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CHARLES WILLIAM WASON
COLLECTION
CHINA AND THE CHINESE
THE GIFT OF
CHARLES WILLIAM WASON
CLASS OF 1876
1918
Cornell University Library
NK 4565.B15
Old Chinese porcelain and works of ail i
■■ "■■ ■■■ ■ M III M ■ ■
3 1924 023 327 012
Cornell University
Library
The original of tiiis book is in
tine Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023327012
OLD CHINESE PORCELAIN AND
WORKS OF ART IN CHINA
X
y.
<
I
o
z
Old Chinese Porcelain
and
Works of Art in China
Being Description and Illustrations of Articles
selected from an Exhibition held in Shanghai,
November, 1908
BY
A. W. BAHR
WITH FRONTISPIECE AND 120 PLATES, 12 BEINli IN COLOUR
CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITED
London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne
1911
&
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction i
Notes on Chinese Torcelain .... 5
Glossary of Terms 19
List of Illustrations 21
Index of Articles according to Periods . 29
Index of Articles according to Class . . 35
Description of Articles 41
INTRODUCTION
The present Volume is not a history of, nor work on,
Chinese Porcelain, but is really an illustrated Catalogue
and brief description of the principal objects shown at an
Exhibition held at Shanghai in November, 1908, under
the auspices of the North -China branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society.
For the first time an attempt was made to collect, in
China itself, representative specimens of Chinese Porcelain
and Works of Art of acknowledged excellence and un-
doubtedly genuine.
A long period of time was taken in preparation by
the following committee, whose names are well known in
Shanghai as connoisseurs.
Sir Pelham Warren, K.C.M.G., President of the
North-China branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
Mr. C. Oswald Liddell, Chairman.
Mr. A. W. Bahr, Hon. Secretary.
Dr. J. C. Ferguson, Hon. Treasurer.
Mrs. Ayscough,
Dr. A. Stanley,
Dr. S. M. Cox,
Mr. F. E. Wilkinson,
Taotai Hoo erh mai,
Taotai Shen tun ho,
Mr. T. W. Kingsmill,
Mr. M. Chapeaux,
Mr. G. H. Thomson,
Mr. Zung song ching,
Mr. Wong kai zur.
Chinese Porcelain
Cordial assistance was given by various high officials
of the Chinese Empire, from places so far apart as Peking,
Canton and Nanchang, and was in a great measure due to
the personal influence of Dr. J. C. Ferguson, Councillor to
the Viceroys of Nanking and Wuchang.
Some of the choicest pieces of the well-known collec-
tions of H.E. Tuan Fang, Viceroy of the Liang-kiang, H.E.
King siao san. Governor of Nanchang, Mr. Li chi bai of
Canton and Taotai Hwang chung huei of Peking, were
kindly loaned and selections were carefully made from the
numerous collections in Shanghai and neighbourhood.
The Exhibition was an unqualified success and com-
prised about 3,000 pieces ; a gratifying interest was shown
by the large attendance of Chinese high officials and gentry
at the opening ceremony, when speeches were made by
H.E. Tsai Nai Hwang, Taotai of Shanghai, the late Mr.
T. W. Kingsmill, Vice-President of the North-China branch
of the Royal Asiatic Society, the Hon. Charles Denby,
Consul-General for the United States of America, Mr. David
Landale, Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council, Mr.
C. O. Liddell, Chairman of the Committee ; and mention
was specially made of the services of Mrs. Ayscough, Dr,
Stanley, Taotai Hoo erh mai, Taotai Shen tun ho and
Mr. Zung song ching.
It is hoped that the examples in this volume will be of
interest to collectors as showing Porcelain and Works of
Art which are admired and valued by native and foreign
connoisseurs resident in China. All the pieces owned by
foreigners were obtained in China and mostly with the
advice and assistance of the best native experts.
The Chinese characters on the cover, " Book on Chinese
Porcelain and Fine Arts compiled by Bahr," have been
kindly written for the author by H.E. Lord Li Ching-fong,
Chinese Minister to the Court of Saint James's.
The coloured illustrations are reproductions of careful
paintings by the Chinese artist, Wong chun hai.
Introduction
The author has to thank Mr. C. O. Liddell, of Shanghai,
for collaboration in descriptions originally written of the
various articles illustrated, Mr. F. E. Wilkinson, H.B.M.
Consul at Newchang, for the "Notes on Chinese Porcelain"
written for the Exhibition, and especially Mr. James Orange,
formerly of Hongkong, for valuable assistance in under-
taking to revise and see this book through the Press.
A. W. B.
Shanghai, igio.
NOTES ON CHINESE PORCELAIN
These notes have been prepared for the information and
guidance of those visitors to the Exhibition whose know-
ledge of Chinese porcelain may be limited. It is hoped
that they will stimulate their interest in the subject, and
lend some additional attraction in their e}'es to the many
beautiful exhibits on view. If complaint be made that the
amount of information given is meagre, it should be re-
membered that within the limits of a pamphlet it is im-
possible to go very deeply into the subject. Examples of
every variety of porcelain referred to hereafter will be
found on view, and, if all of them are not the best speci-
mens of their class, they are sufficiently representative to
enable one to form a good idea of the wonderful achieve-
ments of the Chinese potter.
Definition of Porcelain. — Porcelain is defined by Dr.
Bushell, our greatest authority on the subject, as a white,
hard pottery which has been vitrified and made trans-
lucent by firing. The Chinese describe it as a hard,
compact, fine-grained pottery which may be distin-
guished from ordinary pottery or earthenware by the clear
musical note which it gives out on percussion and by the
test that it cannot be scratched with a knife. The bod}'
consists of two essential elements, white clay, or kaolin,
and felspathic stone, or petuntse^ The two are mixed
together with water to form a paste, which is made into
the shape required either by lathe or mould. The piece
is then exposed to the sun to dry and, when dry, the
colour and glaze are applied. This is usually done in one
of three ways — the colour is either applied first and the
5
Chinese Porcelain
glaze after, so that the colours appear under the glaze as
in blue and white ; or the two are mixed together and
applied, as in celadon and single-coloured decoration
generally ; or the glaze is applied first and the colour
after, so that the colours appear over the glaze as in
polychrome decoration. The firing is done, as a rule, im-
mediately after the application of the glaze, so that in
over-glaze decoration the piece must have passed through
the kiln before the colours can be applied, and to fix
them a second firing is necessary. In actual practice
man)' other materials are added to the kaolin and petuntse
in the preparation of porcelain, but they are the essential
elements. In the composition of the glaze, petuntse is also
used, but for this purpose it must be of the very best
quality. It is mixed with purified lime and water, and put
on the raw body with a brush by dipping or insufflation.
Date of Invention. — Chinese literature ascribes the
invention of porcelain to a period some twenty-five
centuries before Christ. Foreign experts are by no means
certain that the art existed before the seventh century
after Christ. No trace of any earlier porcelain can be
found, and it is doubtful whether, until the time of the
Mings (1368-1644 A.D.), any other porcelain than celadons
or single-coloured glazes were manufactured.
CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CHINESE
PORCELAIN.
The usual chronological classification of Chinese porce-
lain is as follows : —
I. — Primitive Period, including the Sung Dynast)' (960-
1279) and the Yiian Dynasty (1280-1367).
2. — Ming Period, comprising the whole of the Ming
Dynasty (136S-1644).
3. — Kang-Hsi (Kanghe) Period, extending from the fall
6
Notes on Chinese Porcelain
of the Ming Dynasty to the close of the reign of Kang-
Hsi (1662-1723).
4. — Yung-Cheng and Ch'ien-Lung (Kienking) Period
(1723-1796), the two reigns being conjoined.
5. — Modern Period, from the beginning of the reign of
Chia-Ch'ing to the present day (i 796-1 908).
Primitive or Sung Period.
The productions of this period are, as might be expected,
of very primitive aspect. The pieces that survive are covered
with glazes of single colours either of uniform or mottled
tint and exhibit either plain or crackled surfaces. The
colours usually met with are white, pale purple, often
splashed over with red, celadon or other greens, pale grey
blue or clair-de-lnne, and deep purple or aubergine. Genuine
pieces are greatly treasured by native collectors, but are not
often seen in foreign collections.
Ming Period (1368-1644).
During the Ming Period great advances were made in
Chinese ceramic art. It was then that the manufacture of
porcelain became concentrated at Ching Te Chen in the
Kiangsi Province, which thenceforward practically monop-
olised the production of artistic porcelain. Here all the
old glazes of repute were reproduced in succession and
newer methods of decoration invented. We now, for the
first time, come across porcelain decorated in colours.
The first form which this decoration took was blue under
the glaze, used both alone and in combination with white.
A briUiant red colour was then discovered which, as we
know from the writings of the time, attracted universal
admiration. Enamel colours, that is, colours applied over
the glaze and which stand up on the surface, were first
employed to relieve and heighten the blue or the red ; then
7
Chinese Porcelain
they began to be used in combination, until gradually they
predominated in the scheme of coloured decoration now
known to us as " Ming Five Colours."
The blue and white made during the Ming Period is
more remarkable for the briUiancy of the blue than for any
excellence of quality. The pieces one sees are usually thick
and heavy, with pitted and irregular surfaces. There is,
however, about many of them a freedom and freshness of
design that makes them very pleasing to the eye.
To the collector the blue and white of this period does
not compare in interest with the pieces decorated in colours,
although to the uninitiated the attractions of the latter are
not always discernible. The decoration is usually in five
colours and, as green is the predominating colour, such pieces
are classed in i\\Q fainille verte. The other colours used are
blue under the glaze, red, yellow and aubergine over it.
As compared with similar pieces belonging to the next
period the Ming pieces of this class left us are poor in
qualit)', shape and colouring. It is their rareness and origin-
ality that make them so very desirable to collectors.
Blanc-de-Chine. — In addition to Ching Te Chen there
were during the Ming Period two other centres of some
note where the manufacture of porcelain was carried on.
One of these centres was Te Hua in Fukien, where the
white porcelain known to us as blanc-de-Chine was pro-
duced. It differs widely from other Chinese porcelain, the
paste being of a creamy white tint resembling ivorj', of
which, in fact, it is meant to be an imitation, while the
thick rich glaze, which has a satiny aspect, blends closely
with the paste underneath. The best examples of this ware
are the well-modelled images of Buddhist divinities, of which,
owing to their careful preservation in temples, many yet
survive, but it was the cups and bowls of egg-shell thickness
that brought most fame to the factory. A bowl of this
egg-shell ware, which is now extremely rare, is on view in
the Exhibition.
Notes on Chinese Porcelain
Celadon. — The other centre was at Lung Ch'uan in
Chekiang, where celadon only was produced. The name
"celadon," it should be explained, is used to describe both
a class and a special colour, namely, the large and varied
class of single glaze decoration and a particular sea-green
colour which was the commonest form of single glaze de-
coration during both the Sung and the Ming Periods. All
the celadon produced at Lung Ch'uan was of this particular
colour. It was an attempt on the part of the old Chinese
potter to imitate the much prized green jade. Celadon is
believed to have been the first porcelain ever seen in
England, a bowl of it having been presented to New College,
Oxford, by Archbishop Warham, in the early part of the
1 5th century. It was exported from China during the T'ang
Dynasty (a.d. 618-906), and was well known and much
valued in Persia and India long before it was ever heard of
in Europe. Owing to the esteem, no doubt, in which it
was held by Eastern royalties the marvellous property was
attributed to celadon of denoting by changing its colour
the presence of poison in the food served in it. At
present this ancient ware is less prized in Europe than by
Chinese and Japanese connoisseurs, who give high prices
for pieces of exactly the correct shape and shade of green.
The factory at Lung Ch'uan was closed before the end of
the Ming Dynasty, and since then celadon has only been
manufactured at Ching Te Chen.
Kang-Hsi Period (1662-1723),
We have now reached — to quote Dr. Bushell — the cul-
minating epoch of the ceramic art of China by common
consent of all connoisseurs. The brilliant renaissance of
the art, which distinguishes the reign of Kang-Hsi, is
shown in every class — in the single-coloured glazes ; in
painted decorations ; and in the inimitable blue and white.
It is impossible within the limits of this paper to classify
C 9
Chinese Porcelain
the various methods of decoration employed during this
period. To do so would merely confuse the uninitiated.
It will be sufficient to mention the varieties most com-
monly met with and those most prized by collectors.
Monochromes. — The glaze is really the master quahty
in porcelain, and many of the single glazes of this period
cannot be passed over without notice. From this reign
we date the three most famous and costly of all, the rare
apple green, the even more celebrated ruby red or sang-
dc-bcetif, and the much prized peach bloom, the glazes in
every case being derived from copper silicates with which
were mixed, the Chinese tell us, pulverised rubies and
other precious stones. The brilliant sang-de-bmif of this
period is really a revival of the "sacrificial red" glaze of
the Ming Dynasty. Peach bloom was discovered later in
the reign. It is described by Dr. Bushell as "a pale red
becoming pink in some parts, in others mottled with
russet spots displayed on a background of light green
celadon tint." Peach bloom has obtained an extraordinary
vogue amongst collectors and fetches absurd prices. A
small vase 8 inches high was sold not long ago for
;^3,ooo. A new bright black shot with purple, the " ravens-
wing" of collectors, mazarin blue, turquoise blue, powder
blue, and coral red were other discoveries, but perhaps the
most brilliant monochromes of this time are the plain
washes of the enamel colours used in polychrome decora-
tion, such as the green of the famille verte.
Polychrome Decoration. — By polychrome decoration
we mean pieces belonging either to the three-coloured
(san t'sai) or five-coloured class (wu t'sai).
Three-colours. — Three-coloured pieces are so called
because they are supposed to be decorated with yellow,
green and aubergine only. The ground is generally covered
with a yellow glaze on which the green and aubergine
appear in diaper patterns or other designs. In many
cases, however, black is also employed along with the
10
Notes on Chinese Porcelain
other three colours. To the connoisseur there is a charm
and fascination about this class of porcelain which is not
always apparent to the average man. Three-coloured
pieces of this period are becoming rare and already fetch
fancy prices.
Five-Colours. — Until almost the very end of the reign
of Kang-Hsi, green continued to be the predominating colour
employed in the decoration of five-coloured pieces, which
are classed therefore during this period in the famille verte.
There are so many examples of this class of porcelain in
the Exhibition that no description is necessary. The
colours used were the same as in the Ming Period, but the
porcelain and painting are far finer. Good specimens of
the famille veyte are not yet uncommon, but the demand
for them in England has made them very costly. Pow-
dered blue vases with white reserves filled with fainille
verte are particularly sought after by collectors.
Blue and White. — The reign of Kang-Hsi is more
famous perhaps for its blue and white than for any other
kind of porcelain produced during the sixty years it
lasted. A specimen of blue and white, to be considered
of the finest quality, should possess five points : the blue
should be of the finest colour, the white the purest white,
the drawing perfectly clean and fine in outline and shad-
ing, the shape elegant in form, and the glaze brilliant and
uninjured. There are very few pieces which possess all
these qualifications, and these all date from the Kang-Hsi
Period. It is impossible to explain on paper what blue
it is that is considered the finest, but the uninitiated may
obtain some idea of what the best is like by examining
the exhibits on view, several of which possess most, if
not all, the five points required. The most beautiful and
valuable specimens of this class are the hawthorn ginger
jars decorated with rising and falling sprays of prunus
blossom reserved in white on a marbled blue ground.
One of these vases was recently sold in England for
n
Chinese Porcelain
;^5,90o. Many attempts have been made to imitate this
class of porcelain, but no genuine connoisseur can ever
be deceived in a piece of good quality. There can be no
doubt that time has done something for the pieces of the
17th century, and to the expert their counterfeits never
look the age ascribed to them. Blue and white has this
advantage over other kinds of porcelain, that the eye does
not need special training to appreciate its beauties, which
are apparent to everyone. Except for pieces of the very
best quahty, the price of blue and white of the Kang-
Hsi period is still comparatively moderate, and there is
plenty of it on the market.
Yung-Cheng and Ch'ien=Lung Periods (1723-1796).
The two reigns of Yung-Cheng and Ch'ien-Lung are
taken together on account of the similarity of their ceramic
productions. The brilliant greens which predominated in
the polychrome decoration of the reign of Kang-Hsi and
earned for it the name oi famille verte are now supplanted
by rose reds of crimson and pink shades. This new style of
decoration is known as the famille rose (fen t'sai).
Famille Rose. — No class shows a gieater variety of
decoration than the famille rose. From the boldly drawn
designs of the earlier pieces it ranges to the miniature
painting to be found on the egg-shell dishes and plates
of the latter years of Ch'ien-Lung. In technique the pro-
ducts of this period are superior to anything of the past,
the drawing being more correct and the colouring more
carefully blended. Yet there can be no doubt that con-
noisseurs prefer the less finished style of the magnificent
famille verte pieces of the Kang-Hsi period. The standard
aimed at, however, during the period under review was
unquestionably even higher than before, particular attention
being paid to the fineness of the porcelain, which was
looked upon not as a mere conve}^ance for the decoration,
\2
Notes on Chinese Porcelain
but as a thing to be admired in itself. It is the opinion
of many excellent judges that, in time, the famille rose
will become the most valued of all descriptions of porce-
lain. Visitors will be able to judge for themselves which
of the two styles of decoration possesses the greater at-
tractions. It will be noticed that the productions of this
period show a marked European influence both in their
shape and ornament, due partly to the influence of the
Jesuit artists at Peking and parti)'- to the copying of
designs sent from Europe.
Blue and White. — The blue and white of both reigns
is inferior to that of Kang-Hsi, the like of which we shall
never see again. Some of the Yung-Cheng pieces are,
however, extremely handsome, the drawing being excellent
and the blue of a very vivid description.
Egg-shell. — Egg-shell china is so called because it is
supposed to be no thicker than the shell of an egg. The
Chinese claim to have possessed the art of making it as
far back as the isth century, and we have already referred
to the cups and bowls produced during the Ming Dynasty
at Te Hua in Fukien. Egg-shell began to be manufactured
again during the period under review and runs parallel
with the famille rose class. As it was made only for
export to Europe, where, towards the end of the i8th
century, egg-shell dessert services were all the fashion,
very little of this ware is to be found in China, In
Europe, on the other hand, it is fairly common in the
form of plates. The fineness of the porcelain and the
beautiful painting on them have caused these plates to
be much sought after by collectors, who will pay any-
thing up to £ioo for a fine specimen. The colouring at
the back of them varies in shade from purple to rose,
whence the name, ruby-back plates, by which they are
generally knowm.
Soft Paste Porcelain. — Although the best authorities
deny that soft paste porcelain, as understood in Europe,
Chinese Porcelain
has ever been made in China, there is a class of porcelain,
also much sought after by collectors, both in China and
abroad, which is generally known by that name. In its
manufacture, instead of white clay or kaolin, a material
called loha she is used. Some of this soft paste belongs
to the end of the reign of Kang-Hsi, but most of it was
made during the reigns of Yung-Cheng and Ch'ien-Lung,
and is therefore classed in the period under review. It
ma}- be known from ordinary or hard paste porcelain
by its light weight, its crackle — though one occasionally
comes across uncrackled pieces — -its fine grain, and the
vellum-like appearance of the painting, particularly of the
blue and white, which is its most common form of decora-
tion. If a piece of so-called soft paste is heavy but other-
wise answers to the description, it means that the body
is not soft paste throughout but is merely coated with
the composition. Some of the blue and white pieces are
very beautiful, and there are many collectors who confine
themselves to this particular form of porcelain. Needless
to say it is an expensive hobb)'.
Monochromes. — There is nothing very original about
the monochromes or single-coloured glazes of this period,
which, with a few exceptions, do not compare well with
those of Kang-Hsi. Special attention appears, however,
to have been paid to flambe glazes. These are glazes
of variegated hues known to us as splashed. The coloured
glaze is applied to the paste, and by regulating, during
the process of baking, the currents of air admitted, the tints
on a vase may be modified almost indefinitely.
Modern Period, from 1796.
This is a period of decadence, and though many beauti-
ful pieces were turned out during the reigns of Chia-Ch'ing
and Tao-Kwang, especially for use in the palace at Peking,
it hardly demands detailed description.
14
Notes on Chinese Porcelain
CHINESE PORCELAIN IN EUROPE.
The adoption of the word "china" into the Enghsh
language as equivalent to porcelain is the best of evidence
that it was from China that porcelain first came to Eng-
land. Chinese porcelain began to be imported into Europe
towards the end of the 15th century. When it first
became known it aroused universal admiration and
wonder. Compared with it, the pottery of England and
of the continent of Europe was at a vast disadvantage.
The first pieces to reach Europe were celadons and blue
and white. They were either brought by travellers as
precious curiosities or were presents acquired by am-
bassadors, and in almost every case were deemed worthy
of a mount in the best art of the jewellers of the period.
The prices which Chinese porcelain commanded soon
stimulated amongst European potters an ambition to
produce something like it, but, as there was no kaolin
to be had, it was a long time before success crowned
their efforts. As soon, however, as they were able to
supply the market, the importations from China fell off
and finally ceased altogether. While it lasted the trade
was a very busy one, whole fleets of ships arriving in
Europe laden with nothing else, a considerable proportion
of the ware being made to order in China from European
designs.
HOW TO DISTINGUISH OLD CHINA.
We have now completed our survey of what might
be called the rise and fall of the ceramic art in China.
A few remarks in conclusion on the methods by which
an expert is able to distinguish an old piece from a new
one, and to tell exactly the period to which a piece belongs,
may perhaps be of interest. In deciding as to the age
of a piece, the composition of the paste and the condition
15
Chinese Porcelain
of the glaze are perhaps the best test. As we have al-
read}^ remarked, a practised eye is able to judge the age
of a piece more or less by its appearance. A Ming
piece may perhaps look old to anyone, but it is only
an expert who can observe the effect of age on a well
preserved Kang-Hsi or Ch'ien-Lung vase. His next
best guide is the colour, a particular shade denoting as
a rule a particular period. In a polychrome piece he
will observe carefully whether certain colours are under
or over the glaze. He will always look, too, at the foot
of a piece, for though there may be no date mark, the
finish here is frequently an indication of the period. A
celadon piece, for instance, made during the Ming Dynasty
has always a red ring at its back, the unglazed surface
where the piece has rested on the kiln. The foot
of a Yung-Cheng piece, of the monochrome class in
particular, is as a rule unglazed, a characteristic rarely seen
in Kang-Hsi and Ch'ien Lung pieces, though occasionally
in Ming ware. A date mark, especially when in the seal
character, is generally, but by no means always, a guide
to the age of a piece. One of the most familiar marks
seen on old porcelain, particularly on pieces made for
the foreign market, is that of the reign of Ch'eng-Hua
(1465-1487), one of the Ming emperors, yet it is very
rarely indeed that a piece bearing this mark is of an earlier
date than the Kang-Hsi Period. The Chinese have always
been lovers of antique porcelain, and they assumed, no
doubt, that their European customers would value their
productions all the more if they antedated them a century
or so. Collectors consequently pay little attention to marks,
taking a piece on its merits, whether marked or not.
Modern imitations of old porcelain naturally abound, but
it is only, as a rule, in the very rare and expensive classes
that the reproductions are so excellent and so minute as
to details that even an expert may occasionall)^ be deceived.
Of all the various classes of porcelain probably mono-
16
Notes on Chinese Porcelain
chromes are the most difficult to judge. It is in this
class that the amateur most frequently comes to grief.
For any persons anxious to go more deeply into the
subject than we have been able to in this pamphlet,
there are many books on porcelain which will assist
them in increasing their knowledge. For ourselves we
must express our particular indebtedness to Dr. Bushell's
"Chinese Art" and to Mr. Gulland's "Chinese Porcelain,"
from both of which works we have quoted freely. Other
useful books on the subject are the " History and De-
scription of Chinese Porcelain," by Cosmo Monkhouse,
and "How to Identify Old Chinese Porcelain," by Mrs.
Willoughby Hodgson.
F. E. W.
17
GLOSSARY
Blanc-de-Chine. — Ivory-white porcelain, called by Chinese
" Fuchien ware."
Celadon. — A pale-green colour resembling jade.
Clair-de-Lune. — Varieties of " heavenly blue " or " colour-of-
sky-after-rain."
Enamel. — Coloured glazes used in painting on the paste which
has been baked or dried ; clear or opaque white glazes for
covering ordinary pottery ; the pigments, used for paint-
ing over the glaze, which vitrify at a comparatively
low temperature ; also the materials used on copper or
metals.
Famille Jaune. — Yellow ground with decoration.
Famille Noire. — Black ground with decoration.
Famille Rose. — Decoration in over-glaze in which rose or pink
colour predominates.
Famille Verte. — Decoration in over-glaze in which green colour
predominates. Three-colour variety generally comprises
green, yellow, and aubergine; the five-colour, green,
yellow, aubergine, blue, and red. All of varying shades.
Flamb6. — Colour of glaze appears splashed or streaked in
combinations of, principally, reds and blues.
Glaze. — The transparent liquid covering put on pottery or
porcelain.
Graviata. — Porcelain which has patterns engraved on the paste.
Peach Bloom. — Sometimes called peach-blow. Supposed to
represent colours to be seen on bud from time of
formation to blossom, and consists of reds and greens in
endless variety of shades ; blots and minute dots in greens
through reds.
19
Chinese Porcelain
Porcelain. — A fine hard pottery, translucent and partially
vitrified ; generally white colour in section, and should
have a clear ring when struck.
Pottery. — A mixture of clays or clay rocks, generally brown,
terra-cotta, or grey colour in section.
Sang-de-Boeuf. — Rich red supposed to resemble the thick
clotted blood of an ox.
Soft Paste. — Probably same material as for ordinary porcelain
or " hard paste," but a glaze is used which requires a
lower temperature to fuse than that required to properly
bake the ordinary porcelain paste.
Under-Glaze Blue. — Pigment applied to the unbaked surface
of the pottery before it was glazed ; firing causes the
colour to sink into the ware and to sometimes tint the
glaze.
20
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Large type for article denotes Coloured Illustrations, of which
there are twelve.
All articles, except otherwise described, are of Porcelain.
Chinese characters printed in illustrations simpl}' denote
Period and Class of Articles.
PLATE ARTICLE
CLASS
PERIOD
OWNER
PAGE
I. Model of a Temple Pottery
Wei
H.E. Viceroy Tiiaa
Fang
42
Vase
1.
Sui
,1 M
42
Vase
•
Han
») )1
42
2. Lamp
, ,,
Five
Taotai Hiuang
Dynasties
chiing liiiei .
43
Incense Burner
n
Sung
ti If
43
Figure of a Camel . ,,
Han
Sien tze za
43
3. Tomb Urn
.
Sui
Taotai Hwang
chung huei .
44
Cup
■
Sung
„
44
Incense Burner
1,
Han
>>
44
Cup
Clair-de-lune
Sung
,, n
44
4. Cup, Dish and Goblet Pottery
T'ang
It 55
45
5. Vase
Sung
Ztv ven ching .
46
6. Tomb Urns
,,
,,
John St. Audley
47
7. Jar . .
,.
.,
A. W.Bahr .
48
8. FLOWER POT
Clair-de-lune
,,
Taotai Hoo erh mai
49
9. Dishes
.1
,,
Bon Ian ziing .
50
Jar .
. Apple green Ming
,,
50
10. Vase
. Blue with
Ch'ien.
Wong kai zur .
51
decoration Lun^
21
Chinese Porcelain
PLATE ARTICLE
10. BotUe
CLASS TERIOD
. Soft paste, Kang-Hsi
Blue and
white
OWNEK
Wong kai zur
PAGE
• 51
Vase
Famille verte, Yung-
Five colour Cheng
n
• 51
Boat
. Soft paste, Sung
White
„
• 51
II. Rock
. Ironstone
Zee kwan yin .
■ 52
12. INCENSE BURNER Pottery
C. L. Freer
• 53
13. Vases
. Soft paste, Early
White Ming
A. IV. Bahr .
■ 54
14. Vase
. Blanc-de- ,,
chine
„
• 55
15. Figure
,,
,,
■ 56
16 Vases
" n
L. Grenard
• 57
17. Figures
M ,,
A. W. Bahr .
• 58
18. Teapots
M 11
,,
■ 59
ig. Kylins
>> !>
,,
. 60
20. Figure
. Five colour ,,
,,
. 5i
21. Incense Burners
. Pottery,
Three colour
„
. 62
22. Vase
Famille verte, ,,
Three colour
Lord Kitchener
• 63
23. Vase
. Pottery,
Three colour
A. IV. Bahr .
. 64
24. Vase
Famille verte, Ming
Three colour
„
• 65
25. Bowls
. Egg-shell, Early
White Ming
„
. 66
26. Vase
. Sang-de- Kang-Hsi L. c. tung
bceuf
■ 67
27. Vases
Ming
/I.E. King siao
san 68
Vase
,, Kang-Hsi ,,
. 68
Vase
. Celadon Ming
!, -1
. 68
28. Gold-fish Bowl
Famille verte, Ming
Three colour
Wong kai zur
• 69
29. Jar
Famille verte, Yung-
Five colour Cheng
Van ytc yuen
• 70
Jar
. Five colour Ming
Lee ven ching
■ 70
Jar
M U
Ma chang kee
• 70
22
List of Illustrations
30. Vase
31. Tea or Wine PoU . Pottery
Teapot , ,,
CLASS PERIOD OWNER
. Blue and Ming L. Grenard
white
Bon Ian sung
Ch'ien-
Lung
32. Writer's Water Bot- Peach Kang-Hsi Kamhentsung
tie and Bowl bloom
Incense Burner
Vase
33. Bottle and Bowl
Vase
Water Cup
Water Cup
34. Bowl
Bowl
Bowl
Plate
35. VASE . .
36 VASE .
37. Figures .
Apple Ming
green
. Soft paste, Kang-Hsi
White
PAGE
• 71
• 72
• 72
• 73
• 73
• 73
Glass Ch'ien- H.E. King siao san 74
Lung
Onion Yung- ,, ,, . 74
green Cheng
Sang-de- Ming „ ,, , 74
boeuf
Famille Kang-Hsi „ ,, . 74
rose
. Blue and Ming Taotai Hwang
white chung huei .
„ Shun-Chih „ ,,
. Famille Kang-Hsi ,, ,,
verte,
Three colour
. Famille Yung- „
rose Cheng
. Famille Early A. W. Bahr .
noire Kang-Hsi
,, n Ma chang kee ,
. Famille Early A. IV. Bahr
verte, Kang-Hsi
Three colour
38. Figures of Parrots,
etc.
39. VASE .
Famille
jaune
40. Puzzle Teapot Famille verte,
Three colour
Lee 'jcn cJiing
Ma chang kee
A. \V. Bahr
75
75
75
75
76
n
78
79
So
Chinese Porcelain
LAT
41.
E AKTICLE
Pair of Kylins .
CLASS
Famille verte,
Three colour
PERIOD
Early
Kang-H
OWNER
] 'ang tien chang
5i
PAGE
. 82
Pair of Hounds
»)
A. IV. Bahr .
. 82
42.
Flower-stand .
11
Lee ven ching .
■ 83
43-
Writers Water
Bottles
R. D. Craig .
. 84
Teapot
,,
. 84
44
Vase
Famille noire
M. Chapeaux .
• 85
45
Brush-pots
Famille verte,
Three colour
A. IV. Bahr .
. 86
Figure of Toad
M
))
. 85
46
Figures
^)
))
• 87
47
Vase
1)
))
. 88
4S.
Figure
■
))
. 89
49
Teacups .
. Egg-shell,
White
"
/. Orange
. 90
50
Vase
. Peach Kang-Hsi A. IV. Bahr .
bloom
• 91
51-
VASE
. Celadon
,,
1)
. 92
52.
Vase
Peach bloom
,,
Li chi bat
■ 93
Writer's Wa
Bottles
ter
"
„
• 93
53-
Vase
Bowls
. White and
Peach bloom
Wong kai siir .
• 94
• 94
54-
Bottles
:,
'5
H. E. King siao sa
n. 95
55-
Vase
. Clair-de- K
lune
ang-Hsi
H.E. King siao sa
J . 96
Pilgrim Bottle .
.
Ch'ien-
Lung
„
. 96
Writer's Water B
owl ,,
Yung-
Cheng
„
. 96
56.
Ginger Jars
. Blue and K
white
ang-Hsi
G. H. Thomson
• 97
Stamp Box
Peach bloom
• ,
,,
• 97
57-
VASE
. Blue and
white
"
A. IV. Bahr .
. 98
58.
Vases
.
..
J1
• 99
59-
Ginger Jars
Vase
•
"
D. Landalc
. 100
. 100
24
List of Illustrations
PLATE ARTICLE
CLASS PERIOD
OWNER
PAGE
60.
Vases
Soit paste, Ka.ng-nsi A. IV. Bahr .
lOI
Blue and
white
61.
Vase
Blue and „
white
La veil yuen
102
62.
VASE
Powdered ,,
blue
A. W. Bahr .
103
63-
Plates and Bowls Famille verte, „
Three colour
))
104
64.
Jars
Soft paste, ,,
Five colour
„
105
65-
VASE . . Famille verte,
n
106
Five colour
66.
Vases
,, ,,
J/o chun lee
107
67.
Birthday Plates
Vase
„
„
loS
108
68.
Bowls
») n
D. Mdnikoff .
109
Bowls
n )i
A. ir. Bahr .
109
69.
Vase
II >i
Ho chun lee
no
70.
Plate
), ,1
A. W. Bahr .
1 1 1
71-
Bowls
>' i<
I.
1 12
72.
Plate
t> It
ri
113
73-
Vase
1, ,,
,,
114
74-
Dish
„
.,
'15
75-
Plates
■< 11
Ho chun lee
116
76.
Dishes
)) n
D. Mclmkotf .
117
77-
VASE
). 11
Lord Kitchener
118
78.
Vase
,,
A. IV. Bahr .
119
79-
Figure of Unicorn
n n
P. Rain .
I30
80.
Vases and Bottles
Famille Vung-
rose Cheng
Li chi bai .
121
Si.
Bowls
,, Kang-Hs
Bon Ian zini^^ .
122
Vase
,, Ch'ien-
Lung
A. IV. Bahr .
122
82.
VASE
Cheng
J. Stirling
123
83.
Vase
E
25
A. W. Balir .
124
Chinese Porcelain
PLATE
ARTICLE
CLASS
PERIOD
OWNER
PAGE
84.
Vase
. Famille
rose
Yung-
Cheng
Ho chun lee
125
85-
Flower-pots
))
,,
)i
126
Vase
))
Ch'ien-
Lung
,1
126
86.
Brush - holder
Bowl
and
Yung-
Cheng
H.E. King siao san
127
Bottle
. Egg-shell,
Famille rose
n
„
127
87.
Vase
Famille rose „
La kii'd sung .
128
Vase
• .
,,
R. D. Craig .
128
Vase
1^
n
Taotai Hoo erh niai
128
88.
Vase
>>
,,
ctAuxion de Ruffl
129
Vase
, Blue and
white
'•
Taotai Hoo erh inaz
129
Vase
Famille rose „
J. N. Jameson .
129
89.
FIGURES
>,
,,
J. Wormald
130
90.
Bowls
. Famille
verte,
Five colour
Yung-
Cheng
C. 0. Liddell .
131
91.
Jars
.
,,
A. IV. Bahr .
133
92.
Bottle
Red and blue
,,
Yu tze sor
133
Vase
■
Ch'ien-
Lung
G. D. Coutts .
133
BotUe
n
»i
A. W. Bahr .
133
93-
Vases
Famille rose
>>
n
134
94-
Vase
1.
1,
,,
135
95-
Vase
,,
,,
B. Rosenhaurn .
136
96.
Bowls
Figure
.
"
A. IV. Bahr .
137
137
97-
Jars
,.
Yu ixe sor
■38
98.
Cups
M
C. 0. Liddell .
139
Vase
•
tl'ontf kai ^iir .
139
99.
Vases and Jars
Famille rose,
Blue and
white
•'
Peter Bahr
140
100.
Snuff-bottles .
Famille rose
Liu wen choo .
141
lOI.
Snuff-bottles .
. Soft paste,
Famille rose
'■
A. W. Bahr .
142
26
List of Illustrations
PLATE ARTICLE
102. Snuff-bottles
. Glass and Ch'ien- Liu wen choo . ■ 143
Enamel Lung
103. Plaques . . Famille Kang-Hsi Taotai Shen tun ho . 144
verte,
Five colour
Plaques and Panel . Famille Ch'ien- ,, „ . 144
rose, Lung
Blue and
white
104. Half-Vases for Famille Ka.ng-llsi, Sieu ize za
145
Screens
verte,
Famille
rose
Yung-
Cheng
and
Ch'ien.
Lung
105.
Plaque
. Famille
rose
Ch'ien-
Lung
Zee lee yuen
146
106.
Plaque
),
,,
Taotai Shen tun ho .
147
107.
Vases
. Flambd
))
F. E. Wilkinson
148
108.
Figures
Famille rose
))
A. W. Bahr .
149
log.
Vase
. Enamel-
ware
t)
D. Landale
150
no.
Incense Burner
»
))
Wong kai zur .
151
III.
Teapots, Plates
Bowl
and „
>»
Dr. A. Stanley
152
112.
Fish-bowl
»i
,,
Wong kai zur .
153
113-
Various Articles
Jade
,,
D. Pecorini
154
114.
Figures, &c. .
»t
,,
„
155
115.
Bottles
Jade, Stone
and Crystal
J,
Yu ize sor
156
116.
Botdes
Glass
j>
Bon Ian zung, A .
Bahr and G.
Thomson
W.
H.
157
117.
Carriage .
. Red
lacquer
»5
A. W. Bahr .
158
118.
Figures and Screen . Ivory
"
Mrs. F. Ayscough
and M. Perinezel
159
119,
Helmet
, Pottery
„
A. Rose .
160
120.
Vase
. Famille
rose
Tao-
Kwang
Sir C. P. Chafer
161
27
INDEX OF ARTICLES ACCORDING
TO PERIODS
Note. — The periods given to various articles are those gener-
ally acknowledged by Chinese experts. Many pieces called Ming
in Europe are ascribed to Early Kang-Hsi in China ; the manufac-
ture overlapped the two reigns. Also (see Plate 80) articles given
as Early Yung-Cheng might be ascribed to Late Kang-Hsi.
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
Pottery
HAN PERIOD. B.C. 206 to A.D. 220.
ARTCCLE
PLATE
PAGE
Vase
. I
42
Camel
. II
43
Incense
Burner
. Ill
44
WEI PERIOD. A.D. 220 to A.D. 264.
. Temple ....
SUI PERIOD. A.D. 581 to 618.
. Vase ....
. Tomb Urn
T'ANG PERIOD. A.D. 618 to 906.
. Cup, Dish and Goblet
FIVE DYNASTIES. A.D. 907 to 960.
. Lamp ....
SUNG PERIOD. A.D. 960 to 1279.
Incense Burner
Cup
Vase
Tomb Urns
Jar . . .
Incense Burner
29
I
III
IV
II
II
III
V
VI
VII
XII
42
42
44
45
43
43
44
46
47
48
53
Chinese Porcelain
Monochrome — Clair-de-
lune
ARTICLE
Cup
1) M
Flower Pot .
'> ?)
Dishes .
Soft Paste— White .
Boat
Ironstone
Rock .
Pottery
MING PERIOD. A.D. 1368 to 1644.
. Incense Burner
. Vase
. Teapot .
Monochrome — Apple
green .
„ Blanc-de-
chine .
Sang-de-
boeuf .
Celadon .
Famille verte — Three
„ colour
M
Five
colour
Soft Paste
- White
Egg-shell
„
Blue and White
Jar . .
Incense Burner
Vase
Figure .
Vases .
Figures
Teapots
Kylins .
Vase
Water Cup
Vase
Gold-fish Bowl
Figure
Jars
Vases
Bowls
Vase
PLATE
PAG]
III
4'
VIII
4<
IX
5'
X
5
XI
5:
XXI
6;
XXIII
6z
XXXI
7-
IX
5'
XXXII
7
XIV
5
XV
5'
XVI
5'
XVII
5'
XVIII
5'
XIX
6<
XXVII
6
XXXIII
7.
XXVII
6
XXII
6
XXIV
6
XXVIII
6
XX
6
XXIX
7
XIII
S
XXV
6
XXX
7
SHUN-CHIH PERIOD. A.D. 1644 to 1662.
Blue and White . Bowl XXXIV
30
Index of Articles according to Periods
KANG-HSI
PERIOD. A.D. 1662 to 1723.
CLASS
Monochrome -
-Clair-de-
lune .
ARTICLE
Vase
PLATE
LV
PAGE
96
}»
Sang-de-
bceuf .
XXVI
67
»i
'»
,,....
XXVII
68
»)
Celadon .
......
LI
92
)>
Peach
bloom .
Water Bottle and Bowl .
XXXII
73
»)
)>
Vase
L
91
)»
„
Vase and Writer's Water
Bottle ....
LII
93
))
>)
Stamp Box ....
LVI
97
Famille verte
-Three
colour .
Bowl
XXXIV
75
„ •
Figures ....
XXXVII
XXXVIII
78
79
>»
n
Puzzle Teapot .
XL
8l
>»
>»
Kylins and Hounds .
XLI
82
))
))
Flower Stand
XLII
83
"
) '
Writer's Water Bottles
and Teapot .
XLIII
8+
»i
)5
Brush Pots and Figure
XLV
86
))
J'
Figures ....
XLVI
87
)»
M
Vase
XLVII
88
>)
)>
Figure ....
XLVIII
89
Famille noire
Vase
XXXV
XXXVI
76
77
„
,,
XLIV
85
Famille jaune
XXXIX
80
Famille verte -
— Five
colour .
Plates and Bowls
LXIII
104
j>
))
Vase
LXV
1 06
»j
')
Vases
LXVI
107
)>
11
Plates and Vase
LXVII
108
j»
11
Bowls .....
LXVIII
109
*>
11
Vase
LXIX
no
31
Chinese Porcelain
CLASS
Famille verte
— Five
colour
ARTICLE
Plate .
PLATE
. LXX
PAGE
in
..
M
Bowls .
. LXXI
112
)»
V
Plate .
. LXXII
113
9)
)J "
Vase .
. LXXIII
114
a
ti
Dish .
. LXXIV
"5
, n
))
Plates .
. LXXV
ii6
))
»)
Dishes
. LXXVI
117
Vase .
. LXXVII
. LXXVIII
ii8
119
»)
»)
Figure of Unicorr
1 . . LXXIX
120
)»
)J
Plaques and Panel
. cm
144
)i
))
Half- Vases.
. CIV
145
Soft Paste —
White
Vase .
. XXXII
73
))
Blue and
white .
Bottle .
. X
51
))
..
Vases .
. LX
lOI
»)
Five
colour .
Jars
. LXIV
105
Blue and White
Ginger Jars
. LVI
97
>i
Vase .
. LVII
98
„
Vases .
. LVIII
99
»i
Ginger Jars and ^
/ase . LIX
100
))
Beaker
. LXI
102
Egg-shell— White .
Teacups
. XLIX
90
Peach bloom
on white .
Vase and Bowls
. LIII
94
,,
11
Bottles
. LIV
95
Powdered blue
Vase .
. LXII
103
Famille rose
Water Cup
. XXXIII
74
,,
Bowls .
. LXXXI
122
YUNG-CHENG PERIOD. A.D. 1723 to 1736.
Monochrome — Clair-de-
lune . Writer's Water Bottle . LV 96
,, Onion
Krccn . Vase ..... XXXIII 74
Famille verte — L i\'e
colour ........ X 51
3^
Index of Articles according to Periods
CLASS
ARTICLE
PLATE
PAGE
Famille verte — Five
colour .
Jar . . .
. XXIX
70
)> ))
Bowls
. XC
131
V "
Jars .
. XCI
132
Blue and White .
Vase .
. LXXXVni 129
Egg-shell — Famille rose
Bottle
. LXXXVI
127
Blue with Colours .
Bottles
. XCII
133
Feunille rose
Plate .
. XXXIV
75
n ...
Vases and Bottles
. LXXX
121
I) ...
Vase .
. LXXXII
123
jj ...
)) •
. LXXXIII
124
J) ...
„ .
. LXXXIV
125
)i ...
Flower Pots
. LXXXV
126
...
Brush - holder, Bow
and Bottle
. LXXXVI
127
)J ...
Vases
. LXXXVI I
12S
)) ...
)) •
. LXXXVIII
129
») ...
Figures
. LXXXIX
130
)) ...
Half-vases
. CIV
145
CH'IEN-LUNG PERIOD. A.D. 1736 to 1796.
Pottery ....
Teapot
. XXXI
72
)) ....
Helmet
. CXIX
160
Monochrome — Clair-de-
lune .
Pilgrim Bottle .
. LV
96
„ Flambe .
Vases
. CVII
148
Soft Paste— Famille rose
Snuff-bottles .
. CI
142
Blue and White
Vases and Jars .
. XCIX
140
)) • •
Plaques and Panel .
. cm
144
Blue with Colours
Vase . . . .
. X
51
))
,, .
. XCII
133
Famille rose
»» ■
. LXXXI
122
J) ...
n .
. LXXXV
126
)» ...
Vases
. XCIII
J 34
j» ...
Vase . . . .
. XCIV
135
M ...
,, . . . .
. XCV
136
)t ...
Bowls and Figure .
. XCVI
137
F
33
Chinese Porcelain
CLASS
Famille rose
Glas*
Enamel
Jade
Cryatal
Pink-stone
Lacquer
Ivory
ARTICLE
PLATE
PAGE
Jars . . . .
. XCVII
138
Cups and Vase
. XCVIII
139
Vases and Jars .
. XCIX
140
Snuff-bottles
. C
141
Half- vases
. CIV
145
Plaque
. cv
146
))
. CVI
147
Figures
. CVIII
149
Bottle and Bowl
. XXXIII
74
Snuff-bottles .
. CII
143
Bottles
. CXVI
157
Snuff-bottles
. CII
143
Jar . . .
. CIX
150
Incense Burner
. CX
151
Teapots, Plates, and
Bowl CXI
152
Fish Bowl
. CXI I
153
Various Articles
. CXIII
154
Figures and Brush-h
older CXIV
155
Bottle
. CXV
156
5,
. CXV
156
11
. CXV
156
Carriage .
. CXVII
T58
Figures and Screen
. CXVIII
159
TAO-KWANG PERIOD. A.D. 1821 to 1851.
Famille rose . . Vase CXX
161
34
INDEX OF ARTICLES ACCORDING
TO CLASS
ARTICLE
POTTERY.
PERIOD
Vase .
Fijrure of a Camel
Incense Burner .
Model of a Temple
Vase .
Tomb Urn .
Cup, Dish and Goblet
Lamp .
Incense Burner .
Cup
Vase .
Tomb Urns
Jar
Incense Burner
Incense Burners
Vase
Teapot
Helmet
Han
Wei
Sui
T'ang .
Five Dynasties
Sung .
Early Ming
Ming .
Ch'ien-Lung
I
42
II
43
III
44
I
42
I
42
III
44
IV
45
11
43
11
43
III
44
V
46
VI
47
VII
48
XII
53
XXI
62
XXIII
64
XXXI
72
XXXI
72
CXIX
1 60
MONOCHROMES.
Cup
Flower Pot .
Dishes .
Vase
Writer's Water Bowl
Pilgrim Bottle
COLOUR
PERIOD
PLATE
PAGH
Clair-de-lune .
Sung .
III
44
M
>»
VIII
49
1,
>i
IX
50
1.
Kang-Hsi
LV
96
J'
Yung-Cheng .
LV
96
l<
Ch'ien-Lung .
LV
96
35
Chinese Porcelain
ARTICLE
COLOUR
PERIOD
PLATE
PAGE
Vases
Flamb6 .
Ch'ienLung .
CVII
148
Jar .
Apple green .
Ming .
IX
50
Incense Burner .
M
n
XXXII
73
Vase
B 1 a n c - d e
chine
Early Ming .
XIV
55
Figure
5)
,,
XV
56
Vases
J)
1)
XVI
57
Figures
')
:■>
XVII
58
Teapots
15
J)
XVIII
59
Figures of Kylins
„
1)
XIX
60
Vase
Sang-de-bceuf
. iVIing
XXVII
68
Water Cup
1)
))
XXXIII
74
Vase
J, ...
))
. Kang-Hsi
1)
XXVI
XXVII
67
68
»» ...
Celadon .
Ming .
XXVII
68
., ...
>,
Kang-Hsi
LI
92
Writer's Water Bottle
and Bowl
Peach bloom
..
XXXII
73
Vase ....
))
)i
L
91
Vase and Writer's
Water Bottle
:,
)»
LII
93
Stamp Box
n
>i
LVI
97
Vase ....
Onion green
Yung-Cheng .
XXXIII
74
FAMILLE VERTE. THREE COLOUR.
ARTICLE
l-ERIOD
TLATE
PAGE
Vase
. Wing
XXII
63
,, ...
5t
XXIV
65
Gold-fish Bowl
1)
XXVIII
69
Figures
. Early
Kang-Hsi
XXXVII
78
,, . . .
n
)5 • •
XXXVIII
79
Puzzle Teapot
)>
>!
XL
81
Figures of Kylins and
Hounds „
)) ' •
XLI
82
Flower-stand .
7»
>>
XLII
83
Writer's Water Bottles and
Teapot
H
,1
XLIII
84
Brush-pots and Figure
•
5)
XLV
86
Figures Early Kang-Hsi
Vase „ „ .
figure „ „ .
Bowl Kang-Hsi .
Plates and Bowls ... „ .
Vase
FAMILLE NOIRE.
. Early Kang-Hsi
XLVI
87
XLVII
88
XLvni
89
XXXIV
75
Lxni
104
XXXV
76
XXXVI
77
XLIV
S5
Veise
FAMILLE JAUNE.
. Early Kang-Hsi
XXXIX
So
FAMILLE VERTE. FIVE COLOUR.
Note.— Pieces attributed to Yung-Cheng may be of a late Kang-Hsi
production.
. Ming
Figure . . . .
Jars . . . .
Vase . . . .
Vases . . . .
Birthday Plates and Vase
Bowls . . . .
Vase . . . .
Plate . . . .
Bowls ....
Plate ....
Vase . . . .
Dish . . . •
Plates . . . .
Dishes . . ■ ■
Vase . . . .
Figure of Unicorn
Plaques
Half-v&ie<
Kang-Hsi
. XX
61
. XXIX
70
. LXV
106
. LXVI
107
. LXVII
loS
. LXVI 1 1
109
. LXIX
1 10
. LXX
1 1 1
. LXXI
1 12
. LXXII
"3
. LXXIII
114
. LXXIV
"5
. LXXV
116
. LXXVI
117
. LXXVI I
iiS
. LXXVI 1 1
119
. LXXIX
120
. cm
144
. CIV
145
37
Chinese Porcelain
ARTICLE PERIOD
Vase Yung-Cheng
Jar ....
Bowls ..... „ . .
Jars ..... ....
PLATE
PAGK
X
51
XXIX
70
xc
131
XCI
133
Boat
Vases
Vase
Bottle
Vase
Jars
Snuff -bottles
SOFT PASTE.
COLOUR PERIOD PLATE PAGE
White . . Sung . . X 51
. Early Ming . XIII 54
,, . . Kang-Hsi . XXXII 73
Blue and white „ .X 51
., ,, . LX loi
Five colour . ,, . LXIV 105
Famille rose . Ch'ien-Lung CI 142
EGG-SHELL.
Bowls
. White .
Early Ming .
XXV
66
Teacups
,,
Kang-Hsi
XLIX
90
Bottle
. Famille rose
Yung- Cheng .
LXXXVI
127
Vase
Bowl
Ginger Jars
Vase
Vases
Ginger Jars and Vase
Beaker
Vase
Vases and Jars
Plaques and Panels
BLUE AND WHITE
PERIOD
. Ming .
Shun-Chih
Kang-Hsi
Vung-Cheng
Ch'ien-Lung
38"
PLATE
PAGS
XXX
71
XXXIV
75
XXXIV
75
LVI
97
LVII
98
LVIII
99
LIX
100
LXI
102
LXXXVI 1 1
129
XCIX
140
cm
144
Index of Articles according to Class
VARIOUS COLOURS.
ARTICLE
COLOUR
PERIOD
PLATE
Bottles
. Blue with
colours
Yung-Cheng .
XCII
Vase
'I
Ch'ien-Lung .
X
II
II
II
XCII
Vase and Bowls
. Peach bloom
on white ,
Kang-Hsi
LIII
Bottles
11
11
LIV
Vase
. Powdered blue
u
LXII
133
51
133
94
95
10^
Water Cup
Bowls
Plate
Vases and Bottles .
Vase
FAMILLE ROSE.
PERIOD
. Kang-Hsi
Flower Pots ....
Brush-holder, Bowl and Bottle
Vases .....
Figures .
Half-vases
Vase
Vases
Vase
Bowls and Figure
Jars
Cups and Vase
Vases and Jars
Yung-Cheng
Ch'ien-Lung
XXX 11 1
74
LXXXI
122
XXXIV
75
LXXX
121
LXXXII
123
LXXXIII
124
LXXXIV
125
LXXXV
126
LXXXVI
127
LXXXVII
128
LXXXVIII
129
LXXXIX
130
CIV
145
LXXXI
122
LXXXV
126
.\CIII
134
XCIV
'35
XCV
136
XCVI
'37
XCV 1 1
138
XCVI 1 1
139
XCIX
140
39
Chinese Porcelain
ARTICLE
Snuff-bottles
Half-vases
Plaque
))
Figures
Vase
I'ERIOD
Ch'ien-Lung
Tao-Kwang
PLATE
PAGE
C
141
CIV
145
CV
146
CVI
147
CVIII
149
CXX
161
WORKS OF ART OTHER THAN PORCELAIN.
ARTICLE
CLASS
LERIOD
PLATE
PAGE
Rock
Ironstone
Sung .
XI
52
Bottle and Bowl
Glass
Ch'ien-Lung .
XXXIII
74
Snuff-bottles
»'
CII
143
,,
Enamel .
CII
143
Vase .
M
CIX
150
Incense Burner .
>,
ex
151
Teapots, Plates
Bowl .
and
CXI
152
Fish-bowl .
,1
CXI I
153
Various Articles
Jade
CXIII
154
Figures and Brush-
holder .
)i
CXIV
155
Bottle
n
CXV
156
,,
Crystal .
CXV
156
„
Pink-stone
CXV
156
„
Glass
CXVI
157
Carriage
Lacquer .
CXVII
158
Figures and Screen
Ivory
CXVIII
159
40
DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES
PLATE I
Model of a Temple, Found in a tomb of the Wei Dynasty.
Hard pottery, warm grey in colour, and green glaze.
Height to ridge, 13! inches.
Period, Wei.
Vase. Inverted pear shape, with curved lip. Buff-coloured
hard pottery, covered with creamy grey glaze. The
design is engraved, and the characters round the upper
half are in fish-roe ground.
Height, 15 inches.
Period, Sui.
Vase. Bulbous body with slender curved neck and spread-
ing rim, from which spring two handles to shoulder.
Light buff-coloured pottery, partially covered with
transparent fine crackle glaze of an amber tint.
Height, 14^ inches.
Period, Han.
From the collection of H.E. Viceroy Taan Fang.
42
Plate I
to- «S*
S> '
^ to:
w m
^i
5
Plate II
fill
^]
!rS
PLATE 11
Lamp, with Cover. Coarse brown pottery, covered sparselj''
with faint greenish glaze. One of. the lamps of pottery
used in early times by the Chinese.
Height, 10 inches.
Period, Five Dynasties,
From the collection of Taotai Hwang chnng httei.
Figure of Camel and Stand. Gre3'ish pottery. Carrying
a load on back and head uplifted. A very uncommon
and interesting specimen of the period.
Height, 15 inches.
Period, Han.
From the collection of St en tzc za.
Incense Burner and ^ Cover. Pottery, with sprinklings of
greenish glaze.
Height, 6i inches.
Period, Sung.
From the collection of Taotai Hivang chnng huei.
43
PLATE III
Tomb Urn. Hard grey pottery, with greenish grey crackled
glaze. Twelve figures round neck, with dragon and
pearl above.
Height, 14J inches.
Period, Sui.
Cup. Hard coarse stoneware, with black, slightly iridescent,
glaze, called in China " Rabbit Hair," known also as the
" slow-drying cup," and is supposed to have the property
of keeping water sweet and fresh with ver}^ little evapora-
tion. Made in Tu-Chein.
Height, 3 inches.
Period, Sung.
Cup. Porcelain, hard grey paste, with pale blue glaze,
known as Clair-de-lune.
Height, 2 inches.
Diameter, 5 inches.
Period, Sung.
Incense Burner, with cover and two handles. Pottery.
Height, 7 inches.
Period, Han.
From the collection of Taotai Hwang chung huei.
44
Plate III
Plate IV
PLATE IV
Cup. Pottery, covered with a thick creamy-white dull
glaze, known as " Ta-Hee " ware, said by the Chinese
to be one of the first attempts to produce white vessels
of pottery ; made in Szechuan ; mentioned in Tu-foo's
book on T'ang pottery, volume 12. This cup is said
to have been in the possession of one family since
the Sung Dynasty, say 650 years.
Height, 2\ inches.
Diameter, 4I inches.
Period, T'ang.
Dish. Hard grey pottery, covered with creamj' white,
rather thick, crackled glaze. Made at Lai-Chu, now
Shing-Chow, mentioned in Chinese books of the Sung
period.
Height, \\ inches.
Diameter, 4 J inches.
Period, T'ang.
Goblet. Stand is fluted horizontally. Very hard red
pottery covered by dull drab glaze. This pottery
has been described by some Chinese authorities as
porcelain, but it fails to fulfil all the requirements of
true porcelain. Made at Nanping.
Height, 5 inches.
Diameter, 5 inches.
Period, T'ang.
From the collection of Taotai Hivaiig eliding Inici.
45
PLATE V
Vase. Pottery, a brown speckled glaze covering body
and upper part of vase, lower parts being unglazed
with twelve heads in high relief of animals of the
Signs of the Zodiac, and inscriptions, under their
respective heads, of each month of the year. It is
a ver}'- interesting vase, and European connoisseurs
are now giving their attention to the early pottery
class.
Height, 14} inches.
Period, Sung.
From the collection of Lee ven dung.
46
Plate V
j^ ^ m ^
Plate VI
^^^^^^^^^^^^^V l^^^^^^^l
!■
^^V^^^l
^^^■|'yy^-< i^^^^^^H
^^^MF- ^y^^^^^^l
^^^^B\ ^^^^^^^^^H
^gH
SiiS
JS, ^- ^t. ^s
PLATE VI
Pair of Tomb Urns. Pottery, covered with a cream-buff
crackle glaze inclined to green in parts, surrounded
with modelled figures and dragons in high relief, sur-
mounted by covers with birds. These urns were ex-
cavated within the last two years, somewhere in
Szechuan, Kansu or adjacent provinces, and though
indifferent specimens are to be procured, perfect speci-
mens in pairs with original covers, and the subjects of
decoration in high relief and good glazes, are very rare.
Opinions differ as to age, but all are agreed that they
are earlier than the Ming period. The author places
the period at the Sung Dynasty.
Height, 2-j inches.
Period, Sung.
Now in the pjssession of John Si. Audlcy.
47
PLATE VII
Jar. Pottery, believed to be of an age before the Sung
period, covered with a creamy glaze and decorations in
sepia of grotesque figtires and trees, with characters
denoting a poem. This is a very interesting class of
potter}^, and a fine specimen.
Height, 12 inches.
Period, Sung.
From the collection' of A. W. Bahr.
48
Plate VII
•^ ^ ^
PLATE VIII
Flower Pot. Hexagonal, curved and indented sections.
Porcelain, with blue and purple glazes over. A fine
example of this ancient ware, which is much prized by
Chinese collectors, considered one of the best of this
class in the Exhibition.
Height, 7| inches.
Diameter, lo inches.
Period, Sung.
From the collection of Taotai Hoo erh mai.
49
PLATE IX
Dish. Oblong hexagonal, with indented edge. Blue-purple
glaze over brown. Clair-de-lune class. This is known
as the early Sung porcelain, and the deep purple and
other colours have a charm of their own : much prized
by Chinese and Japanese connoisseurs, who pay high
prices for good and perfect specimens.
Height, 2\ inches.
Length, 8 inches.
Period, Sung.
Jar. Oviform, with curved lip, apple green crackled. The
quality of the glaze is exceedingly good, and this is a
valuable specimen of the apple green class, so popular
with Chinese and American collectors.
Height, 6 inches.
Period, Ming,
Dish. Round in curved sections, indented and concave edge.
Blue-purple glaze over brown, Clair-de-lune class.
Height, 3 inches.
Length, 9 inches.
Period, Sung,
From the collection of Bon ian zimg.
SO
Plate IX
«?
"(S m*
Plate X
H
x-^'^
u
4 ^
<^
PLATE X
Vase. Bottle shape, blue under-glaze decoration, with
flowers and other ornamentation in two shades of red.
Mark, blue seal.
Height, 8^ inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Bottle. With long neck, soft paste, blue and white, fine
crackle, creamy white and fine blue decoration of vases,
screen, peacock-teathers, etc.
Mark, double ring.
Height, 5 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Vase. Double gourd shape, five colour decoration of dragon,
phoenix and peony.
Height, 8f inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
Boat. With child seated inside, white soft paste, and incised
key-pattern border round edge
Height, 2 inches.
Length, 7 inches.
Period, Sung.
From the collection of Wong kai ziir.
51
PLATE XI
Rock. Said to be excavated during the Sung D3'nasty;
shape is called "The Curling Clouds," and is extra-
ordinary and rare, the usual size being about the size
of a fist. Much appreciated by Chinese collectors, and
high prices are paid for similar articles. This specimen
is said to be famous all over the Empire. The weight
is heavy, and stone resembles iron-ore.
Height, 2 feet 8 inches.
Period, Sung.
From the collection of Zee kwan yin.
52
Plate XI
i^ T^ m ^
Plate XII
PLATE XII
Incense Burner or Bowl. Pottery covered with a green-
tint glaze all over the body and base, and a kind of
ripe-peach red bursting out in large patches and various
size spots on part of the surface. The inside is only
partially glazed to about half an inch from the rim,
whilst the unglazed portion shows a brown-red pottery
of apparently Sung origin. This specimen closely re-
sembles the high priced and much admired peach bloom
of the Kang-Hsi period, and is probably the result of
the firing process used for the later product.
Height, 3| inches.
Period, Sung.
Now ill the possession of Charles L. Freer.
53
PLATE XIII
Pair of Vases, with high neck spreading to flanged rim,
under which are animal-head handles with loose rings
of the superfine quality soft paste or " Fen-Ting," and
covered with a brilliant glaze of a creamy tint. It
is crackled in a most extraordinary way from the
rim to the shoulder. The crackles decrease in size
firom the centre of the neck to the body, but again
broaden towards the base ; the quality of the crackle,
which is even on the loose rings, is a point of great
attraction. Under the glaze are deep and striking
incised designs of dragon and flying phoenix, with
formal patterns on neck and near base. Centre under
the base is also glazed and crackled, with unglazed
surface around. The Chinese connoisseurs prize the
soft paste or "Fen-Ting" even above the famous
peach bloom, apple green, or heavenly blue. These
vases have the same weight as egg-shell porcelain.
Chinese authorities are inclined to place the period
at Sung, but the author is of opinion that the articles
are of early Ming production.
Height, 7J inches.
Period, early ]Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Balir.
54
Plate XIII
;\. ^^ %'jf
Plate XIV
rfe
i^ 'W
PLATE XIV
Vase, Blanc-de-chine. Of the very best shade of slightly-
pink glaze thickly coated over translucent porcelain.
Neck has various floral designs and symbols in relief,
and the body has similar patterns incised in paste under
glaze, the whole producing a very attractive appearance .
This class of porcelain, from the purity of paste and
charm of various shades of white, pink, and cream,
will undoubtedly increase in popularity at no distant
date, and one has only to view a well displayed col-
lection of this ware to be fascinated with its subtle
charm.
Height, 14 inches.
Period, early Ming.
From the collection of A, W. Balir.
55
PLATE XV
Figure of the Goddess Kuan- Yin, standing on a pedestal,
exquisitely modelled and covered with a rich creamy
glaze, Blanc-de-chine. These good pieces of Blanc-
de-chine are now much sought after by Chinese col-
lectors, and are difficult to procure.
Height, 14 inches.
Period, early Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
56
Plate XV
r^
m, ^
Plate XVI
<%
PLATE XVI
Vase, with wide neck, Blanc-de-chine.
Height, 6 1 inches.
Period, early Ming.
Vase, with wide base, lizard coiled round shoulder, Blanc-de-
chine, of exquisite colour in subdued cream-pink trans-
lucent porcelain ; a charming little piece.
Height, 4J inches.
Period, early Ming.
Vase, bottle shape, Blanc-de-chine, floral pattern modelled
in paste.
Height, \2\ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Pot on three feet, Blanc-de-chine, of exquisite colour and
fine condition.
Height, 2 1 inches.
Period, early Ming.
Vase, with long neck, around which a lizard is coiled, of
the best colour of pink-cream. This specimen is well
w^orthy of attention. At present Chinese and Japanese
connoisseurs are keenly competing for this class.
Height, 8 inches.
Period, early Ming.
From the collection of L Grcnard.
57
PLATE XVII
Figure Standing on Waves ; the Priest that walked across
the Yangtsze river on a reed, to escape from the pur-
suit of the eneni)'. According to legend, he was a
deified Priest who had supernatural powers and was
sent from heaven to deliver the South from the North-
ern aggressors. The Figure is of a cream-yellow tint,
of Blanc-de-chine, and the expression on the face shows
the high standard of the art of that period.
Height, 5I inches.
Period, early Ming.
Figure. The God of Study or Literature, with head bent
down in a thoughtful pose. The fine and deep lines
that run through the whole figure make it very attrac-
tive and imposing. It is of the creamy white class 01
Blanc-de-chine.
Height, 13 inches.
Period , early Ming.
Statuette of the Goddess Kuan-Yin, kneeling with a scroll
in hand. It is of the pure white tint of Blanc-de-chine,
and the perfect state, even to the finger tips, is worthy
of attention.
Height, 8 inches.
Period, early Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
58
Plate XVII
#
3*
Plate XVIIl
PLATE XVIII
Pair of Teapots, with dragon handles and dragon spouts.
One of the teapots is of a creamy pink tint, and the
other of a yellow tint, both of Blanc-de- chine class. The
purity of the porcelain is proved b)^ its translucent
qualities. The Blanc-de-chine manufactured in the
Kang-Hsi period has a cold blue-white tinge and can
be easily detected from that of Ming Blanc-de-chine,
which has never been successfully imitated.
Height, 5 inches and 5! inches.
Period, early Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
59
PLATE XIX
Kylins, Blanc-de-chine. This ware is known as the " Fuch-
ien White," and the translucency, on account of the
purity of the material used, is greatly esteemed.
Height, pair, 8 inches ; single, lo inches.
Period, early Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
60
Plate XIX
i^
Plate XX
>v
i, **
PLATE XX
Figure Representing Longevity. Five colour, a light coral
red ground shading over cloak, and designs of flames,
waves, bats, etc., in brilhant glazes of yellow, green,
aubergine and turquoise blue ; a brilliant example of the
work of this period.
Height, 14 inches.
Period', early Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Balir.
61
PLATE XXI
Incense Burners. Potter}-. Three colour, turquoise and
yellow in relief on purple gi-ound. Decoration, one,
with handles of two fish rising out of the waters, and
other, of two K)'lins standing on hind legs ; both are
with animal-head supports.
Height, 6 inches.
Period, early Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Bah}:
62
Plate XXI
i
<
Plate XXII
«^
s, *£^
PLATE XXII
Vase. Pear shape, with spreading neck, Famille verte,
three colour. Decoration, raised design of flowers in
high relief of rich purple, turquoise and cream colours,
and two floral handles on neck in similar shades, the
whole on a ground of light turquoise glaze thickly
coated. Base also glazed.
Height, 1 6 inches.
Period, early Ming.
Noiu in the possession of Lord Kitchener.
63
PLATE XXIII
Vase. With small neck. Pottery, three colour. De-
coration, with purple, turquoise, )'ellow and other tints
of thick enamel. Two panels with flying cranes ; upper
borders boldly outlined with rosettes, lower border
plain bands in blue.
Height, 8 inches.
Period, early Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
64
Plate XXIII
-TV Bfl ,=. 5?^
Plate XXIV
J^ m ^
PLATE XXIV
Vase. Famille verte, three colour. Decoration, leaf pattern
in turquoise on top of neck, flying phoenix and clouds in
yellow and turquoise on indigo blue shading to purple
ground. On lower part of neck, two unicorn-head
handles, in purple, aubergine and turquoise. The body
of vase with flying dragons, clouds and waves in brilliant
colours of yellow, cream and turquoise, all on purple
shade ground.
Height, 13 inches.
Period, Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
65
PLATE XXV
Pair of Bowls, white Egg-shell of beautiful translucency ;
incised in the paste are designs representing various
symbolic signs, with the mark in four archaic char-
acters of Yung-Lo. The paste is of the finest, and the
workmanship leaves nothing to be desired.
These pieces are perfect specimens of the early egg-
shell porcelain, called by the Chinese "Bodyless," and
described by native writers as being produced in the
Yung-Lo period of the Ming Dynasty.
Diameter, 8 inches.
Period, early Ming.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr
66
Plate XXV
ii
•<?
<
Plate XXVI
-^
^ M
*x
PLATE XXVI
Vase. Bottle-shape. Sang-de-bceuf of rich blood red, not
clotted like the Ming specimens, but perfectly clear ;
deep thick glaze, crackled towards top. Base glazed.
Height, 15 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of L. c. tiing.
6;
PLATE XXVII
Vase. Bottle shape. Sang-de-boeuf, crackled, with rich dark
red glaze ; a fine specimen of this valuable and rare
class. Base is of light green celadon crackled.
Height, 4 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Vase. Gourd shape. Sang-de-boeuf, crackled, similar to
above in all details.
Height, 4 inches.
Period, Ming.
Vase. Bottle shape. Celadon crackled, of the same class
as the above Sang-de-boeuf, but instead of the red
glaze it has the deep celadon glaze.
Height, 4^ inches.
Period, Ming.
Vase. Bottle shape. Sang-de-boeuf, crackled. This is also
similar to the first t\YO pieces and of about the same
grade.
Height, 4 inches.
Period, Ming.
From the collection of H.E. King siao san.
68
Plate XXVII
J^ SH -ffr f JR M M-
Plate XXVIII
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PLATE XXVIII
Gold-fish Bowl. Famille verte, three colour. Decoration,
rich deep blue five-claw dragon and yellow flames,
floral patterns and flowers, on coarse white porcelain.
It has the well-known Mohammedan blue, and the
yellow is deep and strong, a colour only found in
Ming specimens ; its very coarseness and grotesque-
ness lend a certain bold charm which is not found in
later periods.
Mark on rim, 6 characters of the Wan-Li reign.
Height, 2 feet 4 inches.
Period, Ming.
From the collection of Wong kai zur.
69
PLATE XXIX
Jar with Cover. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration,
picture of palace ladies in a garden ; colours, on white
ground, principally deep red, blue and green. Base is
not glazed.
Height, 15 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of Van yii yuen.
Jar. Five colour. Decoration, red and yellow gold-fish
finely executed, and under glaze. Diaper band around
the mouth and base.
Height, 13 inches.
Period, Ming.
From the collection of Lee ven ching.
Jar with Cover. Five colour. Floral decoration ; the
green and red are over the glaze, and blue is under
the glaze.
Height, 20 inches.
Period, Ming.
From the collection of Ma chang kee.
;o
Plate XXIX
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Plate XXX
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PLATE XXX
Vase. Double gourd shape. Blue and white. Conventional
borders round neck, middle and base. The body
decorated with dragon, phoenix and cloud scrolls, all
in dark blue. A very fine example of the Mohammedan
blue, which is used in the decoration of this specimen.
Mark, characters in double ring.
Height, 19 inches.
Period, Ming.
From the collection of L. Grenard.
71
PLATE XXXI
Tea or Wine Pots. Pottery, quaint shapes "wath smooth
and even finish of a dark terra-cotta shade. One is
shaped like the shell of a snail, another like a Chinese
egg-plant. The old earthenware teapots are much
sought after by Chinese connoisseurs.
Heights, about 4 to 5 inches.
Period, Ming.
Teapot (in centre of illustration). Pottery. Decorated
with designs of characters and scroll work inlaid with
gold.
Height, about 3 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Bon Ian ziing.
72
Plate XXXI
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Plate XXXII
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PLATE XXXII
Writer's Water Bottle, with small neck and opening.
Peach bloom glaze, with beautiful splashes of green
and pink, producing an exceedingly attractive effect.
Mark, 6 characters.
Height, 3| inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Incense Burner with handles. Apple green glaze, crackled.
This specimen is of a high class, as the colour reaches
the much sought-after shade of the natural green of
unripe apples.
Height, 3^ inches.
Period, Ming.
Vase. Bottle shape, with long cylindrical neck. White
glaze on soft paste porcelain.
Height, 6 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Writer's Water Bowl. Peach bloom glaze, with very
prominent splashes of green and shading of various
pinks ; considered a very fine piece.
Mark, 6 characters.
Height, i\ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Kam hen tsung.
K n
PLATE XXXIII
Bottle and Writer's Water Bowl. Glass. Creamy white
and opal, decorated in fine Famille rose tints. These
are exquisite and genuine specimens by the famous
artist, Ku-yu-sien, and are very rare and costly, being
much sought after by Chinese connoisseurs.
Marks, 4 characters.
Height, T,\ inches and ij inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Vase. Onion green, incised pattern under glaze. An un-
common specimen, and a beautiful colour. Chinese
consider this vase a unique specimen.
Height, 3|^ inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
Writer's Water Cup (left of illustration). Sang-de-boeuf,
crackled. Under base is the
Mark, Ta Ming Ching hwa nien chih.
Diameter, 4 inches.
Period, Ming.
Writer's Water Cup (right of illustration). Ruby coloured
ground, with white and various coloured flowers and
decoration in Famille rose. The specimen is one which
is open to a difference of European expert opinion as
to whether it is of Kang-Hsi or Yung-Cheng periods.
Chinese experts agree to late Kang-Hsi. This piece
is particularly admired by Chinese, and is of a similar
class to the pair of bowls, Plate Lxxxi.
Mark, 4 characters, is that of Kang-Hsi reign.
Diameter, 4.^ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of H.E. King siao sail.
74
Plate XXXIII
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Plate XXXIV
PLATE XXXIV
Bowl. Blue and white. Figure representing "Longevity"
under a tree with eight immortals round the sides.
This specimen presents two distinct shades of blue
approaching the Kang-Hsi treatment.
Mark, characters in double ring, Wan-Li.
Diameter, 9 inches.
Period, Ming.
Bowl. Blue- tinted white, with light blue figures and
flower on sides. On the base in a double ring are
the characters Ta-cheng Shun-Chi. Shun-Chi, in the
eleventh 3'ear of his reign, re-opened the Imperial
Porcelain Factory at Kin-te-Chen. But little porcelain
was made during the short reign of this Emperor, and
pieces are seldom met with.
Diameter, 5 inches.
Period, Shun-Chi.
Plate. Famille rose. Black ground with green and red
floral decorations.
Mark, characters in double ring.
Diameter, 5I inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
Bowl. Semi-eggshell porcelain, fine quality, and is a
good specimen of the Famille verte, three colour class.
Mark, 6 characters in double ring.
Diameter, 6 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Taotai Hwang chnng hiici.
75
PLATE XXXV
Vase. Square shape, tapering towards the base with
cyhndrical neck. Famille noire. The four panels of
this vase represent landscape effects of night, with the
four different phases of the moon. Black ground is
appropriate, being night scenes.
The enamel used in the decoration is very brilhant
and thickly coated ; the landscapes comprise rocks,
mountains, trees, pagodas, boats and flowers ; the neck
is decorated with asters, rocks, etc.
The colour is principally shades of green, with yel-
low, white and aubergine.
Mark, 6 characters.
Height, 29 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
Plate XXXV
Plate XXXVI
PLATE XXXVI
Vase. Oviform shape with expanding neck. Famille noire.
Decoration, prunus blossoms, branches, birds and rocks
in various greens, white, aubergine and yellow on a
brilliant black enamel ground. This is a specimen
known as the ascending prunus pattern, and the black
ground is, as usual, covered with an almost invisible
green glaze.
Mark, 6 characters enclosed in double ring.
Height, 21 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
Frovi the collection of Ma chang kce.
77
PLATE XXXVII
Figure of Kuan-Yin. Famille verte, three colour. The
cloak of whole body is covered with a vitreous cream
glaze, with medallions of flying storks and clouds in
aubergine, green and yellow ; hood or mantle has a
floral pattern also of the conventional three colours.
Height, 8 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
Figure of Kuan-Yin. A light celadon, the bodice of yellow
ground with aubergine, green and black designs ; the
hair of the usual brilliant black.
Height, 10 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
Figure of a Taoist Divinity. All white vitreous glaze except
brilliant black enamel of cap and beard ; this is an
uncommon figure, and the subject is interesting.
Height, 5 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
78
Plate XXXVII
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Plate XXXMII
PLATE XXXVIII
Pair of Green Parrots, with yellow, aubergine and green
plinth stands ; the beak and feet are in biscuit.
Height, i\, inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
Pair of Three-Legged Green Toads, with children on
backs. The children have yellow jackets with biscuit
faces. All are Famille verte, three colour class.
Height, 6 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Lee vcn ching.
79
PLATE XXXIX
Vase. Famille jaune. Pale yellow ground, with rocks,
branches of flowering prunus, and birds, in brilliant
glazes of cream, aubergine, green and blue.
Mark, double ring with small square enclosed.
Height, <)\ inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Ala chang kee.
80
Plate XXXIX
Plate XL
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PLATE XL
Puzzle Teapot in the form of a peach. Famille verte,
three colour. Decoration, ground of brilhant apple
green with one side, a carp with weeds, and other, a
crab in brilliant enamels, of aubergine, green, and black.
Spout and handle have black patches on green ground,
and are h6ld to the body by branches of leaves which
are in high relief and enamelled in brilliant green. The
lower part of the teapot is decorated with a darker
shade of green leaves and aubergine flowers.
Height, 6^ inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From tlic coUccti<j}i of A. 11'. Bahr.
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PLATE XLI
Pciir of Kylins on stands, one with its 5'oung, and the other
%Yith a ball. Decorated with brilliant green glaze and
sprinkling of yellow and aubergine, all lightly painted
in the three colours of the Famille verte class.
Height, 1 6 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Yang tien chang.
Pair of Hounds. Black enamel throughout, excepting the
collar, which is green ; the mouth and teeth in white
biscuit glaze. Famille verte, three colour class.
Height, 10 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
82
Plate XLI
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Plate XLII
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PLATE XLII
Flower Stand. Hexagonal shape. Famille verte, three
colour. The top of stand is pierced. Decoration, prunus
on a brilliant crackled-ice design of green ground. The
painting is executed with the greatest delicacy and
detail. A very rare specimen, and of a high standard
of quality, which is not often seen in these articles.
Height, 7 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Lee veil ching
83
PLATE XLIII
Writer's Water Bottles. Wine God reclining against wine
jar. Famille verte, three colour combination, and all
have fine glazes.
Height, 31 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
Teapot. Shape of a pomegranate. Famille verte, three
colour. Decorated in aubergine, yellow and green.
Height, 3i inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of R. D. Craig.
84
Plate XLIII
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Plate XLIV
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PLATE XLIV
Vase. Square shape, tapering towards! the base, with cyhn-
drical neck. Famille noire. Decoration, eight white
panels of various shapes with vases, utensils, etc., in
aubergine, green and yellow ; four reserves on body
and two on neck with similar colours ; all on black
ground. Decoration is uncommon.
Mark, 6 characters.
Height, i8i inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of M. Chapeaux.
85
PLATE XLV
Brush Pot. Famille verte, three colour ; pierced bamboo
pattern. Design is a rockery (not seen in illustration),
yellow enamel, with bamboo stalks a rich aubergine,
and prunus leaves and stems, green, }'ellow and cream,
intertwined about the bamboo stalks.
Height, 6 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
Three-Legged Toad. Famille verte, three colour. Brilliant
green enamel with breast of white glaze and tips of
toes in black enamel ; eyes of black, with yellow border.
Height, 5 inches.
Period, earl}^ Kang-Hsi.
Brush Pot. Famille verte, three colour ; peacock blue glaze,
pierced bamboo pattern, with bamboo foliage binding
the same together.
Height, 6 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
86
Plate XLV
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Plate XLVI
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PLATE XLVI
Pair of Figures. Faraille verte, three colour ; white vitreous
glaze. The one with yellow cloak and aubergine bowl
in hand, shoe in brilliant green enamel ; the other
has jacket or cloak decorated with a chess-board design
of black, aubergine, green and yellow enamels. The
jovial expression on faces of figures is admired by
Chinese.
Height, 5 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the. collection of A. W. Bahr.
87
PLATE XLVII
Vase. Square shape. Famille verte, three colour. Black
fish-roe pattern on green ground ; eight fan and leaf
shape panels, with Kylins, flowers, butterflies and other
subjects, all in brilliant enamels of the class (black,
3'ellow, green and aubergine). The whole vase is covered
with vitreous glaze of a cream tint.
Mark, at the base, a leaf
Height, 1 8 inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
Plate XL VII
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Plate XLVIII
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PLATE XLVIII
Figure of Kuan- Yin in Grotto. Famille verte, three colour.
Brown glaze, splashed with blue. Head and neck of
principal figure in biscuit, blue and celadon garments.
A dove in white, and vase with lotus in celadon on
either side of shoulders ; at side, smaller figures simi-
larly treated.
Height, i\\ inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. IV. Bahr.
M Sg
PLATE XLIX
Pair of Egg-shell Tea-cups with covers, of beautiful chalk
white quality and extra-thin texture. When held to
the light the rings of the potter's wheel show, and
from the paste and glaze they are undoubtedly early
Kang-Hsi.
This special ware is much admired by Chinese con-
noisseurs.
Height, i\ inches.
Period, early Kang-Hsi.
Now in the possession of J. Orange.
90
Plate XLIX
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Plate L
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PLATE L
Vase. Bottle shape, with long cylindrical neck. Peach
bloom glaze, with splashes of green, on a pink-tint
ground of various shades. A large specimen of this
class of peach bloom variety.
Mark, 6 characters.
Height, 7 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the colleciion of A. W. Bahr.
91
PLATE LI
Vase. On neck are two animal-head handles and loose
rings in biscuit. Monochrome. The body is decorated
in archaic design modelled in paste, covered with dark
green celadon glaze of the Kang-Hsi production of this
class. A good example of the monochrome family ;
the shape, colour and mark made this piece of special
interest to Chinese.
Mark, 6 characters in double ring.
Height, \2\ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
Plate LI
Plate LII
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PLATE LII
Vase and Writer's Water Bottles. Peach bloom. All of
good colours, with prominent green spots and splashes.
The high esteem of this class held by the Chinese is
well known, and it is increasing in favour ; no Chinese
collector can boast of a porcelain collection if it does
not include at least one specimen of this class.
Marks, 6 characters.
Height of Vase, 6 inches.
„ „ Water Bottles, 3 J inches.
Diameter, 5 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Li chi bai.
93
PLATE LIII
Vase. Bottle shape. White ground, with dragon in peach
bloom colours under the glaze. Much esteemed by
Chinese connoisseiu^s, the coiling dragon on a beautiful
white ground gives a charming effect, which is con-
sidered characteristic of the good taste of the Chinese
artist in early days.
Height, 7 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Pair of Bowls. White ground. Design of chrysanthe-
mum flowers and foliage in subdued peach bloom
colours, all under glaze.
Marks, 6 characters.
Height, i\ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Wong kai zur.
94
Plate LIII
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Plate LIV
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PLATE LIV
Pair of Bottles. Pure white porcelain, with decoration of
dragons in peach bloom colours under the glaze. The
colours appear strong in the illustration, but are really
quite soft with the beautiful variety of tints belonging to
the proper peach bloom class. This remark also applies
to the articles shown in Plate liii.
Marks, 6 characters.
Height, 6| inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of H.E. King siao san.
95
PLATE LV
Vase. Amphora shape. Clair-de-lune, sometimes called
" blue as the sky after rain."
This period has the best colour of this celebrated
class.
Mark, 6 characters.
Height, 4A- inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Pilgrim Bottle, with broad neck and handles. Clair-de-lune.
Mark, seal.
Height, 6 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Writer's Water Bowl. Clair-de-lune.
Mark, seal.
Height, if inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of H.E. King siao san.
96
Plate LV
Plate LVI
w^ si'-
PLATE LVI
Pair of Ginger Jars. Blue and white " Hawthorn " pattern,
white flowers on a ground of brilliant blue. Very good
specimens of the famous blue and white Ginger Jars.
Decoration imitating prunus flowers of early spring, lying
on cracked blue ice.
Height, 7 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Stamp Box. Peach bloom glaze, with good sprinkling of
green spots ; a fine specimen of this class.
Height, \\ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of G. H. Thomson.
97
PLATE LVII
Vase. Blue and white. Decoration of asters and foliage
in brilliant and pure blue of varying shades upon a body
of white porcelain.
Chinese connoisseurs appreciate articles of this form
and decoration more than the Ginger Jar so popular
in Europe.
Mark, double ring.
Height, 7 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
98
Plate LVII
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Plate LVIII
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PLATE LVIII
Pair of Vases. Blue and white. Decoration, in brilliant
blue shades on white, of landscapes, with figures, cliffs,
trees, waterfalls, houses, etc., in the conventional style ;
diaper pattern band on the neck.
Height, 2 feet 6 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
99
I I I I I I
PLATE LIX
Pair of Ginger Jars with covers. Blue and white. Decora-
tion, blue on white, landscapes, with hills, trees, rivers
and boats with figures.
Marks, double ring.
Height, 8f inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Vase. Beaker shape. Blue and white. Decoration, blue
on white, conventional landscape, with mountains, val-
leys, boats ; all in fine var3nng shades of blue.
Mark, double ring.
Height, 1 6 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of D. Landale.
100
Plate LIX
4^
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Plate LX
PLATE LX
Vases. Square bodies, with circular necks and bases. Blue
and white soft paste crackled. Decoration of asters
and foliage in blue on white, with horizontal and vertical
bars in relief. A shape much admired by Chinese.
Heights, 6f inches, 8i inches, lof inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
lOI
PLATE LXI
Vase. Beaker shape, blue and white. Ground work, a
minute square-key pattern, and decoration of panels
is in brilliant dark blue colours of several shades. In
panels are landscapes with fishermen, boatmen and
other figures.
Mark, 6 characters enclosed in double ring.
Height, i6i inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection nf La ven yuen.
102
Plate LXI
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Plate LXII
PLATE LXII
Vase. Powdered blue. Decoration, three sages and storks
and child in Famille verte colours upon a brilliant blue
ground.
The liberal use of gilt in various scroll work adds
to the attractiveness of this class.
Height, 17 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
103
PLATE LXIII
Pair of Plates. Famille verte, three colour. Under the
glaze inside and outside, five-claw dragons and clouds
are engraved in the paste. Decoration, peaches, pome-
granates and foliage in blue, yellow, aubergine and
green enamels, and around the rim on the outside with
roses and fohage in the same colours. The plates are
representative of the best period of the early eigh-
teenth century, and the peculiar glaze, when held in
a strong light, reflects pleasing rainbow tints.
Marks, 6 characters in double ring.
Diameter, 9I inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Pair of Bowls. Semi-eggshell porcelain of fine quality ;
the colours, etc., are of the same grade and style as
above.
Marks, 6 characters in double ring.
Height, 2f inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
104
Plate LXIII
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Plate LXIV
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PLATE LXIV
Set of Three Jars. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration,
pheasants, rocks, chrysanthemum, butterflies, etc., upon
a body of soft paste with a beautiful floating glaze. The
crackle commences from the base and reaches about
half-way up. The paste unquestionably approaches the
soft paste quality, and is not the usual hard standard
of this class of decorated porcelain ; and from the
colour and texture of the Famille verte enamels these
jars show that five colour decoration on soft paste was
probably commenced about the middle of the Kang-
Hsi period.
Height, of Jars, 8 inches and i6 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Frovi the collection of A. W. Bahr.
105
PLATE LXV
Vase. Square shaped and tapering. Famille verte, five
colour. Decoration, interiors with figures very finely
drawn, and with enamels of various shades of the five
colours. This piece was particularly admired by the
Chinese on account of the purity of the enamels, the
many shades of colours, and the brilliant glaze ; also for
the square spreading neck, which is unusual.
Height, 19I inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
106
Plate LXV
3-
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Plate LXVI
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PLATE LXVI
Vase. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration, a rich coral
red figure, representing a Demon with attendants, in
various colours, diaper red ground, with four reserves of
butterflies, etc., and bamboo foliage on the neck.
Height, 17^ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Vase. Double gourd shape. Famille verte, five colour. De-
coration, a figure of one of the eight Immortals on the
crest of waves, and storks painted in rich enamels and
finely executed.
Height, 14 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Vase. Oviform. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration,
figure of God of Heaven and other Immortals ; a green
ground diaper pattern on the shoulder, with four panels
of butterflies, etc., all in brilhant enamels.
Height, 17 J inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Ho chim lee.
107
PLATE LXVII
Pair of Birthday Plates. Famille verte, five colour. Decora-
tion, coral red fancy border in which are four medal-
lions with characters representing " Longevity." The
centre decoration is of a lady with maid, a chariot, and
deer, in fine and brilliant green and coral red colours.
Marks, 6 characters in double blue rings.
Diameter, lo inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Vase. Famille verte, five colour . Decoration, student read-
ing under an old tree in autumn ; brilliantly enamelled
and of fine porcelain. The style of the painting is of
the classic order, and this is a specimen of the best
of Kang-Hsi productions.
Height, I of inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Ho chun lee.
1 08
Plate LXVII
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Plate LXVIII
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PLATE LXVIII
Four Bowls, Famille verte, five colour. Decoration re-
presents palace ladies, with long graceful robes, walking ;
chariot preceding attached to a Kylin ; deer and rocks
at back. The robes of the ladies are all of different
coloured enamels, and the brilliancy of these enamels
must be seen to be appreciated. These are very fine
and rare bowls, as the exquisite miniature painting on
them is not usually found in Famille verte pieces ; it
is more in accord with the quality of the Yung-Cheng
artists than with the stronger and more brilliant enamels
of the Kang-Hsi Famille verte. The painting is exceed-
ingly minute.
Marks, 6 characters, Ming mark, in double ring.
Height, 2\ inches.
Diameter, 5^ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collections of D. Melnikoff and A. W. Bahr.
109
PLATE LXIX
Vase. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration, large figures
of ladies examining scrolls, playing chess, musical instru-
ments, etc. ; on shoulder are four medallions enclosing
floral designs ; on neck, rocks and bamboos are the
principal decorations, with small key-pattern ground on
side of rim . The enamel used in decoration of this piece
is of the highest quality, and the black is particularly
brilliant. This is probably a late production of this
period.
Height, I J inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Ho chun lee.
no
Plate LXIX
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Plate LXX
-^ f^ Mr ^, :^ ^^
PLATE LXX
Plate. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration, three figures
at a table of rock, two are playing chess, with surround-
ings of rocks, fir trees, etc., in brilliant colours of green,
red, aubergine, yellow and blue ; the green enamel pre-
dominates and shows to fine effect.
Mark, leaf and fillet in double ring.
Diameter, 15^ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
Ill
PLATE LXXI
Bowls. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration, agricultural
and domestic scenes. The brilliant enamels used and
the technique in the drawing are of high quality. The
rich and beautiful enamels used during the middle part
of the period of Kang-Hsi are all represented in their
various tints to the best effect and advantage. It is
said that the Emperor Kang-Hsi had a special liking
for agricultural subjects, and accordingly ordered the
best artists in the Imperial Pottery works to give par-
ticular attention to this class of decoration. The porce-
lain is hard and pure white, and there are no marks
at the base. Inscription, explaining the subject in
poetical terms, is written in gold characters on each
bowl, with the seal of the artist and writer.
Height, 3^ inches.
Dia?neter, 'j\ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
1 12
Plate LXXI
21^
Plate LXXII
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PLATE LXXII
Plate. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration, house in
valley, with figures on the balcony, surrounded with
mountains and with trees in blossom. It is enamelled
in brilliant colours of green and blue especially, with a
trace, hardly perceptible, of red, giving almost the ap-
pearance of a three colour plate. This plate is very
attractive as a fine piece of landscape drawing, besides
being an uncommon subject in Famille verte dishes.
Mark, diamond with fillet in double ring.
Diameter, 15]- inches. '-\
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
113
PLATE LXXIII
Vase, with cylindrical neck and upright flanges. Famille
verte, five colour. Decoration, various floral designs,
with conventional asters in coral red evenly distributed
on green ground. Two large panels have pictures of, on
one side, a romantic scene, and on other an audience of
military officials ; also four fan-shaped panels of flowers,
trees, etc., all in briUiant enamels of the highest quality.
On shoulder are also four small reserves of asters ;
neck is decorated with a bamboo in sepia tones.
Height, 1 8 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
114
Plate LXXIIl
Mr sp. JL *5
Plate LXXIV
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PLATE LXXIV
Dish, with deep sides and sloping flange. Famille verte
five colour. Decoration, in centre, two female figures
seated in garden under a willow tree, from which a bird
in a cage is suspended. The sides are white, except a
narrow battleraented border round the bottom. The
flange has a ground of frog-spawn diaper, with chry-
santhemum and berries ; six white reserves contain
various symbols.
Height, 6 inches.
Diameter, i6 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
IIS
PLATE LXXV
Pair of Plates. Famille verte, five colour. Celebrated as
the Birthday plates, said to have been made to com-
memorate the sixtieth birthday of the Emperor Kang-Hsi.
The decoration of pheasants, storks, peacocks and other
birds, trees and flowers is all in the most perfect Chinese
taste. The colouring, which is of a subdued tone, never-
theless excels in purity of enamels, and undoubtedly
shows the excellence of the production of this period.
Border of these plates is decorated in fancy diaper
designs, with four medallions containing the character
" Longevity."
Marks, 6 characters in double ring.
Diameter, lo inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Ho chiui lee.
ii6
Plate LXXV
^ '-ic ^ ^ix ;sL ^s
Plate LXXVI
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PLATE LXXVI
Dish, Famille verte, five colour. Decoration, a basket of
flowers in centre, surrounded by diaper border, with
flowers in reserves.
Diameter, 13I inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Dish. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration, mounted
figures in landscape.
Mark, flowers in double ring.
Diameter, io| inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Dish. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration, two females
with a child on verandah of house, and plum tree with
red blossoms. A diaper border with decorated reserves.
Diameter, ?>\ inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of D. ^lelnikqff.
117
PLATE LXXVII
Vase. Famille verte, five colour. Decoration, coral red and
white diaper ground, bearing turquoise blue chrysanthe-
mum. Two panels, one containing " Mynah " birds, in
black, perched on a branch of red prunus ; other, a pair
of jays perched on a branch of magnoha. Four circular
reserves in white, two on each side, containing land-
scapes, insects and flowers, all painted in brilliant
enamels. This specimen is a very ornate and brilhant
piece of Famille verte ; the colours of the enamel are
of the highest qualit)^ and the execution by the artist
leaves nothing to be desired.
Mark, double ring in blue.
Height, i8f inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Noiv in the possession of Lord Kitchener.
118
Plate LXXVII
Plate LXX\'III
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PLATE LXXVIII
Vase. Wide mouth with flange. Famille verte, five colour.
Decoration, bold scroll or fringe-like pattern, foliated
borders, with diaper and flower pattern in rich enamels.
White body, with medallions and characters in colour.
Height, 1 6 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Fro7n the collection of A. W. Bahr.
119
PLATE LXXIX
Figure of Unicom. Famille verte, five colour. The ground
of body pencilled in rich bro^Yn, chest decorated in a
vivid hue of coral red, horns of yellow with black stripes,
face of various tints of Famille verte ; and stand of a
cloud pattern, decorated in brilliant tints of yellow,
green, aubergine and red. Considered to be an uncom-
mon specimen.
Height, 6f inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Now in the possession of P. Ralli.
120
Plate LXXIX
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Plate LXXX
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PLATE LXXX
Four Pairs of Miniature Vases and Bottles. Famille rose,
painted with good taste and delicate colours. They are
fine specimens of the early Yung-Cheng colour and
drawing, and the porcelain is also of superfine quality.
Probably made at the Imperial Works for palace use
only.
Marks, 6 characters of the period.
Height, 2{ inches to 3J inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of Li clii bai.
121
PLATE LXXXI
Pair of Bowls. Famille rose. Ruby ground with lilies,
peonies and marguerites, all in fine enamels. These are
very rare specimens, there being but little Famille rose
with Kang-Hsi mark (see remarks on Writer's Water
Bottle, Plate xxxiii).
Marks, raised characters in seal border.
Height, 2| inches.
Diameter, 5 inches.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Bon Ian zung.
Vase. Bottle shape, sloping shoulder to neck, with flange
top. Famille rose. Pea green graviata ground, with
red, blue and pink flowers, rose-coloured scarf around
the neck. Children, in various coloured garments, around
the shoulder and base. The bright and finely finished
little figures make a striking contrast to the even colour-
ing of the graviata ground.
Height, 15 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of A. W. Balir.
122
Plate LXXXI
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Plate LXXXII
PLATE LXXXII
Vase. Oviform. Famille rose. Decoration, plum blossoms,
branches, leaves and birds, in finest Famille rose tints,
and fungus in coral red, all on a pure white ground.
This style of form, decoration and colouring is particu-
larly admired by Chinese.
Height, 1 6 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
A^ow in the possession "f /■ Stirling.
123
PLATE LXXXIII
Vase. Famille rose. Decoration, utensils, fruits, flower
baskets, vases, incense burners, etc., in high relief with
paintings of butterflies. Fish-roe ground of light green
around the shoulder of vase, with six asters of yellow
and light shades, merging at neck into an " ee " ground
of rich brown with rocks, clouds and foliage in Famille
rose tints and in high relief
Height, 1 7 J, inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
124
Plate LXXXIIl
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Plate LXXXIV
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PLATE LXXXIV
Vase. Oviform, with narrow neck and spreading mouth.
Famille rose. Decoration, rocks, birds and flowers in
finest tints of Famille rose of this period. The painting
is exceedingly good and probably by an artist of repute ;
the porcelain is of a particularly fine quality.
Height, 10 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of Ho chun lee.
125
PLATE LXXXV
Pair of Square Flower Pots. Famille rose. Decoration
on one, cow-boy riding and playing the flute, on other,
an old man riding on donkey, with boy following ;
painted in soft tints of sepia and various colours. The
delicac}' of painting and contrasts of shades of sepia
and colours on the exquisite white, put these pieces
in the very first rank of the productions of this period.
Height, 5i inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
Vase. Bottle-shape. Famille rose. Decoration, in blue
under the glaze, trees, rocks, etc. ; and numerous mon-
ke)'s in sepia, red and other tints, finely drawn with
much detail.
Height, 10 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Ho cktin lee.
126
Plate LXXXV
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Plate LXXXVI
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PLATE LXXXVI
Brush Holder. Famille rose. Decoration, old men playing
Chinese chess. The special point of this article is the
strength and purity of the colour used.
Height, II J inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
Bowl. Famille rose. Decoration, rows of branches bearing
peach blossoms of exquisite and pleasing colours, in
the Ku-yu-sien style of painting.
Height, 2 inches.
Period, Yung- Cheng.
Bottle. Famille rose. Egg-shell porcelain. Decoration,
two figures and rocks in attractive colours and fine
finish. A rare and much prized specimen.
Height, 5^ inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng,
From the collection of H.E. King siao san.
127
PLATE LXXXVII
Vase. Famille rose. Decoration, lady in wheel-chair, with
a yellow stag, and surrounded by attendants.
Height, 17 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of La kwei sung.
Vase. Famille rose. Decoration, peonies and prunus blos-
soms ; two birds in black, pale blue, and white ; two
birds in two shades of brown.
Height, ijl inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of R, D. Craig.
Vase. Famille rose. Decoration, two ladies seated at a
table, with others playing musical instruments.
Height, 16 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of Taotai Hoo crh mai.
128
Plate LXXXVII
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Plate LXXXVIII
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PLATE LXXXVIII
Vase. Oviform, with neck expanding to a wide rim.
Famille rose. Decoration, figures and willow tree ; a
double border in green around the shoulder.
Height, 1 6 1 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of (T Auxion de Rujfe.
Vase. Cylindrical, with curved neck. Blue and white.
Decoration, figures, spotted stag, and palm trees.
Height, 1 8 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of Taotai Hoo crh mai.
Vase. Oviform, with neck expanding to a wide rim.
Famille rose. Decoration, figures, one mounted on a
hon.
Height, 1 6^ inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of J. N. Jameson.
129
PLATE LXXXIX
Pair of Figures. Famille rose. Decoration, one figure with
a coral red cloak, gold pencilled reserves of flying
phcenix with band around the edge of the cloak in
green with floral designs ; in hands, small urn and
vase.
Other figure decorated with a green cloak, and re-
serves, in black, with dragons, the band or girdle in
brown with floral designs ; in hands, lotus leaf and
flower and coral red vase.
Height, 8 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
Now in the possession of J. Wormald.
130
Plate LXXXIX
Plate XC
S|
PLATE XC
Pair of Bowls, with covers. Famille verte, five colour,
semi-eggshell. Decoration, dragons and clouds, under-
glazed blue, and brilliant over-glazed enamels.
Marks, characters.
Height, 5 inches.
Diameter, 8 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
Bowl, with cover. Famille verte, five colour, semi-eggshell.
Decoration, spray of red prunus blossom, and birds ;
under-glazed blue, and fine over-glaze enamels.
Mark, characters.
Height, 5 inches.
Diameter, 8 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of C. O. Liddell.
131
PLATE XCI
Pair of Jars, with covers. Famille verte, five colour. De-
coration, ladies and children playing, reading, etc. The
enamels are of a light and brilliant class and show no
trace of rose, so that, though the design and porcelain
denote the period as Yung-Cheng, the colour of the
enamels would seem to be Kang-Hsi. Unglazed base.
Height, 15 inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
132
Plate XCI
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Plate XCII
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PLATE XGII
Bottle. Red and blue. Decoration, rich red and salmon
coloured dragon in blue clouds, all well drawn in bold
design. A fine specimen of the under-glaze work of
this period ; the colours are very striking.
Mark, Ming characters.
Height, 12 J inches.
Period, Yung-Cheng.
From the collection of Yu tze sor.
Vase, with dragon handles on neck. Red and blue. Decor-
ation, coral red bats flying in blue clouds, blue formal
band on rim, neck and near base. The effect of the
style of decoration is very pretty and attractive.
Mark, blue seal.
Height, 2\\ inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of G. D. Coutls.
Bottle. Red and blue. Decoration, on white ground with
red and peach bloom tints and green spots, Kylins
playing with a ball, peach bloom colours, and blue
ribbons flying loose. Formal diaper band, red and peach
bloom tints, on rim of neck and on shoulder, blue diaper
pattern near base, all under glaze. A fine specimen of
this class.
Mark, blue seal.
Height, ii| inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
133
PLATE XCIII
Pair of Vases, double gourd shape (or so-called Pilgrim
bottles), with handles. Famille rose. Coral red ground,
with gold decorations and two panels in white, containing
figures of boys playing at different games. Colours of
fine quality and painting good. The coral red ground
harmonises very well with the Famille rose tints. These
vases are uncommon, and the seal mark is of an Im-
perial Pottery.
Marks, blue square seal of 6 characters on turquoise ground.
Height, 7 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
134
Plate XCIII
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Plate XCIV
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PLATE XCIV
Vase. Pear shape, with short neck and wide mouth, and
dragon handles. Famille rose. The decoration is known
as " Mille Cerf." The colouring is chiefly in browns
and greens. The stems of pines are sepia and browns,
drawing of the hills sepia and coloured in browns and
green, some of the peaks are in blue enamel.
Mark, square seal in blue.
Height, 17^ inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
135
PLATE XCV
Vase. Bottle shape, with cyhndrical neck. Famille rose.
Decoration, on white ground, a prunus tree with blos-
soms of pink, red and coral red, and sepia branches with
shadings of a dull yellow ; four magpies perched on the
branches.
Mark, square seal in blue.
Height, 20 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of B. Roscnhanm.
136
Plate XCV
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Plate XCVI
PLATE XCVl
Pair of Bowls. Fatnille rose. Decoration, called " Mille
Fleur." Conventional flowers on yellow ground. These
bowls were only used at the Imperial table.
Marks, raised blue seal, 4 characters with double lined
border.
Height, 2 1 inches.
Diameter, 6 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Figure of Kuan- Yin. Famille rose. Apron has floral design
black on green, cloak also has floral design in creamy
white ; Famille rose decorations on beads, etc.
Height, 13 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
137
PLATE XGVII
Pair of Jars, with covers. Famille rose. Turquoise blue
enamel ground, covered with flowers in various coloured
enamels, and outlined in gold. This pair of vases is a high-
class production of the Ch'ien-Lung period ; the execution
of the drawing is wonderfully fine and accurate, and
shade of the turquoise ground is superb.
Marks, red seal and 6 characters.
Height, 1 6 inches
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the coUection of Yu tze sor.
'38
Plate XCVII
M
Plate XCVIII
^
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PLATE XCVIII
Pair of Cups. Famille rose. " Mille Fleur." Floral de-
coration in enamels, covering the exterior ; gilt edge. A
brilliant class of production of this period ; the many
colours of all kinds of flowers crowded on the surface
give an artistic and pleasing effect.
Height, 2\ inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of C. O. Liddell.
Vase. Famille rose. Decoration, landscape of hill, with
temples and fine trees. This vase is of the style known
as Ku-yu-sien, and the soft tints and beautiful execution
are much admired by Chinese connoisseurs.
Height, 8 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Wong kai ziir.
139
PLATE XCIX
Miniature Vases and Jars. Famille rose. Blue and
white. This was an interesting exhibit ; most of the
articles are very delicately drawn, with figures, etc., in
fine colours.
Height, I inch to 2 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Peter Bahr.
140
Plate XCIX
^^ ^^ $t T^ '4^ ^^
Plate C
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PLATE C
Porcelain Snuff Bottles. Famille rose. Delicately painted
with flowers, children, etc., in variegated colours ; flat
in shape, with jade and glass stoppers fitted.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Liu wen choo.
141
PLATE CI
Snuff Bottles. Faniille rose. Fine crackled soft paste,
mostly decorated in Famille rose colours and subjects
in high relief ; two are delicately pierced.
Height, from 2 inches to 2\ inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of A. W. Bahr.
142
Plate CI
S
Plate ClI
PLATE CII
Five Snuff Bottles. Glass, with exquisite drawings of
landscapes, flowers, etc., in variegated colours, and with
jade stoppers. Two of these are drawn by the famous
artist Ku-yu-sien, and are extremely rare and much
sought after by Chinese collectors.
Marks, characters.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Four Snuff Bottles. Enamel on copper, finely drawn, with
landscapes, flowers, etc., in colours.
Marks, characters.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From, the collection of Liu iven choo.
143
PLATE cm
Pair of Framed Sets of Porcelain Plaques. Famille verte,
five colour. Frame on left of illustration has centre
plaque, 8f inches square, decorated with landscape ;
floral designs on side panels. Frame on right of illus-
tration has centre plaque of same size, decorated with
audience chamber and figures ; side panels of floral
designs.
Period, Kang-Hsi.
Panel, 2of inches square. Blue and white porcelain char-
acters and figures, inlaid on a groundwork of painted
cement.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Framed Plaque. Blue and white porcelain, with landscape
decoration.
Size, 14 inches by 12 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Framed Plaque on stand. Famille rose. Decoration, land-
scape, with trees and temples, finely painted in five
colour enamels.
Size, i6}f inches by 13^ inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Framed Porcelain Picture Plaque. Famille rose. The
subject, man in a boat, and man seated on rock above,
is in porcelain and inlaid on a groundwork of painted
cement.
Size, 25^ inches by 16 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From ike collection of Taotai Shen tun ho.
144
Plate GUI
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Plate Cl\
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PLATE CIV
Panels, on which are fixed half vases and beakers of por-
celain from 8 inches to 12 inches high, mostly Famille
rose, all exquisitely decorated and of equal standard
of quality with whole vases of same style and period.
This form of ornament is much esteemed by Chinese
for use in important rooms.
Periods, Ch'ien-Lung, Yvmg-Cheng, and Kang-Hsi.
From the collection of Sien (zc za.
145
PLATE CV
Porcelain Plaque. Framed and on stand. Famille rose.
Decoration, mountains, lakes and rapids, temples and
houses, with trees and high cliffs, finely painted in Famille
rose enamels.
These plaques are generally placed at the side of the
main table in reception halls, with a vase on other
side, and are articles of decoration much prized by the
Chinese gentry.
Size, 24 inches by 18 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Zee lee yuen.
146
Plate CV
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X-'Ji- ?-5
Plate CM
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Hlllt-
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PLATE GVI
Plaque. Framed. Famille rose. Porcelain figures inlaid
on neutral-tint painted cement ground.
The figures, "eight Immortals," are decorated in
various tints of Famille rose enamels and in slight
relief, which gives a striking appearance to the picture.
The name of the artist is given on the two porcelain
seals at the left side. This plaque is used as a picture,
and placed on walls.
Size, 43 inches by 24 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Taotai Shftt tun ho.
14;
PLATE CVII
Pair of Vases, with handles on neck. Flambe of red tint
with splashes of blue and grey.
Height, lo inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Vase. Flambe in reds and greens. The Flambe class is very-
popular with Chinese collectors, and the extraordinary
variety of shades is very remarkable.
Height, 8 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Vase. Double gourd shape. Flambe in red, blue, purple, and
yellow.
Height, 9 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of F. E. Wilkinson,
148
Plate CVII
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Plate CVIII
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PLATE CVIII
Figures. Famille rose. Three Immortals, representing
" Longevity," happiness, and rank or fortune. Robes
are highly ornamented with variegated colours. The
stands are a yellow ground with diaper pattern in blue
and other enamels, with a pewter rim to preserve edges.
Height, 24 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the colkction of A. W. Bahr.
149
PLATE CIX
Vase. Peking enamel on copper. Design of an embroidered
kerchief knotted around top of vase, which has a ground
of rich red, with various scrolls and floral designs of
Famille rose tints. This is a rare specimen of the ware,
and drawing is superior and workmanship perfect.
Height, 12 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of D. Landale.
150
Plate CIX
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Plate CX
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PLATE CX
Incense Burner. Peking enamel on copper. Decoration
of scroll and floral ground, with panels on either side
containing landscapes ; buildings and figures are Euro-
pean of the eighteenth century. This is a fine specimen
of the ware made during this period, and the rich colours
of Famille rose enamels used are very attractive.
Height, 1 6 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Wong kai zur.
151
PLATE CXI
Pair of Teapots, Plates and Bowl. Peking enamel on
copper. The figures on teapots are in eighteenth
century costume, and interesting as made for Europe.
All are of exquisite colours in Famille rose.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Dr. A. Stanley.
152
Plate CXI
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Plate CXI I
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PLATE CXII
Fish Bowl. Peking enamel on copper. Decoration, scroll
and floral design, with two oval panels containing
landscapes of buildings, trees and figures, imitating
eighteenth century European picture. Fine colours
of Famille rose.
Height, 1 8 inches.
Diameter, 24 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Wong kai zur.
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PLATE CXIII
White Jade Articles, consisting of spill holders, wine cups,
K}'lins, deer, water bottles, etc., all carved in the
Ch'ien-Lung period, and of exquisite quality, even
shades, and a richness combined with simplicity of
carving which has perfect finish.
This group of small articles was specially selected
from a large collection as specimens of the quality most
admired by Chinese collectors. Simplicit)', even colour,
correct proportion and perfect finish are the points
valued.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of D. Pccorini.
154
Plate CXIII
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Plate CXIV
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PLATE CXIV
Figures and Brush Holder. White jade, of even colour
and beautiful workmanship. The carving of the figures
is extremely fine, each single hair on heads being clearly
marked.
Height, of figures, 3 inches.
„ „ holder, 2f inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the oUeciinn of D. Pecon'iii.
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PLATE CXV
Green Jade Bottle, with cover. Two boj's and dragons
carved on bottle in high relief. The carving is finely-
executed, and the size of this specimen is uncommon.
Height, 7 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Bottle, with cover, resting on a mythical bird, made of a
pink stone. This work is well finished and the size
uncommon.
Height, %\ inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Carved Crystal Bottle, with cover, well executed in the
carving.
Height, 7 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Yu tze sor.
156
Plate CXV
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Plate CXVI
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PLATE CXVI
Bottle. Clear glass of two tints, top red-colour layer carved
in floral pattern in high relief, leaving the yellow ground
visible.
Mark, seal.
Height, 8| inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Bon Ian ziing.
Bottle. Glass, upper red layer carved with storks, trees,
flowers, etc., in high relief, leaving the lower layer of
speckled white visible.
Mark, seal.
Height, 8f inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of A. W. Balir.
Bottle. Glass ; as above, red layer carved in high relief, with
under layer of speckled white.
Mark, seal.
Height, 7i inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of G. H. Thomson.
157
PLATE CXVII
Carriage. Carved red lacquer, a model of that used by
the Emperor Ch'ien-Lung within the palace precincts.
It is rectangular in shape, supporting a tray on which
are five boxes, and in the lower part of the carriage
are two drawers ; wheels have gilt brass tyres ; posts
supporting the upper portion, as well as the four
small corner posts on the top, are of brass gilt.
Panels of flowers are carved in the red lacquer in
high relief, leaving the black ground. The whole
workmanship is of the best, and finish, as well as
quality of the lacquer, leaves nothing to be desired.
The article is used as a jewel box b)' palace ladies,
and is a rare specimen of the lacquer class.
Height, 10? inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the coUectiou of A. W. Bahr.
158
Plate CXVII
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Plate CXVIII
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PLATE CXVIII
Figure of a Sage, with staff and fan, in ivory tusk, well
carved and good finish.
Height, 14^ inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Screen on Stand. Ivory. The panel is a picture with
house, figures, trees, flowers, etc., enriched in colours
on a dehcately pierced ground. The stand is also
exquisitely carved with pierced work, and shows the
wonderful art of the carver in the minute figures, etc.,
especially in lower part of the stand.
Height, 10 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Now in the possession of M. Permezel.
Figure. Ivory. An old man kneeling by a stag, a very
attractive and well executed work.
Height, ^\ inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
From the collection of Mrs. F. Ayscongh.
159
PLATE CXIX
Helmet. Pottery, three colours of 3'ellow, green and
aubergine. Supposed to have come from the Im-
perial palace. The design clearly copies a European
helmet of the Middle Ages, and is attributable to the
strong foreign influence during this emperor's reign.
Height, 22 inches.
Period, Ch'ien-Lung.
Frojn the collection of A. Rose.
160
Plate CXIX
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Plate CXX
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PLATE CXX
Vase. Pear shape, with spreading base, neck expanding
to flanged rim, and handles. Famille rose. Glossy
black ground, with two small panels on neck contain-
ing figures, and two panels on bod}' containing
groups of figures, all painted in fine colour enamels.
This is an uncommon and interesting production ol'
the period.
Mark, double ring on base.
Height, 15} inches.
Period, Tao-Kwang.
From the collection of Sir C. P. Cliaicr.
Printed by Cassell and Compa:.i', Liuiiep, La Belle Salvage, Londu*:, L.C.
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