued by the firm, which was for 
years under the management of Albert 
Rothing (1845-1907). 

HOGARTH, George (1783-1870) : b. 
London; originally an official and mu- 
sical amateur, then critic and historian; 
collaborator on 'Harmonlcon' from 
1830, music editor London Morning 
Chronicle from 1834, music critic of 
the Daily News, 1846-66. He wrote 
'Musical History, Biography and Criti- 
cism' (2 vols., 1835, 1838) ; 'Memoirs 
of the Musical Drama' (1838; 2nd ed., 
'Memoirs of the Opera') ; 'The Philhar- 
monic Society of London, 1813-62' 
(1862), and 'The Life of Beethoven.' 
He was secretary of the London Phil- 
harmonic Soc. and pub. glees and other 
vocal pieces. 

HOHENEIMSEIR, Richard [Hein- 
rlcli.] (1870- ): b. Frankfort-a-M. ; 
studied musical history with Spitta 
and Bellermann in Berlin and musical 
science with Sandberger in Munich; 
author of Luigi Cherubini, sein Leben 
und seine Werke (1913), Vber Pro- 
grammusik (1900), Vber die Volksmu- 
sik in den deutschen Alpenldndern 
(1912), J. BraJims und die Volksmusik 
(1902), Die Kompositionen von Clara 
Wieck-Schumann (1905), Robert Schu- 
mann unter dem Einfluss der Alien 
(1909), and Beethoven als Bearbeiter 



225 



Hohlfeld 

schottischer nnd anderer Volksweisen 
(1910). 

HOHLFELD, Otto (1854-1895) : b. 
Zeulenroda, Vogtland; d. Darmstadt; 
court concert-master, violin virtuoso, 
composer for string instruments and 
pianoforte. 

HOL, Richard (1825-1904) : b. Am- 
sterdam, d. Utreclit; piano teaclier and 
conductor of clioral societies, etc., in 
Amsterdam; cathedral organist and 
director of tlie municipal music school 
in Utrecht; also conductor of concerts 
at The Hague and Amsterdam. He 
was a member of the French Academy 
and otherwise highly honored; also 
highly esteemed as a composer, having 
written 4 symplionies, choral ballads 
(with orchestra), an oratorio David, 2 
operas, masses, Dutch (and some Ger- 
man) songs and other works, over 125 
in all; also a vocal method. He wrote 
criticisms and a monograph on Swee- 
lincli (1859-60) and edited the periodi- 
cal Het orgel to 1900. 

HOLBORNE, Antony (16th cent.) : 
author of a 'Cittharn-School' pub. by 
his brother William in 1597, and con- 
taining pieces for the English guitar 
(in tablature), for violin, and 3-part 
Neapolitan canzonets by H. Other 
pieces by him are in Dowland's *Va- 
rletles of Lute Lessons' (1610). 

HOLBROOKE, Josef (1878- ) : 
b. Croyden; pupil of his father, a mu- 
sician, and at the Royal Acad, of Music, 
where he took several prizes ; toured 
as pianist, conducted various orches- 
tras and his own works in London. 
He prod. 2 operas, 'Pierrot and Pier- 
rette' (1909) and 'The Children of Don' 
(1912) ; also a drama 'Dylan,' a choral 
symphony and several extensive choral 
works; also chamber music and songs. 
Ref.: III. viii, ix, x, xi, xii, i38; VI. 
374f; VIL 589. 

HOLDEN, Oliver (18th cent.) : pub- 
lisher and composer in Charlestown, 
Mass.; wrote the hymn tune 'Corona- 
tion* and many others ; pub. 'The 
American Harmony' (1792). Ref.: IV. 
52, 53. 

HOLDER, William (1614-1697) : b. 
Nottinghamshire, d. London; canon at 
Ely Cathedral, then at St. Paul's, Lon- 
don; wrote 'Elements of Speech' (1669) ; 
also a theory of harmony (1694; 3rd 
ed., 1731, with Gottfried Keller's 'Rules 
for Playing a Thorough Bass'), which 
contains the earliest proof that the 
division of the octave into 53 parts 
affords the clearest exposition of tonal 
relations. 

HOLE, WilHam (early 17th cent.) : 
the earliest English music-printer who 
pub. music engraved on copper ('Par- 
thenia,' 1611, and Prime masiche nuove, 
by Angelo Notari, 1613). 

HOLLANDER (1) Jans (Jean de 
Hollande) : 16th cent, contrapuntist. 
(2) Christian Janszone, son of (1), 
chapel master at Audenarde, 1549-57, 
chapel singer to Emperor Ferdinand 1, 

228 



Holmes 

1559-64. Collections of his works (Ger- 
man sacred and secular songs in 4-8 
parts; Tricinia) were pub. by his 
friend, J. Pilhler, in 1570, etc. ; 40 4- to 
8-part motets are scattered through va- 
rious collections of the 16th cent.; some 
of his pieces were repub. by Commer. 
(3) Benno (1853- ): b. Amsterdam, 
violinist, won first prize at Paris Cons. 
Made concert tours, played viola in 
London orchestras, became concert- 
master of the German opera under Hans 
Richter, giving symphony concerts on 
his own account from 1903. He also 
taught at the Guildhall School of Mu- 
sic, and composed 2 violin concertos, 
a symphony and chamber music. 

HOLLAERTDER (1) Alexis (1840-) : 
b. Ratibor, studied music at the Royal 
Academy, Berlin, taught at Kullak's 
Academy, conducted choral societies 
and became docent at the Humboldt 
Academy. He pub. chamber music, 
piano pieces, songs, and choruses, also 
preparatory exercises for choral sing- 
ing. (2) Gustav (1855- ) : b. Sile- 
sia, violinist, pupil of David and Joa- 
chim; Royal chamber musician at the 
court opera, Berlin, also teacher at 
Kullak's Academy. He toured with 
Carlotta Patti, and established chamber 
music concerts with Xaver Scharwenka 
and H. Griinfeld in Berlin. In 1881 he 
became concert-master of the Gurzenich 
concerts and teacher at the Cons, in 
Cologne, also concert-master at the mu- 
nicipal theatre there and became first 
violin of the 'Professoren' String Quar- 
tet. In 1895 he became director of the 
Stem Cons. He pub. a number of com- 
positions for violin. (3) Viktor 
(1866- ) : brother of (2), was a pupil 
of KuIIak, Kapellmeister at Berlin the- 
atres and composer of a Singspiel, 
operas, piano pieces, etc. 

HOLLINS, Alfred (1865- ) : con- 
temp, blind English organist and com- 
poser for organ. Ref.: VI. 494, 

HOLLMANN, Joseph (1852- ) : b. 
Maestricht; 'cellist; pupil of Servais; 
Royal Dutch chamber musician. 

HOLMES, Ansnsta Mary Anne 
(1847- ) : b. Paris, of Irish parent- 
age. She studied composition with 
Lambert, Klosi, and C^sar Franck after 
making a career as pianist. She wrote 
a psalm. In Exitu (1873) ; a 1-act 'sym- 
phony,' Hero et Liandre (1874) ; an An- 
dante pastoral (1877) ; 3 symphonies 
{Lutece. Les Argonautes and Irlande), 
4 symphonic poems (1883) ; an Ode 
triomphale ; a 4-act lyric drama. La 
montagne noire (Opera, 1895) ; also 
over 100 songs, an allegorical cantata 
and 2 choral 'symphonies.' Two more 
operas are in MS. Ref.: IH. 296; V. 
319; VI. 391. 

HOLMES (1) Edward (1797-1859): 
b. London, d. America; taught music 
in London, was critic of 'The Atlas' and 
wrote 'The Life of Mozart,* Incl. his 
correspondence (1845, etc.), the best 
Mozart life prior to Jahn's; also a vol. 



Hoist 

on contemp. German musicians (1828), 
a biography of Purcell, an analytical 
Mozart catalogue, and miscell. articles. 
(2) William Henry (1812-1885) : b. 
Sudbury, d. London; pianist; pupil of 
the Royal Academy of Music, where he 
later taught, among others, Bennett, 
Macfarren and Davison. He composed 
both vocal and instr. works, but pub. 
little. (3) Alfred (1837-1876) : b. Lon- 
don, d. Paris; violin virtuoso, trained, 
with his brother (4) by his father, 
chiefly by Spohr's method, later Rode, 
Baillot and Kreutzer. The brothers 
appeared with great success in Lon- 
don, Brussels, Germany (tour to Vienna, 
1856), Sweden, Copenhagen, Amster- 
dam and Paris, where Alfred H. set- 
tled. He composed symphonies (*Jeanne 
d'Arc,' 'Shakespeare's Youth,' 'Robin 
Hood,' etc.), overtures ('Cid,' 'The 
Muses') and an opera (not pub.) (4) 
Henry (1839-1905) : b. London, d. San 
Francisco; brother of Alfred (3). Left 
his brother in Paris to return to Lon- 
don by way of Scandinavia, taught at 
the Royal College of Music and ap- 
peared both as soloist and quartet 
player. He composed 5 symphonies, 
a concert overture, a violin concerto, 
2 string quintets, violin solos and 2 
cantatas; and edited sonatas of Corelli, 
Tartini, Bach and Handel. 

HOIiST, Gustave Theodore von 
(1874- ) : b. Cheltenham, England ; 
studied under C. V. Stanford at the 
Royal Academy of Music; musical di- 
rector at Morley College; composed 2 
operas Savitri (1 act). Suite de ballet 
for orch., symphonic pieces, Ave Maria 
for 8 women's voices, women's cho- 
ruses for 'The Vision of Dame Chris- 
tian' (with orch.), 'The Mystic Trum- 
peter* (sop. and orch.), Hynms from 
the Rig Veda (with orch.), etc. Ref.: 
III. 439; VI. 376f. 

HOLSTEIN, Franz [Prledrlch] 
von (1826-1878) : b. Brunswick, d. 
Leipzig; became an army ofQcer, but 
studied musical theory under Richter 
at the Brunswick cadet school. He 
privately prod, an operetta, Zwei Ndchte 
in Venedig (1845), while a lieutenant, 
and after the Schleswig-Hol stein cam- 
paign, wrote the 5-act grand opera, 
Waverlg, whereupon Hauptmann ad- 
vised nim to follow a musical career. 
The latter became his teacher in 1853 
at Leipzig Cons., and he studied further 
while visiting Rome, Berlin and Paris, 
finally settling in Leipzig. He was also 
a poet and artist, and wrote his own 
libretti. He composed the operas Der 
Haideschacht (Dresden, 1868) ; Der 
Erbe von Morleg (Leipzig, 1872) ; Die 
Hochldnder (Mannheim, 1876) ; and 
Marino Faliero (unfinished), also 2 
overtures, a scene for soprano solo 
with orch.; a trio and other chamber- 
music; part-songs and solo songs. A 
vol. of his poems was published post- 
humously. H. left a valuable legacy 
for the benefit of indigent and de- 



Homer 

serving music students. Ref.: III. 256. 

HOLTBR, Iver (1850- ) : b. Gaus- 
dal, Norway; pupil of Svendsen and the 
Leipzig Cons. He became Grieg's suc- 
cessor as conductor of the Bergen Har- 
monic, later became conductor of the 
Christiania Musical Society, and of 2 
choral societies ; also taught at the Cons. 
He pub. a symphony and other orches- 
tral pieces, a violin romanza with or- 
chestra, string quartet, cantatas with 
orchestra, piano pieces, etc. 

HOL,YOKE, Samuel (1771-1816) : b. 
Boxford, Mass., d. Concord, N. H. ; 
teacher and composer of the hymn-tune 
'Arnheim' and many similar pieces. 
Ref.: IV. 52f. 

HOLZ, Karl (1798-1858): b. Vienna, 
d. there; was Beethoven's trusted 
friend in business matters. An official 
in the finance department; he was also 
a good violinist; was member of the 
Bohemian quartet, 2nd violinist of the 
Schuppanzigh quartet in 1825, and later 
conductor of tlie 'Spiritual' concerts in 
Vienna. Ref.: VII. 521 (footnote). 

HOLZBAUBR, Ignaz (1711-1783) : 
b. Vienna, d. Mannheim. He was in- 
tended for a lawyer but taught himself 
music secretly with the aid of Fux's 
Gradus ad Parnassum. Following its 
author's advice, he went to Italy, but 
owing to illness was obliged to return, 
and became Kapellmeister to Count Rot- 
tal in Moravia, at the Vienna Hofthea- 
ter in 1745, at Stuttgart in 1750, and 
at Mannheim in 1753. He prod, sev- 
eral operas in Rome (1756), Turin 
(1757), and Milan (1759). His works, 
which were highly esteemed and eulo- 
gized by Mozart, include 11 Italian op- 
eras, a German opera, Giinther von 
Schwarzburg (Mannheim, 1776) ; 5 ora- 
torios, 26 masses with orch. (1 Ger- 
man) ; 37 motets ; 196 instrumental sym- 
phonies, 18 string quartets and 13 con- 
certos for various instruments. Ref.: 
IL 67. 

HOLZEI, (1) Karl (1808-1883): b. 
Lini, d. Pesth; singing teacher and 
song composer. (2) Gnstav (1813- 
1883) : b. Pesth, d. Vienna ; basso 
buffo at the Vienna Opera; composer 
of Mein Liebster ist im Dorf der 
Schmied, and other songs well known 
in Germany. 

HOLZL, Franz Serapb (1808-1884) : 
b. Malaczka, Hungary, d. Fiinkkirchen ; 
composer of church music and an ora- 
torio, 'Noah.' 

HOIHER, the Greek poet. Ref.: I. 
92; IX. 184; X. 52, 53f, 56f, 57, 65. 

HOMER (1) Sidney (1864- ) : b. 
Boston; studied with George W. Chad- 
wick and at Royal Cons., Munich, under 
Joseph Rheinberger; composer of nu- 
merous songs. Ref.: IV. 435f. (2) Lioolse 
[DllTrorth Beatty] : b. Pittsburgh; 
contemp. American operatic contralto; 
made d^but in Paris (1898), and has 
sung in London, Brussels and New York 
(Metropolitan Opera House). Ref.: 
IV. 148; portrait, IV. 144, 



227 



Homeyer 

HOMBYEIR, PanI Josepb Marta 

(1853-1908): b. Osterode, d. Leipzig; 
studied at the Leipzig Cons, and at 
Duderstadt; toured Austria and Italy 
as organ virtuoso; organist at tlie 
Gewandhaus and teacher of organ and 
theory at the Cons., Leipzig; author 
Tvith R. Schwalm of a method for or- 
gan; pub. editions of the organ works 
of J. S. Bach, Mendelssohn and Schu- 
mann. 

HOMILIUS (1) Gottfried August 
(1714-1785) : b. Rosenthdl, Saxony, d. 
Dresden. He was a pupil of J. S. Bach, 
and the teacher of J. A. Hiller; organist 
in Dresden, then cantor of tlie Kreuz- 
schule and musical director of the three 
principal churches in Dresden; highly 
esteemed as church composer, haying 
written 2 Passions, 1775, a Christmas 
oratorio, cantatas, motets, chorales, etc., 
also a school of thorough-bass. (2) 
Frledrich (1813- ) : b. Saxony; cele- 
brated Waldhorn player; member of 
a Dresden band, then first homist of 
the Imperial Theatre Orchestra at St. 
Petersburg, professor at the Cons, there, 
and for over 25 years director of the 
Philharmonic Society. (3) Louis (1845- 
1908) : b. St. Petersburg, d. there, son 
of (2), pupil of his father and Anton 
Rubinstein, also of Davidoff in 'cello ; 
'cellist and pianist; organist of St. 
Peter and St. Paul's, 'cellist in the Im- 
perial Theatre Orchestra, organ pro- 
fessor at the Cons, and composer of 
choruses, songs, piano pieces, etc. 

HONAUER, licontl (18th cent.) : 
Paris composer of sonatas said to have 
served as models for Mozart. Ref.: II. 
102. 

HOOK, James (1746-1827) : b. Nor- 
wich, d. Boulogne; organist and com- 
poser. He was musical director at 
Marylebone Gardens, London, 1769-73, 
at Vauxhall Gardens, 1774-1820; organ- 
ist at St. John's, Horsleydown, for a 
long period. He wrote 2,000 songs, of 
which 'Within a Mile of Edinboro' 
town' and 'Sweet Lass of Richmond 
Hill' are still remembered; catches, 
cantatas; an oratorio, 'The Ascension' 
(1776) ; operas, piano sonatas, organ 
concertos, rondos, transcriptions, and 
an instruction-book for piano. Ref.: 

V. 172. 

HOOK & HASTINGS (19th cent.): 
American organ builders. Ref.: VI. 497. 

HOOKER, Brian, contemp. Ameri- 
can poet and librettist. Ref.: VI. 380. 

HOPE-JONES, Robert (1859-1914) : 
b. Hooton Grrange, Cheshire, d. Roches- 
ter, N. Y.; member of the British In- 
stitute . of Electrical Engineers ; and of 
the Royal College of Organists; built 
electrical organs of the highest type 
which were installed in many parts of 
the world. His American factory was 
sold to the Wurlitzer Co. In 1910. Ref.: 

VI. 410f. 

HOPEKIRK, Helen: b. Edinburgh; 
contemp. pianist and composer; studied 
in Edinburgh, Leipzig, Vienna and 



Horn 

Paris; d^but at Gewandhaus, Leipzig; 
gave concerts in Europe and United 
States, where she resides (Boston) ; 
has composed a Konzertstilck for piano 
and orchestra, a piano concerto, other 
pieces for piano and orchestra, and 
numerous songs. Ref.: IV. 405. 

HOPKINS, Edward John (1818- 
1901): b. Westminster, d. London; 
studied musical theory with T. F. 
Walnusley, being self-taught as an or- 
ganist^ He was organist in various 
London churches and composed a num- 
ber of meritorious church compositions 
(anthems, services, hymn-tunes and 
chants), which are still favorites. He 
wrote 'The Organ: Its History and Con- 
struction,' a standard work, pub. in 
London, in conjunction with Dr. Rim- 
bault's 'History of the Organ' (3 edi- 
tions: 1855, 1870, 1877), edited Rennet's 
madrigals and other English music, also 
the musical portion of the Temple 
Church Choral Service. Ref.: VI. 476. 

HOPKINSON (1) Francis, the cele- 
brated American lawyer, statesman, 
poet, painter and inventor (1737-1791) : 
b. Philadelphia; was one of the two 
first composers of American birth (the 
other being James Lyon, q. v.). He 
composed songs with harpsichord ac- 
companiment, etc., and otherwise 
showed deep interest in music. He also 
improved the harpsichord, his experi- 
ments becoming known in Europe 
(though not in connection with his 
name) , constructed a keyboard for 
Franklin's musical glasses and invented 
a curious bell instrument which he 
called 'Bellarmonica.' Ref.: IV. 46fl, 
69, 71, 85. (2) Joseph (1770-1842) : 
American writer of patriotic verses, etc. 
Ref.: IV. 324f. 

HOPPE, Johann Ferdinand (19th 
cent.): Danish ballet dancer. Ref.: X. 
164. 

HORAK (1) 'Wenzel Emanuel 
(1800-71) : b. Mscheno-Loves, Bohemia, 
d. Prague; choirmaster in Prague; 
composer of 10 instrumental masses, a 
vocal naass, a mass and a Requiem for 
men's voices, a Passion, and motets; 
author of a treatise on harmony. (2) 
Eduard (1839-1892) and Adolf (1850- 
92), brothers: both born in Bohemia; 
founders and, until 1892, principal 
teachers of the Horak piano schools in 
Vienna, now conducted by Franz Brixel; 
pub. jointly a Piano Method (2 vols.) 
and each separately a pedagogical work 
on piano playing. 

HORACE, the Roman poet. Ref.: 
(cited) X. 72. 

HORN (1) Johann Kaspar (17th 
cent.): b. in Feldsberg, Austria; Dr. 
jur. in Dresden; was one of the first to 
reform the German dance suite accord- 
ing to French taste. He pub. Parergpn 
[Masikalisches Nebenwerk^ for 2 vio- 
lins, 2 violas, violin and continuo (6 
parts, 1664-76) containing Sonatinas, 
AUemandes, Courantes, Ballets, Sara- 
bandes, Gigues; also choral works in 



228 



Hombostel 

varying number of parts, with instru- 
ments. (2) Carl Friedrlch (1762- 
1830): b. Nordhausen, d. Windsor; be- 
came music teacher to Queen Charlotte 
and the English Princesses, then organ- 
ist at St. George's Chapel, Windsor. He 
pub. piano sonatas, variations for piano 
and flute or violin and a Thorough-bass 
Method. Ref.: VI. 473. (3) Charles 
ISdward (1786-1849) : b. London, d. 
Boston; son of (2); opera singer and 
composer in London, then teacher and 
music dealer in New York; prod, his 
opera, 'The Maid of Saxony,' in 1842. 
Later he became conductor of the Han- 
del and Haydn Society. He wrote 26 
English musical comedies, 3 oratorios, a 
cantata, canzonets, glees and songs. (4) 
August (1825-1893) : b. Freiberg (Sax- 
ony) ; well known as arranger of sym- 
phonies, opera scores, etc., for piano 4 
and 8 hands ; composed an opera, or- 
chestral pieces and pub. piano pieces, 
songs and part-songs. (5) Michael 
(1859- ) : Benedictine monk in the 
Abbey of Seckau; abbey organist and 
musical leader of the Abbey at Mared- 
sous. He pub., a collection of ecclesias- 
tical organ works, and composed 
masses, motets, preludes and an organ 
accompaniment to the Ordinarlam 
Missae. He also edited the Gregorian- 
ische Rundschau and has written on 
the Gregorian chant in German and 
French. (6) CamlUo (1860- ) : b. 
Reichenberg, Bohemia, pupil of Bruck- 
ner; critic, chorus conductor and com- 
poser in Vienna. He has written a 
symphony, orchestral scherzo, piano 
pieces, male and mixed choruses, vocal 
scenes with orchestra melodrames, 
songs, etc. 

HORNBOSTE:!., Erlet M. Ton 
(1877- ) : noted psychologist and mu- 
sical scientist; investigated the psychol- 
ogy and music of the North American 
Indian (Pawnees) and wrote on the 
tonal system of the Japanese, pub. 
phonographic records of Turkish, In- 
dian, American Indian, and Tunisian 
melodies, etc., and wrote on the har- 
monic possibilities of exotic melodies 
(1905-06). 

HORNEMAN (1) Johan Ole Bmll 
(1809-1870): b. Copenhagen, d. there; 
popular Danish song composer. (2) 
Emil Christian (1841- ) : b. Copen- 
hagen; son of (1); composer of an 
opera, overtures, songs; he conducted 
a music school and founded the Con- 
cert Society in Copenhagen. 

HORNSTEIN, Robert Ton (1833- 
1890): b. Donaueschingen, d. Munich; 
studied at the Leipzig Cons.; lived in 
Munich and was a friend of Wagner, 
Schopenhauer, etc.; composer of the 
operas Adam nnd Eva and Der Dorf- 
advocat, incidental music to Shake- 
speare's 'As You Like It' and Mosen- 
thal's Deborah, many songs, etc. 

HORSJLEY (1) William (1774-1858) : 
b. London, d. there; founder of the 
glee club Concentores Sodales; Mus. 



Hotteterre 

Bac, Oxon. ; organist in London 
churches. He pub. 'Vocal Harmony' 
(5 vols, of glees and madrigals by 
Arne, Battishill, Webbe, etc.) ; 40 can- 
ons, songs, sonatas, etc., editor Cal- 
cott's Glees and revised Byrd's Can- 
tiones sacrae* (2) Charles Edward 
(1822-1876): b. London, d. New York; 
son and pupil of (1), also studied 
with Moscheles, Hauptmann and Men- 
delssohn ; lived in Melbourne and the 
United States. He composed 3 ora- 
torios ('Gideon,' 'David,' and 'Joseph'), 
an ode for chorus and orch., music for 
Milton's 'Comus,' piano pieces, etc., and 
wrote a Harmony manual. 

HORWITZ (1) Benno (1855-1904) : 
b. Berlin, d. there; studied at the 
Royal High School, with Kiel and with 
Becker; composer of chamber music, 
songs, and choral works. (2) Karl 
(1884- ): b. Vienna; studied at the 
Univ. and with Arnold Schonberg; Ka- 
pellmeister at various small theatres 
and, since 1911, of the German National 
Theatre In Prague; co-editor with G. 
Adler and Riedel of Vol. XV^ (Monn) 
of the Denkmdler Osterr. Tonkunst. 

HOSEL., Kurt (1862- ) : b. Dres- 
den; studied at the Cons, there and 
with Schulz-Beuthen ; conductor of a 
society at Burgsteinf urt ; Kapellmeister 
in Freiburg and Breslau; assistant to 
Levi at Bayreuth, 1892; started Wag- 
ner concerts in Dresden, 1895, and 
founded the Philharmonic Choir; di- 
rector of the Dreysslg Singakademle 
and teacher of opera and orchestra 
classes at the Cons.; composer of cho- 
ral works, songs, and the opera Wie~ 
land der Schmied (1913). 

HOSTINSKY, Otakar (1847-1910) : 
b. Martinoves, Bohemia, d. Prague; 
teacher of the history of music at 
Prague Univ. (later the Bohemian 
Univ.) ; professor of aesthetics there 
from 1892; for several years teacher 
of musical history at the Prague Cons. ; 
author of (in Bohemia) a short biog- 
raphy of Wagner, essays on Gluck, 
Greek music, Berlioz, Bohemian folk 
music and Bohemian composers. Das 
Musikalisch-Schone nnd das Gesamt- 
kunstwerk vom Standpunkt der for- 
malen Xsthettk (1877), Die Lehre von 
den musikalischen Kldngen (1879), 
Ober die Bedeutang der praktischen 
Ideen Herbarts fUr die allgemeine 
Asthetik (1883), Herbarts Xsthetik in 
ihren grandlegenden Teilen, etc. (1890), 
Musik in Bohmen (1894), Volkslied and 
Volkstanz der Slaven (1895) ; also op- 
era texts (in German). 

HOTHBY (Hothobns, Ottcby, Fra 
Ottobi), John (15th cent.) : b. England, 
d. London; during 1467-86 was a highly 
esteemed teacher in the Carmelite Mon- 
astery, St. Martin at Lucca. His tract 
Callioper leghale (in Ital.) is reprinted 
by Coussemaker in Histoire de I'har- 
monie, 3 others in his Scriptores, and 
still others are in MS. at Florence. 

hotteterre:, liouls, sumamed 



229 



Houdard 

Le Romain (17th cent.) : flutist and 
chamber musician to Louis IV and 
Louis V, wrote Principes de la flAte 
traversiire, etc. (1699, frequently re- 
printed), also a hook on preludizing 
■with the flute (1711, 1765) ; composed a 
numher of sonatas, duos, trios, suites, 
etc., for flute. 

HOUDARD, Georges liOnts (I860-) : 
b. NeulUy; noted Investigator and in- 
terpreter of neumes, wrote several books 
on the interpretation of Gregorian 
chants according to neumatic notation, 
rhythm in ancient music, Aristoxenos 
of Tarent, etc.; also composer of church 
music. 

HOVB3N, J. Pseudonym for Vesque 

VON PlJTTLINGEN. 

HOVEY, Mrs. Richard: pioneer in 
modern dance reform. Ret.: X. 195f, 
212, 214. 

HOWGILL, WllHam (18th cent.) : 
English organist and composer. 

H01VLAND, ■William Legrand: con- 
temporary American composer. Ret.: 
IV. 395. 

HOYA, Amadeo Ivon derl (1874-) : 
b. New York; studied music in Berlin; 
toured as violinist and became leader 
in the New "Vork Symphony Orchestra : 
then became concert-master of the Wei- 
mar court opera (1894) and of the 
Llnz Musical Society In 1901. He pub. 
a book on violin technique. 

HftlMAIi^t, Adalbert (1842- ) ; 
b. Pilsen, Bohemia ; violinist, conduc- 
tor and composer; pupil of Mildner at 
the Prague Cons. He became conduc- 
tor of the Gotenburg orch. in 1861, the 
National Theatre, Prague, in 1868, at 
the German Theatre there in 1873, and 
at Czernowitz, Bukowina, in 1875. He 
wrote an opera, Der verzauberte Prinz 
(1871) and Tonale und rhgthmische 
Studien filr die Violine. Ref.: III. 180. 

HUBAY (1) Karl (1828-1885): b. 
Varjas, Hungary, d. Pesth, where he 
was professor at the Musical Acad- 
emy and Kapellmeister at the National 
Theatre. He wrote 4 operas. (2) Jeno 
(known in Germany as Ensen Huber) 
(1858- ) : b. Budapest; violinist; pu- 
pil of Joachim at Berlin; first appeared 
in concerts in Hungary (1876), and 
at a Pasdeloup concert in Paris, estab- 
lished an international reputation. He 
became principal violin professor at 
Brussels Cons, in 1882, and at Pesth 
Cons, in 1886, succeeding his father. 
He composed 3 operas, Der Geigen- 
macher von Cremona (Pesth, 1893) ; 
Alienor (Pesth, 1892) ; A Fala Rossza 
(Der Dorflump) (Budapest, 1896) ; a 
symphony; a Concerto dramatique for 
violin, op. 21 ; Sonate romantique for 
piano and violin; Szenen aus der 
Czdrda (op. 9, 13, 18, 32-34, 41) for 
piano and violin; Les Ftleuses for vio- 
lin and piano, other violin pieces, and 
songs. Ref.: III. 190, 194f; VIL 466; 
mus. ex., XIV. 150; portrait. III. 192. 

HUBER (1) Felix (d. 1810 at Berne) : 
favorite Swiss poet and composer of 



Hucbald 

songs ('Swiss Songs,' etc.). (2) Ferdi- 
nand Ftirchtegott (1791-1863): d. St. 
Gallen, also a favorite Swiss song com- 
poser. (3) Joseph (1837-1886) : b. Sig- 
maringen, d. Stuttgart; pupil of the 
Stem Cons., later under the iniQuence 
of Liszt at Weimar, concert-master 
at Leipzig, and court orchestral player 
at Stuttgart. He wrote 2 operas, 4 
one-movement symphonies, songs, etc. 
He overthrew all classic forms for the 
so-called 'psychological'; and wrote all 
his scores without key signatures. (4) 
Hans (1852- ) : b. Schonewerd, n. 
Olten, Switzerland; pupil of Richter, 
Reinecke, and Wenzel at Leipzig Cons. 
He taught successively at Wesserling 
Thann (Alsatia) and Basel, where he 
became director of the Music School in 
1876. He wrote the operas Weltfriihling 
(Basel, 1894) and Gudrun (Basel, 1896), 
the cantatas Pandora and Anssohnung, 
also Lieder im Volkston (male chorus) ; 
FriXhlingsliebe (7 Lieder), and Stlm- 
mungen (7 Gedichte), violin sonatas 
(op. 18, 42, and 67) ; trios (op. 30, 65) ; 
'cello sonata, op. 33; 2 piano concertos 
(C min. and G maj.) ; violin concerto, 
op. 40; 2 overtures; a Tell symphony, 
op. 63; suite f. piano and violin, Trio- 
Phantasia; Sommernachte (serenade) ; 
suite for piano and 'cello, string quar- 
tets, piano quartet, piano quintet, piano 
sonatas, suites for piano, 2 and 4 
hands, fugues, string quartets, a Wohl- 
temperlertes Clavier for 4 hands, etc. 
Ref.: III. 212; VL 358; VIU. 420. 

HUBERMAlVjr, Bronlslav (1882-) : 
b. Czenstochowa, near Warsaw; stud- 
ied music with Michalowicz, Lotto and 
Joachim; concert violinist who has 
made extensive tours. 

HUBERT, Nicolai Albcrtovitch 
(1840-1888): b. Petersburg, d. Moscow; 
studied with his father and at the 
St. Petersburg Conservatory; director in 
Kieff, opera conductor in Odessa, pro- 
fessor and director at Moscow Con- 
servatory; writer and critic on Moscow 
journals. 

HUBERTI, Gustave L,6on (1843-) : 
b. Brussels; studied music at the Brus- 
sels Conservatory, where he won the 
Prix de Rome; directed the Mons Con- 
servatory, taught and conducted in Ant- 
"werp and Brussels ; composed oratorios, 
a symphony, orchestral suite, piano 
concerto, ballads, hymns, etc. Ref.: 
VL 392. 

HUBERTY: member of the court or- 
chestra of Paris in 1750, and the first 
publisher of many Mannheim composi- 
tions. 

H1JB1VER, Jean (1696- ) : b. War- 
saw; studied with Rosetti in Vienna; 
court director and musician in Moscow; 
founded the court and chamber orches- 
tra. 

HUCBAIiD (or Hugbaldns, Ubal- 
dus, Uchubaldus) (ca. 840-932 [930?]) : 
d. St.-Amaud, near Tournay. He was 
a pupil of his uncle Milo, at the St. 
Amand monastery. Owing to the lat- 

230 



Hudoy 

ter's jealousy, he retired to Nevers, and 
established a singing school at the age 
of 20, but succeeded his uncle at St. 
Amand in 883. He was called by the 
Archbishop of Bheims to reestablish 
the old church-schools In the diocese 
■with Rimi d'Auxerre, about 893, re- 
turning to St.-Amand upon the death 
of the Archbishop. H. wrote Harmon- 
ica tnstitntio or Liber de musica, which 
contains the earliest known examples 
of notation indicating the rising and 
falling of pitch in a practical manner. 
Parallel lines are employed, and the 
distances of whole notes and semitones 
shown at the beginning (by s-semitonum 
or t-tonus). De Harmonica institutione, 
Musica enchiriadis. Alia musica (frag- 
ments), Commemoratio brevis de tonis 
et psalmis modulandis are writings as- 
cribed to him and pub. in Gerbert's 
Scriptores (vol. I.). Ref.: I. 162ff; VI. 
2, 18. 

HUDOY, Jnles: president of the 
Society of Arts and Sciences at Lille ; 
wrote an 'Artistic History of Canabrai 
Cathedral' (Paris, 1880), containing val- 
uable material on the music of the 
15th cent. 

HUDSOIV (1) Robert (1731-1815) : d. 
Eton; singer, organist and composer. 
(2) Mary, daughter of Robert, organist 
and composer. 

HUE, Georges Adolphe (1858- ) : 
b. Versailles; studied at the Conserva- 
toire, where he took prix de Rome, 
1879, and Prix Cressent, 1881; produced 
Le roi de Paris (1901), 'Titanic' (1903), 
an operetta Les pantins (1881), a pan- 
tomime CcEur brisi, a symphonic leg- 
end and a symphonic overture, cho- 
ruses, songs, etc., also a 'sacred 
episode' ResuTrection (1892). Ret.: V. 
319. 

HUBFPBR, Francis (1845-1889) : b. 
Munster, d. London, where he became 
music critic of The Times in 1878. He 
pub. a critical edition of the works 
of the troubadour Gillem de Cabestanh, 
as dissertation for Dr. phil., Gottingen; 
also wrote on Richard Wagner (1874) ; 
'The Troubadours,' 'Musical Studies' 
(1880), 'Italian and Other Studies' 
(1884), 'Half a Century of Music in 
England" (1889, 1898). He pub. a col- 
lection of his articles in The Times, 
translated the correspondence of Liszt 
and Wagner into English, and ed. a col- 
lection of musicians' biographies pub. 
by Novello. He also wrote the texts 
of Mackenzie's 'Colomba' and 'Trouba- 
dour,' and Cowen's 'Sleeping Beauty.' 

HUG, Gebrlider! a music publishing 
firm, estab. in Zurich, 1807, as an in- 
strument house. It began publishing 
in 1863, when Jacob Emll H. became 
Its head. 

HUGHFS, Rnpert (1872- ) : b. 
Lancaster, Mo.; contemp. author; has 
written 'Contemporary American Com- 
posers' (1900, new ed., 1916), 'The Mu- 
sical Guide' (1903), 'Music Lovers' Cy- 
clopedia' (1914) and many successful 



Hiillah 

novels and plays; also composed songs. 
Ref.: (citations, etc.) XL 331; IV. 337, 
342, 353, 405, 433f, 459. 

HUGO, Victor, the French author. 
Ref.: H. 244, 486; V. 259f; VII. 318; IX. 
348, 385 413, 482; portrait, V. 200. 

HUGO VON REUTLINGEN (H. 
Spechtshart, priest at Reutlingen) 
(1285 [or '861-1359 [or '60] ) : wrote a 
chronicle of the migrations of the Scourg- 
ing Friars in 1349, the year of the pest, 
in which the melodies of the Friar's 
songs are noted (pub. 1899 by Paul 
Runge). A "w^ell-known tract, with com- 
mentary, entitled Flores musicae omnis 
cantus Gregoriani appeared in Strass- 
burg In 1488 (repub. in German trans., 
1868). 

HUGOT, A. (1761-1803) : b. Paris, d. 
there; solo flutist at the Italian opera, 
and later a member of the music corps 
of the National Guard and finally flute 
teacher at the Cons.; prepared the ofH- 
cial flute method of the Cons.; pub. 6 
flute concertos, sonatas, duets, trios, 

HUHIV (1) Charlotte (1868- ) : b. 
Liineburg; studied with Hoppe, Hiller 
and Hey; concert and operatic alto in 
Berlin, New York, Cologne, Dresden, 
Munich, etc. ; singing teacher in the 
Arch-ducal Music School in Weimar. 
(2) Brnno [Siegfried] (1871- ) : b. 

London; studied with Sophie Taun- 
ton, Mills and Alberti ; concert pianist 
and accompanist in Europe and New 
York; composed songs and church mu- 
sic. Ref.: IV. 355. 

HULL, Alexander (1887- ) : b. 
Columbus, O. ; studied "with Clarke, 
Brandt, Preston and Turpin; Mus. B., 
University of Pennsylvania; teacher in 
Oregon and composer of suites for or- 
chestra, 'cello works, songs, etc. Ref.: 
IV. 440f. 

HULLAH, John Pyke (1812-1884) : 
b. Worcester, d. London; studied at the 
Royal Academy of Music; made a name 
as opera composer ('The Village Co- 
quettes' [libretto by Charles Dickens], 
'The Barbers of Bassora' and 'The Out- 
post'). In 1841 he opened a Singing 
School for Schoolmasters at Exeter 
Hall, in which the French system of 
Wllhem, which H. had modified to 
suit English requirements, was taught. 
No less than 25,000 persons passed 
through it, and in 1847 St. ]Vlartin's 
Hall was erected for him by admirers 
for the public performances of his pu- 
pils. (It was burned in 1860.) H. was 
professor of singing at King's College 
(1844-74) and later at Queen's and Bed- 
ford Colleges. In 1858 he became or- 
ganist; conducted the R. A. M. con- 
certs, 1870-73; and for several years 
the annual concert of the Metropolitan 
school-children at the Crystal Palace, 
becoming inspector of training schools 
in 1872. H. edited Wilhem's 'Method 
of Teaching Singing, Adapted to Eng- 
lish Use' and some valuable collections 
of vocal music. He pub. a 'Grammar 



231 



HuUer 

of Vocal Music'; 'Grammar of Har- 
mony'; 'Grammar of Counterpoint'; 
'The History of Modern Music' (1862) ; 
'The Third Transition Period of Musi- 
cal History' (1865) ; 'The Cultivation 
of the Speaking Voice' ; 'Music in the 
House' (1877) ; and many historical and 
scientific musical essays, pub. in vari- 
ous periodicals. He also composed mo- 
tets, anthems, concerted vocal music, 
and many songs, of "which 'The Storm' 
and 'Three Fishers' are still popular. 
Be/.; I. 256. 

HVLLBR, J. A. See Hilleb. 

HtJLLMANDEL,, Nikolaus Joseph 
(1751-1823): b. Strassburg, d. London; 
studied with Ph. Em. Bach in Ham- 
burg; pianist; teacher for ten years in 
Paris, "where he introduced the German 
manner of playing; "went to London 
after the Revolution; pub. 12 piano 
trios, 14 violin sonatas with piano, 6 
sonatas for piano solo, a divertisse- 
ment, 2 airs with variations, etc. 

HtJLIiWECK, Ferdinand (1824- 
1887) : b. Dessau, d. Blasewitz, near 
Dresden; studied with Schneider; as- 
sistant conductor of the Dresden Royal 
Chapel; teacher in Dresden Conserva- 
tory, violinist and composer for vio- 
lin. 

HtJLSKAMP, Henry (originally 
Gustav Helnricli): b. Westphalia; 
founded a pianoforte factory in Troy, 
New York, 1850, removing his plant to 
New York City in 1866. His symmetri- 
cal grand pianos received prizes in 
New York and London (1857, 1862). 

HUMBERT, Georges (1870- ) : 
b. St. Croix, Switzerland; was educated 
in Geneva and attended the Leipzig 
and Brussels Cons., also the Royal High 
School, Berlin; became instructor of 
musical history at the Geneva Cons., 
also organist and choirmaster at Notre 
Dame there. In 1893 he became director 
of the orchestral society at Lausanne. 
He edited the Gazette musicale de la 
Suisse Romande, 1894-96, and trans- 
lated Riemann's Musik-Lexikon (1896- 
99) ; also that writer's 'Symplifled Har- 
mony' (1899) and 'Elements of Musical 
Esthetics.' He wrote Notes pour servir 
a Vetude de Vhistoire de la musique 
(1st vol., 1904). 

HUMBERTON, F. W.: contemp. 
English choral composer. Ref.: VI. 
379. 

HTJME, Tobias (17th cent.) : English 
performer on the viol da gamha. 

HUMFREY (or Hiunpliry, or Hnm- 
plirys), Pelham (1647-1674) : b. Lon- 
don, d. Windsor; chorister in Chapel 
Royal ; studied with Lully in France, 
and in Italy; Gentleman of Chapel 
Royal, Master of Children and com- 
poser to the 'Violins to His Majesty'; 
wrote anthems (pub. in Boyce's Cathe- 
dral Music) and other church music 
(pub. in Harmonia sacra, 1714), secu- 
lar songs (in 'Ayres, Songs and Dia- 
logues,' 1678-84, and H. S. Smith's 
Musica antiqua). H. is one of the emi- 



Hummel 

nent early English composers. Ret,: 
I. 385; V. 168f; VL 133; IX. 28. 

HUMISTOW, Virilllam Henry 

(1869- ): b. Marietta, Ohio; studied 
piano with W. S. B. Matthews, organ 
with Clarence Eddy, and composition 
with MacDowell ; organist in Chicago,- 
Lake Forest, East Orange, N. J., and 
Rye, N. Y., till 1909; toured as orches- 
tral conductor; composer of a 'South- 
ern Fantasy' for orchestra, a suite for 
orchestra, an overture to 'Twelfth 
Night,' vocal works, songs, etc. Ref.: 
IV. 311, 430f; mus. ex., XIV. 267. 

HUMMEL. (1) Joseph H., music 
master of the Wartburg military school, 
and conductor of Schikaneder's theatre 
in Vienna, from 1786. (2) Johann 
Nepomuk (1778-1837) : b. Pressburg, d. 
Weimar; pianist and composer, son of 
Joseph (1). When his father con- 
ducted in Schikaneder's theatre, H. 
aroused the interest of Mozart, who 
took him into his house and instructed 
him for two years and in 1787 gave a 
concert at wliich H. made his d^but. 
During 1788-93 he toured Germany, 
Denmark, Scotland, England, and Hol- 
land as pianist in the company of his 
father, and then studied counterpoint 
with Albrechtsberger in Vienna, receiv- 
ing advice from Salieri and Haydn, for 
whom he acted as deputy Kapellmeister 
on Prince Esterhdzy's estate. He taught 
fnd composed in Vienna till 1816, when 
he became Kapellmeister at Stuttgart, 
and in 1819 at Weimar. Meantime he 
visited St. Petersburg, Belgium and 
Holland, Vienna, Warsaw, and again 
France on professional tours, also Lon- 
don, where he conducted a season of 
German opera at the King's Theatre. 
During his last years he suffered from 
ill-health. He was one of the most 
celebrated pianists and improvisors of 
his time, even rivalling Beethoven for 
a time. He composed 124 works, dis- 
tinguished for fine construction and 
brilliancy. They include 4 operas, 
cantatas, ballets, 3 masses, a Graduale 
and Oflertorium, and many piano com- 
positions, of which 7 concertos and 
some sonatas still count as classics; 
also much concerted music, the septet 
in D min., op. 74, being considered a 
masterpiece; pub. Anweisung zum Pi- 
anofortespiel (1828). Ref.: U. 259, 321; 
VI. 459; VH. 158f, 175f, 183, 254; por- 
trait, VII. 182. (3) Elisabeth (nie 
Rock) (1793-1883): d. Weimar; opera 
singer. (4) Ferdinand (1855- ) : b. 
Berlin; appeared as harpist at the age 
of 7, and during 1864-67 made tours 
as harp virtuoso. By virtue of a royal 
grant he studied at Kullak's Akademie, 
piano at the Royal High School under 
Rudorff and Grabau, composition at the 
Akademie school under Kiel and Bar- 
giel. He wrote 3 1-act operas, incl. 
Mara (Berlin, 1893; succ.) ; a 3-act op- 
era, Assarpat (Gotha, 1898) ; Sophie 
von Brabant (Darmstadt, 1899), Die 
Beichte (Berlin, 1900), music to dramas 



232 



Humperdinck 

by Wildenbruch, etc.; Marchendichtun- 
gen for solo and 3-part female cho- 
rus: Rumpelstilzchen, Frau. Holle, 
Hansel und Gretel, Die Meerkonigin, 
Die Najaden; an overture, op. 17; Co- 
lumbus and Jung Olaf for soli, chorus 
and orch.; a symphony, 4 'cello sonatas; 
Phantasiestucke for 'cello and piano, 
a concert-fantasia for harp and orch., 
Notturno for 'cello, harp and har- 
monium; quintet; a piano quartet; a 
trio; a violin sonata, a horn sonata, a 
suite for piano, 4 hands; a Konzert- 
stuck, 2 concert polonaises, and other 
pieces for piano, also songs. (5) Jo- 
seph Friedrlch (1841- ) : b. Inns- 
bruck; studied at Munich Cons.; was 
theatre Kapellmeister at Glarus, Aachen, 
Innsbruck, Troppau, Linz, Briinn and 
Vienna from 1861 and from 1880 dir. 
of the Mozarteum, Salzburg, conductor 
of the Liedertafel and teacher at the 
Training College. 

HUMPERDINCK, Bngelbert(1854-) : 
b. in Siegburg, near Bonn. At first 
he studied architecture in Cologne, 
but he was persuaded by Ferdinand 
Hiller to make music his profession. 
He became a pupil of Hiller at the Co- 
logne Cons., also of Gernsheim and 
Jensen in composition, Seiss and Mertke 
in piano, Bensburg and Ehlert in 
'cello. After winning the Mozart schol- 
arship at Frankfort, he studied in Mu- 
nich with Franz Lachner, Rheinberger 
and Barmann, and pub. a Humoreske 
for orch. and Die Wallfahrt nach Kev- 
laar for chorus. H. won the Men- 
delssohn prize (3,000 marks) in 1878, 
Meyerbeer prize (7,600 marks) in 1880, 
visited Italy and France; became pro- 
fessor in Barcelona Cons., 1885-6; then 
taught in Cologne till 1887, and at the 
Hoch Cons., Frankfort, in 1890. As 
protege of Wagner in Bayreuth he as- 
sisted in the staging of Parsifal. His 
fairy-opera. Hansel und Gretel (Wei- 
mar, Dec. 23, Munich, Dec. 30, 1893), 
prod, at Milan, 1897, as Nino e Rita, 
brought H. international renown. It 
was followed by Die sieben Geislein; 
incidental music to Die Konigskinder 
(1896), which was rewritten as a 3-act 
opera and first prod, in New York, 1910; 
and incidental inusic to Der Richter von 
Zalamea (1896) and Maeterlinck's 'The 
Blue Bird.' He also published a Sym- 
phony in C, a Moorish Fhapsody (or- 
chestra), etc. Ref.: 11. 437; III. vlii, x, 
238, 245, 247, 267f; VI. 357; VIII. 275; 
IX. xiv, 318, 421, 425ff; mus. ex., XIV. 
42; portrait, III. 246. 

HUNEKER, James Gibbons (I860-) : 
b. Philadelphia; music critic; studied in 
Philadelphia with Michael Cross and in 
Paris with Theodore Bitter (piano) and 
Leopold Doutreleau (theory) ; teacher 
of piano at National Cons., New York 
(1888-1898) ; music and dramatic critic 
New York 'Recorder' (1891-1895) and 
New York 'Morning Advertiser' (1895- 
1897) ; music, dramatic and ■ art editor, 
Nev/ York 'Sun'; author of 'Mezzotints 



Huss 

in Modern Music' (1899), 'Chopin— The 
Man and His Music' (1900), 'Melo- 
maniacs' (1902), 'Overtones' (1904), 
'Franz Liszt' (1911), etc. Ref.: 

(quoted) IL 501; VL 353. 

HUNGAR, Ernst (1854- ): b. 
Schonbach; studied with Stockhausen; 
baritone and teacher at Conservatories 
of Dresden and Cologne; sang at 
Schwerin court opera. 

HUNKE, Joseph (1801-1883): b. 
Josef stadt, Bohemia, d. St. Petersburg; 
royal choirmaster at tlie latter place; 
composed church music and wrote com- 
position and harmony methods. 

HUNOLD, C. P. (18th cent.) : Ger- 
man Passion writer. Ref.: I. 480. 

HtJNTElV (1) Franz (1793-1878) : b. 
Coblenz, d. there; studied with his 
father and at the Conservatoire; pianist 
and composer of rondos, fantasies, 
pub. a piano method. (2) Wilhelm: 
brother of Franz, teacher of pianoforte 
at Coblenz. (3) Peter Ernst: brother 
of Franz, piano teacher at Duisburg, 
composer in genre style. 

HUREIi DE liAMARE, Jacques 
Michel (1772-1823): b. Paris, d. Caen; 
studied with Duport; 'cellist in Paris 
theatres, in Germany and Russia; pub- 
lished 4 'cello concertos. 

HURKA, Priedrleh Franz (1762- 
1805): b. Merklin, Bohemia, d. Berlin; 
chorister in Prague; tenor in Leipzig 
opera; court tenor in Sweden, Dresden 
and Berlin. He composed sentimental 
songs in the folk-manner. 

HURLEBUSCH (1) Heinricb Lo- 
renz (1666- ) : b. Hanover, d. Bruns- 
wick; organist at St. Magnus, Bruns- 
wick, and later of St. Martin and 
Egidius; composed organ pieces. (2) 
Konrad Friedrich (1696-1765) : b. 
Brunswick, d. Amsterdam; son and 
pupil of (1) ; lived in Hamburg, Vi- 
enna, Italy, Munich, Stockholm, Bruns- 
wick and other cities; was court Ka- 
pellmeister at Stockholm, 1722-25; and 
organist of the Reformed Church, 
Amsterdam, from 1737; he composed 
72 odes (pub. in Grate's Collection, 
1737-43), 4-part sonatas, piano works, 
overtures, several operas, cantatas, etc. ; 
pub. a reformed chorale-book. 

HTJRL, STONE, William Yeates 
(1876-1906): b. London, d. there; stud- 
ied with Stanford, Astiton and Dann- 
reuther at the Royal Academy of Music, 
where he later became professor of 
harmony and counterpoint; pianist and 
composer of a piano concerto (1896), 
orchestral 'Variations on a Swedish 
Song' (1904), a fairy suite 'The Magic 
Mirror,' a violin sonata, 'cello sonata, 
string quartet, quintet for piano and 
wind instr., suite for piano and clari- 
net, pieces for piano and violin, cho- 
ruses and songs. Ref.: III. 437. 

HUSS, Henry Holden (1862- . ) : 
b. Newark, N. J.; studied piano with 
his father, composition with O. B. 
Boise, and attended Munich Cons., 1882- 
85; pianist and teacher in New York. 



233 



Huszla 

He composed a piano concerto, a rhap- 
sody for piano and orcli., and other 
piano pieces, a violin concerto, a Ro- 
manze and Polonaise for violin and 
orch., chamber music, vocal pieces, or- 
gan music, songs, etc. He married 
Hildegard Hoffmann, soprano. Ref.: 
rV. 348f. 

HUSZLA, Victor (1857-1899): b. St. 
Petersburg, d. Lisbon; studied at Leip- 
zig Cons, and with Thomson In Nice; 
director of the Real Academia de ajna- 
dores de musica in Lisbon, where he 
founded an orchestral school. His com- 
positions include Portuguese rhapsodies 
for violin and orchestra. 

HUTCHBSON, Ernest (1871- ) : 

b. Melbourne, Australia; pianist; stud- 
ied with Reinecke at the Leipzig Cons. 
and with Stavenhagen in Weimar; 
made tours in Europe, Australia and 
United States; teacher for a time at 
the Peabody Cons., Baltimore; com- 
poser of a symphonic suite, a sym- 
phonic poem, a piano concerto, a vio- 
lin concerto, piano pieces and tech- 
nical studies. 

HUTCHINGS, George S. (1835- 
1913): b. Salem, Mass.; d. Boston; or- 
gan builder; apprenticed in the Hook 
factory, rose to superintendent; start- 
ed in business with others in 1869 
and became sole owner in 1884, the firm 
name changing from George S. Hutch- 
Ings & Co. to the Hutchings-Votey Or- 
gan Co. in 1901, and the Hutchings 
Organ Co. in 1908. He was the first 
successful builder of electric organs, 
and invented a number of accessories 
in organ building, including the bal- 
anced swell pedal, the crescendo pedal 
and the movable console. His firm 
built noted organs in New York and 
Boston. 

HUTCHINSOBT, John: organist Dur- 
ham Cathedral in 18th cent. ; composed 
hymns still extant. 

HUTSCHBNRUIJTER (1) Wonter 
(1796-1878) : b. Rotterdam, d. there ; 
at first violinist, then horn player and 
composer; founded a burgher's guard 
band (1831) and the musical society 
Eruditio Musica in 1826, whose concert 
director he became. He also conducted 
other societies; became titular Kapell- 
meister at Delft; member of the Acad- 
emy of St. Cecilia, Rome, etc. He com- 
posed an opera, 4 symphonies, 3 over- 
tures and a great number of concerted 
works (some arrangements), masses, 
cantatas, songs, etc. (2) Willem 
(1828- ) : son of (1) ; noted horn 
player. (3) Wouter (1859- ) : b. 
Rotterdam, where he directed a choral 



Hyllested 

society and taught at the music school. 
Second conductor at Amsterdam, then 
conductor of the Utrecht orchestra, in 
which capacity he has championed the 
work of young Dutch composers. He 
himself composed orchestral and cham- 
ber music, piano pieces, songs, etc., and 
wrote books on Richard Strauss, or- 
chestra, and Felix Weingartner, all in 
Dutch. 

HtJTTElVBRElVlVER, Anselm (1794- 
1868) : b. Graz, Styria, d. Ober-Andritz, 
n. Graz; after studying law at Vienna 
he became a pupil of Salieri in compo- 
sition, and received encouragement 
from his fellow student Schubert as 
well as from his intimate friend Beet- 
hoven (who died in his arms). H. 
was a successful pianist; conductor of 
the Styrian Musikverein from 1825. He 
composed 4 operas, 9 masses, 3 Re- 
quiems, 5 symphonies, 10 overtures, 3 
funeral marches, 2 string quartets, a 
string quintet, sonatas, 24 fugues, and 
other piano pieces, 300 male quartets 
and choruses, and over 200 songs. Ref. : 
H. 133. 

HtJTTNER, Geors (1861- ): b. 
Schwarzenbach ; pupil of Schaar- 
schmidt; since 1887 conductor of the 
Philharmonic Orchestra at Dortmund, 
where he inaugurated symphony con- 
certs and established a conservatory 
and an orchestra school. 

HUYGHEIVS (1) Constantln, Lord 
of Zuyligem (1596-1687) : b. The Hague; 
■well-known Netherland poet, was also 
an enthusiastic music lover, and wrote 
on organs in the Netherlands (1641). 
Ref.: VII. 32. (2) Christian (Hugen- 
ius) (1629-1695): son of (1), celebrated 
mathematician and physicist, has treated 
the question of the 31-degree scale in 
his Novus cyclus harmonious (printed 
1724) and the rule against consecutive 
5ths in his Cosmotheros (1698). 

HYATT, Nathaniel Irving (1865-) : 
b. Lanslngburgh ; composer; studied in 
Troy, New York, and at the Leipzig 
Conservatory; teacher in Troy, in Syra- 
cuse University and at Albany; com- 
posed symphonic overture, chamber 
music and songs. 

HYKABRT, Berntaard (15th cent.) : 
Belgian composer of church music pub- 
lished in Naples, wrote also 3 secular 
songs still extant. 

HYIiljESTED, August (1858- ) : 
b. Stockholm; studied with Dahl; vio- 
linist who toured Scandinavia at the 
age of 11; studied with Kullak, Kiel 
and Liszt; toured the United States and 
Europe; also organist and conductor 
and director. 



234 



Ibacb 

IBACH (1) Johannes Adolf (1766- 
1848) : founder of a family of organ 
builders and piano mailers. He estab- 
lished the business at Barmen in 1794. 
(2) C. Rudolf (d. 1863) : entered the 
Ibach Arm (1) 1834. (3) Richard, 
son of (2), (d. 1903, In Barmen): 
joined firm 1839; took over all rights 
for the making of the organs, 1869. 
(4) Gnstav J.: 1869 started his own 
firm, independent of that founded by 
(1). (5) Rudolf (d. in 1892 at Her- 
renalb. Black Forest) ; son of (2) ; con- 
tinued the pianoforte business, with ex- 
tensions in Cologne. 

IBSEN, Henrik. Ref. : HI. 77, 85, 87, 
95; VIII. 347; X. 104. 

IBYKOS (6th cent. B.C.) : Greek 
singer. Ref.: I. 115f. 

IDE}, Chester, contemp. Amer. com- 
poser. Ref.: TV. 400. 

IDEIjSOHIV, a. Z. (1882- ) : b. 
Filzburg, near Libau; studied at the 
Stern Cons, and at Leipzig; lived in 
Johannesburg (Transvaal) and Jerusa- 
lem, making a special study of Orien- 
tal music; author of Die Maqamen 
der arabischen Musik, Reste althe- 
braischer Musik (1912-13), Der Syna- 
gogale Gesang im Lichte der orien- 
talischen Musik (1913), Leitfaden der 
euTopdischen. und orientalischen Musik 
(1910) ; pub. a collection of Hebrdisch- 
orientalischer Melodienschdtze, Zions- 
lieder (1908), Synagogalgesdnge (1910), 
Liederbuch, a collection of 100 Hebrew 
songs for school and home (1912). 

IFPERT, August (1859- ) : b. 
Brunswick; studied for opera in Ber- 
lin and Hanover; vocal teacher in Leip- 
zig, later at the Conservatories of Co- 
logne, Dresden, and Vienna. He pub- 
lished a vocal method, entitled Allge- 
meine Gesangschule. 

IGUMNOFF, Konstantin Tflkolale- 
vltch (1873- ) : b. Lebediana, Govt, 
of Tamboff; pupil of Svereff, Siloti, 
Pabst; teacher of music from 1898-99 
In the school of the Imperial Russian 
Music Society, and in 1900 professor 
at the Moscow Conservatory. 

ILIFFE, Frederick; (1847- ) ; b. 
Smeeten - Westerby, Leicester; English 
organist, conductor and composer; 
Mus. D. Oxon., 1879; became organist 
of St. John's College (1883), Oxford, 
and in 1900 organist of the University. 
His compositions are instrumental and 
vocal: overtures, a string serenade, an 
oratorio, a cantata for male chorus and 



Inmiyns 

orchestra, etc. He wrote also a Criti- 
cal Analysis of Bach's 'Well-Tempered 
Clavichord.' 

ILINSKI, Count Jan Stanlslav 
(1795-1860): b. Castle Romanoff, d. St. 
Petersburg (?) ; minister of foreign 
affairs in St. Petersburg; composer of 
church music, overtures, string quar- 
tets, etc., etc.; studied with Salieri, 
Kauer and Beethoven. 

IIiJIlVSKI, Alexander Alexandro- 
Titch (1859- ) : b. Tsarskoe-Selo ; 
composer for orchestra, voice and op- 
era. He attended the Berlin Cons, and 
the Royal Academy, studying piano- 
forte with Kullak at the former, theory 
with Bargiel at the latter. Since 1885 
he has held the professorship in theory 
and composition at the Philharmonic 
Society's Music School of Moscow. Be- 
sides his suites, the symphonic poem, 
the symphonic scherzo, the symphony 
and other orchestral works, Iljinski 
has written 2 cantatas, an opera, songs 
and pieces for piano and for violin. 
Ref.: in. 145. 

IIiIiICA, Liulgl: contemporary Ital- 
ian librettist (operas by Puccini, etc.). 
Ref.: IX. 485, 486, 489, 492, 494. 

IMBART DE tA TOUR, Georges 
(1865- ): b. Paris; operatic tenor, 
known in Geneva, Paris, Brussels and 
the United States; repertoire includes 
all Wagnerian tenor roles. 

IMBERT, Hngues (1842-1905): b. 
Moulins-Engilbert, Nifevre, d. Paris; 
litterateur and musical critic. He stud- 
ied the violin under Faucheux and 
Hammer and was in touch with Chau- 
vet, Dubois, Garcia, d'Indy, and the 
critic Mesnard. In 1900 he became joint 
director with Kufferath of the Guide 
musical and his critical essays ap- 
peared there as well as in several other 
French Revues and in translation, in 
'Studies in Music' and in 'The Musi- 
cian.' A collection of his essays ap- 
peared under the title of Profits de 
Musiciens (1888), another was pub. as 
Portraits et etudes (1894), and he 
made valuable propaganda in France 
for the music of Wagner, Berlioz, Schu- 
mann and Brahms. 

IMMYNS (1) John (17007-1764) : d. 
Cold Bath Fields, London; pianist, 
gambist, violinist and flutist. At forty 
he taught himself to play the lute, 
and in 1752 became lutenist for 
the Chapel Royal. He was a member 
of the Academy of Ancient Music, la 



235 



Incledon 

1741 the founder of the Madrigal So- 
ciety, and throughout his life a col- 
lector of madrigals and other ancient 
music. (2) John ([?]-i794): b. Lon- 
don (?), d. there; son of (1); 'cellist 
and organist of Surrey Chapel, Black- 
friars Road. 

INCLEDON (1) Charles Benjamin 
(1763-1826) : 'The Wandering Melo- 
diste'; b. Bery St. Kevem, Cornwall, d. 
Worcester, Eng. ; boy-chorister at Ex- 
eter Cathedral ; operatic and concert 
tenor who toured America, 1817. (2) 
Charles Venaxio, son of (1) (f?]- 
1865): d. Bad Tiiffer; sang in London 
opera and later taught in Vienna. 

[d'J INDIA, Sigismondo (early 
17th cent.): b. Palermo, d. Italy; di- 
rector of chamber music to Charles 
Emanuel of Savoy in Turin and Cardi- 
nal Moritz in Rome; prod, madrigals, 
villanelles, motets, arias and cantatas. 

[d'] INDY [Paul-Marie-Thtodore-] 
Vincent (1851- ): b. Paris; com- 
poser; studied with Diemer, Marmontel, 
Duparc and Lavlgnac, and after serv- 
ing in the Franco-Prussian War aban- 
doned law for music, became kettle- 
drummer in the orchestra of Colonne, 
and 1873 entered the Conservatoire un- 
der Franck. He was made inspector 
of music in the schools of Paris, and 
a chevalier of the Legion of Honor. 
In 1871 he founded jointly with Charles 
Bordes, etc., the Societe nationale de 
TnusiquBt and in 1896 the Schola Can- 
torum, a school for music encourag- 
ing the study of medieval plain-chant 
and old church music, which soon rose 
to distinction. He was also actively 
interested in the £cole des hautes 
etudes sociales. Among his "works are 
a one-act comic opera, Attendez'moi 
sous I'orme (1882), and 2 music 
dramas, Fervaal (Brussels, 1897), and 
L'ttranger (1903), text by the com- 
poser; music to Alexander's Karada 
(1890), and Mendes' Medee (1898); a 
mystery, St. Christophe, being in prep- 
aration. His more important instru- 
mental works include Jean Hunyadi, 
symphony, op. 5 ; overture. Marc An- 
toine et Cliopatre, op. 6; 2 symphonic 
poems. La foret enchantee, op. 8, and 
Jour d'ete a la montagne, op. 61; sym- 
phonic trilogy, Wallenstein, op. 12; 
Saugefleurie (orchestral legend), op. 
21 ; 2 symphonies (No. 1 in G., op. 25, 
with piano obbligato; No. 2, op. 57, 
in B-flat) ; Serenade and Waltz, op. 
28; Fantasy on popular songs (with 
oboe solo), op. 31; Tableaux de voyage 
(orchestral suite), op. 36; Jstar, sym- 
phonic variations, op. 42; Souvenirs, 
op. 62; Chansons et danses for 9 wind 
instruments, op. 50 ; Suite in D, for 
trumpet, 2 ilutes and string quartet, 
op. 24; Lied for 'cello and orchestra, 
op. 19; choral variations for saxo- 
phone and orchestra, op. 55 ; 2 string 
quartets (op. 35, 45) ; piano quartet, 
op. 7 ; trio for clarinet, 'cello and piano, 
op. 29; sonata for violin and piano. 



Ippolitoff-Ivanoff 

op. 59; piano pieces, etc. There are 
also a number of songs and choruses. 
D'Indy has written a Cours de compo- 
sition musicale and a life of Cl^sar 
Franck. Ref.: IL 439; III. 296fr; (in- 
fluence) III. 358; songs, V. 355f, 358; 
choral works, VI. 390f; piano works, 
VII. 129f, 349ir; violin sonata, VH. 463; 
piano quartet, VII. 589f; opera, IX, 
459f; orchestral works, VIIL 431fF; 
mus. ex., XIV. 91, 92; portrait. III. 298. 
For general references, see individual 
indexes, 

INFANTAS, Fernando de las (16th 
cent.): Spanish priest; theoretician and 
composer of Sacra cantionum, Plura 
modulationum genera and Intermedi et 
concern. In 1577 he and Philip H so 
opposed the contemplated revision of 
the liturgy by Palestrina that Pope 
Gregory XIII abandoned the plan. 

INGEGNERI, Marc> Antonio (ca. 
1545-1603?): b. Venice, or Cremona; d. 
Ferrara (?); conductor of Cremona 
Cathedral; composer of masses, sacred 
songs, lamentations, hymns. He stud- 
ied with Ruffo and taught Monteverdi. 
Ref.: I. 337. 

INGEIilUS, Axel Gabriel (1822- 
1868) : b. Sakyla, Finland, d. Nystad; 
writer, and composer of Finnish songs. 

INNOCENT III, Pope. Re/.;VL320. 

INSANGUINE, Glacomo, called 
Monopoli (ca. 1740-1796) : b. Mono- 
polo, Naples; d. Naples; pupil and 
teacher at Sant' Onofrio; conventional 
composer of about 20 Neapolitan op- 
eras, organ and pianoforte works of 
a sacred character. 

INZBNGA, Jos6 (1828-1891): b. 
Madrid, d. there; pupil of the Con- 
servatory there and in Paris, became 
professor at the former institution and 
is the composer of zarzuelas and Span- 
ish folk-songs, also of a text-book of 
accompaniments. 

IPARRAGUIRRB y BALBRDI, 
Jose Maria (1820-1881) : b. Villareal de 
Urrecha, d. Zozabastro de Isacho; 
singer and composer of Basque folk- 
songs, who spent his life in travelling 
from country to country; visited Amer- 
ica, and in 1877 returned to his home, 
where he was hailed as a national 
hero. 

IPPOIilTOFF-IVANOFP, Mlkail 
Mlkailovltch (1859- ) : b, Gat- 
schina; teacher, conductor and com- 
poser. He studied with Rimsky-Kor- 
sakoif at St. Petersburg Conservatory, 
directed the symphony concerts, the 
music school and the Imperial Theatre 
in Tiflis, professor of theory at the Con- 
servatory and director of the Private 
Opera in Moscow. His compositions 
include a symphony, 3 overtures, sym- 
phonic scherzo, '(Caucasian Sketches, 
sinfonietta, piano quartet, string quar- 
tet, coronation cantata, 5 character pic- 
tures for chor. and orch., 3 memorial 
cantatas, choral works, duets, songs and 
3 operas, 'Ruth' (Tiflis, 1887), 'Asia' 
(Moscow^ 1900), and 'Treachery' (ib.. 



236 



Ireland 

1911) . He pub. a treatise on chords (1897) 
and a study of 'Gruslnian Folksong.' 
Ref.: III. 128, 149; V. 368; VI. 396; K. 
415; X. 256. 

IRELAND. J. N.! eontemp. English 
composer of chamber music, etc. Ref.: 
III. 442. 

IRGANG, Frledrlcb Wllhelm 
(1836- ): b. Hirschberg, Schleswig; 
studied with Grell and Bach in Berlin 
and with Proksch in Prague; teacher 
and organist in Gorlitz and Ziillichau; 
composer for pianoforte and author of 
two text-books. 

IRIAHTB, Toinas de (1750-1791): 
b. Isle of Teneriffe, d. Santa Maria, 
near Cadiz; secretary of State Ar- 
chives, Madrid; author of didactic 
poem. La musica, translated into Ital- 
ian, French and English; composer of 
symphonies, quartets, etc. 

IRMLBR (1) Johann Christian 
Gottlieb (1790-1857) : b. Obergrum- 
bach, near Dresden; d. Leipzig; found- 
er of a pianoforte firm. (2) Oswald J. 
(1835-1905): b. Leipzig, d. there; son 
of Johann (1) and successor to his 
father. (3) Emll, b. 1869; (4) Otto, b. 
1872; sons of Oswald (2), joint mem- 
bers of the firm, which is one of the 
most flourishing in Germany. 

IRONS, H. S. (1838-1905) : b. Can- 
terbury, d. Nottingham; organist and 
composer of sacred music for the 
organ. 

IRRGANG, Helnricl Bernhard 
(1869- ): b. Zduny, Krotoschin; or- 
ganist in Spandau, and of the Church 
of the Holy Cross, the Philharmonic, 
St. Mary's Church, and since 1910 the 
Dom- und Hofkirche, Berlin; director 
of music and teacher of the organ at 
the Stern Conservatory. He conducts 
Thursday organ recitals and is him- 
self a composer of organ sonatas, 
songs, etc. 

IRVING, Washington. Ref.: VI. 
219. 

ISAACS, licwis M.! eontemp. Amer- 
ican composer. Ref.: TV. 442. 

ISAAK (Isaac, Izac, Yzacli), Heln- 
rich (in Italy known as Aerigo Te- 
DESCO) (before 1450-1517) : d. Florence, 
was of Netherland ancestry, though 
designated as 'Germanus' by Glarean. 
He was an older contemporary of Jos- 
quin and one of the most important 
musicians of his time. After spending 
some time In Ferrara he became organ- 
ist to Lorenzo the Magnificent in Flor- 
ence (about 1480); in 1484 he was at 
the court of Archduke Sigismund at 
Innsbruck, and returned thither in the 
service of Maximilian I after Lorenzo's 
death (1492). In Augsburg 1496, in 
Vienna (as Imperial court composer) 
1497, he returned to Florence three 
years before his death. Of his works 
are preserved the masses Charge de 
deull, Misericordtas domtni. Quant jay 
ou cor. La Spagna, Comme femme (all 
printed by Petrucci, 1506), Salva nos 
and Frolich Wesen (Graphaus, Missae 



237 



Isouard 

xiii, 1539), O praeclara (Petrejus' Lib. 
XV miss., 1539), Carminum and Vne 
musgue de Biscaye (Rhaw, 1541), oth- 
ers in MS. in Munich, Vienna and 
Brussels; the motets in Chorale Con- 
stantinum, pub. by his pupil Ludwig 
Senfl (3 parts, 1550), other motets in 
collections of Petrucci, Kriestein, etc. 
His remarkable choral hymns, many 
still effective in their original form, 
are in Ott's 115 guter newer Liedletn 
(1544) and Forster's Auszug guter 
teutscher Liedlein (1539). His secular 
music includes 22 German, 5 French, 
10 Italian, 5 Latin songs, 58 instru- 
mental pieces (pub. by J. Wolf, in 
Denkmdler d.T. in osterreich) besides 
others, probably spurious. Ref.: I. 
269, 304f; VIH. 122f; mus. ex., XIIL 22. 

ISENMANN, Karl (1839-1889) : b. 
Gengenbach, d. Illenau; composer of 
popular men's choruses. 

ISHAM, John (ca. 1680-1726) : Mus. 
B., Oxford, 1713; organist at St. Anne's, 
Soho, St. Andrew's, Holborn, and St. 
Margaret's, Westminster; composer of 
anthems and a popular two-part song. 

[Saint] ISIDORITS (Hispanensis), 
Bishop of Seville (ca. 570-636) : b. 
Cartagena, d. Seville (?); theoretician 
whose writings on music were printed 
by Gerbert as Sententiee de musicee. 

ISMAIL PASHA, Khedive of Egypt. 
Ref.: 11. 496; IX. 361. 

ISNARDI, Pacta: b. Ferrara, ca. 
1525 ; monastic superior at Monte Cas- 
sino, maestro di cappella at Ferrara, 
composer of motets, psalms, madrigals, 

isORI, Ida (1875- ): b. Florence; 
singer and teacher; studied with Bar- 
bieri-Nini and Meliani, and at the In- 
stitute musicale with Ceccherini; de- 
but in Pisa as Leonora in 11 Trovatore, 
1892, and after appearing on various 
Italian stages, made concert tours in 
France and Russia; married Paolo 
Litta, the pianist, with whom she 
founded in Florence the musical so- 
ciety Libera Estetica, and the Scuola 
del Bel Canto; pub. an Isori-Album of 
24 old airs. 

ISOUARD, NiccolO (or NiccoIO de 
Malta) (1775-1818): b. Malta, d. Paris; 
studied at Palerma and Naples, while 
filling banking positions. In 1794 he 
prod., under the name of Niccolo, an 
opera, L'avviso ai maritati, in Florence, 
and soon abandoned banking. His 
Artaserse, prod, in Leghorn, 1794, was 
more successful, and he became organ- 
ist there, later maestro to the Order of 
Malta. After its dissolution he wrote a 
number of operas for a La Valette 
theatre, but went to Paris in 1799, 
where he was befriended by R. Kreut- 
zer. Here he prod. Le tonnelier, a 
comic opera, followed by various oth- 
ers, achieved success with Michel Ange 
(1802), still more with Cendrillon 
(1802), Le billet de loterie (1810). 
Thrown In competition with Boieldieu, 
he prod, some superior works {Jeannot 



Israel 

et Colin, Coureurs d'aventnres [/o- 
conde]), but Boieldieu was preferred 
by the Academy and I.'s chagrin has- 
tened his death. Besides 50 operas he 
■wrote masses, motets, psalms, cantatas, 
songs and canzonets. Ref.: 11. 183; 
DC. 73, 139, 226f. 

ISRAEL,, Karl (1841-1881) : b. Hel- 
llgenrode, d. Frankf ort-on-Main ; aban- 
doned theology for music, which he 
studied at the Leipzig Conservatory; 
music critic and writer of musical 
bibliographies. 

ISTEL,, Edgar (1880- ) : b. May- 
ence; studied violin, then composition 
with Volbach, later Thuille; studied 
musical science at Munich (Dr. phil., 
dissertation on Rousseau's Pygmalion), 
became docent for musical aesthetics at 
the Humboldt Academy, Berlin, 1913. 
He pub. essays on the German 'Christ- 
mas Play' and Wagner, a biography of 
Peter Cornelius (1906), also Die Ent- 
stehnng des deutschen Melodramas 
(1906), Die Komische Oper, Die Bliite- 
zeit der musikalischen Romantik 
(1909), Dos Kunstwerk R. Wagners 
(1910), Das Libretto (1914), Die 
moderne Oper (1914) ; edited Cornelius' 
essays, E. T. A. Hoffmann's musical 
writings, etc., Dittersdorf's autobiogra- 
phy (1909) and wrote guides to various 
modern operas, also Mahler's 8th sym- 
phony. He composed songs, mixed cho- 
ruses in canon form, Singspielouver- 
tiire, 3 Gesange von Goethe (w. orch.) ; 



Izac 

music to Kiissner's Zauberkessel and 
Goethe's Satyros; Hymnus an Zeus 
(chorus and orch.); also the operas 
Der fahrende Schixler (Carlsruhe, 1906) 
and Des Tribunals Gebot (Vienna). 

ISTOMINA : Russian ballerina. Ref. : 
X. 178, 181. 

IVAN the Terrible. Ref.: IX. 391, 
410; X. 140, 141. 

IVANOPF (1) Nicolas Kusmlcli 
(1809-1880): b. Poltava, d. Bologna; 
tenor in London, Italy and Paris. (2) 
JMikall. See Ippolitoff-Ivanoff. (3) 
MIkail Mikailoviteh (1849- ) : b. 
Moscow; studied with Tschaikowsky 
and Dubuque; critic in Rome and for 
the Novoe Vremya; composer of sym- 
phony, symphonic poems, orchestral 
suite, 4 operas, 2 Finnish rhapsodies, 

ivANOVICI (d. 1902) : Rumanian 
general inspector of military music 
and composer of popular waltzes. 

IVES, Simon (1600-1662) : b. Ware, 
d. London; vicar choral at St. Paul's, 
singing teacher, composer of catches 
and rounds, also music for 'The Tri- 
umph of Peace,' a masque by Shirley. 
Ref.: X. 83. 

[d'l IVRY, Paul Xaxier DSsirS 
Richard, Marquis (1829-1903) : b. 
Beaume, Cote d'or, d. Hyires; Parisian 
dilettante; composed 6 operas, concert- 
overture, etc. He used the pseudonym 
Richard Yrvid. 

IZAC. See IsAAK. 



238 



jfacchla 

JACCHIA, Aglde; contemp. oper- 
atic conductor in Montreal, New York, 
etc. Ref.: TV. 157. 

JACCHINI, Gniseppe (18th cent.) : 
Italian 'cellist and composer. He "was 
a member of the orchestra of San 
Petronio, Bologna, and of the Philhar- 
monic Society there. He wrote sonatas 
and concerti for violin and 'cello, pub- 
lished in 1700-01. 

JACKET. See Berchem, Buus, Vaet, 
and Wert, Jachet. The customary sig- 
nature of Christian names only dur- 
ing the 16th century has complicated 
the history of music in that period in 
no small degree. 

JACHET DA MANTUA (16th cent.) ; 
singer and maestro di cappella at San 
Pletro Cathedral, Mantua (ca. 1537- 
1558) ; composer of church music, mo- 
tets, etc., highly esteemed by his con- 
temporaries. His music was included 
in many collections, among them those 
of Gombert, di Rore, and Willaert. 

JACHINECKI, Zdlsdaw (1882- ) : 
Dr. phil. 1906, Vienna, with a dis- 
sertation on Gomolka; wrote The In- 
fluence of Italian Music on the Polish' 
(Part I, from 1540-1640), pub. Cracow, 
1911; composer of songs. 

JACHMANJV-WAGNER. See WaO- 
NER, Johanna. 

JACKSON (1) William (1730-1803): 
b. Exeter, d. there; after studying in 
London under Travers he returned to 
Exeter, where he taught music, led the 
Cathedral choir and became organist. 
Besides church music, madrigals and 
canzonets, he wrote several operas, 
piano sonatas and songs, and three 
books dealing largely with musical 
matters. (2) Lacy. See Lacy. (3) 
William (1815-1866) : b. Masham, 
Yorks, Eng., d. Bradford; organist and 
choir director at Bradford, author of 
a 'Manual of Singing' and composer of 
sacred and secular vocal music. (4) 
Samuel P. (1818-1885) : b. Manchester, 
Eng., d. Brooklyn, New York; com- 
poser. (5) James J., father of Samuel; 
organ maker. (6) Edvrln W^.: English 
author of a manual of finger exercises 
(1866). (7) John P.! English author; 
d. Paris, 1897; wrote 'Album of the 
Passion Play at Oberammergau' (1873), 
translated Wagner's Parsifal, Die Meis- 
tersinger, and wrote a handbook on the 
Nibelungenlied. (8) Dr. G.i early 19th 
cent, music teacher and organist in 



Jacopo Da Bologna 

New York, Boston and elsewhere. 
Ref.: IV. 236f. 

JACOB (1) Benjamin (1778-1829) : 
b. London, d. there; distinguished or- 
ganist of 18th cent.; organist of Surrey 
Chapel; composer of psalms and glees. 
(2) P. A. li. See Jakob. 

JACOBI (1) Micliael (17th cent.): 
cantor in Lilneburg, and promoter of 
movement toward permanent opera. In 
1656 he founded a theatre for Singspiel 
performances. (2) Georges (1840-1906) : 
b. Berlin, d. London ; prolific composer 
of light opera, ballets, etc.; dramatic 
conductor and violinist. He studied 
with Ganz and de B^riot and at the 
Conservatory under Massart, Reber, 
Gevaert, etc. He played at the Op^ra 
Comique and Grand Op^ra; conducted 
the Bouffes Parisiens, 1869, the Alham- 
bra, London, for 26 years, beginning 
1872, then became professor at the 
Royal College of Music. His dramatic 
works, while written for the popular 
taste, are melodious and technically ex-, 
cellent. He also composed for violin 
and viola. 

JACOBS (1) Karl Ednard (1833-) : 
b. Krefeld, Germany; director of the 
Royal archives and library in Wemi- 
gerode; author of biographical details 
regarding Sinn, Lampadius, Eckelt, 
Mager, etc., also the Collegium musi- 
cum, etc., in Wemigerode. (2) £doiiard 
(1851- ): b. Hal, Belgium; 'cello 
virtuoso, who, after playing in the 
court orchestra at Weimar, succeeded 
his instructor, Servais, as professor in 
the Brussels Cons. 

JACOBSEN, Jens Peter. Ref.: VI. 
353 

JACOBSOHN, Simon B. (1839-1902) : 
b. Mitau, Courland, d. Chicago ; violinist 
and well-known teacher. He studied 
with Weller and David and was con- 
cert-master at Bremen; also concert- 
master of the Thomas Orchestra, 1872. 
He taught in the Cons, of Cincinnati, 
then in Chicago. 

JACOBSTHAIi, Gnsta-v (1845-1912) : 
b. Pyrltz, Pomerania; lecturer and pro- 
fessor of music at the Strassburg Univ. ; 
wrote scholarly works on mus. history. 

JACOBUS DE BENEDICTUS: 
Franciscan monk. Ref.: VI. 320. 

JACOBY. See Jacobi, Georges. 

JACOPO DA BOI/OGNA (Jacobna 
de Buonia) (early 14th cent.) : one of 
the earliest composers of madrigals, 



239 



Jacotin 

caccias, and balladas with instrumental 
accompaniment, hence one of the earli- 
est representatives of the Florentine 
ars nova. Compositions of his are pre- 
served in Florence and in the British 
Museum. Three of his madrigals ap- 
pear in Johannes Wolf's Geschichte der 
Mensuralnotation, II. No. 40-42. 

JACOTIN (birth name, Jacob Gode- 
brye) (d. 1529) : Flemish composer; 
chaplain of Notre Dame of Antwerp, 
composer of motets and chansons pub- 
lished by Petrucci and Attaignant, and 
masses preserved in the Roman ar- 
chives 

.IACQ,TJARD, liSon-Jean (1826- 
1886) : b. Paris, d. there ; pupil of Nor- 
hlin and professor of 'cello at the 
Conservatoire (1877) ; a virtuoso on the 
'cello, also ensemble player. 

JACQUES, Edgar F. (1850-1906) : b. 
London, d. Brighton; organist and 
critic. 

JADASSOHN, Salamon (1831-1902) : 
b. Breslau, d. Leipzig; composer, teacher 
and theorist; studied at Breslau, with 
Hesse, Liistner and Brosig, and 1848 
entered the Leipzig Cons. Later he was 
one of Liszt's pupils in Weimar, and 
studied composition with Hauptmann 
at Leipzig, where he became a well- 
known teacher, led the 'Euterpe' con- 
certs and the choral society 'Psalter- 
ion,' and from 1871 until his death was 
identified with the Leipzig Cons, as 
teacher and professor of counterpoint, 
composition and pianoforte. His 10 
text-books of theory and technique 
have enjoyed wide popularity, have 
been translated into English, some into 
French, Dutch and Italian His com- 
positions are 125 in number and besides 
the 2 serenades for orchestra, 2 piano 
serenades, 4-hand ballet music and vo- 
cal duets written in canon form, for 
which Jadassohn is famous, include 4 
symphonies, 2 overtures, concertos, 
trios, 2 string quartets, 3 piano quar- 
tets, a piano sextet, preludes and 
fugues for piano, choral settings of 
psalms (with orch.), etc. Ref.: III. 13; 
v. 256. 

JADIIV (1) lionis-Emmannel (1768- 
1853): b. Versailles, d. Paris; page de 
la musique to Louis XVI; during the 
Revolution a member of the band of the 
Garde Nationale ; conductor of various 
Parisian theatres ; professor at the Con- 
servatoire (1800-06) ; gouverneuT des 
pages (1814 to 1830) ; composer of mili- 
tary marches and hymns, of 40 dramatic 
pieces, operas, comic operas, etc. ; of 
chamber music and orchestral works. 
His music had great vogue in its day, 
was facile in expression, but without 
great originality or foi*ce. He was the 
son of Jean J., violinist at court of 
Louis XVI; and nephew of George, 
bassoonist in chapel of Louis XVI. 
(2) Hyacinthe (1769-1800) : b. Ver- 
sailles, d. Paris ; brother of Louis, pro- 
fessor of pianoforte at the Conserva- 
toire, composer of string quartets, trios. 



Jahn 

etc., concertos and sonatas for piano. 
His music, like that of his brother, had 
popularity in its day and is now for- 
gotten. 

JADLOWKER, HeTinann: contemp. 
dramatic tenor, sang in various Euro- 
pean opera houses and at the Metro- 
politan in New York. Essayed the 
principal Wagner roles. Ref.: IV. 155. 

JAfiJLIi (1) Alfred (1832-1882): b. 
Trieste, d. Paris ; court pianist to George 
V of Hanover, composer of transcrip- 
tions and ostentatious piano pieces. He 
won recognition as a superficial and 
brilliantly polished pianist and toured 
largely, living at various times in Ven- 
ice, Vienna, Brussels, Leipzig, the 
United States, London and Paris, where 
he died. (2) marie (nee Trantmann) : 
(1846- ): b. Stelnseltz, Alsatia; pi- 
anist, theorist and composer. She 
received a thorough training in tech- 
nique from Herz in the Conservatoire. 
Her compositions include a concerto 
in D major, a piano quartet, a 
waltz for 4 hands. She is also the 
author of 5 books dealing with correct 
method of touch, rhythm, the associa- 
tion of music and psycho-physiology, 
etc. 

JAERWEFEIiT, Armas. See Jarne- 

FELT. 

JAPFfi (1) Morltz (1835- ): b. 
Posen; dramatic composer, pupil of 
Bohmer, Maurin, Massard, Laub, 
Wilerst and Bussler. (2) Sophie 
(1872- ) : b. Odessa; noted concert 
violinist, whose career was cut short 
by the inheritance of a fortune and 
consequent retirement from public 
view. She was a pupil of Auer, and 
at the Conservatoire had received first 
prize. 

JXGER, Ferdinand (1838-1902): b. 
Hanau, d. Vienna; tenor who sang the 
first 'Siegfried' at Vienna, the third at 
Bayreuth; also the second 'Parsifal' 
there. 

JAHN (1) Helnrlch Albert (1811- 
1900) : b. Berne, d. there; city librarian, 
chancellory official; archaeologist, his- 
torian, author of studies on Switzer- 
land, and of an edition of De musica 
libri III by Quintilianus, with notes 
and criticism. (2) Otto (1813-1869): 
b. Kiel, d. Gottingen; biographer, phi- 
lologist, archaeologist and music critic. 
He studied at Kiel, Leipzig, Berlin, 
France and Italy; taught philology at 
Kiel, archaeology at Greifswald and Leip- 
zig, and at Bonn, where he had charge 
of the Museum of Art. His writings 
dealing with music are critical essays, 
controversies on Berlioz and Wagner, 
4 collections of original songs, and, 
most important, a 4-vol. biography of 
Mozart (1856-59), the most thorough one 
ever written, and the basis for all fu- 
ture biographers. It has been trans- 
lated into English by Townsend (1882). 
J. is the first scholar who has applied 
scientific methods of research and criti- 
cism to musical blstory. Ref.: (quoted) 



240 



Jahns 

II. Ill, 115; (cited) VII. 507; VI. 323; 
(quoted on Mozart) VIII. 157. (3) Wil- 
helm (1835-1900) : b. at the Moravian 
court, d. Vienna; choir singer at Temes- 
var, conductor at Pesth, Agram, Am- 
sterdam, Prague, Wiesbaden, and, 1881- 
1897, at the court opera in Vienna. 

JAHIVS, Frledrich Wllhelm (1809- 
1888): b. Berlin, d. there; concert 
singer, founder and leader of a choral 
society, composer of a piano trio and 
Schottiscbe Lieder, still performed, and 
of a thematic catalogue of the works of 
Weber, a most thorough compilation of 
material pertaining to Weber. 

JAKOB, Friedrloli August L.ebe- 
recht (1803-1884) : b. Kroitzsch, d. 
Llegnitz; cantor in Konradsdorf, near 
Hainau in Silesia; compiler of school 
song-books, men's quartets, sacred 
choral songs, etc. 

JAKUBO-\VSKI, Samson (b. Kovno, 
1801) : Polish composer, who wrote for 
the instrument popular among the Tar- 
tars, the xylophone. 

JAIiOWETZ, Heinrlch: contemp. 
Viennese composer. Ref.: VI. 353 

JAMBB de FER, Phlllbert ([?]- 
1572) : killed as a Huguenot in Lyons ; 
pub. Epitome musical, sons et accordz 
is voix humaines, fluestes d'Alleman, 
flaestes a 9 Irons, viols, violons, etc. 
(1556) ; edited Les 150 psanmes de 
David, etc., of Marot de Bfezescheu (?) 
(1561-C64]). 

JAMES I, King of England. Ref.: 

JAMES II, King of England. Ref.: 
V. 169. 

JAMES (1) John (18th cent.-1745) : 
English organist, whose compositions 
consist only of a few songs and works 
for the organ. (2) W. N. (19th cent.) : 
English flutist, author of treatises on 
the origin, development and technique 
of flute-playing. (3) Pblllp, con- 
temp. Araer. composer. Ref.: TV. 
359f. 

JAIV (1) Maistre. See Gallus, Jo- 
hannes. (2) Karl von (1836-1899) : b. 
Sichweinfurt, d. Adelboden, Switzer- 
land; Dr. phil., Berlin, 1859; teacher 
of choral music at Grauen, Landsberg 
and Saargemiind; author of valuable 
historical pamphlets and articles on 
Greek modes and string instruments. 
His article in the Halle encyclopedia 
revealed new discoveries concerning 
lyre and kithara. He published also 
Greek texts with critical annotations. 

JANIEWIECZ, Felix (1762-1848) : 
b. Vilna, d. Edinburgh; violinist of high 
rank for whom Mozart possibly wrote 
the andante for violin and orchestra 
dated 1785; conductor of subscription 
concerts at Liverpool and Manchester, 
and of the Edinburgh Music Festivals, 
1815, 1819 and 1824. His compositions 
were for his own instrument, concertos, 
tpios etc. 

Ja'niTSCH (1) Johann Gottlieb 
(1708-1763) : b. Schweidnitz, Silesia, d. 
Berlin; member of Frederick IPs 



241 



Janotha 

court band in Rhelnsberg; there 
established 'home academies,' later 
directed court ball music in Ber- 
lin; wrote instrumental works, a Te 
Deum and a cantata, strongly influ- 
enced by Graun. (2) Anton (1753- 
1812) : b. , Switzerland, d. Burgstein- 
furt; conductor, first, to the prince- 
elector at Coblenz, then at Wallerstein, 
1794, of the Grossmann theatrical com- 
pany in Hanover, and finally of Count 
Burgsteinfurt. No compositions were 
published; symphonies and concertos 
are extant in manuscript. 

JANKO, Paul von (1856- ): b. 
Totis, Hungary; pianist; inventor of an 
improved keyboard not yet popularly 
accepted. He studied in Vienna and 
Berlin, and received instruction from 
Schmitt, Krenn, Bruckner and Ehrlich. 
In 1882 he invented the keyboard, for 
tte introduction of which he has made 
successful concert tours. As for an 
explanation of the nature of this key- 
board it is sufficient here to mention 
that the lessening of the span of the 
octave and the choice of three double 
rows of keys for the fingers facili- 
tates a free and easy use of fingers. 
As the invention has ceased to be a 
new one, the enthusiasm for it has 
waned, although in Germany It has 
still adherents. J. is the author of a 
valuable article on pure intonation, 
published by Stumpf in his Beitrage zur 
Musik, III. Since 1892 he has lived in 
Constantinople as Administrator of the 
Tobacco Revenue. 

JANNACONI (Janaconl), Gluseppl 
(1741-1816): b. Rome, d. there; one of 
the last composers of the Roman 
School. He succeeded Zingarelli as 
maestro di cappella at St. Peter's and 
was director at the Naples Conserva- 
tory. His compositions, still in manu- 
script in Rome, are entirely sacred in 
character, masses, a Te Deum, motets, 
antiphonies, etc. 

JAXIVEQ,1JI1V (Janequin, Jennekln), 
ClSment (16th cent.) : a pupil of Jos- 
quin of whose life little is known. 
His work is mainly secular. A few 
masses and sacred songs remain in 
manuscript in Rome, but they are over- 
shadowed by his 'program' music, con- 
sisting of part-songs (chansons), some 
with instr. accompaniment, with titles 
such as La bataille. Chant des oiseaux, 
and others. Their imitative character 
is their outstanding feature and stamp 
J. as one of the pioneers of 'tone-paint- 
ing,' i.e. the use of natural effects in 
music. Altogether J. published more 
than 200 chansons and was held in great 
honor in France, but was little known 
among his foreign contemporaries. Ref. : 
1. 276, 306; IL 351; III. 354; VII. 10; 
VIII. 284; mus. ex., XIIL 33, 34. 

JANOTHA, Natalie (1856- ) : b. 
Warsaw; a pupil of Rudorff and Clara 
Schumann, she entered the Gewandhaus 
concerts as pianist in 1874, and eleven 
years later became court pianist to the 



Janowka 

King of Prussia. She Is also known 
as a composer of pianoforte works and 

part-songs. 

JANOWKA, Thomas Balthasar 

(17th cent.) : b. Kuttenberg, Bohemia, 
ca. 1660 ; philosopher and organist at 
Prague, author of tlic first musical dic- 
tionary after Tinctoris' Difjfinitoriunit 
entitled Clavis ad ihesaurum magnae 
artis musicae (1701). 

JANSA, Leopold (1795-1875) : b. 
Wildenschwert, Bohemia, d. Vienna; 
violinist in Vienna and London, direc- 
tor of music in the University of Vien- 
na, until banished in 1849 for assisting 
in a benefit concert in London for Hun- 
garian exiles. He remained in London 
from then until 1868, a distinguished 
teacher of the violin and excellent, 
though unoriginal, composer of violin 
concertos, duets, etc. 

JANSEIV (1) Gnstav F. (1831- ) : 
b. Jever, Hanover; organist and direc- 
tor of music at Verden Cathedral; au- 
thor of Die Davidsbiindler; aus R. 
Schumanns Sturm und Drangperiode 
and collected and reedited letters and 
writings of Schumann. (2) Albert 
(1833- ): b. Cassel; philosopher 
and historian important for his re- 
searches and writings on the life of 
Jean-Jacques Rousseau as a musician. 
He has written extensively on other 
historical subjects, has acted as teacher 
of history in Landsberg, Brandenburg, 
Potsdam, St. Petersburg (where he di- 
rected the studies of Princess Olga of 
Greece), and as professor at the royal 
military academy of Berlin. 

JANSON (1) Jean-Baptlste-Aim$- 
Joseph (1742-1803) : b. Valenciennes, d. 
Paris; 'cello virtuoso and professor of 
his instrument at the Conservatoire. 
(2) XiOuis Auguste Joseph: b. Valen- 
ciennes, 1749; like his brother, a 'cellist; 
until 1815 a member of the orchestra 
of the Opera. Both were composers 
for their instrument, their works being 
chiefly sonatas, duets and trios. 

JANSSEJf (1) N. N.: Carthusian monk 
of the 19th cent., organist at Louvain, 
and author of a work on principles of 
Gregorian music, pub. 1845, and trans- 
lated into German the following year. 
(2) Julius (1852- ) : b. Venloo ; a 
gifted composer of songs, conductor 
in Portland of a music society, a men's 
choral society, of the Westphalian Mu- 
sic Festivals, etc. 

JANSSBNS, Jean-Francois-Joseph 
(1801-1835) : b. Antwerp, d. there; no- 
tary at Hoboken, Berchem and Ant- 
werp; a pupil in music of his father 
and Lesueur. J. was a composer of the 
first rank In Belgium; his works were 
both sacred and secular, masses, a Te 
Deum, psalms, symphonies, fantasies 
and comic operas. The siege of Ant- 
werp, with the consequent loss of his 
manuscripts in a Cologne hotel, caused 
his insanity, from which he never re- 
covered. 

JANUSCHOWSKY, Georglne von 



Jarnefelt 

(1859- ): b. Austria; dramatic so- 
prano and soubrette in more than 60 
operettas, comic operas; for two years, 
1893-1895, the prima donna of the Im- 
perial Opera of Vienna. She is known 
in Vienna, Leipzig, New "York, Mann- 
heim and Wiesbaden. 

JAPART, Jean (16th cent.) : a writer 
of chansons, published by Petrucci and 
in manuscript in St. Peter's, represented 
by Ambros and Eitner as a master of 
chanson form. 

JAPHA (1) GeoTS Joseph (1835- 
1892): b. Konigsberg, d. Cologne; vio- 
lin virtuoso, who, after studying at 
the Leipzig Cons, and with David, 
Dreyschock, Singer and Alard, entered 
the orchestra of the Gewandhaus. He 
toured in Russia and England; 1863 
became concert-master of the Giirzenich 
concerts and instructor at the Cologne 
Cons. (2) liOuise (Ijanghans-Japha) 
(1826- ): b. Hamburg; sister of 
George, wife of W. Langhans: pianist 
and composer. She studied with Waren- 
dorf. Gross, Grund and the Schumanns, 
became equally well-known in Ger- 
many and Parts as virtuoso and com- 
poser of pianoforte works, string quar- 
tets, songs, etc. 

JAQ,l7FS-DAL.CROZF, £inlle 
(1865- ) : b. Vienna ; studied in the Con- 
servatory and the University of Geneva, 
later with Fuchs, Bruckner and Delibes. 
He returned to Geneva in 1892 to be- 
come professor of harmony in the Cons. 
During the last two decades Jaques- 
Dalcroze has made an international 
reputation by his advocacy of the edu- 
cational value of training in rhythmic 
feeling. Schools have been started in 
Germany, France and the United States 
to put into practice his theories. An 
endowed college for the teaching of 
'Eurhythmies,' as his system is called, 
at Dresden-Hellerau, was conducted by 
J.-D. until the outbreak of the great 
war of 1914. He has written Der 
Rhythmus als Brziehungmittel fiir die 
Kunst (1907) and Methode Jaques- 
Dalcroze: I. Rhythmische Gymnastlk 
(1st vol., 1907). Besides his studies 
in rhythm, J.-D. has produced in Gen- 
eva and Paris 3 operas, an operetta, a 
light opera, and has written choral 
pieces, violin concerto, piano pieces, 
chansons, etc. Ref.: X. 719, 23iff, 247, 
249; school at Hellerau (illus.), X. 244. 

JAQ,UET. See Buus. 

JARECKI (1) Heinrich (1846- ) : 
b. Warsaw; dramatic conductor in Po- 
sen and Lemburg; composer of 7 op- 
eras, songs and other music. (2) Thade 
de: pupil of Jaques-Dalcroze at Helle- 
rau and teacher of Eurhythmies in New 
York. Ref.: X. 243. 

JXRNEFELT, Armas (1869- ) : b. 
Viborg, Finland; pupil of the Helsing- 
fors Cons., to which he returned as 
director (1906) after acting as conduc- 
tor in Magdeburg, Diisseldorf and at the 
court opera in Stockholm. His compo- 
sitions, of character and originality. 



242 



Jarno 

consist of 4 suites, overtures, symphonio 
poem, an orchestral fantasy, an or- 
chestral prelude, a serenade, part-songs, 
etc. Ref.: III. 101; Vlll. 471; X. 205. 

JARNO, GeoTs (1868- ) : b. Pesth; 
composer of 3 operas and 5 operettas, 
produced in Breslau, Hamburg, Vienna 
and Berlin. 

JARNOVIC (Giomovlche). Gio- 
vanni Mane (1745-1804) : b. Palermo, 
d. St. Petersburg; violin virtuoso in 
Paris, Berlin, Warsaw, St. Petersburg, 
London and Hamburg. Despite the ex- 
cellence of his technique and conductor- 
ship, he was forced to leave every post 
because of an irregularity of life imi- 
tative of his teacher, Lolli. He wrote 
16 violin concertos, 6 string quartets, 
duos for violin and sonatas for violin 
with bass, and showed in all the same 
grace and ease in expression illustrated 
in his playing. Ref.: VII. 436. 

JARVIS (1) Stephen (1834-1880) : d. 
London; composer of string quintets, 
pianoforte music, etc. (2) Clias. H. 
(1837-1895): b. Philadelphia, d. there; 
pianist and director of the Philadelphia 
Quintet Club, which he founded. 

JASPAR, Maorice (1870- ): b. 
Li^ge; composer of songs and instru- 
mental pieces, a student and teacher 
in the Conservatory of his native city. 
Founded the Walloon music festivals. 

JAUFRB, Rndel, Prince of Blaya. 
Ref.: I. 211. 

JAUSIONS, [Dom] Paul O. S. B. 
(1834-1870) : b. Rennes, d. Vincennes, 
Indiana, XJ. S. ; Benedictine monk in 
Solesmes; edited with Dom Gueranger 
the Milodies Grigoriennes, and pub- 
lished a Directormm chori monas- 
terii (1864). He was gathering bio- 
graphical data for a life of Bishop 
Brute de Remur of Vincennes, Ind., 
when he died. 

JAY, John George Henry (1770- 
1849) : b. Essex, d. London ; violinist, 
teacher and pianoforte composer; Mus. 
D., Cambridge, 1811. His children in- 
herited his musical talent, the son, 
John J. (1812-1849), following the ca- 
reer of violinist, one daughter being a 
pianist, the other a harpist. 

JEAN I/E COQ, or Jehan. See 
Gallus, Johannes. 

JEDLICZKA, Ernst (1855-1904) : b. 
Pultava, Russia, d. Berlin; studied with 
Nicolas Rubinstein, Tschaikowsky and 
Klindworth; eminent piano instructor 
at Moscow and in the Klindworth- 
Scharwenka Conservatory at Berlin, and 
(1897) at the Stern Conservatory there. 

JEEP, Johann (ca. 1582-ca. 1650) : 
b. Dransfeld, Hanover, d. XJlm; con- 
ductor at Weikersheim, editor of sev- 
eral collections, Studenten-Gdrtlein, and 
GeistUche Psalmen, etc.. Martini Lu- 
thers. 

JEFFRIES (1) George: composer 
of motets and anthems in English and 
Latin, organist to Charles I, Oxford, 
1643. (2) Christopher, son of George, 
an organist. (3) Stephen (1660-1712) : 



Jensen 

chorister of Salisbury Cathedral, or- 
ganist (1680) of the cathedral at Glou- 
cester, for which he composed a melody 
peculiar to the chimes. 

JEHAN. See Gallus, Johannes. 

JEHIN (1) (Jehln-Prume) Fran- 
cois (1839-1899) : b. Spa, Belgium, 
d. Montreal, Canada; violinist. He was 
an infant prodigy (studied at Liege 
Cons, at 5 years of age, performed in 
public concert the following year, and 
at 9 received a prize). Later he studied 
at Brussels Cons., then with Vieuxtemps 
and Wieniawsky and at 16 began his 
career as violin-virtuoso. He toured 
Russia, Germany, Belgium, Scandinavia 
and Holland, and, in 1863 and 1869-71, 
North America. From 1887-1896 he 
was the centre of musical life in Mont- 
real. He wrote 2 violin concertos, num- 
erous solos and about twenty songs. 
(2) I.6on (1853- ): b. Spa; conduc- 
tor successively in Antwerp, Brussels, 
Monaco and Aix-les-bains; composer 
for orchestra and violin. 

JELENSPERGBR, Daniel (1797- 
1831): b. Miililhausen, Alsatia, d. there; 
assistant to Reicha, who taught him 
theory; undertook the business man- 
agement of a publishing concern, the 
purpose of which was the publication 
of the "works of the Conservatoire pro- 
fessors who were at its head. His own 
book on the study of harmony was not 
published until after his death. 

JELINBK, Franz Xaver (1818-1880) : 
b. Kaurins, Bohemia, d. Salzburg; teach- 
er of oboe at Salzburg and choir 
leader of the Cathedral there ; composer 
of part-songs and male chorus. 

JENKINS (1) John (1592-1678) : b. 
Maidstone, d. Kimberley, Norfolk; lute- 
nist and lyra-vlolist at the courts of 
Charles I and Charles II, composer of 
2 rondels, songs, an elegy to Lawes, 
'rants' and 'fancies' (unpublished, but 
preserved in manuscript in Oxford), 
and 'Twelve Sonatas for 2 Violins and 
a Base with a Thorough Base for the 
Organ or Theorbo.' Ref.: VH. 392f. 
(2) David (1849- ) : b. Trecastell, 
Bracon; conductor of music festivals 
in Wales and professor at the Univer- 
sity of Aberystwith, composer of ora- 
torios, cantatas, an opera and an oper- 
etta. 

JENNEKIN. See Jannequin. 

JENNENS, Charles: librettist of 
Handel's 'Messiah.' Ref.: I. 442; VI. 
249. 

JENNER, Gustav (1865- ) : b. 
Keitum, Island of Sylt; director in 
Marburg of the music and concert so- 
cieties of the university; author of life 
of Brahms, whose pupil he was; com- 
poser of slight but pretty songs and vo- 
cal trios. Besides Brahms, he studied 
with Stange, Ciange, and Mandyczewski. 

JENSEN (1) Adolf (1837-1879) : b. 
Konigsberg, d. Baden-Baden; was 
mainly self-taught, having studied 
three years in all with Ehlert, Marpurg 
and Liszt. He taught music in Russia, 



243 



Jentsch 

1856, became Kapellmeister at the Po- 
sen Stadttheater, visited Gade in 1858, 
and returned to Konigsberg as teacher 
and composer with ever-growing repu- 
tation. He taught at Tausig's piano 
school in Berlin, 1866-68, and retired 
first to Dresden, then Graz and finally 
Baden-Baden. J. is one of the im- 
portant modern romantic Lied com- 
posers, and in this respect has been re- 
garded as the direct heir of Schumann. 
Of his numerous boolis of songs, rang- 
ing from op. 1 to op. 61, the majority 
are simply designated as Lieder, though 
some are in the form of cycles, such as 
Dolorosa, Gaudeamus, etc. He also 
wrote several books of choruses, 2 cho- 
ruses with 2 horns and harp (op. 10) 
and a number of piano compositions 
in small forms, including the series 
Innere Stimmen, Wanderbilder, Idylien, 
Eroticon, also 'Wedding Music' for 4 
hands, a sonata, a German suite. Ro- 
mantic Studies, etudes, fantasy pieces, 
dances, nocturnes, romances, etc. J. 
left an opera, Turandot and 2 large 
works for orchestra with chorus and 
soli, respectively. Ref.: III. 18; V. 303, 
305ff; VII. 321, 323; portrait, V. 306. (2) 
Gustav (1843-1895) : b. Konigsberg, d. 
Cologne; brother of Adolf, violinist 
and composer, who, after training from 
his father and brother, Dehn, Laub 
and Joachim, taught counterpoint at 
the Cologne Conservatory and composed 
chamber music, violin pieces, etc. He 
published Klassische Violinmusik, a 
collection of older chamber music. 

JENTSCH, Max (1855- ) : b. Zie- 
sar. Saxony; pianist in the East and in 
Constantinople; teacher in Berlin and 
Vienna; composer of works for or- 
chestra, chamber music and 2 op- 
eras. 

JEPKENS, Albert Mlcliael (1828- 
1878) : b. Weeze, d. Kempen ; teacher at 
the seminary at the latter place and 
author of three books, one a collection 
of school songs, the second sacred part- 
songs for male voices and the third 
Die neue Orgel der Pfarrkirche zu Kem- 
pen. 

JEREMIAS (1) Jaroslav: contemp. 
Hungarian composer of symphonies, 
chamber music, etc. Ref.: III. 182. (2) 
Ottokar: brother of (1); contemp. 
Hungarian composer of operas, etc. 
Ref.: III. 182. 

JEROME NAPOIifiOlV. See Bona- 

PAKTE. 

JEROME OF MORAVIA. Ref. : VII. 
370. 

JE^VITT (Jewett), Randolpli or 
Randall (1603-1675): b. possibly at 
Chester, d. Winchester; renowned Eng- 
lish organist at Christ Church and St. 
Patrick's, Dublin ; Chester Cathedral ; 
almoner and canon at St. Paul's, Lon- 
don; organist, etc., at Winchester 
Cathedral, 166t). He wrote 5 anthems 
widely sung in his time, one of which 
is preserved. 

JIMENEZ, Jeronimo (1854- ) : 

244 



Joachim 

b. Seville; zarzuela and orchestral 
composer, whose musical education was 
received at the Paris Conservatoire un- 
der Alard, Savart and Thomas. 

JIMMERTHAIi, Hermann (1809- 
1886): b. Liibcck, d. there; organist, 
organ-builder and writer. 

JIRANEK (1) (Giranek), Anton 
(1712-1761): b. Prague, d. Dresden; 
pupil of Benda and Zarth, member of 
Royal Polish chapel, Warsaw, director 
of music at Dresden, and composer of 
one published trio sonata. His daugh- 
ter was Franzisca Romana (Koch). (2) 
Josef (1855- ) : b. Ledec, Bohemia; 
performer on organ, violin, harp and 
pianoforte, which he studied under 
Smetana, Stanek, Hrimaly, and in the 
Organ School at Prague. He was harp- 
ist at the Bohemian Landestheater, then 
taught pianoforte at Kharkoff and tlie 
University of Prague. He composed 
some orchestral and chamber music, 
and pub. a series of very valuable 
technical study works for the piano- 
forte. (3) Aloys (1858- ): b. Ledec; 
brother of Josef and, like him, a pupil 
of the Prague Organ School. After 
further study with Fibich, he also 
taught at Kharkoff, and composed songs, 
works for piano and orchestra, also 
Dagmar, a dramatic opera. 

JOACHIM (1) Joseph (1831-1907): 
b. Kittsee, near Pressburg; d. Berlin; 
violinist. He was a 'wonder-child,' 
whose first appearance at Pesth, at 
the age of 7, was hailed with great 
applause, who at 12 took part in a 
Viardot-Garcia Concert in Leipzig, and 
soon after played in the Gewandhaus. 
He was a pupil of Serwaczlnski, Hau- 
ser, the elder Hellmesberger and Bohm, 
and also came under the influence of 
Mendelssohn and David. In 1844 
he first went to England, and after 
six more visits at irregular intervals, 
he became a fixture of the annual Lon- 
don season, being enthusiastically ac- 
claimed by the English public in the 
Monday Popular Concerts, the Crystal 
Palace, and throughout the provinces. 
Joachim acted as concert-master at 
Leipzig, Weimar, and at the court of 
Hanover. Going to Berlin, he became 
the head of the new Hochschule filr 
Muslk and, after its reorganization, 
became chairman of the board of di- 
rectors and head of the string de- 
partment. In 1869 he founded the Jo- 
achim Quartet, which consisted of 
J. as the first violin, Schiever, 
de Ahna, Kruse and Halir as succes- 
sive second violins, de Ahna, Rappoldi 
and Wirth as violists, and MuUer and 
Hausmann as successive 'cellists. The 
fame of this Quartet was world-wide, 
its execution unsurpassed. It appeared 
annually in Vienna, Budapest, London, 
Paris, Rome and throughout Ger- 
many. J.'s compositions Include _ 5 
overtures, 3 violin concertos, varia- 
tions for violin and orchestra, 6 
pieces for violin with piano, He- 
brew melodies, a nocturne, etc. His 



JoaimeUl 

style Is influenced rather by the school 
headed by his friend Brahms, empha- 
sizing formalistic elements as against 
the pictorial. • Ref.: 11. 413, 447; VII. 
238, 443, 445, 450f, 458 (footnote), 460; 
portrait, VII. 448. (2) Amalle Weiss 
(Sclineeweiss), wife of (1), (1839- 
1899): b. Marburg, Styria; d. Berlin; 
soprano at the Hanoverian court opera, 
1865-66, concert soprano and later con- 
tralto, famous as a singer of the Schu- 
mann songs, teacher of singing at the 
Klind"worth-Scharwenka Conservatory. 

JOANNEL.1,1, Metro (16th cent.) : 
b. Bergamo, served Maximilian II. 
compiler of Novus Thesaurus musicuSf 
a collection of motets, dedicated by him 
to the Emperor. 

JOAO IV, King of Portugal (1604- 
1656): b. Villa-Vicosa, d. Lisbon; was 
a patron of music, and a noted com- 
poser of church music, of which only 
one motet is extant; also author of 
theoretical controversial treatises, trans- 
lated into Italian. 

JOBST BRANT. See Brant. 

JOCHBR, Christian Gottlieb (1694- 
1758): b. Leipzig, d. there; philosopher 
and librarian; author of Allgemeines 
Gelehrten-Lexicon (1750), including mu- 
sical biographies, and for his doctor's 
degree, the thesis Effectus masicae in 
hominem. 

JOHANN GEORG, Elector of Sax- 
ony. Ref.: VI. 236. 

JOHANNES COTTO. See Cotto. 

JOHANNES DAMASCENUS (Jo- 
liannes Chrysorrlioas) (ca. 700-754) : 
a saint of Greek and Roman Churches, 
the earliest dogmatist in the former 
Church, reputed reformer of Byzantine 
notation and organizer of the form of 
the liturgy. 

JOHANNES DE FLORENTIA. See 
Giovanni de Cascia. 

JOHANNES DE GARIiANDIA. See 
Garlandia. 

JOHANNES DE MURIS. See Mu- 

BIS. 

JOHANNSEN, Jnlins (1826-1909) : 
b. Copenhagen, d. Paloniem, Finland; 
professor and director St. Petersburg 
Conservatory; author of book, pub- 
lished in Russian, on counterpoint. 

JOHN XXII, Pope. Ref.: I. 232f. 

JOHNS, Clayton (1857- ) : b. 
Newcastle, Del.; pupil of Paine, Sher- 
wood, Kiel, Grabow, Raif, Rummel; 
concert pianist and teacher in Boston, 
Mass. ; composed of songs, piano 
pieces, choruses. Berceuse and Scher- 
zlno for string orch., etc. He published 
'Essentials of Piano Playing.' Ref,: IV. 
353; mus. ex., XIV. 221. 

JOHNSEN, Henrik Filip (1717- 
1779): b. England, d. Stockholm; 
chamber organist to Adolf Friedrich 
von Holstein-Gottorp ; organist of St. 
Clara and Court Kapellmeister at Stock- 
holm; teacher of harmony and com- 
poser of organ and piano pieces, sym- 
phonies, songs, incidental music and 
occasional cantatas. 



Jommelli 

JOHNSON (1) John ([?]-ca. 1594): 
lutenist and composer for his instru- 
ment to Queen Elizabeth. (2) Edvrardt 
English composer of madrigals and 
music for virginal; Mus. B., Cam- 
bridge, 1594. (3) Robert ['Priest'], 
(16th cent.): b. Dunse, Scotland; in- 
habitant of England because of hereti- 
cal tendencies; composer of church mu- 
sic for the English service, a few set- 
tings to Latin words, and three secu- 
lar pieces. (4) Robert (ca. 1573?- 
1634): son of John the lutenist (1); 
meinber of King's Musicians at Mid- 
summer; lutenist and composer for vir- 
ginals, lute and viols, and of the set- 
tings for the songs in many of the plays 
of Shakespeare, Jonson, Middleton, 
Beaumont, and Fletcher. (5) John: 
Cheapside music publisher in London, 
ca. 1735-62; conducted shop known as 
the 'Harp and Crown,' a title passing 
into the hands of the Longman firm 
upon his death. (6) James: Edin- 
burgh music printer and publisher; d. 
1811; published 'The Scots Musical Mu- 
seum' (1787-1803), commended by 
Robert Bums. (7) Samnel: 18th cent, 
dancing master, playwright and com- 
poser, whose production of 'Hurlo- 
Thrumbo or the Supernatural' at the 
Haymarket, 1729, was patronized by 
Walpole. (8) [Dr.] Samnel (cited on 
Italian opera). Ref.: I. 431; IV. 202. 
(9) William Spencer (1883- ): b. 
Athol, Mass. ; music teacher and com- 
poser of songs. He studied with Perabo 
and Goetschius, Reinecke and H. Rie- 
mann. (10) Noel: English song com- 
poser. Ref.: in. 443. 

JOHNSTON, John: London pub- 
lisher, 1768-1776, when his busmess 
was taken over by Longman and 
Lukey. Among his publications are the 
early compositions of DUjdin. 

JOHNSTONE, J. Alfred (1861- ) : 
b. Ireland; studied with R. Stewart 
in Dublin; director of the music school 
of the Athenaeum, and piano teacher 
in Melbourne; author of^ 'The Art of 
Teaching Piano-playing' (1910), 'Piano 
Touch, Phrasing and Interpretations' 
(1908), 'How to Use the Pedal in Piano 
Playing,' 'The Simplicity Piano Tutor,' 
'The Royal Method for Octave and 
Wrist Technique,' 'The Royal Method 
for Scales and Arpeggios,' 'Elementary 
Ear Tests,' 'Piano Technique,' 'Essen- 
tials in Piano Playing' (1913). 

JOMMELLI (1) (or Jomelli), Nicola 
(1714-1774): b. Aversa, d. Naples; 
greatest of the Neapolitan operatic 
composers. He received his training 
from Canon Mozzillo, Durante, Feo, 
and later, while in Bologna, from 
the famous contrapuntist. Padre Mar- 
tini. His first attempts, in ballet form, 
were unsuccessful; Jommelli's vein was 
too serious for this type of music. 
With cantatas he was more fortunate, 
and his first opera, L'errore amorosa, 
prod, at Nai>les, 1737, and followed 
by Odoardo in 1738, placed him in- 



245 



Jonas 

stantly in the first rank as composer. 
So dubious had Jommelli been as to 
his probable success that he had adopt- 
ed the name of an unknown musician, 
'Valentino.' Of the more than 70 
operas produced thereafter in Rome, 
Bologna, Naples, Venice, Vienna and 
Stuttgart, all met with unvaried suc- 
cess. In 1741 he held the directorship 
of the Conservatorio degli Incurabili 
of Venice; in 1749 was maestro di cap- 
pella at St. Peter's, which he left, 1753, 
to become court conductor at Stuttgart. 
It was there, during the next 15 years, 
that he acquired the characteristics of 
the Mannheim School, and Armide, 
Iflgenia in Tanride and other operas 
are the products of this period. These, 
though considered among his best work 
to-day, were not suited to Neapolitan 
gaiety and Jommelli failed to re- 
establish himself in Italy. Besides 
operas, he wrote 4 oratorios, cantatas 
and a great deal of church music, 
masses, a Magnificat, a hymn to St. 
Peter, and the famous Miserere, writ- 
ten just previous to his death. Ref.: 
n. llff, 65 ; VII. 491 ; IX. xii, 21, 36, 41, 
59, 63, 69, 91. (2) Jeanne (1879- ) : 
b. Amsterdam; concert and operatic so- 
prano, trained by Meschaert, Stock- 
hausen and Massenet; sang Amsterdam 
Opera, 1897; Metropolitan Opera House, 
New York, 1915; Manhattan Opera 
Company, 1907-08. 

JONAS (1) fimtle (1827-1905): b. 
Paris, d. St. Germain-en-Laye, near 
Paris; a pupil of the Conservatoire un- 
der the direction of Carafa and Le- 
couppey; writer of operettas for the 
Bouffes parisiens ; 1847-66 professor of 
solf^ge at the Conservatoire, 1859-70 
professor of harmony at a military 
school for music, mus. director of the 
Portuguese synagogue; pub. Recueil de 
chants hebraiques. (2) Alberto (1868-) : 
b. Madrid; of German parentage; com- 
poser and director of the music de- 
partment at Michigan University. He 
attended the conservatories of Madrid, 
Brussels and St. Petersburg, and was 
a pupil of Olave, Mendizabal, Gevaert, 
RvLbinstein and Paderewski. He has 
composed a number of "works for the 
piano; lives in Berlin since 1904. 

JONCIfeRES, Victorien de (correct 
name, Felix-Ludger Rossignol) (1839- 
1903): b. Paris, d. there; composer and 
critic. Jonciere's career at the Conser- 
vatoire was brief; a quarrel w^ith his 
masters, Elwart and Leborne, over the 
Wagnerian controversy then disturbing 
Paris, led to his abandoning the Con- 
servatoire for independent study. Of 
his 6 operatic compositions only 
Dimitri had even a moderate success. 
His other music includes a Hun- 
garian serenade, an orchestral suite and 
a Slavic march. He was music critic 
on La Liberie, where his emphatic and 
not always judicious criticisms im- 
paired his reputation. 

JONES (1) Robert (17th cent): 



246 



Jonquiere 

English lutenist; prod, five books of 
airs, one of madrigals. (2) John (18th 
cent.) : pioneer musical promoter in 
America. Ref.: IV. 65. (3) John 
(1728-1796) : organist of St. Paul's, 
Middle Temple and Charter House; 
published, 1785, 'Sixty Chants, Single 
and Double.' (4) William 'Jones of 
Nayland' (1736-1800) : b. Lowick, North- 
amptonshire; d. Nayland, Suffolk; 
wrote 'Treatise on the Art of Music'; 
composed 4 anthems and 10 pieces for 
the organ. (5) William (1746-1794): 
b. London, d. Calcutta; author of es- 
say 'On the Musical Notes of the 
Hindus.' (6) Bdward (1752-1824): b. 
Hendblas, near Landerfel, Wales; d. 
London; member of a Welsh family 
of bards, himself bard to the Prince of 
Wales, later George IV; published com- 
pilations of Welsh bardic poetry, lyric 
airs, folk-songs of Oriental and of 
European nations, etc. (7) Griffith: 
British author of an abridged history 
of music for the Encyclopeedia Lon- 
dinensis, published separately, 1819. 
(8) Darins E. (19th cent.) : American 
musical educator. Ref.: TV. 242. (9) 
Sydney (1869- ) : contemporary 
English composer of operettas, includ- 
ing 'A Gaiety Girl,' 'The Geisha,' 'The 
Greek Slave' and 'San Toy'; also 2 
ballets, etc. Some of his operettas 
were produced in Germany, and most 
of them with great success in the U. S. 
(10) Griffitb Rhys, or Caradog (1834-) : 
h. Trecynon, Wales; conductor of the 
'Cor Caradog' and at the Crystal Pal- 
ace, where he was the leader of the 
winning choir in the competitions. (11) 
Arthur Barclay (1869- ): b. Lon- 
don; studied at Guildhall School of 
Music, where he later became instruct- 
or; compositions include a C-minor 
Symphony, pieces for 'cello, for piano 
and for organ. (12) Inlgo: English 
architect. Ref.: X. 83, 84. 

JONGEN (1) Joseph (1873- ): 
b. Liege; studied at the (ions, there, 
winning the prix de Rome, and in 
Berlin, Munich, Leipzig, Dresden, Paris 
and Italy; professor of counterpoint at 
the Liege Cons, and organist of the 
Episcopal seminary and the Church of 
St. Jacob; has lived in Brussels since 
1904; composer of a string quartet, a 
'cello sonata, 2 piano trios, 2 violin 
sonatas, a piano quartet, a violin con- 
certo, a 'cello sonata, an orchestral 
fantasy on 2 Walloon Christmas songs, 
a symphonic poem and other works for 
orchestra, an opera, Jelyane, men's 
choruses, songs, piano, organ and har- 
monium pieces, etc. (2) Leon (1884-) : 
b. Lifege; brother and pupil of 
(1) ; composer of the opera Maria 
Josephe, and the cantata La nait de 
Noel. 

J0NQ,TJH;RE, Alfred (1862-1899) : 
b. Berne, d. Berlin; author of a work 
on musical acoustics, 1898. His stud- 
ies were pursued in Berne, Stockholm, 
Basel, at the Leipzig Conservatory im- 



Jonson 

der Hilf and Jadassohn, and in Berlin 
under Markees and Joacliim. 

JONSON, Ben. Ref.: VI. 141; IX. 
29; X. 83, 84. 

JORDAST, Jules (1850- ) : b. Wil- 
limantic. Conn.; conductor and com- 
poser; received vocal instruction in 
Boston, London and Paris; conductor 
of Grace Church choir, Providence, and 
of the Arlon Club. In 1898 he pub- 
lished a comedy-opera, 'Rip Van Win- 
kle,' and has written also a cantata 
with orch., etc. (2) Eben D. (d. Bos- 
ton, 1917): American musical patron; 
benefactor of the New England Cons. 
(the concert hall of which was named 
after him), the Boston Opera Co., etc. 
Ref.: IV. 172, 249. 

JORDANI, JoSo (1793-1860) : b. 
Lisbon, d. there; player and teacher 
of bass-viol at the Conservatory; com- 
poser of ballets, masses and other sa- 
cred music. Caetano, his brother, was 
conductor in Lisbon of the San Carlos 
Theatre. 

J0RGE1V-JB1VSB3N, Elna: contem- 
porary Danish ballet dancer. Ref.: X. 
165ff. 

JORN, Carl: contemp. dramatic 
tenor; appeared in Germany and at the 
Metropolitan Opera House, New York, 
in principal operatic rdles, etc. Ref.: 
TV. 153. 

JOSB3PFY, Rafael (1853-1915): b. 
near Pressburg, d. New York; studied w. 
Moscheles, Tausig, Liszt; toured Europe 
as pianist, settled first in Vienna, then 
New York, "where he became professor 
at the National Cons, ; composer of 
piano pieces; pub. 'School of Advanced 
Piano Playing' (1892). 

JOSEPH I, German Emperor (1678- 
1711): b. Vienna, d. there; music pa- 
tron and composer (works pub. by 
Adler, 1892). 

JOSEPH II, Austrian Emperor: mu- 
sic patron at the time of Haydn and 
Mozart; amateur 'cellist. Ref.: H. 15, 
22, 49 (footnote), 106, 124; IX. 83, 87. 
JOSEPHINE, French Empress. Ref.: 
n. 197; IX. 157. 

JOSEPHSON, Jacob Axel (1818- 
1880): b. Stockholm, d. Upsala; studied 
in Dresden, Leipzig and Rome; director 
at the University and the Philharmonic 
Society of Upsala, organist of the ca- 
thedral there and composer of national 
songs, cantatas, etc. 

JOSftTJIN DES PRfiiS, or Desprez, 
de Pr6s, etc. (ca. 1450-1521) : b. Hai- 
nault (Conde ?) ; d. Cond^; said to have 
been a pupil of Okeghem in Paris; 
chapel singer in Milan from 1474, at 
Papal chapel 1484-94, director of Cam- 
brai Cathedral choir 1495-99, in Modena, 
1499, probably in Paris, 1500, in Fer- 
rara, 1503, and finally prebendary at 
Conde. Of his works are preserved: 
3 books of 4-part masses (17 in all) 
printed by Petrucci as Mtssae Josquin 
(1502, etc., 1505, etc., and 1514, etc.), 
reprinted together by Junta in Rome 
(1526) and severally by Antiquus and 



247 



Jiillen 

Petrejus; also the masses Pange lingua. 
Da pacem and Sub tuum praesidium, 
printed by Graphaus (Missae xiii, 
1539) ; other masses in MS. in the Papal 
chapel archives, the libraries of Mu- 
nich, Vienna, Basle, Berlin, Ratisbon, 
Cambrai, etc.; also motets in Petrucci's 
Odhecaton (1501-5), by Peutinger, and 
m various other 16th cent, collections. 
P. Attaignant, Tylman Susato and Le- 
Roy & Ballard pub. special editions of 
Josquin motets. J.'s French chansons 
were printed by Attaignant, Susato 
and du Chemin. Some of his works 
have been in part transcribed into mod- 
ern notation and may be examined 
in the Bibliothek far Kirehen musik 
(1844), in collections by Commer, 
Rochlitz and Choron. and the histories 
of Ambros, Kiesewetter, Burney, Haw- 
kins and others. Ref.: I. 252ff, 269, 
288, 296, 298, 313; VI. 48, 49ff; mus. 
ex., XIII. 24; portrait, I. 252. 

JOSS, Viktor (1869- ) : b. Prague; 
author of biographies of Mozart, Fr. 
Wieck, Dvofak, etc.; editor of the 
Prague Deutsche Abendblatt (Addenda). 
JOTEYKO, Thaddens (1872- ) : 
b. Poczuiki; pupil of Gevaert and 
Noszkowski; composer of music for or- 
chestra, also a 'cello sonata, string 
quartet, part songs, etc. 

JOURET (1) Theodore (1821-1887): 
b. Ath, Belgium; d. Kissingen; music 
critic on Guide musical, L'art, etc., 
Brussels ; composer of male quartets, 
a one-act opera, etc. (2) Leon (1828- 
1905) : b. Ath, d. Brussels; successful 
composer of 2 operas, 25 folk-songs of 
Belgium, and church choral music. He 
studied and later taught at the Brussels 
Conservatory. 

JOURNBT, [Hippolyte-Jules-] Mar- 
cel (1869- ) : b. Grasse, Alpes Mari- 
times, France; operatic bass in 
Brussels, Covent Garden and Metropoli- 
tan Opera, N. Y. His repertoire in- 
cludes 8 Wagner operas, 23 Italian, 58 
French. Ref.: IV. 148f. 

JOUSSE, J. (1760-1837): b. Orleans, 
France; d. London; vocal and piano 
teacher and writer of text-books; one 
of them, 'Lectures on Thoroughbass' 
(1819), revised and reprinted, appeared 
as 'A Catechism of Music' (New York, 
1894). 

JOUT, £tlenne (19th cent.) : libret- 
tist of Rossini's Tell. Ref.: II. 188, 
197; IX. 157. 

JUDENKUNIG, Hans (16th cent.- 
1526) : b. Schwabisch-Gmiind, d. Vi- 
enna; lutenist at Vienna and author of 
2 of the earliest German compilations 
for the lute, written 1523, and pre- 
served in the court library at Vienna. 
Ref.: VL 374. 

JUE, £doaard (b. Paris, 1794) : pu- 
pil of the Conservatoire, and of Galin; 
teacher and author of three books on 
the Meloplast method. 

JULIEJV (1) Marcel Bernard (1798- 
1881): b. Paris, d. there; author of 2 
books on the music of the ancients. 



Jamilhac 

also De I'itude de la musique dans les 
pensions des demoiselles. (2) Lonls- 
Antolne (1812 - 1860) : b. Sisteron, 
Basses- Alpes; d. Paris; for a short 
time studied "with Hal6vy at tlie Con- 
servatoire; conductor, who toured Great 
Britain and America, composer of pop- 
ular music. His failure in an opera 
venture of his own opera in London 
led to his being thrown into the debt- 
ors' prison, and consequent insanity. 
(3) Jean Luclen Adolphe (1845- ) : 
son of Marcel Bernard; music critic, 
contributor to the Revue et Gazette 
musicale, Le Minestrel, the Chronique 
musicale; pub. L'opira en 1788 (1873) ; 
La musique et les philosophes du 
XDiii' slide (1873) and several other 
works on the musical life of the 18th 
century; also Weber a Paris en 1826 
(1877) ; Histoire du costume au thedtre 
(1880), Goethe et la musique (1880), 
Mozart et Wagner a Vegard des Fran- 
dais (1881), Hector Berlioz (1882), 
Richard Wagner, sa. vie et ses oenvres 
(1886, English by J. B. Lung, 1901), 
Hector Berlioz, la vie et le combat, les 
ceuvres (1888), Musiciens d'aujourd'hui 
(2 vols., 1891, 1894) and Musique 
(1895). 

jrrmiLHAC, Dom Pierre Benott de 
(1611-1682): b. Castle St. Jean de 
Ligour, Limoges; d. St.-Germains-des- 
Pr6s ; Benedictine monk, author of La 
science et la pratique da plain- 
chant. 

JVNCK, Benedetto (1852- ) : b. 
Turin; composer of part-songs, a ro- 
mance, 2 violin sonatas, a string quar- 
tet, etc. He received his instruction 
from Bazzini and Mazzucato. 

JUNGMANIV (1) Albert (1824-1892): 
b. Langensalza, d. Pandorf; business 
manager for Spina in Vienna ; composer 
of salon music. (2) Louis (1832- 
1892): b. Weimar, d. there; pupil of 
Liszt, teacher and composer of chamber 
music in Weimar. 

JtJlVGST, Hugo (1852- ) : b. 
Dresden; conductor of male choral so- 
ciety, and composer of male choruses, 
titular professor and Royal Musik- 
direktor. 

JUNKER, Karl Lndwig (ca. 1740- 
1797) : b. ohringen, d. Rupertshoven, 
near Kirchberg; composer of 3 piano 
concertos, a cantata, a melodrama, and 
wrote Zwanzig Komponisten (Mann- 
heim composers, etc.), other books 
on musical subjects, among them Die 
mnsikalische Geschichte eines Autodt- 
dakts in der Musik. 

JUNNE, Otto (1854- ) : founder 
In 1887 of the music publishing house 
of O. Junne, Leipzig; took over the 
publications of Theodor Barth, Berlin, 
and a number of smaller houses, and 
the representation of A. Durand & Co. 
and other French firms. Erhard 
Schultz (b. 1879) entered the firm 



Juvenal 

in 1905 and became sole owner of the 
Leipzig firm of O. Junne in 1909; J. 
continued alone the publishing busi- 
ness of Schott frferes, Brussels, which 
he had purchased in 1889; the Leipzig 
firm of O. Junne calls itself 'a branch 
of Schott freres.' 

JUNOD, Henry A. iJef.. (cited) 
L 8. 

JUNTA (1) Lnea Antonio: 15th 
cent, publisher, who (1494) produced 
vocal parts of liturgies. (2) Giacomo: 
b. Florence, doubtless of the same 
family; reprinted the publications of 
Petrucci. 

JUON, Panl (1872- ): b. Moscow; 
studied violin with Hfimaly, composi- 
tion with Taneieff, Arensky and Bargiel. 
He taught In Berlin the following years 
and in 1906 became teacher of com- 
position In the Royal Hochschule. His 
compositions include 2 string quartets; 
sonatas for violin, viola, 'cello; piano 
trio, piano sextet, octet (piano, strings, 
and wind), piano quintet, piano quar- 
tet, string quintet, etc.; violin concerto, 
violin pieces; a symphony, orch. fan- 
tasy, serenade, suite, 2 ballet suites; 
piano pieces and songs. He pub. a 
'Practical Harmony' and translated 
Modest Tschaikowsky's 'Life' of his 
brother into German (1904). Ref.: VII. 
333; VIII. 419. 

JUPIN, Cliarles-FrancoiN (1805- 
1839): b. Chamb^ry, d. Paris; violin 
virtuoso; composer of fantasies, trios 
and a violin concerto, etc. 

JCRGENSON, Peter Ivanovitcli 
(1836-1904) : b. Reval, d. Moscow; 
founder of a music publishing house 
in Moscow in 1861. Through Rubin- 
stein he became purveyor to the Con- 
servatory, later a director of tlie Im- 
perial Russian Musical Society. His 
house, whicli now has world-rank, 
brought out chiefly the works of Rus- 
sian composers (Glinka, Rimsky-Kor- 
sakoff, Tschaikowsky, etc.), but also 
theoretical works (translations of Rie- 
mann's works, etc.), and the first cheap 
complete editions of Mendelssohn's, 
Schumann's and Chopin's piano works. 
J.'s two sons Boris and Grigori con- 
tinued the firm after his death. 

JUTTNER, Paul Karl (1864- ) : 
b. Grflditz, Silesia; pupil of the Royal 
Academic Institute for Sacred Music at 
Berlin, also of Blumner, Kretzschmar 
and Wolf; organist and leader of choir 
in the Church of the Holy Cross, vocal 
teacher in the 12th Realschule. He 
composed motets, male choruses and 
pieces for organ. 

JUUL, Asger (1874- ) : b. Co- 
penhagen; studied piano and composi- 
tion under Hansen, Rosenhoff and Rie- 
mann; teacher and critic of music in 
Copenhagen, where he has published 
songs and pianoforte pieces. 

JUVENAL. Ref.: X. 74. 



248 



KAAN-ALBfiST, Helnrich van 

(1852- ): b. Tarnopol, Galicia; stud- 
ied in Prague; accompanied Dvorak to 
London, 1884 ; pianist, professor at 
Prague Conservatory 1890, and di- 
rector there 1907. He wrote a trio 
(prize-crowned), piano concertos, piano 
etudes, symphonic poem Sakuntala, 
suite and eclogues for orch. He wrote 
the first large Czech ballet, Bajaja, and 
a pantomime Olim (1905), in which he 
endeavored to raise this type to a high 
artistic level, with historic fidelity in text 
and music. He also wrote 2 operas. 

KADE (1) Otto (1819-1900): b. 
Dresden, d. Doberan ; pupil of J. Otto 
and Joh. Schneider; founder of the 
Cacilienverein of Dresden (for the cul- 
tivation of old church music) ; mus. 
director of the Dreikonigskirche, Dres- 
den, and of the Palace choir at 
Schwerin; hon. Dr. phil., Leipzig, 1884. 
He wrote liturgical music for the Evan- 
gelical church, on old Gregorian melo- 
dies, pub. a chorale book, contributed 
to musical journals and wrote books 
on early Lutheran chorales (Luther, 
Walther) and German secular songs, 
monographs on Le Maistre (1862) and 
Heinrieh Isaak; edited Vol. V of Am- 
bros' Geschichte der Mustk, and pub. 
old Passion music (before Schiltz). (2) 
Relnhard (1859- ) : b. Dresden, son 
of (1) ; Gymnasium professor, wrote 
a catalogue of the music collection in 
the Royal Library in Dresden (1890), 
and essays on Christoph Demantius and 
Antonius Scandellus (1914). 

KADEN, Richard (1856- ) : b. 
Dresden; studied there and became 
violist in the court orchestra and teach- 
er of violin and ensemble at the Con- 
servatory; director of the Pedagogical 
Music School founded by Frl. von 
Mertschinska (whom he married) ; lec- 
turer on musical pedagogy and ses- 
thetlcs, and pub. some of his lectures; 
also revised the Baillot-Roche violin 
school; pub. 50 violin duets with po- 
etic explanations, 100 violin pieces with 
indications for phrasing, etc. ; com- 
posed a symphony, sinfonietta, over- 
ture, etc. 

KADIiETZ, Andreas (1859- ) : 
b. Dobrushka, Bohemia; studied at the 
conservatories of Prague and St. Pe- 
tersburg; concert-master at the Impe- 
rial Russian Opera there; singing 
teacher; wrote violin methods, one 
opera, and three ballets. 



K 



Kahn 

_ KABMPFERT, Max (1871) : b. Ber- 
lin ; studied in Paris and Munich, con- 
cert-master of the Kaim Orchestra there ; 
conductor and director in Eisenach 
and Frankfort-on-Main ; composed one 
Volksoper, besides instrumental pieces 
(orchestral rhapsodies, quartets, etc.). 

KAPPKA (or Kawka) Johann 
Christian (real name J. C. Engel- 
mann) (1754-1815) : b. Ratisbon, d. 
Riga; lived in Breslau, Dessau, St. Pe- 
tersburg and Riga, where he was con- 
nected with the stage as actor, singer 
and composer of ballets and Slngspiele. 
Besides these, he wrote 2 oratorios, 
symphonies, and other church music. 

KAFKA (1) Johann Nepomuk 
(1819-1886): b. Neustadt, d. Vienna; 
abandoned law for music and wrote 
easy and brilliant salon pieces for 
piano. (2) Heinrieh (1844- ) : b. 
Strazowitz, Bohemia ; studied at the 
Organ School in Prague, taught music 
in Vienna, and composed operas, a 
symphonic poem, trios for piano, son- 
atas for violin, etc. 

KAHL. (1) Helnrich (1840-1892): 
b. Munich, d. Berlin ; studied in Mu- 
nich; conducted the Royal Orchestra of 
Wiesbaden, and at theatres in Riga, 
Stettin, Aachen, etc.; director of the 
chorus of the Berlin court opera. Royal 
Kapellmeister, 1880. (2) Oscar W. 
(1862-1910) : b. Thuringia, d. Baltimore; 
teacher at the Peabody Institute there. 

KAHLERT, August Karl Timo- 
theus (1807-1864) : b. Breslau, d. there; 
student of law and of philosophy, 
which he taught at Breslau; contributor 
to musical journals, and pub. Ton- 
leben, books on aesthetics, also a vol- 
ume of letters. 

KAHIV (1) Robert (1865- ): b. 
Mannheim; studied with Lachner, Kiel, 
Rheinberger, Brahms, and Joachim; 
director in Leipzig of a ladies' choral 
society, teacher of composition at the 
Berlin Royal High School; Royal Pro- 
fessor, 1903; composer of chamber mu- 
sic (string quartet, 3 piano quartets, 
trios, clarinet trio, 3 violin and 2 
'cello sonatas), Konzertstiick for violin, 
works for chorus and orchestra and 
many songs, duets, etc., also a Lieder- 
spiel, Sommerabend. (2) Otto H. 
(1867- ): b. Mannheim; brother of 
(1) ; banker in New York and London; 
musical patron; chairman of the board 
of directors of the Metropolitan Opera 
Co., New York, director of the Boston 



249 



Kahnt 

Opera House, financial supporter of the 
quondam Century Opera House, New 
York, and benefactor of talented stu- 
dents. Ref.: rv. 155fi portrait, IV. 
172. 

KAHNT, Christian Frledrich 
(1823-1897) : founder of a music pub- 
lishing house in Leipzig; from 1868 
nominal editor of the Neue Zeitschrift 
fur Musik. His publishing house 
brought out several important works 
by Liszt, etc. As 'C. F. Kahnt Nach- 
folger' the flrm passed to Oscar 
Schwalm, 1886, to Dr. Paul Simon, 
1888, and Alfred Hoffmann, 1902. 

KAIM, Franz (1856- ) : b. Kirch- 
heim, near Stuttgart; student of phil- 
ology and literature at Stuttgart; orig- 
inated the Kaim concerts in Munich, 
which became the centre of musical ac- 
tivity there, and which counted among 
their directors H. Windersteln, Her- 
mann Zumpe, Ferd. Lowe, Siegmund 
von Hausegger, Weingartner and oth- 
ers. The Kaim orchestra was super- 
seded by the Konzertverein, directed by 
Lowe, in 1908. 

KAISER (1) Karl (1837-1890) : b. 
Leipa, Bohemia, d. Vienna; student 
of philosophy, soldier and (1874) 
founder of a music school in Vienna. 

(2) Rnaolf (d. 1914) : son of Karl (1) 
and his successor as head of the school. 

(3) Emll (1850- ) : b. Coburg; band 
leader in Prague, theatre conductor in 
Vienna and composer of 6 operas; 
later lived in Munich wrhere he has 
written music to a number of farces. 

(4) Alfred (1872- ) : b. Brussels ; 
composer of ballet, operetta, comic 
opera, incidental music, etc., also a 
piano concerto, a symphony, 3 sere- 
nades for string orch. and chamber 
music. Ref.: IX. 425. 

KAISERLING, Count, Russian am- 
bassador to the Saxon court, for whom 
Bach's 'Goldberg Variations' were 
written. Ref.: VII. 83. 

KAJANUS, Robert (1856- ): b. 
Helsingfors; studied with Jadassohn, 
Richter and Reinecke; founder, after 
his return from Paris and Dresden, of 
an orchestral school in Helsingfors, 
also symphony chorus and the Phil- 
harmonic Orchestra (developed from 
the Orchestral Society) . His composi- 
tions are of nationalistic character, and 
include 2 rhapsodies, 2 symphonic 
poems, an orchestral suite, a festival 
hymn, songs, cantatas and pieces for 
the pianoforte. Ref.: IH. 100. 

KAIiAPATI, B. (1869- ) : b. Eu- 
patoria, Crimea; composer of vocal 
music and sonatas for the pianoforte. 

KAL.BECK, Max (1850- ) : b. 
Breslau; studied at Munich University, 
and at the Munich School of Music; 
critic of the Breslau Schlesische Zei- 
tung; then successively of the Breslauer 
ZeitunQt the Vienna Allgemeine Zeitung 
and Neue Wiener Tageblatt. He is the 
author of Wagner's Nibelungen (1876) 
and Parsifal (1889) : also Wiener 

250 



Kalkbrenner 

Opernabende (collections of criticisms, 
1885); Opernabende (2 vols., 1898), 
Humoresken und Phantasien (1896) ; 
biographies of Joh. Christian Gilnther 
(1879) and Dan. Spitzer (1894), Das 
Biihnenfestspiel zn Bayreuth (1877), 
and a large biography of Brahms (4 
vols., 1904-14). He also edited Brahms' 
correspondence with E. von Herzogen- 
berg (2 vols., 1906), and re-translated 
classic opera texts, translated re- 
cent ones and wrote several original 
librettos. Ref.: (citations, etc.) II. 450, 
455; VH. 543. 

KALINNIKOPF, Vastly Sergei- 
Tltch. See Kallinikoff. 

KAIilSCH, Paul (1855- ): b. 
Berlin; operatic tenor, trained by 
Leoni, sang Berlin court opera, Vienna, 
Cologne, Wiesbaden, North America and 
Europe. He married Lilli Lehman in 
New York. 

KAIilSCHER, Alfred Christlleb 
Calomo Ludwig (1842-1909) : b. 
Thorn, d. Berlin; at first interested in 
languages, but became more and more 
devoted to music; studied composition 
under Karl Bohmer; edited the Neue 
Berliner Musikzeitung, 1873; secretary 
of the Berlin Music Teachers' Society, 
1879-88; taught music and became 
docent at the Humboldt Academy. His 
most important literary works are 
those on Beethoven, long articles which 
appeared at first in various journals, 
including the series Aus Beethovens 
Frauenkreis, Beethoven und Berlin, etc. 
He also pub. Neae Beethovenbriefe 
(1902) ; Die Macht Beethovens (1903) ; 
also edited Beethoven's complete letters 
(6 vols., 1906-8) and other Beetho- 
veniana. 

KAIiKBREHNBR (1) Christian 
(1755-1806) : b. Minden, Hanover, d. 
Paris; pupil of Becker and Rodewald; 
Kapellmeister to the Prussian Queen, 
and to Prince Henry; later (1799) chef 
de chant at the Paris Op^ra. He wrote 
operas, chamber music, piano pieces, 
etc., of ephemeral nature; also a 'His- 
tory of Music,' a 'Theory of Composi- 
tion,' and other similar works. (2) 
Pricdrich ■Wilhelm Michael (1788- 
1849) : b. en route to Berlin, d. Eng- 
hien-les-Bains, near Paris; son of (1); 
studied with his father; then piano 
with Adam and theory with Catel, at 
the Paris Cons, where he took first 
prizes in 1801, finally with Clementi 
and Albrechtsberger at Vienna. He 
successfully appeared as concert pian- 
ist at Berlin, Munich, Stuttgart, Paris 
and London and was in great vogue as 
teacher. In 1818 he took up Logier's 
newly-invented Chiroplast, simplified 
it, and applied it practically. In 1824 
he became a partner in the Pleyel piano 
factory and visited Germany in 1833, 
and Belgium in 1836. K.'s method of 
teaching aimed at the independent de- 
velopment of the fingers and wrist, 
which is the foundation of modem 
octave playing; it also developed left- 



Kalliuil£o£( 

hand technique, and a proper manage- 
ment of the pedals. Despite his fine 
technique, his round, rich tone and 
graceful style, K.'s playing lacked 
depth and strong feeling. His etudes 
(some for the left hand alone) are the 
most valuable of his works, which also 
include 4 piano concertos (one for 2 
pianos), a septet for piano, strings and 
2 horns, and other chamber music; 15 
sonatas, rondos, fantaisles, variations, 
caprices, etc. He wrote a Methode pour 
apprendre le pianoforte a I'aide du 
guide-mains and a Traiti d'harmonie 
du pianiste (1849). Ref.: VII. 64, 176. 

KAL,l,INIKOFF, Vasili Sergele- 
Tltch (1866-1901): b. Voina (Govt, of 
Orloff, Russia), d. Jalta; composer; 
studied at the Moscow School of Music 
under Iljinski and Blaramherg; second 
conductor of the Italian Opera, Mos- 
cow, but was forced to go south on 
account of a lung disease to which he 
finally succumbed. He wrote 2 sym- 
phonies (G min. and A) ; 2 intermezzi 
for orch. ; a suite for orch. ; 2 sym- 
phonic poems ('The Nymphs' and 
'Cedar and Palm') ; music to Tolstoy's 
Czar Boris; prologue to the opera 
'1812'; a cantata Johannes Damascenus; 
a choral ballad with orch., Russalka; 
string quartet; piano pieces, and songs. 
Ref.: III. 140; VIII. 466. 

KAIil.I'WODA (1) Johann Wenzes- 
laus (1801-1866): b. Prague, d. Karls- 
ruhe: violinist; pupil of Pixis at 
Prague Cons. 1810-16; 1816-22 played 
in the theatre-orch. ; was Kapellmeister 
to Prince Fiirstenberg at Donauesching- 
en, 1823-53, then lived in Karlsruhe. He 
wrote 2 operas, a mass, 7 symphonies, 
14 overtures, and 13 fantasias for orch. 
violin, double violin concerto, 7 con- 
certinos, 3 string quartets, 3 string 
trios, and solos; also choruses, duets, 
and songs, including the popular 
Deutsche Lied. Ref.: III. 168; VH. 418, 
445; Vin. 232. (2) Wilhelm (1827- 
1893) : b. Donaueschingen, d. Karls- 
ruhe, son of (1), pupil of his father, 
then Leipzig Cons.; musical dir. of 
Karlsruhe Catholic church; court 
Kapellmeister at Karlsruhe; pianist and 
teacher; composer of light, pleasing 
piano pieces, songs, and male cho- 

KAL.L,WITZ (or Kalwitz). See 
Calvisius. 

KAL.TENBORN. Franz (1865- ) : 
b. Homburg vor der Hohe; was taken 
to America In childhood; studied in 
New York; violinist in various orches- 
tras there, viola player in Schmidt- 
Herbert and Maud Powell string quar- 
tets; organized a string quartet under 
his name in 1895; organized orchestra 
for popular summer concerts in New 
York, in various halls, in parks under 
municipal auspices and for private en- 
gagements in various cities, and has 
conducted it since 1898. 

KAMIEIVSKI, Matblas (1734-1821) : 
b. Odenburg, Hungary, d. Warsaw; 



251 



Karajan 

the first composer of Polish opera; 
produced Nedza Vzczesliwiona, 1778, in 
Warsaw. He wrote 5 other Polish op- 
eras produced in Warsaw, 2 German 
ones, which were not performed, and 
church music. 

KAMMEL, Anton (1740-1788) : b. 
Hanna, Bohemia; went to Italy and 
studied under Tartini; lived in Prague 
and London, and wrote for the violin, 
other stringed instruments and harpsi- 
chord, also symphonies and masses. 

KAMMERLANDER, Karl (1828- 
1892) : b. Weissenhorn, Swabia, d. Augs- 
burg; cathedral conductor and composer 
of church music; poet and composer 
of songs. 

KXMPF, Karl (1874- ): b. Ber- 
lin; studied there; composed a sym- 
phonic poem, orchestral suites, a ballad, 
violin sonata, songs, piano pieces and 
compositions for the Normal-Harmoni- 
um. 

KAIVDLFR, Franz Sales (1792- 
1831) : b. Klosterneuburg, Lower Aus- 
tria, d. Baden, near Vienna; studied 
with Albrechtsberger, Salieri and Gyro- 
wetz; lived for many years in Italy, 
studying Italian music and its his- 
tory; contributed many articles to the 
Vienna Musikalische Zeitung (1816-17), 
the Leipzig Allgemeine musikalische 
Zeitung (1821), the Cacilia (1827), the 
Revue musicale (1829), etc.; author of 
Cenno storico-critici intorno alia vita 
ed alle opere del celebre compositore 
Giov. Adolfo Hasse, detto it Sassone 
(1820), Vber das Leben und die Werke 
des G. Pierluigi da Palestrina, genannt 
der Fiirst der Musik (1834), Cenni 
storico-critici sulle vicende e to stato 
attuale della musica in Italia (1836). 

KANNE, Friedricli August (1788- 
1833) : b. Delitzsch, d. Vienna; aban- 
doned the study of theology and of 
medicine for that of music; edited the 
Vienna Allgemeine musikalische Zei- 
tung, became a defender of Beethoven's 
music. His own compositions are op- 
eras and singspiele, masses, sonatas 
and songs. 

KAPPEY, Jacob Adam (1826-1907) : 
b. Bingen, d. Chatham; bandmaster in 
England of the Royal Marines; wrote on 
wind bands and composed an opera 
and a cantata. 

KAPSBERGER, Johann Hlerony- 
mns von ([?]-ca.l650) : German born, 
but lived in Vienna about 1604, and 
later in Rome; here he became known 
as a virtuoso on the theorbo, lute, etc., 
as well as a composer in the new Flor- 
entine style; gained favor at the court 
of Pope Urban VIII by his fawning 
flattery ; extremely vain, but an excellent 
musician. His chief works include In- 
tavolatura di chitarrone (1604) ; Villan- 
elle a 1, 2 e 3 voci (4 books, 1610, 1619, 
1619, 1623) a musical drama, Fetonte 
(1630), etc., etc. 

KARAJAN, Theodor George von 
(1810-1873): b. Vienna, d. there; sec- 
ond director of the Vienna court library. 



Karasowski 

■wrote an important monograph on 
Haydn. 

KARASOWSKI, MoTitz (1823-1892) : 
b. Warsaw, d. Dresden ; studied with 
Kratzer; 'cellist in orchestras of War- 
saw, Berlin, Vienna, Dresden, Munich, 
Cologne and Paris; royal 'cellist at 
Dresden; composed for 'cello and piano 
and wrote on Chopin, Mozart and the 
history of the Polish opera. 

KARATIGIN, W. G.: contemp. Rus- 
sian composer; editor of Moussorgsky's 
works. Ref.: III. 161. 

KARBL, Rudolf: contemp. Bohemian 
composer (symphony, symphonic poem, 
etc.); pupil of Dvorak. Ref.: III. 182. 

KARG-ELERT, Slgfrid (1879- ) : 

b. Oberndorf-on-the-Neckar; studied 
at Leipzig Conservatory with Reinecke, 
Jadassohn, Tamme, Homeyer, Wend- 
ling and Reisenauer (having received 
assistance from the latter, as well as 
Grieg and Reznicek) ; taught at Magde- 
burg Cons., but soon returned to Leip- 
zig. He is a composer of ultra-modern 
tendencies (influenced by Debussy, 
Schonbcrg, etc.) ; pub. a great number 
of compositions, many of which are 
written particularly for the *Art Har- 
monion* (sonatinas, sonatas, partita, 
'Aquarells,' Scenes pittoresques, 'Mon- 
ologues,' 'Improvisation,' madrigals, 
orchestral studies, 'Intarsien/ duos for 
harmonium and piano, etc.) ; others 
for organ (passacaglia, fantasy and 
fugue, chorale improvisations, pre- 
ludes and postludes, etc.). He has 
also pub. sonatas, sonatinas and genre 
pieces for piano, a violin sonata, a 
partita for violin alone, violin duets, a 
'cello sonata, an orchestral suite, a 
string quartet, sacred songs with organ 
and violin, songs, piano concerto, a 
symphonic legend for violin, and 12 
motets entitled 'The Christian Church 
Year,' an 8-part hymn for Whitsun- 
tide and a 12-part Requiem aefernam. 
He also wrote a number of study works 
for the art harmonium, including 
Theoretisch-praktische Elementarschule, 
Die Kunst des Registrierens , Hohe 
Schule des Legatospiels and Die Har- 
moniumtechnik (Gradus ad Parnas- 
sum). Ref.: VI. 489. 

KARGANOFP, Genari (1858-1890) : 
b. Kvareli, Russia, d. Rostoff-on-Don ; 
pianist and composer of instructive 
pieces and other compositions for piano. 
Ref.: VII. 333. 

KARL, Tom (1846- ): b. Dublin; 
pupil of Phillips, Sangiovanni and 
Trivuizi ; tenor in Italian opera and 
with 'The Bostonians,' in comic opera; 
vocal teacher in New York. 

KARL EUGEN, Duke of Wilrttem- 
berg. Ref.: II. 12. 

KARL. THEODOR, Elector of the 
Palatinate. Ref.: II. 64. 

KAROW, Karl (1790-1863) : b. Alt- 
Stettin, d. Bunzlau, Silesia; teacher 
and composer of motets, chorals, piano- 
forte pieces, etc. He wrote also a man- 
ual for school singing. 



Kashperoff 

KARPATH, Ludwls (1866- ) : b. 
Budapest; studied at the conservatory 
there; critic in Vienna, writer of 3 
volumes on Wagner's life, art and let- 
ters. 

IiA.RSAVIIVA, Tamara: contempo- 
rary Russian ballerina ; member of 
Diaghileff's Rallet Russe, appeared with 
great success (Paris, London) with Ni- 
jinsky, etc., in modern ballets by Stra- 
vinsky, etc. Ref.: X. 171, 176, 183, 188, 
220, 221, 222, 226, 227f, 229, 231, 248; 
portrait, X. 224. 

KASANLI, Ntcolal iTanovitch 
(1869- ) : b. Tiraspol ; studied at 
Odessa and the St. Petersburg Cons.; 
composed a sinfonietta, orch. fantasy 
w. voices, symphony, etc., and directed 
the yearly symphony concerts of Rus- 
sian music given in Munich, Prague 
and elsewhere. 

KASATCHENKO, Nicolai Ivano- 
vitch (1858- ) : conservatory stu- 
dent and chorus-master of the Imp. 
Opera, St. Petersburg; concert director 
there and abroad; composed operas, an 
overture, a symphony, a ballet suite, 
oriental suites, a fantasy, cantata, etc. 

KASCHKIN. See Kashkin. 

KASHIN, Daniel Nikitlch (1773- 
1844) : b. Moscow, d. there; serf on the 
Bibikoff estate, who studied with Sarti 
and composed folk and patriotic songs, 
3 operas which were produced at Mos- 
cow, works for piano, for chorus and 
cantatas. 

KASHINSKI, Victor (1812-1870): 
b. Vilna; studied with Eisner; prod. 
2 operas ('Fenella' and 'The Wander- 
ing Jew') in Vilna and Warsaw, trav- 
elled in Germany with Lwoff, then 
became conductor of the Imperial Alex- 
ander Theatre, St. Petersburg, where he 
composed 2 more operas, incidental 
music, cantatas, choruses, marches, 
songs, etc. He wrote a 'History of the 
Italian Opera' (1851). 

KASHKIN, Nicolai Demetrieviteli 
(1839- ): b. Voronesh; contributor 
to musical journals, writer of musi- 
cal theory and history and of an 
elementary text book, also an 'Outline 
of Russian Musical History' (1908) ; 
'Recollections of P. I. Tschaikowsky' 
(1896) ; translator of H. Riemann's 
'catechisms' of musical history and of 
acoustics, and other German works into 
Russian. Ref.: HI. 53. 

KASHPEROFF, Vladimir Niklt- 
itch (1827-1894) : b. Simbirsk, d. Ro- 
manzevo, near Moshaisk; pupil of 
Voigt and Henselt, in St. Petersburg; 
wrote his first opera, 'The Gypsy,' in 
1850; studied under Dehn, in Berlin, 
1856, where he became intimately ac- 
quainted with Glinka; went to Italy, 
where he produced the operas Maria 
Tudor (1859); Rienzi (Florence, 1863); 
and Consuelo (Venice). His last opera, 
Taras Rulba, was produced in Moscow 
(1893). He was professor of singing 
in the Moscow Cons., 1866-72. K. also 
wrote considerably on music. 



252 



Easkel 

KASKBIi, Karl, Frciherr von 
(1866- ) : b. Dresden ; studied with 
Reinecke, Jadassohn and WuUner; 
wrote Hochzeitsmorgen (Hamburg, 1893), 
Sjula (Cologne, 1895, as Die Bettlerin 
vom Pont des Arts, Cassel, 1899), Der 
Dusle und das Babeli (Munich, 1903), 
Der Gefangene der Zarin (Dresden, 
1910), Die Nachtigall (Stuttgart, 1910), 
also a ballad for orch. Ref.: III. 257; 
K. 425. 

KASSMEYER, Moritz (1831-1884) : 
b. Vienna, d. there; violinist at the 
Vienna court opera; wrote masses and 
other church music, vocal music (solo 
and in parts), 5 string quartets, suite 
for string orch. and an opera; distin- 
guished as musical humorist. 

KASTALSKI, Alexander Dmitrle- 
-vltch (1856- ) : pupil of Tschai- 
kowsky, TaneiefF, etc., at the Moscow 
Cons.; assistant and later regent of 
the Synod School there; composer of 
church music (28 pieces), also 2 Rus- 
sian choruses; also piano pieces; lead- 
ing representative of the modern move- 
ment in Russian church music. Ref.: 
III. 143. 

KASTNER (1) Jobann Georg (1810- 
1867) : b. Strassburg, d. Paris ; theorist 
and conductor; Kapellmeister in the 
city militia, Strassburg, 1830; studied 
in Paris under Berton and Relcha. 
His works on music include Cours 
d' instrumentation consideri sous les 
rapports poitiqnes et philosophiques 
de I'art (1839) ; Grammaire musicale 
(1837) ; Manuel general de musique mil- 
italre (1848), etc. As a composer he 
has produced a considerable number 
of operas; these include Beatrice 
(1839) ; La Maschera (Paris, 1841) ; the 
great Biblical opera, Le dernier roi de 
Juda (1844) ; the comic opera, Les 
nonnes de Robert le Diable (1845) ; 
also various instrumental pieces and 
choruses for male voices, etc. (2) 
Georg Friedrich Eugcn (1852-1882) : 
b. Strassburg, d. Bonn; son of (1), 
physicist and inventor of the 'pyro- 
phone'; also the author of Thiorie 
des vibrations et considerations sur 
I'ilectriciti (Paris, 1876). (3) Em- 
erleh (1847- ): b. Vienna; stud- 
ied under Bibl and Plrkert; was editor 
of the Vienna Musikalische Zeltung; 
and author of a Richard Wagner Kata- 
log (1878) ; Bagreuth (1884) ; Wagner- 
iana (1885) ; Die dramatischen Werke 
Richard Wagners (1899). (4) Alfred 
(1870- ): b. Vienna; harpist; stud- 
ied in the Vienna Conservatory; played 
in the opera at Warsaw; teacher of 
the harp at Pesth Academy, 1892-98; 
has composed some pieces for the 
harp. 

KATE, Andre ten (1796-1858): b. 
Amsterdam, d. Haarlem; pupil of Ber- 
telmann; 'cellist and composer of op- 
eras, successful in Amsterdam, chamber 
music, chorals, etc. 

KATONA, Josef, Hungarian drama- 
tist. Ref.: III. 190. 



253 



Eann 

KATJBR, Ferdinand (1752-1831): b. 
Klein-Thaya, Moravia, d. Vienna; opera 
conductor in Vienna, where he wrote 
more than 100 operas and Slngsplele, 
which had considerable vogue, and two 
of which. Das Donauweibchen and 
Die SternenkSnigin (printed), were 
long popular; also symphonies, ora- 
torios, cantatas, church music, cham- 
ber music, songs, and study works for 
violin, flute and clarinet. 

KATJFPMANN (1) Ernst Friedrich 
(1803-1856) : b. Ludwlgsburg, d. Stutt- 
gart; gymnasium professor at Heil- 
bronn, where he composed more than 
35 songs in simple, expressive style. 

(2) Emll (1836- ) : b. Ludwigsburg; 
son of (1) ; director of music at the 
Tubingen University; doctor of philos- 
ophy and professor; composed songs, 
choruses, and sonatas. (3) Fritz 
(1855- ): b. Berlin; studied at the 
Royal High School there and in Vienna; 
leader of society and symphony con- 
certs, also of the Kirchengesangverein 
at Magdeburg; composed concertos for 
violin, for 'cello and for piano, piano 
sonatas, a dramatic overture, trios, 
quartets and quintets, etc. 

KAUPMAIVN (1) Georg Frledrlcli 
(1679-1735) : b. Ostramondra, Thurin- 
gia, d. Merseberg; director of the court 
chapel and organist at Merseberg, com- 
poser for piano and organ, also of 
part-songs; wrote treatises (not print- 
ed), incl. a tract, 'Introduction to all 
ancient and modern Music,' and pub. 75 
chorales with preludes. (2) Jobann 
Gottfried (1752-1818) : b. Siegmar, near 
Chemnitz, d. Frankf ort-on-Main ; maker 
of mechanical music boxes in Dresden. 

(3) Friedrich (1785-1866) : b. Dresden, 
d. there; son of Jobann G. (2), with 
whom he constructed the 'Belloneon,' 
the 'Harmonichord,' the 'Chordaulodion' 
and other ephemeral mechanical con- 
trivances. His 'Salpingion' and 'Sym- 
phonion' were ancestors of the 'Orches- 
trion* constructed by his son. (4) 
Friedrich Theodor (1823-1872): in- 
ventor of the 'Orchestrion' (1851) and 
founder of a manufactory which is now 
managed by Tlieodor K. (1867- ). 

KAULBACH, Wilhelm von, Ger- 
man painter. Ref.: VIII. 314. 

KAULICH, Josef (1827-1900): b. 
Florinsdorf, near Vienna, d. there; 
wrote 7 grand masses, a Requiem, dance 
and military music. 

KAinV, Hngo (1863- ) : b. Berlin; 
studied at the Royal High School, Ber- 
lin, also with the Ralfs (horn and 
piano) and Kiel (composition) ; teacher, 
director and composer in Milwaukee 
until 1900, when he returned to Berlin 
and was made a member of the Berlin 
Royal Academy in 1912. He wrote 
chamber music (3 string quartets, 1 
quintet, 2 trios, octet for wind instru- 
ments) ; 3 symphonies, piano concerto, 
a 1-act opera, 'The Pietist' ('Oliver 
Brown') ; symphonic poems, symphonic 
prologue, orch. humoresque, orch. suite. 



Kayser 

overture, choral 'works, piano pieces, 
and songs. Ref.: IV. 449; VI. 358. 

KAYSER (1) Fhilipp Chrlstoph 
(1755-1823): b. Frankfort, d. Zurich; 
piano virtuoso and composer. (2) 
MatthHus (1730-1810) : d. Frankfort- 
on-Main; organist and friend of Goethe. 
(3) Helnrich Ernst (1815-1888) : b. 
Altona, d. Hamburg; violinist in theatre 
orchestra there, teacher and composer 
of violin studies. 

KAZACHENKO, G. A. (1858- ); 

Russian composer and chorus-master 
at the Imperial Opera, St. Petersburg. 
Ref.: III. 145; IX. 415. 

KB3ARNS, WilHam H. (1794-1846) : 
b. Dublin, d. London; violinist and 
composer. 

KEATS, Jolm, the poet. Ref.: I. 
xlv. 

KEEBLE, J. (1711-1786) : b. Chiches- 
ter, d. there; teacher, composer and or- 
ganist. 

KEEIiBY, Marie Ann (nie Goward) 
(1805-1899) : b. Ipswich, d. London; 
English soprano; sang in Weber's 
Oberon and in musical comedy. 

KEISER, Reinhard (1674-1739) : b. 
Teuchem, near Weissenfels, d. Ham- 
burg, studied with his father and at 
the Thomasschule, Leipzig. After pro- 
ducing a pastoral, Ismene (1692), and 
a grand opera, Basilius (1693) success- 
fully at Brunswick, he went (1693) to 
Hamburg, already famous for its Ger- 
man opera. Here he "wrote 116 or 
more operas in 39 years (1696-1734). 
Some of these had such popular sub- 
jects as Die Leipziger Messe, Der Ham- 
burger JahrmaTket, and Die Hamburger 
Schlachtzeit, being the first of their 
kind in Germany and, unlike their 
predecessors, of wholly original design, 
uninfluenced by French and Italian 
models, and full of dramatic vigor. 
H. became manager of the Hamburg 
opera, and married into a patrician 
Hamburg family. He became court 
conductor in Copenhagen in 1722, and 
canon and cantor of the Catharinen- 
kirche, Hamburg, in 1728. Besides his 
operas he wrote passions, oratorios, 
cantatas, motets, psalms, airs, duets, 
etc., pub. in such collections as R. 
Reisers GemHths-Ergotzung, bestehend 
in einigen Sing-Gedichten, m^it einer 
Stimme und unierschiedlichen Instru- 
menten (1698) ; Divertimenti serenis- 
simi; Musikalische Landlust; Kaiser- 
llche Frtedenspost, etc. Ref.: I. 415, 
422ff, 425, 452ff; V. 164; VH. 7; IX. 31, 
45, 53, 54, 189. 

KfiLER B£:L.A (Albert Ton Keler) 
(1820-1882): b. Bartfeld, Hungary, d. 
Wiesbaden; became interested in music, 
1845 ; studied under Schlesinger and 
Sechter at Vienna; played the violin 
in the Theater an der Wien, Vienna, 
and became known for his dance mu- 
sic and marches; was leader of GungPs 
band in Berlin for a short time, suc- 
ceeded Lanner as leader of his band 
in Vienna, in 1855, then became miii- 



KeUey 

tary Kapellmeister in Vienna, holding 
a similar position in Wiesbaden after 
1863. His overtures are favorites in 
band concerts, etc. 

KELLER (1) Johann Andreas 
(17th cent.) : court organist in Heidel- 
berg and teacher of Princess Liselotte; 
organist of the Heiligenkapelle, then 
court musical director (till 1685) ; com- 
posed 5-part chorales, psalms, etc., not 
preserved. (2) Gottfried (17th cent.) : 
German teacher of clavier-playing; 
lived in London in the latter part of 
the 17th century. After his death ap- 
peared his 'Complete Method of At- 
taining to Play a Thorough-bass upon 
Cither, Organ, Harpsichord or Theorbo- 
lute" (1707) ; 'Rules for Playing a Thor- 
ough-bass' (1731). His works also 
include 6 sonatas for 2 flutes and bass 
and 6 others for trumpet, or oboe, viola 
and bass. (3) David: musical director 
of the German church in Stockholm; 
wrote Treulicher Vnterricht im General- 
bass (1732). (4) Max (1770-1855) : b. 
Trossberg, Bavaria, d. Altotting; pro- 
duced much church music, especially 
masses, organ pieces, etc. (5) Karl 
(1784-1855) : b. Dessau, d. SchaSfhausen ; 
brilliant flute player; court musician 
in Berlin, Cassel and Stuttgart, till 
1816; made several concert tours; be- 
came theatre Kapellmeister in Donaue- 
schingen, where his wife, Wilhelmine 
Meierhofer, was engaged as singer. He 
has written some concertos, solos, duets, 
variations, etc., the majority for wind 
as well as some popular songs. (6) 
P. A. G.: inventor of a mechanism for 
the purpose of improvising on the 
piano, which he named pupitre impro- 
visateur, in conjunction with which he 
published a Methode d' improvisation 
(1839). (7) Otto (1861- ): b. Vi- 
enna; editor of musical publications; 
wrote a number of biographies (Bee- 
thoven, Goldmark, etc.), also an il- 
lustrated Musikgeschichte (1894). 

KELLEY, Edgar Stillman (1857-) : 
b. Sparta, Wisconsin; pupil of F. W. 
Merriam, Clarence Eddy, etc., in Chi- 
cago and of Seifriz (comp.), Krilger 
and Speidel (piano), and Friedrich 
Flnck (organ) in Stuttgart. He was 
organist in Oakland and San Francisco, 
Cal. ; conductor of a comic-opera com- 
pany 1890-1; teacher in various schools 
in California and New York, incl. the 
New York College of Music; music 
critic for the San Francisco 'Examiner' 
(1893-95), and lecturer on music in the 
Univ. of New York (extension) ; taught 
for a time in Berlin, then at Cincinnati 
Cons.; now lives in Oxford, Ohio. He 
wrote for orchestra ('Aladdin' suite; 
New England symphony, etc., inciden- 
tal music to 'Macbeth'), chamber music, 
piano pieces (2 and 4 hands), songs, 
etc., also a comic opera, Puritania 
(Boston, 1892). He wrote 'Wagner the 
Musician,' and 'Chopin the Composer' 
(1913). Ref.: TV. 368ff, 462; mus. ex., 
XIV. 224. 



254 



Kellle 

KELUE, liawrence (1862- ) : b. 
London; studied at the Royal Academy 
of Music; tenor at Covent Garden and 
composer. 

KELLNER (1) Johann Peter (1705- 
ca. 1785) : b. Grafenroda, Thuringia, d. 
there; pub. Certamen musicum (1748- 
9), which includes preludes, fugues and 
dance pieces for clavier; Manipulus 
musices (1753), organ compositions, as 
well as other works. (2) Joliann 
ChrlstopU (1736-1803): b. Grafenroda, 
d. Cassel, son of (1) ; studied under 
his father and Georg Benda at Gotha; 
became court organist at Cassel. 
Among his works are 7 concertos for 
clavier; various sonatas for same; 
trios, fugues, organ pieces, etc.; also 
an opera. Die Schadenfreude. (3) 
GeoTs; Christoph, d. 1808; writer and 
teacher in Mannheim; author of Ideen 
zu einer neuen Theorie der schonen 
KiXnste iiberhaupt and der Tonkanst 
insbesondere (1800) ; also composed 
some songs, organ pieces, etc. (4) 
Ernst Angmst (1792-1839) : b. Windsor, 
England, d. London; descendant of Jo- 
hann Peter K. (1) ; an infant prodigy, 
played at the age of 5 in the Royal pal- 
ace, where his father was violinist; 
studied under Crescentini in Naples, 
1815 ; was extremely successful as pi- 
anist and singer at Vienna, St. Peters- 
burg, Paris and London; finally be- 
came organist of the Bavarian band 
in London. 

KELL,OGG, Clara Lonisa (1842-) : 
b. Sumterville, S. C; operatic soprano; 
made her d^but at the Academy of 
Music, New York, 1861; London d£but, 
1867; very successful In lyric and 
soubrette roles; organized an English 
opera company in New York, 1874. 
In 1887 she married the impresario 
Karl Strakosch and retired. Ref,: IV. 
159. 

KEIiliY (1) Tbomas Alexander 
Ersklne [Lord Pittcnweem], Earl of 
(1732-1781): b. Castle Kellie, d. Brus- 
sels; pupil of Johann Stamitz at Mann- 
heim; enthusiastic an>ateur; Stamjtz 
dedicated his celebrated trios, op. 1, 
to him, and K. himself pub. 6 trio 
sonatas, and 14 symphonies in Lon- 
don ; his minuets and trios were printed 
after his death. An overture by him 
was played in the Pasticio II giocatore, 
by Carbonini, Jommelli and Abel in 
Edinburgh, 1763; another, to 'The Maid 
of the Mill' (1765), was very popular. 
After selling part of his estates, K. 
lived in Brussels. Ref.: IV. 70. (2) 
IMichael (1762-1826): b. Dublin, d. 
Margate; Irish tenor, studied with 
Rauzzini, Fenaroll and Aprile. He ap- 
peared in Palermo, Leghorn, Florence, 
Bologna, and Venice, and in Vienna 
was engaged at the Hofoper for 4 years. 
Here he became a friend of Mozart, 
creating the role of Basllio in the 
production of Figaro. From 1787 to his 
retirement he sang leading tenor rdles 
at Drury Lane, Loudon. He composed 



[de] Kerle 

music for no less than 62 stage pieces, 
also many songs between 1789 and 
1820. A music shop kept by K. failed; 
his next venture, in the wine trade, 
elicited Sheridan's famous mot, char- 
acterizing him as 'a composer of wines 
and importer of music' K.'s 'Remi- 
niscences,' full of amusing musical 
anecdotes, appeared in 1826. Ref.: 
(cited) vn. 502. 

KELWBY (1) Thomas ([?]-1749) : 
d. England; organist and composer. 
(2) Josepb ([?]-1782): brother of 
Thomas; performer on harpsichord, 
for which he also composed. 

KEMBL.E, Adelaide (b. 1814) : 
daughter of Charles Kemble and singer 
in opera. 

KEMP, Joseph (1778-1824) : b. Exe- 
ter, d. London; pupil of William Jack- 
son; organist in Bristol, then London; 
taught piano in London; author of 'The 
New System of Musical Education'; 
composed many anthems, psalms, songs, 
duets, several melodramas, also 'Musi- 
cal Illustrations of the Beauties of 
Shakespeare' and 'Musical Illustrations 
of Scott'; was editor of the 'Vocal 
Magazine.' 

KEMPIS, Nicolas a (17th cent.) : b. 
Florence, organist at Brussels; pub- 
lished masses, motets, symphonies, etc., 
at Antwerp. He is remarkable for his 
cultivation of the instrumental canta- 
bile style (violin sonatas, 1644). Ref.: 
VII. 478. 

KEMPTBR (1) Karl (1819-1871) : b. 
Limbach, Bavaria, d, Augsburg; was 
musical director in the cathedral at 
Augsburg. His works include various 
masses, oratorios and a book of church 
songs. (2) Lothar (1844- ): b. 
Lauingen, Bavaria; nephew of (1); at 
first studied at Munich, then at the Royal 
Music School under Billow, Rheinberger 
and Barmann; became musical direc- 
tor in Magdeburg, then in Strassburg; 
Kapellmeister in Ziirich, where, in 1879, 
he directed the popular concerts in the 
Tonhalle and finally succeeded Gustav 
Weber as teacher of theory and com- 
position at the music school. His works 
include 2 operas; choruses for male 
voices and orchestra; solos for violin 
and clarinet, etc. 

KENJT, P (18th cent.) : horn vir- 
tuoso; b. in Germany, played at the 
Paris Opera and in the French national 
guard; teacher of the horn at the Con- 
servatoire till 1802. He composed horn 
duets and trios, also duets for horn 
and clarinet. 

KENT, James (1700-1776) : b. Win- 
chester, England, d. there; chorister at 
Chapel Royal, organist in Cambridge 
and Winchester, composer of anthems 
and other Anglican church music. 

KEPLER, Johannes (1571-1630) ; b. 
Wiirttemberg, d. Ratisbon; celebrated 
astronomer, whose writings (Har- 
monices mundi, libri V, 1619) treat of 
music in a philosophical manner. 

[de] KBRIiE], Jacobus (1531[?]- 



255 



KerU 

1591) : b. Ypres, d. Prague; organist 
or Kapellmeister at Orvleto, at the court 
of Cardinal Otto Truchsess von Wald- 
burg in Augsburg, in Rome, Dillingen, 
Ypres and elsewhere; Imperial court 
chaplain In Prague under Rudolph II; 
a composer of the strict polyphonic 
school who exercised considerable in- 
fluence, especially in Augsburg. His 
compositions include hymns (1558), 
vesper psalms (1561), a Magnificat 
(1561), Preces speciales pro salubri 
generalis concilii successu^ etc. (1562), 
masses, motets, madrigals, etc. 

KBRLl, (or Kerl, Kherl, Chcrl), 
Jotaann Caspar (1627-1693) : b. Adorf, 
Saxony, d. Munich ; famous German 
organist, studied with Valenti in Vi- 
enna, and Carissimi and Frescobaldi 
in Rome. He was court Kapellmeister 
at Munich (1658-73), and is then said 
to have lived in Vienna as organist 
and teacher. His compositions include 
Modulatio organica super Magnificat, 
octo tonis — organicis respondens (pre- 
ludes, interludes, postludes; Munich, 
1686) ; toccatas and suites for harpsi- 
chord (MS.) ; a trio for 2 violins and 
bass viol (MS.), and many vocal works. 
Including cantiones, masses, kyrles, 
etc., many MS. Ref.: I. 384; VI. 431. 

KERNOCHAN, Marshall (1880-) : 
American composer of songs, etc., resi- 
dent in New York. Ref.: TV. 437; mus. 
ex., XIV. 320. 

KES, Willem (1856- ) : b. Dor- 
drecht; pupil of Nothdurft and Ferd. 
Bohm; also of David of Leipzig Con- 
servatory and, later, by virtue of a 
subsidy from the King of Holland, at 
Brussels Conservatory; prominent vio- 
linist and director; concert-master at 
Amsterdam, 1876-83; director of a mu- 
sic school at Dordrecht and leader of 
the orchestra there; became leader of 
the Scottish orchestra, Glasgow, 1896- 
8 ; director of the Moscow Philharmonic 
Society, 1900-4; director of the Con- 
servatory at Koblenz, 1905. His works 
include a symphony, a ballad for 
chorus, several overtures, a violin son- 
ata, songs, etc. 

KESSLER (1) Ferdinand (1793-1856) : 
b. Frankfort-on-Main, d. there; bril- 
liant violinist and teacher ; studied with 
his father, a double-bass player, and 
theory under VoUweiler; became a 
teacher of theory, Fr. Wullner being 
one of his pupils; pub. several sonatas 
for the piano, rondos, etc. (2) Fried- 
rich: author of Der musikalische 
Gottesdienst (1832) ; Kurze und fass- 
liche Andeutungen einiger Mangel des 
Kirchengesangs (1832) ; and Das Gesang- 
buch von seiner musikalischen Seite 
aus betrachtet (1838). (3) (corr. 
KiStzIer), Josepli Christoph (1800- 
1872) : b. Augsburg, d. Vienna; reared in 
Prague, Feldsberg and Vienna; studied 
piano under Vllek, in Feldsberg; be- 
came a brilliant teacher of the piano, 
was private music teacher of Coimt Po- 
tocki in Lemberg. His studies are of 



Kiefer 

permanent value and have been used 
by Kalkbrenner, Moscheles and others 
in school work. 

KETTEN, Henri (1848-1883): b. 
Boga, Hungary, d. Paris; pianist and 
composer of salon music. 

KBTTBNUS, Aloy.s (1823-1896) : b. 
Verviers, d. London ; studied at the Liige 
Cons.; concert-master at Mannheim; 
composed one opera, violin pieces, etc. 

KETTERER, Eugen (1831-1870) : b. 
Rouen, d. Paris; pianist and composer 
of salon pieces. 

KEURVELS, Edward H. J. (1853-) : 
b. Antwerp; studied with Benoit; 
repetitor at the Royal Theatre, Ant- 
werp, and since 1882 Kapellmeister at 
the Flemish National Theatre; also 
conductor of orchestral and choral con- 
certs ; composer of operas, and smaller 
stage pieces, cantatas, a mass with or- 
gan, ballads, songs, etc. 

KBUSSLER, Gerliard von (1874-) : 
b. Schwanenburg, Livonia; studied at 
the Leipzig Conservatory; Dr. phil, 
from the University there; director in 
Prague of singing societies, composer 
of symphonic poems, etc. 

KEWITSCH (Kiewics), [Karl] 
Theodor (1834- ) : b. Posiege, West 
Prussia; pupil of his father, an organ- 
ist, and of Maslon; oboist, teacher and 
organist in various places, pensioned 
in 1887, then editor of the Musikkorps 
(1891-92), the Hannoversche Musi- 
kerzeitung, the Militarmusikerzeitung 
(1893-97) and the Deutsche Militar- 
musikerzeitung; composer of vocal 
church music, etc. 

KEY (1) Francis Scott (1780-1843) : 
American patriot, wrote the words of 
'The Star Spangled Banner' to the tune 
of 'Anacreon in Heaven.' Ref.: IV. 
325ff. (2) Ellen, Swedish author. Ref.: 
III. 77. 

KIALLMARK (1) Georse (1781- 
1835) : b. Kings, Lynn, d. Islington; vio- 
linist and composer. (2) George 
Prederiels; (1804-1887) : b. Islington, d. 
London ; pianist. 

KIDSOTT, Frank (1855- ): b. 
Leeds; though a landscape painter, he 
turned his attention to the study of 
musical history, especially of the old 
English and Irish folksongs; was a 
contributor on this subject to the sec- 
ond edition of Grove's 'Dictionary' and 
the founder of the Folk-Song Society. 
He pub. 'Old English Country Dances' 
(1889); 'Traditional Tunes'; a 'Collec- 
tion of Ballad Airs' (1890) ; 'British 
Music Publishers' (1900) ; 'The Min- 
strelsy of England"; 'Songs of the 
Georgian Period'; 'British Nursery 
Rhymes'; 'Children's Songs of Long 
Ago'; and 'Eighty Singing Games for 
Children.' 

KIEFER, Helnrlch (1867- ) : b. 
Niirnberg; brilliant 'cellist; studied at 
the Royal Conservatory at Munich, 1883 ; 
at Stuttgart, 1884-7; and at Frankfort- 
on-the-Main, 1887-90; was solo 'cellist 
in the Philharmonic Orchestra in Leip- 



256 



Klejcher 

zig, 1896; then in the Berlin Philhar- 
monic Orchestra, 1898; teacher in the 
Stern Cons., Berlin, 1900-1; since then 
has lived in Munich, where he was one 
of the founders of the Munich String 
Quartet. 

KIBJCHEIR, Bartolomans (1548- 
1599) : b. Cracow; member of the Royal 
Polish court orchestra, and maker of 
clavicembali, string and wind instru- 
ments. 

KIEL, Friedricli (1821-1885): b. 
Puderbach, near Slegen, d. Berlin. At 
first self-taught, then pupil of Prince 
Karl von Wittgenstein, who took him 
into his orchestra in 1835, and of Kas- 
par Kummer in theory (Coburg). In 
1840 he became leader of the ducal 
orch., and teacher to the Duke's chil- 
dren. Later, by virtue of a stipend 
from King Friedrich Wilhelm IV, he 
studied under Dehn at Berlin, 1842-44, 
and there continued to reside, compos- 
ing steadily. In 1862 the Stem Gesang- 
verein prod, his Requiem (op. 20), and 
with this his reputation was assured. 
He became a member (1865) and sena- 
tor (1870) of the Akademle. Engaged 
in teaching piano privately and com- 
position in Stem's Cons, until 1870, he 
was made Royal professor, 1868, and 
teacher of composition at the Hoch- 
schule, 1870. His compositions, of se- 
verely classic cast, include 2 Recjuiems; 
a Missa solemnis; an oratorio, Christus, 
a Stabat Mater, 130th Psalm (both fe- 
male chorus, soli and orch.) ; a Te 
Veum (1866) ; motets for female and 
for mixed chorus, 4 orchestral marches; 
a piano concerto; a sonata each for 
'cello and viola, 2 string quintets, 3 
string quartets, 2 sets of waltzes for 
string quartet, 7 trios, 4 violin sonatas; 
many piano pieces and songs. Ref.: 
III. 16. 

KIEIlVIiElX, Jobann Christopb 
(1784-1830): b. Ulm, d. Dessau; stud- 
ied in Munich and with Cherubini in 
Paris ; municipal Musikdirektor in Ulm ; 
lived subsequently in Munich, Vienna, 
Baden, Pressburg, and for a time held 
a position with Prince Radziwell in 
Posen; composed the music to Goethe's 
Claudine von Villa Bella and other 
stage works; known especially for his 
numerous songs. 

KIENZL, Wilhelm (1857- ): b. 
Waizenkirchen, Upper Austria; com- 
position pupil of Dr. W. Mayer in Graz, 
studied further in Graz, Prague, Leip- 
zig, Vienna (Dr. phil. Vienna Univ., 
with Die musikaltsche Deklamation) ; 
joined Wagner in Bayreuth, 1879, lec- 
tured on music in Munich, 1880, opera 
conductor at Amsterdam and Crefeld, 
later Hamburg and the Munich court 
opera till 1893, then returned to Graz. 
He composed chamber music (trio, 
string quartet), pieces for string orch., 
piano pieces and songs; also the op- 
eras Urvasi (Dresden, 1886, rev. 1909) ; 
Heilmar der Narr (Munich, 1892) ; Der 
Evangelimann (Berlin, 1895, frequent 



KUbum 

ly perf. elsewhere) ; Don Quixote (tragi- 
comedy, Berlin, 1898) ; Knecht Rup- 
precht's Werkstatt, fairy play (Graz, 
1907) ; and Der Kuhreigen (Vienna, 
1811; English in Liverpool, 1914), 
which has enjoyed wide popularity. 
He also revised Jensen's posthumous 
opera Turandot, and wrote extensively 
on music in periodicals, collected in 
Miscellen (1896) ; Aus Kunst and Leben 
(1904) ; Im Konzert (1908) ; Betrach- 
tungen. nnd Erinnernngen (1909) ; also 
pub. a biography of Wagner (1904, 
1908), and a simplifled version of Bren- 
del's Mnsikgeschichte. Ref.: HI. 243; 
IX. 423f. 

KIESEWETTER, Raphael Georg 
[Edler von Weisenbrunn] (1773- 
1850) : b. Holleschau, Moravia, d. Ba- 
den, near Vienna; musicographer. He 
was an amateur musician, followed a 
government career and as attach^ of 
the Imperial Ministry of War travelled 
in various countries until 1801. Then, 
in Vienna, he studied counterpoint with 
Albrechtsberger and Hartmann. An in- 
defatigable collector of old musical 
MSS., he finally devoted himself to 
historical research, was elected a mem- 
ber of many musical and scientific so- 
cieties, and was ennobled in 1845, K. 
was the uncle of A. W. Ambros, the 
historian. He pub. Die Verdienste der 
Niederldnder urn die Tonkunstj etc. 
(1826 ; Dutch trans. 1829) ; Geschichte 
der europdisch-abendlandischen oder 
unsrer heutigen Musik (Leipzig, 1834; 
2nd ed. 1846) ; Vber die Musik der 
neuern Griechen, nebst freien Gedanken 
iiber altdggptische und altgriechische 
Musik (1838) ; Guide von Arezzo, sein 
Leben und Wirken (1840) ; Schicksale 
und Seschaffenheit des weltlichen Ge- 
sangs vom frilhen Mittelalter bis zur 
Erflndung des dramatischen Styles nnd 
den Anfdngen der Oper (1841) ; Die 
Musik der Araber nach Originalguellen 
(1842) ; Der neuen Aristoxener zerstreute 
Aufsdtze (1846); Vber die Octave des 
Pythagoras (1848) ; Galerie alter Con- 
trapunctisten; a catalogue of his old 
scores, bequeathed to the Vienna Li- 
brary (1847), and many essays on 
Gregorian notation, tahlatures, on 
Franko of Cologne, etc., pub. in the 
Allgemeine musikalische Zeilung. Hand- 
ler's 'Life of Palestrina' (1834) was 
pub. under his supervision. Ref.: 
(citations, etc.) I. 249, 311; V. 40; VI. 
48. 

KILBURIV, IVlcholas (1843- ) : b. 
Bishop Auckland, Durham; director of 
the Musical Society there since 1875, 
since 1882 of the Musical Union of 
Middlesborough and since 1885 of the 
Philharmonic Society of Sunderland; 
composer of a church oratorio, a can- 
tata, an overture, an orchestral suite, 
psalms and church services, secular 
choruses, also violin and piano pieces; 
author of 'Notes and Motions on Mu- 
sic,' 'How to Manage a Choral Society,' 
'Wagner, a Sketch,' 'Parsifal and Bay- 



257 



Kilenyl 

reuth,' 'Story of Chamher Music' 
(1904). 

KIIiENYI, I^dward (1884- ): b. 
Bekessentandras, Hungary; was edu- 
cated at Budapest and Szarvas; stud- 
led at the Scuola Musicale Natlonale, 
Rome, at the Cologne Cons, and with 
Cornelius Riibner and Daniel Gregory 
Mason at Columbia Univ., New York 
(Mosenthal Fellowship, 1913) ; teacher 
of theory in New York; composer of 
a string quartet, overture to a play of 
H. Kleist, 'The Cry of the Wolf,' an 
American one-act opera, variations on 
an old English tune (for violin and 
piano) ; edited 'Spanish-American Folk- 
songs' (with Eleanor Hague, 1914) ; 
contributor of articles on modern har- 
mony to musical journals; contributor 
to 'The Art of Music' 

KIMBAlIi, Joslah (1761-1826) : b. 
Topsfleld, Mass., d. there; teacher and 
composer of psalm tunes. 

KIND, Priedrlcli I. (19th cent.) : au- 
thor of the text of Weber's Freischiitz. 
Ref.: n. 405; VI. 148; IX. 193, 194. 

KINDER, Ralph (1876- ) : Amer- 
ican organist and composer for the 
organ, resident in Philadelphia. Ref.: 
VI. 501. 

KINDBRMANN (1) Johann Eras- 
mus (1616-1655): Nuremberg organist; 
pub. many sacred songs to 1652. Ref.: 
VI. 430. (2) August (1817-1891) : b. 
Potsdam, d. Munich; famous baritone; 
began his career at 16 as singer in the 
Berlin Court Opera; later sang in Leip- 
zig and subsequently at the court opera, 
Munich, where he became very popu- 
lar. 

KINDSCHER (1) [Johann Ludwig] 
Gottfried (1764-1840) : b. Dessau, d. 
there; pupil of Rust; organist of the 
Schlosskirche in Dessau; pub. songs; 
author of Anweisung zu Ausiveichan- 
gen in alle Dur- und Molltonarten 
(1812), Anleitung zam Selbstunterricht 
im Klavier- und Orgelspielen (1817). 
(2) [Heinrich Karl] Ludwig (1800- 
1875): b. Dessau, d. Worlitz; son and 
pupil of (1); also studied with Schicht; 
succeeded his father in Dessau, 1824; 
singing teacher at the Seminary of 
Kothen (1854) ; contributor of essays 
to the Allgemeine musikalische Zei- 
tung. His son, Ludwig (1836-1903), 
composed the song cycle Lieder des 
Monches Eliland, and many other songs. 

KING (1) Robert (17th cent.) : cham- 
ber musician to King William III of Eng- 
land; his works include 'Songs for 1, 2 
and 3 voices composed to a thorough- 
bass for the organ or harpsichord,* etc. 

(2) Charles (1687-1748): d. London; 
was choir-boy in St. Paul's under Blow 
and Clark; leader of the choir there, 
1707; organist at St. Bennet's, 1708; 
finally vicar choral at St. Paul's. He 
composed considerable church music. 

(3) Matthew Peter (1773-1823) : d. 
London; his works include an opera, 
which was produced at the Lyceum 
Theatre, Loudon; some piano sonatas. 



Kirbye 

an oratorio; also a 'General Treatise on 
Music' (1800) and 'Thorough-bass made 
Easy to Every Capacity' (1796). (4) 
Oliver A. (1855- ): b. London; 
studied under Barnby and Holmes and 
in the Leipzig Cons., 1874-77. He was 
court pianist to the Princess Louise of 
England; travelled in America, 1880-3; 
then became director of the Marylebone 
Church, London, and, finally, teacher 
in the Royal Academy of Music. He 
has composed the 'Romance of the 
Rose'; 'Proserpina,' a chorus for fe- 
male voices; a symphony, several over- 
tures and 2 concertos, one for violin 
and the otlier for piano. (5) James, 
traveller. Ref.: (quoted on primitive 
music) I. 17f. 

KINGSLEY, Cliarles, English au- 
thor. Ref.: VL 277, 379. 

KINGSTON, William Beatty (1837- 
1900) : b. London, d. there; wrote 'Mu- 
sic and Manners' and 'Wanderer's 
Notes.' 

KINKEIi, Johanna (1810-1858): b. 
Bonn, d. London; composer of a Vo- 
gelkantate and the operetta Otto der 
Schiitz; author of Acht Brief e an eine 
Freundin iXber Klavierunterrtcht (1852). 

KINKELDEY, Otto (1878- ) : b. 
New York; teacher at elementary 
schools and organist there; studied in 
New York Uuiv. and music at Columbia 
Univ. under MacDowell ; organist at the 
American church in Berlin, where he 
studied organ with Egidi and musical 
science at the Univ. ; also Hospitant of 
the Royal Institute for Church Music; 
Dr. phil., 1908; pub. Orgel und Klavier 
in der Musik des 16. Jahrhunderts 
(1910) ; librarian, teacher of organ and 
theory, docent, then professor of mu- 
sical science at Breslau Univ., also 
organ revisor for Silesia. Since 1915 
he has been music librarian of the 
New York Public Library and organist 
in Brooklyn. 

KINNEY, Troy and Margaret West. 
Ref.: (quoted on dancing) X. 47fF, 107f, 
111, 210f. 

KINSKY, Prince: patron of Beet- 
hoven and (with Prince Lobkowitz 
and Archduke Rudolph) one of his 
three 'guarantors' in Vienna. Be/.. II. 
133, 152. 

KIPKE, Karl (1850- ) : b. Bres- 
lau; studied in Leipzig, where, after 
conducting in Lippstadt and Pilsen, he 
became music critic and editor {Sdnger- 
halle, Musik. Wochenblatt) ; wrote, with 
B. Vogel, Das Kgl. Konservatorium zu 
Leipzig (1888). 

KIPPER, Hermann (1826-1910) : b. 
Coblenz; teacher of music and critic 
in Cologne, where he composed and 
produced several humorous oper- 

KIRBY, P. R.: contemp. Scotch 
composer of orchestral music, etc. Ref.: 
HI. 441. 

KIRBYE, George (17th cent.) : com- 
poser of popular English madrigals. 
Ref.: VI. 75. 



258 



Kirchl 

KIRCHL, Adolf (1858- ); b. Vi- 
enna, conductor of men's choruses; hon- 
orary conductor of the Schuhertbund ; 
composer of part-songs for men's 
voices, songs, etc.; orchestrated Schu- 
bert's Dorfchen, etc. 

KIRCHNER, TheodoF (1824-1903): 
b. Neukirchen, near Chenmitz, Saxony, 
d. Hamburg; pupil of J. Knorr and 
K. F. Becker, of Joh. Schneider at 
Dresden ; "then at the Leipzig Cons. He 
was organist at Wlnterthur, teacher in 
the Zurich Music School, and con- 
ductor; music master to Princess Maria 
at Meiningen and director of the Wiirz- 
burg Cons. (1873-5) ; then lived in 
Leipzig, Dresden and Hamburg. Men- 
delssohn and Schumann were among 
his warmest friends and advisers. He 
composed chiefly for the piano, among 
his most popular works being the 10 
pieces Gruss an meine Frennde, op. 5; 
Album Leaves, op. 7; Scherzo, op. 8; 
Preludes (2 books), op. 9; 3 books 
Sketches, op. 11 : Adagio quasi fantasia, 
op. 12; Lieder ohne Worte, op. 13; 3 
books Phantasiestiicke, op. 14; Kleine 
Lust- und Trauerspiele, op. 16; Neue 
DavidsbiXndlertdnze, op. 17; Legenden, 
op. 18; Aquarellen, op. 21; 2 books 
Romanzen, op. 22; 2 books Waltzes, 
op. 23; 2 books Nachtbilder, op. 25; 
Album, op. 26; 2 books Caprices, op. 
27; Nocturnes, op. 28; Aus meinem 
Skizzenbuch, 2 books, op. 29; Studien 
und Stiicke, op. 30; Phantasien am 
Klavier, op. 36; 4 Elegies, op. 37; 12 
Studies, op. 38; Dorfgeschichten, op. 
39; Verwehte Blatter, op. 41; 4 Polo- 
naises, op. 43; Kinder- und Kunstler- 
tdnze, op. 46, 30; Humoresken, op. 48; 
'New Album Leaves,' op. 49; Ein 
neues Klavierbuch, op. 52; Florestan 
and Easebius, op. 53; Scherzo, op. 54; 
Neue Kinderscenen, op. 55; In stillen 
Stunden, op. 56; 60 Preludes, op. 65; 5 
Sonatinas, op. 70; 100 Short Studies, 
op. 71; Romantische Geschichten, op. 
73 ; Album Leaves, op. 80; Lieblinge der 
Jugend, He also wrote some chamber 
music, songs and piano transcriptions 
of songs, and piano duets. Ref.: HI. 
14. 

KIRKMAN (1) Jacob (Kircliinann) 
(t?]-1778) : founder of the London 
piano factory of Kirkman & Sons; Ger- 
man bom, came to London, 1740, en- 
gaged as workman in Tabel's factory, 
where also Shudi, founder of the 
Broadwood factory, was engaged. Later 
he married Tabel's widow and became 
wealthy. He was especially famous 
for his harpsichords. (2) Jotaann 
([?]-1799): b. Holland; was organist 
of the Lutheran Church in London, 
1782; has composed some trios, violin 
and harpsichord sonatas, organ music, 

KIRIVBBRGEIR, Johann FhlUpp 

(1721-1783) : b. Saalfeld, Thuringia, d. 
Berlin; theorist; pupil of J. P. Kellner 
at Grafenroda, H. N. Gerber at Sonders- 
hauseu, and of J. S. Bach at Leipzig 



Kittel 

(1739) ; also studied violin with Flck- 
ler in Dresden. He became member 
of the Royal orch. at Berlin, and in 
1754 Kapellmeister and teacher of com- 
position to Princess Amalie. His the- 
oretical writings ranking high among 
contemporary productions, include Die 
Kunst des reinen Satzes in der Musik 
aus sicheren Grundsatzen hergeleitet 
und mit deutlichen Beispielen versehen 
(2 vols.; 1774, 1779), and 4 other books 
on thorough-bass, composition, fugue, 
vocal setting, temperament, a fifth on 
harmony being claimed as his. Ref.: 
II. 31; VI. 457. 

KIST, Florent Corncille (1796- 
1863) : b. Arnheim, d. Utrecht; at first 
an amateur, later he became an ex- 
cellent flute and horn player; helped 
to found the musical society Diligentia, 
1821; edited the Nederlandsch musikaal 
Tijasclirift, 1841-44; composed some 
songs, cantatas, etc. 

KISTINCHenriette. See Abnold(6). 

KISTLER, CyrlU (1848-1907): b. 
Grossaitingen, n. Augsburg, d. Kissin- 
gen; studied with Wullner, Rheinberger, 
and Fr, Lachner in Munich, became 
teacher at the Sondershausen Cons, and 
in 1885 principal of a private music- 
school in Bad Kissingen. He was also 
active as music-publisher and editor 
of the Musikalische Tagesfragen (1884- 
94). He wrote 2 operas, Alfred der 
Grosse and Ltchtenstein; a 2-act musi- 
cal comedy, Eulenspiegel (Wiirzburg, 
1889) ; a romantic music-drama, Kuni- 
hild (Sondershausen, 1884; Wiirzburg, 
1893) ; and the music-drama Baldurs 
Tod (MS.) ; also festival and funeral- 
marches for orch., mixed and male 
choruses, songs, fantasies, serenades, 
organ pieces, etc., over 100 in all. He 
pub. a harmony method developed 
from Wagner's works, and a Musikal- 
ische Elementarlehre. Ref.: III. 240. 

KISTNER. FriedTicIi (1797-1844) : b. 
Leipzig, d. there; acquired the music 
house of Probst, and developed it into 
a leading publishing firm, continued by 
his son, Julius, then by K. F. L. 
Gurckhaus (1821-1884), who took over 
the business in 1866. 

KITCHINER, -William (1775-1827): 
b. London, d. there; London doctor and 
lover of music; wrote 'Observations on 
Vocal Music'; collected English na- 
tional and nautical songs, composed 
one opera, songs, etc. 

KITTEI. (1) Caspar (17th cent.) : 
pupil of H. Schiitz, court cantor at 
Dresden; studied further in Italy, 
theorbo player and inspector of instru- 
ments; one of the first German imi- 
tators of Caccini, having pub. Arien 
und Kantaten in 1-4 parts, 1638. (2) 
Johann Cbrlstlan (1732-1809) : b. Er- 
furt, d. there; organist; last pupil of 
Bach. He offlciated in Langensalza and 
was so poorly paid that at 70 he was 
obliged to give concerts in Gottingen, 
Hanover, Hamburg and Altona, where 
he remained a year (1800). Only a 



259 



Kittl 

pension from Prince Primas of Dal- 
berg saved him from want in his old 
age, though he was widely renowned. 
His greatest pupil was J. C. H. Rinck, 
and his pub. works include Der ange- 
hende, practische Organist, oder An- 
weisung zum zweckmdssigen Gebrauch 
der Orgel beim Gottesdienst (Erfurt, 
1801-8, in 3 parts) ; Neues Choralbnch 
fur Schleswig-Holstein (Altona, 1803), 
6 sonatas and a fantasia for clavichord ; 
preludes and chorales with variations, 
for organ; 24 chorales with 8 figured 
basses, and Hymne an das Jahrhundert 
in 4 parts (1801). Ref.: VI. 458. 

ItlTTL (1) Johann FriedTlch (1806- 
1868) : b. Schloss Worlik, Bohemia, d. 
Lissa, Posen; pupil of Sawora and 
Tomaschek at Prague; 1843 succeeded 
Dionys Weber as director of the 
Prague Cons, and retired in 1865. His 
operas Daphnis' Grab (1825) ; Bianca 
und Giuseppe, oder Die Franzosen vor 
Nizza (text by Richard Wagner, 1848) ; 
Waldblume (1852) ; Die BilderstiXriner 
(1854) were performed in Prague. He 
also wrote masses, cantatas^ 3 sym- 
phonies and chamber music. Ref. : 
HI. 168; VIII. 374. (2) Bmmy. See 
Destinn. 

KITTRIDGE, G. L,. Ref.: (cited) 
V. 75. 

KITZIGER, Frederick E. (1850- 
1903): b. Saxony, d. New Orleans; mu- 
sic teacher. 

KJERUIiF, Halfdan (1818-1868) : b. 
Chrlstiania, d. Bad Graf see; studied in 
Leipzig; composer of songs and chor- 
uses popular in Norway and of excel- 
lent pieces for the pianoforte, also well 
known abroad. Ref.: III. 87f; V. 311f. 

KL,APSKY, Katharina (1855-1896) : 
b. Sankt Johann, Hungary, d. Ham- 
burg; was a chorus singer in the Vi- 
enna Comic Opera; became a member 
of the company of the Salzburg Stadt- 
theater, 1875; married a merchant and 
left the stage for a while; was engaged 
by Angelo Neumann for the Leipzig 
Stadttheater, 1876; for Bremen, 1882; 
joined the Hamburg Opera, 1886; later 
toured all of Europe and America, be- 
coming known as one of the leading 
opera singers of her time. Her princi- 
pal roles were Fidelio, Isolde, Briin- 
hllde. Donna Anna,- Norma and Eglan- 
tine. 

KLAIS, Johannes (1852- ) : b. 
Liifelberg, near Bonn; prominent organ 
manufacturer; established himself in 
Bonn, 1882; from then till 1898 his 
factory turned out 136 organs, includ- 
ing those now installed in the Pfarr- 
kirche, Dubelingen; the Basilica, Ech- 
ternach ; Josephspf arrkirche, Kref eld ; 
the Cathedral in Wetzlar, etc. 

KliATTE, Wilhelm (1870- ) : b. 
Bremen; studied in Leipzig and with 
Richard Strauss in Munich; attached to 
the theatre in Munich and subsequently 
conductor in various places; music 
critic of the Berlin Lokalameiger since 
1897, and teacher of theory at the 



Kleemann 

Stem Cons, since 1904; author of the 
first character sketch of Richard Strauss 
(with Arthur Seidl, 1895), Zur Ge- 
schichte der Programmusik, and Franz 
Schubert (for Strauss's collection, Mu- 
sik), also analyses of modern compo- 
sitions, etc. 

KLAUSER (1) Karl (1823-1905): b. 
St. Petersburg, d. New Ifork; went to 
the United States, 1850, where he became 
a teacher at Farmington. He became 
widely known for his piano arrange- 
ments, his editions of classical and 
romantic orchestra pieces (Schuberth 
& Co.), etc. (2) Julius (1854- ): 
b. New York; son of (1); studied under 
Wenzel at the Leipzig Conservatory, 
1871-4; returned to the United States 
and became a teacher in Milwaukee. 
His works include 'The Septonate and 
the Centralization of the Tonal Sys- 
tem' (1890) ; also a course in modern 
music teaching. 

KliEB (1) Ludwls (1846- ): b. 
Schwerin; studied at the KuUak 
Academy, founded an academy of his 
own; wrote on pianoforte music and 
pub. text-books. (2) Bruno Malte 
(1870- ): son of (1); piano teacher 
and organist in Berlin. 

KLEEBERG, Clothilde (1866-1909) : 
b. Paris, d. Brussels; studied at the 
Conservatoire; pianist; debut in the 
Pasdeloup popular concerts, Paris; ac- 
quired a European reputation. 

KIiEEFEIiD, TVlIhelm (1868- ): 

b. Mainz; studied with Radecke, Har- 
tel and Spitta; Kapellmeister in Mainz, 
Treves, Munich and Detmold; 1891-96; 
teacher at the opera school of the 
Klindworth-Scharwenka Cons., Berlin, 
1898; private tutor in music at the 
Univ. of Grelfswald, 1901; author of 
Das Orchester der Hamburger Oper 
1678-1738 (thesis for Dr. phil., Berlin, 
1897), Landgraf Ludwig von Hessen- 
Darmstadt und die deutsche Oper 
(1904), analyses for the Opernfuhrer, 
essays in musical journals, etc.; edited 
Opernrenaissance and Berlioz's Bea- 
trice et Benedict, translated Saint- 
Saens' Harmonic et Milodte; composer 
of the opera Anarella, a suite for string 
orchestra, piano pieces and songs. 

KL.EEMA1V1V (Clemann) (1) Bal- 
thasar (17th cent.) : author of a work on 
counterpoint, also Ex musica didactica, 
etc. (2) (Cleemann), Fr. Joseph 
ChTlstoph (1771-1827) : b. Kriwitz, in 
Mecklenburg, d. Parchim; author of a 
Handbuch der Tonkunst (1798), Oden 
und Lieder (1797). (3) Karl (1842-) : 
b. Rudolstadt, Thuringia ; studied under 
the court Kapellmeister, MilUer, in his 
native city; became director of a choral 
society in Recklinghausen, Westphalia; 
studied in Italy, 1878-82; then became 
assistant director of the opera and court 
conductor in Dessau. His works in- 
clude an opera, Der Klosterschiller von 
Mildenfurt (Dessau, 1898) ; music to 
Grillparzer's Der Traum ein Leben; 
overture to a comedy; 3 symphonies; 7 



260 



Kleffel 

books of songs, choruses, piano pieces, 

KLBPFEI,, Arno (1840- ): b. 

Possneck, Thuringia, pupil of Haupt- 
mann and the Leipzig Cons., director 
of the Music Society at Riga; Kapell- 
meister at Cologne, Amsterdam, Gorlitz, 
Breslau, Stettin, Berlin, Augsburg, 
Magdeburg and Cologne; teacher of 
theory at Stern's Cons., Berlin, since 
1892; titular professor. He wrote the 
opera Des Meermanns Harfe (Riga, 
1865) ; music to the Christmas legend 
Die Wichtelmdnnchen. and to Goethe's 
Faust; overtures, a string quartet and 
piano pieces, songs, part-songs, etc. 
Ref.: III. 20. 

KliBIIV (1) Johann Joseph (1740- 
1823) : b. Amstadt, d. Kahla, near Jena; 
author of Versuch eines Lehrbuchs der 
praktischen Musik (1783) ; Lehrbuch 
der theoretischen. Musik (1801) ; Neues 
Vollstandiges Choralbuch (1785). (2) 
Berntaard (1793-1832) : b. Cologne, d. 
Berlin; composer of church music; ob- 
tained his musical training in Cologne, 
where his father was a double bass 
player; went to Paris, 1812, where he 
worked for a while under Cherubini 
in the library of the Conservatoire. On 
his return to Cologne he became musi- 
cal director of the Cathedral ; in 1818 he 
was called to Berlin by the government 
to examine the local musical institu- 
tions; remained there and became 
teacher of composition in the newly 
founded Royal Institute for Church 
Music and music director and teacher 
of singing in the University. His chief 
works are the oratorios Jephtha, David 
and Hiob; a mass; a paternoster; a 
Magnificat; psalms, hymns, piano so- 
natas, songs, ballads, etc., as well as 
several operas. (3) Joseph (1801- 
1867) : b. Cologne, d. there ; brother of 
(2) ; composer, living in Cologne and 
Berlin. (4) Bruno Oskar (1856-1911) : 
b. Osnabriick, d. New York; studied 
with his father, Karl K., and at the 
Royal Musikschule at Munich; became 
organist of St. Francis Xavier Church, 
in New York, 1879. As composer he is 
chieily known for his orchestral pieces, 
a violin sonata, a suite for piano, a 
ballad for violin and orchestra, a 
suite for do., 5 American dances for 
orch., and songs, also an opera, Ken.il- 
woTth (Hamburg, 1895). 

KLEINHEINZ, Franz Xaver (1772- 
ca. 1832): b. Mindelheim, d. Pesth (?); 
studied at Memmingen, Munich, and 
with Albrechtsberger in Vienna; Ka- 
pellmeister In Brunn and later to Count 
Brunswick in Pesth; composer of cham- 
ber music works, a piano concerto, 
many piano sonatas, a festival mass 
with orchestra, a cantata, songs, the 
operas Harald (1814) and Der Kdfig 
(1816) ; arranged Beethoven piano so- 
natas for string quartet. 

KLEIIVMICHBL,, Richard (1846- 
1901) : b. Posen, d. Charlottenburg ; 
composer and pianist; studied piano 



Klengel 

under his father, Friedrlch Heinrlch 
Hermann K. (1817-1894), who was 
military Kapellmeister in Posen, Pots- 
dam and Hamburg. Later he studied 
in the Leipzig Conservatory; was music 
teacher in Hamburg; became conduc- 
tor at the Stadttheater in Leipzig, 1882; 
married the well-known singer, Klara 
Monhaupt. He was first known as 
a brilliant pianist, but later his com- 
positions attracted attention. Among 
them are various collections of Italian 
and Spanish folk-music for piano; 
songs; chamber music; 2 symphonies; 
also 2 operas, Manon (1883) and Der 
Pfeifer von Dusenbach (1881). 

KLEINPAUIi, Alfred (1850- ) : b. 
Altona; studied with Gurlitt, Haupt- 
mann and Richter; organist in Ham- 
burg; composer of songs and piano 
pieces. 

KliEMM (Klemmius), Johann 
(early 17th cent.): discantist; then 
court organist in Dresden (1625) ; was 
pupil of Schiitz; composer of madri- 
gals, fugues, etc. 

KliENAU, Panl [Angnst] von 
(1883- ) : b. Copenhagen ; studied 
with Hilmer and Otto Mailing in Co- 
penhagen, Halir and Max Bruch in 
Berlin, and Ludwig Thuille in Mu- 
nich; stage director in Freiburg and 
Stuttgart; composer of 4 symphonies, 
a ballade Ebba Skammelsen for bari- 
tone and orchestra, a one-act opera 
Sulamith (1913), a piano quintet, a 
string quartet and songs. 

KliENGEL (1) August Alexander 
(nicknamed 'Canon Klengel') (1784- 
1862) : b. Dresden, d. there; pianist, 
eminent organist and composer; studied 
with Milchmeyer and Clementi, with 
whom he travelled through Germany, 
and to St. Petersburg in 1805. Here he 
remained until 1811, then spent 2 years 
in Paris and went to Italy, Dresden, 
England. In Dresden he became or- 
ganist of the Hofkirche in 1816. As a 
composer he was master of the strict 
contrapuntal forms and wrote Les 
Avant-coureurs, 24 canons for piano 
(before 1840), 48 canons and 48 fugues 
(an unsuccessful attempt to outdo 
Bach's 'Well-tempered Clavichord,' pub. 
by M. Hauptmann, 1854) ; also 2 piano 
concertos, a trio, a 4-hand fantasia, a 
rondo, etc. Ref.: VII. 446. (2) Paul 
(1854- ): b. Leipzig; pianist and 
violinist; wrote Zur Xsthetik der Ton- 
kunst as dissertation for the degree of 
Dr. phil., Leipzig; conducted the Leip- 
zig Euterpe concerts, 1881-86, was sec- 
ond conductor at the court of Stutt- 
gart, then conductor of the Arion and 
Singakademie in Leipzig; conductor of 
the Liederkranz in New York, 1898- 
1902, then again the Arion in Leipzig. 
He composed songs, piano pieces and 
pieces for viola and piano. (3) Julias 
(1859- ) : b. Leipzig, brother of (2) ; 
'cellist, pupil of Emit Hegar and in 
composition of Jadassohn; since 1886 
first 'cello of the Gewandhaus Orch. 



261 



Klenowsld 

and teacher at the Cons. He pub. 3 
'cello concertos, a concertino and Kon- 
zertstiick ('cello and piano), a suite 
for 2 'celli, a suite for 'cello and pi- 
ano, a number of 'cello solos, also a 
serenade for string orch., string quar- 
tets etc 

KLENOAVSKI, Nikolai (1857- ) : 
b. Odessa; studied at the Moscow Con- 
servatory; concert leader in Moscow, 
1881-83; then director of the Imperial 
Theatre there till 1889; director of 
the University orchestra, 1889-93; di- 
rector of the Imperial Russian Music 
School at Tinis, 1893; since 1902 assist- 
ant director of the band in the Imperial 
Palace at St. Petersburg. His works 
include 3 ballets, music to a number of 
dramas, several cantatas, a piano suite, 

klilCKA, Josef (1855- ) : b. Klattau, 
Bohemia ; student and later professor 
at Prague Conservatory; conductor of 
the National Theatre, chorus leader and 
composer of one opera, and much music 
for organ, also orchestra and chorus. 

KlilMOFF, Dmitri Dmitrie-vltcll 
(1850- ): b. Kasan; student, teacher 
and professor at St. Petersburg Cons.; 
director in Odessa of the Imperial Rus- 
sian Musical Society, leader of the 
symphony concerts there. 

KLINDWORTH, Karl (1830- ) : b. 
Hanover, distinguished pianist and 
teacher. He taught himself the piano in 
childhood. Also a student of the violin, 
he was prevented by lack of means from 
becoming a pupil of Spohr, At 17 he 
became conductor of a travelling opera- 
troupe, which failed. He then taught 
at Hanover. While on a pianistic tour 
he met Liszt, and in 1852 went to 
Weimar for 2 years' study, by virtue of 
private financial assistance. In 1854 he 
went to London where he was not suc- 
cessful, but, heard and admired by 
Wagner, he became the master's friend. 
After teaching and playing in London 
about 14 years, he was made professor 
of piano at the Moscow Imperial Cons. 
by Rubinstein, after whose death K. 
settled in Berlin, conducting the con- 
certs of the Wagnerverein for 10 years 
and (with Joachim and Wiillner) the 
Philharmonic Concerts. He also found- 
ed a school of piano playing, which 
was united with the Scharwenka Cons, 
in 1893. He is especially known for 
his excellent piano transcriptions of 
Wagner's music dramas. Including the 
entire 'Ring,' which he completed in 
Moscow; also of Schubert's C maj. 
Symphony for 2 pianos, Tschalkowsky's 
Francesca da Rimini, etc. He revised 
complete editions of Chopin's works 
(1878) and of Beethoven's sonatas, and 
wrote a difBcult and effective Polonaise- 
Fantasie and 24 grand etudes in all 
keys, for piano. Ref.: HI. 18. 

KXING, Henri (1842- ) : b. 
Paris; director of military music; 
later teacher of elementary theory and 
horn at the Geneva Cons, and music 



Enabe 

teacher at the Tochterschule there: 
composer of instrumental and vocal 
music, especially concertos and studies 
for the horn; author of methods for 
the horn, piano, oboe, guitar, mando- 
lin and o&er instruments, a popular 
method for composition, directions for 
transposing, etc.; contributor to vari- 
ous musical journals. 

KliOQBBR, August von, painter. 
Ref.: (quoted on Beethoven) II. 149. 

KLOPSTOCK, Frledrich Gottlieb, 
German poet. Ref.: II. 30, 48, 49, 50, 
153. 

KLOSE, Frledrich (1862- ) : b. 
Karlsruhe; studied under V. Lachner 
and Ruthardt, in Geneva, and un- 
der Bruckner in Vienna; succeeded 
Thuille as professor of composi- 
tion in the Munich Academy, 1907. 
His works include a mass (D min.) 
for solo, chorus, orchestra and organ; 
Elfenreigen and Festzug, for orches- 
tra; Vidi aquam, for chorus, or- 
chestra and organ; a symphonic poem 
in 3 parts. Das Leben ein Traam, or- 
chestra and organ, female voices and 
brass instruments (1899) ; an elegy, for 
violin and orchestra; prelude and 
double fugue for organ and wind choir, 
string quartet in F major (1911) ; the 
dramatic symphony llsebill (Karlsruhe, 
1903), etc. Ref.: III. 269f; VL 488; IX. 
429. 

KliOSe, Hyacinthe DIeonore (1808- 
1880): b. Island of Corfu, d. Paris; 
celebrated clarinet player; came to 
Paris at an early age and became mem- 
ber of a military baud, then succeeded 
his teacher, Berr, as clarinet professor 
at the Conservatory, 1839. K. applied 
the Bohm ring system to the clarinet. 
He has also composed, principally for 
the clarinet, solos, duets, fantasies, 
studies and a Grande mithode pour la 
clarinette a. anneanx mobiles, also 
marches and other pieces for military 
bands. 

KLOSS, Erieli (186.S-1910) : b. Gor- 
litz; student of theology and philology; 
teacher and writer on Wagner (20 Jahre 
Bayreuth, Wagner-Anekdoten, etc.) ; edit- 
ed the popular edition of the Liszt- 
Wagner correspondence (3rd ed., 1910). 

KL.UGHARDT, August [Frledrich 
Martin] (1847-1902): b. Cothen; thea- 
tre Kapellmeister at Posen (1867), Lii- 
beck (1868), and Weimar (1869-73); 
court Kapellmeister at Neustrelitz, then 
at Dessau. He was influenced by Liszt 
and composed the operas Mirjam (Wei- 
mar, 1871), Iwein (Neustrelitz, 1879), 
Gudrun (ib., 1882) and Die Hochzeit 
des Monchs (Dessau, 1886) ; also a 
symphonic poem, Leonore; 3 sym- 
phonies, overtures, an orchestral suite 
in 6 movements, a violin concerto, a 
string quartet; a string sextet; a piano 
quintet; a string trio; Phantasiestiicke 
for piano, oboe and 'cello; piano pieces, 
songs, etc. Ref.: III. 236. 

KNABB, Wilhelm (1803-1864): b. 
Kreuzburg, Germany, d. Baltimore, Md. ; 



262 



Knapton 

founder of the flrm of Knabe & Co., 
piano manufacturers, in Baltimore. 
His sons, William (1841-1889) and 
Ernest, succeeded him in the manage- 
ment of the firm, which later passed 
into the hands of his grandsons, Ernest 
(1869) and William (1872), and now 
has main headquarters in New York. 

KNAPTON, Philip (1788-1833) : b. 
York, d. there; studied music in Cam- 
bridge, composed overtures, concertos, 
orchestral pieces; acted as assistant 
conductor to the York Festivals. 

KNATJTH. See Fbanz, Robeht. 

KNBCHT, Justin Helnrich (1752- 
1817) : b. Biberach, Wiirttemberg, d. 
there; became organist and concert di- 
rector in his native town to 1792 ; court 
Kapellmeister, Stuttgart, 1807; returned 
home, 1809, where he was again organ- 
ist. His works include a symphony, 
a concert duet, a double chorus, a Te 
Deum, a mass, several operas, a melo- 
drame; has also written on the theory 
of music. 

KNBISBIi, Franz (1865- ): b. 
Bucharest; studied at the Bucharest 
Cons, and later under Griin and Hell- 
mesberger at the Vienna Cons.; became 
solo violinist in the court theatre or- 
chestra; became concert-master of 
Bilse's Orchestra, Berlin, 1884; concert- 
master of the Boston Symphony Or- 
chestra, 1885-1903; then organized with 
G. Fiedler, L. Svecenski and F. Giese, 
bis famous string quartet (now com- 
posed of K., Hans Letz, Svecenski and 
Willem Willecke); Mus. D., Yale, 1900; 
head of the violin and string instru- 
ment department at the Institute of 
Musical Art, New York, from 1905; 
compiled Kneisel Collection (violin and 
piano) ; composed Advanced Studies 
for the Violin (1910), etc. Ref.: IV. 
204. 

KNIGHT. Joseph Philip (1812- 
1887) : b. Bradford-on-Avon, d. Great 
Yarmouth; studied in Bristol with 
Corfe; lived in England, United States 
and the Scilly Islands; wrote one ora- 
torio and a large number of popular 
English songs, also an oratorio, 'Jeph- 
tha's Daughter.' 

KNINA, Ij.: author of study works 
for pianoforte; resident in St. Peters- 
burg. 

KNITTIi, Karl (1853-1907) : b. 
Polna, d. Prague; studied at the Cons, 
and the Organ School in Prague, sing- 
ing with Pivoda and conducting with 
Smetana; teacher of singing at 2 state 
intermediate schools, 1877-1901; di- 
rector of the singing society 'Hlahol' in 
Prague, 1877-90 and 1897-1901; teacher 
of organ and harmony at the Organ 
School, 1882, and professor of the same 
subjects from 1890 at the Cons., where 
he became administrative director in 
1901; author of articles in newspapers 
and reviews, also Lehre von. tiomo- 
phonen Satze, etc.; composer of or- 
chestral and choral works, chamber 
music, songs, piano pieces, etc. 

263 



EobbS 

KNOCH, E^rnst: contemp. German 
opera conductor; assistant at Bayreuth; 
at Metropolitan Opera House, New York, 
1914-15. Ref.: IV. 157. 

KNOFElIi (Knefellns), Johann 
(16th cent.): b. Lauban, Silesia; con- 
ductor in Breslau, Heidelberg; organist 
in Prague; composer of sacred and 
secular songs, church music, etc. 

KNORR (1) Jnllns (1807-1861): b. 
Leipzig, d. there; pianist; piano teach- 
er in Leipzig, where he was intimate 
with Schumann and edited, during its 
first year, the Neue Zeitschrift fiir Mu- 
sik. His works include Neue Piano- 
forteschnle in 18i Vbungen (1835, sec- 
ond ed. as Die Pianoforteschule der 
nenesten Zeit) ; Das Klavierspiel in 280 
Vbungen; Methodischer Leitfaden /fir 
Klavierlehrer (1849) ; Fiihrer auf dem 
Felde der Klavierunterrichtsliteratar 
(1861), etc. (2) Iwan (1853- ): b. 
Mewe, West Prussia; studied under 
Reinicke and Richter in the Leipzig 
Conservatory; became a music teacher 
in a school in Kharkoff, South Russia, 
1874; became teacher of composition 
and theory at the Hoch Cons., Frank- 
fort, 1883, and succeeded Bernhard 
Scholz as its director. His works in- 
clude a biography of Tschaikowsky for 
Reimann's Beriihmfe Musiker (1900) ; 
also much orchestral and chamber mu- 
sic, 3 operas, Dunja (Coblenz, 1904) ; 
Die Hochzeit (Prague, 1907) ; and DurcAs 
Fenster (Karlsruhe, 1908), and songs 
('Ukrainian Love Songs' for mixed 
quartet and piano). 

KNOTE, Helnrich (1870- ) : b. 
Munich; heroic tenor; studied under 
Kirchner in Munster; has been a mem- 
ber of the court opera at Munich from 
1892; has sung at Hamburg, the Metro- 
politan Opera House, New York, and 
toured America; now at German Opera 
House, Charlottenhurg. 

KNYVETT (1) Charles ([?]-1822): 
was a concert tenor during his earlier 
years, 1780-90; organized the 'Vocal 
Concerts' with S. Harrison, 1791-3. (2) 
Charles (1773-1852) : b. London, d. 
there; son of (1) ; studied under Webbe; 
was organist at St. George's Church and 
harpsichord teacher; published a set 
of psalm melodies (1823). (3) William 
(1779-1856) : b. London, d. there ; son 
of (1) ; singer in the Chapel Royal, 
1797; succeeded Arnold as composer 
for the court band, 1802. For many 
years he was the best concert singer 
(alto) in London. He directed the 'Con- 
certs of Ancient Music,' 1832-40; di- 
rected the music festivals at Birming- 
ham, 1834-43, also at York, in 1835. 
He composed a number of glees and 
some anthems for King George IV and 
Queen Victoria. 

KOBB&, Gnstave (1857- ): b. 
New York; studied in Wiesbaden and 
at Columbia Univ.; writer on music 
and drama; pub. 'The Ring of the 
Nibelung' (1889) ; 'Wagner's Life and 
Works' (2 vols., 1890) ; 'Opera Singers' 



Kobelius 

(1901, 6th ed., 1913); "Wagner's Music 
Dramas Analyzed' (1904) ; 'Loves of 
the Great Composers' (1905) ; 'Wagner 
and His Isolde' (1905) ; 'Famous Ameri- 
can Songs' (1906) ; 'How to Appreciate 
Music' (1906) ; 'The Pianolist' (1907) ; 
'Portrait Gallery of Great Composers' 
(1911). 

KOBELIUS, Johann Angnstin 
(1674-1731): b. Wahlitz, near Halle, d. 
Weissenfels; studied with Schieffer- 
decker and Krieger; chamber musician, 
organist and court conductor at Weis- 
senfels, Querfurt and Sangerhausen ; 
wrote overtures, sonatas and church 
music. 

KOBLER, Hugo (1869-1907): b. 
Briinn, d. Vienna; wrote 2 operas, of 
which one, Griine Ostern, was prod, 
in Vienna, 1907; also operettas, a pan- 
tomime, chamber music, and works for 
orchestra. 

KOCH (1) Helnricli Clirlstopli 
(1749-1816): b. Rudolstadt, d. there; 
violinist, chamber musician, composer 
of cantatas, etc.; theoretician of note, 
having pub. a Musikalisches Lexikon (2 
parts, 1802), wliicli is highly rated; also 
Versuch einer Anleitung znr Kom- 
posltion (3 parts, 1782-93), im- 
portant for the discovery of funda- 
mental principles of form, and other 
books on harmony and modulation, 
as well as theoretical articles in vari- 
ous journals. (2) Eduard Bmll (1809- 
1871): b. Stuttgart, d. there; Protestant 
clergyman and hymnologlst. (3) Brnst 
(1820-1894): d. Stuttgart; singer and 
vocal teacher in Hanover and Stuttgart. 
(4) Max (1855- ) : b. Munich; pro- 
fessor of German literature in Breslau 
Univ., wrote 3 books on the aesthetic 
and cultural importance of Richard 
Wagner (1888, 1907-14, 1913). (5) Mat- 
thans (1862- ) : b. Heubach; teacher 
at the Stuttgart music school, organist 
there, founder of a musical institute in 
1900, and composer of organ sonatas, 
etc., also motets and vocal quartets. 
(6) Frlcdrlch B. (1862- ): b. Ber- 
lin; 'cellist in the Royal Court orches- 
tra. Kapellmeister in Baden-Baden, 
Gymnasium vocal teacher, royal pro- 
fessor and academician in Berlin; com- 
poser of 2 symphonies and other sym- 
phonic pieces, a violin concerto, a 
string trio which won the Mendelssohn 
prize, and other chamber music, piano 
pieces, songs, choral works, 2 orato- 
rios, also 2 operas. Ref.: VI. 357. (7) 
Markas (1879- ) : b. Vilshofen-on- 
Danube; co-founder of the municipal 
Musikerfachschule, Munich (1900), and 
teacher at the Academy of Music there 
since 1913; composer of masses, organ 
compositions, choruses for women's 
and children's voices, children's songs, 
chamber music and a 'religious sym- 
phony' for band. 

KOCH-BO SSEIVBBRGER, Julie (d. 
Bad Wildimgen, 1895) : operatic so- 
prano in Berlin, then sang at the Vien- 
na court opera; finally prima donna 



Koenen. 

at the court opera of Hanover. Her 
daughter, Maria Bossenberger, has 

sung in opera in Dresden and Frank- 
fort-on-Main. 

KOCHANSKA, Prnxede Marcelline, 

correct name of Marcella Sembkich 
(q. v.). 

KdCHBIi. Lndwig Bitter von (1800- 
1877): b. Stein-on-Danube, d. Vienna; 
studied law, became royal councillor, 
school-commissioner In Vienna; was an 
amateur botanist and mineralogist, also 
thoroughly educated in music. He 
wrote a celebrated catalogue of Mo- 
zart's works, Chronologisch-thematisches 
Verzeichnis sdmtlicher Tonwerke W. A. 
Mozarts (pub. in 1862, supplements in 
the Allgemeine Musik-Zeitung, 1864, and 
2nd ed. by Count P. Waldersee in 
1905). He also wrote Die Kaiserliche 
Hofmusik-Kapelle zu Wien von lSi3 
bis 1867 (1868), a biography of Johann 
Joseph Fux (1872), and edited 83 newly 
found letters of Beethoven to Archduke 
Rudolph (1865). Ref.: VI. 132 (foot- 
note), 332. 

KOCHBR, Conrad (1786-1872): b. 
Dltzingen, near Stuttgart, d. Stuttgart; 
studied in St. Petersburg and Italy; 
founder in Stuttgart of a sacred sing- 
ing society; director of music there and 
author of a book on music in the 
church (1823), also Harmonik (1864); 
edited chorale books, etc., and com- 
posed 2 operas, an oratorio, etc. 

KOCIA3V, Jaroslav (1884- ): b. 
Wildenschwert, Bohemia; studied the 
violin with his father and at the 
Prague Conservatory; concertized in 
Europe and America. 

KOCK, Paul de (19th cent.) : op^ra 
comique librettist. Ref.: II. 211. 

KOCZAL.SKI, Raoul (1885- ) : b. 
Warsaw; pianist and composer of 2 
operas and pieces for the piano. 

KODAIjY, F.: contemp. Hungarian 
composer of ultra-modern tendencies; 
with B^la Bartok collected Hungarian 
folk-songs. Ref.: III. xxi, 198. 

KOEMMBNICH, Louis (1866- ) : 
b. Elberfeld; studied with A. Kranzel 
and H. Blattermann at Barmen, and at 
Kullak's Academy in Berlin with Buss- 
ler and Pfeifer; conductor of th(S 
Brooklyn Sangerbund, 1890, of the 
Junger Mannerchor, Philadelphia, 1902; 
conductor of the New York Oratorio 
Society, and Mendelssohn Glee Club, 
New York, since 1912. He composed 
men's choruses (a cappella and with 
orchestra), of which two received prizes 
in 1900. Ref.: IV. 212. 

KOENEST, Friedrich (1829-1887) : 
b. Rheinbach, near Bonn, d. Cologne; 
ordained to the priesthood and studied 
at Ratisbon under Schrems; Kapell- 
meister at the Cathedral and professor 
of music at the Archiepiscopal Semi- 
nary in Cologne, 1863; founded a Dio- 
cesan Cecilia Society there, 1869; com- 
poser of masses, motets, psalms, lit- 
anies, organ preludes, 2 sacred can- 
tatas, songs, etc. 



264 



Koessler 

K0E:SSLB:R, Hans (1853- ): b. 
Waldeck; organist in Neumarkt, Ober- 
platz, 1871; studied under Jos. Rhein- 
berger at the Royal Music School, Mu- 
nich, 1874-7; teacher of chorus singing 
and theory, Dresden Conservatory, 
1877, and director of the Dresden Sing- 
ing Society which, in 1880, at the in- 
ternational competition at Cologne, was 
awarded first prize, resulting in K. 
being engaged, 1881, as Kapellmeister 
at the Stadttheater in Cologne. In 1882 
he became teacher of organ and chorus 
singing at the National Academy, Buda- 
pest, and, on Volkmann's deaUi, also 
taught composition, 1883. His works in- 
clude string quartets and quintets, or- 
chestral and organ pieces, a violin so- 
nata and concerto, a symphony, a mass 
for female voices, etc. Ref. : HI. 197, 211. 

KOF1.ER, Leo (1837-1908) : b. Brixen, 
Austrian Tyrol, d. New Orleans ; teacher 
of singing and critic in New York; or- 
ganist of St. Paul's chapel there, and 
writer on breathing and the care of the 
voice ; collected a volume of hymn tunes 
and anthems. 

KOGEL, Gnstav Friedrlch (1849-) : 
b. Leipzig, where his father was a 
trombonist in the orchestra of the Ge- 
wandhaus; studied in the Leipzig Cons., 
1863-67; became theatre Kapellmeister 
at Nuremberg, Dortmund, Ghent, Aachen, 
Cologne and Leipzig; became Kapell- 
meister of the Berlin Philharmonic Or- 
chestra, 1887; director of the Museum 
Concerts at Frankfort-on-Maln, 1891- 
1903; also directed concerts in Madrid, 
Barcelona, St. Petersburg and New 
York. Has written considerable piano 
music. 

KOHLER (1) Ernst (1799-1847): b. 
Langenbielau, Silesia, d. Breslau; dis- 
tinguished organist and pianist; chief 
organist of the Elisabethkirche in 
Breslau from 1827 till his death. His 
works include 12 church cantatas; 15 
more elaborate song pieces, with or- 
chestra; 9 overtures; 2 symphonies, etc. 
(2) [Christian] Lonis Heinricli (1820- 
1886) : b. Brunswick, d. Konigsberg, 
Prussia; studied piano under A. Sonne- 
man, theory under I. A. Leibrock and 
violin under Chr. Zinkeisen, Jr., and 
finally under Simon Sechter at Vienna. 
After a short period as theatre Kapell- 
meister at Marienburg, Elbing and 
Konigsberg, he became, in 1847, teacher 
in the latter place, as well as director 
of a school for piano and theory, be- 
coming professor in 1880. Aside from 
3 operas, a ballet, a Vaterunser for 8 
voices (mixed), etc., he wrote etudes 
In every degree of difflculty; also a 
Systematische Lehrmethode fiir Klavier- 
spiel und Musik in 2 parts (1856, 
[3rd ed. rev. by Riemann, 1882], 1858), 
the first of which contains the first 
exposition of a correct theory of 
pedalling; also other pedagogical writ- 
ings, including Allgenteine Musiklehre 
(1883), etc. (3) Ernesto (1849-1907) : 
b. Modena, d. St. Petersburg; studied 



KoUer 

under his father, who was first flutist 
in the court band at Modena; was first 
flutist at the Imperial Theatre at St. 
Petersburg, 1871, later becoming solo- 
ist. His works include many excellent 
flute compositions, several ballets and 
an opera, Ben Achmed. (4) Moritz 
(1855- ): b. Altenburg; studied un- 
der Stamm in Chemnitz ; became a mem- 
ber of the Bilse Orchestra in Berlin, 
>873; went to St. Petersburg, 1880, 
where he became assistant concert di- 
rector of the Imperial Opera; then chief 
conductor, 1898; has written a number 
of orchestral pieces, as well as pieces 
for violin and for 'cello. (5) Wllhelm 
(1858- ): b. Wilmbach, Thuringia; 
was at first teacher in his native town, 
then at Hamburg; studied at Berlin 
under Grell and Bargiel; is now music 
teacher and director of the St. Peters' 
Church Choir in Hamburg. His compo- 
sitions include psalms, various songs, 
masses, motets. Das Madchen von Kola 
(men's chorus and orcb.), sonatas, etc. 

KOHUT, Adolf (1847- ) : b. 
Mindszent, Hungary; critic and writer 
on musical subjects, wrote Weber-Ge- 
denkbuch, Friedrick Wieck, Moses 
Mendelssohn und seine Familie, Die 
grossten deutschen Soubretten im 19. 
Jahrhundert (1890), Joseph Joachim 
(1891), Schiller in seinen Beziehungen 
zur Musik (1905), Die Gesangskonigin- 
nen der letzten drei Jahrhunderte 
(1906) and various biographies of mu- 
sicians pub. in Reclam's popular 
edition. 

KOIiACHEVSKI, Mlcliall Nico- 
lalevitch (1851- ) : studied with 
Richter at the Leipzig Cons., composed 
a 'Ukraine' symphony, a trio, a string 
quartet, a Requiem for chorus for string 
orchestra and organ, songs, etc. 

KOLB, Karlmann (1703-1765) : b. 
Kostlarn, Bavaria, d. Munich; Bene- 
dictine monk and organist, composer of 
church music. 

KOliBE, Oskar (1836-1878) : b. Ber- 
lin, d. there; studied in Berlin at the 
Royal Institute for Church Music, 
teacher of theory at Stern Conserva- 
tory, Royal Musikdirektor, composer of 
songs and an oratorio, author of hand- 
books on harmony and thorough-bass. 

KOLBBRG, Oscar (1814-1891) : b. 
Radom, d. Warsaw; studied in Berlin 
with Rungenhagen, composed Polish 
national dances and collected Polish 
folk-songs (30 vols.). 

KOLER, David (16th cent.): b. 
Zwickau, Saxony; composer of masses, 
hymns, canons, sacred songs (MS.) and 
10 Psalms of David in 4-6 parts 
(printed 1554). 

KOIiliER, Oswald (1852-1910): b. 
Brunn, d. Klagenfurt; professor at the 
Royal School in Kremsier; from 1892 
teacher in Vienna; contributed studies 
in musical history to the Vierteljahr- 
schrift fiir Musikwissenschaft, etc.; 
author of Die Lieder Oswalds von 
Wolkenstein (Denkmiiler der Tonkun- 



265 



IC nllmann 

stin osterreich IX. 1), 6 Trienter Co- 
dices des 15. Jahrh. (with G. Adler, 
lb., VIII. 1 and XI. 1). 

KOIiLMAlVN (1) August Frledrlclt 
Christoph (1756-1829): b. Engelbosfel, 
Hanover, d. London; organist near 
Lilneburg, 1781 ; came to London as sex- 
ton and cantor of the German chapel at 
St. James, 1784. His works include a 
program symphony, Der Schiffbruch; 
12 fugues, a harpsichord concerto, etc. 
His theoretical worlts include *First 
Beginning on the Pianoforte' (1796) ; 
'An Essay on Practical Harmony' 
(1796) ; 'An Essay on Practical Musical 
Composition' (1799) ; 'Practical Guide 
to Thorough-bass' (1807); 'A New The- 
ory of Musical Harmony' (1806) and 
various articles in the 'Quarterly Mu- 
sical Register,' of which only two num- 
bers appeared (1812). (2) George Au- 
gust (1780-1845) : b. London, d. there; 
son of (1) ; succeeded his father in the 
Gei'man chapel as organist, 1829 ; and 
composed 3 harpsichord sonatas, etc. 
He was also the inventor of a new 
method of piano tuning. 

KOLOSSOVA, Bngeny, Russian bal- 
lerina. Ref.: X. 179. 

KOMMBNICH, I/ouis. See KoEM- 

MENICH. 

KOMOROVSKI, Ignaz Marcell 

(1824-1858) : b. Warsaw, d. there; com- 
poser of Polish songs. 

KOMPEI/, August (1831-1891): b. 
Bruckenau, d. Weimar; studied with 
Spohr, David and Joachim; violinist 
In the court chapels of Cassel and 
Hanover, and, after years of concert 
touring, in Weimar, 1863-1884. 

KOX-PU-TSE : Chinese moralist. 
Ref.: X. 30. 

KONIGSFBRGER, Pater Martanns 
(1708-1769) : b. Roding, Oberpfalz, d. 
In the monastery of Priisening, near 
Ratisbon, where he had joined the 
Benedictine order in 1734; composer of 
numerous masses, offertories, psalms, 
litanies, Misereres, etc., 12 Sonatae 
coacertantes pro Mtssa, 10 symphonies, 
8 Praeambnla cum Fuga. (1752), Der 
wohlunterrichtete ClavierschiXler (1756), 
Fingerstreit Oder Klavieriibnng (1760). 

KONINGK, liOdemljk de, librettist. 
Ref.: VI. 299. 

KONING, David (1820-1876) : b. 
Rotterdam, d. Amsterdam; studied un- 
der Aloys Schmitt at Frankfort, 1834-38 ; 
won a prize from the Netherland So- 
ciety for an overture, 1839 ; became 
director of the Chorverein Musae, Am- 
sterdam, 1840; prominent as a teacher. 
His works include a number of string 
quartets, piano sonatas, songs, choruses 
for male voices, female voices and 
both; a comic opera, etc. 

KOJflTJS, Georg EdvardoTiteh 
(1862- ): b. Moscow; studied under 
Taneieff and Arenski; teacher in the 
Moscow Conservatory, 1891-99; since 
then a teacher in the music school of 
the Philharmonic Society. His works 
include an orchestral suite, a sym 



Koreschtchenko 

phonic poem, a ballet and many piano 
pieces and songs. 

KONNBMAIVN, Arthur (1861- ) : 
b. Baden-Baden; studied under his fa- 
ther, an orchestra leader, G. Krasselt 
and H. Deecke, then became theatre 
Kapellmeister at Brandenburg, Pader- 
born, Greifswald, Osnabriick, Wesel, 
Miinster; since 1887 has been director 
of the Imp. and Royal College of Mu- 
sic at Mahrisch-Ostrau. As a com- 
poser of operas he has produced Der 
Bravo (Munich, 1886) ; Vineta, or Die 
versunkene Stadt (Leipzig, 1896) ; Der 
tolle Eberstein (Munich, 1898) ; Die 
Madonna mit dem Mantel (Ostrau, 
1912) ; also several orchestral pieces, in- 
cluding a symphonic suite, violin con- 
certo, songs, ballads, choruses and 
piano pieces. 

KONRADIIV, Karl Ferdinand 
(1833-1884) : b. St. Helenenthal, near 
Bnden, d. Vienna; composer of oper- 
ettas and songs. 

KONSTAIVTIIVEJ KOPRONYMUS. 
Ref.: VI. 400. 

KONTA, Robert (1880- ): b. 
Vienna; composer of the opera Dos 
Kalte Herz (1908), the ballet panto- 
mime Der bucklige Geiger (1909), a 
symphony and songs. 

KONTI, Joseph (1852-1905) : b. War- 
saw, d. Pesth; composed 7 operettas, 
produced in 5denburg and Pesth. 

KOPECKY, Ottokar (1850- ) : b. 
Chot^bof, Bohemia; studied in Pilsen 
and at the conservatory in Prague; vio- 
linist in orchestras at Briinn, Vienna 
and Sondershausen ; concert-master of 
the Hamburg Philharmonic, teacher at 
the conservatory there; teacher of the' 
German crown prince and his brother. 

KOPRZIVA, Karl (18th cent.) : com- 
poser of organ fugues, etc., preserved in 
Prague. 

KOPTJAJEFF, Alexander Petro- 
vitch (1868- ): b. St. Petersburg; 
Russian writer on Wagner, Cui, d'Al- 
bert, etc., author of Russian guides to 
Wagner music dramas; composer of 
'Oriental Dances,' an orchestral elegy. 
Cortege a la vie (elegiac polonaise), a 
piano suite, songs and a setting of 
Psalm xviii (bar., chorus and piano). 

KOPYIiOPP, Alexander (1854- ): 
b. St. Petersburg; composed much salon 
music for piano, also 2 string quartets, 
a symphony in C, an overture, an or- 
chestral scherzo, etc. Ref.: HI. 146; 
VH. 555. 

KORBAY, Francis Alexander 
(1846- ) : b. Pesth, tenor and pian- 
ist; pupil of Liszt. He sang at the 
Hungarian Opera, Pesth, toured Ger- 
many, England and America as pian- 
ist and settled in New York as teacher 
of voice and piano in 1871. He wrote 
Nuptiale for orch. ; Le matin, for voice 
and piano (arr. for orch. by Liszt) ; 
solo settings of Lenau's Schilflieder ; 
piano pieces, transcriptions, etc. Ref.: 
V. 126. 

KORESCHTCHENKO, Arseni Nieo- 



266 



Korganoff 

laievitch (1870- ) ; b. Moscow, where 
he studied with Taneieff and Aren- 
sky at the Cons., from which he 
received a gold medal in 1891, and 
at which he became teacher of counter- 
point and form, as well as at the 
Synod school. He wrote the operas, 
'Belshazzar's Feast' (Moscow, 1892), 
'The Angel of Death' and 'The Ice 
Palace' (Moscow, 1900) ; incidental mu- 
sic for 2 plays of Euripides; a ballet, 
'The Magic Mirror'; orchestral pieces 
('Barcarolle,' 'A Tale,' Seine Poitlque, 
'Armenian Suite,' Seines noeturnes, 
Symphonie lyrique and 'Musical Pic- 
tures') ; a fantasy for piano and or- 
chestra; a cantata, Don Juan, Armenian 
songs, Grusinian and Georgian songs 
for chorus and orchestra, a string quar- 
tet, pieces for violin and piano, for 
piano and 'cello, piano pieces, songs, 
and choral songs. Ref.: III. 153; IX. 
415. 

KORGANOFF, Gennarl Osslpo- 
vltch (1858-1890) : b. Kvarelia, d. Ros- 
to£F; studied with Reinecke, Jadassohn, 
in Leipzig, Brassin and Kross in St. 
Petersburg. He wrote 'Arabesques,' 
'Miniatures' and 'Aquarelle,' for piano. 

KORN, Clara A. (1866- ) : pupil 
of B. O. Klein, Horatio Parker and 
Dvorak, at National Cons., New York, 
where she afterward taught counter- 
point; settled as teacher and com- 
poser in Orange, New Jersey. Ref.: 
IV. 405. 

KORIVER (1) Theodor: German 
poet. Ref.: II. 234; IX. 188, 191. (2) 
Gotthllf -WUhelm (1809-1865) : b. 
Teicha, near Halle, d. Erfurt, 1865. He 
founded a music publishing business 
in 1838, and conducted it till his death, 
the firm being united with that of 
C. F. Peters in 1886. He also founded 
the I/ronia, a periodical for organists, 
in 1844 and pub. compositions for 
organ. 

KORlVGOIiO (1) JuUus (1860- ): 
studied law in Vienna and music at the 
Cons, there; music critic of the Neue 
Freie Presse since 1902. (2) Ericli 
Wolfgang (1897- ) : b. Brilnn, son 
of (1) ; pupil of R. Fuchs, A. von Zem- 
linsky and Hermann Gradener (Vi- 
enna). He is, despite his extreme 
youth, already internationally known 
as a composer, having brought out a 
pantomime, Der Sehneemann, at the age 
of 11 (1908), also a trio, op. 1 (1909), 
a piano sonata (No. 2, in E, as op. 2) ; 
MdTchenbilder, op. 3 (1910), a Schau- 
sptel-Ouvertilre for full orch., op. 4 
(1911), and a Sinfonietta (1914) for 
full orchestra. Ref.: III. 271; VIII. 
420. 

KOROIiANYI, Frledrieli: Kapell- 
meister at the Karl Schurz Theatre, 
Hamburg, the new opera in Leipzig, 

1907, the Comic Opera, Mannheim, 

1908, the Residenz Theatre, Dresden, 
since 1909; composer of the operas Ein 
Abentener (1899), Heinzelmannehen 
(1901), Die MoTkedenterin (1905), Die 



Kossxualy 

Liebessehule (1909), Biribi (1909), bur- 
lesques, sketches, etc. 

KORTEJV, Ernst: contemporary 
German composer of 2 operas and a 
Volksoper produced in Bremen and 
Elberfeld. 

KOSCHAT, Thomas (1845-1914): b. 
Vlktring, near Klagenfurt, d. Vienna; 
was chorus singer at the Vienna Opera; 
became singer in the Cathedral Choirj 
1874; then a member of the court band, 
1878. In 1871 he made his first suc- 
cess with his popular male quartets In 
the Carinthian dialect, of which he 
wrote both words and music. They 
were phenomenally successful and were 
widely Imitated. In his songs, as in 
his poems without music, K. gave an 
intimate view of Carinthian peasant 
life. 

KOSELiITZ, Helnrich (pen-name 
Peter Gast) (1854- ) : b. Anna- 
berg, Saxony; studied with Richter at 
the Leipzig Cons., and under Nietzsche 
in Basle Univ.; composed the operas 
Wilbrajn (1879), Konig Wenzel, Or- 
pheus und Diongsos, Die heimliche 
Ehe (1891), Thematikon, the Singspiel 
Seherz, List und Rache (1881), the 
Festspiel Walpurgis (1903), a sym- 
phony, an overture, choruses, songs, 
etc.; pub. letters to him from Nietz- 
sche (1908), Vol. I of Nietzsche's 
letters (with A. Seidl, 1900), and 
Nietzsche's correspondence with Hans 
von Billow (with Frau Forster-Nietz- 
sche 1905 ) 

KOSLECK, Jnllns (1835-1905) : b. 
Neugrad, Pomerania, d. Berlin; virtu- 
oso on the cornet k pistons; began 
as a musician in a military band, Ber- 
lin, 1852; then in the court band; 
teacher of the cornet and trombone at 
the Royal High School. He was the 
founder and chief of the famous piston- 
instrument quartet, known as the Im- 
perial Comet Quartet. K. also wrote 
much for such instruments. 

KOSLOFP: Russian ballet dancer. 
Ref.: X. 221. 

KOS9IAS OP MAJUMA ([?]-760): 
poet and composer of Byzantine canons, 
which became a permanent part of the 
festival service of the Byzantine church. 
He wrote in all about 1,000 melodies. 

KOSS, Henning von (1855- ) : b. 
Pomerania; studied with Kullak; ed- 
itor, critic of the Berlin Kreuzzeitung 
since 1888 and song composer. Ref.: 
III. 268. 

KOSSAK, Ernst (1814-1880): b. 
Marienwerder, d. Berlin; contributor to 
the Neue Berliner Musikzeitung ; foun- 
der and editor of the Echo and the 
Zeitungshalle (later the Berliner Feuer- 
spritze and the Berliner Montagspost). 

KOSSMAI/Y, Karl (1812-1893): b. 
Breslau, d. Stettin; studied with Berger, 
Zelter and Klein; opera conductor in 
Wiesbaden, Mayence, Amsterdam, 
Bremen, Detmold and Stettin, where he 
also taught. He composed songs and 
instrumental pieces and wrote critical 



267 



Kiister-Schlegel 

reviews for musical journals, also 
Schlesisches TonkiXnstler-Lexikon, and 
books on Mozart's operas, Wagner 
(contra) and program music. 

KOSTBR-SCHIiKGE:!., I/onlsc 
(1823-1905): b. Lilbeclt, d. Scliwerin; 
operatic soprano; debut Leipzig; sang 
there, in Scliwerin, Breslau and the 
Berlin Royal Opera. 

KSSTIiliV (1) Karl Relnhold (1819- 
1894) : b. Urach, Wiirttemberg, d. Tu- 
bingen; professor of the history of art 
and aesthetics at Tubingen; author of 
ASthetik (2 Tols., 1863-9), etc. (2) 
Helnrlch Adolf (1846-1907): b. Tu- 
bingen, d. Darmstadt ; son of the famous 
criminologist and poet. Christian Rein- 
hold K., and the song composer, Jose- 
phine Lang K. ; was private music 
teacher to the Wiirttemberg ambassador 
to Paris, 1869; organized a society for 
church singing, 1875 ; became director 
of the church oratorios at Friedrichs- 
hafen, 1878. He has written many 
critical works on music, including 
Luther als Voter des evangelischen 
Kirchenliedes (1882). 

KOTCHETOFK, Nicolai Razoum- 
nicovitch (1864- ) : b. Oranienbaum; 
composed a symphony, an orchestral 
suite, opera and pieces for pianoforte ; 
abandoned the study of law in Mos- 
cow for music, where he became known 
as a composer, conductor and critic. 

KOTEK, Joseph (1855-1885): b. 
Kamenez-Podolsk, Government of Mos- 
cow, d. Davos; studied at the Moscow 
Cons, and with Joachim; teacher of 
violin at the Berlin Royal High School 
of Music; composed solo pieces, etudes 
and violin duets. 

KOTHE (1) Bernliard (1821-1897): 
b. Grobnig, Silesia, d. Breslau; stud- 
ied at the Royal Institute for Church 
Music, Berlin; church musical director 
and singing teacher in Oppeln; music 
teacher in the seminary at Breslau, 
1869; founded the Cecilia Society for 
Catholic Church Music; pub. Musica 
sacra (a collection for male chorus), a 
Prdludienbuch for organ, motets, Sing- 
tafeln (a singing method for school 
use) ; author of Die Musik in der 
katholischen Kirche (1862), Abriss 
der Musikgeschichte fiir Lehrerseminare 
und Dilettanten (1874), Musikalisch- 
literarisches Worterbuch (1890) ; edited 
the 4th ed. of Seidel's Die Orgel und 
ihT Bau (1887), and pub., with Forch- 
hammer, a Fiihrer durch die Orgellit- 
eratur (1890). (2) Aloys (1828-1868): 
brother of (1) ; teacher of music in 
the seminary at Breslau. (3) WUhelm 
(1831-1897) : brother of (1) ; teacher 
of music in the Seminary at Habel- 
schwerdt; composer of church music; 
author of Friedrich der Grosse als Mu- 
siker (1869), Leitfaden fiir den Gesang- 
unterricht (1865), etc. 

KOTHBN, Karl Axel (1871- ) : 
b. Frederlkshamm, Finland; studied 
with Wegelius in Helsingfors, with 
Sparapani and Lucidi in Rome, with 



Kozelub 

Cotogni in St. Petersburg, Forstta in 
Vienna, Colonne and Villa in Paris, 
and Thuille and Courvolsier in Mu- 
nich; concert baritone and teacher of 
singing at the Cons, of Helsingfors; 
composer of works for mixed chorus 
and men's chorus (with and without 
orchestra), an orchestral suite, a large 
number of songs, piano pieces, etc. 

KOTTB, Johann Gottlieb (1797- 
1857) : b. Ratlimannsdorf, near Schan- 
dau, d. Dresden; clarinet player; lived 
mostly in Dresden, but became widely 
known on account of his concert tours. 

KOTTER, Hans (ca. 1485-ca. 1543) : 
b. Strassburg; d. Berne; a pupil of 
Paulus Hofhainer (q.v.) ; organist in 
Freiburg, Switzerland, 1504. Banished 
for Protestantism, he went to Berne, 
1522, where he became a teacher and 
remained. The Tdbulaturbuch which 
he wrote for Bonifazius Amerbach takes 
an important place in early German 
organ literature. 

KOTTHOPP, Lavprence (1862- ) : 
b. Eversburg; studied in Berlin; critic 
and teacher in St. Louis, Mo. 

KOTTIilTZ (1) Adolf (1820-1860): 
b. Treves, d. Uralsk; violinist and pro- 
tege of Liszt; lived in Cologne and 
Paris; toured Siberia and settled in 
Uralsk. He composed 2 string quartets, 
etc. (2) Clothllde (nie EUendt) 
(1822-1867) : wife of Adolf; teacher of 
singing in Konigsberg. 

KOTZEBUB, Ansnst Frledricli 
Ferdinand von, the German poet 
(1761-1819): b. Weimar, d. Mannheim; 
wrote several opera texts including Der 
Wildfang, Der Spiegelritter, Fanchon 
(adapted from the French), Die Ruinen 
von Athen (composed by Beethoven). 
He also pub. an Opern-Almanach, and 
wrote some interesting Vienna musical 
reviews in his paper, Der FreimiXtige. 
Ref.: VI. 141; IX. 221. 

KOTZWARA, Franz (17[?]-1791) : 
b. Prague, d. Ireland; tenor player in 
London, composed sonatas, songs, etc., 
also a spectacular piece called *The 
Battle of Prague.' 

KOVAftOVIC, Karl (1862- ): b. 
Prague; studied at the conservatory 
there and with Fibich; conductor and 
composer in Prague. Besides his piano 
concerto, songs, choruses, etc., he has 
produced in Prague 6 operas and a 
ballet. Ref.: III. 181. 

KOWAIjSKI, H. (1841- ): b. 
Paris; studied at the Conservatoire; 
pianist and composer. 

KOZEIiUH (1) Johann Anton 
(1738-1814) : b. Wellwarn, Bohemia, d. 
Prague, where he was Kapellmeister at 
St. Vitus' church, after having held 
similar positions in Vienna and other 
churches in .Prague. He was a pupil 
of Seegert, Gluck, and Gassmann, and 
wrote several operas, oratorios, masses, 
etc. (MS.). (2) Leopold Anton (1752- 
1818): b. Wellwarn, d. Vienna; cousin 
of (1) ; achieved success with a ballet 
in Prague, 1771, whereupon he aban- 



268 



Koilovskl 

doned the law for music, wrote 24 
other ballets, 3 pantomimes, and other 
stage music. He also produced a num- 
ber of operas, an oratorio, some 30 
symphonies, concertos, trios, sonatas 
and other pieces for piano, chamber 
music, etc., and arranged Scotch songs 
for Thomson of Edinburgh (like Bee- 
thoven). K. was music teacher to the 
Archduchess Elizabeth, refused Mozart's 
post in Salzburg in 1781, but succeeded 
him as Imperial chamber composer in 
1792. _ 

KOZL.OVSKI, Joseph Antoncrltcli 
(1757-1831) : b. Warsaw, d. St. Peters- 
burg; at 18 was music teacher in the 
family of Count Oginski; enlisted in 
the Turkish War, where he attracted 
the attention of Prince Potemkine, who 
took him with him to St. Petersburg, 
where he became director of the Im- 
perial Theatre Orchestra; wrote the 
music for a number of tragedies, also 
a piece 'which was for a long time the 
Russian national hymn. His works also 
include several masses; a Requiem on 
the occasion of the death of the Polish 
king and another on the death of Czar 
Alexander I; and many popular songs. 
Ref.: IX. 380. 

KRAFFT, liudwls (15th cent.) : Ger- 
man composer; wrote a 3-part Terri- 
bilis est, extant in Vienna (Trent Cod. 
90). 

KRAPPT-IiORTZlNG, Karl: neph- 
ew of Albert Lortzing; composed 2 
operas produced in Nordhausen and 
Stettin, and a Volksoper, prod, in Inns- 
bruck. 

KRAFT (1) Anton (1752-1820) : b. 
Rokitzan, n. Pilsen, d. Vienna; *cello 
virtuoso; pupil of Werner at Prague, 
and in composition of Haydn at Vi- 
enna; member of various private or- 
chestras from 1778. He wrote a 'cello 
concerto; 6 'cello sonatas; 'cello diver- 
tissement, 2 'cello duos ; 3 duos con- 
certants for violin and 'cello, and trios 
with 2 barytones (which he played with 
Prince Esterhazy). (2) Nleolaus (1778- 
1853) : b. Esterhaz, Hungary, d. Stutt- 
gart; famous 'cellist who played in 
Dresden with Mozart (1789), and in 
Vienna became a member of Prince 
Llchnowsky's quartet (the Schuppan- 
zigh Quartet), famous for its produc- 
tion of Beethoven's works. Chamber- 
musician to Prince Lobkowitz, he was 
sent to Berlin to study with Duport in 
1791, and after concertizing in various 
cities he joined first the Vienna court 
orch. (1809), then the Stuttgart court 
orch. (1814). He wrote 5 'cello con- 
certos; 6 duos and 3 divertissements 
for 2 'celli; a 'cello fantasia with 
string-quartet; Polonaise, Bolero (with 
orch.) and other 'cello pieces. Ref.: 
VII. 510 (footnote). (3) Frledrich 
(b. 1807) : son of (2) ; was for years 
'cellist in the Stuttgart court orch. 

KRAMER.AIrthnr] Walter (1890-) : 
b. New York; music critic and com- 
poser; studied violin with Maxi- 



Krause 

millan Kramer, Carl Hauser and Rich- 
ard Arnold; piano with James Abra- 
ham; composed many pieces for pi- 
ano, violin, organ, 'cello; songs and 
choruses; also 'Two Sketches' for or- 
chestra; contributor of musical articles 
in magazines. Ref.: TV. Hit. 

KRAMM, GeoTg (1856- ); b." 
Cassel; violinist in court orchestra 
there, in Stettin, Hamburg, Dilsseldorf; 
vocal teacher; director of a male sing- 
ing society, composer of one opera, a 
cantata, and works for orchestra and 
piano. 

KRANTZ, Elngen (1844-1898): b. 
Dresden, d. Gohrisch; studied with 
Junke and Reichardt, and at the Dres- 
den Cons., music teacher in the house- 
hold of Col. von Fabrice in Sassenburg; 
repetitor at the Dresden Court Op- 
era, 1869-84; teacher at the Cons, there; 
critic for the Dresden Presse and the 
Dresdener Nachrichten; pianist, well 
known in Dresden as accompanist and 
Bach player; pub. a Lehrgang im 
Klavierunterricht (1882). 

KRANZ, (16th cent.): German 

organ builder. Ref.: VI. 405. 

KRASSBLT, Alfred (1872-1908): b. 
Glauchau, d. Eisenach; studied with 
his father, Petri and Brodsky; concert- 
master of the Kaim orchestra in Mu- 
nich and of the court orchestra in 
Weimar. 

KRAUS (1) Joseph Martin (1756- 
1792) : b. Miltenberg, near Mayence, d. 
Stockholm; became director of the or- 
chestra at the Stockholm Opera, 1778; 
succeeded Uttinis as court Kapell- 
meister, 1788. His works include 4 op- 
eras, church and secular songs, sym- 
phonies, overtures, string quartets and 
a pamphlet, 'Something About Music' 
(1777). (2) Alessandro, Baron (1853-) : 
b. Florence; pianist and collector 
of musical instruments; author of Le 
quattro scale, della moderna tonalitd 
(1874) ; Ethnographie musicale. La 
Muslque au Japan (1878), etc. (3) 
Ernst (1863- ): b. Erlangen; stud- 
ied singing under Madame Schimann- 
Regan, Munich; in 1896 became heroic 
tenor at the Berlin Royal Opera; 
also sang at the Metropolitan Opera 
House under Heinrlch Conried. (4) 
Felix von (1870- ): b. Vienna; 
brilliant concert singer; studied musical 
science, Musikwissenshaft, Vienna, 
1894; was two months under tuition of 
Stockhausen; was engaged at Bay- 
reuth, 1899; married Miss Adrlenne 
Osborne, of Buffalo, also a well- 
known concert and opera singer. In 
1908 K. became teacher in the Royal 
Akademie der Tonkunst at Munich. 

KRATJSE (1) Christian Gottfried 
(1719-1770) : b. Winzig, Silesia, d. Ber- 
lin; leading spirit of the Berlin Lieder- 
schule; collected and published Oden 
mit Melodien and is the anonymous 
composer of the Preussische Kriegs- 
lieder (1756). He wrote Lettre a M. le 
marquis de B. sur la diffirence de la 



269 



Kraushaar 

musique italienne et la mnsiqne fran- 
CO-ise (1748);, Von der musikalischen 
Poesie (1753) ; etc. (2) Karl Christian 
Friedrlch (1781-1832) : b. Elsenberg, 
Altenburg, d. Munich; author of Dar~ 
stellungen ans der Geschichte der Masik 
(1827) ; Anfangsgriinde der allgemeinen 
Theorie der Musik (1838) ; also a tech- 
nical work on clavier playing. (3) 
Thcodor (1838- ): b. Halle; teacher 
of singing and choir director; founded 
the Nikolai-Marien-Kirchenchor in Ber- 
lin, 1880; became Royal Musikdirektor, 
1887; then teacher of singing in the 
Royal Institute for Church Music, 1895. 
Author of Die Wandernote (1888) ; and 
other "works of the same nature. (4) 
Anton (1834-1907) : b. Geithain, Sax- 
ony, d. Dresden; piano teacher, director 
and composer; studied under Fried- 
rich Wieck, Spindler and Reissiger, 
1850-3, in the Leipzig Cons. ; director of 
the Konkordlenkonzerte and the Lieder- 
tafel in Barmen. He also wrote con- 
siderable piano music. (5) Emll 
(1840- ): b. Hamburg; brilliant pi- 
ano teacher; studied in tlie Leipzig 
Conservatory under Hauptmann, Rietz 
and Richter; became teacher in the 
Hamburg Conservatory, 1885; Royal 
Prussian professor since 1893. Among 
his works are an Aufgabenbach filr 
die Harmonielehre and other publica- 
tions of this nature, as well as some 
chamber music, 3 cantatas, an Ave 
Maria for female voices, etc. (6) 
Ednard (1837-1892) : b. Swinemiinde, d. 
Berlin; studied piano and theory under 
Kroll In Berlin and under Hauptm.inn 
In Leipzig; went to Stettin, 1862, where 
he became prominent as a pianist, com- 
poser and teacher; was for several 
years teacher In the Geneva Conserva- 
tory. He wrote considerably on the 
theory and philosophy of music. (7) 
liUlse (n^e Pletclter) (1846- ) : b. 
Berlin; studied piano under Ad. 
Schultze in Hamburg and singing un- 
der L. Meinardus; married Dr. Rudolf 
Krause, 1867; opened a music school In 
Schwerin under the patronage of the 
Grand Duchess Marie; employed a 
model method by which children could 
be taught notes. She is the author of 
a Populdre Harmonielehre (1900). (8) 
Martin (1853- ) : b. Lobstadt, Sax- 
ony; studied at Leipzig Conservatory; 
teacher in Switzerland and Bremen; 
founded the Lisztverein in Leipzig, 
1885 ; was given the title of professor 
by the Duke of Anhalt. In 1900 he 
became a teacher in the Dresden Con- 
servatory; then teacher in the Royal 
Academy of Munich, 1901 ; and finally, 
in 1904, teacher in the Stern Cons. In 
Berlin; edited a Wagner Calendar, 
1908. 

KRAUSHAAR, Otto (1812-1866) : b. 
Cassel, d. there; studied with Moritz 
Hauptmann, and took up his theory of 
the opposite nature of major and minor 
keys in his Der Akkordliche Gegensatz 
und die BegrUndung der Skala (1852) 



Kreisler 

more consequentially than his master, 
opposing the pure minor scale to the 
major. He also pub. Die Konstruktion 
der gleichschwebenden Temperatur ohne 
Scheiblersche Stimmgabeln (1838) and 
many articles in musical journals; also 
composed songs without words. 

KRAUSS, Gabrlele (1842-1906) : b. 
Vienna, d. Paris; opera singer; student 
of the Vienna Conservatory; engaged 
at the court opera, 1860-8; then, after 
a period of touring, at the Paris Op^ra, 
until 1887; was made an officer of the 
Academy, 1880. Her chief roles were 
Aida, Norma, etc. 

KREBS, Joliann Lndwig (1713- 
1780) : b. Buttelstadt, Thurlngia, d. 
Altenburg. He was J. S. Bach's private 
organ pupil while at the Leipzig 
Thomasschule, 1726-35, and considered 
by the master his best. He became or- 
ganist at Zeitz, Zwickau and Altenburg, 
and composed Clavieriibungen (Nurem- 
berg, 1743-49) ; a clavichord concerto, 
sonatas for clavier and flute; suites and 
preludes for clavier; flute trios, and 
organ-pieces. Be/.; VI. 458. 

KRECKA, K.: contemporary Bohe- 
mian composer. Ref.: III. 182. 

KREHBIEIi, Henry Edward 
(1854- ): b. Ann Arbor, Michigan; 
music critic; reviewer for Cincinnati 
'Gazette' (1874-1880), New York 'Tri- 
bune' (1880-1915) ; pub. 'Notes on the 
Cultivation of Choral Music' (1884) ; 'Re- 
view of the New York Musical Seasons' 
(5 vols., 1885-90) ; 'Studies in Wag- 
nerian Drama' (1891) ; 'The Philhar- 
monic Society of New York' (1892) ; 
'How to Listen to Music' (1896) ; 'Chap- 
ters of Opera' (1908) ; 'A Book of Op- 
eras' (1909) ; 'The Pianoforte and Its 
Music' (1911) ; 'Afro-American Folk- 
songs' (1914), etc. Ref.: (citations, 
etc.) H. 311; FV. 104, 128, 146, 457, 283, 
285, 288ff, 305f, 31611. 

KREHIi, Stephan (1864- ) : b. 
Leipzig; studied at the conservatories 
of Leipzig and Dresden; teacher in 
those of Karlsruhe and Leipzig; com- 
poser of a violin sonata and piano 
quintet; symphonic prelude to Hannele, 
piano pieces, songs, etc.; author of 
treatises on form, counterpoint, fugue, 

KREIDER, NoMe [^Vlckliaml 

(1878- ): b. Goshen, Ind.; studied 
witli Clarence Forsythe, Indianapolis; 
composer of pieces for piano, 'cello 
and piano, orchestra, etc. Ref.: IV. 
419f; mus. ex., XIV. 315. 

KREIPI-, Joseph (1805-1866): d. 
Vienna; singer; composed the song 
Mailufterl, which has become a German 
folk-song. 

KRBISI/ER (1) Johannes ('Kapell- 
meister Kreisler'). Ref.: II. 308; VII. 
232. Cf. Hoffmann, E. T. [A.]. (2) 
Fritz (1875- ) : b. Vienna; studied 
with Hellmesberger there, Massart and 
Delibes in Paris; violin virtuoso with 
international reputation; toured fre- 
quently in Europe and America; wrote 



270 



Kreissle 

violin pieces (Caprice Viennois, etc.) 
and arrangements. Ref.: portrait, VII. 
464. 

KRBISSLE] VOW HEIiLBORN, 

Helnrlch (1803-1869): h. Vienna, d. 
tliere; minister of finance in Vienna; 
member of the Society of tlie Friends 
of Music tliere; published a biograph- 
ical sketch of Franz Schubert in 1861, 
which qualifies him as the first Schu- 
bert biographer, later also a full 
biography, Franz Schubert (1865), 
translated into English by Albert Duke 
Coleridge (1869). 

KHEJCI, Joseph (1822-1881) : b. 
Milostin, Bohemia, d. Prague; studied 
■with Witasek and Proksch; organist, 
choir director, director of the organ 
school at Prague; teacher of theory, 
and from 1865 director of the con- 
servatory; composer of organ pieces, 
masses, and other works. 

KREMBERG, Jakoli (ca. 1650-after 
1718): b. Warsaw, d. London; com- 
poser, poet and singer in Halle, Stock- 
holm, Dresden, Warsaw, London and 
Hamburg, where he was joint lessee 
of the opera (with Kusser) in 1693-95. 
He pub. arias with contlnuo (1689). 

KREMPEI/SETZER, Georg (1827- 
1871) : b. Vilsbiburg, Lower Bavaria, d. 
there; pupil of F. Lachner in Munich; 
composer of operettas (Der Onkel aus 
der Lombardei, 1861, Der Vetter auf. 
Besuch, 1863, Das Orakel in Delphi, 
1867, Der Rotmantel, 1868), also an 
opera. Die Kreuzfahrer, 1865. He was 
theatre conductor in Munich, Gorlitz, 
Konigsberg. 

KREMSER, Edward (1838- ) : b. 
Vienna; chorus leader of the Vienna 
Mannergesangverein frona 1869, also 
concert director of the Gesellschafts- 
Konzerte; composed 4 operettas prod, 
in Vienna, choral songs, works for 
men's chorus and orchestra, songs, 
piano pieces, etc., also arranged old 
Netherland folk-songs for men's chorus, 
solo and orch. ; and pub. Viennese 
Songs and Dances (2 vols., 1912-13). 

KRETSCHMAIVN, Theobald (1850-) : 
b. Vinos, near Prague; was solo 'cellist 
at the Vienna court opera, leader of 
a string quartet. Kapellmeister of the 
Votive church, the Vienna Volksoper, 
and composer of an opera (1895), a bur- 
lesque, Salome die Zweite (1906) ; author 
of Tempi passati (2 vols., 1910-13). 

KRETSCHMER, Edmund (1830-) ; 
b. Ostritz, Upper Lausatla, d. Dres- 
den, where he was organist of the 
Catholic court church, court organist 
Instructor of the Chapel Boys' Institute, 
court church composer; also conducted 
various Dresden choral societies; 
founded a St. (Cecilia Society, became 
professor in 1892; composed a male 
chorus Geisterschlacht (prize-crowned), 
4 masses (one of which received an in- 
ternational prize in Brussels, 1868) ; 
other choral works with orchestra, or- 
chestral pieces (Festmarsch, etc.), and 
the operas Die Folkunger (Dresden, 



27X 



Kreutzer 

1874), Beinrich der Lowe (Leipzig, 
1877), Der FliXchtling (Spieloper, Ulm, 
1881), Schon Rotraut (romantic opera, 
Dresden, 1887). Ref.: III. 256; DC. 
421. Ref.: IX. 421. 

KRETZSCHMAR, [August Ferdi- 
nand] Hermann (1848- ) : b. 01- 
bernhau. Saxony; studied at the Dres- 
den Kreuzschule, and at the Leipzig 
Cons. (Richter, Reinecke, Paul, and 
Papperitz). A thesis on ancient nota- 
tion prior to Guido d'Arezzo (1871) 
was his dissertation for the Dr. phil. 
He taught organ and harmony at the 
Cons., conducted several societies, and 
became theatre Kapellmeister at Metz, 

1876, Musikdirektor at Rostock Univ.; 

1877, municipal Musikdirektor, 1880; 
Musikdirektor Leipzig Univ., 1887, con- 
ductor of the academic male chorus 
'Paulus,' later of the 'Riedel-Verein.' 
In 1890 he organized the Akademische 
Orchesterkonzerte , giving historical pro- 
grams, and became titular profes- 
sor. He composed part-songs (sacred 
and secular) and organ pieces. He is 
highly esteemed as a critic, having 
pub. Fiihrer durch den Konzertsaal 
(3 vols., 1887, etc.), also essays in the 
Grenzbote (Das deutsche Lied seit 
Schumann [1881] ; Die deutsche Klav- 
iermusik seit Schumann [1882] ; 
Brahms [1883] ) ; and a monograph on 
opera, of which the valuable essay on 
Venetian opera in the Vierteljahrs- 
schrift fUr Musikwissenschaft (1892) is 
a part; also lectures on choruses, and 
choral singing, Peter Cornelius, etc. 
He was also on the staff of the Masikal- 
ische Wochenblatt. Ref.: (citations, 
etc.) III. 256; VI. 329; VIII. 120, 123, 
138, 168, 242, 251; IX. 12. 

KREUBE, Charles Frederic (1777- 
1848): b. Lun^ville, d. near St. Denis; 
conductor of Opira Comique, 1816-28, 
composer of 16 comic operas produced 
in Paris. 

KRBTJTZER (1) Rodolphe (1766- 
1831): b. Versailles, d. Geneva; violin- 
ist; pupil of his father, and Anton 
Stamitz; became violinist in the Cha- 
pelle du Roi. He played a violin con- 
certo of his own at one of the Concerts 
Spirituels at 13; became first violinist 
Cliapelle du Roi at 16, and solo violin 
in the Theatre Italien at 24, when he 
also prod. Jeanne d'Arc d Orlians, his 
first opera. Of the 40 others that fol- 
lowed it, Lodoiska is considered the 
best. K. became teacher of violin at 
the Cons., and made a triumphant con- 
cert tour through Italy, Germany, and 
Holland, became solo violin at the 
Op^ra, 1801, second conductor in 1816, 
and chief conductor in 1817. He was 
also chamber musician to Napoleon; 
then to Louis XVIII. Beethoven in- 
scribed to him his great 'Kreutzer So- 
nata.' K. wrote 43 operas; 19 violin 
concertos; 2 double concertos; a sym- 
phonic concertante for violin and 'cello, 
and orch.; 15 string quartets; 15 string 
trios; also duets, sonatas, variations, 



Krieger 

etc., for violin; and the famous 40 
Mudes on Caprices for violin, univer- 
sally used, frequently repub. and re- 
vised by Vieuxtemps and others. 
Jointly with Rode and Baillot, K. com- 
piled the great Violin Method of the 
Paris Conservatoire. Ref.: VII. 408, 
412, 418, 431f, 451; X. 102. (2) (or 
Kreuzer) Conradin (1780-1849) : b. 
Mosskirch, Baden, d. Riga ; at first a 
medical student at Freiburg, he aban- 
doned that profession for music, pro- 
ducing his first operetta. Die Idcherliche 
Werbung, at his university town in 1800. 
Later he studied counterpoint with 
Albrechtsberger in Vienna, where he 
brought out Xsop in Phryglen (Vienna, 
1808) and Jery und Batelg (1810). After 
a tour as pianist he went to Stuttgart, 
where, after producing Conradin von 
Schwaben, a grand opera, in 1812, he was 
appointed court Kapellmeister and pro- 
duced 8 other dramatic works. After 
serving as Kapellmeister to the Prince 
von Fiirstenberg in Donaueschingen, he 
prod. Libussa (1822) at Vienna, and 
conducted at the Karnthnerthor Theater 
and the Josephstadter Theater. His 
best work. Das Nachtlager von Granada, 
was brought out in 1834 and is still 
performed in German cities. Besides 
his 30 operas, K. wrote an oratorio. 
Die Sendung Moses (Stuttgart, 1814); 
church music, chamber music, piano 
pieces, songs, and some beautiful male 
choruses, including Die Capelle, Sonn- 
tagsmorgen, Der Tag des Herrn, and 
others. He ended his career in Riga, 
with his daughter CScille, an opera 
singer; after having been Kapellmeister 
at the Cologne Stadttheater, 1840-46. 
Ref.: II. 879; V. 228; IX. 112, 222. (3) 
Anguste (1778-1832) : b. Versailles, d. 
Paris; studied under his brother, 
Rodolphe, in the Paris Conservatory, 
becoming a brilliant violin player and 
teacher; was in the orchestra of the 
Op^ra Comique, 1798; then in the or- 
chestra of the Opera, 1802-23 ; also in 
the court orchestra of Napoleon, Louis 
XVIII and Charles X; succeeded his 
brother as professor of violin at the 
Conservatoire. His violin compositions 
include 2 concertos, 2 duets, 3 sonatas, 
etc. (4) Charles Jj^on Francois 
(1817-1868): b. Paris, d. Vichy; son of 
(3), brilliant music critic, writing for 
the Journal, La Quotidienne, L'Union, 
Revue et Gazette musicale. Foremost 
among his writings is L'Opera en 
Europe (1841). He also composed a 
piano sonata, a trio, 2 symphonies, 2 
operas, etc. 

KRISGER (1) Adam (1634-1666); 
b. Driesen, Neumark, d. Dresden; stud- 
ied under Samuel Scheldt in Halle; was 
chief organist in Dresden. His works 
include arias for 1-5 voices with in- 
strumental ritornelli, etc. (2) [Johann] 
PMlipp von (1649-1725) : b. Nuremberg, 
d. Weissenfels; organist in Copenhagen, 
1665-70; studied under Caspar Forster, 
also under Rosenmiiller and. Rovetta in 



Kroegep 

Venice; became Kapellmeister in Bay- 
reuth, 1677-80; organist and vice- 
Kapellmeister at Halle; later court 
Kapellmeister at Weissenfels. Wrote 
many operas, probably most of those 
produced at that time in Dresden. His 
works include 12 sonata trios, etc. (3) 
Johann (1652-1735) : b. Nuremberg, d. 
Zlttau; brother of (2), under whom he 
studied, succeeding him in Bayreuth; 
court Kapellmeister in Greir, 1678 ; later 
musical director and organist in Zittau. 
He composed considerable clavier mu- 
sic; many of his notations in manu- 
script are found in the libraries of 
Berlin and Zlttau. (4) Johann Gott- 
helf (1687-1740) : b. Weissenfels, d. 
there; son of (2), under whom he 
studied, and whom he succeeded as 
court Kapellmeister in Weissenfels. (5) 
Ferdinand (1843- ) : b. Walders- 
hof; studied in the Munich Conserva- 
tory; teacher at the Praparandenanstalt 
in Ratlsbou. K. published Der ratlon- 
elle Musikunterricht, Versuch einer mu- 
sikalischen Pddagogik und Uethodik 
(1870), etc. 

KRIBNS, Chrlstlaan Fieter wn. 
helm (1881- ) : b. Amsterdam, Hol- 
land; violinist and conductor; stud- 
ied at the Royal Cons., The Hague, 
where he was awarded a gold medal; 
conducted orchestras in France and 
Holland and the French Grand Opera, 
New Orleans ; composed 78 works, in- 
cluding a symphony and a 'Holland 
Suite.' Ref.: IV. 401. 

KRIESSTEIIV, MelchioF (16th 
cent.) : music printer in Augsburg, pub- 
lished 2 (Siegmund Salbinger's) collec- 
tions of cantiones (1540 and 1545). 

KRIGAR, Jullns Hermann (1819- 
1880): b. Berlin, d. there; studied at 
the Leipzig conservatory; painter, then 
music teacher in Berlin; director of the 
Berlin Liedertafel, royal Musikdirektor 
and professor. He produced a Musiker- 
kalender (1873-74) and composed a few 
small pieces. 

KftlSKOWSKI, Paul (1820-1885) : 
b. Briinn, d. there; composer of church 
and Czech national music; Augustinian 
monk and archiepiscopal councillor. 

KRISIHANN (Grlesmann, Chrls- 
mann), Franz Xavler ([?]-1795): d. 
Rottenmann, Styria; celebrated organ 
builder; built the famous organ at 
St. Florian, having 78 stops (4 32- 
foot) and 4 manuals. 

KRISTINTTS, Karl Raimund (1843- 
1904): b. Wagstadt, d. Vienna; director 
of singing societies in Vienna and a 
church choir in Gumpendorf; composed 
male choruses and sacred songs; au- 
thor of a small biography of Mozart. 

KROCKER, Johannes (1604-1626) : 
b. Brleg, d. Konigsberg; court musician 
and conductor in Konigsberg, of whose 
music only occasional pieces are pre- 
served 

KROEGER, Ernest Richard (1862-) : 
b. St. Louis; studied the violin and the 
piano in St. Louis; director of the Col- 



272 



KrogulsM 

lege of Music, Forest Park University, 
also the Kroeger School of Music; or- 
ganist, concert pianist, composer and 
"writer. He has composed overtures, 
organ pieces, chamber music (piano 
quartet, violin sonata, 'cello romanza) 
and piano pieces, also an orchestral 
suite played by orchestras under 
Thomas, Herbert and Damrosch. fief.; 
IV. 311, 379f ; mus. ex., XIV. 243. 

KROGtJIiSKI, Josepb (1815-1842): 
b. Tarnov, d. Warsaw; studied with 
Eisner; composed masses and other 
church music, cantatas, a string quar- 
tet, and piano variations. 

KROHN, Ilmarl Henrik Reinhold 
(1867- ): b. Helsingfors; lecturer 
at the University of Helsingfors; au- 
thor of Ober die Art nnd Entstehnng 
der geistlichen Volksmelodien in Finn- 
land (1899), and a collection of Fin- 
nish folk-songs (1893, 1900), etc. As 
a composer he has also written a num- 
ber of church songs, piano sonatas 
and a suite for orchestra, etc. Ref.: 
X. 132. 

KROLANDER, Vatroslav (1848-) ; 
b. Varasdin, Croatia ; studied with 
Skuhersky, Proksch and at the Vienna 
Cons.; pianist, organist, teacher of 
piano and organ, composer of vocal 
and church music. 

KROLIi, Franz (1820-1877): b. 
Bromberg, d. Berlin; studied under 
Liszt; pianist in Berlin and teacher in 
the Stern Conservatory there; wrote 
piano pieces, and edited a critical edi- 
tion of Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavi- 
chord'; also Bibliothek dlterer und 
neuerer Klaviermusik (1871). 

KROIiOP, Franz (1839-1897) : b. 
Troja, d. Berlin; abandoned law to 
become an operatic bass; sang at Trop- 
pau, Linz, Bremen, and Berlin court 
opera. 

KROMMFR, Franz (1760-1831) : b. 
Kamenitz, Moravia; d. Vienna; brilliant 
violinist and composer; studied the 
organ In Turin, but after a short period 
as organist he became a violinist in 
the private band of Count Styrum, of 
Simonthurm, Hungary; went with 
Prince Grassalkovitch to Vienna as his 
Kapellmeister, where he finally became 
court composer. His works include 
one important piece for string quartet, 
a trio sonata, quintets and trios for 
string, a violin duet, a violin con- 
certo, masses, etc. 

KROXKX:, Emll (1865- ) : b. 
Danzig; studied at the Leipzig and the 
Dresden Cons., pianist and teacher; 
composer of a piano concerto, sym- 
phonic variations for piano with or- 
chestra, concert variations for 2 pianos, 
and many other piano pieces, techni- 
cal studies, etc., a 'cello suite, a vio- 
lin suite, 2 suites for flute, a horn 
quartet, etc. 

KROYER, Theodor (1872- ) : b. 
Munich; studied with Sandberger and 
at the Royal Academy of Music there; 
music critic of the Munich Allgemeine 



Krnmpholtz 

Zeitung, 1897; teacher of musical his- 
tory at Dr. Kaim's Musical Institute, 
1900-02; private tutor in music at 
the Univ., 1902; author of Die Anfdnge 
der Chromatik im italienischen Madri- 
gal (1902) and numerous essays; com- 
poser of 2 symphonies, a quartet, pi- 
ano pieces, songs, etc. 

KRCCKIi, Franz (1841-1899): b. 
Edlspitz, Moravia; d. Strassburg; stud- 
ied with Dessoff; operatic baritone at 
Briinn, Cassel, Augsburg, Hamburg and 
Cologne; vocal teacher at the Hoch 
Conservatory, Frankfort, and director 
of the Strassburg Stadttheater ; wrote 
on the German theatre. 

KRTJG (1) Friedrici (1812-1892) : b. 
Cassel, d. Carlsruhe; was baritone at 
the opera, later court musical director 
in Carlsruhe. (2) Dii-derlch (1821- 
1880): b. Hamburg, d. there; was mu- 
sic teacher in Hamburg, and wrote 
a great deal of light piano music, etc. 
(3) Arnold (1849-1904) : b. Hamburg, 
d. there; son of (2); studied in the 
Leipzig Conservatory, also with Rei- 
necke and Kiel and Ernst Franck; be- 
came piano teacher in the Stern 
Conservatory, 1872-77; then went to 
Italy with the Meyerbeer scholarship; 
teacher in the Hamburg Conservatory 
after 1885. He composed various sym- 
phonies, a symphonic prologue to 
'Othello,' a violin concerto, a waltz for 
piano, 4-hands, etc. (4) (Krag-Vi^'ald- 
see), Josef (1858- ) : b. Waldsee, 
Upper Swabia; studied in the Stuttgart 
Conservatory; chorus director of the 
Hamburg Stadttheater, 1889-92; Kapell- 
meister of the Stadttheater at Brunn 
and other cities; composer of many 
choruses, a symphony, a piano and vio- 
lin suite, and an overture to Schiller's 
Turandot. 

KRttGBR (1) Edaard (1807-1885): 
b. Lilneburg, d. Gottingen; became pro- 
fessor of music at Gottingen, 1861. 
His critiques in various journals show 
profound thought. Among his more 
permanent works are Beitrdge fiir 
Leben und Wissenshaft der Tonkunst 
(1847): System der Tonkunst (1866); 
etc. (2) Wllhelm (1820-1883): b. 
Stuttgart, d. there; brilliant pianist; 
lived in Paris, 1845-70; then returned 
to Stuttgart, where he became court pi- 
anist and teacher in the Conservatory. 
(3) Gottlieb (1824-1895): b. Stuttgart, 
d. there; brother of (3); harp vir- 
tuoso; was a member of the court band 
in Stuttgart. (4) FeUx B. (1874- ) : 
professor at the University of Leipzig; 
has written several books related to 
music, among which are Beziehungen 
der experimentellen Phonetik zur Psy- 
chologie (1907) ; and Die Theorie der 
Konsonanz (1908). 

KRITIMPHOIjTZ (1) Jabann Bap- 
tist (1745-1790) : b. Zlonitz, near 
Prague; d. Paris; celebrated harp vir- 
tuoso; went to Paris, where his fa- 
ther was bandmaster of a French regi- 
ment; taught harp and gave concerts 



273 



Erase 

in Vienna, 1772; then joined the band 
of Prince Esterhazy, 1773-76; later 
toured Germany and France with suc- 
cess. He composed 6 harp concertos, 
52 sonatas, symphonies, etc. (2) 
"Wcnzel (ca. 1750-1817): d. Vienna; 
brother of (1) ; was a member of the 
Vienna Opera orchestra, 1796; and a 
friend of Beethoven, who dedicated his 
Gesang der Monche to him. Among 
his compositions are a violin solo, etc. 

KRUSE (1) GeoTg Richard (1856-) : 
b. Greiffenberg, Silesia; pursued his 
musical studies in Leipzig; was con- 
ductor of opera in Germany and Amer- 
ica; was music critic for the Mil- 
waukee Eerold, 1891-94; toured for two 
years with Humperdinck's 'Hansel and 
Gretel'; was Kapellmeister of the mu- 
nicipal theatre in Berne, 1896-1900; 
since then editor of the Deutsche 
Bilhnengenossenschaft, Berlin; also of 
the dramatic and musical works of 
Reclam's Universalbibliothek, founder 
(1908) and director of the Lessing 
Museum and the Volksblbliothek. He 
pub. the first fundamental biography 
of A. Lortzlng (1899), also Lortzing's 
letters and monographs on Gotz, Nicolai, 
etc. Among his musical works are an 
arrangement of Schubert's Rosamunde 
and music for Shakespeare's 'As You 
Like It.' (2) Johann S. (1859- ): 
b. Melbourne, Australia; violinist; pu- 
pil of Joachim and member of his 
quartet; concert-master of the Phil- 
harmonic Orch., Berlin, 1892, then at 
Bremen; from 1897 director of the 
popular Saturday and Monday Concerts 
(chamber music) in London. Ref,: 
VII. 451. 

KRYJANO-WSKY, John (1867- ) : 
b. Kieff; a physician by profes- 
sion; studied violin with Sev6ik, and 
became a pupil of Rimsky-Korsalioif at 
the St. Petersburg Cons.; while holding 
a position at the St. Petersburg Medi- 
cal Institute and a professorship in the 
Military Academy, he composed for 
violin (sonata, concerto, ballads, ro- 
mance), also a 'cello suite, piano pieces 
and songs, and "wrote for Russian mu- 
sical journals. Ref.: III. 155. 

KRZYZANOWSKI, Rudolf (1862- 
1911): b. Eger, d. Graz; studied at the 
Vienna Cons., Kapellmeister in Halle, 
Elberfeld, Munich, Prague, Hamburg 
and Weimar. 

KSHESINSKAYA, Mathilda: con- 
temp. Russian ballerina. Ref.: X. 151, 
179, 183, 185, 188. 

KSHBSINSKY, Felix, Russian bal- 
let master. Ref.: X. 182. 

KTESIBIOS (ca. 170 B.C.) : reputed 
inventor of the hydraulic organ. Ref.: 
VI. 398. 

KUBEIilK, Jan (1880- ) : b. 
Michle, near Prague; violin virtuoso 
at Prague Cons.; toured Europe and 
America; received the London Philhar- 
monic's Beethoven medal for technique, 

KCCHARCZ, Johann Baptist (1751- 
1829): b. Chotecz, Bohemia; d. Prague; 



Euflerath 

studied with Seegert in Prague, where 
he was organist and opera conductor; 
composed operas, ballets and organ 
concertos; wrote recitatives for Mo- 
zart's Zauberflote and made the first 
piano arrangements of Mozart's operas. 
KVCKEN, Friedrich Willielm 
(1810-1882) : b. Bleckede, near Liine- 
burg, d. Schwerin; studied under the 
organist of his native city, then be- 
came player of various instruments in 
local orchestra ; attracted attention by 
his popular songs, such as the folk- 
song Ach ivle war's moglich dann, 
after which he became music teacher 
to the Prince. In 1832 he went to Ber- 
lin for further study, where he pro- 
duced an opera. Die Flucht nach der 
Schweiz. Later he studied with Sech- 
ter in Vienna, 1841, and with Hal^vy 
in Paris, 1843; became court Kapell- 
meister at Stuttgart, 1851. His other 
works include several violin and 'cello 
sonatas, quartets for male voices, 

kuCZYNSKI, Paul (1846-1897); d. 
Berlin; studied with Hans von Biilow 
and Friedrich Kiel; patron of music 
and composer; wrote words and music 
of many vocal works, also composed 
piano pieces; pub. Aus Brief en Ad. 
Jensens (1879), Erlebnisse und Gedan- 
ken, Dichtungen zu Musikwerken (1898). 

KTJDELSKI, Karl Mathias (1805- 
1877) : b. Berlin, d. Baden-Baden: vio- 
linist in Dorpat quartet and conductor 
to the Imperial Theatre, St. Petersburg; 
composed concertos for 'cello and for 
violin, trios, string quartets, also a 
treatise on composition. 

KUFFERATH (1) Johann Her- 
mann (1797-1864) : b. Millheim, d. 
Wiesbaden; brilliant violinist; studied 
in Cassel under Spohr and Haupt- 
mann; musical director in Bielefeld, 
1823; municipal Musikdirektor at 
Utrecht, 1830; also singing teacher in 
a music school there. Among his works 
are a number of overtures, motets, 
etc., as well as a work on teaching 
singing. (2) Louis (1811-1882) : b. 
Millheim, d. near Brussels; brother of 
(1) ; pianist; studied under F. Schnei- 
der in Dessau; director of the music 
school at Leenwarden, 1836-50; then 
became a private teacher at Ghent, 
His works include a mass for organ 
and orchestra, a great amount of piano 
music, songs, choruses, etc. (3) Hu- 
bert Ferdinand (1818-1896) : b. Miil- 
heim, d. Brussels; brother and pupil 
of (1) and (2) ; studied further un- 
der David and Mendelssohn at Leip- 
zig; became professor of composition 
at Brussels Conservatory, 1844. Among 
his best works are a symphony, a quar- 
tet, a trio, choruses, songs, consider- 
able piano music, etc. (4) Maurice 
(1852- ): b. Brussels; son of (3); 
was editor of the Guide musical; be- 
came director of the Theatre de la 
Monnaie, 1900. Among his works are 
Le thidtre de Wagner de Tannhauser d 



274 



Kiiffner 

Parsifal (1891-98) ; La Salomi de Rich- 
ard Strauss (1908), Fidelia de L. van 
Beethoven (1912) ; also a biography of 
Vieuxtemps (1883), Musiciens et phi- 
losophes (1897), and L'art de diriger 
I'orchestre (2nd ed., 1901). 

KtlFFBTBR, Josepb (1776-1856): b. 
Wurzburg, d. there; composed sym- 
phonies and overtures, also concerted 
music for string and wind instruments, 
flute duets, clarinet trios, etc., and 
especially music for military band. He 
wrote an Oboe Method, revised by Fritz 
Vollbach in 1894. 

KTJGELMANN (1) Hans (16th 
cent.): d. Konigsberg; chief trumpeter 
to Duke Albrecht of Prussia; obtained 
Ranch's place as Kapellmeister through 
intrigue; pub. a sacred song book (3 
parts), 1540. (2) Paul (16th cent.) : 
pub. sacred and secular songs in 3, 
4, 5 and 6 parts 'auf alle Instrument 
zu gebrauchen' (Konigsberg, 1558). 

KtJHAC, Franz Xaver (1843-1911): 
b. Escheck, Croatia; d. Agram; stud- 
ied at the conservatories of Pesth and 
Leipzig, also with Liszt in Weimar and 
HanslicJc in Vienna; pub. extensive col- 
lection of Southern Slavic folk-songs 
with piano accompaniment (4 vols.); 
also special studies on musical talent, 
instruments, notation of the Southern 
Slavs, etc. Ref.: 11. 98. 

KUHB, Wilhelm (1823-1912); b. 
Prague; studied with Tomaschek; 
teacher of music, pianist and composer 
in London and Brighton; professor at 
the Royal Academy of Music and author 
of 'My Musical Recollections' (1897). 

KUHIiAU, Frledrlcb (1786-1832) : b. 
tJlzen, Hanover ; d. Copenhagen ; came 
to Hamburg, 1800, where he studied 
harmony under Schwencke; fled to 
Copenhagen, 1910, to escape the French 
conscription. There, in 1813, he became 
a chamber musician, without wages; 
taught piano and theory; became court 
composer, 1818, on salary, then became 
professor, 1828. His works include the 
operas Die Rduberburg (1814) ; Elisa; 
Lulu; Die Zauberharfe ; Hugo und Abel- 
heid; the dramatic scene Euridice; mu- 
sic to Heiberg's Erlenhilgel (1828) and 
Boye's Shakespeare (1826), the latter 
being still popular in Denmark. His 
3 flute quartets, trios_, concertants, 
duets, solos for flute, 2 piano concertos, 
8 violin sonatas, 4- and 2-hand piano 
sonatas are still in demand, and espe- 
cially his piano sonatinas (op. 20, 55, 
59, 60, 88), which, repub. in complete 
ed- by Riemann, are valuable study 
material for beginners, but his once 
popular songs and male quartets are 
now forgotten. 

KCHMSTBDT, Frlcdrich (1809- 
1858): b. Oldisleben, Thuringia; d. 
Eisenach; studied composition at 19, 
under Rinck in Darmstadt; became 
teacher In Weimar, then in the semi- 
nary at Eisenach, 1836; later professor. 
His works include several oratorios, 
a mass with orchestra, motets, a piano 



Knlke 

concerto, etc., most of which are now 

forgotten. 

KTJHN, Max Richard Angast 

(1874- ): b. Chemnitz; was a stu- 
dent in Dresden and Leipzig; author of 
Die Verzierungskunst in der Gesangs- 
musik des 16.-17. Jahrhunderts ; mem- 
ber of the publishing firm of Lauter- 
bach and Kuhn, Leipzig. 

KtJHXAU, Johann (1667-1722) : b. 
Geysing, Saxony; d. Leipzig. He stud- 
ied with Hering and Albrici at the 
Dresden Kreuzschule, with Edelmann at 
Zittau, where he became cantor, then 
at Leipzig Univ. He became organist, 
then cantor, at the Thomaskirche, as 
Bach's predecessor, 1700, and also mu- 
sical director of the Univ. K. pub. 
what may be considered the first 
harpsichord sonata in imitation of the 
instrumental sonata in several move- 
ments. In Joh. Kuhnau's neue Clavier- 
Vbung anderer Theil, das ist: Sieben 
Partten aus dem Re, Mi, Fa Oder Tertia 
minore eines Jedweden Toni, benebenst 
einer Sonata aus dem B, denen Liebha- 
bern zu gar besonderem Vergniigen 
aufgesetzt (Leipzig, 1695, the first part 
having appeared 1689). In his Frische 
Clavierfriichte (1696) there are 7 sona- 
tas showing considerable advance over 
their predecessor. Six more sonatas 
appeared in his Mnsikalische Vorstel- 
lung einiger biblischer Historien (set- 
ting forth the fight between David and 
Goliath; David's cure of Saul; Jacob's 
Wedding; etc.). An essay. Jura circa 
mnsicos ecclesiasticos (1688), etc., and 
Der Quacksalber, a satire on Italian 
music (1700), are also 'from his pen. 
Ref.: I. 415f, 453: IL 58; VL 88, 425; 
VIL 27, 28f, 34, 35, 37, 59, 69, 75, 90, 
94; VIII. 285; facsimile of title-page 
(Neue Clavier-Vbung), VII. 32. 

KtJHNEIi, Ambroslns. See HOFF- 

MEISTER. 

Kt^HXBR (1) Vastly VasilieTiteli 

(1840-1911) : b. Stuttgart, d. Vilna; stud- 
ied in the Stuttgart Cons., then violin 
in Paris and piano in St. Petersburg; 
director of a music school in Tiflis, 
1870-76; opened a nausic school of his 
own in St. Petersburg, 1892. His works 
include 2 symphonies, 2 string quar- 
tets, a quintet, a suite for piano and 
'cello and an opera, Taras Bulba (St. 
Petersburg, 1880). (2) Konrad (1851-) : 
b. Markt-Streufdorf in Meiningen; 
studied in the Stuttgart Cons.; piano 
teacher in Brunswick, then in Dresden. 
His works include romances, nocturnes 
and a symphonic poem, Maria Stuart. 

KUIiENKAMPFF, Gustav (1849-) : 
b. Bremen; studied music with Rein- 
thaler and at the Berlin Royal High 
School; founder of a women's chorus 
and conservatory director in Berlin; 
composed and produced 4 comic operas 
in German cities. 

KULKB, Ednard: contemp. author 
of books on Wagner and Nietzsche, 
melody, and Kritik der Philosophic 
des Schonen (1906), Dr. phil., Vienna. 



275 



KiiUak 

KTIIiliAK, Theodor (1818-1882): b. 
Krotoschin, Posen; d. Berlin; pianist 
and teaclier; studied witli tlie pianist 
Agthe, and made liis debut at a court 
concert in 1829. After taking up tlie 
study of medicine he again met Agtiie, 
studied harmony with Dehn, and finally 
devoted himself to music. After fur- 
ther study with Czerny, Sechter, and 
Nicolai in Vienna, and a brilliant Aus- 
trian tour, K. settled in Berlin, became 
teacher to the Royal family, and court 
pianist in 1846. He founded, with 
Julius Stern and Bernhard Marx, the 
Berlin Cons, (later Stern Cons.) ; in 
1855 he established his own Neue Akad- 
emie der Tonkunst, one of the most suc- 
cessful German conservatoires. He taught 
many distinguished pupils, including 
the two Scharwenkas, Sherwood, Arthur 
Mees, Hans Bischoff, Otto Neitzel, Mo- 
ritz Moszkowski, etc. His educational 
works for piano include 'School of Oc- 
tave Playing* (op. 8), 'Seven Studies in 
Octave Playing' (op. 48), 3 books of 
Materialien fiir den Elementar-Unter- 
richty which are classics of their kind. 
He also wrote the practical part of the 
Moscheles and Fetis Method (2 books). 
Among his compositions are the charm- 
ing sketches Kinderleben, La danse des 
sulphides; a sonata; a Symphonie de 
piano; Ballade; a concerto; tliree duos 
with violin (with Wiierst) ; Andante 
(with violin or clarinet) ; Pastorales, 
trios; Impromptu-Caprice ; 2 Polonaises 
ckaracteristiques ; Romances du vieux 
temps; Arpeges and La Gazelle; other 
effective salon pieces for piano, bril- 
liant transcriptions of Russian national 
airs, etc. ; also songs. 

KUMMER (1) Kaspar (1795-1870): 
b. Erlau, near Schleusingen ; flute vir- 
tuoso, from 1813 a member of the 
Schlosskapelle at Coburg; composed 
numerous works for flute. (2) Prled- 
ricli [August] (1797-1879) : b. Meiningen, 
d. Dresden; oboist and later 'cellist 
In the Dresden Court Opera; teacher 
of 'cello at the Cons.; composed a con- 
certo, variations, divertissements and 
other pieces for 'cello, a method for 
'cello etc. 

KUNKBL, (1) Franz Josepb (1808- 
1880): b. Dieburg, Hesse; d. Frankfort- 
on-Main; composer of organ pieces, 
choruses and songs ; author of books on 
harmony, etc. (2) Brothers: music 
publishers in St. Louis, Mo. 

KUNTZB, Karl (1817-1883) : b. 
Treves, d. Delitzsch; studied in the 
Berlin Royal Institute for Church Mu- 
sic; organist. Royal Musikdirektor and 
teacher; composed songs, duets, vocal 
trios, humorous male quartets, etc.; 
edited Seidel's Die Orgel und ihr Ban 
(3rd ed., 1875), and pub. a guide for 
vocal teaching, etc. 

KUNWALiD, Ernst (1868- ) : b. 
Vienna; conductor; studied in Vienna, 
and the Leipzig Cons. (Jadassohn) ; 
chorus repetitor at Leipzig, Sonders- 
hausen, Essen, Halle; Kapellmeister at 



Kurth 

Rostock; conducted the Nibelungen at 
Madrid, 1900-01; opera conductor at 
Frankfurt, 1902-05; Nuremberg, 1906; 
conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic 
Orchestra, 1907-12, of the Cincinnati 
Symphony Orchestra since 1912. He Is 
also musical director of the Cincinnati 
May Festival Association. Ref.: IV. 
195. 

KTJNZ, Konrad Max (1812-1875) ; b. 
Schwandorf, Upper Palatinate; d. Mu- 
nich; abandoned the study of medicine 
in Munich for that of music; director 
of the Liedertafel, chorus-master of the 
Munich court opera; composed male 
quartets, 200 little 2-part canons, etc. 

KUNZEN (1) Johann Paul (1696- 
1757): b. Leisnig, Saxony, d. Liibeck; 
was Kapellmeister at Zerbst, 1718; then 
concert director at Wittenberg, 1719; 
described by Mattheson as one of the 
best composers of his time. His works 
include several operas, a Passion, many 
cantatas, overtures and an oratorio, 
BaltazoT. (2) Karl Adolph (1720- 
1781): b. Wittenberg, d. Liibeck; son 
of (1) ; was noted as an infant prodigy 
pianist at the age of 8, in Holland 
and England. Became Kapellmeister in 
Schwerin, 1750; succeeded his father 
on the latter's death. His works in- 
clude harpsichord sonatas and con- 
certos, symphonies, songs, etc. (3) 
Friedrich Ludfvtg Ajnilius (1761- 
1817): b. Lubeck, d. Copenhagen; sou 
of (2) ; produced his first opera, Eolger 
Danske, in Copenhagen, 1789; pub- 
lished, with Reichardt, the Musikalische 
Wochenblatt in Berlin, 1791, and the 
Musikalische Monatschrift, 1792. Was 
theatre Kapellmeister at Frankfort, but 
finally became court Kapellmeister at 
Copenhagen, 1795. Besides his first op- 
era he wrote 12 other Danish and Ger- 
man operas; also overtures, oratorios, 
cantatas and sonatas. 

KURPIIVSKI, Karl Kaslmir (1785- 
1883): b. Treves, d. Delitzsch; studied 
in the Royal Institute for Church Mu- 
sic in Berlin; organist at Pritzwalk; 
Royal Musikdirektor, 1852; organist at 
Aschersleben, 1858; teacher in the semi- 
nary at Delitzsch, 1873; famous for his 
humorous compositions for male quar- 
tets, songs, duets, etc. 

KURT, Melanle: contemp. operatic 
soprano; studied at the Vienna Cons., 
where she won the Liszt prize for piano 
playing; then became pupil of Lesche- 
tizky in piano and Lilli Lehmann in 
singing. She was leading dramatic so- 
prano at the Berlin Royal Opera 4 
years, has sung at Covent Garden, Lon- 
don, Champs Elysees, Paris, and Metro- 
politan Opera House, New York; suc- 
cessful in leading Wagner roles, in- 
cluding Isolde and Kundry. Ref.: IV. 
155. 

KURTH (1) Otto (1846- ) : b. 
Triebel (Brandenburg) ; composer of 3 
operas, an oratorio, a cantata, orches- 
tral works, and chamber music. (2) 
Ernst (1886- ): b. Vienna; stud. 



276 



Kusser 

musical science under Adier at Vienna 
University; Dr. phil. witli Der Stil der 
Opera seria von Chr. W. Gluck bis zum 
Orfeo (1908) ; also wrote Zur Ars can- 
tus mensurabilis des Franko von 
Koln (1908), on harmonic premises 
(1913), etc. Since 1912 he has been 
docent for music at Berne Univ. 

KUSSBR (or Cousser), Johann 
Siegmnnd (ca. 1657-1727): b. Press- 
burg, d. Dublin; conductor of the Ham- 
burg opera, 1693-95; credited with mak- 
ing that institution famous. He is held 
up as a model by Mattheson in his 
Volkommener Capellmeister. During 
1698-1704 K. conducted the Stuttgart 
opera; then the Viceroy's orchestra at 
Dublin. Earlier he had lived in Paris, 
as a friend of Lully. He wrote the 
operas Erindo (1693), Potus (1694), 
Pgramus und Thisbe (1694), Scipio 
Africanus (1695) and Jason (1697), all 
prod, at Hamburg; also Apollon en- 
joui, 6 overtures, arias, etc. Ref.: IX. 
3D. 

KUSSEVITZKI, Sergei Alexan- 
drovitcli (1874- ) : b. Vyshny Vo- 
lotchk; pupil and professor in the 
Moscow Philharmonic Music School; 
composed a concerto for double bass; 
founded a Society for the Promotion of 
Russian Music in Berlin, and main- 
tained an orchestra with which he trav- 
elled in musically deserted parts of 
Russia. 

KDSTER, Hermann (1817-1878) : b. 
Templin, Ukermark, d. Herford, West- 
phalia; studied under A. W. Bach, L. 
Berger, Rungenhagen and Marx at the 
Royal Institute for Church Music and 
the Composition School of the Akademie 
in Berlin, 1845-52; became music di- 
rector at Saarbriicken, then became 
teacher in Berlin; founded the Ton- 
kiinstlerverein ; then in 1857, Royal 
Musikdirektor and organist of the 
Cathedral; professor in 1874. His 
works include oratorios, vocal and 
instrumental music, and Die Elemente 



Kyasht 

des Gesanges (1861), Methode fUr den 
Unterricht im Gesang auf hoheren. 
Schulanstalten (1872), etc. 

KUTZSCHBACH, Hermann liUd- 
wig (1875- ); b. Meissen; studied 
at the Dresden Clons.; repetitor at the 
Dresden Court Theatre, 1895-1906, and 
tliird conductor there from 1898; first 
conductor at Mannheim, 1906-09; re- 
turned as third conductor to Dresden, 
where he later became second con- 
ductor. 

KTJTJIiA, Tolwo (1883- ): b. 
Vasaj Finland; pupil of the Helsing- 
fors Cons, and of Enrico Bossi, H, 
Sitt, and Marcel Labey in Bologna, 
Leipzig and Paris, respectively. He be- 
came orchestral conductor in Ule4borg, 
1910. He has pub. to date a violin 
sonata, a trio, piano pieces, songs, and 
choral songs, while a symphony, a sym- 
phonic poem, and 2 suites for orchestra 
have been performed, as well as 2 can- 
tatas for solo voice and orchestra, prel- 
udes and fugues for orchestra, and 
choruses with orchestra. Ret.: X. 
205. 

KtJYPBR, Ellsabetb (1877- ): 
b. Holland; studied at the Berlin 
Royal High School with Barth and Max 
Bruch; founder and leader of a women's 
orchestra in Berlin; conductor of the 
Women's Singing Union of the German 
Lyceum Clubs ; composer of a violin 
sonata, a violin concerto, a 'cello bal- 
lade and a serenade for orchestra. 

KWAST, James (1852- ) : b. 
Nijkerk, Holland; studied at Leipzig 
Conservatory under Richter and Rei- 
necke at government expense, also in 
Berlin and Brussels ; became teacher in 
the Cologne Conservatory, 1874; became 
teacher of piano in the Hoch Conserva- 
tory at Frankfort, 1883-1903; then 
teacher in the Stern Conservatory. His 
works include a trio, an overture, a 
piano concerto in F major, etc. 

KYASHT, Liydla: contemp. Russian 
dancer. Ref.: 185, 188. 



277 



Lalbarre 

IjABARRE (1) Michel de (ca. 1675- 
1743[4?]): b. Paris; composer of 2 op- 
eras to texts by La Motte (Le triomphe 
des oris, 1700, and La Vinitienne, 1705), 
also pieces for flute and continuo, for 
2 flutes, and trios for flute, violin and 
oboe. (2) Tbeodore (1805-1870): b. 
Paris, d. there; studied with Bochsa, 
Nadermann, Dourlen, FMls, Boieldieu; 
harp virtuoso; lived in London and 
Paris, "where he conducted the Op6ra 
Comlque and was chef of private music 
at the Napoleonic court; professor of 
the harp at the Conservatoire. He com- 
posed 4 operas and 5 ballets and wrote 
a Mithode complete pour la harpe. 

I/ABBY, Marcel (1875- ) : b. De- 
partment of Besinet, France; after com- 
pleting law studies In Paris, turned to 
composition, studying with d'lndy. He 
became a member of the Sociite na- 
tionale de musique and composed sona- 
tas for violin and for piano, suites 
for violin and viola, a symphony, or- 
chestral fantasy, and part-songs. 

LABITZKY (1) Joseph (1802-1881): 
b. Schonfeld; d. Carlsbad; court violinist 
at Marienbad and Carlsbad; composed 
popular dance music, which he Intro- 
duced in St. Petersburg and London on 
his concert tours with the orchestra 
which he founded and led. (2) An- 
snst (1832-1903) : b. Petschau, d. Rel- 
chenhall; son of Joseph (1); studied 
at Prague Cons, and with Hauptmann 
and David In Leipzig; leader of the 
orchestra founded by his father. 

liABIiACHE, Luigl (1791-1858) : b. 
Naples, d. there; opera singer; trained 
by Valesl at the Cons, delta Pleta de' 
Turchlnl; debut as a basso bufl'o at 
San Carlino Theatre (1812) ; subse- 
quently sang in Milan, Venice, "Vienna, 
Paris, St. Petersburg, and London. His 
Leporello, in Don Giovanni, was con- 
sidered the greatest ever heard. His 
range was from E-flat to E'-flat. He 
"wrote a Mdthode de chant. Ref.: II. 
185, 193; VII. 254; IX. 152; portrait, 
V. 98. 

LABOR, Josef (1842- ) : b. Horo- 
"witz; studied In Vienna at the Insti- 
tute for the Blind and the Conserva- 
tory; concert pianist in Brussels, Lou- 
don, Leipzig, Paris, St. Petersburg, Mos- 
cow; pianist and chamber musician at 
the Hanover court; In 1875 turned to 
the organ, on which he became a vir- 
tuoso. Except for a violin sonata, trios, 
quintets, etc., some vocal church mu- 



liachnith 

sic and an organ fantasy, he wrote 
for the pianoforte. 

LABORDE (1) Jean Benjamin de 
(1734-1794) : studied with Dauvergne 
and Rameau; writer of several comic 
operas and chansons; author of the 
Important Essay sur la musique an- 
cienne et moderne (4 vols., 1780), also 
Memotres historiques sur Raoul de 
Coucy (1781). He was chamber musi- 
cian to Louis XV and was guillotined in 
Paris during the Revolution. Ret.: VII. 
108, footnote. (2) Jean Baptiste (18th 
cent.) : author of Le clavecin electrique 
(1761), a remarkable plan for a me- 
chanical Instrument; also Mimoire sur 
les proportions musicales. etc. (1781). 
(3) (correct name Bediez), Rosine 
(1824-1907): b. Paris, d. Chezy-sur- 
Marne; studied at the Conservatoire; 
operatic soprano In Paris and America; 
sang before her marriage under the 
name of Rosalie Villaume. Her hus- 
band (correct name Dur, stage name 
Laborde) was an operatic tenor. She 
abandoned the stage to become a teacher 
In 1866. 

I/ACHMUND, Carl V. (1854- ): 
b. Booneville, Missouri; studied with 
Heller, Jensen, Seiss and Liszt; teacher, 
conductor and composer in New York. 
His compositions Include an overture 
performed by the Thomas and the Seidl 
orchestras, a trio, etc. 

liACHNER, Franz (1803-1890): b. 
Rain, Upper Bavaria; d. Munich; com- 
poser; studied under Eisenhofer at 
Neuberg-on-Danube, Ett in Munich, and 
Stadler, Sechter and Welgl In Vienna; 
friend of Schubert and Beethoven; be- 
came Kapellmeister at the Karnthner- 
thor Theatre, Vienna (1826) ; established 
the Vienna Philharmonic Concerts; Ka- 
pellmeister at Mannheim (1834-1836) ; 
court Kapellmeister at Munich (1836- 
1868) and general musical director there 
(1852-1868) ; composed eight orchestral 
suites, eight symphonies, four operas, 
two oratorios, a Requiem, masses, mo- 
tets, psalms, songs, overtures, organ 
music, chamber music, etc. Ref.: III. 
8ff; VI. 150; VIII. 249f, 341; portrait, 
VIII. 250. 

liACHNITH, r.nd"fTls "Wenzel (1746- 
1820) : b. Prague, d. Paris ; studied with 
Rodolphe and Philidor In Paris; com- 
posed for the horn, on which he was 
a distinguished performer; collaborated 
with L. Adam In the production of a 
method for pianoforte fingering; wrote 



278 



Lack 

the Parisian version of Mozart's Zan- 
berflote, under the title of Les mas- 
Ures d'Isis. 

liACK, Theodore (1846- ); b. 
Qulmper, France; studied at the Con- 
servatoire; Parisian teacher; oiBcier 
de I'Academie; composed salon pieces 
for pianoforte. 

LACKOWITZ, ^Valter (1837- ): 
b. Trebbin, near Berlin; studied with 
Erk, Kullak and Dehn; school teacher 
and botanist; became editor of the 
Deutsche Muslkerzeitung ; pub. Beriihmte 
Menschen (1872; 2nd ed. as Musika- 
Itsche Skizzenbldtter, 1876), an Opern- 
fiihrer (6th ed., 1899), and Operetten- 
fuhrer (1897). 

LiACOMBE (1) I/ouls Tronlllon 
(1818-1884) : b. Bourges, d. St. Vaast- 
la-Hogue; studied with Zimmermann 
at the Conservatoire; then toured as 
pianist until reaching Vienna, where 
he returned to study with Czerny, 
Sechter and Seyfried. He composed 
dramatic symphonies, chamber music 
(piano quintet and trios), choruses 
a cappella and with organ, and other 
music; also 3 comic operas, a grand 
opera, and a melodrame, Sapho (1878). 
In 1896 appeared his book, Philosophie 
et musique. He married twice, the sec- 
ond wife being the singer, Andrfie Favel 
(q.v.). (2) Paul (1837- ) : b. Car- 
cassonne; studied at the Conservatoire; 
composed violin sonatas, suites, sym- 
phonic and dramatic overtures, songs, 
etc. (100 works printed, others in MS.) ; 
recipient of the Prix Chartier for cham- 
ber music. Ref. ; VII. 342. 

LACOME: [D'ESTALEUX], Panl- 
Jean-Jacqnes (1838- ) : b. Houga, 
Gers ; studied at home ; composer and 
musical critic in Paris, where he has 
produced operettas ; also wrote: music 
for wind instruments, organ and pi- 
ano; has been active as a critic. 

liACY (1) John (late 18th cent.-ca. 
1865) : d. Devonshire; studied with 
Rauzzini and in Italy; excellent con- 
cert and oratorio bass; sang in Eng- 
land and 1818-1826 in Calcutta. (2) 
Mrs. Bianchl (nie Jackson), (1776- 
1858) : b. London, d. Ealing; widow of 
the composer Bianchl, and wife of John 
Lacy; concert soprano of distinction in 
England. (3) Michael Rophino (1795- 
1867): b. Bilboa, d. Pentonville; stud- 
died in Bordeaux and Paris; violinist 
in Paris, Holland, London, Dujjlin; con- 
ductor in London and Liverpool; wrote 
adaptations of popular operas for the 
English stage. 

LAD A (stage -name of Emily 
Schnpp): contemporary American in- 
terpretive dancer; studied Berlin, Mu- 
nich and Russia; exponent of cho- 
reographic symbolism. Ref.: X. 244, 
253fl. 

liADEGAST, Frledrich (1818-1905): 
b. Hermsdorf, near Geringswalde ; d. 
Weissenfels; builder of famous organs, 
among them that of the Merseburg Ca- 
thedral, and of St. Nicholas' Church, 

279 



li'AflUard 

Leipzig. His brother Chrlstlleb had a 
manufactory at Geringswalde, and there 
Friedrich received his first training; 
his son Oskar, b. 1858, succeeded to 
his business and built more than 200 
organs. 

IjADMIBATJIiT, Paul Emil (1877-) : 
b. Nantes; was an Infant prodigy; 
studied at the conservatories of Nantes 
and Paris; became a committee member 
of the Society nationale de musique; 
wrote a dramatic legend, Myrdhin (pub. 
1908), orchestral fragments of which, 
together with the Chaeurs des dmes de 
la foret (with orch., 1903), first made 
his name known. He also "wrote a 
symphony in C, a fantasy for piano 
and violin, choruses, music for piano 
and songs, etc. Ref.: III. 363. 

IiADR£, French Revolutionary fid- 
dler, adapted the tune of Ca ira. Ref.: 
V. 181. ^ 

liADUCHIN, Xlkolal MIchalloTltch 
(1860- ) : b. St. Petersburg; studied 
at Moscow Conservatory; composed 
children's songs, symphonic variations 
for orch., the 'Liturgy of John Sla- 
toust,' a vocal quartet, etc. 

liADUNKA, Nanm Ivanovitch (1730- 
1782) : d. St. Petersburg; imperial cup- 
bearer and composer of a large num- 
ber of unimportant orchestral works 
and songs. 

liADTJRlVER, Ignaz Anton Franz 
Xaver (1766-1839): b. Aldein, Tyrol; 
d. Massy; son of an organist; raised 
In a Benedictine monastery, where he 
succeeded his father as organist; went 
to Paris, 1788, where he made an ex- 
cellent record as pianist and teacher, 
Auber being one of his pupils. His 
works include 12 piano and 9 violin 
sonatas, divertissements, variations, 
etc., and he had two operas produced 
at the Op^ra-Comique. 

I/APAGE, Juste Adrien Ijcnoir de 
(1801-1862) : b. Paris, d. Charenton, 
near Paris; noteworthy writer on mu- 
sic; studied with Perne and Choron; 
went to Italy with government scholar- 
ship, 1828-29, where he studied with 
Baini; on his return was appointed 
musical director in the church of St. 
fitienne du Mont; returned to Italy, 
1833, where he began his writings by 
completing a work which had been 
outlined by his old teacher, Choron, 
Manuel complet de musique vacate et 
instrumentale (1836-38) ; travelled for 
investigation through Germany, Italy, 
Spain and England. His chief work, 
after the Matiuel, is Semiiologie must- 
cale (a text-book on Choron's princi- 
ples, 1837), which was followed by 
many other writings. 

LAFFERT, Oskar (1850-1889): b. 
Breslau, d. Dresden; piano manufac- 
turer and music dealer at Carlsruhe; 
director of the Apollo pianoforte firm 
in Dresden; writer on musical sub- 

L'APFILARD, Michel (late 17th- 
early 18th cent.) : tenor in the chapel 



IJafont 

of Louis XrV; author of a book on 
sight-singing. 

liAPONT, Charles Philippe (1781- 

1839): b. Paris, d. there; pupil of 
Berthaurae, and of Kreutzer, Rode, Ber- 
ton; virtuoso on violin; infant prodigy; 
chamber virtuoso in St. Petersburg and 
Paris; composed violin concertos, or- 
chestral variations, songs, music for 
string instruments, and 2 operas, pro- 
duced in St. Petersburg and Paris. 
Ref.: VII. 431. 

LA FORGE, Frank (1877- ) : b. 
Rockford, 111. ; studied music in Chi- 
cago, also "with Leschetizky and Labor; 
accompanist to Mmes. Gadski, Sem- 
brich, etc.; teacher of singing; com- 
poser of songs and piano pieces. Ref.: 
rV. 354f. 

LAGBRIiOF, Selma, Swedish au- 
thor. Ref.: IIL 77. 

LAGKNER, Daniel (early 17th 
cent.): b. Marburg, Styria; organist at 
Losdorf; composed motets, songs and 
a 6-part funeral chant. 

LAGOANfiRE, Oscar de (1853- ) : 
b. Bordeaux; operatic composer in 
Paris, where he has produced 10 operas 
and operettas, 

liA HARPE, Jean Francois de 
(1739-1803) : b. Paris, d. there; poet, 
critic and writer of polemics against 
Gluck in the Journal de politique et 
de littirature. Ref.: IL 35. 
..LAHEB (1) Henry (1826- ): b. 

Chelsea; studied with Bennett, Goss and 
Potter; organist in Brompton; com- 
posed glees, madrigals, cantatas and 
other distinctly English music. His 
cantatas, 'The Building of the Ship' 
and 'The Sleeping Beauty,' more espe- 
cially enjoy an International reputation. 
(2) Henry Charles (1856- ) : b. 
London; son of (1); studied in Eng- 
land; became secretary of the New 
England Cons., Boston (1891-99), and 
estab. a musical agency there; pub. 
'Famous Singers of Yesterday and To- 
day' (1899) ; 'Famous Pianists . . .' 
(1900) ; 'Grand Opera in America' 
(1901) ; 'The Organ and Its Masters' 
(1902) ; 'Grand Opera Singers of To- 
day' (1912), and contributed to mu- 
sical and other periodicals. 

LAHIRE, Philippe de (1640-1719) : 
b. Paris, d. there; University professor 
of mathematics; author of Experiences 
sur le son and Explications des dif- 
ferences de sons de la corde tendue 
sur la trompette marine. 

LAHOUSSAYE, Pierre (18th cent.) : 
French violinist; proteg6 and pupil of 
Pagin; became one of the original pro- 
fessors of the Conservatoire; consid- 
ered one of the finest of French vio- 
linists. Ref.: VII. 408. 

I/AIDLAW, Anna Rohena (1819- 
1901): b. Bretton, d. London; studied 
with Herz; a pianist of distinction; 
one of the Schumann fantasies was 
dedicated to her. In 1852, after her 
marriage to a Mr. Thomson, she re- 
tired. 



Lalo 

liAJARTE, Theodore Edonard Dn- 
faure de (1826-1890) : b. Bordeaux, d. 
Paris; studied with Lebome at the 
Conservatoire ; wrote military band mu- 
sic and produced in Paris several minor 
operas and operettas; music critic and 
librarian of the archives of the Op^ra ; 
author of Bibliotheque musicale da 
theatre de I'Opera, a grammar and an 
encyclopedia of music, also a book on 
the Sax instruments, and Curiositis de 
VOpera. 

liAJEUNESSE, M. See Albani. 

liAIiAlVDE (1) Michel Richard de 
(1657-1726) : b. Paris, d. there; court 
superintendent of music for forty-five 
years; organist and composer of mo- 
tets for voice and orchestra, published 
in 10 vols, at the King's expense. He 
is one of the best French musicians 
of his time. He wrote also ballets and 
dramatic cantatas, possibly operas. 
(2) (Merlc-Ii.) Henrietta Clementine 
(1798-1867): b. Dunkirk, d. Paris; 
studied with Garcia, Bonflchi, Ban- 
derali; operatic soprano in Italy, Vi- 
enna, Paris, Spain; her husband was 
the famous horn virtuoso M^ric. (3) 
DSslre (1867-1904) : b. Paris, d. Lon- 
don; performer on oboe and English 
horn in English orchestras. 

I.AL,EVICZ, Georg von (1876- ) : 
b. Suwalki, Poland; studied law and 
music at St. Petersburg; professor of 
piano at Odessa and Cracow Cons.; 
since 1912 at the Vienna Academy; 
published small pieces for the piano. 

LALO (1) ^donard-Vletor-Antoine 
(1823-1892): b. Lille, d. Paris; studied 
at the Lille succursale of the Paris 
Cons., then with Habeneck, Schulhoff 
and Crfevecceur at the Paris Cons.; be- 
came viola player in chamber music 
soirees, and began his creative career 
with chamber music. His compositions 
include 3 operas, of which the first, 
Fiesque, though accepted by the Paris 
and Brussels operas, was not per- 
formed, the second, Le Rois d'Ys (the 
overture of which was played in 1870), 
was prod. 1888, and the third. La 
Jacquerie, was left unfinished (finished 
by Arthur Coquard and prod. 1895) ; 
also a ballet (orch. suite), Namouna; 
a pantomime, Niron (1891, not pre- 
served) ; 4 violin concertos (op. 20, 
dedicated to Sarasate; op. 21, Sym- 
phonie espagnole; Fantaisie Norve- 
gienne; Concerto Russe), a Norwegian 
Rhapsody, a divertissement for orch., 
a symphony in G min., an orch. 
scherzo, an Aubade for small orch., 
a string quartet, 3 piano trios, a 'cello 
sonata, a violin sonata, other pieces for 
piano and violin and piano and 'cello 
(Soirees parisiennes, etc.), 4-hand pi- 
ano pieces and vocal works with 
piano (Chant breton, with oboe, op. 
31), sacred vocal pieces, 2 duets, etc. 
Ref.: III. viii, xiii, xviii, 24, 33£f, 279, 
280f, 287f; VIL 451, 461f; VIH. 334f; 
IX. 447; mus. ex., XIV. 7; portrait, 
in. 30. (2) Charles (1877- ): b. 



280 



Laloy 

P^rlgueux; Ph.D., Paris, and teacher 
at the Bayonne University; author of 
L'esthitique experimentelle contempo- 
raine (1908), Esquisse d'nne esthitique 
musicale scientiflque (1908) and simi- 
lar "works. 

LALOY, roals (1874- ) : b. Grey, 
Haute-Saone; studied at the Schola 
CantoTum, 1899-1905; lectured on mu- 
sic at the Paris University, 1906-07; 
since 1901 on the staff of the Revue 
musicale; founded, with I. Marnold, the 
Mercure musical^ 1905 ; also musical 
critic for the Revue de Paris, Grande 
Revue, Mercure de France and the Ga- 
zette des Beaux Arts. Among his works 
are Les anciennes Gammes enhar- 
montques (1899) ; Aristoxine de Tarent 
et la musique de I'antiquite (1904), 
Rcuneau (1907) ; Claude Debussy (1909) ; 
La musique Chinoise; has in prepara- 
tion a biography of Chopin, etc., and a 
volume of transcriptions of Chinese 
K'in compositions; presided at the In- 
ternational Congress of Musical Socie- 
ties, Basel, 1907. 

liA MARA. See Lipsius, Marie. 

1.AMARTINE, French poet. Be/.: 
v. 260; VII. 318. 

L.AMBARDI (1) Glrolamo (early 
17th cent.) : wrote vesper psalms with 
double bass. (2) Camlllo (early 17th 
cent.) ; Neapolitan conductor, and com- 
poser of responses and madrigals. 
(3) Francesco (early 17th cent.) : Nea- 
politan church organist; composed vil- 
lanelles, arias apd dialogues. 

I.AMBERT (1) michel (1610-1696): 
b. Vivonne, Poitou; d. Paris; famous 
singing teacher; step-father of Lully; 
became chamber-music master of Louis 
XIV, 1650. Among his works are Airs 
et brunettes (1666), etc. (2) Johann 
HelnTlcb (1728-1777) : b. Miihlhausen, 
d. Berlin; author of numerous works 
on acoustics; Sur quelques instruments 
acoustiques (1763), etc. (3) liucien 
(1861- ) : raised in Brazil, later 
studied with Barbereau, Dubois and 
Massenet in Paris; awarded the Ros- 
sini prize for a cantata, 1883. Among 
his works are the dramatic legend Sir 
Olaf (Lille, 1887; Paris, 1888); the op- 
eras La Marseillaise (Paris, 1900), Pen- 
ticosa (1908), etc. (4) maTlns; com- 
poser for the Op^ra-Clomique, in Paris, 
among his works being L'amour blanc 
(1898), Le cadet de Navarre (1906), etc. 
(5) Alexander (1862- ): b. War- 
saw; pianist; pupil of Epstein, Urban 
and Liszt; went to New York, 1881 
and 1884; settled there as teacher, and 
became director of the New York Col- 
lege of Music in 1888. (6) Frank: 
contemp. English song writer. Ref.: 
III. 443. 

LAMBERTIIVI, Luis Joaanim (1790- 
1864) : b. Bologna, d. Lisbon, where 
he founded a piano factory (still 
flourishing) in 1836. 

LAMBILLOTTE, Pere L.onis (1797- 
1855): b. Charleroi, Hainault; d. Vau- 
girard; composer and theorist; mem- 



Lampadarlos 

ber of Society of Jesus; composed sa- 
cred music (including a mass in the 
Lydian church mode), organ works, 
fugues, etc.; author of Antiphonaire 
de saint Gregoire, facsimile du manu- 
scrit de Saint Gall (1851), Quelques 
mots sur la restauration du chant litur- 
gigue (1855), Esthitique, Theorie et 
Pratique du chant gregorien (1855). 
Ref.: VL 467. 

LAMBORD, Benjamin (1879-1915) : 
b. Portland, Me.; d. Hopatcong, N. J. ; , 
composer; studied with MacDowell at 
Columbia Univ. (where he received 
the Mosenthal fellowship in composi- 
tion) and Paul Vidal in Paris; organ- 
ist in Portland (Me.), Kye (N. Y.) and 
New York; founder (1912) and con- 
ductor of the Modern Music Society of 
New York; composed songs (some with 
orchestra), overture, ballet scene for 
orch., choruses (with orch.), a trio, 
piano pieces, church music; also an 
unfinished opera, "Woodstock'; con- 
tributing editor to 'The Art of Music' 
Ref.: TV. 420ff; mus. ex., XIV. 318. 

liAMElVNAIS, Abbe. Ref.: II. 247. 

liAMOND, Frederick (1868- ) : b. 
Glasgow; organist at Laurieston; stud- 
ied violin with C. Cooper and H. Heer- 
mann, and piano with Schwarz in 
Frankfort, also with von Biilow and 
Liszt; pianist noted for his interpre- 
tation of Beethoven's later works; com- 
poser of a symphony, an overture 'From 
the Scotch Highlands,' a trio, 'cello so- 
nata, piano pieces, etc. He also ap- 
peared as conductor, and directed a 
master course at the Sondershausen 
Conservatory. 

liAMOUREtJX, Charles (1834-1899) : 
b. Bordeaux, d. Paris; conductor; stud- 
ied with Girard, Tolbecque, Leborne 
and Chauvet; founded (with Colonne, 
Adam, and Rignault) a society for 
chamber-music; organized a Society de 
musique sacree (1872) ; cond. the Boiel- 
dieu Jubilee Concert at Rouen in 1875; 
asst.-cond. to Deldevez at the Op^ra 
(1876), succeeding him as first con- 
ductor (1878); 1872-78 was also assist- 
ant-conductor of the Cons. Concerts; 
resigned from the Op^ra in 1881, and 
established the 'Concerts Lamoureux' 
(Nouveaux Concerts), conducted since 
1897 by his son-in-law, Camille Chevll- 
lard. Ref.: II. 439; m. 285; portrait, 
Vm. 488. 

L.AMPADARIOS (1) Johannes 
(14th cent.) : Byzantine church composer 
and musical theoretician, chapel singer 
in Constantinople and author of a work 
on (Ireek church music, preserved in 
Vienna. (2) Petros (Peloponnesios) 
(1730-1777): b. Tripolizza, Morea; 
Greek church composer who intro- 
duced elements of Turco-Arabic mu- 
sic and was made responsible for the 
total decline of the knowledge of By- 
zantine notation. His pupil, Petros 
Byzantlos, was the teacher of Chry- 
santhus of Madytos, the creator of the 
modern Greek liturgical notation, in 



281 



Lampadias 

which an edition of the Triodion of 
Petros L. was pub. by one of his de- 
scendants, Gregorios L., in Paris (vol. 
I only, 1821). 

liAMPADIUS (1) Auctor (1500- 
1559) : b. Brunswick, d. Halberstadt; 
probably choir director at Goslar; choir 
director of the Johannisschule, Lilne- 
burg, 1532; assistant pastor of the Mar- 
tlnikirche, Halberstadt, 1541. He pub. 
a Compendium musicee (1537). (2) 
Wllhelm Adolf (1812-1892) : d. Leip- 
zig; Lutheran pastor; author of Felix 
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy ein Denkmal 
fiiT seine Freunde, and essays on musi- 
cal subjects. Ref.: (quoted) VI. 270. 

LAMPE, -Walther (1872- ) : b. 
Leipzig; pupil of I. Knorr, Herzogen- 
berg and Humperdinck; composer of 
piano pieces, trio, serenade for "wind. 
Tragic Tone Poem for orch., etc.; resi- 
dent in Munich and Weimar. 

LAMPERTI (1) Francesco (1813- 
1892): b. Savona, d. Como; famous 
singing teacher; studied in the Milan 
Conservatory; became musical director 
at the Teatro Fllodrammatico, at Lodi; 
singing teacher in the Milan Conserva- 
tory, 1850-75, after which he taught 
privately. Among his pupils are Mmes. 
La Grange, Albani, Sembrich and others. 
(2) Giovanni Battista (1829-1910): d. 
Berlin; son of (1); vocal teacher, many 
years in Dresden, then Berlin; taught 
Marcella Sembrich, Schumann-Heink, 
etc.; wrote Die Technik des Bel Canto 
(1905)., (3) Giuseppe (1834-1898): d. 
Rome; son of (1) ; was director of La 
Scala in Milan, then of the Apollo 
theatre in Rome, and finally of the 
Carlo theatre at Naples. He was the 
author of Sulla legge dei diritti d'au- 
tore (1898). 

liAMPUGJfANI, Giovanni Battista 
(1706-ca.l780) : b. Milan, d. there; 
teacher and dramatic composer; wrote 
about 15 operas for Milan, Venice, Lon- 
don, etc. He succeeded Galuppi as con- 
ductor of the Italian Opera, London, in 
1743, and was maestro al cembalo at 
La Scala, Milan, in 1779. Ref.: IX. 
47, 84. 

LANCIA, Florence (1840-1905) : d. 
Tunbridge Wells; singer in concert and 
opera. 

liAlVDI, Steflano (ca. 1590-ca. 1655) : 
d. Rome; chapel-master at Padua, later 
Papal chapel singer in Rome; one of 
the most important composers of the 
early 17th cent.; one of the creators 
of the cantata and the first of the 
Roman school of opera composers. He 
pub. 5-part madrigals (1619) ; Poesie 
diverse in musica (1628) : Missa in 
benedictione nuptiariun (1628) ; 5 books 
of arias, 4-part psalms, and 4- to 5-part 
masses a cappella; also Sant' Alessio, 
music drama (1634), and La morte 
d'Orfeo, a pastoral opera (1619). Ref.: 
I. 379, 385f; IX. 22. 

liANDIjVO, Francesco (called Fran- 
cesco degli organi, and Francesco cieco 
[the blind] ) : b. Florence, d. there ; 



Lang 

famous in his time as organist. He 
is historically important as ont of the 
representatives of the Florentine ars 
nova, having (ca. 1325-1390) composed 
solo canzoni with instr. accompaniment, 
also caccias, ballatas and madrigals, 
nearly 3 centuries before the supposed 
invention of monody. Ref.: I. 263f; 
VL 415, 427; mus. ex., XHL 12. 

liANDOLFI, Carlo Ferdinando 
(middle 18th cent.) : famous violin 
maker at Milan, in the employ of (liu- 
seppe Guarneri. 

L.AIVDORMY, Panl Charles Ren6 
(1869- ) : b. Issy les Molineaux, 
near Paris; studied singing with 
Sbriglia and Pol Planfon; contributed 
an acoustical laboratory to the ^cole 
des hautes ftudes sociales, where he 
has been employed for several years; 
contributor of essays on musical his- 
tory, etc., to musical and other jour- 
nals; author of the biography of 
Brahms in Chantavoine's Les maltres 
de la uiusique; composer of songs. 

tANDOWSKA, Wanda (1877- ) : 
b. Warsaw; studied in the Warsaw 
Conservatory and with H. Urban in 
Berlin; teacher in the Schola cantorum, 
Paris, since 1900; pianist; has made 
many concert tours since 1906; com- 
posed much piano and orchestral mu- 
sic and wrote Bach et ses inierpretes 
(1906) and La musique ancienne (Paris, 
1908). 

liANDRY, BngSne: contemporary 
French author; wrote La theorie du 
Rythme et le Rgthme du FranQais 
diclami (Paris, 1911). 

LANG (1) (Lang-KOstlin), Jo- 
sephine (1815-1880) : b. Munich, d. 
Tubingen; daughter and pupil of Re- 
gina Hitzelberger-Lang (q.v.), also pu- 
pil of Fran Berlinghof-Wagner, and in 
theory of Mendelssohn, who esteemed 
her highly as composer. She wrote a 
number of songs and piano pieces 
(some published, others MS.). She 
taught in Munich (before her marriage 
to Prof. C. R. Kostlin and after his 
death in 1856). (2) Benjamin John- 
son (1837- ): b. Salem, Mass.; pu- 
pil of his father, of Gustav Salter in 
piano, also of Liszt; studied compo- 
sition in Berlin. He was organist at 
various Boston churches, of the Han- 
del and Haydn Society, 25 years, and 
succeeded Zerrahn as Its conductor, also 
conducting the Apollo Club and the 
Cecilia Society. For a long period he 
was influential in Boston as pianist, 
teacher, conductor, and organizer. He 
composed the oratorio 'David' ; sym- 
phonies and overtures, much chamber 
music, piano pieces, songs, also church 
music. Ref.: VI. 497. (3) Margaret 
Rnthven (1867- ): b. Boston; 
daughter and pupil of (2), also violin 
pupil of Schmidt (Boston), Drechsler 
and Abel (Munich) ; stud, composition 
with Gluth (Munich). She composed 
overtures, etc., also many songs. Ref.: 
IV. 343; mus. ex., XTV. 260. (4) Henrys 



282 



liangdon 

contexnp. American composer of cham- 
ber music, etc.; resident in Phila- 
delphia. Ref.: IV. 400. 

LANGDOIV (1) Richard ([?]-1803): 
d. Armagh; Mus. Bac. Oxon., 1761; 
organist at Exeter, then at Bristol, 
finally at Armagh. His works include 
a collection, 'Divine Harmony' (1774), 
also 12 glees, 2 vols, of songs, various 
psalms and anthems, etc. (2) ■William 
Chauncey: contemporary American 
■writer of pageants. Ref.: TV. 226flf; 
VI. 381. 

liANGE (1) Hleronymns Gregor 
([?]-1587): b. Havelberg, d. Breslau; 
cantor in Frankfort, 1574; pub. Can- 
tiones 5-6 v. (1580), Newe deudsche 
Lieder 3 v. (1584, 1586), and several 
'occasional' compositions; also wrote 78 
Latin and 69 German vocal pieces (pre- 
served in MS.). (2) Joachlin (latter 
part of 16th cent.): b. Prussian Eylau; 
became a musician in the service of the 
Countess Havata, in Chlum, Bohemia; 
pub. Weltliche Liedlein (Prague, 1606). 

(3) Otto (1815-1879): b. Graudenz, d. 
Cassel ; musical reviewer of the Yos- 
sische Zeitung; became editor of tlie 
Nene Berliner Musikzeitung, 1846-58; 
was also school singing teacher. L. was 
the author of several musico-pedagogi- 
cal books, among them Die Musik als 
Unterrtchtsgegenstand in Schulen (1841). 

(4) Gnstav (1830-1889) : d. Wer- 
nigerode; composer of a large variety 
of piano music. (5) Konrad von 
(1855- ): b. Gottingen; professor of 
art psychology ( Kunstwissenschaft) at 
Tubingen since 1905. Author of Die 
bewusste Selbsttduschnng (1895) : Das 
Wesen der kilnstlerischen Erziehung 
(1902), etc. (6) Samuel de L.. and 
Daniel de L. See De Lamge. 

LAlVGEi-Mttl/I/ER, Peter Brasmns 
(1850- ): b. Frederiksberg, Denmark; 
composer; first studied law; music with 
G. Matthisson-Hanssen and at the Co- 
penhagen Cons, with Neupert (piano). 
He pub. several sets of songs, includ- 
ing Russian, Danish, Norwegian and 
French, the first being five songs from 
'Sulamith and Salomon' (1874) ; also 
piano pieces, men's choruses (includ- 
ing Niels Ebbesen, with orch.) ; also 
music for Drachmann's fairy comedy, 
Es war einmal, and other plays; 4 op- 
eras (Tove, 1878, etc), 2 orchestral 
suites, 2 symphonies, etc. ; a trio, piano 
and violin romanza, etc.; mostly of 
characteristic Norse color. Ref.: III. 
73, 75; X. 205. 

I^AXGER (1) Hermann (1819-1889) :b. 
Hockendorf, near Tharandt, d. Dresden; 
studied at Leipzig, where he became 
musical director of the University, 
1843; leader of many singing societies, 
including the Paulus of the University; 
became an inspector of organ-building 
in Dresden, 1887. He has pub. Reper- 
torium filr den Mdnnergesang ; Der 
erste Vnterricht im Gesang (1876-77). 
(2) Gnstav: was a chorus director in 
Hanover, 1856, and chorus-master of 



Langl^ 

the Court Opera, Berlin, 1867-72. (3) 
Bdnard (1835- ): b. Moscow; stud- 
ied under Richter and Hauptmann in 
the Leipzig Conservatory; on his re- 
turn was organist of the Lutheran 
Church in Moscow; teacher there since 
1866. Among his works are a quartet, 
a trio, 2 sonatas for violin and many 
pieces for piano, 4 and 8 hands. (4) 
Ferdinand (1839-1905) : b. Leimen, 
near Heidelberg; composer; 'cellist; sec- 
ond Kapellmeister of the Mannheim 
court theatre; has produced the operas 
Die gefdhrliche Nachbarschaft (1868), 
Dornroschen (1873), Aschenbrodel 
(1878), Murillo (1887), and the roman- 
tic folk-opera, Der Pfeifer von Haardt 
(1894), all at Mannheim. Ref.: IX. 191. 

liANGERT, Johann August (1836-) : 
b. Coburg; theatre conductor at Co- 
burg, Mannheim, Basel and Treves; 
teacher in Coburg, Paris and Berlin, 
and at the Geneva Cons., 1872; court 
Kapellmeister at Gotha, 1873; com- 
poser of the operas Die Jungfrau von 
Orleans (1861), Des Sangers Fluch 
(1863), Die Fabier (1866), Dornroschen 
(1871), Jean Cavalier (1880). 

LANGEY, Otto (1851- ) : b. Leich- 
holz, near Frankfort; 'cellist; studied 
with Specht at Sorau, Ullrich in Halle, 
Cabisius in Bremen and W. Fritze in 
Liegnitz; member of orchestras in 
London; conductor there; also pub. 
light orchestral pieces ; went to America, 
1889, and became teacher in New York. 
He pub. a number of individual meth- 
ods for orchestral instruments which 
came into general use (Langey-Tutors). 

LAPfGHANS, Friedrlcli Wilhelm 
(1832-1892): b. Hamburg, d. Berlin; 
composer and author, studied under 
David and Richter at Leipzig Cons, 
and under Alard in Paris; concert- 
master at Dusseldorf (1857-1860) ; 
studied and taught in Hamburg, Paris, 
Heidelberg and Berlin; composed a con- 
cert allegro for violin and orchestra, a 
violin sonata, studies for violin, etc.; 
author of Dos musikalische tJrtheil 
(1872; 1886), Die konigliche Hochschule 
fiXr Musik in Berlin (1873), Musikge- 
sehichte in i2 Vortragen (1878), Die 
Geschichte der Musik des 11., 18. and 
19. Jahrhanderts (2 vols., 1882-1886), a 
continuation of Ainbros's work. Ref.: 
(quoted) 228, 229. 

IjANGli^, Honors Francois Marie 
(1741-1807) : b. Monaco, d. Villiers le 
Bel, near Paris; studied with Cafaro at 
the Conservatorio della Pieti, at Na- 
ples; became musical director at Genoa; 
went to Paris, 1768, where he became 
known on account of a work on sing- 
ing, on the strength of which he was 
appointed singing teacher at the icole 
royale de chant et de declamation, until 
it was merged with the Conservatoire, 
1791, when he became librarian. His 
compositions, operas and cantatas, are 
less remarkable than his theoretical 
works, including Traiti de la fugue 
(1805), etc. 



283 



Ijangshaw 

L,ANGSHAW (1) J. (d. 1798): Eng- 
lish organist. (2) J. (b. 1763) : b. Lon- 
don; son of (1), and, like his father, 
an organist. 

IiANI£:REi (Lanier, lianlerl), IVicolo 
(Nicliolas) (ca. 1588-1665 or 1668): b. 
Italy (?), d. London; composer; first to 
introduce the recitative style into Eng- 
land; Master of the King's Musick un- 
der Charles I and II; composed a Pas- 
toral on the birth of Prince Charles, a 
Funeral Hymn for Charles I, and nu- 
merous songs, etc., preserved in the 
British Museum (MS.), and in the col- 
lections, 'Select Musicall Ayres and 
Dialogues' (1653-59), 'The Musical Com- 
panion' (1667), 'The Treasury of Mu- 
stek' (1669), and 'Choice Ayres and 
Songs' (1685). fie/.: L 385; IX. 29; 
X. 84. 

liAlVKOW, Anna (1850-1908): b. 
Bonn, d. there; singer and teacher; 
studied at Cologne and at the Leipzig 
and Dresden conservatories, 1870-7; 
made concert tours with Julius Hof- 
mann, then was engaged at the court 
theatre at Weimar; Joined the New 
York Symphony Society, 1886; toured 
the United States; wrote, in collabora- 
tion with Theodore Wangemann, Die 
Wissenschaft des Kunstgesangs (l905). 

LANNSR (1) Joseph Franz Karl 
(1801-1843): b. "Vienna, d. Oberdobllng 
near Vienna; celebrated composer of 
dance music; was at first violinist in 
an amateur quartet (in which Joh. 
Strauss played the viola), for which he 
composed music, and which finally de- 
veloped into a full orchestra. It be- 
came inunensely popular, and L.'s 
waltzes, gallops, etc. (208 in all), be- 
came world-famous. He made concert 
tours throughout the Austrian provinces 
and made Vienna waltzes known inter- 
nationally. A collection of his pieces 
was published by Breitkopf & Hartel 
(1889). (2) Katty (19th cent.): Eng- 
lish dancer. Ref.: X. 159. 

I.ANNOY, Bdnard Freiherr von 
(1787-1853): b. Brussels, d. Vienna; 
studied in Paris, Brussels and Graz; 
one of the first conductors of the So- 
ciety of the Friends of Music, Vienna; 
member of the Cons, staff, 1830-35; 
conductor for some years of the Vienna 
Concerts spirituels ; composer of operas, 
melodramas, overtures, chamber music, 
piano pieces, songs, etc. 

LiANZETTI, Salvatore (ca. 1710-ca. 
1780): b. Naples, d. Turin, one of the 
earliest 'cello virtuosos, pub. 2 books 
of 'cello -sonatas with figured bass (Am- 
sterdam, 1736) ; also a 'Cello School. 
Ref.: Vn. 591. 

liAPARRA, RaonI (1876- ) ; b. 
Bordeaux; composer of operas, includ- 
ing Peau d'dne (Bordeaux, 1899) ; La 
Habanera (Paris, 1908) ; La Jota (Paris, 
1911). Ref.: III. 407; IX. 475. 

LAPICIDA, Srasmns (ca. 1500) : 
composer of motets, frottole, etc., print- 
ed by Petrucci (1503, 1507) in the 
Auszug guter alter nnd neuer deatscher 



284 



Ij'AiTonge 

Liedlein of Petrejus (1539), in G. 
Rhaw's Symphoniae iucundae (1538) 
and other collections. 

LAPORTE, Joseph de (1713-1799) : 
b. Befort, d. Paris; author of Alma- 
nack des spectacles de Paris, ou Calen- 
drier historique de I'Opera, des come- 
dies franfais et italienne et des foires 
(1750-94) ; etc. 

I,A POTJPLINISiRE (La Popell- 
ni^re), Alexandre Jean Joseph Le 
Riche de (ca. 1692-1762) : b. Paris, d. 
there; general tax commissioner, and 
musical patron. He gathered musi- 
cians and art-lovers in his house, con- 
taining a private theatre, and estab- 
lished concerts, which became impor- 
tant when Gossec directed them in 1751. 
On J. Stamitz's advice be introduced 
horns and clarinets (then not yet in 
use in the Paris orchestra) and later 
the harp. P. was himself a pupil of 
Rameau, who lived in his house for 
some years, and composed several ari- 
ettas, of which some were interpolated 
in Rameau's works. Ref.: II. 65 foot- 
note, 68; vn. 418; VIII. 169. 

LAPPI, Pletro (16th-17th cent.) : b. 
Florence ; musical director in the church 
at Brescia, 1601 ; composed a great deal 
of church music, including masses, 
psalms, hymns, concerti sacri, a book 
of Canzoni da sonar (1616), etc. 

liARA, Isldoro de (real name 
Cohen) (1858- ): b. London; com- 
poser of the operas La luce d'Asia 
(London, 1892) ; Amy Robsart (London, 
1893) ; Moina (Montecarlo, 1897) ; Mes- 
salina (1899) ; Le reveil de Bouddha 
(Ghent, 1904); Sanga (Nice, 1906); 
Solea (Cologne, 1907) ; Nail (Paris, 
1912) ; and Les trois masques (Mar- 
seilles, 1912; Diisseldorf, 1913). Ref.: 
rx. 477. 

1/ ARCHER, Pierre J.: Danish bal- 
let writer. Ref.: X. 163. 

LARIVfiE (18th cent.): Parisian 
tenor, sang Agamemnon in Gluck's 
Iphiginie en Aulide. Ref.: II. 33. 

IiAROCHE, Hermann Angnsto- 
vitch (1845-1904) : b. St. Petersburg, 
d. there; music critic; studied at the 
Imperial Conservatory with Zaremba 
and Rubinstein and also with Tschai- 
kowsky, his intimate friend. He be- 
came professor at Moscow Cons., 1867- 
70, at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, 
1872-79; returned to Moscow as pro- 
fessor of musical history; after 1890 
in St. Petersburg. His chief work Is 
'Glinka and his Significance in Rus- 
sian Music' (Moscow, 1868) ; also wrote 
a biography of Tschaikowsky (1900) 
and many critical reviews, which were 
published collectively (St. Petersburg, 
1894). 

L'ARRONGE, Adolf (1838-1908): b. 
Hamburg, d. Berlin; studied with R. 
Genee and at the Leipzig Cons., 1851-54 ; 
theatre Kapellmeister at Cologne, Dan- 
zig, Konigsberg, Wurzburg, Stuttgart, 
Pestb, etc.; director of the Kroll Opera 
in Berlin, 1866; director of Lobe Theater 



Ija Rue 

in Breslau, 1874-78; bought the Frled- 
rlch-Wilhelmstadtlsche Theater In Ber- 
lin, 1881, managing it as the Deutsche 
Theater till 1894. His works include 
many farces and folk-pieces, notably 
Das grosse Los (1868). His son 
Ricbard has been Kapellmeister at the 
Metz Stadttheater since 1912. 

IiA RUE, Pierre de (or Petras Pla- 
tensis, Pierchon, Pierson, Pierzon, 
Perisone» Pierazon de la Ruellien) 
(15th-lGth cent.) : Netherland contra- 
puntist, studied under Okeghem and 
Josquin; chapel-singer at the court of 
Burgundy, 1492-1510; prebendary at 
Courtrai from 1501; later at Namur; 
favorite of Margaret of Austria; his 
pub. works include motets, madrigals, 
a book of 5 masses, Beatae Virginis; 
Puer nobis est; Sexti toni; Ut Fa; 
L'homme arme; and Nunquam fait 
poena major (printed by Petrucci, 
1513) ; De sancto Antonio, in Petrucci's 
Missae diversorum auctomm; O Salu- 
taris hostia, in Liber quindecim niis~ 
sarum . . . (Rome, 1516) ; Cum jncundi- 
tate, O Gloriosa, and De Sancto Antonio, 
in Missae tredecim (Nuremberg, 1539) ; 
Tous les regrets, in Liber quindecim 
missarum (ib., 1538) ; also a mass in 
the 4th tone, in Petrucci's Missae An- 
tonii de Fevin (1515) ; and many others, 
in various collections, and in MS., in- 
cluding 2 volumes containing 7 and 5 
masses respectively, in the Brussels 
Library. 

1.ARUETTE, Jean liOals (1731- 
1792) : b. Toulouse, d. there ; actor and 
singer at the Opera comique (Comedie 
italienne) ; composed operas bouffons 
for Paris, including La fausse aven- 
turiere (1756) ; L'heureux deguisement 
and Le medecin de I'amour (1758), 
L'ivrogne corrlgi (1759), Cendrillon 
(1759), Le depit genereux (1761) and 
Les deux comperes (1772). 

IiA SAL.ETTE, Joubert de (1762- 
1832) : b. Grenoble, d. there ; brigadier- 
general in the French army; musical 
scholar and author of Stenographie 
musicale (1805), Considerations sur les 
divers systemes de la musique an- 
cienne et moderne (1810), De la nota- 
tion musical en giniral et en particu- 
lier de celle du systeme grec (1817), 
De la ftxiti et de I'invaiiabiliti des 
sons musicaux (1824). 

L.ASKA, Gustav (1847- ) : b. 
Prague ; studied at the Prague Conserva- 
tory with Hrab^, Kittl and KrejCi; 
toured as double-bass virtuoso in Aus- 
tria and Saxony, 1867-8; at court thea- 
tre in Kassel, 1868; director of the 
Gottlngen Opera, 1875-6; after 1878 m 
court orchestra at Schwerin, also choir- 
director; composed many songs, 2 pi- 
ano sonatas, much piano music, 3 
masses, 2 symphonies (D minor and A 
major), 2 overtures, an opera, Der 
Kaisersoldat, and solos, suite, concerto, 
'Carnival of Venice,' romances, etc., for 
double-bass; also a double-bass Method 
in 2 vols. 



lia Tombelle 

liASSAIiLE, Jean Louis (1847- ) : 
b. Lyons; baritone singer; made debut 
in Liege, 1869, then appeared at Lille, 
Toulouse, The Hague, Brussels and, 
finally, at the Opira, Paris, 1872-93, 
also in London. After 1901 he taught 
singing, becoming professor at the 
Conservatoire. 

LASSEN, Eduard (1830-1904) : b. 
Copenhagen, d. Weimar; composer and 
conductor; studied at Brussels Cons. 
12 years, winning the Prix de Rome in 
1851; went to Cassel, Leipzig, Dres- 
den, Berlin, Weimar, then Rome. 
Liszt's influence secured him the pro- 
duction of his opera Landgraf Ludwigs 
Brautfahrt in 1857, and the jjosition of 
court Musikdirektor at Weimar. In 
1858 he succeeded Liszt as court Kapell- 
meister, and as such conducted the first 
performance of Tristan und Isolde, 
after Its original production in Munich. 
L. composed, besides the above named, 
the operas Frauenlob (1860) and Le 
Captif (1865) ; a ballet, incidental mu- 
sic to Hebbel's Nibelungen, Sophokles' 
CEdlpus Colonos, Goethe's Faust, etc.; 
also 2 symphonies, fantasy piece for 
'cello and orch., cantatas, a Te Deum 
for chorus and orchestra, overtures, 
'Biblical pictures' (voice and orchestra), 
and many widely popular songs. Ret.: 
III. 18, 19, 24, 214, 235; V. 397f; por- 
trait, V. 306. 

LASSO, Orlando dl (also Orlandns 
Lassus or Roland de Lattre) (1532- 
1594) : b. Mons, Hainault, d. Munich ; 
choir boy in the Church of St. Nich- 
olas, Mons; taken to Milan and Sicily 
by Ferdinand de Gonzaga in 1532; sub- 
sequently attached to the Marchese della 
Terza in Naples and the Cardinal Arch- 
bishop of Florence in Rome; maestro 
di cappella at San Giovanni in Laterano 
(1541-1548) ; lived in Antwerp (1554- 
57) ; entered the court band of Duke 
Albert V of Bavaria in 1557 and was 
its conductor from 1562 to 1594. L. is 
credited with about 2,500 compositions, 
including masses, motets, madrigals, 
villanelle, Lieder, chansons, etc.; his 
most celebrated work, Psalmi Davidis 
poenitentiales, was published in modem 
scoring by Dehn (1838) ; complete edi- 
tion of his works by Breitkopf & Har- 
tel. Ref.: I. 206ff, 320, 353f; VL 49, 
56ff, 59f; mus. ex., XIII. 36, 37, 38; 
portrait, I. 308. 

LASSUS. See Lasso. 

LATILLA, Gaetano (1711-1791) : b. 
Bari, Naples, d. Naples; studied at 
Naples with (iizzi; assistant musical di- 
rector at Santa Maria Maggiore, in 
Rome, 1738; teacher of choral singing 
at the Cons, della Piet4, Venice, 1756; 
also assistant musical director of St. 
Mark's. He has written a great num- 
ber of operas, some church music, etc. 

LA TOMBELLE, Fernand de 
(1854- ): b. Paris; studied with 
Guilmant and Dubois; instructor in 
theory at the Schola cantorum. His 
works include much organ music, or- 



285 



iJatrobe 

chestral suites and an operetta, Vn rive 
au pays du bleu (1892). 

liATROBB, Christian Ignatius 

(1758-1836) : b. Leeds, d. Fairfield, near 
London; composed a great number of 
church songs, piano sonatas and pub- 
lished a collection of German and Ital- 
ian vocal church music of the 18th 
cent., entitled, 'Selection of Sacred 
Music' (6 vols., 1806-26). 

I/ATTRB, Roland de. See Lasso. 

liATZELSBERGBR, Joset (1849-) : 
b. Allhartsberg; studied music at the 
Conservatory of Vienna; choirmaster 
and composer of sacred music. 

I/AUB (1) Ferdinand (1832-1875): 
b. Prague, d. Gries, near Dozen; violin 
virtuoso, studied at Prague Cons. ; con- 
cert-master at Weimar, as Joachim's 
successor, teacher at the Stern Cons., 
Berlin ; concert-master of the court orch. 
and chamber virtuoso there; then 
toured, and became professor of Mos- 
cow Cons, and concert-master of the 
Imperial Russian Musical Soc. He 
pub. some solo pieces for violin. Ref.: 
VII. 418, 553. (2) Thomas lilnnemann 
(1852- ): b. Langaa, Denmark; pu- 
pil of Copenhagen Cons. ; organist in 
Copenhagen; author of works on the 
Protestant chorales, Danish folk-songs, 

iATJBER, Josepli (1864- ) : b. 
Ruswil, Switzerland; studied with 
Gustav Weber, Rheinberger and Mas- 
senet; lived in Neuchatel, Zurich and 
finally in Geneva, where he was for 2 
years conductor at the Grand Theatre 
and subsequently teacher at the Cons.; 
composer of orchestral suites, over- 
tures, 3 symphonies, symphonic poems, 
2 piano concertos, 2 violin concertos, 
a piano quintet, a piano trio, a vio- 
lin sonata, choral works, piano pieces, 
songs, etc. 

LiAUFFENBEBG, Heinrlch von (d. 
1460) : German poet who wrote sacred 
texts to secular folk-songs and ar- 
ranged Marienantiphonen as German 
church hynms. 

li'AULlVAYE. See [De L'] Aulnaye. 

LAUNIS, Armas Emanuel (1884-) : 
b. Hameenlinna, Finland; studied with 
Sibelius and Ilmari Krohn at the Stern 
Cons., Berlin, and with von Baussnern 
in Weimar; music teacher and con- 
ductor in Helsingfors since 1912; com- 
poser of a string quartet, a piano quin- 
tet, choruses, 2 cantatas, piano pieces, 
songs and the opera Seitseman veljesta 
(1913) ; author of notable works on 
the folk-song of Finland. 

[IiA] liATJRENCIE, I>ionel de 
(1861- ) : studied forestry, then mu- 
sic with A. Weingartner and Leon 
Reynier (violin), also at the Paris 
Cons.; lecturer at the ficoles des hautes 
etudes soclales; collaborator on vari- 
ous French musical journals, also 
Lavignac's Encyclopedie de musique; 
and pvib. studies on Wagner's 'Parsifal' 
(1880-94), Rameau, and the French 
symphony about 1750 (with Saint-Foix, 



I/avignac 

1912); also Espana (1890), Le gout mu- 
sical en France (1905) and Les bouffons 
(1912). 

LAURENS, Edmond (1851- ) : b. 
Bergerac, France; studied at the Con- 
servatoire; composed operas and a 
Suite Japonaise. 

LAUREIVT DE RILLE, Francois 
Anatole (1828- ): b. Orleans; stud- 
ied with Comoghio and El wart; inspec- 
tor in the Paris public schools; has 
written operettas, male choruses, a mu- 
sical novel, etc. 

IjAURESiTI (1) Bartolomeo Giro- 
lamo (1644-1726): b. Bologna, d. there; 
violinist; pub. Sonate per camera a vio- 
lino e violoncello (1691) and Sei concern 
a 3. cioe violino, violoncello ed organo 
(1720). Ref.: VIL 390. (2) Girolamo 
Nicolft (d. Bologna, 1752) : violinist, 
pupil of Corelll and Vitali, pub. 6 con- 
certos for 3 violins, viola, 'cello and 
organ, 

liAUSKA, Franz Seraphinus (1764- 
1825) : b. Briinn, d. Berlin; studied 
with Albrechtsberger in Vienna; house- 
hold musician to an Italian duke, 
chamber musician in Munich, and 
finally teacher of piano in Berlin; com- 
poser of 16 piano sonatas, a 'cello so- 
nata, rondos, variations, a piano 
method, male quartets, songs, etc. 

LAUTERBACH, Johann Chrlstoph 
(1832- ): b. Culmbach; studied at 
Wurzburg, also with de Beriot and 
F^tis; concert-master and violin teacher 
at the Cons, in Munich and later in 
Dresden; composer of piano pieces. 

LAVALIilSE, Callxa (1842-1891) : b. 
Vercheres, Canada, d. Boston; concert 
pianist, whose tours in the U. S. were 
devoted largely to American composi- 
tions. She herself composed 2 operas, 
an oratorio, a symphony, etc. 

liAVBNU, Louis H. (1818-1859) : b. 
London, d. Sydney; 'cellist and dra- 
matic composer. 

LAVIGJVA, Vincenzo (1777-ca.l837) : 
b. Naples, d. Milan; pupil of the Cons, 
delta Pieta, Naples; accompanist and 
instructor of singing at La Scala; vocal 
teacher at Milan Cons.; was the teach- 
er of Verdi; composed nine operas 
and two ballets. Ref.: U. 481; IX. 
133. 

LAVIGNAC, [Alexandre Jean] Al- 
bert (1846- ): b. Paris; musical 
theorist; studied at the Paris Cons.; 
profesor of elementary theory there 
since 1882. His works include Cours 
complet thioTique et pratique de dictie 
musicale (1882), Solfiges manuscrits 
(6 vols.), 50 lefons d'harmonie. La 
musique et les musiciens (1895, Ameri- 
can ed. H. E. Krehbiel, 1904) ; Le voy- 
age artistique a Bayreuth (1897), L'idu- 
cation musicale (1902), Notions sco- 
laires de musique (1905), Les gaietis du 
conservatoire (1900) ; editor of the great 
Encyclopedic de la musique et Diction- 
naire du Conservatoire. Ref.: (cited) 

VIII. 7, 11, 68, 71, 79, 83, 87, 88, 102; 

IX. 287. 



286 



Lavlgne 

.^h^^^^^^ <1> Jacqnes-fimile (1782 
1855): b. Pau, d. there; engaged 
at the Op^ra, Paris, as tenor, 1809-25. 
His powerful voice earned him the title 
of the 'Hercules of Song.' (2) An- 
tolne Joseph (1816-1886): b. Besan- 
Son, d. Manchester ; famous oboist ; 
studied at the Paris Conservatoire; was 
engaged in the orchestra of the Drury 
Lane Promenade Concerts, London, 
1841; later was a member of Hallo's 
orchestra, Manchester. 

IjAVOIX, Henri Marie Francois 
(1846-1897): b. Paris, d. there; studied 
harmony with Henry Cohen. He has 
written some very valuable mono- 
graphs, among which are Les tradac- 
teurs de Shakespeare en muslque 
(1869) ; La musiqae dans la nature 
(1873) ; La musique dans I'imagerie du 
moyen-dge (1875) ; Histoire de I'instru- 
mentatlon (awarded a prize by the 
Academy, 1875) ; Les principes et I'his- 
toire du chant (in collaboration with 
Th. Lemaire) ; L'htstoire de la musique 
(1883); La musique au siicle de Saint 
Louis (1884). He later conducted the 
musical department of the Globe and 
was on the staff of the Revue et Ga- 
zette musicale, 

I.AVOTTA (1764-1820): early Hun- 
garian nationalist composer. Ref.: IH. 
188, 195. 

I/AVROVSKAIA, Ellizabeth Andre- 
ievna (1845- ) : b. Kaschin, Tver; 
singer; studied with Fenzi and Madame 
Nissen-Saloman ; made her d^but as 
Orpheus, 1867; studied further in Lon- 
don and Paris at the Princess Helen's 
expense, was then engaged at the Im- 
perial Opera in St. Petersburg. After 
four years she became active as con- 
cert singer, but again joined the Im- 
perial Opera in 1878. She married 
Prince Zereteleff. 

LAW, Andrew (1748-1821): b. 
Cheshire, Conn., d. there; singing teach- 
er and hymn composer. Ref.: IV. 52f. 
LA WES (1) William (1582-1645) ; b. 
Salisbury, d. as soldier at the siege of 
Chester; studied under Coperario; sang 
in the choir of the Chichester Cathedral ; 
was later chamber musician to Charles 
I; composed many violin airs and, 
together with his brother Henry, the 
music to Shirley's 'The Triumphs of 
Peace.' Ref.: X. 83. (2) Henry (1595- 
1662) : b. Dinton, near Salisbury, d. 
London; pupil of Coperario; Epistler 
and Gentleman of Chapel Royal, clerk 
there; member of the King's private 
band, and music-master to the Earl of 
Bridgewater; composed three masques 
('The Triumphs of Peace,' Coelum brit- 
tanicum, and 'Comus') ; 'A Paraphrase 
upon the Psalmes of David' (1637) ; 
'Choice Psalmes put into Musick for 3 
Voices' (1648) ; 'Ayres and Dialogues 
for 1, 2 and 3 Voices' (3 books; 1653, 
'55, '58); songs and anthems; music to 
poems by Milton, Herrick, W. Cart- 
wright, Davenaut, etc. Ref.: I. 385; V. 
168; IX. 29. 



287 



Iiebert 

LAYOLLE, Francois (16th cent.): 
b. probably in France; musician in 
the service of Cardinal Famese and 
music teacher of Benvenuto Cellini; 
composer of motets, madrigals, masses, 
psalms, etc. ; pub. by Jacques Moderne, 
Petrejus, Rhaw and Antonio Gardano. 

LAZARUS (1) Henry (1815-1895): 
b. London, d. there; brilliant clarinet- 
tist; studied with Blizard and Godfrey; 
first clarinettist of the Sacred Harmonic 
Society; was many years a teacher at 
the Royal Academy of Music. (2) Gus- 
tav (1861- ): b. Cologne; studied at 
the Cologne Conservatory; teacher at 
the Scharwenka Conservatory, Berlin, 
1887; succeeded Emil Breslaur as di- 
rector of his music school; composed 2 
operas, orchestral suite, chamber music, 
piano pieces, piano etudes, choruses 
with orchestra, songs, etc. 

LAZZARI (1) Sylvio (1856- ) : b. 
Bozen; studied at the Paris Conserva- 
toire with E. Gulraud and C^sar 
Franck; representative and champion 
of the Paris Wagner Society; composer 
of the operas. Armor (Prague, 1898); 
L'ensorcele (Paris, 1903) ; La Upreuse 
(Paris, 1912), and a pantomime. Lulu: 
also the symphonic poems Ophelia and 
Effet de nuit, orchestral suite Impres- 
sions, festival march, a fantasy for vio- 
lin and orchestra, chamber music, 
women's choruses, songs and piano 
pieces, 2 and 4 hands. (2) Raflaello: 
contemp. Italian composer of operas, 
pros. Vrgella (Trent, 1898), and La con- 
tessa d'Egmont (ib., 1902). 

LEACH, James (1762-1797): York- 
shire tenor and composer. 

LE B£ (Le Bee), GulUanme (16th 
cent.) : French type-founder, whose 
types of 1540 printed notes and lines 
simultaneously, while those of 1555 
printed notes and staff-lines separately, 
like Petrucci's, necessitating two im- 
pressions. He also made tablature-type. 
His punches afterwards became Bal- 
lard's property. Ref.: I. 286f. 

LE BEAU, [Louise] Adolpha (1850-) : 
b. Kastatt; studied with Mittermayr, 
Haizinger and Kalliwoda in Karls- 
ruhe and with Sachs, Rheinber- 
ger and Lachner in Munich; pianist, 
music teacher and critic in Wiesbaden, 
Berlin and Baden-Baden; composer of 
orchestral and chamber music, 2 piano 
concertos, 2 dramatic cantatas, an op- 
era Der verzauberte Kalif, songs, piano 
pieces, etc. 

LE B£:GVE, IVlcoIas Antoine (1630- 
1702): b. Laon, d. Paris; court organ- 
ist; composer of organ and clavecin- 
music, and 'Airs' for two and three 
voices and continuo. Ref. : VI. 442 ; VIL 
36. 

LEBERT (Levy), Siegmnnd (1822- 
1884) : b. Louisburg, Wiirttemberg, d. 
Stuttgart; studied at Prague with Tom- 
aschek, Dionys Weber, Tedesco and 
Proksch; was piano teacher in Munich, 
then, in 1856, founded the Stuttgart 
Cons, with Faisst, Brachmann, Laiblin, 



Ijebeuf 

Stark, Speldel and others; collaborated 
■with L. Stark on a Grosse Klavier- 
schule (1859), translated into German, 
French, English, Italian and Russian 
and newly revised by Max Pauer 
(1904) ; on a Sgstematische theoret- 
isch - praktische Elementar - Stngschule 
(1859), etc.; also edited several clas- 
sical works, and Clemente's Gradus ad 
Parnassum; became Royal Wilrttem- 
berg professor, 1873. 

IJEBEUF, Jean (1687-1760): b. 
Auxerre, d. there; abbot, canon and 
sub-cantor at the Catliedral there ; mem- 
ber of the Paris Academy. Among his 
works are Traite historiqne et pratique 
sur le chant ecclesiastique (1741), etc. 

LEBI/AJfC (18th cent.) : French vio- 
linist. Ref.: VII. 410. 

liE BliANC DU ROUIiLET (18th 
cent.) : secretary of the French Embassy 
at Vienna; librettist, literary collabo- 
rator with Gluck on his 'reform' operas. 
Ref.: II. 31ff; IX. 54, 60. 

L.BBORNB (1) AimS Ambroise 
Simon (1797-1866) : b. Brussels, d. 
Paris; studied at the Paris Conserva- 
toire with Dourlen and Cherubinl; suc- 
ceeded Reicha as professor of compo- 
sition in the Conservatoire; librarian of 
the Opera, 1834; produced some comic 
operas. (2) Fernand (1862- ) : b. 
in Belgium; studied with Massenet, 
Saint-Saens and Cesar Franck; music 
critic of the Monde artiste; has com- 
posed a great quantity of orchestral and 
chamber music, also a symphonie-con- 
certo for piano, violin and orch. (prix 
Chartier, 1901), and the operas Daphnis 
et Chloe (Brussels, 1885), Hedda (Milan, 
1898), Mudarra (Berlin, 1899); Les 
GiTondius (Lyons, 1905), La Catalane 
(Paris, 1907) and Cleopatre (Rouen, 
1914). 

liEBOUC, Charles Joseph (1822- 
1893): b. Besanfon, d. Hyeres; virtuoso 
on 'cello. 

L.EBRUN (1) Lndwlg August 
(1746-1790): b. Mannheim, d. Berlin; 
world-famous oboe virtuoso; was a 
member of the Mannheim orchestra, 
with which he toured; composed 7 
oboe concertos, trios for oboe, violin 
and 'cello, and flute duets. (2) Jean 
(1759-1809): b. Lyons, d. Paris; famous 
horn virtuoso; first hornist of the 
Paris Op^ra, 1786-92; then at the Ber- 
lin court opera; returned to Paris, 1806, 
where, unaile to obtain employment, he 
committed suicide. (3) Louis Sebas- 
tien (1764-1829): b. Paris; tenor, first 
at the Opira, then at the Opera- 
Comique, 1787-1803; court singing direc- 
tor, 1810. Among his works are a 
great many operas, a Te Deum, a mass, 
etc. (4) Paul Henry Joseph (1861-) : 
b. Ghent; studied music at the Ghent 
Conservatory; later in Vienna, Ger- 
many and France; succeeded Miry as 
professor at the Ghent Cons., 1889. 
His works Include 2 operas, orchestral 
music, choruses, etc. 

LE CARPENTIER, Adolphe Clair 



Iieduc 

(1809-1869) : Paris piano teacher; pub. 
a number of instructive piano com- 
positions, also ]Scole d'harmonie et 
d'accompagemeat. 

L.ECH1VER, I/eonhard ([71-1604): 
b. Etschtal, d. Stuttgart; Kapellmeister 
to Count Eitel Friedrlch von Hohen- 
zollem, at Hechlngen; court Kapell- 
meister at Stuttgart, 1595; composed an 
immense quantity of music, including 
German songs, motets, madrigals, etc. 

LECLAIR (1) Jean-Marie (1697- 
1764) :■ b. Lyon, d. (murdered) Paris; 
ballet dancer and ballet master at 
Turin; then violin pupil of Somis; 
ripieno at the Paris Opera, 1729; later 
private teacher and composer. He 
wrote 48 sonatas for violin and con- 
tinuo; duos for 2 violins, 6 trios for 
2 violins and continuo, 12 violin con- 
certos (2 violins, viola, bass and con- 
tinuo), an opera 'Glaukus and Scylla' 
(1747), overtures, sonatas en trio, etc., 
written in a style which is 'nearer to 
Couperin than to Corelli' (Riemann). 
His sonatas were repub. in part by F. 
David (Hohe Schule, etc.) and Eitner. 

(2) Antoine: younger brother of (1); 
violinist, pub. 12 violin sonatas, 1739. 

IiEC004> [Alexandre] Charles 
(1832- ): b. Paris; studied at the 
Cons, under Bazin, Hal^vy and Benolst; 
won first prize for harmony in 1850, 
and second prize for fugue in 1852. 
His first work, Le docteur Miracle, writ- 
ten with Bizet, and prod, in 1857, won 
a prize oiTered by Offenbach for the 
best opera buffa. His works comprise 
nearly 40 operettas, including La fille 
de Mme. Angot (1872) ; Girofli-Girofla 
and Les Pris Saint-Geruais (1874) ; La 
petite Mariee (1875) ; Ali-Baba (3-act, 
1889), and his last, Ninette (1896); be- 
sides several not performed; also 
pieces for piano, songs, etc. Ref.: IX. 
235 

£b COUPPBY, Felix (1811-1884): 
b. Paris, d. there; studied at the Con- 
servatoire; teacher there from 1828 and 
professor from 1843; pub. A B C da 
piano, 6cole da micanlsme du piano, 
L'art du piano, De Venseignement du 
piano; conseils aux jeunes professeurs 
(1865). 

LEDENT, F61ix fitlenne (1816- 
1886): b. Li^ge, d. there; studied at the 
Liege Cons., where he won the prix 
de Rome for composition, 1843; piano 
teacher there. 

LEDUC (1) Simon (1748-1777): b. 
Paris, d. there; violinist; studied with 
Gaviniis. His published works include 
symphonies, violin concertos and so- 
natas, etc. (2) Pierre (le Jcune) 
(1755-1816): b. Paris, d. in Holland; 
brother and pupil of (1) ; was at first 
a violinist, then established a music 
publishing business, which became one 
of the biggest enterprises of its kind. 

(3) Alphonse (1804-1868) : b. Nantes, 
d. Paris ; was of a family of musicians ; 
studied with Reicha at the Paris Con- 
servatoire and with Bhein at Nantes. 



288 



IJee 

His works include a great quantity of 
flute, guitar and bassoon pieces, over 
1,300 in all, also a text-book on the 
piano. L. was later connected with 
musical publications. 

L,EE (1) Seliastlen (1805-1887) : b. 
Hamburg, d. there; solo 'cellist at the 
Opera, Paris, 1837-68. His works in- 
clude fantasies, variations, rondos and 
duets for 'cello. (2) Louis (1819-1896) : 
b. Hamburg, d. Lubeck ; brother of (1) ; 
brilliant 'cellist; studied with Prell; 
toured for 12 years in Germany and 
Denmark; then became 'cellist of the 
Hamburg Stadttheater ; for many years 
first 'cellist of the Hamburg Philhar- 
monic Society; also teacher there in 
the conservatory. His works include a 
piano quartet, a trio, a 'cello sonata, 
etc. (3) Itloritz (1821-1895) : b. Ham- 
burg, d. London; brother of (1) and 
(2) ; pianist and composer. 

I.EF£BT7RE, liouis Francois Henri 
(1754-1840) : b. Paris, d. there; a French 
government oflicial, finally sub-prefect 
of Verdun; author of Noveau solfige 
(1780), in which he expounded a new 
theory of solmisation ; also composed 
a number of sonatas and oratorios. 

liEFfiiBrrREi-'fVfil.Y, Lonls-James- 
Alfred (1817-1869): b. Paris, d. there; 
organist and composer; succeeded his 
father as organist of Saint Roch, Paris, 
at age of 14; studied at Paris Cons.; 
organist of La Madeleine (1847-58) and 
of St. Sulpice (1858-69) ; composed an 
opera, Les Recratenrs (1861), a cantata 
Apris la Victoire (1863), 3 symphonies, 
1 mass with orchestra and 2 with organ, 
chamber music, sacred vocal music, 
salon music for piano, piano etudes, 
etc. Ref.: VI. 467. 

L.EFEBVRE (I<e Febvre) (1) 
Jacques (Jacoltns Faber) (1435 or 
1455-1537 or 1547) : b. Staples, near 
Amiens, d. Nerac; private tutor to the 
King of Navarre; author of Elementa 
musicalia (1496). (2) Charles Ednard 
(1843- ): b. Paris; studied at the 
Conservatoire; became teacher of the 
elementary classes there, 1895. His 
works include a number of operas, 
chamber music, choruses, psalms, etc. 

LiEGGATT: Russian ballet master. 
Ref.: X. 182. 

L.BGRANT (1) Gnillanme (15th 
cent.) : Flemish or French composer, 
examples of whose work are preserved 
in the Liceo filarmonico of Bologna, the 
Bodleian Library at Oxford and else- 
where; organ arrangements in the 
Lochamer Liederbnch. (2) Johannes: 
compositions preserved in the Codices 
of Trent and the Cod. Can. misc., Ox- 
ford, and reproduced in Stainer's 
'Dufay,' etc. 

LEGRENZI, Giovanni (ca. 1625- 
1690) : b. Clusone, near Bergamo, d. Ven- 
ice ; composer ; pupil of Pallavicino ; 
organist at Bergamo; maestro di cap- 
pella to the Duke of Ferrara; director 
of the Cons, de' Mendicanti in Venice; 
maestro at San Marco, where he en- 



Lebmann 

larged the orch. to 34 pieces (8 violins, 
11 violette [small viols], 2 tenor viols, 
3 viole da gamba and bass viols, 4 
theorbos, 2 cornets, 1 bassoon, and 3 
trombones) ; he was one of the first to 
write for two violins and violoncello; 
composed eighteen operas, Concerti di 
messe e salmi a 3-4 con violini (1654) ; 
Mottetti da 2-i voci (1655), Mottetti a 5 
voci (1660), Sacri e festivi concerti, 
messa e salmi a due cori (1657), Senti- 
menti devoti (2 e 3 voci; 1660; 2 vols.), 
Complete con litanie et antifone delta 
Beata Vergine (a 5; 1662), Cantata a 
voce sola (1674), Idee armoniche (a 2 e 
3; 1678), Echi di reverenza (14 can- 
tatas for solo voice; 1679), Mottetti 
sacri con voce sola con 3 strumenti 
(1692), Suonate per chiesa (1655), 
Suonate da chiesa e da camera a tre 
(1656), Una muta di suonate (1664), 
Suonate a 2 violini e violone (with 
organ continue; 1667), La Cetra (so- 
natas for 2-4 instr., 1673), Suonate a 2 
violini e violoncello (1677), Suonate da 
chiesa e da camera (1693). Ref.: I. 
346, 365, 384; VI. 105f; VII. 386, 478; 
mus. ex., XIII. 86. 

LEHAR, Franz (1870- ): b. Ko- 
morn, Hungary ; conductor of the Ton- 
kilnstler orchestra in Vienna and com- 
poser of an opera, Kukuska (Leipzig, 
1896), and a number of popular oper- 
ettas, including 'The Merry Widow' 
(Vienna, 1905), 'The Man with the 
Three Wives' (1908), 'The Count of 
Luxemburg' (1909), 'Gypsy Love' 
(1910), 'Alone at Last' (1914), some of 
which were adapted into English and 
prod, in England and America. 

liEHMAWN (1) Robert (1841- ): 
b. Schweidnitz, Silesia; studied under 
the organist Konig, and the 'cellist 
Oswald, in Lowenberg; became 'cellist 
in concert bands in Germany and Amer- 
ica, 1873-74; became organist of the 
Johanniskirche and the Synagogue in 
Stettin, 1875, as well as singing teacher 
in the gymnasium and director of the 
Liedertafel; finally was made director 
of the court musicians, 1894. Among 
his works are compositions for the 
'cello, violin, piano, harp and har- 
monium and considerable church mu- 
sic. He is also the author of Erinner- 
ungen eines Kiinstlcrs (1895). (2) L.Illi 
(1842- ) : b. Wurzburg; operatic so- 
prano, taught by her mother, Mabib 
L., prima donna at Cassel under Spohr; 
d^but at Prague in Zaaberflote; engaged 
at Danzig (1868) and Leipzig (1870), 
but in the same year went to Berlin, 
obtaining a life engagement at the Royal 
opera with the title of Imp. Chamber- 
singer (1876) ; sang Woglinde, Helm- 
wige and the Bird at the first Wagner 
Festival at Bayreuth (1876). She also 
appeared in London (1880, 1884, and 
1885) ; broke her contract with the Ber- 
lin Opera, and sang for 3 years in 
German opera in the United States. 
Ref..- IV. 140, 142f, 147; portrait, V. 
286. (3) Iiiza (Mrs. Bedford): b. 



289 



filiebmann-Osttn 

.'London ; singer and composer; pupil 
,^f Randegger, Raunkilde at Rome, 
i. Freudenberg, and Hamlsh MacCunn; 
Kdibut in London; sang at tlie Nor- 
cTPich Festival, 1887; and frecjuently ap- 
; peared in Britain and Germany ; re- 
iiired in 1894; composer of tlie song 
; cycle, 'In a Persian Garden,' etc. Ret. : 
cIII. 443; V. 328f. 

,!\ LEHMANX-OSTIN, Paul (1865-) : 
-J?. Dresden; noted piano pedagogue, 
director of the Ehrlich School of Mu- 
; sic, Dresden, since 1892. 

L,E3IB]VITZ, 18th cent. German au- 
thor. Re/..- IL 48. 

~. liBIBROCK, Joseph Adolpb (1808- 
(J886): b. Brnuswick, d. Berlin; stud- 
tjpd philosophy, then music; harpist in 
, the, .Brunswick Court Orchestra ; com- 
■jPpsed incidental music to Schiller's 
,fl4o{>Er, choruses, songs, etc., and puh. 
!^\ri/fusikalische Akkordenlehre (1875), 

i'- 3LEICESTER, Earl of. Ref.: X. 150. 
7.h, MIICHTEJJTRITT, Hugo (1874-) : 

p.- Pleschen, Germany; came to the 
•tejfted States at 15, studied with J. R. 
'Paine at Harvard University, then at 
-|te Royal High School in Berlin, 1895- 
-ft8ir*then became member of the fac- 
-plite ; of the Klindworth-Scharwenka 

Conservatory. He wrote a biography 
l^q,Chopin (1905, 1913), a brief Ge- 
'•fiofii'eivte der Masik, a Geschichte der 
fMpteiH (1900), a Musikallsche Formen- 
•tfe/ifflrj^l911), and revised and supple- 
'jnented Ambros' Musikgeschichte; also 
Ipi&fKWorks of H. Prsetorius, A. Ham- 
UBSrs^midt, Joh. Schenck, and other 

early .jnasters in various Denkmdler, 
:^lso a-jcollectiou entitled Deutsche Haus- 
■•ntusikbaas 4 Jahrhunderten (Berlin, 
ti£W6i'. He composed a number of songs 
Jgnd'iSOBie chamber music and revised 
-Euaslet'rs treatises on Harmony, Coun- 
■^tWP'cAnti and Form. See Addenda. 
Hi liEJOHTOlV, [Sir] William (17th 
^eflI}t.)):^ English musician; published 
g'rlftiaoTeares or Lamentacions of a Sor- 
iri95^@&I '^oule; Composed with Musi- 
asftUhAyres and Songs both for Voyces 
aSOd-iJlivsrs Instruments' (1614), con- 
-^Oliiiiei $4 metrical psalms and hymns 
-iitk bsiRg for 4 voices with tablatm-e 
-fop.ntia lute, bandora, and cittern, 13 
if nrr 4( s^oices and 24 for 5 voices with- 
-ostoBWceimpaniment) ; the first 8 are by 
iin«ii©th,esFS by Bull, Byrd, Gibbons, etc. 
■,B,tf,q?.Nll. 394. 

bojJiBJraTB, Antonio da SUva (1759- 
,li8S39;: bi. Porto, d. there; musical di- 
'arectol <m the cathedral of Porto; wrote 
l&eaUma\de todas as regras e preceitos 
-^Wliflftflforia assim da musica meirica 
-BffnM do) .cantochao (1787), an opera, 6 
iSORStQ^s ifqj* guitar, violin and 2 trum- 
<Beits,jS;Ayrnn in commemoration of the 
ftjcrrojiatj^n of John VI of Portugal, 
-songs, "eite. 

nr IrEHTERT, [Johann] Georg (1852- 
.4M:13:: ft)>t i Dresden, d. near there; ap- 
.TPe^J5Wl}ft&i Pjanist at 13; studied with 
.i>i^6~.<t90£ed in Germany and else- 



290 



liemlin 

where (also with Wllhelmj) ; taught at 
the Horak piano schools in Vienna and 
composed some piano pieces. 

LE JEUNE, Claudln (1528-1602) : b. 
Valenciennes; one of the earliest French 
Huguenot composers and one of the 
first followers of the Jannequin school. 

liEKEU, Guillaame (1870-1894) : b. 
Heusy, near Verviers, d. Angers; pupil 
of Cisar Franck and Vincent d'Indy; 
composer of 2 symphonic studies for 
orch. (1889-90) ; adagio for string orch., 
the lyric poem Andromeda, orchestral 
fantasy on 2 folk-songs of Angers, 
songs, piano trio, also a 'cello sonata 
and a piano quartet (both unfinished 
and completed by d'Indy). His pre- 
mature death put an end to a career of 
great promise. Ref.: III. xviii, 311; V. 
355. 

lIeIMAIRE (1) (or Le Maire) (16th- 
17th cent.) : French musician who is 
said to have been the exponent of a 
seventh solmisation-syllable {si, accord- 
ing to Rousseau; za, according to Mer- 
ment), an invention which amounts to 
the abandonment of the old system of 
mutation. (2) Theophlle: b. Essigny 
le Grand (Aisne), 1820; pupil of Gar- 
cia, Michelot and Moreau-Sainti at the 
Paris Conservatoire, abandoned an op- 
eratic career on account of illness and 
devoted himself to vocal teaching, mak- 
ing studies of all available methods. 
He translated Tosi's Opinioni del can- 
iori antichi e moderni into French 
(1874), and, with H. Lavoix, pub. a 
'Complete History of the Art of Singing' 
(2 vols., 1878-81). (3) [Jean Eugene] 
Gaston (1854- ) : b. Chateau d'Am- 
blainvillers (Seine-et-Oise) ; composer 
of a number of operettas, ballets, pan- 
tomimes, orchestral and vocal pieces. 

liE MAISTRE, Mattheus (Le 
MaStre) (16th cent.) : Dutch composer; 
court musical director, 1554-67; wrote 
Magnificat octo tonorum (1577) ; church 
and secular songs; and 5 masses (MS. 
in the Munich Library). 

LEMARE, Henry: (1865- ) : Eng- 
lish organist; concertized in Europe and 
America; composer of an organ sym- 
phony (D minor) and organ pieces of 
light character. Ref.: VI. 494. 

liEMieiRE DE CORVEY, Jean 
Frederic Auguste (1770-1832): b. 
Rennes, d. Paris; French ofBcer in the 
Revolution and under Napoleon; com- 
posed numerous comic operas and 
other light works for the stage, be- 
sides violin sonatas, piano sonatas, 
potpourris, military music, a trio for 
harp, horn and piano, romances, etc. 

liEMLIIV, liaurentlus (1513-[?]): b. 
Eichstatt; singer and Kapellmeister at 
the Court of Heidelberg; teacher of 
Jobst von Brant, George ]?orster, Kas- 
par Othmayr and Stephan Zirler ; a 
large number of 4-part songs by him 
were pub. in Forster's collections (1539- 
40) and motets in the collections of 
Rhau, Petrejus, Kriestein and other 
contemporaries. 



Lemiuens 

tEMMElVS, Jacques-lVlcolas (1823- 
1881) : b. Zoerle-Parwijs, Belgium, d. at 
Castle Linteport, near Malines ; organist, 
pupil of his father and of van der 
Broeck at Diest, and of Godineau at 
the Brussels Cons. After playing the 
organ at Diest for some months he 
took further lessons with Michelot, 
Girschner, Fitis and Hesse; appointed 
professor of organ playing at the Brus- 
sels Cons. (1849) ; opened a seminary 
for Catholic organists and choirmas- 
ters at Malines (1879) ; composed so- 
natas, improvisations, studies; an 6cole 
d'orgue, adopted in the Paris and Brus- 
sels Conservatories; 2 svmphonies, 
piano music, a Te Deum, motets, songs, 
etc. Ref.: VI. 468f. 

L,EM01NE (1) Antoine (1763-1817): 
b. Paris, d. there; guitar virtuoso; 
played in the Theatre de Monsieur, 
1789; musical director of smaller thea- 
tres in Paris; taught in his own guitar 
school. (2) Henri (1786-1854) : b. 
Paris, d. there; son of (1); studied at 
the Conservatoire, also harmony with 
Beicha; composed a great number of 
piano sonatas, variations, etc. (3) 
Alms (1795-E?]): studied with Galin, 
whose follower he was for a time, 
expounding his methods in Mithode du 
miloplaste. 

I^EMOYNE, Jean Baptlste (1751- 
1796): b. Eymet, Perigord, d. Paris; 
maltre de chapelle of various provin- 
cial theatres In France; later 2nd Ka- 
pellmeister to Frederick the Great; re- 
turning to Paris, he pretended to be a 
pupil of Gluck, but was disavowed 
by the latter and joined the camp of 
the Piccinists; composer of operas. 

liElVAERTS, Constant (1852- ) : 
b. Antwerp; studied with Benoit; di- 
rector of the Flemish National Thea- 
tre and teacher at the Antwerp Cons.; 
conductor of the popular concerts and 
the Toonkunstenaarbond ; founder of 
the Sociit^ royale de I'harmonie (1914) ; 
composer of a cantata, De triomf vant 
licht, for chorus and orchestra, etc. 

LENAU, Austrian poet. Ref.: VII. 
318; VIII. 391; IX. 9^ 96. 

LEIVDW^AY (l,endvai), Erwin 
(1882- ): Budapest; pupil of Koess- 
ler and of Puccini in Milan; theory 
teacher at the Jaques-Dalcroze Insti- 
tute at Dresden-Hellerau, then teacher 
of dramatic composition at the Hoch 
Cons., Frankfort. He wrote 2 string 
trios, a symphony in D, orchestral 
scherzo, piano pieces, 'Old Japanese' 
songs, women's choruses, 'Nippon,' a 
festival march (orch. or band), 4 pieces 
for 'cello and piano, 3 organ pieces, and 
an opera, Elga (MS.). Ref.: III. 199. 

LENEPVEN, Charles Ferdinand 
(1840- ) : b. Rouen ; studied with 
Servais and in the Paris Conservatoire, 
where he won the prix de Rome; be- 
came professor of harmony there, 1880 ; 
then succeeded Guiraud as professor of 
composition, 1892; author of 100 Lecons 
d'harmonie (1898) ; prod, a comic op- 



29X 



Leonard 

era, Le Florentin, in 1871, which had 
won a conconrs in 1869, also a grand 
opera, Velleda (London). 

LENTON, John (17th cent.) : mem- 
ber of the Chapel Royal, London, 1685, 
and of the court orchestra there, 1692- 
1718; pub. "The Gentleman's Diversion 
or The Violin Explained' (1694, 2nd 
ed. as 'The Useful Instructor on the 
Violin,' 1702), also, with Toilet, 'A 
Consort of Mustek in Three Parts' 
(1694) ; and wrote music for several 
stage pieces, as well as vocal pieces pub. 
in various collections. He revised the 
2nd vol. of Playford's 'Dancing Mas- 
ter' (1713). Ref.: VIL 394. 

I/ENZ (1) Helnrich (1764-1839); b. 
Warsaw, d. there; organist and teacher; 
lived in Prussia till 1784 as teacher 
of Prince Louis Ferdinand; then, till 
1793, in Paris, where his symphonies 
were produced. He Anally returned to 
Warsaw, where he was teacher of musi- 
cal theory and the organ in the local 
music schools. His works include a 
number of piano pieces, etc. (2) Wil- 
helm von (1804-1883) : d. St. Peters- 
burg ; pianist and author ; studied piano 
in Paris under Liszt and Chopin; au- 
thor of Beethoven et ses trois styles 
(2 vols., 1852-1865); Beethoven: eine 
Kunststudie (5 vols., 1855-60; vols, lli-v 
separately pub. as Kritischer Katalog 
der sdmtlichen Werke nebst Analgsen 
derselben . . . 1860, and vol. i as 
Beethoven: eine Biographies 2nd ed., 
1879) ; and Die grossen Pianofortevirtu- 
osen unsrer Zeit (character sketches of 
Liszt, Chopin, Tausig, and Henselt; 
1872; Engl, transl.. New York, 1898). 
Ref.: n. 160; (cited) VII. 290, 291. 

liEO, lieonardo (1694-1746) : b. 
San Vito degli Schiavi, Brindisi, d. 
Naples; composer; pupil of Aless. Scar- 
latti and N. Fago at the Cons, della 
Pieta de Turchini, Naples, and of 
Pitoni, Rome; maestro at the Naples 
cathedral; subsequently maestro at 
Santa Maria della Solitaria; organist to 
the court; later instructor in the Cons, 
di Sant' Onofrio, where he taught Per- 
golesi, Jommelli, Piccini, Sacchini, 
Traetta; composed about 60 operas, 4 
oratorios, 5 masses. Magnificats, Mise- 
reres, Credos, Dixits, motets, hymns, 
responses, etc.; 6 'cello concertos with 
string quartet ; 2 books of organ fugues ; 
several clavichord toccatas, etc. (mostly 
in MS. in Naples, Rome, Berlin, and 
Paris). Ref.: I. 400f; 11. 11, 14; VI. 
137; IX. 21, 91. 

liEO the Great, Pope. Ref.: I. 
143. 

LEONARD, Hubert (1819-1890): b. 
Bellaire, near Liege, d. Paris; violinist; 
studied with Rouma at Liege, and Hab- 
eneck at the Paris Cons.; extended con- 
cert tours (1844-1848) ; succeeded de 
Biriot as first professor of violin play- 
ing at the Brussels Cons.; retired in 
1867, and thereafter lived in Paris as 
a teacher; pub. Petite ggmnastique du 
j'eune violoniste, Ggmnastique du vio- 



lieoncavallo 

liniste; 24 Etudes classiques; ttndes 
harmoniques ; a method for violin, 
icole Lionard; L'ancienne icole itali- 
enne; also' 5 violin concertos and other 
works for violin. Ref.: II. 42; VII. 447. 

LEONCAVALLO, Rngglero (1858-) : 
b. Naples; studied music at the Naples 
Cons. ; after failing to secure a produc- 
tion for his tragic opera, Tommaso 
Chatterton (prod, in Rome, 1896), he 
spent several years teaching, playing 
the piano in catis, chiefly as a wan- 
dering artist in France, England and 
Egypt. During those years he wrote 
and set to music the trilogy, Crepus- 
culnm (I / Medici, n Gerolamo Sa- 
vonarola, III Cesare Borgia). Success 
came to him with the production of 
/ Pagliacci (1892), which has since 
been followed by La Bokeme (1897), 
Zaza (1900), Der Roland von Berlin 
(1904), Maja (1910), Malbruk (1910), 
La reginella delle rose (1912), I Zingari 
(1912), and the operetta 'Are You 
There?' (1913). He also wrote the 
text to Machado's opera, Mario Wetter, 
a symphonic poem, Seraflta, a ballet. La 
vita d'una Marionetta, songs, etc. Ref.: 
I. xviii; III. ix, 369, 371 f, 384; IX. 481, 
484. 

LEIONHARD, Jnllns Emll (1810- 
1883): b. Lauban, d. Dresden; pro- 
fessor of piano at the Munich Cons., 
1852, and at the Dresden Cons., 1859; 
composer of the oratorio Johannes der 
Tdufer, a symphony, an overture, a 
piano sonata, 2 violin sonatas, 3 trios, 
a piano quartet, 3 cantatas and other 
vocal works. 

LEONI, EVanco: contemp. Italian 
opera composer; his works include Rag- 
Bio di Luna (1890) ; Sardanapalus 
(1896) ; 'Rip Van Winkle' (1897) ; 'lb 
and Little Christina' (1901); 'The Ora- 
cle' (1905) ; all, except the first, pro- 
duced in London. Ref.: III. 384, 432. 

LEONIN (Leo, Leonlnus), Master 
(12th cent) : musical director at B. 
M. Virginis (before Notre Dame was 
built) as predecessor of Master Pero- 
tin; one of the oldest masters of the 
Paris school. His teachings, differing 
radically from succeeding ones, are 
recorded in Coussemaker's Scriptores 
(Anongmns I\f., vol. III). Ref.: I. 
184. 

LEOPOLD (1) II, Emperor of Anfs- 
tria. Ref.: IX. 86. (2) Prince of An- 
balt-Cothen. Ref.: I. 461f, 468. 

LEOPOUTA, Martin (1540-1589) : 
b. Lemberg, d. Cracow; noted contra- 
puntist; composer at the Polish court, 
1560, whose works include 3 masses, 
2 hymns, etc. 

LERMONTOPP, Russian poet. Ref. : 
III. 108; VIII. 451, 464; IX. 408. 

LEROTJX, Xavier-Henri-Napoleon 
(1863- ): b. Velletri, Papal States; 
composer; pupil of Dubois and Mas- 
senet at Paris Cons.; grand prix de 
Rome, 1885; wrote cantata, Endymion; 
opera Cleop&tre (1890) ; lyric drama 
Evangiline (Brussels, 1895) ; music to 



Lessmann 

^schylus* 'Persians'; a mass with 
orch. ; a dramatic overture Harald; and 
the unperf. operas William Ratcliff 
and L'ipave: also motets, songs, etc. 
Ref.: V. 318f; IX. 443, 452. 

LE ROY, Adrien (d. 1599) : brother- 
in-law and partner of Robert Ballard, 
the founder of the celebrated Paris 
publishing house of Le Roy & Ballard; 
also an able musician, singer and lute- 
nist; author of Instruction de partir 
toute musique ... en tablature de 
luth (1557 ; Engl, transl. 1574) ; com- 
poser of 3 books of lute pieces. He 
pub. 2 great collections of 4-part chan- 
sons, incl. some by Lasso, Gondimel, 
de Bussy, Bore, Le Roy, etc., others by 
composers represented in Attaignant's 
collection. 

LESCHEX, Christopli Friedrlch 
(1816-1899) : b. Vienna, d. there; son of 
a piano manufacturer; composed sev- 
eral operas, many symphonies, over- 
tures, church music, songs, etc. 

LESCHETIZKY, Theodor (1830- 
1915) : b. Lancut, near Lemberg, d. 
Dresden; celebrated pianist and teach- 
er; pupil of Czerny and Sechter in 
Vienna; co-founder of the Imperial 
Russian Musical Society in St. Peters- 
burg, where he lived from 1852 and 
was professor of piano at the Con- 
servatory. From 1872 he taught pri- 
vately in Vienna, where he established 
a world-wide reputation, among his 
pupils being Paderewski, Gabrilowitch, 
Mark Hambourg, etc. He pub. bril- 
liant piano pieces and prod, an opera. 
Die erste Falte (Prague, 1867, etc.). 
His individual method is described by 
Mai wine Br^e in Die Gmndlage der 
Methode L.'s (1902). He was married 
four times, his second wife, Anette 
Essipoff, the pianist, was a pupil of 
L., as were also his third and fourth 
wives. 

LESLIE, Henry David (1822-1896): 
b. London, d. there; musical director 
and composer; at first 'cellist in the or- 
chestra of the Sacred Harmonic So- 
ciety; secretary of the Amateur Musical 
Society, 1847; became chief of the Na- 
tional College of Music, 1864. His 
works include one opera, 'Ida' (1864) ; 
an operetta, 'Romance, or Bold Dick 
Turpin' (1857) ; 2 oratorios, several 
cantatas, 2 symphonies, a piano quintet, 

LESSEL, Franz (1780-1838) : b. near 
Pulawi, Poland, d. Petrikofi'; son of 
the musical director to Prince Czar- 
toryski ; studied with Haydn at Vienna, 
with whom he remained an intimate 
companion till the latter's death. His 
compositions include 10 'historical 
songs,' a trio, adagio and rondo for 
piano and orchestra, an overture for 
large orchestra, a fugue for piano 
4 hands, a piano concerto, etc. 

LESSING, German poet. Ref.: II. 
48, 81, 129; X. 161. 

LESSMANN, W. J. Otto (1844- ) : 
b. Riidersdorfer Ealkberge, near Ber- 



292 



IiessogoroS 

Un; studied with Ritter in Magdeburg 
and -with von Billow, Kiel and Teschner 
in Berlin; teacher for 2 years la the 
household of Count Briihl at Pforten, 
at the Stem Cons., 1866, and at Tau- 
sig's school for advanced piano play- 
ing, 1867; for a short time conducted 
a music school of his own in Ber- 
lin; since 1872 in charge of musical 
Instruction at the Kaiserin Augusta 
Stiftung in Potsdam and teacher at the 
Klindworth-Scharwenka Cons. ; editor 
for many years of the Allgemeine 
Masik-Zeitung ; composer of songs, etc.; 
author of Franz Liszt (1881). 

LBSSOGOROFP: Russian ballet 
composer. Ref.: X. 180. 

IBSTJEtlR (L,e Snenr), Jean Fran- 
cois (1760-1837) : b. Drucat-Plessiel, 
near Abbeville, d. Paris; composer; 
mostly self-taught; choir boy in the 
maltrise at Abbeville and in the cathe- 
dral at Amiens ; mattre de musique at 
the Sfiez Cathedral; under-master of 
music at the Saints Innocents, Paris; 
jnattre de musique at Dijon and Le 
Mans; at the Innocents, Paris (1784- 
1786) ; at Notre Dame from 1786, where 
he organized an orchestra for the church 
festivals and brought out masses, etc., 
with orchestra. On the organization 
of the Conservatory in 1795 was ap- 
pointed inspector and a member of the 
Committee on Instruction; dismissed in 
1802; Napoleon appointed him his 
maltre de chapelle to succeed Paeslello, 
in 1804; superintendent and composer 
to the Chapelle du roi (1814-1830); 
appointed professor of composition at 
the Cons. (1817) ; member of the mu- 
sical jury for the Opera (1806-1824) ; 
elected to the Institut (1813) ; composi- 
tions include the operas La Caverne 
(1793), Paul et Virginie (1794), Tile- 
maque (1794), Les Bardes (1804), La 
mort d'Adam (1809) and three others 
not produced; two divertissements, sev- 
eral oratorios, a cantata, a solemn mass 
for four voices, chorus and orchestra, 
other masses, a Christmas oratorio, Te 
Deums, Passions, etc. ; author of Essai 
de musique sacree, etc. (1787), Exposi 
d'une musique unie, etc. (1787), Prin- 
cipes ilimentaire de la musique (with 
Mehul, Langle, Gossec and Catul), Sol- 
figes. Notice sur la melopie, la rgtk- 
mopie, et les grands caracteres de la 
musique ancienne (1793), a sketch of 
Paesiello (1816), etc. Ref.: II. 44, 352; 
lU. vii; VI. 285f; VIII. 101. 

liE TEIiLIER (early 18th cent.) : li- 
brettist. Ref.: IX. 90, 94. 

LiETOREY, [Pierre Henry] Ernest 
(1867- ): b. Rouen; studied at Paris 
Cons., orchestral conductor in Paris, 
composer of vocal and instrumental 
"Works 

L,EUCKART, Ernst Christoph: in 
1782 founded a music house in Breslau, 
which, in 1856, was taken over by 
CoNSTANTiN Sander (1826-1905), who 
brought the business to Leipzig, 1870, 
adding thereto the establishments of 



lievy 

Weinhold and Forster, of Breslau, 
Damkohler of Berlin, Witzendorf of 
Vienna, etc.; the present owner being 
Martin Sander, son of Constantln S. 

L,EVA, Enrico de (1867- ) : b. 
Naples; pupil of Puzone and Arienzo, 
composers of very popular Neapolitan 
canzonetti (ballads) ; also an opera. La 
Camargo, a serenade, A Capomonte, 
piano and violin pieces ; singing teacher 
and exponent of reforms in vocal in- 
struction in Italian schools. Ref.: III. 
401. 

liBVADfi, Charles Gaston (1869-) ; 
b. Paris; studied there with Massenet 
at the Conservatoire; composer of or- 
chestral suites, chamber music, piano 
pieces, a salon opera, L'amour d'Helio- 
dora (Paris, 1903), and a grand opera, 
Les Heritiques (1905). 

LEVASSEtTR (1) Pierre Francois 
(1753-ca. 1815): b. Abb(5ville; 'cello vir- 
tuoso; pupil of Dupert the younger, 
member of the Paris Opira, 1785-1815. 
(2) Jean Henry (1765-1823) : b. Paris, 
d. there; brother of (1); 'cello virtuoso; 
pupil of Cupis and Dupert the younger; 
member of the Op^ra, 1795-1823; pro- 
fessor of 'cello at the Conservatoire, for 
which he collaborated on the '(^ello 
Method; pub. 'cello sonatas, duets and 
«udes. (3) Rosalie (18th cent.) : cele- 
brated singer at the Paris Opera (1766- 
85) ; sang principal r61es in Gluck's op- 
eras. (4) Nleolas-Prosper (1791-1871) : 
b. in Picardy; operatic bass; studied 
at Paris Cons.; debut at the Op^ra, 
1813; sang during season of 1816 in 
London; rejoined the Opira in that 
year; was engaged for 5 years at the 
Theatre Italien, Paris (1822), and from 
1828-45 took leading bass roles at the 
Op^ra; professor of lyric declamation 
at the Conservatoire (1841-1871). 

LEVEY, WUllani Charles (1837- 
1894) : b. Dublin, d. London; son of the 
violinist, Richard Michael L. ; studied 
at Paris with Auber, Thalberg and Pru- 
dent; director of opera at Covent Gar- 
den, London, 1868-74; later at the Hay- 
market. L. has composed several oper- 
ettas, dramatic music, a cantata, an 
'Irish Overture,' songs, etc. 

LEVI (1) Hermann (1839-1900) : b. 
Giessen, d. Munich; studied with Vin- 
cenz Lachner, Mannheim, 1852-5; then 
at the Leipzig Cons, till 1858 ; musical 
director in Saarbriicken, 1859-61 ; Kap- 
ellmeister of the German Opera, Rot- 
terdam, 1861-4; court Kapellmeister at 
Karlsruhe till 1872, then the same at 
Munich. He was the first conductor of 
Parsifal at Bayreuth (1882). L. com- 
posed piano concertos, songs, etc.; also 
pub. some biographical writings on 
musicians, etc.; portrait, VIII. 444. (2) 
Jakob. See Lebert. 

lyEVINSOHN, A. Ref.i (quoted on 
ballet) X. 215. 

LEVY. Alexandre (1864-1892) : b. 
Sao Paulo, Brazil, d. there; studied with 
i:mile Durand in Paris; has composed 
variations on a Brazilian theme for 



293 



Lewalter 

piano, and other piano music; also 
chamber music, one piece taking the 
prize at the Columbian Exposition in 
Cliicago, 1892. 

liEWALTBR, Johann (1862- ) : 
b. Cassel; composer and musical writ- 
er; studied under Reinecke, Papperltz 
and Weidenbach at the Leipzig Cons.; 
became music teacher at Cassel, 1886, 
also writing and composing. His 
works include well-known songs, piano 
music, fugues, etc., and the Deutsche 
Volkslieder in Niederhessen; Bessische 
Kinderliedchen (1891), etc. 

LEWANDOWSKY (1) I/Ouls (1823- 
1894): b. Wreschen, Posen, d. Berlin; 
studied in the composition school of 
the Berlin Academy; musical director 
of the synagogue in Berlin, after 1840; 
composed a great quantity of orches- 
tral, choir and chaiober music. He is 
best known for his revival of old 
Jewish melodies and for his reforms 
in Jewish sacred song. (2) Leopold 
(1823-1896): d. Warsaw; musical direc- 
tor of theatre orchestras; known on ac- 
count of his many dance compositions; 
mazurkas, polkas, etc. 

LEWES, George Henry. Re/.: 
(quoted) II. 75ff. 

L,EWY (1) Eduard Konstantin 
(1796-1846) : b. St. Avoid, Mossel, d. 
Vienna; Waldhorn virtuoso; French 
military musician; first horn of the 
Vienna court opera, 1822, and teacher at 
the Vienna Cons. (2) Karl (1823-1883) : 
b. Lausanne, d. Vienna; son of (1) ; 
Waldhorn virtuoso; at 13 was a mem- 
ber of the court opera orchestra, later 
inspector of the court opera. A bril- 
liant singing teacher, he numbered 
among his pupils Wallinger, Lucca and 
Sembrich. 

LEYBACH, Ignace Xavier Joseph 
(1817-1891) : b. Gambsheim, Alsace, d. 
Toulouse; studied at Strassburg, then 
at Paris; organist of the cathedral at 
Toulouse, 1844. He was a brilliant 
pianist and has composed much excel- 
lent salon music; the author of L'or- 
ganiste pratique. 

L'HfiRITIER, Jean (early 16th 
cent.) : b. in France ; composed many 
motets, hymns, a mass, chansons, which 
have been included in later collections. 

LIADOFF, Anatol (1855-1914) : b. 
St. Petersburg; composer; studied at 
Cons, under Johansen and Rimsky-Kor- 
sakoff; professor of composition there 
since 1878. Has composed preludes, 
intermezzos, variations, studies, waltzes, 
mazurkas, etc., for piano; symphonic 
poems Baba Yaga, Le lac enchante 
and Kikimora for orchestra; a ballade, 
polonaises and other works for or- 
chestra; chorus with orchestra to Schil- 
ler's Braut von Messina, women's cho- 
rus to Maeterlinck's Soeur Biatrice; Rus- 
sian folk-songs, etc. Ref.: III. 128, 
189; VL 395; VII. 334, 555; VIIL 463. 

LIADOVA; Russian ballerina. Ref.: 
X. 151. 

LIAPOUNOFF, Serge Mlkhallo- 



lie 

vltch (1859- ) : b. Jaroslav, Russia; 
studied with Klindworth, Pabst, and 
Hubert; sub-director of the Imperial 
Choir and music-master to Grand Duke 
Michael Alexandrovitch at St. Peters- 
burg; commissioner in 1893 to collect 
the folk-songs in the Governments of 
Vologda, Viatna, and Kostroma, which 
he pub. with piano accomp. in 1897; 
composed a Ballade for orch., an Ouver- 
ture solennelle, a symphony, 2 sym- 
phonic poems; 2 piano concertos, TJkra- 
nian rhapsody for piano and orch.; 
preludes, waltzes, mazurkas, etudes for 
piano; also 35 'Russian Songs'; and 
edited the correspondence between 
Tschaikowsky and Balakireif (1912). 

LIBON, Felipe (1775-1838) : b. Ca- 
diz, d. Paris; violinist; studied with 
Viotti in London; chamber musician to 
the King of Portugal, 1796, to the Em- 
press Josephine, 1800, and later to 
Marie Louise, in Paris, retaining his 
post after the Restoration; composed 6 
violin concertos, 6 string trios, violin 
duets, variations, etc. 

LICHNOWSKY (1) Prince Carl 
(1713-1814) : famous musical patron 
and amateur; maintained the Schup- 
panzigh quartet in which he played the 
2nd violin. Beethoven lived in his 
house 1794-96 and received from him a 
stipend of 600 florins annually from 
1800. Ref.: H. 107; VII. 510, 513. (2) 
Count Moritz (late 18th-early 19th 
cent.) : musical patron (of Beethoven, 
etc.). Ref.: IL 152. 

lilCHTENSTEIJV, Ulrlch von. Ref.: 
(cited) VIL 370. 

LICHTBNTHAIi, Peter (1780-1853) ! 
b. Pressburg, d. Milan; composer and 
writer on music, his most important 
musical works being a string quartet, 
a piano trio with violin and viola, also 
some music for piano alone; composed 
three operas for La Scala, also 4 bal- 
lets. His writings include Harmonist 
far Damen (1806) ; Der musikalische 
Ant (1807) ; and a musical lexicon, 
Dizionario e bibliografia delta musica 
(1826). 

LICKIi, Johann Georg (1769-1843) : 
b. Kornneuburg, Lower Austria, d. 
Fiinikirchen, where he was director of 
church music from 1806; composer of 
Singspiele for Schikaneder's Theatre; 
also masses, motets, and chamber 
music. 

LIDON, Job6 (1752-1827): b. Bejar, 
Salamanca, d. Madrid; choirboy in 
Madrid and later cathedral organist 
at Malaga; organist to the Royal 
Chapel and mattre de chapelle to the 
King In Madrid, 1808; composed 6 or- 
gan fugues, the operas Glauca y Cori- 
olano and El baron de Mescas, a 
Miserere, hymns, motets, etc.; pub. a 
method of organ accompaniment, and 
wrote a text-book on counterpoint and 
a method of modulation, both unpub- 
lished. 

LIE (1) Erica (married name Nls- 
sen) (1845-1903) : b. Kongsvinger, near 



294 



liebe 

Christianla, d. Christiania; pianist, pu- 
pil of Kjerulf and Kullak. (2) Slgnrd 
(1871-1904): b. Drammen (Norway), d. 
there; pupil of Lindemann, Bohm, J. 
Holter, and Leipzig Cons.; conductor of 
the Harmonie and theatre at Bergen, 
and society conductor in Christiania. 
He composed orchestral and choral 
works, chamber music, and songs. Ref. : 
III. 98. 

lilSBE, Eldtvard lindtris (1819- 
1900) : b. Magdeburg, d. Chur; stud- 
ied with Spohr and Baldewein in Cas- 
sel; musical director in Coblentz, 
Mayence, Worms; for several years 
music teacher in Strassburg and finally 
in London; composed numerous vocal 
and Instrumental works, including an 
opera. Die Braut von Azola (1868). 

LIBBBSKIND, Josepli (1866- ): 
b. Leipzig; studied at the Leipzig 
Cons. ; composer, writer and coliector 
of musicalia; composer of a motet for 
mixed chorus a cappella, a piano trio, 
choral works and songs; edited works 
of Gluck, Haydn, Dittersdorff and Mo- 
zart; translated Wotquenne's thematic 
index to Gluck's works and wrote an 
appendix to it (1911); his collection 
includes original editions and auto- 
graph copies of Gluck's works. 

lilEBICH, Elrnst (1830-1884) : b. 
Breslau, d. there; violin maker; 
worked for Villaume of Paris, Hart 
of London and Bausch in Leipzig; won 
several first prizes for his instru- 
ments. 

lilBBIG, Karl (1808-1884): b. Bres- 
lau, d. there; first clarinet player in 
the Alexander regiment; organized the 
Berlin Sinfoniekapelle in 1843, which 
gave popular concerts in various halls 
on a share basis and secured engage- 
ments with various singing societies. 
L. was made Royal Musikdirektor, but 
his orchestra in 1867 chose Stem as its 
leader, after which L. founded a new 
one, but met only with indifferent 
success. 

1.IE:BL,IN& (1) GeoTs (1865- ): 
b. Berlin; pianist; studied with Kul- 
lak and Liszt and theory with Wuerst, 
Becker and Urban; toured as concert 
player, 1884-93; was director of his 
own school for piano in Berlin; went 
to England, 1898, where he became 
teacher at the Guildhall Music School; 
Saxe-Coburg court pianist; has com- 
posed much piano music, also a vio- 
lin sonata, songs, etc.; prod, an opera. 
Die Wette (Dessau, 1908), and a mys- 
tery. Die heilige Katharina, in Cologne. 
(2) Max (1846- ): b. Hultshin; 
brother of (1) ; pianist and teacher; 
resident in New York. (3) Emll 
(1851-1914): b. Pless, d. Chicago; resi- 
dent in America since 1867; brother of 
(1) and (2) ; pianist and teacher. (4) 
Sally (1859-1909): b. Posen, d. Ber- 
lin; sister of (1), (2) and (3); pian- 
ist and teacher. (5) liconard (1874-) : 
b. New York City; studied piano at 
the Royal High School of Music, Ber- 



295 



tiimbert 

lin; gave Concerts as pianist in Eu- 
rope and United States; has written 
librettos for light operas; editor of 
the (New York) 'Musical Courier' since 
1912. 

I.IESIAU, Robert (1838- ) : b. 
Neustadt, Holstein; famous music pub- 
lisher; in 1864 he acquired Schlesing- 
er's establishment in Berlin and, in 
1874, Haslinger's in Vienna. His es- 
tablishment in Vienna became one of 
the largest of its kind. 

lAEVE, Einil (1860- ); b. Pots- 
dam; studied at tlie Schwantzer Cons., 
Berlin, the Leipzig and Vienna Cons.; 
heroic baritone m several operatic 
stages, singing Klingsor and Biterolf 
in Bayreuth; concert singer since 1902; 
taught singing at the Cons., of Son- 
dershausen, 1903-07; since 1907 sing- 
ing teacher and critic of the Allgemeine 
musikalische Zeitung, Berlin; composer 
of a 1-act opera, Colomba (1894), 2 
symphonic poems, a symphony, an 
entr'acte to Narziss (1885), overtures 
and songs; edited Wagner song and 
piano albums, a new edition of Erk's 
Liederschatz, etc. 

lilER, Jacques van (1875- ) : b. 
at the Hague; studied with Hartog and 
with Eberle, in Rotterdam; became first 
'cellist of the palace orchestra in Rot- 
terdam, 1891; in the Berlin Philhar- 
monic orchestra, 1897-9; then Ijecame 
teacher in the Klindworth-Scharwenka 
Cons. Has published several technical 
study pieces for the 'cello. 

lil-KAOlVG-TI, Chinese monarch. 
Ref.: X. 31. 

JjIIilEBTCRON (1) Rochns Freiherr 
von (1820-1912): b. Plon, Holstein, d. 
Coblentz; professor of German litera- 
ture at Jena, 1852, where he collabo- 
rated with Wilhelm Stade in writing 
LiedeT utid Sprilche ans der letzten Zelt 
des Minnesangs (1854) ; also author, or 
compiler, of many other similar works, 
among them Die Historischen Volks- 
lieder der Deutsehen vom 13.-16. Jahr- 
hundert (1865-69) ; C. E. F. Wegse und 
die ddnische Musik seit dem vorigen 
Jahrhundert (1878), etc.; also collabo- 
rated on the Deutsche Nationalliteratur, 
edited by W. Spemann (2 vols., of 
which one contains the most beautiful 
German folk-songs of the 16th cent, and 
their melodies in contemporary poly- 
phonic compositions). (2) Detlev von, 
German poet. Ref.: V. 331. 

I^IIiJEFORS, Ruben (1871- ): 
b. Upsala; studied with Hedenblad 
there, with Jadassohn at the Leipzig 
Cons., with Draeseke and Kutschbacli 
in Dresden and Reger in Leipzig; con- 
ductor in Upsala since 1902 (Philhar- 
monic Society, 1902-11, Orchestral So- 
ciety, since 1912) ; composer of a sym- 
phony and other orchestral works, can- 
tatas, a piano concerto, a violin so- 
nata and other chamber music, cho- 
ruses, songs and piano pieces. 

LiIMBERT, Frank L,. (1866- ) : b. 
New York City; studied at Dr. Hoch's 



liincke 

Conservatory at Frankfort-on-the-Main 
with Kwast, Knorr, Scholz and with 
Rheinberger in Munich. He became 
director of the Oratorioverein in Hanau, 
1895-8; then became teacher and com- 
poser at Frankfort (1898-1901), then 
conductor of the 'Diisseldorf choral 
society in Dusseldorf, and teacher at the 
newly founded Cons, there, returning 
to Hanau in 1906. His works include 
a Konzertstuck for piano and orches- 
tra, orchestral variations, two viola so- 
natas, piano pieces, 5 German Minne- 
songs for chorus and piano, a string 
quartet, men's and women's choruses, 
duets, songs, etc. 

L.INCKB (1) Joseph (1783-1837) : b. 
Trachenberg, Silesia, d. Vienna: 'cellist 
of the famous Rasoumowski quartet, 
being also 'cellist at the court opera. 
He has produced several variations for 
'cello. Ref.: VII. 521 (footnote). (2) 
Fanl (1866- ) : b. Berlin ; composer 
of a great number of operettas and bal- 
lets; also a 'fllm operetta'; conducts a 
publishing house (ApoUo-Kunstverlag) 
in Berlin. 

LINCOLN, Henry John (1814-1901) : 
b. London, d. there; son of the organ 
builder,' H. C. Lincoln; studied with 
Th. Adams; organist of Christ Church, 
1847 ; musical critic of the 'Daily News,' 
1866-86; lectured on music at the Lon- 
don Institution and throughout the 
provinces. Published a collection of 
organ nausic and was a contributor to 
Grove's Dictionary, His sister, Marion 
(1822-1885), was well known as a con- 
cert singer. 

I/IND (1) Jenny (1820-1887) :b. Stock- 
holm, d. Malvern Wells, England; col- 
oratura soprano, known as 'The Swed- 
ish Nightingale'; studied with Berg and 
Lindblad; d^but at Stockholm as Agathe 
in Der Freischutz (1838) ; subsequently 
studied with Manuel Garcia in Paris ; 
sang at Paris Opira (1842) ; later sang 
in Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Coblenz, 
Copenhagen, Stockholm, Leipzig, Vien- 
na, London, Paris, Dresden, New York, 
Boston, etc., creating a sensation every- 
where. Her compass was from d'-e'", 
Ref.: IL 204; HI. 80; IX. 145, 348; por- 
trait, V. 152. (2) Lett! (19th cent.): 
English dancer. Ref.: X. 189. 

LINDBLAD (1) Adolf XVedrik 
(1801-1878) : b. Lofvingsborg, near 
Stockholm, d. there; composer; pupil of 
Zelter in Berlin; lived in Stockholm 
from 1835; wrote an opera, Frondor- 
erne; a symphony in C; vocal duets, 
terzets and quartets ; numerous songs ; 
called 'The Schubert of the North.' (2) 
Otto Jonas (1809-1864) : b. Karlstorp, 
Sweden, d. St. Mellby; composer of 
Swedish songs, duets, 3 to 4-part cho- 
ruses, and especially quartets for men's 
voices, etc. Ref.: III. 80. 

LINDEGRBN, Johan (1842-1908) : b. 
UUared, Sweden, d. Stockholm; studied 
in the Stockholm Cons. ; became chorus 
master of the Royal Opera; then music 
teacher in the Jacobs-Realschule, 1881; 



lilndner 

choir director of the Stockholm Cathe- 
dral, 1884; distinguished as a teacher 
of composition. Among his works are 
a fantasy-polonaise, a string quartet, 
church music, etc, 

LINDEIIUANN, Ole Andreas (1769- 
1859) : b. Surendalen, Norway, d. 
Dronthelm; organist; teacher; pub- 
lished a chorale book which is still 
widely used in Norway. His sons, 
Frledrich L. (1803-1868), Jakob An- 
dreas L. (1805-1846), Ludvris Mathias 
L. (1812-1887) and Jnst L. (1822-1894), 
were all organists and able musicians; 
Ludwig also composer and editor of a 
collection of Norwegian Fjeldmelodier; 
and Just the author of an Organ 
School. Ludwig's sons Peter Brynie 
L. (1858- ) and Christian Th. M. L. 
(1870- ) are respectively editor of 
the Christiania Masikbladet (also com- 
poser) and cathedral organist in Dron- 
theim. 

LINDBN, Karl -van der (1839-) : 
b. Dordrecht; studied with Kwast, Sr., 
and Bohme there and with various 
teachers in Belgium, Paris and Ger- 
many; conductor of the Harmonie at 
Dordrecht, 1860, the Liedertafel, 1865, 
and Ido's Mannenkoor; musical di- 
rector of the National Guard of Dor- 
drecht, 1872; director of the grand 
concerts of the Netherlands Musical 
Union, 1875 ; conducted festivals at 
Rotterdam and Dordrecht; member of 
the jury in the great musical competi- 
tions at Ghent, 1873, Paris, 1877, and 
Brussels, 1880; composed cantatas, 
songs, 7 overtures, 2 operas, choruses, 
sonatas, piano pieces, etc. 

LINDER, Gottfried (1842- ) ; b. 
Ehingen; studied at the Stuttgart Cons.; 
teacher there, 1868, professor, 1872- 
1912; composer of a string quartet, 
a piano trio, the operas Dornroschea 
(1872) and Konradia von Schwaben 
(1879), a Waldlegen.de for orchestra, an 
overture, songs, etc. 

LINDLEY, Robert (1776-1855): b. 
Rotherham, Yorkshire, d. London; bril- 
liant violoncello virtuoso; studied with 
Cervetto ; was at first a member of 
theatre orchestra in Brighton; then suc- 
ceeded Speratis in the London Royal 
Opera. His works include 4 concertos 
for 'cello, duos for violin and 'cello, 

LINDNER (1) Frledrich (ca. 1540- 
1597) : b. Liegnitz, d. Nuremberg; choir 
director of the Agidienkirche in Nurem- 
berg. Published 2 vols, of Cantiones 
sacrae (1585-88) and the two collections. 
Gemma musicalis (1588) and Corollari- 
um cantionum sacrarum (1590). (2) 
Adolf (1808-1867) : b. Lobenstein, d. 
Leipzig; distinguished Waldhorn virtu- 
oso; was at first court musician, then 
city musician, at Gera, then member 
of Gungl's band, 1844-46; of the thea- 
tre orchestra at Potsdam, and finally, 
in 1854, of the Gewandhaus orchestra 
in Leipzig. (3) Ernst Otto Timotheus 
(1820-1867): b. Breslau, d. Berlin; for 



296 



liindpaintner 

many years editor of the Vossische 
Zeitung, personal friend of Delin, Stern 
and Rust and published great quantities 
of valuable musical articles in his pa- 
per and in the musical periodical. 
Echo. He also pub. Geschichte des 
deutschen Liedes im 18. Jahrhundert 
(1871) and other works of similar na- 
ture. (4) August (1820-1878) : b. Des- 
sau, d. Hanover; studied with Drech- 
sler, became a brilliant 'cellist; member 
of the court opera at Hanover, 1837; 
has composed considerable music for 
'cello. (5) Eu^en (1858-1915): b. Leip- 
zig; studied piano with Edm. Abesser 
and Gustav Kogel and composition 
with Bolck and Stade. L. was choir 
director at the Leipzig Stadttheater, 
1878; became singing teacher at the 
Grand Ducal Music School at Weimar, 
tlien went on the faculty of the Leipzig 
Conservatory, 1902. Among his works 
are the operas Ramiro (1885) and Der 
Meisterdieb (1889), etc. 

LIIVDPAINTNER, Peter Joseph von 
(1791-1856) : b. Coblenz, d. Nonnenhorn, 
Lake of Constance; conductor and com- 
poser; pupil of Winter at Munich; 
Kapellmeister at the new Isartor Thea- 
tre (1812-19) ; court Kapellmeister at 
Stuttgart (1819-56) ; wrote 21 operas, 5 
ballets and 5 melodramas, music to 
Goethe's Faust, 2 oratorios, 6 masses, 
symphonies, overtures, concertantes, 
chamber music, songs, etc. Ref.: V. 
229. 

ilNEVA, Mme.: Russian collector of 
folk-songs. Ref.: V. 125ff. 

UNGKB, George Gottfried (18th 
cent.) : member of the Mizlersche So- 
zietat der musikalischen Wissenschaften 
in Leipzig; was the first to establish 
the principle of the so-called har- 
monic minor scales; author of Die 
Sitze der musikalischen Hauptsatze 
(1766) and Kurze Musiklehre (1779). 

L.ING liENU: Inventor of Chinese 
scale. Ref.: I. 46. 

I.INIiBY (1) Tbomas (1732-1795): 
b. Wells, Somerset, England, d. London; 
composer; musical director and one of 
the owners of the Drury Lane Theatre, 
writing the music for his own produc- 
tions, among which are 'The Duenna,' 
'Selima and Azor,' 'The Camp,' 'Robin- 
son Crusoe,' 'The Triumph of Mirth' 
and 'Love in the East.' Later he pro- 
duced 6 elegies for 3 voices, these be- 
ing considered his best works, and 12 
ballads. After his death there appeared 
among the collected works of his sons 
2 vols, of songs, cantatas and madri- 
gals. (2) Thomas, Jr. (1756-1778) : b. 
Bath, d. Grimsthorpe, Lincolnshire; 
noted violinist; pupil of Boyce and 
Nardini; leader of Bath concerts, and 
at Drury Lane; wrote music to Shake- 
speare's 'Tempest'; an 'Ode on the 
Witches and Fairies in Shakespeare'; 
an oratorio, 'The Song of Moses,' an 
orchestral anthem, 'Let God Arise'; etc. 
Ref.: VIL 404. 

lilONCOTJRT, Georges de (1885-) : 



Idssenko 



b. Cannes; studied with Vincent d'Indy 
at the Schola Cantorum, where he sub- 
sequently became inspector of studies; 
composer of songs, a Libera me, Hyalis 
le petit Faiine aux yeux bleus, for soli, 
chorus and orchestra, orchestral and 
dramatic works (not prod.), etc. 

LIPIIVSKI, Carl Joseph (1790-1861) : 
b. Radzyn, Poland, d. Urlow, near Lem- 
berg; self-taught, excepting some les- 
sons from his father; leader at Lem- 
berg theatre in 1810, Kapellmeister 
(1812-14); made concert tours; concert- 
master in Dresden (1839-59) ; composed 
4 violin concertos, a string trio, rondos, 
polonaises, variations, caprices, fan- 
tasias. With Zalewski, the poet, he 
published a collection of Galician folk- 
songs (1834). Ref.: VH. 446. 

lilPKOWSKA, liydia: contemp. op- 
era singer; sang at Met. Opera, New 
York, 1912, etc. Ref.: IV. 155. 

LIPPIUS, Johann (1585-1612): b. 
Strassburg, d. Speyer, while travelling; 
wrote Disputatio musica (1609) ; The- 
mata Musica (1610) ; Synopsis musicse 
novae omnino verae atque methodicae 
universae (1612). 

I.IPPS, Theodor (1851-1914): b. 
Wallhaben, Palatinate, d. Munich; psy- 
chologist and eesthetician, who among 
other writings pub. Zur Theorie der 
Melodie (1901), Das Wesen der mu- 
sikalischen Harmonic und Disharmonie 
(Psychol. Studien, U, 1885), and Ton- 
verwandtschaft und Tonverschmelzung 
(1899). 

LIPSIITS, Marie (pseudonym I^a 
Mara) (1837- ) : b. Leipzig; writer 
on musical subjects. Among her more 
important works are Musikalische Stu- 
dienkopfe (5 vols., 1868-82) ; Musika- 
lische Gedanken-Polyphonie (1873) ; 
Reethoven (1870, etc.) ; Das Riihnen- 
festspiel in Rayreuth (1877) ; Pauline 
Viardoi-Garcia (1882) ; Musikerbriefe 
aus fiXnf Jahrhunderten (2 vols., 
1886) ; Klassisches und Romantisches 
aus der Tonwelt (1892) : and the sen- 
sational Beethovens unsterbliche Ge- 
liebte. Das Gedeimnis der Graftn Bruns- 
wick und ihre Memoiren (1909) ; also 
edited the letters of Liszt (8 vols., 
1893-1905), of Liszt's contemporaries (3 
vols., 1895-1904), and other correspond- 
ence; also wrote many articles in peri- 

lilPSKI," Stanislans (1880- ) : b. 
Warsaw; studied with Zelehski at the 
Cracow Cons., with Jedliczka and 
Leichtentritt in Berlin, and Leschetizky, 
Bree and Fuchs in Vienna; pianist, 
teacher and composer of piano pieces. 

LISCOVIUS (17th-18th cent.) : writer 
of treatise on vocal mechanism, 1814. 

lilSLE (1) Ronget de. See Rouget 
DE l'Isle, C. J. (2) Iieconte de, 
French dramatist. Ref.: lU. 284, 293. 

LISLB-ADAM, VilUers de. Ref.: 
III. 293. 

IjISSENKO, Nlcolal Vitalievlteh 
(1842-1912): b. Grinjki, near Krement- 
chug, d. Kieff ; pupil of Russian teachers 

297 



Lissinsky 

and Leipzig Cons.; teacher in Kieff. 
He composed a ballade for male chorus, 
Sapowit (1867), 6 operas, 2 children's 
operas, works for chorus and orch., 
cantatas, choral songs, piano pieces 
and songs. He has made researches 
in Little Russian music, and has pub. 
'Songs of Ukraine' (6 parts, 1868-95, 
each 40 songs) ; also Little Russian 
songs for mixed and male chorus; 
Melodoshishi (coll. of Spring, Dance 
and Children's songs) ; and ritual chants 
for mixed chorus (1895). fie/.: HI. 
136; IX. 415. 

LISSINSKY, Vatroslav (1819-1854) : 
b. Agram, d. there; composed the first 
Croatian opera, Ljubav i zloba (1846) ; 
his other works include the opera 
Porin and a large number of orches- 
tral, vocal and piano pieces, etc. 

I/ISZT, Franz (1811-1886) : b. oden- 
burg, Hungary, d. Bayreuth ; composer 
and pianist; first studied with his 
father and at the age of nine played 
Ries's E-flat concerto in public; later 
studied with Czerny and Salieri in 
Vienna, and with Paer and Reicha in 
Paris; was refused admission to Paris 
Cons, by Cherubini ; produced a one- 
act operetta, Don Sancho, on le Chdteau 
de I'Amour at the Acad^mie royale de 
la Musique (1825). Until 1835 L. lived 
in Paris, lionized in the salons and 
developing an extraordinary piano 
technic. Then for four years he lived 
in Geneva in liaison witli the Countess 
d'Agoult, and after that he toured 
Europe in concert for ten years, win- 
ning unprecedented fame as a virtuoso. 
In 1849 he hecame court Kapellmeister 
at Weimar, and in that capacity he fur- 
nished invaluable aid to Wagner and 
other struggling artists. He left Wei- 
mar in 1859 because of opposition to 
his production of Cornelius' Barbier 
von Bagdad, and until 1870 lived chiefly 
in Rome. Pope Pius IX made him an 
Abbi in 1866. He was invited to con- 
duct the Beethoven Festival at Weimar 
in 1870, and friendly relations with that 
court were reestablished. He was elect- 
ed president of the New Hungarian 
Academy of Music at Pesth in 1875, and 
spent the remainder of his life between 
Weimar, Pesth and Rome. L.'s chief 
original contribution to music was the 
symphonic poem, which marked a de- 
parture in orchestral music. As pianist, 
conductor and generous patron his share 
in the promotion of his art was very 
great. His compositions include the 
symphonic poems Dante (after the Di- 
vina Commedia, for orch. and female 
chorus), JSine Faastsymphonie (in 3 
pictures: Faust, Greichen, Mephisto- 
pheles; for orch. and male chorus), Ce 
qu'on entend sur la montagne (Victor 
Hugo), Tasso, lamento e trionfo, Les 
PrHndes, Orpheus, Prometheus, Ma- 
zeppa, Festklange, Heroide funibre 
Hungaria, Hamlet, Hunnenschlacht 
(after Kaulbach), Die Ideate (after 
Schiller), and Von der Wiege bis znm 



liszt 

Grabs (after Michael Zichy) ; also Epi- 
soden aus Lenaus Faast (Der ndchtliche 
Zug, and 2 Mephistowalzer) ; Kunstler- 
Festzug (Schiller Festival, 1859), Fest- 
marsch, Fegtvorspiel, Huldigungsmarsch, 
Yom Fels zum Meer, Deutscher Steges- 
marsch, Rdkoczg-Marsch (for sym- 
phonic orchestra), etc. For piano: 2 
concertos (E-flat and A) ; Danse maca- 
bre with orchestra. Concerto pathetiqae 
(concert-solo) ; 19 Hungarian Rhap- 
sodies; a Rhapsodic espagnole; Sonata 
in B min. ; Fantasia and Fugue on 
B-A-C-H; Variations theme from Bach's 
B min. mass; 6 preludes and fugues 
Bach; 10 Harmonies poetiques et rilig- 
ieuses; Annies de pilerinage ; 6 Appari- 
tions; 2 Ballades; 6 Consolations; Ber- 
ceuse; Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen 
(prelude after Bach) ; Fantasia and 
Fugue; Scherzo and March; 2 Polo- 
naises; Mazurka brlllante; 3 Caprices- 
Valses; Feuilles d'Album; 2 ditto; 
Grand Galop chromatique ; Valse-Im- 
promptu; Mosonyi's Grabgeleit; 2 Ele- 
gies; 2 Legendes (St. Franfois d' Assise 
and St. Franfois de Paul) ; L'hgmne 
du Pape; Via crucis; Liebestrdume (3 
Notturnos) ; L'idic fixe (after melody 
by Berlioz) ; Impromptu in F-sharp ; 
ttudes d'execution transcendante ; 3 
Grandes itudes de concert; Abirato, 
etude de perfectionnement; 2 concert- 
etudes, Waldesrauschen and Gnomen- 
reigen; Technische Studien (1889, 12 
books) ; transcriptions of Beethoven's 
symphonies, of Berlioz's Symphonic 
fantastique and overtures to Les francs- 
Juges and La damnation de Faust, of 
Wagner's overture to Tannhduser, of 
more than 50 songs by Schubert (and 
many others), etc.; paraphrases on op- 
eratic themes by Meyerbeer, Wagner, 
Verdi, Auber, Gounod, etc. Vocal: 
Missa solemnis (the (jrauer Festival 
Mass) in D; Hungarian Coronation 
Mass; Mass in G min., with organ; 
Requiem; 3 oratorios. Die Legende von 
der heiligen Elisabeth, Stanislaus, and 
Christus; Die Seligkeiten, for bari- 
tone solo, chorus and organ; Pater 
noster, for mixed chorus with organ; 
Pater noster and Ave Maria, for male 
voices with organ; Psalm 13 for tenor 
solo, chorus and orchestra; Psalm 18 
for male chorus, orchestra and organ; 
Psalm 23, for tenor (or soprano) solo 
with harp (or piano) and organ (or 
harmonium) ; Psalm 137 for solo, fe- 
male chorus, violin, harp, piano and 
organ; Christus ist geboren, for chorus 
with organ; An den heiligen Franziskus, 
for men's voices, organ, trombones, and 
drums ; numerous minor church com- 
positions, the cantatas Die Glocken des 
Strassburger Miinsters, Die heilige 
Cdcilia, An die Kiinstler for soli, male 
chorus and orchestra; Zur Sdcular-Feier 
Beethovens; Festalbum (for Goethe's 
100th birthday) ; Festchor (for the un- 
veiling of the Herder monument, Wei- 
mar, 1850) ; numerous 4-part male 
choruses (Das Lied der Begeisterung, 



298 



Litolff 

Weimar's Volkslied, Was ist des Deut- 
schen Vaterland), and some 60 songs. 
A thematic catalogue of his composi- 
tions is pub. by Breitkopf & Hartal. 
He is the author of De la fondation 
Goethe IGoethestiftung'l A Weimar 
(1851) ; Lohengrin et TajinhSuser de 
Richard Wagner (1851 ; also German) ; 
Fridiric Chopin (1852; 2nd ed., in 
French, Leipzig, 1879 ; in German, 1880) ; 
Vber Field's Notturnos (1859; French 
and German) ; Die Zigeuner und ihre 
Musik in Ungarn (French, 1861; also 
Hungarian and German) ; Robert Franz 
(1872) ; Keine Zwischenaktsmusik mehr 
(1879). His collected works were trans- 
lated by L. Ramann and pub. in 6 vols. 
(1880-83). Ref.: 11. 245«f, 291; III. 
257f, 305, 323ff, 358ff, 361ff; (rel. to 
Wagner) II. 412ff; (to Brahms) II. 447; 
songs, V. 292fl; choral works, VI. 191f; 
piano works, VII. 288fl; orchestral 
works, VIII. 300ff; mus. ex., XIII. 352, 
355; portraits, II. 250, 328. For gen- 
eral references see indexes of individ- 
ual volumes, 

LITOLFF (1) Henry Charles 
(1818-1891): b. London, d. Paris; pu- 
pil of Moscheles in London; pianist at 
Covent Garden at the age of twelve; 
later lived in France, Belgium, Poland, 
Holland, Germany, Austria and other 
countries, winning fame as a pianist 
and composer; married the widow of 
the Brunswick music publisher G. M. 
Meyer, jun., and founded the publish- 
ing house of Litolif; subsequently went 
to Paris, where he became socially dis- 
tinguished; composer of 5 concert sym- 
phonies for piano and orchestra, piano 
trios, a violin concerto, an oratorio, 
Ruth et Boaz (1869), songs, piano 
pieces, the operas Die Braut von 
Kgnast (1847), Rodrigue de Tolede and 
Les templiers (1886), and the oper- 
ettas La bolte de Pandore, Hilo'ise et 
Abilard, La belle au bois dormant. La 
ftancie du roi de Garbe, La Mandra- 
gorct Le chevalier Nahel and L'esca- 
dron volant de la reine. (2) Theodor 
(1839-1912): b. Brunswick, d. there; 
son of G. M. Meyer, jun., the music 
publisher; adopted son of (1) who 
turned over to him the direction of 
the music publishing business in 1860 ; 
founded the Collection Litolff in 1864; 
the works in this collection were is- 
sued in a format hitherto known as 
Royal, but subsequently known by 
many music publishers both in Ger- 
many and elsewhere as the 'Format 
Litolff.' 

LITTA, Gnlllo, Visconte Arese, Duca 
(1822-1891) : b. Milan, d. Bedano ; com- 
posed a passion oratorio and ten op- 
eras, most of which were produced in 
Milan. 

LITZAU, Johann Barend (1822- 
1893): b. Rotterdam, d. there; many 
years organist in Rotterdam, prolific 
organ music composer. A collection 
of his works has been published by 
Breitkopf & Hartel. 



liObkoTOltz 

LITZMANX, Berthold (1857- ) : b. 
Kiel; studied in Bonn, Kiel, Leipzig 
and Berlin; taught in Kiel, Jena and 
Bonn; author of Klara Schumann, ein 
Kilnstlerleben, nach Tagebilchern und 
Brief en (3 vols., 1902-8; English by 
G. E. Hadow, 2 vols., 1913). 

LIVERATI, Giovanni (1772-after 
1829): b. Bologna; studied with the 
Abbot Mattel; tenor singer in Barce- 
lona and Madrid; conductor for sev- 
eral years of the Italian opera at Pots- 
dam; also conducted in Prague and 
Trieste; teacher of singing in Vienna, 
1805-14; subsequently composer for 
the opera in London; composed 14 
operas, several cantatas, 2 oratorios, 
smaller vocal works, string quartets, 
etc. 

LIVRY, IDmma: ballet writer. Ref.: 
X 159 
'livy. Ref.: (cited) X. 74. 

LLANOVER, Lady (Miss Waddlng- 
ton) (1802-1896) : b. Llanover, Wales, 
d. there; known on account of her re- 
vival of old Welsh musical festivals; 
in collaboration with Jane Williams 
prepared and published a collection of 
old Gaelic melodies (1838). 

LLOYD, Charles Hertord (1849-) : 
b. Thornbury, Gloucestershire; became 
organist of Gloucester cathedral, 1876; 
organist of Christ Church, Oxford, and 
director of the choral society, 1882; or- 
ganist at Eton College, 1892. His 
works include the cantatas 'Hero and 
Leander' (1884) and 'Sir Ogle and 
Lady Elsie' (1894) ; anthems, madri- 
gals, Duo concertant for clarinet and 
piano, organ music, etc. 

LOBE, Johann Christian (1797- 
1881) : b. Weimar, d. Leipzig; studied 
with A. Riemann and A. C. Miiller; 
solo flutist at the Leipzig Gewandhaus 
concerts, 1811; until 1842 flutist and 
viola player in the Weimar court or- 
chestra; conducted a musical institute 
of his own in Weimar until 1846, when 
he returned to Leipzig and devoted 
himself to writing and teaching; com- 
poser of 5 operas, 2 symphonies, sev- 
eral overtures, concertos, variations, 
etc., for flute, a piano quartet, etc.; 
author of Kompositionslehre Oder um- 
fassende Lehre von der thematischen 
Arbeit (1844), Lehrbuch der musikalien 
Komposition (4 vols., 1850-67), Kate- 
chismus der Musik (1851), Musikalische 
Briefe eines Wohlbekannten (1852), 
Fliegende Blatter fiir Musik (3 vols., 
1853-57), Aus dem Leben eines Musi- 
kers (1859), Vereinfachte Harmonielehre 
(1861), Katechismus der Kompositions- 
lehre (1872), Konsonanzen und Disso- 
nanzen (1869) ; edited the Leipzig All- 
gemeine Musikalische Zeitung, 1846-48. 

LOBKOWITZ, Prince Franz Maxl- 
mi'ian (1772-1816): d. Castle Raudnitz; 
patrun of Beethoven, who dedicated to 
him his first quartets (op. 18), also the 
3rd, 5th and 6th symphonies, the triple 
concerto, op. 56, and the Liederkranz. 
Ref.: IL 18, 133, 141; VII. 517. 



299 



liobo 

liOBO (1) Dnarte (Bdnardns I,n- 
pns, also Liopez) (1540-1643) : died at 
the age of 103; one of the Important 
composers of Portugal of his time; 
studied with Cerone and Manocl 
Mendes ; "was band director of the Hos- 
pital Church and of the Cathedral of 
Lisbon. His works include various 
masses, magnificats, etc. (2) Alon.so 
(ca. 1555-[?J): b. Ossuna, Spain; vice- 
musical director of the Cathedral 
of Sevilla, becoming musical director 
of the cathedral in Toledo, 1593. He 
published a volume of masses and mo- 
tets, entitled Lira Sacro-Hispana 
(1602). 

LOBSINGER (16th-17th cent.) : or- 
gan builder in Germany. Ref.: VI. 
405. 

liOCATBLL.!, Pietro (1693-1763) : b. 
Bergamo, d. Amsterdam; violinist and 
composer; pupil of Corelli. After long 
professional tours he settled in Amster- 
dam, where he established regular pub- 
lic concerts; he was famous for his 
(then) remarkable technical feats (in- 
cluding double stops and special ef- 
fects obtained by changing of pitch). 
Among his compositions were: 12 Con- 
cern grossi, op. 1; flute sonatas with 
bass, op. 2; L'arte del violino, contain- 
ing 12 concertos and 24 caprices for 2 
violins, viola, 'cello, and continuo, op. 
3; 6 concertos, op. 4; 6 string trios, op. 
5; 12 sonatas for solo violin, op. 6; 
six Concerti a quattro, op. 7; string 
trios, op. 8; L'Arte di nuova modula- 
zione (Caprices enigmatiques) , op. 9; 
Contrasio armonico, 4-part Concerti, 
op. 10. Ref.: II. 51, 56; VII. 95, 401, 
405, 435, 436, 487f; X. 180. 

L,OCHER, Karl (1843- ): b. 
Berne ; studied with J. R. Weber and 
Ad. Reichel; organist of the Protestant 
Church at Freiburg, Switzerland, of the 
Catholic Church at Berne, and of the 
Nydeck Church, Berlin; author of Die 
Orgelregister (1887). 

LOCILIiET (1) Jean Baptlste (1653- 
1728): b. Ghent, d. London; flutist in 
the Haymarket Orchestra, 1705 ; gave 
chamber concerts after 1710, making 
known Corelli's music; composer of 
flute and violin sonatas and trio so- 
natas; author of 'Lessons for Harpsi- 
chord.' (2) Jacques ([?]-1746) : d. 
Paris; possibly son of (1); chamber 
musician and concert-master in Mu- 
nich, 1726-28; pub. flute sonatas with 
bass. 

LOCKE, Matthew (1632-1677) : b. 
Exeter, d. London; composer; chorister 
in Exeter Cathedral, studying under 
Edward Gibbons and W. Wake; com- 
poser to Charles II., 1661; organist to 
Queen Catherine; wrote music to 'The 
Tempest' and 'Macbeth,' to Shadwell's 
'Psyche,' to Shirley's masque 'Cupid 
and Death,' and to Stapleton's comedy 
"The Stepmother,' 6 suites, 'Consort of 
foure Parts for viols,' a 'Little Consort 
of Three Parts, for viols or violins' 
(1656), anthems, etc.; the first Eng- 



lioeffler 

lish thorough-bass, 'Melathesla, or Cer- 
tain General Rules for Playing upon a 
Continued Bass' (1673), and pamph- 
lets attacking Salmon's attempt at re- 
ducing musical notation to one uni- 
versal character. Ref.: I. 373, 385; VII. 
394. 

liOCLE, CamlUe dn. See Du Locle, 
Camille. 

LODER (1) Edward James (1813- 
1862) : b. Bath, d. London; pupil of his 
father, also of Ferd. Ries at Frankfort; 
composed operas for Drury Lane and 
Covent Garden; was conductor of the 
Princess's Theatre and later at Man- 
chester; his works include the operas 
'Nourijahad' (1834), 'The Night Danc- 
ers' (1846) ; 'Puck,' a ballad opera, 
'Raymond and Agnes' (1855) ; also mu- 
sic to Oxenford's 'Dice of Death' (1835) ; 
a masque, 'The Island of Calypso' 
(1851); string-quartets; songs, etc. 
Ref.: III. 414. (2) Kate Fanny (Lady 
Thompson) (1886-1904) : b. Bath, d. 
London; cousin of (1); studied at the 
Royal Academy of Music, London, 
where she won the King's scholarship 
in 1839 and 1841; professor of har- 
mony there from 1844, played at the 
Philharmonic and other concerts, com- 
posed an opera, an overture, a violin 
sonata, etc. She married the surgeon 
Henry Thompson (later knighted). 

LOEB (1) Jules (1857- ) : b. Strass- 
burg, French 'cellist, pupil of Chevil- 
lard at the Paris Conservatoire, where 
he won the first prize, solo 'cellist of 
the Conservatoire Concerts and at the 
Opera; member of the Marsick quartet 
and Philipp's Societe pour instruments 
a vent et a cordes. (2) James (1867-) : 
b. New York; New York financier, 
interested in literature and music, who 
endowed the Institute of Musical Art 
in the City ot New York in memory 
of his mother, Betty L., in 1905. Ref.: 
IV. 257. 

L,OEPPLER, Charles Martin ITor- 
nov] (1861- ) : b. Millhausen, Al- 
sace; violinist and composer; studied 
violin with Massart, Leonard and 
Joachim, composition with Guiraud; 
played with Pasdeloup's orchestra in 
Paris and with Prince Dervier's or- 
chestra in Nice and Luzano; second 
leader and soloist Boston Symphony 
Orchestra (1881-1903) : composed Les 
Veillees de VUkraine, suite for orches- 
tra and violin (1891) ; Fantastic Con- ' 
certo, for orchestra and 'cello (1894) ; 
Divertimento for violin and orchestra 
(1895) ; symphonic poem, La Mort de 
Tintagiles, for orchestra and viola 
d'amore (1897) ; Divertissement Espag- 
nol, for orchestra and saxophone 
(1901) ; symphonic poems La bonne 
chanson. La Villanelle du Dlable; 'A 
Pagan Poem,' for orchestra and piano; 
Hora Mystica, for orch. (1916) ; string 
quartet, choruses, songs and miscel- 
laneous chamber music. Ref.: III. 
335; IV. 444fr; VII. 604; portrait, IV. 
408. 



300 



Ijoewe 

LOEWB (1) Johann Jnkob (1628- 
1703): b. Vienna, d. Lilneburg; pupil 
of Heinrich Schiitz; Kapellmeister in 
Brunswick and Zeitz; organist in 
Lilneburg; one of the few composers 
of solo songs of his period, having 
written (with Welland) Tugend- und 
Schertzlieder (1657) and (with Kempe) 
Salauische Mnsenlust; also sacred con- 
certos, arias with 2-part rltornelli. He 
is especially notable as the composer 
of the oldest preserved German suites 
with introductory Synfonia.: Synfonien 
Gagliarden, Arien Balleiie, Couranten, 
Sarabanden mit 3 oder U Stimmen. 
(Bremen, 1658). He also wrote sonatas, 
canzoni and caprices (1664) and 2 op- 
eras perf. in Wolfenbilttel. Ref.: I. 
373; vn. 473. (2) [Johann] Carl 
tGoTTFBiED] (1796-1869) : b. Lobejiln, 
near Halle, d. Kiel; composer; studied 
with Tiirk and at the Singakademie, 
Halle; appointed cantor of St. Jacob's 
and teacher at the Gymnasium, Stettin, 
in 1821; municipal Musikdirektor 
(1821-66) ; sang in public in chief 
European cities; bis compositions In- 
clude an opera. Die drei MViinsche 
(1834), seventeen oratorios; a ballade 
for soli, chorus and orchestra, sym- 
phonies, overtures, piano sonatas, 
string quartets, etc., many well known 
ballades for voice and piano (pub. in 
Loewe Albums by Peters and Schlesing- 
er) ; author of several books on music. 
Ret.: n. 284; V. 226, 272flf; portrait, V. 
306. 

liOBWBlVGARD, Max Jnllns 
(1860- ): b. Frankfort; studied with 
Raff there; teacher at the Wiesbaden 
Cons., 1890-91, and at the Scharwenka 
Cons., Berlin, until 1904; also music 
critic of the Borsen-Zeitung ; from 1904 
music critic of the Hamburg Korre- 
spondent and teacher at the Cons, there 
until 1908; author of Lehrbuch der 
Harmonie (1892, English by Baker, 
1910), Aufgabenbuch zur Harmonlelehre 
(1903) ; Lehrbuch des Kontrapunkts 
(1902), Kanon and Fuge, Formenlehre 
(1904) ; Praktische Anleitung zum Gen- 
eralbassspiel, Harmonisieren, Transpo- 
tileren und Modulieren (1913) ; com- 
poser of the comic opera Die ti 
Nothelfer, and songs. 

liOGAU, Friedrich von. Ref.: II. 
48. 

liOGIBR, Johann Bernhard (1777- 
1846): b. Cassel, d. Dublin; went to 
England at an early age, entered the 
band of an Irish regiment as flut- 
ist, and later married the daughter 
of its leader Willmann; then became 
organist in Westport, Ireland, where he 
invented the so-called Chiroplast, or 
hand guide, a mechanism by which the 
position of the hand in piano playing 
can be regulated. This brought him 
success and fortune. He then attracted 
still greater attention by introducing 
his method of simultaneous piano 
teaching, in which pupils are made to 
play in unison on several instruments 



liohr 

As his method spread L. went to Dub- 
lin, then to London, where his system 
was studied by F. Stopel as a repre- 
sentative of the Prussian government, 
which induced L. to spend three years 
in Berlin. He wrote 'An Explanation 
and Description of the Royal Patent 
Chiroplast or Hand-Director for Piano- 
forte,' which elicited replies; then 'The 
First Companion to the Royal Patent 
Chiroplast' (1818) and 'Logier's Prac- 
tical Thorough-bass' (1818, also trans- 
lated into German and French). He 
composed some rather insignificant 
music for piano, trios with flute and 
'cello, etc., and pi''- ^ Method for 
bugle-horn. 

L,OGROSCI]VO, Nicola (ca. 1700- 
1763): b. Naples, d. there; composer; 
pupil of Durante, professor of counter- 
point at the Cons, del Figliuoli dispersi 
in Palermo ; spent his last years in 
Naples, where he produced over a score 
of operas, chiefly in opera-buffa style; 
among his exceedingly popular works 
were Inganno per inganno (1738) ; La 
Violante (1741) ; II Governatore (1747) ; 
Tanto bene, tanto male; II Vecchlo 
marito; La Furba burlata (1760, with 
Piccini), and one opera seria Giunio 
Bruto (1750). He is remarkable for 
being one of the first to use the ensem- 
ble finale, which he extended. Ref.: 
H. 8 (footnote), 10; IX. 38, 68. 

liOHET, Simon ([?]-1612): one of 
the most important German organists 
of the 16th century; he was city mu- 
sician in Nuremberg, then court or- 
ganist at Stuttgart. Some of his works 
are still in manuscript, notably several 
In the Munich Library, while others 
have been published in various collec-' 
tions, some in Ritter's Zur Geschichte 
des Orgelsptels (1884). 

IiOHIiEIN, Georg Simon (1727- 
1782): b. Neustadt, Coburg, d. Danzig; 
studied at Jena, 1760, violin and clavier 
player; concert-master at Danzig; was 
a brilliant teacher. His Klavierschule 
(1765) has many times been repub- 
lished and his Violinschale (1774) was 
also very widely employed. Among 
his compositions are clavier sonatas, 
violin duets, trios, quartets, concertos, 

iiOHMANlV, Peter (1833-1907): b. 
Schwelm, Westphalia, d. Leipzig; at 
first a book dealer; exponent of orig- 
inal ideas in connection with poetry 
and music in the drama (elimination 
of all externals, and seeking of all 
conflicts and solutions in soul struggle), 
which he demonstrated in his own 
poems (Die Brilder Frithjof, Irene, 
etc.). He also wrote i)ber R. Schu- 
mann's Faustmustk (1860), tiber die 
dramatische Dichtung mit Musik (1861, 
3rd ed. as Das Ideal der Oper. 1886), 
and contributed to periodicals. 

LOHR (1) Micliael (1591-1654): b. 
Marienberg, d. Dresden, as cantor of 
the Kreuzschule; pub. Neue Kirchen- 
gesdnge, motets, etc. <2) Johann 



301 



liohse 

(1828- ) : b. Eger; studied in Prague; 
organ virtuoso; organist at Szegedin, 
then Pesth. (3) Hervey (1856- ) : b. 
Leicester; Englisli composer, pupil of 
Sir Artliur Sullivan, W. H. Holmes and 
E. Prout; winner of prizes at the 
Royal Academy of Music; composed 5 
symphonies, an opera 'Kenilworth," an 
oratorio, chamber music, piano pieces, 
songs, part-songs and church music. 
Ref.: III. 443; VI. 479. 

LOHSE, Otto (1859- ) : b. Dres- 
den; studied at the Dresden Conserva- 
tory; piano with Richter and 'cello with 
Griitzmacher ; 'cellist in the court or- 
chestra, Dresden, 1877-9 ; piano -teacher 
in the Imperial Music School at Vilna, 
1880-2; chief Kapellmeister of the 
Hamburg Stadttheater, 1889-93; director 
of Damrosch's German opera in the 
United States, 1895-97; conductor at 
Royal Opera at Covent Garden during 
the seasons of 1901-4; director of tlie 
Symphony Concerts in the court theatre, 
Madrid, 1902; since 1904 opera director 
of the Stadttheater in Cologne. He has 
composed many songs, etc. 

LiOLIil, Antonio (1730-1802) : b. 
Bergamo, d. Palermo; noted violinist 
and composer; leader at Stuttgart (1762- 
73), spent 5 years in St. Petersburg, 
the special favorite of Empress Cather- 
ine II; travelled widely in Europe; 
composed 8 concertos; 3 sets of sonatas 
(6 in each) with bass; 6 sonatas with 
second violin; and a Violin Method. 
Ref.: VII. 409, 435, 436. 

LOLLIO, Alberto, 16th cent. Italian 
poet. Ref.: 1. 328. 

liOMAKIN, Gabriel JoakimovitcU 
(1812-1885) : b. St. Petersburg, d. Gat- 
china; joined the Sheremetjeff chorus; 
taught choral singing at the theatre 
school, court choir and various St. Pe- 
tersburg schools. He arranged the old 
Russian church chants for 4-part 
chorus (with Vorotnikoff under direc- 
tion of A. Lwoff, director of the court 
choir). He was co-founder with Bala- 
kireff of the Free School of Music, 
taught singing there and led vocal part 
of its concerts. He composed Cherubim 
songs, penitential songs, a liturgy, 
sacred songs, etc.; also pub. a treatise 
on choral singing. Ref.: III. 108. 

LOMBARDINE, Maddelena (18th 
cent.) : one of the first women violin- 
ists, pupil of Tartini. Ref.: VII. 404. 

liONG, John Lutlier, Aiuer. author. 
Ref.: IX. 454, 494. 

LONGFEIiLOW, the American poet. 
Ref.: VI. 191, 207, 212, 213, 216, 219, 
221, 370, 380, 384. 

L.ONGO, Alessandro (b. Calabria, 
1864) : professor of piano at Naples 
Cons. ; composer of piano works ; editor 
of piano pieces by D. Scarlatti (as- 
sembled in suites). Ref.: VII. 44. 

LdNNROT, Blias (19Ui cent.) : Fin- 
nish physician who collected and ed- 
ited the Kalevala. Ref.: III. 63. 

L,OOMIS, Harvey Wortbington 
(1865- ): b. Brooklyn, N. Y.; com- 



IJortzing 

poser; studied at National Cons, 
(awarded free scholarship by Anton 
Dvorak) ; composer of pantomimes, 
four comic operas, a grand opera, 
chamber music, songs, piano pieces, 
'Fairy Hill,' a cantata for children, etc. 
Ref.: rv. 413ff; mus. ex., XIV. 252. 

liOPOKOVA, Lydla: contemp. danc- 
er. Ref.: X. 183, 185, 188. 

L,ORENZ (1) Franz (1805-1883) : b. 
Stein, Lower Austria, d. Vienna-Neu- 
stadt; author of much Beethoven and 
Mozart literature, including In Sachen 
Mozarts (1851) ; Haydns, Mozarts und 
Beethovens Kirchenmusik (1806) ; Mo~ 
zart als Klavierkomponist (1866). (2) 
Karl Adolf (1837- ): b. Roslin; 
studied at Berlin with Dehn and Kiel; 
city Musikdirektor in Stettin, succeed- 
ing Carl Loewe, 1866; also organist, 
and singing teacher in the gymnasium; 
became Royal professor in 1885. His 
works include the oratorio Winfried 
(1888), two operas, some chamber 
music, etc. (3) Julius (1862- ) : b. 
Hanover; studied with Reinecke at the 
Leipzig Cons.; became director of the 
Singakademie at Glogau, 1884-95; di- 
rector of the Arion Society, New York, 
1895, also teacher in the German Con- 
servatory there; became Royal Prussian 
Musikdirektor, 1903. Has composed a 
mass (D minor), for solo, choir and 
orchestra, a psalm, a string quartet, a 
trio, an overture, piano music, songs, 
an opera, etc. (4) Alfred (1872- ) : 
b. Strassburg; was at first flutist in an 
orchestra at Baden-Baden, then studied 
with Rheinberger, also composition at 
the Munich Akademie, after which he 
became Volontar-Kapellmeister under 
Mottl in Karlsruhe ; became court 
Kapellmeister there, 1899. L. has com- 
posed considerable orchestra music and 
several operas. 

liORElVZO dc» MEDICI (the Mag- 
nificent). Ref.: 1. 267f, 325. 

LORTZIIVG, Albert Gustav (1805- 
1851) : b. Berlin, d. there; opera com- 
poser; mostly self-taught; for the most 
part led a roving life as singer, actor, 
conductor and manager; member of 
the company at the Court Theatre; ap- 
pointed conductor of the Leipzig opera 
in 1844 and Kapellmeister of the Fried- 
rich Wilhelmstadtische Theater in 1850; 
his works include Alt Pascha von Ja- 
nina (1824) ; Der Pole und sein Kind 
(a vaudeville, 1832) ; Die beiden Schiit- 
zen (1837) ; Czar und Zimmermann 
(1839) ; Die Schatzkammer des Inka 
(unfinished) ; Das Fischersiechen (a 
local skit, 1839) ; Hans Sachs (1840) ; 
Casanova (1841) ; Der Wildschiitz 
(1842) ; Undine (1845) ; Der Waffen- 
schmied (1846) ; Zum Gross-Admiral 
(1847) ; Die Rolandsknappen (1848) ; 
Die Opernprobe (an operetta, 1850) ; 
Die Berliner Griseite (a farce) ; Der 
Weihnachtsabend (unfinished) ; Regina, 
Oder die Marodeure (1848, prod. 1899) ; 
also the music to Benedix's drama, 
Drei Edelsteine, an oratorio. Die Bim- 



302 



Lossius 

melfahrt Christi, overtures, songs, etc. 
Ref.: II. 379; III. 20f; IX. 81, 221, 423; 

V. 228; mus. ex., XIII. 259. 
LOSSITIS, liUkas (1508-1582): b. 

Bacha, Hesse, d. Ltineburg, where he 
"was rector of the Johanneum from 
1540; author of Erotemata musicae 
practicae (1563), Psalmodta, hoc est 
cantica sacra veteris ecclesiae selecta 
(1553), Epitaphia principum (1580). 

liOSCHHORjr, Albert (1819-1905) : 
b. Berlin, d. there; pianist and com- 
poser; studied with Ludwlg Berger, 
also with Grell, A. W. Bach and Kil- 
litschgy at the Royal Institute for 
Church Music; succeeded the latter as 
teacher of piano in the same institu- 
tion, 1851, becoming professor in 1858. 
His works include a great quantity of 
piano music : studies, sonatas, suites, 
quartets and especially many salon 
pieces. 

liOTI, Pierre, French novelist. Ret.: 
III. 314; VIII. 105; IX. 454; X. 28. 

LOTTI, Antonio (ca. 1667-1740) : b. 
Venice, d. there; organist and com- 
poser; pupil of Legrenzi at Venice, 
chorister at St. Mark's; from 1717 or- 
ganist, then maestro di cappella there; 
in 1717-19 he took a company of sing- 
ers to Dresden (on invitation of the 
crown prince), where he produced sev- 
eral operas. He was one of the most 
eminent composers of the Venetian 
school, standing between the older con- 
trapuntal school and the newer masters 
(A. Scarlatti, Handel, etc.). Besides 
some 20 operas he composed, Duettiy 
terzetti e madrigali (his only pub. 
work, 1705), and church music (4 ora- 
torios, many masses, motets. Misereres, 
etc.), which constitute the most im- 
portant of his works, among them a 
Miserere in 4 parts with a Cruciflxus 
in 12. Ref.: I. 346, 479; VII. 108; IX. 
20; mus. ex., XIII. 127. 

liOTZ: improved the basset-horn in 
1782. Ref.: VIII. 97. 

LOUIS (1) the Debonair. Ref.: VI. 
400. (2) XII, King of France. Ref.: 

VI. 50. (3) II, King of Hungary. Ref.: 
III. 187. (4) XIV, King of France. 
Ref.: I. 405, 410; II. 47; VII. 7, 52; IX, 
16, 24; X. g6f, 145. (5) XV. Ref.: 
X. 86f, 88, 145, 147, 148. (6) XVI, 
King of France. Ref.: IX. 88. (7) 
XVIII, King of France. Ref.: II. 198. 

LOUIS, Rudolf (1870- ) : b. 
Schwetzingen ; studied in Geneva and 
Vienna, with Fr. Klose; was with Mottl 
in Karlsruhe, then became theatre 
Kapellmeister at Landshut and Lii- 
beck; succeeded H. Forges as critic of 
the Neueste Nachrichten in Munich. 
Among his works are Der Widerspruch 
in der Musik (1893) ; Die deutsche Uu- 
sik der Gegenwart (1909) ; also much 
biographical matter. 

liOUIS - FERDIIVAND, Prince of 
Prussia (correctly Lndivig Friedricli 
Christian) (1772-1806) : b. near Berlin, 
d. Saalfeld; brother of Friedrich II; 
somewhat of a musician, great admirer 



Iittbeck 

of Beethoven; composed a quintet for 
piano and string quartet; an octet for 
piano, clarinet, 2 horns, 2 violins and 
2 'cellos; a nocturne for piano, flute 
and string trio, etc. 

LOUIS-PHILIPPE, King of France. 
Ref.: II. 190. 

LOULIfi:, £tienne (17th-18th cent.) : 
the music teacher of Mile, de Guise; is 
regarded as the real Inventor of the 
metronome, his chronometre being con- 
structed similar to the pocket metro- 
nome of to-day (a string pendulum 
with a scale of 72 different grades of 
speed) ; also constructed a kind of 
monochord for the use of piano tuners, 
called sonometre. He wrote tliments 
de musique (1696) ; Abrigi des prin- 
cipes musique (1696) and Nouveau 
systime de musique (1698), which de- 
scribe his inventions. 

LOUYS, Pierre, French author. 
Ref.: IX. 502. 

LOVE, Charles (18th cent.) : pioneer 
musician in America. Ref. : IV. 64. 

LOW, Joseph (1834-1886) : b. Prague, 
d. there; composer of salon pieces and 
piano studies. 

LO^VB. See also Loewe. 

LOVt^E, Ferdinand (1865- ) : b. 
Vienna; studied with Bruckner and 
Dachs at the Vienna Cons.; became 
piano teacher there ; conductor of the 
Kaim Orchestra, Munich, 1897; court 
opera concert-master in Vienna, 1898; 
director of the newly-founded Vienna 
Konzertverein, 1904. 

LOZZI, Antonio: contemp. Italian 
composer of operas, prod. Emma Liona 
(Venice, 1895) ; Malata (Bologna, 1896) ; 
Le Vergini (Rome, 1900) ; and Mirando- 
lina (Turin, 1904). 

LCBECK (1) Vincentins (1654- 
1740) : b. near Bremen, d. Hamburg ; 
one of the foremost organists of North 
Germany of his time; organist of the 
Nikolaikirche, Hamburg. His works 
include a suite for clavier, etc. (2) 
Johann Heinrlch (1799-1865) : b. Al- 
phen, Holland, d. the Hague; a promi- 
nent exponent of old Netherland music; 
studied theory at Potsdam; in the or- 
chestra of the theatres at Riga and 
Stettin, returned to Holland, 1823, 
where he became famous as a violin 
virtuoso; was made chief of the newly 
founded conservatory at The Hague, 
1827; court Kapellmeister, 1829; a 
brilliant teacher. His works include a 
noteworthy psalm for solo, choir and 
orchestra (presented at the music festi- 
val at The Hague, 1863), etc. (3) Ernst 
(1829-1876): b. the Hague, d. Paris; 
son and pupil of (2) ; brilliant pianist; 
toured America with Franz Coenen, 
1850-54; then settled in Paris and 
opened a music store. (4) Louis 
(1838-1904) : b. the Hague, d. Berlin ; 
son of (2); 'cellist; studied with Jac- 
quard, in Paris; became teacher of the 
violoncello at the Leipzig Conservatory, 
1863-70; member of the Berlin court 
orcliestra. 



303 



IJucas 

liUCAS (1) Charles (1808-1869): b. 
Salisbury, d. London; studied at the 
Royal Academy of Music, where he was 
orchestral conductor in 1832; 'cellist 
at the Royal Opera, organist at Hanover 
Chapel, and ad interim conductor of 
the Choral Harmonists' Society, 1840- 
43, of the Ancient Concerts, and 1859- 
66 director of the Royal Academy of 
Music; partner in the publishing house 
of Addison, Hollier and Lucas. He 
composed 3 symphonies, string quar- 
tets, songs, anUiems and an opera, *The 
Regicide.' (2) Stanley (1834-1903): d. 
London; music publisher; secretary of 
Leslie's choir and of the Royal Society 
of Musicians and the Philharmonic So- 
ciety. (3) Clarenee (1866- ) : b. 
near Niagara, Canada; pupil of Marty 
and Dubois in Paris, teacher at the 
Toronto College of Music; conductor 
at Hamilton, Ontario, teacher at the 
Utica (N. Y.) Cons, and conductor of 
a choral society there. L. has been 
music critic in London since 1893, and 
1902-4 conducted the Westminster Or- 
chestral Society. He "wrote a number of 
operas, oratorios, cantatas, overtures 
and other orchestral pieces, piano pieces 
and songs. He wrote a 'Story of Mu- 
sical Form' (1908). 

LUCATEIiliO, Elttore, contemporary 
Italian composer of operas; prod. 
Carmilla la Zingara (Polesella, 1897) ; 
Colpa e pena (1897) ; La fioraja (1898) ; 
Yittime (Venice, 1900); and 11 Giallare 
(Castelfranco, 1907). 

LUCCA, Pauline (1841-1908) : b. Vi- 
enna, d. there; opera singer, soprano; 
studied with Uffmann and Lewy at 
Vienna; member of the chorus of the 
court opera, Vienna; finally was en- 
gaged by the court opera at Berlin, 
where she remained all her life ; be- 
came very popular there, especially in 
the roles of Carmen and Selica in 
L'Africaine. In 1872 she toured Europe 
and America with success. 

liUCCEIA, Roman dancer. Be/.; 
X. 77. 

LUCCHBSI, Andrea (1741-1800) : b. 
Motta, Venetia, d. Italy; came to Bonn 
as director of an Italian opera troupe, 
1771, where he functioned during Beet- 
hoven's youth, and where he became 
engaged as Kapellmeister, 1774-94; 
composer of symphonies, violin sonatas, 
cantatas, church songs and operas. (2) 
G. M. (18th cent.) : violinist of the 
Paduan School. Ref.: VII. 404. 

LUCIAN. Ref.: (cited) X. Ill, 14, 52, 
54, 63, 64, 65. 

LtJCK, Stephan (1806-1883): b. 
Linz on the Rhine, d. Treves; studied 
in Linz, Bonn, and Treves, took orders, 
became chaplain at Kreuznach, priest 
in Waldalgesheim, professor of moral 
theology at the Treves clerical semi- 
nary, then canon of the cathedral there. 
He pub. Gesang- und Gebetbuch fiir die 
Diocese Trier (1846), Theoretisch-prak- 
tische Anleitung zur Herstellung eines 
wurdigen Kirchengesanges (1836, 1858), 



Ijully 

and Sammlung ausgezeichneter Kom- 
posttionen fiir die Kirche (1859, 2nd 
ed. by M. Hermesdorff, 1884, and H. 
Oberhoffer, 1885). 

liUDERS, Gustav, contemp. German- 
American composer of musical com- 
edies. Ref.: IV. 461f. 

L.UDWIG (1) Otto (1813-1865) : b, 
Eisfeld, Thuringia, d. Dresden; famous 
poet, but also composer. His musical 
works include the opera. Die Kohlerin, 
and many others; also songs and can- 
tatas. (2) August (1865- ) : b. 
Waldheim, Saxony; studied at the con- 
servatories of Cologne and Munich; 
composer of much orchestral music, also 
piano pieces, songs, etc. Has also writ- 
ten many musical works, among which 
are Der Konzertagent (1894) ; Stachel 
und Lorbeer (1897). (3) Hermann. 
See Jan. (4) Frledrlcb (1872- ): 
b. Potsdam; studied musical history 
at Marburg and Strassburg. L. has 
written on musical subjects and is spe- 
cial authority on the music of the 13th 
and 14th centuries. 

LtJDWIG (1) the Pious. Ref.: V. 
131. (2) King of Wurttemberg. Ref.: 
II. 235. (3) II, King of Bavaria. Ref.: 
IL 419. 

LUPT, Heinrlch (1813-1868): b. 
Magdeburg, d. there; studied with A. 
Milhling; music teacher in Lithuania; 
solo oboist of the Imperial Orchestra, 
St. Petersburg, 1839-60; composer for 
oboe. 

liTJGANA, Count Lulgi (19th cent.) : 
librettist of Le Donne curiose (Wolf- 
Ferrari). Ref.: IX. 498. 

liUGERT, Josef (1841- ) : b. 
Frohnau, Bohemia ; finished his musical 
education at the organ school at 
Prague; became violinist in the or- 
chestra of the German National The- 
atre, and, in 1868, teacher of piano and 
musical history at the Prague Cons.; 
became music inspector, 1905. He has 
composed orchestral music, a serenade 
for a string quartet, piano quartet and 
trio, etc. 

LTJIGINI, Alexandre (1850-1906): b. 
Lyons, d. Paris; studied with Masse- 
net and Savard at the Conservatoire; 
chief nausical director of the Grand 
Theatre at Lyons, 1877; same of the 
Opera Comique, Paris, 1897. He com- 
posed a number of comic operas, bal- 
lets and some chamber music. 

LiVIZ, Infanta of Spain. Ref.: II. 70. 

LULL, Ramon (1232-1315) : b. Mal- 
lorca, d. Bougie, Algiers; author of 
Ars generalis, Ars magna generalis et 
ultima, in which he applies his heu- 
ristic method also to music, though he 
exerted no influence on the art itself. 
His works have been partly reprinted 
various times since 1489. 

XULLY (or Lulli), Jean-Baptiste 
Ide] (1633-1687): b. Florence, d. Paris; 
taken to Paris by the Chevalier de 
Guise; later, through the Count de No- 
gent, secured a position as violinist in 
the private band of Mile, de Montpen- 



304 



Lumbye 

sier, who expelled him for setting mu- 
sic to a satirical poem reflecting on 
herself; studied the harpsichord and 
composition -with Mitru, Roberdet and 
Glgault, and was admitted to the 
King's private orchestra; was made 
head of the corps of twenty-four violins 
in 1652; organized a second corps, les 
petits violins, which became the finest 
orchestra in France; appointed court 
composer in 1653 and wrote masques 
and ballets in which he himself ap- 
peared as M. Baptiste. L. was a great 
favorite of Louis XTV, who gave him 
letters patent in 1672 for the estab- 
lishment of an Academic royale de mu- 
sique, now the Grand Opira; there- 
after devoted himself to the theatre and 
became the real creator of French op- 
era. His works include the 'pastoral' 
Les fetes de I'Amour et de Bacchus 
(1672; a pasticcio from his earlier bal- 
lets and masques) ; Cadmus et Hermi- 
one, lyric tragedy (1673) ; Alceste, ou 
le triomphe d'Alcide (1674) ; Thisie 
(1675) ; Le Carnaval, opera ballet 
(1675); Atgs, lyric tragedy; Isis, 
'tragedie opera' (1677) ; Psyche, lyric 
tragedy (1678) ; Bellirophon, opera 
(1679) ; Proserpine, lyric tragedy 
(1680) ; Le triomphe de I'Amour, opera 
ballet (1681) ; Persie, lyric tragedy 
(1682) ; Phaeton, lyric tragedy (1683) ; 
Amadis de Gaule, lyric tragedy (1683) ; 
Roland, lyric tragedy (1685); L'Idylle 
de la Paix, ou I'iglogue de Versailles, 
divertissement (1685) ; Le Temple de 
la Paix, opera ballet (1685) ; Armide et 
Renaud, lyric tragedy (1686) ; Acts et 
Galatie, heroic pastoral (1686) ; parts 
of Act I of Achille et Polgxine, lyric 
tragedy (1687 ; written with Colasse) ; 
also music to many ballets, masques, 
etc., symphonies, trios, airs for violin, 
a Te Deum, a Miserere, a four-part 
mass a cappella, motets, etc. Most 
of L.'s operas have been published by 
Breitkopf & Hartel in Chefs d'ceuvres 
classiques de I'-opira franfais; Armide 
et Renaud has been published (full 
score and piano score) in Eitner's 
Monatschefte fur Musikgeschichte, vol. 
XIV. Ref.: 1. 382, Meff, 414; II. 21; 
(influence on German composers) I. 415, 
426; II. 52; VII. 7, 393; VIII. 30, 133, 
324; IX. X, 23 ff, 28, 47, 59, 68, 237; X. 
86, 87, 147, 148; mus. ex., XIII. 63; 
portrait, I. 408. „„^„ 

L.TJMBYE, Hans Christian (1810- 
1874) : b. Copenhagen, d. there; popular 
Danish composer of dance music; 
sometimes called 'the Strauss of the 
North'; directed his own orchestra in 
the Tivoll, Copenhagen, also on tour. 

LUND, John, conductor; chorus mas- 
ter and assistant to Leopold Damrosch 
at the Met. Opera, New York; conductor 
at Thalia Theatre, New York, 1885. 
Ref.: rv. 139. , ,.„„ 

liUNN (1) Henry Charles (1817- 
1894) : b. London, d. there; studied at 
the Royal Academy of Music, 1835-43; 
later teacher, finally director, of the 



liiistner 

same institution; edited the 'Musical 
Times,' 1863-87; author of 'Musings of 
a Musician' (1846) and 'The Elements 
of Music' (1849). (2) John Robert 
(1831-1899): b. Worcester, d. Crafton, 
Yorkshire; composer of church music. 
(3) Charles (1838-1906) : b. Birming- 
ham, d. there ; brother of (2) ; popular 
singer, trained in Italy, also teacher of 
singing; author of 'The Philosophy of 
Voice' (1874, 10th ed., 1906); 'Vox 
Populi' (1880) ; also many articles in 
periodicals. 

LUPOHINI, Gnstav (1865- ): b. 
Lucca; composer of the operas Idispetti 
amorosi (1894), La collana di Pasqua 
(1896) and Nora (1908). 

lillPOT, NikolauB (1758-1824) : b. 
Stuttgart, d. Paris; famous French vio- 
lin maker, sometimes called 'the French 
Stradivarius' ; his father, a pupil of 
Guameri, lived 12 years as court violin 
maker in Stuttgart, where the boy was 
born. His violins now bring very high 
prices. 

LiUSCINIUS (Latinized form of 
Naebtgall or Nachtlgall), Othmar 
(1487-1536) : b. Strassburg, d. there; 
theologian and musical theorist; organ- 
ist at Strassburg; preacher in Augsburg 
and Basle, but escaped to Freiburg 
(Bavaria) on the approach of the 
Reformation. He pub. Institutiones 
musicae (1515) and a Latin transl. of 
Virdung's Musica getutscht, entitled 
Musurgia, seu praxis musicae (1536 and 
1542). Ref.: VI. 427. 

LUSSY, Mathls (1828-1910): b. 
Stans, Switzerland, d. Montreux; stud- 
led with Abb6 Businger; was a bril- 
liant piano teacher in Paris. He is 
the author of Exercices de micanisme 
(1863) ; Traiti de I'expression musicale 
(1873), etc. 

liirSTIG, Jakob \irillielm (1706- 
1796) : b. Hamburg, d. Groningen, 
where he was organist from 1728; au- 
thor of Muzgkale Sprakkonst (1754) ; 
Mleidung tot de Muzykkunde (1751), 
Samenspraaken Oder muzykaale oe- 
ginseln (1756), Harmonische Wegwijzer 
(1778) ; translated various works on 
music Into Dutch; pub. 12 piano 

l,t7STNEB (1) Isnaz Peter (1793- 
1873) : b. near Jauer, d. Breslau ; bril- 
liant violinist; concert-master in Bres- 
lau, where he founded a violin school. 
(2) Karl (1834-1906): b. Breslau, d. 
Wiesbaden; son of (1); 'cellist; in the 
Kur-Orchester and piano teacher in 
Wiesbaden from 1872. (3) Otto (1839- 
1889): b. Breslau, d. Barmen; violinist; 
son of (1) ; leader of the string quartet 
of Count Stolberg in Wemigerode ; court 
concert-master in Sondershausen, 1875- 
77. (4) Louis (1840- ): b. Breslau; 
sou and pupil of (1); violinist; city. 
Kapellmeister in Wiesbaden; Royal 
Musikdirektor, and conductor of the 
Singakademie. (5) Georg (1847-1887): 
b. Berlin, d. there; son of (1); 'celUst. 
(6) Richard (1854- ): b. Breslau: 



305 



liUther 

son of (1) ; harpist and violinist. 

L,UTHER, Martin (1483-1546): b. 
Eisleben, d. there; the great reformer, 
who undertook to remodel the musical 
services of the church incidentally to 
his other work, embodied his ideas in 
his Formula missae (1523), and in his 
order for the German Mass, first sung 
at Wittenberg, on Christmas Day, 1524. 
According to Johann Walther, he in- 
vented chorale tunes on the flute; com- 
posed the chorale tunes Ein* feste Burg 
ist unser Gott and Jesaia dem Pro- 
pheten das geschah; many others are 
attributed to him. He wrote or ar- 
ranged the words of many chorales. 
Ref.: I. 255, 288ff; V. 147; VI. 53, 89, 
90, 175ir, 236f, 484; portrait, VI. 80. 

liUTKIX, Peter Christian (1858-) : 
b. Thompsonville, Wisconsin; organ- 
ist and teacher; studied Chicago, Berlin 
and Vienna; organist Cathedral of SS. 
Peter and Paul, Chicago (1871-81), St. 
James Church (1891-96) ; director the- 
oretical department, American Cons, of 
Music, Chicago; professor of music, 
since 1897 dean School of Music, North- 
western Univ.; conductor musical clubs 
and Chicago North Shore Festival 
Assn. (1909) ; lecturer on church mu- 
sic; contributor to musical magazines; 
composer of church music; author of 
'Music in the Church.' Ref.: TV. 253f. 

LCTSCHG (1) Karl (1839-1899) : b. 
St. Petersburg, d. Blankenburg; studied 
with Kiel, Richter, Kroll, Moscheles, 
and Henselt; assistant to Dreyschock at 
the St. Petersburg Cons.; pub. several 
teaching editions of classical and mod- 
ern text-books, and a volume, Klavier- 
Technik. (2) Waldemar (1877- ): 
b. St. Petersburg; son and pupil of 
(1); concert pianist; teacher at the 
Chicago Musical College, 1905-6. 

I,UX, Frledrlch (1820-1895) : b. 
Buhla, Thuringia, d. Mainz; brilliant 
organist, director and composer; stud- 
ied with Fr. Schneider in Dessau; be- 
came director of the court theatre 
there, 1841 ; Kapellmeister of the Stadt- 
theater, Mainz, 1851-77; wrote much 
orchestral music, also three operas, a 
dramatic scene, songs, etc. 

liUYTHON, Charles (Lnyton, Lm- 
ton) ([7]-1620): b. Antwerp, d. Prague; 
celebrated organist; court organist at 
Prague; wrote masses, sacred songs, 
a book of madrigals, etc., little of his 
organ music being known. 



Iiyvovsky 

LWOFF, Alexis (1799-1871): b. Re- 
val, d. near Kovno; adjutant of Czar 
Nicholas; brilliant violinist; director 
of the court music. His works include 
the operas Bianca e Gualtiero (Dresden, 
1844); Undine (St. Petersburg, 1846); 
Der DoTfschulze Boris (St. Petersburg, 
1854) ; also an operetta, Barbara; violin 
concertos, a fantasy, Le duel, for violin 
and 'cello; 24 caprices; church music, 
for chorus and orchestra; also com- 
posed the music to the Russian national 
anthem (1833^ ; harmonized many of 
the old Russian church songs; and 
wrote 'The Free and Unsymmetrical 
Rhythms of the Old Russian Church 
Chant' (1859) ; also published a violin 
method. 

L.YOIV (1) James (d. 1794) : Ameri- 
can clergyman and singing teacher, who 
composed anthems and odes, one of 
which, written at Princeton in 1759, con- 
stitutes one of two earliest recorded 
American compositions (Cf. Hopkin- 
son, Francis). (2) James: contemp. 
organist at Liverpool; composer of or- 
chestral works, organ pieces, vocal 
pieces, church services, etc.; author of 
technical treatises. Ref.: III. 442. 

LiYRA, Justus Wilhelm (1822-1873) : 
b. Osnabriick, d. Gehrden, Hanover; 
composer of popular songs, one of 
which Is Der Mai ist gekommen. L. 
has also written some music for the 
Evangelical Church. 

liYSBBRG, Charles Samnel (Bovy) 
(1821-1873) : b. Geneva, d. there; bril- 
liant pianist and prolific salon com- 
poser (nocturnes, caprices, waltzes, a 
romantic sonata, etc.) ; studied with 
Chopin in Paris, then became teacher 
in the Geneva Cons.; also produced one 
opera, La fllle du carilloneur (Geneva, 
1854). 

LYSBR, Johann Peter (1803-1870); 
b. Flensburg, d. Hamburg; determined 
to become a musician, but, becoming 
deaf at the age of 16, turned to paint- 
ing and writing. Yet even in his 
paintings and novels his love of music 
showed itself. He pub. Musikalisches 
Bilder-ABC (1850), etc., and was es- 
pecially known in the music world on 
account of his excellent caricatures of 
Beethoven. Ref.: (caricature by) II. 
170. 

LYVOVSKY, G. F. (1830-1894) : Rus- 
sian composer of church music. Ref.: 
III. 143. 



306 



ADDENDA FOR BOOK I (A-L) 



Abendroth 

ABENDROTH, Hermann (1883-) 
b. Frankfort; at first a book- 
seller; then studied with Ludwig 
Thuille and A. Langenhan-Hirzel and 
became conductor of the Orchesterver- 
ein In Munich, Kapellmeister of the 
Society of the Friends of Music in 
Liibeck and first Kapellmeister at the 
Stadttheater there; since 1911 municipal 
Kapellmeister at Essen. 

ADAM (1) (15th cent.): 

presumably a French composer, of 
■whose works some chansons are pre- 
served in Oxford (Cod. Can. 213). 
These were reprinted by Stainer in 
Dufay and his contemporaries. 

AGOSTIJVO (4) Mezio (1875- ): 
b. Fano; studied with his father, Mario 
Vital!, and at Liceo Rossini, Pesaro, 
under Pedrotti, etc.; theatre conductor 
in Italian and other towns, harmony 
professor at the Liceo Rossini, 1900, 
director of Milan Cons, (successor to 
Wolf-Ferrari). He composed a symi- 
phony, 4 orch. suites, a string quartet, 

2 trios (No. 1 (F maj.] prize-crowned 
in Paris), piano pieces, songs, a can- 
tata A Rossini, and operas including 
II cavaliere del sogno (prize, 1896, at 
Fano). 

AICHINGER, Gre^or. Add that he 
was organist at St. UTrich and Afra, in 
the service of Jakob Fugger in Augs- 
burg, and made several journeys to 
Italy for study. His works include 3 
books of Sacrae cantiones i-10 v. (1590, 
1595; 1597, Venice and Nuremberg), 
Cantiones ecclesiasticae 3-i v. c. B.C. 
(1607), Cantiones 2-5 v. c. B.C. (1609), 
Fasciculus sacr. harm. 4 v. (1606, with 

3 ricercari), Lacrumae D. Yirginis et 
Johannis 5-6 v. (1604, etc.), Tricinia 
Mariana (1598), Divinae laades 3 v. (2 
parts, 1602, 1608), Sacrae Dei laades 
(1609, 2 parts), Quercus Dodonea 3-i v. 
(1619), Offlctum angeli custodis i v. 
(1617), Ofjlcium pro defunctis 5 v. 
(1615), Uissae 5 v. (1606), 3 4- to 6-part 
masses (1616), Magnificat (1603) Vir- 
ginalia (1607), Vulnera Christi i et 3 v. 
(1606-7), Sacra offlcia i v., 21 German 
church songs (1609), etc. 

AliBAN, Matthias. Add that his 
sons Michael (in Graz, 1677-1730), and 
Joseph (in Bozen, 1680-1722) were also 
violin builders of renown. A Joseph 
Anton Alban worked in Bozen ca. 1750. 

AI/PONSO DEL,L.A VIOIjA (16th 
cent.) : musician at the court of Fer- 



307 



Anerio 

rara; pub. 2 books of 4-part madrigals 
(1539-40) and wrote music interpolated 
in dramas. 

[d'] AMBROSIO, Alfredo (1871- 
1915) : b. Naples, d. Nice; violinist and 
composer; pupil of Bossl at the Na- 
ples Cons., of Sarasate in Madrid and 
Wilhelmj in London; teacher, leader of 
a string quartet In Nice; composed an 
opera, a ballet, a string quartet, a 
string quintet, 2 violin concertos and 
numerous romances, etc., for violin. 

AMPT, Georg (1873- ) : Add that 
he became Royal Muslkdirektor In 1913. 

AKCONA, Mario (1870- ) : b. 
Florence; dramatic baritone; aban- 
doned diplomacy for music and made 
his debut in Trieste as Scindia in Mas- 
senet's Le Roi de Lahore: later sang 
in chief opera houses of Italy, at Covent 
Garden, at the Metropolitan and Man- 
hattan Opera houses, New York, and in 
Spain, Portugal, Russia and Buenos 
Aires; has sung over 60 roles (includ- 
ing Wagnerian roles in German). 

ANDREW, Volkmar: Add that he 
was made director of the Zurich Cons, 
in 1914, and in the same year attained 
the Venia legendi at Zurich Univ. His 
music to Heine's Ratcliff was prod, at 
Essen (Tonkiinstlerfest) in 1914. 

ANDREINI, Giovanni Battista 
(1578-[?]) : b. Florence, son of Fran- 
cesco A. and Isabella Canali (both 
singers) ; was called to Paris by Maria 
de' Medici with the Fedeli troupe in 
1613, together with his wife Virginia 
Ramponi, whose fame dated from 1608, 
when, on short notice, she took the 
place of the Romanino (who had died 
suddenly) in Monteverdi's Ariana. 
Both A. and his wife became great fa- 
vorites in Paris and frequently re- 
turned, as late as the time of Rossi's 
Orfeo in 1647. A. wrote the text and, 
with Monteverdi, M. EfTrem and Sal. 
Rossi, the music of the 'Azione sacra' 
Maddalena (Venice, 1617), also other 
texts for some of the first operas. 

ANERIO (1) Felice: Add that he 
collaborated with F. Suriano (q.v.) in 
the revision of the Gradual (Editio 
Medicaea) . Several of his compositions 
have long been ascribed to Palestrina. 
Of his works were printed 2 books of 
Sacri hymni et cantica (5-8 part, 1596, 
1602), 1 book 4-part Responsoria (1606), 
1 book 5-part Madrigali spiritaali 
(1585), 1 book 8-part madrigals (1598), 



[d'JArienzo 



ADDENDA 



[d']Anvergne 



2 books of 5-part do. (1587 [2nd ed.], 
1585) and 6-part do. (1590), 1 book of 
4-part canzonets (1586), others in col- 
lections. He also pub. Gioje, madrigali 
5 V. di diversi (1589). (2) Giovanni 
Francesco: Add that he was probably 
a brother of (1) ; before becoming 
maestro at Verona Cathedral (1610), he 
was In the service of Sigismund III of 
Poland, and afterwards (1613-20) maes- 
tro di cappella at the Jesuit Church of 
S. Maria di Monti in Rome. He be- 
came a priest at the age of 49. His 
earliest printed works are a book of 5- 
part madrigals (1599), a book of 4-part 
galliards in tablature, a Dtalogo pas- 
torale al presepio in tablature. Besides 
these there are 3 books of madrigals 
(5-6 part, 1608; 1-2 part, 1611; 1-4 part, 
1617), a book of 1-4 part motets, madri- 
gals, canzonets, dialogues and arias 
(Selva armonica, 1617), a book of 1-3 
part arias, canzonets and madrigals (La 
bella Clori armonica, 1619) and Teatro 
armonico spirituale (5-8 part sacred 
madrigals. Biblical dialogues, etc.), 
which has important bearing on the 
early history of the oratorio. Of his 
church works there have also been 
traced a book of 4-6 part masses, 3 
books of motets (1-6 part with cont., 
1609, 1611, 1613 [also litanies]), 5 books 
of Sacrae cantiones (2-6 part with cont., 
1613-18), 7-8 part litanies and antiphons 
(1611), Responsoria de nativttate do- 
mini Venite exultemus . . , Te deum 
(3-8 part, 1614), Ghirlanda di sacre 
rose (5 part, 1619), 3-4 part vesper 
psalms and 4-part Cantica B.M.V. 
(1620), also scattered works in collec- 
tions. 

[d']ARIi:NZO, Nicola. Add the ti- 
tles of his operas: La fldanzata del 
perruchiere (Naples, 1860), / due mariti 
(1866), Le rose (1866), H cacciatore 
delle Alpi (1869), II cuoco (1873), La 
flglia del dlavolo (seria, 1879), La fiera 
(1887), / viaggi (1875); Lesbo di Rodlo 
and Capitan Fracassa (not prod.). He 
also wrote 2 quartets, 1 ouintet, 1 
nonet, 2 'cello concertos, 2 violin con- 
certos, a canonic piano sonata, other 
piano pieces, a 5-part Miserere (a cap- 
pella), a 6-part Stabat Mater, w. organ 
and strings, Christo sulla croce (soli, 
chor. and orch.), 2 symphonies, orch. 
pieces, choral works w. orch., etc. His 
theoretical writings include II sistema 
tetracordale nella musica moderna 
(1878), and Scuola di composizione mu- 
sicale (1899), also historical studies on 
Gesualdo di Venosa (1891), early comic 
opera, early and modern opera, etc. 
He is the teacher of Leoncavallo, di 
Nardi, etc., etc. 

ARIOSTI, Attillo: Add that from 
Berlin he went to the court of the Duke 
of Anjou, then gained the favor of Em- 
peror Joseph, and became his general 
agent for Italy, but had to relinquish 
his patent on the Emperor's death. He 
returned to his monastery in 1712, and 



308 



travelled in South Germany, to Paris 
and to London, 1715-16. 
ARMBRVSTBR, Karl. He was an 

enthusiastic Wagnerian; settled in 
London 1863 and became an Important 
factor among the progressive element 
there; was associated with H. Richter 
in the London Wagner productions, 
conductor at the Haymarket, later 
Drury Lane; prod. Tristan at Covent 
Garden, lectured on modern composers 
in England and America; stage con- 
ductor in Bayreuth, 1884-94; musical 
advisor to the London County Coimcil. 
He edited songs of Liszt, ballades of 
Loewe and 4 books of 'Wagner Lyrics.' 

ARMSTRONG (2) William Dawson 
(1868- ) : b. Alton, 111., pupil of 
Clarence Eddy, etc.; organist and 
teacher in St. Louis and in Alton, 111., 
composed 2 operas, 'The Spectre 
Bridegroom' and 'Claudia,' operettas, 
etc. 

ARRIOIiA, [Pepito] Rodrlsnez 
(1896- ) : b. Coruna, Spain ; a mu- 
sical prodigy at 4 years of age, pupil of 
Nikisch. 

ARS, or Volkov [Nikolai] Andre- 
levltclt (1857- ): b. Moscow; stud- 
ied in Geneva and Milan; composed a 
symphonic poem, a waltz, polonaise 
for violin and orch.; translated Ge- 
vaert and Kastner into Russian. 

ATTEGNATi! family of famous 
Italian organ builders. Ref.: VI, 405. 

AUBBRT, I/ouls Franeois Marie 
(1877- ); b. Param^; pupil of Dim- 
mer and Faur6 at the Paris Cons. ; pub- 
lished several collections of songs; fan- 
tasy for piano and orch., an opera La 
Foret Bleue (1906; in Boston, 1913). 
He writes in an idion akin to that of 
Debussy. Ref.: III. 363. 

ATJBRY, Pierre (1874-1910): b. 
Paris, d. Dieppe; professor of oriental 
languages, head oi the department of 
music in the £cole des hautes etudes 
sociales, author of several essays on 
mediaeval and Oriental music, also 
numerous contributions to the Mercure 
m^usical, many of which were later 
published separately. 

AUSTIN, Ernest (1874- ): b. 
London; brother of Frederick A. 
(q.v.) ; abandoned a commercial ca- 
reer; from 1907 became known as com- 
poser of ultra-modem tendency. He 
pub. 2 piano trios with wind instr., 2 
piano trios with strings; orch. varia- 
tions, op. 34: 'Don Quichote's Love 
Songs' for soh, chor. and orch.; Music 
Poems, a sonata, etc., for piano; Music 
Poems for piano with strings, also with 
wind instr., and songs. 

[d'lATJVERGNE, Antoinet Add 
that from 1763 he wrote motets for the 
Concerts spirituels. His trio sonatas 
were pub. (as op. 1) in 1739, others 
(op. 4) in 1751, solo violin sonatas w. 
bass (op. 2) in 1739. He was made 
'Compositeur de I'Acadfimie Royale de 
Musique' by the King in 1776. 



Bach 

BACH, Johann Christian t Add that 
before becoming organist In Milan Catlie- 
dral lie was maestro di cappella In the 
house of Conte Agostino Litta in Milan, 
whither he went in 1754. His employer 
gave him leave and means to study 
counterpoint with Padre Martini in 
Bologna. He became a Catholic in 1760, 
when he became cathedral organist. 
His operas Catone in Utica, prod, in 
Milan (1758) and Naples (1761), and 
Alessandro nelle Indie, prod, in Naples 
(1762), as well as interpolations in 
other operas, besides masses, a Re- 
quiem, a Te Deum and motets, had 
spread his fame so that Paris publish- 
ers sought him, before he went to Lon- 
don in 1762. After producing his 
Orione (1763) and becoming music 
master to the queen he soon became 
the centre of London musical life, es- 
pecially by virtue of the subscription 
concerts conducted by him and C. F. 
Abel (q.v.). Given in the Hanover 
Square Rooms from 1775 the Hach-Abel 
concerts were to London what the Con- 
certs spirituels were to Paris. Aside 
from his 16 Italian and 4 French op- 
eras, 2 oratorios, arias, cantatas, chor- 
uses, canzonets, etc., B. wrote a great 
number of instrumental works (sym- 
phonies, including one for 2 orchestras, 
also concertante, many piano concertos, 
other concertos, quartets, quintets, trios 
with and without piano, sonatas for 
piano with violin, a piano sextet and 
maiiy piano solo works which had a 
great share in popularizing piano com- 
position), and it is in this field that 
his chief historical importance lies. He 
was one of the first developers of the 
new classic style inaugurated by Stam- 
itz and his school (contrast effects), 
and it is from him that young Mozart, 
during his London visits, learned some 
of the essentials of his style, notably 
the 'singing allegro,' originated by 
Pergolesi. Thus, while following quite 
different tendencies from those of his 
father, B.'s true merits have undoubt- 
edly been underestimated. 

BAND, Brlch (1876- ) : b. Berlin, 
where he studied piano and composi- 
tion at the Royal High School for Music, 
conductor in Mayence, Bremen and 
Rostock; Musikdirektor, 1905, became 
court Kapellmeister at the Stuttgart 
Hoftheater, also conductor of two 
choral societies. He pub. a sonata and 
other pieces for piano, a string quartet, 
romance for 'cello and orch., and 
songs; revised Auber's Domino noir, 
and wrote Zar Entwicklangsgeschichte 
des modernen Orchesters, etc. 

BANDINI, Primo (1857- ): b. 
Parma; studied there; composed 3 
operas, produced Parma, Milan, Turin. 

BARBARINO, Bartolomeo (early 
17th cent.) : b. Fabriano (Ancona) 
[hence called da Fabriano, but 'detto 
II. Pesabino'], was singer in the service 
of Honsignor G. della Revere in Padua, 



ADDENDA 



Barth 

1610, composer of motets with continuo 
(1610, 1614), 3-part madrigals with 
cont. (1617), 1- to 2-part canzonets with 
cont. (1616) and 4 books of madrigals 
for one voice and cont., on texts by 
Rinuccini, G. B. Marini, Rinaldini and 
other prominent poets of the period. 

BARBBL.LA, Bmanuele (1704- 
1773): b. Naples, d. there; son of 
Francesco B. (composer of sonatas for 
violin and bass), pupil of Leonardo 
Leo and Padre Martini; pub. trio sona- 
tas (2 V. and cont.) and melodious 
duets of violins, for violin and 'cello, 
also violin sonatas with cont. ; with 
Logroscino composed an opera, Elmira 
generosa (Naples, 1753). 

BARBI, Alice (1862- ) : b. Mo- 
dena; studied violin playing with her 
father, but adopted singing as a pro- 
fession, studying with Zamponi, Busl 
and Yannucini; made her d^but in 
Milan, 1882. She also wrote poems, 
some of which were set to music by 
Bozzini, and edited a valuable collec- 
tion of arias. She married Baron 
Wolff-Stomersen in 1897. 

BARBOUR, Florence Newell 

(1867-) : b. Providence, R. I. ; pianist, 
and composer of piano suites, piano 
duets, choruses for women's voices, 
children's songs, anthems, organ and 
chamber music. 

BARNEKOW, Christian (1837- 
1913) : b. St. Sauveur, French Pyrenees, 
of Danish parents, d. Copenhagen; 
studied with E. Helstedt there; pres- 
ident of the Society for the Publication 
of Danish Music, 1871-87, of the Copen- 
hagen Musical Society, 1895; professor, 
1891. He composed chamber music, 
idylls for string orch., 2 concert fan- 
tasies for organ, op. 28, organ preludes 
(4 books), 4-hand Humoresques for 
piano, and many vocal works, includ- 
ing 4 choruses for women's voices and 
orch., mixed and men's choruses, sacred 
choruses w. organ, cantatas, duets and 
songs (cycles), sacred songs and pop- 
ular melodies; edited 8 books of old 
sacred songs (J. C. F. Bach, C. P. E. 
Bach, J. A. P. Schultz) with organ, se- 
lected works of Buxtehude for piano 
4 hands, and pub. a chorale book (2 
parts, 1678 t6th ed.], 1892). 

BARNETT (4) Nevlll George (1854- 
1895) : b. London, d. Picton, New South 
Wales; studied organ with J. L. Hop- 
kins, organist in London, then in Syd- 
ney, Australia, where he was also mus. 
director of the Synagogue, teacher at 
the Institution for the Blind, and music 
critic for leading newspapers. He 
prod, an opera Pomare in Auckland 
and left In MS. 'The Art Theory of 
Harmony.' 

BARTH <7) Adolf Franz (1852-) : 
b. Alsleben-on-Saale ; studied med- 
icine and held clinical posts In 
Rostock and Berlin, where he prac- 
tised as ear specialist and also made 
researches In acoustics; then became 



309 



Bartosch 



ADDENDA 



Bayly 



head of a polyclinic at Marburg Univ., 
In 1895, at Breslau Univ., and 1896 at 
Leipzig Univ., where he devoted him- 
self chiefly to researches on vocal cul- 
ture and the breathing capacity of 
singers; also gave lectures on acoustics 
and physiology of the voice in Borch- 
ers' Courses for Vocal Teachers and 
Choral Conductors. He pub., aside 
from non-musical works, Zur Lehre 
von den Tonen und Gerduschen (1887), 
Bestimmung der Horschdrfe (1888), 
Dekrement abschwingender Stimmgab- 
eln (1888) and other essays in ana- 
tomical journals, etc., also Vber die 
Bildung der menschlichen Stimme 
(Leipzig, 1904) and Klang und Tonhohe 
der Sprechstimme (ib., 1906). (8) 
Hermann (1866- ): b. Luxemburg; 
preacher in Ruhlsdorf and Marien- 
werder; pub. /. S. Bach (1902), Ge- 
schichte der geistlichen Musik (1903), 
Fragwurdige Choral-melodien (1904), 

BARTOSCH, Karl (1877- ): b. 
Briinn; pupil of Otto Kitzler and of the 
Briinu Cons.; conductor at the theatres 
of Brunn, Heidelberg and Mannheim, 
where he became Musikdirektor and 
organist of the principal synagogue. 
He composed male choruses, songs, 
orch. pieces. Die Jungfraa for male 
chor. with orch. and organ, etc. 

BARTZ, Jobannes (1848- ) : b. 
Stargard, Pomerania; studied with 
Hauptmann and Reinecke at the Leip- 
zig Cons., organist at the Cliurch of St. 
Peter and St. Paul in Moscow from 
1872, and conductor of choruses. He 
, prod, an 'Evangelical Requiem,* etc. ; 
an opera 'The Sergeant,' an orch. suite, 
an oratorio, 'The Heavenly Messenger,' 
a string quartet; pub. 3 piano sonatas, 
a violin sonata, 12 motets, 12 books of 
popular songs, etc. 

BATHB, William (1564-1614) : b. 
Ireland, d. Madrid; author of a the- 
oretical work entitled 'A Brief Intro- 
duction to the True Art of Musicke' 
(1584), also 'A Brief Introduction to 
the Skill of Song' (1600), which is 
remarkable for its attempt to set cer- 
tain rules for the use of accidentals 
and as signalizing the change from the 
hexachord system to the octave scales. 
He also wrote a pedagogical work 
Janua linguarum (Salamanca, 1611), 
which in the main prefigures Commen- 
lus. B. became a Jesuit in Toumai in 
1591, took orders in 1599, and "was sub- 
sequently director of the Jesuit Col- 
leges in Lisbon and Salamanca. 

BATTKE, Max (1863- ): b. 
SchiiTuss, East Prussia, studied in 
Konigsberg and Berlin (Royal High 
School and Master School of the Acad- 
emy) ; teacher at the Stern Cons., the 
Konservatoriiun des Westens, and con- 
ductor of the Mozart Choir; founded a 
seminary for music in 1900, which in 
1910 became the 'Seminar ftir Schulge- 
sang.' In 1902 he founded the Jugend- 

3 



Konzerte. He wrote Elementarlehre der 
Musik (1898, 3rd ed., 1908), Primavista. 
eine Methode vom Blatt lu singen 
(1900, 4th ed., 1912, also Czechish) and 
other pedagogical works; also edited 3 
books of practice songs for mixed chor., 
women's chor. and male chor, and 
other collections, also, with Humper- 
dinck, a collection of piano music. 

BXUBRIiE}, Hermann (1869- ) : 
b. Ebersberg, Wilrttemberg, son of a 
teacher; ordained priest (1895); stud- 
ied under E. Kauifmann, and with 
Haberl at the Church Music School in 
Ratisbon; court chaplain, 1899; teacher 
of harmony and counterpoint at Ratis- 
bon, 1901; Dr. phil., 1906; honorary 
canon of Palestrina and Monsignore 
(1906), was exempted as court chaplain 
(1908) ; is now clergyman in Reut- 
lingendorf, Wilrttemberg; composed 
numerous sacred vocal pieces o cap- 
pella; wrote Palestrina muss popu- 
Idrer werden (1903) a Repetitorium der 
Harmonielehre (1902) ; edited (1903) 
Biblioihek alt-klassischer Kirchenmu- 
sik in moderner Notation (Palestrina, 
Lasso, Vittoria, J. J. Fux) ; author of 
Liturgie (theory of the Catholic cult, 
1908) ; Der Vatikanische Choral in 
Reformnotation (1907) ; pub. a Grad- 
uate parvum, Kyriale parvum and 
Kyriale missae in his reform-notation; 
composer of over 60 works (graduals, 
offertories, masses, etc.). 

BAUSSNERN, Waldemar von 
(1866- ): b. Berlin; pupil of Kiel 
and Bargiel at the Royal High School 
there; conductor of the Mannheim 
Musikverein and Lehrergesangverein, 
1891, of the Dresden Liedertafel, 1895, 
also the Dresden Bachverein and later 
the Chorverein; teacher at the Cologne 
Cons., 1903, and conductor of the Co- 
logne Tonkunstlerverein ; director of 
the Grand Ducal Music School in Wei- 
mar. He was made professor In 1910. 
B. composed Gesang der Sappho, for 
alto and orch., 3 symphonies (No. 3, 
Leben), an orch. ballade, an overture, 
a string quartet, a piano quintet, a 
piano quintet with strings, clarinet and 
horn, serenade for piano, violin and 
clarinet, a string sextet and other cham- 
ber music; vocal works (sop. or tenor) 
w. orch., mixed choruses a cappella, 8 
Kammergesdnge for high voice, string 
quartet, flute and clarinet, piano pieces 
and songs, also the operas Dichter und 
Welt (Weimar, 1897), Diirer in Yenedig 
(ib. 1901), Herbort and Hilde (Mann- 
heim, 1902) and Der Bundschuh 
(Frankfort, 1904) ; also a ballad cycle. 
B. edited for the complete edition of 
Cornelius' works 'The Barber of Bag- 
dad' and 'Cld,' also finished Gunlod 
(Cologne, 1906). 

BAYIiY, Anselm (1719-1794): b. 
Haresfield, d. London; member (1741) 
and subdeacon (1764) of the Chapel 
Royal there; wrote 'A Practical Treatise 
of Singing and Playing' (1771), 'The 





Bawr 



ADDENDA 



Alliance of Muslck, Poetry and Ora- 
tory" (1789) and pub. a collection of 
anthem texts ■with a preface on church 
music. 

BAWR, Alexandlne Sophie, Com- 
tesse de inee Baroness Champgrand) 
(1773-1860) : b. Paris, d. there; married 
Saint-Simon, 1789, then the Russian 
Count Bawr. She was a pupil of Grfi- 
try, pub. a Histotre de la musigne 
(1823, also German, 1826), and wrote 
romances, which became salon favor- 
ites. 

BEATTIE, James (1735-1803): b. 
Lawrencekirk, Scotland, d. Aberdeen; 
professor of moral philosophy; wrote 
'Essays on Poetry and Music as They 
Affect the Mind,' 1776 (1779), and 'Let- 
ter ... on the Improvement of Psalm- 
ody In Scotland, 1778' (1829). 

BECKER (12) Hugo (1864- ) : b. 
Strassburg; excellent quartet player; 
studied under his father, Jean B., Ka- 
nut, Kiindinger, Friedrich Griltzmacher, 
Sen., Karl Hess in Dresden, and with 
Piatti and Jules de Swerts; became solo 
"cellist of the opera orch. in Frankfort 
(1884-86) ; member of the Heermann 
quartet (1890-1906) ; teacher of 'cello 
and chamber music at the Hoch Con- 
servatory; since Piatti's death (1901) 
his successor as 'cellist of the London 
Monday Concerts; Royal professor 
(1896) ; member of the Stockholm Royal 
Academy (1902) ; succeeded Rob. Haus- 
mann as head teacher of 'cello at the 
Royal High School for Music in Berlin 
(1909). His playing Is distinguished 
by classic dignity and void of all vir- 
tuoso eccentricities. He composed a 
'cello concerto in A major (1898), vari- 
ations and pieces for 'cello; E. d' Al- 
bert, Bazzini, Chevillard and Dohn&nyi 
dedicated compositions to him. 

BECKMANN (1) 'Wilhelm Gustav 
(1865- ) : b. Bochum; pupil of Ra- 
decke and Loschhorn at the Royal In- 
stitute for Church Music in Berlin; 
school singing teacher there, then con- 
ductor of the Evangelical Church Choir 
there and in 1896 organist at the Kreuz- 
kirche in Essen; Royal Musikdirektor, 
1906; founded the Evangelical Organ- 
ists' Society for the Rhlneland and 
Westphalia, 1899, and the Society of 
Evangelical Church Musicians of Prus- 
sia, 1908 (Berlin). He pub. several 
hymn books, wrote (with Hackenberg 
and Klingemann) Grundsdtze nnd 
Richtlinien fur Pfarrer und Organisten 
(1911). 

BECKMAN. Bror (1866- ): b. 
Kristinehamn, Sweden; pupil of J. 
Lindegren; director of the Stockholm 
Conservatory (1904); composed orches- 
tral works (Symphony in F major, 
'Summer Nights,' for string orch.), vo- 
cal pieces with orch. and with piano, 
chamber music (violin sonata, op. 1) 
and pieces for piano. 

Behm, Ednard (1862- ): b. Stet- 
tin; studied at Leipzig Cons, and in 



311 



Bernoulli 

Berlin (Kiel, etc.), critic and teacher in 
Stettin, after some time in Vienna, 
teacher at the Erfurt Academy of Mu- 
sic, and director of the Schwantzer 
Conservatory, Berlin, till 1901. He 
composed a symphony, which won the 
Mendelssohn prize, a piano concerto, 
which won the Bbrsendorfer prize, also 
a trio, 2 violin sonatas, a clarinet quin- 
tet, a string sextet (with violotta), a 
violin concerto, a violin suite, 'Spring 
Idyir for orch., male choruses, songs, 
also 3 operas (Der Schelm von Bergen, 
1899 ; MoTlenkind, 1902) and Das Gelob- 
nis (1914). 

BEIER, Franz (1857-1914): b. Ber- 
lin; student and teacher at the Stem 
Cons. Dr. phtl., Rostock, 1883, with a 
study on Froberger, theatre chorus di- 
rector at Aachen and at Cassel, Royal 
Kapellmeister there in 1899. He prod, 
an operetta (1890) and a parody (1888) ; 
arranged Spohr's Kreuzfahrer. 

BEIiliAIGUE, Camille (1858- ) : 
b. Paris; studied law, also music with 
Paladilhe and Marmontel; became mu- 
sic critic of the Correspondant 1884, of 
the Revue des Deux Mondes in 1885; 
also contributor to Le Temps. His col- 
lected studies were pub. as L'ajinde 
musicale (1886-91, 5 vols.), Z.'ann^e 
muslcale et dramatique (1893), Vn sli- 
de de muslque franfalse (1887), Psy- 
chologle muslcale (1893), Portraits et 
silhouettes des musiciens (1896, Eng- 
lish, 1897), itudes muslcales et nou- 
velles silhouettes de musiciens (3 vols., 
1898-1907, Eng., 1897), Impressions mu- 
slcales et littiralres (1900), Les ipoques 
de la muslque (2 vols., 1909), Mozart 
(1906) and Mendelssohn (1907). 

BELLIIVCIONI, Gemma (1864- ) : 
b. Monza, Piemont, coloratura so- 
prano, studied under her father, Ce- 
sare B. and Corsi, d^but in Pedrotti's 
Tutti In maschera (Naples, 1881); 
toured with Tamberlick in Spain and 
became one of the most celebrated 
prima donnas of Italy and abroad; 
married the tenor Stagno; created a 
number of prima donna roles in mod- 
ern 'veristic' operas (Cavallerla rusti- 
cana, Nozze Istriane, etc.) ; directress 
of an operatic school in Charlottenburg 
since 1911; pub. a Gesangschule. Her 
daughter Blanca made her debut as 
soprano in Graz, 1913. 

BERGIROIV DU FORT-MICHOBr 
[de Brlon], Nicolas Antoine (1690- 
1768): b. Lyon, d. there; founded the 
Acadimie des Beaux-Arts there, a con- 
cert organization which maintained 
weekly concerts with chorus and or- 
chestra for a period of 60 years and 
for which he composed vocal and in- 
strumental works. He was co-director 
and conductor of the Lyons Opera, 1739. 

BERNOULLI (3) fidouard (1867-) : 
b. Basle, 1867; wrote Die Choral- 
notenschrlft bei Hpmnen und Sequen- 
zen im spdteren Mittelalter, as tiiesls 
for Dr. phil., Leipzig, 1896 (pub. In ex- 



ADDENDA 



Bienstock 

panded form, .1898) ; edited the new 
edition of H. ALert's arias (Denkmdler 
d.T., vol. 12-12), and pub. with G. Holz 
and Franz Saran, the Jena Song MS; 
with transcription Into modem nota- 
tion (1901). In 1910 he became docent 
at Ziirich Univ., having written a study, 
Aus Liederbiichern der Hamanistenzeit. 
He also pub. Oratorientexte Handels 
(1905) and Hector Berlioz als Xsthet- 
iker der Klangfarben (1909). He has 
prepared new editions of Praetorlus' 
Syntagma mnsicum. III (1620) and a 
fac-simile edition of Attaignant's tab- 
latures of dances of the years 1530 and 
1531. 

BIENSTOCK, HelnTlch (1894- ): 
b. Miilhausen, Alsace; studied with 
Georg Haeser and Hans Huber In 
Basle, and at the Royal High School in 
Berlin (conducting) ; composed a one- 
act opera Zuleima in 1911 (Karlsruhe, 
1913), a 4-act pantomime Die Bezwing- 
er des Lebens and a 3-act opera Eine 
KUnstlertragodie. He was coach at the 
Karlsruhe Hof theater and now resides 
in Munich. 

BITTNBR, Jnllns; Add that in 1915 
he won the Vienna Mahler prize. 

BOCftUET, Roland: contemp. Ger- 
man composer of songs and piano 
pieces, incl. a Ballade (op. 22) and 2 
Preludes (op. 23). 

BOHNKE, Emll (1888- ): b. 
Zdunska Wola, Russian Poland, stud- 
led with Sitt and Krehl at the Leipzig 
Cons, and Gernsheim in Berlin; com- 
poser of a prize-crowned trio, a string 
quartet, a symph. overture (MS.), also 
piano pieces (pub.). 

BOLZONI, Giovanni (1841- ); b. 
Parma; studied at the Cons, there; vio- 
linist; was concert-master in Savona, 
director of the Morlacchi Conservatory, 
Perugia; then in Piacenza, now in 
Turin as director of the Music Lyceum 
and concert-master at the Royal The- 
atre. He composed the opera II matri- 
monio civile (Parma, 1870), La Stella 
delle Alpi (Savona, 1876) and Jella 
(Piacenza, 1881), a symphony, several 
overtures, serenades, etc., for small 
orch., pieces for string instr., some w. 
piano, piano pieces, etc. 

B09ITE1UP0, JoSo Domlngos (1775- 
1842): b. Lisbon, d. there; pupil of his 
father, Francisco Xavieb B. (d. 1795), 
a native of Foggia, Naples, oboist and 
Royal chamber musician. B. studied 
further in Paris, where he appeared as 
pianist with the violinist, Felipe Libon, 
in 1809 and prod, his first symphony 
in the same year. Shortly after he 
joined Clementl in London, returned in 
1815 to Lisbon, where, after further 
visits to London and Paris, he founded 
a Philharmoric Society, which existed 
till 1828. In 1833 B. became director 
of the newly founded Royal C^ons. He 

wrote 6 symphonies, 4 piano concertos, „ ^ - _. - 

a piano quintet, 4 piano sextets, sonatas prod, at the Theatre de la Monnaie, and 
(partly with violin), variations, masses, ' church music. 

312 



Bosselet 

a Requiem and an opera, also pub, a 
Piano School. 

BONA VENTURA, Arnaldo (1862-) : 
b. Leghorn; studied law and chem- 
istry, abandoning both for musl- 
cology. He became teacher of musical 
history and aesthetics, also librarian, 
at the Royal Institute of Music in Flor- 
ence. He pub. compositions of Peri, 
Frescobaldl, Barbara Strozzi, etc., and 
wrote Manuale di Storia della mnsica 
(Leghorn, 1898, 4th ed., 1913), Storia 
degli stromenti musicali (lb. 1905), 
Dante e la musica (ib. 1904), La vita 
musicale in Toscana (Florence, 1910), 
Saggio storico sul teatro musicale Ital- 
iano. La esumazioni delle Musica an- 
tica, Le forme della musica strumen- 
tale da camera, Nicolo Paganini (1911), 
/ violinistt Italiani moderni, besides 
large works concerning literary history. 

BOOTT, Francis: Add that he com- 
posed luider the pseudonym Telfobd. 

BOPP, IVllhelm (1863- ): b. 
Mannheim; pupil of Jean Becker, Ferd. 
Langer and Hanlein there, of Schrad- 
ieck, Jadassohn, etc., at Leipzig Cons., 
and Emit Paur in Mannheim; in 1884 
became conductor of the Liedertafel in 
Freiburg i. B., in 1886 solo repititeur 
at the Frankfort Stadttheater; assisted 
Mottl in Karlsruhe and Bayreuth; in 
1889 returned to Mannheim as teacher 
at the Cons.; cHtic, leader of a mixed 
quartet and a chamber music society 
for the cultivation of Brahms' music, 
also of a second vocal quartet (with 
his wife, Frau Bopp-Glaser) , which as 
Nouvelle Soci^t^ Philharmonique ap- 
peared successfully in Paris; opened a 
High School of Music under the patron- 
age of the Grand Duchess of Wilrttem- 
berg. In 1907 he was made director of 
the Cons, of the Friends of Music in Vi- 
enna, which, under his Incumbency, be- 
came a state institution (Imp. and Roy- 
al Academy for Music and DramaUc 
Art). He is Grand-Ducal professor. 

BOSE, Fritz von (1865- ) : b. 
K6nigstein-on-the-Elbe ; studied piano 
with H. Klesse in Leipzig and became 
a pupil of Jadassohn and Reinecke at 
the Cons, there, later of Billow in Ham- 
burg. In 1888 he first appeared as 
pianist in Leipzig, in 1893 he became 
teacher in the Karlsruhe Cons., In 1898 
at the Leipzig COns. ; professor, 1912. 
He is particularly noted as chamber 
music player. He composed mixed and 
male choruses and piano pieces. 

BOSSBI/ET, Charles [Francois 
Maria] (1812-1873): b. Lyons, d. St. 
Josse ten Node, near Brussels; studied 
at the Royal School of Music there; was 
theatre conductor at Boulogne-sur-Mer ; 
again pupil of the Brussels Cons, (re- 
organized by Fitis) ; second conductor 
at the Royal Opera, 1835; professor of 
harmony at the Cons., 1840; composer 
of many male quartets, also ballets 



Bourdelot 



ADDENDA 



BOURDELOT. Pierre (Pierre 
Mlchon) (1610-1685): b. Sens, d. at 
the Abbey Maci; Royal physician 
(1642) ; collected the material for a his- 
tory of music at which he began to 
■work with his nephew, Pierre Bonnet 
(1638-1708), whose brother Jacques (d. 
1724) finished and published It as His- 
toire de la musique et de ses effets 
(Paris, 1715, 2nd ed. 1726, with a Com- 
paraison de la musique italienne et la 
musique fransaise by Lecerf de Vle- 
ville as 2nd-4th parts; in this form 
also a new edition in 1743). 

BRESLAVEIR, Emll (1836-1899): b. 
Kottbus, d. Berlin J was at first a 
preacher of the Jewish Congregation in 
Kottbus, but from 1863 devoted him- 
self to music. After studying at the 
Stem Cons, in Berlin (Kiel, Stem, etc.) 
he became teacher of piano and theory 
at the KuUak Academy, and later 
founded a conservatory and seminary 
for the training of piano teachers. In 
1883 he became choir-director of the 
Reformed Synagogue and was also ac- 
tive as critic for leading newspapers. 
He founded the Verein der Musiklehrer 
und -Lehrerinnen in Berlin, which In 
1886 was expanded and became the 
Deutsche Muslklehrer-Verband. From 
1878 he edited the pedagogical period- 
ical Der Klavierlehrer and he pub. Die 
technischen Grundlagen des Klavier- 
spiels (1874), which earned for him the 
title of professor, also a Notenschreib- 
schule, a Methodik des Klavierunter- 
rickts (1886, 1896), a FUhrer durch die 
KlavierunteTrichts-Literatur (1887), a 
Klavierschule (3 vols., 18th ed., 1898) 
and Melodiebildungslehre (2nd ed., 
1895). He also pub. a number of 
sacred and secular choruses, songs, 
piano pieces, a serenade for string or- 

BRaWbe:RGE:R, Johann (1877-) : 
b. Prague, where he graduated from 
the Cons.; Dr. phil., Prague, 1905; 
studied musicology under Kretzschmar, 
Wolf and Friedlander at Berlin Univ. 
and visited the libraries of Germany 
and France. In 1906 he became pro- 
fessor and secretary of the Prague 
Cons.; edited the periodical Dalibor, 
active as music critic and with Spitta, 
arranged historical concerts in Prague. 
He pub. a 'Catechism of General Mu- 
sical History,' 'On the Music of the 
Jews,' 'Rhythm and Tone,' 'How Shall 
We Listen to Music?' (in Bohemian), 
Mustkgeschichtliches aus Bo/imen (Ger.) 
and edited old Bohemian music. His 
wife, Doubravka Branberger-Cemock 
(b. Prague, 1885), is a concert singer 
and vocal teacher, and pub. a Peda- 
gogical Survey of Vocal Literature (in 
Bohemian). 

BRATfDUKOFF, Anatol lAndrele- 
vitch] (1859- ): b. Moscow; 'cellist, 
studied at the Moscow Cons., lived in 
Paris till 1889. He made his d^but 
under Saint-Sagns at Angers, appeared 



Bnonamente 

at important concerts In Paris and Lon- 
don, founded a quartet with Marsick 
in Paris; since 1890 resident in Mos- 
cow. He wrote solos for 'cello, some 
with orch. 

BREITKOPF & HXATBL: Add 
that the firm co-operated with the Bach 
und Handel-Gesellschaft from its in- 
ception in the publication of the com- 
plete works of Bach and Handel. Since 
then It has undertaken independently 
monumental complete editions of the 
works of Mozart, Beethoven, Pales- 
trina, Orlando di Lasso, Mendelssohn, 
Schumann, Schubert, Haydn, Wagner, 
Liszt and Berlioz. Branches of the 
house were established in Brussels, 
London and New York, the last-named 
becoming an independent corporation 
(B. & H., Incorporated) in 1916. The 
printing and art shops of B. & H. em- 
ploy some 800 workers. New buildings 
were added in 1913. A son of O. von 
Hase, Hermann von Hase (q.v.) entered 
the firm in 1904. 

BRt^CKNBR, Karl (1893- ) : b. 
Gotenburg, Sweden; son of Gustav B., 
a music teacher; pu^il of Sitt in Leip- 
zig and of the Leipzig Cons.; appeared 
as violinist at the age of 6 and has 
scored phenomenal success. 

BRTTNE;, Adolf Gerhard (1870- ): 
b. Bakkum, Hanover, studied with 
his father and at the seminary in 
Osnabriick, went to America, was or- 
ganist in Peoria, 111., and continued 
his studies in Chicago with E. Llebling 
and B. Ziehn; became teacher at the 
Chicago Musical College In 1898. He 
pub. a violin sonata, 2 ballades for 
piano, 2 piano suites, 4 string quartets, 
a string quintet, a trio, a piano quartet, 
3 symphonies, 2 overtures, symphonic 
poems and large choral works, also 
organ pieces. 

BRZEIZINSKA (1) Fbillplne (nie 
Szymano-n'ska) (1800-1886) : b. War- 
saw, d. there; composed piano pieces 
and sacred songs, of which one. Me 
opnszezai nas, is very popular in Po- 
land. (2) Franclszefe (1867- ): b. 
Warsaw; grandson of (1) ; studied with 
Klszynskl and Zaviskl, also under 
Krehl, Reger, Nlklsch and R. Hofmann, 
composer of piano pieces ('Polish 
Suite,' toccata, preludes and fugues), a 
violin sonata and a piano concerto 
(MS.). 

BUOIVAMBIVTE:, Cavallere Giovan- 
ni Battlsta (17th cent.) : maestro at 
the Franciscan monastery of Assist 
about 1636; was one of the earliest 
composers of violin sonatas and a de- 
veloper of violin technique; pub. 7 
books of sonatas, sinfbnie andT dance 
movements in Venice (Venice, [?], [?], 
[7], 1626, 1629, 1636, 1639), the last four 
being preserved in the Breslau Munici- 
pal Library. The 4th, 5th and 7th are 
for 2 violins and bass, the 6th for 1-4 
violins, basso da brazzo, cornetto, dol- 
zaiaa, fagotto and trombone. They are 



313 



Calzabigi 



ADDENDA 



Chladni 



notable, considering their period, for 
their unity, simplicity and breadth of 
style. 

CALZABIGI, Ranlero da: Add that 
he wrote Dissertazione su le poesie 
drammatiche del Abbate Pietro Metas- 
tasio (1775), and an answer to a Ri- 
posta to the same. 

CAPPI (1) Giovanni (early 19th 
cent.) : publisher, who, after leaving 
the firm of Artaria & Co. (q.v.), found- 
ed an art firm under his own name 
(Johann C), which was continued af- 
ter his death by his widow and son. 
Joseph Czerny became a partner in 1824 
(Cappi & Co., 1824; Cappi & Czerny, 
1826) and C. left the firm in 1828, 
which then became 'Josef Czerny.' 
Mathias Traussen bought it in 1832. 
(2) Peter: also left the Artaria firm 
(1816) to found the publishing house 
of 'Peter Cappi.' With A. Diehl as 
partner the firm became 'Cappi & Dia- 
belll,' and, after C. was succeeded by 
C. A. Spina, 'Diabelli & Co.' In 1852 
Spina alone continued the business un- 
der his own name. 

CAPRIOLO (or Caproli), Carlo, 
DETTO iL ViOLiNO (17th Cent.) : left Rome 
at the invitation of Mazarin, and In 
Paris prod, the opera Le nozze di Tete 
e Peleo (April 14, 1654), the text being 
written by Buti. He also wrote an ora- 
torio, Davide (1683), and was one of 
the creators of the cantata. 

CAVOS, Catterlno: At the age of 12 
he wrote a homage cantata on the occa- 
sion of a visit of Emperor Leopold II 
to Venice. He went to St. Petersburg 
in 1797 as a member of an Italian 
opera troupe and 2 years later became 
conductor at the Imperial Theatre. 
From 1803 he also directed the Russian 
opera and from 1806 confined himself 
to this activity, while writing operas 
for 3 troupes — French, Italian and Rus- 
sian. The comic operas Les trois bos- 
sus and Les trois saltanes were his 
first successes, followed by 'Russalka' 
and 'Ilia the Hero' (1806), also 'Ivan 
Sussanin' (1815). He wrote further 
'The Fugitive Bridegroom' (1806), 'The 
Peasants' (with Bulant, 1814), 'The 
Ruins of Babylon' (1818), 'Dobrynia 
Nikitish' (with Antonollni, 1818), 
'Swetlana' (1822), 'Confusion' (1823), 
'The Youth of John IIP (1823), 'The 
Mountains of Piemont, or The Devil's 
Bridge' (with Lehnhardt, 1825), 'Miro- 
slava' (1827) ; also the operetta 'Poet 
and Cossack' (1812), the ballets 'Zephyr 
and Flora' (1808), 'Cupid and Psyche' 
(1810), 'Love of Country' (1813-14), 
'Acis and Galatea' (1815), 'Carlos and 
Rosealba' (1817), 'Roland and Mor- 
gana' (1825), 'Phedra' (with Turik, 
1825), and 'Satan' (with Turik and 
Shelichoff, 1825), also many dramas 
and comedies. C. became inspector 
(1821), then director (1832) of all the 
Imperial Orchestras and his salary 
reached 21,000 rubles. 



CAZZATTI, Manrlzlo (ca. 1620- 
1677): b. Guastalla, d. Mantua; was 
chamber conductor to the Duke of 
Sabioneta at Bozolo, 1647, maestro di 
cappella at San Maria Maggiore, Ber- 
gamo, 1653, at Bologna, 1657, and maes- 
tro to the Duchess Anna Isabella of 
Mantua from 1673 till his death. He 
is remarkable as a composer of instru- 
mental music and was the teacher of 
G. B. Vitali, with whom he developed 
a more compact form from the hitherto 
loose and variegated style of sonata 
writing. He wrote over 60 works and 
also produced masses, psalms, motets 
and other church music, most of which 
were written in the new 4-part style 
with instruments and only some for 4 
or more parts a cappella, also many 
arias, cantatas, chamber duets, madri- 
gals and solo canzonets, others for 2 
or 3 voices with continuo, besides 4 
books of sonatas for string instruments 
with cont. (3-5 parts, 1642, 1648, 1656, 
1677), and 2 books of dance movements 
(3-5 parts). 

CHEVAIiLIER, [Ebnst August] 
Helnrieh (1848-1908) : b. Hanover; 
studied there and in Hamburg, where 
he founded and conducted the Lehrer- 
gesangverein and the Chorverein. He 
pub. choral songs, of which many be- 
came popular, also songs, piano pieces, 
violin pieces, etc., and left a comic 
opera, etc. 

CHIRTTZER, Giovanni (18th cent.): 
presumably Italian composer of many 
trio sonatas (2 violins and cont.) and 
4-part symphonies, also duets for flute 
or violin and sonatas and other solo 
pieces for violin and bass (printed in 
Paris, ca. 1740). He also wrote some 
church music and arias with instru- 
ments (MS. preserved in Dresden and 
Vienna), also 6 operettas and 2 ora- 
torios. 

CHIPP, Eldmund Thomas (1823- 
1886) : b. London, d. Nice; eminent or- 
ganist occupying various posts in the 
British Isles, became organist and 
choirmaster at Edinburgh Cathedral in 
1867; composed an oratorio 'Job,' a 
biblical idyll Naomi, besides 2 Te 
Deums, a service, a Gloria for men's 
voices, and pub. a book of organ pieces, 
small choruses and a collection entitled 
'Music for the Church Service.' 

CHITZ, Arthur (1882- ) : b. 
Prague; studied natural sciences and 
music in Vienna, Prague and Dresden; 
Dr. phil. with Die Hofmusikkapelle 
Kaiser Rudolf II. ; studied composition 
with Novak and F. Spllka, piano and 
violin with Holfeld, Mafak and Band- 
ler; devoted himself to the study of 
Beethoven's early period, and pub. 
Beethovens Kompositionen fur Mando- 
line, Une (Euvre inconnue de Beethoven, 
etc.; teaches theory and musical his- 
tory in Dresden. 

CHLiADIVI, Ernst [Florens Fried- 
rlchl (1756-1827): b. Wittenberg, d. 



314 



Olark 



ADDENDA 



Breslau; studied law and became do- 
cent in Wittenberg, then studied nat- 
ural sciences and later lectured on 
acoustics, making his discoveries known 
all over Europe. His name is perma- 
nently connected with the Chladnian 
'tone figures,' i.e., the peculiar regular, 
star-like formations which are pro- 
duced, if a glass plate, strewn with 
sand, is set in vibration by a bow. He 
also invented the 'Euphon' (a glass-rod 
instrument) and the 'Clavi-cy Under' (fi 
glass-rod piano). He wrote Die Akus- 
tik (1802, French, 1809), iVeue Beytrdge 
zur Akustik (1817), Beytrdge znr prak- 
tischen Akustik (1821), Kurze Obersicht 
der Schall- und Klajiglehre (1827) and 
many other studies on acoustics pub- 
lished in various periodicals. 

CI/ARK (1) Richard (1780-1856): 
b. Datchet (Bucks); d. London; lay- 
priest of St. George's and Eton College; 
lay-vicar of Westminster Abbey and 
vicar choral of St. Paul's; made a 
name with his glees, anthems, etc., but 
especially with a few monographs 
('Reminiscences of Handel' [1836], on 
'God Save the King,' on the etymology 
of the word 'Madrigal') ; wrote 'Read- 
ing and Playing from Score Simplified' 
(1838) ; pub. a collection of texts to 
popular glees, madrigals, rondos and 
catches (1814). (3) (C.-STEINIGER), 
Frederick Horace, also called Leo St. 
Damian (1860- ): b. America; studied 
at the Leipzig Cons, and with Deppes; 
lives in Halensee near Berlin; fantastic 
and eccentric theorist on piano playing; 
wrote Die Lehre des einheitlichen. 
Kunstmittels bei dem Klavlerspiel 
(1885), Phorolyse des Klavierspiels 
(1885), Liszts Olfenbarung, SchlHssel 
zur Freiheit des Individuums (1907), 
Pianistenharmonie (1910), Brahms-No- 
blesse (1914). 

CI/EMEIVS, Charles Edwin (1856-) : 
b. Plymouth ; studied with Weelis, Mar- 
tin and Pauer at the Royal Academy of 
Music, London, became organist of the 
English Church in Berlin, 1889, and 
teacher of the Scharwenka Cons. In 
1895 he went to Cleveland, Ohio, where 
he is active as organist, teacher and 
choral conductor. He pub. 'Pedal Tech- 
nlc' (2 vols.) and 'Modern School for 
the Organ.' 

CORSI, Giuseppe (called Celano 
after his birthplace) : 17th cent, com- 
poser of cantatas; maestro di cappella 
at Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome (1659), 
San Giovanni di Laterano (1663), Lo- 
reto Cathedral (1668-74) and again in 
Rome, but had to leave the city because 
of the distribution of interdicted books ; 
after 1681 he was at the court of Parma. 

COTES, Ambrosio de ([?]-1603): d. 
Seville; Royal chapel master in Gran- 
ada; cathedral chapel master in Valen- 
cia (1596); in Seville (1600). An im- 
portant 5-part mass De plagis and mo- 
tets by C. have been preserved in the 
cathedral archives of Valencia; sacred 



Deutsch 

madrigals and chansons are probably 
lost. 

CROCE, Benedetto (1866- ): b. 
Pescasseroli (Aguila) ; philosopher in 
Naples; hon. Dr. phil. of the University 
of Freiburg; Italian senator; directed 
the publication of Classica delta fdo- 
sofla moderna (24 vols.) and Scrittori 
d Italia (40 vols, at present) ; wrote 
/ ieatri di Napoli nei secoli XV-XVIII 
(1897), Problemi di estetica (1909), Es- 
tetica come scienza dell' espressione e 
linguistica generate (1902, German, 
1905, 4th ed., Bari, 1912), and Breviario 
di esfetica^ (1913, also German), editor 
of La critica (Bivista di letteratura, 
storia e fllosofia, Naples). 

CTJCUEIi, Georges: Add to his 
writings Sources et Documents pour 
servir a Vhistoire de I'opera comique 
en France (L'Annee musicale III, 1913). 

DEMAIVTIUS, Christopb (1567- 
1643) : b. Reichenberg, Bavaria, d. Frei- 
berg, Saxony; composer of church mu- 
sic, including a 6-part Te Deum (1618), 
a 'German Passion according to St. 
John' (6-part, 1631), besides various 
collections of Magnificats, psalms, mo- 
tets, masses, introits, prosas, thren- 
odies, etc.; also secular songs (5-part, 
1595) and arrangements of secular 
songs by Gregor Lang (5-part, 1615, in 
2 parts), songs of war and victory (6- 
part, 1600), canzonets villanelles 
(1609); also a collection of Polish and 
German dances with and without texts 
(4-5 parts, 1601), 6-part dance move- 
ments, some with texts (1609), 4-5 part 
dance movements, some with texts 
(1613) and a number of nuptial songs. 
He also wrote 2 theoretical treatises. 
Forma musices (1592) and Isagoge ar- 
tis musicae (1607, 10th ed., 1671). 

DENTE, Joseph (1838-1905): b. 
Stockholm, d. there; violinist, pupil of 
d'Aubert (Stockholm) and Leonard 
(Brussels) ; also studied composition 
with Wlnge and Franz Berwald; mem- 
ber of the Stockholm court band, 1853, 
corepetitor at the court opera, 1861 con- 
certmaster, assistant, then chief Kapell- 
meister (1879-85) and teacher of com- 
position, etc., at the Cons., also director 
of the symphony concerts, 1890-91. He 
composed a symphony (prize, Berlin, 
1888), a concert overture, a violin con- 
certo, a romanza for violin and piano, 
a number of songs and an operetta. 

DEUTSCH (1) lUorltz (1818-1892) : 
b. Nikolsburg, Moravia, d. Breslau, 
where he was cantor of the New Syn- 
agogue; studied at the Vienna Cons, 
and in Breslau; became 2nd cantor at 
the Vienna Temple in 1842 and in 1844 
went to his last position in Breslau, 
where from 1855 he was also music 
teacher at the Jewish Theological Sem- 
inary and founded a musical institute 
for Jewish cantors and teachers in 
1859. He was also noted as tenor in 
oratorio performances. He made an 
artistic arrangement of the Jewish rit- 



315 



Drake 

ual chant, and pub. 12 organ preludes 
(after old synagogue intonations), 'Ger- 
man Synagogue and School Songs' 
(1867), Vorbeterschale (1872), an ap- 
pendix to the same (1890), Breslauer 
Synagogengesange (1880, with 2 appen- 
dices). Col Nidre (traditional), for solo 
voice with organ or piano. (2) Otto 
Krich (1883- ): b. Vienna, where he 
was art critic to the Vienna Zeit, 1908- 
09, and assistant at the Art Historical 
Institute of the Vienna Univ., 1910-11. 
Besides studies on the history of art 
and literature he wrote monographs on 
Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, 
Liszt and especially Schubert, also pub., 
with Ludwig Schelbler, Franz Schubert. 
Die Dokumente seines Lebens and 
Schaffens (Munich, 1913f). 

DRAKE, Erik (1788-1870): b. Hag- 
elsrmns Gird, d. Stockholm; teacher of 
musical theory; secretary, librarian 
and inspector at the Stockholm Musical 
Academy; author of several theoretical 
school books including a 'Harmony' (2 
vols., 1839-40), 'Counterpoint' (1845), 
'Preparation for the Organist's Exam- 
ination' (1846), 'General Musical Treat- 
ise' (1830) ; translator of ZoUner's 'Or- 
gan School' and Gollmick's 'Lexikon,' 
and collector of Swedish folk-songs. 
He composed 2 string quartets, a Sing- 
spiel, and Sappho for 3-part chorus and 
declamation. 

DRAJVGOSCH, Ernesto (1882- ) : 
b. Buenos Ayres; studied at the Berlin 
Royal High School, won a state schol- 
arship and studied further with An- 
sorge and Humperdinck in Berlin; 
toured as pianist, and in 1905 returned 
to Buenos Ayres to become director of 
the Cons. He composed sonatas, Eon- 
zertstiicke, etc., for piano. 

DITNTT, John Pctrle (1878- ): b. 
Edlnbur^, pupil of N leeks and Tobias 
Matthay, also of Max Pauer and 
Samuel de Lange in Stuttgart. He ap- 
peared as pianist at an early age, be- 
came teacher at the Stuttgart Cons., 
1902, and after further tours as pianist, 
first piano teacher at Kiel Cons., also 
vice-director of studies. He pub. Das 
Geheimmis der BandfUhrung beim Kla- 
vierspiel (1914). 

EATON, liools H. (1861- ) : b. 
Taunton, Mass.; organist there, in Mil- 
waukee and in San Francisco. 

EBERS, Karl Frledrlcli (1770- 
1836): b. Cassel, d. Berlin; composer. 
He wrote proliflcally in all musical 
forms and was best known by his piano 
arrangements. Of bis compositions 
only the drinking song "Wir slnd die 
Konige der Welt Is still sung in Ger- 
many. 

EGGER, Max (1863- ) : b. Vien- 
na; grandson of Simon Sechter; pupil 
of A. Seydler and Rudolph Bibl; lives 
in Vienna; composed to his own texts 
the operas Der Trentajdger, Frau Holda 
(Vienna, 1908), Der Pathe des Todes 
and Hexenliebe. 



ADDENDA 



Fink 



316 



ENGELKE, Bernhard (1884- ): 
b. Brunswick; studied philology and 
musicology in Halle and Leipzig; Dr. 
phil. 1906, with a study on Job. Fr. 
Fasch. He now resides in Magdeburg 
as vocal teacher and organist and has 
devoted himself particularly to re- 
search concerning the musical bistory 
of Magdeburg, preparing Denkmdler 
lor publication; also pub. editions of 
old music (J. P. A. Schulz, Mozart, 
Haydn, etc.), and is in charge of a 
volume of symphonies from the circle 
of Frederick the Great for the Denk- 
mdler der Tonkunst, 

ERB, Maria Josepli: He is organist 
at the Johanniskirche and instructor 
for organ, piano and composition at 
the Strassburg Cons. (Royal Professor, 
1908). He also wrote a suite for piano 
and violin, an orch. suite and 20 offer- 
tories; also (in MS.) a number of or- 
chestral and chamber music works. 

TAISST, Klara [Mathllde] (1872-) : 
b. Karlsruhe; studied at the Cons, there 
and with Bruch, etc., at the Royal High 
School, Berlin; composer of piano 
pieces, pieces for 'cello and organ, 
songs, choruses, motets, ballads, etc. 
She lives in Karlsruhe. 

FEDEIil (1) Rngglero (d. 1722): 
at the Bayreuth court, 1687, the 
Dresden court, 1687-88; court composer 
(1691) and court Kapellmeister (1701) 
in Berlin, court Kapellmeister in (jassel, 
1705; composer, of whose works are 
preserved a number of cantatas, a mass 
with orch., parts of masses, a 4-part 
Magnificat with instr. and other church 
music, also an opera Almira (Bruns- 
wick, 1703). (2) Vlto (1866- ): b. 
Vollgno; pupil of A. Leonard! and E. 
Terziani in Rome; composer of the op- 
eras Ivaxthoe, La Yergine delta mon- 
tagna and Varsovia (Rome, 1900), also 
masses a cappella with organ and with 
orch., other church music, pieces for 
orch., for organ, choruses and songs. 
He contributes to the Rivista musicale 
and other periodicals and has lectured 
at the congresses of the International 
Musical Society in Vienna (1909) and 
London (1911). He is director of the 
Novara Municipal Institute of Music. 

FEDERICI, Vlncenzo (1764-1826): 
b. Pesaro, d. Milan; composer of 14 
serious operas and 1 comic opera. La 
locandiera scaltra (Paris, 1812) and a 
number of cantatas; professor of coun- 
terpoint, and, from 1812, censor at 
Milan Cons. 

FfiiVRIBR (2) Henri (1876- ): 
composer of a comic opera Le rot 
aveugle (Paris, 1906), a grand opera 
Monna Vanna (Paris, 1909, also Chi- 
cago, etc.), the operettas Agnis, dame 
galante (Paris, 1912), Carmosine (Paris, 
1913) and the fairy play La princesse 
et le porcher (Paris, 1912). 

PINK (1) Gottfried -Wilhelm 
(1783-1846): b. Suiza, Thuringia, d. 
Leipzig; studied theology and became 



Fischer 

assistant preacher; directed an educa- 
tional institution, 1812-27. From 1808 
he -was a collaborator on the Allge- 
meine musikalische Zeitung (his first 
article helng Vber Takt, Taktarten, 
etc.), and during 1827-41 was Its editor. 
R. Schumann's Neue Zeitschrift fur 
Musik was founded to offset F.'s 'soft- 
soaping.* He composed pieces for vio- 
lin and piano, songs, terzets, male 
quartets, 'Homely Meditations,' etc., 
and he wrote various hooks on musical 
history, harmony, pedagogy (Der musi- 
kalische Hanslehrer, 1846, 2nd ed., 
1851), also polemics. He left a Musi- 
kalische Kompositionslehre (1847), and 
contributed to encyclopedias. (2) 
Christian (1822-1911) : b. Dettingen, d. 
Esslingen, where he became assistant 
music teacher at the seminary, studied 
organ and composition at the Leipzig 
Cons, and with Johann Schneider in 
Dresden, and, after achieving a reputa- 
tion as organ virtuoso and teacher in 
Leipzig, returned to Esslingen as head 
music teacher of the seminary, also 
Muslkdlrektor and organist of the prin- 
cipal church; was made professor in 
1862. He pub. a series of sonatas, 
fugues, preludes, etc., for the organ, 
also psalms, motets and other church 
music, and 4 sonatas and other pieces 
for piano, and songs. (3) Herntlne. 
See [d']Ai.bert. 

FISCHER (1) Johann (1650-1721): 
b. Swabia, d. Schwedt; pupil of Caprl- 
comus, went to Paris and became 
'notist* to Lully; musician at the Bare- 
foot Friars' Church, Augsburg, 1681, 
then successively at the Ansbach court, 
at Mitau, Schwerin, Copenhagen, Stral- 
sund, Stettin, Stockholm and Schwedt, 
where he was court Kapellmeister to 
the margrave. He was one of the first 
composers to Introduce the French 
overture in Germany. His works In- 
clude Musikalische Maienlust (50 
French airs for 2 violins and thorough- 
bass, 1681), Die himmlische Seelenlust 
(German arias and madrigals for one 
voice w. Instr., 1686), Musikallsches 
Divertissement (2-part suites, 1700), 
Tafelmusik (6 overtures, chaconnes, 
lively suites,' with an appendix of 3-4 
part Polish dances, 1702, 2nd and 3rd 
ed. as Musikalische FiXrstenlust, 1706, 
1708), Feld- und Heldenmusik (1704). 
Many of his works were lost. (2) [Jo- 
hann Kaspar] Ferdinand (1650-1746) : 
d. Rastatt; court Kapellmeister to the 
consort of Ludwig Wilhelm of Baden 
at Schlackenwerth, Bohemia, then at 
Baden-Baden; according to Gerber, one 
of the 'strongest clavier players of his 
time;' composer of works for clavier 
and organ: Musikallsches BlumenbiXch- 
lein (8 Partlen and a varied aria, 1896) ; 
Ariadne musica, Neo-organoedum per 
XX Praeludia, totidem Fugas atgue V 
Ricercatas, etc. (1715), Musikalischer 
Blumenstraus (8 suites, ca. 1735), Musi- 
kalischer Parnassus, etc. (1738), Prae- 



ADDENDA 



Fridzeri 

India et fugae pro organo per 8 tonos 
eccleslasticos. He also pub. 5-part airs 
and ballets w. trumpets ad lib., under 
the title Le journal du printemps, also 
vesper psalms, litanies and antiphones. 
(17) Otto (1861- ): b. Altenburg; 
professor of physiological physics at 
Leipzig Univ., whose investigations on 
the functions of the muscles had great 
influence on the modern theory of pi- 
ano playing. (18) WUhelm (1886- ): 
b. Vienna; studied with H. Gradener 
and G. Adler, became Dr. phil. in 1912 
and assistant at the Institute for Mu- 
sical History there. He edited G. M. 
Monn's works (Vol. 19, 11, of the Denk- 
mdler d. T. in osterreich). 

FL.ATAU, Dr. Theodor S. (1860- ) : 
b. Lyck, East Prussia; physician in 
Berlin; also studied musical science 
and in 1901 became docent for physiol- 
ogy of the voice in the state course for 
seminary teachers; also lectures on vo- 
€^al physiology and hygiene at the 
Klindworth-Scharwenka Cons., etc. ; 
professor since 1912. He pub. the peri- 
odical Die Stimme, 1906-12, and wrote 
Intonationssiorungen and Stimmverlust 
(1899, 3rd ed., 1908), Das habituelle 
Tremolieren der Singstimme (1902, 3rd 
ed., 1908) ; Die funktionelle Stimmen- 
schwache (1906), etc. 

FLEISCHER (1) Frledrich Gott- 
lob (1722-1806) : b. Cothen, d. Bruns- 
wick, where he was employed as or- 
ganist and member of the court orches- 
tra nearly all his life. He was one of 
the leading representatives of the unin- 
spired school of song composers pop- 
ular in the late 18th century; one of 
the first to supply chord accompani- 
ments in place of figured bass, and to 
adorn his melodies with copious orna- 
ments. Besides his 'Odes, Songs and 
Melodies' (2 parts, 1756-57, etc.), can- 
tatas, etc., he wrote a Slngspiel, Das 
Orakel (text by Gellert, 1771), and pi- 
ano pieces. (2) Reinhold (1842-1904) : 
b. Dahsau, near Herrnstadt, Silesia, d. 
Gorlitz; studied at the Royal Institute 
for Church Music and at the Royal 
Academy in Berlin; organist of the 
Hauptkirche and conductor of the 
Singakademie in Gorlitz; Royal Muslk- 
dlrektor; composer of organ pieces, 
songs, motets and a cantata, Holda. 

FOOTE, Arthnr: Add that he 
wrote, with a; R. Spalding, 'Modem 
Harmony in Its Theory and Practice' 
(1905). 

FRIDZERI (Frlxer), Alessandro 
Haria Ajatonio (1741-1825) : b. Verona, 
d. Antwerp; organist in Vlcenza, from 
1771 Instrument and music dealer In 
Paris; then music teacher In Antwerp. 
He composed the comic operas Die 
seidenen Schuhe (Paris, 1776, Bonn, 
1782) and Les deux miticiens (Paris, 
(1771), etc., a mass and other sacred 
music, a symphonic concertante (a il), 
6 quartette da camera, 3 string quartets, 
violin duets, etc. 



Fronun 

FROMM (3) Karl Joseph (1873- ) : 
b. Vienna; composer of several operet- 
tas, orchestral works and piano pieces ; 
wrote a text-book on composition, an- 
other on instrumentation. 

GAL,, Hans (1890- ) : b. Brunn 
a.G. (Lower Austria), Dr. phil., Vienna, 
1913; composer and teacher in Vienna. 
He wrote a comic opera Der Fdcher 
(after Goldoni), a symphony (E maj.), 
symph. fantasy, serenade for orch., an 
overture, a women's chorus, a mixed 
chorus w. orch. {Abendgesang), part- 
songs, songs, chamber music and piano 
pieces (mostly MS.). He received a 
state prize for composition in 1915. 

GASPAR VAN WBRBECKE (ca. 
1440- ) : b. Audenarde, Flanders ; 
at the court of the Sforza in Milan, 
1472; Papal chapel singer in Rome, 
1481-89; then lived in his native city 
as composer. Of his works, printed by 
Petrucci, are preserved 5 4-part masses 
{Misse Gaspar)^ parts of masses in the 
Fragmenta missaram (1509), a mass in 
Missae diversorum (1508), motets in 
Motetti trenta tre (1502) and the 4th 
book of 5-part motets (1505), 'Lamen- 
tations' in the 2nd book of Lamenta- 
tions (1506) ; other masses in MS. in 
the Papal Chapel library. 

GHEIiTJ'WB, Lodewyk van (1837- 
1914) : b. Wanneghemhede near Auden- 
aarde; d. Ghent; studied at the Ghent 
Cons. ; wrote a report on the condition 
of music schools in Belgium, which led 
to his appointment as inspector of 
these schools; became director of the 
Bruges Cons. (1870) ; composed the 
cantatas De Wtnd and Van Etjk. 

GLASS, Christian Hendrlck (1821- 
1893): b. Copenhagen, d. there; studied 
singing with Siboni; piano and com- 
position under J. P. E. Hartmann; sang 
first in theatres; turned to teaching 
piano and singing; lived in Aarhus, 
1846-49; settled in Copenhagen, 185ff, 
where he became organist of the re- 
formed church and director at the 
Cons.; established a conservatory of 
his own (1877), of which his son Louis 
(q.v.) is director; published composi- 
tions, especially for piano. 

GOHLER, Georg: Add that since 
1915 he has directed the symphony con- 
certs and the Philharmonic Choir in 
Liibeck. 

GOI.DSCHMIDT (4) Hngo: Add to 
his writings Das Cembalo im Orchester 
der italienischen Oper der 2. Bdlfte des 
IS. JaJirhnnderts (Liliencron-Fest- 
schrift, 1911), Geschichte der Musikds- 
thetik im 18. Jahrhundert (Ziirlch, 
1915). 

GOTTHELF, FeltE (1857- ): b. 
Munich-Gladbach; studied medicine, 
but also music (piano with J. Lange, 
J. Kwast, theory with Gustav Jensen 
and O. Tiersch, singing with Paul Jen- 
sen and Karl Scheidemantel), and es- 
pecially composition under Draeseke; 
received encouragement from Ernst yon 

31 



ADDENDA 



Henss 

Schuch; was active as coach and con- 
ductor in Cologne and Kolberg; since 
then has lived in Bonn, Munich, and 
(since 1898) Vienna, as composer and 
writer. His works include a string 
quartet (C maj.), a symphonic fantasy, 
a mystery Mahadeva (prod. Stuttgart 
[in part, 1909], Dusseldorf and Karls- 
ruhe), a Hymnus for violin, 'cello, 
harp and harmonium, a ballade for 
sop. and piano, and many vocal pieces 
with orch. He wrote on the 'Indian 
Renaissance' and the Meistersinger. 

GRCLIIVGER, Charles: contemp. 
composer of Dutch birth; prod, the 
operas Sombreuil (Bourges, 1896), Les 
Pharaons (Rheims, 1899), Nicolas 
Nickleby (1900), L'arbre de Noel 
(1903), 'The Hope for Blessing' (The 
Hague, 1907), Goldhansel (1913), and 
the operetta Le pantalon rouge (Paris, 
1914). 

HASE (1) Dr. Osfcar von (1846- ) : 
b. Jena; son of the church historian, 
Karl August von H. ; uncle of Hermann 
and Raimund Hartel (see Breitkopf & 
Hartel), whom he succeeded in the 
management (with W. Volkmann) of 
the famous publishing house. He was 
chairman of the Verband der deutschen 
Berufsgenossenschaften till 1889, of the 
Verein der Buchhandler till 1898, 
founder and president of the Deutsche 
Buchgewerbeverein and the Verein der 
deutschen Muslkalienhandler to 1901. 
He contributed several studies to the 
history of the book trade (Die Ko- 
berger, Breitkopf & Hartel: Aus den 
Papieren des Geschdftsarchives i66i bis 
lS9i, and Emit Strauss: Bin deutscher 
Buchhandler am Rhein [1907]). (2) 
Hermann von (1880- ) : b. Leipzig, 
son of (1); Dr. jur.; partner in the 
firm of Breitkopf and Hartel since 1904, 
devoting himself chiefly to sifting the 
archives of the house for the benefit of 
musical history. He pub. K. Ph. E. 
Bach and Breitkopf und Hartel (Bach- 
Jahrbuch, 1911), Jos. Haydn und Breit- 
kopf und Hartel (1909), Sperontes 
singende Muse an der Pleisse (Int. Mus. 
Soc, 1913), and translated Ernest New- 
man's 'Hugo Wolf into German (1913). 

HEMPEIi, Adolf (1868- ) : b. 
Giessen; studied at the Leipzig Cons., 
organist in Eisenach, 1890, concert-or- 
ganist at Munich since 1896, and organ- 
ist and choir-director of the Markus- 
Kirche there till 1913; toured Germany 
as organist. He composed organ pieces, 
songs with organ, and choruses. 

HEJfRY, Hugh Thomas (1862- ): 
b. Philadelphia, director of the Roman 
Catholic High School there; editor of 
'Church Music'; 1905-9 wrote on church 
music in the 'Musical Quarterly,' etc. 

HEtISS, Alfred: Add that he was 
one of the founders, and is now pres- 
ident, of the Verband deutscher Musik- 
kritiker. He was concert reviewer of 
the Signale, 1902-5, then opera and con- 
cert reviewer of the Leipzig Volkszei- 

8 



Holm 

tuna and since 1912 of the Leipziger 
Zeitung. He edits the Kleine Konzert- 
filhrer for Breitkopf & Hartel, and con- 
tributed analyses of works by Bach, 
Handel, Pergolesi, Beethoven, Liszt and 
Bruckner to the series. 

HOL9I (2) August: Add that since 
1913 he has been teacher at the Mu- 
nicipal High School in Stuttgart. 

ISVARDON, Jacoues (1860- ): 
studied at the Paris Cons., singer at the 
OpSra Comique, at the Theatre de la 
Monnaie in Brussels, also in London, 
Milan, Monte Carlo, and 1894 again at 
the Comique. He now teaches at the 
Conservatoire; pub. Le Thedtre de la 
Monnaie (1890). 

JACOBSON, John (1835-1909): b. 
Lofholmen, near Stockholm, d. Stock- 
holm; pupil of L. Norman, G. Mankell 
and F. Berwald, began as music dealer, 
pursued his studies abroad and became 
organist and musical director of the 
synagogue in Stockholm (1870) ; com- 
posed a mass for soli, chorus and or- 
gan, Agnus Dei for soprano and orch., 
an operetta Vngmors kusin (1868), 
string quartet, piano trio, piano quar- 
tet, an overture Sommarminnen, a can- 
tata for the silver wedding of Oskar II., 
choral songs, songs, pieces for piano 
and other music. 

JOSEPH (Josephl), Georg (17th 
cent.) : 'Musicus' to the Prince-Bishop 
at Breslau, composer of the sacred 
songs of Angelus Silesius, or Johann 
SchifOer {Heilige Seelenlust, etc., Bres- 
lau, 1657-68; 5 parts, 184 of the 205 
melodies by J.). Many of these hymns 
were incorporated into German chorale 
books. 

JOSS, Tlktor: Add that he also 
acted as music critic of the Abendblatt, 
which he edited 1897-1915, and as con- 
tributor to Die Musik, the Allgemeine 
Musikzeitung and the Guide musical. 
He edited the Richard Wagner-Zeitung, 
1892-94, etc., wrote the texts of several 
modern operas and translated Czech 
and Slovak folk-songs into German. 
He wrote Die Sangervereinigung der 
Prager Lehrer und ihr Dirigent (1913), 
Von Mozart bis Mahler, Gesammelte 
Essays, and Die spanische Musik und 
Hire Meister (1915). 

JUNK, Victor (1875- ): b. Vien- 
na, Dr. phil. and private lecturer at 
the University there; author of Goethes 
Fortsetzung der Zauberflote (1900), Max 
Reger als Orchesterkomponist und sein 
sinfonischer Prolog (1911); arranged 
Hugo Wolf's 'Italian Serenade' and 
Mahler's second sjrmphony for piano 
(2 hands), composed Spieglein an der 
Hand for solo voice and grand orch., 
symph. poem, Durnstein, Die Wildfrau 
(opera in one act, book by Georg 
Hirschfeld). 

KAPP, Jnllns (1883- ) : b. Stein- 
bach, Baden; studied in Marburg, Ber- 
lin and Munich (Dr. phil., 1906); 
founder and co-editor of the Llterar- 



ADDENDA 



Lang 



319 



ischer Anzeiger; wrote and edited bio- 
graphical works on musicians, includ- 
ing Richard Wagner und Franz Liszt 
(1908), Franz Liszt (1909), Liszt-Bre- 
vier (1910), Register zu Liszt's Schrif- 
ten (1910), Liszt und die Frauen (1912), 
Nicolo Paganini (1913), R. Wagner's 
ges. Schriften und Briefe (24 vols., 
1914) and Hector Berlioz (1914). 

KITZIiBR. Otto (1834-1915) : b. 
Dresden; d. Graz; studied under J. 
Otto, Joh. Schneider, F. A. Kummer 
('cello) ; after a short period as mu- 
sical director in Eutin continued his 
studies with Servais at the Brussels 
Conservatoire; was active as 'cellist in 
operatic orchestras in Troyes, Linz, 
Konigsberg, Temesvar, Hermannstadt, 
Briinn; (Anton Bruckner was his pupil 
in composition 1861-63) ; became di- 
rector of the Music Society and its asso- 
ciated music school (1868) and conduc- 
tor of the male choral society; retired 
1898; composed piano and orchestral 
works, also songs; wrote Musikalische 
Erinnerungen (1904, with letters from 
Wagner, Bruckner and Brahms). 

KNElISELi, Franz: The Kneisel 
Quartet disbanded at the end of the 
season 1916-17. K. received the hon- 
orary degree of Mus. D. from Princeton 
Univ. in 1915. 

KOTHEl, Robert (1869- ): stud- 
ied law and music in Munich, prac- 
tised for a time as lawyer but turned 
entirely to music, specializing in the 
study of the old German folk-song and 
lute playing; performed as Lieder- 
singer to lute accompaniment with the 
assistance of his wife as gamba player 
(1903) ; published several collections of 
poems rrabe Rosslein, trabe (1910), 
Mutter, gib mir deinen Sohn (19l5), 12 
books of songs w. lute accomp., also 
one each with lute and gamba, and w. 
lute and women's chorus, partly to his 
own words, a school for artistic guitar 
and lute playing (Magdeburg). 

KRBBS, Carl August (real name 
Mledke) (1804-1880) : b. Nuremberg, d. 
Dresden; adopted by the opera singer 
J. B. Krebs, who trained him for the 
most part. After further study with 
Seyfried in Vienna he became 3rd Ka- 
pellmeister at the Vienna Court Opera, 
Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater in 
Hamburg, where he played an impor- 
tant part in the musical life of the city. 
In 1850 he became court Kapellmeister 
in Dresden and retired in 1872. He 
composed many songs, popular in their 
time, operas, Te Deum, masses, piano 
pieces, etc. His wife Aloysia K. 
Michalesl (1826-1904) was a celebrated 
opera singer and his daughter Mary 
(married Brenning) (1851-1900), a 
pianist of note. 

KRtJGBR, Felix B.: Add to his 
writings Das Bewusstsein der Konso- 
nanz (1903). 

I^ATTG (5) Helnrlch (1858- ): b. 
Laidingen, Wiirttemberg ; pupil of Chr. 



lieichtentritt 

Fink in Esslingen Seminary, of Faisst, 
Peucltner and Doppler at the Stuttgart 
Cons.; teacher of the Stuttgart Prepar- 
atory school (1884-97); organist of the 
Union for Classic Church Music and, 
after Faisst's death (1894), organist 
and musical director of the cathedral, 
teacher for organ, composition, dictie 
musicale and choral singing at the 
Stuttgart Conservatory (1897) ; profes- 
sor, 1900; president of a state organ 
school for teachers, president and one 
of the founders of the Wiirttemherg 
Society for Organists, 1907, vice-pres- 
ident of the Royal Conservatory (1910) ; 
composed sacred songs for mixed 
chorus, motets, folksongs, male chor- 
uses, songs, introduction and double 
fugue for organ, prelude, sonata, nu- 
merous chorale preludes, canons, etc., 
in various collections; edited the Or- 
gan-Album of the Wiirttemherg Teach- 
ers' Fund Society (1896), and children's 
songs (Liederlust) , identified with the 
Wiirttemberg chorale book reform (re- 
port in Evang. Church Singing Society 
on the Wiirttemberg Chorale Book, 
1903). 

LEICHTENTRITT, Hugo: Add the 
list of his published compositions: 
string quartet, op. 1, 11 songs, op. 2, 
13 songs to old German texts, op. 3, 
and Chinesisch-deutsche Tages- und 
Jahreszeiten (German by Goethe), op. 4. 

LISTEMANX (1) Fritz (1839-1909) : 



ADDENDA 



IJistemann 

b. Schlothelm, Thuringla; violinist; 
pupil of Ullrich (his uncle) at Sonders- 
hausen and David at Leipzig Cons.; be- 
came chamber virtuoso to the Prince of 
Rudolstadt, 1858, went to New York in 
1867, then to Boston, member of the 
Thomas Orchestra, 1871 ; joined the 
Philharmonic Club (sextet) In Boston, 
1874, the Philharmonic Orchestra in 
1878 and the Symphony Orchestra In 
1881; taught from 1885, and toured 
with the Llstemann Concert Co. He 
wrote 2 violin concertos, a *(lrand Pol- 
onaise' and Idylle, and songs. (2) 
Bernhard (1841-1917) : b. Schlotheim, 
d. Chicago; brother of (1); pupil of 
Ulrich, David, Vieuxtemps and Jo- 
achim; concert-master in the court 
orch. at Rudolstadt 1859-67, accom- 
panied his brother to America, 1867, 
toured, and was leader in the Thomas 
Orchestra in New York, 1871-74; found- 
ed the Philharmonic Club in Boston, 
1871, toured till 1878, organized the 
Boston Philharmonic Orchestra and 
conducted it till 1881, when the Boston 
Symphony Orch. was organized with L. 
as concert-master (till 1885). He also 
founded the Listemann quartet, was 
soloist and director of the Listemann 
Concert Company, 1885-93, and taught 
first in Boston, then in Chicago, where 
he became head of the violin depart- 
ment in the Chicago College of Music 
in 1893. He pub. a 'Violin Method.' 



320 






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