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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026093835
THE AFSTEALIAN EACE:
ITS ORIGIN, LANGUAGES,
CUSTOMS,
PLACE OF LANDING IN AUSTRALIA,
AND
THE ROUTES BY WHICH IT SPREAD ITSELF OVER
THAT CONTINENT.
ED^VARD M. OURR,
Author of "Pure Saddle Horses" and " BecoUections of Squatting im Victoria."
IN POUR VOLUMES.
VOLUME III.
MELBOUENE : JOHN EEBRES, GOVERNMENT PKINTEK.
LONDON : TEiJBNEE AND CO., LUDQATE HILL.
X&&7.
'^l&f-
CONTENTS OF VOLUME III.
BOOK THE TENTH.
So.
Prefatory Remarks -
136. From Port Denison to Cape Glou-
cester - -
137. Tower Hill and Cornish Creeks
138. Upper Thomson ....
139. Head of Diamantina
140. Diamantina River, Middleton Creek
141. Western River . - . -
142. Main Range between Belyando and
Cape Rivers . - . -
143. Belyando - - - -
144. Logan Creek, Lower Suttor, and
Lower Mistake Creek
145. Fort Cooper - - - - -
146. Scrubby Creek . - - .
147. PortMackay
148. Broad Sound, Yaamba, Mary-
borough, St. Lawrence
149. Rockhampton and Gracemere -
150. Eastern Slopes of Expedition Range,
Lower Dawson, Upper Fitzroy,
Mackenzie, and Isaacs
151. Peak and Logan Downs -
B. 8km -
P. L. Dalhunty
B. Ohristison
M. Curr
E. Ourr
J. Haines
J. MacGlashan
jj. Muirhead 1
I Charles Lowe >
W. O. Hodghmson
E. Curr
\G. F. Bridgeman \
^H. Bucas '
F. Mulhr
T. Archer
[ P. Mcintosh
' W. D. Coohe
C. O. Ba/rthtlemy I
f 8. Wilson )
152.
153.
154. Blackall, Barcoo
155.
T. Murray
Alice River - - - - - J. Ahern
Barcoo, 40 miles west of Blackall - J. Ahem
L. Dudley
8. Williams
T. H. Hyde
Barcoo, Tambo, Mount Enniskillen, ) H. L. Bell
and Ravensbourne Creek - -^F.L. Dalhunty
Cromhie
iJ..
It.
CT.
•r-
■r-
PAGE
3
4
8
10
12
14
16
18
26
36
40
42
44
52
54
58
64
70
72
76
78
IV CONTENTS.
BOOK THE TENTH— contimied.
No. PAOE
156. Nogoa fT.Middleton ) .
I E. Irving Noble >
157. Head of the Comet - - - T. Josephson - - - 96
158. Brown River F. J. Murray - - 100
90
159. Dawson and Burnett Rivers - - K" <''Co«™»' I . 102
1 E. Ounningham >
160. Keppel Bay, Calliope, Curtis Island Anonymous - ■ - 114
BOOK THE ELEVENTH.
Prefatory Remarks 119
iOommmissioner of i
D /• D • J, f " 121
Fohce, Bruoane )
162. Bustard Bay, Rbdd's Bay, Many j Commissioner of \
Peak Range - - - - ( Police, Brisbane ]
163. Bafle Creek Anonymous - - - 128
/ W. Ridley \
164. North side of Moreton Bay, Mary- \ y^^ j^^.^^^. /
borough, between Brisbane and K^^^p;^^^^^^ ( _ ^g^
Gympie, Great Sandy or Fraser's ^ Westaway
>• W. Landsborough '
165. Upper Burnett, Mount Debateable, r R. C. Riley i
Gayndah \m. Curr )
166. Mary River and Bunya Bunva ( ^ ,, , )
' ^ ■' ' \j.Mathew } ■ 152
Country ---..( )
167. Upper Brisbane River - - . i^' Landsborough t _ ^iq
I M. Curr )
168. Brisbane River . - . . jf . Ridley - - - 212
169. Condamine and Charley's Creek - i Commissioner of i
( Police, Brisbane I
170. Stradbroke and Moreton Islands
\&. Watldn
I J. E. Hamilton
T. de M. M. Prior \
W. O. White {
BOOK THE TWELFTH.
Prefatory Remarks - 219
220
} - 222
171. Between Albert and Tweed Rivera < m t it. if ' ' ^^^
^ W. Landsborough I
[J. O'Connor I
172. Nerang Creek F. Fowler - ■ - 240
173. Tweed River and Point Dangar - J. Bray - - - 242
No.
CONTENTS.
BOOK THE THIRTEEENTH.
( G. B. Lowe )
guillan - - - - (
180. QueenbuUa, Ashford, and Quining- ^District Bench oj 1
251
258
PAGE
Prefatory Remarks ... ..... 251
174. Part of Maranoa - - - (S- Sheridan and
\F. B. Bay
175. Balonne, Baleandoon, Nerran, Weir, j H. Hammond
and Moonie Rivers - - ■ ' J'. 0^ Byrne
{D. Turhayne ]
/. Lawlor I - 264
Q. Myles ]
iW. H. Looker
W. R. Conn
L. M. Flayfair
J. HolUngsworth
1C. Edwards J
E. Boss K - 286
Z>. Hogan J
{Anonymous, also )
179. Tenterfield, Glen Innes - - ■ \ a n T.n-no 1 " ^^^
298
270
BOOK THE FOURTEENTH.
Prefatory Remarks 303
iW. Ridley ]
T M 1 I
F. BuehZll, and \ ^°*
Benches of Magistrates]
BOOK THE FIFTEENTH.
Prefatory Remarks
182. Culgoa
183. Brewarrina and Barwan -
184. Clarence - . . - -
185. Lower Maoleay
186. Port Maoquarie
187. Manning River
188. Hunter River -
189. Hawkesbury and Broken Bay
327
/. W.Foott -
328
Bench of Magistrates -
330
A. Bruce
332
0. Spencer
334
J. Branch
338
■ Bench of Magis-
trates, Wingham
350
R. Miller
352
J. Tuckerman
358
VI
CONTENTS.
BOOK THE SIXTEENTH.
No.
Prefatory Remarks
190/ Castlereagh River - - - -J. Ghmther
Warren C Rouse
Dubbo Bench Oj
Wellington
Hill End -
Bathurst
Bogan . - . -
Sources of Bogan, Carcoar
Forbes and Levels -
Candoblin
Waljeers
Yanko, Urana, Billebong, Jerril-
derie ..----
Deniliquin . . - - .
Howlong
Albury ------
H. Keightly
Bench oj Magistrates
F. Fohy
J. Balfe
Bench of Magistrates
J. Gameron
W. H. Suitor
J. E. Pearce
H.
L. MacLean
O. A. Gordon
G. Byrne
G. R. H. Stuchey
PAOB
363
368
BOOK THE SEVENTEENTH.
Prefatory Remarks . . - . . - . . 405
(/. Hunter I .„„
191. Port Jackson \- GoUins \ ' *°^
192. Botany Bay W. Ridley - - - 413
193. WoUongong, lUawarra, and Shoal-
haven - - - - - W. Ridley - - - 417
194. Jervia Bay, Mount Dromedary - R. Dawsey - - - 420
195. Queanbeyan Police Magistrate - - 424
196. Yass Bench of Magistrates - 426
( G. du V4 1
197. Moneroo - - - - ■ \j_ ^^^^^^ \ - 429
198. Twofold Bay W.Ridley - - - 434
BOOK THE EIGHTEENTH.
Prefatory Remarks 437
199. Swan Hill and Tyntynder - - /. Beveridge - - 439
200. Fifty miles south of Swan Hill - The Writer - - - 446
201. Piangil ------ T. Macredie; the Writer 448
CONTENTS. VU
BOOK THE EIGHTEENTH— coM«MiMed
No. piQE
202. Bumbang - - - - . F. Comey - - . 452
203. Kulkyne - - - - -The Writer ... 454
204. Tatiarra W. Haynes; the Writer 456
205. Mount Gambier - - - - i>. Stewart - - ■ 460
BOOK THE NINETEENTH.
Prefatory Remarks - 469
206. Moreton Plains .... The Writer - - - 472
207a. Lake Hindmarsh, Lower Wim-
mera TTie Writer - . - 474
207b. Lake Wallace .... The Writer - - - 476
207c. Upper Glenelg and Wannon - - The Writer ... 478
207d. Glenelg, above Woodford - ■ The Writer - . - 480
207b. Woodford The Writer - . - 482
207f. Dartmoor The Writer - - - 484
207a. Hamilton The Writer - - - 486
207h. Mount Rouse ... - The Writer - . - 488
207i. Portland, Condah, Eumeralla - The Writer . - - 490
207 J. Hopkins River - - . . The Writer - - - 492
207k. Hopkins River . . . . W. Goodall - - - 494
BOOK THE TWENTIETH.
Prefatory Remarks ■ . - - 499
208a. Moulmein - - . - - Bench of Magistrates - 500
208b. Lake Boga L. Fawcett - - - 502
208o. Lower Loddon .... The Writer - - ■ 504
208d. Gonn Station - - - ■ J. McCarthy - . . 506
208b. Gunbower - - - - . Mickie and Sandy - - 508
208p. Mount Hope . - - - The Writer - - - 510
2080. Kerang The Writer - - - 512
208h. Natti-yallook - - - -The Writer . - - 514
2081. Mount Emu S. Wilson - - - 516
208j. Moorabool The Writer - - - 518
BOOK THE TWENTY-FIRST.
Prefatory Remarks - - - . . - . . 523
209a. Goulbum, near Seymour - - The Writer - - - 528
209b. Upper Yarra - - - -The Writer - - - 530
209c. Lower Yarra - - - - D. Bunce - - - 532
209d. Morediyallook ... - T!ie Writer - - - 534
VlU CONTENTS.
BOOK THE TWENTY-SECOND.
No. P-*"^
Prefatory Remarks ^39
{J. Bulmer, the Writer, j
F. A. Hagenauer, A. W.K 543
Howitt - - -)
211. Omeo J- Bulmer - ■ - 558
212. Snowy River J. Bulmer . - - 560
213. Upper Murray - - - - _ Mitchell - - - 562
BOOK THE TWENTY-THIRD.
Prefatory Remarks ... .... - 567
214a. Junction of Murray and Goul-
burn Rivers - - . - The Writer - - - 582
214b. Tooumwall The Writer - - - 584
214c. Ulupna (or Yoolupna) - - - The Writer - - - 586
214d. Yiilima The Writer - - - 588
APPENDICES.
Appendix A.
The Tasmanians - - . . The Writer - - - 593
Peron's Vocabulary 604
Scott's Vocabulary 606
Roberts' Vocabulary ---..... 606
Comparison of Vocabularies of
Roberts and Milligan 608
Dr. Lhotsky's Vocabulary 609
Norman's Vocabulary ..... - - - 611
Words which agree in the Vocabu-
laries of Norman and Milligan 616
Names of Natives given in Nor-
man's Vocabulary - 617
Jorgenson's Vocabulary 618
Words of Jorgenson's and Milli-
gan's which agree 633
Milligan's^Vocabulary 634
Short Sentences in the Language
of Tasmania . 669
Aboriginal Names of Places in
Tasmania . . 672
CONTENTS. IX
Appendix B.
The Ovens, Oaves, Paintings, and
Sculptures of our Blacks, and
also the question of whether the
present race were the first in-
habitants of Australia - - The Writer ■ - - 675
Appendix C.
Yule Island Vocabulary - - A. Onslow - - - 682
Appendix D.
Vocabulary of Warrior Island,
Torres Strait - - - -A. Onslow - - - 684
Appendix E.
Vocabulary of a New Guinea Lan-
guage, Kataw River - - D'Albertis - - 686
Appendix F.
Vocabulary of Port Dorei, New
Guinea, from Le Voyage de
r Astrolabe -688
Appendix 6.
Vocabulary of Loyalty Isles - - /. Fitzgerald, Junr. - 690
Appendix H.
Vocabulary of York Island, New
Britain O. Brown ■ ■ - 694
Appendix I.
Vocabulary of Malay - - -J. Crawford - - - 696
Appendix J.
Yoruba Vocabulary, Africa - - T. J. Brown - ■ - 698
ERRATA.
Vol. I., page 75, the statement " That the terrible rite exists near the
Leichhardt Range " is an error.
Vol. I., pagel51,/oj- "Bemel" read "Bemal."
Vol. I., page 194, for "occupation became complete" read "deticend-
ants again came into contact."
Vol. I., page 261, /or "Irvine " read "Irwin" River.
Vol. I., page 296, /or "Markand" read "Maitland"; also/or " Camden"
read "Hampton."
Vol. I., page 318, /or " Leschenault Bay " read "Cape Lesohenault."
Vol. I., page 370, /or " Camden Harbour " read "Hampton Harbour."
Vol. I., page 371, for "Camden" read "Hampton."
Vol. II., page 285, instead of the heading of No. 88 read "From the
Junction of the Lachlau and Murrumbidgee to the Mallee Cliffs Station."
Vol. II., page 296, for " eastward " read " westward " of the Nicholson
River."
Vol. III., page 26, for "Bower" read "Bowen."
Vol. III., pages 470 and 482, for "Woodford " read " Sandford."
Vol. III., page 499, line 13, for "by adverb wAere" read "by the adverb
where."
Vol. III., page 510, for "No. 208e" read No. 208f."
Vol. III., page 523, for "Bradford" read "Broadford."
Vol. III., page 583, /or "biit-ya=fire" read "biit-ya."
Vol. in., page 583, see Bain, and /or "koo-kor-a" read "korkora."
Vol. III., page 583, /or " lil-di-ma " read "liilima."
BOOK THE TENTH.
Wxz ^uBixnimn ^aa.
BOOK THE TENTH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
It is amongst the tribes treated of in this book that we first
meet with some which have the curious custom of calling
themselves, their languages, or both, by words sprung from
their negative adverbs. Whether this custom exists further
to the north, I am unable to say; but from the Dawson
Eiver and Expedition Eange to nearly as far as Wentworth,
at the junction of the Darling and Murray, a distance of
seven hundred and fifty miles as the crow flies, we find it
pretty generally prevalent. In many of the tribes described
in this book, in which this custom does not obtain, we find
the tribal name ending in hurra. It is also observable that
in the portion of the continent under notice, the opossum-rug
is in use in some of the tribes, and also the word Murri, the
equivalent of Blackfellow, which the Revd. Mr. Ridley seems
to have thought pretty general throughout Australia. In
this locality also the small-pox, originally introduced at
Sydney, terminated its ravages. Finally, in this book will
be found the account of a tribe, taken from replies to my
Questions, sent to me by an aboriginal Black, who had
learnt to read and write.
A 2
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 136.— FROM PORT DENISON TO CAPE
GLOUCESTER.
By Sekoeant B. Shea.
The country of the Bumbarra tribe extends from about
Port Denison to Cape Grloucester, and inland as far as the
head of the Proserpine River, or nearly so. In this tribe
opossum cloaks are in use; but -whether throughout the
t-wenty7four hours, or only at night, my informant, Sergeant
Shea, does not state. Objects made of the skin of the
kangaroo, pieces of shell attached to the hair by means of
beeswax, and necklaces made of stems of grass cut into
short lengths and threaded, are worn as ornaments. The
weapons of the tribe are a good deal carved, and amongst
them are wooden swords five feet in length, spears and clubs
of course, boomerangs of both sorts, but not the wommera,
which, however, is used by neighbouring tribes, and the
Bumbarra ■ have a name for. In fact, whatever the reason
may be for the neglect of this instrument by some tribes,
I do not think that in any case it can be attributed to their
not being acquainted with it.
The Bumbarra do not object to teU their names, and my
contributor gives Karilla and Whychaka as those of men, and
Denterbargo and Helmerago as those of women. Girls
become wives at about twelve years of age; marriages be-
tween relatives are prohibited, and women rear (ox used to
rear) three children each on an average. The canoes of the
Bumbarra are made of pieces of bark stripped from the
ironbark-tree and sewn together, and rendered watertight
FEOM PORT DENISON TO CAPE GLOUCESTEE. 5
by smearing with the gum of the pine-tree.. The male
youths are admitted to the rights of men by means of secret
ceremonies. Message-sticks are in use.
Turning to the vocabulary, _/?re and wood are expressed by
almost the same word. Good and sweet, as frequently
happens, are also expressed by one word. Food and eat are
expressed by one term, and thirst and water by another,
probably the result of a misunderstanding in these two
cases.
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE
No. 136.— PORT DENISON TO CAPE GLOUCESTER.
By Sbegeant B. Shea.
Kangaroo -
rooa.
Opossum
koolachu;
Tame dog -
kria.
Wild dog -
ulaire.
Emu -
goondooloo.
Black duck
kooroola.
Wood duck
Pelican
yangatia.
Laughing jackass
kourkura.
Native companion
White cockatoo -
dingari.
Crow -
worigan.
Swan -
Egg - - -
goinorro.
Track of a foot -
dina.
Fish -
wina.
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
pigina.
Fly -
kroopulla.
Snake -
waroora.
The Blacks
kabuUa.
A Blaokf ellow -
mari.
A Black woman -
worniwoma
Nose -
woroo.
Hand -
• mala.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
- ■
One -
- warpa.
Two -
- kotoo.*
•Three -
- mundula.
Pour -
- kutpoora.
Father
- yaboo.
Mother
- yamga.
Sister-Elder
- kotha.
,, Younger
- nappona kotha
Brother-Elder
-
,, Younger
A young man
- koloona.
An old man
- kutha.
An old woman
- kununi.
A baby
-
A White man
.
Children -
- patchilla.
Head
- korea.
Eye -
- dim. .
Ear -
- woUoo.
FROM PORT DENISON TO CAPE GLOUCESTER.
No. 136.-
-Poet Denison to Cape Gloucester-
-continued.
Mouth
elginba.
Boomerang -
- wangalla.
Teeth -
era.
Hill -
bia.
Hair of the head
korea (same as
Wood -
baree.
head).
Stone -
- paree.
Beard -
Thunder -
- nunga.
-thegaroo.
Camp -
yamba.
Grass -
- goothu.
Yes -
yay.
Tongue
- talong.
No -
- oolago.
Stomach
- buloo.
I
Breasts
- ngommona.
You -
Thigh -
- tumbarra.
Bark -
- bigo.
Foot -
- dinna.
Good -
- bungunna.
Bone -
- bippo.
Bad -
- gooioo.
Blood -
- gulga.
Sweet -
- bungunna.
Skin -
-. LQgarra.
Food -
- nikkana.
Fat - . -
- thome.
Hungry
- kangoola.
Bowels
- yapoo.
Thirsty
- kamo.
Excrement - .
- doongalla. .
Bat -
- nikkana.
War-spear -
- githa.
Reed-spear -
- wolliburra.
Sleep -
- ooka.
Wommera or
wangalli (not in
Drink -
- barana.
throwing-stick
use).
Walk -
- yanina.
Shield -
- goolmarri.
See -
- nugana.
Tomahawk -
- balgoo.
Sit -
- etomme.
Canoe -
- vinda.
Yesterday -
- nuinda.
Sun -
- kari.
To-day
- nilla.
Moon -
- karka.
To-morrow -
- burganda.
Star - • -
- nooroo.
Where are the
Light -
- baringa.
Blacks?
Dark -
.
Cold -
- kedoa.
I don't know
- koota.
Heat -
- mongoola.
Plenty
- munda.
Day -
- koondawiuda.
Big -
- oomba.
Night -
- woroo.
Little -
-
Fire -
- buree.
Dead -
- mudaya.
Water
- kamo.
By-and-by -
- dago.
Smoke
- pothana.
Come on
- kowa.
Ground
Milk -
- nammoona
Wind -
Rain -
- kuana.
- uganna.
Eaglehawk -
God - • -
- matcha.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts - .
-
Wife -
- bergo.
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 137.— TOWER HILL AND CORNISH CREEKS— TATEBURRA
TRIBE. ■
By F. L. Daihtjnty, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- tehera.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
- k'odera.
2 Blacks -
- nema booleroo
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Blaqk duck
Wood duck'
Pelican
- oora.
- koolbury.
- bungari.
- kootaburra.
- deroora,
■ 3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
- nema wolbin-
thum.
- wongeroo.
- booleroo.
- wolbinthum.
Laughing jackass kargooburra.
Pour -
- wolbunya.
Native companion beelV)a,rigera.
Father
- muriaa.
White cockatoo
- tikeri.
Mother
- younginna.
Crow -
- worder.
Sister-Elder
- nungmeralla.
Swan -
-
„ Younger
-
Egg - -
- gobin.
Brother-Elder
- moorkina.
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
- murrengunna.
- munga.
,, Younger
A young man - kowoola.
Crayfish
- boogal.
An old man
- yalgenoomoo.
Mosquito -
- boonye.
An old woman
- muugeroo.
Fly -
• nimunoo.
A baby
_
Snake -
The Blacks-
- koobooloo.
- nemawulberdun-
moo.
A White man
Children -
- yarabi.
- wobinyella.
A Blaokfellow
- nema.
Head -
- yalli.
A Black woman
- wormegoona.
Eye -
- dilli.
Nose -
- oongye.
Ear -
■ munga.
TOWER HILL AKD CORNISH CREEKS.
No. 137. — TowBE Hill and Cornish Cebeks — Tateburba Tribb-
continued.
Mouth
- tower.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- nulguUa.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heao
- wooroo.
Wood
- toola.
Beard
- nunga.
Stone -
- paduUa.
Thunder -
- kooroo.
Camp -
- yumber.
Grass -
- yaroo.
Yes -
- ya-oo.
Tongue
- tarding.*
No -
- nowa.
Stomach
- yabboo.
I
- yoondo.
Breasts
- koolumbi.
Thigh -
- dakyr.
You -
- yondo.
Foot -
- dinna.
Bark -
- yonoona.
Bone -
- narkoo.
Good - -
- thureburra.
Blood -
- koonger.
Bad -
- wygoo.
Skin -
- markoora.
Sweet -
- karba.
Fat -
- thami.
Food -
- euga.
Bowels
-
Hungry
- karwooroongua.
Excrement -
- koonner.
Thirsty
- nower.
War-spear -
- iftoooha.
Eat - - -
- euga.
Reed-spear -
- woUerburra.
Sleep -
- woga.
Wommera or
goonbeina.
Drink -
- kamo uga =
throwing-stick
water eat.
Shield
- tumbooroo.
Walk -
- aber.
Tomahawk -
- goocha.
See -
- dileenma (see
Eye).
Canoe -
- (none). ■
Sun -
- karee.
Sit -
- yiuda,.
Moon -
- kokkera.
Yesterday -
- woogobedo.
Star -
- boodtha.
To-day
- karLnga(seeSun)
To-morrow -
- wonaeroo.
Light -
- buronga.
Dark -
- goonda.
Where are the nema wye 1
Blacks?
Cold -
- medurra.
I don't know
- yonnower.
Heat -
- tingun.
Plenty
- wolbunya.
Day -
- buronga.
Big - -
- wolbunya.
Night
- goonda.
Little -
- worbinya.
Fire -
- boodee.
Dead -
- woolooma.
Water
- kamo.
By-and-by -
- mooingpo-apper.
Smoke
- togar..
Come on
- kower, kowai.
Ground
- nundee.
Wind-
- barega.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- kamo.
Eaglehawk
-
God -
„
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
--
Wife -
-
10
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 138.— UPPER THOMSON {Lat. 22", Long. 144°, or thereabouts).
By Robert Christison, Esq.
Unfortunately, Mr. Christison's manuscript is uidistinot, so that some of
the words cannot be relied on.
Kangaroo -
- teggera.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum -
- kuttera.
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
- kobburra.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
-
Emu
- goolberri.
One -
wongura.
Black duck -
- kutteburra.
Two -
- boolere.
Wood duck-
- now-now.
'Three -
- koorberri.
Pelican . -
- taura.
Four - - ■
- ngagiberri.
Laughing jackass kakaburri.
Father ' -
- murre.
Native companion billbungera.
White cockatoo - teggeri.
Mother
- yangena.
Crow -
- wotha.
Sister-Elder
- uumuUa.
Swan ■
,, Younger
-
Egg -
- tando.
Brother-Elder
- mooohi.
Track of a foot
- timaro.
Younger
Fish -
- nemerreburri.
A young man
- tamboona (?)
Lobster
- karkoora.
Crayfish
- munya.
An old man
An old woman
- mugena.
- koombena.
Mosquito -
- gongonoo.
Ply - -
- nilgana.
A baby
- pamboona(?;
Snake -
- monda.
A White man
- koeburro.
The Blacks -
- wolbandamo.
Children .
- woorua.
A Blackfellow
-
Head -
- yalle.
A Black woman
- warringo.
Eye -
- teemurra.
Nose -
- goonyna.
Ear -
- munga.
UPPER THOMSON.
11
No. 138.— Uppee Thomson— coreiOTMefl
Mouth
towa.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
nalkuUa.
Hill -
Hair of the head
wooroo.
Wood -
- doola.
Beard -
nunka.
Stone -
- paduUa.
Thunder
borai.
Camp -
- wongo.
G-raaa -
yakko.
Yes -
- yea-yea.
Tongue
kookunya.
No -
- nowa.
Stomach
- pangooloo.
Breasts
namoona.
I
- neijoo.
Thigh -
■ tara.
You -
- yoondoo.
Foot -
dinna.
Bark -
- wonna.
Bone -
- goongoon.
Good ■
- tarrilli.
Blood -
- yerkoora.
Bad -
- wyeo.
Skin -
- meoora.
Sweet -
-
Fat -
- doota.
Food -
- mena.
Bowels
Hungry
- kurnwooli.
Excrement -
- koonua.
Thirsty
- poomulgooa.
War-spear -
- moorcha.
Eat ■
- pangelna.
Reed-spear -
- bulta.
Sleep -
- wilgetha.
Wommera or
mirroo.
throwing-stick
Drink
- uka.
Shield -
■ koormurre.
Walk -
- noorai.
Tomahawk -
- mingana.
See -
- tellimuUa.
Canoe -
- (none).
Sit -
- yindaka.
Sun -
- kurri.
Yesterday -
- nakumo.
Moon -
- kakkoora.
To-day
- naka.
Star . -
- teegalgoona.
To-morrow -
- waanga.
Tight -
- waanduramo.
Where are the
wanni bobamuna
Dark -
- now-now.
Blacks ?
walbandamo ?
Cold -
I don't know
- nowa tilginannia.
Heat -
Day -
Night
- towwurri.
Plenty
- wolbunga.
- qurkumago.
Big -
- poorka.
Little -
- wabootoha.
Fire -
- poori.
Water
- kummo.
Dead -
- woolama.
Smoke
- tonoonga.
By-and-by -
- koolpeto.
Ground
- kundi.
Come on
- woori.
Wind -
- parritoha.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- paggurri.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- kobbiberri.yerbi.
Wife -
-
12
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 139.— HEAD OF DIAMANTINA.
By Montagtt Cukb, Esq.
This vocabulary has much in common with those of the Upper Flinders
and Porter's Range.
Kangaroo -
wungunnia.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum ■ -
dthangaroo.
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck
Pelican
kooba,
mungara.
ooandgo.
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
- wonga.
- poolaroo,
phiddee.
- koorburra.
Laughing jackass
Native companior
White cockatoo -
I bilbungata.
Four -
Father
Mother
- yanga.
Crow -
wa-cun-na.
Sister-Elder
- kurromee.
Swan -
,, Younger
-
Egg - - -
Track of a foot -
Brother-Elder - yabba.
,, Younger
Fish -
Lobster • -
Crayfish -
Mosquito - ■ ■
Fly - - -
Snake - - -
ngimunna.
A young man
An old man
An old woman
A baby
A White man
- kubbena.
- mooburree
- wit-thoo.
The Blacks -
Children
-
A Blackfellow ■
kandoo.
Head -
- wooma.
A Black woman -
bunya.
Eye -
- dthiUee.
Nose - -
ngingo.
Ear -
- munga.
HEAD OF DIAMANTINA.
13
No. 139.— Head of
Mouth
- dthawa.
Teeth -
- eerra.
Hair of the head
- cudthaa.
Beard -
- unga.
Thunder
- yamberri.
Grass -
- yagoo.
Tongue
- dthalango.
Stomach
- purra.
Breasts
- dthamboo.
Thigh
- walalla.
Foot -
- d'theena.
Bone -
- mogo.
Blood -
- koo-ur-roo.
Skin -
- binna.
Fat -
- tammee.
Bowels
-
Excrement -
- koonna.
War-spear -
- moorja.
Reed-spear
- kundwurra.
Wommera or
woorra.
throwing-stiok
Shield
- koonburra.
Tomahawk -
- parumburra.
Canoe -
-
Sun -
- dthooroo.
Moon -
- yoongee, eungee
Star -
- yoogu.
Light -
- kunba.
Dark -
- windtha.
Cold -
- wiUinga.
Heat-
-
Day -
-
Night -
-
Fire -
- oola.
Water
- kamoo.
Smoke
- yumaroo.
Ground
- kinburra.
Wind-
- muUoonoo.
E.ain -.
- kamoo.
God -
-
Ghosts
■,
-continued.
Boomerang -
Hill -
Wood -
Stone - -
Camp - -. -
Yes -
No - -
I - - -
You -
Bark -
Good -
Bad - - -
Sweet - - -
Food -
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep - - -
Drink - - -
Walk ■•
See -
Sit - - -
Yesterday -
To-day
To morrow -
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
Plenty
Big - - ■
Little -
Dead -
By-and-by -
Come on
Milk -
Eaglehawk
Wild turkey
Wife -
oola,
koongoo. ■
yamba,
ngia,
kurra.
koolgooburra.
wmgurra.
pungoo.
yunna.
14
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. UO.-DIAMANTINA RIVER, MIDDLETON CREEK.-
THE GOA TRIBE.
By Edwabd CtTEB, Esq.
Kangaroo -
maikumba.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum -
tannaroo.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
mikamo.
One -
- koorbno.
Emu -
kolperi.
Black duck -
yallamurra.
Two -
- orra.
Wood duck -
yammoroo.
Three -
- koorborra.
PeUcan
wolkiperri.
Pour -
- nadera.
Laughing jackass
(none).
Father
- kobba.
Native companion kooltoroo.
Mother
- yanga
White cockatoo -
poonmenberri.
Sister-Elder
- kammi.
Crow -
wawkana.
,, Younger
.
Swan -
Egg - -
Track of a foot
kotto.
Brother-Elder
- yabba.
„ Young(
sr
Fish -
- palpi.
A young man
- mabnngoroo
Lobster
- pirrinoo.
An old man
- kaera.
Crayfish -
An old woman
- pandoro.
Mosquito -
- poonginyoo.
A baby
- kampala.
Fly - -
A White man
- witto.
Snake
- mungoo.
Children -
The Blacks -
- kanto.
Head -
- katta.
A Blackfellow
A Black woman
- nogommora
Eye -
- telli.
Nose -
- nitigoo.
Ear -
- munga.
DIAMANTINA RIVER, MIDDLETON CREEK.
15
No. 140. — DiAMASTINA RiVEE,. MiDDLETON CeEEK. — ThE GoA TrIBE-
continued.
Mouth
towa.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
irra.
Hill -
Hair of the head
katta.
Wood -
oroo.
Beard -
nanga.
Stone -
parri.
Thunder -
womdi.
Camp -
yamba (see
Grass - .
■ yakko.
Ground).
Tongue
Stomach
- ftiachi.
Yes -
No -
- nia.
kuAa.
Breasts
- manginna.
I
Thigh -
Foot -
- tarra.
- tinna.
You :
Bark -
- koolkobar.
Bone -
• toa.
Good -
- manyo.
Blood -
- morki.
Bad -
- wittimo.
Skin -
- pinganya.
Sweet -
Fat
- toota, tammi
Food -
Bowels
- munda-munda.
Hungry
- kannoola.
Excrement -
- konna.
Thirsty
War-spear -
- murcha.
Eat -
- minna.
Reed-spear -
- kandoora.
Sleep -
- wonoga.
Throwing-stiok
-
Drink -
- orrtanga.
Shield-
- yamboro.
Walk -
- yananga.
Tomahawk -
- willara.
See -
- nakala.
Canoe -
-
Sit -
- wonta.
Sun -
- toroo.
Yesterday -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire
- rangi.
- yookoo.
- karra.
- winta.
- milinyoo.
- renkana.
- toorongaro.
- winta.
- olla.
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
Plenty
Big -
Little -
■ paringoo.
- karra.
- toona,
- piala.
- nowola.
Water
- kammo.
Dead -
- poyoonaring
Smoke
- maiyoo.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- yamba.
Come on
- kowi.
Wind -
- malboomo,
Milk - -
-
Rain ■
- kammo.
Eaglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
16
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 141.— WESTERN RIVER.
By Mk. John Haines (at the request of Sir Samuel Wilson).
Kangaroo -
- mutumba.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum -
- mungera.
2 Blacks -
- oro gundo.
Tame dog -
- mikum.
3 Blacks -
- goolpurra gundo
Wild dog -
. .
Emu -
- goolburra.
One -
- goorinyer.
Black duck -
- tibia.
Two -
- oro.
Wood duck -
- goonumbi.
Three -
■ goolpurra.
Pelican
- wulkurberri.
Pour -
toongar.
Laughing jackass (none).
Father
goopa.
Native companion gootumba.
White cockatoo - kurrumboola.
Mother
yunga.
Crow -
wokkerna.
Sister-Elder
karmi.
Swan -
„ Younger ■
Egg ■
- gootoo.
Brother- Elder
yuppa.
Track of a foot
teena.
„■ Youngei
Fish -
Lobster
dugera.
mundi.
A young man
bookeruma.
Crayfish -
An old man ' -
kyerra.
Mosquito ■ -
boogena.
An old woman -
pundoora.
Fly - -
nimunna.
A baby
milla-milla.
Snake -
goonderra.
A White man
The Blacks -
gundo-too"nga
(see Plenty).
Children -
bungonia.
A Blackf ellow
gundo.
Head -
kutta.
A Black woman
bunya.
Eye - -■ -
tilU
Nose -
ningdi
Ear ■■ -
munger.
WESTERN RIVER.
17
No. 141.— Western RiveBt— coniiTOted
Mouth
bewi.
Boomerang
Teeth - . -
irra.
Hill -
Hair of the heac
tounya.
Wood-
toola (see Bone).
Beard
nartinya.
Stone -
gungoa.
Thunder -
wondi.
Camp-
yamba (see
Grass
yakko.
Ground).
Tongue
talinya.
Yes -
kay.
Stomach -
- mitcha.
No -
kurra.
Breasts
tumbo.
I
- wito.
Thigh
- turra.
You -
- yena.
Foot -
tinna.
Bark -
goolkurberra.
Bone -
toola.
Good -
manu.
Blood -
- wurki.
Bad -
workutindyer.
Skin -
- killena.
Sweet
Fat -
- tommi.
Pood -
Bowels
- muttura.
Hungry -
kamolingya.
Excrement -
- koonna.
Thirsty
goongindunga.
War-spear -
- morretoha.
Bat -
ooltunga.
Reed-apear
Sleep -
oonunga.
Wommera or
gundaworra.
Drink-
tarkeinga.
thro wing-stick
Walk -
yaninga.
Shield
- goonburra.
See -
bimbururra.
Tomahawk -
■ wheelera.
Sit -
wongunga.
Canoe
Yesterday -
winappolo.
Sun -
- tooroo.
To-day
kyeemba.
Moon -
- rungi.
To-morrow-
Where are the
karrunga.
Star -
- yooko.
Blacks ?
Light -
■
I don't know
kurra wungun-
Dark -
- rautchaberri.
gala.
Cold -
- mooerra.
Plenty
- toonga.
Heat -
- nulkooriuna.
Big -
- goolkundurra.
Day -
-
Little
■ nowillyer.
Night
- dilli-nirringa.
Dead -
- tillingerringa.
Fire -
- oola.
By-and-by -
- kyemba, kan-
Water
- kamoo.
daga.
Smoke
- yunkerga.
Come on -
- ookuUya yanan-
Ground
- yumba.
yer.
Wind
- mulboona.
Milk - - -
Rain -
- kamoo.
Eaglehawk
God -
.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
VOL. III.
J
5
18 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 142.— MAIN RANGE BETWEEN THE BELYANDO
AND CAPE RIVERS WATERS.
Bt James MacGlashan, Esq.
Foe the following vocabulary and account of tlie Koom-
bokkaburra tribe I am indebted to the kindness of Mr.
James MacGrlashan, who has been, off and on, for ten years a
resident in their country. The vocabulary, it will be seen,
differs but little from that of the Belyando as given by Mr.
Muirhead.
The country of the tribe is the Main Dividing Range
between the Cape and Belyando Rivers. It was first occu-
pied by the Whites in 1862, the tribe at that time being
estimated at about four hundred souls. It has since been
reduced to one-half of that number, and Mr. MacGlashan
attributes the falling off to abandonment of the old style of
living, and to the use of salt beef and tobacco. Alcoholic
drinks of every sort are held in abhorrence by the tribe, who
dislike the smell and decline to taste them.
Infanticide, my informant says, is not practised, as far as
he knows, but that since the coming of the Whites a great
many young children die of cold and low fever.
BETWEEN BELYANDO AND CAPE RIVERS. 19
Mr. MacGlashan thinks tliat the women of the tribe live
occasionally to a greater age than the men. Several, he
says, have hair perfectly white, and even fifteen years ago
were of the most venerable appearance, and that altogether
the duration of life amongst the tribe is not different from
amongst ourselves. During the day the men go naked, but
most of them have a few skins of the opossum, sewn together
with string made of the smaller intestines of the animal, in
which they sleep at night, huddled up between several small
fires. One of their greatest miseries is what they suffer from
mosquitos. This they endeavour to mitigate by the smokes
of several small fires. Occasionally too they squirt water
upwards from the mouth, so that it descends in a light
vapour and frees them from these tormentors for a time.
The young women wear in front an apron of spun opossum
fur about eight inches long and five deep. It is generally
given up after the birth of the first or second child. Such
as can obtain clothes from the Whites wear them. By way
of ornament, the skin is often rubbed with a mixture of
grease and red ochre ; bracelets and necklaces are also made of
strong grass-stems, cut into lengthTand strung on threads.
Another ornament is a mussel-shell, polished to resemble
mother-of-pearl, which is suspended by a lock of the hair,
and hangs down on the forehead as low as the eyebrows.
They also adorn themselves with the feathers of the emu,
cockatoo, and other birds. Of nets, and baskets, and girdles
they have several sorts, some made from a tough grass, and
others from the fibre of the kurrajong-tree. With their nets
they catch fish, and also marsupials of several sorts. Those
used for the last purpose are sometimes several hundred
yards long. Their knives and tomahawks are of bluestone,
ground down by rubbing on rough sandstone. Their weapons
are the boomerang which returns when thrown, and is
neatly carved, the shield, the usual varieties of clubs, and
spears which are thrown by hand. Mr. MacG-lashan remarks
that he has seen the wommera or throwing-stick amongst
B 2
20 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
them, but it is not in use, and is foreign to the tribe. Their
weapons are usually smeared with red ochre, set off with a
smudge of pipe-clay here and there. The implements used in
the manufacture of such articles are the bone knife and the
tooth of the kangaroo. For food, besides the usual animals
and birds, which they sometimes cook in ovens of a temporary
character, the Koombokkaburra have a sort of yam, which
grows in loose soil and scrubs, is white in color, and in taste
not unlike a turnip. They also prepare some portion of the
zamia, (palm), shelling the edible portion (which my in-
formant does not particularize) into a basket, and steeping it
in water for three or four days. It is then ground between
two stones, wrapped in a covering of ti-tree bark, and so
baked. They have also the sweet potato, which, being un-
cultivated, is small. The young men and women are for-
bidden to eat certain sorts of food, such as the emu, swan,
scrub and plain turkeys, and the eggs of these birds. The
eel, the black-headed snake, and other animals are also on
the schedule of forbidden foods. The reason assigned by the
old folks for these restrictions is, that the richness of these
foods would kill the young, and so persuaded are the young
of the truth of this assertion, that Mr. MacGlashan is con-
vinced they would rather die of hunger than infringe their
law. They call this law knagana, which va&^ns forbidden.
Concerning cannibalism Mr. MacGlashan gives the
following particulars: — " I never had ocular proof of it, but
the Blacks have told us it does occur. They made the state-
ment themselves unasked, and could have no object in
deceiving us. I will mention the two cases on which I
ground my belief. Some years ago when the Blacks were
first let on to the station, one of them, a fine vigorous young
fellow, used to help at lambing and other light work about
the place. He left to go to a meeting of one of the neigh-
bouring tribes, which unfortunately was on a cattle-run,
which, coming to the ears of the owner, a dispersal was
ordered, and the unfortunate young fellow got a bullet
BETWEEN BELYANDO AND CAPE RIVERS. 21
througli him, of which he died next day, the body being
eaten and the bones conveyed to his friends for interment.
The other case, which happened two months ago (September,
1880), was that of a girl of fifteen years of age, who with
several others were dispersed for unwittingly allowing the
grass to take fire on the bank of a river, on which they were
fishing. This was on the territory of the tribe. She was
brought here, and died the day after she received the shot,
and the body was eaten, and the bones carried by her relations
to the place of her nativity. It is only on such rare occasions
as these, when individuals in health come to a sudden end,
that cannibalism occurs in this tribe." To an observer of
languages, it is interesting to note the new signification of
the verb to disperse : that when a Black girl of fifteen is shot
down she is said to be dispersed.
The Koombokkaburra do not object to tell their names.
Usually they marry in the tribe, but sometimes get wives
from adjoining tribes. Girls are promised in infancy, and
become wives at about fourteen. Males are made young
men after the beard is somewhat grown, after which they are
at liberty to get a wife if they can. A few of the old men
have two or three wives. A widow is the property of a
brother of the deceased husband, and if young is taken by
the heir, no matter how many wives he may already have.
Sometimes, however, she is given away. If she be old, she
is allowed to do pretty much as she likes. The mortality
amongst children is great, and is ascribed to cold (probably
at night) and low fever combined. The women rear about
two each, which my informant says belong to the tribe (no
doubt the class) of the mother. Men and women scar the
skin and pierce the septum of the nose. Circumcision is not
practised. In mourning they cut the thighs and the head
until blood flows ; the men also blacken their bodies with a
compound of burnt bark and grease. The women plaster the
head with clay and ashes till not a particle of hair is visible,
which gives them the appearance of having on an earthen
skull-cap. These Blacks, says my informant, have a
22 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
religious belief of some sort, and a strong dislike to liear the
dead mentioned. They have no canoes. Kangaroo are
captured principally with nets. Emu are speared in dry
weather when water remains in but few holes. Having found
by the tracks those commonly frequented, the Black, provided
with a spear, ascends some tree near at hand, from which he
suspends a bunch of emu feathers with a string. When the
birds come to water, he imitates their cry, and they, with the
curiosity, so characteristic of them, proceed to examine the
bunch of feathers, when the Black hid amongst the boughs
overhead spears one of them. Fish is taken with nets.
Speaking of the women, Mr. MacGlashan says their hair is
thick, soft, and wavy, and if dressed and allowed to grow
long would be considered beautiful. Its color is dark-
brown in the young, with a strong tinge of auburn. I have
noticed the same amongst the Goulburn tribes. Originally
there were a good many deformed persons in the tribe.
Their deformities, sometimes in the face or hands, were
generally in the lower portion of the person. Of their dead
they dispose in several ways. Old women are burnt out of
hand and their ashes buried ; indeed they are sometimes
buried right off, without ceremony. When an old man dies,
a stage of bark is erected, four or five feet high from the
ground, on as many poles, on which the body remains whilst
the crying continues, which is usually two or three days.
The corpse is then wrapped in ti-tree bark and buried in a
sitting posture, the grave being covered with logs, until
decay has been pretty well completed. The bones are then
exhumed, collected into a bundle, and carried about by the
relatives of the deceased for a certain time, when they are
dropped into a tree which is hollow in the centre but sound
without. My informant has known trees to contain several
such lots of bones.
Fights occur in the tribe, which usually originate in
jealousies about wives. The adjoining tribes are the Wokkel-
burra, Oncooburra, PeguUoburra, and Muttaburra. Cuts are
treated with plasters of clay, and sores are wrapped in the
BETWEEN BBLYANDO AND CAPE RIVERS. 23
heated leaves of the wild pomegranate. In this vocabulary
we have the word inda = yoM, which prevails with little
change almost to the southern extremity of the continent.
Additional Words.
Pishing net mookooroo.
Basket ------- wingen.
Hunting net myrren.
Stone knife makkarra.
Bark stage for the dead - - - - bardey.
24
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
No. 142.— MAIN RANGE BETWEEN THE BBLYANDO AND CAPE
RIVERS WATERS.
By James MacGlashan, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- woorra.
Hand -
- malla.
Opossum -
- tangoor.
2 Blacks -
- meean buUaroo.
Tame dog -
- wandi.
3 Blacks -
- meean bullaroo
Wild dog -
- knurra.
wychen.
Emu ■•
- kundooloo.
One -
- whychen or
Black duok
- kooberdi.
witohen.
Wood duck
- knaw-knaw.
Two -
- bullaroo.
Pelican
- balloon.
Three -
- bullaroo-wychen.
Laughing jackass akkaburra.
Four -
- buUaroo-bullaroo
Native companion koorur.
Father
• waddey, yabboo
White cockatoo
- dyrun.
Mother
- yanga.
Crow -
- wattan.
Sister-Elder
- ootheu.
Swan -
- boombilburra.
,, Younger
- waboun.
Egg -
- anoo.
Brother-Elder
- attanna.
Track of a foot
- jinna burrun.
,, Younger wabboo.
Fish -
- ayeu, kooioo.
A young man
- kowla.
Lobster
-
An old man
- bulknaw.
Crayfish
- andar.
An old woman
- bulknaw, bulk-
Mosquito -
- boothen.
nangin.
Ply .
■• niukna.
A baby
- wongoor.
Snake -
- mundaa.
A White man
- meearew.
The Blacks -
- meean.
Children -
- nangarawalla.
A Blackfellow
- meean.
Head -
- katta.
A Black woman
- buUmanyoo.
Eye -
- dilley.
Nose -
- noondoor.
Ear •
- wolloo.
BETWEEN BELYANDO AND CAPE RIVERS.
25
No.
142. — Belyando ani
) Cape Rivees-
-contimied.
Mouth -
- beea.
Boomerang -
- wongal.
Teeth -
- knalla.
Hill -
- byree.
Hair of the head
- booeliu.
Wood -
- dulla.
Beard -
- knanga.
Stone -
- byree.
Thunder
- moonkne.
Grass -
- bookan.
Camp -
- Jamba.
Tongue.
- dallyn.
Yes -
- yablenyin.
Stomach
- banni.
No -
- karra.
Breasts
- ngammoon.
I
- knichoo.
Thigh -
- knakkoo.
You -
- inda.
Foot -
- jenna.
Bark -
- okaa.
Bone -
- balban.
Good -
- marball.
Blood -
Skin -
- kooma.
■ beati.
Bad -
Sweet -
- wypa.
■ anga.
Pat -
- noonda.
Pood -
Bowels
- alkyue.
Hungry
- angul.
Excrement -
- koonna.
Thirsty
- yookinja.
War-spear -
- kanda-woon-
Eat -
- banjal.
Reed-spear -
garoo.
- kanda woUa-
Sleep -
- wookman, hun-
burra.
gar.
Wommera or
yoolman.
Drink
- yooka.
throwing-stick
Walk -
- dooa.
Shield -
- yoolmerri.
See -
- nakalla.
Tomahawk -
- balko.
Sit -
- barribinda.
Canoe -
-
Yesterday -
- ejabia.
Sun -
- kiey.
To-day
- irebutue.
Moon -
- akkera.
To-morrow -
- wirran, widdoor.
Star -
- boothue.
Where are
}he meean knandoor ?
Light -
Dark -
- goona, yoona.
- kuooroo.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- mixrra.
I don't know
- arra nakkalla.
Heat -
- kninjanka.
Plenty
- talgai.
Day -
- weeroo.
Big -
- talgibella.
Night -
- knoorungoo.
Little -
- batchingeri.
Fire -
- burri, banying.
Dead -
- woolinya.
Water -
- ammoo.
By-and-by -
- takoo wongieh.
Smoke
- toocha.
Come on
- danya wonga.
Ground
- nanni.
Milk -
- knammoon, am-
Wind -
- yarka.
moo.
Rain -
- ungalla.
Eaglehawk -
■ ooreytella.
God -
-
Wild turkey
- barkum.
Ghosts
- meekellew.
Wife -
- peykoo.
26 THE AUSTRALIAN EACE :
No. 143.— BELYANDO RIVER.
By James Mtjirhead, Esq., and Chables Lowe, Esq.
Of the annexed vocabularies of the Belyando tribes, the first
(largely supplemented with notes) was kindly sent to me by
Mr. James Muirhead, the second was obtained by Mr. Charles
Lowe from Mr. Edward Mayne.
Mr. Muirhead informs me that the language of which his
vocabulary is a specimen is spoken (no doubt with certain
differences) by the following bwra^ or tribes : —
The Owanburra, or Kowanburra, whose country is the
Upper Belyando.
The Wokkelburra, who inhabit the Lower Belyando to
its junction with the Suttor.
The Babbinburra, who dwell between Mistake Creek
and Clermont.
The Terraburra, who live near the Alice River.
The MunguUaburra, whose country is near Fort Cooper.
The Koombokkaburra, who inhabit Bower Downs Run.
The Muthoburra, whose country is Elgin Downs.
The Durroburra, who own some of the Burdekin and
Suttor country.
Some of these tribes, continues Mr. Muirhead, are divided
into four classes, which bear the following appellations: —
Men. Women.
Banbey, Banbeyan,
Wongoo, Woongooan,
Oboo, Obooken,
Kargilla. Kargillahan.
BELYANDO EIVBR. 27
The individuals of these classes marry as follows: —
Male. Female.
Banbey with Wongooan; offspring being - Oboo, or Obooken.
Oboo with Kargillahan; offspring being - Banbey, or Banbeyan.
Wongoo with Banbeyan; offspring being - Kargilla, or Kargillahan.
Kargilla with Obooken; offspring being - Wongoo, or Wongooan.
The system of class-marriage, Mr. Muirhead informs me,
obtains amongst two or three of the neighbouring tribes, and,
in one of them, the nomenclature of the classes is the same
as that given above, but in the others different. I also
learn the game is divided into two sorts, called Mallera and
Woothera respectively, as is also food generally, and that
certain classes are only allowed to eat certain sorts of food.
Thus, the Banbey are restricted to opossum, kangaroo, dog,
honey of small bee, &c.
To the Wongoo is allotted emu, bandicoot, black duck,
black snake, brown snake, &c.
The Oboo rejoice in carpet snakes, honey of the stinging
bee, &c., &c.
The Kargilla live on porcupine, plain turkey, &c., &c.,
and to them it appears belong water, rain, fire, and thunder,
and that they enjoy the reputation of being able to make
rain at pleasure.
Of course there are innumerable articles of food, fish,
flesh, and fowl, into the distribution of which Mr. Muirhead
does not enter. Tribes, remarks my informant, receive their
names generally from some peculiarity in their district or its
products. The food eaten by the Banbey and Kargilla is
termed Mallera, and that of the Wongoo, Oboo or Woothera.
Should a Wongoo Black, camped out by himself, dream
that he has killed a porcupine, he would believe that he
would see a Kargilla Black next day.
As is the case in Australia generally, these Blacks believe
that no strong man ever dies except as the consequence of
witchcraft ; that the old alone die from natural causes ;
that should A and B, two strong Blacks of the same tribe,
who were quite friendly, go out hunting together, and A, on
28 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
returning to the camp, be taken suddenly ill and die, the
tribe would believe that B had killed him by means of witch-
craft, and demand his life accordingly ; and that B, in dread
of the consequence, on the first sign of serious indisposition,
would take to flight and seek the protection of some other
tribe. The result of this unusual custom is that one or two
strange Blacks are found domiciled with nearly every tribe
in this neighbourhood. On the evening of A's death, his
friends, painted for war, theirweapons inhand, wouldassemble
and proclaim that he owed his death to B ; B's friends, on
the other hand, loudly maintaining that such was not the fact.
If, after arguing the matter, A's friends adhered to their first
opinion, they would wrap up the body of the deceased in
bark, and having made a stage with a fire by it, would beat
the ground about it into dust, making it smooth and level,
and leave the corpse for that day. On the return next day of
some of the warriors, the ground which had been smoothed
would be carefully examined, and if any animal, bird, or
reptile had passed over it, its track would be easily seen,
and the murder be assigned to some member of the tribe
in whose dietary scale the animal, bird, or reptile is included.
If a brown or black snake had been there, some Wongoo would
be declared to be the culprit ; if a carpet snake, an Obad ; if
a dog, a Banbey, and so on. Then would come the considera-
tion, to what particular Wongoo or Obad suspicion should
attach. If no animal had left his tracks on the prepared
ground, the friends of the deceased would try to frighten the
ghost out of the bark shroud. Failing in this, they would
again smooth down the dust, returning to the spot morning
and evening until they succeeded in catching the ghost, from
which incorporal essence they would learn to whom its release
from the body was due. This accomplished, the corpse
would be temporarily deposited in a grave, covered only with
bark, and be there allowed to remain for two months. A
half-circle would then be dug round one side of the grave,
the body be chopped up, put into fresh bark in as small a
space as could be conveniently managed, and be given to the
BELYANDO RIVER. 29
mother or sister of the deceased to carry to all meetings of
the tribe, or until the death were avenged. Eemains are
sometimes carried in this way for two years. When tired of
carrying them about, they are dropped down the pipe of a
hollow tree and left there, and a ring of bark is stripped off
that and the neighbouring trees to mark the spot. Should
they fail to obtain tidings of a murder in any way, a suspicion
is apt to grow up that possibly the death came of natural
causes. "When a man dies, the women cry and cut themselves
with sharp stones. "When a woman dies, or is killed, her
remains are burnt immediately. "When bad humour pervades
the camp, they often kill a woman and think nothing of it.
The Blacks, continues Mr. Muirhead, have a great dread
of falling stars; sometimes they pretend to have seen one
enter the ground and to have dug it up. Falling stars thus
obtained are kept in their bags with mysterious secrecy and
used for incantation. My informant got them to show him
one of the stars alleged to have been dug up, and found it to
be a piece of thick glass which its owner had picked up
somewhere. My informant also writes that the Babing-
burra tribe is called after the bottle-tree; the Owenburra
tribe after the emu ; the Muthoburra after a variety of the
brigalow-tree. Children are never called after their parents
(as such names could not be used after the death of either of
the parties), but after animals, reptiles, personal peculiarities,
deformities, &c. Besides names of this sort, the first born
male child is styled Tayling, or thumb; the second Bangan-
burra, after the first finger; the third Youlgo, after the
middle finger; the fourth Boorhy, after the third finger; and
the fifth Nallumbrew, after the little finger. Like other
tribes, they never name the dead. They recover from wounds
which would be certain death to "White men.
Concerning the superstitions of the tribe, Mr. Muirhead
says that there is in that part of the continent a non-
venemous snake with a black head, called Uthagoa, or
Kuthagoa, the body of which is marked like a carpet. Con-
cerning this reptile, the Blacks say that ages ago he was
30
THE AUSTRALIAN EACB :
most venemous, and used to Mil many Blacks; that the
moon became angry and burnt his head as he slept at night
in the grass, which made his head black and his bite harm-
less. They also relate of a snake called Ollerj/, or Gollery,
which has long fangs, and is very venemous, that in past
ages he had only small and harmless teeth; but meeting a
venemous snake in the grass he said to him, "What fine
long teeth you have; let me have yours and you mine ?" and
so the exchange was made, and Ollery became most venemous
and his friend innocuous.
The above reminds me that years ago the Bangerang
used to relate many wonderful tales in which the moon was
constantly a principal performer.
The following Additional Words were forwarded by Mr.
Muirhead: —
Additionai, Words.
Native tobacco
- mickerry.
Young woman
- mungine.
Gum -
- mokine.
Girl -
- umbal.
Bat -
- tibbingburra.
Boy -
- walbra.
Thumb
- telling or tay-
Eagle -
- korrithuUa.
liae.
Scrub turkey
- wandora,
Index finger
- bangangburra.
cocobean.
Middle finger
- youlgo.
Plain turkey
- burkum.
Third finger
boorly.
A plain
- burgulla.
Little finger
nuUumbrew.
Squatter pigeon
■ mothoo-mothoo
Clouds
youngalla.
Bronzewing
bapa.
Lightning -
mathaknurra.
pigeon
Short -
thaan.
Heart -
bundine.
Water rat -
ohnool.
Elbow -
mungo.
Ashes -
boonga.
Loins -
barrew.
Indignation meet
boa.
Wallaby -
doomba.
ing
Walleroo -
achool.
Funeral oration -
warrgul.
Wild cat -
nalgonna.
Cry -
unclewla.
White
onyoo.
Ruddle
boing.
Red -
dega.
Band round head milman. 1
Black -
to",
arroburra.
Meat -
euri.
HeavynuUa-nulla
baloor.
Corroboree -
mombo.
Crooked ditto
bow-bow.
Woman with child
ungine.
Boomerang -
wangal.
BELYANDO RIVER.
31
Stone chisel
Chisel for making
weapons
Knife -
Gum-tree about
rivers
Mussel
Seal -
Young of any
animal
Letter
Hail-stone -
Sugar -
Maggots
Squirrel
Sand-fly
AdditionaIi Words — continued.
Wombat - - warroo.
Spittle - - numba.
Rainbow - - bangor.
Reeds - - bandera.
Devil - - - megoola.
Bee - - - wooooon.
Black bee - - abba.
Stinging bee obuUa.
Small bee - - wathal.
Eel - - - wakel, oggella.
Male of any bamby.
animal
Female of any younga.
animal
Stop - - - naoo.
tungroo.
tabbingburra,
angil.
thandwalla.
arring.
talomby.
wongoa.
wappegilla.
muokerry.
bathero.
ooroo.
mungeroo.
mongy.
Bongerma -
Mathadilla -
Wongobungey
Arrungull -
Orragillgill -
Bilkurra
Names of Black Men, with their Significations.
Doolooa
Yandowongala
Alundorra -
- venemous.
- nearly caught an
eel.
- after the action
of a swallow.
- black cockatoo.
- mutton bird.
- narrow-leafed
box-tree.
Yangera-yanger
Almoola
Moornoora -
stick.
come back,
sand plover,
passion fruit,
native cotton,
a prickly burr
found in giddya
32
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 143.— BELYANDO RIVER.
By James MumHEAD, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- wo-e-a.
Hand -
- malla.
Opossum
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
- dungoo.
• wantie.
- goondooloo.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
- murray buUeroo.
- murray buUeroo
wogin.
Black duck -
Wood duck
Pelican
■ coberri.
knak-knak.
boloon.
- wogin.
- booleroo.
- booleroo wogin.
Laughing jackass
kakaburra.
Pour
- booleroo boo-
Native companion orrowra.
leroo.
White cockatoo ■
dickeri.
Father
- auntie, woddie.
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
waathan.
anjoo or anoo.
deena.
ohyoo.
Mother
Sister-Elder
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
Younger
- yunga.
■ wahboo.
Crayfish
ander.
A young man
cowla or owla.
Mosquito -
mundoo w
An old man
minda.
Fly - - -
botheen.
ninknum.
An old woman
A baby
A White man
Children -
bulgnau.
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow
moonda.
murray.
A Black woman -
bungangy,
Head -
auther.
youngeroo.
Eye -
diUi.
Nose -
nunder.
Ear -
wollo.
BELYANDO RIVER.
33
No. 143.— Bblyand
D RivEK — continued.
Mouth
- tunga.
Boomerang -
- wongal.
Teeth -
- eak or ea.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
-
Wood-
-
Beard -
- anga or nunga.
Stone -
- byo.
Thunder -
- moongoo.
Camp -
- yamba.
Grass -
- walkoo, boken.
Yes -
- yo.
Tongue
- talline.
No -
- kurra, curra-
Stomach
- knambooma.
berry.
Breasts
- nanmioon.
Thigh
.
I
- ia.
Foot -
- deenna.
You -
- indu.
Bone -
- balboon.
Bark -
- ooca, ocoow.
Blood -
- koomma, koom-
Good -
- marbel.
maw.
Bad -
-
Skin -
-
Sweet -
-
Pat -
- tommi, nunda.
Food -
- munda.
Bowels
- alkine.
Hungry
_
Excrement -
- oornia.
Thirsty
.
War-spear -
- anda.
Eat -
Reed-spear -
- walloburra.
Wommera or
toomuUa.
Sleep -
- wongoruronana
throwing-stick
Drink
-
Shield
- goolmerri.
Walk -
-
Tomahawk -
•• balgo.
See -
- naggalla.
Canoe -
- warella.
Sit -
-
Sun -
- kie, williby.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- kackera.
To-day
-
Star -
- woorra, butho.
To-morrow -
-
Light -
-
Where are
the
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold -
- moora.
I don't know
.
Heat -
-
Plenty
- talgi.
Day -
"
Big -
- burca, talgi.
Night -
- knakoon.
Little -
- bagerejnurre.
Fire -
- burry.
Dead -
- wallalie.
Water
- ammoo, kammoo
Smoke
- tocker.
By-and-by -
■•
Ground
- nannie.
Come on
- weingally.
Wind-
- yerka.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- kammoo.
Eaglehawk -
- korrithuUa,
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
VOL. 111.
D
34
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 143.— BELYANDO RIVER.
By Chaeles Lowe, Esq.
Kangaroo ■
Opossum
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow -
Swan -
Egg -
Track of a foot -
Pish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Ely - - .
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow
A Black woman
Nose -
murghoo.
thangool.
moorra.
oondooloo.
oolberri.
boonga-boonga.
arkooburra.
ooroon.
tequrri.
wathoo.
arrungharrau.
anoo.
deena.
weena.
ngobbera.
boodthim.
ninya.
boonalgarra.
murree.
nundooroo.
Hand -
- malla.
2 Blacks -
-
3 Blacks -
-
One -
- wirburra.
Two -
- buUarbu.
Three -
- argooroo.
Four -
-
Father
- yaboo.
Mother
- yungha.
Sister-Elder
-
„ Younger
-
Brother-Elder
-
Young
er
A young man
- munga.
An old man
- boonqua.
An old woman
- boongunna.
A baby
- mabala.
A White man
- murgooloo.
Children
- tundoo.
Head -
- adtha.
Eye -
- dille.
Ear -
- walloo w wolloo
BBLYANDO RIVER.
35
No. 143. — Bblyando Rivek — continued
Mouth
- moonoo.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- guanga.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- woodtha.
Wood -
bail.
Beard -
- yarrain.
Stone -
Thunder -
- moongnoo.
Grass -
- wahoo.
Camp -
woongarra.
Tongue
- thallain.
Yea -
yo-
Stomach
- wirra.
No - ■ -
ardda.
Breasts
- ngamoon.
I - -
ngaia.
Thigh -
- thurra.
You -
yunda.
Foot -
- deena.
Bark -
ooga.
Bone -
- baban.
Good -
bunbea.
Blood -
- oona.
Bad -
Skin -
- nourmal.
Sweet -
wargoo.
Pat -
- tonuni.
Food -
Bowels
- bamboo.
Hungry
obberru.
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
- goonna.
- anda.
- wallaburra.
Thirsty
Eat -
obybia.
bunga.
Wommera or
Sleep -
woongar.
throwing-stick
Drink -
- engowa.
Shield -
- boorgoo.
Walk -
- yuanil.
Tomahawk -
-
See -
- ngangoo.
Canoe -
- balgoo.
Sit -
- yambabundi
Sun -
- aie.
Yesterday, -
Moon -
- oggera.
To-day
Star -
- boodthoo.
To-morrow -
Light -
- elaroo.
Where are the
Dark -
- ngoorgun.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- moora.
I don't know
.
Heat -
- thalgui.
Day -
Night -
- elaroo.
Plenty
- thalgui.
- ngoorgun.
Big - -
- thalguberri,
rire -
- boorroo.
Little -
- bargalberri.
Water-
- armoo.
Dead -
- marbar.
Smoke
- thugumi.
By-and-by -
- boongnoo.
Ground
- nundee.
Come on
- thangun.
Wind -
- yarga,
Milk -
-
Rain -
-
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
Wild turkey
■
Ghosts
.
Wife -
-
02
36 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 144.— LOGAN CREEK, PART OP LOWER SUTTOR,
AND OF LOWER MISTAKE GREEK.
NARBOO MURRB TRIBE.
Anonymous.
A EESiDENT on Avon Downs Station, witli wliose name I am
not acquainted, lias kindly forwarded me tlie attached
vocabulary. From Ms statements I gather that there are
several associated tribes speaking dialects of a common
language, who inhabit Logan Greek, part of the Lower
Suttor, and of Lower Mistake Greek. One of these tribes,
from an individual of which the vocabulary was obtained, is
called Narboo Murre, whose country, or a portion of it,
which was occupied by the Whites in 1863, is now known as
Avon Downs Station. The original number of the Narboo
Murre my informant set down at five hundred, and their
present number at one hundred souls.
The ornaments of this tribe are mussel-shells, which
hang on the forehead suspended from the hair, and necklaces
made of coarse grass, cut into short lengths and threaded.
Cannibalism occurs occasionally amongst them, it is said,
even at the present day (1880). Polygamy prevails to some
extent, and five or six of the old men have two wives each.
The back, shoulders, chest, legs, and arms of this people
are ornamented with scars, and an upper tooth used to be
knocked out, but this custom and many others are falling
into disuse under the pressure of our colonization. The
LOGAN CREEK, ETC. 37
hair of tlie Narboo Murre is straight and coarse, with a little
curl when long. A message is sent to a neighbouring tribe
by a man who carries a stick carved for the occasion; but my
informant believes that without the messenger to interpret,
the signs on the carved stick could not be understood.
Two Additional Words are given, viz. : — mountain =
barree; hive of wild bees = kabba.
38
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 144.— LOGAN CREEK AND PART OF SUTTOR AND
MISTAKE CREEK.
Anonymous.
Kangaroo -
woora.
Hand -
■ mulla.
Opossum
tungoo .
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
ngoora.
One -
warbur.
Emu - ■ -
koondoloo.
Two -
boolooroo.
Black duck -
gooboori.
Three -
boolooroo- war-
Wood duck
bur.
Pelican
booloo.
Pour -
boolooroo-boo-
Laughing jackass
- karcoburra.
looroo.
Native companion
Father
yaboo.
White cockatoo
deckari, deroou.
Mother
yunga.
Crow -
Swan -
Egg -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
wadan.
moongabuUa.
kungoo.
deena.
weena.
Sister-Elder
„ Younger
Brother-Elder
,, Younger
A young man
boolgaypo.
wahboo.
kodunna.
wahboo.
cowla.
Crayfish
An old man
pringaroo.
Mosquito -
Fly - - -
Snake -
moonda.
ninga.
cabool.
An old woman
A baby
A White man
boongan,
camboo.
The Blacks -
murri.
Children
cambool-wahba
A^laokfellow -
murri.
Head -
kada.
A Black woman -
kieyoo.
Bye -
dillie.
Nose -
iiunda.
Ear -
woUoo.
LOGAN CREEK, ETC.
39
No. 144. — LooAK Cbeek and Past of Suttok and Mistake Greek —
contimied.
Mouth
- tunga.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- eangallaburoo.
Hill -
- mungoo.
Hair of the head
- boona.
Wood -
- toolab.
Beard -
- unga.
Stone -
- pa-ee.
Thunder -
Grass -
- moongoo.
- wagoo.
Camp -
-
Tongue
- tailing.
Yes -
- yea.
Stomach
- narmboo.
No -
- kurra.
Breasts
-
I
- nginye.
Thigh -
- toomoo.
You -
- iuda.
Foot -
- dinua.
Bark -
-
Bone -
- balbin.
Good -
- bembie.
Blood -
- gooma.
Bad -
- coitba.
Skin -
- beedie.
Sweet -
- cunga.
Fat -
- tammie.
Food -
- yooga.
Bowels
-
Hungry
- cabinoo.
Excrement -
-
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
- kuuda.
Thirsty
Eat -
-
Wommera or
Sleep -
-
throwing-stick
Drink -
-
Shield
- koolmurri.
Walk -
-
Tomahawk ■
- balgoo.
See -
-
Canoe -
- (none exist).
Sit -
-
Sun -
- ki-ee.
Yesterday -
- birgow.
Moon -
- karkurra.
To-day
- eja.
Star -
- bootoo.
To-morrow ■
- kiebadoo.
Light -
-
Where are the
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold -
-
I don't know
-
Heat -
-
Plenty
-
Day -
- ki-ee.
Big - -
- dulgai.
Night -
- wogoon.
Little
- bridgelberrie
Fire -
- boorie.
Dead
- woolellie.
Water
- kamoo.
By-and-by -
- dagoo.
Smoke
- dooga.
_
Come on
- woujow.
Ground
- nanie.
Milk -
- nammoon.
Wind - -
Rain -
- yerga.
- kamo.
Baglehawk -
- corridella.
God -
_
Wild turkey
- wurga.
Ghosts
- meederra.
Wife -
- burgoo.
40
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 145.— FORT COOPER.— AMINUNGO TRIBE.
By W. O. Hodgkinson, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- woora.
Hand -
- mulla.
Opossum
- kooliga.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
- wondi.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
- moura.
One -
- wurba.
Emu -
- koondooloo.
Two -
plurro.
Black duck -
- barran.
Three -
koodburra.
Wood duck-
Pelican - - kroora.
Laughing jackass kowkurra.
Native companion pargammo.
White cockatoo - dingerri.
Four -
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
- Congo.
- yabbo.
- yungan
- boungoon
Crow -
- wartagan.
,, Younger
- manrogunna,
Swan -
goordedilla.
megana.
Egg -
- kooki.
Brother-Elder
- balloona.
Track of a foot
tinna.
„ Younger karmina,
Fish -
winna.
kurdona.
Lobster
quarra.
A young man
- maura.
Crajrfish
An old man
- broonega.
Mosquito -
coongerra.
An old woman
■ broongewana
Fly -
nungun.
A baby
- yallo.
Snake ■
moonda.
A White man
- megolo.
The Blacks -
murri.
Children
- kondo.
A Blaokfellow
murri.
Head - . -
- koori.
A Black woman
warngo.
Eye -
- tille.
Nose -
nindi.
Ear -
- woUo.
FORT COOPER.
4
No. 145
—Fort Coopbe.— Aminunoo Trib-e— continued.
Mouth
tunga (lips).
Boomerang -
- wongul.
Teeth -
era.
Hill -
- boorganna.
Hair of the head
■ kata.
Wood -
- darla.
Beard ■
- unga.
Stone -
- barri.
Thunder
- tigaroo.
Camp -
- yamba.
Grass -
kindyerra.
Yes -
- karra.
Tongue
tuUia.
No -
- kadgimbinga,
Stomach
punna.
kunea.
Breasts
ammooa.
I
- madyeu.
Thigh -
- turra.
You -
- yinda.
Foot -
- tinna.
Bark -
- petuUa.
Bone -
bulban.
Good -
- poongonna.
Blood -
- koonga.
Bad -
-
Skin -
■ tungera.
Sweet -
- kantagoonda.
Pat -
tommy.
Pood -
- nilbo.
Bowels
koonna.
Hungry
- kabinno.
Excrement -
tuUi.
Thirsty . -
- kanga bungana
War-spear -
■ coombo.
Eat -
- yugonga.
Reed-spear -
kundura.
Sleep ■
- woongarra.
Wommera or
coombi yabunga.
Drink -
- kamo yugonga.
throwing-stick
Walk -
- yanninga.
Shield
koobnarri.
See -
- nuckunga.
Tomahawk -
piramo.
Sit -
- tunnunga.
Canoe
winda.
Sun -
karri.
Yesterday -
- koorgoo.
Moon -
kuggera.
To-day
- yegilga.
Star -
wiregi.
To-morrow -
- pootka.
Light -
karri.
Where are the
kow-warri.
Dark -
• koonda.
Blacks ?
Cold -
putarri.
I don't know
- kurrananga.
Heat -
karrimella.
Plenty
- paamburra.
Day -
moogonoo.
Big -
- kongoobarri.
Night -
koonda.
Little -
- pijarri.
Fire -
boori.
Dead -
- boonda.
Water
kamo.
By-and-by -
- tako.
Smoke
tooka.
Ground
nunni.
Come on
- cooranga.
Wind -
kidjara.
Milk -
- nammona.
Rain -
kamo bungera.
Eaglehawk
- purpunda.
God -
wad turkey
- koogia.
Ghosts
Wife -
- warngo.
42
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 146.— SCRUBBY CREEK.
By Edward Cube, Esq.
Kangaroo -
woorra.
Hand -
unna.
Opossum
kulaju.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
mudda.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
One -
warba.
Emu -
kundooloo.
Two -
kurgoo.
Black duck -
barana.
Three -
kurborra.
Wood duck -
- elganna.
Pelican
kuddaboo.
Four
kangoo.
Laughing jackass nurbungal.
Father
yabboon.
Native companior
I kooroora.
Mother
yanganna.
White cockatoo
tingari.
Siater-Elder
kudna.
Crow -
wadagan.
„ Younger
Swan -
Brother-Elder
kadana.
Egg -
kummara.
Track of a foot
,, Younger
Fish -
winna.
A young man
- kaoola.
Lobster
An old man
• broonga.
Crayfish
An old woman
■ undagana
Mosquito -
kannieroo.
A baby
- wabooroo.
Fly -
A White man
- migolo.
Snake -
tugiri, warrura.
The Blacks -
kurrunbay.
Children
A Blackfellow ■
Head -
manoo.
A Black woman
warnoo.
Eye -
- diUi.
Nose -
ooroo.
Ear -
woUoo.
SCRUBBY CREEK.
43
No. 146. — SCBUBBY Creek — continued.
Mouth
■ tha.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- irra.
Hill -
.
Hair of the head
- kurri.
Wood -
- tuUa.
Beard -
- nanga.
Stone -
- parri.
Thunder -
- moorinoo.
Camp -
- yamba.
Grass -
- widira.
Yes -
_
Tongue
Stomach
- buUo.
No - -
-
Breasts
- ammoona.
I
-
Thigh -
- tarra.
You -
-
Foot -
- thinna.
Bark -
- kooga.
Bone -
- balban.
Good -
- bungoona.
Blood -
- koonga.
Bad -
- urga.
Skin -
- koondo.
Sweet -
Fat -
- tammi.
Food -
- taloaralla.
Bowels
- kurrui.
Hungry
- kabbiri.
Excrement -
- koonana.
Thirsty
_
War-spear -
- burrunara.
Eat -
- ugangoopooroo.
Reed-spear -
- kirmba.
Wommera or
Sleep -
- ooga.
throwing-stick
Drink -
- bitangoo.
Shield -
-
Walk -
-
Tomahawk -
- balgoo.
See -
-
Canoe -
- winda.
Sit - -
- tanangoo.
Sun -
- karri.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
■ kagara.
To-day
- nilla.
Star -
- kangalbi.
To-morrow -
- kalgingen.
Light -
- talngana.
Where are
the
Dark -
- munnoo.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- butaringa.
I don't know
.
Heat -
- burnga.
Plenty
-
Day -
- karri.
Big -
- marga.
Night -
- munnoo.
Little -
- wabugooroo.
Fire -
- tunburri.
Dead -
- bunda.
Water
- kammoo.
Smoke
- tuga.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- nanni.
Come on
- tawaii,poorianni
Wind -
- kaiba.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- yoogana.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
44 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 147.— PORT MACKAY AND ITS
NEIGHBOUEHOOD.
By Geoboe F. Bridgeman, Esq., and the Revd. H. Bucas.
For tlie following information relative to tlie Port Mackay
tribes I am indebted to the gentlemen named above, and
also to a resident in tbe locality, who has forwarded his con-
tribution anonymously. The vocabularies famished by
these three gentlemen agree so well, that I have thought it
unnecessary to give more than one of them. Other than as
regards language, the information I have received respecting
these tribes is to the following effect: —
Within a radius of fifty miles or so of Port Mackay dwell
four tribes which differ but little in speech. Their names
are the Yuipera, in whose territory is the town; the Kungal-
burra, whose country is between Port Mackay and Broad
Sound; Toolginburra, resident just to the west of the territory
of the last-named tribe ; and the Googaburra, or Island Blacks.
The occupation by the "Whites of the country of these tribes
began, I learn, in 1860, or thereabouts. During the eight or
ten years which followed, about one-half of the aboriginal
population was either shot down by the Native Mounted
Police and their officers, or perished from introduced loath-
some diseases before unknown. The Black troopers, however,
are said to have been the chief destroyers. What the actual
numbers of the tribes were when the Whites came amongst
them is not known, but my anonymous correspondent gives
PORT MACK AY AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. 45
tlie number of the Toolginburra tribe at the present time
(1880) as one hnndred, made up of 40 men, 40 women, and
20 children, and mentions that large numbers were carried
off by measles in 1876.
As regards clothing, these tribes used opossum-rugs at
night, but went naked during the day, with the exception of
the women, who wore a belt round the waist, which supported
a fringe, which hung down in front nearly as low as the
thigh. Fringes of this sort are common throughout
Australia, and are made of vegetable fibre, or of the fur of
the opossum twisted into strings, or of the skins of animals
greased and cut into strips. Not a few of these people
reached, it is thought, the age of seventy years, and there are
still some alive whose hair is quite white. Both sexes wear
ornaments made from the shell of the Karreela, or nautilus.
In times of rejoicing they paint themselves red, and when in
mourning, white.
Except that boomerangs of both sorts are in use, and
that the wommera is not, there is nothing to record in
connection with the weapons and implements of these tribes,
as they differ in nothing from what has been already so
often described. Cannibalism used to be practised, but on
rare occasions only; polygamy was in vogue, and infanticide
existed.
Mr. Bridgeman informs me that all things, animate and
inanimate, are divided by these tribes into two classes, named
Yungaroo and Wootaroo. In conformity with this idea, each
of the tribes under consideration is divided into Yungaroo
and Wootaroo. These are again each divided into two sub-
classes, with a view to the regulation of marriage and pre-
vention of the union of persons nearly related by blood. The
first into Gurgela and Gurgelan, masculine and feminine,
and Bunbai and Bunbaian. The second into Koobaroo and
Koobarooan, masculine and feminine, and Woongo and
Woongoan. Every member of the tribe belongs to one of
these classes, and the arrangement works in the manner
shown by the following table: —
46
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
fl
d
o o
o o
o o
^1
o o
<5 '?
S Pl
OO
^i4
MM
OO
ra 12
)3
^
<Y
1
•S
^
g
^
W
M
!«
^
T
a
6
;;
d
a
.J3
Q
^
S
^^
FQPq
c8 tS
pqpq
o
^
I
o
M
o
?
s
1
o
o
g
,c
o
o
^
M
s
'S
tj
c3
a
a
ce
&o
M
3
3
ii
O
g
6
I
a
g
^
O
C3
o
o o
botio
o o
o o
O
^
I
f
^
^
I
PORT MACKAY AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD.
47
The reader will thus understand that a Gurgela can only
marry with a Koobarooan, and that she must not be nearly
related to him; and so of the others. For him to cohabit
with a Koobarooan, not his wife, is looked on as an offence
against her husband only; but to cohabit with a woman of
any other class is esteemed shameful and unnatural. Every
Gurgela calls every other Gurgela brother, and every Koo-
barooan wife, and every Woongo son, unless they be of the
preceding generation, when he calls them father, &c.
Woongo calls every Koobaroo kulnagu, which probably means
uncle, and so on.
Phbases by Mr. Beidqeman.
Where are the Blacks ?
I don't know -
Where are all the women ?
Fishing -
One woman is in the camp
Where is Tommy 1
I have not seen him to-day
I am hungry -
A hungry Black
Give me some animal food
Here it is
.Come and fish -
No, let us hunt opossum
By-and-by I wiU eat opossum -
Opossum (is) no good -
Emu is best
Come and swim
Beoflf -
I will go ■ - •
Are you tired ! -
- anja murry ?
- curra ngia knuokelly, or Not I seen.
- anja kaiyeu tappo ?
- winna manera, or Fish taking.
- kaiheu wurbur yambunga woonera,
or Woman one camp remains.
- anja Tommy ?
- currenga kurra knuckelly ngea, or
Sun this not seen I.
- gobbeno ngia, or Hungry I.
- murry gobdenberry, or Black hun-
ger with.
- nowra yapamo, Meat give.
- ngi woonera, or There remains.
- wiima manera ngally, or Fish take
we.
- kurra, colijo yanera. No, opossum
let us go.
- tacko colijo ukera ngia.
- quea colijo, Bad opossum.
- goondoloo binbee, or Emu good.
- goodgimo (imperative).
- yarromo.
- ngally yanera.
- dinnabingera indu ? or Tired you ?
48
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Phbases by Mr. Bridoeman — continued.
I am Very tired
Well ! go to sleep
By-and-by I will sleep -
Where is my husband ?
You will see him by-and-by
I see two women
Where is my spear ?
1 have not seen your spear
Give me one spear
Come and see my canoe
Don't talk
- dinnabingera ngia woorwaya, Tired
I much.
- woonomo, or Sleep.
- tacko woonera ngia.
- anja bulgin ? Where husband ?
- tacko knuckanow indu.
- kaiyeu boolera knuckana ngia. '
- anja coombo ngio, Where spear
mine?
- coombo curra knuckelby, or Spear
not seen.
- coombo wurbur ngombomo.
- yaudoolia(oj' winda)ngioknuckomo,
or Canoe mine see.
- kurra yamala.
Phrases, etc., by the Rbvd. H. Btjcas.
Prepositions, says Mr. Buoas, are an important feature in this language,
and are always affixed to substantives or pronouns, of which instances will
be see in what follows: —
The Blacks are coming
What are they bringing ?
A kangaroo
Where from ? -
Prom a long way
Why have you taken my meat ?
I have not taken it
I have thrown it away stinking
- mum woorpera.
- angabirri ? or What with ?
- woorabirri, or Kangaroo with.
- anjatum?
- cow-warri-tum.
- angirri nowra ngigo murrulba ? or
What for meat mine taken ?
- kurra ngia murrulba.
- wandala ngia kaiga; wandomo,
throw away (imperative); wan-
dulba, thrown away.
Why do you speak nonsense ; you angirri cuttee yamala woono bunda
were always greedy ? indoo murri; literally. Why non-
sense speak, always greedy you
man?
When I finish (digging) this ground, nanni curmbulba anny-go wininow
what will the White man give me ? megolo ? Earth finished, what will
give White man?
Who = andalo; what = anni; where = anga or andalgo; words of this
sort always begin with the syllable an.
PORT MACKAY AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD,
49
Verbs.
Tenses do not alter in person. Many verbs seem to be irregular.
Present.
Past.
Future.
Imperative.
Kemarks.
I see or know
seen
I shall see
see
I have not seen the
Blacks
Knuokana
knuckilba
knuckanow
knuckomo
kurra ngia murri
knuckalba *
I do or make
done
I shall make
do it
this verb resembles
Burumbula
burumbulba
barumbano
barumbomo
the Latin verb
I bring
I brought
I shall bring
bring
Facio
Gorinna
woprilba
gormow
goromo
I tie or fasten
fastened
I shall fasten
fasten
rope strongly fasten
Yuckanna
yackaba
yuckanow
yuckomo
gubbera winberri
lout
out
I shall cut
cut
yuckomo.
Goolma
goomulba
—
goolmono
VOL. III.
50
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 147.— PORT MACKAY AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD.
By Geokge F. Bridgbman, Esq.
In this vocabulary will be noticed head and hair expressed by one word,
and hill and stone by another, White man and ghosts by another. To drink
is rendered eat water.
Kangaroo -
woora.
Hand -
muUa.
Opossum -
kolijo.
2 Blacks -
murry boolera.
Tame dog -
wandy, mirree.
3 Blacks ■
murry boolera
Wild dog -
moura.
warpur.
Emu -
goondooloo.
One -
warpur or wat-
Black duck - ■
- barran.
chiu.
Wood duck
goobirry.
Two -
boolera.
Pelican
gootaburra.
Three -
boolera warpur.
Laughing jackasi
i kowur, cowur-
Four -
burra
Father
yaboo.
Native companion kooroora.
Mother
younga.
White cockatoo
tingeri.
Sister-Elder
meekana, wango-
baya.
the same.
Crow -
wotigana.
,, Younger
Swan -
booroobirry.
Brother-Elder
- kuttia, cutta-
Egg - -
kato.
nurra.
Track of a foot
yalka.
, , Younger
wobbun or wob-
Fish -
winna.
bunurra.
Lobster
A young man
mindera.
Crayfish
nguohul.
An old man
- bingabirry (with
Mosquito -
goongera,bakina.
grey hairs).
Fly - - -
uungina.
An old woman
- buUngana.
Snake
The Blacks -
(nogeneralterm).
murry.
A baby
A White man
Children
- yalo.
meegolo.
yalobaga.
- kutta.
A Blackfellow ■
bomma.
Head
A Black woman -
kaiyew or kaioo.
Eye -
tilly or dilly.
Nose -
bootan,
Ear -
walloo,
PORT MACKAY AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD.
51
ITS Neichboukiiood— coreiwwed.
ivioum
Teeth -
- erar.
Hair of the head- kutta, kowno.
Beard
- ngunga.
Thunder -
- tickeroo.
Grass -
- kaigera.wockera.
Tongue
- tallia.
Stomach
- bunna.
Breasts
- ugomone.
Thigh
- toomo.
Foot -
- dinna,
Bone -
- bulbun.
Blood -
- gooma.
Skin - -
- bitty.
Pat -
- tammee, nurpy.
Bowels
- ngalko.
Excrement -
- goonna.
War-spear -
- koombo.
Reed-spear -
-
Wommera or
meero.
throwing-stick
Shield -
- goolmurry.
Tomahawk -
- beeramo.
Canoe -
- winda.
Sun -
- kurree.
Moon -
- kockurra.
Star -
- wirrigee.
Light -
- curree-birry
(with sun).
Dark -
- meta.
Cold -
- bootarry.
Heat -
- bumgabirry
(with sweat).
Day -
- kurreebirry.
Night -
- goouda.
Fire -
- boree.
Water
- kommo.
Smoke
- tooka.
Ground
- nanny.
Wind-
- kaipa.
Rain -
- kommo.
God -
.
Ghosts
- meegolo.
Boomerang -
- wougala.
Hill -
- toolkoon, paree.
Wood -
- bunga, duUo.
Stone -
- paree.
Camp -
- yamba.
Yes -
- yo, yoi.
No -
- kurra.
I
- ngia.
You -
■ - indu.
Bark -
- bitty, gooka.
Good -
- boongana, binbe.
Bad -
- guea.
Sweet -
- (no term).
Food ■
- munda (vege-
table), ury (ani-
mal).
Hungry
- gobbin.
Thirsty
- comma miena
(sicA[for]water).
Eat -
- euchera.
Sleep -
- woomba.
Drink -
- kommo euchera.
Walk -
- toera.
See -
- knukela or tilly-
knuckela.
Sit -
- womera.
Yesterday -
- goorcanga.
To-day
- ageba(now),cur-
ree ageba (this
sun).
To-morrow -
- beerkou.
Where are the auga murry ?
Blacks?
I don't know
- kurra ngia uogela
(not I see).
Plenty
- lumburra.
Big - -
- woorwaya, tul-
kurry.
Little -
- batchary.
Dead -
- miebo.
By-and-by -
- taiko.
Come on
-
Milk -
- ngomone.
Eaglehawk -
- coreeduUa.
Wild turkey
- berkum.
Wife -
- kaiyewngijo
(woman mine).
52
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 148.— BROAD SOUND, YAAMBA, MARY-
BOROUGH, AND ST. LAWRENCE.
By Fbedekic Muller, Esq.
In this vocabulary of Broad Sound, Yaamba (camp), Mary-
borougli, and St. Lawrence, wMcli was forwarded to me by
Mr. Frederic MuUer, many words will be noticed very
similar to those which occur at Port Mackay, whilst others
agree with those of Rockhampton, the Upper Barcoo, and
the Diamantina. The word Bina = ear is occasionally met
with as far south as Queanbeyan.
No. 148.— BROAD SOUND, YAAMBA, MARYBOROUGH, AND ST.
LAWRENCE.
By Frederic Mttlleh, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- woora.
Opossum -
- naring.
Tame dog -
- merri.
Wild dog -
Emu -
- koondaloo.
Black duck
- bauon.
Wood duck
Pelican
- kooyabula
Laughing jackass kocaburra
Native companion goowar.
White cockatoo
- willoo.
Crow
- wathan.
Swan -
- guron.
Egg - -
- koolpoor.
Track of a foot
- womma.
Fish -
- gooyar.
Lobster
- goowarra.
Crayfish
- elin.
Mosquito -
- moowyn.
Fly - -
- kooroo.
Snake -
-
The Blacks -
- kattar.
A Blackf ellow
- kattar.
A Black woman
- kingil.
Nose -
- wooroo.
Hand -
- nelli.
2 Blacks -
- kattar blaue.
3 Blacks -
- kattar kango.
One -
- onegan.
Two -
- blaue.
Three -
- kango.
Four -
- blaue warpar.
Father
- pena.
Mother
- nararoo.
Sister-Elder
- maroo.
„ Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- mairang.
„ Young
er
A young man
- kaola.
An old man
- barparoo.
An old woman
- bapawan.
A baby
- wooer.
A White man
- taboon.
Children
- wooroo.
Head
- naue.
Eye -
- meel.
Ear -
- bina.
BEOAD SOUND, YAAMBA, ETC.
5^
No. 148.— Broad Sound, Yaamba, Mabtboeough, ane
St. Lawkencb-
contimied.
Mouth
danga.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
neera.
Hill -
Hair of the head
manam.
Wood -
buUa.
Beard -
- anga.
Stone -
baue or balle.
Thunder -
- tekoroo.
Grass -
- kalla.
Camp -
yaampa.
Tongue
- tallang.
Yes -
eh-eh.
Stomach
- booloo.
No - - -
yamma.
Breasts
- ampa.
I
matta.
Thigh -
- darra.
You -
inda.
Foot ■
- dinna.
Bark -
koka.
Bone -
- billoo;
Good -
garabalki.
Blood -
- gawoon.
Bad -
walko.
Skin -
- winnooer.
Sweet -
kattam.
Pat -
- balge.
Food -
narrai.
Bowels
- koonan.
Excrement -
- koonan.
Hungry
bapool.
War-spear -
- kanai.
Thirsty
- tookul.
Reed-spear -
-
Eat -
- dangain.
Wommera or
woomeea.
Sleep -
- konin.
throwiug-stick
Drink -
- dalla.
Shield
- koolmare.
Walk -
- yanna.
Tomahawk -
- wagar.
See -
- waara.
Canoe -
- wynda.
Sit
- teeka.
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
- kaue or karre.
- nillan.
- kandalle.
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
- monda.
- talla.
Light -
-
Where are the
kattar wyndar
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold -
- puttail.
I don't know
- kamanangi.
Heat - ■ •
- karremal.
Day -
Night -
- katte.
- bandaman.
Plenty
Big ■
Little -
- nooraing.
- kooraing.
Fire -
- oui or wee
Dead -
- wattoo.
Water
- kalle.
Smoke
- tooka.
By-and-by -
Ground
- kappa.
Come on
Milk -
Wind-
- kaipa.
Rain -
- yammal.
Baglehawk -
God -
.
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife -
54
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 149.— BOOKHAMPTON AND GEACEMERE.
By Thomas Aecheb, Esq., C.M.G.
The following vocabulary and very interesting letter were
kindly forwarded to me by Mr. Thomas Archer: —
" Dear Sir, — I have filled in the vocabulary sent herewith
as nearly as any combination of English letters can be made
to convey the sounds and accents of a native language.
The letter r should as a rule be sounded liquid, except when
it is the final, letter of a word, and even then it is often
slurred so as to be nearly inaudible. In words of more than
one syllable the accent should almost always be on the
first. On looking over the list I find that the following
words are identical with or closely resemble those of the
Wirraddury language, which is (or rather was) spoken
throughout a very large extent of country, commencing a short
distance west of Mudgee and continuing on down the Castle-
reagh River towards the Barwon, and from the Lower
Macquarie to the Wallambungle mountains. With this
language I was pretty familiar five-and-twenty years ago,
but many of the words have now escaped my memory. The
words I allude to are: —
English.
Rockhampton.
Wirraddury.
Dog -
mirri -
mirri (?)
Laughing jackass
kookooburra
the same.
Crow - - - .
wagan
the same.
Two - - -
bullari
bulla.
Foot - ■ -
dinna -
dinnang.
Excrement -
koonnang -
the same.
Fire -
wee -
wien.
Water
kalU -
kallin.
You -
inda -
indo.
I . . .
atta -
addo.
To see
nam -
nagi.
ROCKHAMPTON AND GRACEMERE. 55
" The language of the natives in the Brisbane, Wide Bay,
Port Curtis, and Eockhampton districts is so broken into
dialects spoken every twenty or thirty miles that I have
known a dozen boys playing together who would have given
a different name for the same object, even such familiar ones
as wood, water, fire, &c. It is therefore difficult for a White
to pick up the languages used by the Blacks inhabiting
these districts, unless he makes them his business and
studies them. In the western districts of New South Wales
(and I doubt not the same holds good in Victoria) one lan-
guage would be spoken throughout a large extent of country
(as, for instance, the Wirraddury), and the names of these
languages were generally made up, more or less, of the
negative of the language ; as, for instance, Wirraddury, nega-
tive Wirrai ; Kamilaroi, negative Kamil ; Wailwun, negative
Wail, and so on.
" I am, &c.,
"Thomas Aechee."
56
THE AUSTRAlilAN RACE:
No. 149— EOCKHAMP.TON AND GRACEMERE.
By Thomas Archer, Esq.
Kangaroo -
boorro.
Hand -
■ illy.
Opossum
naring.
2 Blanks -
- bullari kattar.
Tame dog -
mirri.
3 Blacks -
- bulliariwerpa
Wild dog -
kattar.
Emu -
koondooloo.
One -
- Tjrerpa.
Black duck -
barran.
Two -
- bullari.
Wood duck -
mah.
Pelican
boolan.
Three -
- bulliariwerpa
Laughing jackass
kook'ooburra.
Four -
- kangoondie.
Native companion koorur.
Father
- bina.
White cockatoo
kaiagoor.
Mother
- ngeia.
Crow -
wagan.
Sister-Elder
- maram.
Swan -
kootool.
,, Younger
-
Egg -
- koolpoor.
Brother-Elder
- maram.
Track of a foot
barin.
,, Younger
Fish -
kooya.
A young man
- wooroo.
Lobster
•wambein.
An old man
- yantarrie.
Crayfish
ella.
An old woman
- yantarrian.
Mosquito -
mingur.
Fly ' - -
kooroo.
A baby
- koolmoo.
Snake -
tookkirri.
A White man
- taboom.
The Blacks -
kattar mattan.
Children
- mattan.
A Blackfellow -
kattar.
Head -
- ngarrie.
A Black woman -
kinkil.
Eye -
- null.
Nose -
wooroo.
Ear -
- pinna.
ROCKHAMPTON AND GRACEMERE.
57
No. 149.— RoCKHAMPTON AND GeACEMEBE-
-continued.
MoTith
- munno.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth ■
- kirra
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- mannan.
Wood -
- dutuUa.
Beard -
- anka.
Stone -
- barri.
Thunder
- booroongai.
Camp -
- yampa.
Grass -
- karra.
Tongue
- talain.
Yes -
- yowie.
Stomach
- boUoo.
No -
- tamma.
Breasts
- ammou.
I
- atta.
Thigh- -
- ka-al.
You -
- inda.
Foot -
- dinna.
Bark -
- kokka.
Bone -
- tilloo.
Good - -
- balki.
Blood -
- kawoon.
Bad -
- wailim.
Skin -
- nooman.
Sweet -
- balki.
Fat -
- talki.
Food -
- mattantalti.
Bowels
- tuidil.
Excrement -
- koonnang.
Hungry
- kramman.
War-spear -
- wooyoola.
Thirsty
- woolain.
Reed-spear -
-
Eat -
- talta.
Wommera or
Sleep -
- konimbo.
throwing-stick
Drink -
-
Shield -
-
Walk -
- belin.
Tomahawk -
- bandara.
See -
- nain.
Canoe -
- andool.
Sit -
- teein.
Sun - -
- kain.
Moon -
- ngillan.
Yesterday -
- ooinda.
Star -
- kaiupil.
To-day
■ yarrura.
Light -
-. kain.
To-morrow -
- mallago.
Dark - -
- kooroo.
Where are the woondaida
Cold - -
- kirroo.
Blacks ?
katta ?
Heat -
- palpalla.
I don't know
- tainmanangi
Day -
- woondayan.
Plenty
- woorrain.
Night -
- koorrio.
Big - -
- woorrain.
Fire -
- wee.
Little -
- kangoolkor.
Water
- kalli.
Dead -
- wattoo.
Smoke
- taitookka.
By-and-by -
- keago.
Ground
- kappa.
Come on
- malkalli.
Wind- -
- kanam.
Milk -
-
Kain -
- ka-al.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
58 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 150.— EASTERN SLOPES OF EXPEDITION
RANGE, LOWER DAWSON, UPPER FITZROY,
MACKENZIE, AND ISAACS RIVERS, AND
MANY OF THEIR TRIBUTARIES.
By Petbk McIntosh, Esq., W. D. Cooke, Esq., C. G. Bakthelemy, Esq.
The following vocabulary of one of tlie dialects spoken on
the waters named above was, with the exception of a few
words, forwarded to me by Mr. Peter Mcintosh. His
spelling I have altered for convenience' sake to that adopted
in the vocabularies taken down by myself, as set out in
Chapter I. I think it probable that the first a in Wadihan
= crow, Wangoora = bah/, and in several other words, is
meant to convey the sound of o. Besides a vocabulary,
Mr. Mcintosh also forwarded me a very interesting letter,
from which the following are extracts: —
" I have filled up the accompanying vocabulary as far as
my memory serves me in the Kaangooloo Thaa, in which
I could converse indifferently some thirteen years since. I
regret to find how much I have forgotten. I have thought
it best, however, to fill up as far as I can, as you may be able
to supply the deficiency from other sources. The Kaangoo-
loo are a tribe, or rather a confederation of several tribes —
the Karranbal, the Maudalgo, the Mulkali, and others
inhabiting the country on the eastern slopes of Expedition
Range, the Lower Dawson, the Upper Fitzroy, and the
Mackenzie Rivers, and their tributaries— all speaking the
same Thaa or tongue. In common with many other tribes,
EASTERN SLOPES OF EXPEDITION RANGE, ETC. 59
their negative Kaangoo also expresses the generic name of
their tribe, Kaangooloo.
" The name of every individual in this tribe ends with the
syllable ow, as Manoonmaow, Yakkoolabow', Mulkaidow,
Doorenmadow, Koongooranbow, Maiaroonmow, Bearioonow,
Bai-in-moor-ow, Manboonbadthnow, Tarrathagow, Moor-
koonbathow, Inganbow, &c. All the sons of a family bear
the same name, and are given, or take for distinction, the
name of some animal; as Mulkaidow Kooroodilea = the
eaffle ; Mulkaidow Kokohin = the scrub turkey; Mulkaidow •
Koondooloo = the emu. Nicknames are also made use of, as
Mdllawaramha — left-armed; Dhilli maieba = blind-eyed.
Some of the names have fanciful derivations, as Yakkoola-
bow, from Yakkool, the water-lily; Koongoorabow, from
Koon-goo-oOf hoar-frost. The names of places seem to have
been given in view of local peculiarities, as Nanni nai, or
brown earth; Yakoolabarri, a place of water-lilies; Toogoon-
barri, tomahawk place, or place whence the stone of which
tomahawks are made is obtained; Kakoolabarri, wallaby
place, &c. The terminations angi, dangi, and bindangi mean
nearly the same thing as barri, viz., home or dwelling-place,
as Kakoolbindangi, or home of the wallaby; Dthirabindangi,
oxhome of the lizzards. Either of these terminals tacked
on to the name of an animal, tree, or flower changes it into
the name of a place, and a place where the animal, tree, or
plant indicated may be understood to exist in greater
abundance than elsewhere. Many words are differently
pronounced by different branches of the same tribe. Lagoon
is variously called Tatying, Kaakan, Ngiakan, and Ngarkan.
Nganni or Ngandtha is a general
mitxiog^'as&,z&Ngandthangar? = Where? Ngandtharroo?
= Why?"
Then follows these phrases: —
Nganni-mooroo mawa Bamma inda wanthaba ?
How many strange Blacks you see?
Ungoor ungoor.
Many many.
60 THE AUSTRALIAJSr RACE:
Ngandthangoo nthoola yamba ?
Where they camp ?
Piari pippoora.
Near river.
. Nganni yaroongali pippoora?
Interrogative, other side river ?
Kaaugoo, uloomali.
No, this side.
Nganthanoo inda wanthaba ?
When you saw ? •
Piari karri oodara.
Near sun slept.
Nganni inda umbarra ntHoola kambirranoo ?
Interrogative, you think they will fight ?
Yoe, yarroo ngia umbarra.
Yes, that way I think.
Ngautheroo inda yaroo umbarra ?
Why you that way think ?
Kaangof) kaiye ngalli, kaangoo walburra, kangoo, wangoora, ungoor
No women there, no boys, no children, all
wallali, mindi bindarra mulka, kandai, wangal, miro.
strong (men), with many shields, spears, boomerangs, wommeras.
"Another form of qnestioning," continues Mr. Mcintosh,
" is alia. Alia ooleo Bama is equivalent to Andthangoo Bama, ?
i.e., Where are the Blacks ? Yakari ! is an expression of
joyful surprise ; if I were to try to render it literally, joyful
heart is as near as I could come. Yeera hatha ! is an
expression of condolence about equivalent to dear me ! I met
an old man of the Kaangooloo tribe lately, who, on address-
ing me in his own tongue, and finding I did not understand
it so well as formerly, exclaimed — ' Yeera hatha! andtharoo
inda waloo pierd ngatue thaa?' — i.e., teeth (of my) heart! —
' Tr% your ear lost my tongue ! ' (or why have you forgotten
my language?). Mangarea means failure in anything.
Mangarea yapaba ngia, I threw and failed to hit the mark
Mangarea yangaba, I failed to find.
EASTERN SLOPES OF EXPEDITION RANGE, ETC.
61
Additional Words.
Comrade
- waminda.
To break -
padthenoo.
White -
- mooli.
Broken
padtheba.
Red -
- wopool.
Rotten
moothang.
Black -
- koora.
A path
bial.
Brown
- naie-naie.
A ridge
- thoom.
Far -
- kowari.
A plain
- birkalla.
Near -
- peari.
A scrub
- moongaa.
Straight
- thoon.
Bream
kamooroo.
Right -
- boolimba.
Garfish
- beanooroo.
Left -
- warramba.
Five -
- karkoone.
There -
- inai.
Six -
- karkoone waiba.
Laugh -
- yatyerra.
A bright planet
- ooyalgan.
Weep -. ' -
- pungera.
Orion -
- maakaraan.
Whistle
- koopiel.
Southern Cross
- koodyoorinadyal.
Cooee -
- kaugal.
One night -
- waiba oongar, i.e.,
Speak -
- dthooni.
one sleep.
Spoke ■
- dthooniba.
Running water
■ dilkoon.
Cut -
- goonmanoo.
River -
- pipoora.
Stab -
- paupanoo.
Creek -
- tarra, i.e., leg.
Strike -
- kondanoo.
Mine -
- ngatue.
Struck
- koondaba.
Yours -
- unoo.
KiU ■
- noonpanoo.
I walk-
- wakarra or yan-
Killing
nooparra.
negarra.
KUled-
- noopaba.
I walked
- wakareba or
Swnn •
- oongainoo.
yanneba.
Walk -
- wakera.
Sleeping
- oongarra.
Run -
- yaperakera.
Slept -
- oongaba.
Be quick
- yapera ma.
I see -
- wantharra.
To fly -
Jump -
Strong-
Tall or long
- mallawakera
(walk with
wings).
- bulkanoo.
- wallalli.
- goorgan.
I saw - - - wanthaba.
I sit - - - ulongarra.
I sat - - - ulongaba.
Posteriors - - moola.
Go on or walk gonda yaune.
Short -
Tired -
- koolkooroo.
- nthuUa.
away
Sick with hunger koopira mai-era.
Sick -
- mai-era.
Tree -
- banga.
Sore -
- nimoo.
Honey
- kappa.
• Besides the information given by Mr. Mcintosh, I have
also received a few words of the Common Vocabulary from
62
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
W. D. Cooke, Esq., taken on the Isaacs River, which agree
in the main with those of Mr. Mcintosh, and from which I
have filled up a few vacancies left by the latter gentleman.
I have also used in the same way a few words kindly for-
warded to me by C. G. Barthelemy, Esq.
No. 150.— EASTERN SLOPES OP EXPEDITION RANGE, LOWER
DAWSON, UPPER FITZROY, MACKENZIE, AND ISAACS
RIVERS, AND MANY OF THEIR TRIBUTARIES.
By Petek McIntosh, Esq.
The reader may compare White man and ghosts, also stone and hill.
Kangaroo -
oora.
Hand -
- maa, malla.
Opossum
2 Blacks -
- boolaroo bama.
Tame dog -
ngooda.
3 Blacks -
- boolaroo waiba
Wild dog -
bama.
Emu: -
koondooloo.
One -
- waiba.
Black duck
barran.
Two -
- boolaroo.
Wood duck
Three -
- boolaroo waiba.
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Four -
■ boolaroo-bool^-
Native companion
roo.
White cockatoo -
gair-gair.
Father
- yapoonye.
Crow -
wadthaan.
Mother
- yanginde.
Swan -
Sister-Elder
-
Egg - - ■
„ Younger
-
Track of a foot -
dthinna.
Brother-Elder
wapoorinyi.
Fish -
wjnna.
,, Younger kathanye.
Lobster
A young man
- kaoola.
Crayfish
An old man
- wadtharaan.
Mosquito -
Fly - - -
bootyill.
An old woman
- wadthoogaan.
Snake
kooli, kabool.
A baby
- wangoora.
The Blacks -
bama.
A White man
- mikkooloo.
A Blaokfellow -
bama.
Children
- wangoora.
A Black woman -
kaiye.
Head -
- kattha.
Nose -
wootra (also to
Eye -
- dthilli.
smell).
Ear -
- waloo.
EASTERN SLOPES OF EXPEDITION RANGE, ETC.
63
No. 150. — Easteen Slopes or Expedition Range,
ETC. — continued.
Mouth
-
Boomerang -
- wangal.
Teeth
- yiirra.
Hill -
- parri.
Hair of the head
- kalla.
Wood -
- punk (also tree).
Beard -
-
Stone -
- parri.
Thvmder -
- mukkurra.
Camp -
- yamba.
Grass -
- woodthoon.
Yes -
- yoe.
Tongue
- thaa.
No
- kaangoo.
Stomach
- nalkoon.
I
- ngia.
Breasts
- ngammoon.
You -
- inda or iinda.
Thigh -
- tarra.
Bark -
- pelthal, unboon.
Foot -
- dthinna.
Good -
- binbi.
Bone -
- palpana.
Bad - -
- waikoo.
Blood -
- yirkoon.
Sweet -
- kupa barri, i.e.,
Skin -
- nookal.
honey-like.
Fat -
- thammi.
Food -
- mandtha.
Bowels
,
Hungry
- koopira.
Excrement -
- goona.
Thirsty
- kamootchi.
War-spear -
- kandai.
Eat -
- ukanoo.
Reed-spear -
_
Sleep -
- oongar.
Throwing-stick
- meeroo.
Drink -
Walk -
- wakararroo.
Shield • -
- mulka.
See -
- wanthanoo.
Tomahawk -
- toogoon.
Sit -
- ulongoo.
Canoe -
- tandool.
Yesterday -
- karri wadtha.
Sun -
- karri.
i.e., the other sun.
Moon -
- kaaka.
To-day
- errai karri, i.e..
Star -
- boodthoo.
this sun.
Light -
_
To-morrow -
- bogan-bogan,
Dark -
- koora.
bogango.
Cold -
- ithawa.
Where are the andangoo bama ?
Blacks ?
Heat -
-
I don't know
- kangoo umbarra
Day -
-
ngia.
Night - -
- yamba koora, i.e.,
Plenty
- mulea.
camp dark.
Big -
■ oogal.
Fire -
- booyia.
Little -
- pit.
Water
- kamoo.
Dead -
- mai-i-ba.
Smoke
- toonbool.
By-and-by -
- ittakko.itakoora.
Ground
- nanni.
Come on
- oko yanna, i.e.,
Wind -
.
this way walk.
Milk -
- ngammoon.
Rain -
- dyroom.
Eaglehawk -
- kooroodilea.
God ■•
-
WUd turkey
-
Ghosts
- mikkooloo.
Wife -
-
64 THE AUSTRALLAJSr RACE:
No. 151.— PEAK DOWNS DISTEICT, LOGAN
DOWNS STATION.
By Sik Samuel Wilson and T. Mueeay, Sbnior-constablb.
The name of the tribe which inhabits Logan Downs Station
is Yambeena. In connection with its language, two copies
of my Common Vocabularies have been filled up and sent to
me ; one by Sir Samuel Wilson and the other by Senior-
constable T. Murray; but as they are almost identical, only
one of them is inserted. The Senior-constable has also
forwarded replies to some of my questions, of which the
following is the substance.
The Yambeena tribe numbers about 100 persons, several
of whom have reached an advanced age. Before the coming
of the Whites some few of the people had opossum-rugs,
which they only made use of at night ; the rest went naked
day and night. At present those who can obtain clothes
from the Whites wear them. For the purpose of ornamenta-
tion, a mussel-shell is worn on the forehead, suspended from
the hair, and the skin is smeared with a mixture of grease
and charcoal. Spears are thrown by hand without the
assistance of the wommera. Boomerangs of both sorts are
used, and many of their weapons are colored with red ochre
and carved with flints. Kestrictions as to the use of certain
sorts of food are in vogue. The Yambeena do not object to
tell their names. Of their laws of marriage the following
particulars are given.
PEAK DOWNS DISTRICT. 65
The tribe is divided into two primary classes, called
Youngaroo and Wootharoo, wliicli are subdivided as follow :
Youngaroo into males, Koorchella ; females, Koorchel-
lagan; Bunbyoo, males, and Bunhyoogan, females; Wootharoo
into Koobooroo, males, and Koobooragan, females ; and
Woongooga, males, and Woongoogan, females.
The law is that the men of each of these four classes are
restricted in marrying to the females of a particular class,
and that their children bear a specific class-name, in this
way: —
Males. Females. MaJes. Females.
Koorchella marries Koobooragan ; offspring Woongooga, Woongoogan.
Koobooroo ,, Koorchellagan ; „ Bunbyoo, Bunbyoogan.
Bunbyoo ',, Woongoogan; „ Koobooroo, Koobooragan.
Woongooga ,, Bunbyoogan; ,, Koorchella, Koorchellagan.
The marriage laws were very strictly observed. Women
were stolen occasionally from other tribes. A widow
generally carried about for some months the bones of her
deceased husband wrapped in bark, and became the wife of
a brother of the deceased. In this tribe the skin is scarred
and the septum of the nose pierced.
The language of the Tambeena bears a considerable
resemblance to the Kaangooloo Thaa. In the former, as my
correspondent observes, there is but one word to express eat
and drink. Some terms of relationship, such as aunt, uncle,
&c., which will be found amongst the Additional Words, are
interesting.
66
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Additional Words.
Husband
- bul-gin.
High -
- koor-kan.
Wife -
- bir-kod-nerrah.
Short -
- kootoo-kootoo.
Son -
- wool-bur-rah.
Long -
- koor-kun.
Daughter -
- wool-bur-rah-
Deep -
- koom-bah.
nah.
Wet -
- oom-bum.
Bees' nest -
- kub-bah.
Dry -
- boor-gill.
Honey
- kur-moo-nah.
Heavy.
- in-gur-rah.
Uncle -
- culgn-nah.
Light (not heavy) boorm-been.
Aunt -
- bippy.
Which
- and-jen-nah.
Nephew
- too-au-nee.
That -
- oon-nah.
Niece -
- boor-koo-nerrah.
Oh! -
- yaok-ky !
Butcher's knife
- kun-kurree.
A bag -
- woppie.
Pocket knife
- burran.
Lightning -
- ker-min-noo.
Shirt -
- yoon-goo-jane.
To sing
- bunda.
Trousers
- thar-rah-jane.
To pull
- boor-ree-mah.
Hat -
- kutha-jane;
To dance
- wurrah.
Head-band -
- mill -maun.
To jump
- bulkah.
Butterfly -
- booroo booroo.
To listen
- imbah.
Wool
- knittee.
To creep
- murrung.
Raddle
- ban-nee.
To catch
■- murrah.
Pipe-clay -
- tha-koo-lah.
To sew
- bunbah.
Wallaby -
- wyah.
To cry
- parree.
Kangaroo-rat
- birrah-moo.
To kill
- mung-gah.
Wallaroo -
- kau-kool.
To embrace -
- oom-bung-goo.
Mountain -
- ning-oo-lah.
To wrap
- wool-oor.
Carpet snake
- coo-leree.
To fall down
- woor-rum-an- .
Black snake
- kur-moo-nah.
now.
Tree snake ■
- koom-buU-ah.
To dream -
bidg-gerree.
A maiden ■
- kum-bul.
To tie -
- ky-goom-bel-lah
A boy -
- kon-doo.
To dig
- buck-kah.
A flea -
- bindee bindee.
To wash
- koo-jennah.
Flesh -
- tyne-gee-rah.
To follow -
- goo-run-dah
Whirlwind -
- bool-boo-roo-roo.
To turn
- will-ar-rah.
Sweat -
Finger-nail -
- kul-jer-rah
- mitchin.
To chop
To cut
- kool-mul-lah.
- bum-boo.
Lip
Forehead -
Bronzewing
- bee.
- gna-moo.
mumill.
To be angry
To fly -
To run
r kool-lee.-
- boo-rah-rah.
- wauk-kur-rah.
pigeon
Strong
Weak -
- wah-lel-lee.
- boor-oom-bin.
To talk
To laugh -
To stay
- wur-tah.
- yath-tee.
- than-errah.
PEAK DOWNS DISTRICT.
67
Additional Words — continued.
To climb -
- yackah.
To hurry -
- bur-bur-yen-nee.
To swim
- woo-gar-rah.
To go slow -
- ung-ah-yen-nee.
To fight -
- goon-der-rah.
To be afraid
- bung-gyne.
To throw -
- yabbah.
To steal
- goon-dine-jellah.
To want
- bah-ra-rah.
A plain
- burk-kullah.
To give
- win-yee.
A bog -
- boom-gnah.
To take
- cunthee.
A scrub
- moon-gurah.
To carry-
- cund-^rTrah.
To sneeze -
- din-doo-rah.
To lift
- yack-ah-rim-bah.
Iguana
- thuck-ine.
To rise
- yack-kung-ah.
Native bear
- wol-mul.
To lie down
- woo-nah.
Widow
- thnlk-kan.
To call
- knnk-kul.
Widower -
- koog-goo-nerrah.
68
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 151.— PEAK DOWNS DISTRICT, LOGAN DOWNS STATION.
By Sir Samuel Wilson.
Kangaroo
- woora.
Hand -
muUa.
Opossum
koolijo.
2 Blacks -
pama boolaroo.
Tame dog -
wanday.
3 Blacks -
pama kurqnia.
Wild dog -
marrara, mowara
One -
woorba.
Emu -
goondooloo.
Two -
boolaroo.
Black duck -
- barran, cooberry
Three -
kurquin.
Wood duck
ngootoo-ngootoo.
Four -
koongoo.
Pelican
kamoonberril.
Father
yabboo.
Laughing jackass
kakooburra.
Mother
younganerra,
Native companior
I karroola.
younga. '
White cockatoo
tingarry.
Sister-Elder
woongoobaya.
Crow -
wathagan.
„ Younger
meeoumma.
Swan -
Brother-Elder ■
kathanerra,
Egg - -
koomurra.
".
wichamulli.
Track of a foot -
yelka.
„ Younger
wooboonerra,
Fish -
weena.
murkurra.
Lobster
A young man
nunga.
Crayfish -
An old man
boonwa.
Mosquito -
kooaroo.
An old woman
boonwan.
Fly ■
ngulgnaum.
A baby
yalloo.
Snake -
euree.
A White man
- meekooloo.
The Blacks -
ungul.
Children -
• koondoonburra
A Blaokfellow -
murri, pama.
Head -
- kutha.
A Black woman -
kiyoo.
Eye -
dilly.
Nose -
wootha.
Ear -
walloo,
PEAK DOWNS DISTRICT.
69
No. 151.— Peak Downs Distbict,
LoaAN Downs Station — continued.
Mouth
- tunga.
Boomerang -
- waunguUa.
Teeth -
- guUa, yeera.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heac
- yayle.
Wood -
-
Beard -
- unga.
Stone -
.
Thunder -
- mookkurree.
Camp -
- yamba.
Grass
-
Yes -
- yaow, yo-yo.
Tongue
- talline.
No -
- kurra.
Stomach
- ngalkoo, ba-na.
I
- ngia.
Breasts
- ngamoora.
You -
- nginda.
Thigh -
- thurra.
Bark -
- kooka.
Foot -
- dinna.
Good -
- binbee, boon-
Bone -
- bulbuna.
goona.
Blood -
- gooma.
Bad - -
- queeya.
Skin -
- uoorakul.
Sweet -
-
Fat -
- taumee.
Food (vegetable) - mundtha.
Bowels
- baunboo.
,, (animal)
- yuree.
Excrement -
War-spear -
- goona.
- kunda.
Hungry
Thirsty
- kobinoo.
- boorbunjerra,
boogie.
Reed-spear -
-
Eat -
- youkunna.
Wommera or
Sleep -
- woongara.
throwing-stick
Drink -
- youkunna.
Shield • -
- koolmurri.
Walk -
- tooa, unga ennie
Tomahawk -
- bulgoo.
See -
•• nukkuUa.
Canoe -
-
Sit -
- kamboora.
Sun -
- karrie.
Yesterday -
- karrie bootho.
Moon -
- kuckurra.
To-day
- yedgeela.
Star -
- butthoo.
To-morrow -
- birggow.
Light -
- bundurra.
Where are
the
Dark -
- meetta.
Blacks?
Cold -
• boodtherrie.
I don't know
.
Heat -
- wungerra, aree.
Plenty
.
Day -
- karrie-yamba.
Big - -
- tulkiyoo.
Night -
- oogoona.
Little -
- budjerry.
Fire -
- boorie.
Dead -
- myeaba.
Water
- kamoo.
By-and-by -
- neewooUa.
Smoke
- tooka.
Come on
- kauwoo.
Ground
- wahkoo.
Milk -
- ngammoon.
Wind-
- towera.
Eaglehawk -
-
Rain -
- kamoo.
Wild turkey
- wurka.
God -
-
Wife -
cowan-nerra,
Ghosts
_
birkoo-nerra.
70
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 152.— ALICE RIVER.
By John Aheen,
This vocabulary is akin to those of the Upper Thomson, Upper
Diamantina, &c.
Kangaroo -
majumba.
Hand -
murra.
Opossum
tangoor.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
moora.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
One •-
wougara.
Emu -
koolburra.
Two -
booladie.
Black duck -
yalla murra.
Three -
koorbaddie, oour
Wood duck-
malla boonga.
baladie.
Pelican
tarra.
Four -
bopladie-boo-
Laughing jackass
ladie.
Native companion toogoonoo.
Father
■ yaboo.
White cockatoo -
teekaree.
Mother
yuna
Crow -
worgan.
Sister-Elder
■ kommie.
Swan -
, , Younger
Egg - - .
tandoo.
Brother-Elder
taagunya.
Track of a foot -
„ Younge
r
Fish - - ■
narbunnee.
A young man
■ cowalaa.
Lobster
boligar.
Crayfish
An old man
■ mogaree.
Mosquito -
boonyee.
An old woman
■ mogaree.
Fly .
A baby
- cand09.
Snake -
cabbool.
A White man
■ coyn.
The Blacks -
cubbee-cubbee.
Children
A Blackfellow -
Head -
- ulkey.
A Black woman -
kumbee.
Eye -
- tillee.
Nose -
ningo.
Ear -
- munger.
ALICE
RIVER,
No. 152. — Alice River — continued.
Mouth
- towa.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- pirra.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- kuttar.
Wood -
. toola.
Beard -
- unga.
Stone -
- banko.
Thunder
- baringa.
Camp -
- yamber.
Grass -
- yaako.
Yes -
- wathee.
Tongue
-
No -
- kurra.
Stomach
Breasts
- goonar.
- poorqua.
I
You -
- ngia.
- Inda.
Thigh -
- pular.
Bark -
Foot -
- teena.
Good -
- mickan.
Bone -
- yaroona.
Blood -
- kooma.
Bad -
- angaburre
Skin -
- yangoona.
Sweet -
-
Fat -
- tommee.
Food -
- cuppar.
Bowels
- goona.
Hungry
- cubbar.
Excrement -
- goona.
Thirsty
War-spear -
- koolyar.
Eat -
- yooree.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- ookar.
Wonunera or
wonala.
^
Drink -
- youkalgo.
thro wing-stick
Walk -
- waagilgo.
Shield
- toombooroo.
Tomahawk -
- ballune.
See -
- nukalgo.
Canoe -
Sit -
- buhdelgo.
Sun -
- tooru.
Yesterday -
Moon -
- kakara.
To-day
- nilyar.
Star -
- bootoo.
To-morrow -
- burran.
Light -
-
Where are the
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold -
- mittara.
I don't know
_
Heat -
- yakal. •
Plenty
- mooraa.
Day -
- buttal.
Big - -
- bunya.
Night -
- ngoa.
Little -
- kio.
Fire -
- kourree.
Dead -
- goondilla
Water
- kummoo.
Smoke
- hatchoo.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- yamber.
Come on
- oakoo.
Wind -
- yerga.
MUk -
Rain -
- moogabaa.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
71
72 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE i
No. 153.— THE BAECOO EIVER, FORTY MILES
WEST OF BLAOKALL.
By John Aherjt, Esq.
The following account of the Yangeeberra tribe and vocab-
ulary of their language were forwarded to me by Mr. John
Ahern.
The country of this tribe is on the western border of the
Eastern Division. Circumcision and the terrible rite —
characteristics of the Central Division — are not practised in
it. Several words, as the termination of the tribal name,
tami = fat, dgurdid = cockatoo, younga = mother,
inda = you, show that this tribe belongs to the Eastern
Division. On the Diamantina River (No. 140) we find
orra = 2, and oro on the Western River, and in the language
of the Yangeeberra our 3. The occurrence of this word
is proof enough that this trib« came from the North, as
would naturally be expected from an examination of the map
and a consideration of the watercourses in the locality, for
language shows that throughout Australia migration was
governed by the rivers and natural water supply.
In Mr. Ahern's account of this tribe no novelty presents
itself. Their country was occupied by squatters in 1861,
and the original number of the Yangeeberra, which is thought
to have been about 170, is now (1883) reduced to 50 all
told. Many boys have been taken away from the tribe by
THE BAECOO RIVER. 73
stock-owners living in distant places, and been brought np to
look after stock. The Yangeeberra scar themselves on the
breasts, loin, and shoulders; pierce the septum of the nose;
have message-sticks, tomahawks of bluestone, and the usual
arms and utensils.
74
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 153— THE BARCOO RIVER, 40 MILES WEST OP BLACKALL
Bt John Ahebn, Esq.
Kangaroo -
baoord.
Opossum
tangoord.
Tame dog -
oochapeni.
Wild dog -
ombemia.
Emu -
umbaile.
Black duck -
obendia.
Wood duck
geeweela.
Pelican
tarda.
Laughing jackass
oolbarra.
Native companion krteertha.
White cockatoo -
dgurdid.
Crow -
wogana.
Swan -
dundurra.
Egg -
darndu.
Track of a foot -
pooboola.
Fish -
burtabuUoo.
Lobster
Crayfish
oovarroo.
Mosquito -
bunyeal.
Fly -
nioora.
Snake - -
mimda.
The Blacks -
murri.
A Blackf ellow -
leowla.
A Black woman -
ambe.
Nose - - -
nuttoo.
Hand -
- murra.
2 Blacks
-
- murri muta
3 Blacks
-
-
One -
-
- wongara.
Two -
-
- muta.
Three -
-
- our.
Four -
- .
- adava.
Father
-
- ie(ai-i?).
Mother
-
- younga.
Sister-Elder
- wongi.
„ Younger
- our-wonna.
Brother-Elder
: mudji.
*
it
Younger ougunna.
A young
man
-
An old man
- mooi.
An old woman
- utherteria.
A baby
-
- muorcoom.
A White
man
-
Children
-
- onund.
Head -
-
- thungo.
Eye -
- .
- dim.
Ear -
-
- ammga.
THE BARCOO RIVER.
75
No. 153.— The Babcoo Rivbk, 40
Mouth - - thooer.
Teeth - - - dier.
Hair of the head - minga.
Beard . - - unga.
Thunder - - amobareelud.
Grass - - - undoo.
Tongue - - taUna.
Stomach - - oodooa.
Breasts_ - - goorgoo.
Thigh- - - thira.
Foot - - - dinna.
Bone - - - yaroonoo.
Blood - - - oma.
Skin - - - noluUo.
Fat . - - tami.
Bowels - - munda.
Excrement - - thaline.
War-spear - - bara.
Reed-spear - - bar.
Throwing-stick - aramend.
Shield- - - tumberoo.
Tomahawk - - baroo.
Canoe - - - wogara.
Sun - - - thurroo.
Moon - - - aurgunda.
Star - - - bootoo.
Light - - -
Dark - - - wa, mongeend.
Cold - - - moorara.
Heat - - -
Day . . - ouchoorpeni.
Night - - - bonoo.
Fire - - - booree.
Water - - awo.
Smoke . - - thugar.
Ground - - yamba.
Wind - - - yarraka,
Rain - - - amo bundango.
God -
Ghosts - - wonboa.
Miles West of Blackall — continued.
Boomerang - - wongela.
Hill - -
- birree.
Wood -
- boodi.
Stone -
- byar.
Camp -
- yamba.
Yes -
- ee.
No -
- arda.
I
- ngia.
You -
• inda.
Bark -
- mookool.
Good - -
- weem.
Bad -
- banya.
Sweet -
- weem.
Food -
- udi.
Hungry
- wongulla.
Thirsty
- amo.
Eat -
- wono.
Sleep -
- woodnano.
Drink -
- wono.
Walk - - ■
- yarrano.
See -
- yabona.
Sit -
- bendano.
Yesterday -
- matidga.
To-day
- aimba.
To-morrow -
- yeelokkur
Where are the murribuUa
Blacks? wondi?
I don't know - nuirda.
Plenty - - mooral.
Big - - - badbreda.
Little - - - baythana.
Dead - - - undilla.
By-and-by - - parri-perrin.
Come on - - wooa.
Milk - - - namunoo.
Eaglehawk - - urella.
Wild turkey - bungoonya.
Wife - - - womoo.
76
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 154.— BLACKALL— BARCOO RIVER.
By Joseph L. Dudley, Esq., and T. S. Williams, Esq.
The following vocabulary is made up of two imperfect ones, which
agree in many particulars, forwarded to me from the locality and by the
gentlemen named above : —
Kangaroo -
bowra.
Hand - • -
murra.
Opossum -
dungroo.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
moora.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
One -
wongoroo.
Emu -
oolbury.
Two -
wootah.
Black duck -
Wood duck-
hooire.
Three -
hoodperry.
Four -
mathari.
Pelican
mungaran.
Laughing jackass
nookoo.
Father
ana.
Native companion oordatto.
Mother
youngernanoo
White cockatoo
dioordi.
Sister-Elder
■ miarar.
Crow -
- wogana.
, , Younger
Swan -
Brother-Elder
mutchernoo.
Egg -
tandoo.
,, Younger
wooveri.
Track of a foot
deenung.
A young man
Fiah -
biarbarri.
An old man
oteeri.
Lobster
An old woman
oobangi.
Crayfish
aoheroo.
A baby
guomanoo.^
Mosquito -
boonyi.
A White man
weetho.
Fly .-
uugaroo.
Snake -
moondah.
Children -
annia.
The Blacks ■
murri.
Head -
dungoo or
A Blackfellow -
yanja.
yoongoo.
A Black woman -
wongo, annoo.
Eye -
diUi.
Nose -
noota.
Ear -
mungar.
BLACKALL.— BAECOO RIVEK.
77
No. 154. — Blackall — Bakcoo ^iy^b,— continued.
liloutli
- towah.
Boomerang -
- wunguUa.
Teeth -
- teera.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- woolo.
Wood -
- doola.
Beard -
- unga.
Stone -
- barrie.
Thunder
- barringa.
Camp -
- yamba.
Grass -
- woothanoo.
Yes ■
- yea.
Tongue
- dallanger.
No -
- urra.
Stomach
- burte.
I
Breasts
- amina, boorkoo.
You -
_
Thigh- •-
- toia.
Foot -
- denna.
Bark -
- biya.
Bone -
- yarron, balla.
Good -
- weemo.
Blood -
- coma.
Bad -
- undinga.
Skin -
- noomauna.
Sweet -
- abba.
Fat -
- tammi.
Pood -
- unga.
Bowels -
- moorigimda.
Hungry
- abberri.
Excrement -
- oonna.
Thirsty
- boogidung.
War-spear -
- bakar.
Eat .-
- bunginunga.
Reed-spear -
-
Wommera or
Sleep -
- ooa.
throwing-stick
Drink -
- ungunga.
Shield
- doombooroo.
Walk -
- yabbanoo.
Tomahawk -
- barroo.
See -
- nurrunga.
Canoe -
- doombatung.
Sit -
- bindunga.
Sun -
- dooroo.
Yesterday -
- vatucha.
Moon -
- howra.
To-day
- jimba.
Star -
- boothoo.
To-morrow -
- munga.
Light -
- dokkungo.
Where are the inichamurri?
Dark -
- mungari.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- weedurrah.
I don't know
- urra.
Heat -
- werequong.
Day -
_
Plenty
-
Night - -
- howha.
Big - -
- buchana.
Fire -
- boree.
Little -
- aranoo.
Water
- ammoo.
Dead -
- oondilla.
Smoke
_
By-and-by -
- batacher.
Ground
- yamba.
Come on
- yobbanoo.
Wind -
- hurrioa.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- ammoo.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts . -
.
Wife - -
-
78 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE
No. 155.— BARCOO RIVER— TAMBO, MOUNT
ENNISKILLEN, AND RAVENSBOURNE CREEK.
By T. H. Hyde, Esq., H. L. Bell, Esq., James White Powell, Esq.,
L. P. Dalhunty, Esq., and James Cbombib, Esq.
The following vocabularies are specimens of the nearly-
connected dialects of several tribes which dwell on' the
Ravensbonrne Creek, and ou the part of the Barcoo indicated
above, the aboriginal name of w;hich river in this portion of
its course is Mokkardi.
The vocabulary forwarded by Mr Hyde, I am informed
in a letter, was drawn up by an aboriginal trooper of the
Native Mounted Police, born in the locality, who can write
tolerably well. I have also written replies to my list of
questions from the same person.
The handwriting of this Blackfellow is irregular, but,
though only a pencil has been used, for the most part easily
read. The spelling is very faulty, and when an aboriginal
word occurs twice it is not always spelt in the same way.
C when it occurs I have altered to k. The terminal sound
usually rendered by a is written er by the trooper, and the
Italian i, ie. It is noticeable that for eat and drink there is
but one word, and another for spear and wood, both of
which characteristics appear in other parts,
Mr. Hyde says that a great many of the Blacks in his
neighbourhood are employed on the stations in looking after
stock, and work well. Mr. Powell makes the same remark.
Mr. Hyde adds that the Black trooper spends his time
BARCOO RIVER, ETC. 79
reading novels and newspapers, has built himself a little
honse and detached kitchen, has a bed set on posts, and has
become so civiUzed that he has lost the faculty of tracking
and other accomplishments of aboriginal life. Of what this
degenerate savage says, in reply to my questions on manners,
I extract only a small part, as his contribution contains
nothing which has not been already often told.
The name of his tribe is Torraburri, which in 1862 or
thereabouts, when the Whites first settled in the neighbour-
hood, numbered, it is thought, some 700 persons, but is now
reduced to 60 men, 50 women, 14 boys, and 12 girls, or 136
persons. A few of his tribe, the trooper thinks, lived to be
ninety, and one of that age still survives. After giving the
usual information connected with weapons, utensils, and
ornaments, my informant goes on to say that small-pox,
called Weeteen* existed in his tribe before he was born, and
that four or five persons, all about fifty years of age, bear
the marks of it at the present time. Polygamy prevails in
the tribe. Marriage is both exogamous and endogamons,
and from what my informant says (who evidently does not
comprehend some of my questions, seeming to understand
by tribes what I mean by classes) I gather that class-
marriage prevails. Neither circumcision nor the terrible
rite are known to the Torraburri tribe, who, however, scar
the back and shoulders, and pierce the septum of the nose.
No marriage ceremonies exist. The dead (males) are buried
for a time, then disinterred and their bones carried about in
bark coffins for six months, and then finally reburied. As
regards message-sticks, my informant replies to my question
in these words, " Cut a stick and tell him (the bearer) what
he got to say to another." Many of the men of _ this tribe
are six feet high and upwards. The trooper calls the tribes
which adjoin his own — Koparburri, Peepinburri, and Onderle-
burri. Freemasonry is unknown.
* It will be noticed that there is no likeness between the various equiva-
lents of small-pox, which supports the hypothesis that Australia was fully
peopled prior to its introduction, and that this was of late date.
80
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 155.— BARCOO RI7ER.
Bt T. H. Hyde, Esq.
Kangaroo -
narka.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
tangoor.
2 Blacks -
- murrie boolaroo.
Tame dog -
karirer wangal.
3 Blacks -
- murrie boolaroo
Wild dog -
karirer kabin.
wangier.
Emu -
kolbey.
One -
- wangier.
Black duck -
kobery marer.
Two -
- boolaroo.
Wood duck-
manaan.
Three -
- boolaroo wangier
Pelican
winner youerilly.
Four -
- boolaroo boolaroo
Laughing jackass
kakoburry.
Native companion
none.
Father
- yarboo.
White cockatoo -
teaerburry.
Mother
- younger.
Crow -
woterkan.
Sister-Elder
- buya tiller.
Swan - - -
yourie.
,, Younger
- waboogan.
Egg - - ■
kubaon.
Brother-Elder
- turgoon tiller.
Track of a foot -
teener.
,, Younger waboo.
Fish - - -
winner.
A young man
- kourla.
Lobster
bookUl.
An old man
- watering.
Crayfish
koarow.
An old woman
- poodgan.
Mosquito -
ellpin.
A baby
- kantoo.
Fly -
Snake - - -
nemara.
monda.
A White man
- weeto.
The Blacks -
murrie.
Children -
- kantoonoo.
A Blaokfellow -
murrie.
Head -
- togoo.
A Black woman
kumbi.
Eye -
- teeley.
Nose -
kao.
Ear - -
- manger.
BARCOO RIVER, ETC.
81
No. 155.— Babcoo Riveb— cowiOTMeti
Mouth
- tarr.
Boomerang -
wongnell.
Teeth -
- teer.
HUl -
Hair of the head
- woorow.
Wood -
biggar.
Beard -
- yarong.
Stone -
pageao.
Thunder -
- teegroo.
Camp -
■ yamber.
Grass ■
- wakoo.
Yes -
yoo.
Tongue
- tarlang.
No -
- kurri.
Stomach
- youillkoo.
I
- ier.
Breasts
- wanker.
You -
- ender.
Thigh -
- pillar.
Bark -
kooker.
Foot -
- tinner.
Good -
megin.
Bone -
- yarrowoon.
Bad - -
- begar.
Blood -
- koomer.
Sweet -
- tarbooy.
Skin -
- nomen.
Food -
woran.
Fat - - •
- -tammy.
Hungry
- guper.
Bowels
- booltang.
Thirsty
- kogeener.
Excrement -
- yoonner.
Eat -
yookoUoo.
War-spear -
- baggar.
Sleep -
wangerkoo.
Reed-spear -
- weleyburry.
Drink -
yookoUoo.
Throwing-stick
- kottkoo, betoo.
Walk -
wotkillkoo.
Shield -
Tomahawk -
- boorkoo.
- purow.
See -
Sit- -
nugiby.
binder.
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
- weeter.
- tarow.
- kagerer.
- dundoo.
- elierow.
■ kangder.
- magder.
Yesterday -
To-day '-
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
kaboorow.
gadrow.
begdigoo.
murri nuntder ?
kurri ebelU.
Heat -
garrymully.
Plenty
talkay.
Day -
- gadrow.
Big - -
muUer muUer.
Night - -
- balkeron.
Little -
errow.
Fire -
Water
Smoke .
ft-rnnnH
- burri.
kammoo.
- toker.
Dead -
By-and-by -
Come on
odelow.
y aukko munderly
KXL U LLllU
Wind -
Rain ■
God -
- yerker.
kammoo warber.
■ bogu.
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
. Wild turkey
kammoon.
kotelow.
baanguke.
Ghosts
weta.
Wife - -
■ koererow.
VOL. III.
P
82
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 155.-BARCOO RIVER.
By H. L. Bell, Esq.
In this vocabulary the reader will notice the harmonious manner ia which
the equivalents of 1 and 2 are compounded to mean 3. His attention is
also drawn to the sound araoo in the equivalents of breasts, drink, and water.
In these districts, the White man's principal anxiety is to find grass for his
stock, and the reader may compare the equivalents of White man and grass.
kangaroo -
naragoo.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum -
tungooroo.
2 Blacks -
- murri, booUaroo
Tame dog -
mora.
3 Blacks -
- murri booUaron
Wild dog -
koombinea.
gera.
Emu -
koolbi.
.One -
- wongera.
Black duck -
koobaree.
Two -
- booUaroo.
Wood duck -
munan.
Three -
- booUarongera.
Pelican
kararoo.
Pour -
- boolaroo-booUa-
Laughing jackass-
kakaburra.
roo.
Native companion
Father
- yabbo.
White cockatoo
dikkarri.
Mother
- younga, young-
Crow -
woddon.
arnoo.
Swan -
Siater-Elder
- beanoo.
Egg -
karboin.
,, Younger
-
Track of a foot -
dinna.
Brother-Elder
- tarkanoo.
Pish -
biabree, wiarer.
,, Younger
Lobster
A young man
- nungar.
Crayfish
boogalli.
An old man
- kiara.
Mosquito -
boodoin.
An old woman
- kooderi.
Ply -
- negeroo.
A baby ■ -
- kundoo.
Snake
moonda.
A White man
- widdoo.
The Blacks -
murrenooyo.
Children
- kundanoo.
A Blaokfellow -
murri.
Head -
- tungoo.
A Black woman
kumbi.
Eye -
- dilli.
Nose -
nunderoo.
Ear -
- munger.
BABCOO RIVER, ETC.
83
No. 155. — Babcoo 'River— continued.
Mouth
- da.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- teea.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head- wooroo.
Wood-
- toolgarra.
Beard -
- yarrine.
Stoue -
- bungo.
Thunder -
-
Camp -
.
Grass -
- widdoon.
Yes -
- yoo.
Tongue
- tuUini.
No -
- kartoo.
Stomach
- munda.
I
- yooloo.
Breasts
- amoo.
You -
.
Thigh -
- pillar.
Bark r
- beear.
Foot -
- deena.
Good -
- mikkane.
Bone -
- yarroon.
Bad -
- iudabooia.
Blood -
- kooma.
Skin - . -
- nooman.
Sweet -
-
Fat -
- tommi.
Food -
- ngulgo.
Bowels
- bundoo.
Hungry
- kobarree.
Excrement -
- gooma.
Thirsty
- ikomeobla.
War-spear -
- bukka.
Eat -
- yoordoo.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- oongaue.
Wommera or
meeroo.
Drink -
- kamogallo.
throwing-stlck
Walk -
- wongaridga.
Shield -
- burrayoo.
See -
- ianaguUa.
Tomahawk -
- burroo.
Sit -
- binda.
Canoe -
- tangin.
Sun -
- taro.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- kogera.
To-day
- wyohal.
Star -
- boodoo.
To-morrow -
- bedgi.
Light -
- yambatiUi.
Where are the murri indeea !
Dark -
- koonda.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- medaree.
I don't know
- inde adee.
Heat -
- quinqueean.
Plenty
- mulquarlo.
Day -
- goondagoon.
Big - -
- wigga.
Night - -
- kanalgo.
Little -
- kioo.
Fire -
- booree.
Dead -
- koondilla.
Water
- kammoo.
Smoke
- togaf.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- nundee.
Come on
- koUe.
Wind- -
- yarraya.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- kumbundelong.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
.
Wife -
F 2
84
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 155,— RAVENSBOURNE CREEK— MOKABURRA TRIBE—
TARAWALLA DIALECT.
By James White Powell, Esq.
In this vocabulary the reader may compare spear and wood, tat and
drink, sun and day.
Kangaroo -
- narko.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum -
- tangool.
2 Blacks -
,
Tame dog -
- mora.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
-
Emu -
- koolberra.
One -
- wongera.
Black duck -
-
Two -
- boolaroo,
Wood duck-
-
Three -
- boolaunga
Pelican
- miarwa.
Four -
- nalira.
Laughing jackass kargooburra.
Father
- yarboon.
Native companion kooroora.
White cockatoo - diggari.
Mother
- yungara.
Crow
- wawder.
Sister-Elder
- pina.
Swan
-
,, Younger
-
Egg
- kobboo.
Brother-Elder
- targanoo.
Track of a foot
- tina.
,, Younger
Pish -_ -
- piaberri.
Lobster
A young man
- nangoo.
Crayfish
- boogarli, quar-
An old man
- anger.
roo.
An old woman
- gycher.
Mosquito -
- boothun.
A baby
- kandoo.
Fly -
- nimmoon.
A White man
- withoo.
Snake -
- kobbool.
Children
- kandoo.
The Blacks -
- malkalloo.
A Blackfellow
Head -
- tungoo.
A Black woman
- kampe.
Eye -
- dilli.
Nose -
- ko.
Ear -
- mungar.
RAVENSBOURNE CREEK.
85
No.
155. — RAVENSBOURNE Cbeek — Confirmed.
Mouth -
moonoo.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
teer.
Hill -
Hair of the head
wooroon.
Wood -
- barga.
Beard -
nangur.
Stone -
- woothun (?).
Thunder
dindoo.
Camp -
- yamba.
Grass -
woothun.
Yes -
- indindi.
Tongue
tallyne.
No
- kurra.
Stomach
Breasts
■ nammoon.
I
- iya.
You -
- inda.
Thigh -
- bulla (?).
Foot -
- tina.
Bark -
- beer.
Bone -
- yarroon.
Good -
- mekinni.
Blood -
- kooma.
Bad - -
- banya.
Skin -
- numen.
Sweet -
- jaer.
Fat -
- tamme.
Pood -
- inde.
Bowels
- goonna.
Hungry
- kobbarde.
Excrement -
- goonna.
Thirsty
- monargallelen.
War-spear -
- barga.
Eat -
- ukalgo.
Reed-apear -
Sleep -
- onga.
Throwing-stick
- mora.
Drink -
- ukalgo.
Shield -
- bulgoo.
Tomahawk -
- baroo.
Walk -
- wyjalgo.
Canoe -
See -
nekalgo.
Sun -
- toro.
Sit , -
- bindalgo.
Moon -
- koggera.
Yesterday -
- iMoleroo.
■ Star -
- boothoo, tandoo.
To-day
- naler.
Light -
To-morrow -
- kunderoo.
Dark -
- karrangalla.
Where are the
indu bendang
Cold -
- yakkal.
Blacks ?
malkalloo ?
Heat -
- boine.
I don't know
- kurra nidula.
Day -
- toro.
Plenty
- mulkerloo.
Night -
Big -
- muUa-muUa.
Fire -
- boree.
Little -
- kooger.
Water -
- kamo.
Dead -
- kongella.
Smoke -
- toongin.
By-and-by -
- kygarroo.
Ground
- nante.
Come on
- wooger, wyger
Wind -
- yorka.
Milk -
Rain -
- kamo.
Eaglehawk -
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife
86
THE AUSTRALIAN EACK :
No. 155.— TAMBO.
Bt L. r. Dalhuntt,
Kangaroo -
nargoo.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum -
dongeroo.
2 Blacks -
murri bulleroo
Tame dog -
3 Blacks -
- mulli bulleroo
Wild dog -
goombina.
wongera.
Emu -
koolby.
One ■ -
■ wongera.
Black duck -
Two -
- bulleroo.
Wood duck-
Pelican
murraboon.
derrarooroo.
Three -
- bulleroo won-
gera.
- karkooroo.
Laughing jackass
kargooburra.
Four - ■ -
Native companion kooro.
Father
- yakkoeela.
- youngereela.
- murrangeela.
White cockatoo
Crow -
Swan -
tikkarri.
wardergun.
Mother
Sister-Elder
Egg -
kobin.
„ Younger
Track of a foot
dennerboola.
Brother-Elder
- targoougeela.
Fish -
weena.
„ Younger
Lobster
A young man
- nunger.
Crayfish
kandera.
An old man
- kooba.
Mosquito -
hooding.
An old woman
- boonargun.
Fly -
neemeroo.
A baby
- kamdoo.
Snake -
kokoolo.
A White man
- womboo.
The Blacks -
murrimulgoo.
Children -
- karndonoo.
A Blackfellow
murri..
Head -
- doongoo.
A Black woman
kumby.
Eye -
- dim.
Nose -
noondooroo.
Ear -
- munga.
TAMBO.
8
No. 155. — Tambo — continued.
Mouth
- moonoo.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- deeya.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head wooroo.
Wood (or tree)
- warker, pagger
Beard -
- yaring.
Stone -
- bungoo.
Thunder -
- moongoo.
Camp -
- yamber.
Grass -
- woodthon.
Yes -
- wi.
Tongue
- tarding.
No -
- karra.
Stomach
- pontoo.
I
- iya.
Breasts
- nammoona.
You -
- inda..
Thigh
- daria.
Bark - -
- beya.
Foot -
- dinna.
Good -
- meginee.
Bone -
- yarroon.
Bad - -
- bunya.
Blood -
- kooma.
Sweet -
- garber.
Skin -
- noomun.
Food -■ -
- euri.
Fat -
- tommi.
Hungry
- karberri.
Bowels
Excrement -
- goonna.
Thirsty
Eat -
- boongerroo.
- euri.
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Wommera -
Shield
Tomahawk -
Canoe
Sun -
- pugger.
- (none).
- (none).
- boorgoo.
- baroo.
- yooroo.
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk -
See -
Sit ■• -
Yesterday -
- woga.
- komo, ngulgo.
- woodgealgo.
- nugalgo.
- binda.
- konberroo.
Moon -
- kokkera.
To-day
- kargega.
Star -
- boodtha.
To-morrow -
- bidgigo
Light -
- bombi.
Where are the murri indea 1
Dark -
Cold - -
Heat -
Day - -
Night
Fire -
Water
Smoke
- gonda.'
- medurra.
- dingun.
- bombi.
- gonda.
- boori.
- komo.
- dooger.
Blacks?
I don't know
Plenty
Big - -
Little -
Dead -
By-and-by
- dongodi.
- telgi.
- kya.
- goondella.
- kurando.
Ground
- nundee.
Come on -
- koole, ow-wo.
Wind -
Rain -
- yarega.
- komo.
Milk -
Eaglehawk
_
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
88
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 155.— MOUNT ENNISKILLEN.
By James Cbombie, Esq.
In this vocabulary we find the termination hurri in the equivalents of
three and hig. Also amoqnoo and amoo, signifying breasts, water, rain,
and drinJc.
Kangaroo -
naralkoo.
Opossum
Tame dog -
oongeroo.
moora.
Wild dog -
oombina.
Emu -
oorai.
Black duck
oora.
Wood duck
oobuddi.
Pelican
durra.
Laughing jackass
Native companion moorooella.
White cockatoo - diggari.
Crow -
Swan -
waugan.
Egg -
Track of a foot -
parroo.
Pish -
akroo.
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly -
Snake -
bothing.
newra.
moonda.
The Blacks -
murri.
A Blackfellow
murri.
A Black woman
Nose -
woota.
Hand -
murra.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
wonga.
Two -
woodtha.
Three -
woodburri.
Four -
ngithera.
Father
jena.
Mother
yunga.
Sister-Elder
yuggoo.
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
yuggoon.
,, Youngei
A young man
- koola.
An old man
oo-oo-gin-a.
An old woman
- mungini oorilli
A baby
A White man
widtha.
Children -
Head -
- yelli.
Eye -
■ dilli.
Ear ■
- muuga.
MOUNT BNNISKILLBN.
N
0. 155.— Mount Enniskillen— co»«inM«(i.
Mouth
bakka.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
thea.
Hill -
Hair of the head
wooroo.
Wood -
- doola, baa.
Beard •
yarrang.
Stone -
- unga.
Thunder
moongo.
Camp -
- titheringalli.
Grass -
oonoo.
Tongue
Yes -
No
• yea.
- alia.
Stomach
- oorina.
Breasts
• amoonoo.
I
Thigh -
■ boomurra.
You -
Foot -
- deeua.
Bark -
- beia.
Bone -
- yamoon.
Good -
- boodi.
Blood -
- ooma.
Bad -
- indawannia (?)
Skin -
- binda.
Sweet -
Fat -
- tommi.
Food -
- nanoo.
Bowels
Hungry
- awirrindilla.
Excrement -
Thirsty
War-spear -
- bugra.
Eat -
- daka.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- ooa.
Wommera or
metoo.
throwing-stick
Drink -
- amoo.
Shield -
- toombarroo.
Walk -
Tomahawk -
- baoo.
See -
- nangannoo.
Canoe -
- oorun.
Sit -
- bindanna.
Sun -
- doonoo.
Yesterday -
Moon -
- aurra.
To-day
- jambuginni.
Star -
- boodthoo.
To-morrow -
- yellukka.
Light -
Where are the
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold -
- moori.
I don't know
.
Heat -
Day -
- dinganna.
- oonoola.
Plenty
- ungilla.
Night -
- ooa.
Big -
- padberra.
Fire -
- boori.
Little -
- adyeri.
Water -
- amoo.
Dead -
- audinga.
Smoke
- dooau.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- yamba.
Come on
- awae.
Wind -
- yarga. ,
Milk -
-
Rain -
- amoo.
Eaglehawk -
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife - - .
90 THE AUSTEALIAN RACE:
No. 156.— NOGOA RIVER. "
By Thomas Middleton, Esq., and E. Ikvino Noble, Esq.
I HAVE received vocabularies of the dialects of two tribes
which dwell on the Nogoa River. The first is from Mr. T.
Middleton, and is accompanied by an account of the tribe
which use the language, and the second from Mr. E. I.
Noble, who does not state the particular part of the river
from which he obtained his words. It is clear, however, that
the two languages are nearly related.
The name of the tribe concerning which Mr. Middleton
writes is Bimurraburra. Their country lies twenty-five miles
north of Springsure, and was first occupied as a station in
1861. The people of this tribe wear a fringe, which hangs
from a girdle round the waist, and some of them have-
opossum-rugs, which they use at night. For ornaments,
they have necklaces of shells and. others of eagles' claws ;
also a canoe-shaped shell brought from the coast, which is
worn suspended- from the hair above the forehead, or from
the neck. The wommera is not used by this tribe, otherwise
their weapous and belongings are those commonly met with.
They have the boomerang, but are not very skilful in its use.
Amongst their articles of food are the bulbs of the lily and
the seeds of a grass called jaboola, which are reduced to
flour by pounding between two stones, and afterwards kneaded
with water and baked on the ashes in the same way as a
damper. They also use the common ground oven in cooking,
but no large accumulations of ashes are found in their
country as in the South, where the Blacks very constantly
NOGOA RIVER. 91
camp and cook at fixed places. Certain restrictions respecting
the use of food exist. Old people, for instance, are the only-
persons allowed to eat the flesh of the emu. Other articles
of food are forbidden to a man whose brother has recently-
died, but this custom does not extend to sisters. A father,
on the death of a child, male or female, abstains from eating
iguanas, opossums, and snakes, of the male sex, but nothing
. of the kind occurs on the death of a wife. This prohibition
of animals of a particular sex as food is widely prevalent in
Australia.
Nothing is kno-wn by this tribe of small-pox. They do
not object to tell their names, of which the folio-wing speci-
mens are given: — Males: Bangoonbingi, Nandooringi, Tana-
rilla. Females: Yandao, Marleo, Moomoyo, Jarranbilli, and
Moolabullungo. Class-marriage exists in the tribe under the
same arrangement as at Port Mackay, as follows : —
Males. Females. ' Children.
■Wungo marriea Bambi - - Korgilla.
Bambi „ Wungoon - - Koboror.
Korgilla „ Koboron - - -Wungo.
Korborou ,, Korgilla - - Bambi.
Mr-. Middleton also mentions a second set of class-names,
which, I presume, belong to some neighbouring tribe, as
follows : — Nullum, Yoolgo, Bungumburra, and Teilling.
This tribe scar the shoulders, chest, and back. Circum-
cision and the terrible rite are unknown. They say that
the dead go, after some time, to the Milky Way. When
burying a man his big toes are tied together, and also his
knees. My informant remarks that this tribe have as
totems the opossum, scrub turkey, dog, emu, kangaroo,
eaglehawk, and native bee, but does not state to what they
have reference. He further remarks that the following signs
are used. Puffing out the cheeks indicates the absence of
water; placing the fist on the forehead, the presence of. a
wallaroo ; stroking the face with open fingers, a kangaroo ;
and the arm held up and hand bent down, an emu.
92
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Mr. Noble forwards the fol
owing Additio
nal Words : —
Ant -
- nimi.
Husband -
- ungaila.
Angry
- baubobi.
Hut -
- oka.
Ashes -
- ongoit.
Knee -
- moko.
Bird -
- mangoola.
Leaf -
- ptala.
Cheek -
- dtgala.
Neck -
- urga.
Chin -
- augong.
Club -
- miru.
To weep
- badewailong.
Nostril
- nongol.
Creek -
- bulbur.
Navel -
- yepi-
Child-birth -
- andorillong.
Opossum-rug
- ori.
Clouda
- tyun.
Shoulder -
- wongola.
Eyebrow
- dtenbin.
Sand -
- nandgki
Eyelash
- angola.
Saliva -
- numba.
Feather
- pbagomundella.
Swim -
- wa-i-ong.
Finger
- mardu.
Sky -
- ianduru.
Gum -
- uda.
Bring some water ammoo, yardi.
Honey
- aba.
The fire is out
- burdi maila.
No. 156.— NOGOA RIVER.
By Thomas M
[DDLETON, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- nurkoo.
Hand -
- marra.
Opossum -
- tangoor.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
- ngoora.
3 Blacks -
-
Wild dog •
- goombeno.
One -
- wungara.
Emu -
- gondaloo.
Two -
- boolaroo.
Black duek -
- maraboon.
Three -
- boolaroo-
Wood duck
- boorgoon.
wungara.
Pelican
- kongoo-gurn.
Four -
- boolaroo-boolaroo
Laughing jackass kakooburra.
Father
- yabboo.
Native companion koar-roor.
Mother
- younga.
White cockatoo
- tikardi.
Sister-Elder
- wijim-byee.
Crow -
- wodthun.
,, Younger
- warbimmera,
Swan -
• yalbatboroo.
kargeem.
Egg - -
Track of a foot
- goomera.
- deena.
Brother-Elder - weger-tarquin.
,, Younger karoo-murgurra.
Fish -
- weena.
A young man
- kowoola.
Lobster
An old man
- wodduring,
Crayfish -
•■ komdar.
An old woman
boongner.
- wodduring,
Mosquito -
- boothing.
boongau.
Fly -
- nemarroo.
A baby
- kandoo.
Snake (brown)
- moouda.
A White man
- mikkaloo.
The Blacks -
- malgarloo.
Children
- kandooring.
A Blackfellow
- mardi.
Head -
- kartha.
A Black woman
- mia-a-ara.
Eye -
- dim.
Nose -
- woodtha.
Ear -
- manga.
NOGOA RIVER.
93
No. 156.— NoGOA RTVEn—contimied.
Mouth
- moonoo.
Boomerang -
wongul.
Teeth -
- e-eer-a.
HUl - - -
pango.
Hair of the head
- wooroo.
Wood -
barka.
Beard -
- yarring.
Stone -
pardi, pomgo.
Thunder -
- moongwer.
Camp -
yambago.
Grass -
- waggoo.
Yes -
yoe.
Tongue
- tateing.
No -
kara.
Stomach -
- panho.
I
ia.
Breasts
- ngammoon.
You - -
Lnda,
Thigh -
- tara.
Bark -
koka.
Foot -
- deena.
Good -
binbi.
Bone -
- ■yarroon.
Bad -
bineyer.
Blood -
- gooma.
Sweet -
- kauga.
Skin -
- niewman.
Food -
- aming.
Fat -
- tarmi.
Hungry
- karjeno.
Bowels
- kalkine.
Thirsty
- boomul.
Excrement -
- goonna.
Eat -
- yoo-gomna.
War-spear -
- nerimo.
Sleep -
- wunger.
Reed-spear -
- meeraing.
Drink -
- yoo-gulga.
Throwing-stick
- (none).
Walk- .-
- yeningga.
Shield-
- borkoo.
See -
• nakkuUa.
Tomahawk -
- paru.
■ Sit -
- binda.
Canoe -
- weanda.
Sun -
- duroo.
Yesterday -
gumboiniger.
Moon -
- karkadda.
To-day
- yongarunga.
To-morrow -
- bierkow.
Star -
- boodthoo.
Light -
- meedtha.
Where are the
mardi unthalgo ?
Dark -
- ngorkoon.
Blacks?
Cold -
- boodthari.
I don't know
- ia kara nakkuUa
Heat -
- kooran.
Plenty
- yangier.
Day -
- doorunga.
Big -
- talgai.
Night -
- ngorkoon.
Little -
- badgeeree.
Fure -
- bore.
Dead -
- myeela.
Water
- kamoo.
By-and-by -
- boogaroo.
Smoke
- chuga.
Come on
- tanja-e-nee.
Ground
- nanee.
Milk -
- ngammoon.
Wind-
Rain -
- gowera.
- kamoo.
Baglehawk -
- koradella.
God -
-
Wild turkey
- wirka.
Ghosts
- woobin.
Wife -
- biergoonera.
94
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No, 156.— NOGOA RIVER.
By E. Irving Noble, Esq.
It will be noticed that hill and stone are expressed by one word in this
vocabulary.
Kangaroo -
argoo.
Hand -
Opossum
taugni.
2 Blao'ks -
Tame dog -
urra.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck
umbayno.
ulbai.
One -
Two -
Three -
wongara.
bularu,
omu.
Pelican
Four -
nga,TiiTion
Laughing jackass
Father
Native coinpanioE
Mother
White cockatoo
Siater-Elder
Crow -
Swan -
Egg -
Track of a foot ■
abul.
■ „ Younger -
Brother-Elder -
„ Younger
Fish -
yedi.
A young man
Lobster
An old man
Crayfish
An old woman -
Mosquito -
yeri-gheri.
A baby
Ply -
Snake -
The Blacks -
nimula.
abul, bumba.
A White man
Children
A Blackf ellow -
Head -
A Black woman ■
amln.
Eye -
dili.
Nose -
nundurra.
Ear -
manga.
NOGOA RIVER.
95
No. 156.— NoGOA
River — continued
Mouth
- numu or munu(?)
Boomerang -
- waugul.
■Teeth -
- drir.
Hill «
- bangu.
Hair of the head
- whir.
Wood -
- baka.
Beard -
Thunder -
-
Stone -
- bangu.
Grass -
- waku.
Camp -
- yamboyna.
Tongue
- dtalai.
Yes
-
Stomach
- banbu.
No- -
-
Breasts
- amun.
I
-
Thigh -
You -
-
Foot -
- dinna.
Bark -
- oka.
Bone -
- yaru.
Good - - .
- mai.
Blood -
- uma.
Bad -
- tambalai.
Skin -
- numana.
Sweet -
Fat -
.
Food -
_
Bowels
Excrement -
_
Hungry
-
War-spear -
- parulau.
Thirsty
-
Reed-spear -
-
Eat -
- bibi.
Wonunera or
Sleep
- ongounong
thro wing-stick
Drink
- along.
Shield- -
.
Walk
- munaoion.
Tomahawk -
- paru.
See -
-
Canoe -
Sit -
_
Sun -
dura.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
-
To-day
_
Star -
- duru.
To-morrow -
Light -
_
Dark -
Where are the
Blacks'
Cold -
- midiirra.
JL^A.l^\/A^.tJ m
Heat -
- waru.
I don't know
-
Day -
Plenty
-
Night - -
- tindarilla.
Big -
- djalma.
Fire -
- burdi.
Little -
- maigaru.
Water
- amu.
Dead -
- mailong.
.Smoke
- burdibirlook.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- yamba.
Come on
-
Wind-
Milk -
-
Rain -
- amarina.
Eaglehawk -
-•
'God -
WUd turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 157.— HEAD OF THE COMET EIVEE.
By Thomas Josephson, Esq.
The following vocabulary and account of the Kanoloo tribe
were kindly forwarded to me by Mr. Thomas Josephson.
The territory of this tribe is on the head of the Comet
Eiver, and was occupied by the Whites, my informant thinks,
in about 1860. At that date it is believed the tribe num-
bered about five hundred persons ; that in 1869, when Mr.
Josephson first resided in their country, it had been reduced
to three hundred, and in April, 1879, the date of that
gentleman's communication to me, to two hundred souls.
The causes of the decrease are stated to have been the
results of venereal introduced by the Whites, consumption,
and a general resort to the practice of infanticide. Opos-
sum-rugs are worn by this tribe, who smear themselves
from head to foot with grease and red ochre on occasions'
of corroboree ; the face is daubed with pipe-clay and the
body with charcoal when in mourning. They have buckets
made from the kurrajong-tree ; baskets, nets, and belts made
of grass-fibre ; and, originally, tomahawks of porphyry
HEAD OF THE COMET RIVER. 97
and trap rock, ground to an edge with sandstone. They
have also toy and war boomerangs, shields which are carved
and colored red, and spears which are thrown by hand.
The members of this tribe decline to eat pork, as I have
known the Bangerang tribes to do in the neighbourhood of
Echuca. This is very curious in tribes so far apart, which
hardly reject anything edible. I never learnt the reason
of it. Of course pigs were unknown in Australia until we
brought them here.
Men only are allowed to eat the flesh and eggs of the
emu, and on certain hunting expeditions only a particular
sort of food is allowed. In the territory of this tribe there
is a*cave fall of the bones of Blacks, who are said by
Mr. Josephson's informant, Kamungela, to have died about
forty years back of some disease of the nose. Some of the
tribe, however, have a few marks which it is thought might
be the result of small-pox.* Cannibalism seems to have
prevailed to some extent. These people have no objection
to tell their names, of which Mr. Josephson gives the
following: — Males: Kamungela, Embalateloo. Females:
Tinumburra and Wooloomungunya. Children: Wagooroo
and Koolaroo. Marriages take place both within and
without the tribe. Polygamy prevails, and girls have
husbands at twelve, and become mothers at thirteen years
of age, or thereabouts. Ornamental scars are made on the
shoulders and thighs. Circumcision and the terrible rite
are unknown. Teeth are knocked out, and the septum of the
nose is pierced. Fish are taken with nets and spears. On
the day of a corroboree the performers retire to arrange the
performance in secret. The male youths of eighteen have
the rights of men conferred on them by means of secret
ceremonies. " Messages," says Mr. Josephson, " are sent
orally, but the messenger is accredited by a notched stick."
* In vocabulary No. 28 the Cheangwa tribe will be found calling small-
pox moolya errillya-rill-ya, or stone (in the) nose; one instance out of many
in which we notice tribes thousands of miles apart taking similar views of
strange things.
VOL. III. Or
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE
No. 157— HEAD OF THE COMET RIVER.
By T. Josbphson, Esq.
In this vocabulary we find the verb to drinh rendered eat water ; that
. breasts, water, rain, and milk are expressed by words derived from the
root amoo ; that there is but one word for wife and woman, and another for
liead and Mil.
Kangaroo -
- bogoldi.
Opossum
- tangor.
Tame dog -
- wondi.
Wild dog -
- kagargi.
Emu -
■• meun.
Black duck
- manam.
Wood duck
- wya-wya.
Pelican
- boloin.
Laughing jackass kokargar.
Native companion gooroor.
White cockatoo
- tegarri.
Crow •
r wyakun.
Swan -
- yallaboroo.
Egg - -
- kaboiu.
Track of a foot
- tennar.
Fish -
- weena.
Lobster
- yegari.
Crayfish
- myngiil.
Mosquito -
- boordooin.
Fly - -
- nemun.
Snake (carpet)
- kabool.
The Blacks -
- maree.
A Blackfellow
- maree.
A. Black woman
- woa.
Nose -
- koo.
Hand -
- mara.
2 Blacks -
-
3 Blacks -
-
One -
- wonga.
Two -
- boolaree.
Three -
- boolare wonga.
Four -
- boolaree boola
ree.
Father
- yaboo.
Mother
- kika.
Sister-Elder
- pyengela.
„ Younger
,- mungagela.
Brother-Elder
- taqungela.
,, Younger babooregela.
A young man
- nanga.
An old man
- wotoori.
An old woman
- munke.
A baby
- nabooloo.
A White man
- koin.
ChUdreu -
- nabooloo.
Head -
- toongoo.
Eye -
- telee.
Ear -
- munsa.
HEAD OF THE COMET RIVER.
99
No.
157. — Head of the
Comet 'RTvmt^contini(ed.
Mouth
- taa.
Boomerang -
- wongal.
Teeth
- eaa.
Hill -
- toongoo.
Hair of the head- toorooin.
Wood -
- pagaa.
Beard -
- yarrein.
Stone -
- pyu.
Thunder -
- boowoindi.
Camp -
- yamba.
Grass -
- kaijul.
Yes -
- yo.
Tongue
- talai.
No -
- kara.
Stolnaoh
- goona.
I
- ya.
Breasts
- amon.
You -
- enda.
Thigh
- koongal.
Bark -
- kooga.
Foot -
- tinna.
Good -
- megeun (?).
Bone -
- magoo.
Bad -
- waeen.
Blood -
- gooma.
Sweet -
-
Skin -
- moomul.
Food -
- gambool.
Fat -
- weetha.
Hungry
- boonga.
Bowels
- beinjul.
Thirsty
- boomal.
Excrement -
- goonna.
Eat -
- thala.
War-spear -
- ngooroo. •
Sleep -
- ooga.
Reed-spear -
- kargun.
Drink -
- kama-thalgo.
Throwing-stick
- baga.
Walk -
- munda.
Shield -
- boorgoo.
See -
- nagalgo.
Tomahawk -
- koobar.
Sit -
.- poinda.
Canoe -
- kooga.
Yesterday -
- mothangana
Sun -
- thorod.
To-day
- neela.
Moon -
- kargara.
Star -
- boothoo.
To-morrow -
- oongai.
Where are the maree inda t
Light -
- ngaa.
Dark -
- koonda.
Blacks ?
dena?
Cold - -
- metha.
I don't know
- kara ranagala
Heat -
- poonbul.
Plenty
- mulga.
Day -
- thooroo.
Big - -
- mulgalo.
Night -
- koonda.
Little -
- kagara.
Fire -
- booree.
Dead -
- WDolunga.
Water
- kamoo.
By-and-by -
- babanathe.
Smoke
- tooga.
Come on -
- woo-ou.
Ground
- nanee.
Milk -
- namoon.
Wind-
Rain -
- ewa.
- kamoo.
Baglehawk -
- goothalla.
God -
- koroo-kooroo.
Wild turkey
- warka.
Ghosts
- kagage.
Wife -
- wooa or woa.
G2
100
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 158.— BROWN RIVER.
By p. J. MuERAY, Esq, Inspectok oe Mounted Police.
The correctness of some of the words of this vocabulary is doubtful.
drink is expressed eat water.
To
Kangaroo -
woora.
Hand -
- maa.
Opossum
goolan.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
ngooda.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck-
undoola.
weena.
gnoolia.
One -
Two -
Three -
- waybee.
- boolarra.
- boolarra waybee.
Pelican
boolin.
Four -
- boolarra boolarra
Laughing jackass
kamminmalli.
Father
- yaboona.
Native companion kooroor.
Mother
- yarrunan.
White cockatoo
Crow -
Swan -
Egg -
Track of a foot
gahr.
wadirrin.
yalbooboora.
kooma.
ginna.
Sister-Elder - goonanagoo (?).
„ Younger -
Brother-Elder - goonanagoo (?).
„ Younger
Fish -
dooloora.
A young man
- nanga.
Lobster
Walloon.
An old man
- wadoora.
Crayfish
An old woman
- wadawan.
Mosquito -
- meenyer.
A baby
- yanaan.
J'ly
Snake ■
The Blacks -
- mein.
- boongai.
- yalaari.
A White man
Children -
- widoo.
- undoo.
A Blackfellow
- goolboora.
Head
- kuddo.
A Black woman
Eye -
- dilMe.
Nose -
- wooda.
Ear -
- walloo.
BRDWN RIVER.
101
No. 158.— Bbown River— con«mtte(?
Mouth
- yeera(?).
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- yeera.
Hill -
_
Hair of the head
- ail.
Wood -
- dooli.
Beard -
- unga.
Stone -
- barree.
Thunder' ■■
- balbai.
Camp -
- yaamba.
Grass -
- woodoor.
Tongue
- dalli.
Yes -
- youi.
Stomach -
- booldi.
No -
- kaugoo.
Breasts
- kamoo.
I
- waga.
Thigh
- darra.
You -
- deeba.
Foot -
- ginna.
Bark -
- cooka.
Bone -
- bulban.
Good -
- goonegool.
Blood -
- eregoon.
Bad - -
- waboo.
Skin -
- ngoogul.
Sweet -
- attoo.
Fat -
- dama.
Food -
- toomoo.
Bowels
- ngalgo.
Hungry
- cabeera.
Excrement -
- goona.
Thirsty
- kamoo waggara
Warrspear -
- unda.
Eat -
- yoowanna.
Reed-spear -
Wommera or
medoo.
Sleep -
- wongara.
throwing-stiok
Drink -
- yoowanna
Shield
- goonmerri.
kamoo.
Tomahawk -
- dooban.
Walk -
- yanino.
Canoe -
- kooka.
See -
- wunna.
Sun -
- karre.
Sit -
- beendau.
Moon -
• kiaka.
Yesterday -
-
Star -
- boodoo.
To-day
- edgiga.
Light -
-
To-morrow -
- boogangio.
Dark -
-
Where are the baamanda?
Cold -
- dowa.
Blacks?
Heat -
- karrimul.
I don't know
- aknoonilla.
Day -
-
Plenty
- yenga.
Night -
-
Big -
- weeirr.
Fire -
- booree.
Little -
- kurrgom.
Water
- kamoo.
Dead -
- miebba.
Smoke
- tooka.
By-and-by -
- taacoo.
Ground
- nanee.
Come on
- wookooanni.
Wind- -
- youoora.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- kamoo.
Eaglehawk
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
102
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 159.— DAWSON RIVEE.
By John O'Connok, Esq., and E. Cunningham, Esq.
I HAVE received three vocabularies called after their negative
adverbs— the Wokka, Wogga, or Woga dialects — two from
Mr. John O'Connor and the other from Mr. E. Canningham.
The two first are said to belong to the Dawson B.iver Blacks ;
the third Mr. O'Connor locates on the Burnett. Internal
evidence, however, leads me to believe that though the
Blacks from whom the vocabulary in question was obtained
were met with on the Burnett, and said that they belonged
to that river, as they probably do now, the language really
belongs to the Dawson Eiver country.
The following Additional Words and tenses of the verb to
go were kindly kindly forwarded by Mr. O'Connor with the
first of his two vocabularies: —
Left-handed
waw-roon.
Box-tree
quip-pe.
Tall -
to-k6-ra.
Scrub-box -
tit-ch^-meii.
To laugh -
mun-jure.
Scrub -
bow-ar.
Where is it ?
in-ja ?
Bees' nest -
kow-wair.
Come here -
&-]k.
A large bees' nest
coo-jd.
Tree iguana
beer-bering-ga.
Trog - - -
poor-bung.
Grass iguana
na-ran.
Angry
baa.
Kangaroo-rat
bar-roon-ga.
Just look that way ya-roon-nea.
Bandicoot -
bin-noor.
A iine day -
ka-am.ba boo-ar
Native bear
june-doon-noo.
A wet day -
jure-bai.
Creek -
tone-gay.
Sick -
ke-wor.
Give me
nar-ai wo-ga.
Very sick -
ke-wor dun-de.
Whose is it ?
nan-ger-e-gow?
To travel -
y-i-wa.
Deaf adder -
mun-oom.
To run
giu-UTTig-your.
Quart-pot -
newm-newm.
To hunt
me-a-w-a.
Pint-pot
coo-tohii.
Male wallaby
won-goon.
Gum-tree -
yar-i-ba.
Female wallaby -
y-a.
Broad-leafed iron
goom-bi.
Father's brother
boo-ra.
bark-tree
Father's sister -
cum-e.
Narrow-leafed
pe-ga.
Mother's brother
mum-A.
ironbarktree
Mother's sister
we-young.
Bottle-tree -
- pay-ung-a.
Cousin
goom-bo.
DAWSON RIVER.
103
Additional Wokds — continued.
Paternal grand-
mai.
New moon -
mi-an-gower.
father
Daybreak -
yaiberLuge.
Maternal grand-
nutchi.
Firelight -
goouai.
father
I go away -
nzea chema.
Paternal grand-
y-e-u.
Lightning •
djunebun.
mother
Hailstorm -
moar.
Maternal grand-
boo-e-a.
To talk
ya.
mother
To strike -
boomba.
Female kangaroo-
grande.
NuUa-nulla (club
moreru.
Female opossum -
goobe.
Be gone
waka kowan.
Black cockatoo -
neyong.
A young woman
nerroom.
Carpet snake
booye.
Very tired -
boobokarwine.
Brown snake
bogweer.
I want to see
nutchu nean.
Black snake
mingo.
To stop or cease
wooer.
The leg, from knee boon.
To wait
woggokow.
downwards
Cloudy
coomban.
Arm -
gineen.
A clear sky -
year.
Finger-nail -
bingun.
To kill
boombayour.
Conjugation of ti
se Verb "To Go.
>
PRESEN'
C TENSE.
Igo -
mia mundal.
We go
- nunna mulgul-e.
Thou goest -
yinda munda.
You go
youa mulgul-e.
He goes
noo-la munda.
They go
nia muldalgo.
PERFECT
C TENSE.
I went
mia mundal.
We went -
numia mulguUe
mundella.
Thou wentest
yinda mundella.
You went -
yona mundella.
They went -
nia mu-tan-gay
He went
noo-la mundella.
mundella.
future
TENSE.
I will go
mia pa-boo mun-
We will go -
pa-boo-ra lung-
dalgo (by-and-
ga.
by).
You will go-
- boo-algo mul-
Thou will go
yinda wongA
gulle.
mundalgo.
He will go -
noo-la cur-a mun-
They will go
tan-a mur-a cur-a
dalgo.
ginda.
IMPERATI
YE MOOD.
Let me go -
in-chay poor-ba.
Let them go
- tago mulgulle
Let him go -
poor-ba in-chay
tago mundalgo.
poor-ba-loo.
Let us go -
coon-du munda.
Go -
■ munda,
The negative sense is given by using the word ka-ra' between the pro-
noun and the verb.
104
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 159.— DAWSON RIVER.
Br John O'Connok, Esq.
The equivalent of drink is compounded of water eat.
Kangaroo •
- kroman.
Hand - • -
- na.
Opossum
- grownda.
2 Blacks -
- booa mean.
Tame dog -
- bugin.
3 Blacks -
- kuram mean
Wild dog -
- kerum.
One -
- kumbe.
Emu
- wheey, murree.
Two -
- booa.
Black duck
_
Wood duck
- junmeer.
Three - -
- kuram.
Pelican
- kowangooran.
Pour (and all
bogo.
Laughing jackass eurgaga.
numbers above)
Native companion krargong.
Pather
- boora.
White cockatoo
- gear.
Mother
- weyoung.
Crow -
- waaguu.
Sister-Elder
- tehet-ge.
Swan -
- gooan.
„ Younger
- gundan.
Egg - -
- heua, meua.
Brother-Elder
- tehet-ia.
Track of a foot
- dumba.
,, Younger gunda.
Fish' -
_
Lobster
A young man
- nunga.
Crayfish -
- nenewn.
An old man
- mogun.
Mosquito -
- nine.
An old woman
- mogwine.
Ply . .
- ding.
A baby
- uaba.
Snake -
_
A White man
-
The Blacks
- mean.
Children
- dunde naba.
A Blackfellow
- mean.
Head -
- mawwa.
A Black woman
- newroom.
Eye -
- meay.
Nose -
- boodgeju.
Ear -
- bina.
DAWSON RIVER.
105
No. 159.— Dawson ^ivstl— continued.
Mouth
- yeaun.
Boomerang -
- warren.
Teeth
- deyong.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- bogwin.
Wood-
- tatdu.
Beard
- eka.
Stone -
- yie.
Thunder
- merwa.
Camp -
- uunda.
Grass
- • bunen.
Yes -
- ya.
Tongue
- dan.
No -
- wogga.
Stomach
- djura.
I
- nye, also natchu
Breasts
- nammo.
You -
- nin.
Thigh
- jingar.
Bark -
- goondu.
Foot -
- bogar.
Good -
- kamba.
Bone -
- dear.
Bad -
- bunda.
Blood - -
Skin -
- googa.
- booeum.
Sweet -
- boonya.
Fat -
- meem.
Food -
- kamambadjou.
Bowels
-
Hungry
- djura.
Excrement -
-
Thirsty
- OQonjum.
War-spear -
- duroon.
Eat -
- djou.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- innoar.
Wommera or
Drink -
- koondjou.
throwing-stiok
Walk - -
- yangoa.
Shield- -
- goonmurray.
See -
- neaua.
Tomahawk -
- birdung.
Sit -
- gundower. .
Canoe -
- boonde.
Yesterday -
- oonoonga.
Sun -
- booar.
To-day
- miing.
Moon -
- jeine.
To-morrow -
- horerama.
Star -
- goonda.
Where are the nungwa mean
Light -
-
Blacks ?
budjega?
Dark -
- wunuue.
I don't know
- wogga nutchu
Cold - -
- beke.
binga.
Heat -
- brooka.
Day -
- bunba.
Plenty
- bogo.
Big -
•■ dunde.
Night -
- wunune.
Little -
- nimbair.
Fire -
- kookum.
Dead -
- tai-kai-ying-e.
Water
- coon.
Smoke
• djum.
By-and-by -
- cooyea.
Ground
- karbong.
Come on
- eja.
Wind -
- booran.
Milk - -
-
Rain - -
- biinga.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- eu-ber.
Wife -
-
106
THE AUSTRALIAN EACB :
No. 159.— DAWSON RIVER.
By E. Cunningham, Esq.
Kangaroo -
kooramin.
Opossum , -
kooby.
Tame dog -
boogikue.
Wild dog -
Emu —
moie.
Black duck -
mannang.
Wood duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
woorkarkar
Native companion
kooralbung.
White cockatoo
keyarr.
Crow -
waugun.
Swan -
Egg -
ngoa.
Track of a foot
dinnong.
Fish ■
winnall.
Lobster
Crayfish
ninyouen.
Mosquito -
- neenee.
Fly - -
- ding.
Snake
- Onega.
The Blacks -
- meean.
A Blackfellow
- meean.
A Black woman
- kinbum.
Nose -
- budjong.
Hand -
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
Four -
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
,, Younger -
Brother-Elder
„ Younger
A young man
An old man
An old woman -
A baby
A White man . -
Children
Head -
Eye -
Ear
na.
bulla meean.
kooram meean.
wonga.
bulla.
kooram.
yaboo.
too.
thudgee.
- dutha.
kuar.
wadyourine.
moogoUan.
bobo.
obeir.
aba-ano.
kaum.
mill.
binnung.
DAWSON RIVER.
107
No. 159.— Dawsok Riter — continued.
Mouth
- kam.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- deeong.
Hill -
".
Hair of the heac
- boogwin.
Wood
- tatoo.
Beard
Thunder -
Grass -
Tongue
- narran.
- dthinbooin.
- bunan.
- duUtne.
Stone -
Camp -
Yes -
No -
- taye.
- gooyong.
- ha-ha.
- woga.
Stomach
Breasts
Thigh
Foot -
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
- koomurr.
- dundar.
- booyoo.
- ditinong.
- deea.
- googa.
- buUim.
I
You -
Bark -
Good -
Bad -
Sweet -
- pdjyo.
- nindoo.
- gundoa.
- kollumba.
- wahin.
- booinja.
Pat -
- meim.
Food -
- ja.
Bowels
■ boondo.
Hungry
- dura.
Excrement -
-• goonung.
Thirsty
- goongjum.
War-spear -
- dooruin.
Eat -
- gowwa.
Reed-spear -
Wommera or
throwing-stick
Shield
Tomahawk -
Canoe
Sun -
murroo
- gooinmurry
- narrung.
- gundoa;
- chewtoo.
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk-
See - -
Sit - -
Yesterday -
- bowinnjnna.
- goongowa.
- nango.
- nyah.
- nionah.
- oonoonga.
Moon -
- goolangerra.
To-day
- mying.
Star -
- goondare.
To-morrow -
- oorama.
Light -
- goonay.
Where are
bhe newnga meean ?
Dark -
- oungyou.
Blacks?
Cold -
-
I don't know
- woga odjyo ny-
Heat -
- booraga.
angee.
Day -
- chewtoo.
Plenty
- waway.
Night -
- oungyou.
Big - -
- bim.
Fii-e -
- gooyong.
Little -
- wandirmurra.
Water
- goong.
Dead -
- deya. ■
Smoke
- jome.
By-and-by -
- gwyeea.
Ground
- kobbong.
Come oh -
- cow-way.
Wind -
- burran.
Milk -
-
Rain -
-, booba.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
.
Wife -
-
108
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 159.— A WOKKA DIALECT TAKEN ON THE BURNETT.
By John O'Connor, Esq.
Kangaroo -
kroman.
Hand -
.- na.
Opossum
growndda.
2 Blacks -
- wombura jarl.
Tame dog -
bwgin.
3 Blacks -
- chrommuda jarl
Wild dog -
watcha.
One -
- karboon.
Emu -
wheey or muree.
Two -
- wombura.
Black duok-
monaro.
Three -
- chrommuda
Wood duok-
Pelloan
Four -
- chrommuda
maij-gwinge.
Laughing jackass
gongarga.
karboon.
Native companion
Father
- baboon.
White cockatoo -
kara.
Mother
- memay.
Crow -
waa-waa.
Sister-Elder
- djonn (?).
Swan -
may-gwin.
„• Younger
-
■Egg - - -
heua, meaa.
Brother-Elder '
- tchetja (?).
Track of a foot -
dumba.
Fish -
„ Young
er
Lobster
A young man
- gepara.
Crayfish
newn-newn.
An old man
- keringa.
Mosquito -
bree-bree.
An old woman
- renignn.
Fly -
ding.
A baby
- barbay.
Snake - - -
A White man
- mi.
The Blacks -
jarl.
Children
- uewne.
A Blackfellow -
jarl.
Head -
moun <yr mour.
A Black woman -
Eye -
- may.
Nose - . -
me.
Ear -
- benanor.
ON THE BURNETT.
109
Mouth
- yambool.
Boomerang -
- gran.
Teeth -
- deyoing.
Hill -
_
Hair of the head
- kum.
Wood -
- tatdu.
Beard -
- eka.
Thunder -
- merai.
Stone -
- tie.
Grass -
- bun.
Camp -
- muraun.
Tongue
- tchunome.
Yes -
- yo or yoi.
Stomach
- djaw.
No -
- wokka.
Breasts
- dundara.
I
- ngea or nutchu.
Thigh
-
You -
- nin.
Foot -
- tchenong.
Bark -
- goondu.
Bone -
- dear.
Blood -
- dere.
Good - -
- galang.
Bad -
- wealn.
Skin -
- tome.
Fat •-
- mem.
Sweet -
- galang.
Bowels
- moonay.
Food -
- galang djou.
Excrement -
- gownong.
Hungry
- djure.
War-spear ■•
- juay.
Thirsty
- goonge.
Reed-spear -
- (not used).
Eat -
- djou.
Wommera or
(not used).
Sleep -
- boanda
throwing-stick
Drink -
- djou.
Shield
- poonmurray.
Walk -
- yango.
Tomahawk -
- mouyum.
See -
- neau
Canoe -
- goondu.
Sit -
- neena.
Sun -
- tchenun.
Yesterday -
- annai.
Moon -
- goola, nermoon,
To-day
- taroo.
gileen.
To-morrow -
- woonna woonna
Star -
Light -
- googe,
Where are
Blacks?
the wanya jarl ?
Dark -
- wunune.
Cold -
- woUi.
I don't know
- wokka nutchu
Heat -
- yarang.
banga.
Day -
- geurlo.
Plenty
- mian.
Night - -
- wunune.
Big -
- dande.
Fire -
~ ooo-eu-ine.
Little -
- bure-bure.
Water
- coon.
Dead -
- bonge.
Smoke
- djum.
By-and-by -
- gouay.
Ground
- djar.
Come on
- eja.
Wind-
- bran.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- gouong.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
110
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 159.— ADDITIONAL WORDS.
By John O'Connor, Esq.
The correctness of the accents inserted in this vocabulary is very
doubtful.
Lightning -
- mur-i.
Quart-pot -
newm-newm.
Hailstorm -
- mo-ir. ■
Pint-pot
jung-ga jung-ga.
Carpet snake
boo-ye.
Gum-tree -
mun-bur-in.
Black snake
- goorMe.
Broad-leafed iron
- keg-gair.
Native bear
- goo-la.
bark -tree
Bandicoot -
■ bin-noor.
Narrow-leafed
bi-e.
Deaf adder -
- mun-oom.
ironbark-tree
Frog -
- go-bung.
Bottle-tree -
bung-air.
Hawk -
- coo-rea.
Box-tree
too-too-re.
Bee -
■ too-mul.
Scrub-box -
born-nan, •
Bees' nest -
- ki-a.
Scrub -
kow-k
Large bees' nest
- coo-jk.
Angry -
ba-al.
Male wallaby
won-goon.
White-
chil-ing.
Female wallaby
- y-a.
Black -
woor-ru-we-a.
Meat -
jum.
Red -
que& que^n.
Iguana
djune-ban.
Yellow
coo-na coo-na.
Large lizard.called ma-roon.
Green or blue (no
grass iguana
expression for)
Cloudy
kow-6ng.
To walk
yan-go.
A clear sky -
woon-ir.
We make a start
ya-an-da.
A fine day -
gal-kng tchen-
now
nun.
Go away, or be-
wa-ca-go-an.
A wet day -
mun-^ki.
gone
Moonlight -
goo-la-ra.
I am going now -
nye-a yan-an-da.
Club . -
tchab-beer.
Go quickly -
yan-an-da boor-
A young woman
ginbum.
re boor -re ma.
Left-handed;
Tall -
Kangaroo-rat
Creek - - -
waw-dAn-ga.
He goes very
slowly
jal-lai yan-go.
gwen-ge.
bar-roon-gi.
gerale.
I will not go
I wiU go to-
woo-ka nye-a
yan-an-da.
woon-a woon-a
Tobacco-pipe
po-mal.
morrow
yan-an-da.
Dry -
Sick -
djar.
tchan-go.
I went yesterday
nye-a yan-an-da
onn-nai.
Very sick -
dan-de tchan-go.
You went yester-
nin yan-yai onn-
Tired -
co-au-jum.
day
ai.
Very tired and oul
of breath
new-rone-bong-e.
We went yester-
day
na-am yan-yai
6nn-al.
ON THE BURNETT.
Ill
No. 159, — Additional Words— continued.
He will go by moonlight - goo-ai yan-an-da gun goo-la-ra.
by-and-by will go that fellow moonlight.
To talk - - ya.
To strike - - boom-mk.
I want to see - natohu neau.
To stop or cease - ne-ro.
To wait oi delay- ya-ko.
To kill
To laugh -
Where is it ?
Come here -
Whose is it ?
I hear thunder
- boom-djan.
- mun-jur.
- won-ya?
- ^ja.
- nan-ger-e-gun?
I want to sit down, as I am tired
Get ration bags
Just look that way ya-boo-na.
To travel - '- waa-lu.
To run - - mai-ring-new.
To hunt - - mai-du.
I run an old-man natohii mai-du
kangaroo by my- krb-man kar-
self boon dja.
An exclamation of gun-ben-an !
surprise !
nut-chu be-ing-a me-rai.
I hear thunder.
- nye-a neen-na
I want to sit
Give me - - nar-ai wa.
Give it to him or in-do wa.
to her
Don't give it - woc-ka wa.
I will give you an nut chii wug-goo
opossum djan-^.
Give me a pipe - nar-ai po-mal or
nar-ai wa po-
mal.
co-an-jum.
tired.
poon-be ma-na plau-ro.
get flour. . .
I will give it by- goo-ai nutchu
and-by wug-goo.
I gave it to you nutchu woong-e
yesterday onn-ai.
I will not give it nutchu woo-ka
to you wug-goo.
Conjugation of the Verb "To Go."
PEBSENT TENSE.
You and I go - naam neen
yango.
Georgy and I go - Georgy naam
yananda.
Georgy and Billy yo-am yananda
go Georgy Billy.
Igo -
- nea yango.
Thou goest -
- neen yanna.
He goes
- kunnambe yan-
anda.
We go
- ne yango.
You go
- neu yanda.
They go -
- kunnambe
yanna.
112
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
Conjugation of the Verb "To Go"— continued.
I went
Thou wentest
He went
We went
You went -
I will go
Thou wilt go
He will go -
We will go -
You will go
nea yanye.
- arringya neen
yanye.
- kunnambe
yanye.
- ne yanye.
- neen yanye.
PEETEKITE TENSE.
They went - - kunnambe
yanye.
You and I went - naam neen
yanye.
Georgy and I Georgy naam
went yanye.
Georgy and Billy Georgy Billy
went yoam yanye.
FUTURE TENSE.
- nea yananda or
nea gere yango.
- neen gere yana.
kunambe yango.
- ne gere yango.
- neu gere yana.
They will go
- kunambe yan-
anda.
You and I will go naam gere yango.
Georgy and I will Georgy gere
go. naam yananda.
Georgy and Billy yananda yaan
will go
Let me go - - yaboo nea yango.
Go thou - - neen yanna.
Let him go - - yaboo yanga.
Let us go ' = - yaboo neam
yango.
Let Billy and me yaboo Billy naam
go yango.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Go you two
Let them go
Georgy Billy.
- mooam yaboo
yanna, or neu
yaboo yanna.
yaboo mooam
yango, o?- yaboo
neu yanga.
I see -
Thou seest -
He sees
We see
You see
They see
I will see
Thou wilt see
He will see
We will see -
You will see
Conjugation oip the Verb "To See.'
PRESENT TENSE.
- nutchu nanee.
- neendu nanee.
- kunambe nanee.
- ne nanee.
- neu nanee.
- kunambe nanee.
You and I see
Georgy and I see ■
Georgy and Billy
see
naamboo neendu
nanee.
Georgy naam
nanee.
Billy yoamboo
nanee Georgy.
future tense.
nutchu gere
nean.
neendv gere
nean.
■ kunambe gere
nean,
ne gere nean.
■ neu gere nean..
They will see - kunambe nanee,
You and I will
see
Georgy and I will
naamboo gere
neendu.
Georgy and Billy
will see
Georgy naam-
boo nean.
Georgy Billy
na-ang-ge.
ON THE BURNETT.
113
Conjugation of the Verb "To Se^"— continued.
IMPERATIVE.
Let me see
See thou
Let him see
Let us see -
I do not see
I did not see
- nutchu nean, or
nutohu yaboo
nean.
- neendu nean.
- kai nean.
- neemgeu nean,
or neemgeu
yaboo nean.
- woka nutchu
nean.
- woka eubura
nutchu nean.
Let you two see - neendu nean.
Let them see - kai nean.
Let Georgy and naamboo Georgy
me see nean.
Let Georgy and yoambo Georgy
Billy see Billy nean.
They won't see woka ginda
his tracks jinang nean.
I run -
Thou runnest
He runs
We run
I ran -
Thou rannest
He ran
I will run -
Thou wilt run
He will run -
Let me run -
Run -
Let him run
VOL. III.
Conjugation or the Verb "To Run.'
PRESENT TENSE.
- nea mai-ring-e. You run
- neen mai-ring-e. They run
- kun-nam-be mai-
ring-e.
- ne mai-ring-nu.
PERFECT TENSE,
- nea mai-ring-e.
- neen mai-ring-e
kun-nam-be mai-
ring-e.
We ran
You ran
They ran
FUTURE TENSE.
nea ger-e mair-
ging-e.
neen ger-e
mair-ge.
hun-nam-be
gere-e mair-gu.
We will run-
You will run
They will run
yan-be-mung
mai-ring-nu.
nulla mai-ring-e.
kun-nam-be
mai-riag-nu.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Let ua run
- neen mai-rmg-e.
- gun-a-ai mai-
ring-nu, or gun-
a-ra mair-gin-
ne mai-rmg-nu.
neen mai-ring-e.
mai-ring-nu
jan-e, or kun-^
mai-ring-nu.
- ne mio mai-rmg-
uu.
- neen ger-e mair-
ge.
- kun-iigere mair-
ging-e.
- yanga-ma nea
mai-ring-nu.
Run (2nd person nulla mai-ring-e.
plural)
Let them run - kun-d-gi-na mai-
ring nur-y.
114
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 160.— KEPPEL BAY, CALLIOPE EIVER, AND
CURTIS ISLAND.
Anonymous.
The country of the Byellee tribe stretches from Keppel Bay
to the Calliope River, and includes Curtis Island. It was
occupied by the Whites in 1855. The tribe at that time
numbered about 300 persons, and is now (1882) reduced to
32. My informant, who was amongst the first White men
who resided in the country of the Byellee, remembers that a
few of them were marked with the small-pox; that the tribe
described it as having visited them about the beginning of
the century, and carried off large numbers. It is called
manboy. Opossum-rugs are used by this tribe. Besides
these facts, nothing new has reached me concerning the
No. 160.— KEPPEL BAY, CALLIOPE RIVER,
AND CURTIS
1ST, AND.
Anonymous.
Kangaroo -
my.
Hand -
- mooloom.
Opossum -
koommonka.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
Emu -
meeree.
nurin.
One -
- webben.
Black duck
goonanga.
Two -
■ booli.
Wood duck
goochang.
Three
- koorel.
Pelican
parangool.
Four -
Laughing jackass toonee.
Native companion goolongan.
Father
- meegan.
White cockatoo ■
keegoom.
Mother
■ yaya.
Crow -
toonwell.
Sister-Elder
- darwar.
Swan -
„ Younger
- koondoolan.
Egg - ■ -
booroom.
Brother-Elder
- marm.
Track of a foot
eli.
„ Younger weegool.
Fish -
goodna.
A young man
- wondool.
Lobster
An old man
- darl.
Crayfish
didbee.
An old woman
- barbooran.
Mosquito -
boowan.
Ely -
moolum.
A baby
- wondoo.
Snake
darm.
A White man
- koowin.
The Blacks
booma.
Children -
-
A Blackf ellow
kingkel.
Head -
- karun.
A Black woman
wooroo.
Eye -
- mill.
Nose -
piree.
Ear -
- bidna.
KBPPEL BAY, CALLIOPE RIVER, CURTIS ISLAND, 115
No. 160. — Kbppel Bat, Calliope
Mouth
tonka.
Teeth
puta.
Hair of the head
Beard
yan.
Thunder -
broomgi.
Grasa -
bowan.
Tongue
dalmin.
Stomach -
Breasts
doolgool.
Thigh
■ karl.
Foot -
- didna.
Bone -
Blood -
- koomi.
Skin -
- korral.
Fat -
- koolkin.
Bowels
Excrement-
- koodna.
War-spear -
- kiam.
Reed-spear-
Wommera or
thro wing-stick
Shield
- koomar.
Tomahawk-
- mareway
Canoe
-
Sun -
- kine.
Moon -
- elam.
Star -
-
Light -
-
Dark -
-
Cold -
-
Heat -
-
Day ■
-
Night
-
Fke -
- boowi.
Water
- koongo.
Smoke
Ground
-
Wind
- beeyan.
Rain -
- bonoo.
God .
.
Ghosts
,
VEE, AND CuKTis IsLAKD—cmtinued
Boomerang -
- darga.
Hill -
- biapa.
Wood-
- boowi.
Stone -
- dargin.
Camp-
- koonim.
Yes -
- kooal.
No - -
- wondo.
I
-
You -
-
Bark -
- kooka.
Good -
-
Bad -
-
Sweet-
-
Food -
Hungry
- tooloorin.
Thirsty
-
Eat -
-
Sleep -
- yeengan.
Drink-
-
Walk -
-
See -
-
Sit -
-
Yesterday -
-
To-day
-
To-morrow
-
Where are
the
Blacks 1
I don't know
-
Plenty
Big - ■
-
Little -
-
Dead -
-
By-and-by -
-
Come on -
-
Milk -
-
Eaglehawk-
Wild turkey
-
Wife -
-
B2
BOOK THE ELEVENTH.
BOOK THE ELEVENTH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
This book relates to several tribes now much rednced in
numbers, whicli dwell on a tract of country in the neigbbonr-
hood of Moreton Bay, which has been long in our occupation.
As might be anticipated, their original customs have fallen
into partial disuse, and the remnants of the tribes now use
in common the old tribal lands of which their ancestors
were so jealous, the boundaries of which are now but imper-
fectly known. In the several languages of these tribes, we
have, as equivalents of the Blacks, the words Ban, Tan,
Thun, and other varieties of some original term. Kabi, or
some similar word, is also the negative adverb in two or three
of them, and it is curious to notice that Murree, which is the
equivalent for the Blacks in districts situated both to the
north and south of the country occupied by these tribes,
bears in four of the vocabularies contained in this book the
signification of kangaroo, a matter dwelt on in Vol. I., pp. 27
and 28. Also, in two instances, we find head and hair
expressed by the same term. In some of the tribes the
custom is, or lately was, in vogue of amputating one or
two joints of one of the little fingers of the female children.
The same practice we know obtained in the now long extinct
Sydney tribe.
120 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
The principal feature, however, of this book is the long
account of the language and customs of the Kabi tribe
given by Mr. John Mathew. From that gentleman I learn
that some years back he spent a short time in the country
of the Kabi, and I attribute the fulness of his description
of the tribe rather to his love of ethnological studies, which
has led him to observe and remember what came under his
notice, than to that ripe knowledge which results from long
experience.
Neither must it be overlooked that when Mr. Mathew
knew the Kabi their customs had been much broken down
by the advent of the Whites, and the sharp edge of
aboriginal manners had worn off. An instance of change
of custom I take to be contained in Mr. Mathew's state-
ment that, when he knew the Kabi, a widow used to leave
the tribe of her late husband, and, taking her children with
her, return to the one in which she was born. This cannot
be accepted as a primitive custom, as it runs counter to all
that we know of the marriage laws and the constitutions of
tribes throughout the continent, which we are also aware
extended to this particular neighbourhood.
Notwithstanding one or two statements which refer to
modern and not to ancient and original customs, the reader
will find Mr. Mathew's contribution an able and interesting
one.
I may remark that in 1856 I passed a few months in the
Bunya Bunya country, on a station called Gobongo, at that
time my property. Whilst there, the season of the Bunya
nuts was at its height, and, of course, I saw something of
the Kabi. From them I learnt that the majority of the
Blacks then in the Bunya scrubs were strangers, whom they
had invited to their country to feast on the plentiful harvest
of nuts, which occurs every third year, but that they were
forbidden to help themselves to any fish, fiesh, or fowl within
the territory. After some weeks of an unbroken vegetable
diet, an intense craving for animal food, it seems, came on.
One day a few of the visitors, amongst whom was a young
PEEFATORY REMARKS. 121
woman, amved at my head-station, and, the evening after,
the rest of their party, one of which should have heen the
mother of the yonng woman just mentioned. Almost im-
mediately a sound of screams and wailings was raised hy the
women who had reached the station the day before, and, on
inquiry, I learnt that, as soon as the young woman and her
friends had left the camp in the Bunya forest, the men who
remained behind had killed her mother, and satiated their
meat-hunger by eating her. Shortly after I heard of a
little girl being killed and eaten.
I found at Gobongo that the Kabi had a curious mode of
fighting out the quarrels which, arose within the tribe. It
was this. The combatants, who probably claimed the same
woman as wife, each put his left arm round his adversary's
neck, and passed his right hand, which grasped a sharp flint,
behind the back of his opponent. This position being fairly
taken up, and the naked combatants being locked tightly
breast to breast, at a signal given by a bystander, proceeded,
each with fierce energy, to rip, hack, and tear with the sharp
rugged flint he held in his right hand the back of his
antagonist, from as high as he could reach to as low as the
waist, until one crying "hold enough," the matter was
decided, and the combatants, dripping with gore, retired to
their respective fires.
No. 161.— BOYNE EIVEE.
FOKWAKDED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE, BWSBANE.
The following particulars concerning the Toolooa or Dan-
dan tribe were forwarded to me by the Commissioner of
Police at Brisbane. By whom they were compiled I am not
aware, as the original notes are unsigned. My anonymous
informant, however, points out that he had visited the
122 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
territory of the tribe prior to its being occupied for squatting
purposes, and then proceeds to give the following informa-
tion.
The country of the Toolooa tribe was the watershed of the
Boyne Kiver. It was occupied as squatting runs in 1854, at
which period the tribe which inhabited it is estimated to have
numbered 700 persons, many of whom appeared to be sixty
years of age, and not a few seventy or eighty years and
upwards. The presence of men and women of such ages, it
may be remarked, is reported by many of my correspondents,
though I have not always recorded the fact, because we
know that it was the rule to find aged persons in every tribe
with which the Whites came in contact. The number of
the Toolooa tribe is now (1882) reduced to 43 persons. It
is mentioned by my informant that dropsy was one of the
diseases which helped to carry them off.
Opossum-rugs are worn by the people of this tribe, who
adorn themselves with necklaces made of reeds, cut into short
lengths, and threaded, and also with netted bands round the
head, each with a pearl shell attached to it. Feathers are
also worn in the hair as ornaments. Their bags and nets are
made of the bark of the grass-tree ; their tomahawks are
wedge-shaped stones ground smooth. They have boomerangs
of both sorts ; spears are thrown by hand ; and some of
their weapons are carved, and colored with red ochre.
Animals are cut open with a pointed stick, hardened in the
fire.
Many of the members of the tribe who are over forty years
of age bear the marks of small-pox. On this subject the
tradition of the Toolooa people is, that about the year 1835
they were visited by the Burnett tribes, who brought the
disease and gave it to them. Such great numbers died of
it that the survivors were unable to bury them. The Toolooa
name for small-pox is deeum.
Polygamy prevailed, and marriages within the tribe are
said to have been rare, the men exchanging their daughters
and sisters for Byellee and Maroonee girls. Infanticide,
BOYNE EIVBR, 123
which always existed, is now the rule. The usual ornamental
scars are made, and the septum of the nose is pierced. Cir-
cumcision and the terrible rite are unknown in this tribe,
who bury their deceased males in the ground, and place the
remains of females in the trunks of hollow trees.
124
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE
No. 161.— BOYNE RIVER.
In this vocabulary, which I received in a hand hardly legible, the
presence of the sound wi in the equivalent of the words sun, heat, day,
and Jire ia noticeable. As in many other of our languages, there is but
one word for good and sweet.
Kangaroo -
booroo.
Hand -
- peri.
Opossum -
kooree.
2 Blacks -
- boodla dan.
Tame dog -
karrang.
3 Blacks
• inkanna dan
Wild dog -
mirree.
One -
- karroon.
Emu -
nurra.
Black duck -
mering.
Two -
- boodla.
Wood duck-
penang.
Three -
- numma (?).
Pelicau
parung.
Four -
- (no word).
Laughing jackass
doonwill.
Father
- beya.
Native companion
Mother
- uabba.
White cockatoo -
keegoom.
Sister-Elder
- yaoona.
Crow -
toowell.
,, Younger
- kontalgan.
Swan -
koonkool.
Brother-Elder
- kargo.
Egg - -
umma.
,, Younger kontalim.
Track of a foot
ditna.
Fish -
pam.
A young man
- karraa.
Lobster
An old man
- konkon.
Crayfish
wunmeen.
An old woman
- konnooan.
Mosquito -
- nimkin.
A baby
- butoham.
Fly -
■ moowin.
A White man
- barram.
Snake -
wonki.
Children
The Blacks -
kungun dan.
A Blackfellow
- dan.
Head -
- karm.
A Black woman ■
wanmoo.
Eye -
■ meil.
Nose -
- mootoo.
Ear -
- pidna.
BOYNE RIVER.
125
No. 161.— BoYNE B^iVEti— continued.
Mouth
■ talli.
Boomerang -
- bukkan.
Teeth -
toota.
Hill -
- wondo-wondo.
Hair of the head
moonoon.
Wood -
too.
Beard -
■ yara.
Stone -
wolba.
Thunder -
- boomga.
Camp -
darr.
Grass -
- boogargan.
Yes -
yooi.
Tongue
- doonnan.
No -
karbi.
Stomach
- budloo.
I-
nin.
Breasts
- ummore.
You -
innoo.
Thigh -
- beyoo.
Bark -
durra.
Foot -
- didna.
Good -
balka.
Bone -
- pigul-
Bad -
woote.
Blood -
■ dee.
Sweet -
balka.
Skin -
- kooba.
Food -
dalko.
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick
Shield- -
Tomahawk -
- balkee.
- wogooway.
- koodna.
■ kanna.
- koodmary.
- moogan.
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk -
See -
wyeena.
ebumboo.
dagga.
koonim.
yenna.
natha.
Canoe -
Sun -
- kooga.
- witpar.
Sit -
Yesterday -
- ena-ena.
- woolko-woolko
Moon -
- nelan.
To-day
- woongee.
Star -
- kootingal.
To-morrow -
- wootoowa.
Light -
- koogal.
Where are the
wontha dan?
Dark -
- kooroom.
Blacks ?
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
• nethar.
■ whyoom.
- witeabery.
I don't know
Plenty
Big -
Little -
- darginbal.
Night ■
Fire -
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind -
- kooroomkannum.
- karkoogarkool.
- wi.
- koonkool.
- doomoo.
- parr.
- booran.
Dead -
By-and-by -
Come on
Milk - -
■ kunman.
- karra-karra.
- kowi.
- kokkill.
Rain -
- dookoo.
Eaglehawk •
- nunkar.
God -
Wild turkey
- wargoon.
Ghosts
-
Wife -
- woonmoolan.
126
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 162.— THE COAST FROM BUSTAED BAY TO
RODD'S BAY AND BACK TO MANY PEAK
RANGE.
FOKWABDED BY THE COMMISSIONER OT PoLICEj BeISBANE.
The account of the Meerooni tribe differs so little from the
one which precedes it, that it is unnecessary to dwell on it.
Tingal is the name by which small-pox is known in the
tribe. They decline to eat pork. As the reader wiU notice,
only a portion of the Common Vocabulary has been trans-
lated.
No. 162.— BUSTARD BAY, ETC.
Forwarded by the Commissioner of Police,
Brisbane.
Kangaroo -
goorooman.
Hand-
■ gillee.
Opossum -
googina.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu •
Black duck
meeree.
karoom.
nooree.
nurra.
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
karlim.
booUa.
Wood duck
mering.
Three -
goodthina.
Pelican
parwon.
Four -
booUa-booUa.
Laughing jackass
doowal.
Father
■ paboon.
Native companion
Mother
■ nabong.
White cockatoo
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - - ■
Track of a foot -
belim,
whakoon,
konkekool,
wang.
dinnong.
Sister-Elder - yaroon.
,, Younger - narbungan,
Brother-Elder - nooan.
,, Younger guntal.
Fish -
gooral.
A young man
- nogoin.
Lobster
An old man
- goorki, girkil
Crayfish -
An old woman
- goorgina.
•Mosquito -
tibing.
A baby
- karkar.
Fly -
Snake
The Blacks-
A Blackfellow
wooni.
daan.
A White man
Children -
Head -
- moothar,
- karm.
A Black woman
keen.
Eye -
- meel.
Nose' -
mooroo.
Ear -
- bidna.
BUSTARD BAY, ETC.
127
No. 162. — Bttstabd Bay, etc. — continued
Month
karlee.
Boomerang
Teeth -
teeta.
Hill -
Hair of the head
monion.
Wood-
Beard-
yaree.
Stone -
Thunder -
baroongi.
Camp -
Grass -
boogalgan.
Yes -
Tongue
No - - -
Stomach
I - -
Breasts
You -
Thigh
Bark -
Foot -
Good -
Bone -
Bad -
Blood -
.
Sweet -
Skin -
.
Food -
Fat -
Hungry
Bowels
-
Thirsty
Eat -
Excrement -
-
War-spear -
.
Sleep -
B^ed-spear -
-
Drink-
Throwing-stick
-
Walk -
Shield
-
See -
Tomahawk -
-
Sit -
Canoe
-
Yesterday -
Sun -
To-day
Moon -
To-morrow -
Star -
Where are the
Light -
-
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold -
I don't know
Heat -
Plenty
Day -
-
Big - - -
Night -
Little -
Fire -
Dead -
Water
Smoke
By-and-by -
Ground
-
Come on -
Wind
-
Milk -
Rain -
-
Eaglehawk -
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
.
Wife -
128
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 163.— BAFFLE CREEK.
Anonymous,
My informant notices that all numbers over four are expressed by the
word yingaiho. To drink is rendered water eat.
Kangaroo -
Opossum
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow -
Swan -
Egg -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - -
Snake
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow
A Black woman -
Nose -
booroo.
nugai.
mirri.
garrome.
moi.
ngurra.
nguloarr.
boolumbuUum.
karroogul.
koolooragun.
garre-garre.
wong.
goloin.
dail.
moola.
daam.
biuam.
wongain.
dan.
dan.
mouee (?).
mooroo.
Hand -
2 Blacks
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
Four -
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
„ Younger -
Brother-Elder -
„ Younger
A young man
An old man
An old woman -
A baby
A White man
Children
Head -
Eye -
Ear -
birroo.
boola dan.
dan boola neula.
neula,
boola.
boola-neula.
bomboin.
babon.
ya.
wuthim.
undalgun,
thet-thow.
goonmee.
gadekoorrr.
wooroobalrin.
mootram.
goomnee.
warrole.
meel.
binnea.
BAFFLE CREEK.
129
No. 163.— Baffle Crisek.— continued.
Mouth
- kairm.
Boomerang -
- buggun.
Teeth -
- deera.
Hill -
- windundo.
Hair oiE the head- moningil.
Wood -
- doo.
Beard -
Stone -
- wellae. '
Thunder •
- booroomga.
Camp -
- wibai.
Graas -
- ban.
Yes -
- yo-i.
Tongue
- djienome.
No - -
- gooraong.
Stomach
- boolod.
I -
- age.
Breasts
- maam, ngamoo.
You -
- ngun.
Thigh
- bu.
Bark -
- toora.
Foot -
- djinna. ,
Good -
-
Bone -
-
Bad -
- warang.
Blood -
- dee, du.
Sweet -
-
Skin -
- yulaine.
Food -
- tcheugarlar.
Fat -
- bultree.
Hungry
Bowels
- maapo.
Thirsty
- guamboolgun.
Excrement -
- goona.
Eat -
- thaltroe.
War-spear -
- gunna.
Sleep -
- yoonmag.
Reed-spear -
- (none).
Drink -
- koongo thaltroe
Wommera -
- (none).
Walk -
- thaggo.
Shield
- goonmurray.
See -
- naggim.
Tomahawk -
- booroogoo.
Canoe -
- kundole.
Sit -
- yinnago.
Sun -
- giumine.
Yesterday -
- woorowang.
Moon -
- ngaloolum.
To-day
- woonnee.
Star -
- doojoongul.
To-morrow -
- butchungo.
Light -
- girree'.
Where are the woodtha dan ?
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold - -
- ngrrtoon.
I don't know
- woodthala gam.
Heat -
- ngeugame.
Plenty
- yingatho.
Day -
-
Big -
-
Night - -
- ngooloo.
Little -
- gooninni.
Fire -
Water
Smoke
- ngoon.
- koongo.
- boolun.
Dead -
By-and-by -
- boonthegim.
- kurra.
Ground
- dou.
Come on
- kowai.
Wind
_
Milk - -
- maam.
Rain-
- boonoo.
Eaglehawk r
- gooUae.
God - -
-
Wild turkey
- waggone.
Ghosts
- ngoothoong.
Wife -
- ginbellum.
VOL. in.
[
130 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 164.
1.— NOETH SIDE OF MORETON BAY.
By the Revd. William Ridley, M.A.
2.— MARYBOROUGH.
By the Writee.
3.— MARYBOROUGH.
By James MacPherson.
4.— PORTION OF THE COUNTRY BETWEEN
BRISBANE AND GYMPIE.
By Richard Westaway, Esq.
5.— PORTION OF THE COUNTRY BETWEEN
BRISBANE AND GYMPIE.
By W. Landsborouoh, Esq.
6.— ERASER'S ISLAND.
From Chief Commissioner of Police, Brisbane.
Sbvbeal vocabularies have reached me of languages spoken
by tribes the remnants of wliicb dwell between Moreton and
Hervey Bays and the adjacent country for about fifty miles
inland. These tribes and their languages have become so
intermixed as the result of our intrusion that the precise
localities occupied by each tribe are no longer known to any
one. Under these circumstances, I have inserted under the
present heading (No. 164) several of the vocabularies and
NORTH SIDE OF MORETON BAY, ETC. 131
descriptions of tribes which have reached me from the area
of country in question, without any attempt to locate them
more precisely.
The first of the following vocabularies was sent to me by
the late Revd. William Ridley, author of the well-known
work entitled Kamilaroi and other Australian Languages.
The name Mr. Ridley gives to this language is Dippil, and
the area over which it is described as prevailing is "Wide
Bay, north and south as far as the Burnett, over a large
tract of country." Comparing the Dippil vocabulary in Mr.
Ridley's work with the translation of the Common Vocabu-
lary sent me by that gentleman, some differences will be
found.
Additional Words, extbacted from Mk. Ridley's Wobk.
Scars on the chest- - - - mooZfow (in some parts = sWeW).
Married woman - - - - yirum.
Uncle ------ immo.
Aunt ------ maroon,
Male cousin yimudheme.
Female cousin .... kumedheme.
Kangaroo (full-grown male) - - kroman.
„ (young male) - - durween.
„ (female) - - . yimmer.
,, (young one in pouch) - woolbai.
Bee (small) dibbin.
,, (large) . . - . turbain.
Honey of small bee • - - kobbai.
„ large „ - - . giUa.
Morning star . - . - (Jirai yirki.*
Milky Way muin.
* On the other side of the continent we have yircla = morning stor.— See Vol. I.,
page 400.
I z
132
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
No. 164.— NORTH SIDE OP MORETON BAY.
By the Revd. William Ridley.
Compare canoe and barJe. A canoe is made of a sheet of bark.
Kangaroo -
- kroman.
Hand -
- duruin or duk
Opossum -
- 'harambi.
kur.
Tame dog -
- wutta.
2 Blacks -
-
Wild dog -
-
3 Blacks -
-
Emu -
- nguruin.
One -
- kalim.
Duck -
- nar.
Two -
- bular.
Wood dufk
.
Three -
- kurabunta.
Pelican
- nirrinea.
Laughing jackass kaggoo.
Four -
- bular gira bular.
Native companion
Father
- bobbin.
White cockatoo
- kiggoom.
Mother
- ngavang.
Grow -
-
Sister-Elder
- yaoboon.
Swan -
- nirring.
,, Younger
-
Egg - -
- bam.
Brother-Elder
- noon.
Track of a foot
- jinun daoSr = to
„ Younge
r woodhoong.
-
foot ground.
A young man
- kippa.
Fish -
- billa.
Lobster
An old man
- winyagun.
Crayfish
.
An old woman
- yirkun.
Mosquito -
- boomba.
A baby
- methindoom.
Ely -
- tibing.
A White man
- makoron or mud
Snake (black)
- moolloo.
here.
The Blacks -
- dan or tjan.
Children -
-
A Blackf ellow
- tjan.
Head -
- kam.
A Black woman
- yirum.
Eye -
- mi.
Nose -
- muru.
Ear -
- binung. .
NORTH SIDE OF MOBBTON BAY.
133
No.
164. — North Side of
MoEETON Bay-
-continued.
Mouth
- tunka.
Boomerang -
- berkan.
Teeth -
-
Hill -
- waikerdummai.
Hair of the head- dhella.
Wood -
Beard
- yeran.
Stone -
- kitta, muUa,
Thunder -
- moomba.
Grass
koonkum.
Tongue
- doonoom,
Camp -
Stomach
- gunnung, doon-
Yes -
- yoai.
guu.
No -
- kabbi.
Breasts
- amoong.
I - -
- unna, ngai.
Thigh
- puiyu.
You -
- ngin, inta, indu
Foot -
- jinnung.
Bark - ■ -
- kumba.
Bone -
Good -
- gilanggoor.
Blood -
- kukki*
Bad -
Sweet -
Skin -
Fat -
- brabra.
- WTirang.
Bowels
.
Food -
:
Excrement -
.
Hungry
- kandoo.
War- spear -
- biUar.
Thirsty
Keed-spear -
- kunnai.
Eat -
-
Wommera oi
kootha
Sleep -
■ mibon.
throwing-stick
Drink -
-
Shield
- yao-run, good-
Walk-
- yenna.
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
murri.
- yemar-yemar.
- kumba.
See -
Sit - -
- nunyin.
- ninnai.
Sun -
Yesterday -
- nambura.
Moon -
To-day
-
Morning star
- dirai yirke.
To-morrow
- bunyirke.
Light -
Where are the winyo dan ?
Dark -
Blacks ?
Cold -
I don't know
Heat -
Plenty
- murrin.
Day - -
Big -
- winwoor.
Night- .
,
Little -
- dummai.
Fire -
Water
- gira.
- koong.
Dead -
- bong.
Smoke
- woolni.
By-and-by -
Ciround
- daoer.
Come on
-
Wind-
-
Milk -
-
Rain -
- yoorong.
Eaglehawk -
- woorama.
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife -
.
134
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 164— MARYBOROUaH.
■ By the Writer.
Kangaroo -
- marri.
Opossum
- koorooi.
Tame dog -
- waitoha.
Wild dog -
-
Emu -
- noroin.
Black duck
- ngara.
Wood duck
- wyoon.
Pelican
-
Laughing jackass kargoon.
Native companion koonoorang.
White cockatoo
- kigong.
Crow -
- wawha.
Swan -
-
Egg - -
- paam.
Track of a foot
- ohinong.
Fish - -
- andaia.
Lobster
-
Crayfish
- naloro.
Mosquito -
- poonbaa.
Fly -
- dibing.
Snake -
- norang.
The Blacks -
- dchaana.
A Blackfellow
- dchaam.
A Black womar
I - yircan.
Nose •
- mooroo.
JU-ana -
- Diri,
2 Blacks
3 Blacks -
-
One -
- kaalim.
Two -
- poolla.
Three -
- koorbanda.
Four -
- papooro.
Father
- paboon.
Mother
- naban.
Sister-Elder
- yabooin.
„ Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- nyoon.
„ Younger
A young man
- gibara.
An old man
- winyer.
An old woman
- winyercan
A baby
- berwan.
A White man
- madar.
Children
- nogoin.
Head -
- kaam.
Eye -
- mi.
Ear -
- penang.
MARYBOROUGH.
135
No. 164. — Mabybokough — contimied.
Mouth
- tamboor.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth - -
- tanga.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heac
- talla.
Wood-
- choo.
Beard -
- yarrain.
Stone -
- takhe.
Thund-er -
- poromgoin.
Camp -
- taa.
Grass -
- baan.
Yes -
- ngi.
Tongue
~ choonoong.
Stomach
- toonoong.
No
- waa.
Breasts
- namoong.
I
- ngin.
Thigh -
- booioo.
You -
- ngaia.
Foot -
- chinong.
Bark -
- bibin.
Bone -
- moondoo.
Good -
- kalangoro.
Blood -
- kaki.
Bad -
- warang.
Skin - -
- kobara.
Sweet -
- kigar.
Fat -
- marom.
Food - -
-
Bowels
- poorownba.
Hungry
- kakainjo.
Excrement -
- koonong.
Thirsty
- ngaiabolong.
War-spear -
- bilara.
•Eat -
- chagooba.
Reed-spear -
Wommera or
(none).
Sleep -
- yinnian, boogan-
doo.
- chagoba.
throwing-stick
Shield
- koonmarine.
Drink -
Tomahawk -
- moguim.
Walk -
- yanman.
Canoe -
- kolaro.
See -
- nyagoba.
Sun -
- chiroom.
Sit - -
- nyinan.
Moon -
- baboin.
Yesterday -
■ nyaamba.
Star -
- dirrai.
To-day
- kalibolanoronda.
Light -
- unda.
To-morrow -
- yiriga.
Dark -
- mooloo. ■
Where are
the wandja dchaan?
Cold -
- wallado.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- waggoo.
I don't know
- wanjamba.
Day -
- narron.
Plenty
- pagodar.
Night -
- woin.
Big -
- pagodarju.
Fire -
- girrar.
Little -
- tamarramai.
Water
- kong.
Dead -
- paloin.
Smoke
- wooloiwondain.
By-and-by -
- punna.
Ground
■ tchaa.
Come on
- yiinbugga.
Wind- -
- boorran.
Milk -, -
Rain -
■■ yooroong.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
-
136 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 164.— MAEYBOROUGH.
By James MacPhekson.
The following remarks concerning the Maryborough. Blacks
were forwarded to me by Mr. Henry' P. Somerset, who got
them drawn up by James MacPherson, formerly a bushranger,
and known by the name of the Wild Scotchman.
MacPherson says that the Maryborough or "Wide Bay
Blacks, whom he had a good opportunity of knowing, cer-
tainly believe in God, whom they call Birral,- and who lives
in the clouds beyond the sea; also in an Evil Spirit they call
Moontoon, who enters into the bodies of birds and other
creatures, and frightens them by night.
It is a custom of this tribe to strip the bodies of deceased
males of their skins, dry them, and carry them about for a
time. After the death of a man, the old men and women
commence singing a dirge some hours before daylight, asking
the deceased why he left them. The first sound they hear
whilst thus engaged, whether it be the rustling of a bough
or the cry of a bird or animal, they receive as his last fare-
well, and believe that his spirit, which till then had hovered
about them, has taken its departure. If the deceased has
been a bad character, he'is compelled to wander over rocky
mountains until all his earthly friends are dead, and that
with the last of them he is allowed to enter the spirit land.
MARYBOROUGH.
•137
When a male of good character dies, he is allowed to enter
the happy hunting-grounds at once, being first ferried over
the wide river which bounds it by two young women in
a bark canoe, one of whom subsequently becomes his
wife. The following are some of the words forwarded by
MacPherson : —
Breasts
nulla.
Brain -
na.
Back -
poondoor.
Tree -
to,
Backside
Stomach
Knee -
Heel -
moomoo.
tangoor.
pone.
tinangmoomoOj
i.e., foot back-
Scrub -
Plain -
Forest -
VaUey
toorg.
piro..
pompay.
nookoo.
side.
Hole -
nulla.
Stone or
Creek or
Water -
Uncle -
^nife
thigh
takky.
- tarang.
- koong.
- koomey.
Good -
Bad -
A strong man
kallangor.
wurrang.
kivir poota.
Relations
father's
on the
side
parang.
An. armed man
A sick man -
kungngoon,
tookongoor.
Relations
on the
palkoong.
A poet or maker o
yowarnoova
mother'
3 side
corroborees
138' THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 164.— A PORTION OF THE COUNTRY BETWEEN
BRISBANE AND GYMPIE.
By Richakd Westaway, Esq.
Of the Mooloola tribe, who inhabit some portion of the
country which lies between Brisbane and Gympie, I have,
received a very full account from Mr. Richard Westaway.
As, however, most of the statements made by my informant
refer to customs already often described in this work, I
shall merely insert a few extracts from Mr. Westaway's
paper.
In 1863, when the country of this tribe was first occupied
by the Whites, the Mooloola are thought to have numbered
300 persons; they are now reduced to 40 individuals. Mr.
Westaway is of opinion that one of the members of the tribe
who died lately must have been about ninety years of age
and his son seventy. This tribe color themselves red when
in mourning, white on occasions of corroboree, and red and
white when about to fight. Amongst their arms, which are
of the usual sorts, are the wommera and boomerang. For
carrying water they make bags of the leaf of a certain
sort of palm-tree which grows in their country. Men, when
in mourning, fast from all food except fish. One woman is
still alive strongly marked with small-pox, a disease which
we know ravaged the whole of the country in this neigh-
bourhood during the early days of our colonization. My
informant, who knows the tribe well, remarks that he has
often seen them skin dead men, eat of their flesh, and
deposit their bones, tied in a bundle, in a tree. As usual,
BETWEEN BRISBANE AND GYMPIE. 139
the girls become wives early. Mr. Westaway says, " I
knew Omian fifteen years ago; she was then a baby, and
now (1883) has a child nearly two years of age." Marriage
is exogamous, and wives are obtained in exchange for
sisters and daughters. The usual avoidance of mother-in-
law and son-in-law exists. The names of the dead are never
mentioned. Mothers used to bind round, at the second joint,
the little fingers of the left hands of their daughters when
about ten years old with the coarse spiders' webs of their
country, so as to stop circulation and cause the two joints to
drop off.
The whole of .Mr. Westaway's statements have reference
to the days when the Whites first knew the Mooloola tribe.
At present (1883) there is but little left amongst them of
original tribal customs.
140
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 164.— BETWEEN BRISBANE AND GYMPIE.
Bt Richaed Westaway, Esq.
It is noticeable that murree, which in many languages means a Black or
the Blacks, means kangaroo in this instance. The reader may compare
father and mocm, canoe and hark, sun and heat.
Kangaroo -
murree.
Hand -
-
Opossum
narambay, koroy.
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duok-
wata.
wata karoom.
orong.
nar.
3 Blacks ■
One -
Two -
- qualem.
- budlow.
Wood duck-
Three -
- kurwunda.
Pelican - . -
bowallam.
Pour -
- budlow-budlow
Laughing jackass
Pather
- baboon.
Native companion .
White cockatoo - qeeum.
Crow - - - wow-wa.
Mother
Sister-Elder
- abon.
- yabon.
Swan -
nering.
,, Younger
- nighbor.
Egg - - -
bom.
Brother-Elder
•
Track of a foot -
Pish -
Lobster
Crayfish
dinang.
murang.
„ Younger
A young man - budi.
An old man - winyear.
Mosquito -
boomba.
An old woman
- maroon.
Fly - - ■
dibing.
A baby
- wone.
Snake -
wangeye
A White man
- mathar.
The Blacks -
A Blaokf ellow •
A Black woman
than,
than,
earang.
Children
Head -
- kom.
(young)
Eye -
- me.
Nose -
- morrow.
Ear -
■ binang.
BETWEEN BRISBANE AND GYMPIE.
141
No. 164.— Between Brisbane and Gympie-
—continued.
Mouth or hole
- nudlar.
Boomerang -
- buranne.
Teeth
- tunga.
Hill -
.
Hair of the head - tudlow.
Wood-
_
Beard -
Thunder -
Grass
Tongue
- earanne.
- mumba.
- bon.
- donomme.
Stone
Camp -
Yes -
No - . -
I
- dokki.
- turra.
- gabie.
- attoo.
Stomach
Breasts
- dunong.
- among.
Thigh
Foot -
- turang.
- dinang.
You -
Bark -
• in.
- kumbar.
Bone -
- em.
Good -
- kulangoor.
Blood -
- kokki.
Bad -
- warong.
Skin -
-
Sweet -
- kulangoor.
Fat -
Bowela
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick
Shield- -
- marom.
- dunong.
- gunang.
- kry.
- goodar.
- koontanne.
Food -
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep
Drink
- kaudoo.
- ialo.
- tathin.
- bondoo.
- thow.
Tomahawk -
- mooyam.
Walk- -
- yango.
Canoe -
- keembar.
See -
- nunya,Tine.
Sun -
- orone.
Sit -
- ninaman.
Moon -
- baboon.
Yesterday -
-
Star -
- deari.
To-day
-
Light -
- unda.
To-morrow -
- nungo.
Dark -
-
Where are the wiiriTiea than ?
Cold -
- wolli.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- orone.
I don't know
-
Day -
-
Plenty
-
Night -
-
Big -
- weelnor.
Fire -
- geara.
Little - -
- tirna.
Water
- kong.
Dead -
- balonne.
Smoke
- wooloy.
By-and-by -
- bonawoppa.
Ground
- tha.
Come on
-
Wind-
- burra.
Milk -
- amung.
Rain -
- urung.
Baglehawk -
- unga.
God -
-
Wild turkey
- w-y-wong.
Ghosts
- mundur,
Wife -
.
142
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 164.— MOOLOOLA TRIBE.
Br W. Landsbokough, Esq.
Mr. Landaborough's account of the Mooloola tribe is so similar to Mr.
Westaway's that its insertion is unnecessary. In the vocabularies rendered
by these two gentlemen, however, some differences occur.
Kangaroo -
- murree.
Opossum -
- karooey.
Tame dog -
- kallaugoor (see
Good).
Wild dog -
- wotta korong.
Emu -
- orroon.
Black duck-
-
Wood duck-
- nar.
Pelican
- boolooworm.
Laughing jackass kowonga.
Native companion koondarang.
White cockatoo
- gayome.
Crow -
- woowa.
Swan -
- naerir.
Egg -
- baam.
Track of a foot
- dinang.
Fish -
- murung.
Lobster
• elli.
Crayfish
-
Mosquito -
- boonba.
Fly - -
- dabin.
Snake -
- wongi.
The Blacks -
- thun.
A Blackfellow
- thun.
A Black woman
- earang.
Nose -
- murroo.
Hand -
-■ berree.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
kallim.
Two -
- boodla.
Three -
- kurrwunda.
Four -
- bungul.
Father
- baaboon.
Mother
- abung.
Sister-Elder
- winneer yaboon.
,, Younger
- mybeer yaboon.
Brother-Elder
- nunun.
,, Younger yarung.
A young man
- butheye.
An old man
- winney.
An old woman
- marroon.
A baby
- ooing.
A White man
-
Children
- wallum bun-
ganne.
Head -
- kam.
Eye -
- me.
Ear -
- binnang,
BETWEEN BRISBANE AND 6YMPIE.
143
No. 164. — MooLOOLA Tribe — continmd
Mouth
- nudla.
Boomerang -
baranne.
Teeth -
- tunga.
Hill -
tunebar.
Hair of the hea(
- thudler.
Wood -
doo.
Beard -
- erang.
Stone -
kukki.
Thunder -
- moonba.
Camp -
turra.
Grass -
- ban.
Yes -
area.
Tongue
Stomach
- tanum.
- doon.
No - -
abay.
Breasts
- amoo.
I - ■ -
Thigh -
- taran.
You -
Foot -
- dinang.
Bark -
kumbar.
Bone -
- aime.
Good -
koolangoor.
Blood -
- kokey.
Bad -
warang.
Skin -
- gooure.
Sweet -
koolangoor.
Fat -
- marong.
Food -
wingoor.
Bowels
- dungan.
Hungry
kandoo.
Excrement -
- gunnang.
Thirsty
alloe.
War-spear -
- keeree.
Eat -
binadow.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
bando.
Wommera or
goothar.
Drink -
thoo.
throwing-stick
Shield -
- goodmurrim.
Walk -
yango.
Tomahawk
- mooem.
See -
- moginee..
Canoe -
- kumbur.
Sit -
- ninaman.
Sun -
- oron.
Yesterday -
- namba.
Moon -
- baboon.
To-day
- kuyungaiga. ■
Star -
- dirri.
To-morrow -
- numingo.
Light -
- unda.
Where are the
wunya thun ?
Dark -
- woon.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- worri.
I don't know
- kabeegay.
Heat -
- worringan.
Plenty
- binda, winure
Day -
-
Big -
- winure.
Night -
- woon.
Little -
- timari.
Fire -
- gera.
Dead -
- boolmotha.
Water
- kung.
Smoke
- oolooey.
By-aud-by -
- bunaywobba.
Ground
- da.
Come on
- ottaba.
Wiud -
- buranne.
Milk -
- omo.
Rain -
- yarung.
Eaglehawk -
- unga.
God -
-
Wild turkey
wawung.
Ghosts
- mundure.
Wife -
- malanmin.
144- THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 164.— GREAT SANDY OR ERASER'S ISLAND.
Received ekom Chief Commissionek of Police, Brisbane.
The following are the principal points in the description of
the Great Sandy Island tribes, forwarded to me by the Chief
Commissioner of Police at Brisbane.
This island, the aboriginal name of which is Thoorgine,
was first occupied by the Whites in 1849. At that time the
population, which was split into nineteen tribes, amounted
to about 2,000 souls, of whom 300 or 400 still (in 1879)
remain. This reduction in numbers is attributed by the
Chief Commissioner's informant to drink, venereal, and the
slaughter made by the Black Police.
Originally these people were quite naked. Their imple-
ments and ornaments differ in nothing from those so often
enumerated. Small-pox seems never to have reached them.
Cannibalism was practised, and still prevails to some extent,
the Karhi (or No tribe) having been frequently seen eating
human flesh. Polygamy prevails ; girls become wives at
about twelve years of age-, and mothers at thirteen. Infanti-
cide is common. The operation of scarring the skin they
call moolgarr. Circumcision is not known. Females have
amputated in youth the first joint of the little finger of
the right hand. The septum of the nose is pierced. As
usual, these tribes have doctors, who claim to make rain and
perform the other usual feats of conjurors. Their canoes-are
• sheets of bark, stripped from the ironbark-trees, and tied at
the ends. Their corroborees present no new features. Males
GREAT SANDY OR ERASER'S ISLAND. 145
of sixteen or eighteen years of age are admitted to the rank of
young men by means of certain secret ceremonies. The dead
are buried in the ground in the usual way. Message-sticks
are in use. In connection with these tribes I have received
four other communications, which it is not necessary to insert.
All of them give murree as the equivalent of hangaroo, and
distinct names for small-pox. The following remarks are
extracted from The. Town and Country newspaper of 5th
October, 1872 :—
" A private letter from the Eevd. B. Fuller, the devoted
Missionary at Eraser's Island, to a friend in Ipswich, has
been placed at the disposal of the Brisbane Courier. Mr.
Fuller gives an interesting account of the work of the
Mission, and gives an account of some of their prejudices and
superstitious notions. The mother-in-law must not look
upon her son-in-law at any time ; they believe that if she did
he would go mad, and would go and live in the bush like a
wild man. Consequently, when they all come together to
sing at school-time, after being taught in the classes, there
is great covering of heads by the women who happen to
have their sons-in-law there, and you will see them ' back-
ing ' into their places in a most laughable manner. The
son-in-law, at the same time, will roU himself up in his
blanket, or otherwise hide himself from his mother's gaze.
The young man will not sit down on the same stool or box,
or-, in fact, anywhere where a young woman has. been sitting
at any time. They imagine that the young man would
sicken and die. So that we have to have one form or stool
for the ladies and another for the gentlemen. The shadow
of young women, must not pass over the sleeping-places of
young men. If a schooner is passing the Mission about sun-
set, the natives will sometimes throw sand up into the air,
and blow with their mouths towards the sun, in order to
make the sun go under quickly, and thus compel the
schooner to come to an anchor for the night in the channel,
near the Mission, and enable them to get on board tobacco,
biscuits, &c., which the captains generally supply them with.
vol, ni. K
146 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
A man cannot marry a woman belonging to his own tribe^
and the children are supposed to belong to the ' mother's
tribe.' As a rule, the natives will not eat pork, but I cannot
get any of them to give a definite reason why they will not
eat it. It seems custom, handed down to them by their
forefathers, and, like nearly all their customs and supersti-
tious notions, they can merely say it is so, or such is the
case, &c. They are firm believers in ghosts ; and they assured
me that there are plenty in this island, and that they can be
seen at certain times. As a rule, they are frightened to go
down to the creek at night-time. They believe that there is
a devil {mellong), but they have no idea of a God. To give
you an idea how the natives have decreased in numbers,
since they have come in contact with Europeans, I may just
say — that on this island, which is about eighty-five miles
long by twelve broad, there are, I think, not more than 300
Blacks, and yet there are no less than nineteen distinct tribes.
But strong drink and disease, introduced among them by
ungodly White people, have made such havoc among them
that the tribal bond, in many instances, is almost obliterated,
and, like a few sheep left from many flocks, they amalga-
mate as a last resource. And, as regards chiefs, that title
has almost died out, the strongest man, or the greatest bully,
' takes upon himself ' to be No. 1. Although the aborigines
were not in the habit of smoking before the arrival of the
White man, yet now, since tobacco has been introduced
among them, they are great smokers — men, women, and
children. A little girl or boy about two or three years old
may be seen with a pipe in its mouth smoking tobacco; yet
they assure me that sometimes the mother will even take the
breast out of the child's mouth and put the pipe in. We do
not supply them with tobacco, but they manage to get it at
the townships and from the vessels passing. The pipe is
scarce ever out of their mouths when they are awake. And,
again, the Europeans not only supply them with packs of
cards, but also take the trouble to teach them how to play;
so that we not only have to preach Jesus to them, but also
GREAT SANDY OR ERASER'S ISLAND. 147
to preach against card playing, for they get so engrossed in
playing them that they will not leave their game to come to
school, and sometimes neglect their food. There are parts
and portions of the land which they lookupon as individually
theirs; on the death of the father it descends to the sons.
They are cannibals; they eat the young men when they die,
and the young women if they are fat. But cannibalism is
not so prevalent among them now as it was before the White
man came. When a person dies, they skin him (old men
and women excepted) ; the skin is dried, and carried about by
one of the relatives as a sort of charm. The bones and
other parts of the body are divided among the kinsfolk.
Sometimes they burn the body and carry the ashes about.
They believe that the spirits of the dead Blacks come up and
sometimes kill their enemies. They generally shift their
camp when one has died among them. We have a native
doctor here, who, they positively assert, has extracted rope,
stones, pieces of glass, &c., from natives that were sick; they
also affirm that he can fly up like a bird, and that he can go
in the earth here and come out again at some considerable
distance oif ; and they also say that they cannot kiQ him, and
that he will never die."
148
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 164.— FRASER'S ISLAND.
■ From the Chief Commissioneb of Police, Brisbane.
I should doubt the correctness of the translations of the words from elder
sister to old woman, inclusive.
Kangaroo -
koorooman.
Hand -
- birre.
Opossum
kooroy.
2 Blacks -
- tharn booUa.
Tame dog -
3 Blacks -
- tharn boppoor.
Wild dog -
watcher karome.
One -
- kalim.
Emu -
ngoorin.
Two -
- booUa.
Black duck -
ngarr.
Three -
- boppoor.
Wood duck-
Felican
Four -
- koorbuntar.
Laughing jackass-
greggoom.
Father
- baboon.
Native companion
koontoorgun.
Mother
- ubong.
White cockatoo -
giggoom.
Sister-Elder
- yaboon tummi.
Crow - - -
wahba.
Younger
- yaboon winye-
Swap -
year.
Egg -
paam.
Brother-Elder
-
Track of a foot -
„ Younger
Fish -
untire.
A young man
- tharn wa nunye
Lobster
An old man
- nunye tharn.
Crayfish _ -
Mosquito -
teebing.
An old woman
A baby
- nunye yeargun.
Fly - - -
oro-oro.
- woorgoo.
Snake - - -
wongi.
A White man
- muthare.
The Blacks -
gibere or tharn.
Children -
- ogoyue.
A Blackf ellow -
tharnabo.
Head -. -
- karm.
A Black woman -
yeargun,
Eye -
- me.
Nose -
moorol.
Ear -
- binnung.
GBEAT SANDY OR FRASER'S ISLAND.
149
No. 164.— Feaser'e
IsLAUD — continued.
Mouth - - tungare.
Teeth - - illing.
Hair of the head - booroompore.
Beard - - - yaring.
Thunder - - booroonkine.
Grass - - -
Boomerang -
Hill -
Wood -
Stone -
Camp -
- burrgum.
- yare.
- thorr.
- duoko or mooloo.
- tharrmo.
Tongue
Stomach
- thoneoom.
Yes -
No -
- wy.
- karbi.
Breasts
Thigh
- umoong.
- thurrer.
I
You -
- atchu.
- eando.
Foot -
- thinna.
Bark -
- pibing.
Bone
- moondoo.
Good - -
- guUungore.
Blood -
- gucke.
Bad -
- wurrung.
Skin -
-
Sweet -
- kellarore.
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick
- murroom.
- tookoo.,
- koonnung.
- guni.
- belar-guni.
Food -
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep -
- thumunr.
• - karnohoo.
- yeppeguia.
- thirtkan.
- boowon.
Shield
- koonmerri.
Drink -
-
Tomahawk -
- moorgeam.
Walk -
- tharga'na.
Canoe -
- kooloro.
See -
- nioyen.
Sun -
- thirroom.
Sit -
- yeanmom.
Moon -
- babbooyin.
Yesterday -
-
Star -
- deri.
To-day
- oorooner.
Light -
- ooroonter.
To-morrow -
- barunker.
Dark -
- wooinbum.
Where are
ihe tharn woncher ?
Cold -
- wolli.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- murrgee.
I don't know
- wungumba.
Day -
- ooroonter.
Plenty
- wingore.
Night -
- wooinbum.
Big - -
- wingore.
Fire -
- kirrar.
Little -
- tumurrermy.
Water
- koong.
Dead -
- barloyin.
Smoke
-
By-and-by -
- bunna-bunna.
Ground
- tharr.
Come on
- barga.
Wind -
- booran.
Milk -
- ummoo.
Rain -
- wroom.
Eaglehawk -
- biggoo.
God - -
-
Wild turkey
- yam or woggoon
Ghosts
-.
Wife -
- melelbir.
150
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 165.— UPPER BURNETT RIVER, MOUNT
DEBATEABLE, AND GAYNDAH.
By Robert C. Riley, Esq., and Montagu Cube, Esq.
Of the language spoken at the places mentioned above, I
have received four specimens — one from R. 0. Riley, Esq.,
a second from my brother, Montagu Curr, Esq., and two
others from gentlemen who have not sent me their names.
All of these agree so well that it is only necessary to insert
one of them. It will be noticed in this vocabulary that there
is but one word to express head and hair. I don't know is
rendered no I; also wife and woman are expressed by the
same word.
No. 165.— UPPER BURNETT RIVER, MOUNT DEBATEABLE,
AND GAYNDAH.
By RoBi
3RT 0. Riley, Esq.
AND MONTAOU CuRB, ESQ.
Kangaroo -
booroo.
Hand -
- peeroo, birroo.
Opossum
dthelul.
2 Blacks -
- dthan booUa.
Tame dog. -
mirri or merri.
3 Blacks -
.
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
karoom.
moa, moabang. .
naap.
One -
Two -
- noola, noolang.
- booUa.
Wood duck -
Three -
- boolangoola or
Pelican
Laughing" jackass
wongi.
karkungoon.
Four -
noolangbooUa.
Native companion
daroo.
Father
- papa, papilum.
White cockatoo .
gair-gair.
Mother
- yoo, ya
Crow -
wong.
Sister-Elder
- watchim.
Swan - - -
goloin.
„ Younger
- kakure.
Egg -
dile.
Brother-Elder
- dtchar.
Track of a foot
dthumpool.
,, Younger tapil.
Pish -
Lobster
Crayfish
goorole.
kakiue.
A young man
An old man-
- gippar.
- goorawel.
An old woman
- mookine.
Mosquito -
moongoroo.
Fly -
dthippin.
A baby
- dappil.
Snake -
tuppoo.
A White man
- woo.
The Blacks -
dthan, marree.
Children -
- dappilwarra.
A Blackfellow
dthan.
Head -
- warrole.
A Black woman -
raooni.
Eye -
- meel.
Nose -
mooroo.
Ear -
- binna.
UPPER BURNETT RIVER, ETC.
151
No. 165. — Upper Buenett Rivek, Mount Dbbateablb, and
Gayndah — continued.
Mouth
kaam.
Boomerang -
bookan.
Teeth -
- deera.
Hill -
wontoo.
Hair of the head
warrole.
Wood -
dalline.
Beard -
- yerrbi, unbay.
Stone -
tukkeel.
Thunder -
- boowoomga.
Camp -
waibay.
Grass -
- baan.
Yes - -
yo-i.
Tongue
- dthunome.
No -
korang, goorang.
Stomach
- mappoo.
I
atchoOj yeen.
Breasts
- maam, mam.
You -
ngini, kuga.
Thigh
- darra, bee.
Bark -
doora.
Foot -
- dinna.
Good -
kuUungul.
Bone -
- digarl.
Bad -
worrang.
Blood -
- dee.
Sweet ■
toorn.
Skin -
- uline. ■
Food -
- daingole, jalm.
Fat -
- bulgi.
■ Hungry
- dookalli.
Bowels
- koona tenta.
Excrement -
- koona, kun,
Thirsty • -
- iditalgo, nango.
War-spear -
- kunni.
Eat -
- jalm-dalgo ?
Reed-spear -
Sleep -
koonim.
Throwing-stiok
- mokko, makkoo.
Drink -
- goong-dalgo.
Shield - -
- goodmarri, kole-
Walk -
- bego.
marri.
See -
Tomahawk -
- boorgoo.
Sit -
- giname.
Canoe -
- kundool.
Yesterday -
- wurrung.
Sun -
- kinmine.
To-day
- kalooroo.
Moon - ,
- alloolum.
To-morrow -
- karngo.
Star -
- tookoongul.
Where are the
winthalla dthan
Light -
-
Blacks ?
Dark -
- mean.
Cold ■
- yittoon.
I don't know
- goorang atchu.
Heat -
-
Plenty
- Walloon.
Day -
- allara, tookim.
Big -
- yingarra
Night -
- mean.
Little -
- goonine.
Fire -
- moon, oone.
Dead -
- boontin.
Water
- goong.
By-and-by -
- gurra.
Smoke
- boolim.
Come on
- beye, yunua.
Ground
- dthow, jaow.
Milk -
- mam.
Wiad -
Rain -
- ban.
- boonoo.
Eaglehawk -
- guUia.
God -
_
Wild turkey
- wakoon.
Ghosts
- barriumne.
Wife -
- ■ mooni.
152 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 166.— MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA
COUNTRY.
By John Mathew, Esq., M.A.
The watershed of tlie Mary River would serve as a rough
boundary to enclose the territory occupied by the aborigines
who call themselves and their language Kabz, this word
being their commonest negative. The people throughout
this area cannot, however, be regarded as of one compact
tribe. They are split up into several sections or small tribes,
speaking dialects which exhibit marked differences, but do
not vary to the extent of making the speech of one section
unintelligible to a native of another.
In this treatise the name Kabe is restricted to one of
these small tribes and its dialect ; to that, namely, which
possessed a tract in the heart of the Bunya country.
■ Its territory embraced the Manumbar Run in the south-
west corner of the Burnett District, the country watered by
the Amamoor and Koondangoor Creeks, tributaries of the
Mary River, and the Imbil Station. While this was the
peculiar inheritance of the tribe, it had access to the land all
round, and was very closely allied to the natives on the .
north, south, and east especially.
Murudhalin, the leading man in the district here called
Kabe, declared to me that the Kab? country proper reached
to the coast, and as far south as Mooloolah and Durundur.
MARY RIVER AND BUNyA BUNYA COUNTRY. 153
Since. 1865, the tribe has been rapidly dwindling away.
In 1881 it did not comprise a score of individuals, and
the few survivors rarely visited their old haunts, but
hung about the neighbouring diggings. There T^ere, in
1865, three or four people who appeared to be of great
age, notably one woman who required to be carried about,
and was tenderly cared for ; now there is none very old.
The mortality among children has been quite as great
as among adults. Lung dis'eases were prevalent thirty
years ago, before the influence of White men had been much
felt. A slow consumption, rheumatism, and indigestion
may fairly be considered as inherent in the tribe. Since
contact with White people, the effects of these complaints
have been greatly aggravated ; strong drink and prostitution
have undermined constitutions naturally robust, and made
them an easy prey to concomitant diseases. On the opening
of diggings in the neighbourhood, the demoralization of
the Kabi natives increased terribly, and mortality with it.
In the stature of both sexes there is great variation.
The height of the men is from five feet to six feet, and
of the women from four feet six inches to five feet six
inches. The average height of the men is about five feet
six "inches, and of the women five feet.
■ Both sexes are well proportioned, wiry, with good muscle,
but rarely show superfiuous fiesh.
The hair, with few exceptions, is jet black, generally
lank, occasionally wavy or curly, and there were one or two
cases of woolly hair. Children's hair was often brown; one
boy had yellow hair which gradually became brown. The
color of the infant's skin is a light copper, but the lapse of
years and frequent coatings of grease and charcoal gradually
make it a dark-brown. In the native opinion, the blacker
the skin the more beautiful. The men grow bushy curly
whiskers and a strong moustache. On the breast and limbs
there is not much hair. The cast of features is considerably
varied. Generally the forehead is low and narrow, the nose
154 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
big and flat, the mouth large, the lips thick, cheek-bones
pretty high, the face oval, the chin small and retreating.
The eyes are always black and- generally large.
In most cases the eyebrows are shaggy and prominent.
Sometimes the eyes are deeply sunk, but sometimes rather
prominent. In several cases the forehead was high and
smooth, but narrow; the nose, although coarse, was straight
and not flat, and the mouth of moderate size. In all cases
the teeth are large, white, and regular ; toothache, notwith-
standing, is prevalent. The bones are small, the wrists and
ankles particularly fine. Both sexes are exceedingly agile,
and very strong in proportion to their weight. There were
no Albinos in the tribe. There were two near-sighted men,
and one totally deaf and dumb. There were at least two
cases of deformity at birth, both males. One of these had
only four toes on one foot. It is worth noting that this youth
was Kab? only on the mother's side. He lived with the Kab?
people, but called himself Waka Waka after the tribe to which
his father had belonged. The other case of deformity was
very remarkable. This boy had the left arm perfect, but in
the place of the right arm there was a fleshy and cartilagin-
ous member, about six' inches in length, proportioned like
an infant's arm (from the elbow to the wrist) and terminat-
ing in what resembled a foreflnger and a thumb, each having
a small nail. The whole limb was plump and healthy, and,
although it appeared to be destitute of perfect joints, the
boy could grasp with the finger and thumb. This lad, named
Walare'an, was one of twins ; the other twin was a girl, and
was said to have been kiUed by her mother, the curiosity
being kept in preference. Doubtless, his sex saved him.
The mother, be it remarked, was a little woman, and had lost
the first joint of one of her little fingers, which had probably
been cut off purposely.
In the Kabe character there were many elements which,
developed and trained, would have made the possessors very
respectable ; but there was a lamentable lack of mill, and
MARY RIVER AOT) BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 155
this backbone wanting, all the other parts of the moral
character got deranged and fell to pieces under very slight
pressure. They thus made fair children, but very poor men.
Some of them were very honest, truthful, and trustworthy,
excepting under strong temptation. All were sympathetic
and affectionate. Parents were fondly attached to their off-
spring ; that is, after the mother had determined to rear the
child ; and they were indulgent to an extraordinary degree.
Children were rarely chastised at all, and never severely.
They fully reciprocated their parents', affection. Infanticide
was common enough, and male children were probably pre-
served in preference to females. Both sexes in childhood
were treated with equal attention and tenderness. As illus-
trating fiUal affection, I may mention the case of a boy who
had travelled to a distance manifesting his regard for his
parents by sending them a pound note by post.
The Kab? people exhibit considerable courage, but of so
flashy a nature that it might more fitly be termed bounce.
They are light-hearted, good-humoured, and do not long
harbor resentment. They are, however, subject to violent
bursts of passion, during which they often inflict serious
injury upon one another. In judgment they are very de-
ficient, and their minds seem unfitted for sustained exertion.
They are all keen observers, and have a propensity for
mimicry, but little talent for mechanical imitation. They
are vain and fond of approbation. Two or three appeared to
be weak in intellect.
Rugs were made generally of 'possum skins, sewn together
with sinews taken from the kangaroo's tail. When procur-
able, the soft bark of the ti-tree was also used as a covering.
In warm weather the natives went perfectly nude. Their
skin rugs were rudely ornamented on the under side. By
scratching with stones curved lines were made, and also poor
representations of emus' feet.
These lines were colored with red clay, and two were
generally made on one 'possum skin. The chief ornament
156 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
they seem to have worn was a piece of sea-shell of elliptical
shape. A hole being pierced in one end, a string was passed
through, and the shell hung from the neck. I have seen
narrow bands, whitened with pipe-clay, worn like chaplets on
the head, but am not sure whether the practice was followed
before contact with White people. I have also seen short
bits of reeds strung like beads, and worn. Males had their
bodies scarred for ornamentation. No particular time of life
seemed fixed for this practice. It was done little by little,
and, apparently, at the option of the person to be cicatrized.
I saw the operation being performed on a youth about eight-
een or twenty years of age by his mother. Only three or
four incisions were made on that occasion. These incisions
were deepest on the back. On the trunk they are niade
horizontal; on the arms they are perpendicular, and are
made only above the elbow. The scars are called mwlar;
they are from one to three inches in length, and arranged in
rows. The women also scar their bodies; but, apparently,
only to express deep sorrow on the occasion of a death. In
the males the septum of the nose is sometimes pierced, but
no ornament is worn in the hole.
They frequently anoint themselves with grease and
charcoal; and at man-making, corroborees, and fights, the
body js smeared with thick lines of red and white clay.
Fur from the tail of the flying squirrel was twisted
into thread, with which they netted bags, making the
meshes large or small according to the purpose for which
the bags were required. They also made small bags by
' platting thin narrow strips of cabbage-tree, tough grass,
or the inner bark of the currajong-tree. Such bags were
usually carried by a string passing over one shoulder, like a
school-boy's satchel, and were depositories of their valuables,
such as bits of string, shells, sharp stones, and relics of the
dead.
The tomahawks which were in use were made of a bluish
stone, like serpentine. Their length was five or six inches,
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 157
their breadth about three inches, their greatest thickness
about an inch and a half; in shape they resembled an
imperfect ellipse. They were sharpened at one end only. A
piece of wood, slit at the end, formed the handle. The stone
head was made fast in the slit by means of cords and the
resin of the grass-tree. For knives they had sharp stones.
They had pieces of freestone for rubbing skins and dressing
their weapons. For the latter purpose they also employed
the shells of a large species of slug. The women kept a
supply of sticks for the purpose of digging yams. These
yam-sticks were about five feet long, one and a half inches
thick, and sharp at both ends. They were also the weapons
used in feminine combats, on which occasions the sticks were
grasped and used like single-sticks. Another most important
implement was a vine, to assist in climbing trees. It was
procured in the scrubs. The bark of it was rough, and nodes
of very small size showed at intervals of two or three feet.
The length of a vine in use would be ten or twelve feet, the
thickness about three-quarters of an inch. At one end a
loop was made, by first making a loose single knot and
then twining the end a couple of times through the loop.
When an ascent was to be made, the loop was held in the
left hand; the other end, having been slipped round the
tree, was generally allowed to pass behind the climber,
who, with his right hand, grasped the vine at such a
distance from the loop held in his left as when he leant
back would allow his body to form with the tree an angle of
about 45°. Simultaneously, with every step the climber took,
the vine was moved up the tree. In this manner an expert
could ascend a tree at a brisk walk, and take paces as long as
if walking on the ground. Where a large tree forked, the
practice was difficult and perilous ; the vine being liable to
slip, it became necessary in such situations for the native to
pass the hanging end of the vine into his left hand, thus
forming a hoop, upon which his back could rest while the
right hand was free to cut notches for the feet with the
158 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
tomaliawk. In this manner, at any height along the stem,
the climber could support himself and use his tomahawk. In
an emergency, I have seen a light ironbark sapling supply
the place of a vine.
The spears were generally of ironbark, and in length
varying from seven to nine feet. Commonly, they were just
the simple piece of wood, with no throwing-stick, but
occasionally had one barb. These were not carved. The
clubs, or kuthar, were about two and a half feet long. The
end held in the hand was about an inch thick, and jagged to
prevent slipping. From this end it thickened for a distance
of two feet, where it would be two or three inches through,
thence it tapered to a sharp point. At the thickest part it
was frequently carved into rings of prominences, each about
half an inch square. With the plain ones the youths played
a game, in which the object was to throw the weapon so as
to make it bound off the ground for a few yards, and then on
alighting slide along the grass head foremost in a straight
line. The kuthar was the chief hunting weapon, and was
also the principal weapon in hand-to-hand combats.
Of boomerangs they had two kinds ; one returned when
thrown, the other did not. Whether the weapon would
return or not seemed the effect of chance, and not design, in
the construction, for, without a trial, they seemed unable to
tell which kind the weapon was, and the end to be held was
indicated by a few scratches at the very extremity. In
Kabe the boomerang is called boran, a word closely resem-
bling bwran, the mind. Another weapon, much like a
boomerang, but in shape almost rectangular, was used for
close fighting. It does not seem to have been thrown.
They had shields called helemon, and also from the tree of
which they were made k^nmarim. This tree was a species of
currajong, and its wood very soft when green, but becoming
harder and tougher when dry. The shields were of elliptical
shape, about two feet long by fourteen inches broad, and
about four inches through at the thickest part. In the
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 159
centre of tlie back a hole was scooped, sufficiently large to
allow the hand to pass under a longitudinal bar, which was
left uncut, and formed the handle. The exterior was
smeared with clay of various colors, and sometimes had a
mark of ownership carved on it. On old shields, many dints
of spears and waddies could be seen. Indeed, in single
combat, the thuds on the shield were loud and frequent, and
j'^et they seemed to break but rarely. Not only did the
warrior protect the upper part of his body, but when his feet
were threatened he leaped up and covered them with the
shield at the same time.
There was hardly any animal, from a human being to a
giant fly, that was not considered wholesome and lawful
food to the elder men of the tribe. To minors, certain
animals were proscribed as mundha. In certain seasons,
and on certain occasions, the women had to abstain from
some kinds of food, which were also said to be mundha.
In the bunya season of 1875-76, bunyas were mundha
to the females. The food prohibited to minors is porcu-
pine, snakes, eels, fresh-water fish, kangaroo injured in
the chase, the eggs of the emu and, scrub turkey, and the
flying fox. Indulgence in forbidden food is supposed to be
punished with sickness and cancerous sores. A practice
called Narm is incumbent upon bereaved persons. This is
mourning by fasting. The women will frequently beg for
meat from White people, on the plea that they are compelled
to fast from the. flesh of the native animals. That the Kab?
people were cannibals is certain. Individuals, ashamed to
confess themselves anthropophagi, are ready enough to tell you
that somebody else relished human fl'esh. The victims who
fell in war seem to have been invariably eaten. If there was
any flesh on the bones of those who died from natural causes
it did not go to waste; and I have heard even of a child who,
having fattened, was devoured. The dingo contributed his
share to the Kabz feast. A very delicate morsel was a grub
called bu'ruga, from three to six inches long and half an
160 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
incli thick, cut out of young gum-trees. The writer can
recommend this as excellent eating when roasted; raw, it
is rather insipid and watery. It was not a very pleasant
sight to see a Black woman divest of wings and legs the
gigantic fly (the cicala), and then gobble it up alive.
Mesh was not objected to raw, but if time permitted it
was invariably roasted on the embers. The family did not
wait until the joint was cooked to the centre. When the heat
had penetrated an inch or so, paterfamilias took up the joint
and had a few bites. It was then handed round until the
half-roasted part was finished, when the remainder was
exposed to the fire for a few minutes and thereafter passed
round again. They do not appear to have used ovens.
Honey, the product of the native bees, was a favorite
article of diet. There were two varieties, giYla. and ka'wai.
The former was the more common, and the latter the more
esteemed. In the appearance of the bees there is very little
difference. Both sorts are much Like a house-fly in color,
but about half as large. They make a buzz just audible.
The envelope containing the honey is like a cluster of small
bags, of irregular size and shape. Gd'la is often very thin,
and both sorts, I believe, have a sourish fermented taste if
the hive be exposed to the sim. Ka'wai more resembles the
honey of our domestic bee, but is not equal to it in flavor.
The aboriginal method of eating honey, although to European
taste somewhat repulsive, is at least frugal and ingenious,
and was, no doubt, the best they could adopt, when they
possessed no vessels in which they could carry the semi-
liquid nectar. The inner bark of a tree having much bast
tissue was procured. " A piece of this, about two feet square,
having. been rubbed and softened, was smeared with the
honey, which it partly absorbed. The treat was to suck and
chew this honeyed bark, and, like the joint already spoken of,
it was eagerly clutched at by all the company in turn, passed
from one mouth to another, and when sucked dry was dipped
in the honey for farther sucking and chewing.
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 161
For vegetable food they used the roots of ferns, a kind of
yam, the budding leaves of a species of palm-tree, the root of
a plant common about the creeks, and the seeds found in the
scales of the cones of the bunya-tree. The plant found about
the margins of watercourses resembled, in the shape of its
leaf, the lily of the Nile, and was probably a lily. The root
had to be pounded before use, as the juice was extremely
pungent.
But by far the most important and most valued vegetable
product was the bunya. The bunya-tree, or Araucaria Bid-
willii, is a very conspicuous ornament of the scrubs in the
Kabz country, and, by its dome-shaped crown, can be dis-
tinguished from the surrounding trees at a great distance.
The cones, when full-grown, are fourteen to sixteen inches in
length, and at the thickest part about nine inches through.
The edible portions, the seeds, or ovules rather, are an inch or
an inch and a half long, and about half an inch thick. Their
tissue much resembles that of a potato. They are of conical
shape, covered with a tough envelope, and are found one on
each scale. When the cone is young, the edible portions are
juicy and sweet, and are eaten entire and raw. As the seed
matures, and the embryo assumes a definite form, the sur-
rounding tissue becomes drier and less palatable ; the embryo
is then rejected. When matured, the natives prefer to roast
the nut-like seed. Before being roasted, each seed is partially
bruised with a stone, and when it has been in the fire for a
minute or two it gives a crack, the signal that it is cooked.
These kernels are also pounded into a kind of meal, called
maNM, and eaten in that form. In laying up a store of
bunyas, the Blacks exhibited an unusual foresight. While
the fruit was in season, they filled netted bags with the seeds,
and buried them generally about the beds of creeks, to be
ready for use. when the season was long past. Bunyas that
had lain for months underground had, when taken up, a
most offensive smell, which they imparted to all that came
in contact with them. Nevertheless, the Blacks ate them
VOL III, L
162 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
with great relish. In some seasons, the yield was very scant.
At the prospect of an abundant yield, tribes would come the
distance of a hundred miles to feast upon the bunya, and to
finish up the feasting with fighting.
The Ksbhi tribe had no recognized chief. Courage, intelli-
gence, and seniority gave a preponderating influence to their
possessors.
There were two or three men in the tribe, about equal in
power, who directed the movements of the whole, controlled
the relations with neighbouring tribes, took care that estab-
lished customs should not be infringed, and exercised a
fatherly interest in domestic matters. They were men of
acknowledged courage, whose influence and prowess seemed
both hereditary. One of them would, as a rule, espouse the
cause of a weaker brother who was being maltreated. Pro-
perty such as they possfesssd was respected. If a man found
a bees' nest, and did not wish to rob it for some time, he
would. mark the tree by pulling up the grass around the base,
placing sticks against it, and so forth. It was a crime to
rob a nest thus indicated. Quarrels were settled mostly by
the arbitrament of the kuthar or club.
For the regulation of marriages, each person in the tribe
bore one of the -four names— BaraN, Balkun, DhErwEu,
Bonda. There was also a name, Bandhur, which was, how-
ever, rarely used. The practice with reference to these names
seemed to be that the names of children depended directly
on the mother's name in &^a^ marriages ; that a BaraN ought
not to marry a Balkun, nor a DhErwEn a Bonda, but a BaraN
or a Balkun could marry either a DhErwEn or a Bonda.
Then, if a man, a BaraN, married a Bonda, the children were
DhErwEn; if he married a DhErwEn, the children were
Bonda. Like results followed when a Balkun married a
Bonda or DhErwEn. In the case of a man, being a DhErwEn,
he married either a BaraN, and the children were Balkun, or
a Balkun, and the children were BaraN. Like results fol-
lowed on a Bonda marrying a BaraN or a Balkun. Bandhur
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 163
seemed to be a synonyme for DhErwEn. A table will more
clearly indicate the relations of tbese names : —
Males.
Females.
Children.
BaraN marries -
C Bonda
-j or
(DhErwEn
- DhErwEn,
- Bonda.
Balkun marries
C DhErwEn
- < or
C Bonda
- Bonda.
- DhErwEn.
DhErwEn marries -
f BaraN
- •< or
i Balkun -
- Balkun.
- BaraN.
Bonda marries
f Balkun -
- i or
(BaraN
- BaraN.
- Balkun.
These restrictions have been more exactly stated to me
thus by the best Kabe authority: —
BaraN marries DhErwEn, the child is Bonda.
Balkun marries Bonda, the child is DhsrwEn.
DhErwEn marries Balkun, the child is BaraN.
Bonda marries BaraN, the child is Balkun.
It was a favorite practice to address one another by matri-
monial instead of proper names. The regulations indicated
above were frequently disregarded.
If, contrary to the rules, both parents were of one name,
the children took the same name; and if BaraN and Balkun
or Bonda and DhErwfin intermarried, the children received
the name they would have got had the father married legiti-
mately. These names were, with slight variations, common
to the surrounding tribes. Marriages generally took place
with members of adjacent and closely allied tribes. Betroth-
als at a very early age are customary. Youths would
exchange sisters when they could, but the elders generally
appropriated the young women. It was criminal for a son-
in-law and mother-in-law to look at one another. If they
happened to ■ meet by chance, they turned away their faces..
Elopements were common, and, under whatever circum-
stances, always entailed a combat between the husband, or
guardian, and the lover. ' If the latter proved himself a
doughty combatant, the woman became his wife. Bigamy
L 2
164 • THE AUSTRALIA]!^ RACE :
was common. In cases of bigamy, the two women seemed
to agree well and shared the domestic duties. In quarrels,
husbands occasionally beat their wives cruelly from head to
foot. I have known a wife to receive a fracture of the skull
in a quarrel with her husband, and to become reconciled to
him a day or two. after. The females were married at a
tender age, probably at about fourteen years. Owing to the
practice of infanticide, it would be difficult to say what
number of children a woman bore, but the average was pro-
bably five. In one instance there must have been an interval
of about sixteen years between the births of an oldest and
youngest child. Infants seem to have been put out of the
way by mothers, to escape the trouble of rearing them.
Some women lightly confessed to having killed several
children. The practice was doubtless an ancient one.
Ordinarily, children belonged to the father's tribe, but when
the father died before the children had passed the age of ten
or twelve, the mother returned to her own tribe, taking
her children along with her, and the inference is that the
children became attached to it.
Widows, after a period of mourning, received another
husband. .
The inherent diseases have already been mentioned,
viz.: — Rheumatism, indigestion, and pulmonary complaints.
The first two were rarely chronic. Lung disease aj)peared
in severe colds and coughs, terminating in emaciation and
death. I saw one case of dropsy and asthma combined, two
men bore marks of small-pox, and syphilis had left unmis-
takable traces on the face of one. They had no idea of the
causes of internal complaints, but attributed all sickness to
the malevolence of another aborigine. A pain was supposed
to be the result of a blow with a pebble thrown by an enemy.
A manNMr, or doctor, would suck the aching part and profess
to extract the pebble, or otherwise would pretend to take
blood from it in the following manner:— The manKwr is
provided with a long cord made of fur, and a vessel contain-
ing some water. One end of the cord is fastened round the
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 165
body of the sick person immediately over the seat of pain,
the other end lies in the water. The manNwr, who is seated
between the patient and the water-vessel, holds the cord
about th-e middle with both hands, and rubs it backwards
and forwards across his gums, causing them to bleed. As
the saliva and blood accumulate, the mixture is spit into
the vessel. This process is gone through in a slow, deliberate
fashion, until the water in the vessel is quite discolored.
The blood in the frothy liquid is supposed to have been
drawn from the patient, who drinks the contents of the
vessel and expresses himself relieved by the operation and the
potion. However incredible the above description may seem,
it is quite true ; the writer has seen the bleeding in process.
Wounds were often plastered with clay, but sometimes
Nature wag left to do all the healing herself. In cases of
bruises, sores, or boils on the limbs, a ligature was fastened
two or three inches above the part affected to check circula-
tion. Mange, evidently caught from the dogs, was not
uncommon. They had a peculiar and disgusting method of
dealing with it. One person, using a short pointed stick,
would very patiently prick the pustules all over the body of
the sufferer. The counter irritation must have afforded
temporary relief. For headache, a band was generally fas-
tened tightly round the temples. Fractured bones knitted
with wonderful rapidity. In one instance, a boy got his
collar-bone broken, and in three days it neither impeded his
movements, nor did it seem to trouble him at all.
On the occurrence of a death, the wailing was horrible to
listen to. The general cry was " Nadha Nadha m^min
mimin wuthwN NanuNgai balomathz gindi " ; then followed
unearthly inarticulate wails.
The meaning of the first four words seems to have been
unknown; the last four mean my brother (in some cases
father, &c.) is dead I "Women cut themselves from head to
foot. The incisions were about an inch in length, and suffi-
ciently deep to cause a copious flow of blood, which was
allowed to dry on the skin, and was not washed off.
166 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
The whole camp joined in the lamentation, the sincerity
of which was gauged by its length and loudness. Every one
who cried was considered to pay a great compliment to the
bereaved friends. The latter were considered base and
ungrateful if they should afterwards injure any one who had
joined vehemently in the wailing. Q-enerally relics of the
dead were preserved, such as the knee-caps, the bones of the
toes, the whole skin, or a part of it. Fleshy parts of the
body were eaten. Logs were placed on the surface of the
ground at one side or other of the grave. I have been told
that these indicated the number of brothers surviving the
deceased, the position of the logs relatively to the grave
pointing out the direction in which the surviving brothers
lived. Near female relatives of the departed tied small tufts
of emu feathers to the locks of their hair all over the head.
These were the signs of mourning, and were allowed to
remain on the head until they gradually dropped off. Rela-
tives fasted for several weeks. Crying was kept up every
night for a few weeks, and thereafter on occasional nights
for a month or two. Names of dead persons were never
uttered. To utter them was to bring about great evil, pro-
bably to both the dead and the living. Deaths were ascribed
to the influence of a member of some neighbouring tribe, and
were often avenged by fights.
Two names — dhur, a ring, and kzvar ysNga, or man-
making — appear to have applied to one and the same cere-
mony. The young men of the present generation have not
been subjected to the ordeal, and they have only a very vague
idea of what it is like. About some of their practices, of
which the man-making is one, the Blacks seem disinclined
to give much information, or the information given is not
very reliable. The proceedings at the kzvar yBNga have been
described to me to be as follows : — The young men and women
are reddened with ochre and excluded from the camp. Elders,
called kamaran {head-men), are appointed to direct the cere-
mony. The young people of both sexes are allowed to camp
near each other, but no intercourse is permitted. They are
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 167
closely watched, and the slightest levity is punished. By
all accounts the restraint placed upon them is very severe.
The young people call out, "Nudha Nudha Nudha Nudha
mma mma ka." My informant did not know the meaning of
these words, hence they are probably corrupted. As they
are repeated very frequently during the ceremony, they seem
to be regarded as a charm. Mma is very likely an interro-
gative.
On the first day there is a great corroboree among the
elders. At night the mundha, or prohibited food, is handed
round for inspection among the young people who are fasting.
On the second day the young people are washed. The hair
is shaved off all parts of the body but the head. The youths
join hands and march about a fire, the maidens doing the
same at another fire. On successive nights various devices
are resorted to for the purpose of terrifying the young people.
One of these was making a hole in the ground into which
one of the old men went, and, by grim personations of
animals, made himself as hideous as possible. Sham-fighting
also took place.
At last, on the sixth day, there is the wamaran, or gather-
ing of all the Blacks, young and old, around three fires. A
kind of roll-call is then gone through, each young person
calling " kai Nai," — " here am I," in response to their names.
The young men are asked in turn if they would like to have
a wife, and reply in the affirmative. At night the married
women take charge of the young men, the married men
camping by themselves, and the ceremony is over. Circum-
cision was not practised, nor any mutilation.
The corroborees, or " yauar," as the Kabz people call
them, fall naturally into two classes, the dramatic and the
lyric. When a grand or dramatic corroboree had been com-
posed, the poet trained the members of his own tribe to
produce it. The intelligence that a new corroboree had been
composed was received with pleasurable excitement by the
surrounding tribes, and in due course gatherings were
convened, at which it was performed. The poet having
168 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
introduced his work to the neighbouring tribes, these in turn
invited their allies to witness it and aid in the performance.
In this manner a corroboree travelled, and was sung with
great enthusiasm where not a word of it was intelligible. The
dramatic part in these performances was sometimes very
considerable. The story of the drama appears to have been
exceedingly short and simple, and occasionally full of excite-
ment. The representations were rarely free from obscenity,
and on some occasions indecent gestures were the main parts
of the action. I have seen a structure formed of huge forked
sticks placed upright in the ground, the forks upwards, with
saplings reaching from fork to fork, and boughs laid over
all. This building was part of the machinery for a cor-
roboree, at a certain stage of which the males, who were
located on the roof, rushed down among the females, who
were underneath, and handled them licentiously. One cor-
roboree I saw performed as follows: — The females sat in the
foreground near a number of fires. There were about a
hundred and fifty performers, all males, disposed in several
bands. They formed in rows in the background, and advanced
very slowly towards the fires. The composer led the front
rank, and was conspicuous by the loudness of his voice and
the animation of his gestures. The bodies of all were
smeared with red and white clay, and as nearly as possible
after the same fashion. Bach held a kuthar (club) in the
right hand. There was an amazing simultaneousness of
action, and excellent time was beaten with the feet. During
the whole representation the women beat time. ' Each sat
with her thighs close together, and beat upon the hollow
thus formed with both her hands open, the fingers of the
one passing obliquely over those of the other. Every one
seemed intensely delighted. Near the close the performers
placed the left hand on the side of their head, and bending
to the left as one man, leant as near the ground as possible,
remaining for a couple of seconds in this attitude, which re-
presented sleep. Shortly after, having given three great
yells in close succession, they retired to the background.
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 169
The same movements were repeated, but other ranks took the
front.
The corroboree music is much like a chant. A string
of words often runs to the one note. All the parts are
variations of one tune, sung in different kinds of time, and
at various rates of speed. There is a peculiar tendency to
slide in semitones from one key into another, and the effectof
the music is almost invariably minor. A favorite practice is
to raise the pitch suddenly an octave, and in order to effect
this it is sometimes necessary to allow it to slide to a low
pitch in the manner spoken of above. Instead of intimat-
ing the conclusion of one part of the piece by two or three
yells, a more musical practice is often followed of trilling the
sound of r at a high pitch.
In the corroboree marked No. I. there is an example of
the dramatic kind. Only a portion is given, but sufficient
to indicate the character of the whole. The words are not
Kahi. This is easily apparent from the feet being Iambic
if from nothing else, as there is hardly an Iambic foot in
Kabe. The lyrics are short simple ditties, comprising at
most two parts. The subject is some exploit or custom of
the composer, or perhaps the charms of his sweetheart.
Such songs are only known to a few individuals, and are
sung in private. In both examples that I give there seems
to be an attempt at rhyme. I am pretty sure the effect is
not accidental. If we take the words of the second example,
which seem to be of the lyric kind, and is written in Kabe,
we find a rhyme recurring containing the vowel a. That
this is intentional is evident from the fact that the word
kalaifa in the song is always in conversation pronounced
kalaNwr, that the word kariNga has not in conversation the'
hard- ^ sound, and that a meaningless a is affixed to the
word Nuyum. The words- of the second part of No. II. are
not intelligible to me. In the aboriginal voice there is a
great deal of timbre, a quality which is greatly affected in
private singing. Falsetto and tremulo are often used, and the
force and expression are much varied.
170
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
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MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 171
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172
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE':
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MARY RIVER AOT) BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY.
173
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174 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
The causes of hostilities between tribes do not seem to
have been very definite. As deaths were generally attributed
to the malevolence of enemies in another tribe, the desire of
vengeance sometimes led to a battle. Owing to the Kab?
country being identical with the central part of the habitat
of the bunya, remote tribes converged upon it when bunyas
were plentiful, and hence it was a thorough battlefield. The
Kabz tribe, alHed with their neighbours, made war on those
from a distance about the end of the bunya season. The
opposing parties camped near each other, and, after indulging
in mutual accusations, threats, and challenges for a few
nights, the fighting commenced, and was conducted without
any arrangement. The results appear to have been very
indecisive — a man or two killed on either side, and two or
three wounded. There was no retreating, no pursuing and
subsequent slaughtering, owing doubtless to there being
nothing to win or lose. Wailing and cannibal feasts ended
the proceedings.
The tribe used frequently to hunt in bands. They
would form a line, and scour the country. On the sight of
kangaroos, the hunters, by hallooing, confused them so much
that, instead of evading the pursuers, they rushed towards
them. When the grass was dry enough to burn, one party
having been distributed along the margin of a scrub, another
party set fire to the grass some distance off; the game,
obliged to seek shelter in the scrub, became easy marks
for the persons posted at its edge. The kwthar, or club,
was the most effective hunting weapon. The spoil of the
chase was shared unselfishly, even when obtained by private
exertion.
The dwellings were of the very simplest description.
Generally a sapling, ten to twelve feet long and about two
inches thick, was procured and partially broken in the
middle. The ends were fixed lightly in the ground, about
six feet apart. The halves, still adhering, formed at once
the doorposts and two rafters of the dwelling. The apex, or
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 175
broken part, rested in a fork, terminating the upper end of
another stick, about six feet long, the lower end of which was
stuck in the ground: thus the framework was formed. One
of the spaces between the rafters formed a door, the other
two were filled up with bushes, or covered over with sheets of
bark. A dwelling of this kind could be shifted as the wind
changed. The fire was made in front, and when the cover-
ing was bark, although the fire was usually small, a great
deal of heat was reflected .from the bark, and the inmates
were very snug. Such a dwelling was intended for only
two or three occupants. Larger structures were occasionally
made after the same fashion by procuring two or three
forked sticks.
The camps were often shifted. When travelling, families
took different routes, hunting or searching for sugar-hag
(honey) on their way, and towards sundown converging at
an appointed rendezvous. Unless on urgent occasions, they
would content themselves with loitering over about five
miles a day. Each individual had a peculiar cooee by
which he could be distinguished as far as heard. It was
customary for one of the tribe, if unexpectedly approaching
a camp, to cooee; on coming up he at once engaged in
conversation, and embraced friends, if he had been long
separated from them. A stranger on approaching a camp
had to sit down at some distance, with his back towards
it, and, after remaining silent in this situation for a
quarter or half an hour, he would draw a little nearer, and
might then, in a very cold and formal manner, exchange
salutations. The first salutation is Weno dhan? — "Where
are the Blacks ?" As an adieu, the Kabe native says, " Kai
Nai yEndin " — " Here I go," or " I'm just off."
Each family possessed several dogs, and when on the
move the wife generally kept up a kind of chant calling
upon the dogs. The call was e, aie, ise, ai, ai, ai, aie, ise.
I am not aware that these sounds had any meaning apart
from the dog-call, and let me remark that in the ise occurs
the only pure sibilant I heard in the language.
176 THE AUSTRALIAN RAGE:
As I have already observed, friends meeting after long
separation embrace. On such occasions they seem much
affected, rub faces and caress one another very fondly. They
have no masonic signs.
Messages were sent by a dhomka or messenger, and
were occasionally expressed by nqtches cut on a piece of
stick. The notches generally referred to numbers, but not
invariably.
Their love-letters were peculiar. When the writer was
once travelling with a Black boy the latter produced from
the lining of his hat a bit of a twig about an inch long, and
having three notches, cut on it. The Black boy explained
that he was a dhomka, that the central notch represented
himself, and the other notches, one the youth sending the
message, the other the girl for whom it was intended. It
meant in the words of Dickens, " Barkis is willing." The
dhomka sewed up the love-symbol in the lining of his hat,
carried it thus for months without divulging his secret to his
sable friends, and finally delivered it safely. This practice
appeared to be well known, and was probably common.
There were two or more kinds of pebbles in great
estimation. By the description I got of them they were
doubtless semi-transparent quartz of various tints, and
were generally found in watercourses. One kind was called
minkom; it was flat and circular. Another kind, of
globular shape, was called indifferently Nanpai or kundzr.
In these pebbles were the means of life and death. The
opinion was that they were carried internally about the
region of the stomach, and a Kabe person's vitality and
influence was proportionate to the number of them he was
possessed of Kund2r was the sort generally spoken of,, and
to be "kundzr boNgan" (many-pebbled) was to possess a
charmed life, and to be able to inflict grievous harm upon
enemies. When a person was taken suddenly ill it was
supposed that a pebble had been launched at him.
A young fellow named Waruindh positively assured me
that he had been hit in the side by one of these pebbles,
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 177
g,nd that he knew the thrower of the missile, who he said,
although unseen, had been concealed behind a tree. He was
troubled, apparently, with a stitch in the side. On such
occasions the manNwr or magician, whose qualities I shall
hereafter explain, was had recourse to. The manNMr
mumbled about the aching part with his mouth, and
affected to extract the pebble.
To the Kahi mind, the rainbow, which was called dhakkan,
was the greatest source of power. It was personified, and,
when visible, was imagined to be in course of transit from
one abode to another. Its haunts were small waterholes on
elevated places. Many of these were of considerable depth,
and, being unfathomable to the Blacks, were considered
bottomless. The dhakkan was accused of emerging from his
watery residence, and, like the fairies, substituting one child
for another, which it took to its stronghold, about the
margin of which it occasionally aired him. Thus it was
first thought that half-castes were changelings, left by
dhakkan in the place of Black children stolen by it. (See
stories following vocabulary.) But dhakkan was as jpowerful
for good as for harm; it had a never failing supply of
bukkwr or juttu, that is, rope.
It exchanged bukkwr for kundzr with men who possessed
the latter, the transfer being effected in the following
manner. A Blackfellow possessing kundz'r would camp on
the margin of a waterhole known to be a dhakkan residence.
While asleep there, a tingling sensation would commence at
his toes, and pass all over his body. This tingling was the
evidence of the operation of dhakkan,. which had meanwhile
drawn the sleeper under water, and, having taken from him
kundzr in exchange for bukkwr, had replaced him on his
couch a manNwr. The tingling sensation was evidently
mere numbness resulting from cold.
A mauNOT possessed a charmed life, could kill and cure,
command the elements, and, in short, perform any feat that
imagination could suggest. Persons who had experienced
hairbreadth escapes were reckoned either kundzr boNgan or
mauNOT. When a man was the former, it was patent to
VOL. in. M
178 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
everybody; but he had to be a very clever, assuming
impostor to be recognized as a manNwr. Consequently,
manNMrs were few. A feat of one of them is worth relating.
A boy named Turandiu told me that when he was a child
the camp was one morning surprised by the Native Police.
A Blackfellow, a manNwr, lifted the boy and, having tossed
him a mile or two into the scrub, vanished underground
himself, reappearing on the surface about where he had
thrown the child. It was current that a manN^r could draw
from his stomach wonderful things, even ropes of tobacco.
ManNMr means fuU-of-life. The rainbow is said to be
manNMrNMr, that is life-possessing, life-giving, because it
has the power of imparting vitality to men.
A manNMr, magician or life-man, is sometimes called
murw-murM, that is, full-of-life. The pebbles that I have
already spoken of are sometimes called dhakke, the general
word for stones. It seems that a person, in order that they
may pass into his stomach, must also be lying at the margin-
of a waterhole.
One who is kundzr boNgan, or better still, a mauNwr,
will generally possess a Nuam manNwrNwr, or, as the Blacks
render it in English, a "saucy dillie-bag." Although its
appearance does not differ from the ordinary dillie-bags, it is
supposed to be of an origin beyond human. It is found in
waterholes. Its contents are known only to its owner,
but to the crowd they are supposed to comprise relics of the
dead, pebbles, and hair and excrement of enemies. The
owner will ostentatiously hang it up on a tree in the eyes of
the whole camp, none daring to touch it for fear of being
overtaken by speedy death. I once saw one hanging thus,
and as I was carelessly walking up to have a look at it, the
Blacks, apprehensive of my danger, called out to me in
accents of fear to keep back.. After I had examined the
exterior, and they had seen that I was unharmed, they
accounted for my immunity by saying that I was a White-
fellow.
I have said that the Nuam contains the hair or excrement
of its owner's enemies. The Kab? people believe that if you
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 179
can procure either of these, while they decay in your posses-
sion, your enemy's life will be waning to a corresponding
extent. Consequently, they are extremely fearful of their
hair or faeces falling into an enemy's hands.
They had a strange dread of passing under a leaning
tree or even under the rails of a fence. Their reason for this,
as explained to me, was, that a female might have been upon
the tree or fence, and that some blood from her might have
fallen on it and might fall from it on them. Analogous to
this fear was that of a person . stepping over their body
while they were lying down. When camping out with a
Black boy I have unthinkingly stepped over him, and have
known him involuntarily to cry out with fear and to denounce
the ignorance and stupidity of White people. These fears
seem to me to point to some former laws relating to
pollutions.
They had a very vague belief in water-spirits, the ap-
pearance, qualities, and habits of which I could not discover.
They had a belief in, or more accurately an apprehension of,
ghosts; NMthurM, the word for shadow, was also the word
for ghost. A ghost was generally to be seen at night
peering through branches or from behind trees. They did
not seem to believe that the personality of the deceased was
continued in the ghost, but thought that death annihilated
personality.
They knew nothing of a Supreme Being, and performed
no acts of invocation or propitiation. I never discovered
any traditions about the Creation, the Deluge, or the origin
of the native race.
Language.
The word Kabi is a negative, and used as such by those
who speak the dialect called by the Eevd. W. Ridley, Dippil,
as well as by the tribe to which the name Kab? is specially
applied in this treatise. The people who speak both these
dialects probably formed originally but one tribe, and were
designated Kab2, from that negative being peculiarly theirs.
The Kab? and Dippil dialects differ from each other but very
M 2
180 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
slightly. One conspicuous difference is the introduction of ^
hard in many words in Dippil, where it does not occur or is
elided in Kab?, such as wurgu, Touru, a girl, bugaman, baman,
to come, NugMn, Nwin, a boy, and so on. In consequence of
the meagreness of the Kabz vocabulary, many words possess
a wide range of meaning. Kalaxi^r, good, may express
almost any quality that produces pleasure ; muUw, black,
means any dark color whatever, excepting red; thus green,
blue, brown, black of all shades are mullw. It is to be
expected that an aboriginal dialect should be deficient in
abstract words, and especially in words expressing nice moral
distinctions or delicate sensations. Kabz realizes this
expectation; it does not even take cognizance of the -air we
breathe, having no name for it. The dearth of words renders
freqiient circumlocution necessary, and much of the sense has
to be gleaned from the context, the tone, and gesticulation.
The orthography in which the Kabz words are written in
these notes is based upon Professor M. Miiller's Missionary
Alphabet, to which I have added e, and the English conso-
nantal y. The characters, about the sound of which there
might be any doubt, are: —
a -
■ a -
am, psalm.
th - thin.
i -
u ■
e ■
0 -
- i
- u -
- e -
- 0 -
knit, neat,
full, fool,
debt, date,
not, note.
dh - the (nearly).
N (ng) English.
y - you.
ai - ire.
E -
n(i
■ 0 -
ly) Esp£
her, but.
ina, new.
au - proud,
oi - voice.
ou - bought.
The Kab? people carefully distinguish two sounds of r, which
of themselves will determine the different meanings of two
words in other respects exactly aUke. I have not indicated
these, and to a strange ear they would scarcely be dis-
tinguishable. The less frequent resembles the subdued trUl
in the English word pur, if prolonged.
Another characteristic sound is that of I, pronounced as
if coalescing with a following y. There is also a remarkable
sound of n. It is produced by protruding the tongue as if
MAEY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 181
about to pronounce the word the immediately after the letter
n. This sound might be called a dentated n. I have indi-
cated it by ndh.
Very often mutes are so indefinitely articulated as to
render it doubtful whether they are surd or sonant. Thus to
the ears of some Whites the word for grass is pan, to others
ban. Not only so, but' there is a great tendency to soften
the labials of p and b, and the labial-liquid m to zo, as in
WMrubandh or wMruwsndh, old; muin or wuin, niffkt. I
have failed to recognize any pure sibilant or palatal ck in
Kabz, excepting the s in the word ise, used as a dog-
call. There are near approaches to such sounds, but such
combinations as ty, dhi, or tdh fully express the extent of
the hiss, as in batyin, found. The aspirate h does not occur
except in one word helemon, a shield. From the fact of this
word being the single exception, and as there is another
word for shield, viz., kunmarim, the name of the tree from
which shields are made, I take the word helemon to be
foreign.
The nasal n seems to be used very often, either to obviate
the necessity of an initial vowel, which is not grateful to
Kabz ears, or to separate two following vowels. Thus we
have adhw or Nadhw, I; aim or Nairn, we; and so on.
Gemination is excessively prevalent, hence where letters are
doubled both have to be pronounced. Only such consonants
as combine easily occur in juxtaposition. Sometimes such
combinations as pr, kr, and so on, appear to be used, but the
consonants will be found, upon careful listening, to be
separated by a short vowel. The aversion to such sounds as
br, and also the liking for dissyllabic words, are well exempli-
fied in naturalized English words — thus bread becomes
BOKEA ; grog, garon.
The Kab«' th is exactly like the English in thing, dh
indicates a sound having more of the t sound than th in the.
Kab? has no words beginning with r or I. Its final
letters are limited to I, m, n,r, n, ndk, and vowels.
There is no article in Kabe. The substantive shows no
distinction of number; this is true of the verb also. Thus
182 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
tlie word dh^ may mean wood, a tree, the tree, trees. To
express many trees the words dhw BONgan or dhw gurwinda
(lit. tree many) must be used. There is no distinction of sex,
excepting by words quite different. There are some suffixes
indicating case, but they are used very indefinitely. The
suffixes -10 and -no frequently express possession, but they
sometimes occur with subjects, often with datives, and
frequently give the sense of at. "We find a termination -m
signifying o/, and at, and in. I have heard a termination
-kere signifying on account of, and -mo signifying up or at.
The subject has a termination annexed more frequently than
has the object. I have not been able to discover any regular
definiteness in the meaning of the separable endings, and
cannot, therefore, give any declensions, if such exist. The
syllable -go is very often annexed to any or all the parts of
speech, and usually expresses motion, as Nairn dhmvgo,
yango bonzgo — we to-the-scrub will-go for-bunyas. Some-
times the termination -barom is attached to nouns or pro-
nouns to express appreciation, especially to proper names.
The addition of the syllable -Na is very common; it does not
appear to affect the sense at all, but simply to make th5
rhythm more musical. Substantives are mostly of one or
two syllables, and, if the latter, the accent is almost invari-
ably on the first syllable. There are instances of verbal
nouns being formed by adding -ba or -na to the infinitive or
perfect indicative of the verb, as yBlmba {with)-shouting;
beyElh'manna, cooeeing.
The adjectives are subject to no changes of form, and in
general are not distinguishable by termination or otherwise
from substantives. Comparison in the ordinary grammatical
sense cannot be said to exist. Supposing that the length of
several spears is being compared, to express this is the longest
in Kabz they would simply say karzNa goran, i.e., this long.
They use the word karva as an exact equivalent to our very,
and I believe the sense is sometimes intensified by repetition.
That repetition does not always intensify the meaning is
certain. Nambur is Kab? for ti-tree. There was a place to
which the Blacks gave the name nambur nambur, because a
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 183
single ti-tree liad been planted there. Some unmistakable
adjectival terminations can be pointed out, the most note-
worthy of which is -Nwr. This termination signifies possess-
ing, having, like, and so on. Thus we have wulwz, smoke;
wulwmwr, smoky; bokka, a projection; bokkaNwr, horned;
dhih'l, noise; dhilelNMr, noisy. I find some adjectives with
this termination attached to a stem, which does not appear
to exist now separately as a substantive; such is the very
common word kalaNwr, good. Another adjectival termina-
tion is -dau or -do, e.g., wuin, night; wuindau, dark; buran,
wind; burando, stormy, windy. Walathau, cold, may be
classed with these. Another ending is -ban, wandh, or
wendh, as dhal?, at present (an adv.); dhalebandh, new.
There are also great numbers of infinitives used adjectively.
Adjectives formed by the combination of distinct separable
words will be noticed further on.
By referring to the vocabulary it will be noted that the
personal pronoun is inflected to a considerable extent, and
with some regularity. The initial nasal is often omitted.
In addition to the terminations indicated in the vocabulary
there are two others, -dai and -blin, sometimes suffixed to
nominatives. They have merely a definitive force. The pro-
noun when a subject is almost invariably expressed. Bilin
or -blin is most commonly used with pronouns, as Ninbilin,
thou indeed.
The verb is neither infiected for person nor number. Tense
and mood are indicated by infiection, very indefinitely and in
a very small degree. The simplest part is the imperative,
which commonly consists of one syllable, and very rarely
exceeds two.
The form which serves as infinitive is used also as pre-
sent, imperfect, and future indicative, and imperfect parti-
ciple. It is generally produced by adding to the imperative
the terminations -man, -math?, -thin, a connecting vowel
being sometimes interposed. These may be regarded as the
regular and by far the most frequent infinitive terminations,
but there are a few others, the most noteworthy of which
are -aio, -aiyw, and -Im. Many verbs take both -man and
184 THE AUSTRALIAN EACB :
-mafhi, as the verb baman, to come. Some even have the
three forms in -man, -mathi, and -thin. There is a part
which serves as a perfect tense, perfect participle, and, with-
out the addition of a copula, as a passive voice. It seems to
be formed either by contracting the infinitive in -man or by-
adding -n to the imperative, probably in the latter manner,
e.g., ban, come, from baman, to come, or ba (imper.), com£.
Very often the adverbs, wuru, long ago; Sh&li, now; and
Bonna-woppa, after a little, are employed to indicate the
time of the action. Besides the terminations already cited,
there are several others the effect of which is too in-
appreciable to warrant their acceptance as expressing
changes of mood or tense.
On one or two occasions I have heard what appeared to
be optative or subjunctive forms. The passive, spoken . of
above, is very seldom used, and is occasionally a single-
worded proposition, as kaNun, he was cut; dhiNgan, he is (or
was) thrown. The distinction between active and passive is
but faintly maintained. A prohibition, direct or indirect, is
indicated by introducing the negative bar; in all cases of
negation, besides, other negatives, such as wa, kabe, Ac, are
used.
In the vocabulary four examples occur of reciprocal verbs
having the distinctive termination -ulaiyw or -yulafyw, viz. : —
(1.) Yathulaiyw, to converse, from yaman or yathin
(imper. ya), to speak.
(2.) Baiyulaiyw, to fight, that is, to strike one another,
from baiye'man (imper. baiyz), to kit, to heat, to
kill.
(3.) Kauwathulaiyw, to cut, from kauwa, to cut, e.g.,
dhakker<9 kauwathulaiyu, to cut (presumably one
another) with a knife or tomahawk.
(4.) W2yulaiyM, to divide, to share, to deal out; i.e., to
give one another, from womNan, to give (imper. wa
or WM, perf. part, winin or wiyin). The word ya
may be reckoned as a verbal particle, being
equivalent to ■ the English come, when used not
as a verb of motion, but to arouse to action.
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY.
185
d
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Perfect
Participle
and
! Passive
Voice of
1 Transitive
Verbs.
1
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t
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Yaman,
yamathi
yamaran
yaan
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THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
u
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II
Reciprocal
Form.
i
1 ■ 1 1 1 1. 1 1 1 ii
4)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II
Perfect
Participle
and
Passive
Voice of
Transitive
Verbs.
1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 i
^ ^ g (^ M
is
■Si
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1
>
1
1
1 1 1 |.|i 1 1 1 |s
'0 ^ f^
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\ \ 1 1 1 1 1 II
1
' :s 1 « 1 -3 g 1
a" 1 1 1 i ^ 1 a H d
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■s .
Ill
1
a
YEna, go -
Wonai, wonamorai,
leave, leave off
VroNai, hear, listen,
understand
DhiNga, throw -
Bubai, stand, remain
NyEnai, be
Kauwa, cut
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 187
There are many defective verbs, some of them having
only one form, as kai, I have it, I am here, it is here, or
simply here*
Many adverbs of place terminate in -m. Another adverbial
termination is -Nur, but words in-Nur probably were adjectives.
A number of interrogative adverbs, closely resembling the
pronouns, are peculiar in form. The initial syllables of the
following deserve attention — weno, where or when; wenobolla,
when; wenominz, where; wandhnrathin, why; wenamba,
whether or no; minam, minalo, why; minaNgo, how. Adjec-
tives are used adverbially. A few words that might be
classed as conjunctions or prepositions appear in the
vocabulary among the adverbs. The word ka is simply a
connective, and frequently seems scarcely to be articulated.
Bona or weno introduce hypothetical sentences, and are then
equivalent to if; used adverbially they signify when, at the
time, at that time. The relations of subordinate clauses to
the principal clauses, or to one another,- have to be inferred
in almost every instance from the context. There appear to
be no words belonging properly to the preposition class.
Their place is supplied by the sufl&xes spoken of when
treating of the noun and pronoun, and by adverbs.
In considering the structure and derivation of words very
little can be said about nouns. Very few of them are
traceable to roots. A small number are significant, such as
muru-goran, nose (or beak) long, the ibis; dhu-narambz, ^ree-
possum, the bat ; ye'lai-bo-dhoman, crayfish-eating, the crane.
Some are onomatopoeic, as kawuN, laughing jackass; wowa,
crow. There is a noteworthy resemblance between the
words bwran (the wind) and boran a boomerang. That they
may have originally been identical, the difference in pro-
nunciation does not render improbable, for we find the word
gwran {long') sometimes pronounced goran. The adjectival
terminations -bandh, -bathin, -boman, and -wendh or -wan
are probably derived from the verb baman, to come. The
* In this passage I think Mr. Mathew has fallen into a mistake. Kail is
an exclamation common throughout Australia, and is used as such in the
senses noticed by Mr. Mathew, and in many others. — E. M. C.
188 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
termination -not has already been mentioned as distinctive
of adjectives. Curiously enough, we find it doubled in at
least one instance, the word mauNwrNOT, capable of impart- ■
ing life. The stem of this word seems to he man, which is
not now extant in its simple state. ManNOT is a noun or an
adjective; as the former its meaning has been explained, as
the latter it means charmed and life-giving. With another
-NOT suffixed the application is solely adjectival, and the
meaning is perhaps intensified.
Very frequently two words are required to express an
attribute. This is sometimes due to the want of positives,
e.g.^ wa widhzman, brave; wa kawun n-Enaman, unwilling. A
noun followed by a verb generally expresses adjectively
sensations which are described by and referred to their
physical phenomena.
The verb affords by far the greatest scope for distin-
guishing roots and tracing them. Ya is the imperative of
yaman, to speak. From that root are doubtless derived
yathulaiyw, to converse; yamNoman, to rage, to scold;
yBh'man, to call; yElEUman, to speak quickly; bzyEb'man, to
cooee. The following are groups of related words: —
(1.) YaNgoman, to make; yaNgalmoman, to allow;
(baiy?) yaNgale'thin, to cure.
(2.) Warran, to buck; warmaman, to chase; yauwara,
to jump. From the same root is probably derived
wirra, a stream.
(3.) Wombalithin, to carry; wombathin, to put up;
wombah'man, to fall upon.
(4.) Dhathin, to drink; bedhalmda, to cause to drink.
(5.) DuNzman, to cry ; dumnuraman, to cause to cry.
(6.) Dhomathin, to hold; dhommomfln, to marry.
(7.) NomNathz, to see; Nomba, to show; naiy«lathin,
to look.
(8.) Marm, to burn; man'man (adjective) to be hot;
mare, a camp, and probably originally afire.
A good many adverbs are transformed to verbs by
suffixing (1) a verb or (2) a verbal termination. The fol-
lowing are instances of the former class :^Wuru-boman, to
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 189
come out; bzya-boman, to come back; wuru-ywaritliine, to
put out; bzyavindw, to take back. The following are of the
latter class : — Kare-thin, to enter; kare-naman, to put in;
kar?-ndime, to admit; ■wnru-watliin, to let out; budha-wathin,
to strengthen; budha means strong. Sometimes nouns and
verbs are compounded to form a verb, as kakke-baman, to
bleed; NuyMm-boman, to sweat.
There is a striking resemblance between the words
yzraman, to spring up, and ysraman, a horse, as. also in
these words — dhuruman, to grow, to swell; dhunuNan, a
tumour; dhw, a tree; dhur?, the scrub; dhura, a house
(dhura in Kamilaroi means bark of a tree) ; dhun, a tail;
tunum, the tongue.
In conversation, the infinitive termination -mathz is often
contracted to -m.i, as bamz for bamathe.
The ending -moral appears in some imperatives given in
the table of conjugations. As we also find an infinitive
termination -moraman, it seems to me that, -mor was the
stem of a verb, now obsolete, which was almost equivalent to
the verb do, and it now exists merely as an intensifying
ending. In verbs where -iu is given as an infinitive ending,
-eman generally is used as well, as malra or mah'man, kurm
or kurman. It is clear that the letters m, b, and w are
often interchanged, and particularly the last two. We note
also that by far the most frequent and therefore regular
infinitive terminations are -mathin, -man, -math?, -vni,
-bathin, -wathin, -athin?, -ithine. It seems probable that
-man, -mathi, and -mi are contractions of -mathinj -mi
certainly is of -math?, and -math? and -man are often inter-
changeable. This hypothesis does not exclude the possibility
of -man occurring as a primitive unabridged verbal ending.
Again, -bathin is often contracted to -ban, or -bandh, and
-wathin to -wan or -wandh. Hence, -mathin, -bathin, and
-wathin may be essentially the same termination. Dha is
the imperative of dhoman, to eat, but the word dhathin
means to drink. From these and other examples it might
be inferred that there had been two distinct verbal suffixes,
or three, if we regard -ma and -ba as radically distinct. If
190 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
three, they would be — (1) -man or -ma; (2) -ba or -wa;
(3) -thin. In the majority of instances, -thin seems
combined with one or other of the first two.
As a rule, verbs in -thin have the most active significa-
tion, and before the sufiis -li or -la is sometimes interposed,
the exact effect of which is not apparent, e.g,, wombathin,
to lift; womba^ethin, to carry. The words kai and nsnaman,
which, in a general sense, respectively express having and
being, are not exactly equivalent to have and he in Aryan
languages. They are never auxiliaries of tense or mood.
Kai rather means / have it, or it is here ; and nEnaman
means to exist, to remain, to live, though in the imperative
it- fairly represents he, as in yul nBnai, he quiet.
Kai has a demonstrative force, and perhaps it is the ter-
mination in the possessives NanyuNgai,. my ; NinoNgai, thy;
and in the interrogatives Nangai, NanyuNgai, mmaNgai.
The frequency of the phrase kai NanyuNgai kai, here is
mine, or I have mine; and the fact that NanyuN and NinoN
occur without the termination -gai lends color to this sup-
position.
Other indefinite verbal forms are mmda, to he here, to be
there; and Nindi, or gindz, to he within. The phrase kai
mmda occurs, and is equivalent to it is here. Kai seems to
be the demonstrative and mmda the verbal element.
In the adjectival termination -NMr, -nur, or -uv, the
essential part is -ur, and the nasal seems thrown in to
separate two vowels ; -NMr is the commonest form, but we
have -uv in bamwr. Sometimes this suffix is contracted to
-NM, so, -u, or 0.
To express the genitive, nouns have most commonly one
or other of these corrupted forms affixed. But in the first
pers. pron., plu., poss. case, the termination -Nwr occurs
thus— nom. Nalen, poss. NalmNwr, affording one clear proof
that the termination of the genitive of a substantive is the
same as that which forms an adjective from a substantive.
Verbal and adjectival signs are affixed, whereas adverbs
in forming compounds are prefixed.
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY. 191
Mi means tke eye or eyes; bubai to stand still; from these,
I think, we have me bwwan, sleepy. From bwwan a gerundive
is formed — buwando, sleeping — as in buwando yunmaman, to
lie sleeping, to sleep.
The phrase noUa baNwondamoraman, to get into a rage,
is an example of composition by syncope, being compounded
of noUa the stomach ; baNkw, angry, sulky; wonda, to raise
or rise; moraman, a verbal termination. The syllable kw is
omitted by syncope.
Generally the order of words in a sentence is subject,
indirect object, object, adverb, verb — the adjective in almost
every instance immediately following the word which it
qualifies. There is, however, much diversity in the form of
sentences.
Very frequently a subject and adjective constitute a pro-
position, a copula being rarely used.
Some idioms are very remarkable, such, for instance, as
those attributing the passions to the state of the stomach.
Such are nolla kalaNwr, lit., stomach good, cheerful; noUa
dhandarban or dhandarbathin, lit., stomach smooth or slippery,
pleased; noUa bauwan, lit., stomach cutting, means to relish;
noUa warabin, lit., stomach jumping, fearful; noUa kaiyaman,
lit., stomach biting, sorry. Other phrases similar to these
will be found in the vocabulary. Deafness is confounded
with madness, thus, pmaN gulum, lit., ears dull, means either
deaf or mad. Many feelings are named from their physical
phenomena, such are mi kurm, lit., eyes turning, giddy; mi
kambz'man, lit., eyes hiding, jealous; mi wuruwoman, lit.,
eyes standing om^, amazed; mnru wombaKman, lit., nose
uplifted, frowning; pinaN baluman, lit., ears dead, means to
forget; mi kakkeman, lit., eyes bleeding, bright.
The verb yaNgoman is often used with an adjective to
express action for which no single word exists, as kakkal
yaNgah'thin, to make clean. The verb nEuaman, to be, to
exist, is used in a manner somewhat similar, as kaiwun
uEnaman, lit., desire possessing, willing.
192
THE AUSTRALIAN EACE ;
The following stories, dialogues, and phrases are intro-
duced mainly with a view to their being of philological
value : —
Stories.
Dhak'kan.
Phak'kan wa'raN Nun'da ko'raman
Nu'in dhi'kuj, kar'vana wnm'Nan
mul'lM. Nun'daro kom'Nan Nu'ina
tuu'baNonol'lano karm'dimi. Nol'-
lani Nu'iu nE'naman; Nu'ritni wu'ru-
boman.
Dhak'kan man'NurNur.
Niii bon'na bai'ymar yEn'na yun'-
mathin kuNM kara'no. Nin bai'yi
yaNga'lithin.
Dhan dhak'kanno Nan'pai wtrm'Nan,
dhak'kan dhan'no bu'kar wu.
Dhak'ke kunda'swr.
Dhan Nam dhak'keni nol'lani uEna-
man.
Piri, NJm, bu'y«, kam, gillin.
Nin ka'runda yin'maio Nin'baNO
dhu'Nun kar'ithin.
Nin wa bai'yiro yun'maman, Nin
man'Nwrbathin.
Bai'yi yaNga'lithin.
Nai w(i"D.o bai'yJNMr mu' vu mu' vu
Nan'na bun'bjthin dhak'ke Nan'na
bun'mathin.
Nan'pai bat'ytoian.
Nin yun'mai dhu mo tar'vano.
Nin'dje kui'bi vro'Na Nan'pai
Nin'bola nin'dathin.
Nun'da dhilil'baNMr nin'daman.
Nin raan'Nwr nE'naman waba'luman.
(The) -Rainbow.
(The) -rainbow (is) wicked, he stole
(a) -boy half-caste, another gave
Black. He took (the) -boy (to a)-
mountain (a -water)-hole (he) put-
(him)-in. ' (In the) -hole (the) -boy
is; (during the) -day (he) -comes-
out.
(The) -Rainbow capable-of -imparting
vitality.
Thou when sick go lie-down (at the)-
water'a edge. Thou (wilt) be
cured.
(The) -Blackfellow (to the) -rainbow
(Nanpai) pebble gives, (the) -rain'-'
bow (to the) -Blackfellow (a) -rope
gives.
(The) -Stones or Pebbles (of) Koon-
dangoor.
(To the) -Blackfellow always pebbles
(in his) -inside are.
(In the) hands, bones, calves, head,
nails.
Thou floating (?) remain (to) -thee
(in the) -stomach (they) -enter.
Thou (wilt) not aching lie, thou (wilt)
beoome-fuU-of- vitality.
Curing.
I if sick (the man) fuU-of-life me
(will) -suck (the) -pebble (from) -me
take-out.
Pebble-finding.
Thou lie-down (a) -tree under.
Thou (a) -whistling (wilt) -hear(the)-
Nanpai (pebble) (to) thee (shall)-
go-in.
It noisily (shall)-go-in.
Thou fuU-of-vitality (wilt) -be, not
(wilt) -die.
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY.
Stories — continued.
193
Dh«r.
Dhwr wiN'wMr yEN'ga, m'rimba
ki'rabaria'na. Ear yBN'ga wa'thi ;
kun'namara pa'bunno, kom'miNa
bai'yira. Kkar'va yEn'na kar'va
nEnai bun'dumo wa'thinba vrON'-
athin.
Nuin dhu'mo won'da ya'bun yj'ki
■won'da. Yil'la na'ruthin Nuin'na.
BTuin bu'dhawathin tEraN wa dha'ba
dhiNgathln.
Gil'la.
Gil'la Nad'hadharr'ga won'nan; kan
tam'burwan. Gril'lago dhaN'gago
bon'na-yjr'ki yan'go. Weno Nia
kala'Nar a'dhu Nin'na gil'la w«.
(The) -Ring.
This story probably refers to man-
(A) -ring, large (they) -make, in -the-
middle (they) -light-a-fire. (Must)-
not cause laughing; wring-the-
neck -(will the) -fathers, (the)-
uncles (will) -beat. Some go-away,
others remain at-the-backs (if there
be) -laughing to -know.
(The) -boys (the) -trees climb, (the)-
sisters also climb. On-the-hocks
(they) -kick (the) -boys.
(The) -boys fast-hold (their) -legs not
(to the) -ground (they) -throw-
(them).
Honey,
(Of the) -honey I half left ; (the) -can
was-fuU-to-the-lip. For -(the)-
honey (the) -half -(of) to-morrow
(I shall) -go. If thou -(art) good I
thee honey (will) -give.
DlALOaUES.
YEr'amin; bula. Horses; bullocks.
Na'rau ! yE'ramin nin'dtt baN'goran Halloo ! (a) -horse, (canst) thou wild
kaN'kithin? ride?
Wa ! yE'ramini Nai wit'dhlman - No 1 of -horses I (am) afraid.
Nin minan'm wit'dhiman? - - Thou why afraid?
YE'ramindo dhbf'gara, mm kom- (The) -horse (might) -throw -(me),
Na'thinj. " (my) bones (might) -break.
Ya Nin, wo'Nali, wE'namba wa'raio. Try thou, mount, (to see) whether
(he will) -buck.
Nin'dai ye'ramingo, Na'lin yun'ma- Thou-indeed for-the-horses-go, we
man dhu'rjthin. (shall) -lie in-the-scrub, i.e., camp
out.
Boh'na-wop'pa yango, Ka'rau* dha In-a-little-while (we shall) -go, (the)
kam'Na kai. ground (is) damp at-present.
VOL. III.
' Na'rau, interjection, equivalent to I say.
N
194
THE AUSTRALIAN RAGE:
DlALOGUBS-
Nam yEn'din? . . - -
Nam'ba i'la yEn'diii
Wa'ra wa'ra dhiN'ga kal wu'ruwa-
thin.
Wa'ra wa'ra dhj'kir, kabi bomka'-
numan.
Kal Na'lmdo tal'K buwan'diman
We'no kaNgo?- ....
Mu'kirgo - - - . .
Kal Nin'du yEr'ri ku'riua
Nin'du ka'lu-vro'nai biyel'Kmanna,
Nui bar pi'naN-gtt'lum nE'nai.
Nai yi'pi ba'lun yE'linba arau' !
Wa Na'dhu Nin'na vro'namathi
We'Sobola biya'vindiw? -
Bo'na ti'rum ninda'monda
Mi'nama mm'da? ....
Wa kai gurwin'da - . - -
Nin bar baN'ku fiB'nai 3nil nE'nai -
A'dhu Nin'na Nuin yi'rtoa wa nom-
na'thi.
tta/li yathu'laiyM - - - -
Nali kam'Nur ku'riit - - -
Me'naNgai yEl/ga? - - - -
Dhn'ri bam'pj . _ - .
Na'ljn dhu'rjgo yan'go bofiigo
Nai bam'pira yanma'thJNa;
wit'dharo Nan'na bar kai'ya, a'dhu
ka'lu bun'ban ku'tharo, Nun'da
yi'la ka'lu balun; bu'tharw
dhoma'thi HTin'da.
Ba'rjya Nan'na kai'yaman, a'dhu
Nun'da kj'raba-mor'ba.
Ki'ra won'dj, wala'thau ba'luman -
Wuin gu'ran - - - - -
Ni'noNgai mm'da mu'yim ? -
Adhu ka'rlNa womba'limaraio
■'Continued.
(Are you) ready to-go?
(I am) ready indeed to-go,
(The) -rails throw-down (the) -cattle
to-let-out.
(The) -rails (are too) heavy, (I can)
not throw -(them) -down.
(The) -cattle we to-day shall-herd.
Where (shall we) take (them)?
Far-away.
(The) -cattle thou this-way turn.
Th'ou quickly -hear {i.e., obey) (my)
calling, thou (do) -not deaf be.
I (am) throat exhausted (with) -call-
ing ! (arau interjection).
Not I thee heard.
When (shall we) take- (them) -back?
As (the) -sun is-sinking.
How-many are-there ?
Not are-here many.
Thou (do)-not angry be quiet be.
I thee a-boy like never saw.
We (shall) -converse.
We by-the-head (shall)-go round.
What (are-you)-donig?
(The) -scrub, (the) -bush.
We (to the) -scjrub (shall) -go for-
bunyas.
I to-the-bush (shall) -go; a -dog me
(must) -not -bite, I quick (shall) -hit
(him) with-a-stick, he indeed soon
. (shall be) dead ; (the) -eaglehawk
(will)-eat him.
(A) -jumper-ant me bit, I him (shall)-
roast.
Fire get, with cold (I)-am-dyiQg.
(The) -night (is) long.
Thine is- there (a) -tomahawk ?
I this shall-carry.
MAEY RIVER AKD BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY.
195
DiAlOGDES AND PhEASBS,
Minam'ba Nin'dj ki'rami dhan ?
Dhan mina'lo du'NJman ?-
Dhan naN'gaimini bai'yiNtir? •
Nan'do ka'riNa kaN'kiman womba'-
Im?
Nan'do Nin'na bauVan ?
Mina'mano Nin wuin'dM yin'maio ? -
N in we'fiobola ban ? - -
Ti'rum ka'rin
Tirum won'dan . - . -
A'dhu_ Nun'dabola muyjm -wi'nm;
Nun'daro Nai'bola dhak'ke wi'nin.
Na'li tina'bubola ku'rui wi'nin;
Na'lingo tina'buro yul'lM wi'fiin.
Man'do ya'marandh ? - - -
Nun'da yaan . . - . .
Nin minaN'go pi'naN-bama'thi !
Bo'na ba'raN bin'damathi bon'da
Tfol'bai won'daman dhBr'wEn.
Ya'koi a'dhu Ninna ya'thin
Nin naN'gai wil ? - - -
How-many are-there at-the-camp
Blacks ?
(The) -Blacks why crying 1
Blackf ellow which (is) sick 1
Who this-one riding (are)-oarrying ?
Who thee speared?
How-many thou nights wilt-stop ?
Thou when didst-start ?
Sun going-in.
Sim rising.
I to -him (a)-tomahawk gave ;
he to-me (a) -knife gave.
We to-them 'possums gave ;
to-us they eels gave.
Who said-(so) !
He said-(so).
Thou how (the) -ears- come (i.e.,
dost recollect) !
When (a) -Barangmarries (a) -Bunda
(the) -children arise Tirwin.
Come-here, I to-thee want-to-speak.
Thou what (thy) -name?
Nin we'no ba'man ?
Nai ba'man -
Kai Nai yEn'din
Salutations.
Thou whence dost-come !
I am-come.
Here I go.
NZ
196
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 166.— VOCABULARY.
The reader will compare motJier,. breasts, and milh, in which are seen
preserved the term so common in our languages. If there be an equivalent
for leg in this language, it is exceptional. The rule is a separate term for
each portion of the leg ; but if the whole leg be insistently asked for by a
White man, the equivalent of thigh is given. — E. M. C.
Kangaroo
ma'ra.
Hand -
pi'ri.
Opossum
- ku'ruj or Na-
2 Blacks -
dhan bul'la.
Tame dog -
ram'bi.
wi'yidha or
wi'dha.
3 Blacks -
dhan bul'la
. ka'lim.
Wild dog ■
wi'dha ka'rum.
One -
ka'lim.
Emu -
Duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
Nu'ruindh.
nar.
ka'wuN.
■
Two -
Three -
Pour -
Father
bul'la.
bul'la ka'lim.
bul'la bul'la;
pa'bun.
White cockatoo
gi'gum.
Mother
a'voNorNa'vON
Crow -
wo'wa.
Sister
ya'bun.
Swan -
Egg - - -
Track of a foot -
ku'lMn
bam.
kuan.
Brother-Elder -
„ Younger
nuin.
wuthaN.
Fish -
ba'la.
A young man
kj'var.
Lobster
An old man
win'yir.
Crayfish -
il'lai.
An old woman -
ma'run.
Mosquito -
Fly -
Snake -
The Blacks
buu'ba.
dhip'pi.
mu'raNorwo'Nai.
dhan.
A baby
A White man -
Children
wol'bai.
mothar or dhi.
wol'bai.
A Blackfellow -
dhan.
Head
kam.
A Black woman -
yi'ran.
Eye -
mi.
Nose -
roa'vu.
Ear - - -
pi'naN,
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COXJNTBY.
197
No. 166. ^Vocabulary — continwd.
Mouth
- dhaN'ka.
Boomerang -
- bo'rau.
Teeth -
- dhaN'ka.
Hill ■
- k«n'da or
Hair of the head
■ dhil'la.
tan'ba.
Beard -
- ys'ran.
Wood -
- Ahu.
Thunder -
- mum'ba.
Stone -
- dhak'ke.
Grass -
- ban.
Camp -
- ki'ra or ki'rami.
ToMgue
- tu'nam.
Yes -
- yau'ai.
Stomach
- du'NMn.
No -
- wa or ka'bj.
Breasts
■ .a'mON.
Me -
- Nan'na.
Leg -
- tE'raN.
You -
Bark -
- Nin or jjin'du.
- kom'bar.
Foot -
- dhi'naN,
Good -
- kala'Nwr.
Bone -
- mm.
Bad -
- wa'raN.
Blood -
- kak'ke.
Skin -
- kw'bar.
Sweet -
- ge'yar.
Food -
- bin'dha.
Fat -
- ma'rom.
Bowels
- ga'naN.
- gM'naN.
Hungry
- gan'dho.
Excrement -
Thirsty
- Naial'lo.
Eat -
- dho'man ordhaii.
War-spear -
- kon'ni.
Reed-spear -
Sleep -
Drink -
- Buan'do.
- dha'thin
Thro wing-stick
Shield
- ku'thar.
- kun'marim or
Walk -
- yul yan'man.
he'lemon.
See -
- nomKa'thi.
Tomahawk -
- mu'ywm.
Sit
- fiB'naman.
Canoe
- kom'bar (lit.
bark).
Yesterday -
To-day
- Nam'ba.
- dha'liorgi'lumba.
To-morrow -
- yjr'ki.
Sun -
- Nu'raindh or
Where are the
we'no dhan.
tirum.
Blacks?
Moon -
- ba'puu.
I don't know
- a'dhu wa vro'-
Star -
- kal'bar.
Naman.
Light -
- Nu'raindh(noun).
Plenty
- boN'gan.
Dark -
- wuin'dhau.
Big -
- wiN'war.
Cold -
- walai.
Little -
- dho'marami,
Heat -
- ma'riman'.
dha'ramj, or
Day -
- Nu'rwindhau.
dhom'me.
Night -
Fire -
- wuin'dhau.
- ki'ra.
Dead -
- ba'lun or ba'-
luman.
Water
- kuN.
By-and-by -
- bon'na-wop'pa.
Smoke
- wu'lui.
Come on
- ya'koi; come thou,
Ground
- dha.
ba Nin.
Wind-
- ba'ran.
Milk -
- a'mON.
Rain -
- yu'ruN.
Eaglehawk -
- ba'thar.
God - -
-
Wild turkey
- kalar'ka.
Ghosts
- na'thurw.
Wife -
- ma'limgan.
198
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABULARY OF THE KAB/ DLALECT.
Native words spelt in the alphabet known as Max Miiller's Missionary
Alphabet.
Notes. — The dh lett-er has more of the t sound In Kabi than in English.
Ndh represents n followed by and coalescing with a subdued dental or
sound produced by protruding the tongue as if about to articulate the word
the immediately after the sound of n.
Nouns.
Ant (pismire)
kirr, mon'dhur.
Blood -
- kak'ke.
„ (jumper)
ba'riya.
Boy -
- Nuin.
„ (small black
ba'rom.
Breast
- dhandar.
„ (white)
Na'ri.
The breasts
- a'mon.
„ (soldier)
mum'ba.
Branch
- kandir.
Arm -
- kinirr.
Brother (elder)
- huin.
Aunt -
yurun.
„ (younger) wuthttN'.
Baby - - •
wol'bai.
Brow -
- flun'gal.
Back -
bun'dh«r.
Breath
- Naiya.
Bag -
bun'pi.
Bronjsewing pigeon mam.
Bank
kun'na.
Bunya meal
- naNW.
Bark -
kombar.
Bush (the) -
- bam'pi.
Base -
yauwan'ni.
Australianbustardkalar'ka.
Bat -
dhM'naram'bi,
Butterfly -
- balumbir.
Naleyam.
Bottom
- dhai'rvi.
Bee (native)
kil'la, kawai.
Beauty
- mun'daimun-
Beard -
yE'ran.
daiua.
Belly -
dhiiNan.
Calf (of the leg)
- bu'y«.
Black man -
dhan.
Camp -
- ki'ra or kirami
, , woman
yi'ran.
Canoe -
- kom'bar.
Bandicoot -
dhun'kal.
Cat (native)
- yu'ruthun.
Bed .
nan'pj.
Catfish
- ba'la.
Bear (native)
kul'la.
Child - - •
- wol'bai.
Boil (a tumor)
dhu'nuNan.
» (my) -
- gum'ma.
Bone -
mm.
Cheek -
- waN'gwm.
Bird -
dhjp'pi
Chin -•
- yik'kal.
Black cockatoo
(1) wjyal,
Circle -
- dh«r.
(2) geyam'biau,
Claw :
- dhi'naN.
(3) dha'rukal.
Collar-bone -
- ku'ra.
Black swan-
kulwn.
Coast-blaoks
- bi'dhala.
Boomerang -
bo'ran.
Cloud -
- mon'dam.
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY.
199
Nouns — continued.
Country
dha.
Falcon
- min min.
Creek -
wir'ra.
Fat -
- ma'rom.
Cousin
ynrn'raM.
Father
- pabun.
Crossing-place ■
waN'gauwan'gau-
Feather
- wun'kal.
ba'rirra.
Fern -
- yim'bun.
Crane -
yilaibodhoman.
Few -
- dhai'yajOrbor'ra,
Crow -
wowa.
or dhwr.
Centipede -
- ki'rai.
Finger
- mol'la.
Crayfish
illai.
Fence -
- wa'ra wa'ra.
Cut - -
- dhjm or kaNun.
Fire -
- ki'ra.
Codfish
tu'ktt.
Flat - .-
- b*r'r«.
Daughter -
do'ranaNan.
Flood -
- Num'ma.
Daughter-in-law
- ne'nanba.
Ely - -
- dhip'pi.
Day -
Nu'raindhau.
Flying fox -
- gi'raman.
Daylight -
(1) dhuluru,
Flying squirrel
- baN'kis.
(2) bar'biman.
Food forbidden to mun'dha.
Darkness
- muin.
minors
Dead tree -.
- dau'wa.
Foot -
- dhJnaN.
Dillie-bag -
Nuam.
Food -
- bin'dha.
Dog (domestic)
wi'yidha or
Fool -
- nun'dal or bor'-
widha.
raman.
„ (native)
- wid'ha karum or
Frog -
-. wor'ba.
wi'yidha karum.
Frost -
- pi'riwga.
Doctor (also per
man'Nur.
Froth -
- wor'ka.
son with charmed
Fur -
- munan'.
Ufe)
Girl -
- wu'rw or wur'kw.
Duck -
nar.
Grandfather
Na'thaN.
Dung -
- gunaN.
(paternal)
Duck (diver)
- dhubttn.
Grandfather
nun'dai.
Eaglehawk -
- bu'thar.
(maternal)
Grandmother
ko'maram.
Ear -
pi'naN.
Earth -
dha.
(paternal)
Edge -
kara'ni or kul'lj.
Grandmother
yBnan.
Eel -
yaVlu.
bam.
(maternal)
Egg -
Grass -
- b^n.
Gully
- dhB'raN.
Elbow
kun'di.
Grub -
- bu'rwga.
Bye - -
mi.
Ghost -
- Nu'thurM.
Eyebrows -
tm'guT.
Guana
- wa'ruj.
Eyelash
dhi'piudyin.
Half -
- (1) bor'ra.
Emu • -
Nu'ruindh.
(2) dh«r,
Face -
su. '
(3) dhaN'ga.
200
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
NOUNS-
Half-oaste - - dhJkui'.
Hawk (large til'gonda.
brown)
Hair - - - dhil'la.
Hat - - • - piN'ga.
Head - - - kam.
Headman - - ka'maran.
Hand - - - pi'rt.
Heart - - - tuk'kw.
Hooka - -. yil'la.
Honey - ■ - gil'la, ka'wai.
Hornet (large) - kau'war.
,, (small) - yau'wa.
Horse - - - yB'raman.
House- - - dhu'ra.
Hole - - - nol'la.
Horn - - - bok'ka.
Husband - - dhan'dor.
Ibis - - - mu'r« gu'ran.
Inland Blacks - wa'pa.
Inside - - nol'lani.
Kangaroo (oldman) ku'rwman.
,, (buck) - mar'rj.
„ (doe) - yj'mar.
„ -rat - pai or owar'Nur.
Knee - - - dhi'm*.
Knife - - - dhak'ke.
Lad - - - bo'thai.
Laughing jackass ka'wuN.
Language - - bon'dha.
Leader - - ka'maran.
Light - - - Sfu'run.
Lightning - - bol'la.
(A) little - - nara'NJ.
Liver - - - ko'naN.
Lip - - - dham'bur.
Lie (falsehood) - gut'dhal,
dha'kun.
Liar - - - yabo'liman.
Leaves - - wu'ruN".
Leg, limb - - tE'raK.
ii(yiit%nued.
Loins -
Nammam.
Log -
dau'wa.
Lungs
waN.
Lizard (Jew)
pi'naN go'ran.
„ (sleepy) -
wun'dum.
„ (water) -
wa'ram.
Man (adult)
ki'var.
„ (old) -
winyir.
. „ (White) ■
mothar or dhi.
Many -
boN'gan.
Magpie (plover) -
ku'rumbul.
Meat -
ba'Nun w mu'-
raN.
Milk -
a'mON.
Mother
a'voN (yr Na'voN.
Mother-in-law
nu'loNgan.
Mountain . -
tun'ba or kun'da.
Moon -
- ba'pun.
Messenger -
dhom'ka.
Middle -
- nirim or Naran'm.
Mouth
- dhaN'ka.
Mionow-like fish
- bu'rum.
Mosquito -
- bun'ba.
Moss -
- wubttN.
Mourning by fast
- Na'rin.
ing
Mud -
- dhi'laN.
Mullet
- ondai'ya.
„ (small)
- dhu'ra.
Murderer -
- mo'tharbiu.
Name
- wil.
Nail (of the finger) gil'len or mol'la.
Neck -
- kum'ma.
Nephew and niece kon'm or boran'-
yin.
Names regulating (1) ba'raN,
marriages
(2) bal'kuindh,
(3) dhErwEn,
(4) bon'da.
News -
- bon'dha. '
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY.
201
Nouns — ccmtinued.
Night -
wuindhau.
Sarsaparilla plant
bo'raboran'bin.
Noise -
dhi'lil.
(as popularly
Nose -
mu'rw.
known)
Nulla nulla (club)
ku'thar.
Seed -
dhu'lar.
Opossum
Naram'bi or
Shadow
Nu'thurw.
kuru'i.
Shepherd's com-
dhiN'k'a dhuf'ka.
Outside
bun'dura, nara'-
panion
m.
Shield -
(1) he'lemon,
Owl -
iN'ka.
(2) kun'marim.
Pebbles (charmed
Shoulder -
Nil'ki.
„ (globular)
Nan'pai orkundtr .
Sinew
khu'kin.
,, (flat and
miTi'kom.
Sister and female
ya'bun.
circular)
cousin
Penis*
dhun.
Sky - ,- -
Nu'rwindh.
Paddimellon
bwal.
Smoke
wu'lwi.
Phlegm
bun'yM.
Skin - -
ka'bar.
Pigeon (wouga) -
woNga'laman.
Smell -
ka.
Place -
dha.
Snake (generally)
mu'raN and wo'-
Platypus -
dhur'kw.
Nai.
Posterior (the) -
mu'mM.
„ (black) -
mul'l«.
Porcupine -
kak'kar.
„ (brown) -
mu'rugjrai.
Punk -
pa'bunbare.
,, (carpet) -
wo'Nai.
Quartz
kuN'kam.
„ (deaf -adder
mun'dulum.
Rain - . -
yuruN.
„ (diamond) -
kjp'pa.
Rainbow -
dhakkan.
,, (grey)
yil'lam.
Ridge - - ■
kun'dM.
„ (short) -
gu'lum.
Rib - -
k«.
„ (spotted
dhjwan'ti.
Redbill (porphy
wa'thom.
scrub)
rio)
„ (whip)
yl'yura. or Nun'-
Redhead (smal
dhu'runkalim.
dar.
bird)
„ (yellow) -
mu'rai.
Redbreast (small dhn'runkaljm.
Song -
yau'war.
bird)
Spear -
kon'nj.
Road or track
kuan.
Son -
nu'kivar.
Rope -
buk'kwr or yur'-
Son-in-law -
ku'tharum.
rw.
Spider-
mothar.
Root -
tE'raN.
Spittle
nuin.
Sap -
kak'ke.
Stink -
bu'ga or bua.
Scrub -
dhu'ri.
Stone -
dhak'ke.
,, turkey
wa'wwn.
Stump
kam'gila.
Scorpion
yi'lai.
Star -
kal'bar.
* See Blaohfellow, which is translated dhcm.—E. M. C.
202
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Nouns — contimued.
Squirrel
Summit
Sun -
Sundown . -
Sunrise
Sweat -
Scar (ornamental
Taste -
Tail ■-
mubjr.
ba'riNa.
Nu'rwindh or
tj'rum.
ti'rumka'rin.
ti'rum won'dan.
Nu'yMm.
mu'lar.
bon'dha.
dh«n.
Tree honeysuckle- bo'tharom.
„ ironbark - dhu'bMn.
„ „ (broad bul'lel.
leafed)
„ ironwood - nan'garin.
„ MoretonBay ku'rand«r.
ash
„ oak (silky) yul'lo.
(Grevillea
robuata).
„ oak (swamp)- bil'lai.
Tear -.
Ni'yul.
„ pine -
kw'nam.
Thigh- - -
tE'raNordhE'raN.
,, red-gum
dhom'ba.
Throat
Thunder -
yip'pi.
mum'ba.
„ stinging
,, stringybark-
gim'pi.
dhu'wai.
Tin vessel -
kak'kar.
„ ti
nam'bwr.
To-day
gi'lumba or ta'li.
„ wattle (black) dhil'gar.
To-morrow -
■ nuin'go or yir'ki.
„ „ (green
bu'pin.
Tomahawk -
mu'yam.
Turkey (scrub) -
wawttn.
Tongue '
Tooth -
- tu'num.
- dhaN'ka.
Uncle . - -
Urine -
kom'mi.
ka'bur.
Top -
barai'yir or ba'-
Vein - - -
kak'ke.
ritha.
Vine -
yur'r«.
Twilight -
(1) buin mul'lw,
Wallaby -
wol'lan.
(2) mul'lMbon.
Water
kuN.
Track -
- kuan.
Water rail -
dha'ran and
Tree -
- dhu.
dhim.
„ apple -
■ bu'pM.
Watershed -
nuk'kM.
„ bastard box
- dhin'kar.
While, a little -
tal'liya.
,, blackbutt
- dhu'lar.
White cockatoo -
gi'gam. -
„ bloodwood
- btt'nar.
White-hooded
kaN'ka.
,, blue-gum
- yir'ra.
eagle
,, bottle -
- bi'rimgan.
.Whiskers -
ys'ran.
,, .box
- min'ka.
Wind -
bu'ran.
,, bunya -
- bon'yi.
Wing -
kun'di.
„ cabbage
- ka'wa.
Woman (old)
ma'run.
„ cabbage-palm pi'bjn.
„ (White)
■ dha'ran.
„ cedar -
- wut'dha.
„ (generally
yi'ran.
„ cherry
- bir'ra bir'ra.
Wife -
• ma'limgan.
,, currajong
- ka'yan, kwn'ma-
Wood -
- dhu.
rim.
Woodpecker
■ yin'dirin.
,, dogwood
- mam'bw.
Worm
- ku'laren.
,, grass -
- dhak'ka.
Yesterday -
- Nam'ba.
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY.
203
Active
pj'ritkithum.
XI V HiS.
Dote -
- wur'ra.
Alive -
(1) man'Nwr, (2)
Dry -
- buthttN.
mur'r«mur'rM.
Dull (in spirits)
- yin'na.
Amazed
mi wu'ruwoman.
Early -
- dhu'lura.
Angry-
(1) nol'la baN'-
Easy (pace)
- Ni'ta.
wonda mora-
Empty
- nol'la.
man, or
Eternal
- Nam.
(2) baN'ku, or
Every -
- kom'kalim.
(3) yam'Nan.
Fat -
- (l)brak'ke,
Bad -
waraN.
(2) ma'rom.
Bald -
nil'kan.
Fearful (in dread) nol'la wa'rabin.
Black -
mul'lM.
Few -
- nara'NJ.
Big -
- yns'-9tux.
First -
- wu'rM.
Blind -
- mi gu'l«m,
Flat -
- ba'lan.
Blunt -
- gu'lwm.
Fly-blown -
- diNan'ga.
Brave -
- wa wi'dhiman.
False -
- dha'kan.
Bright
- mj kakTsiman.
Full ■
- gum'ka and, wul'-
Brimful
tam'bwrwan.
buN.
Broad -
- pi'ba.
Foolish
- nun'dal.
Bushy
- mot'yi
Free (gratis)
- yul.
Charmed -
man'NMr.
Fresh
- dhu'lwr.
Cheerful
- nol'la kala'NMr.
Frightened -
- wi'dhiman.
Clear -
• ku'laNMr. •
Giddy
- mi ku'rin or kam
Clean -
- kak'kal.
ku'riman.
Clever -
- bun'ba.
Glad -
- nol'la yaNga'lin.
Cold -
- walai or wala'-
Good -
- kala'NMr.
thau.
Grey (of the hair) gi'lan.
Cooked
- ka'pi.
jj ■
- dha'wudha'wul.
Cool -
- ya'gal.
Greedy (selfish)
- yaN'gan gi'vir.
Cowardly -
- wi'dhi.
Haughty ■
- Nir'boman.
Costive
- dhu'Niin
Heavy
- dhi'kir.
dhu'pon.
Happy
mun'dhar.
Crooked
- war'kun.
Hard -
- but'dha.
Cruel -
-' duma'riman.
High -
- Na'kan.
Curious (strange)
kar'va.
Hot -
- ma'riman.
Damp -
kam'Na.
Hungry
- gan'dho.
Dark -
wuin'dhau.
Humble
- mo'rombaluman.
Dead -
ba'luman.
Hunched
- bul'tyin.
Deaf -
(Ijpj'naNgu'lMm,
Ill-natured -
- ku'wai go'ran.
or (2) Nu'rum.
Impudent -
- dha'bar.
Dirty -
mul'lw.
Inquisitive -
- bi'yan.
204
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Adjectives-
—contmued.
Invincible -
wup'pin.
Pretty -
- mun'dai.
Itching
bi'dhaman.
Quick -
- (1) wai'yallo.
Jealous
mi kam'biman.
(2) ka'la, and
Kind -
ko'nanboman.
(3) dhal'U.
Lank -
dhu'NMn
Quiet -
- (1) dhi'ljtm,
gan'dhbo.
(2) dhikwl, or
Large -
wiu'wur.
(3) konan.
La2y -
ka'wun ka'bi.
Ready
- Nam.
Lean -
ba'Nundom or
Red -
- bothar or ku'thi-
dau'wan.
N«r.
Left-handed
wi'dhONgar.
Reconciled
- bu'rimoraman.
Life-possessing,
man'NMrNMr.
Restless
- Nud'hulM.
life-giving
Right (not
wrong) yam'ba.
Light (in weight)
nan'dimathi
Ripe -
- ma'rimathi.
,> (not dark)
Nu'ruindhau.
Rotten
- bu'thi.
Lively
kak'ka.
Scowling, sneering xwx'xu womba'li-
Longing - .
nol'la gu'lumbo
man.
man.
Shady -
■ bur'pM.
Loud -
wop'paro or
Sharp -
- mun'dw go'ran.
pm'arw.
Short -
- dhal'bwr.
Like (in appear-
(1) yj'kjman,
Sick -
- bai'yiNwr.
ance)
(2) yi'rina.
Slippery, smooth dhan'dar.
Lustful.
war'raio.
Skinned
- dhim. ■
Mad -
pj'naN gu'lwm.
Sleepy-
- mi buwan.
Many -
boN'gan or gur-
Slow -
- yul.
win'dha.
Soft -
- dhulu'la.
More -
yan'ga.
Sour -
- taN'kam.
Narrow
dhal'bMr,
Sorry -
- nol'la kai'yaman.
Near-sighted
mi mu'piman.
SmaU -
- (1) dho'toarami
New -
dha'libandh.
or (2) dha'rami
Noisy -
dhilil'NMr.
or (3) dhom'mc
None -
■ ka'bi.
Spotted
- ku'nubar.
Old -
W»'rubandh or
Stinking
- (1) bu'ga, or
WM'ruwEndh.
(2) bua, or
One -
■ ka'lim or
(3) buga'nwr.
kwa'lim.
Still -
- dhi'kMl.
Other -
- kar'va or dha'ra.
Straight
- dhu'ran.
Overmuch -
- bam'guna.
Strong
- (1) but'dha.
Painful
- kig'yar.
(2) bau'thar or
Pleased
- nol'la dhan'dar-
bau'guthar.
ban.
Stupid
- nun'dal.
MAKY RIVER AND BUNYA BTJNYA COUNTRY.
205
Adjectives — con tirvmd.
Surprised -
- nol'la wu'laihan.
True -
- gi'vir.
Sulky -
- baN'kM.
Ugly - -
- ta'Nunba or
Sunny -
- nui'yim.
mot'yi.
Sweet -
- ge'yar.
Unwilling -
- wa ka'wun fi'Ena-
Swollen
- dhu'rumi or
man.
wul'bu.
Wall-eyed •
- mi wu'lwiNwr.
Tall -
- guran or goran.
Wanting
- gu'lum.
Tame -
- ko'nan.
Well (in health)
- man'Nwrbathin.
Thick -
- wiN'wttr.
Wet -
- di'Nan.
That -
- mo'raNa.
Weak -
- ua'man mokkan.
Thin -
- ua'ran.
White- - .
- ka'kal.
Thirsty
- Naiyal'lo.
Wild -
- (1) ka'rum, cr
This -
- ka'riNa,
(2) baN'goran.
Ticklish
- wi'riman.
Willing -
- ka'wun nBna-
Tired -
- Nai'ya ba'lun.
man.
Tight - -
- but'dha and
Windy
- bu'rando.
pi'nanj.
Withered -
- bu'thwN.
Two -
■ bul'la.
Pbon
Wicked, wrong
OTTNS.
■ wa'raN.
I
- Nai, a'dhw, or
Na'dhw.
We -
- Na'lin.
My or mine
- Nan'yuNgai.
You and I -
- Na'linNin.
Our or ours -
- Na'lino or
n&\vasvx.
Me -
- Nan'na, a'dhu, or
Na'dhw.
Us -
- Na'lin.
Thou -
- Nin'dM or Nin.
You - -
- Nu'lam.
Thy or thine
- Ni'noNgai.
Your or yours
- Nu'lamo.
Thee -
- Nin'na, Nin'bola.
You -
- Nu'lambola.
He, she, or it
- Nun'daormon'da.
They - -
- dhi'nabit.
His, hers, its
- Nun'dano.
Their, theirs
- dhina'bano.
Him, &c. -
- Nun'dabola.
Them -
- dhina'lmbola.
Another and I
- No'lom.
Anyone, everyone, kar'vandhilum.
You two
- bu'la.
everybody
YouaU -
Own -
Self -
This one
- Nu'pM.
- NU'ka.
- mit'dhi.
- ka'riNa.
Another's -
Alone -
Other -
- dhomkai'yir.
- mit'dhino.
- kar'va or dhar'ra.
That one -
- ko'radhM.
Some . . others kar'.va . . kar'va
206
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Pronouns — Intebbogativb.
Who -
- Nan'do Nan'gai.
What -
- Nan'do or mJ'naN-
Whose
- Nan'yuNgai.
How many -
gai.
- mifia'ma or mifi-
Whom and which Nan'gaimini.
am'ba.
Veebs.
Ache -
- bai'y*-
Come -
- ba'man.
AUow -
- yaNgali'noman.
„ in -
- ka'ri.
Answer
- yj'kj ya'man.
„ out -
- wu'rwboman.
Awake
- kin'ma.
,, back -
- biya'boman.
Bathe -
- ku'NM wil'li.
Cooee -
- biysl'li
Be - -
- flE'naman.
Cover -
- (l)kam'biman, or
Be there - •
- min'dior mjn'da.
(2) banj'raman.
Believe
- gi'viv wun'-
Cross -
- waN'goma,n.
bomba.
Cry -
- du'NJman.
Bite -
- kai'yathin.
Cut -
- (1) kau'wan, or
Boil -
- ma'ringa.
(2) wu'lathin.
Bleed (intrans.)
- kak'ke ba'man.
Cure -
- bai'yi yaNga'li-
Be born
- (1) dak'aman,
thin.
(2) won'doman.
Divide (or deal
wiyu'laiyM.
.Break -
- (l)kom'Naii, or
out)
(2) bu'riman.
Delay -
- wON'gali.
Be quiet
- yul nE'naman.
Desist -
- wonai.
Bring -
- ba'reman.
Die -
- ba'luman.
Buck ■
- war'ran.
Dislike
- wonai.
Burn (trans.)
- wa'raba.
Dismount -
- flEndaio.
,, (intrans.)
- ma'rin.
To be done -
- ka'bjroman.
Burst -
- bu'lunirra.
Draft -
- bun'gaman.
Call -
- yB'ljman.
Dream
- ba'riwundaman.
Catch -
- dhom'ma.
Drink -
- dha'thin..
,-, flsh -
- kau'wamathi.
Drive away
- mi'bamma.
Care ■
- ka'wun.
Drown (pass.)
- (1) ka'ruman, or
Carry -
- womba'ljthin.
(2) ka'ron.
Converse -
- yathu'laiyw.
Dry -
- dha'lman.
Change
- ka'riisra ma'lia.
Eat -
- (1) dhau, or
Chase -
- {!) Ahi'Tiihhi,and
(2) dho'man.
(2) warj'naman.
Enter -
- ka'rithin.
Chew -
- dhin'piman.
Fall -
- bumba'lin.
Chop -
- ka'NJthin,
,, upon -
- womba'liman.
Climb -
- (l)bon'yindan,o»'
Peel -
- bon'dhoman.
(2) won'dan.
Fetch -
- ba'rjman.
Cause to drink
- bidha'Unda.
Fight -
- baiyu'laiyWi
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY.
207
Vbbbs — continued.
Find -
- bat'yiman.
Lift -
- bun'ma.
Fly (as birds)
- dhu'rapian.
Lie (speak falsely) (1) dha'kun ya,
Forget
- (1) pi'naN ba'lu-
(2) yabo'liman.
man,' or
„ (r«cline)
- yun'maman.
(2) Nara'loman.
Like -
- ka'wun.
Forgive
- bon'na konan
Look -
- nai'yilathin.
wo'nimba.
Lose -
- Nara'loman.
Gape -
- wul'lai.
Love -
- balu'raman.
Give -
- wum'Nan.
Make-
- yaN'goman.
Gnaw -
- dhan'dhoman.
Make cry -
duNinu'raman.
Go - -
- yan'man.
Mark -
- bandh'NMr.
Go home
yan'mare.
Marry
- (1) bin'dhamathi,
Grasp -
- kol'bathiTi.
or (2) dhom'mo-
Grow -
- dhu'ruman.
man.
Haste -
- Nam (impera-
Mend -
- (1) yi'lvana, or
tive).
(2) bau'waman.
Hate -
- wa ka'wun.
Mount
- wo'Nali.
Have -
- (1) kai, or
Obey -
- ka'lu vro'Naman.
(2) min'da.
Play - -
- biwa'thin.
Hold -
- dho'mathin.
Perambulate
- wak'karin yan'-
Help -
- Nu'ponathia.
dirm.
Hit -
- bun'baman.
Prepare
- nau'wapira.
Issue -
- bi'raman.
Pull -
- yu'ri. •
Joke -
- dha'rithin.
Put -
- yivari.
Jump -
- (l)yauwara, and
„ away -
- mivari
(2) war'rai.
„ in-
- (l)kari'naman, or
Kick -
■ na'ruman.
(2) mo'aman.
Kill ■
- bai'yiman.
„ out
- wuruyiva'rjthiuj.
Know -
Kisa -
- vro'Naman.
- dham'bwr bun'bi-
,, up
Relish
- womba'thin.
- nol'la bau'wan.
Laugh
Leave -
thin.
- wa'thiman.
- wo'naimathj
Remember -
- (1) wa pi'naNba'-
luman, or (2)
pj'naN bamai'thj.
„ (abandon)
Lend -
Let (allow) -
yiva'rj.
won'damathi.
- timba'rowa.
- wum'Nan.
Resemble -
Return
- yi'kiman.
- (1) bjyam'gaiyo,
or (2) bom'ko-
man,0?'(3)bjya'-
>. go
- bin'dha.
boman.
„ out
- wu'ruwathin.
Revolve
- ku'rjman.
Light (kindle)
■ ba'raiyo.
Ride -
- kaN'kithin.
„ (iutrans.)
- Nan'daboman.
Rise -
- won'doman.
208
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Vbebs—
continued.
Roast -
- ki'raba mor'ba.
Stop (remain)
- nEnai.
Roll -
- dhinda'Kman.
„ (arrest)
- kakka'rJM.
Run -
- bidha'ljthin.
Stand -
- b«'bai or bMwan.
Scold -
- yam'Numan.
Strengthen, hold bu'dha,wathin.
Scratch
- dhtt'ma.
fast
Search
• (1) wor'raman, or
Suck -
- bun'bjthin.
(2) wa'karraio,
Sweat -
- NM'yamboman.
or (3) kauwa'liM-
Swell -
- dhu'rumi.
See -
- nomNa'thj.'
Swim -
- yuNga'thin.
Seek -
- nar'riM.
Take -
- (1) kaN'go, or '
Send -
- bin'dha.
(2) kom'Nan, or
Separate
- ban'yau.
(3) bumna'li.
Sing -
- dop'pathin.
,, back -
- biya'viiadiu.
Shake -
- dhu'wa.
,, in (admit)
- karm'dimi. '
Shell -
- rai'bira.
Taste -
- yavan'dha.
Shoot -
- bun'bara.
Teach -
- Nutana'lia.
Show -
- KOm'ba.
Think -
- vro'NTiman or
Sink -
- fiin'daman.
vroNaman.
Sit ■
- nE'naman.
Throng • -
- kaka'riman.
Skin -
- Nol'la wul'la,
Try - -
- Natam.
Sleep -
- buan'do yun'ma-
Turn (trans.)
- kuri'naman.
man.
Tire -
- Nai'ya ba'luna.
Smell- . -
- ba'liman.
Throw
- tiNga'thin.
Smoke (a pipe)
- kaiya'thin.
,, down
- bomka'numan.
Smash or strike
- bon'dhira.
Wait -
- won'miman.
Speak -
- ya'man.
Walk -
- yul yan'man.
„ quickly
- yBlB'Hman.
Want (require)
- wandha'roman.
Spear -
- bau'wa.
Warm-
- wa'kobora.
Spring up -
- yj'raman.
Wash -
- kak'kal yiva'ri.
Split -
- wul'la.
Watch
- ninan'diman.
Squeeze
- (1) uau'waman,
Whisper
- wop'pa yEl'li.
(2)buluni'raman,
Whistle -
- kMi'bi.
(3)wo'rabu'dha-
Wipe -
- kak'kal gira'sili-
man, (4) Nu'mra.
thin.
Steal -
- kor'raman.
Work -
- yuaN'biniliii.
Sting - ■ -
- bau'waman.
Adv]
Wring the neck
BEBS.
- ku'namara.
Above -
- ba'ritha.
Almost
- bar.
After or behind
- bjya'ui.
Also -
- yjki.
Afterwards -
- bona gj'ra.
Always
- Nam.
Alone -
- ka'lim.
Back -
- bi'ya.
MARY RIVER AND BUNYA BUNYA COUNTRY.
209
Adveebs — contimied.
Before -
- wu'r«m.
Nowhere
ka'bi.
By-and-by -
■ bon'na wop'pa.
Often -
(1) kir'wa, and
Close -
- Nol'la.
(2) Nam.
Directly
- dhali.
On horseback
nan'Nur.
Early -
- (1) dhalj, or
On foot
dhi'naNgo.
(2) dhu'lura.
Other side -
gun'mani.
Eternally -
- Nam.
Out -
wu'rii.
Everywhere
- (l)ko'laNako'la,
Slowly
wop'pa or yul.
or (2) we'fio Na
There -
kola or mola.
we'no.
That side -
(1) non'da fion-
Far -
- mukir.
da'ni, or (2)
Farther
- kila'thunda.
ko'la dhu'rMni.
Fast -
- ka'lM.
This side
(1) ba'riNa, or (2)
Firmly
- (l)but'dha, or
(2) pi'narw.
ka'ri dhu'rwni.
First -
- wu'ra.
Thus -
(1) yi'ri, or
For -
- ka'ri
(2) yi'rin.
Gently
Headwards,
- wop'pa.
by kam'Nwr.
Top -
(1) ba'riNa, or
(2) ba'ritha.
the head
Under -
tar'vano.
Here -
- (1) ka'rj, (2) kai,
Vainly, in vain, f oi
yul.
(3) ka'dhj, (4)
nothing
muh.
Very, very much-
kar'va.
If - -
- (1) we'fio, or
Well, rightly
yam'bo.
(2) bo'na.
When (interrog.)-
we'noboUa.
How -
- mi'naNgo.
When (at that
(1) we'fio, or
Just now -
- kai.
time)
(2) bona.
Late -
- Nam.
Whether or not -
we'flamba.
More -
- yaN'ga.
Where
(1) we'fio, or
Near -
- pjra'm.
(2) we'nomini.
Never -
- wa.
Whither -
Nan'gaibola.
No -
- (1) wa, (2)wa'ka,
While -
bo'na.
Noisily
(3) ka'bi.
- dhilil'baNttr.
Why -
(1) mina'ni, (2)
wan'dhurathin,
Not -
- (1) wa, (2) ka'bi,
(3) bar (gene-
(3) mina'lo.
rally with im-
Yes -
(1) yau'ai, or
perative).
Intbej
ECTIONS.
(2) yaau.
All right -
- yau'aiyauai.
Well done -
(1) kala'N«r, or
By no means
- wa wa.
Signifying—
(2) kaburau.
Halloo
- arau.
Credence -
im'ba.
Indeed
- i'Na.
Pleasure -
a'rirom.
Just so so -
- (1) e'yila, or
Regret
e.
(2)ila, or
Surprise -
(1) gin'di, or
(2) Nrrrr.
(3) yau'aimba.
Self-satisfaction
moun.
vor., ra.
(
)
210
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 167.— UPPER BRISBANE RIVER.
By W. Landsboeottoh, Esq., and Montagi; Cukk, Esq.
Two vocabularies of the language of the Upper Brisbane
River, forwarded by the gentlemen named above, differ so
little that only one of them is inserted. The reader may
compare the translations of Blackfellow and kangaroo.
The following Additional Words were supplied by Mr.
Landsborongh : —
Husband
- nuim.
Opossum-cloak
- kobinga.
Wife -
- numgang.
Lightning -
- mira.
Uncle -
- numa.
To fall
- bowman.
Girl -
- una.
To swim
- kauyoo.
Ornamental scars- bimdara.
When-
- wungang.
Chin -
- yakka.
Here -
- kunma.
Ribs -
- koongara.
White
- chilling.
Neck -
- bimbay.
Black -
- meer.
Frog -
- iuba.
Pine-tree -
- koonin.
No. 167.— UPPER BRISBANE RIVER.
By W.
Landsbokotjgh Esq.
, AND MONTAaU CUKK, ESQ.
Kangaroo -
- dgiu.
Hand
- bay or bee.
Opossum
- dthooan, koom-
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
bay.
- boo-gin.
3 Blacks -
One -
- karro.
Emu -
- moee.
Two -
- booyoo, yerio.
Black duck -
- nyem.
Three -
-
Wood duck -
-
Four -
.,
Pelican
- blooguUum.
Father
- boba.
Laughing jackass koaka.
Native companion
White cockatoo - gaira.
Mother
Sister -Elder
- mwang, kame.
- thadje.
Crow -
- wawa.
,, Younger
-
Swan -
- meweean
Brother-Elder
- dooda.
Egg - -
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
- maa or moa.
- unda.
- eel.
,, Younger
A young man - gibbar, keeburi
An old man - yanyar.
Crayfish
-
An old woman
- yanyarin.
Mosquito -
- munyagurrun.
A baby
- barree.
Fly -
Snake -
The Blacks -
- din.
- booyee.
- dthun.
A White man
Children -
- moee, mybay.
- yunam.
A Blackfellow
- dthun.
Head -
- ma.
A Black woman
- booberim.
Eye -
- mia.
Nose -
- mi-i.
Ear ■
- pinnung.
UPPER BRISBANE RIVER.
211
No
167.— Upper Brisbane Rmn— continued.
Mouth
■ tamboor.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- ding, taynang.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heac
- ma.
Wood -
- dnattoo.
Beard -
- eka, mulingin.
Stone -
- doee, teya.
Thunder
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
Breasts
Thigh -
Foot -
Bone -
Blood -
- meera.
- bun.
- bokoor,
- moo.
- dundur, amoo.
- dthungur.
- dinnung, ohin-
nang,
- geera.
- deel.
Camp -
Yes -
No -
I
You -
Bark -
Good -
Bad -
Sweet -
- kauime.
- yow.
- woka or yaka.
- goin, boon.
- nga.
- koondoo.
- kallang.
- yeng, weeang.
Skin -
- bim.
Food -
- gooyoor.
Fat -
- mem.
Hungry
- dthurrii.
Bowels
- na.
Thirsty
- goonbero.
Excrement -
- goonang.
Eat -
- dthowo.
War-spear -
- nyam, gooranga,
Sleep -
- wondo.
Reed-spear -
-
Drink -
- dthow, goon-
Throwing-stick
- daddoo.
barro.
Shield
- koomarri.
Walk -
- yango.
Tomahawk -
- mooyim.
See -
- ka, nga.
Canoe -
- koondoo.
Sit -
- yinne.
Sun -
- weeim.
Yesterday -
- moona.
Moon -
- ka kurra.
To-day
- ming.
Star -
- murriugum.
To-morrow -
- tomo, gango.
Light -
- koonee.
Where are
the wundja dthun
Dark -
- nwore.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- nyaar.
I don't know
- waka natchi
Heat -
- murra, gimow.
benga.
Day -
- kitter, maybing.
Plenty
- yoorun.
Night -
- djoo.
Big -
- mooanina.
Fire -
- kooyoom.
Little -
- nunana.
Water -
- goong.
Dead -
- bootir, bonja.
Smoke
- thoom.
By-and-by -
- quay.
Ground
- dtha.
Come on
- eaba, kow-wy.
Wind -
- boorun.
Milk -
-
Rain -
-
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
.
Wife .
- numgang.
02
212
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE i
No. 168.— BRISBANE RIYER.
TURRUBUL LANGUAGE.
By the late Revd. William Ridley.
The translation of my Common Vocabulary which follows
was kindly made for me by the late Revd. William Ridley.
In the Kamilaroi of that gentleman, Turrubul is one of the
languages treated of, and from it I make the following
extracts : —
NOTINS.
du- (suffix) signifies agency, and distinguishes the nomi-
native which has a verb from the simple name.
Example.
1st nominative: -
- duggai
- a man.
2nd nominative -
- duggaidu
- a man (followed by a verb),
Genitive
- duggainubba
- of a man.
Dative
- dugganu
- for or to a man.
Accusative -
- duggana
- a man.
Ablative
- duggaibuddi -
- with a man.
>> " ■
- duggaiti
- at a man.
J)
- duggaida
- from a man.
Plural-
- duggatin
- men, people.
Gendbk.
Difference of gender is expressed sometimes by using
different words, as kruman, a male kangaroo (largest spe-
cies); yimma, female kangaroo.
Sometimes the suffix -gun or -un gives a feminine signi-
fication, as in the proper family names, e.g., derwain,
derwaingun; bundar, bundargun; bandur, bandurun; also
nurring (son), nurringgun (daughter).
BRISBANE RIVER. 213
Verbs.
The most remarkable feature in tlie grammar of the
Australian languages is the very extensive inflection of the
verbs. The voices, active, reciprocal, causative, permissive,
&c., are numerous; and the tenses are adapted to express
various slight modifications of past and future.
214
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 168.— BRISBANE RIVER-TURRUBUL LANGUAGE.
By the late Rbvd. Willam Ridley.
Kangaroo -
kurooman,murri.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
kubbi.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
meye, mirri.
3 Blacks
Wild dog -
ngulgul.
Emu -
nguyi.
One -
- kunnar.
Black duck -
nar.
Two -
- boodela.
Wood duck
ngulgul (?).
Three -
- muddan.
Pelican
bulualum.
Pour -
- boodela-boodela.
Laughing jackass
kakoowan.
Father
- bing, booba.
Native companion
White cockatoo
kaiyar.
Mother
- poojang.
Crow -
wowul, wowa.
Sister-Elder
- mungungkul.
Swan -
„ Younger
- dadi.
Egg - -
Brother-Elder
- ngubbunga.
Track of a foot ■
,, Younger duangal.
Msh -
kuiyur.
Lobster
A young man
- kippa.
Crayfish
An old man-
-
Mosquito -
tibing.
An old woman
-
Ply -
doodunburra.
A baby
- mooalam.
Snake -
yuun, kabul.
A White man
- magui, makoran
The Blacks -
tyan or dum-
Children
- mammul.
boing.
A Blaokf ellow -
dan- tyan.
Head -
- magool, kom.
A Black woman -
yeran, ingaran.
Eye -
- mia, mil.
Nose -
mooro.
Ear -
- pidua.
BRISBANE RIVER.
215
No. 168. — Beisbane River — Tubeubul Language — amtirmed.
Mouth
- tamburu.
Boomerang -
- barrakadan.
Teeth -
- tier.
Hill -
.
Hair of the head kabui.
Beard -
- yeren.
Wood
- bagur.
Thunder
- moombal.
Stone ■
- nullungirra.
Grass -
- bungil.
Camp -
-
Tongue
-
Yes -
- yoai.
Stomach
- tiggeri.
No -
- yugar, wookka
Breasts
- tundera.
Thigh -
- durra.
I
- ngutta, atta.
Foot -
- tidna.
You -
- nginta, inda.
Bone -
- tjirben.
Bark -
-
Blood -
• kaoun, giwoor.
Good -
- murroomba.
Skin -
-
Bad -
.
Pat -
_
Bowels
.
Sweet -
Excrement -
- kudena, bandiko,
Food -
-
dual (dog's);
Hungry
- waiara.
gunang (ox's).
Thirsty
War-spear -
- bila.n.
Eat -
Reed-spear -
Wommera or
■
Sleep -
- boogan.
throwing-stick
Drink -
-
Shield -
- kuntan.
Walk -
Tomahawk -
-
See -
nauni.
Canoe
- koondu.
Sit -
- nginnen.
Sun -
Moon -
- bigi, kuiyar.
- killen, baboon.
Yesterday -
-
Star -
- mirregia.
To-day
-
Light -
- kittibilla.
To-morrow -
-
Dark -
- koorunkoorun.
Where are
the
Cold -
- igil.
Blacks ?
Heat -
_
I don't know
_
Day -
- bigi, kuiyar.
Night -
- ngoonnoo.
Plenty
-
Fire -
- kuddum or kui-
Big -
- kuroomba.
yum.
Little -
-
Water
- tabbU.
Dead -
Smoke
- duun.
By-and-by -
Ground
- yarun
Come on
.
Wind -
-
Milk -
.
Rain -
.
God -
- moombal, mirir,
Eaglehawk -
- dibbil.
burrai.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- magui, makorou.
Wife -
- mirru.
BOOK THE TWELFTH.
BOOK THE TWELFTH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
Of the tribes dealt with in this book, those which inhabit
the shores of the mainland show in their languages a close
relationship, and remind us of the fact that every tribe
prefers the neighbour whose customs, food-supply, and mode
of life resembles its own.
220
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 169.— CONDAMINE AND CHARLEY'S CREEK— MURRUM-
NINGAMA TRIBE.
FOBWAEDED BY THE COMMISSIONER OP POLICE, BRISBANE.
appears as
Kangaroo -
groomon
Opossum
groona.
Tame dog -
buggin.
Wild dog -
wage.
Emu -
mooe.
Black duck -
moonrm.
Wood duck -
Pelican
giteum.
Laughing jackass kakkage
Native companion mendra.
White cockatoo
gera.
Crow -
wa.
Swan -
Egg - -
mor.
Track of a foot
tumba.
Pish -
marea.
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
ding.
Fly ■
Snake -
• booe.
The Blacks -
booa.
A Blackfellow
garoon.
A Black woman
geran.
Nose -
mia.
y be compared.
Kungi = thirsty.
n the Barcoo.
Hand -
■ ma.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
grogna.
Three -
grunda.
Four -
Father
■ babo.
Mother
- moang.
Sister-Elder
- morun.
„ Younger
Brother-Elder
- towin.
„ Younger
A young man
- kipper.
An old man
- gringa.
An old woman
- bubram.
A baby
- gugroo.
A White man
- krabe.
Children -
Head -
- mow.
Eye ■
- maye.
Ear -
- binang.
CONDAMINB AND CHARLEY'S CREEK.
221
No. 169. — CONDAMINE AND ChARLEY'S CrEEK — MTIBRTrMNINGAMA
Tribe — continued.
Mouth
kam.
Boomerang -
buramna.
Teeth -
deang.
Hill -
Hair of the head
kamee.
Wood -
doodoo.
Beard -
- eka.
Stone -
die.
Thunder -
- meera.
Camp -
murrun.
Grass -
- bunn.
Yes -
Tongue
- punnan.
No -
Stomach
- kumde.
I
Breasts
- dundara.
You -
Thigh -
- genar.
Bark -
tundo.
Foot -
- ginang.
Good -
kulang.
Bone -
- dea.
Bad -
Blood -
- dunde.
Skin -
Sweet -
kambora
Fat -
Pood -
doeo.
Bowels
-
Hungry
tiroy.
Excrement -
-
Thirsty
kungi.
War-spear -
- ngea.
Eat -
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
Throwing-stick
-
Drink -
Shield -
- gumurry.
Walk -
Tomahawk -
- nyam.
See -
Canoe -
- kundung.
Sit -
Sun -
- genan.
Yesterday -
Moon -
Star -
- gooea.
- koge.
To-day
Light -
- koomi.
To-morrow -
Dark -
- mulkan.
Where are the
Cold -
-
Blacks ?
Heat -
- agga.
I don't know
Day -
- daroo.
Plenty
Night -
- mulkan.
Big - -
Fire -
- kooinim.
Little -
Water-
- koom.
Dead -
- bonang.
Smoke
- dumda.
By-and-by -
Ground
- jaw.
Come on
Wind-
- buran.
Milk -
Rain -
- merria.
Eaglehawk -
God -
-
Wilk turkey
woun.
Ghosts
- mooeimng.
Wife -
numgun.
322 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 170.— STKADBROKE AND MOEETON ISLANDS.
GOENPUL, WOGEE, AND NOONUKUL TRIBES.
By Geokge Watkin, Esq., and J. E. Hamilton, Esq.
The following information relative to the three tribes named
above was forwarded to me by Mr. George Watkin ; a second
vocabulary also of the Jandai language, which it has not
been thought necessary to insert, was kindly sent to me
by Mr. J. E. Hamilton. An incomplete vocabulary of the
Moondjan language, which much resembles Jandai, which
Mr. Watkin forwarded, is also omitted.
The Goenpul tribe occupies the central and southern
portion of Stradbroke Island, and its language is called
Jandai. The Noonukul tribe owns the northern portion of
that island, and its language is called Moondjan. The
Wogee tribe occupies Moreton Island, and its language is
called Goowar or Gooar. The name of the language, in
each of these cases, is the equivalent of no, as the reader will
see in two instances by turning to the attached vocabularies.
STRADBROKE AND MORETON ISLANDS. 223
The following particulars apply to tlie remnants of the
three tribes who now live pretty much together. Their
number amounts to about 65 persons. Many of them are
half-castes, others quadroons, and females largely predomi-
nate. Since the year 1868, Mr. Watkin remarks that their
numbers have fallen off at least one-half. Eeading over that
gentleman's replies to my questions, little information is to be
gathered which has not been already laid before the reader in
connection with other tribes. It may be remarked, however,
that ornaments are worn made of the nautilus shell ; that
spears are thrown by hand, and boomerangs of both sorts are
in use. Water is carried in the sheaths of the Seaforthia
palm. Fish, honey, and snakes are amongst the principal
articles of food, as well as the fern-root (JmngwaV), which is
(or was) beaten into a pulp between two stones, and then
baked like a damper in the ashes, or cooked on the coals.
Particular sorts of food were forbidden to the males at certain
ages, others to the women in general, and others to women
whilst pregnant. Many years ago small-pox is reported to
have ravaged these islands; our occupation of which took
place in 1824 or 1825, at which period a branch penal settle-
ment was formed on Stradbroke. Class-marriage still prevails,
and in the Goenpul tribes the names of the classes, male
and female, are Bandoor, Bandoorookuu; Bunta, Buntagun;
Barang, Barangun; Darawan, Darawangun. Marriages take
place both within and without the tribe. Children, of course,
belong to the tribe of the father. Males are scarred for
ornament on the chest, back, and arms; females on the arms
and legs. The last joint of the little finger of one hand used
to be taken off. Preparatory to burial, the corpse is made
into the shape of a ball. In these tribes, as in all others of
which accounts have reached me, consumption is the general
cause of deaths. A messenger sent to another tribe carries
a notched stick with him, the size of one's finger. The custom
prevails of an old man in times of illness sucking the part in
pain, and pretending to extract by his lips or teeth a piece of
wood, which he spits out. The people of these tribes have no
224
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
objection to tell their names, as
The following is a list of them,
we know many others have,
male and female: —
Namea of Men.
Names of Women.
Kunjo.
Nuraneum.
Peeamareeba
Kuranpin.
Tikukka.
Gmirradju.
Ween.
Boonbinpin.
Nuggin.
Toompanee.
Gootenoo.
Quelbeean.
Weedjumpare-
Djurpoorbudjur.
Kmgalmoon-
jipimba.
gun.
Kooroo.
Doodaree.
Curreewurryba.
Kindara.
Nundgily.
Nookembar.
Gnoonoopi.
Atta-oarrara
Gnoonappee.
Pubbal.
Mudloomba.
Puddlin.
Ngamingba.
Wunnycunny.
Pirrinpirrinba.
Cununou.
Buddla.
Mumbyeeba.
Djaroowan-
Nunko.
Boodlumberr.
Biteeri.
cowan.
Geera.
Boodjoombirree-
Wilcoonareeba. Dimbal.
Eeree.
bar.
Timbin.
Djilmorr.
Pimbeean.
Doomallee.
Treppen.
Djaium.
Ki'tita.
Kunaroombar.
Yaggojay.
Weeneeba.
Tchilper.
Ngoomgarroo.
Goobee.
Beemee.
Millingirr.
Billoonga.
Gindareeba.
Killil-kiim.
Oonto.
Djoonabin.
Goombilleba,
Timgil.
Kooloom.
Wapumareeba.
Boodjarpin.
Waggun.
Wyan.
Tudloalbun.
Kuttageeri.
Toharoheedun-
Boondooba.
Coora.
Yillaroon.
areeba.
Djurrgeerun
■
Additional Won
,DS AND Phkases.
Wallaby -
- boogal.
Brother-in-law - kabakerie.
Bandicoot -
- yagooi.
Aunt -
- maran.
Rat -
- kooril.
Uncle -
- kame.
Plying fox -
- kieraman.
Husband
- noogoonping.
Dugong
- yimgan.
Wife -
- noogoonpingun.
Mullet
- andekal.
North wind
- tinbin.
Schnapper -
- pimba.
South wind
- booran.
Stingaree -
- bangko.
East wind •
- winohia.
Oyster
- kinyingarra.
West wind
■ tchoongie.
Pearl oyster
- koanpe.
Creek -
- warril.
Crab -
- yeerin.
Clouds
- kalen.
Black snake
- doomgoor.
Native flax
- imboon.
Whip snake
- deerooyn.
Leaves
- kajal.
Carpet snake
- kabool.
J^ViV V \./w
Deaf adder -
- mooloomkul.
Woman's ba
g - goolay.
Elbow
- goontie.
Yam-stick
- kalgooro.*
Want -
- wangie-wangie.
Red (blood)
- kowan.
Forehead -
- yelim.
Stringybark
-tree goondool.
Widower -
- boorgoon.
To strike
- bomar.
* In other dialects we have kaalk, meaning wood and also spear,
STRADBROKE AKD MORBTON ISLANDS.
225
Additional Words
You go, I will Gobana inter,
come by-and-by utcha baro
balgalpin.
I dreamed about Utcha ine bibooii'
you mare.
Who told you? ■ Ando ine yare?
Sit (down) - - Yinila.
Get up - - Balka.
What (are) you Minango inter
laughing at? giadan?
Where (are) you Wunya inter
going? yeranya?
AND Phkasbs — contirmed.
I will cut you
Who cut you?
Cut it -
Have you eaten? -
Tell your father -
You lie
How many did
you get?
Let go -
Are you awake ? -
I laughed (till I)
died and stunk
Utcha ine kabale-
wa.
Andoo ine kabal?
Kapa.
Tchare inter ?
Bing inter yalwa.
Nyalangken inter
Minyambo inter
maan?
Wia.
Meal-panye inter ?
Gindan utcha
kangere booghor.
226
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 170.— STRADBROKE AND MORETON ISLANDS— GOENPDL
TRIBE, JANDAI LANGUAGE.
By Geoeoe Watkin, Esq.
Kangaroo -
maree.
Hand-
- murra.
Opossum
goopee.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
mee.
3 Blacks -
_
Wild dog -
ungal.
One -
- kunara.
Emu -
moorun.
Two -
- boodla.
Black duck -
ngou.
Three -
- boodla kunara.
Wood duck
Pelican
tchoongarra.
Four -
- boodla boodla.
Laughing jackass
kakoom.
Father
- bing.
Native compa.nion tchoongee.
Mother
- budjong.
White cockatoo -
keara.
Sister-Elder
- djuddin.
Crow -
wokkun.
„ Younger
- mungakul.
Swan -
maroochie.
Brother-Elder
- nabong.
Egg - -
kongkong.
Track of a foot -
,, Younger goangul.
Fish -
joon.
A young man
- goominguin.
Lobster
An old man
- budjaar.
Crayfish
An old woman
- wolh'ngar.
Mosquito -
dibbing.
A baby
- urumkun.
Fly -
Snake - - -
poolooloom.
kabool.
A White man
- degga.
The Blacks -
malar.
Children
- numil-numil,
A Blaokfellow -
malar.
kin-kin.
A Black woman -
tchundal.
Head -
- magool.
jundab.
Eye -
- mel.
Nose . - -
mooroo.
Ear -
- pidna.
STRADBROKB AND MORBTON ISLANDS.
227
No. 170.-
Stkadbroke and Moreton Islands-
Jandai Language— cowiirewoZ.
-GoENPUL Tribe,
Mouth
- wungaw.
Boomerang -
- barengun.
Teeth -
- deea.
Hill -
- beppo.
Hair of the head - magool.
Wood -
- bummal.
Beard -
- yerren.
Stone -
- mudlo.
Thunder -
- moo-gara.
Camp -
- oompi.
Grass -
- bingil.
Yes -
- yawoi.
Tongue
- djurgoom.
No -
- jandai.
Stomach
- diggori.
I
- naree, utoha.
Breasts
- ummoo.
You -
- inta, iue.
Thigh- -
- booyoo.
Bark -
- woodgooroo.
Foot -
- tchidna.
Good -
- maroomba.
Bone -
- tcheerben.
Bad -
- wadley.
Blood -
- kowan
Sweet -
- kubba.
Skin - -
- moyen.
Food -
- tchindgen.
Fat -
- dingal.
Hungry
- waara.
Bowels
-
Thirsty
- kudna.
Excrement -
- koodna.
Eat -
- tudleba.
War-spear -
- kuni.
Sleep - -
- boogun.
Reed-spear -
-
Drink -
- tudleba.
Throwing-sticli
Shield- -
- koontaw.
Walk -
- yieba.
Tomahawk -
- waggar.
See -
- neemgeeba.
Canoe -
- koondool.
Sit -
- ninila.
Sun -
- biggee.
Yesterday -
- nooboogooboo.
Moon -
- killen.
To-day
- booren.
Star - -
- mirreegen.
To-morrow -
- koodgoondaboo.
Light -
- dudlen.
Where are
the wuimia malar ?
Dark -
- koodgoom.
Blacks?
Cold -
- tantan.
I don't know
- atcha djookoora
Heat -
- nunka.
Plenty
- munyal.
Day -
- biggee.
Big - -
- kroomba.
Night -
- koodgoom.
Little -
- beerpa.
Fire -
- djarlo.
- tobbil.
Water
Dead -
- kungera.
Smoke
- tohummoo.
By-and-by -
- baro.
Ground
- djara.
Come on
- bulka.
Wind -
- kubbee-kubbee.
Milk -
- ummoobin.
Rain -
.
Baglehawk -
-
God - -
-
WUd turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
- noogoopingun.
P2
228
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 170.— MORETON ISLAND— WOGEE TRIBE, GOOWAR
LANGUAGE.
By Geoege Watkin, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- maree.
Hand -
- kining.
Opossum -
- goopee.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
- ngaagum.
3 Blacks -
.
Wild dog -
-
One -
- kurraboo.
Emu -
-
Two -
- boodla.
Blaok duck -
- ngou.
Three -
- mudjen.
Wood duck-
_
Pour -
- boodla boodla
Pelican
- tchoongara.
Laughing jackass kakoogun.
Father
- be-en.
Native companion killilkillil.
Mother
- ngabbon.
White cockatoo
- gaya.
Sister-Elder
- butanga.
Crow -
- warbaen.
„ Younger
- wuppoonga.
Swan -
- kingoyung.
Brother-Elder
- kouren.
Egg -
- kubooee.
Track of a foot
- tohinda.
,, Younger punnaba.
Pish --
- djaloom.
A young man
- goomingan.
Lobster
-
An old man
- meendoora.
Crayfish
-
An old woman
.
Mosquito -
- woondoondoo.
A baby
- whyen.
riy -
Snake -
- djoomgoo.
A White man
- kurrapee.
The Blacks -
- mugee.
Children -
-
A Blackfellow
- mugee.
Head -
- kumbee.
A Black woman djalan.
Eye -
- mee.
Nose -
- baar.
Ear -
- pinnung.
MORETON ISLAND.
229
No. 170.— MoEETON Island— WooEE Tribe, Goowar Lanquagb—
continued.
Mouth
- ynllin.
Boomerang -
- ngarrenga.
Teeth -
- deerun.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heac
- kumbee.
Wood -
- bummal.
Beard -
- yurren.
Stone -
- gooeean.
Thunder -
- moogara.
Camp -
- dinum.
Grass -
- weedjun.
Yes ■
- yooi.
Tongue
- djurgoom.
No -
- gooar or goowar
Stomach
- nunemboo.
I - -
- nga.
Breasts
- umbooun.
You -
- ngin, ine.
Thigh -
- booyoo.
Bark -
.
Foot -
- djinung.
Good -
- kooemba.
Bone -
- tchiggil.
Bad -
- worrang.
Blood -
- goora.
Sweet -
- kooemba.
Skin -
- mooren
Pood -
- tchindjen.
Fat -
Bowels
- dinga.
Hungry
- kubeeri.
Excrement -
.
Thirsty
- boonyun.
War-spear -
- tchingoor
Eat -
- tudlaar.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- yoonmaar.
Throwing-stick
-
Drink -
- towaar.
Shield
- bringabunga.
Walk -
- yudni.
Tomahawk -
- meerangun.
See -
- ngaigga.
Canoe -
- oobum.
Sit -
- ylnnaar.
Sun -
- boodlooar.
Yesterday -
- woaraboo.
Moon -
- killen.
To-day
- woondjer.
Star -
- meenun.
To-morrow -
- koondjakaboo.
Light -
- boodjoora.
Where are the
Dark -
- kuppee.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- wareng.
I don't know
- gooar natchoo
Heat -
- oolbillee.
kunee bumba.
Day - -
- boodloongun.
Plenty
- munyal.
Night - -
- kuppee.
Big - -
- gooraba
Fire -
- dargee.
Little -
- ngumbaar.
Water
- kuppeng.
Dead -
- kuTiTieer.
Smoke
- djoonbar.
By-and-by -
- moota.
Ground
- boobeerun.
Come on
- buggaar.
Wind -
-
Milk -
- umboonbin.
Rain -
- punna.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
- oopar.
230 THE AUSTRALIAN EACE :
In this language, the Goowar, we find maree= kangaroo
and mugee=^ Blackfelloni, both words probably corruptions
of murri; also ngahhon (ngaboon ?') =^mother one of the
many variations we meet of the word amoo or ammoo, cir-
cumstances to which attention has already been directed
more than once. For head and hair there is likewise but
one equivalent, another common Australian feature. The
negative adverb in this case is the name of the language
and not of the tribe.
BETWEEN THE ALBERT AND TWEED RIVERS. 231
No. 171.— BETWEEN THE ALBERT AND TWEED
EIVERS.
By T. de M. M. Pbiok, Esq., W. Landsbobough, Esq., W. G. White,
Esq., and J. O'Connoe, Esq.
The vocabularies attached are from the closely-related dia-
lects spoken by the tribes whose country extends from the
Albert River nearly to the Tweed. From the replies to my
questions given by Mr. Landsborough I learn that small-pox
kiUed off a large portion of these tribes, both prior to the
appearance of the Whites in this part of the continent and
subsequently. Children, as in all other cases which have
come to my knowledge, belong to the tribe of the father.
Girls have the little finger of the left hand cut off in infancy.
The equivalent of the Blacks, meebin, means Eaglehawk.
To drink is rendered eat mater.
232
THE AUSTRALLIN RACE:
No. 17L-BBTWEBN THE ALBERT AND TWEED RIVERS.
By T. de M. M. Pkioe, Esq.
In this vocabulary, fire,, wood, and camp are all rendered, and I have no
doubt correctly, by the word wyba/ra.
Kangaroo -
munni.
Hand -
tungan.
Opossum
noun.
2 Blacks -
bulabe mibiu.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
moggum.
3 Blacks -
One -
yabaro mibin
Black duck -
mar.
Two -
bulabe.
Wood duck
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
combawir.
tangara.
gagou.
Three -
Pour -
Father
yabaro.
biol.
White cockatoo
gara.
Mother
wardon,
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - -
columbrun and
colgrow.
morgoutche,
pigaraqin.
unga, cobin.
Sister-Elder
, , Younger
Brother-Elder -
,, Younger
manou.
cagou.
Track of a foot -
goulgan.
A young man
- gibara.
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
mondura.
An old man
An old woman
A baby
- gidou.
merougan.
yourangan.
Fly ■
tumbara.
A White man
- carabie.
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow
woralba.
mibin, bigall.
mibin.
Children
Head -
- didum.
- borow.
A Black woman -
dugalgan.
Eye -
- me.
Nose -
raoran.
Ear -
- binum.
BETWEEN THE ALBERT AND TWEED RIVERS.
233
No. 171. — Between the AriHERi
AND Tweed 'Rivbus— continued.
Mouth
- jarbe.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- gidun.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heac
- oondur.
Wood -
- wybara.
Beard -
- yaran.
Stone -
- dao.
Thunder -
Grass
- inigobal, dugal.
- yethung.
Camp -
- wybara.
Tongue
- doroum.
Yes -
- ewewy.
Stomach
- moun.
No -
- wona.
Breasts
- ama.
I
Thigh ■
- doroo.
You -
- walo.
Foot -
- chinang.
Bark -
- barou.
Bone -
-
Good -
Blood -
- goonar.
Bad - -
Skin -
- youra.
Sweet -
- bagal.
Fat -
- codgaro.
Food -
- tala.
Bowels
Excrement -
- gidgura.
- toroo.
Hungry
- cobry.
War-spear -
- duan.
Thirsty
- boricout.
Reed-spear -
- (not used).
Eat -
- tala.
Womjnera or
(not used).
Sleep -
- moram.
throwing-stick
Drink -
-
Shield
- buga.
Walk -
- yamba.
Tomahawk -
- bundan.
See -
■ uani.
Canoe -
-
Sit -
- yangalla.
Sun -
- yalgan.
Yesterday -
- moko.
Moon -
- gibou.
To-day
- baiad
Star -
- ombrun.
To-morrow -
- mobo.
Light -
- burrabil.
Where are
the
Dark -
- alo.
Blacks?
Cold -
Heat -
• waring.
- bou.
I don't know
- yagam canaba
Day -
- manga.
Plenty
- caral.
Night - -
- youan.
Big - -
-
Fire -
- wybara.
Little -
- bigaut.
Water
- yong.
Dead -
-
Smoke
- doum.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- dagom.
Come on
- guai.
Wind-
- borugin.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- gwom.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
,
234
THE AUSTRALIAN EACE ;
No. 17L— BETWEEN THE ALBERT AND TWEED RIVERS.
FOEWABDED BY W. LaNDSBOEOTJGH, EsQ.
CONJOINTLY.
AND W. G. White,
Kangaroo -
munni.
Hand -
- tongan.
Opossum
quini.
2 Blacks -
- budla meebin.
Tame dog -
nogum.
3 Blacks -
- budla yabberoo
Wild dog -
urugin.
meebin.
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck -
Pelican
mara.
One -
Two -
Three -
- yabberoo.
- budla.
- budla yabberoo.
Laughing jackass kaagoon.
Native companion murlrule.
White cockatoo - kirra.
Four -
Father
Mother
- peeung.
- wadjung.
Crow -
waughan.
Sister-Elder
- nanang.
Swan -
duUa.
,, Yoimger
- yeragoong.
Egg ■ - -
kongan.
Brother-Elder
- kogung.
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - - -
chirrada.
challoom.
mendura.
toonburri.
,, Younger bunang.
A young man - keeburra.
An old man - keejom.
An old woman - marungan.
A baby - - jargum.
Snake -
derin.
A White man
- daggie.
The Blacks -
ohinaba.
Children -
- mooyum.
A Blackfellow -
meebin.
Head -
- boweroo.
A Black woman -
chalgun.
Eye -
- mee.
Nose -
murru.
Ear -
- binnang.
BETWEEN THE ALBERT AND TWEED RIVERS.
235
No. 171. — Between the Albert and Tweed Rtvees — continued.
Mouth
- chang.
Boomerang ■
■ burragan.
Teeth -
- titang.
Hill -
- toolagal.
Hair of the heac
- buraugh.
Wood -
- challe.
Beard -
- yireen.
Stone -
- bunding.
Thunder -
- moogarra.
Camp -
- teemun.
Grass -
Tongue
- yeechang.
- tirrajong.
Yes -
- yo.
Stomach
- moo.
No
- ugum.
Breasts
- namma.
I
- nunyee.
Thigh -
- cherang.
You -
- wallo.
Foot -
- chiimang.
Bark -
- koonjool.
Bone -
- durrigan.
Good - -
- bunyarra.
Blood -
- koomera.
Bad -
- chang.
Skin - -
- nullm.
Sweet -
- bunyarra.
Fat -
- kadjeroo.
Food .-
_
Bowels
- giddirra.
Hungry
- koobberi.
Excrement -
- goonang.
Thirsty
- naywin.
War-spear -
- toowan.
Eat -
- challalla.
Reed-spear -
- (none used).
Throwing- stick
- jabberee.
Sleep -
- woorwan.
Shield
- kootan.
Drink
- challalla koong.
Tomahawk -
- pondan.
Walk -
- yingalla.
Canoe -
- koondool.
See -
- ni-in.
Sun -
- yangay.
Sit -
-
Moon -
- keebom.
Yesterday -
-
Star -
- qweeunggung.
To-day
- byein.
Light -
- qangay.
To-morrow
- nooboo.
Dark -
- nandiddi.
Where are
the yellameebin?
Cold -
- warring.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- noong.
I don't know
- yoogum niga.
Day -
- yungai.
Plenty
- kurrul.
Night -
- nandiddi.
Big - -
- kum.
Fire -
- wyebra.
Little -
- peechangguUan
Water
- koong.
Dead -
- koorooboo.
Smoke
- choim.
By-and-by •
- yoojang.
Ground
- chagoon.
Come on
- quowee.
Wind-
- yirragay.
Milk -
-
Raln -
- quang.
Eaglehawk -
- meebun.
God - -
-
Wild turkey
- waagoon.
Ghosts
- maugooi.
Wife -
- neebungan.
236
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
No. 171.— BETWEEN THE ALBERT AND TWEED RIVERS.
By J. O'Connor, Esq.
Kangaroo -
money.
Hand -
- kungal.
Opossum
newung.
2 Blacks -
- boolaroo bigul.
Tame dog -
nugem.
3 Blacks -
- boolaroo yaburu
Wild dog -
yeroging.
bigul.
Emu -
wooring.
One -
- yaburu.
Black duck -
mara.
Two -
- boolaroo.
Wood duck-
cumbabin.
Pelican
juugara.
Three -
- boolaroo yaburu
Laughing jackass
kagorim.
Four or more
- gurul.
Native companion dumbel.
Father
- beung.
White cockatoo
kaira.
Mother
- weathung.
Crow -
waagun.
Sister-Elder
- nanang.
Swan -
- dute.
,, Younger
- yeargong.
Egg - -
- kabun.
Brother-Elder
- kagoon.
Track of a foot
- goolgun.
„ Younger bunam.
Fish -
■ (no general term).
Lobster
- (not known).
A young man
- jebur.
Crayfish
- galoom.
An old man
- kedjum.
Mosquito -
- munjur.
An old woman
- merroongun.
Ply - -
- djunburra.
A baby
- tchadum.
Snake -
- dunnara.
A White man
- tugi.
The Blacks -
- mebing.
Children
- tchadum.
A Blackfellow
- bigul.
Head -
- bowro.
A Black woman
Eye -
- me.
Nose -
- murro.
Ear -
- benung.
BETWEEN THE ALBERT AND TWEED RIVERS.
237
No. 171.— B
ETWEEN THE AlBEBI
AND Tweed Rtvsbs— continued.
Mouth
- jaim.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- derung.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heac
- goendiim.
Wood -
- taUe.
Beard -
- yarund.
Stone -
- yeron.
Thunder -
- maigwel.
Camp -
- y-bur-a (lit. =
Grass -
- eedung.
fire).
Tongue
- djergung.
Yes -
- yo.
Stomach
- djulba.
No -
- yaoum.
Breasts
- dumerogun.
I
- nio.
Thigh -
- taryung.
You -
- waaloo.
Foot -
- tchemmg.
Bark -
- burwool.
Bone -
- taregun.
Good -
- bowgal.
Blood - -
- goomera.
Bad -
- tohung.
Skin -
- ulun.
Sweet -
- bowgul.
Fat -
- kudgera.
Food -
- nungun.
Bowels
- bulen.
Hungry
- cobbere.
Excrement -
- goonung.
Thirsty
- coonge.
War-spear -
- joan.
Eat -
- tchabbe.
Reed-spear -
■ (not known).
Wommera or
Sleep -
- nora,Tn.
throwing-stiok
Drink -
- coontchabbe.
Shield
- buga.
Walk -
- yanbe.
Tomahawk -
- bundan.
See -
- narbe.
Canoe -
- gundool.
Sit -
- yaanbe.
Sun -
- yalgun.
Yesterday -
- wooboo.
Moon -
- gireum.
To-day
- burang.
Star -
- kuroomgun.
To-morrow -
- wooboo.
Light of day
„ fire
- burbil.
- tchalgi.
Where are the
Blacks '
yillim mebing ?
Dark -
- nuUu.
•AJi^A/X^J^ty •
Cold - -
- waring.
I don't know
- yeleyou.
Heat -
- numgul.
Plenty
- gurul.
Day -
- numagera.
Big -
- cuml.
Night -
- woolaroon.
Little -
- bitcha-gul-ung.
Fire -
- y-bur-a.
Dead -
- gilvmgwend.
Water
- coon.
By-and-by -
- uyou.
Smoke
- djum.
Come on
- gooway.
Ground
- igoon.
Milk -
Wind-
Raiu -
- yarga.
- goo-ong.
Eaglehawk -
God - -
.
Wild turkey
Ghosts
.
Wife -
238
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
In addition to his vocabulary, Mr. O'Connor sends me
the following tenses of verbs, from the language of the
Ipswich tribe, which I do not think are perfectly correct : —
To Run.
PRESENT INDICATIVE.
I run -
- nio gowralla.
We run
- nule gowrea.
Thou ruTinest
-
You run
- waaloo gowrai.
He runs
- gille gowrin.
They run -
- kaam gowxio.
PERFECT TENSE.
I ran -
- nio gowrin.
We ran
- nule gowrin.
Thou rannest
You ran
- waaloo gowriu.
He ran
- gille gowrin.
They ran -
- kaam gowriu.
FUTURE TENSE.
I will run -
- gowraila nio.
We will run
- nuleboo gowrea.
Thou wilt run
You will run
- waaloo nure gow-
rai.
He will run
- gille nure gow-
They will run
- kaam nure gow-
rai. '
rai.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Run -
- gowrai.
Let us run -
- nuline gowraima.
Let him run
- gilane gowraima.
Let them run
- kaam gowraima
To Go.
PEBSENl
' TENSE.
Igo -
- galong nio yan-
They go -
kaam jangooroo
gala.
yangala.
You and I go
nule waaboo
Thou goest -
-
yanbe
He goes
- gille wangoor
Georgy and I go
nule boolung
yanna.
Georgi yangalla.
Georgy and Billy boolagum jan-
We go
- nule yango.
go
gooroo yangalla
You go
- neremum yanna,
Georgi Billi,
BETWEEN THE ALBERT AND TWEED RIVERS.
239
To Go — continued.
PEEFECT TENSE.
I went
Thou wentest
He went
We went ■
You went -
I will go
Thou wilt go
He will go ■
We will go ■
You will go
Let me go -
Go thou
Let him go
Let us go -
mo yaane.
gala waaboo yea-
nee.
gille wangoor
yaane.
nule yaane.
waaloo yaane.
FUTURE
nio warnwe yan-
galla.
waaboo mire
yaane.
gUle yanbe.
nula nure yanbe.
■ guremung yanbe
They went - - kaam wangoor
yaane.
You and I went - nule waaboo
yaane.
Georgy and I went nule boolung
yeanee Georgi.
Georgy and Billy boolagum jan-
went gooroo yeamee
Georgi Billi.
TENSE.
They will go -kaam jungooroo
yangin.
You and I will go nule waaboo nure
yanbe.
Georgy and I will nuleboolungnure
go Georgi yangaba.
Georgy and Billy gille jangooroo
will go yangala booba-
jun Georgi BUli.
IMPERATIYB.
guUum nio yan-
gen.
waaloo yaana.
gulum yangen.
gulum nule boo-
lung yangen.
Let Georgy and gulum nule boo-
me go
Go you two
Let them go
lung Georgi yan-
gen.
- boolagum gulum
yaana.
- gulum kaam yan-
beenma.
I see -
Thou seest
He sees
We see
You see
I will see -
Thou wilt see
He will see
We will see
You will see
nio nanee.
waaloo nanee.
gille nanee,
nule nanee.
nuremung gundu
nanee.
To See.
PRESENT TENSE.
They see - - kaamboo nanee.
You and I see - nule waaboo
nanee.
Georgy and I see- nule Georgi
nanee.
Georgy and Billy Billi boolagundoo
see nanee Georgi
PUTUEB.
nio woolong nabe.
waaboo nabe.
gille nabe.
nule nabe.
naremung gandu
nurewa.
They will see - gala yonngwe
nanee.
You and I will nule waaboo nure
see woolong nabe,
Georgy and I will Georgi nule nabe,
see
Georgy and Billy Georgi Billi boo-
will see lagundoo nanee.
240
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 172.— NERANG CREEK.
By F. Fowler, Esq.
Feom this neighbourhood a second vocabulary, which I have
not thought it necessary to insert, was kindly forwarded to
me by F. Nixon, Esq. Mr. Fowler gives the following
Additional "Words. The words canoe and bark may be com-
pared. The canoe is a sheet of bark, shaped in a particular
way: —
Fresh-water
tcherun.
Iguana
- yowgerer.
Salt-water -
yeengeree.
Wood grub -
- tabbun.
Mud -
tuUung.
Oysters
- moongul.
Corroboree -
arri.
Mussel
- piggara.
Long -
yerribil.
River -
- boUun.
Swimming -
wy-woni.
Creek -
- kuraby.
Honey
kudja.
Flood tide -
- yangi.
Fishing net -
irribun.
Ebb tide -
- koongajurar.
No. 172.— NEI
lANG CREEK.
By F. Fo-v
rLEE, Esq.
Kangaroo -
groman.
Hand -
- tungun.
Opossum
gueyan.
2 Blacks -
- boolara mibbin.
Tame dog -
nogum.
3 Blacks -
- boolraybara mib
Wild dog -
uragin.
bin.
Emu -
ooroon.
One -
- yabroo.
Black duck -
marra.
Two -
- boolara.
Wood duok-
Pelican
• tchungarry.
Three -
- boolrayabra.
Laughing jackass
Native companion
- kagoon.
moorlmum.
Four -
Father
- boola-boola.
- beeyung.
White cockatoo
kaara.
Mother
- wyung.
Crow -
waguu.
Sister-Elder
- nunong.
Swan -
kimgroo.
„ Younger
-
Egg - -
cobyoon.
Brother-Elder
- punnam.
Track of a foot
churria.
„ Younger
Fish - -
tulum.
A young man
- murrowgwun.
Lobster
mooban.
An old man
- kidgum.
Crayfish
moolan.
An old woman
- mirrigwun.
Mosquito -
Fly -
Snake -
moongero.
wogan.
A baby
A White man
- charchum.
- duokering.
The Blacks -
mibbin.
Children -
- charchum.
A Blackf ellow -
bagal.
Head -
- kungrer.
A Black woman ■
chalgan.
Eye -
- mee.
Nose
mooroo.
Ear -
- binnung.
NERANG CREEK.
241
No. 172.— Nerang Cr^^k— continued.
Mouth
- tumbroo.
Teeth -
- dirrung.
Hair of the head
- poweroo.
Beard -
- yerrin.
Thunder -
- moogerer.
Grass -
- ejung.
Tongue
- yebbin.
Stomach
- moong.
Breasts
- umma.
Thigh -
- murrung.
Foot -
- tchinnong.
Bone -
- terragun.
Blood -
- pudgel.
Skin -
- ulan.
Fat -
- wadgery.
Bowels
- muggi.
Excrement -
- goonnong.
War-spear -
- pelarra.
Reed-spear -
Wommera or
purragun.
throwing-stick
Shield
- bugga.
Tomahawk -
- bundan.
Canoe ■
- condool.
Sun -
- nunga.
Moon -
- kebum.
Star -
- koomungun
Light -
- taham.
Dark -
- underra.
Cold -
- warring.
Heat -
- hoon.
Day -
- uunga.
Night -
- underra.
Fire -
- wyburry.
Water
- coong.
Smoke
■ tuUo.
Groimd
- chuokoon.
Wind-
- burrigin.
Rain -
- quong.
God . .
.
Ghosts
-
VOL. III.
Boomerang -
-
Hill -
Wood -
- tchally.
Stone -
- pundan.
Camp -
- dimmun.
Yes -
- yoe.
No -
- guoum.
I
- io.
You -
- warlo.
Bark -
- condool.
Good -
- punyarra.
Bad -
- chung.
Sweet -
- puragun.
Food -
- chungool.
Hungry
- cobery.
Thirsty
- neragin.
Eat -
- tehar.
Sleep -
. woorum.
Drink -
- tchienda.
Walk -
- yunbela.
See -
- nyenda.
Sit -
- yanna.
Yesterday -
- obo.
To-day
- baan.
To-morrow -
- obo.
Where are the
illy mibbiu ?
Blacks ?
I don't know
- cunitchum.
Plenty
- commijung.
Big - -
- comi.
Little -
- bijungalung
Dead -
- tarbillyan.
By-and-by -
- goobangnng.
Come on
- woomgunna.
Milk - -
-
Eaglehawk -
-
Wild turkey
-
Wife -
242
THE AUSTRALIAN EACE :
No. 173.— TWEED RIVEE AND POINT DANGAR.
By Joshua Brat, Esq.
Me. Bray, from whom I received my information concerning
the language of the Tweed River tribe (which differs but
little in its vocabulary from No. 1 72), points out that there
is but one word to denote the children of a man's brother
and those of his sister. He also remarks that there is but
one word — roohho — to express to-morrow, the day after to-
morrow, and yesterday ; and also but one word — chung — to
express had, old, and thin; neither of which statements
have I any difficulty in believing. He also notices that if
you say to a Black — ille mebin =: where are the Blacks ?
his reply, if he does not know, will not be Ingha = I don't
know, but ille ? = where ? laying the accent on the last
letter instead of the first.
No. 173.-
How many?
A great many
A few -
What?
Where ?
There -
Here -
I don't know
Take care ! -
Exclamation of
surprise
I am going now
Let US go home
Pretty
The other one
You scoundrel
■Additionai, Words and Phrases, by Mb. Bkay.
To strike - - boomar.
To give a beating boomarnee.
Early in the mom- woodgeraboo.
ing
To arrive - - worrigin.
Anumberof Blacks karalboo mebbin
minyungboo ?
kurralboo or
kommiboo.
pidjung boo
minyung ?
ille?
kille.
kulle.
- wa !
kraigh!
- yauba-la-la.
- yan-ba-lan-je.
- pa-na-ra-gun.
- kibey.
- yuncum midgeu.
are coming
Get up (from
sleeping)
Crooked
Straight
A long way -
,, road
Deep water -
worngm.
- kur-rone.
- bombi.
- kiole.
- kiole kooligun.
-"kiol4 kooflg.
Stick for propel-' tubulgun'
ling canoe
TWEED RIVER AND POINT DANGAR.
243
No. 173.— Additional Wokds and Phrases— coniinwec^.
Forest -
bubbera.
Moustache -
- yerrin.
Scrub vines -
woggi.
Arm -
- kUngill.
Daylight ■
woodgera.
Elbow
- koorin.
Getupat daylight boogagee wood-
Finger
- tungan.
to-morrow
geraboo woebbo.
Rib -
- tunnera.
A clear sky oi
• billubera.
Heart -
- toolgo.
fine day
Knee -
- kindil.
In front
ullong.
Kidney
- moongora.
Look out ahead !
- nione ullong!
Chest -
- toomooragan.
A dead woman
- tarragan.
Leg -
- (no word for the
,, man
- tukki.
whole limb).
Directly
- wooloongmi.
Face -
- noogal.
Hip -
- wen.
Whisker
- (the same as beard
Thigh -
- terrung.
and moustache).
Knee -
- kindili.
A plain
- coonoongi.
Ankle -
- wooloo.
Tree -
- tally.
Heel -
- toSnum.
Leaf -
- woorang.
Toes -
- bribin.
Yam -
- turn.
My son
- myone.
Mud -
- tuUugara.
Handsome woman ptSnaragun.
Flower
- budgerabin.
,, man
- barloogan.
Pine-tree -
- pimbul.
Break of day
- deelby.
Sandhill -
- kooigum.
Bkd -
- noongunbel.
Lagoon
- kowung.
BiU - -
- chaung.
Ashes -
- boolare.
Wing -
- kunggil.
Gum -
- neeum.
Feather
- biom-biom.
Waterhole -
- kiawang.
Hill - -
- biole.
Eaglehawk -
- meebun.
Sky - -
- billubera.
Parrot
- billen-billen.
Sand -
- yerrung.
Pigeon
- woo-loo-loo-in.
Cloud -
- toongoon.
Nest -
- chindee.
Lightning
- chungun.
To tell
- kaar.
Grave -
- toanee chock-
,. give
- woolangee.
nnda.
„ speak -
- mo-ai.
Tired -
- carulen.
„ hear
- cunnarangee.
Long -
- coorara.
,, steal
- weora.
Short -
- mul-gul-long.
„ fight -
- boomalengee.
Alive -
- mun-me-ra-boo.
„ kill -
- toolang.
Husband -
- newbung.
„ die
- tuck-ki-an.
Wife -
- newbungun.
.. sing
- yerrabil.
Body -
- mooung.
„ bum
- quebuUen.
Back -
- mooborough.
„ break
- cowin.
Q2
244
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 173. — Additional Words and Phrases — continued.
Who is that Black ? -
I don't know - - -
I cannot see his face -
Do you see that one (woman) ? -
I saw (her) yesterday
She (has a) pretty (face) -
(That) old woman (is) ugly
By-aud-by plenty Blacks will come
I see them now
Where?
A good way off -
(On the) plain - - - -
A great many - - - -
Do you see that one ? - -
Long ago he speared me in the back
I will kill him to-morrow -
I see a kangaroo
There (he is) -
(Be) quiet - - . - -
Don't speak
I'll spear him by-and-by -
He's coming to water
He's going to eat
I believe he is fat -
No (I believe) thin
Now I'll spear him -
All right ; now he's dead -
He's fat
Come on, make a fire
(There is) no wood -
Well ! carry him to the trees -
I'm hungry ....
Let us eat him ....
I'll eat him directly -
Where (are the) Blacks ? -
I don't know - - . .
Nonsense ; why do you tell a lie ?
How many (are there) ?
Plenty
Which Blacks ? - - - -
- killingang ? (mibbin understood).
- ang kille (lit. = " Who there?")
- hebro narbidgum.
- warlo nionee killarney.
- nio nionee wobbo.
- kille punnarregan.
- merrung chung-chung.
- wooloongmi womgin mebbinkommi.
- kille nione nio (lit. = There see I).
- iUe?
- kiole.
- coonoongi.
- karalboo.
- warlo nionee killarney ?
- wiaraboo moobera pow-wun-nee.
- nio pumgarlo wobbo.
- nione nio kroman.
- kille.
- kingle.
- kingle moimuUium.
- nio puggarlo kooba.
- koongga nulla walarla.
- tabbigo.
- kille wudgera (lit. = There fat).
- ucoum chung.
- how nio powgun.
- koorooboo ; bungen.
- wudgerago.
- qui wibrama.
- ucumboo wibra.
- warra wibra chumbar.
- nio kobberen.
- nubbe tubbela.
- wooloongmi talala.
- ille mebbin ?
- ill6? (lit. = Where?)
- warlo andrangeen minarago? or
warlo andra muUen ?
- minyungboo ?
- karalboo.
- ang kille mebbin ?
TWEED EIVER AND POINT DANGAR. 245
No. 173. — Additional Woeds and Phrases — continued.
What (do) they eat ? - - - - minyung kille talala ?
What woman is that ? - - - ang kille chulgun (which that
woman) ?
Has Tommy a wife now ? - - - ehulgun noroe Tommy ?
Yes ! yoe !
Who gave her to him ? - - - amdo woolane ?
Is she a young woman ? - - - kille woolbung ?
No! old woman! . . - - uocum ! murrungin !
When will the Blacks come here ? - wingeegun mibbin worngun ?
In three days .*---- bulla yabra nunga.
Where is your wife ? - - - - lUe biargun chulgun ?
Coming to-morrow . . - - womgin woebo.
Have you seen my wife? - - - warlo nionee chulgun unyar ?
Yes !-.----- yoe !
Where? - - - - - - ille?
On the plain - - - . - kUle coo-noong-gi (lit. = There plain).
What's she doing? - - - - minyung elala ?
I believe getting yams - - - whear wunye nuUawalala.
Come, make the camp . - - kowar quinmar demmon.
It wUl rain by-and-by - - - quong wooloongmi.
Where are all the women ? - - ille boo chulgun.
Fishing ------ tallum bar.
One woman is at camp - - - tabra-ba chul-gun dem-mon da.
Two women are at my house - - bulla kar-gan chu-ar.
Where is Tommy ? . - - - ille Tommy.
I have not seen him to-day - - ucum nio-nio-nee biarn.
I am hungry ----- kobbi-dy en nio
Give me some food - - - - nio-nung-en mug-gar.
Here it is - - - - - - kuUen-ya.
Come and fish ----- kowar tallum narl-lee.
No, let us hunt opossum - - - ucum tallum-quam narUee.
By-and-by I will eat opossum - - wooloongmi nio chien quam.
Opossum is no good - - - - quam chung.
Fish is the best ----- tallum nuUe pun-ya-ra. ■
Come and swim - - - - kowar kia jun.
Go away — ^be off - - - - yunga.
Where are you going ? - - - winge-go warlo ?
I will go too ----- nio nur-ra yan-ba-la-la.
Are you tired ? - - - - - warlo kur-rool ?
Yes, I am very tired - - - - yoe-pun-ya pun-ya-ra kur-rool.
Well ! go to sleep - . - - nubbe unera.
246
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No, 173. — Additional
By-and-by I'll sleep -
Where is my husband ?
You will see him by-and-by
I see two women
Where is my spear? -
I have not seen your spear
Give me one spear
Give me two spears -
Come and see my canoe -
Don't talk . . . .
I do not know - - - ■
WoEDS AND Pheases — continued.
- koobanio una-ran-gee.
- ille un-ya new-bung ?
- warlo kooba nam kooba.
- nio nionee bul-la chulgun.
- ille unyar chu-un?
- ucum nio nar-bid-jum.
- ni-ai yabra chu-un.
- niai bulla chu-un.
- ko-ga-na unyar kun-dole.
- kingle moi-mul-li-um.
- ing-he.
No. 173.— TWEED RIVER AND POINT DANGAR,
Kangaroo -
kroman.
Hand -
tungun.
Opossum
quam.
2 Blacks
bulla mibbin.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duok-
Pelican
noggxrn.
marra.
chungera.
3 Blacks
One -
Two -
Three -
bulla yabhrumib
bin.
yabbru.
- bulla,
bulla yabbru.
Laughing jackass
kargoon.
Four -
■ bulla buUa.
Native companion
woorgilie.
Pather
- beung.
White cockatoo -
karra.
Mother
- wudjung.
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - - -
Track of a foot •
Pish -
wargun.
tooley.
kubbin.
kulligau^.
tallum.
Sister-Elder
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
,, Younger
nunung.
- punnam.
Lobster
A young man
- kabera.
Orayflsh
ninge-ninge.
An old man-
- kudjune.
Mosquito •
munjura.
An old woman
- murrungin.
Ply - - ■
chun, borough.
A baby
- yargarie.
Snake -
The Blacks
A Blackfellow
dirrin.
mibbln.
yabbru mibbin.
A White man
Children
- tuckki.
- ohargum.
A Black woman
woolbung, chul-
Head -
- knngera.
gun.
Eye -
- me.
Nose -
morro.
Ear -
- pinnuno;.
TWEED RIVER AND POINT DANGAR.
247
No. 173.
— Tweed River and Point Dangae—
-continued.
Mouth
- jemg.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- tirrung
Hill -
- biola.
Hair of the head
- bowra.
Wood -
- talley, wibra.
Beard -
- yarran.
Stone -
boodin.
Thunder -
Graas -
- muggera.
- ejung.
Camp -
- demmon.
Tongue
- tellin.
Yes -
- yo, earn.
Stomach
- moong.
No -
- ukum.
Breasts
- umma.
I
- ngio.
Thigh -
- jucung oj-terrung
You -
- warlo.
Foot -
- chinnung.
Bark -
- yoolLn (lit. skin)
Bone -
- turragun.
Good -
- punyara.
Blood ■
- budjul.
Bad -
- chung.
Skin -
- yooliu.
Sweet -
- burrakun.
Fat -
- wudgeree.
Food -
- polora.
Bowels
- mokki.
Hungry
- kobbity.
Excrement -
- koouung.
Thirsty
- nirigin.
War-spear -
- jume.
Eat -
- talala.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- woram.
Wommera or
murumbin.
Drink -
- tchoar.
throwing-stick
Walk -
- yanbar.
Shield
- buggar.
See
- narlala.
Tomahawk -
- bundau.
Canoe
- cundool.
Sit -
- yanna.
Sun -
- nunga.
Yesterday -
- wobbo (?).
Moon -
- gibbun.
To-day
- bam.
Star -
- kiomegun.
To-morrow -
- wobbo (?).
Light -
- darm.
Where are the
ille mibbin ?
Dark -
- untidy.
Blacks ?
Cold - -
- wurring.
I don't know
- ille (?).
Heat -
- nunggalgary.
Plenty
- karalboo.
Day -
- nunga.
Big -
- kommi.
Night -
- untidy.
Little -
- pidjung.
Fire -
- wibra.
Water
- koong.
Dead -
- boo-ong.
Smoke
- daUo.
By-and-by -
- wooloongmi.
Ground
- chockun.
Come on
- qui.
Wind -
- buroogin.
Milk -
- umarbil.
Rain -
- quong or koong.
Eaglehawk -
- meebun.
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
- muggi.
Wife -
- newbuugun.
BOOK THE THIRTEENTH.
BOOK THE THIRTEENTH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
In connection with this book, the points which seem most
worthy of remark are, that in the Additional Words No. 178
we meet with distinct terms for right hand and left hand,
which may or may not exist in the other languages. In No.
177, also, we find war-spear and tree reported by two of my
correspondents as being translated by one term. As tree is
not in the Common Yocabulary, but only met with here and
there in the Additional Words, there is no means of deciding
whether this is a common characteristic or not. In Mr.
Myles' vocabulary, No. 176, we find the equivalents oi spear,
mood, and stone bear some resemblance. Looking at the
languages of Australia as a whole, there is reason to believe
that formerly there was but one word to express stone, hone,
wood, spear, tree, wAfire. Head and hair, it will be noticed,
are several times expressed by one word, and yesterday and
to-morrow by another.
No. 174.— PART OF THE MARANOA RIVER, AND
COUNTRY ROUND ROMA.
By Robert Sheridan, Esq., and F. B. Bay, Esq.
Of the languages of the Maranoa, about Roma, two specimens
are given, which agree pretty well, but, no doubt, belong to
different tribes. Two others were forwarded by Mr. Montagu
Curr and Mr. J. T. Little, which I have not thought it neces-
sary to insert. Mr. Sheridan remarks that a Black child
having died on his run several months before the date of his
252 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
letter, the corpse was rolled up in a blanket, and was still
being carried from camp to camp by the parents.
From Mr. Bay I learn that the Maranoa Blacks frequently
live to be sixty or seventy years of age. They use opossum-
rugs at night, and occasionally in the day time. The women
wear as ornaments reed-necklaces and mussel-shells, which
hang in front of the breasts. This tribe smear the person
with a mixture of grease and red ochre on occasions of cor-
roboree ; make bags of the fibre of the currajong ; and toma-
hawks of a heavy green stone, which they grind to an edge on
sandstone. They have also boomerangs, occasionally carved
on one side, some of which return when thrown. The boom-
erang used in battle is made so as not to return. Their spears
are projected by hand. Animals are roasted in the ashes
with the skin on, and what are called ovens in the South do
not exist. Males between the ages of ten and twenty, or
thereabouts, are forbidden to eat emu, kangaroo, and carpet
snakes, and possibly other articles. Mr. Bay remembers to
have seen, some eight years back, two Blacks pitted with
small-pox, but whether they belonged to the tribes in question
he does not say. He is of opinion that the Maranoa tribes
were never cannibals. They marry in their own tribe ; some
men have as many as four wives. Infanticide is not
practised. In numerous instances, he says, " I have seen a
middle-aged Black, with or without a wife, bring up a young
girl, who became his wife when old enough." In what Mr.
Bay says in connection with cannibalism and infanticide I am
unable to concur.
Pulmonary diseases are those which are most prevalent.
The tribe scar the back, breast, and arms by way of orna-
ment, and pierce the septum of the nose, but do not knock out
any teeth. Kangaroo are surrounded and killed with clubs,
and emu hunted with spears. Fish are taken with nets seven
feet long and five deep, each end of which is supported by a
Blackfellow swimming. Males are made into young men at
about twenty years of age, with secret ceremonies, which no
"White man has been allowed to witness. Mr. Bay says, in
MARANOA RIVER, NEAR ROMA.
253
reply to my question as to wlietlier message-sticks are used
by the tribe, that be has in his possession a reed-necMace
attached to a piece of flat wood about five inches long ; that
on the wood are carved straight and curved lines, and that
this piece of wood was sent by one portion of the tribe to
another by a messenger, the two parties being about 60 miles
apart. The interpretation of the carving was, " My wife has
been stolen; we shall have to fight — bring your spears and
boomerangs." The straight lines, it was explained, meant
spears, and the curved ones boomerangs ; but the stealing of
the wife seems to have been left to the messenger to tell.
No. 174
—Additional Words, by R. Sheeidan, Esq.
Box-tree
malar.
White
oba.
Gum-tree -
dangon.
Red - - -
hotegothy.
Pine-tree -
bandle.
To fight with
oneymealgo.
Currajong-tree
nonga.
clubs
Bottle-tree -
mindarle.
To fight with
bapeymealgo.
Brigalow
okoro.
spears
Old man kangaroo miibragulla.
To keep
yongobnongo.
Kangaroo-rat
bardy.
„ give away
ombalgo.
WaUaby -
wya.
„ exchange
ombimea.
Bandicoot -
weealla.
,, run
wakandie.
Wombat -
toyne.
River -
barroo.
Red kangaroo
- bowra.
Sand ridge -
urdera.
Carpet snake
- abol.
Leaf -
dalla.
Curlew
- oelbine.
Cloud -
youkine.
Hawk -
- oomon.
Where are you
intea inda mur
Swallow
boondoongean.
going?
dal?
QuaU -
boonjolgey.
Where did you
intea inda on
Black -
ooborogoobra.
camp last night'
dungo yamba !
254
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No.
174.— MARANOA RIVER, NEAR ROMA.
Kangaroo -
- narracoo.
Hand -
- miirda
Opossum
- tangaroo, also
2 Blacks -
- buUardoo murdi.
outher.
3 Blacks -
- bullardoo wongra
Tame dog -
- noora.
murdi.
"Wild dog -
- wantie.
One -
- wongra.
Emu -
- moorine.
Black duck -
- beberoo.
Two -
- bullardoo.
Wood duck
- muneroo
Three -
- bullardoo
Pelican
- burunth.
wongra.
Laughing jackass akoongur.
Pour -
- bullardoo bullar-
Native companion booroor.
doo.
White cockatoo
thickery.
Father
- yaboda.
Crow -
- watha.
Mother
- yangi.
Swan -
- owerooreoan
(long neck).
Sister-Elder
- baringUla.
Egg -
- aboyne.
„ Younger
-
Track of a foot
- bandil, teen-
Brother-Elder
- takongilla.
doone.
„ Younger
Fish -
- 00.
A young man
- owoola.
Lobster
An old man
- jara.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
- boothan.
An old woman
- yangi jara.
Fly -
- ngemun.
A baby
- naryloo.
Snake
- munda.
A White man
- withoo.
The Blacks -
- murdindoo.
Children -
- andoono.
A Blackfellow
- murdi.
Head -
- dongo.
A Black woman
- amby.
Eye -
- diUy.
Nose -
- oh.
Ear -
- muna.
MARANOA RIVER, NEAR ROMA.
255
No. 174.— Maranoa Rivee
, NEAB Roma—
-cmXmmd.
Mouth
da.
Boomerang -
- wungal.
Teeth -
yera.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
atha.
Wood-
- weraki.
Beard -
munga.
Stone -
- bangoo.
Thunder -
dingaroo.
Camp -
- yambakoo.
Grass -
- wuthon.
Yes -
- yo-i.
Tongue
- dallin.
No
- hurda.
Stomach
- bunduru or
bungaroo.
I
- ngaia.
Breasts
- namon.
You -
- inda.
Thigh -
- moko.
Bark -
- beya.
Foot -
- dina.
Good - -
- makine.
Bone -
- nagoo.
Bad -
- ungarra.
Blood - -
- ouma,.
Sweet -
- erybachan.
Skin -
- beery.
Food -
- munda.
Fat - -
- ungoo, wamoo.
Hungry
- boongari.
Bowels
- una.
Excrement -
- una.
Thirsty
- boongar.
War-spear -
- bogga.
Eat -
- yukalgo.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- wookawoonal.
Wommera or
Drink
- amoo yukalgo.
throwing-stick
Walk
- mundul.
Shield
- booragoo.
See -
- nukuUa.
Tomahawk -
- baloyne.
Sit -
- bendul.
Canoe -
Sun -
- durdu.
Yesterday -
- durdungo.
Moon -
- dilgan, obera,
To-day
- neyla.
Star - -
- dandura.
To-morrow -
- mukarro.
Light -
- durdoonga.
Where are the - ingia murdi?
Dark -
- oundangoo.
Blacks ?
Cold - -
- yakol.
I don't know
- hurdania berool
Heat -
- obundunga.
Plenty
- bunyarie.
Day -
- yambiathana.
Big -
- mulgiga.
Night-
• oundangoo.
Little -
- jmnberri.
Fire -
- boorde.
Dead -
- woolaca.
Water
Smoke
- amoo.
- tooka.
By-and-by -
- aboouthy.
Ground
- dundi.
Come on
- okourabal.
Wind-
- yarakoo.
Milk -
-
Rain -
• amoowerrel.
Eaglehawk -
- othalla.
God - -
-
Wild turkey
- bongan.
Ghosts
_
Wife -
256
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 174.— MARANOA RIVER.
By p. B. Bat, Esq
Kangaroo -
- narragoo.
Hand -
- murtha.
Opossum
- tangul.
2 Blacks -
■ boolardoo murri
Tame dog -
moora.
3 Blacks -
- boolardoo won-
Wild dog -
wandte.
gara murri.
Emu -
- ngoorin
One -
- wongara.
Black duck -
- maneroo
Two -
boolardoo.
Wood duck -
- warracnbba.
Three -
- boolardoo won-
Pelican
booroonda.
gara.
Laughing jackass aggul-gaggul.
Four -
■ boolardoo boo-
Native companion orood.
lardoo.
White cockatoo
teecarry.
Father
yabboo.
Crow -
watta.
Mother
■ younga.
Swan -
Sister-Elder
burri.
Egg - -
avooin.
,, Younger
munqai.
Track of a foot
tinner.
Brother-Elder
daaqiifn,
Fish -
oyoo.
,, Younger wodwoodie.
Lobster
A young man
boonjar.
Crayfish
An old man
notti.
Mosquito -
pootteen.
An old woman
ayardqun.
Fly . .
A baby
andoo.
Snake -
A White man
widdoo.
The Blacks -
murri.
Children
aamburri.
A Blaokf ellow -
murri.
Head -
doongo.
A Black woman -
moorangoo.
Eye -
dim.
Nose -
oh.
Bar -
munga.
MARANOA RIVER.
257
No. 174.— Mabamoa RiYEti^continued.
Mouth-
- taa.
Boomerang -
- wangal.
Teeth -
Hair of the head
- yerra.
- atta.
Hill -
- bango, waagalgo
Beard -
- nunga.
Wood -
- boordi.
Thunder -
- mooloongooloo.
Stone -
- bungoo.
Grass -
- oot-toon.
Camp -
■ yamba.
Tongue
- talle.
Yes
- yo.
Stomach
- bangoor.
No -
- arda.
Breasts
- ammoon.
I
- dya.
Thigh -
You -
- inda.
Foot -
- dinna.
Bone -
- naroo.
Bark -
- oka.
Blood -
- oma.
Good -
- megun.
Skin -
- wooman.
Bad -
- waaiu.
Fat -
- widta.
Sweet -
- mellamella.
Bowels
- ngulle.
Food -
- ugalga.
Excrement -
- tootarre.
Hungry
■ boongarra.
War-spear -
- bugga.
Thirsty
- doombalgo.
Reed-spear -
Eat -
Wommera or
Sleep -
oonalgo.
throwing-stick
Drink -
Shield -
- boorcoo.
Walk -
- mundalgo.
Tomahawk -
- obar.
Canoe -
See -
- nagalgo.
Sit -
bindulu.
Sun -
- tooroo.
Moon -
-•delgun.
Yesterday -
Star -
- tandooroo.
To-day
ngilla.
Light -
- dooroo.
To-morrow -
moorgarro.
Dark -
- ooda.
Where are the
beetoo murri ?
Cold -
- yaagul.
Blacks ?
Heat -
■ owanda.
I don't know
Day -
- ilia.
Plenty
mulga.
Night -
oonalgo.
Big -
mulgagu
Fire -
booree.
Little -
Water-
ammoo.
Dead -
woolala.
Smoke
dooya.
By-and-by -
aboo.
Ground
tunde.
Come on
Wind -
Milk -
awarra.
Rain -
Eaglehawk ■
ootalla.
God -
Wild turkey
boonqun.
Ghosts
menummoo.
Wife -
ambe.
VOL. III.
B
258 THE AUSTRALIA!^ RACE:
No. 175.— THE BALONNE, BALEANDOON, NOGAEA,
AND NERRAN RIVERS.
By H. Hammond, Esq.;
WEIR AND MOONIE RIVERS.
By James O'Bybnb, Esq.
The following vocabularies are specimens of two dialects of
tlie WoUeroi or Yerraleroi language, in use in the localities
given above. The name of the language is derived from
Woll^No. Besides the contributions to the WoUeroi
dialects received from Mr. Hammond and Mr. O'Byrne, a
third reached me from Mr. W. H. Looker, which I have not
thought it necessary to insert. Mr. Hammond says there is
but one word to express dust and smoke, which reminds me
that the Bangerang used to speak of there being smoke in
the Murray when its waters were discolored by a flood.
There is also but one word for head and hair, and a distinct
term to express three. On the Balonne River several Blacks
of one family have been met with without a particle of hair
on their bodies. Baron Miklouho Maclay visited the locality
and minutely examined and described a man and woman of
this family. I am indebted to Mr. Lawrence Byrne, of
Brisbane, for photographs of this man and woman, who
certainly have reached the upper stage of human ugliness.
No. 175.— Additional Words, by Mr. Hammond.
Blow-fly -
- koomoo-koomoo.
Old -
- yambooli.
Carpet snake
- neebee.
Chest -
- kuUander
My mother
- ngumbathi.
Daylight
- keba.
,, sister -
- booathi.
Lightning -
- murrimi.
, , brother
- miarthi.
Run -
- bunnaki.
BALONNE, BALEANDOON, ETC., RIVERS.
259
No.
175. — ^Additional Wobds, by Mr.
O'Btene.
Ashea -
- kerin.
Grave
- tanmor.
Ants (small)
- ketar.
Green
- illoowedi.
„ (large)
- boornying.
Gun -
- mergin.
Boots -
- nangino.
ELnee -
- tinbirr.
Bread •
- dwir.
Lame -
- danggoor.
Beef -
- teh.
Medicine -
- booda.
Blind man -
- mooko.
Pig - -
- piggoon.
, , woman
- mookanguno.
Porcupine -
- pikeballo.
Book -
- boodel.
Rice -
- yarrar.
Black -
- kawbo.
Red -
- qui-qui.
Bees (native)
- moone.
Revolver •
- beredil.
Blue -
- kaw-wur-o-wur.
Reed -
- direel.
Brlgalow
- purrenbo.
Six - -
- kuUibo-kuUibo
Box-tree
- rebill.
Salt -
- daral.
Cow -
- millembri.
Tree -
- ginye.
Cheek
- tal.
Turtle
- wabo.
Cat -
- budge-e-gur.
Wool
- dooroon.
To fight -
- boomaley.
White
- balo.
Fire-stick -
- muUoo.
Wild horse -
- brumbi.
Feathers -
- yethar.
„ horses
- brumbinur.
Grog -
- uramo.
War-paint -
- pedi.
BZ
260
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE
No. 175.— BALONNE, NERRAN, ETC., RIVERS.
By H. Hammond, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- bowra.
Hand
- ma.
Opossum
- mooti.
2 Blacks -
- boolar thane.
Tame dog -
- marthi.
3 Blacks -
- koolebar thane
Wild dog -
■
One -
- bee-er.
Emu
- dthenoon.
Two -
- boolar.
Black duck
- kumigai.
Wood duck
- burga-burga.
Three -
- koolebar.
Pelican
- karraga.
Four -
- boolar-boolar.
Laughing jackass gookergaka.
Father
- yabbo, yooke.
Native companion bralga
Mother
- ngumba.
White cockatoo
- mihai.
Sister-Elder
- boa.
Crow -
- won.
,, Younger
-
Swan -
- kunnadal.
Brother-Elder
- thiar.
Egg - -
- kow.
Track of a foot
- ghaiee.
„ Young
er
Eish -
- tukkai.
A young man
- kobbora.
Lobster
- keerai.
An old man
- whymathool.
Crayfish -
- einga.
An old woman
- moogathool.
Mosquito -
- mungin.
A baby
- birriU.
Ply - -
- bunial.
A White man
- wonda.
Snake
- yabba.
The Blacks -
- thane.
Children
-
A Blackf ellow
- thane.
Head -
- taikal.
A Black woman
- inner.
Eye -
- mill.
Nose -
- mooyoo.
Ear •■
- binna.
BALONNE, NBRRAN, ETC., RIVERS.
261
No. 175
— Balonne, Nerean, etc., BxTEtia— continued.
Mouth
ngo.
Boomera,tig -
-
Teeth -
eea.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
taikal.
Wood -
- guinea.
Beard -
■ yarri.
Stone -
- moorilla.
Thunder
■ thuUome.
Camp -
- woUai.
Grass -
■ boorno.
Yes -
No -
I
- yo, geero, keer.
- woU.
- ngia.
- inda.
Tongue
- pthalli.
Stomach
moopal.
You -
Breasts
■ ngummo.
Bark -
- dater.
Thigh
Good - -
- binnal, kubba.
Foot -
- dinna.
Bad -
- kokle.
Bone -
- booyoo.
Sweet
- kopba.
Blood -
- quay.
Food -
- dhoar.
Skin -
- yootai.
Hungry
- habberandilla.
Fat -
- wommo.
Thirsty
- ngaigay.
Bowels
- goonna.
Eat - • -
- tuldtnna.
Excrement -
- goonna.
Sleep -
- tundooee, babee
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
- meerignama.
- beelar.
Drink -
- ngagai.
Throwing-stiok
- boondee.
Walk -
- yan.
Shield -
See -
- nurruldinna.
Tomahawk -
- yowiudoo.
Sit -
- woUaia.
Canoe -
- boondurra.
Yesterday -
- goondoo-goon-
Sun -
- tooni, yeeigh.
doo.
Moon -
- barlo.
To-day
- gungalunda,
Star -
- kowberri.
eelal.
Light -
- dooeyi.
To-morrow -
- boolooyo.
Dark -
■ boolooe.
Where are
the thalla thane ?
Cold -
boolea.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- boolaid.
I don't know
- wol ngia.
Day ■
burrawurrilla.
Plenty
- booral.
Night -
- bogoora.
Big - -
- booral.
Fire -
wi.
Little -
- tooohidool.
Water
goongon.
Dead -
- boologi.
Smoke
boowilla.
By-and-by -
- ilal, ilaloo.
Ground
- tauri.
Come on
- boori.
Wind -
miera.
Milk - -
-
Rain -
■ yeo.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
wonda.
Wife -
-
262
THE AITSTEALIAN RACE:
No. 175.— WEIR AND MOONIE RIVERS.
By James O'Btkne, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- bundar.
Opossum -
moote.
Tame dog -
ware.
Wild dog -
mianba.
Kmu -
dinoyn.
Black duck -
korangye.
Wood duck-
koonumbi.
Pelioan
kuUialli.
Laughing jackass kooket, koka
Native companion bralga.
White cockatoo
moori.
Crow -
- when.
Swan -
- beeboo.
Egg - -
ko.
Track of a foot
dirma.
Fish -
naloor.
Lobster
nolaka.
Crayfish
- yingo.
Mosctuito -
mongeen.
Fly - -
winigal.
Snake -
yindobo.
The Blacks ■
- pootlo.
A Blackfellow
- dane.
A Black woman
Nose -
- muroo.
Hand -
- ma.
2 Blacks -
-
3 Blacks -
-
One -
- ber.
Two -
- blar.
Three -
- kullibo.
Pour -
- blar -blar.
Father
- beno.
Mother
- numbade
Sister-Elder
- boade.
„ Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- diade.
,, Younger
A young man
- ookal.
An old man
-
An old woman
-
A baby
- yadeena.
A White man
Children -
- perillegil
Head -
- tigul.
Eye -
- mill.
Ear -
- beno.
WEIR AND MOONIE RIVERS.
263
No.
175. — Weie and Moonie Rivees—
contintted.
Mouth
- mygh.
Boomerang -
■
Teeth -
- ero.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- tigul.
Wood -
■ wumbion.
Beard -
- yarre.
Stone -
- maramo.
Thunder
- tuUoomey.
Camp -
- wooli.
Grass -
- kupoa.
Yes -
- yo.
Tongue
- tali.
No -
- woU.
Stomach
- kowrill.
I
-
Breasts
- nammoo.
You -
- uinda.
Thigh -
- boy-yoo.
Bark -
- tarthar.
Foot -
- deena.
Good -
- mooribo.
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
Pat -
Bowels
Excrement -
- qui.
- ule.
- wommo.
- dikkar.
Bad -
Sweet -
Pood -
Hungry
Thirsty
- kugeel.
- wodle.
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stiok
- hilar.
Bat -
Sleep -
Drink -
Shield
- bureen.
Walk -
Tomahawk -
- indoo.
See -
Canoe -
,-
Sit -
.
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire -
- doone.
- poloor.
- kawburri.
- dei.
- boolya.
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are
Blacks ?
I don't know
Plenty
- kikkaling.
- iUal.
- kawbokaw
the
- bootla.
- wee.
Big -
Little -
- poodlili.
- tookidool.
Water
Smoke
- koongin.
- too.
Dead -
By-and-by -
- baloonye.
Ground
- dimmar.
Come on
-
Wind -
-
Milk -
Rain -
- koongin.
Eaglehawk -
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
-
Wife -
264
THE AUSTRALIAN EACB ;
No. 176.— DUMARESQUE OR UPPER MAOINTYRE
RIVER.
By David Tukbatne, Esq., James Lawlor, Esq., and G. Mtlbs, Esq,
The following information in connection with two dialects
spoken on the Dumaresque or Upper Maclntyre River was
forwarded to me by the gentlemen named above. The
vocabularies, as far as we can judge, differ but little from
the Pikumbul language, of which a specimen is found in
the Kamilaroi of the late Revd. W. Ridley, who notices
\h&i pika signifies yes: —
Additional Words, by Mr. James Lawlor.
Turtle -
- talbugon.
Bite -
- mubbol.
Porcupiae -
- bigubilla.
Sew -
- munboUy.
Wallaby -
- wangun.
Make -
- weemuUy.
Paddimellon
- bogguUa.
Back -
- murcaw.
Deaf adder -
- tamby.
Loins -
- gumbul.
To call
- gongoUy.
Forehead -
- wenda.
„ kill
- bungey.
Biiver -
- wile.
,, spear
- togy, tarry.
Plain -
- goonigal.
,, awim
- gumbec.
Boy -
- tingoU.
,, run
- yanny.
Girl -
- mickay.
„ talk
- yally, yall (did
Husband -
- nubun.
talk).
Wife -
- nubungan
„ ask
- bengoUy, ben-
Son -
- bandyale.
goU (asked).
Daughter -
- bandyane.
Flood -
- warroo.
Friend
- maygon.
Scrub -
- birby.
Stranger
mailwon.
Mountaiu -
- borry-amborry.
A young woman
- bamburr.
Strong
- borroo.
Sky - -
- cawn.
Weak •
- coddara.
High - -
- cawnba.
Light (not heavy) cumbun.
Low -
■ narmoo.
Fear -
- boorabilga, bo-
Bottom
- gundoo.
raby.
Blossom
- gurry.
DUMARESQUE OR UPPER MACINTYRE RIVER.
265
Additional Woeds, by Mr
. James Lawlok-
-coutinued.
Carry -
- caungey.
To smell ■
- bandy.
Carrying -
- caunga.
,, lie - -
- ngally.
Carried
- caunell.
Liar -
- ngal-ngal.
Generous -
- wutaigul.
Truth -
- moorey.
Stupid
- bondan.
Poor thing -
- connanbrilla
Far -
- waanun.
A cripple -
- wambun.
Close -
- tycan.
A sand ridge
- corry.
Soon -
- talin.
A forest
- wallumboor.
How many ?
- monambuU?
Black cockatoo
- yerrangoran.
What?
- minna?
To wash
- bibbiUy.
To hang
- wambilly.
„ cover
- gundaboUy.
„ climb
- wandally.
,. bury -
- nomboUy.
„ pull
- bunnoUy.
„ fight
- bungindilly.
,, break -
- commoUy.
,j finish
- namboUy.
A cloud
- buroungy.
Bandicoot -
- inoomaw.
Summer
- kylugunda.
Rat -
- dirangonny.
Winter
- kowlba.
Native cat -
- giggwee.
266
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 176.-DUMARESQUB OR UPPER MACINTYRE RIVER—
BIGAMBEL LANGUAGE.
By David Turbatne, Esq., and James Lawloe, Esq.
In this language the equivalent of to-day seems to be a compound of the
equivalent of see and day.
Kangaroo -
- bamburr.
Opossum -
- koobi.
Tame dog -
- mirree.
Wild dog -
- ngolgol.
Emu -
- oorun.
Black duck
~ boonaba.
Wood duck
- gurrooba.
Pelican
- gooleegalee
Laughing jackass kagunin.
Native companion gehrr.
White cockatoo
- gairabun.
Crow
- wawkoo.
Swan -
- beeboo.
Egg - -
- gingol.
Track of a foot
- tamboU.
Fish -
- gool.
Lobster
-
Crayfish
- gurineiu.
Mosquito -
- burri.
Fly - -
- krelungan.
Snake •
- timba.
The Blacks -
- mail.
A Blackfellow
- namail.
A Black woman
- tamma.
Nose -
- murroo.
Hand -
- mahr.
2 Blacks -
- mail boolol.
3 Blacks -
-
One -
- biada.
Two -
- boolol.
Three -
- boolol biada.
Four -
- goonimbilla.
Father
- booba, wobbill.
Mother
- kooroonga, gun
mill.
Sister-Elder
- wondill.
,, Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- mugon.
,, Young
er
A young man
- tongoU, tooga-
billa.
An old man
- doora.
An old woman
- dooragona.
A baby
- karr.
A White man
- goon.
Children
- karrgirran.
Head
- kobbye, kabui.
Eye -
- mill.
Ear -
- binna.
DUMARESQUE OR UPPER MACINTYRE RIVER. 267
No. 176.— DUMAKBSQUE OE IJPPER MAcInTTEE
RrVER — BlOAMBEL
Language — continued.
Mouth
- ngunda.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- dirra.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head - mo.
Wood -
-
Beard -
- yerran.
Stone -
- bori.
Thunder -
- boorunggaimee.
Camp -
- noora.
Grass -
- mura.
Yes -
- koUoo.
Tongue
- talin.
No -
- yaga.
Stomach
- dikki.
I
- ona.
Breasts
- ngumbi.
You -
- inda.
Thigh -
- booyoo.
Bark -
- gilU.
Foot -
- tinahr.
Good - -
- weimba.
Bone -
- guUoo.
Bad -
- womboo.
Blood -
Skin -
Fat -
- gima.
- irgeer
- marroo.
Sweet -
Food -
- kobbyba.
- dallibrenga.
Bowels
- dikkiba, goonna.
Hungry
- dilgee.
Excrement -
- goonna.
Thirsty
- koUing.
War-spear -
- bolgoo.
Bat -
- dalli.
Reed-spear -
- boggoo-dorngill.
Sleep -
- deba.
Throwing-stick
- waneebrenga.
Drink -
- beiuga.
Shield- -
- bolga.
Walk-
- yebbi.
Tomahawk -
- weka.
See -
- namuUi.
Canoe -
- giUee, welbon.
Sit -
- inni.
Sun -
- killee.
Yesterday -
- granall.
Moon -
- durroongan.
To-day
■ nakilleeda.
Star -
- koogee.
To-morrow -
- noolinkabooga.
Light -
- kiun.
Where are
bhe wonda nanduUo
Dark -
- uoolinga.
Blacks ?
mail?
Cold -
-
I don't know
- yaga noda woo-
Heat -
- moddun.
inga.
Day -
- killeeda.
Plenty
- toogulba.
Night -
- nooloo.
Big - -
Fire -
- wee.
Little -
- koggul.
Water
- koUee.
Dead -
- moon.
Smoke
- tugga.
By-and-by -
Ground
- taree.
Come on
- yerri, yebbooga.
Wind-
- meen.
Milk -
Rain -
- tobbill, koUee.
Baglehawk -
- dooey.
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
-
Wife -
• nubungan.
268
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 176.— HEAD WATERS OP THE MACINTYEE RIVER—
PREAGALGH LANGUAGE.
By G. Mylbs, Esq.
Kangaroo -
bonboo.
Hand -
- ma.
Opossum
koopi.
2 Blacks -
boolar woorin.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
meera.
3 Blacks -
boolar bather
woorin.
Emu - - - moorin.
Black duck - - goor-mooringa.
Wood duck - - goor-aba.
Pelican - - gooralga.
Laughing jackass karngoongoon.
Native companion berralga.
One -
Two -
Three -
Pour -
Father
bather,
boolar.
boolar bather,
boolar boolar.
wobb.
White cockatoo
gerbin.
Mother
goa.
Crow -
- woggin.
Sister-Elder
warringun.
Swan -
beebo.
,, Younger
Egg - -
- goobun.
Brother-Elder
wooremla.
Track of a foot
,, Younger
Msh -
- gool.
A young man
tallinba.
Lobster
gannoon.
An old man
doora.
Crayfish -
An old woman
doorangan.
Mosquito -
- booree.
A baby
kagool.
Fly - -
A White man
goon.
Snake -
- yalgun.
Children
The Blacks -
■ woorin.
Head -
koinbure or kom
A Blackfellow
- wooriu.
burl.
A Black woman
- womo.
Eye -
mel.
Nose -
- mooroo.
Ear -
binna.
HEAD WATEES OP THE MACINTYRE RIVER.
269
No. 176.— Head Waters of the
MacInttre RrvER — Preaoalgh
Lanquage-
-continued.
Mouth
- nundra.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- deera.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- kaboon.
Wood
- bagoora.
Beard -
- magun.
Stone -
- goora.
Thunder -
- booringa.
Camp -
- moora.
Grass -
- within.
Yes -
- yooi.
Tongue
.
No -
- yakka.
Stomach
- diga.
I
-nathuna.
Breasts
- nammoo.
You -
- wonda.
Thigh -
- booyoo.
Bark -
- gilla.
Foot -
- dinna.
Good -
- karmba.
Bone -
- goolgoo.
Bad -
- wombo.
Blood -
- gunera.
Sweet
-
Skin -
- ueera.
Pood -
.
Pat -
- marroo.
Hungry
- dillgri.
Bowels
- kuUin.
Thirsty
-
Excrement -
- goonna,.
Eat -
- taleba.
War-spear -
- bogo.
Sleep -
- mordeba.
Reed-spear -
■
Drink
- kolli beela.
Throwing-stick
- (not used).
Shield -
- binninbera.
Walk -
■
Tomahawk -
- koomee.
See -
- niela.
Canoe -
- (not used).
Sit -
- ninaba.
Sun -
■ grali.
Yesterday -
Moon -
- debir.
To-day
- tuUun.
Star -
- googee.
To-morrow -
- thallingurrin.
Light -
- gilli.
Where are the
wooti woorin?
Dark -
- moorla.
Blacks?
Cold -
- neetha.
I don't know
.
Heat -
- marthol.
Plenty
- dooglebilla.
Day -
- gillibun.
Big -
- mogoonba.
Night -
- moorla.
Little -
- kagool.
Pire ■
- wee.
Dead -
- woomune.
Water
- koUi.
By-and-by -
Smoke
- dooga.
Ground
- deree.
Come on
- arri.
Wind -
- padoona.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- koUi-bothi.
Eaglehawk
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
270 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 177.— PAROO AND WARREGO RIVERS NORTH
OF LAT. 27" 30', AND MUNGALELLA CREEK.
By W. H. Lookek, Esq., W. R. Conn, Esq., L. M. Playpaik, Esq.,
and j. hollingsworth, esq.
From the attaclied vocabularies tlie reader mil find that on
the above-named streams, and north of Lat. 27° 30' or there-
abouts, the languages have so much in common that they
might almost be called one. Indeed, some of my correspond-
ents speak of them as one ; and if the reader will compare
the first dozen words in the several vocabularies, he will see
how similar they are. They are not, however, identical, and
the differences in their negative adverbs and their equiva-
lents for the Blacks show that there are several distinct
tribes in the locality.
Besides the vocabularies inserted, I have received four
others from Mr. Cameron, Mr. David Campbell, Mr. Donald
Mackenzie, and Mr. Vincent Dowling, which offer but few
points of difference. Two of these gentlemen, however, and
Mr. Looker, translate the term '■^ the Blacks" by the word
Murri or Murray which is no doubt incorrect, as we find
that term is the name of one of the classes into which each
of these tribes is subdivided.
In addition to the vocabularies received from Mr. Play-
fair, Mr. HoUingsworth, Mr. Conn, and Mr. Looker, which I
have inserted, I have also been favored by these gentlemen
with replies to my printed Questions, which agree so well
together that I have compressed the whole into one account,
PAROO AND WARREGO RIVERS, ETC. 271
whicli embraces tlie many tribes which occupy the country I
am dealing with, and which was, I am told, first squatted on
in from 1860 to 1864. Indeed, as regards some portions of
the Warrego frontage, I believe they were occupied as cattle
stations some years earlier.
The name of the Mungalella Creek tribe, described by
Mr. HoUingsworth, is Peechera. Their language is called
Goughi. Many of the members of these tribes lived to be
grey-headed, and Mr. Playfair notices one as being bald; but
imported diseases, infanticide, and debauchery are fast ex-
terminating them. Originally the females wore round the
waist a fringe of spun opossum fur, but the men went
entirely naked. Against cold, flies, and mosquitos, the
usual daubings with grease and mud during the day, and at
night the usual small fires and smoke, are had recourse to.
The women plaster themselves with clay during the period of
menstruation. The tribes have amongst them the common
nets, weapons, and implements, the boomerang included, but
the wommera is not used. Their weapons are often colored
with red ochre, and with the front tooth of the opossum and
the shell of the mussel ground to an edge are executed (or
were before we introduced iron) the often elaborate carving
with which they are decorated. Not unfrequently their meat
and roots were cooked in ovens, but these were only tem-
porary constructions, if I may so call them, which never grew
into mounds, as in the South.
Mr. Playfair informs me that the tribes with which he is
acquainted are divided each into four classes, called Murri,
Combo, Cubbi, and Ippai, with the object of restricting
marriage in the following way, viz.: —
Males. Females. Children.
Any Murri may marry any Combo; offspring Ippai.
,, Combo ,, „ Murri; ,, Cubbi.
„ Cubbi „ ,, Ippai; „ Combo.
„ Ippai ,, ,, Cubbi; ,, Murri.
Mr. Playfair does not give the feminine names, and I
give his version as he sent it, but he adds: — They have also
272 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
the following class-names (no doubt subdivisions) viz.,
opossum, snake, kangaroo, emu, crow, and eaglehawk, but
he does not enter into any particulars concerning them.
Mr. Looker's account of the classes into which the tribes
are divided is as follows. Their names in both sexes are: —
Males.
Females.
Murri -
- Matha.
Combo -
- Botha.
Wongoo
- Wongo-gan.
Umbree
- Umbreegan.
Cubbi -
- Cubbotha.
Hippi -
- Hippatha.
Ogilla -
- Ogellegun.
The marriage relations and classification of children, as
far as he enumerates them, are these: —
A Murri marries a Botha. Their children are — Males,
Hippi; females, Hippatha.
A Cubbi marries a Hippatha. Their children are —
Males, Combo; females, Botha.
A Combo marries a Matha. Their children are —
Males, Cubbee; females, Cubbatha.
A Hippai marries a Cubbotha. Their children are —
Males, Murri; females, Matha.
Marriage in these tribes is generally endogamous, in
accordance with the above system, but on rare occasions a
woman is stolen from some other tribe. Polygamy is preva-
lent, and one man at present has as many as eight wives.
Females are often betrothed in infancy, become wives at
seven, and, they say, mothers at ten or eleven years of age,
but this I think is a mistake. Males are allowed to get
wives, if they are able, after they have undergone the cere-
monies by which they are raised to the rank of young men ;
but if they have no sisters to offer in exchange their case is
all but hopeless. Infanticide prevails largely.
The ornaments worn are necklaces made of stout grass-
stems or reeds, cut into short lengths and strung; also shells
which hang over the forehead suspended from the hair. These
PAROO AND WARREGO RIVERS, ETC. 273
shells are said to come from tribes somewhere to the north or
north-west, Kestrictions regarding the use of food exist.
Mr. Playfair notices on this subject that women of the Murree
class are not allowed to eat golden bream; and that black
perch are forbidden to Combo women ; that emu, emus' eggs,
and snakes are reserved for the elders of the tribe; and that
a young woman will fairly run away from an emu's egg or
even its shell. Young men and boys are forbidden to eat
ducks, turkeys, and opossums in some of the tribes. As
regards cannibalism my informants are not agreed; but,
judging from what they say, I believe it exists (or did prior
to the arrival of the Whites) as an occasional practice. Oph-
thalmia is and was very prevalent. In making young men
the custom in some of the tribes is to pluck out by the roots
all the hair on the aspirant's body. Early in youth the skin
is ornamentally scarred in various parts, and the septum of
the nose pierced. In some of these tribes, both males and
females have a front tooth or teeth knocked out; but in others
this practice is confined to the females. It is a novel feature
that the Paroo tribes object to White people witnessing their
corroborees.
The dead are disposed of in various ways; some are
burned, with everything belonging to them; others are made
into mummies, which are carried about for several years,
and then dropped down the hoUow pipe of a standing tree.
Not unfrequently the hair is cut off the body of a corpse, and
its face daubed with wet clay before interment. I learn
from Mr. HoUingsworth that pitcheree is occasionally
obtained from the neighbouring tribes to the north-west.
Eude drawings are made on bark. Message-sticks are in
use on the Paroo, and Mr. Playfair has at my request taken
the trouble to make many inquiries concerning them. The
use of message-sticks, he says, certainly does not amount to
a system of writing or hieroglyphics, but that occasionally
two individuals agree upon signs by which notices of such
things as the occurrence of a death, the existence of plenty
of food, can be sent. But as the bearer of the stick would
VOL, III, s
274 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
be certain to retail the news from tlie camp lie had left, of
what use is the stick ?
Wars are carried on by night attacks in the usual way.
Disputes within the tribes generally originate in jealousies
about the women, and are settled by single combat, one of
the warriors being, as a rule, knocked senseless.
In sickness various treatments are had recourse to.
Sometimes the sick cover themselves with mud ; at others,
one end of a string is tied round the affected part, and
the other an old woman see-saws across her gums till the
blood comes from them ; she then washes the blood from
her mouth with water into a vessel which she has at hand,
and it is believed that the blood is conveyed inside the
string from the seat of pain to the woman's mouth, and that
its abstraction will most probably cause a cure. The toy
known as the " bull-roarer" is in use amongst these tribes
when making young men, as Mr. HolUngsworth informs me.
To it are ascribed ■ mysterious qualities, and the women fly
from the sound. When leaving a camp, it is common to lay
on the ground a bundle of twigs, pointing in the direction
in which those departing mean to go, for the information of
other members of the tribe who may come that way.
The name of Coorni Paroo, as applied to the Bulloo, Mr.
Playfair informs me is a misnomer.
The most interesting fact connected with these tribes is
that they form a portion of the western outposts of -that
section of the race which inhabits Eastern Australia. That
they are related to the eastern, and not to the central section
of the race, is shown by the names which they use in con-
nection with their marriage classes, which are simply those
of the Kamilaroi tribes, whose country is 250 miles away to
the south-east. Language testifies to the same fact, as the
reader will see if he compares from the annexed vocabularies
the words bower a = kangaroo; tangoort = opossum; ko = nose;
yabboo —father; yoonga — mother; doongo = head; with their
equivalents in other eastern and north-eastern languages.
PAROO AND WAREEGO RIVERS, ETC. 275
The term inga or inca — a small species of crayfish, is also in
use, as I remember, on the Lachlan River. It is curious to
find in some of these vocabularies and additional words but
one word to express spear and tree.
sz
276
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
No. 177— MUNGALELLA CREEK.
By W. H. Looker, Esq.
Kangaroo -
Opossum -
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow - - -
Swan - - -
Egg - -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish (small) -
Mosquito -
Fly -
Snake
The Blacks
A Blackf ellow -
A Black woman -
Nose - - •■
poora.
koothed.
ballon, knooing.
monaroo.
burga-burga.
kokan, krue.
bralga.
tickaree.
watha.
kobwee.
nulla.
mga.
- bootie.
- neemoon.
murray.
murray.
muggee.
whoe.
Hand - - -
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three
Four
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
,, Younger -
Brother-Elder -
,, Younger
A young man
An old man
An old woman -
A baby
A White man
Children
Head - - -
Bye - - -
Ear - - -
murra.
boolaree murray
kokobra murray
wongra.
boolaree.
kokobra.
boolaree-
boolaree.
yabo.
yoimga.
mungunee.
wabuld.
koola.
wayama.
moogken.
withoe.
birralee.
bungoon.
tilly.
munga.
CAjrj£j!K..
277
No. 177.— MuNQALELLA CRV,T,Ti— Continued.
Mouth
- ta.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
-
Hill -
Hair of the head
- popa.
Wood -
- tuUgarh.
Beard
Thunder -
- nungea.
- tekol
Stone -
- pungoe.
Grass -
- bogan.
Camp -
Yea -
- yamba.
- ma.
Tongue
- tuUee.
No -
- urda.
Stomach
Breasts
- bungute.
- Onega.
I
You -
- nya.
- inda.
Thigh
-
Bark -
- yumboo.
Foot -
- dinna.
Good -
- durree.
Bone -
- knak-ko.
Blood -
- kooma.
Bad -
- wyuee.
Skin -
- ooman.
Sweet -
- bitterra.
Fat -
- thomee.
Food -
- bunthuTii.
Bowels
- kurree-kurree.
Hungry
Excrement -
- goonna.
Thirsty
- obundarra.
War-spear -
- pugga, merring-
Eat -
- thullee.
ham,
Sleep -
- wooga.
B,eed-spear -
-
Drink -
- yoo-gal.
Wommera or
Walk -
throwlng-stick
See -
Shield -
- burrgo.
Tomahawk -
- buUoa.
Sit -
Canoe -
- kooka.
Yesterday -
- niUa, ninda.
Sun -
. durro.
To-day
Moon -
- tillgan.
To-morrow -
- burdell.
Star -
- tandool.
Where are the
wondtha dun
Light -
- turban.
Blacks ?
derth?
Dark -
- noo-ong.
I don't know
- wondtha ma.
Cold -
- mitha.
Plenty
- balla.
Heat -
Day
- opan.
- dooringha.
Big - -
Little -
- bunga.
- ky-e-u.
Night -
- noo-ong.
Fire -
- boodee.
Dead -
- whoetan.
Water
kommo.
By-and-by -
- nilloe.
Smoke
- toga.
Come on
- ogo gurree, koa-
Ground
dunthee.
koa.
Wind-
earka.
Milk -
-
Rain -
tillaring.
Eaglehawk -
God - -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
278
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 177.— THE UPPER WARREGO AND PAROO RIVERS.
By William R. Conn, Esq.
Kangaroo -
bowra.
Hand-
- murda.
Opossum -
tanurd.
2 Blacks -
boolardo murdie.
Tame dog -
ngoora.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
wanti.
One -
wongarra.
Emu -
goolby.
Two -
boolardo.
Black duck
munara.
Three
boolardo-
Wood duck
wongarra.
Pelican
boolcoon.
Four -
■ boolardo-
Laughing jackass
karcoburra.
boolardo.
Native companion coordodo.
Father
yabbono.
White cockatoo
teeourri.
_
Crow -
watta.
Mother
youTigardi.
Swan -
bigooro.
Sister-Elder
- tagoono nyarra.
Egg -
carboon.
„ Younger
wabboononyarra
Track of a foot
dinna-y-chuUa.
Brother-Elder
Pish -
Younger
Lobster
A young man
■ cowwoola.
Crayfish
bowgili.
An old man
- kaiara.
Mosquito -
boottoia.
An old woman
- coble-coble.
Fly ■ -
nimmun.
A baby
- cando.
Snake
munda.
A White man
wittee.
The Blacks
Children -
oanelo.
ABlackfellow -
murdie.
Head -
doougo.
A Black woman
kambi.
Bye -
- tim.
Nose -
• ko.
Ear -
- munga.
UPPER WARREGO AHfD PAROO RIVERS.
279
No. 177. — The Upper Wabkego
Mouth - - tha.
Teeth- • ■ yearra.
Hair of the head - monga.
Beard - - - nunga.
Thunder - - nullo-nullo.
Grass - - - woottoon.
Tongue - - dulline.
Stomach - - bangurd.
Breasts - - namoone.
Thigh - - baUa.
Foot - - - dinna.
Bone - - - narco.
Blood - - - cooma.
Skin - - - gerring.
Pat -
Bowels
Excrement - - goonna.
War-spear - - barca.
Reed-spear -
Wommera or mooro.
throwing-stick
Shield - - - booro-coo.
Tomahawk - - burroo.
Canoe -
Sun - - - doordo.
Moon - - - kuckardo.
Star - - - neeworra.
Light - - - boyn.
Dark - - - noorundi.
Cold - - - yakkul.
Heat - - boeyoo.
Day - - - neelga.
Night - - - goobega.
Fire - - boordi.
Water- - carmo.
Smoke- - - dookan.
Ground - - nanthe.
Wind - - - yarraca.
Rain - - - carmo bathing.
God -
Ghosts - - binooon.
AND Paeoo RrvERS — continued.
Boomerang - - wongal.
Hill - - - bancurda.
Wood -
Stone - - - bangoo.
Camp - - - yamba.
Yes - - - yoe.
No - - . ourda.
I - - - - ngia.
You - - - yenda.
Bark - - - peea.
Good - - - mickineberri.
Bad - - - kungardi.
Sweet - - - yeara.
Pood - - - urdie.
Hungry - - cabardi.
Thirsty
Eat - - - ookung.
Sleep - - - wookawonung.
Drink - - - oarmo-ookung.
Walk - - - wychung.
See - - - nuckung.
Sit - - - beendung.
Yesterday - - goolieure.
To-day - - neilga.
To-morrow - - goondarro.
Where are the inter murdie ?
Blacks?
I don't know - interra angabe.
Plenty - - mulla-muUa.
Big - . - bunga.
Little - - - kioo.
Dead - - - goonteela.
By and-by - - kickardo, babo.
Come on - - wooko-wicka.
Milk - - - namoone.
Eaglehawk - - coothalla.
Wild turkey - bookine.
Wife -
280
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE
No. 177.— THE UPPER PAROO.
By L. M. Platpaib, :
Kangaroo -
Opossum
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duok -
Wood duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow -
Swan -
Egg -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - - -
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackf ellow -
A Black woman -
Nose -
bowra.
tangort.
oura.
wante.
koolberri.
mangara.
kournma.
tarta.
kakonbur.
kountara.
tigarde.
wagin, wada.
kotero.
kapoin.
tena.
ude, munge.
bogally.
boithon.
nemon.
muuta.
walla.
made.
madda, kambi.
ko.
Hand -
2 Blacks ■
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
Four -
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
,, Younger -
Brother-Elder -
,, Younger
A young man
An old man
An old woman -
A baby
A White man
Children
Head -
Eye -
Ear -
madda.
wongara.
boolardoo.
koorbara.
boolardoo-
boolardoo.
yabino.
maiara.
bairno.
takkoin.
wabardo.
nauka, kowla.
kaira.
kamin.
barko-de, kando.
wedo.
yauga.
toogo.
tille.
manga.
THE UPPER PAROO.
281
No. 177.— The Upper Paboo — continued.
Mouth
- be, ta.
Boomerang -
- wangal.
Teeth -
- yeta.
HiU - -
- morella, banko.
Hair of the heat
- turoin.
Wood -
- baka.
Beard -
- nauka.
Stone -
- barre, banko.
Thunder
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
Breasts
- barri,
- woton.
- talain,
- parby, baindur.
- namoon.
Camp -
Yes - -
No -
I
- yamba.
- yoko.
- yamma.
- ngai-ia, itu.
Thigh -
- tara.
You -
- idno, yinda.
Foot -
- tena.
Bark -
- beya, morgoin.
Bone -
- nago, emo.
Good -
- murga.
Blood -
Skin -
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
- kooma.
- dunte.
- wommo, tame.
- teduro, bamdal.
- koonna.
Bad -
Sweet -
Food -
Himgry
- warwarro, bauya.
- godja.
- ukulgo, yude.
- kabid, kuliatin.
War-spear -
- mingoo, baka,
Thirsty
- koballa,mariatui.
babaino.
Eat -
- ukal, pautein.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- uga.
Wommera or
morro.
Drink -
- tappa, wadya.
throwing-stiok
Shield
- bongo, uba.
Walk -
See -
- tala, wegauga.
- naga, neimie.
Tomahawk -
- paloin.
Sit -
- blnda, begauge.
Canoe -
-
Yesterday -
- urindia.
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
- todo.
- kokkarra.
- neo-do.
- boain.
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are
Blacks?
- iimba, nelya.
- kundaroo.
the yinda waga ?
Cold -
- yakul.
I don't know
- yamme.
Heat -
- yattin, poath.
Plenty
- waintu.
Day -
- thanauga.
Big -
- mulla-muUa.
Night - -
- pitta.
Little -
- kioo, kapoin.
Fire -
- boodi, wee.
Dead -
- kuutine.
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind -
Rain -
God -
- koommoo,kallan,
- toga, tuka.
- taka, tante.
- yerga.
- tantinga, ukau.
By-and-by -
Come on
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
- baboo.
- wadyinko, kuga.
- pathan.
- koothalla.
- bungain.
Ghosts
- wanbo.
Wife -
- querda.
282
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 177.— THE WARRBGO AND PAROO RIVERS.
By Joseph Hollingsworth, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- bowerra.
Opossum
- dongoorel.
Tame dog -
- ngoora.
Wild dog -
- wunthie.
Emu -
- goolbae.
Black duck -
- munburEa.
Wood duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo
- teecaddy.
Crow -
- wotthar.
Swan -
-
Egg -
- oarboon.
Track of a foot
- thinner.
Pish -
- gooioo.
Lobster
-
Crayfish
- bookillee.
Mosquito -
- boothoon.
Fly -
- neemun
Snake -
- moonta.
The Blacks -
- murringo.
A Blackf ellow
- mardie.
A Black woman
- wyanbirra
Nose -
- koar.
Hand -
- marda.
2 Blacks -
- paulludy mardie
3 Blacks -
- paulludy won-
kera mardie.
One -
- onkera or won
kera.
Two -
- paulludy.
Three -
- paulludy onkera
Pour -
- paulludy paul-
ludy.
Father
- yabboon.
Mother
- wobboodoo.
Sister-Elder
-
„ Younger
-
Brother-Elder
-
„ Young
er
A young man
- coul, cowel.
An old man-
- kyearroo.
An old woman
- yungun-kyear-
roo.
A baby
- camdoo.
A White man
- coign.
Children -
- carroo.
Head -
- thoonggoo.
Eye -
- teelee.
Bar -
- munser.
THE WARREGO AND PAROO RIVERS.
283
No. 177. — The Wakeeoo aud Paeoo Rivees — continued.
Mouth-
■ thar.
Boomerang -
- wongel.
Teeth -
- yeer.
Hill -
- bungo carripooi
Hair of the head
- thooroo.
(stones high).
Wood -
- bargar.
Beard -
- ngunga.
Stone -
- bungo.
Thunder -
- noola-noola.
Camp -
- yumba, yum-
Grass -
- ootthoon.
borra.
Tongue
- thalUng.
Yes -
- yowie, ngowa.
Stomach
- yandi.
No -
- curther, yumma.
Breasts
- ngmnoon.
I-
- ngia, nginya.
Thigh -
- tharra.
You -
Bark -
- inda, yourra.
- biar.
Foot -
- thinna.
Good -
- mickanberri,
Bone -
- ngarkoo.
moorioar.
Blood -
- coomma.
Bad -
- curthee, warrico-
Skin -
- beer.
warrico.
Pat -
- thamia, wammo.
Sweet -
- moorioar good-
Bowels
-
Food -
yar.
- yuddy, muntha.
Excrement -
- goonna.
Hungry
- cobertabae.
War-spear or tree barga.
Thirsty
- cammoyuckerrer
Reed-spear -
-
Eat -
- uckerrer, uga.
Wommera or
mooroo.
Sleep -
- oga.
throwing-stick
Drink -
- uckerrer.
Shield or back
- bauioogoo.
Walk -
- wygella.
Tomahawk -
- ballone.
See
- knarkulla.
Canoe -
.
Sit -
- pinda.
Sun -
- thoodoo.
Yesterday -
- cooUerie moock-
erroo.
Moon -
- kakada.
To-day
Star -
- nguardoo.
To-morrow -
- goonderroo,
Light -
- teeleebookooroo.
mookerroo.
Dark -
- gobear.
Where are
the inthamdoo
Cold -
- yuckuU.
Blacks ?
mardie ?
Heat -
- booine.
I don't know
- curther ngyer
imbella.
Day -
- nulyambo goon-
Plenty
- muUa-mulla.
daroo.
Big - -
- gooricanbe.
Night -
- gobear.
Little -
- kyeu, thippo.
Fire -
- booardie.
Dead -
- wooUul.
Water -
- kammo, ammo.
By-and-by -
- bobo, ngeely-
Smoke
- thook.
ambo.
Ground
- thundy.
Come on
- ookoo cuntha.
Wind -
- yarraga.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- cammotyingoora.
Eaglehawk -
- kootthuUa.
God -
-
WUd turkey
■ boongie.
Ghosts
- weettho.
Wife -
- cooeearter.
284
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 177. — Additional Wobds, by Mr. J. Hollinoswoeth.
What -
annee.
More -
- cullar.
Together or
eeilpan.
To do again
- cullaro.
sweetheart
Gidya-tree -
- cobardoo.
Fish-hook -
au.
Gum-tree -
- carcoola, carcoo
Wallaby -
barapa.
lin.
Fresh-water
beerdee.
Bloodwood-tree
- cambool.
turtle
Rug, clothes
- corrie.
Mussel
- botherercur.
A long distance
- cumburrie.
To bite
■ bothilla.
Tired -
- coolyarlar.
„ cut
- bobeUar.
A stink
- cutcha.
Dew -
■ bauanee.
Frightened -
- cuUuUa.
Scrub -
- bardoo.
Short -
- coongoon.
To dig
barculla.
Net -
- coolin.
» get up -
boorangee.
To pretend -
- cotthingella.
,, pant
booeeyar.
,, cooee
- coolella.
Currajong-tree
bingee.
Nasty
- curtee.
Box-tree -
barcoora, koola-
A rainbow -
- cutchun.
bar.
North -
- carripooi.
Run -
bawdinya.
To throw -
- ooochamyar.
Big -
bunyarty.
A yam-stick
- cuntha.
Directly
bobbo.
To spit
- cunther.
To carry
bungil.
A sLranger -
- coongai.
Wild orange
bumble.
A kite (blood)
- coomma.
Deep -
■ bootchoo.
To cook or bum
- cobella.
Wild -
booramby.
Louse -
- carra.
To chop out
bungel.
Golden bream
- cuarree.
The sky
bundara.
Warrego River
- ourdeela (i.e.,
Birds -
bee-ee.
river of sand).
Girdle
beera.
To whistle -
- coobeel.
To exchange
buck-kin.
Gently
- ee-ik-carra.
Red ochre or red
cootthae.
To smell
- eer-ai-bae.
Husband -
coongul.
You and I -
- ngnlli.
Throat, to be sick
cower.
A little girl
- gumbee.
Calabash -
cookar.
Plain country
- goonni.
White
coba-ooba.
Black color
- goorol.
Sand -
curdeer.
Honey, sweet
- gootcha.
THE WARREGO Al^D PAROO RIVERS.
285
No. 177. — Additional Words, by
House - - goondy.
Belonging to a
house - ■ goondy-gallo.
Cattle - - gareril.
Mine - - ■ ngatchu.
Name - - - ngy.
What name? - annee ngy?
To shoot or kill - goonill.
Be gone - - goondoo.
To give - ■ goombul.
,, steal - - goonthama.
Tall - - - goorriccan.
Hard - - gurrikill.
Broken - - goondilla.
Bald - - - goorpin.
South - - - goorarudoo.
To itch - - gidgeela.
Sunbeams - - gangara.
To cover - - gumbun.
,, swim - - gnoombula.
,, talk - - goolparra.
„ perspire - gnumburra.
Root of water-lily gobbeer.
Perch - - oo-cooroo-coora.
Who ? - - - oonthooroo ?
Bandicoot - - ornee.
Where? - - intharndoo?
To hear - - imbella.
Native well - incurra.
,, bee - - meemun.
The bat - - mutohanbirra.
A club - - mooroo.
Leeches - - moonquin.
Blind - - mootchoo.
Big-toe, thumb - mookillee.
Magellan clouds - millerrie.
Hair, feathers - moonchoo.
Bottle-tree - minderra.
A shade - - muUo.
Soft ■ - - mooning.
Mb. J. HoLLiNGSWOKTH — Continued.
Tears - - meelyarty.
Old, worn out - mutcha.
Take hold - - murrel.
Stay - - - muttha.
Hail - - - mookooloo.
A spring - - moontangurra.
Frost - - ■ meetharra.
Gum - - - mookine.
A friend - - noola.
East - - - nararparamdoo.
Flowers - - oba.
Seed - - - pulpart.
To dream - - pigeelar.
Mulga-tree - pindeea.
Pine-tree - - pyingerra.
To cry - - parrin.
West - - parramdoo.
Listen - qooroo.
Iguana - - quarrin.
Blow-fly - - qoodooroo.
Kangaroo-grass quoilpin.
seed
To taste - - thallal.
Leaves of trees - thallar.
A watercourse - thuUa.
Run quick - ty-ty.
Evening star - tar.
Quandongs (red) thianburra.
,, (white) theewau.
Reeds - - teecull.
The liver - - thibba.
The heart - - woolcoo.
Unwell - - wee-wee.
Always - - wundoo.
Long since - wiearra.
To roast - - wat-thool.
Yarran-tree - weelbala.
To laugh - - yat-thin.
Clouds - - yo-gan.
Truly - - yangger
286
THE AUSTRALIAN BACB ;
No. 177. — ^Additionai Words, by L. M. Platfaib,
Native bee
gudja.
Uncle
- kaugemo
North-east wind
kauymo.
Net -
- kooli.
Ant -
March-fly -
Husband -
Son -
nimmein.
bunge.
• koungal.
- tirgi.
Gum-tree -
Iguana
Sand-fly -
- kacola.
- bama.
- bea.
Daughter -
toana.
Tree -
- pugga.*
No. 178.— RICHMOND RIVER
By Chablbs Edwaeds, Esq., E. Ross, Esq., and Daniel
HoGtAN, Esq., C.P.S.
The three following vocabularies are from the Richmond
River, and though they differ but sUghtly, they belong,
I believe, to distinct tribes. In two of the vocabularies we
find but one word to express yesterday and to-morrow, on
which point I have frequently noticed Blacks a little
puzzled. Mr. Edwards gives the following Additional
Words:—
Codfish - - youngaun.
Turtle - - bingin.
Eel - - - eroul.
Perch - - mogim.
Demon - - gimmong.
Boys - - goombi ohunga-
gun.
Names of three brothers
Names of two brothers
Names of women
Class-names of Ettrick Blacks -
Class-names of Lismore Blacks
Male calls his sister's son
Male calls his brother's son
A woman calls her brother's son
Her husband calls the same person
Girls - - booyoom too-
pagin.
Any number over goombi.
four
The name of a Tegairi.
Black
Name of his son - Ninkinbarn.
- Orooraban, Beeyan, Guybun.
- Tulean, Nginkinbaun.
- Delairy, Yoobi, Tarlum.
- Wyangari, Widjir, Warloo.
- Kyogle, Weeya, GoomuUi.
- boorchum.
- mooyum.
- newgoon.
- brigum.
* The reader will notice that this rendering of tree does not differ much from that ol
war-spear.
RICHMOND RIVER.
287
The following words were .
sent by Mr. Eoss: —
Black snake
- moinba.
Lightning -
- thunkan.
Whip snake
- eringh.
Walk on -
- yenna ki.
Iguana
- dirrawong.
On the spot
- knoki.
Chin
- yeinderra.
Stump
- kunomb.
Right hand
- thuninba.
Iron -
- tinkilbill
Left hand-
- whooram.
Sailing vessel
- murrung(
From this list we see that the tribe has distinct
substantive terms for right hand and left hand.
288
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 178.— RICHMOND RIVER.
Bt Chaeles Edwaeds, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- groomon or
Hand -
- tungun.
kroomon.
2 Blacks -
- booroora baygul
Opoasum
- ereking.
3 Blacks -
- booroora yabra
Tame dog -
- tobury.
baygul.
Wild dog -
-
One -
- yabra.
Emu -
- coring.
Blaok duek -
- mara.
Two -
- booroora.
Wood duck
- boorabigul.
Three -
- booroora yabra.
Pelican
- tungera.
Four -
- booroora
Laughing jackass karkoon.
booroora.
Native companion kooralkum.
Father
marmong.
White cockatoo
- karie.
Mother
kooning.
Crow -
- waugaun.
Sister-Elder
nanung.
Swan -
- ginabee.
„ Younger
Egg -
- moongaraim.
Track of a foot
- koolgun.
Brother-Elder
bunum.
Fish -
-
,, Younger
Lobster
-
A young mR,n
keebra.
Crayfish -
- bouragin.
An old man
kitohome.
Mosquito -
- mundura.
An old woman -
waurong.
Ely -
- toonburra.
A baby
chachum.
Snake (carpet)
- yumba.
A White man
tucki.
„ (black)
- koongai.
The Blacks -
- baygul.
Children
A Blackfellow
- baygul.
Head
bowra.
A Blaok woman
- doobury.
Eye -
me.
No«e -
- mooro.
Ear -
binung.
RICHMOND RIVER.
289
No. 178. — Richmond Rivee — continued.
Mouth
• chairng.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- dedung.
Hill - -
-
Hair of the hea(
- koondun.
Wood -
- gallee.
Beard -
- yerin.
Stone -
- tharo.
Thunder -
- mogara.
Camp -
- weabra.
Grass -
- withirung.
Yes -
- yoey.
Tongue
- yalling.
No .
- ughun.
Stomach
- doolgo.
I
- ugie.
Breasts
- groom.
Thigh -
Foot -
- terung.
- chinnung.
You -
Bark -
- weaya.
- bagool.
Bone -
- derrigona.
Good -
- boogol.
Blood -
- koomara,
Bad - -
- thung.
Skin -
- ulung.
Sweet -
- berrygan.
Fat -
- bunraragun.
Food -
-
Bowels
- muckai.
Hungry -
- gobberrie.
Excrement -
- koonung.
Thirsty
- nooai.
War-spear -
- taung or tewang.
Eat -
- tallala.
Reed-spear -
- kiung, birala.
Sleep -
- wouram.
Wommera or
kunai.
throwing-stick
Drink -
- tokalaila.
Shield
- buckar.
Walk -
- yangarla.
Tomahawk -
- moogin.
See -
- narala.
Canoe -
• burcool.
Sit -
-
Sun -
- yalgun.
Yesterday -
- nobau.
Moon -
- giboom.
To-day
- byan.
Star -
- cooyumgun.
To-morrow -
- nobau.
Light -
- bubbin.
Where are
bhe chir baygul ?
Dark -
- mundery.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- woruug.
I don't know
- yoogum.
Heat -
- boorogo
Plenty
- coombee.
Day -
- noomgara.
Night -
- tupin.
Big - -
- gidyoon.
Fire -
- weebra.
Little -
- bidung.
Water
- koong.
Dead -
- youbun.
Smoke
- chume.
By-and-by -
- yow.
Ground
- chuckun.
Come on
- gouay.
Wind -
- booragin.
Milk -
Rain -
- koong.
Eaglehawk -
God (Creator)
- muckoolum.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- yanyangala.
Wife -
-
VOL. in.
'
r
290
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 178.— BALLINA.
By E. Ross, Esq.
Kangaroo -
kurruman.
Hand -
tonguon.
Opossum
quean.
2 Blacks -
barroro bygle.
Tame dog -
aggum.
3 Blacks -
barroro yabbro
Wild dog -
bygle.
Emu -
wooring.
One -
yabbro.
Black duck -
marra.
Two -
barroro.
Wood duck
Three -
barroro yabbro.
Pelican
thungara.
Pour -
bulla bulla.
Laughing jackass
- kargau.
Native companion
chiimon garrara.
Pather
mamong.
White cockatoo
karra.
Mother
nabbung.
Crow -
wogan.
Sister-Elder
nanigh.
Swan -
kinnabee.
„ Younger
Egg -
kobing.
Brother-Elder
- bunnuarm.
Track of a foot
kulgau.
„ Youngei
Fish -
thallum.
A young man
- keebra.
Lobster
bumicum, murry .
An old man
wiengbuU.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
mundurra.
An old woman
- meerong.
Ply - ■
thumburry.
A baby
- tharthum.
Snake (carpet)
- coble.
A White man
The Blacks -
kununbeen.
Children
A Blackfellow ■
bygle.
Head -
- congarra.
A Black woman
Eye -
- mee.
Nose -
- morrow.
Ear -
- pinnong.
BATTINA.
29
No. 178.-
— Ballina — coiUimied.
Mouth
- thang.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- diddong.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- bowrra.
Wood -
- thalley.
Beard -
- yerring.
Stone -
- thorrow.
Thunder
Grass -
- mograa.
- muudroo.
Camp -
- himbing.
Tongue
- yelling.
Yes -
- yoe.
Stomach
- moikue.
No -
- yucumba.
Breasts
- meerang.
I
- yabrugin, nye.
Thigh -
- kindle.
You -
- weear.
Foot -
- chiTina.ng.
Bark -
- boolomb.
Bone -
- dadigun.
Good -
- bungarra.
Blood -
- kumarra.
Bad -
- yell-yell, thung
Skin -
- yundra, yooling.
Sweet -
- barragan.
Fat -
- bunjurakau.
Food -
Bowels
- moiky.
Hungry
- cobbiree.
Excrement -
- cuimang.
Thirsty
- nirrigan.
War-spear -
- chuang.
Eat -
- theelala.
Eeed-spear -
-
Wommera or
chunong.
Sleep -
- wooram.
throwing-stick
Drink -
- thuguong.
Shield -
- healemau.
Walk -
- yenna.
Tomahawk -
- woggara.
See -
- nad.
Canoe -
- kindul.
Sit -
- yeanna.
Sun -
- yelkin.
Yesterday -
- wobbo.
Moon -
- nguibom.
To-day
byang.
Star -
To-morrow -
- wobbo.
Light -
- bobbing.
Where are the
ille bygle ?
Dark -
- narlow.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- warring.
I don't know
- yucombe nony-
Heat -
- woon.
gumble.
Day -
- numgura.
Plenty
- kemieby gong.
Night -
- narlow.
Big -
- kiguong.
Fire -
- wibra.
Little -
• biguong.
Water-
ouung.
Dead -
Smoke
tallow.
By-and-by -
wooboo.
Ground
nyle.
Come on
que.
Wind -
borrigan.
Milk -
Eain -
durrum durrum.
Eaglehawk -
God -
tunky.
Wild turkey
Ghosts
kimmong tuoky. j
Wife -
T 2
292
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 178.— LISMORE.
Bt Daniel Hooan, Esq., C.P.S.
Kangaroo -
- kuruman.
Hand -
tunkau."
Opossum
- koogan.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
- augham.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
■
One -
yabra.
Emu -
- nurun.
Two -
bullaa.
Black duck -
- mara.
Wood duck -
Three -
bulla yabra.
Pelican
- kinnibee.
Four -
■ balla bulla.
Laughing jackass cargaum.
Father
mamul.
Native companion kiogle.
Mother
quinuin.
White cockatoo
- kayra.
Sister-Elder
nunung.
Crow -
- waughun.
,, Younger
Swan -
-
Brother-Elder
■ bunnam.
Egg - -
- cobbin.
„ Youngei
Track of a foot
- tharrana.
Fish -
- tuUum.
A young man
keebra.
Lobster
-
An old man
kidjune.
Crayfish
An old woman
murrung.
Mosquito -
- munjook.
A baby
thaduin.
Fly -
- buan.
A White man
thagheradge.
Snake -
- uanba.
Children
thakum, currall
The Blacks -
- bygal.
A Blackfellow
■ bygal.
Head -
pooera.
A Black woman
- toobia.
Eye -
mil.
Nose -
- murrock.
Ear -
binnong.
LISMORE.
s
No. 118.— LiSMons— continued.
Mouth
- moolang.
Boomerang -
.
Teeth -
- tretong.
Hill . -
-
Hair of the heac
I - poora.
Wood -
- thalby.
Beard -
- yarring.
Stone -
- tharoo.
Thunder -
- mukkera.
Camp -
- timmon.
Grass -
- weatchong.
Yes -
- yaway.
Tongue
- yulban.
No ■
- yukkum.
Stomach
- moong,
I
- ngi.
Breasts
- ngama.
You -
- walbo.
Thigh .
- tcheriug.
Bark -
- bockall.
Foot -
- tchinnong.
Good -
Bone -
- dutoheroo.
Blood -
- kumerok.
Bad -
- chang.
Skin -
- yoolin.
Sweet -
- bewkin.
Fat -
- watcheroo.
Food -
- ngagune.
Bowels
- muckii.
Hungry
- kabbora.
Excrement ■
- kumiuTig.
Thirsty
- nirkin.
War-spear -
- tchuan.
Eat -
- thangeay.
Reed-spear -
- commii.
Sleep -
- newram (?).
Wommera or
thunuung.
Drmk -
- ohookyan.
throwing- stick
Walk-
- yonbie.
Shield -
- baukkar.
See
- niallan.
Tomahawk -
- bundan.
Cauoe -
- kundool.
Sit
- yehia, yundur
Sun -
- yalkun.
Yesterday -
- uooba.
Moon -
• kubboon.
To-day
- piiyau.
Star -
- quanthou.
To-morrow -
- noobathong.
Light -
- bobou.
Where are the
yubae bygal ?
Dark -
- ngubboa.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- wurring.
I don't know
■ yubaa ngouy.
Heat -
- ngone.
Plenty
- karral.
Day -
- nungurri.
Big ■ -
kukune.
Night -
Little -
beechang.
Fire -
■ wibfeera.
Water
koonk.
Dead -
kuUung.
Smoke
thallo.
By-and-by -
yookur.
Ground
thackoon.
Come on
qua, kurr.
Wind -
buirgoon.
Milk -
Bain -
koo-ung.
Baglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
kuba-waaki. 1
Wife -
293
294
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 179.— TENTEEFIELD, NEW ENGLAND.
. Anonymous.
GLEN INNES, NEW ENGLAND.
By C. B. Lowe, Esq.
The two vocabularies whicli follow are specimens of the
dialects of New England. The first is called Yucomble. Mr.
Lowe, who contributes the second, gives the following Addi-
tional Words : — Uncle = alepoon; aunt = munga; and
cousin = nungarah. He adds that on addressing an aunt
the equivalent of mother is often used. The only native
name of a person with which Mr. Lowe is acquainted is
Combo.
No. 179.-TENTERFIELD, NEW ENGLAND.
Anonymous.
Kangaroo -
kooraman.
Opossum
koopi.
Tame dog -
mir.
Wild dog -
Emu -
moorin.
Black duck -
gooralba.
Wood duck
gooraba.
Pelican
doorabilla.
Laughing jackass kargool.
Native companion goorala.
White cockatoo
- garabin.
Crow -
waugan.
Swan -
bonalbe.
Egg - ■
kamboa.
Track of a foot
Fish -
- goorl.
Lobster
ganoon.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
- gurmura.
Fly -
Snake -
- kaka.
The Blacks ■
- gibber.
A Blackfellow
gibber.
A Black woman
- hekita.
Nose -
- nurin.
Hand -
- yama.
2 Blacks -
- boother gibber.
3 Blacks -
- boother duar gib-
ber.
One -
- duar.
Two -
- boother.
Three -
- boother duar.
Four -
- boother boother.
Father
- pape.
Mother
- mina.
Sister-Elder
„ Younger
Brother-Elder
, , Younger
A young man
- kipper.
An old man
- durra.
An old woman
-
A baby
- ongal, ongura.
A White man
-
Children -
-
Head -
- kopul.
Eye -
- mil.
Ear -
- ema.
TBNTBEPIELD, NEW ENGLAND.
295
No.
179.— Tentekfield, New Enqlanb-
-continued.
Mouth
- eyra.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- era.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head - gonyal.
Wood - . -
- nunda.
Beard -
- nokan.
Stone -
- tarro.
Thunder -
- boogoon.
Camp -
- moora.
Grass -
- outhan.
Yes - -
- yoor.
Tongue
.
No -
- yakka.
Stomach
- mucha.
I
- mina.
You -
- inda.
Breasts
- nammo.
Thigh -
- bongon.
Bark -
- goola.
Foot -
- dinna.
Good -
- pepan.
Bone -
- nimbra.
Bad -
• nantha.
Blood -
- gooma.
Sweet -
-
Skin - -
- ingal.
Food -
- talta.
Fat -
- komba.
Hungry
- tooloominga
Bowels
- kuUinga.
Thirsty
-
Excrement -
- goonna.
Eat -
- yooa.
War-spear -
- pathin.
Sleep -
- woorn.
Reed-spear -
- (not used).
Drink -
- korilta.
Throwing-stick
- (not used).
Walk -
- mannila.
Shield
- menge.
Tomahawk -
- wakur.
See -
- malgu.
Canoe -
- (not used).
Sit -
- narela.
Sun -
- talgai.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- guir.
To-day
■ taUn.
Star -
- megan.
To-morrow ■
- tagree.
Light - -
- magool.
Where are the
Dark -
- mooroo.
Blacks ?
Cold -
-
I don't know
.
Heat -
- wegar.
Day -
- tarar.
Plenty
- meliuga.
Night -
- noom.
Big - -
- magin.
Fire -
- wee.
Little
- tawoni.
Water
■ kookoo.
Dead
- watoona.
Smoke
- dooral.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- tarri.
Come on
- ethemaa.
Wind -
- buran.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- yoorin.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
296
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 179.— GLEN INNES, NEW ENGLAND.
By C. B. Lowe, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- groman.
Opossum
koope.
Tame dog -
merri.
Wild dog -
Emu -
ngoorung.
Black duck -
gundereba.
Wood duck -
goorowburra
Pelican
- wugil.
Laughing jackass gargoon.
Native companion ngeura.
White cockatoo
- geearabel.
Crow -
wahgun.
Swan -
burabura.
Egg - -
kaboa.
Track of a foot
gidena.
Fish -
goorool.
Lobster
- naloan.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
giwin.
Fly -
borlo.
Snake -
goorara.
The Blacks -
goonawl.
A Blackfellow -
gibbera.
A Black woman -
akitchera.
Nose -
moro.
Hand -
- yumma.
2 Blacks
boola gibbera
3 Blacks -
- boola gereara
gibbera.
One -
- gereara.
Two -
boola.
Three -
boola gereara.
Four -
Father
papiel.
Mother
munga.
Sister-Elder
wundeal.
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
gubbeal.
„ Younger
A young man
An old man
booraby.
An old woman
gidoonga.
A baby
gookarna.
A White man
margue.
Children
oongarleen.
Head -
karpooi.
Eye -
meill,
Ear -
beidna.
GLEN INNBS, NEW ENGLAND.
297
No. 179. — Glen Innbs — contirmed.
Mouth
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
■ gia.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- heab.
Wood -
- gate.
Beard -
- nukkim.
Stone -
- goodno.
Thunder
- boorongi.
Camp -
- ngoora.
Grass -
- withun.
Yes -
-
Tongue
- galbain.
No -
- ooka.
Stomach
- makki.
I
- atcha.
Breasts
- ngamoo.
You -
- inda.
Thigh -
- garra.
Bark -
- goolo.
Foot -
- gidda.
Good -
- bepan.
Bone -
- nimbe.
Bad -
- ngaraga.
Blood -
- gungera.
Sweet -
■ galer.
Skin -
- yungera.
Food -
- ewi.
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
- kumba.
- galleenga.
- goonna.
Hungry
Thirsty
- boongere.
- boi.
War-spear -
- bithin.
Eat -
- eni.
Reed-spear -
- wurre.
Sleep -
- nooroombiba.
Throwing-stick
- duanga gat.
Drink -
- gokogulba.
Shield -
- gungi.
Walk -
- manelba.
Tomahawk -
- wakara.
See -
- ngarugeba.
Canoe -
Sit -
- gari.
Sun -
- galgi.
Yesterday -
- ngoroongra.
Moon -
- gewarra.
To-day
- galan.
Star -
- mageen.
To-morrow -
- mooraga.
Light -
- galgi, guppungi.
Where are the wonga gibbera ?
Dark -
- ngoro.
Blacks?
Cold -
- wuUi.
I don't know
- ooka atcha inan
Heat -
- galgarga.
gange.
Day -
- yullooeenga
Plenty
- goonootan.
Night -
- ngoronga.
Big -
- maggim.
Fire -
- wi.
Little -
- jowar.
Water
- goko.
Dead -
- battoonye.
Smoke
- jaw.
By-and-by -
- ballok.
Ground
- garra.
Come on
- yatte manna.
Wind-
boorau.
Milk -
Rain -
yuro.
Eaglehawk
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife -
-
298
THE AUSTEAIilAN RACE:
No. 180.— QUBENBULLA, ASHPORD, AND QUININGUILLAN.
By the Distbict Bench of Magistrates.
Kangaroo -
maroni.
Hand -
yambia.
Opossum
koopi.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
menni.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
One -
tonway.
Emu -
gawril.
Two -
boobia.
Black duck
Wood duck
- grober.
Three -
boobiathi.
Pelican
woohoodoo.
Four -
Laughing jackass
gookooya.
Father
parpinga.
Native companion gooriatti.
Mother
kuppenea.
White cockatoo
Sister-Elder
wonde.
Crow -
- wakan.
,, Younger
Swan -
willar.
Brother-Elder
kownonbi.
Egg - -
Track of a foot
gungi.
winnia.
„ Youngei
Fish -
- garo.
A young man
■ towanbuUa
Lobster
gonon.
An old man
brubbi.
Crayfish
gindangia.
An old woman
- mooberri.
Mosquito
- moneillia.
A baby
- gow.
Fly -
barloo.
A White man
- goone.
Snake
thunni.
The Blacks -
Children
- talliwakin.
A Blaokfellow
thukkin.
Head -
- bookia.
A Black woman
kolleria.
Eye -
- meine.
Nose -
mario. -
Ear -
- buUekin.
QUEENBULLA, ASHPORD, AND QUININGUILLAN. 299
No. 180. — QUEENBULLA, ASHFOKD,
Mouth - - yeire.
Teeth - - - teeria.
Hair of the head- bookia.
Beard - - yarri.
Thunder - - toloomatme.
Grass - - - woone.
Tongue - - thathi.
Stomach - - theethia.
Breasts - - moonbi.
Thigh - - beeyo.
Foot - - - winnier.
Bone - - - yembi.
Blood - - - kooninber.
Skin - - - yooti.
Fat - - - kumbia.
Bowels - - neria.
Excrement - - biritlay.
War-spear - - karki.
Reed-spear - - wari.
ThrowLng-stick - pankin.
Shield- - - marombi.
Tomahawk - - bebia.
Canoe - - - walkia.
San - - - tooni.
Moon - - - gethi.
Star - - - meria.
Light - - - tooni.
Dark . - - muther.
Cold - - - yeither.
Heat - - - galthra.
Day - - - thaUau.
Night - - - muther.
Fire - - - myee or wyee.
Water - kooki.
Smoke - - wothi.
Ground - - thakoo.
Wind - - - woUar.
Rain - - - neilther.
God -
Ghosts
AND QuiNiNGuiLLAN — cwiivmied.
Boomerang -
Hill -
Wood- - - thuudler.
Stone - • - thrawe.
Camp - - - woora.
Yes - - - yoi.
No - - - koi.
I - - - ninda.
You - - - numba.
Bark - - - gunnoogulki.
Good - - - munluba.
Bad - - - yooriwia.
Sweet- - - munluba.
Food - - - wekia.
Hungry - - thwring.
Thirsty - - gookoowing.
Bat - - - ginyeadowngi.
Sleep - - - noriwa.
Drink- - - numbulla.
Walk - - - munillia.
See - - - nilli.
Sit - -
Yesterday - - thanlunguUa.
To-day - - thalUan.
To-morrow- - baralballurgi.
Where are the bumbriniuil
Blacks? yonni ?
I don't know
Plenty - - woUigooki.
Big - - - woUi.
Little - - - kuthier.
Dead - - - bartmee.
By-and-by - - barloi.
Come on - - kowi.
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
Wife -
BOOK THE FOURTEENTH.
BOOK THE FOURTEENTH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
The langnage and marriage customs of the Kamilaroi tribes
have been treated of by the late Eevd. William Ridley in his
work entitled Kamilaroi and other Australian Languages,
which volume in turn has formed the principal groundwork
of Messrs. Fison and Howitt's volume Kamilaroi and Kurnai.
As the marriage customs of the Kamilaroi tribes have already
been considered in Chapter 4 of the present work, they are
not referred to in what follows.
Of the Common "Vocabulary eight Kamilaroi translations
have been given, with a view of enabling the reader to judge
of how small are the differences of speech which occur within
the area in which this tongue prevails. It wiU be noticed
that Murri = Blackfellow, and Kamil — No, are found in each
of the eight translations. In these dialects affinities will be
noticed in the equivalents of tongue and eat.
304 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 181.— THE BARWAN, GWYDER, AND NAMOI
EIVERS.
MOREE, NUNDLE, WEB-WAA, BARRABA, BOGABRIE, AND
MEBKE.
THE KAMH^AROI LAJfGUAGE.
By the late Rbvd. William Ridley, M.A., J. Moseley, Esq.,
Pbank Bucknell, Esq.;
The Bench of Magistbates at Mokeb, Nundle, Wee-waa, Babeaba,
and bogabeie.
Kamilaeoi, the name of this language, and of one at least
of the tribes which speak it, is derived from Kamil or Gumil,
the negative adverb of the tongue. In the Kamilaroi country
there still exist the remnants of several independent tribes
which no doubt used to belong to more than one association.
Of one of these tribes which dwell on the Gwyder, Mr. Frank
Bucknell has forwarded me an account, which is to the
following effect.
The name of the tribe says Mr. Bucknell is Kamilroi*
Since he first became acquainted with it, it has greatly
decreased in numbers, owing to the use of ardent spirits, the
result being generally lung disease, which is the prevalent
disorder. Some individuals of the tribe seem to have reached
the age of eighty years. Besides waist-belts, the Kamilroi
wear as clothes rugs made of opossum skins and occasionally
of the skins of young kangaroo. For ornaments they wear
(or used to do, for at the present time, 1874, they have but
few of their native customs left) in their hair on festive
occasions shells and the' yellow crest of the white cockatoo.
To the same end they also smear the person with red ochre,
* Mr. Bucknell speaks of this particular tribe as Kamilroi. Describers
of related tribes generally spell the word Kamilaroi. — E, M. C.
BARWAN, GWYDER, AND NAMOI RIVERS. 305
on which lines of pipe-clay are painted. Before we intro-
duced iron, their implements were the usual tomahawk and
knife made of stone or flint. They still have bags and nets
made of tough grass or of the bark of the currajong-tree,
some of them being prettily and all of them substantially
manufactured, for the savage, as long as he works for himself,
never scamps his work. For weapons they have boomerangs
of both kinds, clubs, spears which are thrown by hand and
not with the wommera, many of these implements being
elaborately carved.
In this tribe the young of both sexes have to submit to
certain restrictions in connection with food; some being
forbidden to eat honey and others the opossum. When Mr.
BuckneU first knew the Kamilroi, in 1853, there were
amongst them two men and one woman slightly pitted with
small-pox. This disease seems to have visited the tribe
about the year 1830, and to have cut off many. Their name
for it is booert. Grown persons in this tribe had a strong
objection to being called by the names of their infancy,
which was sometimes resorted to for the purpose of annoy-
ance. Kidgella, Mungilla, and Werneya are the names of
three of the women.
The subdivision of the Kamilaroi tribes into classes has
already been mentioned in a former chapter, and I learn from
my informant that marriages were entirely regulated by these
classes. Mr. Bucknell also says that each male and female
is (or was) allowed to marry into one of two classes, but that
children always belonged to the class of their mother. Girls
were often betrothed in infancy, and became wives at about
fourteen years of age. Like other tribes, they scar the body
for ornamental purposes, and knock out one of the teeth of
the males at the boora, or secret ceremony by which they are
admitted to the rank of young men. They also wear a bone
through the septum of the nose.
Mr. Bucknell agrees with the late Eevd. William Eidley
in stating that the Kamilaroi tribes believe in the existence
of an Almighty Creator. They also believe in spirits, and
VOL. III. V
306
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE !
are fearfal of going near graves at night. FisMng is carried
on with nets and spears, and hy means of weirs constructed
with boughs and stakes, to the opening of which is affixed a
long bag-net. As a sign of mourning, they plaster the head
with mud.
For colds, the Kamilaroi of the present day use, as a
drink, water in which wild mint has been steeped, and for
an aperient water in which bark of the wild lavender-tree
has been steeped. Whether they used remedies of the sort
before they became acquainted with the Whites seems very
questionable. I do not think our Blacks had any idea of the
use of purgatives. With outward applications they undoubt-
edly had some acquaintance, and Mr. Bucknell notices that
pains of the stomach are treated with an application of
heated eucalyptus leaves. For snake-bite, a ligature is tied
above and below the wound, and the part bled and sucked.
If a bed of small red ants be at hand, the patient takes his
stand on it, and endures the sharp bites of the insects for
about an hour.
No. 181. — Additional Wokds, by the late Revd. W. Ridley.
Son -
- wurume.
Lungs -
kaogi.
Daughter -
- ngumunga.
Liver -
kanna.
Uncle
- pamandi.
Kidneys
mukar, mogur
Nephew
- wurumungadi,
Knee -
dinbir.
Niece -
Man's breasts
Cheek -
Lips -
Chin -
kurugandi.
- ngumungadi.
birri.
- wa, kwati.
- ille, kumai.
- tal.
Leg - - - buiyo, poiyu.
Ankle - - - ngor.
Heel - - - tanga.
Verily - - gir.
Full (after eating) yularai.
Moustache -
- buti.
Wonderful -
ngipai.
Throat
- wuru, dildil.
Term expressive
yamma ?
Neck -
- nun.
of interrogation
Back -
- guria, baoa.
placed at the be-
Arm -
- bungun.
ginning of a sen-
Heart -
■ ki, gi-
tence
BABWAN, GWYDBR, AND NAMOI RIVERS.
307
Additional Words, by the late Revd. W. Ridley — continued.
God verily made man; first man
Adam. God said: "Not it is good
for man alone to dwell ; I for man
woman wUl make." Then God
woman made ; first woman Eve;
Eve wife of Adam.
Adam father of Blaokfellow, father
of Whitef ellow, father of all. Eve,
mother of Blaokfellow, mother of
Whitefellow, mother of all.
Baiame gir giwir giombi; mal
giwir Adam. Baiame goe: " Ka-
mil murruba giwir ngandil ngud-
delago ; ngaiagiwirgo inar gimbille."
Ea Baiame inar giombe; mal inar
Iva; Iva gulir Adamu.
Adam buba murringu, buba won-
dangu, bubakanungo. Ivangumba
murringu, ngumba wondangu,
ngumba kanungo.
Additional Woeds fobwarded by the Bench at Wee-waa.
Aunt - - - booriaili (?).
Cousin - - boardi (?).
Names of women Gibilga, Yan-
goma.
Family names - Cubbi, Combo,
Hippi, Murri.
Uncle - - - carrondi.
Demon - - wonda.
Southern Cross - birubi.
U2
308
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 181.— NAMOI AND BARWAN RIVERS.
By the Revd. William Ridley.
Kangaroo -
bundar.
Opossum
mute.
Tame dog -
buruma.
Wild dog -
murren or yuggi
Emu -
dinoun.
Black duck -
kurrongi.
Wood duck-
ngunumbi.
Pelioan
guleale.
Laughing jackass
kukuraka.
Native companior
buralga.
White cockatoo
biloeta, morai.
Crow -
waru.
Swan ■
barianmul.
Egg -
ko.
Track of a foot -
turabul.
Fish -
guia.
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
mungin.
Fly - - -
burulu.
Snake (black)
nurai.
The Blacks -
murri.
A Blackfellow -
A Black woman -
tnar or yennar.
Nose -
muru.
Hand -
murra.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks
One -
mal.
Two -
bular.
Three -
guleba.
Four
bularbular.
Father
buba.
Mother
ngumba.
Sister-Elder
boadi.
„ Younger
buri.
Brother-Elder
daidi.
,, Younger
■ gullami.
A young man
kubura.
An old man
■ diria (grey).
An old woman
yambuli.
A baby
kaindul.
A White man
wunda.
Children
kai.
Head -
kaoga, gha, ga
Eye -
mil.
Ear -
binna.
NAMOI AND BAEWAN RIVERS.
309
No.
181. — Namoi and Barwan Riveks-
-continued.
Mouth
- yari.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- yira.
Hill -
•
Hair of the head - tegul.
Wood -
- tulu.
Beard -
- yare.
Stone -
- yarul.
Thunder -
- tulumi.
Camp -
- wolai.
Grass -
- gera, yindal,
Yes -
- yo.
goaror.
No - -
- kamil.
Tongue
- tulle.
I
- ngaia.
Stomach
- mubal.
You - -
- inda, nginda.
Breasts
- ngummu.
Bark -
- tura.
Thigh - -
- durra.
Good -
- murruba.
Foot -
- dinna.
Bad -
- kagil, kuggil.
Bone -
- burra.
Sweet -
- murruba.
Blood - -
- gue.
Skin -
- yuli.
Food -
- yul.
Fat -
- ghori.
Hungry
- yulngin.
Bowels
Thirsty
- koUengin.
Excrement -
_
Eat - -
- tali.
War-spear -
- pilar.
Sleep -
- babi.
Reed-spear -
-
Drink -
- ngarugi.
Wommera or
Walk - -
- yani.
throwing-stick
See -
- ngummi.
Shield -
- burin.
Sit - -
- nguddela.
Tomahawk -
- yundu.
Yesterday -
- gimiandi,
Canoe -
- kumbilgal.
ngaribu.
Sun -
Moon -
- yarai.
- gille.
To-day
- yeradtha, ilaunu
Star -
- mirri.
To-morrow -
- nguruko.
Light -
-
Where are
the tuUa murri
Dark -
.
Blacks ?
nguddela ?
Cold -
- karil.
I don't know
- kamil ngaia
Heat -
.
winungi.
Day -
- yeradtha.
Plenty
- burrula.
Night -
- nguru.
Big -
- burul.
Fire -
- wi.
Little -
- kai.
Water
- kolle, woUun.
Dead -
- balun.
Smoke
- du, dhu.
By-and-by -
- yerala.
Ground
- taon.
Come on
- yanilla.
Wind-
- maier.
MUk -
-
Rain -
- yuro.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
- baiame.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
310
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 181.-NAM0I, BARWAN, MEEHE.
By J. MosELBY, Esq., of Wee-waa.
Kangaroo -
boonda.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
moothe.
2 Blacks -
■ boola murrie.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck -
Pelican
booroomine.
theenoon, maree.
kooraugee.
goonambee.
goola, allee.
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
Four -
- koolabar murrie,
- mahl.
■ boola.
- koolabar.
boola-boola.
Laughing jackass kookooburra,
Father
boobar.
kurra-wurra.
Mother
womba, numba.
Native companion booralga.
Sister-Elder
booradie.
White cockatoo
eenboona.
,, Younger
bugandie.
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - -
Track of a foot ■
waroo.
booroondal.
kow.
deena.
Brother-Elder ■ koolarmee.
,, Younger
A young man - oolkald, biree.
Fish -
goo-ya.
An old man
■ teeya, dirarl-
Lobster
kary.
dool.
Crayfish
kary.
An old woman
- oomballee.
Mosquito -
moogin.
A baby
- kee-.e-i, kindool.
Fly - - ■
Snake (brown)
The Blacks -
boorooloo.
noorai.
murrie.
A White man
Children
- wonda.
- booroola,wee-e-i
A Blackfellow -
mahl murrie.
Head -
gar, kar.
A Black woman -
eena, iuna.
Eye -
- mil.
Nose -
mooroo.
Ear -
binna.
NAMOI, BARWAN, MEEHE.
311
No
181. — Namoi, Barwan, Mebhb — continued.
Mouth
■ ungee.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- eera.
HiU -
.
Hair of the head
- yarraga.
Wood-
- thooloo.
Beard -
- yarre.
Stone -
- yarrel.
Thtmder -
- thooloomo.
Grass -
Camp -
- woUi, ngoora.
Tongue
- talla.
Yes -
- yeo.
Stomach
- moorbaal.
No -
- kommel.
Breasts
- thnamoo.
I - -
- ngeia.
Thigh
- boo-i-oo.
You -
- eenda.
Foot -
- deena.
Bark -
- toora.
Bone -
- boora.
Good -
' murooba.
Blood -
- gooai.
Bad -
- bane.
Skin -
- ula.
Pat -
- wommo.
Sweet -
- kupper.
Bowels
- moobaal, kgol-
Food -
- tooa.
leen.
Hungry
- yoonquil.
Excrement -
- goonna.
Thirsty
- wolleenquil.
War-spear -
- beelar.
Eat -
- tarlee.
Reed-spear -
- waree.
Sleep -
- barbee.
Wommera or
wommora.
Drink -
- ngafooki.
throwing-stick
Walk -
- yanna.
Shield
Tomahawk -
- mungan.
■ yoondo.
See - -
- ngoomilli.
Canoe -
- wyardka.
Sit -
- ngareel.
Sun -
- yeearai.
Yesterday -
- ngarra, kagool
Moon -
- gillee.
To-day
- marl.
Star -
- mirrie.
To-morrow -
- mooroogko.
Light -
- narran.
Where are
the allar murri ?
Dark -
- nooroo.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- waheel.
I don't know
- kommillar.
Heat -
- boolarte,taweela.
Plenty
- booroola.
Day -
- boUa.
Big - -
- boorool.
Night -
- ngooroo.
Little -
- kiudool.
Fire -
- wee.
Dead -
- bolloo.
Water
- wollee.
Smoke
- too.
By-and-by -
- eerarloo.
Ground
- towon.
Come on
- tianowa.
Wind-
- mathe.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- kollee.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
312
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 181.— GWYDER RIVER.
By Frank Bucknell, Esq.
Kangaroo -
bund ah.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
mootta.
2 Blacks -
- boolar murry.
Tame dog -
boorooma.
3 Blacks ■
- cooleebar murry
Wild dog - -
murrain.
One -
- marl.
Emu "
dinown.
Two -
- boolar.
Black duck
curringa.
Three -
- coolebar.
Wood duck
guuumba.
Four -
- moolamboo and
Pelican
coola-arlee.
boolar boolar.
Laughing jackass
coocoocarcar.
Father
- pian-dool, boyd
Native companior
I boralgar.
jurt, poopar.
White cockatoo -
mowri.
Mother
- ngumbar.
Crow -
warrow or mine-
Sister-Elder
- powarthey.
gar.
„ Younger
- prainarthey.
Swan - - -
parrear mel.
Brother-Elder
- tyarthey.
Egg - - -
CO.
,, Younger coUyningarthey
Track of a foot -
dinner.
A young man
- cobbora and
Fish -
Lobster
guir.
An old man
ongarl.
- waim-mar.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - - ••
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow -
geary.
noongin.
boorooloo.
nourri.
murry.
murry.
An old woman
A baby
A White man
Children -
Head -
- yamboolee.
- kirrakar.
- wonda.
- ki-kul-ka.
- ko-kar.
A Black woman -
innurt.
Eye ■
- mill.
Nose - - -
mooroo.
Ear .
- binnar.
GWYDER RIVER.
313
No. 181. — GwTDEK River — contmued.
Mouth
ngeh.
Boomerang
bur-rum.
Teeth
yeara.
Hill -
cub-ba.
Hair of the head
cu.
Wood
dooloo.
Beard
yerra.
Stone -
yarral.
Thunder -
dooloomra.
Camp -
walli.
Grass
kean.
Yes -
ah-yoo.
Tongue
tuUey.
No -
commil.
Stomach -
moobul.
I
niah.
Breasts
ngummoo.
You -
indur.
Thigh
Foot -
turrar.
■ dinner.
Bark -
Good -
■ nundar.
cubber.
Bone ■
- boorar.
Bad -
- wun-ghu.
Blood -
- guoy.
Sweet
■ warril-it.
Skin -
- enlie.
Food -
- youl.
Fat -
- wommo.
Hungry
youn-ning.
Bowels
- goolo-lar.
Thirsty
- coUinguin.
Excrement -
- goonar.
Eating
■ talden.
War-spear -
- belar.
Sleeping -
- boonna cowin ya
Reed-spear
- (have none).
Drinking
- ngarroo giller.
Wommera or
moorooler.
Walking
- yan-nay-bur.
throwing-stick
Seeing
- omilder.
Shield
- booreen.
Sitting
- whurrillar.
Tomahawk
- yuandoo.
Yesterday -
- gimmeanyo.
Canoe
-
To-day
- nore yarrijur.
Sun -
- yarri.
To-morrow-
- noo, ro-go.
Moon -
- gilla.
Where are the
tul-lar -murry ?
Star -
- mirree.
Blacks ?
T.ight -
- yirree.
I don't know
- tullar mar.
Dark -
- nooroo.
Plenty
- boorool wealar.
Cold -
- kurreel.
Big -
- booral.
Heat -
- boolate.
Little
- kianjole.
Day -
- yarrigee.
Dead -
- boUonney.
Night
- nooroo.
By-and-by -
- yerralon.
Fire -
Water
Smoke
- wee.
- coUey.
- dhoo.
Come on -
Milk -
Eaglehawk
- tyannuga.
- ngummel.
- muUion.
Ground
Wind
Rain -
- maite.
- coUey par in ya.
Wild turkey
- burrowar (plain
turkey),
wirraller (scrub
God -
- biamma.
turkey).
Ghosts
- ghineet-bee.
Wife -
- goolear.
314
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 181.~M0REE.
By Bench of Maqistkates.
Kangaroo -
- bundar.
Hand -
- mora.
Opossum -
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
- mooty.
- boolomo
- thinnoo.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
- boolar murri.
- kooliba murri
- mal.
Black duck
- kurrongey.
Two -
- boolar.
Wood duck
- goomby.
Three -
- kooliba.
Pelican
- koolyalle.
Four -
-
Laughing jackass kookoborro.
Native companion booralga.
White cockatoo - moori.
Crow - - -. meauga.
Swan - . - koolamballee.
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
,, Younger
- boobady.
- umbady.
- boady.
Egg - -
- kow.
Brother-Elder
- theady.
Track of a foot
- theena.
,, Young
it
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - .
Snake -
- gooea.
- keery.
- moongin.
- poodeloo.
- thi.
A young man
An old man
An old woman
A baby
A White man
■ kure.
- theera.
- theera.
- kiangle.
- wonda.
The Blacks-
- boolamurri.
Children -
-
A Blackfellow
- murri.
Head -
- yagh.
A Black woman
- eenar.
Eye -
- mil.
Nose -
- moora.
Ear -
■ bena.
MOREE.
315
No. 181.— Mon^ti— continued.
Mouth- - ■
- nigh.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- eeara.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- kowga.
Wood -
- thooloo.
Beard ■
- yarry.
Stone -
- yerrul.
Thunder -
- toolomi.
Camp -
- walli.
Grass -
- yrar.
Yea -
- yoe.
Tongue
thily.
No -
- komil.
Stomach
Breasts
- kea.
I
You -
• ngia.
Thigh -
Foot -
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
Fat -
- buyo.
- thinna.
- boora.
- guoy.
- uly.
- wammoo.
Bark -
Good -
Bad -
Sweet -
Food -
- tooro.
- koba.
- kogU.
Bowels
Hungry
- ungil.
Excrement -
- goona.
Thirsty
- galligin.
War-spear -
- peelar.
Eat -
- tally.
Eeed-spear -
Sleep -
- babee.
Woimnera or
tholowaly.
Drink -
- norriguy.
throwing-stiok
Shield -
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
Sun -
- yoondo.
- eri.
Walk -
See -
Sit " -
Yesterday -
- yenni.
- omi.
- norree.
Moon -
- killi.
To-day
- ilia.
Star -
- meeree.
To-morrow -
- morrogo.
Light -
Where are the
thalla murri ?
Dark ■
- muro.
Blacks?
Cold -
- koreal.
I don't know
- komil wingan
Heat -
- boolet.
ella.
Day -
Plenty
boodela.
Night -
- muroo.
Big - -
- burr.
Fire -
- wee.
Little -
kirri-murra.
Water -
kally.
Dead -
balomey.
Smoke
■ thoo.
By-and-by -
eeralu.
Ground
thoun.
Come on
tianiuga.
Wind -
meed.
Milk -
Eain ■
koUee bally.
Eaglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife -
316
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 181.— NUNDLE.
By Bench op Magistrates, Nundlb.
Kangaroo -
bundar.
Hand -
- ma.
Opossum -
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu
gooee.
myi, mirri,
wanti.
mooree.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
- bla murri.
- kooliba murri
marl.
- bla.
Black duck -
koorangee.
Three -
- kooliba.
Wood duck-
Four -
_
PeUcan
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow -
kookooburra.
bralga.
geeray.
waro.
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
„ Younger
- gunnyja.
- bugandi.
Swan ■ - -
Brother-Elder
.
Egg - - -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
thiuna.
gooya.
„ Younger
A young man
An old man
Crayfish
An old woman
-
Mosquito -
Fly .
Snake -
The Blacks -
burrillo.
nebe.
murri.
A baby
A White man
Children
- guy-
- wunda.
A Blackfellow -
murri.
Head -
- gunga.
A Black woman -
goolear.
Eye -
- meel.
Nose .. - -
mooroo.
Ear -
- binna.
NUNDLB.
No 181.— NUNDLE— COMiiMJiCci.
Mouth
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
Hill -
,
Hair of the head
ga.
Wood -
.
Beard -
Thunder -
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
yarri.
toolooma.
moobul.
Stone -
Camp -
Yes -
No -
- guUa.
- geyro.
- kammil.
Breasts
I
- ny-ya.
Thigh -
Foot -
- buyo.
- thinna.
You -
Bark -
- inda.
Bone -
Good -
- mundaba.
Blood -
Bad -
-
Skin -
Sweet -
-
Fat -
Food -
_
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
- moobul.
- goonna,
- tooloo.
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat ■
-
Reed-spear -
Wommera or
throwing-stick
Shield -
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk-
- barbee.
Tomahawk -
- yundoo.
See -
- ngamilu.
Canoe -
Sit -
-
Sun -
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- geelee.
To-day
-
Star -
To-morrow -
-
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire -
kreel.
wee.
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
Plenty
Big - -
Little -
thela murri ?
- murrowel.
- ki-indual.
Water
kalley.
Dead -
Smoke
By-and-by -
Ground
down.
Come on] -
Wind -
Milk -
Eain -
woUa.
Baglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife -
317
318
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 181.— NAMOI.
By Bench or MAaisTEATES at Wee-waa.
If the reader will look at the translation of no in this vocabulary and
also at that of / donH hnow, he will find the first of these terms made into
a verb.
Kangaroo -
boondar.
Opossum
moota.
Tame dog -
boorooma.
Wild dog -
Emu -
dinoon.
Black duck -
kurange.
Wood duck
goonambe.
Pelican
goolalli.
Laughing jackass
kurrali, warra.
Native companion boralga.
White cockatoo -
emboona.
Crow -
wori.
Swan -
booroonda.
Egg - -
kow.
Track of a foot -
diuna.
Fish -
kooya.
Lobster
karee.
Crayfish -
karee.
Mosquito -
■ nomqui.
Fly -
boorooloo.
Snake -
noora.
The Blacks -
murri.
A Blackfellow -
A Black woman -
einna.
Nose -
mooroo.
Hand - - -
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
Four - - -
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
„ Younger -
Brother-Elder -
„ Younger
A young man
An old man
An old woman -
A baby
A White man
Children
Head - - -
Eye -
Ear -
murra,
boola murri.
koolaba murri.
marl.
boola.
koolaba.
boola boola.
booba.
nunba.
warubill.
booardi.
booral.
koolermi,
oolkald.
terriga.
nunbooli.
kei.
wonda.
boorookie.
kur, gar.
mil.
binna.
NAMOI.
319
No. 181.— Namoi— continued.
Mouth
- ngni.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- eera.
Hill - -
-
Hair of the head- kar.
Wood -
- tooloo.
Beard -
- yarra.
Stone -
- yarral.
Thunder -
- thorooli.
Camp -
- wolli.
Grass -
-
Yes -
- yeo.
Tongue
- talla.
No -
- thomilorkommil
Stomach
- moobal.
I
- ngera.
Breasts
- namoo.
You -
- einda.
Thigh
- booro.
Bark -
- torral.
Foot -
- dinna.
Good -
- moorooba.
Bone -
- boora.
Bad -
- kokil.
Blood -
Skin -
- gooaye.
- ula.
Sweet -
Fat -
- wommo.
Food -
-
Bowels
- koUeen-koUeen.
Hungry
- yeonal.
Excrement -
- gunna.
Thirsty
- boola.
War-spear -
- bela.
Eat - -
- tallee.
Eeed-spear
- warree.
Sleep -
- barbee.
Wommera or
moondoola.
Drink -
- narroke.
throwing-stick
Shield
- brun.
Walk -
- yanna.
Tomahawk -
- woondoo.
See -
- nurinee.
Canoe -
- wyardka.
Sit -
- naraila.
Sun -
- earreye.
Yesterday -
- narrakogul.
Moon -
- gillee.
To-day
-
Star -
- merree.
To-morrow -
- moorooko.
Light -
- torree.
Where are
the talla murri?
Dark -
- mooroo, bela.
Blacks?
Cold -
- kureel.
I don't know
- kommillar.
Heat -
- poolati.
Plenty
- booroola.
Day -
Big -
- boorol.
Night -
- ngooroo.
Little -
- kindoo.
Fire
- wee.
Dead -
- boUo.
Water
- koUee.
Smoke
- too.
By-and-by -
- eerarboo.
Ground
- town.
Come on
- tianowa.
Wind-
- maybe.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- kollee.
Eaglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- goowaa.
Wife -
-
320
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 181.— BARRABA.
Bt Bench or Magistrates at Bakeaba.
Kangaroo -
bundar.
Ha,iid -
- murra.
Opossum
kooi, mooti.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
boorooma.
3 Blacks -
-
Wild dog -
One -
- marl.
Emu -
dirrawan.
Two -
- boola.
Black duck -
kurrungi.
Three -
- kooleba.
Wood duck -
Pelican
goonumbi.
eoolamboolin.
Four -
- boolar-boolar.
Laughing jackass ghoor-gha-gha.
Father
- booba, poopa.
Native companion booralga.
Mother
- ngumba, ham-
White cockatoo
- mori.
ooth.
Crow -
waro.
Sister-Elder
- bowadi.
Swan -
boorh-boorh.
„ Younger
-
Egg - -
Track of a foot
kow.
Brother-Elder
- tiade, tyar.
wario.
„ Younger kuUaminga, kul
Pish -
gooyah.
lami.
Lobster
(none here).
A young man
- beri.
Crayfish
keerie.
An old man
- derradool.
Mosquito -
moongin.
An old woman
-
Ply . .
- boorooloo.
A baby
- kenegal.
Snake -
neebi, neeri.
A White man
- wanda.
The Blacks ■
- murri.
Children
- ghi, kenegaldool
A Blackfellow
- kew-ihr.
Head -
- gha.
A Black woman
- yinnar.
Eye -
- mil.
Nose -
- mooroo.
Ear ■
- binna.
BARRABA.
•6Zi
No. 181. — Bakeaba — continued.
Mouth
- ngni.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- yeera.
Hill - -
-
Hair of the head
- kowgha.
Wood
- tooloo.
Beard
- yari.
Stone -
- yarrul.
Thunder -
Grass -
- tooloomi.
- goora.
Camp -
- walli, tuharma.
Tongue
- thalli.
Yes -
- kert.
Stomach
- moohal.
No - -
- kummil or gum-
Breasts
- ngamoor.
mil.
Thigh -
- purru.
I - -
- ngunna.
Foot -
- dinna.
You -
- inda.
Bone -
- boora.
Bark -
- booroor.
Blood -
- gooi.
Good - -
- murraba.
Skin -
- bowarh.
Bad -
- kuggil.
Fat -
- wammo.
Sweet ■
- warrool.
Bowels
- goon.
Food -
- yula.
Excrement -
- goona.
Hungry
- yulegin.
War-spear -
- belar.
Thirsty
- koUingin.
Reed-spear -
-
Eat -
- theldiau.
Wommera or
boondi, moorolu.
Sleep -
- ngooraroo.
throwing-stick
Drink -
- ngarroogi.
Shield
- burran.
Walk -
- yumbul, tarrowi.
Tomahawk -
- yandoo.
See -
- ngummile.
Canoe -
_
Sit - -
- ngari.
Sun -
- yarri.
Yesterday -
- gimmandi.
Moon -
- gilli.
To-day
- yelatho.
Star -
- meri.
To-morrow -
- noorookou.
Light -
- ngurrun.
Where are 1
jhe menari murri ?
Dark -
- boolooi, ngooroo.
Blacks?
Cold -
- karil.
I don't know
- kummil nghi
Heat -
- ingil.
wirrangillan.
Day -
- ngurrun.
Plenty
- woorook, booroo-
Night
- ngurroo.
looba.
Fire -
- wi, kooyung.
Big - -
- boorool.
Water
- koUi, wallan.
Little -
- kindool.
Smoke
- thoo.
Dead -
- mooran, ballingi-
Ground
- town.
By-and-by -
- yeral.
Wind-
- myar.
Come on
- kiarbar.
Eain -
- yooroo, wallan.
Milk - ■■
-
God - -
- bhiami.
Eaglehawk -
-
Ghosts
- wanda, ghirrum-
Wild turkey
-
beUa.
Wife -
-
VOIi. III.
1
c
322
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 181.— BOGABRIE.
By Bench op Maghsteates at Bogabbie.
Kangaroo -
boondar.
Opossum
mutty.
Tame dog -
boorama.
Wild dog -
Emu -
tinoun.
Black duok
turugal.
Wood duck
koonambi.
Pelican
nurumbin.
Laughing jackass
kooyagigo.
Native companior
I booralga.
White cockatoo
mori.
Crow -
meanga.
Swan -
booromba.
Egg -
■ pooremal.
Track of a foot
- dinna.
Pish -
- gooya.
Lobster
- koorey.
Criyfish -
Mosquito -
- munging.
Ply . .
- onegal.
Snake -
- nurri.
The Blacks -
- murri.
A Blackfellow
-
A Black woman
- enatt.
Nose -
- muru.
Hand -
- murra.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
- mal.
Two -
- poolara.
Three -
- koolipa.
Four -
- poolera poolera
Father
- poopadde.
Mother
- umpadde.
Sister-Elder
- powadde.
„ Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- thual.
Younger
A young man
- koopera.
An old man
■ munber.
An old woman
- yambuUe.
A baby
- koy.
A White man
- wanda
Children -
- kially.
Head -
- koka.
Eye -
- mill.
Ear -
- binna.
BOGABRIE.
No. 181. — BoGABRiE— continued.
Mouth
- nigh.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- eela.
HiU -
-
Hair of the head
- koka.
Wood -
- thuUu.
Beard -
- yarrie.
Stone -
- yattle.
Thunder -
- thooroone.
Camp -
- walle.
Grass -
- gerrett.
Yes -
- kurough.
Tongue
- thuUe.
No -
- kummil.
Stomach
- mobil.
I
- nunna.
Breasts
- berry.
You -
- indu.
Thigh -
Bark -
- dunna.
Foot -
- thanna.
Good ■
- miappaU.
Bone -
- bora.
Bad -
- kogil.
Blood -
Skin -
- gooiti.
- yuli.
Sweet -
- miappali.
Fat -
Food -
- thu.
- wamma.
Bowels
- goonna.
Hungry
- ungim.
Excrement -
- kouna.
Thirsty
- kallegan.
War-spear -
- billar.
Eat -
- thalle.
Reed-spear ■
-
Sleep -
- babi.
Wommera or
gut-thro.
Drink -
- nurrupee.
throwing-stick
Walk -
- yanni.
Shield -
- boorin.
See -
- namili.
Tomahawk -
- yondo.
Sit -
- naree.
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
- yarrai.
- kille.
Yesterday -
To-day
- murrago.
Star -
- mirri.
To-morrow -
Light -
- yarrai.
Where are the
talla murri ?
Dark -
- ngooroo.
Blacks ?
Cold -
I don't know
- kommil.
Heat -
Plenty
- pootoola.
Day -
wooraroo.
Big -
-
Night -
noora.
Little -
Fire -
wee.
Dead -
- ballunke.
Water
kalle.
Smoke
thoo.
By-and-by -
- yeerelda.
Ground
thone.
Come on
- thuganna.
Wind -
mait.
Milk - -
-
Rain -
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
wantapal.
Wife - -
.
323
X 2
BOOK THE FIFTEENTH.
BOOK THE FIFTEENTH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
In the Culgoa Yocabulary, which, occurs in this book, Meyne
will he noticed as the equivalent of Blackfellow, and
Mai-i-in in the Wailwun language; and turning hack the
reader will find Meanna on the Cape Eiver, some 600 miles
to the north, and Mean on the Belyando and Dawson in the
same sense.
In this book will be found a long and interesting
vocabulary, which was drawn up more than thirty years
ago, and forwarded to me by Mr. John Branch. In our
young Australia, amidst the marvellous changes which are
always taking place, one looks on a manuscript of thirty
years with a feeling akin to that with which one regards
a European document of half-a-dozen centuries.
In the Hawkesbury Eiver and Brewarrina languages it
wiU be observed that yesterday and to-morrow are expressed
by the same term, a not uncommon feature in our
languages.
328
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 182.— THE CULGOA RIVER.
By J. W. FooTT, Esq.
Kangaroo -
koola.
Opossum -
kooki.
Tame dog -
goondahl.
Wild dog -
Emu -
woorin.
Black duck -
Wood duck
hurga.
Pelican
yoolira.
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow -
waukin.
Swan -
Egg - - -
kuppin.
Track of a foot -
tinna.
Fish -
kooya.
Lobster
Crayfish
mamaroo
Mosquito -
bothine.
Fly - -
mookine.
Snake -
kalin.
The Blacks -
A Blackf ellow -
meyne.
A Black woman
mookin.
Nose -
wooroo.
Hand -
■ myra.
2 Blacks -
kubbo meyne.
3 Blacks -
■ booragoolam
meyne.
One -
- yahumun.
Two -
kubbo.
Three -
booragoolam.
Four -
kubbo-kubbo.
Father
■ buthine.
Mother
kya.
Sister-Elder
- bubba.
,, Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- moen.
„ Youngei
A young man
- yarragoonya.
An old man
- watoon.
An old woman
- mookin.
A baby
- koothara.
A White man
- goen.
Children -
-
Head -
- bambo.
Eye -
- mael.
Ear -
- binua.
THE CULGOA RIVER.
329
No. 182. — The Culgoa Rivbb — contimied.
Mouth
- tha.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- thirra.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- muUine.
Wood -
- wahn.
Beard -
- yerine.
Stone -
-
Thunder -
- woolnoolno.
Camp -
- noora.
Grass -
- yowy.
Yes - -
- kyla.
Tongue
- tulline.
No - -
- wulla.
Stomach
- toogoo.
I - -
- nathu.
Breasts
- uumma.
You -
- yindoo.
Thigh -
- thurra.
Bark -
- toomgoon.
Foot -
- tinna.
Good -
- murringuU.
Bone -
- minga.
Bad ■
- yooral.
Blood -
- gooine.
Sweet -
-
Skin -
Food -
.
Fat -
- tundy.
Hungry
- kundool.
Bowels
Thirsty
-
Excrement -
-
Eat -
- thakoo.
War-spear -
- millayra.
Sleep -
- woonadra.
Reed-spear -
- not used.
Drink -
Thro wing-stick
Shield
- not used.
- boorgoo.
Walk -
- yendra.
Tomahawk -
- thowin.
See -
- nengera.
Canoe
- toongoon.
Sit - -
- nee endera.
Sun -
- theory.
Yesterday -
- kunyagoonda.
Moon -
- keean.
To-day
- kunya.
Star -
- mirrin.
To-morrow -
- kunyabuttla.
Light -
- beea.
Where are the
theaminda
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
meyne?
Cold - -
- munda.
I don't know
- wulla nahree.
Heat -
- wirm.
Plenty
- thoo.
Day -
-
Big -
- thara.
Night -
-
Little -
- kidya.
Fire -
- wee.
Water
- nappa.
Dead - -
- booga.
Smoke
- thoo-ga.
By-and-by -
- burray.
Ground
-
Come on
- thinala.
Wind -
- yerga.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- boordoo.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
330
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 183.— BREW ARRINA AND BARWAN RIVER— THE WAILWUN
LANGUAGE.
By the Bench of Magisteates at Bkbwabbina.
It will be noticed that yesterday and to-morrow are expressed by the
same word. In the vocabulary of the Bogabrie language, No. 181, we had
murri = the Blacks; in thia language we have murrui = kangaroo.
Kangaroo -
- murrui.
Opossum
- kooragi.
Tame dog -
- mirri.
Wild dog -
-
Emu -
- ngoori.
Black duck -
- buthumba.
Wood duck -
- koonambi.
Pelican
- wirriga.
Laughing jackass koogaburra
Native companion boralga.
White cockatoo
- murrai.
Crow -
- wargun.
Swan -
- burrima.
Egg -
- kabbo.
Track of a foot
- thinna.
Pish -
-
Lobster
- winga.
Crayfish
- thumal.
Mosquito -
- kommogin.
Fly -
- boomal.
Snake
- dhurgh.
The Blacks -
- dhoon.
A Blackfellow
- mai-i.
A Black woman
- yennega.
Nose -
-'mooroo.
Hand -
- murra.
2 Blacks -
-
3 Blacks -
-
One -
- mago.
Two -
- boollaga.
Three -
- gulliba.
Four -
- booUaga-bool-
laga.
Father
- buba or baba.
Mother
- goonnee.
Sister-Elder
- kadi.
,, Younger
- gidurai.
Brother-Elder
- kukka.
„ Young
er kallumee.
A young man
- yamba.
An old man
- dhurrayungul
An old woman
- mogeemar.
A baby
- girrra.
A White man
- wunda.
Children
- warroogar.
Head -
- kuboga.
Eye - -
- mil.
Ear -
- gurrengara.
BREWARRINA AND BARWAN RIVER.
331
No. 183. — Brewakrina and Barwan Rivek — The Wailwun Languag
contimied.
Mouth
- ngundal.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- wirra.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- walla.
Wood -
- mutau.
Beard -
- geer.
Stone -
- garoon.
Thunder -
- baukee.
Camp -
- ngura.
Grass -
- gurun.
Yes -
- minag.
Tongue
- duUang.
No -
- wail.
Stomach
- burru.
I
- ngaau.
Breasts
- nammo OT ngum-
You -
- indoo.
Thigh -
moo.
- darra.
Bark -
- ridgi.
Foot -
- thinna.
Good -
- yadda.
Bone -
- uimba.
Bad -
- wurri.
Blood -
- goa.
Sweet -
- yadda.
Skin -
- ubay.
Food -
- widga.
Fat- -
- guthal.
Hungry
- yarragin.
Bowels
- biboo.
Thirsty
- wagunda.
Excrement -
gunna.
Eat
- duUa.
War-spear -
- biUar.
Sleep -
.
Reed-spear -
- warru.
Drink
- narungari.
Throwing-stick
Shield-
- guUoya, muthau.
- murga.
Walk -
- unagri.
Tomahawk ■
- wagar.
See
- nagari.
Canoe -
- mungar.
Sit
- wigirru.
Sun -
- thunni.
Yesterday -
- kombara.
Moon -
- geewa.
To-day
Star -
- girila.
To-morrow -
- kombara.
Light -
- yowir.
Where are the
wan doonama
Dark -
- boolool.
Blacks?
Cold -
I don't know
-
Heat -
- thunni-wallil.
Plenty
- wallu-wall.
Day -
- errier.
Big - -
.
Night -
boolool.
Little -
- boothug.
Fire -
wi.
Dead -
- goomugi.
Water
kullee.
Smoke
boothoo.
By-and-by -
- wonduga.
Ground
doogan.
Come on
- kowi.
Wind -
mur.
Milk -
-
Rain -
gunda.
Eaglehawk -
- mullion.
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
- nguan.
332
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 184.— THE CLARENCE RIVER.
Forwarded by Alexander Bruce, Esq.
The sound of ch is common in this vocabulary.
Kangaroo -
maani.
Hand -
-
Opossum
Tame dog -
gwiain,
wanki.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
- boolaboo negarr
- boolaboo chararr
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck-
Pelican
ngakkum.
ngoroin.
maar.
gilowal.
yukar.
One -
Two ■
Three -
Four -
negarr.
- charrar.
- boolaboo.
- boolaboQ-chararr
negarr.
- boolaboo boola-
Laughing jackass
kakoon.
boo.
Native companion bowlkum.
Father
- chamakooin,
White cockatoo -
kaar.
nilkooin.
Crow -
wakaan.
Mother
- warrong.
Swan -
ginnepi.
Sister-Elder
- worojar.
Egg -
kaaboin.
„ Younger
- nan.
Track of a foot
Brother-Elder
- bonnaang.
Fish -
woolooywen.
,, Younger
Lobster
A young man
- marookan.
Crayfish
boorkoom.
An old man
- maapaang.
Mosquito
dumilowan.
An old woman
- meeroong.
Fly -
joonbon.
A baby
- chaapaan.
Snake -
A White man
- yirrelU.
The Blacks -
- negarr.
Children
- chaajamgin.
A Blackf ellow
- bykool, yeagarr.
Head
- baukine.
A Black woman
- meroong.
Eye -
- djeeon.
Nose -
- mow.
Ear -
- binnang.
THE CLARENCE RIVER.
333
No. 184. — The Clarence 'RivETtr— continued.
Mouth
- jeeang.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- dirrang.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head - kow.
Wood -
- challee.
Beaid -
- yarrain.
Stone -
- charoo.
Thunder -
- mookari.
Camp -
- ngoia.
Grass -
- wopang.
Yes -
- ya-oo-i.
Tongue
- joonkoong.
No -
- yookom.
Stomach
- mooudoo.
I
- ngi.
Breasts
- mirran.
You -
- boobla.
Thigh
-
Bark -
- yakoo.
Foot -
- djinnang.
Good -
- bowkal.
Bone -
- dtarigan.
Bad -
- tohang.
Blood -
- goomar.
Sweet -
- darooi.
Skin -
-
Food -
- yai-i-go.
Fat -
- kombang.
Hungry
- moolaroo.
Bowels
- choolpa.
Thirsty
- yaloinkin.
Excrement -
- goonang.
Eat -
- yiyiego,
War-spear ■
- juan.
Sleep -
- unala.
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick
Shield
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
- kommi,
- bukka.
- wakkan.
- bakool, woUoo.
- yalkan.
- kibboom.
Drink -
Walk-
See -
Sit -
Yesterday -
To-day
- ngabago.
- yangalala,
- nala.
- yeangala.
- ngobo.
- baiyain.
Star -
- willeriankin.
To-morrow -
- chaloo.
Light -
- mikan.
Where are
the yillabykoU?
Dark -
- ngakkoori.
Blacks?
Cold -
- warring.
I don't know
- yookom ngi
Heat -
- witohumeri.
kaurigala.
Day -
- yarraki.
Plenty
-
Night -
- ngakquon.
Big - -
- djirri.
Fire -
- wyber, wakki.
Little -
- birrang.
Water
- koong.
Dead -
- balaan.
Smoke
- ngarraquoin.
By-and-by -
- youe.
Ground
- ngiol.
Come on -
- yaaki.
Wind-
- booriyooein.
Milk - -
-
Rain -
- bookooi.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
.
334
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
No. 185.— THE LOWEE MAOLEAY EIVEE.
By Charles Spencek, Esq.
The following specimen of the language of the lower part of
the Macleay (some of the words of which resemble those in
use on the Macquarie and Manning Eivers) was forwarded to
me by Mr. Charles Spencer through the Bench of Magistrates
at the Macleay. Class-marriage exists in this locality. The
following are names of persons : — Males : Koonal, Bilpil,
Tirriwil, Karra-karra, Korunni, Wobbra, Dalower = rain-
bow, Meedure = wall-eyed, Teggi-mookoo = deaf, and DUl-
murree = eyebrows. Females: Meetur, Weenan, Kalla,
Ekoro, Barrab, Yellang-bangi, and Gearni.
Names of
A Family.
Wobbra
- the husband.
WiUenni -
- female child
Oomboogiwenni
- the wife.
Meiiniarki -
- female child.
Moongrenni
- male child.
Anothbb
Family.
Korrunni -
- the husband.
Merrowi
- girl.
Toroogoro -
- the wife.
Yemb-arrin
- girl.
Karra-karra
- boy.
No. 185.— ADD)
TioNAL Words.
Whale
- kallone.
Mackerel -
- yalioori.
Shark
- wirrewy.
Flathead -
- ugai.
Schnapper -
- geangeree.
Blackfish -
- warrakang.
Barracoota -
- kyena.
Mullet (salt-
mandara.
Perch
- maton.
water)
Eel -
t korrikkan.
Mullet (fresh-
kowang.
Sting-ray -
- billon.
water)
Crab -
- karra.
Porpoise
- badaroo.
Shrimp
- dokkin.
Cockle
- alii.
Whiting -
- dooroowin.
Bream
- kooeri.
THE LOWER MACLEAY RIVER.
335
fio. 185. — Additions
li WoKDS — contimied.
Jewfish
- allooin.
Toes -
ukoro.
Fish-spear -
- kallkarro, kum-
Knee -
pingaroo, goo-
mi-mootikin.
ton.
Uncle -
- kandoo.
Thigh (outside)
dirray.
Aunt -
- koondi.
„ (inside)
biUa.
Cousin
- kan.
Ham -
- doogay.
All small birds
- teebin.
Brains
murroo.
Teal -
- pikoro-pikoro.
Elbow
kooroong.
Pigeon (bronze
- barboo.
Ankle
kol, welbi-welbi.
winged)
Calf of the leg
ooloo.
Green pigeon
- moorooa.
Eyebrows -
dilmurree.
Wonga-wonga
kammoori.
Tail of bird
- doon.
pigeon
Evening
- beemai.
Flock pigeon
- buttowong.
Boat -
- olpino.
RedbiU -
- wilbong.
Vessel
- marendoi.
Brush turkey
- ooroowin.
Mast -
- wingi-wingi.
Lyrebird -
- narran.
Blind -
- meemookoo.
Red -
- gerree-gerree.
Deaf -
teggimookoo.
Black -
- koorool-koorool.
Tobacco-pipe
- bubbolo.
White
- burrapine.
This -
- ditti.
Iguana
- meri.
TJiat -
windi.
Native oat -
- dooleum.
Young woman
- golbon.
Horse -
- karr.
Male orphan
- nappine.
Flying fox -
- ballowri.
Female orphan
- bolbi.
Native bear
- yarri.
Hunchback
- pikilka, pikiloo-
Prog -
- yattangun.
too.
Black snake
- mootoo.
Nonsense ! -
- goorembatti !
Cockchafer -
- dirrigoon.
Fishing net
- werral.
Neck -
- yukool.
Deaf adder -
- hammi.
Throat
- koogooroo.
He (or she) sleeps nannoonba.
Lips -
- wittoo.
I want to sleep
- nannoolow.
Jaws -
- andar.
Go to sleep -
inde nangir.
Chin -
- kottin.
Good-by -
innittiay.
Collar-bone -
- kal.
Where are you
warrunga inde ?
Back -
- kerri, moonon.
going?
Heart -
- boonoo.
Come and eat
kogoi ! damma.
Fingers
- yukun.
I have eaten
demmenba.
Forearm
- tallara.
I have drunk
karbyoo goin.
Arm -
- koopay.
Go away -
yoomenerai inde.
Shoulder -
- kowarrin.
When will yon
wenoondi
Leg -
- ooreroo.
return ?
manalli ?
336
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 185.— THE LOWER MACLEAY RIVER.
Kangaroo -
- womboin.
Hand -
- yemmi.
Opossum -
- witta, wille.
2 Blacks -
- keori bolodi.
Tame dog -
- mirre.
3 Blacks -
- koori arkam-
Wild dog -
- kykum.
barra.
Emu -
■•
One -
- wardo.
Black duck
- maragan.
Two -
- bolodi.
Wood duck
- gooarli.
Three -
- arkambarra.
Pelican
- menako.
Pour -
.
Laughing jackass kargooka.
Native companion kooyerakan.
Pather
- papa, miander.
White cockatoo
- kerrebi.
Mother
- nangoo, narki,
Crow -
- wakkan.
nuki.
Swan -
- arbootero.
Sister-Elder
- narbooe.
Egg -
- karbul.
,, Younger
- towera.
Track of a foot
- yoppong.
Brother-Elder
- bingi.
Fish -
-
„ Younger
Lobster
-
A young man
- marangal.
Crayfish
- kottingeri.
An old man
- karakundan.
Mosquito -
- mungin.
An old woman
- uUarki.
Ply - -
- booroolong.
A baby
- taU.
Snake
- (no general name)
A White man
- barnibo.
The Blacks -
- koori, molong.
Children
- tali.
A Blackfellow
- koori.
Head -
- bokk, bo.
A Black woman
- myangri.
Eye -
- mi.
Nose -
- ammoro.
Ear -
- tegi.
THE LOWER MACLEAY RIVER.
337
No
. 185.— Lower M
Mouth
-
Teetli -
- tirri.
Hair of the heac
- meggi.
Beard
- yaggiri.
Thunder -
- mooroongai.
Grass -
- borral.
Tongue
- dalline.
Stomach
- pingil.
Breasts
- nobbong.
Thigh
- ooreroo.
Foot -
- dinde.
Bone -
- embing.
Blood -
- kangara.
Skin -
- yettoina.
Fat -
- mebong, noora
wommo.
Bowels
■■ boonong.
Excrement -
- koomboiag.
War -spear -
- kummi, loo-oi.
Reed-spear -
- yooma.
Wommera or
ookorowba.
throwing-stick
Shield
- koonmir.
Tomahawk -
- bibi, boggo.
Canoe
- woi.
Sun -
- doorookein.
Moon -
- gitten.
Star -
- gelleneroo.
Light -
- gelein.
Dark -
- oongen.
Cold -
- dallang.
Heat -
- booyoobarra.
Day -
-
Night ■
- oongen.
Fire -
- gooyel.
Water
- koong.
Smoke
- doong.
Ground
- bargi.
Wind -
- booron.
Rain -
- kergi.
God -
-
Ghosts
-
VOL. III.
Hill -
-
Wood
- kereki.
Stone -
- targoo.
Camp -
- wattoo-garin
Yes -
- ya.
No -
- kokimbo.
I
- maiyai, eaka
You -
- inde.
Bark -
- wattoon.
Good -
- margook.
Bad -
- dolo, narko.
Sweet -
- kaugarang.
Food (vegetable) wiggi.
„ (animal)
- baggara.
Hungry
- gegelligan.
Thirsty
- karbyoo.
Eat -
-
Sleep -
-
Drink -
-
Walk - -
-
See ■■
-
Sit -
-
Yesterday -
- oonoon.
To-day
- yoorin.
To-morrow -
- undarbo.
Where are the kooriwa?
Blacks?
I don't know
- achitta.
Plenty
- delemba.
Big -
- yarriki.
Little -
- bootte.
Dead -
- bookargen.
By-and-by -
- koombigi.
Come on
- kogoi.
Milk -
-
Eaglehawk -
-
Wild turkey
-
Wife -
-
338 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 186.— PORT MACQUAEIE.
By John Beajtch, Esq.
The following vocabulary and long list of Additional Words
were forwarded to me by Mr. Jobn Brancb. Tbe document
from which I have transcribed them, that gentleman informs
me, is now more than thirty years old, and, to judge from the
clearly written text, seems to have been compiled with much
care. Who the painstaking collector was I am not aware, but
the words, as Mr. Branch remarks and as the manuscript
itself makes evident, are taken indiscriminately from several
neighbouring dialects. The principal portion of them, how-
ever, belong to the Bripi or Port Macquarie tongue.
Amongst the Additional Words the ethnologist will meet
with several which are interesting, and some invented for
European objects, &c., such as boongenai, to shoot or strike
with a gun. Then we have hoongor or boongar, to strike,
and bongalar, tojight, which reminds one of a similar word
in Western Australia, as well as of the common origin of
our languages. We find names, too, for the principal
colors. There are terms also expressive of mental emotions,
such as fear, joy, sorrow, jealousy, treachery, greediness, and
so on. We are also led to notice that, though generally
wealthy in substantives, and more plentifully supplied than
ourselves with names for animals and plants, the tribes
which speak this language have words with several mean-
ings. Thus, tew-win signifies indifi'erently brains, marrow,
PORT MACQUABIE. 339
mucus from the nose, matter, fly-hloms, and maggots. The
designation of these particular objects by a single term I
have noticed in other Australian languages, and believe it
to be general.
The occurrence of the sound of the letter v is very
common in this language.
T2
340
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
No. 186.— PORT MACQUARIB.
Kangaroo -
- warperer (fe-
Hand -
- mar, yammar.
male), wom-
boine.
- bango, wotto,
2 Blacks -
-
Opossum
3 Blacks -
-
wutting.
One -
- warcol, woiyel,
Tame dog -
- mokan, kookang.
wartho.
Wild dog -
- merri.
Two -
- blarvo, blorable.
Emu -
-
Three -
- blarvo-warcol.
Black duck-
- murrungi.
Wood duck-
-
Four -
- blarvo-blarvo.
Pelican
-
Father
- beanger, be-er.
Laughing jackass kocundy, karko.
Mother
- nango, nigegur.
Native companion
niyeri.
White cockatoo
- carapii.
Sister-Elder
- narrendo.
Crow -
- warcon.
Swan -
- kolewonnia
„ Younger
- owaru, arriendo.
Egg -
- kappooe.
Brother-Elder
- bingarro.
Track of a foot
-
,, Younger
Fish -
-
Lobster
-
A young man
- caywarar, won-
Crayfish
■ yingar.
garar.
Mosquito -
- oooperl, non-
An old man
- bootoen.
gorar.
An old woman
- durrogan.
Fly - -
- barrayler, burro-
long.
- dungen.
A baby
- cappargo, talli.
Snake -
A White man
-
The Blacks -
-
Children
-
A Blackfellow
- korry, kory.
Head -
- borr, wallong.
A Black woman
- kalaban, murri-
Bye -
- mee.
kin, murkin.
Nose -
- noggera, namro.
Ear -
- morkko, pinna-
nang.
kon.
PORT MACQUARIE.
341
No. 186. — PoKT Macqttakib — continued.
Mouth
- kalerer.
Boomerang -
- barragan, barra-
Teeth -
-
can.
Hair of the head- dirring, murray.
Hill - -
- bocal, yoogo.
Beard -
- yerang.
Wood (also iron) carrumun, cam-
Thunder ••
- malloo.
ban, daddro.
Grass -
- murrang.
Stone -
- buckan.
Tongue
- tallan.
Camp -
- mooray.
Stomach
- bittun, mingee,
gokeray.
togul.
Yes -
- yor, yeary,
Breasts
- birring, nappuk.
No - -
I
You -
yaven.
Thigh
Foot -
- darry, ooloo.
- tinner.
- korang.
- iya, mee, motto.
- inder, indo.
Bone -
-
Bark -
- carrung, watton.
Blood -
- kungara, mar-
Good -
- marroong.
rong.
Bad - -
- burrowang,
Skin -
- kooroo, gorron.
mooneyang,
Fat -
- wammo.
wombon.
Bowels
- konung, pindi-
Sweet -
- greekar, gillee.
vung.
Food -
- tammar.
Excrement -
■ konung.
Hungry
- cobbree, kine,
War-spear -
- kumi.
githelgin.
Reed-spear -
Thirsty
Eat -
- cappU.
- tnnneller, tuck-
Wommera or
thro wing-stick
Sleep -
enay, tammar.
- brickelar.
Shield
- korrail, kun-
Drink -
- bittar, umbil.
mary.
Walk-
- munnar.
Tomahawk -
- bibi.
See -
Ganoe -
-
Sit -
- innaar.
Sun -
- eurokar, torneej
Yesterday -
- bemarar.
tocan.
To-day
- bungi.
Moon -
- killen.
To-morrow -
- botongor,
Star - -
- merring, wopo.
cumbergor,
Light -
- parvargau.
Where are
undarwo.
bhe
Dark -
- buttong, brimi,
Blacks?
koombar.
I don't know
_
Cold -
Heat -
- tackrar.
Plenty
- delambang,
-
marrowang,
Day -
-
marroambo.
Night -
- brimi.
Big - -
- tuckal, kattan,
Fire -
- kouyel, koyel.
wootow.
Water
- batto, bardo.
Little -
- mitgey, mittee.
Smoke
- doong.
•Dead -
- baleler.
Ground
- burray.
By-and-by -
-
WLnd-
- bewal.
Come on
- kowie, koggi.
Eain -
- kooray, moo-
Milk -
- nappung.
korar.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
- goonyoorie.
Wild turkey
- murrowan.
Ghosts
- goin.
Wife - -
- mongundre.
342
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 186. — Additional Wokds.
Arropolone -
- quail.
Booner
- sea beach.
Armong
■ give.
Barrumar -
- to untie, loose.
Armong wooker
■ give to me.
Bookarooraroo
- yellow.
AUummar -
- to feel.
Boonmar -
- pull tight.
AUo-omber -
- you and I, or be-
Bocoounar -
- slack, or let go.
tween us.
Bungial
- new.
Annomber -
- mine.
Boottoen -
- old.
Arting
- thick.
Bmg -
- pure solid honey
Aree muriller
- go away.
Burran
- cords made of
Bocro carrillay
take the line and
hair.
umaner alti
catch some
Bongar
- to beat.
perch.
Boculbe
- seed of oak-tree.
Bing -
pigs.
Burrowang -
- a dead log.
Boongar
to kill or strike.
Burrann
- daylight.
Boougar dungen
to kill snakes.
Bittar -
- drink.
Bookar, boyaar
to stink.
Boyye -
- breathe.
Botou -
black.
Bucartuoal -
- very angry.
Botongan -
the day after to-
Borri -
■ boy.
morrow.
Batto biller
- river water.
Bayal bongenaye
fire the gun.
Bunbun or bunbul a path.
Bocayeneller mar
close the hand.
Bucar -
- angry.
Booton cureyler
bring the net.
Bingi -
- cousin.
Bowerow
bald head.
Bottong
- dirty.
Birrar -
sweat.
Bobl -
- to-morrow morn-
Boy-boy
tired.
ing.
Bittungan -
a bellyful.
Bungi -
- midday.
Bookar
sore, sick.
Bimi -
- night, dark.
Bongalar -
to fight, or to
Bearlay
- to speak or talk
paint before a
with.
fight.
Barry -
- hut, house.
Binderoong -
net made of hair
Bundarar -
- wallaby.
or fur worn
Bimble
- a grave.
round the fore-
Beammar -
- to bury.
head.
Booton
- net.
Booto -
to smoke.
Bittar -
- drink.
Brenalyer -
to throw.
Bubalo
■ tobacco-pipe.
Bittar inder
you drink.
Bamby
- eel.
Barrayler ■
gomg away.
Bocro -
- fishing net.
Batto-tucal ■
high-water.
Bumbougar -
- to kiss.
Billo -
sting-ray.
Burri-ee-ler-
- to sing.
Boongenaye
to shoot.
Bittrow
- reeds.
PORT MACQUARIE.
343
Bale
No. 186. — Additional Words — continued.
Bararbereler - the crack of a
Bayter
- to spit.
whip.
Bittrow
- necklace made of
Bingy
- beeswax.
reeds cut into
Borti -
- let it be.
short lengths
Boorungryban
- myrtle-tree.
and strung.
Bongan
- cricket.
Bongon
- a beetle.
Burray-gorarar
- a long way.
Bullim-ban -
' - stripes of skin
Bongerayler
- to fight.
■which depended
Buckar-arkin
- very saucy.
from the girdles
Batto-atto -
- very wet.
of the men both
Boolooboolo
- dry.
before and be-
Bot-toU-o-reeler
- report of a gun.
hind; seldom
Baleambo, bal-
not dead, living
worn, except at
cambo
corroborees.
Biller -
- river.
Brigryban -
- ironbark-tree.
Briwiualyer
- to boU or cook.
Borri-womgar
Borri mingegar
j- pregnant.
Bugee -
Bunbiergal -
- jump.
- sulky.
Botongaroo -
- early in the
Botongan -
- half-caste.
morning.
Burraywill -
- blanket.
Bingarro war ?
- where is my
Baang-
- back.
brother ?
Battotucal -
- a flood.
Bowran, boonan - parrot.
Bailpandover
- to come from
Eeerin
- bread.
Bailpan.
Barng -
- back.
Bottaw bootan
- black snake.
Bocar -
- to go inside or
Balling
- flying squirrel.
dive.
Billambang -
- swamp-oak.
Barwar
- shadow.
Barpingbang
- stinging.
Bockoi
- short.
Buckawucker
- curly hair.
Berringgar
Bringar
- sunset.
Bnllii -
- wattle-tree
grubs.
Ban -
- tree.
Bucker
- knee.
Bondalyer -
- to break.
Bunyeller -
- to kill.
Bindy -
- deep water.
Bittuugan -
- bellyful
Bootul
- report of a gun.
Buckan
- iron or stone.
Banbaliung-
- don't talk.
Boattee
- a smell.
Burrieliung
- don't sing.
Booke-booke
- lazy.
Bungan
- grasshopper.
Bickel
- backbone.
Boothoong -
- soft, easy.
Bombay
- a blow.
Burrowong -
- nasty, no good.
Carr -
- horse.
Biteler
- to bite.
Cowan-nerrar
- bullock.
344
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 186.— Additionai, Words — continued.
Calcrow
Calliwer
Carapun
Cow-winder
Cappo-gan -
Cottwoie
Coram
Caronemeller
Coonming, coon-
uong
Coorieki
Carpee
Cowering -
Cutoreller -
Cuttageller -
Cappogan cun-
gayler
Cowie barrego -
Cungayler, cungar
Cotto-gang -
Crackor
Copalaa
Coyel mucker
Cando, oowando -
Cooler
Cuborne
Carambo pata-
limbo
Cumbergor -
Cookambingal
Caparar
Cookee
Oopang
Carramar
ohm.
to climb.
to make nets.
the other side.
corn.
one with little
finger ofE.
finger and toe
nails,
to scratch,
a cough or cold.
a fern,
to throw,
hat.
to break into /
bits,
to fall down,
to pull corn.
come into the
hut.
to break,
lame,
stop.
make haste,
cut firewood,
uncle,
angry,
big.
no food.
sunrise.
a stranger.
boy.
calabash.
a tree, the leaves
of which are
used to poison
fish.
shade of trees.
Culker
Carropoim -
Cappine
Cangervan -
Cowerang -
Cutherwye -
Cooroo
CuUar, capo
Cambar mokiu
Cungalyer -
Corrongon -
Carpeeler carr
Cottan-bimbing
Copar -
Coorroong -
Carroongy -
Curreegen -
Cunggi
Cayparrerkin
tail.
kangaroo-rat.
honey,
grapes,
a comb.
kangaroo-skin
rug.
■ call the dogs.
• to stop a spear
with the shield.
grandmother.
thrown by a
horse.
cabbage-tree.
arm below elbow.
wrist.
jump.
crack the fingers.
pillow.
a period when
women are for-
bidden to eat
kangaroo.
Cowillevitamber
Mount Cross.
Calarar tulcar
mouth parched.
Carrumbang •.
Carnban - i
firewood.
Carrumun - '
Combo
ankle.
Cuttang
spittle.
CoUiprer
net round fore-
head.
Carngon
navel.
Crarvriu
go over the hill.
Curillay, canny -
bring.
Culpeeler -
to roost.
Corambo nuriam
I have not heard.
bo
Couyel-borler
a common fire at
a camp.
PORT MACQUARIE.
345
No. 186.— Additional Words — continued.
Corrang beringax
no bread.
Carkeneller
nettle.
Calcrow
chin.
Cuttang
sand.
Cootray
angry.
Conang-worang -
bashful.
Conangwerang
afraid.
Cowarrar -
sort of fern-tree.
Coggi -
come here.
Carrindarr -
light (not heavy).
Corumbate -
lies.
Cumber, cumbay-
come here.
Callaban, culvang
woman.
ler
Cuimang -
make haste.
Coolongoung
elbow.
Ctumang gethel-
quick ! I am
Denar* gomarmei
come to dinner.
gin
hungry.
Dungen
to shed tears.
Carumwumbiller
fast asleep.
Doong
smoke.
Cungarlmayler
a camp in which
Delambang -
a great many.
all stop together.
Dowan
scrub-bird.
Condivang -
mahogany-tree.
Dalcome
pain.
Cotemerbang
box-tree.
Dungaler -
to prick.
Carrumbang
oak-tree.
Dalemeri
eyelids.
Cocumbang
fig-tree.
Diggicon -
nails of toes and
Coorar
turtle.
hands.
Carreegaybang
hardwood.
Dungal
cry.
Corrmnbatting
pretend, to lie.
Drower
- centipede.
Cmran
feathers, wings
Dungarring
right hand.
of birds.
Dongaa
iguana.
Cuttageller
fall down.
Doorally
fight.
Curreepayler
to sew.
Dingayler -
moonlight.
Cooroo curree-
to sew skins to-
Dirring gorarrar
- long hair.
payler
gether.
Dirring bocoi
- short hair.
Cumigo mnnnar
to get spears.
Dirring ingalyer
- curly hair.
Carr windarr
the horses on the
Dirring turrar
- straight hair.
wheat.
Dirring wattem
- light hair.
Cooyel moonang
a bad fire.
Doorroongan
- whale.
Cooroopau -
mist or fog.
Dilwirrar -
- grasshopper.
Car inda
you carry.
Greekar
- sweet.
Calevreeler
to spiU.
GUlee -
- light.
Colangarban
beech-tree.
Gillee marner
- bring a light.
Callergalling
drowned.
Gonalay
- to evacuate.
Carry-morong
to cut till blood
Gonel-gonel
- lies.
comes.
Goree -
- face.
Caypar
wipe.
Gootong
- knee.
Carm -
salmon (native).
Gong -
- river.
Coparai
porpoise.
Goorarar
- tall.
* Denar, aboriginal pronunciation of dvrmer.
346
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 186. — Additional Words-
Goonun
- flash.
Tydney-garver
- from Sydney.
Tydney-go -
- to Sydney.
Go-oumbayler
- to throw spears.
Gunamb'aleler
- coward.
Gorroman -
- a male, from the
time he can walk
until he enters
the class, or is
called Caypar-
rer.
Greekar
- sweet.
Gunamballiug
- fear.
Gunambaleung
don't you be
inder
frightened.
Goropean -
frog.
Gamber mokin
- call the dogs.
Gorree-go -
to Gorree.
Gorry -
- all.
Gong or gang
- very : for in-
stance — cotto-
gang, very sick;
tuoalgong, very
large; mittey-
gang, very
small.
Inder -
- you.
Inder murri-
(are) you mar-
kengen ?
ried?
Inder marthoom
- you (I) love; the
term used by a
man when ad-
dressing a wo-
man. Another
term is used by
a woman when
addressing a
man.
Illamor
to feel.
Kindr^
- a term of endear-
ment used by a
female to a
female.
Kindi -
- laugh.
Kindayler -
- to laugh.
Kindeyung -
- don't laugh.
Kurtey
to cut.
Kurtey diggicon
- to cut one's nails.
Kimmarr
- to cook.
KaUender -
- knife.
Kai-ai -
- sexual desire.
Karkeambo -
- raw, underdone.
Karkeeler -
done, cooked
Kindowen -
- lies.
Kindowiambo
you lie.
inder
ICimmung -
kangaroo-rat.
Eommarginmar
to shake.
Kiudi-tucal
a hearty laugh.
Kirri-wong -
a magpie.
Kinber kallender
sharpen the
knife.
Killing gam
moonlight.
Karkeeler -
a smart.
Kain -
a small sort of
ant.
Kindilan
joyful, merry.
laughing.
Kulkayler -
wrong.
Kaokeler
ripe.
Kackeambo
unripe.
Kaylung
mad, insane.
Konnoo-ung
a cough or cold.
Kreeley
carry.
Killang
armpit.
Karkeneller
nettle.
Korrikon -
toadfish.
Mottrow
forehead.
Marthoom -
a good fellow.
Mickey
lightning.
Manny, macomb-
paddimellon.
Mii - - -
face.
Marner
bring, take.
Mingen
liver.
PORT MACQUARIE.
347
No. 186.— Additiona
L Words — continu
'A.
MoUaroo -
- long ago.
Murrikin wom-
a bad woman.
Mingegrbori
- pregnant.
bonder
Merring
- sharp.
Merri -
go-
Munanbang
-wattle.
Moilong
tide coming in.
Macka
- quick.
Mittianniller
low water.
Muimo
- louse.
Maokoro -
mullet.
Moocorar -
- rain.
Murrang-wurrang green.
Mingey
- sick.
Minter-minter -
tie a knot.
Marroong -
- beautiful, sound,
Mee-bottong
dark eyes.
not decayed.
Mii marroong
a pretty face.
Marroong murkin a nice little
Mee wattem
light eyes.
mitgay
woman.
Mooloong -
to rub the person
Mittem
- tree.
with charcoal
Mureeler
- go.
when in mourn-
Mionar ?
- what do you say?
ing.
what is that ?
Mii wombon
ugly face.
Mundal
- net.
Mackang -
lizard.
Mallerro
- sorrow.
Murrikin corang
not married.
Minargo ? -
- where are you
Murrikingen
married.
going?
Mailcun
finger and toe
Movan
- wild raspberries.
nails.
Munner
- walk.
Morlcun
- spider.
Mullindar -
- taste.
Momen
- blind.
Mollero
- shed tears.
Nevalay
- blow the nose.
Mongundre
- wife.
Nurriambo -
- (have) not heard.
Mong -
Marrong
Murroorang
Mulloman -
Moroo-womban
Munder
- backside.
- clean.
- wicked.
- the sea.
- deaf.
■ cheek.
Notto nurriangau I don't know.
Niyer! nacker! look!
narker !
Neger-arkin - blind of one eye.
Nurrangyun - think.
Mooler
- to vomit.
Numar
- feel.
Moolay
- dirty.
Narowerr -
- sorrow.
Moondi
- ashes.
Nowerr
- loins.
Marmoroam
- cabbage-tree.
Narrowen -
■ kidney.
Murroi
- quiet.
Nurraymayler
- sick in the
Morrooee -
- brains, marrow.
stomach.
Myander -
- in front.
NuUayer -
- to vomit.
Murromedayler
- to snore.
Nurrayler -
- to hear.
Mary -
- a hole in the
Nurrungar -
- listen.
ground, a room.
Nurrungrar
- drunk.
348
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 186.— Additional
Nappunganer * - young woman.
Nimayler - - to pineh.
Namdo - - who.
Nangray, nunger lie down.
Narray
Nurrungar ■
Naming
Norang
Ningree
Nooang
Nacker cowie
Newtar
Nuayler
Nunderovo -
Niungacko -
Natave
Nurrungatteler -
Ninnung
Norroborarvo
Nundamg -
Nundamg-cotto -
Nerro f
Nangong -
Notto murriken-
gen
Narree
nearly, close to.
listen.
name.
small.
jealous.
cow, honey-bee.
come (and) see.
taste.
to kick.
long sinee.
■ name of the lan-
guage and coun-
try round Trial
Bay.
you and I.
■ to forget.
• oysters.
■ red.
■ jaw.
■ face-ache.
■ ruddle.
■ hole through sep-
tum of nose.
I (am) married.
shin.
Notto weeai Par- I will tell Parker
kenen
Notto weeatterri I will not tell
Cangumia Cangumi.
Notto Bellowingo I (am) going to
marray or notto Bellowin.
marray Below-
ingo
Niyee - - rushes.
Nerromayler - to scold.
Nowakee - - bellyful.
WoBDS — continued.
Nuckumballung -
Nuckarn mittey -
Nuckam
Namevo
Namevo tourl-
tourl
Okellar
Ooner
Okear
Ohi -
Poneller, ponayler
Perriwhy -
Parperlo
Parperlo woner ?
Payraypaller
Pickelworang
Parpinang -
Parrumbal -
Parparakeara
Ploorcang -
Pundur
Pongar
Pingy
Parubar
Parropolone
Parrung
Perrar mayler
Piyerbang -
Pulkayler -
Pattoin
Paperlamay
Parrimar -
Poperer
thumb,
little finger,
finger,
take care,
take care (of, a)
slip.
to buy or ex-
change,
elbow,
give,
this,
to kill,
fish-hook,
tobacco-pipe,
where (is my)
pipe?
to paint the body
with pipeclay,
crooked,
cockles,
seaweed,
mushroom,
treacherous,
few.
cut.
to kill,
wax.
to talk.
quail (large sort),
lungs.
to tremble with
cold,
ti-tree.
to push,
rat.
blue pigeon,
to undress,
day after to-mor-
row.
* Probatly compounded of nappunk = breasts, and gang
+ The Ngoorailum use noro-noro in the sa,me sense.
: very or large.
PORT MACQUARIE.
349
No. 186. — ^Additional Wobds — continued.
Tew-win
- mucus from nose.
matter from
wound, mag-
gots, fly-blows.
Turra-
- thighs.
Talloo
- heavy.
Tooreller -
- to eat too much.
Tirray
- egg-shells.
Tippo -
- a sheep.
Tirrower -
- ribs.
Tmnong
- blunt.
Tackrar
- cold.
Turra cotto
- tired (thighs
sore).
Towibang -
- honeysuckle-
tree.
Tingar
- grey hairs.
Tindiabang-
- grass-tree.
Terraypin -
- small quail.
Talmung
- strong, hard.
Turan-
- shells.
Tourl-tourl -
- slippery.
Tomombang
- sassafras-tree.
Trocoie
- iguana.
Toonegan -
- sinews in tail of
kangaroo.
Tungelar -
- to hide.
Tarroveller
- drowned.
Toumben -
- to steal.
Tonbar-tickel
- thief.
Tongan
- creek.
Tovang
- right hand.
Talprar
- arm below elbow.
Tangeli
- kill.
Tupparker -
- quiet.
Tirrung
- pride.
Tarvomeller
- to yawn.
Tarpin
- scrub.
Tarpan
- a lie.
Tarran
- frog.
Turromary -
- rainbow.
Tirrumbibang
- .gum-tree.
Ticking
a sore or wound.
Tappy-
■ chin.
Talprar
arm.
Dnnong
give.
XJUoo -
forehead.
Urar -
clouds.
UmbU-
drink.
Urepayler, urepi
to steal.
Ucoll, ucore
■ heart.
Wombon -
- bad, ugly.
Worotto, worro
- throat.
Woner ?
- where?
Willing
- lips.
WUker
- shoulder.
Wigt-wigt -
- make haste.
WUlung
- catfish.
Wuckumbrer
- scarring.
Woombang -
- kangaroo skin.
Wang arriendo?
- where (is my)
sister ?
Wang beangar ?
- where father ?
Wangi nigegur ?
- where mother?
Warring -
- left hand.
Wocover, woco-
a Ue.
wun
Wirrar
- bandicoot.
Woterbang -
- cedar-tree.
Woombin -
- starved.
Worimi
- language and
country near
Maitland.
Weambeang
- whistle.
Warr?
- where?
Wungayler -
- to corroboree.
Wigelmar -
- make haste.
Wattem
- white.
Woorayayler
- to talk too much
Wong-gon-gi-on
- grandmother.
Wurrung -
- crooked.
Woporer -
- lagoon.
Wizonggurer
- to swim.
Wurrian,wurrang valley.
350
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 186. — Additional Words — continued.
Wunger
- a corroboree.
Yoooore, yoocoU
heart.
Wackeller -
- shoulder.
Yalpun
- the bark of a dog
Yetting
- lightning.
Yarkeler -
■ to paint body
Yawtong
- journey.
red.
Yalliyar
Yerrating -
Yungii
Yetn-yetn -
Yinderee
- to dive.
- shadow.
- rogue.
- greedy.
- eyebrows.
Yung -
Yingar
New England
country and
language.
a crab.
Yellpayler -
- to bark (as a
Yayrung
waterfall.
dog).
Yetting
greedy.
Yindayler -
- to split.
Yungartilla
go on before.
Yaapar
- to swim.
YuUoyen -
■ go behind.
No. 187.— THE MANNING RIVER.
By Bench op Magistrates at Wingham.
Canoes are made of bark, and sometimes shields, and the reader may
compare the equivalents of baric, shield, and canoe.
- womboit.
Opossum
watoo.
Tame dog -
merri.
Wild dog -
Emu -
mitucit.
Black duck-
krangi.
Wood duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
karkoo.
Native companior
White cockatoo
terripi,
Crow -
warkut.
Swan -
koolwanuk
Egg -
koopwai.
Track of a foot
yabuk.
Fish -
markorow.
Lobster
yiuga.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
koopul.
Fly - - ■
boorilook.
Snake -
batai.
The Blacks -
koori.
A Blaokfellow
koori.
A Black woman -
marrikait.
Nose -
nak.
Hand -
- muttra.
2 Blacks -
- boolora koori.
3 Blacks -
One -
- wakoolbo.
Two -
- boolora, booreit
Three -
- boolora wakool.
Pour -
- boolorakoo-boo-
lorakoo.
Father
■ bigyai.
Mother
■ niga.
Sister-Elder
- ngureit.
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
bingai.
,, Younger woombarra.
A young man
boombut.
An old man
kooukoon.
An old woman
• beti.
A baby
marria.
A White man
keruinbuUa.
Children
boori, kulluk.
Head -
waluk.
Eye -
- mikue.
Ear -
- moko.
THE MANNING RIVER.
351
No. 187. — The Manning Rivkk — continued.
Mouth
- kurrika.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- tirra.
Hill - -
.
Hair of the head- boorach.
Wood -
- watti.
Beard -
- yarrut.
Stone -
- bakkut.
Thunder
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
- marloo.
- murruk.
- tuUut.
- warra.
Camp -
Yes -
No -
- moora.
- ya, ngoe.
- kooriat.
Breasts
Thigh
Foot -
- napuk.
- ngurru.
- tinya.
I - -
You -
Bark -
- ngata.
- beai.
- koorak.
Bone -
- tirruk.
Good -
- marook.
Blood -
- kungera.
Bad -
- yarraki.
Skin -
- yoolak.
Sweet -
-
Fat -
- wamyao.
Food -
- boowartuk.
Bowels - - kergo.
Excrement - - goonnuk,
War-spear - - kumai.
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick - mooro.
Shield- - - kooreel.
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep -
Drink -
- kappirega.
- tumbuth.
- taki.
- narboolukoo.
- butooki.
Tomahawk -
- bai-bai.
Walk -
- yannau.
Canoe -
- kooyauk.
See -
- narlchi.
Sun -
- toonau.
Sit -
- yallow-akoo.
Moon -
- gewak.
Yesterday -
- boomi.
Star -
- muriet.
To-day
- bungai.
Light -
- narrakut.
To-morrow -
- koobauki.
Dark -
- bootoom, bootuk.
Where are the
wunna koori?
Cold - -
- yatoo.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- naooit.
I don't know
- narrai yoongat
Day -
- kaiyak.
ngata.
Night- -
- koonbaka.
Plenty
- mondai.
Fire -
- kooyal.
Big - -
- tookal.
Water
- bartoo.
Little -
- mittoo.
Smoke
- beautoo.
Dead -
- toothtoo.
Ground
- burrai.
By-and-by -
- kookooka,
Wind-
- wippai, wooroo-
Come on -
- gowai.
ma.
Milk -
.
Rain -
- yurra.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
Ghosts
:
Wild turkey
Wife - -
-
352 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 188.— THE HUNTER RIVER.
THE WONNARUA TRIBE AND LANGUAGE.
By Robeet Miller, Esq.
The Wonnarua language is more nearly related to tliat of
the Hawkesbury than to any other; at the same time it has
many words found in Wiiratheri, and some which were used
hy the Sydney tribe. Mr. Miller, from whom I received my
information concerning the Wonnarua tribe, tells me that
when he first knew them they occupied the Hunter and all
its tributaries from within ten miles of Maitland to the
apex of the Liverpool Ranges, an area which he sets down
at two thousand square miles. My informant also points
out that he lived in the Hunter River district for several
years, having settled there in 1841. At that time, he says
the tribe numbered about 500 individuals, but it is now
almost extinct, the result of increased infanticide, de-
bauchery, diseases introduced by the Whites, exposure to
rain (which the aborigines avoided in great measure before
we interfered with their modes of life), bronchitis, and rheu-
matic fever. Their clothing used to be an opossum-skin
cloak, and a girdle of spun opossum hair next the skin, and
their principal ornament a nautilus shell cut into an oval
shape and suspended from the neck by a string. They also
anointed the person on gala occasions with a mixture of red
ochre and fat, and lived in bark mia-miams like those in use
in all the southern portions of the continent. Their effects
were the ordinary spears, wommera, shields, and war-boome-
rangs, and also the boomerang which returns when thrown,
which was used partly as a toy and was also thrown into
flights of ducks and other birds with very good results. The
boomerang used in fights does not return. They had also
THE HUNTER RIVER. 353
bags made of platted swamp-grass; koolaman or wooden
bowls, two or three feet long, for holding water at the camp;
tomahawks of hard dark-colored stone, which were first
chipped and then ground to an edge; knives made of flint
for cuttipg up meat, and also chips of flint with which they
skinned animals. For food they got the kangaroo and emu,
which they kUled with spears and captured with nets,
besides the other animals and reptiles found in their
country; as also a variety of roots, one of which was that of
the water-lily. These they roasted in the usual way, or baked
in the heaps of cinders and stone (or cinders and lumps of
clay) usually called ovens. The young of both sexes were
prohibited fi"om eating certain sorts of meat. They had also
at about sixteen years of age to undergo the ceremonies of
having a tooth knocked out, the septum of the nose pierced,
and the painful operation of being scarred on the back,
shoulders, stomach, and occasionally on the legs. At the
same age the males were Tuade young men with many secret
ceremonies. UntU the advent of the Whites, cannibalism
also prevailed to the extent of eating portions of a slain
enemy by way of triumph.
In their marriages they were strictly exogamous ; men
obtained their wives in exchange for female relatives; females
becoming wives at twelve and mothers at sixteen years of
age. Polygamy prevailed, and a large number of the men
were unable to obtain wives owing partly to the paucity of
female children reared. Infanticide was practised, and is
ascribed by Mr. Miller to the impossibility of a woman
carrying more than one young child in her wanderings.
Men renowned as warriors frequently attacked their inferiors
in strength and took their wives from them. Widows got
another husband in the tribe, and children belonged to the
tribe of the father.
The Wonnarua had some idea of a Great Spirit, but
what the idea was my informant does not know. They had,
too, a custom of daubing their hands and feet with a com-
pound of fat and red ochre, and then impressing them on
354
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
the sides of caves. The canoes were sheets of bark, cut from
suitable trees in such a manner as to give a little elevation
to the sides and ends. Fish they caught with nets and
three-pronged spears. The average height of the men Mr.
Miller estimates at five feet six inches, though some of them
were upwards of six feet, and the women at five feet. As a
rule, their hair was long and lank, one or two being curly and
one woolly. The dead were interred in a sitting posture,
the grave being covered with logs to prevent wild dogs
getting at the corpse. Their wars were the results of tres-
passes on their lands by neighbouring tribes (generally by
the Kamilaroi tribes) and the abduction of females. They
had a salutation on meeting which was " anigunya^'' the
meaning of which is not stated.
The old men, as usual, used to talk over the affairs of the
tribe, and generally persuaded its members to adopt their
views, which Mr. Miller looks on as a sort of government;
but no authority existed.* In cases of sickness, certain
impostors in the tribe used to pretend to extract bits of stick
or stone from the seat of pain with their mouths; for
rheumatism the skin was scarified; the gums bled for
toothache, and hot stones applied to relieve various sorts of
pains. Wounds were plastered with wet clay, and bleeding
staunched by the application of a sort of spongy bark.
Besides his translation of my Common Vocabulary, Mr.
Miller supplies the following words, amongst which will be
found the names of the four cardinal points : —
Additional Woeds.
Arm -
- wadtra.
Calf of the leg
- woolaoma.
Forearm
- murumae.
Ankle -
- walngoor.
Upper arm -
- kinian.
Toe -
- eulo.
Fingers
- mutera.
Toes -
- beriel.
Knee -
- waroo.
Forehead -
- mllero.
* Englishmen generally seem with difficulty to realize the idea of
a people living entirely without government as our Blacks do, and not
unfrequently dub some intelligent man of a tribe King Billy or King
Tommy.
THE HUNTER RIVEE.
355
Additional Words— continiied.
Eyebrows -
- yenderra.
South wind -
kurrenan.
Man's breast
yokoU,
Hot wind -
burrumi.
mooralong.
Cold wind -
tukkera.
Chin -
- mundoo.
Whirlwind -
bolee.
Hips -
- karbalong.
Koolaman or
koka.
Dry bark -
- terrakee.
wooden water
Dead tree -
- kookyal.
bowl
Burnt stump
- wallangan*
Honey
kerega.
Leaf -
- eele.
A shadow -
- gungool.
Green wattle
- pattigi.
A bag -
- buacul.
Kangaroo-rat
- turumbi.
Raised scars on weerong,
Bandicoot -
- koitoun.
skin
mooberra.
Flying squirrel
- petuong.
Net -
- turrila.
Black snake
- mutoo-cungoan.
A hole
- dingung.
Brown snake
- tunibadong.
Eainbow -
- turumbol,
Tortoise
- kutamong.
wooralegan.
Eel -
- kannung.
An animal's tail
- batan.
Pigeon
- murramaa.
Feathers
- ering.
Wallaby -
- barinbellong.
Wings
- kilkin.
Soldier ant -
- turkol, kerral.
Bill of bird -
- karka.
Red ant
- teemong-
Red -
- kapera.
watawan.
Black -
- tuckdan.
Iguana
Magpie
- guerawa, gerua.
- goorabul, woing.
White -
- barral-
weerobarral.
Platypus
- becan.
Green -
- karowara.
Butcher bird
- merratta.
A good many
- kowal-kowal.
Curlew
- booyuong.
Sick -
- gerrein-manya.
Red parrot -
- wackelara.
Angry -
- merral.
Green parrot
- peba.
Ironbark-tree
- terakii.
Swallow
- biUimuhnul.
Oak-tree
- goonei.
Red gum -
- tarin.
Jew lizard -
- wirramin.
Towards the north kyaubali.
Woodpecker
- bing-gol-gol.
Towards the south bulgargoba.
Green ant -
- goonan.
Towards the east baranbali.
Wallaroo -
- wallambang,
Towards the west wackalaugbali.
wyanua.
Bring water
- kukundia
Lightning -
- muUo.
'
murra.*
■ See translation of water in Common Vocabulary.
Z 2
356
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 188— THE HUNTER RIVER.
Kangaroo -
womboin, bandar. 1
Hand -
- mater.
Opossum -
Willi.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
merrie.
3 Blacks -
.
Wild dog ' -
ukae.
One •
- munnaan.
Emu
murrin.
Two -
- buluarra.
Black duck
Wood duck
Three -
- wakkool, nulraw.
Pelican
Four -
- tarri, carrowel.
Laughing jackass
kookaburra.
Father
- beeung.
Native companioi]
Mother
- naae.
White cockatoo -
wangolong,
gar-
Sister-Elder
- marrane.
ribee.
,, Younger
-
Crow -
wagan.
Brother-Elder
- biaghi.
Swan - - -
„ Younger
Egg - - -
kobaau.
A young man
-
Track of a foot -
An old man
Fish - - -
makroo.
An old woman
Lobster
Crayfish
A baby
- wanni, warray.
Mosquito -
A White man
-
Fly - ■■
boorolong.
Children
-
Snake -
currewa.
Head -
- gaberong, gaber
The Blacks
undea, geren
A Blackfellow
- kurri.
bandina.
A Black woman -
coolberri, apul.
Eye -
- mekong.
Nose -
nockro.
Ear -
- pinna.
THE HUNTER RIVER.
357
No. 188. — Tkb Hitntbe River — c(mtinued.
Mouth
- karka.
Boomerang -
- barragan, tootoo-
Teeth
- undera.
kera.
Hair of the head
- woorann.
Hill -
- kooaran.
Beard
.
Wood -
- terackii.
Thunder -
- murrongali.
Stone -
- kumbunding,
Grass
- tooka, woio.
tunong.
woolo.
Camp -
- wattaka, watta-
Tongue
- myong.
kabung.
Stomach
• warra.
Yes - -
- wattalong, nawa
Breasts
- abuk.
day, merri.
Thigh - -
- balingora.
No -
- yallawebung,
Foot -
- tinna.
kae-one.
Bone -
- tabaU.
I - -
- indua, nuttua.
Blood - -
- gooara.
You - -
- natrua, nindrua,
Skin -
_
aninua.
Fat -
- wommo.
Bark -
- bekeree, koogera.
Bowels
.
Good - -
- murrong.
Excrement -
-
Bad -
- yaracke.
War-spear -
- durrane.
Sweet -
-
Reed-spear -
-
Food -
-
Wommera or
werrewy.
Hungry
- kuberigo.
throwing-stick
Thirsty
-
Shield- -
- murribi, kooreil.
Eat -
- takiligo.
Tomahawk -
- mundabang.
Sleep -
- kungongo.
Canoe -
- buba.
Drink -
- begennan.
Sun -
- pannal.
Walk- -
- wannin.
Moon -
- goonduong.
See -
- natan.
Star -
- meeka, merri.
Sit - -
- woorUla, talla-
Light -
- laurae.
walla.
Dark -
-
Yesterday -
-
Cold -
- karring, dookra.
To-day
-
Heat -
- werroo, ewereba.
To-morrow -
-
Day -
- barraiag, burra-
Where are
bhe
galia.
Blacks ?
Night -
- tookoi or dookoi.
I don't know
- naiu giando.
Fire -
- watta.
Plenty
- kawall.
Water
- kaUe, kukun.
Big -
-
Smoke
• butta.
Little -
- warrae.
Ground
- parri, murrawan.
Dead -
- tateba.
Wind -
- booromi, burra-
By-and-by -
-
maronga.
Come on -
- danaan.
Rain -
- mergo, banna,
Milk -
-
wakaden.
Eaglehawk -
- kawul.
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- borang.
Wife -
.
360
THE AUSTRALIAN EACE :
No. 189.— THE HAWKESBURY RIVER AND
BROKEN BAY.
By J. TUCKEEMAIT, ESQ.
The following vocabulary was drawn up by Mr. J. Tucker-
man, and forwarded to me by the Bench of Magistrates at
Windsor. Some of its words agree with those of the Sydney
and others with those of the Manning River languages.
There is but one word for yesterday and to-morrow, and the
phrase I don't know is rendered not seen, nukka no doubt
being derived from na.
Additionai. Words.
Uncle -
- kowan.
Iguana
- bungera.
Aunt -
- murriki.
Bear -
- koolewong.
Cousin
- nurria.
Bandicoot -
- binben.
Demon
- kooyar.
Hailstones -
- kooribai.
Clouds
- yoora.
Fog -
- koorebun.
Honey
- koodjung.
Lightning -
- moomi.
No. 189.-
-HAWKESBURY R
IVER AND BROKEN BAY.
By J. Ttjck
BEMAN, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- woUombawn.
Hand -
- bugeele.
Opossum
- irrubel.
2 Blacks -
- boolla koori.
Tame dog -
-
3 Blacks -
- burrong koori
Wild dog -
-
One -
- workul.
Emu -
- barebare.
Two -
- boolla.
Black duck -
- urina.
Wood duok-
- nuUaburra.
Three -
- burrong.
Pelican
Four -
-
Laughing jackass kookundi.
Father
- bea.
Native companion
Mother
- wyung.
White cockatoo
- nooal.
Sister-Elder
- nurreen.
Crow
- wottigan.
,, Younger
-
Swan
- mooricone.
Brother-Elder
- parpinB.
Egg
- kungiri.
,, Younger
Track of a foot
- moori.
Fish -
- marra.
A young man
- woongara.
Lobster
- wirra.
An old man
- narraki.
Crayfish
-
An old woman
- narronyan.
Mosquito -
- choopin.
A baby
- kootchikou.
Fly - .
- yuUa.
A White man
- bite-bite.
Snake -
- butaeen.
The Blacks -
- koori.
Children -
- turrongankal.
A Blackfellow
- koori.
Head -
- kunibeen.
A Black woman
- nukal.
Eye -
- mekung.
Nose -
- nukurra.
Ear -
- binna.
HAWKBSBURY RIVER AND BROKEN BAY.
369
No. 189.-
-Hawkesbuey Rivek and Broken Bay
—contimied.
Mouth-
- kurraka.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- yerra.
Hill -
Hair of the heac
- kewurra.
Wood -
wotti.
Beard -
- yarring.
Stone -
kibbar.
Thunder -
- wortool.
Camp -
nurra.
Grass -
- datter.
Yes -
ni.
Tongue
- tulling.
Stomach
- ukul.
No
worripi, worri
Breasts
- nopping.
I
niya.
Thigh -
- durra.
You -
ninde.
Foot -
- genna.
Bark -
toornung.
Bone -
- dirrel.
Good -
Blood -
- koomurra.
Bad -
kootear.
Skin ■
- bukka.
Sweet -
- kooturra.
Fat -
- wommo.
Food -
- kundoo.
Bowels
- guanong.
Hungry
duUee.
Excrement -
- guanong.
Thirsty
- tarrel.
War-spear -
- kummi.
Eat
- booda.
Reed-spear -
- quarang.
Throwing-stick
- woora,wommera.
Sleep -
- nangri.
Shield -
- kooreal.
Drink -
woodra.
Tomahawk -
- mogo.
Walk -
warre.
Canoe -
- nooia.
See -
- na.
Sun -
- bonnal.
Sit -
- nullawa.
Moon -
- koodang.
Yesterday -
- purrapeen.
Star -
- koolang.
To-day
- yakkunda.
Light -
- burrayang.
To-morrow -
- purrapeen.
Dark -
- minni.
Where are the
wirri koori ?
Cold -
- tuggera.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- woonul.
I don't know
- worri nukka.
Day -
- burrea.
Plenty
- koora.
Night -
- minni.
Fire -
- kooyoong.
Big -
- kawbawn.
Water -
- bardo.
Little -
narrang.
Smoke -
- kntohel.
Dead -
tatta.
Ground
- burri.
By-and-by -
- nart.
Wind -
- wippe.
Come on
gooi.
Rain -
- woUong, moora-
Milk -
koo.
Eaglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
- buttong.
Wife
BOOK THE SIXTEENTH.
BOOK THE SIXTEENTH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
The Wiiratheri language, as it was called by the Lachlan
Blacks, in whose country I resided for some time, or Wiraduri,
as the Eevd. W. Ridley spells it in his " Kamilaroi," is remark-
able for the number of tribes by which it is spoken and the
large area of country throughout which it prevails. Though,
as the reader will see from this book, there are differences in
the vocabularies of every tribe, we know that they are not
so great as to interrupt or even impede conversation, for
every Black is to some extent a linguist from his infancy,
and on that account less impatient of small differences of
speech than the average Englishman or Frenchman.
The word Wiiratheri is derived from wiirai, the negative
adverb, and it is worthy of notice that in almost every tribe
throughout this series the equivalents of no and the Blacks
are, though differently spelt by my contributors, in reality
the same, a state of things which rarely exists in connection
with tribes occupying so large an extent of country. We
also find in these dialects dagu, duggan, dagga, &c., common
equivalents for excrement, and related terms such as dagun,
duggan, and daggoon signifying ground; in fact in two in-
stances the two objects are expressed by the same word. In a
vocabulary drawn up by the Right Reverend Dr. Salvado of
a language of Western Australia, on the other side of the
continent, daagn is met with signifying anus, and it seems
probable that there was a time when there was but one word
to express the objects excrement, ground, and anus. Goonna,
364
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
goonnong, koonna = excrement, so general in our languages,
also appear in some of the Wiiratlieri dialects, and it is
likely tliat the two words dagun and koonna exist in all of
them. In these dialects it wiU also be found that the
equivalents of tongue and eat are generally related, and
occasionally that oifood.
But what is most noteworthy about the Wiiratheri tribe
is, that though they were a people who numbered several
thousand souls, had a common language, and inhabited a
country 450 miles in length by 300 in breadth, throughout
which communication was easy, yet with these advantages
they never get beyoiid tribal life which limits cohesion to ,
persons nearly related by blood, or made a single step in the
direction of a national existence. Like all other Australians,
the Wiiratheri tribes had got so far that any one of them
could by messenger treat collectively with another tribe, but
had not reached the stage of established authority within
the tribe. No doubt it is the establishment within the tribe,
and for home purposes, of some authority other than the
paternal, which is the first step from tribal to national life,
and that this perhaps never occurs until agriculture has led
to stationary settlement.
Before giving the several translations of my Common
Vocabulary into Wiiratheri which have have reached me, I
will proceed with such Additional Words as my correspondents
have furnished, as follows. In three of these little collections
we have the equivalents of un^le, aunt, and cousin, an im-
portant fact which was overlooked when the table found in
Vol. I., page 141, was drawn up : —
Bt the Rbvd
J. GnNTHBB.
Drink
Present
Future
- widgalli.
- widyana.
- widyalgine.
Walk
Present
Future
- yanney.
- yannunoo
- yannagun
See -
Present
Future
- ngunnai.
- nguna.
- nagine.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
365
Mr. C. Rouse
Gives the following names of places and their aignifloations:-
Bna-wena -
- Place where the
Gillendoon
- A place of cray
women stop
fish.
when separated
Billa-buUa -
- The two rivers.
from the men in
Gowong
- The moon.
times of bora or
Minemoorong
- Blackfellows'
war.
camp.
By the Bench op Magistrates, Dubbo.
Lightning -
- michi.
Aunt -
- bumal.
Uncle
- buggarnine.
Cousin
- mooningal.
By the Revd. J. Balfe, J. P., Booan Rivbb.
Uncle
- bugenrung.
Cousin
- woonaki.
Aunt -
- bunual.
Bt J. Cameron, Esq., Forbes, etc.
Boy •
- boori.
Forest oak -
- nying.
Girl - -
- migi.
Swamp oak
- billar.
Baby (male)
- boorinjal.
Pine-tree -
- kurra.
„ (female)
- migijul.
A scrub
- beergoo.
Kangaroo-rat
- keemung.
A plain
- goonigul.
Paddimellon
- weerung.
A creek
- beela.
Water-rat -
- mooeen.
Road -
- mooroo.
Mouse
- wuthagong.
Frost. -
- maggar.
Black snake
- thoorung.
A fight
- boomooloona.
Brown snake
- wurulung.
War -
- koori.
Iguana
- ngooreen.
Fishing-net
- kooli.
Teal -
- throoyong.
Flesh -
- jeen.
Magpie
- karoo.
Arms -
- buggur.
Crane -
- bara.
Stand -
- wurruna.
Codfish
- kooroolong.
Jump -
- broobeeja.
Bream
- koobeer.
Lay down •■
- wirrija.
Lightning -
- meegee.
Scold -
- nuburra.
Cloud
- urung.
Shed tears -
- umbena.
Box-tree -
- wooronglong.
Laugh
- keentnunna.
Gum-tree -
- yarra.
Never
- weddaboo.
The word Boomooloowi —fight, is evidently akin to a
common word meaning strike. From Sir George Grey's
Travels in North-west Australia, vol. 2, p. 212, we learn that
this word is rendered Pooma or Booma on the Swan Eiver,
Boomgur at King George's Sound, Poomandi in South Aus-
tralia, and Boonbilliko at Sydney.
366
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
By W. H. Suttoe, Esq.
Crane -
- burra.
Box-tree - - bimbil.
Curlew
- kooreebun.
Pine-tree - - kurra.
Dove — (large)
- mooragoo.
Bee (native) - dthurroongarong
(small)
- goobadthoo.
Honey- - - ngaroo.
Magpie
- garroo.
Mirage - - narroowai.
Pigeon (bronze-
yamniur.
A kiss - - - boodthrabulug-
wing)
goo.
Pigeon (squatter) dthood-thoo.
Coward - - gael-gael.
Plover -
- baldurrigeri.
Brave - - - woUungunmalla.
Wagtail
- djirri-djirri.
Sorry - - - noonidthung-
Bell-bird
- banbandarloo.
ninna.
Frog -
- koolanga.
Glad - - - gudthangthung-
Shrimp
- kidjar.
ninna.
Porcupine -
- quandialli.
Love - - - burrannungar-
Liver -
- gooraloong.
reree.
Knee -
boongong.
Laugh- - - ginthiuthintha.
Elbow -
• ngoona.
Tall - - - barrmir.
Arm -
- bargoor.
Short - - - boomban.
Shoulder
- kunnar.
Deaf - - - moogoodtha.
Rump -
- mogwoon.
Dumb - - - wirriyarra.
Uncle -
- buggamgan.
Blind - - - mogeen.
Aunt -
- bommall.
Angry- - - dthallibinnul.
Cousin
- oonaregein.
Imaginary animal, mirreeuUa.
Daughter -
■ ammoori.
said to live in
Lightning -
- mikki.
deep waterholes
Feather
- boobil.
Go on - - - euyunnundtha.
Tail -
- dooudoo.
What do you say? minnu andeyaeh
Snow -
- koonoomal.
Exclamation of yukkai !
A forest
- birgoo.
pain
A plain
- goonigul.
Crooked (see Boo- burrgan.
A river
- murrung.
merang)
River oak-tree
- bellarwi.
Straight (see Spear) dthoolooarree.
Plain turkey or gumbul.
bustard
By THE Weitbb.
Yooaba commonly spelt Udbha on the Lachlan.
Native companion pooralga.
Laughing jackass kokoburra.
Wood, tree - - gi-gul.
Stone - - - woUong.
Crayfish (small inka.
sort of)
Small burrowing moondo-bil-bi.
kangaroo
Darling cockatoo, wi-jug-a-la.
or Plyctolophus
Leadbeateri
Squatter pigeon - too-toot.
Mallee bird - - yoong-ai.
Prog - - - ko-lung-a.
Sow-thistle ■ - tool-ooman.
A hole in a stone woUong-mil; i.e.,
in which water stone eye.
collects
A hole in a tree gigul-mil; i.e.,
in which water wood eye.
collects, some-
times to the ex-
tent perhaps of
fifty gallons
PREFATORY REMARKS.
36^
Whilst giving the few words which the author rememhers
of the Wiiratheri language, he thinks it well to mention the
following fact connected with natural history. The native
bee was found on the banks of the Lachlan (and at
least five-and-twenty miles back from that river) as far as
the upper portion of the Uabba Run; but if a north and
south line were drawn through the stockyard of that run, no
hives existed to the westward of that line ; in fact, the bee
could not be found nearer than two or three miles to the
eastward of such line. This was often explained to me by
the Blacks who resided permanently on the station and kept
us supplied with honey. Why the bees ceased to be found
at that point — the country on one side of the north and
south line being exactly similar to that on the other —
whether they have since spread to the west, or have been
exterminated by our bees, are questions of interest.
By Chaeles Bybne, Esq.
Sou -
- ooraman.
Swim -
- yawinya.
Daughter* -
- amoor.
Strike
- bingictanaloo.
She* -
- ama.
Talk -
- yallaloo.
Girls -
- miggi.
When-
- wigengoo.
Husband
- moban.
Here -
- ena.
Riba -
- mar.
Neck -
- nan.
Many men -
- madoo mang.
Frog -
- koolunga.
Many women
- madoo bulla-
Opossum-cloak
- boothong.
garoo.
He -
- myla.
Come and swim
- thanganong.
Fall - -
- bunding.
Where ? -
- taggowa?
By G. R. H. i
Stttckey, Esq.
Girls -
- mulliwan.
Strike
- boomalgaree.
Husband
- hobaoQ.
Talk -
- yalla.
Ribs -
Neck -
- thaura.
- wooro.
Many men -
- mado main.
Frog -
- kolonga.
Many women
- mado buUagara.
Opossum-cloak
- buthong.
Come and swim
- thanuna kooma-
FaU -
- bondagee.
bakee.
Swim -
- koombakee.
Where ?
- thagwa ?
• In connection with thia word see the translation of treasts in Mr. Byrne's rendering
of the Common Vocabulary, a few pages on.
368
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— CASTLEREAGH RIVER, TALBRAGAR, MUDGEE.
By the Revd. J. Gunther.
Kangaroo -
bundur.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
willei.
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
merri.
3 Blacks -
.
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck
Pelican
Laughing jackass
gaumarran.
One -
Two -
Three -
Pour -
Father
- ngunbeer.
- bulla.
- bulla ngunbeer
- bulla bulla.
- babin.
Native companion
Mother
- gunnee, gunni-
White cockatoo
guarran.
bong.
Crow -
waggun.
Sister-Elder
- mimmi.
Swan -
dooudoo.
,, Younger
-
Egg -
gabbuga.
Brother-Elder
.
Track of a foot
Pish -
Lobster
Crayfish -
Mosquito -
Fly - -
durru.
dungur, gubbir.
gidyax.
inka.
muggin.
burremul.
„ Younger gumbul.
A young man - ugal.
An old man - derribung.
An old woman - ballagun.
A baby - - balli.
Snake -
yabba.
A White man
- gun wan.
The Blacks -
main.
Children -
- burri.
A Blackfellow -
Head -
- ballang.
A Black woman
innur.
Eye -
- mil.
Nose -
wooroo.
Ear -
- udda.
CASTLEREAGH RIVEE, TALBRAGAR, MUDGEE. 369
No. 190.— Castlereagh Rivbk,
Mouth - - ngnain, ngan.
Teeth - - - irrang.
Hair of the head - uran.
Beard - - - yarran.
Thunder - - murruburai.
Gras3 - - - buguin.
Tongue - - dallein.
Stomach - - ngurrui.
Breasts - - ngumorgang.
Thigh- - - bugu.
Foot . - - dinnung.
Bone - - - tubul.
Blood - - - gurru.
Skin - - - yulin.
Fat - - - duyon.
Bowels - - ngurrui.
Excrement - - dagu.
War-spear - - doolo.
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick - baduwur, bur-
gun.
Shield- - - marga.
Tomahawk - - burguin.
Canoe -
Sun - - ■ irrae.
Moon - - - giwang.
Star - . - girragulang.
Light - - - ngalum.
Dark - - - buddang.
Cold - - - buUudai.
Heat - - - munur, ugil.
Day - - - irrue, irndu.
Night - - - gurnuwai.
Fire - - - win.
Water - - kaUng.
Smoke - - gaddal.
Ground - - dagun.
Wind - - - girar.
Rain - - - milgi, kaling.
God (Maker) - bai-a-mai.
Ghosts - - duUubung.
VOL. ni. 2
Talbbagak, Mudgee — continued.
Boomerang -
Hill - - -
Wood - - - maddun.
Stone - - - wallung.
Camp - - - ngurang.
Yes - - - ngawa.
No - - - wirrai.
I ... ngunnal.
You -
Bark - - - gundai, murdai,
durang.
Good - - - murrong.
Bad - - - murrunubong.
Sweet- - - ngurru.
Food - - - wigge.
Hungry - - girrugul.
Thirsty
llat - - - duUi.
Sleep - - - yurrai, winya.
Driak - - - widjelli.
Walk - - - yanney.
See - - - ngunnai.
Sit .... winga.
Yesterday - - gumbui.
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the dagara main ?
Blacks?
I don't know - wirrai winanung-
unua.
Plenty - - murrawal.
Big - - - babbir.
Little - - - bubbai.
Dead - - - ballun.
By-and-by - - guayu.
Come on - - duiu yunna.
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
Wife -
A
370
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 190.— WARREN.
Compiled by C. Rottse, Esq., at the request op T. A. Beownb, Esq.,
Warben.
Compare harlc and camp in this vocabulary, and note the translations of
Where are the Blacks and I don't know, and the change in the word tugera.
Kangaroo -
womboin, bundar.
Hand -
- marra.
Opossum
willie.
2 Blacks -
- bulla mine.
Tame dog -
meerrie.
3 Blacks -
- bulla wonboy
Wild dog -
mine.
Emu -
oorin.
One -
- wonboy.
Black duck
bunthenbar.
Two -
- bulla.
Wood duck
gooneroo.
Three -
- bulla wonboy.
Pelican
beraya.
Laughing jackass
kookaburra.
Four -
- bungo.
Native companion brolga.
Father
- bubbeen.
White cockatoo -
murine.
Mother
- gunnie.
Crow -
worgan.
Sister-Elder
- borie.
Swan -
tundoo.
„ Younger
-
Egg - - -
koobagar.
Brother- Elder
- kulmine.
Track of a foot -
dramble.
,, Younger kargon.
Fish -
kookabul.
A young man
- burri.
Lobster
An old man-
- derribung.
Crayfish
inga.
An old woman
- bidgah.
Mosquito -
Fly -
moogin.
borimill.
A baby
- nabba.
Snake -
durong.
A White man
- kubbun, gibrigal
The Blacks -
mine.
ChUdren -
A Blackf ellow
mine.
Head -
- ballong.
A Black woman
ena.
Bye -
- mill.
Nose -
murroo.
Ear -
- outha.
WARREN.
3
No. 190. — "W &.-KBS.TS— continued.
Mouth
- milleen.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- erung.
Hill -
.
Hair of the head - gideong.
Wood -
- muthen.
Beard -
- yarran.
Stone -
- woUong.
Thunder -
- murraburri.
Camp -
- moorong.
Grass -
- bugin.
Yes -
- yarlo.
Tongue
- duUan.
No -
- wirri.
Stomach
- borbeen.
I
- naddo.
Breasts
- birrin.
You -
- indo.
Thigh -
- marowl.
Bark -
- moorong.
Foot -
- dinnong.
Good -
- murrumbung.
Bone -
- dubbul.
Bad -
- nunni.
Blood -
- goin.
Sweet -
- murrumbung.
Skin -
- uline.
Food -
- marrie.
Pat -
- wommo.
Hungry
- girrigall.
Bowels
- boorbeen.
Thirsty
- yalgo.
Excrement -
- guunong, duggan.
Eat -
- dullee.
War-spear -
- dilloo.
Sleep -
- euree.
Reed-spear -
- dureel.
Drink -
- werjellie.
Thro wing-stick
Shield -
- wommara(?).
- mirga.
Walk -
See -
- yannergee.
- naddoo.
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
- burgoin.
- murrin, wargin.
Sit -
- welya.
Sun -
- erie.
Yesterday -
- ninnigoori,
Moon -
- gowong.
To-day
- duUan.
Star -
- gerelong.
To-morrow -
- noorimgle.
Light -
- ear.
Where are the
tugera mine ?
Dark -
- muroong.
Blacks?
Cold -
- bolidi.
I don't know
nunna tugeraga
Heat -
- eribung.
Plenty
beerbiing.
Day -
- drangbung.
Big -
murowe.
Night -
- murongbung.
Little -
boobi.
Fire -
- wein.
Water
koUe, kuUeu.
Dead -
ballo.
Smoke
kuthel.
By-and-by -
duUan ereble.
Ground
duggan.
Come on
kowra.
Wind -
gera.
Milk - - ..
Eain - - -
walla.
Eaglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
wondoue;.
Wife -
371
2 A 2
372
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— DUBBO.
By Bench of Magistrates at Dubbo.
Kangaroo -
bundar.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
willie.
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
meerie.
moorooin.
womboinda.
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
- oonby.
- bulla.
Wood duck-
goonaroo.
Three -
- bulla oonby.
Pelican
berar.
Four -
- buUa bulla.
Laughing jackass
kookaburra.
Father
- bobbeen.
Native companion bralgan.
White cockatoo - mooran.
Crow - - - waagan.
Swan - - - thoonthoo.
Egg - - - koboca.
Mother
Sister-Elder
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
- koonee.
- boree.
- kulmine.
Track of a foot
turumbal.
„ Younger
Fish -
kooyabi.
A young man
- walloe.
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly -
Snake -
The Blacks -
ingar.
moggin.
burremal.
durong.
mine (main?).
An old man
An old woman
A baby
A White man
Children
- walline oogal
- moogeen.
- boobi, boori.
- gooen.
A Blackfellow
Head -
- buUong.
A Black woman
ennar.
Eye -
- mill.
Nose -
murrobar.
Ear -
- coda.
DUBBO.
373
No. 190. — DuBBo — continwd.
Mouth
- kuine.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- eerong.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head- kidjing.
Wood-
- muthum.
Beard -
- yarrin.
Stone -
- woUong.
Thunder
- murraburri.
Camp -
- oorong.
Grass -
- boogoin.
Yes -
- owaa.
Tongue
- talline.
No -
- weeri.
Stomach
- birrin.
I
- addu.
Breasts
- namong.
You -
- indo.
Thigh -
- boio.
Bark -
- thurrunag.
Foot -
- dinnong.
Good -
- murrembong.
Bone -
- thaban.
Bad - -
..
Blood -
- goin.
Sweet -
- murrumbar.
Skin - -
- uline.
Food -
- wega, dana.
Fat -
- woomo.
Hungry
- girrogal.
Bowels
- bourbiu.
Thirsty
- yalgoerung.
Excrement -
- tuggar.
Eat -
War-spear -
- thulo.
Reed-spear -
- dreel.
Sleep -
- eurie.
Throwing-stick
- womar.
Drink -
- weejerra.
Shield- -
.
Walk-
- yannauna.
Tomahawk -
- burgoin.
See -
- nayanya.
Canoe -
-
Sit -
- weeuya.
Sun -
- eeri.
Yesterday -
- uningwarra.
Moon -
- geewong.
To-day
- tharra.
Star -
- girralong.
To-morrow -
- mooroongal.
Light -
- mullan.
Where are the wuna mine ?
Dark -
- murroy.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- buUadi, tuggara.
I don't know
- wirri gulburra
Heat -
- kanambang.
Plenty
- maddo.
Day -
- eera.
Big -
- bamir.
Night -
Fire -
- nurrong.
- ween.
Little -
- boobi.
Water
- kalleen.
Dead -
- buUo.
Smoke
- kuddal.
By-and-by -
- tnllan.
Ground
- tagoon.
Come on
- kow-ai. .
Wind- -
- girrar.
Milk - -
-
Rain -
- kalleen.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
- biomar.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- wondong.
Wife -
-
374
THE AUSTRALIAN EACB :
No. 190. -WELLINGTON.
By H. Keightly, Esq., P.M.
Kangaroo -
womboyn.
Hand -
- mara.
Opossum
Willie.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
merrie.
3 Blacks -
.
Wild dog -
Emu -
ooron.
One -
- oonboyie.
Black duck -
boothenba.
Two -
- boola.
Wood duck -
goonaroong.
Three -
- boola oonboyie
Pelican
wonga wonga.
Four -
- muddo.
Laughing j ackass
kookoburra.
Father
- babee.
Native companion
bralgan.
Mother
- koonea.
White cockatoo
moorie.
Sister-Elder
- mingan.
Crow -
Swan -
waugan.
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
-
Egg -
kubboga.
Track of afoot
dianong
,, Younger kagong.
Fish -
gooeya.
A young man
- wallowie.
Lobster
An old man
- jreebung.
Crayfish
■ gidda.
An old woman
-
Mosquito -
- mogen.
A baby
- naba.
Ply -
- burrimal.
A White man
.
Snake
The Blacks -
• durong.
Children -
- yenarka.
A Blackf ellow
- bowie.
Head -
- balong.
A Black woman
- yenna.
Bye -
- mail.
Nose -
- moorotha.
Bar -
- woodtha.
WELLINGTON.
c
No. 190. — Wellington — continued
Mouth
- yerong.
Boomerang -
■
Teeth -
-
Hill -
-
Hair of the head wooran.
Wood
- mathen.
Beard -
- yarren.
Stone -
- woUong.
Thunder -
- moorabrie.
Camp -
- moorong.
Graas -
- boogen.
Yes -
- a-wa.
Tongue
- dallan.
No -■ -
- wiirai.
Stomach
- boorbye.
I
- athol.
Breasts
-
You -
- indoo.
Thigh- -
- booeyo.
Bark -
- doorong.
Foot -
- dinnong.
Good - -
- murrumbang.
Bone -
- thalbe.
Bad -
- eengel.
Blood -
- goine.
Sweet -
- wari-karbeen
Skin -
- uline.
ging (?)•
Pat -
- wanrnio.
Food -
- dinnong.
Bowels
- goonong.
Hungry
- yewarran.
Excrement -
- goona.
Thirsty
- galling.
War-spear -
- doolo.
Eat -
- dally.
Reed-spear -
- djreel.
Sleep -
- urey.
Thro wing-stick
- doora, mothen.
Drink -
- woodjalli.
Shield
- marga.
Walk -
- yaunangee.
Tomahawk -
- burgowen.
See -
_
Canoe
- wargung,manien.
Sit -
- whiga.
Sun -
Moon -
- yerly.
- ghucong.
Yesterday -
- wooroongal.
Star -
- gerrelong.
To-day
- dallung.
Light -
- nalgara.
To-morrow -
- wooroongal.
Dark -
- boothong.
Where are the
Cold - -
- ballathai.
Blacks?
Heat -
- erybong.
I don't know
- dagga ga.
Day -
-
Plenty
- murdo.
Night -
- oorong.
Big -
- moorowel.
Fire -
- wiin.
Little -
- boobye.
Water
- galling.
Dead -
- baalo.
Smoke
- kathel.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- dagoon.
Come on -
- thane, yenna.
Wind-
- geerach.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- gadle.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife - -
-
375
376
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
No. 190.— HILL END.
By Bench of Magistrates, Bathuest.
Kangaroo -
- wamboin.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum -
- willee.
2 Blacks -
»
Tame dog -
- miree.
3 Blacks -
_
Wild dog ■
-
One -
- miko.
Emu -
- nooree.
Two -
- buUagut.
Black duck -
- buthanbar.
Wood duck
- goonaroo.
Three -
- buUagut miko
Pelican
- wirria.
Four -
- bullagut-bulla
Laughing jackass kookoopara.
gut.
Native companion
Eather
- paupee.
White cockatoo
- moori.
Mother
- koonee.
Crow -
- wairoo.
Sister-Elder
- kaitee.
Swan -
• parama.
„ Younger
-
Egg - -
- kapooka.
Brother-Elder
_
Track of a foot
- tinna.
,, Younger kauka.
Eish -
- kooia.
Lobster
A young man
- kappara.
An old man
- tirreebong.
Crayfish
- wangar.
Mosquito -
- komogin.
An old woman
- mokee.
Ely -
- burrumil.
A baby
- burri.
Snake -
- turroo.
A White man
-
The Blacks -
- wattaka-allo.
Children
- murre-wangar
A Blaokfellow
- makkoo.
Head -
- pallan.
A Black woman
- moopoon.
Eye -
- mill.
Nose -
- mooroo.
Ear -
- outher.
HTT,T,
END.
37/
No. 190. — Hill End — continued.
Mouth
- nundle.
Boomerang •
Teeth -
- eeran.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- ouran.
Wood -
- mudlthen.
Beard -
- yarrie.
Stone -
- karool.
Thunder
- mooroopry.
Camp -
- nurru.
Grass -
- bugwee.
Yes -
- awa.
Tongue
- thallee.
No -
- wirri
Stomach
- boorbee.
I
■ nantoo.
Breasts
- toomoo.
You -
- nindoo.
Thigh -
-
Bark -
- durra.
Foot -
- thinna.
Good -
- yatama.
Bone -
- nimbee.
Bad -
wirri wideroo.
Blood - -
- koai.
Sweet -
- yatamah.
Skin -
- uUee.
Food -
- orattee, tinoorka.
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick
Shield-
- keal.
- tookar.
- murra.
- wairee.
- nirru.
- murka.
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk -
- nattoo, nairrokul.
- attopoodally.
- woorigerry.
- nairooka.
- yanna.
Tomahawk -
- burgoiee.
See -
- naikoo, pirroo.
Canoe -
- .
Sit -
- weeta.
Sun -
- eree.
Yesterday -
- kumpeera.
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
- kua.
- kirala.
- nurgan.
- nou.
- pallootai.
- yaukee.
- dranbar.
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
Plenty
- tallongo.
- kullnareta.
taiga unna mi
yanna murrani ?
- wirri.
- puTigoo.
Night -
- tuagra.
Big -
■ poimit.
Fire -
- wee.
Little -
- popaga.
Water
- kallee.
Dead -
■ pallonee.
Smoke
- puttho.
By-and-by -
- gumbirra.
Ground
- tookar.
Come on
dina.
Wind -
- girrard.
Milk -
Rain -
- uroo.
Eaglehawk -
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
- wonda.
Wife -
378
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— BATHURST.
By p. Foley,
Me. Foley relates that class-marriage existed in tlie tribes
about Bathurst, and that Ippe, Cumbo, Cubbi, and Murri
were the names of the classes. In this vocabularly may be
compared the equivalents of tongue, hungry, and eat, also
ghost and White man.
Kangaroo -
murrawai.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
kooragai.
2 Blacks -
- booliga mi.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
yukey.
3 Blacks -
One -
- booliga mugo mi
- mugo.
Emu -
Black duck -
nguree.
boothunba.
Two -
- booliga.
Wood duck
gonaro.
Three -
- booliga mugo.
Pelican
gurotha.
Four -
- booliga booliga.
Laughing jackass
kookoburra.
Father
■ puppa.
Native companion bralga.
Mother
- goonee.
White cockatoo -
mooroy.
Sister-Elder
- karta.
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - -
waugan.
keeneekin.
koboka.
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
- kugga.
Track of a foot
dinna.
„ Younger
Fish -
gooey a.
A young man
- nubingeri.
Lobster
An old man
- derriba.
Crayfish
An old woman
- werringa.
Mosquito -
- tirry.
A baby
- warro.
Fly -
Snake -
The Blacks ■
- booramul.
- undaba.
- mi.
A White man
Children -
- wonda.
- broy-ga.
A Blackf ellow
- mi.
Head -
- boUen.
A Black woman
- weener.
Eye -
- miU.
Nose -
- moorootha.
Bar -
- woodtha.
BATHURST.
37y
No; 190. — Bathubst — continued.
Mouth
■ willee.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- weera.
Hill -
Hair of the head
Wood -
- muthin.
Beard -
- geer.
Stone -
- kowral.
Thunder -
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
- mooroomba.
- gooroon.
- thuUe.
- boorbee.
Camp -
Yes -
No
I
- ngooroomba.
- youi.
- weeri.
- thu.
Breasts
Thigh -
Foot -
Bone -
- namo.
- tarra.
- dinna.
You -
Bark -
Good -
- indoo.
- mungur.
- murrumban.
Blood -
Skin -
- gooee.
- yuUn.
Bad ■
Sweet -
- warri.
Pat -
- wamo.
Food -
- wiggia.
Bowels
-
Hungry
- thuUerte.
Excrement -
- goona.
Thirsty
- kuUeete.
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stiok
Shield -
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
- moora
- moorabuther.
- beer.
- mutha.
- binjelly.
- kogee.
- thunee.
- guer.
Eat - -
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk -
See -
Sit -
Yesterday -
- thuUe.
- mooga.
- uarraga.
- yannine.
- nanee.
- weenga.
- kumberinyanna.*
Star -
- girilla.
To-day
- talun.
Light -
- wanee.
To-morrow -
- kumberin.
Dark -
- mugee.
Where are the
wontulee mi ?
Cold -
Heat -
- goonundurra.
Blacks?
I don't know
- weeri thu nanee. f
Day -
- talung.
Plenty
- baongo.
Night -
Fire -
- tarungero.
- wee.
Big - ■
Little -
- bupa.
- boothoo.
Water -
- kallee.
Dead -
- bookago.
Smoke
- bombillee.
By-and-by -
- taloongery.
Ground
- tagoon.
Come on
- yanna.
Wind -
- boorooma.
Milk -
Rain -
- goonda.
Eaglehawk -
God -
- biam.
Wild turkey
Ghosts
- woolawoonda.
Wife -
-
' Literally to-morrow gone.
t I/iterally not I seen.
380
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— BOGAN RIVER.
By the Revd. J. Balfe, J.P.
Kangaroo -
- womboi.
Opossum
- Willi.
Tame dog -
- meri.
Wild dog -
-
Emu -
- coring.
Black duck-
- buttranda
Wood duck-
- goonaroo.
Pelican
-
Laughing jackass kocoburra
Native companion bralgan.
White cockatoo
- moori.
Crow -
- waugan.
Swan -
- doondoo.
Egg - -
- kabuga.
Track of a foot
- dina.
Fish -
- koiya.
Lobster
- inka.
Crayfish
-
Mosquito -
- mokiu.
Ply .
- boremul.
Snake -
- touru.
The Blacks -
- mien.
A Blackfellow
- matu.
A Black woman
-
Nose -
- mooroo.
Hand -
- murra.
2 Blacks -
-
3 Blacks -
-
One -
-
Two -
- buUar.
Three -
- buUungabi.
Four -
-
Father
- babena.
Mother
- gunene.
Sister-Elder
- pate.
„ Younger
Brother-Elder
- kaka.
,, Younger
A young man
- buguragau.
An old man
- karawa (?).
An old woman
- karawa (?).
A baby
- boobi.
A White man
-
Children -
- boori.
Head -
- bula.
Eye - -
- meel.
Ear -
- outa.
BOGAN RIVER.
381
No. 190. — BoGAN River — continued
Mouth
- mandool.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- errung.
Hill -
.
Hair of the head- pearu.
Wood -
- muthung.
Beard -
- yarrmg.
Stone -
- warlung.
Thunder -
- mooroobari.
Camp -
- murrung.
Grass -
-
Yes -
- awa.
Tongue
- tuUing.
No -
- weeri.
Stomach
- burrabung.
I
.
Breasts
- here.
You -
- Indoo.
Thigh -
- bouan.
Bark -
- toorung.
Foot -
- tennar.
Good -
- murrumban.
Bone -
- tabul.
Blood - -
- gafin.
Bad -
- yiugil.
Skin -
- milkar.
Sweet -
Food -
- weki.
Fat -
- warmoo.
Bowels
-
Hungry
- marang
Excrement -
- tunga.
Thirsty
- kanuna.
War-spear -
- tooloo.
Eat -
- tale.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- uri.
Throwing-stick
- buragau.
Drink -
- weejali.
Shield -
- mooraka.
Walk -
- yanagare.
Tomahawk -
- towane.
See -
- nakeri.
Canoe -
- mure.
Sit -
- weekere.
Sun - -
- erai.
Yesterday -
■ kaluane.
Moon -
- kewa.
To-day
- kalbeau.
Star -
- kerela.
To-morrow -
Light -
-
Where are the tagua mien 2
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold - -
- buUuti.
I don't know
- takaka.
Heat -
- kuna.
Plenty
- mootoo.
Day -
- keranba,
Big -
- mootoo.
Night -
- muring.
Little -
- bubi.
Fire -
- ween.
Dead -
- kalo.
Water
- kalle.
Smoke
- kathul.
By-and-by -
- koin.
Ground
" takoon.
Come on -
- tiana.
Wind -
- kerare.
MUk -
-
Rain -
■■ murra.
Eaglehawk -
-
God (Creator)
- muka.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- wonda.
Wife -
-
382
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— SOURCES OF BOGAN RIVER.
By Bench of Magistrates, Oblet.
Kangaroo -
womboi.
Opossum
willie.
Tame dog -
murria.
Wild dog -
Emu -
noodi.
Black duck-
boothurd.
Wood duck-
goonaroo
Pelican
birai.
Laughing jackass
go-oo-burra.
Native companion booralga.
White cockatoo -
moorai.
Crow -
waagin.
Swan -
dundoo.
Egg - - -
kabooga.
Track of a foot -
dinung.
Fish -
gooia.
Lobster
Crayfish
inga.
Mosquito -
moogin.
Fly - - -
boorimal.
Snake - - -
thorung.
The Blacks -
maing.
A Blackfellow -
A Black woman -
aneer.
Nose - - -
moorooda.
Hand -
- murra.
2 Blacks -
- bulla maing.
3 Blacks -
-
One -
- muggo.
Two -
- buUager.
Three -
- bulla muggo.
Four -
- buUagerbullager
Father
- baa-baa.
Mother
- gunnee.
Sister-Elder
- gaadee.
,, Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- gaagaa.
„ Younger
A young man
- walwaa.
An old man
- dirraba.
An old woman
- moogamar.
A baby
- geringa.
A White man
-
Children -
- booridella.
Head -
- balling. ^
Eye -
- mil.
Ear -
• wooda.
SOURCES OP BOGAN RIVER,
383
No.
190. — Sources of Bogan Rivbk — continued.
Mouth
- gamdal.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- weera.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heac
- wooran.
Wood-
- ma-a-dan.
Beard -
- yarring.
Stone -
- gerroal.
Thunder -
- moorabri.
Camp -
- mirang.
Grass
- gooran.
Yes -
- youai.
Tongue
- daaling.
No - -
- weerai.
Stomach
- booridi.
I
- imingdoo.
Breasts
- ngamo.
You -
■ nagdoo.
Thigh
- darnung.
Bark -
- mingar.
Foot -
- deenul.
Good -
- murrunbar.
Bone -
- nimby.
Bad -
- warrdi.
Blood -
- goine.
Sweet -
- nati.
Skin -
• youling.
Food -
- dinug.
Fat -
-
Hungry
-
Bowels
- baarm.
Thirsty
- bingina.
Excrement -
- dagga.
Eat -
- dalla.
War-spear -
- moora.
Sleep -
- mugga-yonda
Eeed-spear -
- dethreel.
Drink -
- narruga.
Throwing-stick
Shield-
Tomahawk -
Canoe-
Sun -
Moon -
- bulga.
• murga.
- waggar.
- marrin.
- dimie.
- geewa.
Walk -
See -
Sit - -
Yesterday -
To-day
- yanna.
- naga.
- weeda.
- wamgarril.
Star -
Light -
- gerrilla.
- nallin.
To-morrow -
Where are the
Dark -
- nou.
Blacks?
Cold -
- goonundi.
I don't know
-
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire -
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind- -
Rain -
- wee-wee.
- doonagal.
- boorindal.
- we-ing.
- kalling.
- bodo.
- dalgan.
- geerar.
- nagdora.
Plenty
Big -
Little -
Dead -
By-and-by -
Come on
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
- bongo.
- binal.
- boobi.
- balloni.
- dillin.
- diana.
God - -
- baa baa.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- goonidar.
Wife -
-
384
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— CARCOAR.
By Bench of Magisteates, Bathuest.
In this vocabulary the reader may compare fire and wood, also harh and
cam/p.
Kangaroo -
womboin.
Opossum
Willi.
.Tame dog -
mirra.
Wild dog -
Emu -
orruin.
Black duck
Wood duck
oonaloo.
Pelican
Laughing jackass
koguburra.
Native companion brolgan.
White cockatoo -
mooriou.
Crow - - .
wargan.
Swan - - -
dundu.
Egg - - -
gobooga.
Track of a foot -
murru.
Fish - -
kooia, gooia
Lobster
Crayfish
inga.
Mosquito -
mogan.
Fly - - -
Snake - - -
dooruon.
The Blacks -
mane.
A Blaokfellow -
mane.
A Black woman -
inner.
Nose . - -
mooroo.
Hand -
- murra.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
-
One -
- ongbee.
Two -
- bulla.
Three -
- bulla ongbee
Four -
- bulla bulla.
Father
- bubba.
Mother
- goouee.
Sister-Elder
- borigan.
„ Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- ngamin.
Younger
A young man
-
An old man
- jerribong.
An old woman
- moogin.
A baby
-
A White man
-
Children -
- boorion.
Head -
-
Eye -
- miU.
Ear -
- woodtha.
CARCOAR.
No, 190.— Carcoar— continued.
Mouth
- nnn.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- errian.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head - woorian.
Wood -
- ween.
Beard -
-
Stone -
- wallung.
Thunder
- burri-burri.
Camp -
- wooran.
Grass -
- ugga.
Yes -
- yalla.
Tongue
- oollan.
No -
- wiirai.
Stomach
- unbin.
I
- uadthu.
Breasts
- ammung.
You -
- indoo.
Thigh
- booia.
Bark -
- oorung.
Toot -
- giimong.
Good -
- murrumba.
Bone -
- thuban.
Bad -
- ingee.
Blood -
- oomung.
Sweet -
-
Skin -
- uUung.
Food - -
- dungun.
Fat -
- wommoo.
Hungry -
- urung.
Bowels
-
Thirsty
- weegelly.
Excrement -
- thugga.
Eat - - ,.,
- dunung.
War-spear -
- dooloo.
Sleep -
- yooai.
Eeed-spear -
- jerril.
Drink -
- weegelly.
Throwing-stick
- umuthin.
Walk -
- unargin.
Shield
- murriga.
See -
- argie.
Tomahawk -
- dowin.
Sit
- weegil.
Canoe -
- murrin.
Sun -
- erin.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- guar.
To-day
-
Star -
- eeilong.
To-morrow -
-
Light -
- erin.
Where are th«
i thugga mane
Dark -
- urra.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- undung.
I don't know
- weedi.
Heat -
- oogil.
Plenty
- mardu.
Day -
- erin.
Big - -
- munung.
Night r
- urra.
Little -
- bobian.
Fire -
- ween.
Dead -
- booloo.
Water
- kalli.
Smoke
- kudthul.
By-and-by -
- yoian.
Ground
- oogoon.
Come on
- burri.
Wind
- unadtha.
Milk -
-
Rain - ' -
- ullin.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- geer.
Wife - -
-
VOL. III.
2
B
385
386
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 190.— FORBES AND THE LEVELS.
Br J. Cameron, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- wamboine.
Hand -
Opossum -
- Willi.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
- mirrie.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
Emu -
- ngooreen.
One -
Black duck
- womboolgul.
Two -
Wood duck
- goonaroong.
Three -
Pelican
-
Four
Laughing jackass googoobra.
Father
Native companion brallgan.
Mother
White cockatoo
- moorein.
Sister-Elder
Crow -
- wagun.
„ Younger -
Swan -
- thoondoo.
Brother-Elder -
Egg -
-
Track of a foot
..
„ Younger
Fish -
-
A young man
walli.
Lobster
-
An old man
jeerabung
Crayfish
-
An old woman -
mooggun.
Mosquito -
-■
A baby
Fly -
Snake -
~
A White man
gooing.
The Blacks -
- miing.
Children -
A Blaokfellow
- moing.
Head -
buUung.
A Black woman
- muth.
Eye -
mill.
Nose •
- moorooltha.
Ear -
FORBES AND THE LEVELS.
387
No.
190. — Forbes and i
Mouth
- ngiing.
Teeth -
- eering.
Hair of the head
- geeyung.
Beard -
- yarreen.
Thunder -
- mooroobri.
Grass -
- boogeen.
Tongue
-
Stomach
- boorbin.
Breasts
- beergin.
Thigh -
- thurung.
Foot -
- jeenung.
Bone -
- thubbul.
Blood - -
-
Skin -
- yulung.
Pat -
-
Bowels
-
Excrement -
-
War-spear -
- thooloo.
Reed-spear - .
- jereel.
Throwing-stick
-
Shield -
- marga.
Tomahawk -
- thowingjdowLng.
Canoe -
-
Sun -
- yuri.
Moon -
- kooiyung.
Star -
- girelong.
Light -
-
Dark -
-
Cold -
- boolathoora.
Heat -
-
Day - -
- yuriboggra.
Night -
- ngooroong.
Fire -
- wiin.
Water
- kullung.
Smoke
-
Ground
- thugoon.
Wind- -
- mooroolburra.
Rain -
- uburra.
God -
-
Ghosts
-
THE Levels — cmitimiM.
Boomerang -
- burgun.
Hill -
-
Wood -
- geegul.
Stone -
- wallung.
Camp -
- ngoorung.
Yes -
- ngooa.
No -
- widdi or widdai
I
-
You -
-
Bark -
Good -
-
Bad -
-
Sweet -
Food -
-
Hungry
-
Thirsty
-
Eat -
-
Sleep -
- wirrinya.
Drink -
-
Walk -
- yanana.
See -
- ngana.
Sit - -
-
Yesterday -
-
To-day
■
To-morrow -
-
Where are
the
Blacks?
I don't know
-
Plenty
-
Big -
-
Little -
Dead -
-
By-and-by -
-
Come on
-
Milk -
-
Eaglehawk -
- maleyan.
Wild turkey
- gumbull.
Wife -
- mooban.
2B 2
388
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— CANDOBLIN.
By W. H. Suttob, Esq.
In this vocabulary the reader may compare tongue, food, and eat; also
breasts and milk. Burgan = hoomerang also signifies crooked, as has been
seen in the Additional Words given by Mr. Suttor. The equivalents of
thirsty and water are related terms. Families is this neighbourhood have
totems or yoolo with which they mark trees around the graves of their
dead and also their opossum-rugs. One of these is the carpet snake.
Kangaroo -
- womboin.
Hand -
murra.
Opossum
- weelee.
2 Blacks -
- bulla mi-een.
Tame dog -
- mirree.
3 Blacks -
_
Wild dog -
-
One -
- unbi.
Emu -
- ngurooin.
Black duck -
- boorangwong.
Two
- bulla.
Wood duck-
- goonarrong.
Three -
- bulla unbi.
Pelican
- birriga.
Four -
- bulla bulla.
Laughing jackass- kookooburra.
Father
- bobeen.
Native companion brolgan.
Mother
- goonnee.
White cockatoo
- mooreiu.
Crow -
- waagan.
Sister-Elder
- mingan.
Swan -
- dthoouthoo.
„ Younger
-
Egg - -
- kooboocaw.
Brother-Elder
- kuhnine.
Track of a foot
- mooroo.
,, Younger kargine
Pish -
- gooya.
A young man
- walwye.
Lobster
-
An old man
- djirrebong.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly . .
- inka.
- booreema.
An old woman
A baby
- dtharboogong
- boobi, boori
Snake -
- dthoroong.
A White man
- kooeen.
The Blacks -
- mi-een.
Children -
- madoo boori.
A Blackf ellow
- unbi mi-een.
Head -
- ballong.
A Black woman
- eena.
Eye -
- mill.
Nose -
- moorootha.
Ear -
- woodtha.
CANDOBTrTN.
389
No. 1%.— Canboblis— continued.
Mouth
- willing.
Boomerang -
- burrgan.
Teeth -
- eerung.
Hill -
- djirran.
Hair of the head- woorung.
Wood- • -
- geegul.
Beard
- yarrain.
Stone -
-
Thunder -
- moorooboori.
Camp -
- ngooroong.
Grass
- boogween.
Yes -
- awa.
Tongue
- dthallain.
No - -
- weeri.
Stomach
- boorbeen.
I
- nadthoo.
Breasts
■ amoo.
You -
- indoo.
Thigh -
- boyou.
Bark -
- dthoorung.
Foot -
- djinnung.
Good -
• marrumbong.
Bone -
- dthabbul.
Bad -
• ingeel.
Blood -
- quoin.
Sweet -
- adthai.
Skin -
- yoolin.
Food -
- dthallee.
Fat -
- wammoo.*
Hungry
- ngoorain.
Bowels
- birrien.
Thirsty
- kalleentha.
Excrement -
- dthugga.
Eat -
- dthalleentha.
War-spear -
- mell, dtholoo.
Sleep -
- eurai.
Reed-spear -
- djereel.
Drink -
- weejallee.
Throwuig-stick
- wommera.
Walk -
- yannaigu.
Shield
- geerin-geerin,
See -
- gnaagee.
murga.
Sit -
- boorai.
Tomahawk -
- gooroowa, mool-
Yesterday -
- dthallung-ingor-
ooga.
eiu.
Canoe -
- marreen.
To-day
- dthallung.
Sun -
- eera.
To-morrow -
- dthallung ngar-
Moon -
- kewong.
reigiree.
Star -
■ gerrulong.
Where are the
dthargwa mieen ?
Light -
- bundthure.
Blacks ?
Dark -
- ngooroong.
I don't know
- weeri adjnng-
Ck)ld -
- baludthai.
nein.
Heat -
- oogil.
Plenty
- maddoo.
Day -
- dthallon.
Big -
- biunale.
Night -
- ngooroong.
Little -
- winnunga.
Fire -
- ween.
Dead -
- balloongein.
Water
- kaleen.
By-aud-by -
- dthallung book-
Smoke
- kadthong.
ulbirrie.
Ground
- dthargwoon.
Come on
- dthanganna.
Wind-
- keeraa.
Milk -
- amoo.
Kain -
- eurong.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
- by-um-mee.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- gooindthar.
Wife -
-
* Should be spelt wommoo.—E. M. C.
390
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— WALJBERS.
By J. E. Peakcb, Esq., P.M.
Kangaroo -
- womboine.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
- willie.
2 Blacks -
- bulla mingoo.
Tame dog ■
- mirry.
3 Blacks -
- bulla kooinebine
Wild dog -
-
mingoo.
Emu -
- knunowne.
One -
- kooinebine.
Black duck -
- buthenbang.
Two -
- bulla.
Wood duck -
- kunmoinung.
Three -
- bulla kooinebine.
Pelican
- peneya.
Four -
- bulla bulla.
Laughing jackass kookooburry.
Father
- babine.
Native companion buralyang.
White cockatoo - moouine.
Mother
- loonea.
Crow -
- wargine.
Sister-Elder
- boo-ne-gun (?).
Swan -
- thunthoo.
,, Younger
-
Egg - -
- kabogie.
Brother-Elder
- kulmine.
Track of a foot
- yup-pang.
,, Younger
Fish -
- gooian.
A young man
- bog-gone-gune.
Lobster
- inkka.
An old man -
- gunebang.
Crayfish
-
An old woman
- billa-gune.
Mosquito -
- mogin.
A baby
- booie.
Fly -
- boorewal.
Snake -
- thanogie.
A White man
-
The Blacks -
- miugoo.
Children -
- poopoe.
A Blackfellow
- mingoo.
Head -
- buUang.
A Black woman
- yin-na-na.
Eye -
- mill.
Nose -
- noo-noo.
Ear -
- wooda.
WALJEERS.
ijyi
No. 100.— Waljeurs— continued.
Mouth
- knine.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- yinna.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
7 woonuna.
Wood - -
- thuUo thuUo.
Beard -
Thunder -
Grass -
Tongue
- yamgnine.
- mooroobuny
- bugone.
- thalline.
Stone -
Camp -
Yes - -
- wollong.
- wurang.
- knowan.
Stomach
- boorbin.
No
- wh'y.
Breasts
Thigh -
- knagmong.
- thanung.
I
Yon -
- knathu.
- knindu.
Foot -
- jinnung.
Bark - -
- thurung.
Bone -
- thalpang.
Good -
- morombang.
Blood -
-
Bad - -
- noonie.
Skin - -
- yuline.
Sweet -
_
Pat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
B«ed-spear -
- womme.
- buUbene.
- thug-ga.
- thul-loo.
- jereal.
Food -
Hungry
Thirsty
Bat -
- thulgiarri.
- knirane.
- thallee.
Throwing-stick
Shield
- wammare.
- minegar.
Sleep -
Drink -
- weethalle.
Tomahawk -
- thawing. ■
Walk -
- yanoogie.
Canoe -
-
See -
- knagie.
Sun -
- yeerie.
Sit - -
- weeagie.
Moon -
- gawung.
Yesterday -
- Tiing-u-nine.
Star - -
- kinalung.
To-day
- thalyenil.
Light -
- knullung.
To-morrow -
-
Dark -
- knumune.
Where are the togwannimingoo
Cold - -
- booloothie.
Blacks?
Heat -
- willan.
I don't know
- werylie knagie.
Day -
- kalenike.
Plenty
- muttoo.
Night -
- kalekoondoo.
Big -
- moonoon.
Fire -
- ween.
Little -
- bobbi.
Water
- kallun.
Dead -
- boolo.
Smoke
- kodthul.
By-and-by -
- goo-i-yoo.
Ground
- thogun.
Come on
-
Wind -
- thowurra.
Milk - -
-
Eain -
- urone.
Baglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
.
392
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— WAGGA WAGGA.
By Henry Bayles, Esq., P.M.
During five-and-forty years' observation of the native names of places,
I have noticed a tendency to spell with an a sounds which phonetically
should have been spelt with an o. In such oases, however, the a used to
be pronoimced o, and so the proper sound was preserved ; but of late years
such is no longer the case. When I first heard of the place to which this
vocabulary belongs it was called Wwwga Wawga; as often pronounced at
present it would rhyme with quagga.
Kangaroo -
womboin.
Hand -
- marra.
Opossum
willie.
2 Blacks -
- boola miin.
Tame dog -
merrie
3 Blacks -
' boola oonbi miin
Wild dog -
One -
- oonbi.
Emu -
oorooin.
Black duck -
poothanbang.
Two -
- boola.
Wood duck-
koonaaroo.
Three -
- boola oonbi.
Pelican
koolay karlie.
Four -
- boola boola.
Laughing jackass kokoparra.
Father
- mama.
Native oompaniori
pooralgun.
Mother
- koon-nee.
White cockatoo -
moorau.
Sister-Elder
- boregun.
Crow -
wagga.
„ Younger
_
Swan -
toondoo.
Brother-Elder
- aulbomun.
Egg - -
Track of a foot
■ kapooka,
- yabbuck.
,, Younger
Fish -
- kooeya.
A young man
- nurmi.
Lobster
dookami.
An old man
- beejel.
Crayfish
- yingar.
An old woman
- bullargun.
Mosquito -
- kummoon.
A baby
- boori.
Fly - -
- bookga.
A White man
- gohone.
Snake -
The Blacks -
- miin.
Children -
- matoo boori.
A Blackfellow
■ oonbi miin.
Head -
- bul-lun.
A Black woman
■ yeenan.
Eye -
- mil.
Nose -
- mooroota.
Ear -
- woorum.
WAGGA WAGGA.
393
No. 190.— Wagga WAOoA—contimted.
Mouth
- yerang.
Boomerang
-
Teeth -
- nyun.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
"
Wood-
- khegul.
Beard -
- yarra.
Stone -
- woUa.
Thunder -
- mooroo
mooroolbri.
Camp ■
- oorong.
Grass -
- pooarroo.
Yes -
- nga.
Tongue
- duUi.
No
- weeri.
Stomach
- poorbin.
I
- ahtoo.
Breasts
- tarra.
You -
- indoo.
Thigh
- tarrang.
Bark -
- toori.
Foot -
- geenung.
Good -
- murrumbang
Bone -
- tuppul.
Bad -
■ y™gi. yingil.
Blood -
- quoin.
Sweet
- ngattee.
Skm -
- ulie.
Food -
- tungi, tallee.
Fat -
Bowels
- wommoo.
- keel.
Hungry
- arran.
Excrement -
- tallun.
Thirsty '
- weedallee.
War-spear -
- toolook.
Eat -
- tulli.
Reed-spear -
- teereel.
Sleep -
- yoori.
Throwing-stiok
- wammnr.
Drink -
- weetallee.
Shield
- goorul-luk.
Walk -
- yanni.
Tomahawk -
- towie.
See -
- nyarga.
Canoe -
- murrin.
Sit -
- waada.
Sun -
- yeri.
Yesterday
- yaandoo.
Moon -
- kewung.
To-day
- tallahnyeri.
Star -
- meemar.
To-morrow
- orogul.
Light -
- nallun.
Where are
the tagua miin ?
Dark -
- booroonda.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- buUoodi.
Heat -
- yeri moonum.
I don't know - weeri.
Day -
- nargun.
Plenty
- matool.
Night -
- tamboolba.
Big -
- moorodi.
Fire -
- ween.
Little -
- boobi.
Water
- karlee, karlin.
Dead -
- biloon.
Smoke
- kartul.
By-and-by
- quioo.
Ground
tahgoon.
Come on
- tanyinna.
Wind-
towra.
Milk -
-
Rain -
euro.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
394
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— YANKO, URANA, BILLEBONG, AND JERRILDERIE.
By Lachlan McLean, Esq.
Kangaroo -
womboi.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
Willi.
2 Blacks -
- bulla boori.
Tame dog -
middi.
3 Blacks -
- bulla imbi boori
Wild dog -
One -
- moonbi.
Emu -
woorin.
Black duck -
wumbulgal.
Two -
- bulla.
Wood duck
goonaroo.
Three -
- bulla imbi.
Pelican
gooligalli.
Pour -
- martoo.
Laughing jackass
goo-goo-burra.
Father
- mama.
Native companion
White cockatoo ■
booranga.
korina.
Mother
- gooni.
Crow -
wogra.
Sister-Elder
- meengan.
Swan -
toondoo.
„ Younger
-
Egg - -
gubbago.
Brother-Elder
- galgal.
Track of a foot
mooro.
„ Younger
Fish -
giya.
A young man
- eera mooro.
Lobster
An old man
- jerubang.
Crayfish
Mosquito ■
Fly -
murrami.
moogin.
booriman.
An old woman
A baby
- durroogang.
- boori.
Snake
dooroom.
A White man
- gooin.
The Blacks -
- mein.
Children
• boorityela.
A Blaokfellow
boori.
Head -
- buUang.
A Black woman
bulagero.
Eye -
■ mill.
Nose -
- moorooda.
Ear -
- coda.
YANKO, URANA, BILLEBONG, JERRILDERIE.
395
No. 190. — Yanko, Ueana, Billebong, and Jekrildekie— coreimwec?.
Mouth
- mein.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- eeran.
Hill -
.
Hair of the head ooran.
Wood-
- geegal.
Beard
- yarrang.
Stone -
- woUa.
Thunder -
- moorobri.
Camp-
- woorang.
Grass
- boogaroo.
Yes -
- wa.
Tongue
Stomach -
- dallang.
- daddo.
No -
- wirri.
Breasts
- geen.
I
- nadoo.
Thigh
- danang.
You -
- neendu.
Foot -
- jeenang.
Bark -
- doorang.
Bone -
- dubbal.
Good -
- murrumbang.
Blood -
- goon.
Bad -
- nauni.
Skin -
- yulin.
Sweet
- wuttu.
Fat -
- womo.
Pood -
- dungan.
Bowek
- koliuga.
Hungry -
- narran.
Excrement -
- goonna.
Thirsty -
- gallinginda.
War-spear -
- dooloo.
Eat -
- dalli.
Reed-spear-
- jeereed.
Sleep -
Thro wing-stick
- wummera.
Drink-
- widgelli.
Shield
- geerung, geera.
Walk -
- yannagi.
Tomahawk-
- mobi.
Canoe
- murri.
See -
- naagi.
Sun -
- eery.
Sit -
- weegi.
Moon -
- gubbata.
Yesterday -
- woonoongulgalla
Star -
- meema.
To-day
- dallan.
Light -
- dumboola.
To-morrow
- woorongool.
Dark -
- ooroong.
Where are
the daggan mein ?
Cold -
- buUoogi. ,
Blacks ?
Heat -
- oogin.
I don't know
- wirra winanga.
Day -
- eenba.
Plenty
- maddoo.
Night
- woorung.
Big - -
- mooring.
Fire -
- ween.
Little -
- borbuttya.
Water
-gum.
Dead -
- balimgi.
Smoke
- gutta.
By-and-by -
- goyoo.
Ground
- dagoo.
Come on -
- dandinya.
Wind
- dara.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- yarong.
Eaglehawk-
God - -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
396
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 190— DENILIQUIN.
By G. A. Gordon, Esq., P.M.
See hahy and egg in this vocabulary.
Kangaroo -
womboin.
Hand -
■ murra.
Opossum
willee.
2 Blacks -
bulla moing.
Tame dog -
mirry.
3 Blacks -
bulla ongbee
Wild dog -
moing.
Emu -
ginabun.
One -
- ongbee.
Black duck
wombulgal.
Two -
bul-la.
Wood duck
koonaroo.
Three -
■ bul-la ongbee
Pelican
koolagally.
Pour -
bulla bulla.
Laughing jackass
kookaburra.
Father
babeen.
Native companion
booralgon.
Mother
- gonee.
White cockatoo
mooran.
Sister-Elder
mingan.
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - - ■
Track of a foot
Pish -
waagon.
dhundu.
kabooga.
yabong.
gooya.
„ Younger
Brother-Elder
,, Younger
A young man
- kaghan.
- wal-looee.
Lobster
thugamong.
An old man
- beedar.
Crayfish
moorogonong.
An old woman
- tharbogang.
Mosquito
Fly - - -
Snake ■
The Blacks -
A Blaokfellow
mogin.
boree-mol.
duru.
moing.
moing.
A baby
A White man
Children
Head -
■ kabooga.
- kaban.
boori.
- balong.
A Black woman -
yenur.
Eye -
- mil.
Nose -
moTOoda.
Ear -
- woda.
DENILIQUIN.
No. 190.— BBmuctvm— continued.
Mouth
■ ngang.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- yerong.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head- worun.
Wood ■
- geegal.
Beard -
- yarang.
Stone -
- wallung.
Thunder ■
- moro-bri.
Camp -
- walli.
Grass -
- bo-gung.
Yes - -
- uga.
Tongue
- thalang.
No -
- weri.
Stomach
- burbin.
I-
■ uddu.
Breasts
- ang-mung.
You -
- gneandoo.
Thigh -
- boyoo.
Bark -
- duran.
Foot -
- tinung.
Good -
- marromban.
Bone -
- dabul.
Bad -
- yeangil.
Blood -
- gomurr.
Sweet -
- naddee.
Skin -
- ulung.
Food -
- dhahgang.
Fat -
- wamo.
Hungry
- ngaran.
Bowels
- kalleenga.
Thirsty
- kalleenin.
Excrement -
- goouung.
Bat -
- dallee.
War-spear ■
- dolo.
Sleep -
- ure.
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick
- wamur.
Drink -
- weejally.
Shield -
- geran {g hard).
Walk -
- yanagee.
Tomahawk -
- thawin.
See -
- ngagee.
Canoe -
- koonadan.
Sit -
- weeja.
Sun -
- yeree.
Yesterday -
- neangorang.
Moon -
- ka-bo-da.
To-day
- dalun.
Star - . -
- mimma.
To-morrow -
- nooronggal.
Light -
- ngalun.
Where are the
thaga moing ?
Dark -
- burroondang.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- balloody.
I don't know
- ne-ag.
Heat -
- wogil.
Plenty
- madoo.
Day -
- eeree.
.
Night -
- burrondang.
Big -
Little -
- monun.
- bobi.
Fire -
- waing.
Water
- kaling.
Dead -
- baalo.
Smoke
- kadul.
By-and-by -
- goau.
Ground
- dagun.
Come on
- thanunya.
Wind -
- thawarra.
Milk -
Bain -
- urang.
Eaglehawk -
God -
- buy-a-mee.
Wild turkey
Ghosts
- kab-ba.
Wife -
397
398
THE AUSTBALIAN RACE;
No. 190.— HOWLONG.
By Chakles Byknb, Esq.
Kangaroo -
wamboyne.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum
Willie,
2 Blacks -
- bulla gowing
Tame dog -
merrie.
3 Blacks -
- bulla oonbee
Wild dog -
gowing.
Emu -
moorung.
One -
- oonbee.
Black duck -
poothenba.
Two -
- buUa.
Wood duck
goonaroo.
Three -
- bulla oonbee.
Pelican
gulegalu.
Laughing jackass
googooburra.
Pour -
- bulla bulla.
Native companion
bralgan.
Pather
- mamoo,
White cockatoo ■
warriema.
Mother
- gunnee.
Crow -
warroo.
Sister-Elder
- mingong.
Swan -
thundoo.
„ Younger
-
Egg ■ -
kobogong.
Brother-Elder
- kaiong,
Track of a foot
,, Younger
Pish -
gooi-ya.
A young man
- wallie.
Lobster
Crayfish
mooragonong.
An old man
- jerribong.
Mosquito -
mogin.
An old woman
- terboga.
Fly -
A baby
- kaboga.
Snake -
doorong.
A White man
- gooin.
The Blacks
main.
Children
-
A Blackf ellow -
gowing.
Head -
■
A Black woman -
baragooroo.
Eye -
- mill.
Nose -
marrooda.
Ear - -
- woodtha.
HOWLONG.
399
Mouth
Teeth -
Hair of the head -
Beard -
Thunder
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
Breasts
Thigh -
Foot -
Bone -
Blood ■
Skin - -
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Thro wing-stick
Shield
Tomahawk -
Canoe
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark ■ ' -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire -
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind -
Rain -
God -
Ghosts
No. 190.—:
nayn.
yeran.
urun.
yaring.
marroobara.
bogima.
boorigin.
among.
boogol. .
ginnong,
jabul.
gooma.
oolang.
wammoo.
kolling-gong,
goonoo.
oola.
jereel.
wama.
murga.
towing.
marring.
yeara.
goowong.
mimma.
nallan.
broonong.
boUudera.
koninna.
tallan.
moorong.
wiin.
boodong.
boombillie.
thagoon.
thowarroo.
urong.
HowLONG — contimied.
Boomerang -
Hill -
Wood -
Stone -
Gamp -
Yes -
No -
I - -
You
Bark
Good
Bad
Sweet -
Food
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk -
googal.
wallong, gibber,
moorong.
minawa.
weerai.
athu.
indoo.
■ thoorong.
murrambong.
thalloo.
arran.
thalla.
werrigoo.
boiling.
yannagoo.
nagoo.
Sit -
- wegoo.
Yesterday -
-
To-day
- tallan.
To-morrow -
- marungil.
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
Plenty
- madoo.
Big - -
- moonoon.
Little -
- boobegal.
Dead -
- baloona.
By-and-by -
Come on -
- thanyanagoo
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
Wife -
- ennar.
400
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 190.— ALBURY.
By G. R. H. Stuckby, Esq.
Though this vocabulary has much in common with preceding ones, it
differs from them in the equivalent of no.
Kangaroo -
womboin.
Hand -
- marra.
Opossum -
wooley.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
miri.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
One -
- wallween.
Emu -
moorein.
Black duck
boothongbong.
Two -
- bulla.
Wood duck
goonara.
Three
- buUawon.
Pelican
goolagerie.
Four -
- bulla-bulla.
Laughing jackass kookaburra.
Father
- mama.
Native companion booralging.
Mother
- goone.
WTiite cockatoo
waima.
Crow -
waggan.
Sister-Elder
- mingarn.
Swan -
thuudoo.
„ Younger
- baraging.
Egg -
kobbako.
Brother-Elder
- kagong.
Track of a foot
„ Younger guUbooman
Fish -
A young man
- naramong.
Lobster
thamoga.
An old man
- jerebong.
Crayfish -
An old woman
- kaambatha.
Mosquito -
moloola.
Fly -
A baby
- boori.
Snake
gona.
A White man
- koen.
The Blacks
main.
Children -
A Blackfellow
iabba.
Head -
- balong.
A Black woman
buUagera.
Eye -
- mill.
Nose -
moorootha.
Ear -
- woodtha.
ALBURY.
4
No. 190.— Ai.T^vuY— continued.
Mouth
■ erong.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- erong.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- ourn.
Wood-
- geegil.
Beard
- yarang.
Stone -
- wallan.
Thunder -
- moorubari.
Camp
- moorong.
Grass -
- mugong.
Yes -
- yama or yarlo
Tongue
No -
- woodi.
Stomach
- gidan.
I
.
Breasts
- yamong.
You ■
-
Thigh
- tharong.
Bark -
- thorong.
Foot -
- thenong.
Good -
- murrabong.
Bone -
- thaubal.
Bad -
- ingle.
Blood -
- gowong.
Sweet -
Skin -
- youlong.
Food -
- thunong.
Pat -
- wombo.
Himgry
- narang.
Bowels
- borellin.
Thirsty
-
Excrement -
- goonong.
Eat -
• thulgaru.
War-spear -
- thula.
Sleep -
- werigee.
Reed-spear -
gereel.
Drink
- wegalie.
Throwing-stick
Walk -
- yanagee.
Shield
- geringarin.
See -
- nogaree.
Tomahawk -
- thouwing.
Sit -
- weegee.
Canoe
Sun -
- marin.
Yesterday -
- eric.
To-day
- thalan.
Moon -
- kewong.
To-morrow -
- owantha.
Star -
- mema.
Light ■
- nargong.
Where are the
Dark ■
- ourong.
Blacks ?
Gold -
I don't know
Heat -
moononera.
Plenty
Day -
gerambong.
Big -
Night -
ourong.
Little -
Fire -
wein.
Water
kullen.
Dead -
Smoke
kuthal.
By-and-by -
Ground
thugong.
Come oh -
Wind
thoura.
Milk -
Rain -
urong.
Eaglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife -
hobanblara.
VOL. III.
2(
401
BOOK THE SEVENTEENTH.
2C2
BOOK THE SEVENTEENTH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
For miicli of the information contained in this book I am
indebted, as will be seen, to the late Eevd. William Eidley,
who was fortunate in meeting with a half-caste woman, an
Englishman, and a Blackfellow, whose acquaintance with the
languages of the south-eastern extremity of the continent
enabled him to preserve a few scraps of information which
must ;otherwise have passed away entirely unrecorded. Nor
have these gleanings been without their use, for, as the reader
will see further on, they have enabled us to determine the
point at which the occupation of Australia by its aboriginal
race became complete.
If, however, it is unfortunate in some respects that Mr.
Ridley's records of the languages in this portion of the con-
tinent are in one or two instances — that of Twofold Bay
particularly — so scanty, we are happy in obtaining from Mr.
Bulmer and Mr. du Ve a sufficiently fuU account of the
Moneroo language. StiU it must not be overlooked, that
long prior to this work being commenced our civilization
had brought together, and into familiar intercourse in this
portion of the continent, tribes which had previously lived in
a state of chronic hostility, and that their languages have,
as the result, become very much fused. Hence the time has
passed when a vocabulary of any of these languages free from
foreign words could be obtained.
In the short lists of phrases which follow several of Mr.
Ridley's vocabularies, a knowledge of some of the root-words
of our languages has enabled me to see that the translations
made by that writer are seldom literal, and in some few cases
to give exact renderings.
406 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 191.— POET JACKSON, OR SYDNEY HARBOUR.
From the Works of Captain John Hunter, R,N., and
Lieutenant-Colonel Collins.
Aftee Captain Cook's stay at the Endeavour River, the
next real acquaintance of Europeans with the Blacks of
Australia took place at Sydney Harbour in 1788. Concern-
ing the manners and language of the several associated
tribes which dwelt in that locality, numerous details have
been recorded by Hunter in 1793, by Collins in 1804, and by
other early writers. Those named accompanied the expedi-
tion which planted our first settlement in New Holland, as
the continent was then called. From their accounts, we
learn that the tribes in the neighbourhood of Sydney Harbour
agreed essentially in manners with the other tribes in that
portion of the continent, of which the reader has already
seen many descriptions. Thus we find them piercing the
septum of the nose, amputating a portion of one of the
fingers of the left hand of the females, scarring the body,
knocking out teeth, and so on. They wore no clothes, and
Collins describes the women as blushing at their nakedness
when in presence of White men. What is most singular is
that this author should have witnessed the rites which
accompany the knocking out of teeth; one of the secret
ceremonies which only one or two White men have succeeded
in gaining admission to during the eighty years which have
elapsed since his time. Of these ceremonies Collins' work
contains many plates.
Within about fourteen months after the formation of our
settlement at Sydney, small-pox broke out in the tribes
which dwelt around the harbour, and nearly exterminated
them.
PORT JACKSON, OR SYDNEY HARBOUR.
407
The following Additional
Captain Hunter's Journal : —
Words are extracted from
To stay
- allocy.
The arm
gading.
„ ask for any
annegar.
Feathers -
gwomeil.
thing
A hut
gonyi.
Distant
- arrovifan.
A female child
gooring.
Buried
- bourbillie remul.
Ornamental scars
gongara.
A bellyful -
- barong-boruoh,
on the body
canno.
Reed necklace
gweferang.
A grave
- bomar.
To tickle -
gitte-gittim
A cloud
- bourra.
,, snore -
gorooda.
To kiss
Finger
- boon-abbiey,
boonya.
- berrille.
„ leap
A rock
- ilga.
kibba.
Ribs -
- bibbe.
To steal -
karama.
The heart -
- boot-boot.
Sand -
murong.
,, cheek -
- birra.
Lightning -
- manga.
Flood tide -
- baraaoola.
An ant
mong.
The red kangaroo bangaray.
To sing - - boraya.
A louse - - moona. burradoo.
The navel -
Tears -
The bill of a biro
manaro.
• megal.
moono.
To take hold
■ maur.
Woman's apron
- barin.
With young
- binny.
The liver -
- naga.
To singe the beard bunvadil.
A net -
- narramee.
off
The forehead '
- nulla.
To burn -
- cannadinga.
,, elbow -
- oona.
„ call
- cama.
„ throat -
- parrangle.
Broken
- cot-ban-jow.
To laugh -
- pillia.
A fishing-line
- carra-duin.
The shoulder
- tarong.
The neck -
- cadlwar, coUi-
To weep
- tonga.
ang.
„ sneeze -
terenang.
A gut -
- carramah.
„ yawn -
- talanga.
Black cockatoo
- oarall.
„ swim
- wadby.
The sea
- caragarang.
Where
- war6, wa.
To sneeze ■
- dere-nignan.
The lips
- wilUn.
Here -
- die.
„ chin -
- wallo.
To spit
- dooragya.
„ eyebrow
wanaree.
„ prick -
- dooralang.
„ Hps
weelang.
A son -
- dooroow.
To whistle -
worgye.
To sweat
- erooka.
Red -
morjal.
Small-pox -
- gall-gall.
White
taboa.
Rotten
- godieby.
Black -
nand.
The knee -
- gorrook.
Green
boolga.
408
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 191.— PORT JACKSON, OR A PART OF SYDNEY HARBOUR.
By Captain John Hunter.
Kangaroo -
patagarang.
Hand
tamira.
Opossum -
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
tingo.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
waregal.
One -
Emu -
maraory, mar-ry-
ang.
Two -
Black duck -
Three -
Wood duok -
Four -
Pelican
Father
be-anga.
Laughing jackass
Native companion
Mother
wy-anga
White cockatoo ■
ga-ra-way.
Sister Elder
Crow -
wagan.
,, Younger
Swan -
Brother-Elder -
Egg - - -
ca-ban.
,, Younger
Track of a foot ■
Fish -
ma-gra.
A young man
Lobster
An old man
Crayfish
,, old woman
Mosquito -
doo-ra.
A baby
Fly - - -
my-ang-a.
A White man
Snake -
can.
Children
The Blacks -
eo-ra.
A Blackfellow -
muUa.
Head -
caberra.
A Black woman -
din.
Eye -
mi.
Nose - • , ■
nogur.
Ear -
gorai.
PORT JACKSON, OR SYDNEY HARBOUR.
409
No. 191. — Port Jackson, oe a Part of Sydney Kambovr— continued.
Mouth
■ kalga.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- dara.
Hill - -
-
Hair of the head
- diwarra.
Wood
-
Beard -
-
Stone -
-
Thunder ■
- morungle.
Camp -
_
Grass -
- dooroy.
Yes -
Tongue
- tailing.
No -
Stomach
- barrong.
Breasts
Thigh -
- nabanq.
I
You -
- gnia.
Foot -
- menoe.
Bark -
-
Bone -
- diera.
Good -
- beal, bidgeree.
Blood -
- ba-na-rang.
Bad -
- wfer6.
Skin -
- baggy.
Sweet -
-
Fat -
-
Food -
-
Bowels
Hungry
- yu-ru-gurra.
Excrement ■
-
Thirsty
-
War-spear -
- camye, kamai.
Eat - ■ -
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- nan-ga-ra.
Throwing-stick
- womar.
Drink -
- wee-de.
Shield -
- a-ra-goon, e-li-
Walk -
- yen.
mang.
Tomahawk -
- mogo.
See -
Canoe -
- nowey.
Sit -
- gnal-loa.
Sun -
- coing.
Yesterday -
- boorana.
Moon -
- yannadah.
To-day
-
Star -
- birrang.
To-morrow -
- bur-ra-nd, parry
Light -
-
buga.
Dark -
Where are
the
Cold -
- ta-ga-ra.
Blacks ?
Heat -
-
I don't know
- man-ye-ro.
Day -
- camurra.
Plenty
-
Night -
- gnoowing.
Big - -
-
Fire -
- gwee-ang.
Little -
- narrong.
Water
- bado.
Dead -
- boe.
Smoke
- cud-yal.
By-and-by -
_
Ground
- pe-mall.
Come on
- cow-ee.
Wind -
- gwarra.
Milk -
- murtin.
Rain -
- panna.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- boye, mawn.
Wife -
-
410
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 191.— PORT JACKSON, OR A PART OP SYDNEY HARBOUR.
By Lieutenant-Colonel Collins.
Kangaroo -
Hand -
- tam-mir-ra.
Opossum
2 Blacks -
_
Tame dog -
din-go.
3 Blacks -
_
Wild dog -
wor-re-gal.
One -
- wogul.
Emu -
ma-ray-ong.
Black duck - ' -
yoo-rong-i.
Two -
- yoo-blow-re, boo
Wood duck
la.
Pelican
car-rang-a-bo-
Three -
- brew-y.
murray.
Four -
-
Laughing jackass
go-gan-ne-gine.
Father
- be-an-na.
Native companion
Mother
- wy-an-na.
White cockatoo -
gare-a-way.
Sister-Elder
- ma-mun-na.
Crow -
wau-gan.
Swan -
mnl-go.
,, Younger
-
Egg -
ca-bahn.
Brother-Elder
- ba-bun-na.
Track of a foot -
,, Younger
Fish -
A young man
-
Lobster
An old man
_
Crayfish
, , old woman
Mosquito -
A baby
.
Fly - -
mi-a-nong.
A White man
Snake -
cahn.
The Blacks -
eo-ra.
Children
- go-roong.
A BlackfeUow -
mul-la.
Head -
- ca-ber-ra.
A Black woman ■
din.
Eye -
- mi.
Nose -
no-gro.
Ear -
- go-ray.
PORT JACKSON, OR SYDNEY HARBOUR.
411
No. 191.-
-PoBT Jackson, or
A Part of Sydney Harbour.
Mouth
- kar-ga.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- dara.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- de-war-ra.
Wood-
-
Beard -
- yar-rin.
Stone -
Thunder -
-
Camp -
Grass -
Yes -
- mo rem me.
Tongue
- tal-lang.
No -
- beall.
Stomach
- bar-rong.
Breasts
- nabuug.
I
- guia.
Thigh -
You -
- guee-ne.
Foot -
- ma-no-e.
Bark -
■
Bone -
-
Good -
- bood-jer-re.
Blood •
Bad -
- wee-re.
Skin -
-
Sweet -
-
Fat -
- bog-gay.
Food -
-
Bowels
Hungry
- yu-roo.
Excrement -
Thirsty
-
War-spear -
- ca-my.
Eat -
- patty.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep
- nanga.
Throwing-stick
- womera.
Drink -
Shield
- e-lee-mong, ar-
Walk -
- yen.
ra-gong.
Tomahawk -
- mogo.
See
- gna.
Canoe -
- nowey.
Sit -
-
Sun -
- ooing.
Yesterday -
- barane.
Moon -
- yennadah.
To-day
- yagoona.
Star -
- birrong.
To-morrow -
- parry boogoo
Light -
-
Where are
the
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold -
- tagora.
I don't know
.
Heat -
- yooroo-ga.
Plenty
.
Day -
- carmarroo.
~
Night -
- gnoowing.
Big -
- mur-ray.
Fire -
- gweyong.
Little -
- gnar-rang.
Water -
- bado.
Dead -
-
Smoke
- cadjed.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- permul.
Come on
- cow-e.
Wind -
-
Milk -
- mooroobin.
Rain -
- panna, wallan.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- mahn.
Wife .
- mau-gohn.
412 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
The languages and customs of the long extinct tribes of
Sydney Harbour (originally known as Port Jackson) bear
several marks of eastern descent. Thus e-lee-mong or
heliman, the equivalent of shield, is met with far away in
North-eastern Australia, and the custom of amputating a
finger of the female's, or a portion of a finger, prevails in
Southern Queensland as it used to do on the shores of
Sydney Harbour.
BOTANY BAY.
413
No. 192.— BOTANY BAY.
By the Revd. William Ridley.
The following short vocabulary of the Turuwul language is
taken from Mr. Ridley's Kamilaroi. In his notice prefixed
to it, Mr. Ridley states that Turuwul was spoken both at
Botany Bay and Port Jackson. The several vocabularies of
the Port -Jackson (or Sydney Harbour) tribe, however, make
it clear that there were two languages, and that Turuwul was
confined to Botany Bay. From Lieutenant-Colonel Collins'
Account of New South Wales, published in 1804, we learn
that the name of the Botany Bay tribe was Gweagal. In
studying the aboriginal phrases preserved by Mr. Ridley,
who obtained them from a half-caste of those parts, it is clear
that their translations are free and not literal. For instance,
in the rendering oi Ngandagoo booroo = I see a kangaroo, we
know from a consideration of the other phrases that the
equivalent of see is not present, whilst we know that the
indefinite article a does not exist in any Australian tongue.
There is also reason to believe that bring and take are often
expressed by variations of the same root-word. The follow-
ing will exemplify these statements: —
Ridley.
Turuwul.
Literal rendering.
There he is -
He killed a snake
Take the dog away
Bring it here again
Ngo, ngo, nga ngnllai -
Bunma moonda -
'Nga.indina mirigung -
Ngaingafangr nga miri-
gung
There, there, I see.
(He) struck snake.
Take away dog.
Bring (or take) Jiere I
dog.
414
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 192.— BOTANY BAY.
By the Revd. William Ridley.
Kangaroo -
burral, booroo.
Hand -
murramul.
Opossum
koorooera.
2 Blacks
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
mirigung.
joogoong.
3 Blacks -
One -
Black duck -
koondyeri.
Two -
Wood duck -
Three -
Pelican
Four -
Laughing jackass
Father
babuiia,babunna
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow - - - mebitha, war-
Mother
Sister-Elder
ngubung.
midjun, mitjun.
nung.
„ Younger -
Swan -
Brother-Elder -
Egg - - -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
,, Younger
A young man
An old man
bangung.
Crayfish
An old woman •
moolda.
Mosquito -
A baby
Fly -
A White man ■
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow
moonda.
tdhuUa.
Children
Head -
chajung.
kabura.
A Black woman
Eye -
me.
Nose -
noogoolbundi.
Ear
BOTANY BAY.
415
No. 192. — Botany Bat — continued.
Boomerang -
HUl -
Wood -
Stone -
Camp (hut) -
Yes -
No - - -
I - -
You -
Bark -
Good -
Bad -
Sweet -
Pood -
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk -
See -
Sit - - -
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
Plenty
Big - -
Little -
Dead -
By-and-by -
Come on
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
Wife -
Mouth
kommi.
Teeth -
Hair of the head
Beard -
Thunder -
Grass -
bumboor.
Tongue
tuUung.
Stomach
Breasts
Thigh -
Toot -
- dunna.
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick
Shield -
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
- yemera.
Sun -
- wirri.
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
Night -
- purra.
Fire -
- we.
Water
- batoo.
Smoke
- kurung gerij.
Ground
- moorung.
Wind -
- koomgooma.
Rain -
- bunna.
God -
-
Ghosts
-
koonje.
meira.
nga.
kuller.
wirra.
dunmingung.
nguUai.
kaiun.
murruwulung.
416 THE AUSTEALIAN RACE:
Upon this scanty vocabulary of Botany Bay but few
remarks can be made. Most of its words differ from those
of Port Jackson, which is rather surprising, seeing the short
distance it is between the two places. The reader may
compare the equivalents of sun ?txAfire.
WOLLONGONG, ILLAWARRA, AND SHOALHAVEN. 417
No. 193.— WOLLONGONG, ILLAWAREA, AND
SHOALHAVEN.
By the Rbvb. William Ridley.
The following words are extracted from Eidley's Kamilaroi.
The name of the language, we learn, is Wodi-wodi, and its
negative adverb is naiyung ; but it is to be noticed that the
negative at the Hunter Eiver is morri, at Albury woodi, and
at Swan Hill wotti, and it is probable that there was a time
when wodi prevailed in the same sense from Wollongong to
Jervis Bay.
The equivalent of God Mr. Eidley derives from mirir =
sky, which is one of the words in that sense given by the
same writer in the Turrumbul language, spoken on the
Brisbane Eiver. The reader may compare the renderings
camp and lark. A hut was often spoken of as a camp, and
huts were almost always made of hark in the southern
portion of the continent, and hence the two objects were
expressed by one word. In some of our languages a man
will talk of his tree or his mood, meaning his spear; a form
of speech which has something of the grand as well as of
the rude about it.
2D
418
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 193.— WOLLONGONG, ILLAWARRA, AND SHOALHAVEN.
By THE Revd. William Ridley.
Kangaroo r
booroo.
Hand
- murrurmur.
Opossum
kooraora.
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
mirrigung.
3 Blacks -
_
Wild dog -
One -
- mittung.
Emu
birribain.
Two -
- boolar.
Black duck
Wood duck
Three -
- wowulli.
Pelican
kurungaba.
Four -
- boolar boolar.
Laughing jackass
kookara.
Father
-
Native companioi
I gooradawak.
Mother
-
White cockatoo ■
yambai-imba.
Sister-Elder
_
Crow -
„ Younger
.
Swan -
Brother-Elder
.
Egg - '-
Track of a foot
Young
er
Fis!' -
dun.
A young man
- yoorung,
Lobster
banggung.
Crayfish -
An old man
- beunggun.
Mosquito -
An old woman
-
Fly - -
A baby
- murrakainggung
Snake
A White man
- jirunggalung.
The Blacks -
Children -
- kudjagung.
A Blackfellow
Head -
- wollar.
A Black woman
Eye -
- mobura, mer.
Nose -
noogoor.
Ear •■
- koori.
WOLLONGONG, ILLAWARRA, AND SHOALHAVEN.
419
No. 193. — WoLLONGONG, Illawakea, and Shoalkavbn — continued.
Mouth
- kommi.
Boomerang -
- wurangaing.
Teeth -
- irra.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- jirra.
Wood -
-
Beard -
-
Stone -
Thunder -
Camp -
- kundi, ngurra.
Grass -
Yea -
- nge.
Tongue
- tuUun.
No -
- naiyuBg.
Stomach
1
- ngaiagung.
Breasts
-
You -
- ngindigung.
Thigh
- turra.
Bark -
- kunida.
Foot -
- dunna.
Bone -
Good -
- nukkoong.
Blood -
.
Bad - -
- bullin.
Skin -
-
Sweet
-
Fat -
Food -
-
Bowels
-
Hungry -
-
Excrement -
-
Thirsty
-
War-spear -
- maiagung.
Eat -
-
Reed-spear -
Sleep -
.
Throwing-stick
-
Drink -
.
Shield -
Walk -
_
Tomahawk -
_
Canoe -
- yanaoera.
See -
Sit - .-
-
mudyeri.
■
Sun -
- bukurung.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- tedjung.
To-day
-
Star -
- jinjinnnrung.
To-morrow -
-
Light -
-
Where are
the
Dark -
-
Blacks?
Cold -
-' maiing.
I don't know
.
Heat -
■ bukuring.
Plenty
-
Day -
Big - -
- kaiyung.
Night -
-
Little -
- murruwailung
Fire - ;
- kanbi.
Dead -
- bulyar
Water
Smoke
- ngaityung.
- kurunggurij.
By-and-by -
Ground
- mumng.
Come on
"
Wind-
-
Milk -
-
Rain -
- yewi.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
- mirirul.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- gooun.
21
Wife -
)2
-
420
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE ;
No. 194.~PEOM JEEVIS BAY TO MOUNT
DEOMEDAKY.
By Me. Kichaed Dawsey.
Foe this vocabulary I am indebted, through Mr. Stewart
Caswell, P.M. at Moruya, to Mr. Eichard Dawsey. The
tribes of whose language a specimen is attached divide
themselves into two classes, viz., Piindri or tree-cUmiers,
and Kathoongal or fishermen. It is, I am informed, a
tradition of theirs that the earth was once destroyed, some
say by water and others by fire, and was subsequently re-
peopled from the moon. They humourously call policeman
tchingar = star-fish, as they say both seize and detain.
These tribes still retain a few of their old customs, for they
scar the person and knock out teeth. Every remarkable
hill, waterhole, and rock, says Mr. Dawsey, has its native
name. It will be noticed that sun, light, heat, day, and
to-day are all translated by the word noma, and probably
correctly so.
No. 194.-
-Additional Words.
Scrub -
- kubbee, burrar.
Roast -
- koonjal.
River -
- nadju.
Go up -
- kuUowa.
Bread -
■ tungi (see Food).
Come down
- nirini.
Hut -
- koongi.
Run -
- woUiar.
Finger
- minna.
Jump -
- worraga.
Calf of leg -
- iabooda.
Cry - -
- noongoo.
My head
- kabomanga.
Club -
- koodgeroo.
Kill -
- billyagooin.
Bandicoot -
- gooragoor.
Call -
- karrooga.
Mullet
- worreguUa
Inquire
■ yaboo.
Bream
- burra.
FROM JERVIS BAY TO MOUNT DROMEDARY.
421
No. 194. — ^Additional Words — (
Crab -
thooril.
Paddimellon
- potalemon.
Crane -
kaloo.
Musk duck -
- nunneloo.
Black oockatoo
ngerral.
Spider
- marara.
Ring-tailed opos-
boogoori.
Wattle-tree
- boarr.
sum
Porpoise
- toweri.
Maggot
mundooga.
Seal -
- eeraguUa.
Blow-fly
mooroon.
Gull -
- mara.
A boil
mundarlo.
Shark -
- woolemboora.
Black snake
moontha.
Oyster
- bithunga.
Brown „
mooroomba.
Clouds
- moongooroo.
Carpet „
wagoor.
Wombat
- bunkata.
Bark vessel for
wondia.
Boy -
- kaboogabal.
carrying water
Girl -
- yandabal.
Wooden vessel for bungalli.
Sweetheart -
- tunnamung (eat
carrying water
breasts).
East wind -
browa.
I am eating -
- tunnaga.
North-east wind
buUya.
Grandmother
- baoonga.
South wind-
merringanna.
Strong
- matong.
West „ -
goorooma.
Cripple
- kookiwon.
Spotted gum-tree
derani.
Deaf -
- nerraguiu.
Mahogany -
- muthawan.
Lyrebird
- chakola.
Fern -
- munga.
Sea - -
- burra-burra.
Fern-tree -
iumbagun.
A rough sea
- kuth-thoo.
Tiizard
- bungaoo.
Platypus
- yarrenbool.
Sting-ray
bubba.
Red ochre -
- koobur.
422
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 194.— FROM JERVIS BAY TO MOUNT DROMEDARY.
Kangaroo -
booroo.
Hand -
munna.
Opossum -
koongera.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Bmu -
Black duck -
mirriga.
murria.
wombarra.
3 Blacks ■
One -
Two -
mittundal.
moondaoora.
Wood duck-
yerrinbool.
Three -
dooroogai.
Pelican
kurringooba.
Four -
Laughing jackass
kookoo.
Father
barbatha, bai-
Native companion gooerri.
White cockatoo
Crow -
Swan -
ngowal.
- wagoora.
■ koorawarri,
Mother
Sister-Elder
mg.
meunda, mane
mamung.
koonyoo.
,, Younger -
Egg - -
■ koarno.
Brother-Elder -
tatha.
Track of a foot
Fish -
moorooda, burd-
yoo.
- ma, mena.
,, Younger
A young man
myinga.
Lobster
-
An old man-
warri.
Crayfish
- birrooa.
An old woman
Mosquito ■
- neelooga.
A baby
warran.
Ply -
Snake -
The Blacks •
A Blackf ellow
myrmga.
- kurri.
- kimbunya.
- uin.
A White man
Children
Head -
moomaga.
warran.
kabomo.
A Black woman
- wangan.
Eye -
mubbura.
Nose -
- nogooroo.
Ear -
- koori.
FEOM JERVIS BAY TO MOUNT DROMEDARY.
423
No. 194. — From Jervis Bay to
Mouth - - Willi.
Teeth - - - era, nganayoo.
Hair of the head- jaour.
Beard - - - yarran, yarri.
Thunder - maybi.
Grass - - - wuddal.
Tongue - - nimming.
Stomach ■ - binji.
Breasts - numminya.
Thigh - - boonda.
Foot - - - tinna.
Bone - - - boyoo.
Blood - - dgeralli.
Skin - - - wardoo.
Fat - ■ - buon.
Bowels - - koonnoo.
Excrement - - koonnoo.
War-spear - - birruya.
Reed-spear - - birryoola.
Throwing-stick - wommera.
Shield- - - bimbia, murka.
Tomahawk - - mundooba.
Canoe - - . - kurridja.
Sun - - - nowa.
Moon - - - dowera.
Star - - - tiugee.
Light - - - nowa.
Dark - - - i-il-wa.
Cold - - - goo-yoodoo.
Heat ■ - - bukkeran, nowa.
Day - - - nowa.
Night - - - 1-il-wa.
Fire - - - kani.
Water- - - nadju.
Smoke - - tooroor.
Ground - - ilurgar, bukkan.
Wind - - - gooroo-ooma.
Rain - - - bunna.
God -
Ghosts
Mount Dbomedaky — coMnued.
Boomerang - - warrangan.
Hill - -
Wood - - boombal.
Stone - ■ - boora, moora.
Camp - - ■ doogan.
Yes - - ngi.
No - - - tukkayil.
I - - - iaga.
You ■ - inde, indiga.
Bark - - - oolaga.
Good - - - jummaga.
Bad - - - kannia.
Sweet - - - jummaga.
Food (vegetable) - tungi.
,, (meat) - narroom.
Hungry - - ithul.
Thirsty - - oondago.
Eat - - - thunnal.
Sleep - - - nomgooga.
Drink - - - oondaga.
Walk - - - yannooga.
See - - - naguni.
Sit - - - ma-i-ga.
Yesterday - - boguia.
To-day - - nowa.
To-morrow - - braguia.
Where are the wanaga uin ?
Blacks ?
I don't know - nginbaga or
tukkyil.
Plenty - - bukkan.
Big - - - birraga.
Little - - - koobya.
Dead - - - worral.
By-and-by - - kawai.
Come on - - yowi.
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
Wife - -
424
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 195.— QUEANBEYAN.
By the Police Magistrate at the above Town,
Who informs me that only one person of this tribe, an old -woman, remains.
Kangaroo -
- pundar.
Hand -
- munna.
Opossum -
- widgen.
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu - . -
Black duck
Wood duck
- merrigon.
- arang.
- boojangbung.
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
- midjemban.
- boUan.
Pelican - - graduck.
Laughing jackass googooburra.
Native companion
Four •
Father
Mother
- bobong.
- ija.
White cockatoo
-
Sister-Elder
- guUung.
Crow
Swan -
Egg -
Track of a foot
Fish - -
- wagun.
- gunyuck.
- gubbong.
- munjuwa.
- muUang.
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
„ Young
A young man
- gooung.
sr
- wurrnmbull.
Lobster
-
An old man
- jerrabung.
Crayfish
- murragolong.
An old woman
- buUane.
Mosquito -
Fly -
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow
- jigegong.
- murring.
A baby
A White man
Children -
Head -
- wunja.
- gubba.
- guddagong.
A Black woman
- buUong.
Eye -
- goondal.
Nose -
-
Ert -
- binningaring
QUEANBEYAN.
4k!
No. 195. — QuBANBEYAN — contimied.
Mouth
Boomerang -
-
Teeth ■
- weera.
Hill ■
-
Hair of the head
- yarang.
Wood -
-
Beard -
- earing, yaring.
Stone -
- wuUung.
Thunder -
- mirrabee.
Camp -
- wallane.
Grass -
- narruck.
Yes -
- awang.
Tongue
- dalling.
No -
- wungung.
Stomach
- dowong.
I-
- indegee.
Breasts
- ummingyang.
You -
- imeba.
Thigh -
- munjawong.
Bark -
- dunarung.
Foot -
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
- goorooba.
Good -
Bad -
Sweet -
- dunga.
- nanyngalong.
- murrumbung.
Fat -
- bunun.
Food -
- dunnong.
Bowels
- goonong.
Hungry
- aranda.
Excrement -
- goonong.
Thirsty
- yungimeba.
War-spear -
Eat -
- abally.
Reed-spear -
Sleep -
- umbaree.
Throwing-stiok
Drink -
- admy.
Shield
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
Sun - -
Moon -
- towraug.
- umbagong.
- murring.
- mumite.
Walk -
See -
Sit -
Yesterday -
- yarrabajay.
- goolang.
- alagee.
Star -
- jingee.
To-day
-
Light -
- burra.
To-morrow -
- urongal.
Dark -
Where are the
wuUo murring?
Cold -
- gurrada.
Blacks?
Heat -
- murrumbung.
I don't know
- wunnagung.
Day -
Plenty
Night -
- dia.
Big -
- yabung.
Fire -
- wudda.
Little -
■ gobang.
Water
Smoke
ijong.
Dead -
By-and-by -
- berraging.
Ground
- dowra.
Come on
gooli.
Wind-
goorookma.
Milk -
Rain -
urong.
Eaglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
mummoogong.
Wife -
426
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 196.— YASS.
By the Bench oe Maqistbates at that Place.
Also a Pew Wobds fbom George Browne, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- burroo.
Hand -
- mooranlang.
Opossum ■ -
- Willi.
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck -
Pelican
ill i
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
Pour -
- mittong.
■ boolla.
■ boolla mittong.
Laughing jackass kookaburra.
Father
- moonmonthur.
Native companion goorine.
Mother
magong.
White cockatoo
- wagara.
Sister-Elder
thargong.
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - -
Track of a foot
- wargan.
- doondoo.
- goobagong.
- yowel.
,, Younger -
Brother-Elder - mooroombyn.
,, Younger ngarrang.
Pish -
- guir.
A young man
- nannong.
Lobster
mangaba.
An old man
wybong.
Crayfish
mooroonong.
An old woman
gangang.
Mosquito -
Ply . .
Snake -
The Blacks •
A Blackfellow
- mudjering.
- boreman.
mukka.
- myning.
- wurrunbill.
A baby
A White man
Children
Head -
goodtha, boobal
- gubba.
- guddagong.
A Black woman
■ buUong.
Bye -
migeleg.
Nose •
■ moorangee.
Bar -
bungenerra.
YASS.
427
No, 196. — Y ASS— continiied.
Mouth
Teeth
Hair of the head
Beard -
Thunder
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
Breasts
Thigh -
Foot -
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick
Shield -
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire -
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind ■
Bain -
God -
Ghosts
- thamberree.
- yeera.
- yarragong.
- yarrang. .
- mooroobey.
- ngalook,
- thuUong.
- binjey, ugga.
- nononug,
- darra.
- jennang.
- jinjey.
- garring.
- boorai.
-. noobee.
- goonong.
■ jewing.
- jereel.
- minga.
- thowing.
- murreng.
- wynen, weenyoo.
- gerrong.
- jenna.
- narragan.
- burrabi.
- kurrett.
- wynen.
- booroowal.
- burrabi.
- gunbey.
- narjung.
- kuddalth.
- thoora, doorla.
- bandoo.
- eurong.
- buronaga.
Boomerang -
Hill -
Wood -
Stone -
Camp -
Yes -
No -
I
You - -
Bark -
Good -
Bad ■
Sweet
Food -
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk ■
See -
Sit -
Yesterday ■
To-day
To-morrow •
Where are the
Blacks ?
I don't know
Plenty
Big - -
Little -
Dead -
By-and-by -
Come on
Milk - -
noola.
woUung.
noora.
nea.
oonthewa.
ngoolangi.
goolanga.
doorong.
murrumbong.
narregalong.
nurran.
marjoong.
ngarau.
googong.
narging.
yarraba.
naangi.
nulli.
barrandi.
youngoo.
barrandi.
ooruna myning ?
moonalthwa.
jatnma.
moonoon.
boobi.
kowe.
koomun.
goolai.
Wild turkey
Wife -
428 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
I am informed that a few individuals of the Yarr — or, as
we call it, Yass — tribe, still survive. The reader will notice
that there is but one word for yesterday and to-morrow.
Almost the same thing occurs in Nos. 191 and 194. In view
of the statements made by some writers on the subjects of
Australian marriages and terms of relationship, the following
Additional Words are important, viz., goonin = uncle and
aunt; peringing = cousin.
MONEROO. 429
No. 197.— MONEEOO.
By Chables du Ve, Esq., and John Bulmbb, Esq.
Of the dialects spoken in the Moneroo or Mantra district,
several vocabularies have reached me, only two of which I
have thought it necessary to insert. The one compiled many
years back by Mr. John Shotsky, of the Botanical Society
of Bavaria, which has often appeared in print, is before me;
but it is evidently incorrect in many particulars, and hence
is not inserted. Those placed before the reader were col-
lected, the first by Mr. Charles du V6, a gentleman long
resident in Gippsland, and the other by Mr. John Bulmer,
manager of one of the Government Aboriginal Stations in
that country, who has many qualifications for the under-
taking, and has bestowed great pains on his paper. The
language, this gentleman informs me, is called Ngarago,
and it will be seen that it has many words found but little
altered in the dialects of Queanbeyan, Mornya, and Omeo.
Whether this was always so, or is the result of the mixture
of tribes, consequent on our occupation, it is now impossible
to determine.
430
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 197.— MONEROO.
By Chaklbs du Vb, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- bundaar.
Hand -
- maraga.
Opossum
- watjen.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
- mittagang.
- biri-biri.
3 Blacks ■
One -
- mittong.
Black duck -
- poodoombarng.
Two -
- boolarlar.
Wood duck -
- goonarook.
Three -
- boolar martung
Pelican
-
Pour -
Laughing jackass
Father
■ bobahn.
Native companion gooyoor.
White cockatoo - ngoul.
Crow - - - waroolin.
Mother
Sister-Elder
- mitchong.
Swan -
-
„ Younger
- cuUan.
Egg - -
Track of a foot
Pish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - ■
- mooritche.
- moolaan.
- barrinjook.
- moolookmar.
Brother-Elder - jydchong.
„ Younger
A young man - munguyung.
An old man- - jirrybung.
An old woman -
A baby
Snake -
- jijucung.
A White man
- moomoogan.
The Blacks -
-
Children -
-
A Blackfellow
- myang.
Head -
- kadagong.
A Black woman
- ballaru.
Eye -
- mobbara.
Nose -
- nor.
Ear -.' -
■ binneyarree.
MONEROO.
43
No. 191.— M.ONSROO— continued.
Mouth
- dha, moordingee.
Boomerang -
- warrungen.
Teeth -
- yayra.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heac
- eerong.
Wood -
- baar.
Beard -
-
Stone -
- goorobung.
Thunder -
-
Camp -
- wallaan.
Grass -
- nulhook.
Yes -
-
Tongue
No - -
- moko.
Stomach
-
I-
- ngimba.
Breasts
-
You -
- yindigee.
Thigh -
- tharal.
Bark -
-
Foot -
- genno.
Good - -
- murrembarang
Bone -
-
Bad -
- moko (?).
Blood -
-
Sweet -
-
Skin -
-
Food -
-
Fat -
-
Hungry
-
Bowels
-
Thirsty
-
Excrement -
Eat -
-
War-spear -
- cumma.
Sleep -
.
Reed-spear -
- gerambardee.
Drink -
Tkrowing-stick
Shield- -
- armmel.
Walk- -
- yarrabye.
Tomahawk -
- ngumbercung.
See - -
-
Canoe -
- marring.
Sit -
-
Sun -
- monnutche.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- cubartong.
To-day
Star -
- ieenkee.
To-morrow -
.
Light -
- murdeditch.
Where are the
Dark -
- dthag.
Blacks ?
Cold - -
- curret.
I don't know
.
Heat -
- weenya.
Day -
- bruyeo.
Plenty
•
Night -
-
Big - -
- yhubung.
Fire -
- gannby.
Little -
-
Water
- ngiijong.
Dead -
-
Smoke
' dhoomdook.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
• towra.
Come on
-
Wind-
• goonoockomar.
Milk - -
-
Raiu -
- yurong.
Eaglehawk -
- meerong.
God - . -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
.
432
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 197.— MONEROO.
By John Bulmek, Esq.
Kangaroo -
■ bandara.
Hand -
- marranga.
Opossum -
■ wajan.
2 Blacks -
- blala marrin
Tame dog -
■ merrigang.
3 Blacks -
- wajala boor mar
Wild dog -
- merail.
rin.
Emu -
- ngooroon.
One -
- boor.
Black duck -
- boothan-baan.
Two -
- wajala, blala.
Wood duck
- koonaroo.
Three -
- blala boor.
Pelican
litaghiug jackass
Pour -
- wajala- wajala.
Native companion kroobanben.
Pather
- papang.
White cockatoo
Mother
- najan.
Crow -
wagoolan.
Sister-Elder
- namang.
Swan -
koonyak.
,, Younger
- kalian.
Egg -
kabango.
Brother-Elder
- dejan.
Track of a foot
jennum.
,, Younger kookong.
Pish -
manjar.
A young man
- warrambal.
Lobster
notkun.
An old man
- ierrabaane.
Crayfish
barranjerk.
An old woman
J to"
- kowandit.
Mosquito -
- nilakmun.
A baby
- waeu.
Fly -
ngago.
Snake
- tetohogang.
A White man
- mumogang.
The Blacks -
marrin.
Children -
- waemnerang.
A Blaokf ellow
marrin.
Head
- kuttegang.
A Black woman
ballan.
Eye -
- kindthuno.
Nose -
noor.
Ear -
- jenna-nana.
MONEROO.
43a
No. 191.— MoTSEROO— continued.
Mouth
- yerra, nana.
Boomerang -
- warranin.
Teeth -
• mundtho, nana.
Hill -
- boolo.
Hair of the head
- yerrang.
Wood- -
- ngalu, murru.
Beard -
- yerran.
Stone -
- koorogang.
Thunder -
- merbil.
Camp -
- baanja.
Grass -
- nallook.
Tongue
- thalline.
Yes -
- yayoo.
Stomach
- yugerin.
No
- murro.
Breasts
- banannu.
I
- ngiamba.
Thigh -
- darra.
You -
- nindega.
Foot -
- yenote.
Bark -
- thorrang.
Bone -
- kakak.
Good -
- mowdang.
Blood -
- kooroban.
Bad - -
- mado, jamogang
Skin -
- watnana.
Sweet -
- yellagine.
Pat -
- bewan.
Food -
- thauang.
Bowels
- thowang.
Hungry
- merra.
Excrement -
- guanang.
Thirsty
- chuta.
War-spear -
- yarraka
Eat -
- thai-i.
Reed-spear -
- jerwang.
Throwing-stiok
- berrimi, baar.
Sleep -
- kappuga.
Shield
- ngmal.
Drink -
- ngo-ye-a.
Tomahawk -
- ngmalagan.
Walk -
- yerrabe.
Canoe -
- mamat.
See - -
- nai.
Sun -
- warrangur.
Sit - -
- ngalaga.
Moon -
- jingai.
Yesterday -
- beami boor.
Star -
- wagang.
To-day
- myaro.
Light - -
- thaik.
To-morrow -
- ngoongang.
Dark -
- katata.
Where are the ngandoo marrin
Cold - -
- thurrun.
Blacks?
Heat -
- booreo.
I don't know
- ngandagun.
Day -
- thaik.
Plenty
- yapang.
Night - -
- watha.
Big - -
- mineba.
Fire -
- ngagung.
Little -
- koobeang.
Water
- maniak.
Dead -
- birragan.
Smoke
- thairra.
By-amd-by -
- balloot.
Ground
- widdin.
Come on
- kajoo.
Wind -
- yerrung.
Milk -
- mimin.
Rain -
- karrit.
Eaglehawk -
- mirrung.
God - -
-
Wild turkey
- karook.
Ghosts
- birribang.
Wife -
- maan.
VOL. III.
2
E
434 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE.
No. 198.— TWOFOLD BAY.
,By the late Revd. William Ridley.
The following few words are extracted from Ridley's Kamil-
aroi, a work of which, the author has many times availed
himself. As the Twofold Bay country was the locality at
which the descendants of the Sydney tribes which followed
the coast to the southward and those which, taking an inland
course, reached the Yarra, Gippsland, Omeo, and the southern
confines of the Twofold Bay country met, it is to regretted
that the vocabulary preserved is so scanty. The only words
it contains which serve for comparison are the following: —
I - - - ngaiadha.
Thou (you) - - indiga.
Father - - baba.
Mother - - minga.
Mamung is given as a proper name for a sister in a
family, but in the Sydney language we have mamuna, and in
that spoken from Jervis Bay to Mount Dromedary we have
the same word mamung meaning sister. Hence I have no
doubt that Mr. Ridley was in error when he took the
word down as a proper name. This is strong evidence of the
tribe being of Sydney descent; otherwise the first three of
the four words given above are too common in root through-
out Australia to help us to any conclusion on the subject.
We know, however, that the Twofold Bay Blacks themselves
were always in alliance with those about Mount Dromedary
and to the northward of that point, and at war with the
Gippsland and Snowy River tribes ; a state of things which
we always find existing at points at which portions of the
race long separated have again come into contact.
BOOK THE EIGHTEENTH.
2 E 2
BOOK THE EIGHTEENTH.
PEEFATORY REMARKS.
The tribes treated of in tMs book belong almost entirely
to Victoria. They occupy tlie south-western extremity of
the Eastern Division of the continent, and their languages
may easily be traced as far north as the Maclntyre River.
The close connection of these tongues admits of no doubt,
as also their difference from the Lower Murray and Lake
Alexandrina form of speech, with which they come in con-
tact at Lacepede Bay. The following table will instance
both of these facts : —
English.
Murray Lakes.
Mount Gambler.
Tatlarra.
Swan Hill.
Kangaroo -
Wangami -
Kooraa -
Mindyun
Koorengi.
Emu -
Pinyali
Kower -
Kowir -
Kurwing.
Pelican
Nori -
Parangal
Waroopool -
Purtanal.
Laughing
Kukukki -
Kooartang -
Kooungal
Koongo.
jackass
Swan -
Kungari
Koonowoor -
Koonooer
Konawar.
Father
Nanghai -
Marme -
Maame -
Mamoo.
Head -
Kurle
Boop -
Boorp -
Poibo.
Eye -
PiiU -
Mir
Mir
Mirnoo.
Ear -
Plombe
Wrung -
Wirambool -
Wirmpoolo.
Hair -
Kuri -
Ngurla boop-
Ngarapoorp -
Nguragnoo.
Beard -
Menake
Ngur la ngerne
Ngainye
Ngenengroo.
Fire -
Kene -
Wurnap
Wanyep
Wurnaway.
Smoke
Muldi, kare
Booloing
Borring -
Boorangni.
Bark -
Yorle-
Moondart
Mitch -
Mickoo.
Sleep -
Muwe
Kooma -
Kombian
Komba.
Walk -
Ngoppun -
Yan -
Yanna -
Yanna.
To-day
Hikkai
nungge
Keto -
Kaiejung
KeeU.
Come on
Yelellai -
Kooki -
Yannag
Kaki, yanna.
438 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
For the most part the names of the tribes in this south-
western extremity of the Eastern Division are the negative
adverbs of their several languages, and we see that as a fresh
tribe came by secession into existence it often invented for itself
a new negative adverb. It also frequently altered its equiv-
alent for the Blacks. In the Tyntynder, Piangil, Kulkyne,
and Tatiarra dialects we find kaalk, kulko, or other similar
words meaning bone or wood, or both of them. We also
meet with kallak and kalk on the Upper Glenelg as wood,
and the same word occasionally as far north as the heads of
the Mitchell and Walsh Rivers signifying war-spear. In a
general way, however, it is wood and fire that we find
related.
The partial differences found in some of the vocabularies
in this book are in accordance with the fact, which I have
several times observed myself, that a section of a tribe,
or even a family, will occasionally develop some variety of
speech. As an instance, we find the words of the first of
the two Tatiarra vocabularies ending with great frequency
with the sound ik or ek, which is almost absent from the
other.
The following phrases, belonging to one of the Laichi-
laichi families, were kindly forwarded to me by Mr. McLeod,
who I understand speaks the language. The variation in the
use of the negative adverb will be noticed: —
Here (is some) - kimma.
Presently I will tartemnully
eat opossum tohowa welang.
Emu good (Emu is karwingi delgi.
the best)
Where (are you) winga yangnowa?
going ?
I will go (too) - yeta yoowannur.
(I am very) tired mikkgun.
Where (are the) winga wortongi?
Blacks ?
(I have) not seen lachong
(them) nurongan.
Where (are all the) winga
women ? moroignee ?
(They are) fishing yoo-ong-illa.
One woman (is at) gea-abbi neyaw
Bumbang Bumbang.
Two women (are boralgi neyaw
at) Kulkyne Kulkyne.
(I am) hungry - krenambun.
Give (me some) wookey burnimo.
food
(Well ! go to) sleep koomba ulli.
you
Where (is) my winga yaun
husband ? lieuki ?
SWAN HILL AND TYNTYNDER. 439
(You) will see him yenga nuUi
presently tartem.
I see two women yetti nyen
boolagi lieu.
Where (is my) winga kooyoni ?
war-spear ?
(I have) not seen laoha ninon.
(it)
Give me one - wakey nung
kaiup.
(Do) not talk - laoha yama.
WhenwillTommy winga winyari-
come back ? gen Tommy 1
When go you ? - winga yang
nooa?
From this it will be seen that min^a means both where
and when, a form of speech which is found in the Bangerang
languages, and probably in others.
No. 199.— SWAN HILL AND TYNTYNDEE.
By John Bevekidoe, Esq.
The following information concerning the language of the
tribe which dwelt in the neighbourhood of Swan Hill and
Tyntynder, but few individuals of which now remain, was
kindly supplied by Mr. John Beveridge, who speaks it with
some fluency. Few of my correspondents have taken so
much trouble with the vocabularies they have forwarded to
me. The name of the tribe is Wotti-wotti* a reduplication
of the negative adverb of their language. A very good and
full account of this tribe has been published by the late Mr.
Peter Beveridge, a brother of my correspondent, who lived
many years amongst them, in which, however, the careful
reader will notice a few inaccuracies. The following is one
of them. At page 53 it is stated that nowie is not the equiv-
alent of sun in the Wotti-wotti language, whilst at pages
43, 45, and 56 we find sun translated by that term. The
same writer in his rendering of aboriginal words uses y, at
others ie, and at others i to express the sound of the Italian
i. In other cases I notice y has the sound which it bears in
the English word mi/; as, for instance, in l^oor = woman,
which I should write laioor.
* Mr. Peter Beveridge in his pamphlet spells it Watty-watty.
440
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 199.— Additional Woeds and Phbasbs.
Creek - - - loortowie, loorto-
kal, bemiwur.
Platypus - - mardi.
Husband - - lielu.
Body - - - (no term).
Back - - - wurtoo.
Beard - - - ngenintlinu.
Moustache - - miowooranthnu.
Rib - - - leningi.
Heart - - - pertinthnu.
Kidney - - wertinu.
Chest - - - thungo.
Lips - - - woortogno.
Elbow - - ngonyooro.
Plain - - - wurky.
Tree - - - kulky.
Leaf - - - kerenthu.
Flower - - beechon-beechon.
Yam - - - thabor.
Mud - - - bilby.
Mussel - - warmurn (large),
nunkir (small).
Lagoon ■ - gunbakoor.
Here - - - kima.
There - - - ngala.
My (own) mother yannaio baabai.
His (own) mother ngookaio baabin.
Your (own) mother ngineo baabin.
My (own) father yannaio maamai.
His (own) father ngookaio maa-
mai.
Your (own) father ngineo maamai.
, What Blackfellow that?
Walk - , -
- yana, yarwa.
Tell -
- lata, kaya.
Give -
- wogna, woga.
wook, woorda.
Hear -
- derbima.
Steal -
- bechin, becha.
Fight -
- waragnera.
Burn -
- puthuma, ngan-
gia.
Go away
- werawia.
Arrive
- berna, bemin,
wata.
Bird -
- (nogeneralname).
Plover
- mingerai.
Spurwing plover perrit-perrit. |
Bronze wing
tuppy.
pigeon
Crested pigeon
- kolumbilbob.
Nest (camp)
- lamoo, lingi.
Tail -
- pirko.
Wing -
- turtow.
Bill -
- woorogno.
Sky -
- terrili.
Cloud -
- moorngi.
Sand -
- kooraki.
Waterhole -
- yallum
Ashes -
- berrigni.
Grave -
- thumboo.
Gum -
- lili.
Tired (lit., sore
wara pynki.
flesh)
Alive -
- boorinyer.
Long -
- tuergini.
Short -
- toolentha, too-
logni.
Who is
that Blackfellow; i.e
Winyerangi woortongi ngata
I don't know.
Winta.
I cannot see him; i.e., Not I
Wotti
yetti ngakin.
SWAN HILL AND TYNTYNDER. 441
No. 199. — ^Additional Words and Phrases — continued.
(Do) you see that ■woman ?
Nginna ngakin ngata laioor ?
I saw her yesterday; i.e.. Yesterday I saw.
Karalko yetti ngyn.
She (is) pretty.
Noonthi kongin-kongin.
Ugly is that old woman.
Ngomloiwil ngata kuloor.
By-and-by many Blacks will arrive.
Darti koko woortongi birnin.
I see them now; i.e., Here I see.
Kima yetti ngakin.
Where ?
Wintala?
(A) good way off (on the) plain.
Kilothukkil wurkido.
(Do) you see that person ?
Nginma ngakin noonthalla ?
Long ago he back mine speared.
Jeleka noonthi wurtoo yanden boin.
To-morrow I will kill (him).
Munmunerbo yetti tukkin.
I see (an) emu, or emus.
Yette ngyn kurwing.
(Be) quiet.
Kapo.
(He is a) long way off.
Kilothukkil.
Silence !
Koorgni !
By-and-by I (will) spear (him).
Darti yetti boin.
He is coming to water; i.e.. Here comes water-drink.
Kaki yannin kertenarda.
No, he won't come to water; i.e., Not he come water.
Wotti ngoonthi yanna kertenarda.
I believe fat that one.
Yetti ngurangna pipaloo noonthi.
No, (all) bones.
Wotti, kulkali.
442 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 199.— Additional Wokds and 'Pbbas^s— continued.
Now I'll spear him; i.e., Here I spear.
Kima yanda boin.
There (he is) dead.
Thnala delbin.
He is fat; i.e., Plenty fat.
Koko pipaloo.
Come on ! make (a) fire.
Goway! puthama wurnaway.
(There is) no wood.
Wotti wurnaway.*
Well ! carry that one, there, trees.
Yeri toorta noonthi keo kulki.
Hungry I.
Berin yetti.
Hasten, eat.
Kakkai, jakkla.
By-and-by I (will) eat.
Darti yetti jakkla.
Where (are the) Blacks ?
Wintala woortongi ?
I don't know; literally, where.
Winta.
Nonsense speak you.
Ngurgnongnabbe nginma.
There, I saw (them at) Ulupna.
Keo, yetti ngyn Ulupna.
How many ?
Anaboo ?
Many.
Koko.
What (do they) eat?
Nalli jackla?
Emu, fruit, and flour.
Kurwing, cherenthu ngna, beechon-beechon.
What women (are) there ?
Wingeregni laioor keo?
Many.
Koko.
Has Tommy got a wife yet? i.e., How many Tommy got wife?
Anaboo Tommy magna murtamoo?
* This word means both;!re Bjad firewood.
SWAN HILL AND TYNTYNDER. 443
No. 199. — Additional Words and Phrases — continued.
Yes!
Ea!
Which Blacks gave her to him ? i.e.. Which Blacks gave that one?
Nalli woortongi woen noonthi?
Which girl did he get? i.e., Which girl he?
Nalli moorignoor noonthi?
He only got an old woman; i.e., No ! old woman.
Wotti! kuloor.
When (will the) Blacks here come ?
Natte woortongi kaki yanna?
(In) three days.
Pola ky-up ngeringnerinum.
Where is your wife ?
Wintala nginio laioor ?
To-morrow coming.
Munmunderbo bernin.
Have you seen my wife? i.e.. How much you seen my woman?
Anaboo nginna ngaken yanio laioor ?
Yes.
Ea.
Where?
Winta?
There, on the plain.
Keo wnrkerda.
What (is) she doing ?
Nanga noonthi wara ?
Where you went this day? (I) went (to the)
Winta or winthanga nginma yaen keeli ngengui? Yaen
mallee. What (did) you want there? I wanted
boorongarda. Nalli nginma yukka nua? yanda yukkin
lowan's eggs. Aye, aye, how many (did) you get ?
lowan mikko. Nga, nga, anabon nginma ngurmin ?
Plenty. Not you brought many here, because I
Koko. Wotti nginma mangna kirtawil kaki, yeri yanda
threw away many. Why you threw away addled
winia maranda. Nukka nginma winia wertawil
eggs? I like that kind. By-and-by I will get
mikko ? Yetti gera enganabo. Darti yanda ngurmin
others, and I not throw away addled eggs; I
yooia, nga yetti wotti winia wertawil mikko; yetti
will give (them) to you.
wongna nginma.
444
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
In addition to the foregoing phrases and short dialogues,
Mr. Beveridge sent me many others which I have not thought
it necessary to insert. Though they show well the rude form
of conversation .prevalent in our tribes, the ethnologist will
notice, amongst other things, Ihat the verbs as given are
wanting in the inflexions common to all Australian tongues.
As an instance, the present, future, and imperative of the
verb eat are all translated jiaMfo.
No. 199.— SWAN HILL AND TYNTYNDER.
By John BBVEKiDeE, Esq.
Kangaroo -
Opossum
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion 1
White cockatoo
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - -
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
My - -
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blaokfellow
A Black woman
Nose -
koorengi.
Hand -
- mumagna.
weeltengi.
2 Blacks -
- pola wootcha.
wirangen.
3 Blacks -
- pola kyup
kijiwing kurwi.
tolem.
ngurni.
purtagnal.
koongo.
koortani.
One -
Two -
Three -
Four -
Father
wootoha.
kyup or yoori.
pola.
dola kyup.
pola-pola.
mamoo.
kerenyi.
Mother
baboo.
wongi.
Sister-Elder
menoo.
konawar.
„ Younger
mirkoo.
Brother-Elder
wawoo.
toorake.
mtinchi.
chipel.
,, Youngei
A young man
An old man
kolkroon.
ngurambin.
yapi.
moontchi.
perti.
kani.
An old woman
A baby
A White man
kuloor.
popo.
ngurtangi.
wootcha.
Children -
pinko.
woortongi.
Head -
poibo.
leyoor.
Eye -
mirnoo.
leintoo.
Ear -
wirmpoolo.
SWAN HILL AND TYNTYNDER.
445
No. 199. — Swan Hill and Tyntyndee — contirmed.
Mouth
- worogna.
Boomerang -
- woni.
Teeth-
■ liannoo.
Hill or head
- poibo, poorpo.
Hair of the head
- nguragnoo poibo.
banyole.
Beard -
- ngenengroo.
Wood -
- kulki, wurnaway
Thunder . -
- munder.
Stone -
- mukki.
Grass -
- woolngi.
Camp ■
- lingi.
Tongue
- chellingnoo.
Yes -
- ea or oyer.
Stomach
- wotohowoo.
No - -
- wotti.
Breasts
- koimbo.
I-
- yetti.
Thigh -
■ kero.
You -
- nginti.
Foot -
- chinangoo.
Bark -
- michoo.
Bone -
- kulko.
Good -
- telko.
Blood -
- koorko.
Bad -
- waikidoo.
Skin -
- michoo.
Sweet -
- kooli, lerpi.
Fat -
- pipaloo.
Food -
- bernimoo.
Bowels
- gonangroo.
Hungry
- beea.
Excrement -
- gonangroo.
Thirsty
- konamia.
War-spear -
- bamar.
Eat -
- jakkla.
Reed-spear -
- tharami.
Sleep -
- komba.
Throwing-stick
- keri.
Drink -
- kopla.
Shield -
- kerami.
Walk -
- yanna.
Tomahawk -
- perti.
See -
- ngaekla.
Canoe -
- uTikooi.
Sit -
- ngennga.
Sun -
- nowi.
Yesterday -
- karalko.
Moon -
- mertein, mitian.
To-day
- keeli.
Star -
- toorti.
To-morrow -
- munmunerbo.
Light -
- ngaenngi.
Where are
the wiuthjegno
Dark -
- wooka, boorangi.
Blacks?
woortongi.
Cold -
- boiUnga, yebra.
I don't know
- wotte yetti
Heat -
- kurti.
derbima.
Day -
- ngaengi.
Plenty
- koko.
Night -
- wooka-boorangi.
Big -
- karaway.
Fire
- wurnaway.
Little -
- panoo.
Water -
- kerlini.
Dead -
- delbin.
Smoke -
- boto, boorangni.
Byand-by -
- darti.
Ground
- thungi.
Come on
- kaki! yanna!
Wind -
- weelangi.
Milk - -
- koombo, koimbo.
Rain -
- meerti.
Baglehawk -
- werpil.
God -
-
wad turkey
- -
Ghosts -
- ngurtangi.
Wife -
- murtamoo.
446
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 200.— ABOUT FIFTY MILES SOUTHERLY FROM SWAN
HILL.
By the Writee.
This language, which is called Mirdiragoort, is evidently related to the
Wotti-wotti dialect.
Kangaroo -
Opossum -
kora.
wille.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
werangen
kowir.
Black duck
Wood duck
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo - kurtuga.
Crow - - - wa.
Swan -
Egg - -
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish -
Mosquito -
Fly' - -
Snake
The Blacks
wirtoo.
A Blackfellow
A Black woman
laioor.
Nose -
■ kagna.
Hand -
mirnung.
2 Blacks ■
3 Blacks -
One - -
kaiup.
Two -
poolel.
Three
poolel kaip.
Four -
poolel pe poolel.
Father
manak.
Mother
baapek.
Sister-Elder
- kotooe.
„ Younger
Brother-Elder
- kotek.
,, Younger
A young man
An old man
An old woman
-
A baby
- popok, baingoor
A White man
Children -
-
Head -
- Poolpe
Eye -
- mer.
Ear -
- wirmboola.
FIFTY MILES SOUTHERLY FROM SWAN HILL.
447
No. 200.— About Fifty Miles Southerly from Swan Hill — cmXwmtA
Mouth-
■ garp.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- liya.
Hill -
Hair of the head
-
Wood -
-
Beard -
Stone -
Thunder -
- mundur.
Camp -
-
Grass -
- boait.
Yes -
-
Tongue
-
No -
-
Stomach
-
r-
-
Breasts
-
You -
-
Thigh -
-
Bark -
-
Foot -
- dohinna.
Good -
-
Bone -
Bad -
-
Blood -
-
Sweet -
-
Skin -
-
Food -
-
Fat -
-
Hungry
-
Bowels
Thirsty
Excrement -
- koodna.
Eat -.
- djekelinga.
War-spear -
-
Sleep -
-
Reed-spear -
-
Drink -
- gopark.
Throwing-stiok
-
Walk -
Shield or back
-
See -
.
Tomahawk -
- partek,
Sit -
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
- toord.
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are
Blacks?
the
Cold -
-
I don't know
Heat -
-
Plenty
Day -
-
Big -
-
Night -
-
Little -
Fire -
- wimup.
Dead -
-
Water -
- kartin.
By-and-by -
-
Smoke
-
Come on
^
Ground
Wind-
Rain -
- tiha.
- mirtuk.
Milk - -
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
-
Wife -
448
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 201.— PIANGIL.
By Thomas Macredie, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- korangi.
Opossum -
- bendindi.
Tame dog -
- kaU.
Wild dog -
-
Emu -
- barrimali.
Black duck -
- tholomi.
Wood duck
- mari.
Pelican
- neuankari.
Laughing jackass koori.
Native companion turkanyi.
White cockatoo
- juranyi.
Crow -
- willachali.
Swan -
- dunabogi.
Egg - -
■ maiki.
Track of a foot
- yaanyi.
Fish -
- wirrumjali
Lobster
- chiboli.
Crayfish
- yappi.
Mosquito -
- mungi.
Fly -
- pichi.
Snake
- karni.
The Blacks
- woonyi.
A Blackf ellow
- woonyi.
A Black woman
- laioorki.
Nose -
■ djaindo.
Hand -
•• momanjdng
2 Blacks -
- bolaja woonyi
3 Blacks -
- bolaja yetua
woonyi.
One -
- yetua.
Two -
- bolaja.
Three -
- bolaja yetua.
Four -
- bolaja bolaja.
Father
- marmi.
Mother
- kornoo.
Sister-Elder
- mekana.
,, Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- mia.
,, Younger
A young man
- kulkooi.
An old man
- bukulki.
An old woman
- kallawur.
A baby
- baenyi.
A White man
- kuthobi.
Children
- bobi.
Head -
- boebo.
Eye -
- maingo.
Ear -
- cholarndoo.
PIANGIL.
i^
No. 201.— ViAsaiij— continued.
Mouth
- wooroogoo.
Boomerang -
.
Teeth -
- narrookoo.
Hill -
.
Hair of the head
- na boebo.
Wood- •-
- knlki,
Beard
- nyamygo.
Stone -
- matchi.
Thunder -
- mundari.
Grass -
Tongue
- wooloogi.
- talayin.
Camp -
Yes -
- laiinyea.
- ea.
Stomach
- bellanyin.
No -
- wattai.
Breasts
- tandioo.
I
- nulgi.
Thigh
- boyarbin.
You -
- nundi.
Foot -
- jennanyim.
Bark -
- toolambi.
Bone -
- kalko.
Good -
- bai-ai-oo.
Blood -
- koorkioo.
Bad -
- wykatanyee.
Skin -
- loopko.
Sweet -
- bango.
Fat -
- kalbendioo.
Food -
- tarochi.
Bowels
- papgoonamyin.
Hungry
- dabun.
Excrement -
- kooanyin.
War-spear -
- kalkarangoyono.
Thirsty
- gonamoo.
Reed-spear -
- banyoondi.
Eat -
- jikanal.
Throwing-stiok
Sleep -
- koomba.
Shield -
- murkangi.
Drink -
- koopung.
Tomahawk -
- taiinya,
Walk -
- yangal.
Canoe -
- yungobi.
See -
- nykan.
Sun -
naianyi.
Sit -
- naiango.
Moon -
- tarongia.
Yesterday -
- kalko.
Star -
- toorti.
To-day
- jalinaika.
Light -
- waingi.
To-morrow -
- biioo.
Dark -
- booroongi.
Where are the
wiata-woonyi ?
Cold -
- buUoinkurrori.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- piugoon.
I don't know
- winda.
Day -
- nainye.
Plenty
- kopeko.
Night -
- boorongi.
Big -
- gurraway.
Fire -
- woonobi.
Little -
- baitan.
Water
tainyi.
Dead -
- dalbeia.
Smoke
- boti.
By-and-by -
- bawa.
Ground
dunyi.
Come on
- kagai.
Wind -
woolanyi.
Milk -
-
Rain -
maitoheri.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
veil. III.
2
F
450
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 201.— PIANGIL.
By the Writer.
Kangaroo -
korangi.
Hand -
- munani.
Opossum
paangendi.
2 Blacks -
- polaigilla woani.
Tame dog -
kalli.
3 Blacks -
- polaigilla yaitna
Wild dog -
woani.
Emu -
buraimalli.
One -
- yaitna.
Black duck -
tolo'mi.
Two -
- polaigilla.
Wood duck -
naari.
Three -
- polaigilla yaitna.
Pelican
nanangore.
Four -
- polaigill-poUai-
Laughing jackass
kori.
giU.
Native companion torkanyi.
Father
- maamoo.
White cockatoo
kerangi.
Mother
- konoo.
Crow -
walechin.
Sister-Elder
- maina.
Swan -
Egg - -
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish ' -
Mosquito
Fly -
thanabootoh.
neki.
- chinanya.
baanda.
yabbechi.
- mungi.
beti.
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
Young
A young man
An old man
An old woman
A baby
- waawoo.
er
- paitoo.
- pokkoni.
- tillibillechi.
- pobi.
Snake -
kaani.
A White man
- kotoli.
The Blacks -
woani.
Children
- marandobangi.
A Blaokfellow
■ woani.
Head -
- poibi.
A Black ■« Oman
laiorki.
Eye -
- maingi.
Nose -
changi.
Ear -
- toolandi.
PTAISTGIL.
4
No. 201.— PiA>
'OIL — contimied.
Mouth
- woroni.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- ngaroohi.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head - ngua-poihi.
Wood -
- baali, kaalki.
Beard -
- ninini.
Stone -
- kandogi.
Thunder -
- mundari.
Camp -
- laingi.
Grass -
- woolngi.
Yes -
- iia.
Tongue
Stomach
- chelengi.
- beleni.
No - -
- waati.
Breasts
- koimbi.
I
- nitte.
Thigh -
- kaingi.
You -
• ninte.
Foot -
- chinnaan.
Bark -
- laikoti.
Bone -
- bembo.
Good - -
- baioo.
Blood - -
- karko.
Bad -
- chilka.
Skin -
- looko.
Sweet -
- baioo.
Eat -
- kalbindo.
Eood -
- wilberoo.
Bowels
- beto.
Hungry
- tabun.
Excrement -
- koonanga.
Thirsty
- konema.
War-spear -
- kooiooni.
Eat -
- thowun.
Reed-spear -
- panondi.
Sleep -
- koombian.
Throwing-stiok
Shield-
- chaieki
- markandgi.
Drink -
- kopan.
Tomahawk -
- thaieni.
Walk -
- yanna.
Canoe -
- yangoibi.
See -
- natohi.
Sun -
- ngaiingi.
Sit -
- ngaiingun.
Moon -
- tooroongoi.
Yesterday -
- kalko.
Star - -
- tooti.
To-day
- naiki.
Light -
- waingo.
To-morrow -
- tai-ai-oo.
Dark -
- borongi.
Where are
the wuntha woani
Cold - -
- poloinga.
Blacks?
Heat -
- nunga.
I don't know
- winda.
Day -
- naiingi.
Plenty
- marandoo,
Night -
- borongi.
Big - -
- karawe.
Eire -
- wunabi.
Little -
- baiedain.
Water
- teeni.
Dead -
- telbi.
Smoke
- pooti.
By-and-by -
- bawa.
Ground
- thanni.
Come on
- kagai.
Wind - -
- willain.
Milk - -
-
Bain -
- maicheri.
Eaglehawk-
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
21
Wife -
'2
-
451
452
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 202.— BUMBANG, ON THE MURRAY RIVER.
Bt F. Coenby, Esq.
The name of the tribe is Laitchi-laitohi.
Kangaroo -
goyangi.
Opossum
wolangi.
Tame dog -
koUi.
Wild dog -
Emu -
karwingi.
Black duck -
toolomi.
Wood duck
naline.
Pelican
purtangil.
Laughing jackass
gongong.
Native companion gotarni.
White cockatoo -
kowa.
Crow -
wong.
Swan -
goonowong
Egg - -
meg.
Track of a foot -
Fish - - .
Lobster
Crayfish
ringwong.
Mosquito -
moonine.
Fly - - -
Snake - - -
kanni.
The Blacks -
woortongi.
A Blackfellow -
A Black woman -
lioo.
Nose -
geangi.
Hand -
- munnagi.
2 Blacks -
-
3 Blacks -
-
One -
- geyabi.
Two -
- boolagi.
Three -
- boolagi geyabi.
Four -
- boolagi-boolagi
Father
- mamai.
Mother
- papai.
Sister-Elder
- chage.
,, Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- moondoondi.
,, Younger bambi.
A young man
- tininur.
An old man
- mowmi.
An old woman
- bowbi.
A baby
- boobop.
A White man
-
Children
-
Head -
- popi.
Eye -
- mingi.
Ear -
- wirabola.
BUMBAKG, ON THE MURRAY RIVER.
453
No. 202
.— BUMEANG, ON THE
MnRBAY River-
—contimied.
Mouth
- menna.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- liang.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head- narapopi.
Wood - -
- kulgi.
Beard -
- narringee.
Stone -
- mukki.
Thunder -
-
Camp -
- lang
Grass -
- boadgi.
Yes -
- Tiia.
Tongue
_
No -
- laitchi.
Stomach
- yami.
Breasts
- kutabi.
I-
- yatti, yanga.
Thigh -
- tandi.
You -
-
Foot -
- jennagi.
Bark -
- mori.
Bone -
- bimbi.
Good -
- delgi.
Blood - -
- gooki.
Bad - -
-
Skm -
- metcha.
Sweet -
-
Fat -
- pibola.
Food -
- jakkalub.
Bowels
- kurnangi.
Hungry
- krenambun.
Excrement -
- galingi.
Thirsty
_
War-spear -
- kooiooni.
Eat -
- boolagegelup
Reed-spear -
- mooli
Throwing- stick
- kurigi.
Sleep -
- kompaup.
Shield
- geyami.
Drink
- goobilup.
Tomahawk -
-. patigi.
Walk - -
- yannow.
Canoe -
- longoi.
See - -
- yettang.
Sun -
- uowingi.
Sit -
- nienga.
Moon -
- miteyan.
Yesterday -
-
Star -
- toorti.
To day
- dartigima.
Light -
- beber.
To-morrow -
- mordar.
Dark -
- koUi.
Where are the
Cold -
- mangi.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- kute.
I don't know
-
Day -
- nowingi.
Plenty
-
Night -
- paungi.
Big -
- wittab.
Fire -
- woomabbi.
Little -
- bamikum.
Water
- kartini.
Dead -
- waekin.
Smoke
- burringi.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- gangi.
Come on
- yennaga
Wind-
- wilangi.
Milk - -
-
Rain -
- mangi.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosta
-
Wife -
-
454
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 203.— KULKYNE.
By the
Writer.
Kangaroo -
- koaing.
Hand -
- mifnongi.
Opossum -
- willang.
2 Blacks -
- polaidjiwortongi.
Tame dog -
- kaali.
3 Blacks
■~ polaidji kiap
Wild dog -
-
wortongi.
Emu -
- karawingi.
One -
- kiap.
Black duck -
- tolomi.
Two -
- polaidji.
Wood duck-
- ngalain.
Pelican
- booluneal.
Three -
- polaidji kiap.
Laughing jackass kongo.
Four -
- polaidji a polaidji
Native companion kotorni.
Father
- mamai.
White cockatoo
- kawa.
Mother
- papai.
Crow -
- waangi.
Sister-Elder
- chache.
Swan -
- koo-no-wang.
„ Younger
-
Egg - -
- mikke.
Brother-Elder
- waawe.
Track of a foot
- chinnano.
„ Young
sr
Fish -
- birndi.
A young man
- balarje.
Lobster
-
An old man
- ngarambin.
Crayfish
- wolona.
An old woman
- kalao.
Mosquito -
- moaing-moaing.
Fly - -
- betegi.
A baby
- popop.
Snake -
- kaanyi.
A White man
- ngatang.
The Blacks -
- wortongi.
Children -
- paimbango.
A Blaokfellow
- wortongi.
Head -
- popai.
A Black woman laiyoo.
Eye -
- mingi.
Nose -
- jenji.
Bar -
- wimboli.
KULKYNE.
455
No. 203. — Kttlkyne — continued.
Mouth
- gappe.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- liangi.
Hill -
.
Hair of the head- pope.
Wood -
- wurnambie, kaalk
Beard -
- ngaragi.
Stone -
- maaki.
Thunder -
- murnda.
Grass -
- boaidji.
Camp -
- laangi.
Tongue
- challinge.
Yea -
- ai-ai.
Stomach
- wichobi.
No -
- laitohe.
Breasts
- kombi.
I
- yatte.
Thigh -
- barabo.
You -
- ngiuna.
Foot -
- ohinnongi.
Bark -
- ngori.
Bone -
- kaalk.
Good -
- talge.
Blood -
- kok.
Bad -
- chelegan.
Skin -
- mitche.
Sweet -
- talge.
Fat -
- kaanjo.
Food -
- birnimi.
Bowels
- warrongi.
Hungry
- kanamban.
Excrement -
- komongi.
Thirsty
- konbunan. .
War-spear -
- wirtyulgaione.
Eat -
- chekilian.
Reed-spear -
- chaame.
Thro wing-stick
- kairki.
Sleep -
- komban.
Shield
- keami.
Drink -
- kopelian.
Tomahawk -
- battegi.
Walk -
- yawan.
Canoe -
- longwe.
See -
- ngawan.
Sun -
- ngwingi.
Sit -
- ngewau.
Moon -
- mittean.
Yesterday -
- chilalog.
Star -
- toorti.
To-day
- taitigin.
Light -
- wai-inge.
To-morrow -
- mordur.
Dark -
- bondji.
Where are the
windje wortongi?
Cold -
- mendji.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- kattai, walpam-
unda.
I don't know
- windja.
Plenty
- ketawi.
Day -
- ngarwingi.
Big -
- wirtoor.
Night -
- alogobondji.
Little -
- barnigam.
Fire -
- wirnabi.
Dead -
- wegan.
Water
- kaatini.
Smoke
- poringi.
By-and-by -
- kalwa, chilaloga.
Ground
- janji.
Come on
- yeimaga.
Wind -
- willangi..
Milk - -
-
Kain -
- naanji.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
.
Wife - -
-
456
THE AUSTRALIAN EACE :
No. 204.— THE TATIAERA COUNTRY.
By William Haynes, Esq.
There are still in the Tatiarra country remnants of the
several associated tribes whose numbers in the aggregate are
thought to have reached five hundred. In speech they
differed somewhat, as will be seen by the two vocabularies
given. It is singular that, in both of them, there is but one
word for hungry and dead.
No. 204.— THE TATIAERA COUNTRY.
Kangaroo -
- mindyun.
Hand -
- manyarek.
Opossum -
- willa.
2 Blacks -
- polatch woychi-
Tame dog -
- kal.
birik.
Wild dog -
- wilkra.
3 Blacks -
-
Emu -
- kowir.
One -
■ kyap.
Black duck -
- narri.
Two -
- polatch.
Wood duck-
- tarriwut.
Three -
- polatch po kyap.
Pelican
-
Four -
- polatch po
Laughing jackass koorungal.
polatch.
Native companion koortchin.
Father
- miamik.
White cockatoo
- chinap.
Mother
- piapik.
Crow -
- wa. ,
Sister-Elder
- chiaohek.
Swan -
- koonooer.
,, Younger
- kotundek.
Egg - -
- murrek.
Brother-Elder
- wiawek.
Track of a foot
Pish -
- paring.
,, Younger gotek.
Lobster
A young man
- kolkroon.
Crayfish
.
An old man
- narrambin.
Mosquito -
- kurrek-kurrek.
An old woman
- narramgook.
Ely .
- bachick.
A baby
- windek-windek.
Snake -
- koronwil.
A White man
-
The Blacks -
- woychibirik.
Children -
- poopoop.
A Blackfellow
- woychibirik.
Head -
- poorpek.
A Black woman
- lyrook.
Eye - -
- murrinyek.
Nose -
- kanyik.
Ear -
- woormbilek.
THE TATIARRA COUNTRY.
457
Nc
. 204. — The Tatiabra Covffinr— continued.
Mouth
- charpek.
Boomerang -
- karum-karum
Teeth -
- leor.
Hill -
- porpook.
Hair of the head
- narranyek.
Wood -
- wooling.
Beard -
- nanyingek.
Stone -
- kotchep.
Thunder -
- mumda.
Camp -
- laar.
Grass -
- powatch.
Yes ■
- nia.
Tongue
- challinck.
No -
- wawrek.
Stomach
- billinyek.
I - -
- yerrowik.
Breasts
- koornbek.
You -
- yerrowin.
Thigh- ..
- kairitek.
Bark -
- mitch.
Foot -
- chiniek.
Good -
- daelk.
Bone- -
- kalkek.
Bad -
- yatchin.
Blood -
- korrekek.
Sweet -
-
Skin -
Fat -
Bowels
- miitchek.
- papool.
- pochek.
Food - -
Hungry
Thirsty
- pauyim.
- wikin.
- walpen.
Excrement -
- koonna.
Eat -
- chekalun.
War-spear -
- koioon.
Sleep -
- dorran.
Reed-spear -
-
Drink -
■■ kopan.
Throwing-stiok
- karrek.
Walk -
- yannuk.
Shield
- potwil.
See - -
- naiangun.
Tomahawk -
- patchek.
Sit -
- niowun.
Canoe -
-
Yesterday -
- chalgar.
Sun -
Moon -
Star - -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
- neowi.
- miitchun.
- trot.
- waiing.
- porrung.
- moortangi.
- walpen.
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks ?
I don't know
Plenty
- yingmona.
- paerpaerk.
windiatch.
- barwingi.
- ketchawil.
Day - -
- neowi.
Big - -
- koerung.
Night - -
- porrung-porrung.
Little -
- paer.
Fire -
- wanyep.
Dead -
- wikin.
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind - -
Rain -
- katchin.
- porring.
- jarr.
- willa.
- maiung. .
By-and;by -
Come on
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
- marlok.
- yaunaka.
- koorun.
- wirepil.
God - -
-
Wild turkey
- narrow.
Ghosts
- uarkook.
Wife -
- matchimek.
458
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 204.— THE TATIARRA COUNTRY.
Bt the Writer.
Kangaroo -
mindja.
Hand -
manya.
Opossum -
wille.
2 Blacks -
polaitch baang.
Tame dog -
kaal.
3 Blacks -
polaitch pe kaiup
Wild dog -
baang.
Emu -
kowir.
One -
kaiup.
Black duck -
ngare.
Two -
polaitch.
Wood duck
bea-pe-up.
Pelican
waroopool.
Three -
polaitch pe kaiup.
Laughing jackass krong-krong.
Four -
polaitch polaitch.
Native companion
nawl-ko-ong.
Father
maame.
Wliite cockatoo
ginyap.
Mother
baab.
Crow -
war.
Sister-Elder
chache.
Swan -
koonawar.
,, Younger
Egg -
mirk.
Brother-Elder -
waawe.
Track of a foot
paring. *
,, Younger
Fish -
A young man
namborongworo.
Lobster
An old man
ngarambe.
Crayfish
■ yapitch.
An old woman
ngarambango.
Mosquito -
- kraig-kruk.
Ply -
batchik.
A baby
wiirendetch
Snake -
kornmul.
A White man
- wainman.
The Blacks -
baang.
Children -
A Blackfellow
- baang.
Head -
■ boorp.
A Black woman
- baiambangoo.
Eye -
- mir.
Nose •
■ kaar.
Ear -
wirambool.
THE TATIARRA COUNTRY,
459
No. 204. — The Tatiabra Country — continued.
Mouth
- chalalk.
Teeth -
- liia.
Hair of the heac
- ngarapoorp.
Beard -
- ngainye.
Thunder -
- murndar.
Grass
- boaitoh.
Tongue
- ohalle.
Stomach
- charoen.
Breasts
- chang.
Thigh -
- kra.
Foot -
- chinna.
Bone -
- kaalk.
Blood -
- kork.
Skin -
- tallang.
Fat -
- perpool.
Bowels
- bille.
Excrement -
- koonna.
War-spear -
- koioon.
Reed-spear -
- jeran.
Throwing-stiok
- kaarik.
Shield
- malkar.
Tomahawk -
- bai-e-jik
Canoe -
- yongoe.
Sun -
- irangool.
Moon -
- yern.
Star -
- toort.
Light -
- yaap.
Dark -
- boroin.
Cold - -
- monmot.
Heat -
- kaije.
Day -
- yerungoori.
Night -
- boroin.
Fire -
- wi.
Water
- kaiejin.
Smoke
- borring.
Ground
- ja.
Wind- -
- warwort.
Rain -
- miring.
God - -
-
Ghosts
-
Boomerang -
-
Hill -
-
Wood -
- wolling.
Stone -
- laa.
Camp -
- iray.
Yes - -
- nge.
No -
- allan'ya.
I-
- chormek.
You -
- choramin.
Bark -
- tokur.
Good - -
- tealk
Bad - -
- yikam.
Sweet -
- tealk.
Pood -
- baiuyim,
Hungry
- wiikan.
Thirsty
- brangunyan.
Eat -
- chekellea.
Sleep -
- kombian.
Drink -
- kopan.
Walk -
- yauna.
See -
•■ nyawan.
Sit - -
- ngeuna.
Yesterday -
- chalegi.
To-day
- kaiejung.
To-morrow -
- beurbe.
Where are
the wLnja baang ?
Blacks?
I don't know
- windja baaka
Plenty
- kidjowil.
Big - -
- korong.
Little -
- baan.
Dead -
- wiikin.
By-and-by -
- kaiejong.
Come on
- yannag.
Milk -
-
E^glehawk -
-
Wild turkey
-
Wife - -
.
460 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 205.— MOUNT GAMBIER.
By D. Stewart, Esq.
The following information concerning the Mount Grambier
Blacks, and vocabulary of the language of the Booandik
tribe, were forwarded to me by Mr. D. Stewart.
The Mount Gambier Blacks, I learn from my informant,
are divided into several tribes, which, in conversation, were
readily distinguishable by certain words, phrases, and accents
peculiar to each. Some, for instance, used the sound of the
letter I in words from which others omitted it, as kooler,
kooer --= an egg; and malange, maange = mife. Others used or
omitted k in certain words, as mookine, wooine^ elbow; and
wuka, wena=strike. In terms of relationship the suffix -ine
is equivalent to my, as mar m=' father, marmine=my father;
ngate=mother, ngatine=my mother. Marmine wan is the
equivalent of my father'' s brother if he exercises occasionally
the right of husband over the speaker's mother, but he is
addressed as waitine if he does not exercise such right. A
woman addresses her grand-daughter as mootngoon when a
child, and as ngurpine when grown up. Mr. Stewart, who is
an excellent authority, is not aware that any distinction in
terms is made when speaking of or to the children of a man's
brother and those of his sister. The same terms of relation-
ship are applied to both.
As the Mount Gambier Blacks have no expression for
numbers above 4, except the tevvas paroong and karli=many,
they fix the date of a future meeting in this way. The
spokesman places the index finger of his right hand on his
head, then in succession on his neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist,
thumb,- and fingers of one or both hands if necessary, dis-
tinguishing each of these portions of the body with a different
word, each word representing a day, and arranging at which
of them the meeting shall take place. The same custom I
MOUNT 6AMBIER. 461
have noticed in my Recollections of Squatting as in use in
the Bangerang tribes.
These Blacks, Mr. Stewart writes, are divided into two
classes, which, from their disposition to quarrel, he is almost
disposed to call factions. They are called Kumite and
Krokee, and when applied to the females Kumitegor and
Krokeegor respectively. A Kumite can only marry a Kro-
keegor, and a Krokee a Kumitegor. An infringement of
this law is held in aborrence as incestuous. Mothers-in-law
and sons-in-law studiously avoid each other. A father-in-
law converses with his son-in-law in a low tone of voice, and
in a phraseology diifering somewhat from the ordinary one.
The Kumite and Krokee classes are each divided into five
sub-classes, under which are ranked certain objects which
they call tooman =^ flesh, or mngo ^friend. AU things in
nature belong to one or the other of these ten sub-classes.
For instance, under Kumite we have —
1st. Boort ma = the crow, to which belong rain, thunder,
lightning, hail, clouds, &c.
2nd. Boort moola = the fish-hawk, to which class belong
smoke, honeysuckle, trees, &c.
3rd. Boort parpangal = the pelican, to which belong the
blackwood-tree, fire, frost, dog, &c.
4th. Boort wilier = the black cockatoo, to which belong
the stars, moon, &c.
5th. Boort karato = a non-venemous snake, to which
belong eels, seals, the stringybark-tree, &c.
The Krokee classes are —
1st. Boort wereo = the ti-tree, under which are the
black duck, wallaby, opossum, crayfish, &c.
2nd. Boort laa = the turkey, to which belong the iolit
or small kangaroo, quail, certain edible roots, &c.
3rd. Boort karual = the white crestless cockatoo, to
which belong the kangaroo, the sheoak-tree, the
summer season, &c.
The particulars of the 4th and 5th Krokee boorts have
escaped from Mr. Stewart's memory.
462
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
These boorts have nothing tp do with marriage, so that a
Kumite may marry a Krokeegor of whatever sub-class she
may be; but to food they do refer, as it is only when dis-
tressed by want and hunger that a person will eat any of
the animals or roots which belong to his boort. When
hunger compels them to eat of their tooman or Toingo, they
express their sorrow by touching their breasts as a sign of
relationship.
Mr. Taplin relates in his Narrinyeri, p. 47, that two
of that tribe established themselves at Mount Gambier, but
language shows that the locality was peopled by offshoots of
the Eastern tribes.
Mr. Stewart gives the following Additional Words and
Phrases : —
Mullet - - - -
- kokber.
Lightning - . .
- minan-murn.
Trees - - - -
- poena.
Red gum-trees
- tartpeena.
Temporary camp
- nurom.
Winter camp
- karodoor.
My father - . -
- marmine.
Your father -
- marmoon.
His or her father
- marmoon.
The father of us two
- marmabo.
The father of you two
- marmong.
The father of those two -
- nungpalerat marmong.
Our father (plural) -
- marmano.
Your father (plural)
- marmorong.
Fathers of us two -
- marrabolalo.
Fathers of you two ■
- marmbolalong.
Fathers of those two
- nung calat marmbolong.
I am going
- yananga.
We two are going -
- yanangal.
We are going - . -
- yanange.
I went - - . .
- yaana.
We two went -
- yaanalo.
We went
- yaane.
MOUNT aAMBIER.
463
Additional Words — continued.
I went a long time ago -
We two went a long time
We went a long time ago
I will go -
AVe two will go
We will go - - ■
Where are you going ?
I am going for firewood ■
Did you go ? -
Go (or walk) fast
My wife - - - •
Your wife
Hia wife - -
My two wives -
My wives (over two)
- yapa.
ago - yapalo.
- yape.
- yowyeunga.
- yowyeallo.
- yowyeunge.
- na ngin yan ?
- wurnapo nga yan.
- na ngin yaan ?
- yanba yanka.
- malangine.
- malangon.
- malanoong.
- malaboline.
- malangaraine.
464
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 205.— MOUNT GAMBIER.
Kangaroo -
Opossum
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - - -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito
Ply - - -
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackf ellow -
A Black woman -
Nose -
kooraa (male).
kooramo.
kal or karl.
kar ua chum.
kower.
durner.
purner.
parangal.
kooartang.
wondi.
mar.
wa.
koonowoor.
kooler. -
tenanoong.
keler.
konkro.
kecho.
ulul.
koorang.
drooal.
drooal.
kineule.
kow.
Hand -
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three -
Four -
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
„ Younger -
Brother-Elder -
,, Younger
A young man
murna.
bolite drooal.
wrow-wong
drooal.
wondo.
bolite.
wrow-wong.
kurtor, kurtbano.
marm.
ngate.
date,
nereer.
wargale.
dote,
babater, wawar-
An old man
An old woman
A baby
A White man
Children
Head -
Eye -
Ear -
- koatparek.
- wi-at-a-wer.
- koonam.
- koomamir.
- koongapumim.
- boop.
- mir.
- wrung,
MOUNT GAMBIER.
465
No. 205. — Mount Gambiek — continued.
Mouth
- lo.
Boomerang -
- ketum-ketum.
Teeth -
- tunga.
Hill -
- boopik.
Hair of the head - ngur la boop.
Wood -
- wurnep.
Beard -
- ngur la ngerne.
Stone -
- raurl.
Thunder -
- murndal.
Camp -
- ngoorla nurom.
Grass -
- bootho.
Yes -
- nga.
Tongue
- tale.
No -
- ngin.
Stomach
- boole.
I
- ngatho.
Breasts
-pap.
You -
- ngooro.
Thigh- -
- prura.
Bark -
- moondart.
Foot -
- tena.
Good -
- murtong.
Bone -
- baa-aa.
Bad -
- wramg.
Blood -
- kamar.
Sweet -
- ngooit.
Skin -
- moor.
Food (vegetable)
- booang.
Fat -
- mumt.
„ (flesh) -
- tooman.
Bowels
- koonna.
Hungry
-
Excrement -
- koonna.
Thirsty
- koornoon.
War-spear -
- kooen.
Eat -
- dira.
Eieed-spear -
- (none).
Sleep -
. kooma, wilitch.
Throwing-stick
- koombine.
Drink -
- tata.
Shield
- malgar.
Walk -
- yan.
Tomahawk -
- peragor.
See -
- na-a.
Canoe -
- wola.
Sit -
-inga.
Sun -
- karo.
Yesterday -
- woordoomg.
Moon -
- toongoom.
To-day
- keto.
Star -
- boongil.
To-morrow -
- kalepa.
Light -
- karo.
Where are the
na drooal?
Dark -
- mola.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- moortona.
I don't know
- winana naan (not
Heat -
Day -
Night -
- woat.
- karo.
- mola.
Plenty
Big -
Little -
seen).
- parung, karli.
- woorong.
- mooroke.
Fire -
- wumap.
Dead -
- nooana; be-e a =
Water
- pare.
stinking.
Smoke
- booloing.
By-and-by -
- keto.
Ground
- mrade.
Come on
- kooki.
Wind-
- nerecha.
Milk - -
- papumboop.
Rain -
- kawine.
Eaglehawk -
- ngere.
God -
- (no name).
Wild turkey
- laa.
Ghosts
- woor.
Wife .
- mala.
VOL. III.
2
G
BOOK THE NOETEENTH.
BOOK THE NINETEENTH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
This book contains specimens of the languages of the western
portion of Victoria. The teaching of its vocabularies is that
the aborigines of this part of the colony are related to those
of the Murray River, in the vicinity of Swan Hill. The
first vocabulary inserted, No. 206, belongs to the tribes which
dwell, or dwelt, on and about Morton Plains, in connection
with which I have collected the following few Additional
Words: —
Lightning - - ■willebook.
Opossum-rug - willejookjook.
Be gone ! - - yannage !
Give me a drink - baitu makin.
Half-grown emu - wartipungmook.
I see two Blacks - nge noon poolet
koole.
The areas of country which are, or were, occupied singly
by the Victorian tribes are in many cases so small that it is
impossible to lay them down on the map, hence I have
grouped a number of vocabularies in No. 207, under the
designation of The Languages of Western Victoria, in order
to show their position. The aboriginal population of Victoria,
a country rich in aboriginal food, was, I am of opinion, greater
per square mile than was to be found in any other area of the
continent of equal extent ; not, it is important to notice, that
a tribe numbered more members, but that there were more
tribes. Perhaps an average Victorian tribe contained about
200 persons. I am of opinion that the tribes in Australia,
when undivided into marriage classes, did not often exceed
that number.
Swim -
yawa.
The Murray Rivei
mil-le.
Blow-fly -
barperik.
Codfish -
bajal.
Manna
leurp.
Plain -
wark.
Scrub -
peenoortigal.
Sandhill -
poorpook.
470
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
The languages of which specimens are given in this book
the Blacks themselves hold to be distinct, and each of them
has a separate name, but the reader will notice the differences
are minor ones — those of dialect. At the same time these
differences are numerous and sometimes confined to very small
tribes, if not indeed in some instances to one or two families.
They often display themselves in terminations, roots remain-
ing unchanged or nearly so. This may be instanced in the
two renderings I have received of the Hopkins River lan-
guages, as follows: —
Black duck
- thoorboorung
- toorpumk.
Pelican
- kirkpirap
- kurtpumk.
Hand -
- murrang -
- murrunk.
Stomach
- togong -
- tookonk.
Breasts
- nabung -
- nguppunk.
Thunder
- murndal -
- mirndunk.
Sleep -
- yoo-anan
- yournunk.
Head -
- pimaning
- peem.
Bye - -
- mimarnmg
- mirunk.
Ear
- wirmaming
- wirrunk.
Teeth -
- tinganarning -
- tungunk.
Other differences also exist. In the Lake Hindmarsh
vocabulary, for instance, we find the sound of ch very pre-
valent, and in that of Lake Wallace ek or ak commonly the
terminal sound of words expressive of the parts of the human
body. In the twelve vocabularies which this book contains
we have five distinct terms for tha Blacks; six for no, whilst
there are but two reaUy distinct words for yes.
Proper names seem to be declined in all of our languages.
I asked the intelligent young Black from whom I obtained
the vocabulary from the Glenelg, above Woodford, whether
he knew the Aboriginal Station on the Yarra. His reply was
" Korrendrook," the name of the station. Then he said laugh-
ing, Yaanaen Korrendroogo = I will go to Korrendrook.
I have always thought the Blacks of Victoria somewhat
in advance of their northern relatives; for though many of
their customs are the same, they are more decent generally;
do not go naked, and abstain, as a rule, from giving their
PREFATORY REMARKS. 471
daughters in marriage until they approach the age of
puberty. We see also in this book a few advances in
language. For instance, we generally have a distinct word
for 3, and occasionally for 4, in place of the compound
terms which the reader has so often met with. Also when
4 is expressed by the equivalent of two two, an equivalent
for and is found between them, which, if I remember rightly,
never occurs in the North. These little advances of the
Victorian Blacks I attribute to the more favorable conditions
of climate and food amidst which they have long existed.
In Western Victoria dwelt the tribes of which Mr. James
Dawson has" left a record in his Australian Aborigines, a
work in which are found many interesting details of
manners and language, and a few statements which I have
called in question in Vol. I., chapter 3.
472
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 206.— MORTON PLAINS.
By the Writer.
The language, of which what follows is a specimen, is called Brapkut.
It may be compared with Mirdiragoort and Tatiarra. With the latter it
almost agrees in its negative adverb.
Kangaroo -
kore.
Opossum
wille.
Tame dog -
kal.
Wild dog -
Emu - -
yawir.
Black duck -
Wood duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo
karupka
Crow -
wa.
Swan -
Egg - - -
mirk.
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly -
Snake
kornmil.
The Blacks -
koole.
A Blackfellow -
koole.
A Black woman -
paibagoo
Nose -
ka.
Hand -
- mumoo.
2 Blacks -
- poolet koole.
3 Blacks -
- poolet pe kaiup
koole.
One -
- kai-up.
Two -
- poolet.
Three -
- poolet pe kaiup.
Four -
- poolet poolet.
Father
- maam.
Mother
- baap.
Sister-Elder
- kotuk.
„ Younger
Brother-Elder
,, Younger
A young man
-
An old man
-
An old woman
-
A baby
- po-pop.
A White man
-
Children -
-
Head -
- boorp.
Eye - -
- mir.
Ear -
- wirbool.
MORTON PLAINS.
473
No. 206.— Morton VhAms— continued.
Mouth
- korn.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- lia.
mu -
kowa.
Hair of the head
-
Wood -
Beard -
-
Stone -
Thunder -
- murndal.
Camp -
Graas -
- boet.
Yes -
ngai-e.
Tongue
-
No '-
ngallanya.
Stomach
-
I - - -
nge.
Breasts
-
You -
Thigh -
-
Bark -
Foot -
- dchinna.
Good -
Bone -
-
Bad -
Blood -
-
Sweet -
Skin -
-
Food -
Fat -
-
Hungry
Bowels
-
Thirsty
konmun.
Excrement -
- koonna.
Eat - -
cheokalinarchin
War-spear -
- koioon.
Sleep -
kobe.
Reed-spear -
- jark.
Drink -
baitchek.
Throwing-stick
-
Walk -
yaanna.
Shield
- malkar.
See -
noon.
Tomahawk -
- parik.
Sit
Canoe -
-
Yesterday -
Sun -
Moon -
- ngawi.
- yen.
To-day
Star - -
- toort.
To-morrow -
parpo.
Light -
-
Where are the
Dark -
.
Blacks ?
Cold - -
-
I don't know
Heat -
-
Plenty
Day -
- maliiiawin.
Big -
porin.
Night -
- pooroin.
Little -
warchipoongup.
Fire -
- wi.
Dead -
dredaiin.
Water
- karlin.
By-and-by -
Smoke
- bort.
Come on
Ground
- dja.
Milk -
Wind -
-
Rain -
,
Eaglehawk -
God -
.
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife - - -
naoragorook.
474
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 207a.— LAKE HINDMARSH, UPPER REGIONS STATION,
AND LOWER WIMMERA.
By the
Wbitbe.
Kangaroo -
miinjun.
Hand -
munya.
Opossum -
wille.
2 Blacks
poUetch wootcha.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
kaal.
3 Blacks
poUetch pa kaiup
wootcha.
Emu -
kowir.
One -
kaiup.
poUetch.
poUetchpakaiup.
polletch pa pol-
letch.
Black duck -
Wood duck-
Pelican
Laughing jackass
ngari.
waalrung.
patchinga.
kroongkroong.
Two -
Three -
Four -
Native companion
kotchun.
Father
Mother
White cockatoo -
Crow -
chinnup.
waa.
maam.
paab.
Swan -
koo-noo-war.
Sister-Elder
chach.
Egg - -
mirk.
,, Younger
Track of a foot
paring bo chinna
Brother-Elder
waa.
Fish -
(no general
,, Younger
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito
Fly - - ■
Snake -
name).
wolonuk.
graigkrik.
pittik.
kornmil.
A young man
An old man-
An old woman
A baby
A White man
kolkoorn.
ngarambe.
kallagallagoork.
- pobop.
The Blacks
wootcha.
Children -
wiimditoh.
A Blackfellow
wootcha.
Head -
boorp.
A Black woman
laiarook.
Eye -
mir.
Nose -
kaa.
Ear -
- wirmbool.
LAKE HINDMAESH, UPPER REGIONS STATION. 475
No. 207a. — Lake Hindmaksh, Upper Regions Station, and Lower
Wimmeba-
—cimtiniKd.
Mouth
- charp.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- lia.
Hill - -
-
Hair of the head - ngarampoorp.
Wood-
- wunyup, kaalk.
Beard -
- nganyi.
Stone -
■ - kootchup.
Thunder -
- mumdar.
Camp -
- ira.
Grass -
- boaitch.
Yes -
- ng.
Tongue
- challe.
No -
- worrekaia.
Stomach
- biUi.
I
- aan.
Breasts
- chang.
You -
- chormin.
Thigh -
- kra.
Bark -
- dookoor.
Foot -
- chinna.
Good - -
- taalk.
Bone -
- kaalk.
Bad -
- yaatchung.
Blood -
- kork.
Sweet -
- taalk.
Skin -
- mitch.
Pood -
- paanyim bai
Fat -
- barpool.
yowir.
Bowels
- koonabarong.
Hungry
- wiika.
Excrement -
- koonna.
Thirsty
- brangoonya.
War-spear -
- kooioon.
Eat -
- chakkella.
Reed-spear -
- chaark.
Sleep -
- torra.
Throwing-stick
- kaarik.
Drink
- kopilla.
Shield
- botwel.
Walk
- yanga.
Tomahawk -
- batchik.
See -
- neikella.
Canoe -
- yoongooip.
Sit -
- ngenga.
Sun -
- ngowi.
Yesterday -
- challige.
Moon -
- mittean.
To-day
- ingoorne.
Star - -
- toort.
To-morrow -
- beruppa.
Light -
- yaap.
Where are the
- windga wootcha
Dark -
- mulparoin.
Blacks ?
bai laiarook?
Cold - -
- motmot.
I don't know
- nge.
Heat -
- walpa.
Plenty
- kitchowl.
Day -
- ngowi.
Big - -
- korong.;
Night-
- poroin.
Little -
- baan.
Fire -
- wanyup.
Dead -
- wiikin.
Water
- kaatyin.
Smoke
- boring.
By-and-by -
- maloknea.
Ground
- ja.
Come on -
- yannaga.
Wind-
- willa.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- mitchuk.
Eaglehawk -
•
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
.
Wife -
.
4?6
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 207b.— LAKE WALLACE AND NEIGHBOURHOOD.
By the
Writer.
Kangaroo -
- kore.
Hand -
- manyanek.
Opossum
- wille.
2 Blacks -
- poUaich baang.
Tame dog -
- kaal.
3 Blacks -
- poUaich pa kaiup
Wild dog -
-
baang.
Emu
- kowir.
One -
- kaiup.
Black duck -
- ngurri.
Two -
- pollaich.
Wood duck-
- bichangro.
Three -
- pollaich pa kaiup
Pelican
- doong.
Four -
- pollaich pa
Laughing jackass krong-krong.
pollaich.
Native companion koiyoon.
Father
- mami.
White cockatoo
- kaiyekker.
Mother
- papi.
Crow -
- waa.
Sister-Elder
- chaohi.
Swan -
- koonowar.
,, Younger
-
Egg - -
- mirk.
Brother-Elder
- wawi.
Track of a foot
Fish - . -
Lobster
- chinnayook.
- yeyook.
„ Younger
A young man - jawilli.
Crayfish
- yapitch.
An old man
An old woman
- ngammi.
- wegaregat.
Mosquito -
- krekrek.
Flv -
A baby
- popop.
Snake -
- kornmil.
A White man
-
The Blacks -
- baang.
Children
-
A Blackf ellow
- baang.
Head -
- propak.
A Black woman
- painbangoork.
Bye -
- mirnik.
Nose -
- kaangek.
Bar -
- wirmboolek.
LAKE WALLACE AND NEIGHBOURHOOD.
477
No. 207b.
—Lake Wallace and Neiohbotjehood— comimwecZ.
Mouth
- kanek.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- liangek.
Hill -
Hair of the head- ngamgek.
Wood -
- wi.
Beard -
- nganiek.
Stone -
- la.
Thimder -
- mumdar.
Camp -
- lerum.
Grass -
- boaitch.
Yes -
- uge.
Tongue
- chalingek.
No -
- ngalanya.
Stomach
- ballingek.
I
Breasts
- kroombook.
You -
-
Thigh -
-
Bark -
- mitcho'ok.
Foot -
- chinnanek.
Good -
-
Bone -
- kaalk.
Bad -
.
Blood -
- korkek.
Sweet -
_
Skin -
- miohek.
Food -
_
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
- barpoolek.
- koonna.
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat
-
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Thro wing-stick
Shield -
- deer.
- chirark.
- kraiik.
- malkar.
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk -
-
Tomahawk -
- bayik.
See -
-
Canoe -
- yungooit.
Sit -
-
Sun -
- yurngai.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- yum.
To-day
-
Star -
- toort.
To-morrow -
-
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire -
- wi.
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
Plenty
Big -
Little -
windja baang ?
- windja.
Water
- kayin.
Dead -
Smoke
- pori.
By-and-by -
Ground
- cha.
Come on
- watajem.
Wind -
- wardwart.
Milk -
Rain -
- meren.
Baglehawk -
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
-
Wife -
478
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 207c.— UPPER GLENELG AND WANNON.
By the Wkiter.
The reader will notice the equivalents of hungry and dead.
Kangaroo -
- korain.
Hand -
- marrang.
Opossum
- kooramook.
2 Blacks -
- polaitch koloin
Tame dog -
- yoopaitch.
3 Blacks -
- palini koloin.
Wild dog -
-
One -
- kaiap.
Emu -
- kapurng.
Two -
- polaitch.
Black duck -
- krein.
Three -
- palini.
Wood duck-
- pimeri.
Pelicau
Pour -
- polaitch pa
Laughing jackass tarakook.
Native companion korerook.
Father
polaitch.
- pipai.
White cockatoo
- korokeitch.
Mother
- nerang.
Crow -
- waaung.
Sister-Elder
- kakak.
Swan -
- koonoowara.
„ Younger
- koquiara.
Egg -
- kole.
Brother-Elder
• kokon.
Track of a foot
- dinnong.
,, Younger wardai.
Fish -
t kooiyang.
A young man
- kokngun.
Lobster
-
An old man
- polbipollep.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
- maraija.
- kiitook.
An old woman
- polpolnerang.
Fly - -
- worol.
A baby
- popop.
Snake
- kooriang.
A White man
■
The Blacks -
- koloin.
Children
- tooquai.
A Blackfellow
- koloin.
Head -
- kolan.
A Black woman
- nerangoork.
Eye -
- mimg.
Nose -
- kapoong.
Ear -
- wiirm.
UPPER GLENELG AND WANNON.
479
No. 20
7o. — Upper Glenelg
AND WANNON-
—eontinued.
Mouth-
- ngoolang.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- tangang.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- nalang.
Wood -
■ wiin.
Beard -
- narraing.
Stone -
- morrai.
Thunder -
- mundal.
Camp -
- woom.
Grass -
- botong.
Yes -
- ko.
Tongue
- tallain.
No -
- brangat.
Stomach
- poU-o-in.
I
- naitch.
Breasts
- nappan.
You -
- paalekmo.
Thigh -
- prin.
Bark -
- torong.
Foot -
- thinnong.
Good -
- noetchong.
Bone -
- bakkain.
Blood -
- kerkoom.
Bad
- narmurung.
Skin -
- mityonin.
Sweet -
- noetchong.
Fat -
- bapool.
Food -
- baambai.
Bowels
- korong-werek.
Hungry
- kalpemo.
Excrement -
- komong.
Thirsty
- koorntnangan
War-spear -
- koioon.
Eat -
- takk.
Reed-spear -
- tarark.
Sleep -
- yowatt.
Throwing-stiok
- narong.
Drink -
- datt.
Shield -
- malkara.
Walk -
- yannanwon.
Tomahawk -
- palpakoort.
See
- naako.
Canoe -
Sun -
- torong.
- terrerng.
Sit
- yinyalt.
Moon -
- teunget.
Yesterday -
- ngokat.
Star -
- poongel.
To-day
- karoomba.
Light -
- kallat.
To-morrow -
- toongatta.
Dark -
- torioin.
Where are
the winda koloin
Cold -
- motmot.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- kaloin.
I don't know
- winda da ba.
Day -
- terremg-
Plenty
- mam.
merring.
Big -
- maartong.
Night -
- boroin.
Little -
- koordoowi.
Fire -
- wiin.
Dead -
- kalpemera.
Water-'
Smoke
- baretch.
- to-ong.
By-and-by -
- kalo.
Come on
- wotte.
Ground
- mirring.
Wind -
- naretchak.
Milk -
Rain -
- kappain.
Eaglehawk -
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
.
Wife -
480
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 207d.— THE GLENELG, ABOVE WOODFORD.
By the Weitek.
Kangaroo -
- kori.
Hand -
- munya.
Opossum -
■ Willi.
2 Blacks -
- pooletch kooli.
Tame dog -
- kal.
3 Blacks -
- pooletch pe kaiap
Wild dog -
kooli.
Emu -
kowir.
One -
kaiap.
Black duck -
ngari.
Two -
pooletch.
Wood duck -
- pirpir.
Three - ' -
pooletch pe
Pelican
bntyunal.
kaiap.
Laughing jackass
krorkror.
Pour -
pooletch pe poo-
Native companion kortyan.
letch.
White cockatoo
chinyap.
Father
marmi.
Crow -
waa.
Mother
paap.
Swan 7
koonoowara.
Sister-Elder
chagi.
Egg -
mirk.
„ Younger -
Track of a foot
parib.
Brother- Elder -
kote.
Fish -
(no general name)
„ Younger
Lobster
A young man
kolkar.
Crayfish
kapich.
An old man
ngaram-ngaram.
Mosquito -
krirkrirk.
An old woman
kolkolagok.
Fly - -
bitchik.
A baby
winwindaitch.
Snake -
koomowill.
A White man
koomamir.
The Blacks -
baang.
Children -
gitohwarl.
A Blackf ellow
kooli.
Head -
proorp.
A Black woman
- bainwango.
Eye -
mir.
Nose -
kaa.
Bar ■
wirmbool.
THE GLENELG, ABOVE WOODFORD.
481
No. 207d. — The Glknelg,
Mouth - - koom.
Teeth - - leya.
Hair of the head ngurra.
Beard - - iftoonooohir.
Thunder - - mirdarip.
Grass - - boait.
Tongue - - challi.
Stomach - - kanyangoork.
Breasts - - chain.
Thigh - - karri.
Foot - - - chiuna.
Bone - - - kaalk.
Blood- - - koork.
Skin - - - meech.
Fat - - - papool.
Bowels
Excrement- - koonna.
War-spear- - deer.
Reed-spear - djirrak.
Throwing-stiok - karrik.
Shield - - malkar.
Tomahawk - baachik.
Canoe - - ngnanak.
Sun - - - ngawik.
Moon - - - yem.
Star - - - toort.
Light -
Dark - - - tek-tek.
Cold - - - mot-mot.
Heat - - - lik.
Day - - - kadlak.
Night - - poroin.
Fire - - - wi.
Water - - katyin.
Smoke - - perri, purri.
Ground - - cha.
Wind - - ward.
Rain - - - wolla.
God - - - ngarambe.
Ghosts ■ - oonyim.
VOL. in.
ABOVE Woodford — continued.
Boomerang
Hill -
Wood - - kaalk.
Stone- - - la.
Camp- - - lerra.
Yes - - - nge.
No - - - ngalanya.
I - - - waan.
You - - - waanyen.
Bark - - - mitchook.
Good - - - talka.
Bad - - - yiatohung.
Sweet
Food -
Hungry - - birkaian.
Thirsty
Eat - - - chakol.
Sleep - - - ngorakol.
Drink - - kopalal.
Walk - - yannano.
See - - - ngawan.
Sit - - - ngenyak.
Yesterday - - chalekio.
To-day ■ - katchong.
To-morrow- • parbio.
Where are the windja baang 2
Blacks J
I don't know - windja imba.
Plenty
Big - - - yawer.
Little - - baan.
Dead - - - kiikil.
By-and-by- - kartchon.
Come on - - warte.
Milk -
Eaglehawk
Wild turkey
Wife -
2H
482
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 207e.— WOODFORD.
By the Writer.
Kangaroo -
kori.
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum -
kooramoo.
2 Blacks -
- boait trooal.
Tame dog -
kal.
3 Blacks -
- waawong trooal.
Wild dog -
One -
- waando.
Kmu •■
kraba.
Black duck
■ burna.
Two -
-- booait.
Wood duck
pinyangoor.
Three -
- waawong.
Pelican
Four -
- booait ba booait.
Laughing jackass
koadda.
Father
- maam.
Native companioi]
White cockatoo -
poortmadda.
mra.
Mother
- ngaan.
Crow - - -
waa.
Sister-Elder
- nirriur.
Swan - - -
merangurn.
„ Younger
-
Egg - - -
kooir.
Brother-Elder
- wurrakukki.
Track of a foot -
tinna.
„ Younger
Pish -
(no general name)
A young man
- marangal.
Lobster
Crayfish
An old man
- ngarum-ngarum.
murangir.
An old woman
- wraambo.
Mosquito -
kipa.
Fly - - .
torado.
A baby
- koaburning.
Snake -
koorang.
A White man
-
The Blacks -
trooal.
Children -
- parang.
A Blackf ellow
trooal.
Head -
- popaing.
A Black woman -
puUe-puUe.
Eye •
- murngaing.
Nose -
kaboo.
Bar .
- wra.
WOODFORD,
4b
No. 207e. — WooDFOED — continued.
Mouth
- loaing.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- tunax^ain.
Hill - -
-
Hair of the head - ngurla.
Wood -
- wumaam.
Beard -
- nurlaurning.
Stone -
- murde.
Thunder -
- mumdal.
Camp -
- ngoorla.
Grass -
- botho.
Yes -
- ngo.
Tongue
- thage.
No - -
- wiip.
Stomach -
- booi.
I
- ngaddo.
Breasts
- murdain,
You -
- ngoro.
Thigh
- kaiib.
Bark -
- longlong.
Foot -
- tinna.
Good -
- ngebo.
Bone -
- bi.
Bad -
- wraang.
Blood - -
- kuminar.
Sweet -
- wurlan-wurlan
Skin -
- moom.
Food -
- boongan.
Fat -
- mumbooi.
Hungry
- nroanna.
Bowels
- balkwirri.
Thirsty
- koomoonen.
Excrement -
- koonna.
Eat -
- thai-e-wir.
War-spear -
Efied-spear
Throwing-stick
Shield
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
Sun - -
- goaan.
- kooimban.
- malgar.
- pimbagoor.
- wow-wo.
- karo.
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk ••
See -
Sit - -
Yesterday -
- loomai.
- thathia.
- yawia.
- ngawiaboorat.
- ngwia.
- woowardoo.
Moon -
- boortbooi.
To-day
- kirdoo.
Star -
- taman-taman.
To-morrow -
- koogabar.
Light -
- yaap.
Where are the ngatrooal?
Dark -
- moul.
Blacks?
Cold - -
- mon-mon.
I don't know
- wiip.
Heat -
Day -
Night- -
Fire -
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind- -
Rain -
- murtguaal.
- karo.
- moor.
- wumaam,
- bari.
- poloign.
- mrat.
- neraiga.
- kabain.
Plenty
Big - -
Little -
Dead -
By-and-by -
Come on
Milk -
Baglehawk -
- kar-lai-i.
- worong.
- morogin.
- nroanar.
- kerdo.
- kakai.
God - -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
2 ]
Wife -
I 2
484
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 207f.— DARTMOOR.
Br THE Writer.
Kangaroo -
kore.
Hand -
muma.
Opossum
kooramoo.
2 Blacks -
poaitch troo-a-al
Tame dog -
kaal.
3 Blacks
wrawoon troo-a-
Wild dog -
purner.
al.
Emu -
kowwa.
One -
waando.
Black duck -
Wood duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
burna.
kurtperap.
koaddang.
Two -
Three -
Pour -
poaitch.
wrawoon.
poaitch pa
poaitch.
mami.
ngati.
tati.
Native companioii
White cockatoo
Crow -
Swan -
meran.
waa.
koonoowarra.
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
Egg - ■
koa.
,, Younger
nueyur.
Track of a foot -
poptina.
Brother-Elder
wragi.
Fish -
(no general name)
„ Younger
nere.
Lobster
A young man
morongal.
Crayfish
monagur.
An old man
kartpari.
Mosquito -
An old woman
kartpariur.
Fly - - -
yooangooal.
A baby
- kongaparim.
Snake -
krurwang.
A White man
The Blacks -
troo-a-al.
Children
A Blackfellow -
troo-a-al.
Head -
pop.
A Black woman
kainganyo.
Bye -
mir.
Nose -
. kow-o.
Bar -
waar.
DARTMOOR.
485
Mouth
Teeth -
Hair of the head ■
Beard -
Thunder
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
Breasts
Thigh -
Foot -
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick -
Shield -
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light - - .
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day - -
Night -
Fire -
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind -
Rain - . -
God -
Ghosts
No. 207f. — Dabtmode — continued.
lo.
ngurla.
ngurlangume.
mumdal.
botha.
thowe.
pooi.
poap.
brani.
thinna,
pe-e.
kammar.
moom.
mumbooi.
koonna.
kooun.
pongor.
kombaiu.
malkar.
pirpowerkoort.
karo.
thonwoon, poort-
booi.
tamman-tanunan.
karomum.
mol.
mot- mot.
waam.
karomum.
mol,
wumap.
parri.
purloin,
mirat.
noredja.
kowain.
Boomerang -
-
Hill - -
.
Wood -
- wumap.
Stone -
- marre.
Camp -
- ngoorla.
Yes -
- ngo.
No - -
- winana.
I - -
- ngado.
You -
- ngoro.
Bark -
- moomdart.
Good - -
- moitpong.
Bad - -
- waang.
Sweet -
- warlan-warlan.
Food -
- poogang.
Hungry
- ngooroonga.
Thirsty
- koomemang.
Eat -
- trewia.
Sleep -
- loomia.
Drink -
- thathea.
Walk -
- yowea.
See -
- ngawia.
Sit -
- newia.
Yesterday -
- woordoo.
To-day
- kerdo.
To-morrow -
- keap.
Where are
the uaa troo-a-al?
Blacks ?
I don't know
- winana wangon
Plenty
- karlaiitch.
Big - -
- worong.
Little -
- moroki.
Dead -
- neron.
By-and-by -
- kerdo.
Come on
- kakai.
Milk -
-
Eaglehawk -
-
Wild turkey
-
Wife -
-
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 207e.— HAMILTON.
By the Weitee.
Kangaroo -
kore.
Opossum -
wille.
Tame dog -
welkar.
Wild dog -
Emu -
kowi.
Black duck
ngare.
Wood duck
Pelican
hatchalang.
Laughing jackass
korn-korn.
Native companior
I kotchun.
White cockatoo -
ngaiook.
Crow - - -
wa.
Swan -
koonoowar.
Egg - -
mirk.
Track of a foot -
paring.
Fish -
choolem.
Lobster
Crayfish
yappitch.
Mosquito -
kirk-kirk.
Fly -
Snake -
koornmil.
The Blacks -
koole.
A Blackfellow
koole.
A Black woman
Nose -
- kaa.
Hand -
- munya.
2 Blacks -
- poolaitch koole.
3 Blacks ■■
- kartoro koole..
One -
- kaipamen.
Two -
- poUaitch.
Three -
- kartoro.
Four -
- poUaitcha
poUaitch.
Father
- mami.
Mother
- pape.
Sister-Elder
- chache.
„ Younger
- kotek.
Brother-Elder
- wawe.
,, Younger kotte.
A young man
- kolkroon.
An old man
- ngaram-ngaram
An old woman
- kogowitoh.
A baby
- popop.
A White man
- ngamaigitoh.
Children
- pokalik.
Head -
- porp.
Eye -
- mer.
Ear -
• wirmbool.
HAMILTON.
48
No. 207g. — Hamilton — continued.
Mouth
- ngyang.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- lia.
Hill - -
.
Hair of the head - ngara.
Wood -
- wi.
Beard -
- nganye.
Stone -
- la.
Thunder
- mumdar.
Camp -
- laar.
Grass -
- poaitch.
Yes -
- ko.
Tongue
- challe.
Stomach
- wanya.
No
- nge-nge.
Breasts
- korm.
I
- winnak.
Thigh
- karip.
You -
- winnin.
Foot -
- chinna.
Bark -
- nganak.
Bone -
- kaalk.
Good -
- talkok.
Blood -
- koork.
Bad -
- yatchan.
Skin -
- metoh.
Sweet -
- piorwetch.
Fat -
- papool.
Food -
- poongboorgoon.
Bowels
- poonart,
Hungry
- poonboorgoonin
poonyart.
Thirsty
- kongin.
Excrement -
- koonnang.
Eat -
- chakkiu.
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
- parmoor.
- chaark.
Sleep -
- koombin.
Throwing-stick
- kark.
Drink -
- ngoopin.
Shield
- malkar.
Walk -
- wurwin.
Tomahawk -
■ toktagarm.
See -
- ngakin.
Canoe -
- yaongalo.
Sit -
- wunarpin.
Sun -
- nowi.
Yesterday -
- chalegoo.
Moon -
- wartiptaoayo.
To-day
- yingornoo.
Star - -
- chagenowi.
To-morrow -
- barpobark.
Light -
- nowicha.
Where are the windja kooli ?
Dark -
- poroin.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- mot-mot.
I don't know
- windja jamok.
Heat -
- kurtai.
Day -
- chanowi.
Plenty
- parok.
Big -
- murtok.
Night -
- poroin.
Fire -
- wi.
Little -
- wudibok.
Water
- koatchen.
Dead -
- wikin.
Smoke
■ poorin.
By-and-by -
- noondjar.
Ground
- cha.
Come on
- pirnigar.
Wind- -
- ngoorndook
Milk -
-
Rain -
- woUa.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
488
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 207h.— MOUNT ROUSE; NATIVE NAME KOOLOOR.
By THE Writeb.
In this language the equivalent of five is kaiap mirnya, literally one
hand.
Kangaroo -
- korai.
Hand -
- mirnya.
Opossum
- kooramook.
2 Blacks -
- poUaich kooli.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
- kaal.
3 Blacks -
- poUaich kaiap
kooli.
Emu -
- kowering.
One -
- kaiap.
Black duck - -ngerri.
Wood duck - biabiap.
Pelican - - paiangal.
Laughing jackass krookroong.
Two - - .
Three -
Four -
- poUaich.
- kartoor.
- poUaicha pol-
laich.
- mami.
Native companion kooioon.
White cockatoo - chinyap.
Father
Crow -
- waa.
Mother
- paapi.
Swan -
- koonoowar.
Sister-Elder
- chachi.
Egg - -
- merk.
,, Younger
- kootrook.
Track of a foot
- chinanyook.
Brother-Elder
- waawe.
Fish - -
- (no general
,, Younger kootte.
name).
A young man
- koolkoon.
Lobster
-
An old man
- ngaram-ngaram
Crayfish
Mosquito -
- lirri.
An old woman
- ngaram-ngaram
gook.
Ply . .
- piik.,
A baby
- po-pop.
Snake -
- koorwil.
A White man
- ngamaiketch.
The Blacks -
A Blaokfellow
- kooli.
Children -
Head -
- popopklUe.
- poorp.
A Black woman
- koolikoork.
Eye -
- mir.
Nose -
- kaa.
Ear -
- wirmbool.
MOUNT
ROUSE.
4
No. 207h.— Mount Koxjse— continued
Mouth
- ngeing.
Boomera,Tig -
Teeth -
- Ua.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- ngarra.
Wood -
wi.
Beard -
- ngurra.
Stone -
laa.
Thunder
- moondar.
Grass ■
- karewan.
Camp -
- laar.
Tongue
- challe.
Yes -
ko.
Stomach
- biUi.
No
nge-nge.
Breasts
- koroom.
I
- winnin.
Thigh -
- karilyooak.
You -
winnak.
Foot -
- chinna.
Bark -
nyunyak.
Bone -
- kaalk.
Good -
telkok.
Blood -
- koork.
Bad -
yeyang.
Skin -
- miitch.
Sweet -
- cheroaitch.
Fat -
- pepool.
Food -
paronkekoom.
Bowels
- wewepookoonna.
Hungry
nyeng.
Excrement -
- kooima.
Thirsty
banyangen.
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
- kooioon.
- oherark.
Eat -
■ ohakkelowang
Throwing-stiok
- kertch.
Sleep -
koombarnoon.
Shield -
- malkar.
Drink -
openan.
Tomahawk -
- purpooreroop.
Walk -
yanyangoo.
Canoe -
- yowargalook.
See -
ngakin.
Sun - -
- ngowl.
Sit -
ngangano.
Moon -
- waiipturnyoo.
Yesterday -
■chalegko.
Star -
-
To-day
ngarga.
Light -
- ngowiitcha.
To-morrow -
perpurperk
Dark -
- boroin.
Where are the
windja kooli ?
Cold -
- mot-mot.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- koorkark.
I don't know
windja jamok.
Day - -
- gaanyanwe.
Plenty
parok.
Night -
- boroin.
Big - -
mirtook.
Fire -
- wi.
Little -
waiipook.
Water-
- kaiyen.
Dead -
wikin.
Smoke
- pirren.
By-and-by -
windjal.
Ground
- chaa.
Come on
kaka.
Wind -
- ngoorndook.
Milk -
Eain -
- woUa.
Eaglehawk -
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife -
489
490
THE AUSTRALUN RACE:
No. 207i.— PORTLAiJD, LAKE CONDAH, AND EUMERALLA.
By the Writer.
Kangaroo -
korain.
Hand -
murrung.
Opossum -
kooramook.
2 Blacks -
poUaidja marra
Tame dog -
kaal.
3 Blacks -
poUimia marra.
Wild dog -
One -
kaiappa.
Emu -
kappin.
Two -
pollaidja.
Black duck -
moi.
Three -
poUimia.
Wood duck
brernel.
Pelican
karppirak.
Four -
poUaidja-pol-
Laughing jackass
- konet.
laidja.
Native companior
korork.
Father
pipai.
White cockatoo
ngaiook.
Mother
nerang.
Crow -
waang.
Sister-Elder
kakai.
Swan -
koonoowara.
,, Younger
kokaiar.
Egg - -
mik.
Brother-Elder
wiirdai.
Track of a foot
yo-i-yong.
„ Younger
poorpep.
Fish -
(no general name)
A young man
winwinmarra.
Lobster
An old man
poorbipoorbip.
Crayfish -
yarrun.
An old woman
poortnerang.
Mosquito -
marwengel.
Ply .
wooral.
A baby
popop.
Snake
koorang.
A White man
ngamaigitch.
The Blacks -
marra.
Children
tokoakai.
A Blackfellow -
marra.
Head -
pirn.
A Black woman
tanambool.
Eye -
ming.
Nose -
kapoong.
Ear -
wing.
PORTLAND, LAKE CONDAH, AND EUMERALLA. 491
No. 207i. — Portland, Lake
Mouth - - ngoolang.
Teeth - - tanang.
Hair of the head - narat.
Beard - - - ngarrang.
Thunder - - murndal.
Grass - - - botung.
Tongue - - tallain.
Stomach - - tokong.
Breasts - nappang.
Thigh - - - woonikarrip.
Foot - - - yook.
Bone - - - bakkaia.
Blood - - - kerik.
Skin - - - mitch.
Fat - - - bapool.
Bowels - - tokoonya.
Excrement - - koonna.
War-spear - - ko-i-oon.
Reed-spear - - nyirrin.
Throwing-stiok - ngaroong.
Shield - - malkar.
Tomahawk - - karkin.
Canoe- - - tholong.
Sun - - - nunung.
Moon - - - moorkin.
Star - . - menkel.
Light - - - nanaanmering.
Dark - - - por-o-in.
Cold - - - ngoomdook.
Heat - - - kaloin.
Day - - - ronanung.
Night - - - poroin.
Fire - - - wiin.
Water - ■■ paraitch.
Smoke - - to-ong.
Ground - - mirring.
Wind - - - ngoomdook.
Rain - - - mai-ang.
God -
Ghosts
CoNDAH, AND EuMEKALLA — Continued.
Boomera,ng -
-
Hill -
-
Wood -
- wiin.
Stone -
- murrai.
Camp -
- worn.
Yes -
- ko.
No -
- baangat.
I
- nattook.
You -
- ootook.
Bark -
- moroitch.
Good -
- oitchoong.
Bad -
- namindjar.
Sweet -
- poo-oor-witch.
Food -
- gerang.
Hungry
- kalpinchook.
' Thirsty
- koomanum.
Eat -
- takekooia.
Sleep -
- yoowoppan.
Drink -
- tatookaia.
Walk -
- poorpe.
See -
- ngakai.
Sit -
- kooppe.
Yesterday -
- naangat.
To-day
- kanalpa.
To-morrow •
- toongatti.
,
Where are the
winda marra?
Blacks ?
I don't know
- baangat.
Plenty
- portoon.
Big -
- leengil.
Little
- tookoonanya.
Dead -
- kalprinna.
By-and-by -
- kallo.
Come on
- kowe.
Milk -
-
Eaglehawk -
-
Wild turkey
-
Wife -
-
492
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 207j.— HOPKINS RIVER.
By the Writek.
Kangaroo -
korai.
Hand -
murrang.
Opossum
koramook.
2 Blacks
polija maar.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
kaal.
kuprunk, barai-
mal.
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
politimea maar.
kiappa.
polija.
Black duck -
thoorboorung.
Three -
politmea.
Wood duck -
ngaook.
Pour -
kirtpan.
Pelican - - kirkpirap.
Laughing jackass konet.
Native companion koron.
White cockatoo - ngaiook.
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
pipai.
nerangai.
korokai, kakai.
Crow -
waak.
„ Younger
kokiarra.
Swan -
koonoowar.
Brother-Elder
wardai, koko.
Egg - -
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
mirk,
thinnang.
irija.
yaram.
,, Youngei
A young man
An old man
- wardiarra.
- ngoin marr.
- naram-naram.
Crayfish -
wiija.
An old woman
kogoitoh.
Mosquito -
kirkirk.
A baby
po-p6p.
Fly - -
Snake -
The Blacks -
minik, woorill
korang.
maara.
A White man
Children - '
ngamagitch.
- choechoe.
A Blackf ellow
maar.
Head -
- pimaning.
A Black woman
thanambooi.
Eye -
- mirnaming.
Nose -
kabong.
Ear -
- wirmaming.
HOPKINS RIVER.
493
No. 207j.— Hopkins RiVEn— continued.
Mouth
- woronarning.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- tinganaming.
Hil] -
-
Hair of the head- narrananing.
Wood-
- wiin, wumgooit.
Beard -
- yarrananing.
Stone -
- murrai.
Thunder -
- mumdal.
Camp -
- worn.
Grass -
- karewan.
Yes -
- ko.
Tongue
- thallang;
No .
- ngin-ngin or ngi-
Stomach
- togong.
ngi.
Breasts
- nabirng.
I
- ngatook.
Thigh -
- karip, pirn.
You -
- ngindook.
Foot -
- thinnang.
Bark -
- torong.
Bone -
- bagainaning.
Good -
- ooitohoong.
Blood -
- koreanin.
Bad -
- kalprano.
Skm - -
- thoramanin.
Sweet -
- pirooitch, ooit-
Fat -
- pipoolaning.
ohoong.
Bowels
- koonnaniu.
Food -
- tooloort.
Excrement -
- koonna.
Hungry
- bartoobaring
War-spear -
- tooloowam.
ngoolanga.
Reed-spear -
- nerin, tark.
Thirsty
- kootnanabaretch
Thro wing-stick
- ngarong.
Eat -
- thakeanan.
Shield
- malk.
Sleep -
- yooanan.
Tomahawk -
- pirtpirtkoort.
Drink -
- tattakooia.
Canoe -
- torong.
Walk-
- yananan.
Sun -
- tirrang.
See -
- naawake.
Moon -
- konardo.
Sit -
- ingake.
Star -
- wutchook.
Yesterday -
- ngagatto.
To-day
- makkadeba.
Light -
- yaap.
To-morrow -
- mallangeba.
Dark -
- koorooalook, pu-
Where are the winda maara V
roiu.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- pallapetch.
I don't know
- baangato or
Heat -
- kalloin..
winda.
Day -
- ngallokatterin.
Plenty
- woornt baneran.
Night - -
- puroin.
Big - -
- megarong.
Fbe -
- wiin.
Little -
- koomoominin.
Water
- baretch.
Dead -
- kalgeran.
Smoke
- to-ong.
By-and-by -
- kallo.
Ground
- mering.
Come on
- kakawattake.
Wind-
- ngoondook.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- maiyang.
Baglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
.
Wife -
-
494
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 207k.— HOPKINS RIVER.
By W. Goodall, Esq., Manaobb of Abokiginal Station, Fbamlingham.
Kangaroo -
kooroo.
Hand -
- murrunk.
Opossum
kooramook.
2 Blacks -
- pulija mar.
Tame dog -
karl.
3 Blacks -
- pulemeir mar.
Wild dog -
One -
■ kyupa.
Emu -
kuprunk.
Two -
■ pulija.
Black duck
toorpurnk.
Three -
pulemir.
Wood duck
ngarwook.
Pelican
kurtpurnk.
Pour -
kurtpun.
Laughing jackass
koonet.
Pather
peepi.
Native companion
kooron.
Mother
nurangi.
White cockatoo
Sister-Elder
koki.
Crow -
waak.
,, Younger
Swan -
koonoQwam.
Brother-Elder
• wurdi.
Egg - -
mirk.
Younger
Track of a foot
timmong.
A young man
- nguit mar.
Pish -
yoori.
An old man
nguUong-ngul
Lobster
weechong.
long.
Crayfish
youri.
An old woman
kookooweitch,
Mosquito -
keruk-keruk.
Fly -
wooril.
A baby
- poopoop.
Snake
goorang.
A White man
numerdeitoh.
The Blacks -
mar.
Children
tooki-tooki.
A Blackf ellow
mar.
Head -
peem.
A Black woman -
tunumbuU.
Eye -
mirunk*
Nose -
karpoong.
Ear -
wirrunk.
HOPKINS RIVER.
495
No. 207k.— Hopkins Riv^B.—contintced.
Mouth
- nguUong.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- tungunk.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- narutum.
Wood -
- wumgooit.
Beard -
- ngurrine.
Stone -
- murrie.
Thunder -
- mimdunk.
Camp -
- wormp.
Grass -
- puttong.
Yes -
- ko.
Tongue
- tulline.
No -
- ngee-ngee.
Stomach
- tookonk.
I
- nuttook.
Breasts
- nguppunk.
You -
- ngootook.
Thigh -
- pirm.
Bark -
-
Foot -
- timmong.
Good -
- miohong.
Bone -
- puckine.
Bad -
- kullin.
Blood -
- kerreek.
Sweet -
- nuitchong.
Skin -
- moom.
Food -
- tuUuirt.
Fat -
- pulloot.
Hungry
- purtook, pungun,
Bowels
- puUoin.
ullonga.
Excrement -
- koonong.
Thirsty
- purtook pungun
War-spear -
- tullom.
pureitoh.
Reed-spear -
- tark.
Eat -
- turkuk.
Throwing-stick
- ngurroin.
Sleep -
- yournunk.
Shield -
- marlk.
Drink -
- tutturk.
Tomahawk -
- purtpurtcut.
Walk -
- yaimake.
Canoe -
- toorong.
See -
- tuteunnook.
Sun -
- tirrum.
Sit -
- koopunung.
Moon ■
- pirrine yannin.
Yesterday -
- ngamkurt.
Star -
- wutchook.
To-day
- miinkcuttee,
Light -
- tirrong.
To-morrow -
- muUebar.
Dark -
- purroLn.
Where are
the wunda mar ?
Cold -
- pullup-peitch.
Blacks?
Heat -
- kuUoin.
I don't know
- wunda.
Day -
- woorome-termg.
Plenty
• parronk parronk.
Night -
- koorowuUock.
Big -
- meharo.
Fire -
• weein.
Little -
- kumong.
Water
- purretch.
Dead -
- kalpirran.
Smoke
- toong.
By-and-by -
- kuloo.
Ground
- mirring.
Come on
- kaka.
Wind-
- ngumdook.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- myyung.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
BOOK THE TWENTIETH.
VOL. in. 2 I
BOOK THE TWENTIETH.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
The vocabularies grouped together in this book are specimens
of the languages in use from the Moolamiin to the Moorabool.
They are evidently nearly related, as well amongst them-
selves as to those treated of in the preceding book.
It may be noticed that the Loddon Eiver where it ap-
proaches the Murray (Mille, as the Blacks in that neighbour-
hood caUthe latter) and a portion of country near Merton,
or perhaps a creek, are both called Woppoon by the Blacks.
In the Moolamiin language we have cherimhoork = uncle,
and kowrinuk — aunt; and in the Mount Emu language
dai-a-ram^dap = uncle, alok = aunt, and wrapeh = cousin*
The mode of replying to the question. Where are the
Blacks? by adverb where used interrogatively, when the
person questioned does not know, so frequently met with
in the Eastern Division of the continent, occurs several times
in this book.
It has constantly been noticed by the writer that any
remarkable variation of a wide-spread word is rarely confined
to one locality, but that it is generally to be found in some
other, perhaps a thousand miles away. As an instance, we
find the word koonna or goonna = excrement (perhaps the
most generally prevalent term in our languages) appearing
as quan in Western Australia and as quank in the Gunbower
(properly Kanbowro) vocabulary.
In our languages generally there is but one term to
express foot and the track of a foot, but in those dealt with
in this book two distinct words are used. In several of the
vocabularies, the equivalent of children is evidently a plural
* Attention is drawn to these words in this and other places because
practically it has been asserted that none such exist in our languages. On
the subject see Vol I., page 140, of this work.
212
500
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
form of the equivalent of hahy or child, whilst they are
often met with elsewhere as distinct terms. In the Kerang
vocabulary we find kaalk standing for bone and wood; in
other cases we know the same word is used for spear; also
that kaalk, kalk, or kulka means bone in one language and
spear in another ; also that wood andj'jre are often expressed
by the one word, which is not kaalk. Probably, should a
close examination of these words ever be made, it will be
found that there are in all of our languages two terms for
wood, one identical with or closely related to Jire and the
other to bone and spear.
No. 208a.— MOULMEIN.
By the Bench of Magistrates at that Place.
Kangaroo -
koura.
Hand -
• mauanuk.
Opossum -
weala.
2 Blacks -
- poolet de bang
Tame dog -
werangen.
3 Blacks -
_
Wild dog -
One -
- kaiap.
Emu -
kower.
Two -
- poolet. ,
Black duck -
nowera.
Wood duck
gunnuk.
Thi^ee -
- poolet kai-ap.
Pelican
nenungar.
Four -
- poolet poolet.
Laughing jackass kerrong-kerrong.
Father
- marmook.
Native companion kudthoo.
Mother
- qungerook.
White cockatoo
ginup.
Sister-Elder
• chargook.
Crow -
wa.
,, Younger
- quanthanook.
Swan -
■ koonawar.
Brother-Elder
- wakook.
Egg -
mirkook.
Track of a foot
perring.
,, Young
3r
Fish -
pongill.
A young man
- koolkoon.
Lobster
An old man
- jerribung.
Crayfish
lip-lip- till.
An old woman
- woringoork.
Mosquito
lerrigon.
A baby
- pobena.
Fly -
bedik.
A White man
- noother.
Snake -
- koormiwill.
The Blacks -
bang.
Children
- pambango.
A Blackfellow
- kooli.
Head -
- mooranguk.
A Black woman
- layrook.
Eye - -
- minook.
Nose -
- karmuk.
Ear -
- weremboolok.
MOULMEIN.
50
No. 208a. — MouLMEiN — continued.
Mouth
- charjook.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
■ lia,nuk.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head- neranuk.
Wood -
- bial.
Beard
- ngininuk.
Stone -
- la.
Thunder -
- munder.
Camp -
- lurr.
Grass -
- boaitch.
Yes -
- nowe.
Tongue
- challinguk.
No - -
- womba.
Stomach
- wongebuk.
I - -
- niak.
Breasts
- chaneguk.
You - -
- niam.
Thigh
- brajuk.
Foot -
- chinanuk.
Bark -
- mooachup.
Bone -
- kalkook.
Good -
- dalkook.
Blood -
- koorkook.
Bad -
- yatamutohuk.
Skin - -
- talankook.
Sweet -
- urtoha, witcha.
Fat -
- babalook.
Food -
- punam.
Bowels
- chinginook.
Hungry
- wikanda.
Excrement -
- koonanook.
Thirsty -
- peringonyonda.
War-spear -
- koioone.
Eat - -
- chukalanda.
Eeed-spear -
- charam.
Sleep -
- koombanda.
Throwing-stick
Shield- -
- perband.
- kuUerwel.
Drink -
- koopalanda.
Tomahawk -
■ teer.
Walk-
- yarrawonda.
Canoe -
- yungwitch.
See -
- nowanda.
Sun -
- nowa.
Sit -
- naimuk.
Moon -
- wongwel.
Yesterday -
- kallekellikt.
Star -
- toort.
To-day
- killewitch.
Light -
- wying.
To-morrow -
- berbool.
Dark - -
- poroong.
Where are the wingalook bang
Cold -
- bonbondolong.
Blacks?
Heat -
bay -
Night -
Fire -
Water
- wiarnuk.
I don't know
- winga?
- pearp.
Plenty
- parook.
- poroong.
- wunap.
- kathun.
Big -
Little - - ■
■ koorumlbit.
- murduk.
Smoke
- poort.
Dead -
- wathinging.
Ground
- chak.
By-and-by -
- killamin.
Wind-
- memig.
Come on
- kooraman.
Kain -
- mithak.
Milk -
-
God - -
-
Eaglehawk -
-
Ghosts
- tallewidoobuk,
Wild turkey
-
nuther.
Wife -
'
502
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 208b.— LAKE BOCA.
By Mounteb-constable Leonaed Fawcett, Local Guardian of the
Aborigines at Swan Hill.
Kangaroo -
kora.
Hand -
- mananyook.
Opossum
willa.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
werangen.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
One -
- kaiup.
Emu -
kowir.
Two -
- pooletya.
Black duck -
Wood duck -
nini.
nunnuk.
Three -
- pooletya kaiup.
Pelican
ninnankora.
Four -
- pooletya-poolet
Laughing jackass
quong-quong.
ya.
Native companion kooteen.
Father
- marnok.
White cockatoo
katakur.
Mother
■ parbuk.
Crow -
owar.
Sister-Elder
- tartuk.
Swan -
quinowar.
, , Younger
-
Egg -
■ mi-urk.
Brother-Elder
- wa-wi.
Track of a foot
parring.
, ,, Younger
Fish -
piangil.
A young man
- kulkera.
Lolttster
An old man
- narambin.
Crayfish -
Mosquito -
lippekil.
- lawi.
An old woman
- winyingarrok.
Fly -
- pittik.
A baby
- puppok.
Snake -
- quemmil.
A White man
- ni-tung-i.
The Blacks -
bang.
Children -
- painbago.
A Blaokfellow
- kooli.
Head -
- porp.
A Black woman
- winyin.
Eye -
- mir.
Nose ■
- kamook.
Bar -
- wirumbool.
T,AKE
BOGA.
503
No. 208b.— Lake BoQA—cmtinued.
Mouth
- itchekarup.
Boomerang -
.
Teeth -
- Ua.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- naraporp.
Wood -
- kaalk.
Beard -
- nanyenook.
Stone -
- poat.
Thunder -
- mumda.
Camp -
- larr.
Grass -
- poat.
Yes -
- yeya.
Tongue
- tallinyook.
No ■
- womba.
Stomach
- witchibook.
I
- woUanyerk.
Breasts
■ tangook.
You -
- woUaning.
Thigh -
- kamook.
Bark -
- michuk.
Foot -
Bone -
- chinanyook.
- kallkook.
Good -
- telkook.
Blood -
- kurrabook.
Bad -
- . yattandook.
Skin -
- mitruk.
Sweet -
- witta-witta.
Fat -
- papalook.
Pood -
- yoowirra.
Bowels
- porpgunayook.
Hungry
wikun.
Excrement -
- quinayook.
Thirsty
- purnmgunyon.
War-spear -
- quira.
Eat -
- jakkalong.
Reed-spear ■
- toharrok.
Sleep -
• koombang.
Throwing-stick
- piurpin.
Drink -
- koopon.
Shield -
- muUkura.
Walk -
- yanner.
Tomahawk -
- tirr.
See
- nia-Tiia,
Canoe -
■ yungoot.
Sit -
- ninuk.
Sun -
- nowi.
Moon -
• miteyan.
Yesterday -
- kalUk-kalUk.
Star -
- toort.
To-day
■ kampaginga.
Light -
- win.
To-morrow -
■ perrapo.
Dark -
- porroin.
Where are the
windyallo kooli ?
Cold -
- merindooma.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- karti.
I don't know
- windy a?
Day -
- now-yi.
Plenty
- kittowel.
Night -
- porroin.
Big -
korangandook.
Fire -
- wonnup.
Little -
wittiyook.
Water
- kartin.
Dead -
- waikin.
Smoke
- port.
Ground
- cha.
By-and-by -
kamboor.
Wind-
- merring.
Come on
- kakai.
Rain i .-
- mittuk.
Milk -
God -
- mammonggorak.
Eaglehawk -
Ghosts
- narnook, chal-
Wild turkey
liwitup.
Wife -
504
THE AUSTRALIAN KACB :
No. 208c.— THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OP LAKE BOGA, PROBABLY
MOORERBAT AND THE LOWER LODDON.
By the Whiter.
Kangaroo -
kore.
Hand -
munna.
Opossum
wille.
2 Blacks -
polet kooli.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
werangen.
kowir.
3 Blacks -
One -
polet kai-up kooli
- kai-up.
Black duck -
ngari.
Two -
polet.
Wood duck -
ngunuk.
Three -
- polet kai-up.
Pelican
ninungoor.
Four -
- polet polet.
Laughing jackass
korn-korn.
Father
maamoo.
Native companioii
White cockatoo
Crow -
kotun.
chinop.
wa.
Mother
Sister-Elder
- pabe.
- chaohe.
Swan -
koonoowar.
, , Younger
kotode.
Egg - -
mirk.
Brother-Elder
- waawe.
Track of a foot
paring.
,, Younger koti.
Fish -
A young man
- kolkroon.
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - -
Snake
The Blacks -
yapitch.
leroo.
- pit-tik.
kornmil.
baang.
An old man
An old woman
A baby
A White man
Children
- ngarambe.
• wonyinakork.
- paingoo.
- painbangoo.
A Blackf ellow
kooli.
Head -
- pirpook.
A Black woman
- leoork.
Eye -
- mirnook.
Nose -
- kaa.
Bar
■ wirmboolook.
THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OP LAKE BOGA, ETC.
505
No. 208c
— The Neighboubhood or Lake Boga — continued.
Mouth
- taarbook.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- lea.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head- ngara.
Wood-
- wnnnup.
Beard -
- nganui.
Stone -
- laa.
Thunder -
- murndar.
Camp -
- larr.
Grass -
- boait.
Yes -
- i-ya.
Tongue
- challe.
No -
- weumba.
Stomach
- wudjup.
I
- woloonyek.
Breasts
- koorm.
You -
- woonyin.
Thigh
- kar.
Bark -
- toolem.
Foot -
- chinna.
Good -
- talkook.
Bone -
- kaalkook.
Bad -
- yattang.
Blood -
- koork.
Sweet -
- wittea.
Skin -
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Eeed-spear -
Thro wing-stick
Shield -
- michook.
- papoolook.
- toorekoonna.
- koonna.
- koo-i-oon.
- jaraam.
- karik.
- malkar.
Food (flesh)
,, (vegetable
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep -
Drink -
- yowir.
- paanim.
- wika.
- barungoonya.
- tukkali.
- koomba.
- koopa.
Tomahawk -
- tir.
Walk -
- yanna.
Canoe -
- yoonkooit.
See - -
- naikala.
Sun -
- nowii-.
Sit -
- naianga.
Moon -
- mittean.
Yesterday -
- chaUik-challik.
Star -
- toort.
To-day
- kamba.
Light -
- waing.
To-morrow -
- perrapoo.
Dark -
- poroin.
Where are the
windjola kooli ?
Cold -
- boonboondola.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- woonwoondola.
I don't know
- windja?
Day -
- nowir.
Plenty
- kittowil.
Night- -
- poroin.
Big -
- korandook.
Fire -
- wnnnup.
Little -
- wootiook.
Water
- kaatin.
Dead -
- wegun.
Smoke
- poort.
By-and-by -
- kambum.
Ground
- oha.
Come on -
- kakai.
Wind-
- merin.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- mittak.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
506
THE AUSTRALIAN KACE :
No. 208d.— GONN STATION, MURRAY RIVER.
By John McCarthy, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- koora.
Hand -
- mananook.
Oposaum
- willa.
2 Blacks -
- pellige kooli.
Tame dog -
- werangun.
3 Blacks -
- pellige karp
Wild dog -
kooli.
Emu -
- kowir.
One -
- karp.
Black duck -
- nerre.
Two -
- pellige.
Wood duck -
- nonnuk.
Pelican
- Tiiinungoor.
Three -
- pellige karp.
Laughing jackasa koorong-koorong.
Four - ' -
- pellige-pellige
Native companion kuthon.
Father
- marne.
White cockatoo
- jinup.
Mother
- quingoni.
Crow -
- waga.
Sister-Elder
- charche.
Swan -
- koonawar.
,, Younger
-
Egg - -
- merkook.
Brother-Elder
- wooi.
Track of a foot
- perring.
Young
er
Fish -
- jowwill.
A young man
- kolkoa.
Lobster
-
An old man
- cherribong.
Crayfish -
Mosquito -
• lip-lip-kill.
- leroo.
An old woman
- winimgoor.
Fly - -
- pitchi.
A baby
- poban.
Snake -
- koniwil.
A White man
-
The Blacks -
- bang.
Children
- pimbango.
A Blaokf ellow
- kooli.
Head -
- moranoo.
A Black woman
- leurook.
Bye -
- merrino.
Nose -
- karnook.
Ear -
- wimbolo.
GONN STATION, MURRAY RIVER.
507
No. 208d. — GoNN Station,
Murray River — contirmed.
Mouth
• worronook.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- liamook.
Hill -
_
Hau: of the head
- naranauk.
Wood -
- kumbowi.
Beard -
- noninook.
Stone -
- larr.
Thunder •
- mondar.
Camp -
- larrer.
Grass -
Tongue
- poowotch.
- ohallenook.
Yes -
- nongi.
Stomach
- widjibiabo.
No - -
- yambk.
Breasts
- chongo.
I
- yandong.
Thigh
- kamook.
Yon -
- ninan.
Foot -
- chiuouook.
Bark -
- tolang.
Bone -
- maderook.
Good -
- dalko.
Blood -
- kooroko.
Bad -
- yathanuntook.
Skin -
- witchook.
Sweet -
- wotayar.
Fat -
- pappolo.
Food -
- poonioom.
Bowels
- koonooquanwik.
Hungry
- wolkunder.
Excrement -
- koonni.
Thirsty
- punkunnooder.
War-spear -
- koo-o-ia.
Eat -
- chukelander.
Reed-spear -
- charam.
Sleep -
- qombander.
Throwing-stick
- korrik.
Drink -
- kobbalander.
Shield
- mulkar.
Tomahawk -
- deerr.
Walk -
- jarwander.
Canoe -
- yoonguch.
See -
- narkalander.
Sun -
- nowi.
Sit -
- narwonter.
Moon -
■ wyngwil.
Yesterday -
- jellik-jellik.
Star -
- toort.
To-day
- kilarwit.
Light -
- parap.
To-morrow -
- berrpoo.
Dark -
- parong.
Where are the wingella kooli ?
Cold -
- bonbondabong.
Blacks?
Heat -
- narngar.
I don't know
- wingari?
Day -
- nowi.
Plenty
- barrok.
Night -
- pori.
Big - -
- quormbirn.
Fire -
- wonnup.
Little -
- mertook.
Water
- kuthin.
Dead -
- mertiugin.
Smoke
- poarti.
By-and-by -
- kaliman.
Ground
- jar.
Come on
- quam.
Wind- -
- merring.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- mittok.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
508
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 208e.— GUNBOWER STATION.
By Messes. Mickib and Sandy.
Kangaroo -
koora.
Hand -
maanuk.
Opossum
willa.
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
werangen.
kowri.
3 Blacks -
One -
kaapmin.
Black duck -
noori.
Two -
pledgoo.
Wood duck ,
kooroonoo.
Three -
pledgoo kaap.
Pelican
Laughing jackass
nirunga.
kooran-kooran .
Four -
Father
pledgoo pledgoo
mami.
Native companion kootan.
White cockatoo - kinnap.
Crow - - - wa.
Mother
Sister-Elder
papi.
- koota.
Swan -
- gunnaworra.
„ Younger
tati.
Egg -
• murguk.
Brother-Elder
waawi.
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Ply - -
Snake -
paring.
- wirringil.
- yampit.
- liroo.
- bithuk.
- koomwil.
,, Younger
A young man
An old man
An old woman
A baby
A White man
koolquorn.
wingin.
- wingingurk.
- poopan.
The Blacks -
- parooquili.
Children
- pian-pian-koo.
A Blackf ellow
■ kooli.
Head -
- mooranuk.
A Black woman
- laurk.
Bye -
- mirrinik.
Nose -
- kaanuk.
Ear -
- wirmoolook.
GUNBOWER STATION.
509
No. 208e.— GuNBOWER
Mouth
- tharbuk.
Teeth -
- lianuk.
Hair of the head- narranuk.
Beard
- narrinuk (?) .
Thunder -
- moorandara.
Grass -
- yi-ing.
Tongue
- tallinuk.
Stomach
- beelinuk.
Breasts
- koorumbuk.
Thigh
- kaarchuk.
Foot -
- chinnanuk.
Bone -
- maarderuk.
Blood -
- korrookuk.
Skin -
- mithuk.
Fat -
- babulook.
Bowels
■ babciuank.
Excrement -
- quank.
War-spear -
- kigum.
Reed-spear -
- garram.
Throwing-stick
- karik.
Shield
- malga.
Tomahawk -
- taree.
Canoe
- yungooit.
Sun -
- nowee.
Moon -
- wiangnil.
Star -
- toort.
Light -
- wiring.
Dark -
- poorooin.
Cold -
- poonpoondelang.
Heat -
-
Day ■ , -
- kaathen bootong.
Night -
- kaaralkmin.
Fire -
- waanap.
Water
- kathin.
Smoke
-
Ground
- ja.
Wind -
- mirrin.
Rain -
- midthok.
God - -
-
Ghosts
-
Station — continued.
Boomerang -
Hill -
Wood - - beeyal.
Stone - - - la.
Camp - - - larrh.
Yes - - - ungwee.
No - - - karraba.
I - - . naaik.
You - - - neen.
Bark -
Good - - - talguk.
Bad - - - tuilika.
Sweet- - - talguk.
Food - - pyonim.
Hungry - - wigonda.
Thirsty - - paringoonya.
Eat - - . kailon.
Sleep - - - quamba.
Drink- - - qubillon.
Walk - - - yanga.
See .. - - naagundad.
Sit - -
Yesterday - - thallik-thallik.
To-day - - killowit.
To-morrow - - parragoor.
Where are the thala parooquili ?
Blacks?
I don't ^now - barrabba.
Plenty - - parook.
Big . - - kooroombit.
Little - - - mirdook.
Dead - - - waathin.
By-and-by - - killomin.
Come on -
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
Wife -,
510
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 208e.— MOUNT HOPE— PANYOOL DIALECT.
By the
Writer.
Kangaroo -
- koora.
Hand -
.
Opossum -
- wille.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
-
3 Blacks -
_
Wild dog -
-
One -
- kai-ap-men.
Emu -
• kowur.
Two -
- poUiger.
Black duck
_
Wood duck
.
Three -
- poUiger kaiap.
Pelican
.
Four -
- poUiger poUiger.
Laughing jackass
Father
-
Native companion kut-thoon.
Mother
-
White cockatoo
- chinap.
Sister-Elder
- chachip,
Crow -
- wa.
„ Younger
-
Swan - • -
-
Brother-Elder
- wawo.
Egg -
- mirgook.
,, Younger
Track of a foot
-
A young man
-
Fish -
-
An old man
- woonwil.
Lobster
_
An old woman
.
Crayfish
-
Mosquito -
-
A baby
- pooper.
Ply . .
.
A White man
- moanyit.
Snake
- koorwe.
Children -
- papingook.
The Blacks -
- peang.
Head -
- mooranyool.
A Blaokfellow
-
Eye -
- mirrenyook, mir
A Black woman
- leyoorook.
nook.
Nose -
- kanyook.
Ear -
-
MOUNT
HOPE.
OJ
No. 2081
.—Mount Hope— Pantool Dialect— con^Mwed.
Mouth
champook.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
lianyook.
Hill -
■
Hair of the head
■ ngaranyook.
Wood -
-
Beard -
Stone -
-
Thunder -
• mondarp.
Camp -
-
Grass -
- ye-in.
Yes -
- ngoe.
Tongue
No -
- purrerbook.
Stomach
I
- ngen.
Breasts
You -
-
Thigh -
Bark -
-
Foot -
- ohinanyook.
Good -
-
Bone -
Bad -
- yettheminook
Blood -
Sweet -
-
Skin -
Food -
-
Fat -
Hungry
-
Bowels
Thirsty
-
Excrement -
- popan.
Eat -
-
War-spear •■
- ko-i-oon.
Sleep -
-
Eeed-speai -
Drink -
-
Throwing-stick
Walk -
-
Shield
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold - -
- tiir.
- yoongut.
See -
Sit -
Yesterday -
-
-
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are
Blacks?
I don't know
- kelowit.
the
Heat -
-
Plenty
-
Day -
-
Big -
-
Night - -
-
Little -
-
Fire -
- wonap.
Dead -
-
Water
-
By-and-by -
-
Smoke
Ground
Wind-
Rain -
God - -
- mithap.
Come on -
Milk - -
Eaglehawk ■
Wild turkey
- koamit.
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
512
THE AUSTRALIAN BACB ;
No. 208o.— KBRANG, LODDON RIVER.
By the Whiter.
Kangaroo -
- waamha.
Hand -
- munna.
Opossum
- wille.
2 Blacks -
- poUaich baang.
Tame dog -
- werangun.
3 Blacks -
- poUaich kaiup
Wild dog -
baang.
Emu -
- kowir.
One -
- kaiup.
Black duck /
-
Two -
- pollaich.
Wood duck
- ngunuk.
Three -
■ pollaich kaiup.
Pelican
- nenungoor.
Four -
- poUaioh-poUaich
Laughing jackass korung-korung.
Father
- maamin.
Native companion kotun.
Mother
- baabin.
White cockatoo
- chinnap.
Sister-Elder
- chaoh.
Crow -
Swan -
- waar.
- koonoowarra.
„ Younger
Brother-Elder
- waawin.
Egg - -
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
- mirk.
- paring.
- wainjal.
- yaapiteh.
,, Younger kootminyin.
A young man - kolkoorn.
An old man - ngoonyim.
An old woman - ngoonyimgoork.
Mosquito -
Fly - -
- leri.
- pittik.
A baby
A White man
- pop-
- mongandi,
Snake -
- kornmil.
Children -
- embengoo.
The Blacks -
- kooli.
Head -
- morengin, por-
A Blackfellow
- baang.
pin.
A Black woman
- lai-oork.
Eye -
- miming.
Nose -
- kaa.
Ear -
- wirmbool.
KERANG, LODDON RIVER.
513
No.
208o.— Kebang, Loddon 'Riteb,— continued.
Mouth
- kaar.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- lia.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- ngara.
Wood-
- kaalk.
Beard -
- nganni.
Stone -
- laar, kotup.
Thunder
- mundar.
Camp -
- ngar.
Grass -
- boaitch, ying.
Yes -
- onge.
Tongue
■ challe.
No -
- waamba.
Stomach
- wiitchoop.
I
- ngaitoh.
Breasts
- chaang.
You -
- ngen.
Thigh -
Bark -
- tolem.
Foot -
- chinna.
Good -
- talkook.
Bone -
- kaalk.
Bad -
- yatanandook.
Blood -
- koork.
Sweet -
- witche-witche.
Skin -
- mitch.
talkook.
Fat -
- bapool.
Food (flesh)
- yowir.
Bowels
- paapkoona.
, , (vegetable) - paanim.
Excrement -
- koonua.
Hungry
- wiga.
War-spear -
- koo-i-oom.
Thirsty
- bangoonya.
Reed-spear ■
- cherram-cheram.
Eat -
- chakelang.
Throwing-stick
- kaarik.
Sleep ■
- komba.
Shield
- malkar, kallawil.
Drink -
- koppa.
Tomahawk -
- ter.
Walk -
- yan-ga.
Canoe
- yoongooitoh.
See -
- nai-an-ga.
Sun -
- nowi.
Sit
- nienga.
Moon -
- waingmil.
Yesterday -
- jelli-jellik.
Star -
- toort.
To-day
- kelanowik.
Light -
- waing.
To-morrow -
- barpoo.
Dark -
- boroin.
Where are the
windjatokooli
Cold -
- mirinjuma.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- wonmoondillong.
I don't know
- wind] a?
Day -
- nowi.
Plenty
- baarook.
Night -
- boroin.
Big -
- korombit.
Fire -
- wunnap.
Little -
- mirtook.
Water
- kattin.
Dead -
- wiikin.
Smoke
- boort.
By-and-by -
- bataga.
Ground
- ja.
Come on
- nooga yannuk.
Wind -
- merring.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- mittuk.
Baglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
VOL. III.
2
K
514
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 208h.— NATTI-YALLOOK AND STUART-MILL.
By the Weitee.
Kangaroo -
kora.
Hand -
- munya.
Opossum
wille.
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck -
Pelican
kal.
yowir.
ngare.
piap-piap.
3 Blacks -
One -
Two -
Three - -
Four -
- kiap.
- poolet.
- poolet pe kiap
- poolet poolet.
Laughing jackass
koark.
Father
- mamook.
Native companion noorkquang.
Mother
- babook.
White cockatoo -
chinyap.
Sister-Elder
- chaohook.
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - - -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
waa.
koonoowar.
mirk.
bakook.
wiirap.
,, Younger -
Brother-Elder - wawook.
Younger
A young man - tingatook.
Lobster
An old man
- ngarbe.
Crayfish
yapit.
An old woman
- winnungoork.
Mosquito -
Ply -
Snake
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow -
■ lirre.
■ biityik.
koornmil.
koole.
koole.
A baby
A White man
Children
Head -
- po-pop.
- wamakit.
- poorp.
A Black woman
- paibebook.
Bye -
- mir.
Nose -
■ kaa,
E^r -
- wirmbool.
NATTI-YALLOOK AND STUART-MILL. 0
No. 208H.
— Natti-Yallook and Stitart-Mill-
-contirmed.
Mouth
wooro.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
Ua.
Hill -
Hair of the head
ngarnook.
Wood -
wi.
Beard -
ngagne.
Stone -
- laa.
Thunder -
- mumdar.
Camp -
- lar.
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
Breasts
boait,
- tohalle.
- pilinyook.
- karbok.
Yes -
No -
I
- ye-ye.
- nge-nge.
- wokok.
Thigh -
- kaar.
You -
- waan.
Foot -
- chinna.
Bark -
Bone -
- kalkok.
Good ■
Blood -
- korook.
Bad -
Skin -
- mltchook.
Sweet -
Fat -
- papoolok.
Food -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
- koonna.
- kooioon.
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
-
Beed-spear -
- ohark.
Sleep -
.
Throwing-stiok
- kaarik.
Drink -
.
Shield -
- malkar.
Walk -
Tomahawk -
- partik.
See -
-
Canoe -
- yoo-gooip.
Sit -
.
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
- ngawe.
- yel.
- toort.
- paarip.
- boroin.
- mootelong.
- woorokal.
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks ?
I don't know
windja kooli
- windja?
Day -
Night -
- paarip.
- boroin.
Plenty
Big - -
- martook.
Fire -
- wi.
Little -
-
Water
- katchin.
Dead -
Smoke
- boort.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- cha.
Come on
Wind -
- mai-a.
Milk -
-
Rain -
- woUa.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
2
Wife -
K2
"
515
516
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 208 1.— MOUNT EMU.
By Sir Samuel Wilsok.
Kangaroo -
koraa.
Hand -
-
Opossum
wille.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
kaal.
3 Blacks -
.
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck-
Pelican
yowarr.
maree.
bearp-bearp.
- patyangal.
One -
Two -
Three -
Pour -
- kyap.
- boolait.
- boolait boo kyap
- boolait boo boo-
Laughing jackass
kowark.
lait.
Native companion gutun.
Pather
- mamay.
White cockatoo
katyakar.
Mother
- papay.
Crow -
waa.
Sister-Elder
- tyatgay.
Swan -
Elgg . .
Track of a foot
Pish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly . .
Snake -
goonoowarra.
mirk.
- baray.
„ Younger -
Brother-Elder - noway.
,, Younger
yaparte.
- layray.
mooroo.
- kurumil.
A young man
An old man
An old woman
A baby
A White man
- tringit te koolay
- mategooly.
- matebangerago.
- poopoop.
- amaikeek.
The Blacks -
koolay.
Children
- poopoop.
A Blackfellow
- koolay.
Head -
- poorop.
A Black woman
- byang, byango.
Eye -
- myrr.
Nose -
Ear -
- wirmbool.
MOUNI
EMU.
No. 2081.— Mown
Emtt — continvied.
Mouth
wooroo.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
leea.
Hill -
Hair of the head
ugarra.
Wood -
Beard -
ngayay.
Stone -
Thunder -
Camp -
Grass -
Yes -
Tongue
No -
Stomach
I
Breasts
You -
Thigh -
Bark -
Foot -
Good -
Bone -
Bad -
Blood -
Sweet -
Skin -
Pood -
Fat -
Hungry
Bowels
Thirsty
Excrement -
Eat -
War-spear -
Sleep -
Reed-spear -
Drink -
Throwing-stick
Walk-
Shield-
Tomahawk -
See -
Sit
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark - -
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks?
Cold -
I don't know
Heat -
Plenty
Day -
Big -
Night -
Little -
Fire -
Dead -
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind -
Rain -
God -
boodudyall.
By-and-by -
Come on
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
karal.
Wife -
517
518
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 208j.— MOORABOOL— JIBBERIN LANGUAGE.
By the
Writbk.
Kangaroo -
- koim.
Hand -
- mirnuk.
Opossum
- woUert.
2 Blacks -
- polagi kooli.
Tame dog -
- kal.
3 Blacks -
polagi koinmet ta
Wild dog -
-
kooli.
Emu -
- kowir.
One -
koinmet.
Black duck -
- tolom.
Wood duck
Two -
polagi.
Pelican
- birdungal.
Three -
polagi koinmet.
Laughing jackass
kowaruk.
Pour -
polagi polagi.
Native companion porenget.
Father
bitjung.
White cockatoo
- kinnap.
Mother
ngardung.
Crow -
- wa.
Sister-Elder
wooranark.
Swan -
- koonoowarra.
,, Younger
Egg - -
kie.
Brother-Elder
waartoong.
Track of a foot
„ Younger
waangut.
Fish -
Lobster
koein.
A young man
goolgun.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
tchoriong.
ngaioong.
An old man
An old woman
pidjarongjnedok.
mudogoork.
Fly -
■ chogot.
A baby
Snake -
koornmil.
A White man
ngammaigi.
The Blacks -
boorogn.
Children -
A Blackfellow
kooli.
Head - - -
moork.
A Black woman
- baiargook.
Eye -
mir.
Nose -
kaanatuk.
Ear -
wirnaatuk.
MOORABOOL.
519
No. 208j. — MooEABOOL — JiBBEEiN LANGUAGE — Continued.
Mouth
- wooro.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- leanatuk.
Hill - -
-
Hair of the heac
- ngarmooretuk.
Wood
- wiin.
Beard
-
Stone -
- laark.
Thunder -
- mundara.
Camp -
- karong.
Grass -
- paraark.
Yes -
- e-or-ge.
Tongue
- galanatuk.
No -
- noolam.
Stomach
- gtongatuk.
I
-
Breasts
- baab.
You -
-
Thigh -
- karingatuk.
Bark -
- moorat.
Foot -
- chinnongatuk.
Good -
- koonibenyook.
Bone -
-
Bad ~
- noolam (?).
Blood -
-
Sweet -
Skin -
- mityatuk.
Food -
_
Fat -
- maamboolatuk.
Hungry
-
Bowels
-
Thirsty
-
Excrement -
-
Eat -
- koodjalla.
War-spear -
- kaarp.
Sleep -
- kombangat.
Reed-spear -
- jaark.
Drink -
- ngobiith.
Throwing-stick
- daar, murreone.
Walk -
- yannoik.
Shield
- malga.
See -
.
Tomahawk -
- kalbalerak.
Sit -
.
Canoe -
- korong, yaoot."
Yesterday -
- taleo.
Sun -
- mering.
To-day
.
Moon -
- yert.
" J
Star -
- toortberang.
To-morrow -
-
Light -
- yeramb.
Where are
the
Dark -
- moorgal.
Blacks?
Cold -
- motoongating.
I don't know
-
Heat -
- kongat.
Plenty
- dedarbil.
Day -
- yeramb.
Big - -
-
Night
- moorgal.
Little -
-
Fire -
- wiin.
De3,d -
- dedangatoo.
Water
- ngobik.
By-and-by -
-
Smoke
- bolt.
Come on
- yanna, worrewa
Ground
- jaar.
ko-ko.
Wind-
- kutgirt.
Milk - ■■
-
Rain -
-
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
BOOK THE TWENTY-FIRST.
BOOK THE TWENTY-FIRST.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
The language of which specimens of four dialects are given
in this book was spoken by twelve or fourteen tribes. Its
vocabularies have many words which agree with those in
the last book. With the Ngooraialum tribe (language
No. 209a) I was well acquainted when a young man, and
knew something of their language. Concerning the country
occupied by the tribes dwelt on in this book, I have received
the following information from Albert A. 0. Le Souef, Esq.,
who had, in the early days of the colony, excellent oppor-
tunities of being well informed on the subject. He says : —
" Starting from the first available country on the Upper
Goulburn, as far down as the present Yea or Doogalook, and
taking the Miller's Creek country (where the Plenty River
tribe came in), the Bootherboolok had their habitations, and
numbered, I should think, some one hundred souls. Then
down the river to the Old Crossing Place (now Tabilk) came
the Natrakboolok Blacks, occupying both banks of the river.
This tribe would also, I am of opinion, number one hundred
persons, old and young. All the country from the Dividing
Range, where Heathcote now is, and Pyalong, belonged to
the Nerboolok, one of their principal haunts being the curious
little hUl near Bradford, known as the Sugarloaf. This
tribe, I think, must have numbered fully two hundred souls.
From the Old Crossing Place, on the Goulburn, down to
about the present Toolamba, was owned by the Ngooraialum;
below Toolamba the strong and numerous Bangerang tribe
owned the river, as you are aware, to its junction with the
524 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Murray. The Ngooraialum stood rather in dread of the
Bangerang, and never, I think, felt very comfortable if
camped mnch below what is now Murchison. On the north
of the river they went back to the Seven Creeks and the
present Violet Town, where they met the Upper Broken
Eiver and Ovens Blacks. On the south they owned the
country which at present constitutes Whroo and Eushworth,
and met the Pimpandoor on the Wongulta and Colbinabbin
Plains. The Ngooraialum, Bootherboolok, Natrakboolok,
and Nerboolok were very much mixed up by intermar-
riages, and often fought together against the Bangerang
and Pimpandoor. I think the Ngooraialum mustered two
hundred souls, old and young, and that the total number of
the four tribes would be six hundred. My information
about the location of the tribes I obtained from an intelligent
Natrakboolok, Ned Narrabin by name ; the numbers I have
given are from my own observation, but I had considerable
opportunities of judging, and I don't think I am far wrong.
I may say that I think the estimate of the entire population
given in Brough Smyth's work very much below the actual
number. The four tribes I have spoken of formed a sort of
petty nation; they spoke the same language, and, as I have
said, fought side by side, though separated into distinct
tribes, each owning its own territory."
It is now about thirty-four years since I last heard Ngoo-
raialum spoken, and the following Additional Words and
Phrases are all I can call to mind: —
Stringybark-tree - - . . irip.
Gum-tree . - - . . beal.
Box-tree birtpool.
Yam - mo-i-yool, barum.
Yam-stick ... - - wolo-ain.
Mamia - - - - - - laap.
Ruddle or red ochre - - noro-noro.
As damper, or bush bread, was baked in the ashes, in the
same way that the Blacks converted a certain sort of red clay
in to ruddle, the Ngooraialum called damper noro^ and
PREFATORY REMARKS.
525
inthage noro mitta Cowel (give bread Mr. Curr) was at one
time a very common sound in my ears.
Indian com - - - - - narangat.
Blanket - . . . . yallanebirong-
Plain waark.
Blacks outside of those known to bukkeen.
the tribe
Creek ------ yellami.
Names of Greeks in the Countet of the Noooeaiaium.
Eaglehawk Creek
Dog Creek
Opossum Creek
Crayfish Creek
yellami Poongil.
yellami Erangen.
yellami WoUert.
yellami Boongangooloom.
yellami goloro.
Ring-tailed opossum - - - pigil.
Lyrebird booUum-boollum.
A sort of duck - - . . koonabbil.
Ibis ..--.. paipadjerook.
Women baadjerboolok.
Yellam, bark of a tree and also camp, seems to have
been changed into ilium, to express the people who dwelt in
any land. Thus we have Waaringulum, to denote the people
who dwelt lower down on the Goulburn, which the Ngoo-
raialum called Waaring; Wongatpaiillum, the tribe which
dwelt at Wongat, a part of the Moira; Tidneillum, men who
come from Sydney, and probably Ifgooaiillum, people of
Ngoorai, contracted into Ngooraialum.
Opossum-rug thathowool.
Anus moom.
Talk thomnge.
Boys ------ kolinoro.
Girls booboonark.
Husband . . - - . koliin.
Give me a fire-stick (or fire) - - inthaje wiin.
(I have) no fire - . - - aiabuntukka wiin.
Thin nelamjuk.
To evacuate ----- konyoobok.
None ------ ai-i-a.
Sick jerrarning.
Look there ----- naangano.
526 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Let us go - - - - - - yanne.
Make haate ----- onde.
Where (is my) wife ? - - : - indakorrin baadjur ?
(I) don't know indunga.
Darling, or dear - - . . oonyamnik.
To-morrow I will go - - - yeramboi pooringdaring.
Fetch water ----- waamduk baarn.
(I'm) dry konboothinal.
Reach (me my) tomahawk - - konak karagik.
To-morrow I'll fight - - - yeramboi chipcherangan.
To-morrow I will go to Colbinabbin- yeramboi karnambathin
Kolbinabbin.
There are plenty of yams there - woorthoondok poiul chondo.
To-morrow I hunt emu - - - yeramboi pooringdaring
baraimal.
Be off - - - ■ - - tooi ! or towakjanni !
Names of Places in the Neighbourhood of Colbinabbin.
WoUinjo.
Ariogobarning.
Toonaiba.
iniumbubil.
Boobarndoo (Mount Scobie).
Nammerong.
Yibberithoop.
Koragorag (now called Crag-crag).
Puramburt (now called Burramboot).
Paboinboolok (Lake Cooper).
Goberip.
Gargarro.
Kraigin.
Yallook (The Campaspe).
Purniwong.
Beul.
Woranga.
Korop.
Taimuruig (now called Timmering).
Wongulta (called One-halter Plaia).
Chirazabel.
Baangyoobyne.
Ttirndaim.
Konela (called Cornelia Creek).
PREFATORY REMARKS. 527
Names ov Men.
Kolopka.
Wawgroot.
Berrm-berrin, or spur- winged plover.
Names of Women.
Poormaning.
Karwitha.
Tapaming.
Turtool.
Orgenangarook.
The dialect of the tribe (now extinct for some forty years)
on whose country stands the city of Melbourne was early
collected by the late Daniel Bunce, and in 1856 published
under the title of Language of the Aborigines of the Colony
of Victoria. Mr. Bunce, who eventually became manager of
the public gardens at Greelong, worked about Melbourne in
the forties, for my father amongst others, as a gardener.
Though we owe it to his efforts that any record of the Mel-
bourne language is extant, it is necessary to say that he was
quite uncultivated as regards languages ; that his vocabulary
is evidently replete with errors, and can only be depended on
when the most simple words are concerned. As the title of
his little work shows, Mr. Bunce was under the impression
that all the Victorian tribes spoke the same language.
As regards the river which flows through the country
which used to be occupied by the tribe under consideration,
its name was not Yarra-Yarra, but Bay-ray-rung, as I have
been informed by Blacks resident at Ooranderrk, whose
fathers dwelt on its banks. The name Yarra-Yarra was re-
ported by Mr. Wedge, a surveyor, who came upon it with a
strange Black from Geelong. The latter probably when he
saw it exclaimed yanna ! yanna ! or it flows ! it flows ! and
that this exclamation, imperfectly noted, was accepted as the
name of the river.
The Melbourne Blacks used to throw the boomerang with
greater skill than any others I have witnessed. In their
hands it was a wonderful toy.
528
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
No. 209a.— SEYMOUR TO MURCHISON, PART OF GOULBURN
RIVER, WHROO, ETC.— NGOORALALUM LANGUAGE.
Bt the
Writer.
Kangaroo -
- maram.
Hand -
- mirnong.
Opossum -
- woUert.
2 Blacks -
- polabel koliin-
Tame dog -
- yerangen.
boolok.
Wild dog -
Emu - - baraimal.
Black duck - tolom.
Wood duck - paokmoom.
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion krork.
3 Blacks -
One •
Two -
Three -
Four -
- polabel koptoon
koliinboolok.
- kop, koptun.
- polabel.
- polabel kop.
- polabel-polabel.
White cockatoo
- kaan.
Father
- manmoornong.
Crow -
- wong.
Mother
- bawain.
Swan -
- koonoowarra.
Sister-Elder
- paanbin.
Egg - -
- dirandil.
,, Younger
-
Track of a foot
-
Brother-Elder
- bumumbi.
Fish -
Lobster
- boonggangoo-
loom,
- kogok.
- moouoloom.
„ Youngc
Young men-
r
- yen-yen-boolok.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - •
An old man
An old woman
A baby
- thaingola.
- wirkoork.
- pobop.
Snake -
- koloonoon.
A White man
- ngamaigi.
The Blacks
- koliinboolok.
Children
-
A Blackf ellow
- koliin.
Head -
- kowong.
A Black woman
- baadjur.
Eye -
- merin.
Nose -
- kaag.
Ear -
- wim.
SEYMOUR TO MURCHISON, BTC.
529
No. 209a.— Setmoue to Mttechison, Part or Goxjlburn Eivee, Wheoo,
Etc. — NoooKAiALTJM Language — continued.
Mouth
- woorro.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- laan.
Hill - -
- pannol.
Hair of the heac
- kowung.
Wood -
- kaalk.
Beard
Stone -
- moegin, batto-
Thunder -
- ngondabil.
batto.
Grass ,
- boai.
Gamp -
- yellam.
Tongue
- tchellang.
Yes - -
- ai-e.
Stomach
• barbagon.
No -
- thago.
Breasts
- hiring, brim-brim
I
- waan.
Thigh - -
- dering.
You -
- waar.
Foot -
- ohinnong.
Bark - -
- yellam.
Bone -
- kalgo.
Good -
- pondap.
Blood -
- kork.
Bad -
- mattabe.
Skin -
- marok.
Sweet -
_
Fat -
- marmbool.
Food -
_
Bowels
- koomong.
Hungry
- niribrooia.
Excrement -
- koomong.
Thirsty
- bekoonian.
War-spear -
- ko-i-oon.
Eat - -
- thange.
Reed-spear -
- djerar.
Sleep -
- kurnambooman.
Throwing-stick
- karek, marewun.
Drink -
- ngoban.
Shield -
- girab.
Walk-
- y-annonan.
Tomahawk -
- karagik.
See -
- nganoonan.
Canoe -
- korom.
Sit -
- allambanan.
Sun -
- nganmiai.
Yesterday -
- yulungoi.
Moon -
- miman.l
Star -
- toort.
To-day
- karemin.
Light -
karemin.
To-morrow -
- yeramboi.
Dark -
- boroiu, moolok-
Where are
;he indakoriu koliin
moolok.
Blacks ?
boolok?
Cold -
- motoon.
I don't know
- Ludiinga.
Heat -
uarawing, ngam-
Plenty
- woorthoondok.
Day -
mai.
- karemin.
Big - -
•■ woortaboo.
Night -
- boroin.
Little -
- wikork.
Fire -
- wiin.
Dead -
- wimdabil.
Water
- baam, woUoon.
By-and-by -
- mallemalto.
Smoke
• boort.
Come on
- ngonde.
Ground
- biik, pik.
Milk -
Wind -
- gorin.
Rain -
- yeul.
Eaglehawk -
- poongil.
God -
-
Wild turkey
- birrail.
Ghosts
-
Wife -
- baadjur.
VOL. III.
2
L
530
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 209b.— HEALESVILLE, UPPER YARRA— OOEONGIR
LANGUAGE.
By the Weiter.
Kangaroo -
Opossum
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu - - -
Black duck -
Wood duck -
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow
Swan
Egg - -
Track of a foot -
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Ply - - -
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow -
A Black woman -
Nose - -
koim.
wollert.
werangun.
baraimal.
tolom.
bebeup.
waajil.
tororo.
krork.
ngaiook.
waan.
koonoowara.
dirandin.
baareng.
boongangooloom.
kogok.
kurumburra.
koornmil.
koliinboolok.
kolin.
baidjarook.
kaaong.
Hand -
2 Blacks
3 Blacks
mimong.
One -
- kaambo.
Two -
- benjero.
Three -
- benjero kaambo
Four -
- benjero on
benjero.
Father
- maama.
Mother
- paapa.
Sister-Elder
- laandan.
,, Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- baangain.
„ Younger
A young man
- jeje.
An old man
- wigabbil.
An old woman
- moondegork.
A baby
- pobop.
A White man
- ngammaigi.
Children
-
Head -
- kowong.
Eye -
- mirn.
Bar -
- wim,
HEALESVILLE, UPPER YARRA.
531
No. 209b. — Heaiesvillb,
Uppbk Yabka—
OORONGIE
Language-
-coTiiinued.
Mouth -
- woorro.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- leurn.
Hill -
-
Hair of the heae
- yarre-kowong.
Wood -
- kaal.
Beard -
- yarre-umdok.
Stone -
- laan.
Thunder
- ngondabbil.
Camp -
- willam.
Grass -
- boai.
Yes -
- yi-yi.
Tongue
- tchillong.
No
- yootha.
Stomach
- boet.
I
- aarambik.
Breasts
- birring.
You -
- marambina.
Thigh -
- djereng.
Bark -
- willam.
Foot -
- chinnong.
Bone -
- nillung.
Good -
- pondap.
Blood -
- kork.
Bad -
- nuUam.
Skin -
- paap.
Sweet -
-
Fat -
- marmbool.
Food -
-
Bowels
- koonna.
Hungry
- nerebrooin.
Excrement ■
- goon.
Thirsty
- konboonanan.
War-spear -
- koioon.
Eat -
- thanjip.
Reed-spear -
- jerrar.
Sleep -
- yimmoonan.
Throwing-stick
- kareg.
Drink -
- mooean.
Shield -
- jiram.
Walk -
- yannanan.
Tomahawk ■
- moring.
See -
- nganganan.
Canoe - ' -
- korom.
Sit -
- allambanan.
Sun -
Moon -
- ngiwen.
- miman.
Yesterday -
- yellungoit.
Star -
- toort.
To-day
- yellunbo.
Light -
- yellembo.
To-morrow -
- yeramboi.
Dark -
- boroin.
Where are the
indakoliinbolokl
Cold -
- monmoot.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- woloon.
I don't know
- indunga.
Day -
- yellembo.
Plenty
- woorthoonda
Night -
- boroin.
Big -
-
Fire -
- wiin.
Little -
- waigo.
Water -
- baam.
Dead -
- wigai.
Smoke -
- boort.
By-and-by -
- mollogo.
Ground
- buk.
Come on
■ warewe.
Wind -
-
Milk -
-
Rain -
- purnmubil,
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
2]
Wife
La
"
532
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 209c.— LOWER YARRA.
Feom Daniel Bunch's Vocabtjlart.
Kanga\:oo -
Hand -
- myrongatha.
Opossum
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog •
3 Blacks
-
Wild dog -
One -
- carnboo.
Emu -
Two -
- benjeroo.
Black duck -
toolome.
Three -
- benjeroo vor
Wood duck -
carnboo.
Pelican
Four -
- benjeroo vor
Laughing jackass
benjeroo.
Native companion
Father
- marmoonth.
White cockatoo -
nayook.
Mother
- parbine.
Crow -
waang.
Sister-Elder
- moUokin.
Swan -
koonwarra.
,, Younger
-
Egg - - -
dirundirri.
Brother-Elder
- wunthulong.
Track of a foot -
Fish - - -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly -
touit.
tooiyung.
bir-ma-buck.
„ Young
A young man
An old man-
An old woman
A baby
3r
- booboop.
Snake -
coornmil.
A White man
- allambee.
The Blacks -
cooleenth.
Children
- oothanong.
A Blackfellow
cooleenth.
Head -
- oowong.
A Black woman -
baggarook.
Eye -
- myrringatha.
Nose -
congatha.
Ear -
- kidnougatha.
LOWER YAREA.
533
No. 209c. — Lower Yaeba — continued.
Mouth
- worongatha.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- leongatha.
Hill -
- morack.
Hair of the head- yarragong-atha.
Wood -
- kalk.
Beard -
- yarragondock.
Stone -
.
Thunder
- drumbuUabuU.
Camp -
- mierum, willam
Grass -
- poath.
Yes -
- um um.
Tongue
,
No
- nuther.
Stomach
- thoronee, bel-
I
ling'atha.
"
Breasts
- brimbrimgatha.
You -
- mirambeena.
Thigh -
- thirrongatha.
Bark -
-
Foot -
- geenongatha.
Good -
- monomeeth.
Bone -
- n'yeelang.
Bad -
- n'yellan.
Blood -
- gooroomul.
Sweet -
-
Skin -
- tatbee.
Food -
- jinrlaTTiing,
Fat -
- mirmbul.
thangoith.
Bowels
- bindirk.
Hungry
- nerriburdin.
Excrement -
- oonoug.
Thirsty
-
War-spear -
- neerini.
Eat -
- thangarth.
Reed-spear -
-
Sleep -
- umlna.
Throwing-stick
-
Drink -
- noobuck.
Shield -
-
Walk -
- yannathan.
Tomahawk -
- galbiling n'gar-
See -
- mirambiak
rook.
nangooth.
Canoe -
- koroug.
Sit -
- allambee.
Sun -
- noweenth.
Moon -
Star -
Light -
- miniyan.
- tutbyrum.
- noweenth, dur-
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
" yeUingbo.
- booyboorooing.
ran-durran.
WTiere are
the
Dark -
- booroonth.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- cabbin.
I don't know
-
Heat -
-
Plenty
- bullarto.
Day -
-
Big -
- bullarto.
Kight
- booronthooith.
Little -
- wyeeboo.
Fire -
- weenth.
Dead -
- murmbul(?).
Water
- baanth.
By-and-by -
Smoke
Ground
- beek.
Come on
-
Wind -
- mornmoot.
Milk -
- brim-brim.
Rain -
- baanth mellaba.
Eaglehawk -
- winjeel.
God -
- bullarto mar-
Wild turkey
-
miugatha.
Wife -
- coolenyee bag-
Ghosts
-
garook.
634
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
No. 209d.— MORDIYALLOOK.
By THE
Weitee.
Kangaroo -
koim.
Hand -
murnung.
Opossum
willert.
2 Blacks -
polabel koliin.
Tame dog -
werangun.
3 Blacks -
polabel koptoon
Wild dog -
koliin.
Emu -
baraimal.
One -
kop, koptoon.
Black duck -
tolom.
Wood duck
lekolabel.
Two -
polabel.
Pelican
waeil.
Three -
polabel kop.
Laughing jackass tharowerag.
Four -
polabel-polabel.
Native companion
korrok.
Father
mamon.
White cockatoo
ngaiyok.
Mother
paba.
Crow -
waang.
Sister-Elder
ladtha.
Swan -
koonoowar.
„ Younger
Egg - .
-dirandel.
Brother-Elder
jaiait.
Track of afoot
bareng.
„ Younger
Fish -
wiraap.
A young man
yenyin.
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
toing.
An old man
- wegobel.
kokak.
An old woman
moorndigork.
Fly -
kawn, kaaragak.
A baby
pobop.
Snake -
kaan.
A White man
ngamaigi.
The Blacks
koliinbolak.
Children
pobop.
A Blackfellow
koliin.
Head -
- kowong.
A Black woman
badjer.
Eye -
- mern.
Nose -
- kaang.
Ear -
- wiring.
MORDIYALLOOK.
535
No. 209d. — MoRDiYALLOOK — Continued.
Mouth
worong.
Boomerang -
Teeth
liang.
Hill -
Hair of the head
yare kowong.
Wood-
- kaalk.
Beard
yare ngunduk.
Stone -
- lum.
Thunder ■
- morndabel.
Camp-
- woUum.
Grass -
- boait.
Yes -
- ngai-e.
Tongue
- djellan.
No -
- thaog, indunga.
Stomach
- maarp.
I
- boordop.
Breasts
- brim-brim.
You -
- ngulum.
Thigh
■ jaam.
Bark -
- willum.
Foot -
- chinnong.
Good -
- monamiit.
Bone -
- ngem.
Bad -
- mattabe, pallim.
Blood -
- karnmool.
Sweet
Skin -
- daap.
Food -
Fat -
- maarmbool.
Hungry
- ngerebrooin.
Bowels
- koomong.
Thirsty ' -
- konboonoon,
Excrement -
- koomong.
koondebain.
War-spear -
- ko-i-oon.
Eat -
- thaange.
E^ed-spear-
- djerar.
Sleep -
- kamambooin.
Wommera -
- karek.
Drink-
- thamok.
Shield
- kiarm.
Walk -
- yannag.
Tomahawk -
- kalbalenark.
See -
- nganak.
Canoe
- korong.
Sit -
- ngalambe.
Sun -
- ngamraai.
Moon -
- mernian.
Yesterday -
- yeloongoil.
Star -
- toortbairn.
To-day
- yeloombok.
Light -
- iram.
To-morrow
- yeramboi.
Dark -
- poorpin.
Where are the
windakorim ko
Cold - .
- taambulk.
Blacks?
liinolok ?
Heat -
- ngoiin.
I don't know
- indunga.
Day -
Plenty
- woortondok.
Night.
- pooroin.
Big - -
- woortha.
Fire -
- wiin.
Little -
- wiben.
Water
- baarn.
Dead -
wiirgai.
Smoke
- boort.
By-and-by -
- mooloko.
Ground
- biik.
Come on -
- warrewi.
Wind
- mornmot.
Milk -
Rain -
- pumabel.
Eaglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
BOOK THE TWENTY-SECOND.
BOOK THE TWENTY-SECOND.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
GiPPSLAND is the south-eastern portion of the colony of
Victoria. Prior to the coming of the Whites, this district
was a remarkably isolated one. Small-pox, which overran the
rest of the colony, never reached its tribes, and, setting aside
an occasional war-party which made a flying attack on some
tribe on the Yarra (and, I believe, on the Strathbogie Ranges),
and then retreated, and pretty frequent meetings on the
Snowy River with what are called the Bidwell and Moneroo
Blacks, the Gippsland tribes had no outside relations. Of
these tribes, Mr. A. W. Howitt, F.G.S., has given a very
interesting account in a work entitled Kamilaroi and Kurnai,
which, however, differs in some important particulars from
what has been communicated to me on the subject by Mr.
John Bulmer, who has been many years in charge of one of
the Government Reserves on which a portion of the Gippsland
Blacks are domiciled. As I think Mr. Bulmer an excellent
authority, I shall lay before the reader the statements which
I have received from him.
Mr. Howitt, in the work just referred to, sets down the
Gippsland tribes as five in number, but it seems probable
that there were more, as I have received from Mr. Bulmer
the vocabulary of a tribe which dwelt at Omeo. This
vocabulary differs from that of the Brabrolung tribe, whilst
Omeo has been included by Mr. Howitt in their country.
The names of the tribes given by Mr. Howitt, which no
doubt are correct as far as they go, are, commencing from
540 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
the sonth-west of Gippsland, the Bratanolung, the Braiako-
lung, the Brahrolung (or Brad-ow-oo-loong, as I have heard
a Blackfellow pronounce the word), the Tatungolung, and the
Kroatungolung. Looking at them collectively, it is im-
portant to notice that three out of their five names commence
with the word Bra — man — and all terminate in lung (loong?),
circnmstances which, joined to the affinity of their languages,
leave no doubt that these tribes, which, as we learn, so often
fought and so often made friends, were closely related by
blood, and, in fact, one descended from the other.
Immediately to the east of the Kroatungolung, itself the
most easterly of the Gippsland tribes, we have one named
Birtowall, or scrub people, and Mr. Bulmer remarks that the
Kroatungolung, in whose country is the Snowy River, fra-
ternize with the Brahrolung ; and the Birtowall, or as they are
commonly called Bidwell or Bidwelli Blacks, with the tribes of
Moneroo, to whose speech their own is akin. Examining into
this subject I find, in fact, that from the Snowy River west-
erly to the limits of Gippsland the several languages are
closely related amongst themselves, and allied to those of
Central Yictoria, and through them to Wiiratheri and Kamil-
aroi ; on the other hand, passing over the Birtowall language,
said to be related to that of Moneroo, but of which I have
not been able to obtain a specimen, we find the languages
between Gape Howe and Sydney Cove differing from those of
Gippsland, and strongly connected amongst themselves, in
proof of which the following tables are given: —
PREFATORY REMARKS.
541
■e PI
J o
-^ el
■s i
O -S
o ^
a S
^ 2
o §
i I
3 is
a !=i
S g
<B o
'rt a
■^ s
n
e3
>
6
c5 so
' II
1 .. i t-i
3 g, 2 60
i!
g
^
^1
^
O izi P3 M
3 o
o
S"
1
■ 1 1
5
1
t .a
o o rf
1
111' '
1 1
a o ,s
1
ffl M w
S M !2;
w
1
s
1
i ||
.1 =3
11
i 1 1^ 1
1
1 1
1
1
^ s
y ^
^^■l
sS
1
a
1 §1
1
a
i
■■s o o .g
§ 1^ iz; M
1 1
M
.
,
o
1
« 1 § .
rt 1
§
a
ill
w m M
1 i 1 i
a ^ M ft
s
■g
.1 i
S3 " §
III
rib
_e
g '^ s o 13
M ^ W ^ ^
1 '
1
d
a
o
° 1 1
1-5 l> Iz;
i
1 1 1 1 1
1 i
3
1
.1
o
bo
1
■ i
II'
.g
1 bo bo § i
" g a o g rt
;3^ wll ^
1 I
'
a bo
■
1
1 :S 1
1
,i4
1
tin 1
1
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bo
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1
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1
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,=3 a S
S i^ 1 1 ■§
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M O H
H
O H H CQ P^
A ft
542
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Table showing affinities between the Brabrolung Language and several
Wiiratheri Dialects.
English.
Gippsland.
Wiiratheri.
Place where Dialect is
spoken.
Opossum -
Wodthan -
Willee
Upper Castlereagh.
Dog - - -
Merrigang
Merree
a
Emu -
Miowera -
Ouring
))
Snake
Toorung -
Doorung -
)»
Stone -
Wallung -
Warlung -
Bogan River.
Breasts
Beng
Bere -
)5
Fat -
Warnewan
Warnoo -
>)
You -
Nindo
Indoo
>)
Bad -
Dinden
Yingil
J)
Hungry
Mreman -
Marang -
))
Skin -
Yone
Yulin
Macquarie Kiver.
Tomahawk -
Gwean
Berguin -
3»
Moon -
Wane
Gewang -
)»
Dark -
Bookang -
Buddong -
)>
Rain -
Willang -
Kaling
J»
Yesterday -
Warran -
Uningwarra
Dubbo.
Stone -
Wallung -
Wallung -
Bathurst.
As the result of the facts set out, supported as they are
by the evidence of language, I arrive at the following conclu-
sions, viz., That Gippsland began to be peopled at its western
extremity by Wiiratheri-descended Blacks from the valley of
the Yarra ; that the first comers into this district continued
to increase, and spread themselves in every direction, in
which they were not prevented from so doing by mountains
or dense scrubs, until they came in contact, in the neighbour-
hood of Cape Howe, with tribes which had reached that
locality by following the coast line from Sydney Harbour;
and finally that, on the meeting of these Yarra and Sydney
descended tribes, the occupation of this continent by the
aboriginal race became complete at this point. It is to be
borne in mind that Gippsland is all but surrounded by
scrubs and mountains, which are nearly impenetrable, and
PREFATORY REMARKS. 543
that it was this circumstance which cut off communication
between the Blacks of that district and those of the Yarra
valley, and restricted their outside relations to the Birtowall
and Moneroo tribes. , What time it took for the first comers
to spread themselves throughout Gippsland there is nothing
to show, except that it was sufficiently long to allow of the
growth of several languages, and of their descendants
increasing to as many as 1,500 souls. What time has
elapsed since the occupation of Australia by the Blacks
became complete is another question, to which no reply can
be given, except that no fact has come to light which would
lead to the suspicion that the occurrence has been of recent
date. Indeed, were it not for the deductions to be drawn
from the languages and customs of the continent as a whole,
it would be impossible to predicate that the tribes on the
north coast have existed from a more ancient date than
those of Gippsland, and yet there is probably a difference
of several hundred years between the epochs at which the
two coasts were first peopled.
The last of the vocabularies which appears in this book,
No. 213, has no connection with those of Gippsland. It
belongs to an isolated tribe on the Upper Murray, of which
but three members were left when I received it, and is
inserted here for convenience' sake. A second rendering of
this vocabulary, which I received from the late G. E. H.
Stuckey, I have not thought necessary to insert.
No. 210.— GIPPSLAND.
A GOOD deal of difficulty has been experienced with the
vocabularies of Gippsland, for the remnants of the tribes
which spoke them, having now dwelt together for twenty or
thirty years, their languages have become much mixed.
Originally, there were probably six or seven distinct lan-
guages in this district — of one of these, that -spoken by
544 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
the Brabrolung or Brad-ow-oo-loong tribe, four renderings
are given; and of Omeo and the Snowy Eiver, one each.
The following account of the Brabrolung tribe is com-
piled from notes kindly forwarded by Mr. John Bulmer,
who, as already stated, has lived amongst them for many
years, in charge of the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Eeserve.
The country of this tribe is between the rivers Mitchell
and Tambo and the lakes into which they fall. "When the
Whites first entered Gippsland, in 1841, Mr. Bulmer thinks
the native population may have amounted to 1,000 souls,
amongst whom were noticed many men and women who
seem to have reached the age of seventy or eighty years.
In 1862, when my informant began his residence in the dis-
trict, the number had dwindled to 150, of whom 80 are now
(1882) all that remain. The decrease is attributed to the
causes so often mentioned in these pages. Like the other
tribes of Victoria, those of Gippsland were clad in opossum-
skin rugs. The girls wore a fringe of opossum-fur strings
round the waist, called kiung; as did also the men, on state
occasions, one made of strips of the skin of the kangaroo or
some other animal. Their ornaments were necklaces made
of small reeds, cut into short lengths; a netted band round
the forehead; and a bone through the septum of the nose.
On occasions of rejoicing, they smeared their bodies with a
compound of red ochre and grease; and, when in mourning,
with pipe-clay. They manufactured fishing-nets and bags
out of grass, and also from the fibre of stringybark. Their
tomahawks were of hard stone, brought to an edge by first
chipping and afterwards by rubbing with sandstone ; their
spears were tipped, sometimes with sharp flakes of flint,
fastened on with the gum of the grass-tree, and at others
with barbs cut out of the solid wood. They had also several
kinds of clubs, one called kallak (i.e., wood) ; and two sorts
of shields, one used in combats with clubs, and the other
when fighting with spears. They had also Ijoomerangs and
wommeras.
GIPPSLAND. 545
The principal articles of food in Gippsland were kanga-
roo, wallaby, native-bear, opossum, and fish ; they had also
yams and several other sorts of vegetables, and it is a
singular circumstance that ovens are not found in Gipps-
land. Eestrictions in connection with certain articles of
food, regulated by age and sex, existed as elsewhere, though
of course a change of production led to variations in
detail. Of small-pox, the marks of which were so common
in the rest of Victoria up to 1845, no traces ever existed in
Gippsland, as I have been informed by many persons besides
Mr. Bulmer, who also remarks that the Blacks of that
district have no name for the disease in their language.
Cannibalism was avowedly practised by these tribes, to
the extent of eating portions of the skin and the hands of
an enemy when slain. Instances of this have been noticed
more than once by White men. Mr. Bulmer remarks the
very general characteristic, that the Gippsland Black did not
consider the person who met him in fair fight as a real
enemy, but only the individual who practised magic against
him ; " he," as they said, " would seize me by the throat,
and lay a net for my feet." Of the remains of such as these
they would eat.
The Gippsland Blacks objected strongly to let any one
outside the tribe know their names, lest their enemies, learn-
ing them, should make them vehicles of incantation, and so
charm their lives away. As children were not thought to
have enemies, they used to speak of a man as " the father,
uncle, or cousin of so-and-so," naming a child ; but on all
occasions abstained from mentioning the name of a grown-
up person. Now-a-days, this superstition has given way, and
Mr. Bulmer has been able to give me the following names of
some of the Blacks at Lake Tyers Reserve: — Males: Bungil
Noorut, wombat hunter ; Dango-willin ; Bungil Tambun,
fish hunter; Bungil Barlijan, platypus hunter; Karemba-
kyne; Karloba, crane; Bumberat, the name of a place;
Wallung, stone; Bundalwaal, stinging-spear; Torrikaat;
VOL. III. 2 M
546 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Benguan; Yelmri, shark. Females: Yowali; Boolgen;
Labit; Turlkang.
Mr. Bulmer thinks that the Gippsland tribes used to have
class-names in connection with their marriage system, but
that since our arrival they have been forgotten. Men used to
marry women of other tribes, if unable to obtain as wives in
their own, women unrelated to them. On this subject they were
very particular, even third cousins being within the prohibited
degrees of relationship. Polygamy was practised, and aj man
had a right to the widow of his brother. If he did not care
to have her, or the deceased had left no brother, his relations
disposed of her as they thought fit. There is reason to
believe that custom sanctioned a single man cohabiting
occasionally with his brother's wife; and also a married man
with his wife's sister. A man spoke of his sister-in-law as
puppar-worcat, which means another wife; and when a wife
died, her sister not unfrequently took her place. Girls were
often married at thirteen years of age, and their mothers
preferred their marrying out of the tribe, on account of the
custom which required mothers-in-law and sons-in-law never
to speak to each other, or almost be seen by each other,
which was excessively inconvenient in daily life. Wives
were generally obtained in exchange for sisters or cousins.
Occasionally, however, a youth got a girl to elope with him.
The pair were certain to be overtaken in a day or two at
latest, when the girl received some wholesome correction,
and the man a sound thrashing and some wounds. As the
result of several elopements and several thrashings, it not
unfrequently happened that the constancy of the youthful
pair overcame the customs of the tribe, and the marriage was
ratified. Children belonged to the tribe of the father. The
tribes of Gippsland are fast dying out, principally from con-
sumption, diseases of the liver, and other ailments common
amongst them.
In these tribes, the septum of the nose is pierced, and
the skin scarred on the back, shoulders, and stomach, in
GIPPSLAND. 547
both sexes; no teetli are knocked out, and circumcision is
unknown.
The Gippsland tribes, as far as can be ascertained, had
no knowledge of God, and certainly no worship or religious
belief of any kind. As usual, they practised sorcery, with a
view to taking the lives of their enemies. The mode of pro-
ceeding was to obtain possession of something which had
belonged to the person whose death was desired, such as
some of his hair, or excrement, or food; or to touch him with
an egg-shaped piece of stone which was called bulk, and was
thought to be possessed of magic powers. At other times,
they would charm by means of the makthar (real name of the
person); or several of them, retiring to some lonely spot,
and drawing on the ground a rude likeness of the victim,
would sit around it and devote him to destruction with
cabalistic ceremonies. Such was their dread of proceedings
of this sort, that, not unfrequently, men and women who
learnt that they had been made the subjects of incantations,
quickly pined away and died of fright.
The Creator of all that has life on the earth they believe
to have been a gigantic Blackfellow, who lived in Gippsland
many centuries ago, and dwells amongst the stars. Indeed
many of the stars are named after some of their people
long since dead. Venus, for instance, is called Bungil
Noorut, or wombat-hunter, and, as we have seen, an indi-
vidual of the tribe bears the same name at the present
day. They have also the tradition of a deluge, of which
Mr. Bulmer gives the following particulars. Ages ago
there was no water in what are now the lakes, rivers, and
seas known to the Kurnai (a name which seems to have
included all the tribes of Gippsland), for an immense frog
had swallowed up the whole of it. This state of things, it
appears, was a source of great discomfort to the animals
generally, and especially to the fishes, so they held a consul-
tation on the subject, and came to the conclusion that the
only remedy was to make the frog laugh, and that if this
could be accomplished there would soon be plenty of water.
2MZ
548 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
To give effect to this idea, every animal presented himself
before the frog in the most ludicrous postures he could
assume, and went through his funniest antics. For a time,
however, they were unsuccessful, until the eel stood upon the
tip of his tail, which so tickled the overgrown frog that he
literally burst with laughing, and the water poured from him
in such vast streams that there was presently a deluge, and
all the Blacks would have been drowned, had not one of
them. Loon by name, made a large canoe, in which he saved
a great many. Why at the present day they call White
men Loon, I cannot say. However, alas ! for the ingratitude
of human nature, those who^ Loon had saved refused to
give him a wife, in consequence of which he pipe-clayed
himself in the orthodox fashion, and commenced hostilities
forthwith. In this undertaking, however, he seems to have
been worsted; at all events, all that is positively known is
that he was transformed into a pelican, and it is owing to
the pipe-clay that this bird has always been so white about
the head and breast. Fire, according to the traditions of
the Gippsland people, was originally obtained ages ago by
their ancestors from Bimba-mrit (the fire-tailed finch) in a
very curious way, and I remember having heard from the
Bangerang people in my youth a host of traditions, of which
I can no longer recall the particulars, but which were quite
similar in character (possibly in detail) to those related by
Mr. Bulmer as existing in Gippsland.
The Gippsland Blacks had canoes of bark, the smooth side
of the bark being outside, which, as far as I am aware, is an
exceptional arrangement. The ends of the canoe were secured
with string. They obtained kangaroo and emu by surround-
ing and spearing them. Fish was procured with nets, spears,
and also with hooks made of bone, an implement which I
have not noticed in use in any other Victorian tribe. They
made rough drawings of animals with charcoal on sheets of
bark, and probably on rocks and in caverns.
In all Australian tribes we find the corroboree, and those
of G-ippsland were no exception to the rule. They likewise
GIPPSLAND.
549
made tlieir striplings into young men at from sixteen to
eighteen years of age, and buried their dead sometimes in
trunks of trees and at others in the ground, the mourners,
whilst the interment was in progress, beating their heads
with their stone tomahawks until the blood flowed. Wars
were generally undertaken to revenge murders, deaths
brought about by sorcery, and the abduction of women.
Fights were carried on in the usual way with spears, boome-
rangs, and clubs. Disputes within the tribe were often
settled with the club, and stiU more frequently, as Mr. Bulmer
remarks, " with much talking and much lying." No form of
government existed. Message-sticks were not in use. Men
saluted each other when they met after an absence by placing
their hands on each others shoulders.
The Gippsland tribes spoke of the few outside tribes of
whose existence they knew as Brajerak, from Bra = men,
SLiad jerra = /ear.
The four attached renderings of the Brabrolung vocabu-
lary differ somewhat, owing to the cause already mentioned.
The following Additional Words were kindly supplied by
Mr. Bulmer: —
Son -
- leeth.
Leaf -
- jerrang.
Daughter -
- turtbaggan.
Branch
- bimdanga kal
Arm -
- birndang.
lak.
Elbow
- jellung.
Pipe-clay -
- marloo.
Thumb
- yakan bret
String -
- ngarang.
(mother of the
Creek -
- kaewat.
hand).
Plain -
- bawarau.
Heart -
- bappak.
Sand -
- wathart.
Liver -
- wolowalak.
Tail of animal
- wrek.
Great toe -
- yakan jaan
Meat -
- jaak.
(mother of the
Lightning -
- mlangbit.
. foot).
Bald head -
- barrat poork.
Toe -
- kimba yarrak.
Angry -
- yarrak.
Face
- mree.
Stupid
- narangan.
Knee -
- bun.
Die -
- melkea.
Heel -
- blanjaan.
Fight -
- paudean.
Anus -
- ngrang, darn.
Give -
- yooa.
Urine -
■ wiraak.
Spit -
- thupanwert.
Feather
- wirtwirt.
Fall -
- plakanwert.
Cloud -
- nort.
Whistle
- whirtbran.
550
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
Additional Woeds — continued.
Make -
- naratba.
Plea -
- nin; said not to
Run -
- wLndan.
have been
known before
Excrete
- gwanangang.
the arrival of
Speak -
- thunathang.
the Whites.
Vomit -
- kramerook.
Frog -
- tirtelak.
Cut -
- batgea.
Yam-stick -
- kanning.
Laugh
- krambalwert.
String
- ngarang.
Jump -
- kirndan.
Louse -
- nin.
Sing -
- witebalan.
Red -
- krookirk (see
Strike -
- pandan.
Blood).
Swim -
- wiragwan.
White -
- taba-taba.
Cry -
- nung.
Black -
- nirnba, nimbal.
Scratch
- wirta.
Green -
- (no word exists).
Thin - -
- terangan.
Blind -
- toorlo mree.
Lazy -
- yardile.
Deaf -
- narangan wring.
When -
- nara.
Shadow
- ngowk.
Here -
- dthitha.
Liar -
- jatebolak.
Go away (go you) yan imba.
Red ochre -
- nial.
No. 210..— G]
[PPSLAND.
By John B
gLMEK, Esq.
Kangaroo -
jirrah.
Hand -
- bret.
Opossum -
wadhan.
2 Blacks -
- thana wert kani.
Tame dog -
baan.
3 Blacks -
- kani booloman
Wild dog -
ngooran, merri-
hatha kootook.
gang.
One -
- kootopan.
Emu -
miowera.
Two -
- booloman.
Black duck
wrang.
Three
- booloman hatha
Wood duck
jellangoong.
kotook.
Pelican
booran.
Four -
- booloman hatha
Laughing jaokas
s wokook.
boolung.
Native companion kooragan.
Father
- moongan.
White cockatoo
braak.
Mother
- yakkan.
Crow -
wagara.
Sister-Elder
- bowang.
Swan -
gidi.
„ Younger
- lunduk.
Egg - -
booyang.
Brother-Elder
- bramun.
Track of a foot
wanick.
,, Younger tunang.
Fiah -
kine.
A young man
- brawitban.
Lobster
waat.
An old man
- boordine.
Crayfish -
waat.
An old woman
.
Mosquito -
newan.
A baby
- leth.
Fly -
naroon.
A White man
- lorn or loon.
Snake
toorung.
The Blacks
kani.
Children -
- womba leth.
A Blackfellow -
bra kani.
Head -
- poork.
A Black woman
wooroat.
Eye -
- mri.
Nose -
koong.
Ear -
- wring.
GIPPSTiAND.
551
No. 210.— GiFTSLA^tD— continued.
Mouth
- gaat.
Boomerang -
- wangin.
Teeth -
- nerndack.
Hill -
- kragnark.
Hair of the head- lirt.
Wood-
- kallaok.
Beard
- yain lirt.
Stone -
- wallung.
Thunder -
■ quarran.
Camp -
- bang.
Grass
- ban.
Yes -
- nga.
Tongue
- jellan.
No -
- ngalko.
Stomach
- booloon.
I
- ngio.
Breasts
- beng.
You -
- uindo.
Thigh -
- jerran.
Bark -
- yone da kallack
Foot -
- jane.
(akin of a tree).
Bone -
- bring.
Good -
- lane.
Blood -
- karndobara.
Bad -
- din-din.
Skin -
- yone.
Sweet -
- naroon.
Fat -
- wamewan.
Food -
- napan.
Bowels
- tirlk.
Hungry
- rareman.
Excrement -
- gwanang.
Thirsty
- taraban tooloot.
War- spear -
- waal.
Eat -
- thana.
B«ed-spear -
- kowat.
Sleep -
- bairndan.
Throwing-stick
- kaning.
Drink -
- glookban.
Shield
- bamerook.
Walk -
- yangan.
Tomahawk -
- gwian.
See -
- takan.
Canoe -
- gre.
Sit - -
- neanwert.
Sun -
- woorin.
Yesterday -
- waran.
Moon -
- wane.
To-day
- jilU.
Star -
- brael.
To-morrow -
- broondo.
Light -
- yart.
Where are the
woonmanda
Dark -
- bookang.
Blacks ?
kani?
Cold -
- merbuck.
I don't know
- ngee or ngalla
Heat -
- quaragwan.
ngat bowome.
Day -
- broon.
Plenty
- ya-il.
Night -
- bookang.
Big -
- quarrail.
Fire -
- towera.
Little -
- tarlit.
Water
- yarn.
Dead -
- tirligan.
Smoke
- thoue.
By-and-by -
- nowando.
Ground
- wrack.
Come on
- nowan.
Wind ■•
- krowera.
Milk -
- baak.
Rain -
- willang.
Eaglehawk -
- quarnameroo.
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
- mraat.
Wife -
- woorcat.
552
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 210.— GIPPSLAND.
By the
Weiteb.
Kangaroo -
girri.
Hand -
• bret.
Opossum
waitun,koongora,
2 Blacks -
tanoward
Tame dog -
baain.
bindagunnai.
Wild dog -
mirigang.
3 Blacks -
poolanain da
Emu -
maioor, gyewi.
gunnai.
Black duck -
wirrung.
One -
ngoonabin.
Wood duck
naidit.
Two -
tanoward.
Pelican
boorun.
Three -
tanowara ta
Laughing jackass
burndigan.
ngooruk.
Native companion
karloo-
Four -
- tanoward tan-
turtkurawun.
oward.
White cockatoo
brack.
Father
moongan.
Crow -
klard, waageri.
Mother
yakkun.
Swan -
kooindrook.
Sister-Elder
- bowung.
Egg - -
booiang.
,, Younger
lunduk.
Track of a foot
wannik.
Brother-Elder
- bramun.
Pish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito
P.y -
Snake
The Blacks -
(no general name)
dirndung-
dirnduk.
the same,
neuwan.
bi-an.
toorong.
wrukut
,, Younger
A young man
An old man
An old woman
A baby
A White man
tundung.
gerai el.
- boordain, warri
ganna.
- ngoondigallok.
- taloogroong.
- looun.
gilgunnai.
Children
- groong.
A Blackfellow
gtmnai.
Head -
- brook, ngenan.
A Black woman -
wrukut.
Eye -
- mri, meeragoot.
Nose -
goong.
Ear -
- wring.
GIPPSLAND.
553
No. 210.— GippSLAND — continued.
Mouth
Teeth -
Hair of the head ■
Beard -
Thunder
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
Breasts
Thigh -
Foot -
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
Pat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Tliro wing-stick
Shield
Tomahawk -
Canoe
Sun - - ■
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire -
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind -
Rain -
God -
Ghosts
kaatch.
ngurnduk.
lirt.
yeen.
koorang.
bun.
gelling.
buUun.
baauk.
gerrang.
jaen.
bring.
nuruk.
yoo-un.
goworni.
dum-
gwanung.
boren.
waal.
marrewun,
- bamrook,
mun.
• gooiun.
yuro.
woorrin.
nyurrun.
bi-il.
daibinturuk.
lalit.
mraerpuk.
quaragwin.
wurrin.
buWiceluk.
dower.
kaUtung.
ncepur, naipur.
wruk.
grower.
willung.
(no word).
mrait, yootgang.
Boomerang -
Hill -
Wood -
Stone -
Camp -
Yes -
No -
I
You -
Bark -
Good -
Bad -
Sweet -
Pood -
Hungry
Thirsty
Eat -
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk -
See -
Sit -
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
Plenty
Big - -
Little -
Dead -
By-and-by -
Come on
Milk -
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
Wife -
■ wangm.
■ grangurk.
■ dower.
■ walloong.
■ bung,
ngi.
■ ngalkoo.
■ ngaioo.
uidoo.
■ nunduk.
• langmin.
- tenbin.
■ nirroong.
dooit or dwitt.
■ mremin, ganu-
kin.
■ gwan.
dumbin or tum-
bin.
• bemdin.
• krooitpin.
- yannin.
- dein.
■ bunengin.
ngendower.
jillaioo.
brindoo.
woodun da gun-
nai?
woodai gi or
ngalkoo.
yeilmin.
quarailmin.
turliklin.
turdigin.
nowindja.
koo-e-a.
mwaranga-barga.
kurnugmuroon.
woorngil.
main.
554
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 210.— GIPPSLAND.
By the Revd. F. A. Haoenauee.
We have seen that Paroo is the name of a river and the equivalen]t of
fish , so Tamho in this language means fish and is also the name of one of
the rivers.
Kangaroo -
koorang.
Hand -
- manya.
Opossum -
karramook.
2 Blacks -
■• boolet gamy.
Tame dog -
baan.
3 Blacks -
- boolet-pEC kiap
Wild dog -
gamy.
Emu -
myory.
One -
- kiap.
Black duck -
woorang.
Two
- boolet.
Wood duck-
woorangy.
Three -
- boolet ba kiap.
Pelican
boorang.
Four -
- boolet ba boolet
Laughing jackass-
wookwook.
ye.
Native companion
kooracan.
Father
- moongan, ma-
White cockatoo
braak.
men.
Crow -
wong.
Mother
- yaokau, baben.
Swan -
Sister-Elder
- bowang.
Egg - - -
booyoong.
,, Younger
- menein.
Track of a foot
worn.
Brother-Elder
- wawin.
Fish -
tambo.
,, Younger
Lobster
kipil.
A young man
- brawit.
Crayfish
yappy.
An old man
- boordnie.
Mosquito -
naroon.
An old woman
- boordine woor- .
Fly - - -
kerramongera.
cat.
Snake -
koran, gooroot-
A baby
- boboop.
mill.
A White man
- marndell.
The Blacks -
gamy.
Children
- wambar-laath.
A Blaokfellow -
gamy.
Head -
- propoop.
A Black woman -
woorcat.
Eye -
- toorooming.
Nose - - -
kapung.
Ear -
- wooring.
1
No. 210.— GiPPSLAND— coreimMed.
Mouth
- wooloong.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
nerndack.
Hill -
Hair of the head
■ narat.
Wood -
- tower.
Beard -
- narangyan.
Stone -
- waloon.
Thunder -
Grass -
- willingnoong.
- ban.
Camp -
- bang.
Tongue
- gellong.
Yes -
- ngai.
Stomach
- werriok.
No - -
- naatpan.
Breasts
- mooi.
I
- yetty.
Thigh -
- karrip.
You -
- yerally.
Foot -
- tinang.
Bark -
- moorook.
Bone -
- yarlaak.
Good -
- laen.
Blood -
kamdobara.
Bad -
• denban.
Skin -
- yooen.
Sweet -
- laenan.
Fat -
- temgatta.
Food -
kuwat.
Bowels
- noongwanang.
Hungry
- wecking.
Excrement -
- goouny.
Thirsty
- oonanim.
War-spear -
- wal.
Eat -
- tampaok.
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick
- toorooknaroong.
■ naroong.
Sleep -
- dora.
Shield -
- bammerook.
Drink -
- klurkpan.
Tomahawk -
- kallaok.
Walk -
- yangan.
Canoe -
- gree.
See -
- tackan.
Sun -
- wooreen.
Sit -
- kopeck.
Moon -
- wane.
Yesterday -
- nintower.
Star -
- brael.
To-day
- ugawan.
Light -
- werrook.
To-morrow -
roockoo.
Dark -
- pooroon, bat-
Where are the
winya garny?
gala.
Blacks?
Cold -
- merbook. ,
I don't know
- waga galatiri
Heat -
quarra-quarrack.
nyak.
Day ■
- woorin.
Plenty
■ yaail.
Night -
- bookan.
Big -
quanail.
Fire -
towera.
Little -
tarlitban.
Water
- katung.
Dead -
turtigan.
Smoke
tong.
By-and-by -
nowantook.
Ground
woork.
Come on
goir.
Wind -
kookowert.
Milk -
Rain -
myoong.
Eaglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife -
655
556
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 210.— GIPPSLAND.
By Alfred W. Howitt, Esq., P.M., Sale.
Kangaroo -
- baoot, djeerah.
Hand -
- brett, narrung-
Opossum -
- wattungjwirrwy.
nun.
Tame dog -
- bam.
2 Blacks -
- buUung kumi.
Wild dog -
- merricun.
3 Blacks -
- buUumanna kur-
Emu -
- myowr, crewee.
Black duck
- oowreng, nur-
nibattagoot-tuk
durt.
One -
- goottup.
Wood duck
- nark, jeelung-
Two -
- buUum.
eetie.
Three -
buUum-au-batta-
Pelican
- poorun, wodjil.
goot-tuk.
- bullum-an-batta-
Laughing jackass coarg.
Four
Native companion gooreekun.
buUum.
White cockatoo
- brayak, ngulluk-
goorung.
Father
- munjan.
Crow -
- narrookul, eu-
Mother
- yackan.
mummurut.
Sister-Elder
- bowung.
Swan -
- giddijbabbiyung.
,, Younger
- lunduk.
Egg - -
- booyung.
Brother-Elder
- tundung.
Track of a foot
- wannik.
„ Younger bramung.
Pish -
- billy.
A young man
- browit.
Lobster
-
An old man
- boldine.
Crayfish
- greeur.
An old woman
Mosquito -
- neerwun.
Ely .
- beeung.
A baby
- tally-leet.
Snake -
- thurung, gale-
A White man
- loan, cuUungurk
lung.
Children -
- leet.
The Blacks -
- kumi.
Head -
- poork.
A Blackf ellow
- ku?ni.
Eye -
- mree.
A Black woman
- woorkut.
Ear -
- ooeng, bunnun-
Nose -
- ooong.
gurry.
GIPPSLAND.
00
No. 210 — GiPPSLAND — continued.
Mouth
■ gart.
Boomerang •
-
Teeth
- nunduk.
Hill -
_
Hair of the heac
Beard -
- leet.
- yane.
Wood -
- gallagut.
Thunder -
• gwarrun, toom-
Stone -
- wallung.
boyee.
Camp -
- bung.
Grass -
- bun, neartbun.
Yes -
- gna.
Tongue
- tellung.
No -
- gnart-bun.
Stomach
- minduk.
Breasts
- bark.
I
- gniu.
Thigh -
- bum.
You -
- gnendu.
Foot -
- djeen.
Bark -
- ewn.
Bone -
- bring.
Good -
- laen.
Blood -
- grook, kumdoo-
burra.
- ewn.
Bad -
- dindin, denbun
Skin -
Sweet -
- laen.
Fat -
- wurna-woony,
Food -
-
tchewanny.
Hungry
- mrammaleg.
Bowels
- oraook.
Thirsty
_
Excrement -
- gwanung.
Eat -
War-spear -
- booring. turrum-
butty.
Sleep -
- baindu.
Keed-spear -
- warl.
Drink -
- tarny.
Throwing-stick
- murrywun.
Walk -
- yangun.
Shield
- bammarook,
birrcumba.
See -
- tarkatta.
Tomahawk -
- boondooba.
Sit -
- neeni.
Canoe -
- gree.
Yesterday -
- pookung.
Sun -
- wooreen.
To-day
- djilleye.
Moon -
- narrung.
Star -
- breel.
To-morrow -
- broondoo.
Light -
- wooreen.
Where are the woolka dutta
Dark -
- butguUuk.
Blacks?
kumi?
Cold -
- mabruck.
I don't know
- nee.
Heat -
-
Day -
- wooreen.
Plenty
- yale.
Night -
- butguUuk, bo-
Big -
- gatty.
Fire -
kung.
- towra, goombal-
Little -
- tally.
lung.
Dead -
- turdy-gattoo.
Water
- yarn, gattung.
By-and-by -
- meerindoo.
Smoke
- bowndung, toon.
Come on
- now-wunty.
Ground
- wurk.
Milk -
_
Wind-
-
Eaglehawk -
,
Rain -
God -
- willung.
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
-
Wife -
-
558
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 211.— OMEO.
By John Btjlmee, Esq.
Kangaroo -
Opossum
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu - . -
Black duck -
Wood duck-
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Crow -
Swan -
Egg -
Track of a foot
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - -
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow
A Black woman ■
Nose -
joatba.
wadthan.
worregal.
ngurrun.
tooloma.
ngapalanga.
(none).
kookunyal.
koorook.
gidauo.
yukumbraek.
koonyack.
bial.
manja.
thangambooloa,
baranjak.
moneya.
miangan.
titchogan.
yune.
yune.
kowambo.
Hand -
- mana-mana.
2 Blacks -
- warkolala yune.
3 Blacks -
■ warkolala bore
yune.
One -
- bore.
Two -
- warkolala.
Three -
- warkolala bore.
Four -
- warkolala-war-
kolala.
Father
- papang.
Mother
- najan.
Sister-Elder
- namang.
„ Younger
-
Brother-Elder
- dejan.
,, Younger
A young man
- warambal.
An old man
- jirrabang.
An old woman
- kowandil.
A baby
- narang.
A White man
- moomogung.
Children -
- wenyeran.
Head -
- kuttagang.
Eye -
• kundolo.
Ear -
- janya.
OMEO.
559
No. 211.— Omi&o— continued.
Mouth
- mundo.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- yera.
Hill - -
Hair of the head
- karung-karung.
Wood -
- baar.
Beard -
Thunder
- yerang.
- merbi.
Stone -
■ dinga.
Grass -
- boon.
Camp -
- baanya.
Tongue
- thalan.
Yes -
- yayoo.
Stomach
,
No -
- karanga.
Breasts
■ booyaok.
I - -
- nadtha.
Thigh
- naryalan.
You -
- nginda.
Foot -
- jiunang.
Bark -
- worogang.
Bone -
- kakaquo.
Good -
- koingowa.
Blood -
- kooroba.
Bad -
- kiaro.
Skin -
- wotquang.
Sweet
- yalagang.
Fat -
- kamboa.
Food -
- thangang.
Bowels
- kunanqua.
Hungry
- meria.
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
- nangwa.
- jerambity.
- yarka.
Thirsty
Eat ■
- jutoia.
- thianang.
Throwing-stiok
- kallin.
Sleep -
- miamial (?).
Shield ■
- ngamal.
Drink -
- yaranang.
Tomahawk -
- ngamba.
Walk -
- nana.
Canoe -
- worbaug.
See -
- bakana.
Sun -
- noweyo.
Sit -
- kako.
Moon -
- kabatang.
Yesterday -
- kakoura.
Star -
- jewang.
To-day
- yamathango.
Light -
- mamat.
To-morrow -
kambejeri.
Dark -
- kambijo.
Where are the
walo yune ?
Cold -
- karritt.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- jilmin.
I don't know
- nari-nari miga
Day -
yamathango.
Plenty
qooranaka.
Night -
kambijo.
Big -
thorkee.
Fire -
watha.
Little -
maragalang.
Water
miamial.
Dead -
toortbamban.
Smoke
maniak.
By-and-by -
balowa.
Ground
thia.
Come on
kakow.
Wind -
koorokmang.
Milk -
Rain -
japmamau.
Baglehawk -
God -
Wild turkey
Ghosts
Wife -
560
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 212.— SNOWY RIVER.
By John Bulmbb, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- jirra.
Hand -
- bret.
Opossum -
wachan.
2 Blacks -
- boolong kani.
Tame dog -
- baan.
3 Blacks -
- booloom catha
Wild dog -
ngooran.
kootook kani
Emu -
■ miowera.
One -
- kootook.
Black duck
wreng.
Two -
- boolong.
Wood duck
nembalagang.
Three -
- booloom catha
Pelican
booran.
kootook.
Laughing jackass
kookokarrak.
Four -
- booloom catha
Native companion
balwin.
booloom.
White cockatoo
brak.
Father
lang.
Crow -
woggara.
Mother
- yakkan.
Swan -
gidi.
Sister-Elder
- bowang.
Egg - -
booyang.
,, Younger
landack.
Track of a foot -
ngooka janda.
Brother-Elder
- tandang.
Fish -
kine.
,, Younger
brammon.
Lobster
krangalang.
A young man
- brawit.
Crayfish
An old man
- boordine.
Mosquito -
tirdick.
An old woman
Fly - - -
ngaroon.
A baby
- leeth.
Snake -
thoorung.
A White man
lorne.
The Blacks -
kani,
Children
wagut leeth.
A Blackfellow
kani.
Head -
- kowat.
A Black woman -
woorcat.
Eye -
mree.
Nose ■
koong.
Ear -
wring.
SNOWY RIVER.
561
No. 212.— Snowy Ki-ver— continued
.
Mouth
- kaath.
Boomerang -
- wongin.
Teeth -
- ngerndak.
Hill -
- ngarkandit.
Hair of the head - lirt poork.
Wood -
- kallack.
Beard -
- yaan.
Stone -
- woUung.
Thunder ■
- quarran.
Camp -
- ngoya.
Grass -
- ban.
Yes -
- nga.
Tongue
- jellin.
No -
- ngatban.
Stomach
- booloon.
I
- ngio.
Breasts
- beng.
You -
- ngindo.
Thigh
- jerran.
Bark -
- ngoya.
Foot -
- Jan.
Good -
- laan.
Bone -
- bring.
Bad -
- dindin.
Blood -
- krook.
Sweet -
- laan.
Skin -
- yone.
Food -
- kindoine.
Pat -
- warnewan.
Hungry -
- mreman.
Bowels
- karrickguanang.
Thirsty
- kuan.
Excrement -
- guanang.
Eat -
- bangathang.
War-spear -
- waal.
Sleep -
- bamding.
Reed-spear -
- dhrak.
Drink -
- glucknan.
Throwing-stick
- kanning.
Walk -
- yanning.
Shield
- bamorook.
See -
- tiarwark.
Tomahawk -
- gwian.
Canoe ■■
- gree.
Sit
- ning.
Sun -
- woorin.
Yesterday -
- merrin.
Moon -
- wane.
To-day
- jilli.
Star -
- brael.
To-morrow -
- preppa merrin
Light -
- yart.
Where are the
wulki thatha
Dark -
- broin.
Blacks ?
kani?
Cold -
- merbaak.
I don't know
- ngree.
Heat -
- quaraquarak.
Plenty
- nanwagut.
Day -
- woorin.
Big - -
- parrewatti.
Night -
- lalat.
Little -
- tarlit.
Fire -
- mrit.
Water
- yarn.
Dead -
- yurrutkatho.
Smoke
- thone.
By-and-by -
- tagut.
Ground
- wrack.
Come on
- narrawert.
Wind
- qrowero.
Milk - -
- baak.
Rain -
- wlUang.
Eaglehawk -
- quarnamerong
God - -
-
Wild turkey
- (none).
Ghosts
- yutgang.
Wife - -
- woorcat.
VOL. III.
2
N
562
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 213.— UPPER MURRAY.
By — Mitchell, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- buju
Hand -
- murra.
Opossum -
Tame dog -
Wild dog -
Emu -
- burrar.
- boa.
- murra.
2 Blacks -
3 Blacks -
One -
- guddee.
Black duck
- tooma.
Two -
- polithup.
Wood duck
- mullawur.
Three -
- poliguddee
Pelican
- karwadde.
Four -
,
Laughing jackass unbabua.
Native companion berranga.
White cockatoo - keaa.
Crow - - - berrutha.
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
- mama.
- baba.
- tiga.
Swan -
- miewa.
„ Younger
-
Egg -
- booa.
Brother-Elder
- wugug.
Track of a foot
Fish - -
Lobster
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly -
Snake -
- bunju.
- kurewa.
- oarrda.
- moUula.
- pemba.
- j"-u-
,, Younger
A young man - ewaru.
An old man - muddega.
An old woman - gerriga.
A baby - - kubeega.
A White man - waruntha.
The Blacks -
- yiera.
Children
- murraga.
A Blackfellow
- jere.
Head -
- bua.
A Black woman
- jaire.
Eye -
- me.
Nose ■
- nga.
Ear -
- murramba.
UPPER MURRAY.
563
No. 213. — Upper Murray — continued
Mouth
- diara.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- unguru.
Hill - - -
Hair of the head - kurrowa.
Wood-
Beard -
- yerra.
Stone -
Thunder -
- mundara.
Camp -
Grass •
- kamburru.
Yes -
Tongue
- turra.
No - - -
Stomach -
- ianaru.
I - - -
Breasts
- berree.
You -
Thigh -
- munda.
Bark -
Foot -
- gerra.
Good -
Bone -
- keela.
Bad ■
Blood -
- kurru.
Sweet -
Skin -
- wadda.
Food -
Fat -
- puttarra.
Hungry
Bowels
- boogu.
Thirsty
Excrement -
- gurra.
Eat -
War-spear -
- wonda.
Sleep -
Drink -
Reed spear -
- muthiingu.
Throwing-stick
- beuga.
Shield -
- belgamba.
Walk -
Tomahawk -
- nundee.
See -
Canoe -
- moutha.
Sit - - -
Sun -
- kunda.
Yesterday -
Moon -
- huerra.
To-day
Star -
- teimba.
To-morrow -
Light -
- parlee.
Where are the
Dark -
- kiewarra.
Blacks?
Cold -
- bouwatha.
I don't know
Heat -
- oueba.
Day -
- dandigunda.
Plenty
Night -
- tunna.
Big -
Fire -
- kurra.
Little -
Water
- warra.
Dead -
Smoke
- theu.
By-and-by -
Ground
- merie.
Come on -
Wind-
- karrie.
Milk -
Rain -
- neuma.
Eaglehawk -
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
-
Wife -
tawa.
maee.
yeo.
waananga.
ninna.
neibee.
waaree.
kieyangee.
muddinga.
kieyangee.
tunna.
bungowonabee.
duddumagathee .
tugathee.
murrongurra.
kuneemanabee.
yannabee.
nagadee.
curradabee.
pamungee.
yanduga.
uluthlu.
wonda jere ?
wondaya.
yuimgurru.
budda.
umburgunya.
burrura.
udarra.
2N2
BOOK THE TWENTY-THIRD.
MOITHERIBAN
^n^
TOWROONBAN
NCARRIMOWRO
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PI KKOLATPAN
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NOORILLIM
BAULIESTON
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C^ BROAOFOfT
Tjsed ia ie occupied, iy the 'Bangerang tribes.
cmdl^/iieof'thcJ/goortUaluTiispeaicingtnbas- Z)
Scale of Statute Miles,
BOOK THE TWENTY-THIRD.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
This book treats of the Bangerang tribes, in whose
country I was a pioneer settler in 1841. Properly there was
only one tribe of that name, which consisted of two inde-
pendent sections, the Wongatpan and Towroonban, which
speaking of themselves collectively always used the term
Bangerang. Besides these there were eight other tribes in
the neighbourhood, which sometimes spoke of themselves,
and were always spoken of by other tribes, as Bangerang.
The names of these tribes and their numbers, when I first
knew them in their original strength, were approximately as
follows : —
Wongatpan ------ 150 persons.
Towroonban 50
Wolllthiga 50
Kailthiban, sometimes called Waaringulum 50
Moitheriban 300
Pikkolatpan 100
Angootheriban ------ 100
Ngarrimowro ------ 150
Toolenyagan - - - - 100
Boongatpan 150
1,200
These tribes all spoke closely-related dialects. The
territory occupied by each I have set .out roughly in the map
attached to this book. It will, however, be understood that
the boundaries of their lands did not run in straight lines
as there shown, but were very irregular and governed by
natural features.
The Bangerang septs, it is important to notice, were
surrounded by a number of tribes which spoke what may be
called for the moment a common language which differed
from theirs. With these tribes (with the exception of the
568
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Pinpandoor, which had cast in its lot with them) the
Bangerang lived in a state of chronic feud.
In the country of the Bangerang proper, that is of the
Wongatpan and Towroonban, the writer resided from 1841
to 1851, and having described their manners in a former
work,* it will be unnecessary to go into the subject here.
The situation, however, of a congeries of linguistically-
related tribes surrounded by others whose language, closely
related amongst themselves, differed from theirs, is both un-
usual and worthy of notice, and could not fail to have been
the result of something uncommon in the past history of the
population of those parts. Another point worthy of obser-
vation is that the Bangerang tribes proper called the River
Goulburn Kai^e-la, and one of the tribes of their association
which dwelt on that river, Kailheban, or people of the Kaiela.
On the other hand, the Ngooraialum, which dwelt higher up
that stream, occupied a considerable portion of its bank, and
formed one of the several tribes which surrounded the
Bangerang septs, called the Goulburn Waaring and the
Kdilthiban, and not themselves, Waaringulum, or people of
the Waaring, as though they had found them located on
that river when they themselves first reached it.
It is worthy of a passing notice that the Bangerang lan-
guage has something in common with that of IMungalella
Creek, which, with its difference from the Ngooraialum
tongue, is shown in the following table : —
English.
Mungalella Creek.
Bangerang.
Ngooraialum.
Kangaroo
Mosquito
Hair -
Fire -
Poora -
Pootie -
Popa -
Boodee
Purra (red
kangaroo)
Betha -
Pokkau
Biitya -
Maram. ■
Kogok.
Kowing.
Wiin.
Smoke -
No - - -
Toga - - -
Yoorda or urda -
Thonga
Yoorta
Boort.
Thago.
I don't know
Wodthana -
Wunna
ludunga.
* Recollections of Squatting in Victoria : George Robertson, Melbourne,
Sydney, and Adelaide, 1883.
PREFATORY REMARKS. 569
From these circumstances and a general knowledge of
the ways of the race, I am led to conjecture that, as in the
case of the Darling tribes, the progenitors of the Bangerang
were a party of young men, who, finding themselves without
wives, absconded (possibly from Mungalella Creek) with some
of the young women whom the old men had monopolized.
That, in order to evade pursuit, the young people travelled
on over many a mile of unknown country until they reached
that expansion of the Murray called Moira, where they
located themselves, and where we found their descendants
living. That long (perhaps a century or two) after they had
settled in that locality and spread to the Goulburn, and
increased and broken up into several tribes, which spoke
distinct dialects, they were overtaken by the general wave
of population, which for ages had been evermore rolling
south across the whole width of the continent; that the
new comers, as they advanced, occupied the country on every
side of the Bangerang, hemmed them in, and peopled all the
lands they found untenanted, and at last completed the
occupation of the continent. Whilst this was in progress,
the Ngooraialum, who formed a portion of this wave of
population, I have no doubt, found, as I have said, already
located on the Lower Goulburn, which river they named
Waaring, a strange tribe, which they called Waanngulum,
or people of the Waaring.
The Bangerang language has many diminutives, as
naika = duck, naikidjiga = little duck; ckoonda = bird,
choondoonga = little bird; pokka = dog, pokkidjiga = little
dog or pup; inyanook = small, ingarnika = very small. The
Pikkolatpan used to speak of the Bangerang as the Yoorta or
No Blacks, but I never heard them use that term themselves.
A considerable portion of the Bangerang were pitted with
small-pox, some of them dreadfully so; and in 1843, or
thereabouts, I saw amongst them a child absolutely suffering
from that disease. One or two other children also, of not
more than ten years of age, bore its marks unmistakably.
Of the Bangerang tribes fifty or sixty persons are now all
570
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
that remain. The following Additional Bangerang Words
occur to me: —
Bird -
-
- choonda.
Little bird -
T
- choondoonga.
Teal
-
- naikidjiga.
The large diver
-
- moonilip.
,, small diver
-
■ takoma.
Parrot -
-
- tojinja, dekola.
Shag - -
-
- wongonga.
Quail -
-
- borinyer.
Spur-winged plover
- demilborinya.
Ibis
-
- paipadjerook.
Black cockatoo
-
- ngaring.
Scrub turkey
■
- lowan.
Pigeon -
-
- mongobara.
Emu feathers
-
- korawa.
Pup
-
- pokkldjiga.
Ring-tailed opossum
- piinjarama.
Mouse -
-
- naitchoonga.
Kangaroo-rat
-
- barrinuda.
Bandicoot
- thalwa.
Red kangaroo
-
- purra.
Flying squirrel
-
- piranga.
Native cat
- punmaitpa.
Water rat
-
- wowa.
Rat
.
• bareta.
Frog -
-
- tungoba.
An imaginary snake of vast toonatpan.
dimensions
Very small -
-
- ingarnika.
Fishing-net -
-
- baltyire.
Woman's bag
-
- mooka-mooka.
Yam-stick
- kunna.
Sorts of clubs
-
- wongoba, paringa.
Net worn round the forehead maranoolin or marangoolin.
Emu spear
- koyir.
Fishing-spear
-
- moola.
Shield used with clubs -
- malka.
»> j> ))
spears -
- monda.
Reed necklace
-
- jagoga.
Wooden spade
-
- punbora.
PREMTORt REMARKS.
571
Additional Woeds — cmitinued.
A hooked twig with which uudema.
grubs are extracted from
trees
Belt and strings worn by
be-e-lin.
girls, which , hang before
and behind
A twig used in opossum ji-ek-or-a.
hunting
Wooden water-trough -
ko-koma.
Back shell of tortoise -
Plate of bark
Horny substance on emu's
waichera.
breast
Delf plate of the Whites
String - - - -
- woothool-woothool.
Opossum-cloak
- blganga.
Blanket
- yallaneborong, yallanebora
Leg - - - -
- moonna.
Trousers
- moonnoopna.
Arm, wing, ana-branch of
a, borinya.
river
Shirt - - - -
- borinyoopna.
Tail ... -
- koogaija.
Feather - - - -
- tunno.
Nest . - - -
- manga.
Beak, mouth -
- woorro.
Man in general
- yeyir.
Woman in general -
- paiabia.
A little boy -
- maldiga.
A lad whose tooth has been kogomoolga.
knocked out
A lad of the same age whose wonga.
tooth is not to be knocked
out
Young woman - - - thathewa.
Son kooiga.
Girl yarka.
Uncle ----- karangoba.
Aunt baarpo.
A man's back - - - mookoona.
Back-bone . - - - panno.
572
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Additional Words — continued.
Wrist -
-
- kookoora, woonanga.
Ankle -
- yaanga.
Navel -
- kakaga.
Eyebrow
- mimithmgin.
Eyelash -
-
- woongo.
Finger -
-
- kertchera.
Face
- maan.
Moustache
-
- mondoorin.
Whisker
-
- yaring.
Neck -
-
- wanora.
Rib
-
- kaangoort.
Heart -
-
- tippa.
Jaw
-
- konga.
Shoulder
- katin.
Knee
■ -
- eoringa.
Liver
-
- potha.
Anus
- mootcha.
Lungs -
-
- mamille.
Long hair
-
- cherungunan pokkan.
Short hair
- thoolookan pokkan.
Curly hair
-
- main-mait-pan pokkan.
Grey hair
-
- taa-o-go-a pokkan.
Louse -
-
- moonna.
Flea -
- moonna pokka ; i.e., dog's louse.
Verbs.
Dive
- karoobok.
Swim
- yarribok.
Bathe -
- marribok.
Make -
- maa-maa.
Give
- i, ngooohiok.
Swallow-
- yaSya.
Fall
- taatin.
Strike -
- nginyuk.
Evacuate the bowels
- konyoobok.
Scratch -
-
- ohlnbok.
Carry
-
- looppa.
Cut
-
- thai-ir-i-ehuk.
Spit
- toopan.
Throw -
- yunga.
Dream -
-
- nuraite.
PREFATORY REMARKS. 573
Additional Words — contintied.
Bum ----- pai-ir.
Fight nginyelerak.
Stink tiginmoora.
Laugh ----- karibok.
Tie - - - kunne.
Peel baamoongooda.
Pinch - - - - pirra.
Jump r - - - yaarkobuk.
Blow (a fire) - - - - poornma.
Whistle lertchooma.
Miscellaneous Words.
What? minne?
Full wooroomaitoh.
Tall . - - . - ohiroongoona.
Coward ohi-i-moon-ook.
Mad kornairmooch.
Round ngarwidpa.
Sick itchyoomuch.
Red baathaiik, mormuch.
Black thaalunun.
White baatchaitpa.
New wortha.
Old morida, thama.
Angry kolyinun.
Wet waaloopka.
Blind ----- yurimgura.
Deaf ngamothermarmooch.
Lazy or tired - - - murralaStyamooch,
Taste ----- baawa.
Rainbow - - - - nairanorma.
Clouds ----- yooratha.
Tassels worn by the men before ngora.
and behind, suspended from
a belt
Footpath - - . - tana, tabora.
Moonlight - - - . yoorunguk.
Morning - . - - barperipna.
Shadow moolwa.
Pipe-clay . - - - tariJnga.
A rogue, bad . - - mattimna.
574
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Additional Words — continued.
Alie -
- aiapka.
Nonsense !
- yathapka!
Pain
' - yittya.
Hail -
- nginogan.
A grave -
- molwan.
Lagoon -
- baartha.
A crab-hole -
- kaka.
Waterhole
- kolpaga.
A plain -
- naitya.
A little plain
- naityiga.
The Murray River -
- tongala.
,, Goulburn River
- kaiela.
Magpie -
- ko-6rn-gain.
Codfish -
- boorinawa.
Perch -
- kongoopka.
Fish like a minnow
- jaawa.
Large tortoise
- baiadthera.
Small tortoise
- wadjeroSpna.
Shrimp -
- kandow.
Prawn -
- koonooga.
Mussel -
- rStyo.
Crayfish
- borpa.
Sand, sandhill
- maloga.
Land left uncovered after being thoniga.
flooded
Lightning
- tohiringawa.
To drive away rain by
means warchuka korkora
of a song
Mud
- moppan.
Cloud -
- yooratha.
Yam
- maSela.
Pine-tree
- ngamara.
Gum-tree
- beul.
Grub of gum-tree -
- beulaga.
Box-tree
- thaunya.
Manna -
- kaango.
Quondong
- malinyodo.
Flax -
- yamen.
Large fire at which a
party wooloombara.
cook together
Leaf
- wala.
PREFATORY REMARKS. 575
Additional Words — continued.
Branch ----- manooga.
Native cherry-tree - - bartja.
Reeds moogoo-ga.
House-fly - . - - wowiinya.
Sand-fly - - - - naanyoomaldyooga.
Blow-fly, maggots, matter - toortooUa.
Bull-dog ant - - - - ithitha.
Little black ant - - lelitha.
Yellow iguana - - - beljimja.
Black iguana - - - wawaith.
Long chirungana.
Short thooloopka.
Names of Men.
Yallebla.
Letupna.
Moolidgiga.
Kanipka.
Barromop.
Names or Women.
Narrungaming.
Undyarning.
Mardjiga.
Thore mellapurning.
Turtool.
Killbangaroo.
Wadjibialgrook.
Mirandola.
Kongobla.
Minniga.
Windyaming.
Borogoa.
Names of Boys.
Konebla.
Mootugoa.
Tungoba (frog).
Mouorumbe.
Barupna.
Waw-ra-na-ra-be.
Momogoa.
Monabbi.
576 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
Additios^al Wokds — continued.
Names of Plains.
Kaiooga,
Tetooga, called Tizziki Plain by the Whites.
Goolgaila.
Bunderi.
Wokkida.
Thathumnera.
Wai-oo-na (commonly spelt Wyuna).
Kotoopna.
Names op Ceeeks.
Baala = Broken Creek.
Dirra = teeth.
Kokoma = calabash.
Wolola.
Ti-i-a.
Bathlnbina.
Tongologa.
Phrases.
Where (are the) Blacks ? - wunnul enbena ?
(I have) not seen (them) - yoorta-t-naan.
(Affirmative) seen (them) - baanga-t-naan.
(I) don't know - - - wunna.
One man I seen - - - iawa yeyir ngata naan.
Give (me) opossum - - i punna or punna i.
Give (me) little water - - i inyanook wolla or woUa i inya-
nook.
Who (is that) person ? - - ngain nellea ?
(I) don't know - - - wunna.
(I) cannot see (him) - - katir naan.
(Do) you see woman that? - ngaarin winyara ?
* (She has a) pretty face - kalinya maan.
* Ugly (that) old woman (is) - mattimna kormooka.
Hungry you ? - - - moolanmook ngimia ?
Hungry the stomach (and) in- mooanmook ta booli, koonna.
testines
My opossum here ; that is, ngi punna ondeyia.
here is an opossum for you
Look ! mirra !
* There is only one word to express good and pretty, and another to express uffly and bad.
PREFATORY REMARKS.
577
Additional Wobds — continued.
Look here ! -
Mr. Richard -
Look here, Mr. Richard
Bellyful
Desire water (I arrt thirsty)
Sick I ! -
How you sick ?
Sick the belly
Big you eat - - - -
Let us sleep - - - -
Coine (and) bathe -
Make haste! (let us) bathe
(I can) not swim -
Nonsense ! - . . .
Shut mouth (hold your tongue)
Make haste - - - .
Let us go
Be off! go! -
Dear you . . . .
Come here . . . .
Where (is) Yallebla? -
Up there (I) think Moira, or
I think he's gone to Moira
What for go Moira, or Why
did he go to Moira ?
To fish - - - -
Horse that one belongs to him,
or that horse belongs to him
(Is) Colbinabbin far off ?
Near (is) Worparilla
Let us go to Worparilla
Give (me a) little manna
Quick ! take (some)
Kangaroo (is) bad -
Good or the best (is) emu
Where is my woman, i.e. , wife ?
(She is) asleep (in the) camp -
(She is) sitting (in the) camp
Make haste! come on, let us
walk
There (are) two kangaroos
VOL. III. 2
mirramna !
Mitta Itchen.
miramna, Mitta Itchenna.
powganowmook.
thanyanuk wolla.
ityoomuch nga !
minne ngan ityoomuch ?
ityoomuch ta booli.
tungooja ngia thuna.
nanyoobok.
yakorinja marribok.
kakaiarro ! marribok.
yoorta yarrowin.
yathapka !
nappa woorroo.
purri or pir.
yarrabong.
proma! promganja!
thoma ngeni.
yakkorma, kabai.
Yallebla wunnul ?
nelangaia imbat Moira.
minyanook yanna Moira?
munyooganyoonook.
karakatemook nellea nellanya.
KoUbinabbin boor ?
kiranjamik Worparilla.
annubok Worparilla.
i inyanook kaango.
purri ! mumma.
mattimna kai-i-mer.
kalinya pikkeroomdja.
wunnul ngeni wiinya?
nanyoobok maanoo.
karno maanoo.
purri ! kakaiarro, anyoobok.
nelangaia boltubol kaiimer.
O
578 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Additional Words — continued.
Which one will you take or womogin ngiamommon?
seize?
Large, that one, I, or I will tungooja tungaia ngata.
have that large one
Who speared (them)? - - nganog baatim?
That (man I) believe speared talkoobaia yimbat baatim.
(them)
To-day speared (I) believe - Immilang baatim imbat.
Yesterday (I) believe (he) irukbiruji imbat baatim,
speared (them)
Lend now me reed-spear, I tomak kara ngata kama baatima
will spear two boltubol.
Be off ! not I will lend - - proma ! yoortachin ngata tomoon.
Always I lend (to) you - - moorangoorang ngata tomoon ngoo-
nook.
(Do) you know (the) road Port ngia koon tabora Portpillipook ?
Phillip to?
Pretty face that woman (has) kalinya maan {or menn) wiinyarin.
Wiinya = woman.
Wiinyarin = that woman.
Sore (is) my hand - - - ityoomuch ngeni beyin.
He speared my back - - baatin ngeni mookoona.
You hit (him with a) wongoba ngia natto wongobal.
I see one emu - - - ngata naan iawa pikkeroomdja.
Not one, (but) three - - yoorta iawa, boltubol ioong.
There ! see ! - - - - oonya ! nao !
Hush ! - - - - - koquil !
Don't speak . - . - yoorta lo-it-pa.
Shut your mouth - - - nappa wooroo.
I will spear (him) directly - ngata baathima tinyoowinya.
I thint he is fat. Literally, kalinya imbat woUikthia.
Good believe fat
I believe he is thin or bad. mattabe imbat nel-le-ya.
Literally, Bad believe that
one
I will eat (him) presently - ngata thaitchek tinyoowinya.
You (hit) that one with (your) ngia nelleya wongobal.
wongoba
How fat (he is) ! - - bandola wollikthia !
Come on, let us eat - - kakkaiarro thaiohimia.
Haste, (I) want fire - - pir ! {or onge !) thanuk biitya.
PREFATORY REMARKS. 579
AdditionaIi Words — continued.
Stand back, you will break proma ! pullo nelle kama.
my reed-spear. Ht., Go !
break this reed-spear
Hallo ! (here is a) tomahawk - te ! ana.
Whose (is it)? - - - ithal?
Mine ngieni.
Grass barpan.
To search for grass - - barpanyanook.
A minnow - - - - jawa.
To fish for minnows - - jawanyanook.
Pood mtindiga.
To search for food or hunt mundiganyanook.
or fish for food
Firewood .... biitchao.
To look for or get firewood biityanyoonook.
Opossum .... puima.
To hunt opossums - - punyanyunook.
Grub - - . - . bealaga.
To look for grubs - - - bealanyanook.
A Black .... enben^.
To go on the war-path - - enbenanyanook.
Song.
Ngoe immilang kai-i-mer,
Yoorta yanha yooringa,
Wanama wai panama,
Yoorta purra woUikthia.
Translation.
Yea, to-day (we will have) kangaroo,
Not go sun (or before sundown).
Not red kangaroo fat.
Angey Exclamations.
Kotoopna molwa ! - - - The graves of Kotoopna !
Moneroopna moocha ! - - Thunder in (your) anus !
Yakkai ! - - - . An exclamation of pain or sorrow.
Kai-kai ! - . . . An exclamation of surprise.
So much for the language'of theBangerang trihes proper.
Turning to the Pikkolatpan, its vocabulary was obtained
from one of the tribe. Whilst many of its words are pure
2 0 2
580 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Bangerang, it will be noticed that the equivalents of the
Blacks, Blackfeltow, Black woman, and no are not amongst
them. It has been remarked before that when a section of
a tribe broke off from the parent stem and became indepen-
dent, an alteration of one or all of the above words generally
took place.
The Toolinyagan vocabulary has many Bangerang words.
The name by which the Murray River is known to this tribe
is Kaiela, which the reader is aware is applied by several
Bangerang tribes to the Goulburn, their name for the Murray
being Tongala. It is noticeable that this vocabulary con-
tains two instances of words being changed to meet the
custom of not naming the dead. Thus kangaroo used to be
kaiimer, as in Bangerang, until a woman of that name died,
and opossunv-rug used to be pinga, but a man called Pinga
died, and the word was changed to koonya-miinya.
The following are a few Additional Toolinyagan "Words: —
Kangaroo-rat - - - ngarringarra.
Mouse bartha.
Water rat . - - . wollithola.
Woman's net-bag - - - murra.
Net worn on forehead - - murrungilling.
Fishing-net - - - - woolwyra.
Manna ----- kaango.
Opossum-cloak - - - koonya-wiinya.
Husband - . _ . yeyir.
Blow-fly - . - . thongera.
Big ant ----- kagija.
Codfish booringawa.
Perch' markoon, theika.
Hole in the ground - - mithitha.
A sore ----- koot-tha.
Speaking of an elder brother - baanyoobin.
,', to an elder brother - baanyooba.
Come swim (in the) water - kabbai marribok wolla.
Don't talk - - - - yoorta loitpa.
You lie ngeni andaik.
Where is my wife ? - - wunul ngieni wiinya ?
(I have) n6t seen (her) - - yoortat naan.
(She has) run away - - yammin.
Arm borinya.
Mussel yanga.
PREFATORY REMARKS. 581
In the Ngarrimowro language it is remarkable that the
substantive Bawo = Blackfellow has a dual, Bawool, and a
plural, Ba-wal, as a very intelligent Black woman from
whom I got my vocabulary was at pains to inform me.
About twenty-five years ago the equivalent of kangaroo was
Poonminmir, which name a girl also bore. The girl died,
and wardakow became the term for kangaroo, as the name
of the dead could not be uttered for many years, in accord-
ance with a custom which seems to be universal in Australia.
In like manner the tribe used to say Bakka wirra = tobacco
give; but a boy called Bakka having died, the phrase was
altered to thong a wirra = smoke give. The word marrai =
woman becomes in the plural maani/oomein. Some of the
neighbouring tribes call the Ngarrimowro the Yabbala = No
Blacks. This people called the Murray Kaiela, and, though
they knew of the existence of the Goulburn, had no name
for it. On pressing my informant on the subject, I learnt
that, if she had to speak of it, she should call it Kaiela,
pointing in its direction with her nose, so as to distinguish it
from the Murray. Men generally point with the beard,
women with the nose. The following Additional Words are
Ngarrimowro: —
A cloud yoorathek.
Lightning - - - - chiringawik.
Many women - - - - karoik maanyoomain.
Codfishi ----- booroonoo.
Perch ----- boongooma.
Manna kanog.
To swim marreohang.
Gum-tree ... - tuUo.
Box-tree bulloit.
Diver (a bird) - - - - dai-e-Iel.
A boy moolan.
Arm borein.
Murray River - - - Kaiyel or Kaiela.
To-morrow I will go - - burriburri ngai-ir yanne.
Give me some fish (fish give) - munni wirra.
I am hungry . - - - moolinmi ngai-ir.
Hungry you? - - - - moolinmi nginya ?
Opossum is bad - - - matthir toompool.
582
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Additional Woilds— continued.
Emu is good -
Don't talk
Hush ! - - -
Many Black (will) come
morrow
When (will) you go?
To-morrow I (will) go
Come and fish
Where are you going? -
Where is my wife? -
Not I see (her)
- kalein godaiami.
- yabbala loitpa.
- ko-ka!
to- karoik barwal yanne purri burri.
- wamuk nginya yanne?
- purriburri ngailr yanne.
- yennera munnika.
- wunnul yanne?
- wunnul ngeni marrai?
- yabbale ngata nakal.
No. 214a.— NEAR THE JUNCTION OP THE MURRAY AND
GOULBURN.— THE BANGERANG TRIBES PROPER.
By the
Wbiter.
Kangaroo -
ka3-i-mer.
Hand -
- be-yin.
Opossum
pun-na.
2 Blacks -
- bol-tu-bol-yeyir.
Tame dog -
pok-ka.
3 Blacks -
- bol-tu-bol i-oong
Wild dog -
w6k-id-da.
yeyir.
Emu - - -
pikk-er-oom-dja.
One -
- iawa, loong.
Black duck -
nai-ka.
Two -
- bol-tu-bol.
Wood duck-
ung-a-wa.
Three -
- bol-tu-bol i-oong.
Pelican
ka-tin.
Laughing jackass
wig-il-5p-ka.
Pour -
- bol-tu-bol bol-tu-
bol.
- ka5-a.
Native companion koo-noo-goo-
thoo-la.
Father
White cockatoo -
jar-ing.
Mother
- kam-a.
Crow -
wok-ka.
Sister-Elder
- gid-git-ka.
Swan -
maal-ya.
„ Younger
- tha-jip.
Egg - - -
poo-jang-a.
Brother-Elder
- baanyooba.
Track of a foot -
moo-goo-jin-na.
„ Younger tha-ju-ba.
Fish - - -
mund-ji.
A young man
- pan-noop-ka.
Lobster
An old man
- thow-mung-a.
Crayfish -
bi3r-pa.
An old woman
- kor-moo-ka.
Mosquito -
be-tha.
A baby
- ko-toop-ka.
Fly -
wo-wlin-ya.
A White man
- moo-la-wa.
Snake -
go-na.
Children -
- yar-ka, yar-kid-
The Blacks -
en-ben-na.
ji-ga.
A Blackf ellow -
en-ben-na.
Head -
- po-ko.
A Black woman
wlin-ya.
Eye -
- me-ul.
Nose -
kowo.
Ear -.
- mar-moo.
JUNCTION OF THE MURRAY AND GOULBURN.
583
No.
214 a. — Near the Junction of the Murray and Goulburn —
continv^d.
Mouth - - woor-roo.
Teeth - - - dir-ra.
Hair of the head - pok-kan.
Beard -
- yaar-ing.
Thunder -
- mon-er-a.
Grass -
- bar-pan.
Tongue
- thai-ling.
Stomach
- bool-i.
Breasts
- ba3-ir.
Thigh -
- moon-na.
Foot -
- chin-na.
Bone -
- lil-di-ma.
Blood -
- maw-wa.
Skin -
- wo-waid-ja.
Fat -
- woU-ik-thi-a.
Bowels
- koon-na.
Excrement -
- koon-na.
War-spear -
- jek-kor-a.
Reed-spear -
- ka-ma.
Throwing-stick
- yool-wa.
Shield -
- mal-ka.
Tomahawk -
- a-na.
Canoe -
- mat-tha.
Sun - - '
- yoor-ing-a.
Moon -
- yo6r-e.
Star -
- toor-ta.
Light -
- moo-la-wa.
Dark -
- thal-la, moo-lok-
moo-lok.
Cold -
- ma-tig-i-wik.
Heat -
- ti-check.
Day -
- kan-an-goor-a.
Night -
- thalla, moolok-
moolok.
Fire -
- biit-ya.
Water
- wol-la.
Smoke
- thong-a
Ground
- wok-ka.
Wind-
- baang-a.
Rain -
- koo-kor-a.
God -
-
Ghosts
- pek-ka.
Boomerang -
wun-ya.
Hill -
yool-la.
Wood -
biit-cha-o.
Stone -
e-or-ga.
Camp -
niaan-oo.
Yes -
ngo-e.
No -
yoor-ta.
I
nge-ni, nga-ta.
You -
nga, ngia.
Bark -
yal-ma.
Good -
kaal-in-ya.
Bad -
- mat-tim-na.
Sweet -
- kaal-in-ya.
Food -
- mun-di-ga.
Hungry
- moo-lan-mook.
Thirsty
- thaan-ga.
Eat -
- thai-chim-i-a.
Sleep -
- naan-yoo-bok.
Drink -
- tha-goo-na.
Walk -
- yan-yoo-bok.
See -
- naSt-chook, naan
Sit
- kar-choo-bok.
Yesterday -
- iruk-biruk.
To-day
- immil-ang.
To-morrow -
- bar-per-ik.
Where are the
wunnul enbena?
Blacks?
I don't know
- wun-ua.
Plenty
- otan.
Big -
- tuu-goo-ja.
Little -
- in-ya-nook.
Dead -
- ko-koo-in.
By-and-by -
-
Come on
- ya-kor-ma, ka-ko
Milk -
- ngoonoo-in.
Eaglehawk -
- won-mir.
Wild turkey
- kor-mi-me-bla.
Wife -
- nge-ni wiin-ya.
584
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 214b.— TOCUMWALL, ON THE MURRAY.— THE
PIKKOLATPAN TRIBE.
By the
Wbitbb.
Kangaroo -
wortogoa.
Hand -
- bium.
Opossum -
baitya.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
pokka.
3 Blacks -
.
Wild dog -
One -
- iawa.
Emu -
pikkeroomdja.
Two -
- balabqol.
Black duck -
Wood duck
Three -
- balabool ia.
Pelican
Pour ■
- balabool bala
Laughing jackass
bool.
Native companion
Father
- bapo.
White cockatoo -
jarim.
Mother
- napo.
Crow -
wokkir.
Sister-Elder
- thaigip.
Swan -
„ Younger
- baanyooip.
Egg -
Brother-Elder
-
Track of a foot -
„ Younger
Pish -
mani.
A young man
.
Lobster
An old man
.
Crayfish
An old woman
Mosquito -
Ply -
A baby
-
Snake -
A White man
-
The Blacks -
beowka.
Children -
-
A Blaokfellow -
beowkal.
Head -
-
A Black woman -
momidgiga.
Bye -
- ma.
Nose
kowo.
Bar -
- marmoo.
TOCUMWALL, ON THE MURRAY.
585
No. 214b. — TocuMWALL. — The Pikkolaipak Tribe — continued.
Mouth
- woorro.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- dirran.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
Wood
Beard -
-
Stone -
- eorga.
Thunder -
- murnera.
Camp -
-
Grass -
- barpan.
Yes -
- ngoe.
Tongue
No -
- yalliba.
Stomach
- botha.
Breasts
I
- nga, my, ngeni.
Thigh- -
You -
- ngena.
Foot -
- mogoohinna.
Bark -
- yalma.
Bone -
Good - -
-
Blood -
Bad -
-
Skin - -
_
Sweet -
-
Fat -
_
Food -
-
Bowels
-
Hungry
-
Excrement -
-
Thirsty
-
War-spear -
- koyir.
Eat -
- maichimiak.
Reed-spear -
- kama.
Sleep -
- nanyoobok.
Throwiag-stiok
-
Drink -
- bogiak.
Shield
- marka.
Walk -
- yanyoobok.
Tomahawk -
- ngana.
See -
-
Canoe
-
Sit •■
-
Sun -
- yooringa.
Yesterday -
- bigauga.
Moon -
- yoore.
To-day
Star -
- toorta.
To-morrow -
-
Light -
-
Dark -
-
Where are
Blacks?
the wunul beowka ?
Cold -
-
Heat -
-
I don't know
-
Day -
- kanenorga.
Plenty
-
Night -
.- thalla.
Big - -
-
Fire -
- biitya.
Little -
-
Water
- thethowganna.
Dead -
-
Smoke
-
By-and-by -
-
Ground
-
Come on -
- kakaiyarro.
Wind -
Milk -
-
Rain ■
- korkora.
Eaglehawk -
-
God - -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
-
Wife
-
586
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 214c.— ULUPNA.— THE TOOLINYAGAN TRIBE,
By the Wkitee.
Kangaroo -
tamjutooopna.
Hand -
_
Opossum -
baitya.
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
pokka.
3 Blacks -
-
Wild dog -
wokkida.
One -
- iawa.
Emu -
Two -
- boltubol.
Black duck -
Three -
- boltubol ioong
Wood duck-
Four -
- boltubol-
Pelican
boltubol.
Laughing jackass
Father
- bapo.
Native companion
White cockatoo
Mother
- napo.
Crow -
Sister-Elder
- thaigip.
Swan -
,, Younger
- poo-gika.
Egg -
Brother-Elder
- baanyooba.
Track of a foot
,, Younger banyip. '
Fish -
A young man
Lobster
- borpa.
An old man
- towmunga.
Crayfish
An old woman
- kormooka.
Mosquito -
-
A baby
- kotoopna.
Fly -
- wowiinya.
A White man
Snake - ■ -
- takinjoa, gona.
The Blacks -
- yenbena.
Children -
A BlackfeUow
- yeyir.
Head -
- poko.
A Black woman
- paiabia or wiiny a.
Eye -
- meul.
Nose -
- kowo.
Ear -
ULUPNA.
887
No. 214c.
— Ulupna. — The Toolintagan Tribe — continued.
Mouth
- wooroo.
Boomerang -
- kooronga.
Teeth -
- dirran.
Hill -
-
Hair Of the heac
-
Wood -
- biityao.
Beard -
_
Thunder
- monera.
Stone -
- iorga.
Grass -
- barpa.
Camp -
- mana.
Tongue
-
Yes -
- ngoe.
Stomach
- booU.
No -
- yoorta.
Breasts
- bai-ir.
I
- ngeni.
Thigh -
- towo.
You -
- nginna.
Foot -
- mogoginna.
Bark -
-
Bone -
_
Good -
- kaalinya.
Blood -
- maw-wa.
Bad -
- mattimna.
Skin -
_
Sweet -
- thunathaich.
Fat -
- wolikthia.
Food - -1
-
Bowels
- bartoogoona.
Hungry
-
Excrement -
- koonna.
Thirsty
-
War-spear -
- wnnnuga.
Eat -
-
Reed-spear -
- kama.
Sleep -
- nanyoobok.
Throwing-stick
- yoolwa.
Drink -
Shield -
-
Walk -
- yanyoobok.
Tomahawk -
- ngana.
See -
-
Canoe -
- matta.
Sit -
- kartyoobok.
Sun -
- yooringa.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- yooruigeja.
To-day
- kanangor.
Star -
- toorta.
To-morrow -
- parparik.
Light - -
-
Where are
;he wunul yenbena ?
Dark -
-
Blacks ?
Cold -
-
I don't know
- ai yoort-at naan.
Heat -
-
Plenty
- ngotan.
Day -
-
Big - -
_
Night -
-
Little -
Fire -
- biitya.
Dead -
- kokooin.
Water
- woUa.
Smoke
_
By-and-by -
-
Ground
~ wokka.
Come on . -
- kabai.
Wind -
-
Milk -
-
Rain -
- korkora.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts ,
-
Wife -
- ngieni wiinya.
588
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No. 214d.— NEAR YnLIMA, ON BOTH SIDES OP THE RIVER
MURRAY— THE NGARRIMOWRO TRIBE.
By the
Wkitek.
Kangaroo -
wardakow.
Hand -
pirik.
Opossum
toompool, korak.
2 Blacks -
platir bawool.
Tame dog -
karnow, kamao.
3 Blacks -
platir warrangen
Wild dog -
bawal.
Emu -
godaiami.
One - -
warrangen.
Black duck
wangirl.
Two - - -
platir.
Wood duck
Pelican
garikart.
Three -
platir warrangen.
Laughing jackass
Pour -
platir-platir.
Native companion tarwirri.
Pather
bingalam.
White cockatoo -
karang.
Mother
nga-ga-lam.
Crow -
wokka.
Sister-Elder
ngaigerem.
Swan -
malai.
,, Younger
thatham.
Egg - - -
Brother-Elder
wawom,
Track of a foot -
,, Younger
Pish -
munni.
A young man
Lobster
An old man-
Crayfish -
An old woman
Mosquito -
burroit.
Ply -
Snake -
A baby
kothopook.
komo, littagow.
A White man
The Blacks -
bawal.
Children -
ngolwaiohik.
A Blackfellow
warrangenbawo.
Head -
A Black woman -
marrai.
Eye -
ma, mawo.
Nose -■
kowo.
Bar -
maram.
NEAR YIILIMA, ON BOTH SIDES OP MURRAY.
589
No. 214:D. — ^NeAB YlIIilMA, ON BOTH SIDES OF THE RiVEK MUEKAY. —
The Ngaeeimowbo Tribe — continiied.
Mouth
- worro.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- tarrawil, taiTe-
Hill - -
- woluntha.
woli.
Wood-
- worogolik, kalo
Hair of the head
-
weik.
Beard -
Thunder -
- moolgoorook,
binyakum.
Stone -
Camp -
- moppo.
Grass
- belart.
Yes -
- ngoe.
Tongue
- thalla.
'No - -
- yabbala.
Stomaeh
- botha, pondtho.
I
- ngai-in.
Breasts
-
You -
•■ ngenya.
Thigh
-
Bark -
- yalam.
Foot -
- chinna, mogo-
Good -
- kalein.
chinna.
Bad -
- matthir.
Bone -
-
Sweet -
_
Blood -
-
Food -
Skin -
Fat -
Hungry
- moolinmi.
Bowels
-
Thirsty
-
Excrement -
- koonna.
Eat -
- thaikia.
War-spear -
- marreoo.
Sleep -
- pirtilong.
Reed-spear -
- thorongal.
Drink -
- kongaiang.
Throwing-stick
Shield-
- palart.
Walk- -
See
- nganyera.
- nakal.
Tomahawk -
- nagaiak.
Sit -
J-4 U/4J1U/X ■
Canoe -
- bootjo.
"
Sun -
- worgo.
Yesterday -
-
Moon -
- yoori.
To-day
-
Star -
- toorto
To-morrow -
- purriburri.
Light -
_
Where are the wunul bawal ?
Dark -
_
Blacks?
Cold -
■ poleki.
I don't know
- yabbal ngata
Heat -
- dikarti, dekki.
nakal.
Day -
- karnawak.
Plenty
- karoik.
Night -
- yenoit.
Big -
-
Fire -
- kalao.
Little -
-
Water
- banna.
Dead -
- notharun.
Smoke
- thonga.
By-and-by -
-
Ground
- wokka.
Come on
- kako.
Wind-
_
Milk - -
-
Rain -
- karokor.
Eaglehawk -
- ngarta.
God -
-
Wild turkey
- oherakal.
Ghosts
-
Wife -
- marrai.
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX A.
THE TASMANIANS.
In the short reference which I am ahont to make to the
manners and customs of the Tasmanian race, I have taken
as my authority a little work by the late J. E. Calder, en-
titled, Some Account of the Wars, Extirpation, Habits, fc, of
the Native Tribes of Tasmania. To Mr. Calder, whose kind-
ness in supplying me with information on the subject was
indefatigable, I am also indebted for a good deal of additional
matter. Concerning the sources of his knowledge, in a letter
to Colonel St. Hill, Private Secretary to His Excellency Sir
Frederic A. Weld, Governor of Tasmania, through whose
hands the beginning of our correspondence passed, Mr.
Calder says : — " Some of this intelligence, I beg to say, I
have collected orally, in the long series of years I have re-
sided here ; partly from persons who of all others had the
most to do with the capture and removal of our natives from
the main land (G. A. Eobinson and Alexander McKay) ; and
the rest from a very diligent study of the only authentic
records extant, in which the history of this people, as far as
it can ever be known to us, is contained ; viz. : — The many
voluminous manuscript reports that are preserved in the
office of the Colonial Secretary, of which there are about
nineteen. This great mass of evidence, I think I may ven-
ture to affirm, no one has ever gone completely through
except myself, who have toiled patiently through it thrice,
to master the subject perfectly. Having at
all times during the last fifty years taken great interest in
the race of men whom we have displaced, I have been further
induced to get together into one massive vocabulary all the
words (about 1,500) I could trace out of the languages or
dialects once spoken by the original tribes of this country.
This vocabulary — the completion of which cost me more
labor than I care to boast of — I deposited in the Museum
of the Eoyal Society, where I suppose it still is."
VOL. III. z p
594 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
With respect to the languages of Tasmania, of which there
seem to have been at least six or eight (the many points of
agreement in which show them to be variations of one original
tongue), the best authority is, I think, the vocabulary of the
late Dr. Joseph Milligan, F.L.S., who was for some years
Medical Superintendent of the Aboriginal Establishments,
first at Flinders Island, and afterwards at Oyster Cove. This
gentleman I knew formerly intimately, and think it weU to
point out that he was unacquainted with any language but
English, and so not well fitted for his task. Also the reader
will notice that his ,mode of spelling is a very haphazard
one. Besides, several incorrectnesses are noticeable in his
pages. For instance, the translations of the numerals 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, in his Vocabulary, do not agree with those which
appear in his "Short sentences in the native languages."
Nevertheless, Milligan was a, very painstaking man and very
happily situated for carrying out the work.
On the other hand, Jorgen Jorgenson, ex-King of Iceland,
whose vocabulary is also given (and who, by-the-by, I remem-
ber as an assigned clerk to my father in Hobartown), was a
man of intellect and a linguist of considerable attainments,
but lacked the opportunities enjoyed by Milligan. In addi-
tion to the above, six other vocabularies forwarded to me by
the late Mr. Oalder, two of which are new to the public, are
inserted.
Of the history of the Tasmanian people little is known,
and it will be enough for my purpose to say that our first
settlement in their island took place in 1803. Their number
at that date cannot be given, even approximately. By some
writers it has been set down at 7,000 and upwards, and by
Milligan as not exceeding 2,000, which last estimate is
probably nearer the truth. Whatever were their aggregate
numbers, however, the natives we know were divided into
about twenty tribes, which occupied amongst them the whole
island, most parts of which were occasionally visited. At
the outset of our colonization, the natives were found to be
a very friendly people; but owing to the outrages and murders
of the early settlers, they betook themselves, after a time,
THE TASMAJSriANS. 595
to their forests, resolutely declined all farther intercourse
with the Whites, and commenced a hush war of surprises
and massacres, which was carried on by both sides with
unmitigated ferocity. In this struggle, Mr. Calder is of
opinion that a great many more Whites fell than Blacks.
In the meantime, the latter, who in their native state, went,
the men entirely and the women almost naked, had become
accustomed to the use of blankets, in which they often slept
when soaked with rain, and at other times discarded alto-
gether, according to the whim of the moment. The result
of this was an epidemic of lung diseases, which, within half
a century, brought about the total extinction of the race. A
cordon of 3,000 armed men having been drawn across a
portion of the island, with a view to hemming in and
capturing the tribes in those parts, and various other
measures having been had recourse to for their capture or de-
struction, with equal ill success, the late George Augustus
Eobinson was authorized by the Governor to go with a small
party, consisting chiefly of semi-civilized natives, amongst
the remnants of the tribes, and induce them, if he could, to
give themselves up. This at length he succeeded in accom-
plishing, and brought into Hobartown, the capital of the
island, by instalments, all except four, who remained at large;
that is about 250* persons, who were taken to Flinders Island,
where almost all of them died of lung complaints within a
few years. The last survivor of the race was Trugannini,
who had been, in Kobinson's hands, the chief instrument in
the capture of her country people. She died in 1876, having
reached the age of about sixty-four years. The following
names of some of the Tasmanian tribes have been handed
down to us. The Ninnee, who dwelt about Port Davey ; the
Tackine, whose country was near Sandy Cape ; and on the
south coast the Mo-le-oke-er-dee, the Nue-no7ir-i-e, the Tur-
rer-M-gv^ov^ne, the Pan-ger-mo-ig-ke, and the Nee-l-wovr-ne.
Though several writers have adverted in a passing way
to the descent of the now extinct native race of Tasmania,
I am not aware that any one has gone into the details of
the subject. As the only question in connection with that
596
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
people wHcli comes witHn tlie scope of this work is,
whether they were descended from the Australians or vice
versA, I shall in great measure restrict what I have to say
concerning them to that point. As usual, the evidence set
before the reader will be gathered from custom, language,
and physical characteristics.
Beginning then, with customs, we find the following
common to Tasmanians and Australians, viz.: — The manu-
facture of baskets; making drawings of living objects with
charcoal on smooth surfaces; smearing the person with
grease, ochre, and charcoal; placing corpses in hollow trees
after binding their arms and legs firmly to the body; and
scarring the skin on arrival at puberty for the purpose of
ornament. With the Tasmanians, however, this last practice
was restricted to the males. Further, both races climbed trees
by means of notches cut in the bark ; abstained from speak-
ing of the dead; and required the offender against certain
customs to stand to have spears thrown at him, which
(shields being unknown in Tasmania) he avoided as best he
could by contortions of the body, without quitting the spot on
which he had taken up his position. As in Australia, also,
feuds were hereditary ; freemasonry was unknown ; Albinos
were not found; and no government of any sort existed.
Turning to language (in connection with which Milligan's
vocabulary is generally referred to when no other is specially
named), we find the following points of agreement between
Tasmanian and Australian speech, which I have supplemented
with corresponding terms from the Negro languages of Africa,
as a subject of remark, further on : —
English.
Tasmanian.
Australian.
Atrloan.
You
Neena
.
Neena -
Nyn.
Fire
Winalea -
-
Wiin -
Wun.
Bar
Mungenna
-
Muuga -
Smoke -
Boorana -
-
Booyoo -
Buruzos.
Two
/ Boula (Jorgenaou)
1 Bura (Lhotsky)
}
Boola -
Buol.
Tongue -
TuUana ( Jorgenson)
Tailing -
Talam.
Nose
Moonar (Norman) -
■
Moolya -
Mola.
THE TASMANIAl^S. 597
Again, in the three sets of languages there is an absence
of any coilective word for brother, but distinct words for elder
brother and younger brother. Also in Tasmania and Aus-
tralia we find night and darkness related ; likewise bowels
and excrement; but in neither of these cases do the words in
use in the two countries display any glossarial affinity.
It has been shown in the first volume that the words
arm and bibi, both a little varied, prevail in Australia and
in Africa, signifying, in different languages, woman, mother,
breasts, milk, water, and rain, and having at the present day
in some of the languages of both continents two or three of
the above significations.
In Tasmania we meet with practically the same pecu-
liarity, though the root which goes through the variations is
not either of those found in the two continents, as follows: —
Young woman - - - loalla puggana.
Teat ----- pruggana.
Breasts . . - - parugganna.
Milk ----- prooganeannah.
E.ain ----- pogana.
Such are the points of agreement in customs and lan-
guage between the Australian and Tasmanian races, so far
as the evidence on hand goes. It has, however, been shown,
in the chapter which treats of the origin of the Australian
race, that most of these customs and the whole of these
linguistic peculiarities prevail also in Negro Africa at the
present day; and hence it follows that there is in reality
nothing in evidence, so far, to affiliate the Tasmanian to the
Australian rather than to the Negro. For if there be a few
savage customs common to Australians and Tasmanians
which do not exist in Africa — such, for instance, as climbing
trees by means of notches — the circumstance will not carry
much weight when it is recollected that the Negro has in
all likelihood, probably as the result of contact with more
civilized peoples, given up some customs which prevailed at
the epoch at which the forefathers of the Australians may
be supposed to have left the shores of the " dark continent."
There exists, however, on the other hand, a good deal of
evidence which leads to the conclusion that the Tasmanian
598 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
must be traced direct to the Negro without the intervention
of the Australian. For instance, a number of remarkable
Australian characteristics not found in Africa were all absent
from Tasmania. Thus the corroboree, the boomerang, the
wommera certainly, and the message-stick as far as known,
did not exist there. Again, Calder notices that the Tasma-
nians never eat scaled fish, which all Australians did ; and
in Livingstone's Last Journals, vol. 1, p. 308, we find the
Banyamwesi, on the east side of Tanganyika, practising the
same abstinence. Though not bearing on this point, it may
be noticed that many things common to the Australian and
Negro were not met with in Tasmania, such as piercing the
septum of the nose, knocking out teeth, barbing spears, the
use of shields, canoes, fishing nets and hooks, and of the
tomahawk. Further, the Tasmanian neither skinned nor
disembowled animals before cooking, but laid them whole on
the fire. Ovens also were not used by him, neither did he
carve or paint his weapons ; fire was not made by friction of
wood, or cannibalism or circumcision practised. If polyg-
amy existed at all, it was very unusual in the island.
Finally, the Tasmanian decorated his head with flowers, a
custom, I believe, unknown in Australia.
The differences id the languages of the two peoples are
at least as remarkable as those of custom. Before particu-
larizing them, it may be repeated that the number of lan-
guages which existed in Tasmania is not known, but that
there were several is certain, and also that they were all off-
shoots of one original tongue. Now, it is to be noticed that
in Australia we have, as shown in Chapter I., many words
which extend, with slight variations, to from fifty to ninety
per cent, of our languages, and from one end of the continent
to the other. The same feature also appears in Tasmania;
but the remarkable point is that in no instance does the word
common in the island agree with the one prevalent in the
continent when absent from the Negro languages. I will
give a few instances. In Australia we have thinna, jinna,
or chinna =foot, in nineteen-twentieths of the languages. In
the Tasmanian languages we have also in the same sense
THE TASMANIANS. 599
words from a common but distinct root, as luggaim, lug,
langoon, lagarra, langoonar, langana, as the reader will
see in the several vocabularies which follow. Again, one of
the most widely-spread words in Australia is koonna, koodna,
&c., = excrement. In Tasmania, in the same sense, we have
tiamena, tiannah, tiena, tyaner, and teethaner. Again, in
Australia, ma, marra, murra = hand, appear in four-fifths
of the languages; but in Tasmania we have riena, reemutta,
rabalga, rilia, ragurner, &c. (Roberts) reena =^ fingers, and
reenatta = thumb. Milligan also mentions the sounds
lock as used in Scotland and the French u as preva-
lent in Tasmania, which certainly do not occur in this
continent. We also know that the peculiar Australian
system of counting did not prevail in Tasmania. Now, as
we found the Tasmanians divided into about twenty tribes,
between which, for the most part, communication was diffi-
cult and ill kept up, it is to be assumed that those of their
words which are general or agree in root belong to the lan-
guage which the first comers to the island brought with them,
rather than that tongues which for the purpose of conversa-
tion had become distinct had varied from the parent speech
with uniformity.
In view of these facts, the only conclusion to be arrived
at is, that the language which the Tasmanians brought with
them to their island was not that which reached Australia.
Mr. R. H, Davies, referred to by Mr. R. Brough Smyth in
his Aborigines of Victoria, vol. 1, p. Ixx, has given it as
his opinion that the Tasmanians originally came from the
continent, and part of them from Cape' Leeuwin, grounding
his assertions on their agreement in habits and weapons and
on the equivalents of the word mater. With habits I have
already dealt, and, I think, shown that the evidence to be
derived from them is of a contrary tendency. As regards
weapons, it would be difficult to say how many kinds exist
in Australia; but we may enumerate spears, plain and also
barbed in various ways, some thrown by hand, and others
with the wommera; clubs of many patterns, some used with
600 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
one and others witli both hands ; boomerangs, shields of
two distinct sorts and many patterns ; wooden swords,
double and single handed; also fishing spears of various
sorts ; and the tomahawk and the chisel ; many of these
implements being elaborately carved and painted. On the
other hand, the Tasmanians had merely a spear and club
of the simplest description, and the bit of chipped quartz
with which they manufactured them, ornamentation of
any kind being unknown to them, so that the arms and
implements of the two peoples were remarkably unlike.
Touching the equivalents of the word mater, it is only
necessary to produce them for their want of likeness to be
recognized. Thus, in Tasmania, we have, Milligan, lierm,
liamenee, lileah; Eoberts, leena; Norman, mookener; Jor-
genson, leni, mogo, moka; Lhotsky, lia, lugana, moga; and
Scott, mookaria. At and within a hundred miles of Cape
Leeuwin the terms for water are gaba, gabbee, giap, Map,
and others closely resembling them.
Latham, however, in his Elements of Comparative Phi-
lology, pp. 369 and 370, finds much in common between the
Tasmanian and Australian languages. The Australian words
on which he bases this conclusion were obtained from Scott
Nind's vocabulary of the King George's Sound language,
published in the Memoirs of the Geographical Society of
London,, vol. 1, and the Tasmanian terms from the Voyage
de V Astrolabe, vol. 7, pp. 9, 10. Mr. Latham's first section
on this subject I have examined carefully, with information
before me which he did not possess, with the following
results : —
Wound. — The equivalents given by Lathani for this word
are barana at Port Dalrymple, Tasmania; and bareuk at
King George's Sound, Australia; but as the word is not
found in my vocabulary of King George's Sound, nor in
any of the seven Tasmanian vocabularies which appear
further on, it must be passed over without remark.
Wood: moumbra, Tasmania, and pourn, Australia, as
given by Latham. In the Tasmanian vocabularies there are
THE TASMANIANS. 601
words from two roots in this sense, of whicli moomara,
mumanara, and weenar, weenararme, are instances. The
former of these will be seen to agree fairly well with
Latham's moumhra.
Nind's word pourn is incorrect, boon being the term in
use, as the reader will see by reference to my vocabulary of
King Greorge's Sound, vol. I., p. 389. The same word and
booTia and booana also appear in the neighbouring languages.
In Australia and Africa (Negro) there is frequently but one
word to express tree and wood, and in this instance the
Australian word boon seems to be allied to the African
bono = tree. For firewood we have — Tasmania, weegena;
Australia, wiin; Africa, wun.
Hair : hide, Tasmania ; kaat, Australia. In the seven
Tasmanian vocabularies found in this work, keelana (Jor-
genson) is the only equivalent of hair which bears any
resemblance to kide, unless it be Scott's word nukakala.
Kaat, the Australian word given by Nind, signifies head,
and not hair, for which chow is the equivalent. Hair of the
head is chow-kaat. In some of our languages head and hair
are expressed by the same term, but not in this.
Thigh: degagla, Tasmania ; tawal, Australia. In none
of the Tasmanian vocabularies is the first of these words
found. The Australian word is correct.
Kangaroo: taramei, Tasmania ; taamour, Australia. In
Milligan's vocabulary we meet with tarrana, and in Norman's
terrar, in this sense, which agree very well. With Nind's
taamour I have not met, the common equivalent for kangaroo
at King George's Sound and in its neighbourhood being
younger or yongor.
Lips: mona, Tasmania; mele, Australia. In the Tas-
manian vocabularies I find for lips warlerminner and
mogudelia twice ; mona dCes not occur. Probably tongue
should take the place of lips, as we find the former translated
mena, menne, mina, &c., in most of the Tasmanian vocabu-
laries. In my vocabulary of King George's Sound lips does
not occur.
602 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
No: poutie, Tasmania; poiuilt or poort, Australia. In
the Tasmanian vocabularies pootsa and poohyer are tlie only
words which resemble the above. Mnd's terms are incorrect,
ooad being the word in use at King George's Sound.
Egg: komeka, Tasmania ; kierkee, Australia. Milligan's
and Jorgenson's vocabularies are the only ones which give
the word egg. In them we find liena punna, pateena, and
palinrm, which have something in common with each other,
but bear no resemblance to koneka. In King George's
Sound noorok and booy are the equivalents of egg, and not
kierkee.
Bone: pnale, Tasmania; nouil (bone of a bird used for
sucking up water), Australia. Mnd's real translation of
bone, as given in the Voyage de . P Astrolabe, is kouit. In
three of the Tasmanian vocabularies found in this work we
have translations of this word, none of which bear the most
distant resemblance to pnale. Nind's words nouil and kouit
are equally wide of the mark, queeeh and queeka being the
terms in use.
Skin : kidna, Tasmania ; Mao, Australia. In my Tas-
manian vocabularies the reader will find translations of this
word given by Milligan, Roberts, and Norman, none of
which in the least resemble kidnu. Nind's word kiao, which
is followed by a sign of interrogation, is equally incorrect,
mop and boak being the terms in use at King George's
Sound, both of which are supported by words in use in the
neighbouring' languages.
Two; kateboueve, Tasmania ; kadjen, Australia. Transla^
tions of two are given by Milligan, Jorgenson, Norman,
and Perron. Jorgenson's calabawa somewhat resembles
Latham's kateboueve; the rest have no likeness. Nind's
word kadjen is evidently incorrect, koochal being the term
* In several works Scott Nind's vocabulary is highly spoken of, and on
this ground I recommended it to the reader in Chapter IX., though I had
never seen it. Acquaintance with it has altered my estimate of its value.
THE TASMANIANS. 603
From this it will be seen that, whilst the relationship
between the languages of Tasmania and Australia is not
questioned (for my contention is that both are descended
independently from Negro languages), it is certain that the
data on which Latham based his comparison was much less
reliable than those now available. Neither, it must be
remembered, does that eminent philologist aver that the
Tasmanians were descended from the Australians, but goes
on to show that the languages of Tasmania have, equally,
many Papuan affinities.
A few points of agreement between the Tasmanian and
African languages which do not, as far as I am aware, extend
to Australian tongues, are noticeable as follows : —
Bvjj — Tasmanian, ludawinna, luena ; African, lewi.
Mouth — Tasmanian, canea, canina, &c. ; African, kana, kanua dekanu.
Tooth or teeth — Tasmanian, pegui, pegi, beyge, leeaner; African, pinyi,
bei, lieno, lino, lizo.
Water — Tasmanian, liena, lia, leena, &c.; African, le, lua.
But whilst I have thought it desirable to consider the
descent of the Tasmanians in connection with customs and
language, the strongest evidence that they were not an off-
shoot of the Australian race is found in the physical charac-
teristics of the two peoples, which differed remarkably in
several particulars. Thus the hair of the Australian from
Torres Straits to Wilson's Promontory is long, sometimes
straight, and at others wavy, but never woolly, and his com-
plexion is black with a tinge of red. In both of these
particulars the Tasmanian was strikingly different, for his
hair, though long, was woolly, and his color a sooty black.
Besides this, all writers on the subject agree that the two
peoples differed in features in a marked manner. Now if two
thousand miles of latitude failed to get rid of the roots of
many words, or to modify the hair, color, and features of
the continental tribes, what ground is there for assuming
that a transfer across Bass' Straits brought such changes
about ?
604
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Weighing the facts connected with language, customs,
and physical characteristics, it seems impossible to come
to any other conclusion than that the Tasmanians were
of mixed Negro, but not of Australian descent. By what
route and at what epoch the forefathers of the Tasmanians
reached their island, and by what race their Negro ancestors
were crossed, there is, as far as I am aware, no evidence
to show.
The following are the vocabularies of the Tasmanian
languages which I have been able to obtain. The first was
collected in 1803 by the French navigator, Peron : —
PERON'S VOCABULARY.
Afar off
-
- renene.
Die, to
- mata.
Ankle-
-
- lure.
Drink, to -
- laina.
Arms -
-
- guna-lia.
Ear -
- ouengi-lia.
Bark -
- une bura.*
Eat, go and
- matgera.
Basket
-
- terri.
„ I will -
- madegeea.
Beads -
-
- perelede.
Eucalyptus -
- tara.
Beard -
-
- kongine.
,, seed of monodadro.
Beat, to
Bird -
Blow -
Bottle -
Branch
Breast -
-
- kindrega.
- muta-muta.
- bure.
- luga.
- porshi.
- lere.
,, trunk of pirebe.
Evacuate, to - tere.
Bye - - - nubere.
Eyebrow - - line nubera.
Eall, to - - midugiya.
Burn one self, to laguana.
Family
- tagari-lia?
Call, to
.-
- toni.
Fire -
- une.
Canoe -
-
- nenga.
Fish (gadus)
- punerala.
Casuarina, fruit of lubada.
Fucus palmatus
- rugona.
Charcoal
-
- loira.
Ply .
- oille.
Chin -
-
- onaba.
Give me
- noki.
Cloak of
kang
a- boira.
Go away (let us
- tangara.
roo skins
Grass -
- poene.
Crab -
-
- reuorari.
Grease the hair
- tane poere.
Cut, to
- rogeri, fordi.
Hair -
- cililogeni.
Dance, to
-
- ledrae.
Haliotis
- caene.
Dine, to (eat ?)
- bugure.
Hand -
- rilia.
* See fire, also lightning and thunder
THE TASMANIANS.
605
Pbkon's VocABtri.ART — Continued
Head .
- ouegi.
See, I -
- rendera.
Heel -
- laidoga.
Sing, to
- ledrani.
I-
- mana.
Sit down, to
- medi, medito.
I don't know
- nideje.
Slap, to
- noeni.
I don't under- nidejo.
stand
Insect, a collective paroe.
Sleep, to
Spear, to -
Starfish
- makunya.
- kie.
- oneri.
noun which
pro-
Stone -
- loine.
hably does not
exist. Possibly
the name of some
particular insect
Strangle, to
Sun -
Tattoo-
Tear ■
- lodamerede.
- panubere.*
- palere.
- ure.
Jump -
Kick, to •
- waragra.
- vare.
Teeth -
That -
- pegi-
• avere.
Knees -
- rangalia.
That belongs
to paturana.
Kneel, to -
Laugh
Leaf -
- guanera.
- drohi.
- driu^.
me
That kills -
This way -
- mata e nigo.
- lone.
Lightning -
Lips -
Lobster
- une bura.
- magudilia
- nuele.
Three -
Throw, to -
Thunder -
- aliri.
- pegara.
- bura.
Louse -
- nure.
Tie, to
- nimere.
Me -
Moss -
- pawahi.
- manura.
Tongue
Tree -
- mene.
- lupari.
Nails -
- touilia.
Two -
- bura.
Navel -
- line.
Untie, to -
- laini.
Night -
No -
- burdunya.
- nendi.
Upset, to -
Warm oneself,
- moido-guna.
to gagvui.
Nose -
- mugid.
Water, fresh
- lia.
One -
- marai.
Weep, to -
- tara.
Oyster
, , shell
- lonbodia.
- luba.
,, on - - le.
What do you call wanarana?
Parrakeet -
- mola.
that?
Parrot
Play, to
Polish, to -
Put wood on
- girgra.
- pass.
- rina.
fire treni.
What's your name ? wanarana t
Wife - - - cuani.
Will you come ? - canglanac.
Whistle, to - menne.
Sand -
Seaweed
- gune.
- roeuan.
Wood -
Yellow ochre
- g«i-
- malane.
,, dried for rori.
Yes, good -
- erre.
eating
You -
- nina.
* See eye.
606
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
VOCABULARY OF THE OYSTER BAY TRIBE.
Dbawn up in 1826 by Thomas Scott, at that time Assistant
Stieveyor-Generai- of Tasmania.
Arm -
-
- nanimpena.
Knife or flint
teeroona, tra-
Bird -
-
- datwalla.
wootta.
Blood -
-
- balooyuna.
Man (white)
ragina, ragi.
Bread -
- taoorela.
rytia.
Chin -
-
- coomegana.
Marrow of a bone moomelena.
Dog -
-
- booloobenara,
Moon -
wee-etta.
kuayatta
Mouth-
moonapena.
Ear -
-
- roogara.
Neck -
loobeyera.
Emu -
-
- pandanwoonta.
Nose -
meegrooera.
Byes -
- nepoogamena.
Scar (ornamental;
troobenic.
Feather
- kaaoolegebra.
SheU -
kaa-ana.
Fire -
-
- nooena.
Spear -
preana.
Foreheac
L -
- druana malla.
Stone -
peoora.
Grass -
_
- rawinuina.
Sun -
paganubrana.
Hair -
- nukakala.
Toombs Lake,
moyenteleea.
Hand -
- dregena, reege-
Maoquarie River
bena.
Thumb
manamera
Head -
-
- neeanapeua.
tagina.
Kaugaroo(boomer) rena.
Trees -
moogootena.
jj
(brush)
- lena.
Water -
mookaria.
»s
skin
- bleagana.
Wood (dead) -
weegena.
With regard to the vocabulary which follows, I was in-
formed by the late Eobert Calder that the late E,. A. Eoberts
published it in the Hobartown Courier of 3rd May, 1828.
Mr. Eoberts' widow, who was alive in July, 1879, the time
of Calder's writing to me, informed that gentleman that it
comprised, she believed, the whole of her late husband's
collection. Following the vocabulary, a table is inserted in
which Milligan's rendering of the Brune Island language is
contrasted with Eoberts'.
ROBERTS' VOCABULARY.
Arm -
- wornena.
Belly - -
- lomodina.
Back -
- tabrina.
Bird -
- greigena.
Bad -
- poamori.
Birth -
- aya.
Basket
- tareena.
Bone -
- toodna.
Beard -
- coquina.
Boy -
- leuna or luena
THE TASMANIANS.
607
RoBEETs' VocABULABY — Continued.
Catamaran -
- nungana.
Morning
- nigrarua.
Cherries
- poaranna.
Mouth
- canina.
Child -
- pugyta.
Nails -
- reerana.
Chin
- congene.
Night -
- luena.
Cloud -
T- bagota.
Nose -
- mudena.
Cockatoo (white) - ngarana.
Oyster
- rauba.
,, (black)- moingnana.
Rain -
- boora.
Cold -
- malanii.
Salt-water -
- lena.
Come here -
- todawadda.
Sapling
- prebena.
Crayfish -
- nubena.
Seal -
- marina.
Crying
- taarana.
Sheoak
- lube.
Day -
- tagama.
Shell-fish -
- barana.
Dead -
- moingaba.
Singing
- tiana.
Diver -
- morana.
Ship -
- tedeluna.
Eagle -
- nairana.
Skin -
- tendana.
Ears -
- wegge.
Skull -
- poiedaranina.
Emu -
- ngananna.
Sleep -
- loagna.
Eye -
■ nubrana.
Smoke
- boorana.
Fingers
- reena.
Spittle
- cackbennina.
Fighting
- monganenida.
Spear -
- preena.
Fire -
- ouane.
Stars -
- daledine.
Fish -
- breona.
Stringy bark
- toilena.
Flesh -
- cragana.
Sun -
- pannubrae.
Forehead -
- rougena.
Swimming -
- pugara.
Foot -
- lagarra.
Talk -
- palquand.
Friendship -
- caradi.
Teeth -
- beyge.
Frost -
- ounadina.
Thigh -
- teigna.
Gannet
- crupena.
To-morrow -
- ligrame.
Girl -
- deeberana.
Tongue
- mene.
Go away
- tagara.
Tree -
- weena.
Good -
- paegrada.
Thumb
- rennitta.
Gum-tree -
- greeta.
Valley
- logowelae.
Hand -
- nuna.
Waddy -
- lorina.
House -
- lineda.
Wallaby -
- tarana.
Kangaroo -
- leina.
Warm
- lagarudde.
Kiss -
- modamogi.
Water (fresh)
- leena.
Laughing -
- binana.
White man -
- reigina begutta
Leg -
- leurina.
,, woman
- reigina loanina.
Light -
- unamenina.
Wind -
- ragalanae.
Little -
- moboleneda.
Wombat
- rogeta.
Man -
- nagada.
Woman (Black)
- louana.
Moon -
- weethae.
Wood
- mouna.
THE AUSTRALIAN EACE :
COMPARISON OP THE VOCABULARIES OF ROBERTS AND
MILLIGAN.
Boberta.
MiUigan.
Belly - . - .
Lomodina
.
Lomate.
Back - - - .
Tabrina
.
Talina.
Thumb -
Rennitta
.
Reanaoonta.
Fingers
Reena -
.
Rye-na.
Nails - - . .
Reerana
.
Ryeetony^.
Wallaby
Tarana
.
Taranna.
Wombat
Rogeta
.
Rowitta.
Spear - . - .
Preena -
.
Pena.
Basket -
Tareena
.
Trenah.
Swim - - - -
Pugara
.
Pughrah.
Catamaran (canoe)
Nungana
.
Nunganah.
Flesh - . - .
Cragana
.
Palammena.
Skin .....
Tendana
.
Lurarnnna.
Nose ....
Mudena
.
Muye, muggena.
Mouth . . - -
Canina
.
Kaneina.
Chin ....
Congene
.
Comniena (Oyster Bay).
Tongue
Mene -
.
Menn^.
Ears - - . .
Wegge
.
Wayee.
Skull ....
Poiedaranina
Pruggamoogena (Oyster
Bay).
Beard ....
Coguina
-
Cowinnd.
Hand - . . .
Nuna -
-
Reemutta.
Arm - . . .
Wornena
.
Wtihnna.
Ship ....
Tedeluna
.
Lune poina makkaba.
Foot - - . .
Lagarra
-
Lugganah.
Man (Black)
Nagada
.
Pallawah.
Woman
Louana
.
Lowaima.
Child (babe) -
Pugyta
.
Puggata riela.
Valley.
Logowelae
-
Mara, way-lee.
Kangaroo
Leina -
.
Lena.
Bird ....
Greigena
.
Punna.
Crayfish
Nubena
-
Nub^.
Eye ... .
Nubena
.
Nubrenah.
Sun ... .
Pannubrae
.
Pallanubranah.
Moon ....
Weethae
.
Weetah.
Star ....
Dalediue
.
Romtenah.
Rain ....
Boora .
.
Porrah.
Wind ....
Ragalanae
.
Rallinganunn^.
THE TASMAJSriANS. 609
Comparison oi' the Vooabulaeies or Robeets and Milligan —
Eoberts.
Milligan.
Cold - - -
Malauii
Mallan^.
Frost - - - -
Ouuadina
Oorattai.
Fiire -
Ouane - - - -
Ngune.
Water - - - -
Leena - - - -
Liawenee (Liena,
Oyster Bay).
House - - - -
Lineda-
Line.
Night - - -
Luena
Nun6.
Forehead
Rougena
Penghana.
Emu . - - -
Ngananna -
Ngunannah.
Black cockatoo -
Moingnana -
Menuggana.
White „
Ngarana
Nghara.
Come here -
Todawadda -
Tuttawatta.
Go away
Tagara
Tawkwabee.
Laugh - - - -
Binana
Peninua (Oyster Bay).
Cry - - - -
Taarana
Tarratoone.
Dead - - - -
Moingaba
Moy^.
Sing - - - -
Tiana - - - -
Lyenn^.
Fight - - - -
Moingaba
Moymengana.
Kiss - - - -
Modamogi -
Moee mir6.
Talk - - - -
Palquand
Poieta kannabeh.
Bad - - - -
Poamori
NoUe.
Sheoak-
Lube - - . -
Luhbe.
Gum-tree
Greeta - - - -
Moonah.
Vocabulary of the language of a Tasmanian tribe,
obtained in Hobart Town, in 1835, by Dr. John Lhotsky,
from a Mr. McGeary, who was exceptionally well acquainted
with the language. Oeographical Journal of Van Diemen^s
Land, vol. 1, p. 47.
(W.) and (E.) signify respectively the west and east side of Van
Diemen's Land.
All round - - metaira.
Bandicoot -
- padana.
Arms - - - abri (W.).
Belly -
- kaviranara (W.)
Ashamed, to be - vadabur6na.
Boy -
- plireni.
Bad - - - katoa.
Breast
- voyena.
Badger - - napanrena.
Brother
- pleaganana,
2Q
610
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABTJLABT
OF THE Language of a Tasmania^ Tkibb — contimied.
Canoe -
- lukrapani.
Grass -
- rodedana, publi
Cape Grimm
- pilni.
Grass-tree -
- komtenana.
Cat (native)
- lila (E.).
Ground
- gonta.
Chief -
- bungana.
Gull -
- rowenana.
Chin -
- kamnina.
Hair -
- zitina.
Circular Head
- maluta.
Hand -
- anamana.
Clouds
- limeri.
Handsome -
- marakupa.
Come, to
- tipera.
Hawk -
- ingenana.
Country
- walana-lanala.
„ (black)
- putuna.
Crow -
- kella, katena.
High -
- vatina.
Day -
- megra.
I-
- mena.
Devil -
- comtana (E.),
I will go and hunt mena malaga
nama (W.)j
latia.
rediarapa (S.).
I tell you -
- mena lageta.
Dog (native)
- leputalla (E.).
Island -
- Urevigana.
Drake -
- mabena.
Kangaroo -
- lelagia (W.).
Drink, to -
- lugana.
Kangaroo's pouch krigenana.
Dry -
- katribintana.
Kangaroo-rat
- riprinaua.
Ear -
- pitserata.
Knee -
- minebana.
Earth -
- natta.
Know, to -
- tunepi.
Elbow (?) -
- rowella (W.).
Leg -
- latanama.
Emu -
- rakana.
Less -
- tavengana.
Evacuate, to
- legard.
Little -
- lavara.
Eye -
- lepina.
Low -
- lintece.
Eyebrow -
- tipla (W.).
Magpie
- kenara.
Face -
- niperina,
Man (White)
- lusivina.
manarabel (W.).
„ (Black)
- vaiba.
Father
- mumlamana.
Mersey River
- pirinapel.
Fight -
- menana.
Moon -
- vena.
Fine day -
- lutragala.
Mother
- tattana (W.).
Fire -
- lope.
Mountain -
- trawala.
Flying
- pinega.
Mutton-bird
- yavla.
Foot -
- langana.
Neck -
- denia (W.),
Fog -
- mina.
lepina.
Forest
- lovregana.
Night -
- levira.
Frog -
- pulbena.
Nose -
- minarara.
Frost -
- oltana.
Oak (native)
- lemena.
Get, to
- mengana.
Old man
- lalubegana.
Girl -
- sudinana.
One side
- mabea.
Go, to
- kableti.
Opossum
- milabaina.
Goose -
- robengana.
Pelican
- trudena.
THE TASMANIANS.
611
VoOABULABy
OP THE Language of a Tasmanian Trtb^— continued.
Porcupine -
- tremana.
Stop, to
- mekropa,ni.
Port Sorell -
- panatani.
Stout -
- canola.
Posteriors -
- wobrata.
Sultry -
- ratavenina.
River -
- waltomana.
Sun -
- piterina.
Rivulet
- raontemana.
Swan -
- rowendana.
Rook -
- megog.
Teeth -
- yana.
Run, to
- moltena, meUa.
Seal -
- kateila.
Thigh -
- tula.
Shout, to -
- karni.
Tongue
- mena.
Sit down, to
- mevana.
Walk, to -
- tabelti.
Snake -
- katal.
Water (fresh)
- lugana.
Snow -
- oldina.
moga.
Star -
- potena, marama.
„ (salt)
- moahakall.
Stone -
- nami.
Wood -
- mumanara (E.)
NOEMAN'8 VOOABULAKY.
The following vocabulary, which has never been in print,
was forwarded to me by the late J. E. Calder. It was col-
lected by the late Revd. James Norman, at Port Sorell, Tas-
mania, at which place he resided for many years as minister.
In what tribes the words recorded were in use is not known.
Though they differ very considerably from MilHgan's, it will
be seen, nevertheless, from the table which follows the
vocabulary, that there are a certain number which agree.
It will have been noticed that in some of the Australian
languages we have wee or ween in the senses of sun, fire, and
wood. In the Tasmanian languages we have sometimes the
equivalents of moon, rainbow, word, ashes, and fire from the
same root : —
Ant (large)
- tyanerminngr,
Bark (s.) -
moom6r6.
wayfinennSr.
Baskets (native)
■ tringhgrar.
Ascend (v.)
- tacoamar,
poakalar.
tangaruar.
meerar,
Back (s.) -
- kanntirar.
parnellar.
karndurrSnar.
Be quiet
carranBr.
Bark, to
- t6Iarnt6r.
Birthplace
moleddemer
2Q2
612
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Norman's Vocabulary — continued.
Beef r
- parkallar.
Big - -
- jackSromenar.
Bite, to
- ISeanngr.
Black beetle
- tarrargar,
noonghenar,
wollibbem«r.
Blood
- myagiirmeenSr,
w.yatgrmeenSr,
pentfirwartener
Blow, to -
- 16coongh6har,
loangare.
Bone
- trarmenar,
triannar,
p6narth6nar.
Bread
- tooreeligr.
Break (see Kill).
Breasts
- narrargoonar,
trarwSrlamSr,
tSburcarlooner.
Bring, to -
- worrar.
,, water
- mokgniir.
woortinar.
Bush
- meethSnar,
pungalannar.
Calf (of leg)
- warkellar.
Caress, to -
- kayerpangurner.
karngrminnSr.
Cat (domestic)
- wyamingherwu-
ngherner.
Catamaran (raft) loocroppSrngr.
Chief -
- nSandrarngr.
Child (Black)
- poornethenar.
Climb, to -
- tarrarnarrar,
croanghinnSe.
Clothing
- tiiernar,
tiiernarnar.
Cockatoo -
- toonanarnee.
Cold -
- krarwarlar.
Come -
- teeangr.
Conveyance
- leearmoorar.
Convalescent
- taggttrpeelar,
niim6n6peetar.
Copulate -
- trokSnur.
Cramp
- worgoodiack.
Crow
- lunySr, mok6r6r.
teeandfiroodg-
nar, tritinyiir.
Cry, to
- terrar.
Cuts in skin (orna- potthgnar.
mental)
Cut, to
- tatraanghmgr,
oongttrtSrpoolgr.
Dead -
- blagurdediiir,
wordiSck.
Deception -
- parm6r6uco.
/ garb6rebob6r6.
Descend, to
- mabberkennar,
congurlunhiner.
Dig, to
- martiSlcootSnar,
nongrmeenar.
Dirty
- pleggttrlgrmin-
ngr, triagtlrbii-
ghgmg.
Dive {v.)
- togurlongurber-
ner.
Dog -
- moograr.
Drink, to -
- tgmokeniir.
Dull— stupid
- toanngr.
Ear -
- teemiirladde-
nang.
Earth •
- triagurbugume,
plegurlamer.
Eat -
- tegiirngr.
Exclamations
of allar! nomebeu!
surprise
Exclamation
to nee! nee!
draw attention
Evil spirit -
- lagueroppeme.
Excrement -
- tyangr,teethangr
Expression
of peulinghenar,
salutation
plegagenar.
Eye -
■ plegtirlgthar.
nebbglteethg-
nar, neurikee-
nar.
THE TASMANIANS.
613
NoKMAn'a VocABULABY — contmued.
Pall down -
- nebbertaltick,
Gum -
- marnar, moonar.
nayendree.
„ -tree -
- warterooenar.
Fiddle
- lagapack, lagrer-
planduddenar.
minner, langa-
Hair -
- lagumerbamer.
mark.
Hang (execute)
- troguiligurdick.
Fire -
- partroller.
wartherpoo-
Fire-tail (a bird
- pootherenner.
thertick.
Fire a gun, scourge linghgnSe.
Hand -
- rajurner, nar-
Flatulent -
- tickamar, tee-
neruienner,
agumauneme.
partererminner.
He, she
- narrar.
Flea -
- neunar.
Fold up
Food -
- languennee.
- gibbly.
Head -
- neucougular,
neugolar,
Foot -
- langoonar.
peecarkerlein-
Forehead -
- monur, noon-
armer.
Here -
- lumbe.
ghiner.
Frightened -
- terrewartenar.
Horse -
- parcoutenar.
Frog -
- rollaner.
House -
- leebrSrne,
Ply .
- neboolyttnar.
16p6nam6.
marnar, mar-
Hungry (stomach plonerpurtick.
pooemartenar.
empty)
Give away, to
- parragOnee,
teaghener.
Hut -
- peungumee,
nartick.
Iguana
- martheriddenar.
rappee.
leenar, peelen-
Go, to
- tagurner, trar-
nar, meethen-
wemar.
nar.
,, back, to
- canghgnS.
It
- niggur.
») " "
- topeltee.
Jaw (under)
- camuner.
,, away -
- parrarwar.
„ (upper)
- naarwinner.
Goat -
- martillarghellar.
Kangaroo - •
- terrar, woolar.
Good -
- narrarcooper.
illar, pleathe-
Good-bye -
- woUighererper-
nar.
namer.
-rat
- keuperrar.
Grape
- ttirrurcurtar.
,, sinew
- laerpenner.
ttirroeurthenar.
Kill or break
- craokerpucker,
Grass -
- rorertherwar-
tamur.
tener.
Kiss, to
- mellkener.
.. (long)
- troonar, niingur-
pigurner.
mlnner.
Knead, to -
- trallerpereener.
Grub, found under naxnar, namar-
benghemar.
roots of trees
nann6.
narrynar.
614
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Nobman's VocABUiABY — contmuid.
Knee -
namerpenner,
Nice or palatable
leekener.
pleanerpenner.
troanghener.
Laugh
pilleurmolar,
No -
nummerwar.
pickernar, mac-
„ good -
nouddiock.
kererpillarne.
Nose
manSwurra,r,
Lazy -
warterpoolyar,
moonar.
nemeener.
One -
marrarwan.
Leg -
plegurner,
borar, parmere.
lurerener.
Open -
leearway,
Lips -
wurlerminner.
leeangwuUfir-
Look ! -
- tronecartee!
aiy.
Look, to
labberar.
Opossum -
woUmmemer,
„ at me
labberar meener.
tarrarnderrar.
Magpie
callecotoghener.
Peach
warterooramar.
trubrarnar.
beemguoganar.
Man. (White)
loderwinner.
Peppermint- tree
- meetherbar-
„ (Black)
wibar.
benar, mSIghe-
Me -
meener.
nar.
Mimosa (prickly)
pavemlnner,
Pig - - -
comecartinguner.
rapprinner.
prpbrithener.
Moon (see Sun).
Pigeon
larnar, larrenar.
More
weeminer.
Picture
- neemerteekener,
Mouth
- mokerleebrer.
loteeberneener-
Move -
- lingurninne.
ner, loteeghe-
Music
nayameroocSr-
nar.
nee, neberle
Plenty
- parmerprar.
camee.
Posteriors
- oatorar, war-
Mushroom (not
plennar, neerar,
bererteener.
eaten by the neeraik, meero-
Pregnancy
- tragardick.
Blacks)
rar.
nomercurtick,
Musket
- partroUarne (see
planewooraok.
Fire), leunar,
Presently -
- parconiack,
loeenar.
peemar.
Mussel
- poackerler, par-.
Prick, to -
- troonghenne.
uellar, war-
Pull to (a boat)
- pargonee.
keller.
wayabberner,
Mosquito -
- mokerer.
lucroppemer.
Mutton
- martillar.
Put or place {y.)
- plangener.
Nails
- teiiminer, mar-
„ OTa.(v.)-
• toanohinnee,
thereroomenar.
mokenurmin-
Neck
- pleallergobber-
ner.
ner, loorener.
Rain -
- toorar.
THE TASMAOTANS.
615
Norman's Vocabulabt — continued.
Raw (relating to
pleenduddiack.
Spit, to
mamerminner.
meat)
mancar.
petherwartenar.
Roast, to
-
meerorar,
Stare or track
larngerner.
mamgumer.
Starfish
- maenkoo.
Rub, to
-
newmertew-
maarkanner.
ghenar.
Stay -
- ulvugheme.
Run, to -
noonghenar.
Stone -
- teewartear, lar-
Salt-water
or sea
mokenur,
trarwerlar.
nar, peurar,
noeenar.
Scorbutic
com-
peunerminner,
Stomach
- ploner.
plaint, name of
leallerminner.
plaangner.
Seaweed
-
penneagurner.
Stomachful
plonerboniack.
ueoonendenar.
Strike
- lugurnarmoonar,
See -
-
neunkenar.
riagumer.
Sick -
-
loneroner.
Strong
noomeanner.
memunrack.
Suck -
marrarwar.
Sing, to
-
camerwelegur-
Sun and moor
tooweenyer.
ner.
(left undistin
- larthethelar.
Sit down
-
crackernee.
guished)
warkellenner.
Shake hands - -
namermeriner.
larthertegurner
parlerlermin-
Swim, to -
- tringhener.
ner.
Take oflF, to
licanghener.
Shake, to
.
peeng wartenar.
licoorar.
Shut -
-
pomeway,
pewterway.
Thighs
trungermar-
teener, kaar-
Skin -
.
neeamurrar.
wgrrar.
loantagamar,
Tiger (native)
crimererrar.
moomtenar.
Toadstool -
- mayerkeperlar-
Sky -
tooreener.
lee.
Sleep, to
-
logurner.
Tobacco
pyagurner.
Smoke
-
noonwartenaT.
Toe -
lagurner.
eularminnfir.
To-day
larthertegurner.
Soldier (a
corrup
tooyar.
Tooth -
- leeaner.
tion)
Tongue - -
trarwerner,
Song, sung by wo
- mazguricker-
kanewurrar.
men in a
stand-
oamer.
Touch, to -
- narnermmner.
ing posture
Trinket
■ derenner.
Sprat -
-
pellogannor.
ueandrarner.
ploo-criminnur.
Three
wyandirwar.
Speak, to
carraee.
There
mamder.
Spear
-
arlenar, peear-
ner, pleeplar.
Throw, to -
perrerpenner,
lugurperneller.
616
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Norman's Vocabulary — continued.
Two -
- pyanerbarwar.
Wing of bird
podriinnar,
Unfinished -
- permayniertick.
paranerrar.
Urine -
- moonghenar.
We -
warrander.
Vomit, to -
- neugonar,
wyangurner,
penagherer-
meener.
Woman, anything teebrarmokenur
appertaining to
Wombat - - probriddener.
Waddy (club)
- Hilar.
Wood
weenar.
Walk, to -
- pooplanghenack,
weenarnarue.
warkcrooner.
Wood ashes
weentiennar.
Wash, to -
Water
Wattle-tree
Wind
- legurner.
- mookenner.
- moonar.
- linghenar,
teeverluttenar,
langurnerrar.
Whistle, to
Whiskers -
portroltiennar.
peucannor,
ploogaminner,
peunoonghener.
carmeener.
Wipe, to -
- nagunner,
nabruckertar-
Yes -
paruxar,
parwarlar.
ner.
You -
neener.
Words in the Vocabularies op Norman and Milligan which
agree more ok less.
English.
Norman.
MUUgan.
Nose - - - .
Noonar
Mununa.
To dine
Togurlongurberner
Tonelunto.
„ eat -
Tegumer -
Tuggaua.
Rain - - - .
Toorar - . -
Porrar.
To laugh -
Pickemar -
Foenghana.
,, sleep
Logumer -
Lony.
Stone - - . -
Lamar
Loinah.
Spear - - - -
Peearner
Pena.
Dung or excrement
Tyaner
Tiena.
Bad - - - -
Nouddiock -
Noweiaek.
You - - - -
Neener
Neena.
Me - - - -
Meener
Meena.
Sick - - - -
Memunrack
Micrackanyaeh.
To strike -
Luguruarmoonar
Luggana golumpte.
Flea - - - -
Neunar
Non^.
Gum-tree -
Moonar
Moonah.
One - - - -
Marrarwan -
Marrawah.
THE TASMANIANS.
617
Words in the Vocabulabies of Noeman and Milligajt which
AGREE MORE OB -LESS— -Continued.
English.
Norman.
MilUgan.
Spit -
- . -
Mamerminner -
Kamena meena.
Mushroom
.
Neerar * -
Nearana.
To climb
.
Croanghinnee
Krony6.
Opossum
.
Tarramderrar -
Tarripnyenua.
Kangaroo
.
Terrar
Tarra-na.
My blood
.
Wyattermeener -
Warrgata meena.
To blow
.
Loangare -
Loinganah.
Wind -
.
Linghenar - - -
Lewan.
To kiss
-
Melikener -
MiewaM.
Frog -
RoUaner
Ralla.
Basket
.
Tringherar - - -
Tughbranah.
Two -
.
Payanerbarwar -
Piawah,
Three -
.
Wyandirwar
Lea winnawah.
Urine -
.
Moonghenar
Mungana,
Fly -
.
Mamar
Monga.
Hand -
Ragumer -
Riena.
Foot -
.
Langoonar -
Luggana.
Wood -
-
Weenar - -
Winna, wiena.
NAMES OP NATIVES GIVEN IN THE REVD. MR. NORMAN'S
VOCABULARY.
Ben Lomond Mob.
Leemogannar, the Chief.
Women's Names.
Teemee.
MallangarparwarleenSr.
Pebbfirpooter.
MaytyennSr.
Poor6rtennSr.
Men's Names.
Prignapannar.
PeunSroon6roon6r.
Trallarpeenar.
Parth6rn6rpenn6nSr.
CamgrleetSnar.
FldannSroongr.
TeethSrwubb61ar.
Neemgtirannar.
Meemoolibb6rn6r.
Teeturt6rar.
Plan^garrJirtoothSnar.
May'ennar.
618
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Ben Lomond Mob.-
Teeth6rpoon6r.
TeewSrlfirpoonfir.
Troon'6th6rpoon6r.
TerrSrpeen6rlangtirnar. .
Poorooneenar.
LeenSrSleangMnSr.
Larwarlarparwarleenar.
Penn6rSrparwurlemiar.
Larklgtinar.
TewtSrpuiiuar.
NaggtirpaimSr.
PuflnSrweeghiinar.
Treearpaimgr.
PeniiSroongr.
LoonSrminnfir.
Tinghergrperrar.
WarthSrlookgrtermar.
PoothgrSrterrar.
Teew6rl6rpoon6r.
Plengtirr6rterrar.
Pring'urtoolSrar.
Tarth6rtildr6r.
M6wSrtennar.
TeethgrmoopSlrar.
RangitrmannBr.
TreegtirparmSr.
-Men's Names — continued.
Eb'b61rann6r.
N6and6r6rpoon6r.
Keet6rpoon6r.
Teelutt6rar.
Teugttrgrpanngr.
M6remiar.
CuppSrlangiinar.
Peiiruppgrleenar.
Py'angtlr6rt6rrar.
NeenSrcleenfir.
Wart6rlook6rteimar.
Ting'lirgrperrar.
Parl6rtSrw6pittSn6r.
Carw6rt6rwiim6r.
Lar'gimnar.
Teeth6rmobb6rlar.
Peuneroon6r.
Ldartennar.
Peb'bgramar.
Pling'thootgnar.
Par'lgrpeupSrtertenar.
War't6rnamm6rtmn6r.
Trar'nSreenSr.
Nam^keramigr.
Wart6rmeelutt6rween6r.
Note. — Sexes of the Big River tribe not distinguisbed.
Big RrvER Mob.
Mont'grpeelyartSr, the Chief.
PerrSrparcootSnar.
I TgreetSe.
VOCABULAEY BY JORGEN JORGENSON.
The following vocabulary is extracted from the Tasmanian
Journal of Natural Science, vol. 1, p. 309 et seq., where the
following statement occurs: — " The major part of the follow-
ing list of native words was extracted from documents in the
Colonial Secretary's Office, by the late Jorgen Jorgenson."
Those marked with an asterisk were furnished by the Revd.
Thomas Dove, lately resident in Flinders Island. Those in
italics are from L'Entrecasteaux, taken in 1792: —
THE TASMANIANS.
619
I
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620
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
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THE TASMANIANS.
621
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622
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
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THE TASMAOTLAlNS.
623
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624
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
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THE TASMANIANS. 625
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VOL. m. 2 E
626
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
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THE TASMANIANS. 627
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THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
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THE TASMANIANS. 629
*. I I I I 1.1 ill
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630
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
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THE TASMANIANS. 631
a
1 II I III iu l| slli
&■ t£ilii£S.eS"53S 53ph Ills
III' 'II
I
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632
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
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§ §
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THE TASMANIANS. 633
Words in which Jorgenson and Milligan agkeb more or less.
J. Jorgenson.
Milligan.
Arm - - - -
Houana
Wihima.
Basket
Terri
TiUe.
Beard
Canguin^ -
Cowinn^.
Black man
Palewaredia
Pahleah.
Come - - - .
Tarrabilyie
Tallya-lea.
Crow - - - -
Lina - . - -
Lietenna.
Cry - - - -
Targa
Tagara toomiack.
Ear . - - -
Ouagui
Wayee.
To eat
Tuwie
Tughlee.
Egg - - - -
Palinna
Pateenah.
Bye -
Nuber^ - - -
Nubr^.
Fight -
Memana
Miamengana.
Fire . - - ■•
Unee - - - -
Nguue.
FUt -
Reannemana
Ree-trierrena.
Flyblow -
MouTiga
Mongana (fly).
Foot - - - -
Langana - - -
Luggana.
Frost - - - -
Ulta - - - -
Oolrah.
Grass - - - -
Roonina
Rouninna.
Moon - - - -
Weena
Weenah leah.
Mouth
Canea
Kaneinah.
Mutton-bird
Youla
YoUa.
To run
Reugnie
Ren^. .
Snake
Pouranna -
Bawaimah.
Spear - - - -
Prenna
Perenna.
Star - - - -
Moordunna
Rhomdunna.
Stone - - - -
Lonna ...
Lonna.
Strong
Ralipianna
RuUa ruUanah.
Tongue - - -
Mene - - - -
Mennfe.
Two . - - -
Boula - - . -
Pooalih.
Wallaby -
Tara - - - -
Taranna.
Wind
Leewan
Lewan.
You -
Nana
Neena.
634
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABULARY OF DIALECTS OF ABORIGINAL TRIBES OF
TASMANIA.
Bt Joseph Mlllioan, F.L.S., etc.
English.
Tribes from Oyster.
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Eeoherohe Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
Noriih-weBt and
Western.
Abscess -
Lieemena -
Limetd - - -
WallamaH.
Absent
Malumbo -
Taggara
Wakannara.
Abstain -
Miengpa -
Parraw^
Wannabea
tongh.
Abstract (to
Nunamara -
—
—
deduct)
Accompany
Taw4-
.
Tawglea
mepoilea.
Acid (taste)
No-wieack
Noilee - - -
'GduUa.
Acrid (taste)
Peooniack -
Mene wuttd or
men^ ruggara
—
Add to or put -
Prolong -
Poggoa nee
wughta
Poilabea.
Across (to put or
Prolon-unyere -
Wuggara tungald
Tienenable
place)
poingh.
Adult man ' -
Puggana min-
yenna'
Pallawah
Pahlea.
„ woman, -
Lowall min-
Nienat6 and
Noallea.
yenna
lowanna
Afraid
Tianna coith-
yack
TiennawilM -
Camballet^.
Afternoon -
Kaawutto -
Nunto-n6
Kaoonyleah.
Aged (literally,
Tinna-trioura-
Naggataboy^
'Gnee-muckl^.
rotten-boned)
tick
Agile
Meuakarowa
Narra warraggara
—
Ah ! -
Ah! - - -
Mile-n6
—
Air - - -
Oimunnia -
Rialannah -
—
Altogether
Nuntyemtick
Mabbyl^ -
—
Aloft - -
Muyanato -
Crougana
wughata
THE TASMANIANS.
635
VOCABTJIiAB,y OF DiALBCTS OF AbORIQINAL TbIBES OF TASMANIA-
continued.
English,
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mo\mt
Eoyai, Brune Island,
Eeoherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
ATnatory(rakish)
Einnyowalinya -
Lingana looa
renowa
—
Anger
Miengconnene-
chana
Poin^ mOonaland -
—
Angle (crooked
Wien-powenya -
Wiena and
—
like the elbow)
wienenna
Ankle - -
Munnaghana
Munnawana-
—
Anoint
Yennemee -
Euggara
—
Another -
Tabboucack
Neggana
—
Answer (to)
Ouneeprap^
Oghnemip^ and
—
Ant (blue)
Pugganeiptietta -
oghnerap^
—
Ant (small black,
Ouiteitana -
Moyberry -
—
strong smelling)
Ant (largest
Tietta
Tit6 -
—
black, venemous)
Ant (red body.
Nowateita -
Lalla and loattera
—
with black head
and tail)
Ant-eater -
Mungyenna
Munny^
—
(Echidna setoBa)
Apparition
Wurrawena
krottomiento-
neack
Ria-wurrawa
Aquiline -
Muunna pugga-
MaitinguW -
—
(Boman-nosed)
winya
Arm - - -
Wu'hnna -
Wu'hnna
—
Ashamed -
Leiemtonnyaok -
Lienut^
—
Aha ! you are
Annyah !
Keetrelbea-
—
sulky all of a
Teborah !
noomena, penig-
sudden
gomaree !
Ashes
Tontaiyenna
Toiberry
Ronghtuly n^.
Ask -
Ongheewammeno
Oghnamile^ -
OnabeamabbeM.
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABULAKY OP DiALECTS OP ABORIGINAL TRIBES OP TASMANIA —
continued.
English.
Tribea from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribea about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
North-west and
Western.
Asleep
Tugganick -
Longhana -
Nenarongabea.
Awake (to open
Cra,Tinymongthe^
—
—
the eyes)
jj " ■
Wennymongthe^
Nunneoine-
roidukat^
~~'
Awake him,
Lientiap^ -
—
Uletiap^.
rouse him
Ay (yes) -
Narramuna
Narrawa
Narro baro.
Azure (sky) " -
Noorbiaok -
Warra-n^
Loarauneleah,
Awake (rouse ye.
Lientable, tagga
Nawatd, pegrate.
Takkawugh n^.
get up)
muna !
wergho !
Babe
Cottrulutty^
Puggata riela
Rikent^.
Bachelor -
Pugganara mitty^
Lowatimy -
Paponnewatt^.
Back (the)
Me-inghana
Talinah
Teerannelee-
leah.
Backward -
Lenere
Talire -
Kelabatecorah.
Bad (no good) -
Noweiack -
Noile -
Ee-ayngh-la-
leah.
Ba,Tidy-legged -
Lackaniam-
paoick
Rentrouet^ -
—
Bandicoot -
Tieunah
Tenghanah or
Lugoileah mun-
tenna-ne
goiaah leah.
Bark (of a tree)
Poora, poora-nah
Warra - - -
Poora leah.
Barren (woman)
Kaeeto kekra-
bonah
Lowa puggatimy -
Lopiteneeba.
)» »»
Nangemoona
Loakennamald
—
Baskets
Tughbranah
Trenah
TiU^.
Bat -
Peounyenna
L^rynah
—
Battle
Miemyenganah -
Mialungana -
Mungymeni leah.
Beard
Comena puren-
nah
Cowinn^
Comen6-waggel^.
Beardless -
Comena-ranyah -
Co-win-timy
Cominerah leah.
THE TASMANIANS.
637
Vocabulary of Dialects of Aboriginal Tribes of Tasmania—
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Beat (to strike) -
Legganegulump-
Lugguna
Menghboibee
t^
rat^.
Beau (coxcomb) -
Pugganatereety^
Pallowah-tutt^ -
Papponn^ tughte
leah.
Beauty(fine-look-
Lowannarelap-
Nire-lowa -
Noanoughanoatt^
iag woman)
that-y4
ji >» "
Lowanna-eleeba-
naleah
Loa-minery -
—
Bark of tree flap-
Poorakunnah -
Lowarinnakimnah
—
ping
Bed (sleeping-
Oortrackeomee,
Orragurra wurina,
—
place in the
noonameena
orragurra nemony
bush)
Before
Mealtetriangule-
beah
Prungee
— -
Behind
Mealtitta lerreu-
titta
Talina
—
Belch (to) -
Luonna^kunua -
Loona kanna
—
Belly -
Tree-^rina -
Lomate
—
Big (large) -
Teeunna -
Papla -
—
Bill (bh-d's)
Meunna
Peegra -
—
Bird -
Puggunyenna -
Punna -
—
Bite -
Ralkwomma
Rebkarranah
—
Bitter
Laieeriack -
Poina noily -
—
Bkmdfordia no-
None in the dis-
Remind
—
bilis
trict
Black
Maback or ma-
ba,TiTia
Loaparte
—
Blood (my)
Warrgata meena
Coccah
—
Blossom
Maleety^ -
Nannee purillabe-
nannee
—
Blow-fly -
Mongana r
Monganah -
—
638
THE AUSTEu^IAN EACB ;
VOCABTJLAIIT OE DIALECTS OF AbOBIGINAL TkIBES OF TASMANIA —
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Blow (with the
Loyun6
Loinganah -
—
mouth forcibly)
Boil (Furuncvlus)
Lieemena -
Lieematah -
—
Bosom (woman's)
Parugganna
Parugganah -
—
„ (man's) -
Puggamenyera -
Parrungyenah or
liatimy
—
Boy (small child)
Melangyenna -
Puggatah paw-aw^
—
„ (large „ )
Cotty-mellity^ -
Poilahmaneenah -
—
Bread
Pannaboo -
Pannaboo na
■ —
„ (give me
Tienna miap^
Tiengana m.& pan-
Tunghmbibdtun-
some)
pannaboona
naboo
garingalea
Breast (chest) -
Meryanna -
Toorinah
—
Brook
Manenge-keetan-
Wayatinah -
—
Broom (a besom)
Perrutty^ -
Beroieah
Brother (little) -
Nietta mena or
nietarrana
Piembucki -
—
„ (big) -
Puggana tuantit-
tyah
Peegennah -
—
Brow (forehead) -
Rogoona -
Roie-runnah
—
Brushwood
Weena-keetyen-
Looranah
—
Bum (hurt by fire)
Punna meena
Wuggatah -
_
Bury (to) -
Parraw4 pean-
gluntapoo
Pomanneneluko -
—
Buttock
Liengana -
Nunnah
—
By-and-by
Piyerd
Gunnyem waub-
beraboo
—
Buzz (like a fly;
Mongana -
Monga,Tia.h -
also name of fly)
Come along, I
Talpyawadyuo
Tattawattah onga-
—
want you
tuyenacunna-
mee
neena
THE TASMAISriANS.
639
Vocabulary of Dialects of Aboriginal Tribes of Tasmania —
continued.
Tribes about Mount
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Royal, Brune Island,
North-west and
Bay to Pittwater.
Recherche Bay, and
Western.
the South of Tasmania.
Call - - . -
Ronnie
Ronnypalpee
— ■
Canoe (catama-
Mallanna -
Nunganah -
Nunghuna.
ran)
Carcase
Miackbourack -
Miepoiyenah
—
Cat (large native)
Luyenna -
Luyenna
Limna or laboib^.
„ (small „ )
Pringreenyeh -
Lapuggana -
Labaggyna or
naboineen^l^.
Catarrh
Teachrymena,
Manah,
Teachreena,
teaknonyak
tekalieny
teeakunny.
„ yn.ih.Dysp-
Takkaruttye
Mannah larree
Poorannacalle.
rum.
Caterpillar
Eianna
Peenga-
—
(small)
Cavern
Lielle woUngana
Poatina
—
Caul -
Roongreena
Meena or loarinah-
Mena lowallina
or kuttamoileh.
Cease (to) -
Myeemarah
Parraw^
—
Charcoal -
Maweena -
Loarra
—
Chase (to) -
Rhinyetto -
Lerypoontabee
— .
Chirrup (to)
Tetyenna -
Telita -
—
Chin -
Conmienna
Wahba
—
Chine (backbone)
Myingana-tenena
Turarunna -
—
Cider from Euca-
Way-a-linah
Way-a-linah
—
lyptus
Circle
Lowamachana -
Riawiinna -
—
Claw (talon)
Kurlugga.ria
Kulluggana -
—
Clay -
Pannogana ma-
Utty6
Pappalye mallee -
Crazy (cranky) -
Tagantyenna or
Tannatea
Wayepoeele, or
muggana pug-
poietanat^, or
goonyack
kongatun^, or
kongatueele.
Clean -
Pannyealeebna -
Mallea - - -
640
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABtTLAEY OF DiALECTS OF AbOBIGINAI. TBIBES OF TASMANIA —
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
■Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
CUmb (to) - -
Krony^
Kroanna
— .
Clutch (to)
Tiackbooraok -
Tigyola
—
Cold -
Tunack
Mallan^
—
Come (to) -
Talpeyawadeno,
tallya-lea
Tuttawatta-
—
Conflux (crowd) -
Tirranganna
menya
Palabamabbyl^ -
—
Conflagration -
Kawalooohta
Loiny or una par-
oina
— ■
Conversation (a
Rhineowa mun-
Poyara kunna nUe-
—
great talking)
gonagunea pog-
ganakarn^
mena
j»
Karnyalimenya -
Karnamooualan^ -
—
)j
Karnalirya
Kamalar^ -
—
Cord(asmallrope)
Metakeetana
Mit4 -
Corpse (a dead
Myack boorrack
Moyd or mungy^ -
carcase)
Correct
Onnyneealeeby^ -
Nirabe - - -
Cough
Tachareetya
Mannaladdy
—
Coxcomb (a flne-
Puggana tareetya,
Pallawah tutty,
—
looking fellow)
puggatimy pena
pallawahpamary
Cockatoo (white)
Weeanoobryna -
'Nghara
—
„ (black)
Menuggana
'Nghay rumna, -
Crevice or fissure
LiellowuUingana
Riengeena -
—
in rooks
Creek
Manenya kee-
tanna
Liapota
—
Cross -
OeUupoonia ura-
poonie
Poir^ tungaba
—
Crow - - -
Lietenna -
Taw wereiny
—
Cry (weep)
Naoutagh bou-
Moi-luggataj
—
rack, tagara
tarra toone
toomiack
THE TASMANIANS.
641
VOCABITLART OF DiALEOTS OF ABORIGINAL TbIBBS OF TaSMANIA-
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Beoherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Cut (to) -
Lowgoone -
Toagarah
Cape Portland
Tebrycunna
—
—
(language)
Creak (from fric-
Temata kunna
Eetakunna -
—
tion of limbs of
trees)
Dance
Kianna riacunha
Rialangana -
—
Dark -
Taggremapack -
Nune meene larra-
boo
—
Daughter -
Neantym^na
LoggataW meena -
—
Daylight -
Taggremaranny^
LuggaraniaM
—
Dead -
Mientung bour-
racka»(imerack
bourrack
Moy^ -
Deaf -
Guallengatick
guanghata
Wayeebed^ -
—
Deep (water)
Loa maggalangta
Kellatie
—
Demon
Mienginya -
Ria warrawah noiW
Pawtening-eelyl^.
Demur (grumble)
Kokoleeny kon-
qua
— '
"
Den (of wild ani-
Lienwollingena -
Riengenapoatina -
.—
mals)
Depict (draw a de-
Macooloona
Pallapoirena-
—
sign in charcoal)
Deplore (to lament
Tagrunah kamul-
Moaluggata kanna-
—
as at an Irish
uggana
proie
wake)
Desire (to) -
Oonaoragniack -
Poykokarra -
—
Desist (to) -
Parrawureigu-
nepa
Parawuree -
~
Dine (to) -
Pooloogoorack -
Tuggara nowe - -
—
Dirt (mud of a
Panogana ma-
Mannana mally^ -
—
whitish color)
leetya
VOL. Ill,
2S
642
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABULABY OV DiALECTS OF AbOKIOINAL TrIBES OF TASMAOTA-
contimied.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Dirt (mud dried)
Pengana rutta -
Mannana rull6
—
jj "
Pengana -
Mannana -■
—
Dirty -
Mawpaok -
Mawpa
—
Displease (to
Lieneghi mia-
PoinawalU -
—
make angry)
wero or kukun-
na poipuggeapa
Dispute (to)
Rinnea guanettya
Kanna moonalan^
—
Distant
Manlumb^ra
Kantogganna w^b-
bery
~~~
Dive (to) -
Ton6 lunto
Togana lea-lutah
—
Diversion (sport,
LeenyalM -
Luggara riaw^
—
play)
Dizzy
Mongtantiack -
Nubretanyt^
—
Dog -
Kaeeta
Panoin^]
—
Dove (wild
Mongalonerya -
Moatah
—
pigeon)
Dravj- (to pull) -
Ko-ulopu -
Menghana -
—
Dream
Neaoha puggaroa-
mee
Neaggara
—
Drink
Lougholee -
Nugara
—
Drop (water)
Liemkaneack
Mikany
—
Drown
Tong bourrak -
Tong poyer^
—
Drowsy
Tuggan^m^nui-
ack
Nueenddy -
—
Dry -
Rongoiulong
bourrack,
roungeack
Kamaroide -
Duck (gender not
Wiekennya
Woaroir^
—
distinguished)
Dug - . -
Paroogualla
Paruggana -
—
Dull (stupid dolt)
KouUangtaratta
Poyetannyt^
—
Dumb
Manemmenfoa -
Menawdly -
—
Dung (excrement;
Tiamena -
Tiena -
—
THE TASMANIANS.
643
VOCABTJIiABY OP DiALECTS OE AbOBIOINAL TkIBES OP TaSMAUIA-
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Recberche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Dusk -
Kaoota
Panubratony
—
Dust -
Pughrenna
—
—
Dwarf
Wughwerra pae-
etya
Nuggatapaw^
Dysentery or
Tiaqu^imy^
Tiamabbyl^
—
Diarrhoea
East Bay Neck -
Lueenalang'ta -
Lueenalanghta -
—
Eaglehawk Neck
Teeralinnick
Teralinna
—
Eagle -
Gooalanghta
Weelaty
— •
Eagle's nest
Lieemunetta
Lleewughta -
—
Ear -
Mungenna -
Wayee
—
Early (in the
Tuggamarannye
Nunawenapoyla -
—
morning, at twi-
Ught)
Earth (mould) -
Pengana -
Mannena
—
Earthquake
Wughyranniack
Munna potrunne -
—
Earthworm
LoUah
LoUara-
—
Eat heartily
Telbeteleebea -
—
—
Eat (to) -
Tughlee,tuggana
Tughrah, tuggranah
—
Echo -
Kukanna wurra-
wina
Kannamydt6
Eel - -
L^ngomenya
Lingowenah-
—
Effluvia -
Membreac -
Poin4 noU6 -
—
Egg - - -
Liena punna
Pateenah
—
Elbow
Wieninnah-
Wayenumah
—
Elf or fairy (fond
Nang-inya -
Nungheenah or
—
of children and
noilowanah
dances in the
hills, after the
fashion of Scotch
fairies)
Eloquent (talka-
Munkann^ra
Kannamoonalan^ -
— ■
tive)
walah
2 S 2
644
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABULAET OF DiALECTS OE ABORIGINAL TkIBES OV TASMANU-
continiied.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
■ 1
Ember (red hot)
Toneetea -
Weealuttah -
—
Embowel (to dis-)
Parrawd tiak-
rangana
Parratibe -
—
Embrace (Plato-
Talwattawa or
Tallawatta -
Moilaten^.
nic)
rugana wurra-
naree,
Ramuna reluga-
nee
Emmet (small
Ouyeteita -
Lallah -
—
ant)
Emu -
Punnamoonta -
'Ngunannah -
—
Encampment
Lena wughta ro-
taleebana
Tiine rotali -
~"
Enfeeble (to) -
Miengotick,
mienkomyack
MungaweW -
Enough (suffi-
Miemer^meM
Narramoiewa
—
cient)
Entrails -
Regana tianna
or tiakrangana
Poin^ -
—
Evening -
Kaoota
Kawootah -
—
Exchange -
Tientewatera
Tay eneb^ or tayene
—
nent^ or tiang-
nyelutera
tetewemyna
Excrement
Tiamena
Tiannah
—
Expectorate
Teagarea kragan-
eack
Manna mdred^
—
Extinguish
Pariier^ -
Patingunab^
—
Exudation -
Wialina, or wal-
lenah, or walla-
menula
Wialina
Exuvia (skin of a
Lierkanapoona
Liergrapoinena -
—
snake)
or lierkapoona
Eye -
Mongtdna
Nubr6 or nubrenah
—
THE TASMANIANS.
645
Vocabulary of Dialects or Aboriginal Tribes of Tasmania-
contmued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Kecherohe Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Eyebrow ■
Lyeninna poor-
inna
Leeininn^
—
Eyelash
Mongtalinna
Nubrd tongany
—
Eyelid
Moygta genna -
Nubre wurrine -
—
Eyry -
Malanna meena
Tiinenah
—
Falmoutli and .
Kunawra Kunna
George's River
Face -
Niengheta -
Noienenah -
—
„ (fine)- -
Niengheta elap-
thatea
Noiena nir^ -
"
Facetious -
Poigneagana
Pen^ or penamab-
beW
"
Faeces
Tianana
Tianah
—
Faint-
Mongtaniack
Nubretannet6* -
—
Fairy -
Mummibuckan-
nyaornanginya
Murrumbukannya
Falsehood -
Maneentayana -
Laninga noiW
Fang (canine
Wugherinna ru-
Payee rotyW or
■
tooth)
gotoleebana
coorina
Far -
Tongoomela,
Lomawpa, tomalah
lewatenoo, or
nangummora
Fat -
Niennameena -
Pangana wayede^
„ man -
Poonan[iena
moonta
Pallawah proina -
„ woman
Nienna langhta -
Lowa proina
—
Father
Noonalmeena -
Nanghabee or nan-
ghamee
Feast -
Tuggely petta-
leebea
Tuggety proibee -
Feather -
Fuggerinna
Lowinn^
Feeble
Tuggemboonah -
'Ngattai -
* See the translation of dizzy, also of ej/e.— E. M. C.
646
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE :
Vocabulary of Dialects of Aboriginal Tribes of Tasmania-
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Boyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Feel (to pinch) -
Wughanee -
Winghanee -
—
Fern -
Lawitta-brutea -
Tughanah -
—
Fern-tree -
Nowarraoommi-
nea
Lapoinya
—
Fetch (to bring) -
Knnnywattera -
Kanna watta
—
,, (a spirit) -
Preolenna -
—
—
Fever
Miempeooniack -
Mie luggrata
—
Few -
Luowa
Potalughy^ -
—
Fiend-
Winnya wainet-
tea or miengin-
nya
Winneluaghabaru
Fight -
Miamengana
Moymengana
—
Filth -
Leuymebry^
Lin^ poine noil^ -
—
Fin (of a fish) -
Wunha -
Purgha lamarina ■
—
Finger
Ri-ena
Rye-na
Reeleah,
Fire -
Tonna
'Ngune'
Wiimaleah.
Fire-tail (bird) -
Lyenapontendiah
Lyekah
—
Fire in the bush
Kawurrinna
Lienah
—
grass
Firm (not rotten)
Weerutta -
WeerulU -
—
Firmament (sky)
Warratiima
WarraugaW loruu-
—
Fish (a) -
Mungunua -
na
Peeggana
„ (cray) -
Niinnya -
Nub^ -
Nubjma.
Fist -
Ree-trierrena -
Ree-mutha -
—
Five -
Pugganna -
Marah -
—
Flambeau -
Poorena maneg-
gana
Leewurrfi
—
Flank
Poolominna
Poolumta and tia-
wal^
—
Flea - - -
Lowangerimena -
None -
—
Flay -
Relbooee traw-
mea
Lergara leawarina
—
THE TASMANIANS.
647
VOCABULABY OF DiALECTS OF AbOEIOINAL TkIBES OF TASMANIA—
contimied.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Fleet (swift) -
Wurrangata
poonalareety^
Loongana -
—
Flesh (meat)
Wiaugata -
Palammena -
—
Fling -
Peaw6
PAkara
—
Flint -
Trowutta -
Mungara
—
„ (black) -
.
Mora trona -
—
Float (to) -
Lia ruoluttea -
Puggata or ranny-
—
Flog -
Luggana pooga-
ran6
ana
Lunghana -
—
Flounder(flatfiRh)
Lerunna -
'Ngupota-metee -
—
Flow (as water)-
Lia tarightea
Lia teruttena
—
Fleece (or fur of
Pooeerinna
Longwinny -
—
animals)
Fly (like a bird) -
Koomela -
Coaggara
—
„ (insect)
Mongana -
Monga
—
Foam (froth) -
Kukamena-mena
Lia Uratame
—
Fog -
Mainentayana -
Warratie
Pulangal^.
Foolish (or fool)'-
Mungana paon-
yack
Noilee -
Louneeat^.
Foot -
Luggana -
Lugganai -
Lugh.
„ (right)
Lugga,na elee-
bana
Lugga worina
Malleear^.
„ (left)-
Luggana aoota -
Lugga oangta
Oolatyneeal^.
Pootmark of
Puggalugganna -
Pallowa lugganah
Pah lug.
Black man
Footmark of
Bia luggana
Reea lugganah -
Matyena lugh.
White man
Ford of a river -
Teeattakannawa
Penghana
—
Forehead -
Raoonah or rogo-
unim Uenya
Roee roeerunna -
Biioona.
Forest ground -
Teeatta kanna-
marranah
Wayraparattee -
Pallanyneen^.
648
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Vocabulary of Dialects of Abokiqinal Tribes of Tasmania —
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Forget
Poeenabah -
Wannabayooerack
Lyinneragoo.
Four ■
Pagunta -
Wullyawa -
—
Fragrant (smell) -
Noya leebana -
Poin^ nire -
Polimganoanat^.
Freestone - ' -
Boatta or potha
malleety^
Potta mallya
Poningalee.
Fresh-water
Liena eleebana*
hiemxi-
Li^ nonghat^.
Friend
Kaeetagooana-
Lapoile lu nagree-
Matetd loguat-
menah
nah moolanah
tame.
Frigid (cold)
TiiTinaf.lr -
Malland
'Ptunarra.
Fright
Tian-cottiack -
Tianawilly -
Micumoolaka.
Frog -
Rallah
Tattounepuyna -
Lora.
Frost -
Parattah -
Oorattai
Oolrah.
„ (hoar)
Parattiana -
Oorattai
—
Fuel -
Wielurena -
Ooeena or winna -
Ooee.
Full (after a
Riawaeeack
Ma teelaty -
Mapilriagunara.
meal)
Full (a vessel
Rueeleetipla
Kanna -
Yeaokanara,
filled)
Fun (sport)-
Riawena -
Luggara
Riaw4.
Fundament
Leieena
Loi^ loiuing^
—
Fur of animals -
Pooarenna -
Longwiuny -
Waggel^.
Fury -
Leenangunnye or
koananietya
Liapooneranh
Neenubrulatai.
Gale -
Ralanghta -
Rallana proiena -
Loweeny ruUoi
leah or loweeny
loileah.
Gape -
Granriacunna -
Granua canaibee -
'Ngana kankapea
oolralabeah oa-
Ghost-
Wurrawana
Riawarawapah -
pueeleah.
Teeananga
winn6.
Girl -
Lowana keet-
anna or kotto-
malletye
Longatyl^ -
Noamoloibee.
• Literally, water good,—E. M. C.
THE TASMASriANS.
649
VOCABCLAET OE BlALECTS OF ABORIGINAL TbIBES OE TaSMANIA-
continued.
Engliah.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Bnine Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Glutton -
Lemyouterittya
Pamoonalantutte -
Tuggattapeeatto.
Good person
Kekanna elan-
goonya
Nirree -
Kanna noangat^.
Go - - -
Taw4 -
Tawkwdbee -
Taw^.
Good (things) -
Noona meena
Ooraimabil^ -
Noonamoy.
Goose (wild)
Weienterootya -
None -
None.
Gosling
Kaeeta boena
—
—
Grandmother -
Lowan karei-
Ooaimena or wye-
Neenambee.
mena
mena
Grass -
Rouninna -
Nemon^
Probluah.
Great-bellied
Lowallaomnena -
Paggata lowatta
Lomalle^.
(with child)
lutta
Green
Norabeetya
Nobeetya mallya •
Mallabeabu.
Greeting (a)
Yah ! tahwatty-
wa !
Yah ! nun'oynd -
Yah!
Grin (to make
Monapaooniack
Moyetungali
Boabenneetea.
faces)
paareetye
Grinder (back
Wuggarinna
Payelughana
Yennaloigh.
tooth)
ryana
Gristle
Comyenna -
W^yal^
P&gai.
Groin -
Mungalarrina -
Tramina
Tarrant.
Ground
Pyengana -
Mannina
Nattie.
Grow (as a tree,
Myallanga bou-
Mangapoier^
Mallacka.
child)
rack
Growl
Na,nn^aquanhe -
Nunnaquaima-
Dyekkanamee-
peiere
nera.
Grub - -
Menia or mung-
wenya
Larraminnia
Langw^.
Gull - - -
Lueeteianna
Lieppetah -
Payngh.
Gulp (to) -
Tongwamma
Tongan^
Tonnabea.
Gum(wattle-tree)
Munganna -
Eeeatta
Reeattawee.
Gum-tree (Euca-
Lottah
Moonah
Loyk^.
lyptus)
650
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE;
VOCABULABY OF DiALECTS OF ABORIGINAL TeIBES OF TASMANIA —
continued.
■ English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Gums (of the
"Ngenna -
CArena - - -
Kattamoy.
mouth)
Gun (musket) -
Leryna or le
langta
Pawleena -
RulM.
Gunpowder
Lerytiana -
Pawleenatiana -
Lughtoy.
Glow-worm, or
Puggangalewa or
Payaleena -
—
phosphorescence
monghtamena
Hen (native)
Mienteroonye -
Riaooon^
Reeakallingalle.
Hold your tongue,
My-elbeerkam-
Kanna moonalan^
Wannabee or
be patient, by-
maor-mealkam-
mentakuntiby or
kannebo.
and-by
mah
konnyab
Hail -
Pratteratta
Tur^lai
—
Hair -
Poinglyenna
Poiet^ longwinne
—
,, (matted
Poinghana -
Poina -
—
with ochre)
Halo (round the
Weetaboona
Panoggata -
—
moon)
Halt (limponleg)
Ungunniack
'Nganee
—
Ham or hough -
Pryenna -
Tabba -
—
Hamstring (the)-
Metta
Tapmita
—
Hand-
Riena
Reemutta
—
Harlot
Pugganatingana
or meneterut-
tye
Patingana -
Hastily (quickly)
Lemya or tug- ,
gana
Coth^ -
Hawk
Nierrina -
Pengana
—
Head -
Oolumpta -
Poiet^ -
—
Headache -
Oongena liaok -
Poiete merede and
poingata
—
Heal -
Raick bourrack -
Nir^ -
—
Heap (to make) -
Prokny nunty
mente
Teeat^ -
—
THE TASMANIAJTS.
651
Vocabulary of Dialects of Abokiginal Teibes of Tasmania-
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Kttwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
Nori;h-west and
Western.
Hear (to) -
Toienook boo-
rack
WAyee -
—
Heart-
Teeackaaa war-
rana
Teggana
—
Heat -
Peooniac -
Lughrah
—
Heave (to pant) -
Tengoonyack
Teggalughrata
—
Heavy
Miemooatick
Moorah
—
Heel -
Tokana or tog-
gana
Tokana
—
Help -
Nelumie -
Lagrah
—
Hide (to conceal
Lyeemena kamei
Muggrah
kangaroo)
Hide one's self -
Mur kamiah
Muggrah
—
Hill (little one) -
Poimena -
Layet^ paawd
—
„ (mountain) -
Poimena tyen-
kanganarrah
tienare warrah
Layet^ proigh
Hit -
Menny
Merrh^
—
Hither and
Pughawee nya-
Tackra, tungal^,
—
thither
wee
tungal^
Hoar-frost -
Tyeebertia crao-
kana
Warattai
"
Hoarse
Lonypeack
Lonnabeead^
—
Hole (like wom-
Lowa lengana -
'Ngeanah
—
bat burrow)
Hot -
Peooniack -
Lughrata
—
House
Lenna
Line -
—
Howl (in distress,
Tuggermacama
Coekata
— ■
like a dog)
or myluggana
Humid (wet,
Malleeack -
Layekah
—
damp)
Hunger
Meeoongyueack -
Teecotte
—
Husband -
Puggan neena -
Pah-neena -
~
652 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VoCABUIiABT OF DIALECTS OF AbOEIOINAIi TfilBES OF TASMANIA-
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Hurt (with spear)
Mayannee raye-
Roaddah
, —
„ (with waddie)
ree
Payalee
Loipun4
—
Ice ' -
Paratta
RuUai imgaratin^-
Ralloileah.
111 (sick) -
Crackanaeeack -
M&ddd and mery-
dyneh
Managanurrah.
Imp -
Winyawaumetya
Ria warapp^ noiW
—
Impatient -
Telwangatea leah
Kannamoonalann^
—
Inactive (indo-
Meallee touerra-
Rannah moorinah
—
lent)
getta
Indolent (lazy) -
Mimooneka nen-
taoa nepoony
Rannah moorinah
"^
Infant
Malangenna
Puggetta
—
„ (female) -
.
Lowa luggeta
—
„ (newly
Cotruoluttye
Puggata riale
Lapoitale or la-
born)
poittendayl^.
Inform (to tell) -
Oana -
Oanganah -
—
„ (tell me)-
Oana mia -
Ongaua meepa
—
Instant (quick) -
Krottee
Koatt^
—
Instep
Lugga poola
mena
Lugga umen6
— •
Intimidate -
Tienoooty^
Tienweal4 -
—
Intersect -
Unginnapuee
Poany puer^
—
Intestines -
Tiacrakena
Lomatina
—
Invigorate -
Neingtera tero-
ontee
—
—
Jawbone -
Yangena ■
Wahba and wab-
ranna
Ninenna leah.
Jealous
Pachabrea -
Mahrewealai and
—
longhe
poin^wealai
Jerk -
Co-uW
Cokura . -
—
Juice of a plant
Miangatenty^ -
Miengaleena
—
(red)
THE TASMANIANS.
653
VOCABULABT OF DIALECTS OF AbORIGINAI, TeIBES OF TASMANIA —
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Reoberohe Bay, and
the South of Tasmania
North-west and
Western.
Juice of a plant
Tuggara malee-
Taramena -
(white)
ty6
Jump -
Wughallee-
Warrakara -
—
Juvenile -
Croatta meleety^
—
—
Keep -
Tialapu^ -
Tiagarra
—
Kill (deprive of
Mien^miento
Lungana
—
life)
Kiss (to) -
MiewalW -
Moee mir^ -
—
Elnee -
Mienna
Ranga -
Rawinna leah.
Kneel
MealW mianaber-
Leetarangah
Wannabaya ra-
r^
minnaerybee.
Knuckle -
Reekateninna -
Ria puggana
Releenula leah.
Kangaroo (brush)
Lyenna
Lena -
Ku leah.
(ioie) -
Tumnanna -
Rarryna
Piaclumm^.
J) " "
Nawitty^ -
Tarra na
Tarr leah.
Lad -
Puggannaeree-
bana
Pa-ga-taUna-
Lake (lagoon) -
Miena, mena
Lia mena
—
Lame -
Playwarrungana
Luggamntte or
raggamuttah
—
Lance (wooden
Perenna -
Pena -
—
spear)
Large (big)
Pawpela -
Proina nughabah -
—
Last (to walk last
Loente wannela -
Mituggara mura-
—
in file)
wamena
Laugh
Poeenyeggana -
Poenghana -
Peninna.
Lax (diarrhoea) -
Tiacloinnamena -
Tia noileh -
—
Lazy (see Indo-
Mienoyack
Ru^td -
Rudanah,
lent)
Leaf -
Porutty^ -
Proi^ -
Parocheboina.
Leafless
Poruttye-mayeck
and paruye-
noye-maeck
Paroytimena
Parochyateemna.
654
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VoCABtTLABT OF DIALECTS OF ABORiaiNAL TeIBES OF TASMANIA —
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
EoJ'al, Bnine Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasbania.
North-west and
Western.
Lean
Tughenapoonyac
'Ngattai -
'Ngatta.
Leap (see Jump)
Waighalleh
Wurragara -
—
Leech
Pyenna
Pangah
Liawena.
Left hand -
Riena-aoota
'Ngotta
Oottamutta.
Leg (left)'- -
Leoonyana -
Luggunagoota
Luggrangootta.
„ (right)- -
Leoonyaeleebana
Warrina nir^
Luggra-nird.
Lick (with the
Neungulee -
Nugra mainre
—
tongue)
Light of a fire -
Tonna kayinna -
-
Unamayna.
Lightning -
Poimetty^ -
Poimataleena
Rayeepoinee.
Limp (see Tiame)
Wughmia elee-
—
—
right foot
bana
Limp (left foot) -
Playwughreua -
Raggamuttah
—
Load -
Mangeluhwa
Munghe mabbely -
—
Lobster (fresh-
Tayatea
Tay-a-teh -
—
water)
Log (wood)
Wyee langhta -
Weea proingha -
—
Long -
Rogoteleebana -
RotuU -
—
Look (to gaze) -
Reliquamma
Lutubrenem^
—
Loud (to speak) -
Kuggana langhta
Kann^ proine wag-
gaba
—
Low -
Lunta
Pranako
— .
Lie (falsehood)
Manengtyangha
tyangamoneeny
rappar^
Linughd noili
"
Locust (V.D.L.)-
Ganammeny^
Ganemmanga
Row^ leah.
Long way -
Murramajiattya
ouamarumpto
Noina muttaina -
—
Maria Island
Tiarramarramo-
nah
Tiarerrymeealonah
—
Magpie
Poierrynienna -
Reninna
CurraillyM.
Maim
Mennanwee
—
—
Man (Black) -
Pugganua -
Pallawah
Pah-leah.
THE TASMANIANS.
655
VOCABTJLABY OF DlAlECTS OF AbOKIGINAL TbIBBS OF TASMANIA —
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
;he South of Tasmania,
North-west and
Western.
Marrow
Moomelinah
Lebrana
Me - - -
Mina -
Meenah
— "
Menstruate
Teebra wangha-
tamena
—
—
Midday (or noon)
Tooggy malangta
Toina wunnah
—
Milk (of aborigi-
Proogwallah
Prooga neannah -
—
nal woman)
Milt of fish
Lowalinnamelah
Perina -
—
Mirth
LeeneaW -
Penamoonalane -
—
Mischief -
Puoynoback
Tannate
—
Moon - - -
Wiggetena -
Weetah
Weenah leah.
Moonlight -
Wiggetapoona -
Weetapoona-
Weenapooleah.
Moss -
Lagowunnah
—
—
Mother
Neingmenna
Neeminah -
Neena moygh.
Moth-
Commeneana
—
—
Mouse
Terangat6 mu-
Pugganarottah -
Ptoarah leah.
Mouth
nuggana
Kakannina
Kaneinah
Kapoughy leah.
Mud, sediment -
Kokereakokelee-
ty6
Manannywayleh -
'
Murmur -
Mannyaquanee -
Kanaroiluggata -
—
Mushroom -
Neatyranna
Neirana
—
Mole-cricket
Nawywemena -
—
—
Mutton-bird
YoUa -
YoUa -
—
(sooty petrel)
Mutton-flsh
Magrannyah
—
■ —
(smooth)
Mutton-fish
Yowarrenah
—
—
(rough)
Mount Eoyal
-
Tulun^
—
(country inter-
vening between
there and Port
Cygnet)
656
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABTJLART OF DiAlBCTS OF ABORIGINAL TeIBES OF TaSMANIA-
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Eecherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Nail (finger)
Tonye
Ryeetony^ -
Wante leah.
., (toe) - -
Peyerrena -
Lugga-tonny^
Perrarmme.
Navel
Mienanuggana -
Tunoh
—
Near ...
Malumnyella
R4n^ -
—
Nautilus shell
Wietatenana
Weettah
Weena runnah.
(Argonauf)
Nettle
Miatowunna-
meena
Miny -
—
Nest (bird's)
Malunna -
Liai -
—
„ (little
.
Pund lind
—
bird's)
Never
Noye myack or
noeeack
Tirneh or tuny
—
New (not old) -
Oroatte -
BoiM -
—
Night
Tagruaunena
Nun6 -
Dayna leah.
Nip (to pinch) -
Reloy^ tonyer^ -
Rddeekatah -
—
Nipple
Prugga poyeenta
Pruggapogenna -
—
No -
Parra garah
Timeh, or timy, or
pothyack
Mallya leah.
Noise -
Kukanna walla-
monyack
Kanna -
—
Nose -
Mununa -
Muye or muggenah
Muanoigh.
Now (at this
Croattee -
time)
Ochre (red)
Ballawin^
Ballawin^ -
.
One-* -
Marrawah -
Marrawah -
_
Orphan
KoUyenna -
Wah-witteh -
Outside
Tuleuteena
Pratty-toh -
Owl (large)
Tryeenna -
Kokatah
Tayaleah,
kokanualeah.
,, (little one) -
Laoona
Wawtronyte
—
* It is to be remarked that the translations of 1 and 2 agree very weU in these vocabu-
laries, but that those of 3, 4, and 6 disagree.— E. M. C.
THE TASMANIANS.
657
VOCABTJLART OE DiALECTS 0^ ABORIGINAL .TrIBBS OF TASMANIA —
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Kttwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Oyster Bay
—
High land behind
Pottry munatta -
—
—
Oyster Bay
Opossum (black)
Nualangtamab-
Tonytah
Temytahtemyta
bena
malughlee.
(ringtail)
Tarripnyenna -
Pawtella
Pawtellunna
nuckelah.
,, (mouse)
Lowowyeima
Leena -
Papnoolearah.
Ore of iron, iron
Latta
Lattawion^ -
—
glance (used by
the aborigines
as a black paint)
Pain -
Crackanyeack -
Mayrude
—
Pahn of the hand
Rielowolingana -
Reea-rarra -
—
Parrot
Cruggana -
Cruddah
—
Parrakeet -
Welleetya
Wellya
—
Paw -
Luggantereena -
Togga-n^ -
—
Peak (St. Valen-
.
-
Natone.
tine's)
Peak (a hill) -
Poymalangta
Letteen^
—
Pelican
Treoontalangta -
Toyn^
— ■
Penguin -
Tomenyenna
Tong- Wynne -
—
Perspire -
Regleetya -
Laywurroy -
—
Pet (pettish) -
Lowabereelonga
Poyneh
—
Pigeon
Mooaloonya
Mootah
—
Place (a) -
Lenna
Lin^h
—
„ (this) -
.
Tiin^ poynena
—
Plant
Mellangbourack
—
—
Play -
LyaneW
Luggarrah -
—
Point of spear -
Poyeenta -
Poyeenna
—
Pool or lagoon -
Mienameena
Kannah
—
Porcupine -
Mungyenna
Mungy^
Mungynna ka-
nagale.
2 T
658
THE AUSTRALIAN BACK
VOCABULABY OF DIALECTS OF ABOKIGINAL TbIBBS OF TASMANIA-
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Porpoise -
Minga-oinyah -
Poyrennah -
—
Pregnant -
Lowalloomanye-
nea
Lomatilutta -
-
Prickly -
Mona-meenee -
Moyn^na
—
Punk
WuUugbetye
Rarra -
—
Pebble rolled
Kughaweenya -
Tramutta
—
quartz
Piper's River dis-
Oramakunna
Oramakanna
—
trict
Port Davey
.
Poinduc
—
Penis
Lubra, mattah-
prenna
Leena -
Pubes (mons ve-
Maga
Maga,ria
—
neris)
Quaflf (drink) -
Lowelly -
Nugarah
—
Quail
Terranguatta -
T^na terrangutta
Tena teewarrah.
Quiet
—
—
—
Run together
R^niS nunempt^ -
Loongana -
—
(race)
.
Rage -
Neoongyack
Leecot^ .
—
Rain -
Pokana or pog-
ana
Porrah -
„ (heavy) -
Prog^a-langtha -
Porra - - -
—
Rainbow -
Weeytena -
Wayatih
—
Rascal
Nowettye-elee-
bana
Pawee - - -
—
Rat - - -
Lyinganena
Tooarrana -
—
Ray (stingaree) -
Leranna -
Pirem6
—
Red -
Tendyagh or
tentya
Koka -
—
Repair
Trulee
Peruggareh -
—
Respire
Tyackanoyack -
Taykalyngana
-
Retch (to vomit)
Nutyack -
Nukatah
—
THE TASMANIANS.
659
VOCABTTLABY OF DIALECTS OF ABORIGINAL TbIBES OF TASMANIA —
continiKd.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Rib -
Tolameena
Ten6 -
Rise -
Takumuna -
Peggaruggarua -
—
Eipe -
Crang-boorack -
Pegarah
—
Root (tree)
Remeenyd -
Monalghaua or
pughweady
~~
River (little)
Menace keetan-
nah
Lia-pootah -
Rock (large)
Lonah or loel-
anghta
Loynee broyee
Rod (small)
Weenah keetan-
nah
Weea pawee -
. "
Roll (to) -
-
Wangana weepoo-
tah
Roe of fish -
Leena bunna
—
—
Rotten wood
Tr^oratick -
Tawnah
—
Rough
Payralyack
RulM
—
Round like a ball
Mieawiack
Mattah
—
Row (a long one)
Raondeleeboa -
Reekara
—
Rub (rub in fat) -
Mimga.TiTiemoee -
Ruggarra
—
Ruddy cheeks -
Miypooetanyack,
Koka -
—
-
mientendyack
Run -
Ren^ -
Legara - - -
—
Rush -
.
Roba -
—
Ringlets (cork-
Pow-ing-aroote-
Poeena -
Poenghana.
screws, with red
leebana
ochre)
Sexual inter-
Loanga metea or
—
—
course
poanga metea
Sea-horse (Hip-
Lay-an-unea
Poolta -
—
pocampus)
Salt on the rocks
Lienowittye,
—
by the sea side
liopackanapoona
Sand -
Mungara mena -
'Nguna-
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABULABY OF DiALBCTS OF AbOBIOINAL TRIBES OF TASMANIA—
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Koyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Sap -
Miangatentya,
mianginalleetya
—
—
,, (milk white)
Poor-wallena
—
—
Scab -
Loryomcna or
loiamena
Lowid^
Scales (of fish) -
Poerinna -
Lowinna
Nangeimamoi.
Soar -
Trugatepoona -
Mungerapoona
Toolengennaleah.
Scarify
Lowoon^ -
Towatt^
—
Scent
Mebryack -
PoanoiW
—
Scratch
Larr^ -
Larr^ -
—
Sea (ocean)
Lienna wuttya
and lyaleetea
Panamuna -
Leah U.
Seal (Phaca),
Naweetya
Wayanna (white
—
black, on Sandy
belly)
beach)
Seal (black, on
Pienrenya -
—
—
rocks, white-
bellied)
Seal(3andybeach)
Prematagomo-
neetya
—
See (to behold) -
Mongtone -
Nubraton^ -
—
Serious (sad gaze)
Lelgany-guonga -
Manatta ruUa
—
Serpent
Loieua or lounabe
Loina -
Rau-anah.
Shallow -
Waylearack
Rohet^
—
Shadow
Wurrawina tietta
Maydena - .
Belanyleah.
Sharp (like a
Lyetta
Nenah -
—
knife)
Sheoak-tree
Luggana-brenna
Luh-be
—
Skin -
Lurentanena
Lurarunna -
—
Ship -
Lotomalangta loo-
Lun6 poina mak-
Loallyb^.
mena
kaba
Shore -
Malompto
Locoota
—
,, (sandy beach]
Koynaratingana -
—
—
THE TASMANIANS.
661
VOCABULAET OF DIALECTS OP ABORIGINAL TeIBES OF TASMAKIA —
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Kecherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Go ashore
.
Taw^ loccoto
Shoulder -
Puggarenna
Parangana -
—
Shout (yell)
Kukanna wurra-
renna
Palla-kanna -
Shower (of rain
Pokanna kuanna
Tungatinah -
—
Shrub
Tarra coonee
Tarrara manniS -
—
Sick
Miorackanyach,
miycracknata-
reetya
Mim&ed^ -
Side (the) -
Lietelinna
Taynna
—
Sinew (kangaroo)
Metah (met-ah) -
Mitah -
—
Sing -
Lyenny
Lyenn^
—
Shag (cormorant)
Moora
Moora -
—
Sing a song
Lyenny riacunna
—
—
Sink -
Tomla, tome,
boorcka
"
~
Sit down -
Mealpugha-
—
—
Sister
Nowantareena -
—
—
Skin -
Tarra meenya -
—
—
Skull -
Pruggamoogena -
—
—
Sleep -
Lony -
—
—
,, (very sound;
—
—
—
Smile -
Pughoneoree
—
—
Smoke
Progoona or proo-
ana
Sneeze
Lonughutta
—
—
Smooth
Panninya -
—
—
Snail -
—
( —
—
Snore -
Teakanarraloneah
Roggara
—
Snake
Loiena
Loinah
Rounna rawan-
nah, pallawa
royanah, roal-
labeah.
662
THE AUSTRALIAN EACE :
VOCABULAKY OV DiALECTS OF ABOKIGINAL TkIBES OF TaSMANIA-
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
. Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Bnine Island,
Becberche pay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Snow -
Parattianah
Turrana
Sole (of foot) -
Lug-yenna
Lugga-lunnah
—
Song -
Biaeunnah -
Lunariabe -
Riacannah.
Soon -
Leemya
Koth6 -
—
Snow -
Paratta
—
—
Son -
Malangena -
Puggatah -
—
Sour -
No-wiyack
Nolle - -
—
Spark
Tonypeprinna -
Powitt^
Pughweenyna
weimyale.
Spawn
Manunghana
Manungana -
—
Spear (wood)
Perenna -
Pe-na - - -
Pana, pilhah.
Spew -
Nuka
Nukara
Nugryna.
Speak
Pueellakanny
Poeerakunnabeh -
Pooraeaimaby.
Spider
Tangana -
Waytanga -
—
Spine -
Myingeena ter-
rena
Tuherarunnah
—
Spit -
Tyackaree-meena
Kamena meena -
Kaimonamoee.
Sport (play)
Riawena -
Riaw^ - - .
Riaw^ wayboree.
Spring (wattle
Pewenya poeena
Luggarato paw6 -
Lughra-pawee.
blossom season)
Squall
Balangta -
Rallana proee
Raali poyngnah.
Stamp (with the
Taoonteckapd -
Taoonteckap^
—
foot)
Stand (stand up)
Taokamuna
Cracka-wughata -
Pegrettywergho.
Starlight -
Teahbertyaerack-
Oarattih
—
Shooting star
na
Puggareetya
Pachareah -
Star -
Teahbrana -
Romtenah -
Rhomdunna or
miabeemenah
Steal -
Maneena langa-
tick
Maneena layaw^ -
—
Step -
Luggana marah -
Luggacanna -
—
Stomach -
Teenah -
Teena
Teenah.
THE TASMANIANS.
663
VOCABULAEY OP DiAlECTS OF AjBOEIGINAL TRIBES OF TASMANIA-
continued.
■ English.
Tribea from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Eeoherohe Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Stone
Loautenuina
Loinah, lonna
Loind.
Stoop
Puggana narrat-
yaok
?uggananarrangab^
—
Stop -
Poyeer^
Kuneeam^ -
—
Straight -
Ungoyeleebana -
Tunghabd -
—
Strike
Luggana golumpt^
Lunghana -
—
Strong
Oyngteratta
RuUa ruUanah
RamanarraW.
Stump of a tree -
Pomya kunnah -
Ortawenah -
Weealynghana.
Stupid
Koallangatick -
Oyelarraboo -
Wayeelarraboo or
puggytemoorah.
Sun -
Pugganoobra nah
Pallanubra nah -
Panubrynah,
pukkanebrenah
tonah leah.
Suck -
MoW
MokrA prugh
—
SuUen
Lowattobeolo ka-
kannete monna
periuna Iowa
peree longha
Poininna
Summer -
Wingytellangta -
Lughoratoh -
Sunrise
Puggalena par-
Panuboine roeela-
rack boorack
poerack
Sunset
Wiety tongmena -
Panubra tongoiee-
rali
Suspiration (sigh)
Teangonyack -
Takon^
—
Survivor -
Lugga poerannea
—
Swallow {a bird)
Waylelimna
Papalawe
„ (act of
Tony quamma -
Tonganah
deglutition)
Swan
Kelangunya
Pagherittah -
Sweat
Malleeack reg-
leetya reglee
poona
Leghromina -
Swell -
Lienyack -
Lineh -
Swim -
Puggely -
Pughrah
664
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABULAET OP DiALECTS OP ABORIGINAL TkIBES OF TaSMANIA-
ccmlimjied.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Switch
Tarra koona
Tarraweenah
Tail -
Manna poonee -
Pugghnah -
—
Take -
Nunn6
Nunnabeh -
—
Talk -
Pueelcanny
Poieta kannabeh -
—
Tall -
Takkaro deleea-
bano righ elee-
bana
Rotulih
Talon -
Kuluggarua
Kuhluggana
—
Tame -
Riaputheggana -
Tiagropoineena -
—
Tarantula (large
Ne-ungalangta -
Temmatah -
—
spider)
Taste -
Wughn^ -
Ween6
—
Teal -
Ryennatiabroo-
tea
Weahwanghrutah
—
Tear -
Tagarrena -
Tarragatt^ -
—
Teat -
-
Pruggana
—
Teeth -
Wugherrinna -
—
—
Thirsty
Rukannaroon-
yack
Kukannaroite^ -
—
Throw
Myengy -
Menghana -
—
Thumb
Rianaoonta
Ryanaootta -
—
Thumb-nail
Tony^
Toiena
—
Thunder -
Poimettya -
Papatongun^
—
Tick -
Loangaritea
Prammannah
—
Tie (a knot)
Kukannaboee -
Pilangootah -
—
Tide . -
Luggatick -
Lughruttah -
—
Tiger (V.D.L.)
Lagunta -
Ka-nuTinah -
—
{ThyJacinus cy-
nocephahis)
Timber (large) -
Wyelaugta
Wee a proinah -
—
,, (small) -
Wyena
We'rapaw^ -
—
Tired -
Pryennemkoot-
tiack
Kakara wayalee -
"
THE TASMANIANS.
665
VOCABULAKT OP DlAlECTS OF AbOKIOINAL TbIBES OF TASMANIA—
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Eecherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Three
Lea winnawah -
Talleh
Toothless -
Wugherinna nor-
myak
Payeatimy -
—
Tooth
Wughrinna
Pay-ee-a
—
Talk (much
Mealpeal kamma
Kukanna moona-
speaking)
or kukannah
lane, or kunrare,
li&eah
or kunmoonera
Tongue
Kayena
Menn^, or mayna,
or maynerinah
—
Top
Tulendeeno
Waghata
—
Topaz (crystal)
Tendeagh -
Mughra mallee -
—
Tor (apeaked hill)
Poymalyetta
Layattinnah
—
Torch
Poorena moneg-
gana
Lee wurr^ -
Touch
Neungpa -
Wingauah -
—
Touch-wood (rot-
Weitree ouriatta
Weeawanghratta -
—
ten wood)
Tough
Lughteeac -
RulU ^
—
Track (footmark)
Puggataghana
and tughana-
loumeno
Luggaboin^ -
Ti-ample (to) -
Tyentiah -
Teeantibe -
_
Transfix (to)
Myenny-pinga-
ter-reluteo
Menaoitete -
Travel
Tackamoona
Tackramoonina -
—
Tree -
Loatta
—
—
„ (fall of a) -
Poengboorack -
Moona punganse -
—
Tremble -
Mieniutyac
Tien^w^leh -
—
Trickle
Kukkamena
meena
Truggara
True -
Gonyneealeebya
'Nghana kannanir^
—
Try (to) - -
Wughne^ -
Ween4 -
—
Tug (to, at a rope
Koy-ule
Kottub^
—
or string)
666
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABULAEY OP DIALECTS OP ABOEIOINAL TkIBES OF TaSMANIA-
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania.
North-west and
■ Western.
Tumble
Mientongka
Mieparragama
—
Turn (to) -
Wughannamee -
Miewangana
—
Tusk (canine
Wuggerinnarota-
Payee, & rotyW -
—
tooth)
leebana
Twig - - -
Loatta keetana -
Weea wunna
—
Twins
Maiynabyeck
Meinna-na -
—
Twilight -
Teggrymony
keetana narra
longboorack
Nunto ueenah
Twirl (twist) -
Wughannemoe
Oaghra
—
Twitch (pluck) -
KoM -
Ko-kra
—
Two -
Pia wah -
Pooalih
—
Ugly- -- -
Mowatty nielee-
baua
Noailee nuggabah
—
Urine
Mungana -
Munghate mungha-
beh
—
Uxorious -
Lowa puggelan-
—
nye
Vale or valley -
Ma-ra cominya
Mara-way-lee
—
Vanish
Poyena potatty-
ack
Tlembugh -
Vassal (serf)
Pueetoggana
mena
Potaigroee narana
—
Venomous -
Ree punner^
Nunghboorack
—
nunghapa
nungabah
Venom
Maria mena
Kamona moina -
—
Vent -
Loa lingana
'Ngeenah
—
Vertex
Toganee
Togari -
—
Warratah (plant
Kiuntah
—
—
Telopea trun-
cata)
Wallaby -
Lukangana
TarRnna
Noguoyleah.
Warm even to
Reggooleetya
Lewurra moina -
—
perspiration
THE TASMAJSTIANS.
667
VOCABULABY OP DiALECTS OF ABORIGINAL TulBBS OF TaSMANIA-
continued.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Royal, Bruiie Island,
Rfichercbe Bay, and
the South of Tasmania,
North-west and
Western.
Water (fresh) -
Liena-
Liawenee
Lia winne and
lileah.
„ (cold) -
Lietinna
Liawenee
—
„ (warm) -
Liena peoonya or
liena peeonyack
Lialughrana -
—
Wood, firewood -
Wiena andwuma,
Muggra web^ and
mattaweb^
—
WoTna,Ti
Lowanna -
Ne-eanta and! low-
anna
Nowaleah.
„ (handsome)
Loanna eleebana
Loa-nir6 lyady-
—
and loa niry
waiaok
„ (young) -
Krotto meleety^
Loalla puggana -
—
„ (adult) -
Puggya malleet-
ya
Longatallinah
'
„ (aged, old)
Payanna -
Nena ta poiena -
—
Wombat -
Raoompta ro-
woomata
Rowitta
~
Wake
Lientiack -
Weeny
—
Wade
Woimenniae
Mowerrenah
—
Wail (to lament)
Tegryma kan-
nunya
Moeluggrana
Waist
Pooalminna
Pooaryumena
—
Wait
Myelpoyer^
Krattab^ -
—
Walk
Tahlyooner^
Lawtaboorana
—
War -
Kennamoimenya
Moimenganmabeli
—
„ (skirmish.
Marana
Moeemuttd -
—
one or two
kUled)
War (battle, all
Moeelughawa -
MoeemabbyM
—
killed but one
or two)
Warm
Peoonyaok
Lughreto
—
Wart
Cr^man poena -
Ta winn6
~
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
VOCABTOAEY OF DiALBCTS OP ABORIGINAL TkIBES OF TASMANIA —
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Eecherche Bay, and
the South of Tasmania,
North-west and
Western.
Wash (to) -
Nonebnoi
Mannugra -
—
Wattle-tree
'Nghearetta
Manna
—
Wave
Legleetya men-
gyna
Leaturi
Weak
Koomyenna
Mia wayleh -
—
Weed
Pannabon brut-
ty^
Tallaratai -
Weep
Tagarramena
Tarra wayleh
—
Well (spring) -
Loy-ulena
'Ngyena
—
Wet (rainy)
May-niack
Lay-ka
—
What ?
Telingha? tebya?
Pallawaleh?-
Tarraginna?
What's that ? -
Telmgha? -
—
—
When andwhere?
Namelah naye-
leh?
Wabbara ? -
—
Wherefore, speak
—
—
—
low, let nobody
hear
Whisper -
Kukana punye-
Poeta kantia pa-
—
para
waybah
Whistle -
Purra kunna
Munnakanua
Plubeah.
White
Malleety^
Mallee
Mungyanghgar-
rah.
Whiz (like a ball,
'Ngona kunna -
Payngunnana or
Nangoinuleah,
&o.)
poyngunna kunna
Whore, fomi-
-
Panubr^ mabbyM
—
catrix
Widow
Wurrawa no-
atty^, wurrawa
lowanna
Nena tura tena -
"
Wife (newly mar-
Kroatta langu-
Poyalanun^-
Waggapoony-
ried)
nya
nurrah.
Wind
Rawlinna
Rallinganunn^ -
Lewan.
„ (high) -
Raalanghta
Eallinga proiena -
^
Lewanhock.
THE TASMANIANS.
Vocabulary op Dialects of Abokiqinal Tribes of Tasmania —
contirmed.
English.
Tribes from Oyster
Bay to Pittwater.
Tribes about Mount
Eoyal, Brune Island,
Recherche Bay, and
the South o( Tasmania.
North-west and
Western.
Windpipe -
Lonna
Lonna and loar-
inna
—
Wing
Poilinna
Maykana pounghra
—
Wink
Mentroiaok
Nubra rottd -
—
Winter -
Tunna
Turra
—
Wrinkle -
Niangt^ nepoony
Pelanypooneh
—
Wrong
Miengana -
Nuyeko
—
Wrist
Rapoolmena
Riapoolurapta
—
Woe's me, ah me
Paygra waylea-
beh kum leah
Taqueat^
Yawn
Granna kunna -
Leakanny -
—
Yes -
Murramoona,
Narra warrah, nar-
Narro barro.
narrawallee
raway narra lua-
wah
Yesterday
Nfetegga men-
yena
Neea nunnawa
—
You -
Neena
Neena or nee
—
Young (little)
Kaeetenna mal-
Puggata paweena
—
boy
lang yenna
Young (little)
Lowanna kaee-
—
—
girl
tenna
SHORT SENTENCES IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE.
Give me a stone
Give him a stone
I give you some water
I will not give you any water
You give me food
You do not give me food -
- Lona or loina tyennabeah mito.
- Lonna tyennamibeah.
- Liaa tyennamibeah.
- Noia meahteang meena neeto Imah.
- Tyennabeah tuggen^.
- Noia meah teang meena neeto
tuggen^.
670 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Short Sentences in the Native Language — continued.
Give me some bread- - - - Tyenna miapd pamiaboona, or teen-
gananna ma pannaboo, or tunghm-
bib^ tungaringaleah.
We will give you a stick - - - Tyennamibeah weena.
We will not give you a stick - - Noia tyennamibeah weena.
Give me some bread to eat, I am Teeanymiape tuggand, meeongy-
hungry neeom^, or teeanymeiape teeaoot-
tym'na, or teeampiap^ matughala
mapilrecottai.
This is my hand . - . - Reena narrawa !
Sing a song - - . i - - Lyeimd riakunna or rialinghana.
Where is your father ? - - - Ungamlea nangdena ?
My father is here . . - . Nangamea numb^.
He is my father . . - . Nangamea uumb^.
He is not my father - - - - Miangunana.
Tell your father of this - - - Onnabea nangato.
We go to see the river - - - Nialomiah manaiah.
I like to drink the water - - - Monna langarrap^.
I make the boat go fast Parapeitaleebea malanna talea war-
rangat^.
The ship goes upon the sea - - Tiretya teeakalummala.
The waves make the sea rough - - Leea Ibetyah poinummeah.
You see the sea over the hill - - RoogoomaM linoiyack.
Go down from the hill - - - Rongtan^ tyungerawa.
Run over the ground - - . - Ringipyanganaweber^.
Do not run along the road - - Parraw^ ringap^.
The man feeds the dog - - - Ty^nnabeah kaeetabeah.
The woman makes a basket - - Lowanna olM tubbrana.
The woman is very fair - - - Lowa maleetya.
The child eats his food . - . Teeana malangeebeah.
The child is small - - - . Malangeebeah.
The horse runs on the ground - - Pangooueah r^ne pateleebea.
The horse kicks the child - - - Pangooneah paraingumenah.
One ------- Marrawah.
Two Piawah.
Three ------ Luwah.
Four - - - PaguntawuUiawah.
Five ------- Pugganna marah.
I shall go to my house - - - Tugganna lunameatah.
I strike the horse - - - - Pella pangooneah.
Touch his hand ----- Rientonnabeah.
Do not touch his hand - - - Tall^ talld parraw^.
THE TASMANIANS.
671
Short Sentences in the Native Language— con^mwed.
Cut down the tree
Tell him to go to the house
Speak to the man - - .
He is in the house - - .
They jump over the river -
They walk through the river
Run along the side of the river -
They swim in the river
They sink in the river
We drink water . - .
He cuts his hair with flint
My brother has a long arm
My sister is very tall
He has two children - - -
Take a stick and beat the dog -
The dog is beaten with a stick -
The sun is rising - - -
The sun is set already
The moon is risen - -
The moon is not seen
The moon is behind the cloud -
You stand behind the tree
They climb up the tree
The swan swims in the water -
The water is very warm
The water is not warm
Salt-water - - - - -
Fresh-water . - - -
He is a good man
He is a bad man
Come and drink the water
This water is salt
That water is fresh -
Milk comes from the cow -
Send him to get milk
I saw the tree yesterday -
I have cut my finger -
He limps with one leg
He sees with one eye
My face is very black
Make the horse run fast -
- Ungana puy^ lot^.
- Tall^ lenutoo.
- Oonah beah.
- Lunaretah.
- Wuggala menaye.
- Yang^ menay6.
- Taw^ rant^ weber^.
- Puawd menay^.
- Tong^ menay^.
- Loa liy^.
- Tuggana pugheranymee trautta.
- Nietta mena oon root' elebena.
- Nienta mena tuggara root' eleebana.
- Malang-piawah.
- Tial wee pella kaeeta.
- Pella kaeetah naootamena.
- Puggule^na partebara.
- Puggule^na toomla pawa.
- Ooeeta poona.
- Ooeeta mayangti byeack.
- Ooeeta toggana warratena lunta.
- Mangana lutena.
- Orong^ lotta.
- Kalungunya tagumena liyetitta.
- Lia pyoonyack 16.
- Lia tunnack.
- Lia noattye.
- Lian eleebana or liana eleebana.
- Puggana tareety^. -
- Tagantyaryack.
- T'all^ le loolaka lia.
- Lia noattyd
- Liana eleebana.
- PrughwuUah packalla.
- Rang^ prughwullah.
- Lotta mont^ meena cottd.
- Ri^ poy^ pueningyaok.
- Raggamuttah.
- Taggunnah.
- Raoonah mawpack.
- Pangoonya ren^ wurrangatd.
672 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Short Sentences in the Native Language— conirauerf.
When the warm weather is come - Nente pyoonta.
It is now cold weather . - - Tunna.
They are White men (the men are Riana. Kianowittyd.
white)
This woman is very white - - Lowana eleebana.*
Bring him and put him down here - Nunnalea pooranamby, or kanna
wattah ponnaw^i or kannawuttah
ponnapoo.
Come along, I want to speak to you - Talpyarwadeno tuyena kunnamee, or
tutta wuttah onganeenah, or tun-
neka makmma talmatieraleh.
Aha ! you are sulky all of a sudden - Anyah ! teborah ! keetrelbya uoo-
mena peniggomaree.
Hold your tongue, or be patient, by- Mealkamma, or metakantibe, or kan-
and-by nyah mielbeerkammah, or kanna
moonalau^ wannabee kannybo.
Come here ------ Tia neber^ or tialleh.
Walk naked - - - - - Tia reea lugungana. ^
Go ashore .'----- Tawe loccato.
Make a light, I want to see you - Men6 le monghtiapee monghtoneel^
matangunabee nubratonee.
Run together (a race) - . - Rene nunempt^ (yr leongana.
Stay or keep a long way off - - Onamarrumnebere, or crackn^ lo
maba, or kelaba row^.
Awake, rouse ye, get up ! - - - Tientable taggamunna, or nawatty !
pegraty ! wergho ! or takka
wughra !
Don't wake him, let him sleep - - Tialenghpalontun-narrajOrkunnyam
tilanga bah, or kunnyam narrar
loyea.
Whisper, speak low, let nobody hear Kukanna lenagangpa nunty pate-
inuyero or onabeah dayaleah.
Some Abobiginal Names of Places in Tasmania.
Cape Portland District - - - Tebrakunna.
Country extending back from Ringa- Warrentinna.
rooma township
Douglas River ----- Leeaberryaok or Leeaberra.
* Eleebana does not mean white ; see vocabulary. It frequently occurs in this vocabu-
lary, and evidently means good. This word and no other will fit in every instance. — E.M.C.
THE TASMANIANS. 673
Some AboeiqinaIj Names of Places in Tasmaku.— continued.
Nicholas's Cap ----- Mita winnya, Kurunna poima-
langta.
Doctor's Creek (East Coast) - - Wuggatena menennya.
Long Point ----- Wuggatena poeenta.
Salt-water Lagoon near the Coal Mungarattya.
Mines
Governor's Island - . - . Tittamariaok.
George's Elver District - - - Kunarra-kunnah.
Maria Island ----- Tiarra-marra-monah.
Mount Royal and Port Cygnet, coun- Talund.
try lying between
Oyster Bay ----- Poyanannupyack.
High lands behind ditto - - - Pothy munatta.
"St. Valentine's Peak, on Surrey Naton^.
Hills, Peak like a Volcano," of
Flinders
Piper's River District - - - Orramakuuna.
PortDavey ----- Poynduc.
East Bay Neck ----- Lueena langhta muracomyiaok.
Eaglehawk Neck - . - - Teeralinnack or Tera-linna.
Hampshire HUls District, in the Pateena.
North-west
Barren Joey Island - - - - Roobala mangana.
Glamorgan District - - - - Tebranuykunna.
Port Arthur ----- Pr^maydena.
Macquarie Harbour - " " " Parralaongatek.
Recherche Bay Leillateah.
Port Esperance ----- Raminea.
Southport- ----- Lamabb^le.
Brime Island ----- Lunawanna-elonnah.
South Arm - - - - - Reemer^.
Huon Island Prahree.
Betsy Island ----- Temeteletta.
Three-hut Point - - - - Taoonawenna.
Tinder-box Bay Renna kannapughoola.
Brown's River Promenalinah.
Arch Island Boora tingaW.
Tamar River ----- Ponrabbel.
Piper's River ----- Wattra karoola.
Swan Island ----- Terelbess^.
Arthur River Tunganrick.
Sohouten Island - - - - Tiggana marraboona.
VOL. III. ^ ^
674 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
Some Aboriginal Names of Places in Tasmama-
Cape Grim Kennaook.
Mount Cameron (West Coast) - - Preminghana.
Mount Hemskirk - - - - Roeinrim or Traoota munatta.
Mount Zeehan ----- Weiawenena.
Circular Head Monattek w Romanraik.
Frenchman's Cap . . - - Mebbelek.
Albatross Island ... - Tangatema.
Hunter's Island ... - Reeneka.
Pieman's River ----- Corimia.
District north of Maoquarie Harbour Timgarick.
Lake St. Clair ----- Leeawulena.
Huon River -...-- Tahun^-linah.
Satellite Island ----- Wayaree.
Derwent River ----- TeemtoomeM menennye.
Mount Wellington - - - - Unghaniahletta or Pooranetter^.
Clarence Plains ----- Nannyeleebata.
Crooked Billet and on to the Drome- Unghanyenna.
dary
Range of Hills between Bagdad and Rallolinghana.
Dromedary
Jordan River ----- Euta linah.
Lovely Banks ----- Tughera wughata.
Ben Lomond ----- Toorbunna.
South Esk River - . . - Mangana lienta.
Lagoon or summit of Ben Lomond - Meenamata.
St. Patrick's Head - . - - Lumera genena wuggelena.
Some Names of Aborigines of Tasmania.
Men.
Tonack A native of Macquarie Harbour.
Wureddy or Ooareddy
Paoblattena (literally, wombat) - A native of North-west District.
Kakaunawayreetya (literally, joey of A native of Oyster Bay.
the forester kangaroo)
Bonep A native of Macquarie Harbour,
Kellawurumnea - - - - A native of Pittwater.
Lanney - - - - - - A native of the North-west.
Kunnarawialeety^ - - - - A native of Oyster Bay.
Meenapeckameena - - - - A native of Lovely Banks.
Maywedick or Maywerick - - A native of Port Davey.
Redaryioick , - , . - A native of Circular Head District.
THE TASMANIANS. 675
Women.
Taenghanootera (literally, weeping A native of George's River,
bitterly)
Worromonoloo (Uterally, boughs) - A native of Piper's River Road Dis-
trict.
Rammanaloo (literally, little gull) - A native of Cape Portland.
Wuttawantyenna (literally, nausea) - A native of Bast Bank of Tamar
River.
Plooranaloona (literally, sunshine) - A native of George's River.
Tenghanoop A native of Port Davey.
Trooganeenie A native of Mount Royal.
Metakartea A native of North-east Quarter.
Tiabeah A native of Brune Island.
Koonya A native of Sorell.
Pueelongmeena A native of Oyster Bay.
Unghlottymeeua - - - - A native of North-east.
Rayna - - . . . . -A native of Pieman's River District.
Penghanawaddick - - . - ^^ ^^ ^^
APPENDIX B.
THE OVENS, CAVES, PAINTINGS, AND SCULPTURES OP OUR
BLACKS, AND ALSO THE QUESTION OP WHETHER THE
PRESENT RACE WERE THE PIRST INHABITANTS OP AUS-
TRALIA.
In the territories of most of the tribes in the southern
half of the continent we meet with what bushmen call
Blacks' ovens, of which none are found in the North. They
consist of accumulations of ashes, stones, or lumps of burnt
clay and the debris of food. I have seen them in use at
many places long distances apart, and constantly at Col-
binabbin for nearly ten years. At that place they were used
for baking kangaroo, emu, opossums, crabs or yabhe, yams
and other roots. The larger animals were sometimes cut up,
and at others cooked whole in them, the entrails always,
and the skin sometimes, being first removed. The food,
when cooked, was not eaten at the oven, but was taken to
2 u 2
676 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
the camp, often 200 yards off. In other districts, however,
when the ground was wet, the Blacks nsed sometimes to
camp as well as cook on their ovens or ash-heaps. The
excavation with yam-sticks of graves three or four feet deep
in the hard clay of this country being a laborious task, the
Blacks occasionally buried their dead in ash-heaps not much
in use, as digging in them is easy; and hence human skele-
tons are sometimes found in them.
On the sea-coast, and on the banks of some of our rivers,
are found large heaps of shells, mixed with charcoal, the
refuse of the feasts of many generations. In some which
have been explored, a few stone tomahawk-heads and bone
awls have been found. It is remarkable that, though in the
northern half of the continent cooking is a good deal carried
on by means of the oven (i.e., a trench in which a fire is
made, and heaped with stones or lumps of clay), which is
the origin of our ash-heap, no accumulations of cinders, &c.,
have been made there, and ash-heaps do not exist. Probably
the practice of cooking frequently at fixed spots, which has
produced the ash-heap, was not an original one with our
Blacks, nor in vogue for a very long period after the landing
of the first progenitors of the race on the north-west coast
of Australia. Whether the ash-heap, such as we find it here,
exists in any other country, I am not aware.
The examinations which have been made of these mounds
(of which the largest I have seen are about eighty yards in
circumference and five feet high in the centre) go to show
that, during the period they* have been in use, the implements
and mode of cooking of those who used them have undergone
no change.
Taken in connection with the middens left behind them by
savage peoples in other parts of the world, who have become
extinct, or whose descendants have emerged from barbarism,
do they not lead to the conclusion that, in the main, the
prehistoric savage of the lowest type in some other countries
resembled in many respects the Australian of to-day? In
other words, in studying the long-isolated Australian, who
OVENS, CAVES, PAINTINGS, SCULPTURES, ETC. 677
has, it has been shown, preserved in great measure the
manners which he brought with him to these shores, possibly
in a prehistoric era, do we not obtain the most reliable
picture possible of the lower families of prehistoric man
generally? In two respects, however, the Australian ash-
heaps differ in their contents from the middens of many
savages, as neither stone arrow-heads nor fragments of
pottery are found in them. Stone spear-heads, however,
which are occasionally used in some tribes, wiU no doubt be
sometimes met with.
Whilst on the subject of our ash-heaps, which, save
language and rude drawings found in caverns, are almost the
only antiquities met with in our continent, the reader must
be informed that a few specimens of paintings in caverns,
and two sculptures on rocks, of a good deal better execution
than those usually met with, also exist, and have been
described by some of our writers as of very ancient date, and
as belonging in all probability to a race which preceded the
present one. The paintings and one of the carvings in
. question were discovered by Lieutenant Grey, the explorer,
about seventy miles from Hanover Bay ; the other sculpture
by Austin, also an explorer, about 200 miles inland from
Gantheaume Bay on the west coast. The paintings represent
men and women wearing clothes, which it is important to
notice, as all the tribes within hundreds of miles of the
locality go naked. Concerning them, the Eevd. J. E.
Tennison Woods, in his admirable History of the Discovery
and Exploration of Australia, vol. 1, p. 412, says: —
"Near the furthest point which Grey reached, some
remarkable painted figures were found on the walls of two
sandstone caves. They were much better executed than
anything that the natives are able to do now, and their
antiquity seems to be unquestionable. Some of the
figures were dressed in robes reaching down to the feet,
and both hands and feet were painted a deeper red than the
rest of the body; the face was draped in white, with holes
left for the eyes, and all had a double ring round the head
678 THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
like the aureole of a modern saint. Three colors were used
— red, blue, and yellow; and, in addition to many other
figures, there was a kind of writing very much like the
characters in use among the natives of the Indian Archi-
pelago. Whatever may he said of these strange drawings,
it is quite certain that they refer to a time when the savages
made use of clothing, and were more civilized than at pre-
sent they are. Near one of the caves, a very good profile of a
man's head was cut deeply in the rock: the type of the head
was not Australian, and was well executed. The natives
seem to be very fond of these places as an encampment, and
in that respect they resembled all the painted caves found
upon the west, north, and north-east coast."
In speaking of the profile head. Grey, its discoverer,
says, vol. 1, p. 206 : — " The only proof of antiquity it bore
about it was that all the edges of the cutting were rounded
and perfectly smooth, much more so than they could have
been from any other cause than long exposure to atmospheric
influences." How long it wotild take to effect such smooth-
ing on a sandstone slab exposed to the terrible annual rains,
which Grey, vol. 1., p. 97, describes as having cut down the
sandstone table-land itself forty feet, and probably more, is
a matter for consideration. Probably fifty years would have
accomplished it. Speaking of the most elaborate and
artistic of the paintings discovered. Grey, vol. 1, p. 202,
says : — " It would be impossible to convey in words an ade-
quate idea of this uncouth and savage figure." On the
whole. Grey's description does not lead me to assign much
of art or antiquity to his paintings and sculpture.
Touching the sculptures discovered by Austin, the Eevd.
Mr. Woods, in his History referred to above, vol. 2, p. 220,
says: — "On the 21st September they lost two horses from
exhaustion and thirst, but on the same day, in lat. 27° 43',
long. 118°, found a spring near a cave in a quartzite cliff. This
cave had some singular carvings in it. There were repre-
sojatations of seven left hands, of the ordinary size, with one
large right hand above. On the left there were five pairs of
OVENS, CAVES, PAINTINGS, SCULPTURES, ETC. 679
kangaroos' feet, and the feet of three emu. They were very-
well executed, and had just the appearance of impressions
made by the objects they were intended to represent. The
surface of the rock seemed to have been stained by some
fluid. They were evidently ancient, avd quite beyond the
capacity .of the present race of natives. This was shown
by several rude imitations which had been more recently
made beneath them, and Mr. Austin found underneath a
stone instrument, which had been used in the modern
attempts. They evidently belonged to the description of
carvings found by Grey near Hanover Bay."
Setting aside the circumstances that no proof of the
antiquity of these carvings is given, and that the capacity of
the present race in such matters is made to rest on a single
attempt at imitation, the passages quoted seem to suppose
that our Blacks once wore clothes, or that a people some-
what superior, who did, went before them in this continent.
I have met with another writer who hazards the last of
these conjectures. The passage will be found in Mr. R.
Brough Smyth's Aborigines of Victoria, vol. 2, p. 222, and
is as follows: — "It has been stated by Professor Huxley
that the natives of Southern and Western Australia are
probably as pure and homogeneous as any race of savages
in existence. And yet there are some slight indications of
another and possibly a more ancient people having at one
time dwelt in Australia. These consist of certain red marks
on the walls and roofs of caves, chiefly the imprints of
human hands, as though a hand had been immersed in red
dye and then pressed against the side of the cave. These
'signs-manual' are generally accompanied by some other
marks or drawings." As I have often myself seen the
Blacks imprinting their hands stained with red ochre on
suitable surfaces in this way, I cannot accept such marks as
a proof of antiquity.
Being strongly of opinion that our Blacks had no prede-
cessors in this continent, but practically occupied it alone
untU the period of our colonization, and the matter being of
680 . THE AUSTRALIAIT RACE:
importance, I think it necessary to state shortly the grounds
of my opinion. To begin with, it is easier to suppose that a
few of the Malays who frequent our northern and western
coasts, or other shipwrecked persons of a more advanced
race than our Blacks, joined a tribe here a,nd there (as we
know several of our own countrymen have done), accompanied
it into the interior, and executed the rough drawings and
sculptures in question, than that a race of some culture
should have existed here and left no traces behind it but the
trifling ones under consideration. Nor is this idea of strangers
amongst our- coast tribes far-fetched, as Grey himself lays
particular stress on his having met near the caverns in which
he found his paintings a few individuals almost white.
Speaking of the Blacks he met with. Grey says in his Jour-
nals of Two Expeditions of Discovery, vol. 1, p. 253-4: —
"They never speared a horse or sheep belonging to us, and
judging by the degree of industry shown in the execution of
some of their paintings, the absence of anything offensive in
the subjects delineated, and the careful finish of some articles
of common use, I should infer that, under proper treatment,
they might easily be raised very considerably in the scale of
civilization.
"A remarkable circumstance is the presence amongst
them of a race, to appearance totally different and almost
white, who seem to exercise no small influence over the
rest. ... I saw but three men of this fair race myself,
and thought they closely resembled Malays ; some of my men
observed a fourth." Grey then quotes two or three other
writers who mention the same occurrence in the northern
portion of the continent.
To pass on. The reasons which lead me to believe that
our Blacks were practically the only people by whom this
continent was inhabited prior to our colonization are these: —
1st. That, save the trifling works of doubtful and perhaps
recent origin, just mentioned, all the remains of man found
here unquestionably belong to the present race of Blacks.
OVENS, CAVES, PAINTINGS, SCULPTURES, ETC. 681
2iid. Had a second race ever existed, the mode of warfare
in use would have rendered their extirpation most unlikely,
as we never hear of more than one or two persons falling in
any battle. Neither the conquest of territory nor the
extirpation of enemies are objects sought in the wars of
our Blacks. Theirs is the Gladstonian policy — "Kill and
scuttle."
3rd. It has already been pointed out, vol. I., pp. 27, 28,
as well as in other places, that in several portions of
Australia, vast distances apart, language has but one word to
express the Blacks and kangaroo. That the Blacks, in
fact, in some instances, at the present day (and language
shows this to have been more common formerly), whether in
jest or earnest, speak of these animals as men. This, it may
be assumed, would hardly have been the case had the first
comers or their descendants found another race of human
beings in the country.
Two other noteworthy aboriginal works have come to my
knowledge. The first is a fish-trap, made by a number of
walls constructed of large stones in the bed of the Barwan,
near Brewarrina, if I recollect right. These walls are irregu-
lar in their course, and enclose spaces which may be likened
to the walls, rooms, passages, and courts of a large building.
When the river is in flood, they are many feet below the
surface ; but when at its usual summer level, they rise above
the water and form a sort of labyrinth, in which the fish lose
their way, and are easily captured.
The other work was described to me as a mound about
100 feet or yards long, I forget which, made to resemble a
huge snake. Its locality is (or was, for when I heard of it,
it was hardly recognizable) close to the Murray Eiver, some
twenty miles below Euston, but on the other side. It was
said by the Blacks to have been made to charm away the
smaU-pox, which raged in those parts probably in about 1820
or 1830.
682
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
APPENDIX C.
YULE ISLAND VOCABULARY.
By ABTHtTE Onslow, Esq.
This and the several vocabularies
parison with the Australian languages,
tiact that I am in doubt of many
contributed by that gentleman.
which follow are inserted for corn-
Mr. Onslow's writing is so india-
of the words in the vocabularies
Kangaroo -
Hand -
- eema.
Opossum
2 Blacks -
.
Tame dog -
waia.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
One -
- hia
Emu -
Black duck -
Two -
- rua.
Wood duck -
Three -
- eta.
Pelican
Four -
- banee.
Laughiag jackass
Father
- anarpaka.
Native companion
Mother
-
White cockatoo -
Sister-Elder
_
Crow -
Swan -
„ Younger
-
Egg - - -
hahoewa.
Brother-Elder
-
Track of a foot -
,, Young
er
Fish - - -
chee-ohee.
A young man
-
Lobster
An old man
.
Crayfish
An old woman
^
Mosquito -
Fly. -• -
A baby
-
Snake
evaw.
A White man
- hahow poorena.
The Blacks -
Children -
- meore.
A Blaokfellow -
hahow.
Head -
-
A Black woman -
babene.
Bye -
•
Nose ■
Bar -
- vak.
YULE ISLAND.
683
Yule Island Vocabijlabt — contirmed.
Mouth
-
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- etaka neeta.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- bouee.
Wood -
maoheo.
Beard -
-
Stone -
petava.
Thunder
-
Camp -
Grass -
-
Yes -
Tongue
- miaka or mia.
No - - -
Stomach
-
I . - - -
Breasts
- tatooka.
You -
Thigh -
-
Bark
Foot -
- hapoo.
Good
enoka.
Bone -
-
Bad - - -
akee.
Blood -
-
Sweet - . -
Skin - -
-
Food -
aneane.
Fat -
Hungry
Bowels
-
Thirsty
Excrement -
-
Eat -
kana.
War-spear -
- parooma, arawa.
Sleep - . -
parooa.
Reed-spear -
-
Drink -
Throwing-stick
-
Walk -
Shield
-
See -
koeta.
Tomahawk -
- wapeeva.
Sit - - -
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
- arohee.
- baroura.
- ngeo, ngawa.
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks ?
I don't know
baroo.
mara.
Heat -
-
Plenty
Day -
-
Big -
Night - . -
-
Little -
Eire -
- evoba.
Dead -
haree.
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind -
Rain -
God -
- beg, bay.
- anoo.
- bouda.
- abeva.
By-and-by ■
Come on
Milk -
Baglehawk -
Wild turkey
mi, mieno
Ghosts
-
Wife -
684
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
APPENDIX D.
WARRIOR ISLAND, TORRES STRAIT.
By Arthue Onslow, Esq.
Kangaroo -
- usale.
Hand -
- rapa.
Opossum -
-
2 Blacks -
_
Tame dog -
- omi.
3 Blacks -
.
Wild dog -
-
One -
- woorapoo.
Emu
_
Two -
- ocasara.
Black duck -
- kete-kete.
Wood duok-
-
Three -
- ocasara woora-
Pelican
_
poo.
Laughing jackass
Pour -
- ocasara ocasara
Native companion
Father
- outati.
White cockatoo
-
Mother
- ngonopoo.
Crow -
-
Sister-Elder
-
Swan -
-
,, Younger
- - ,
Egg - -
- oolookakoo.
Brother-Elder
- ngontoboiop.
Track of a foot
-
,, Younger ngontoboiop.
Pish -
- wape.
A young man
- konquick.
Lobster
-
An old man
- okalaka.
Crayfish
Mosquito -
Fly - -
- boule.
An old woman
A baby
- ouwepe.
- makekack.
Snake -
- taboo.
A White man
- miakakaloom.
The Blacks -
-
Children
- kacke.
A Blackf ellow
- koopekoopekame.
Head -
- queek.
A Black woman
- koopekoopepe.
Eye -
- taan.
Nose ■•
- peetee.
Ear -
- korsi.
WARRIOR ISLAND, TORRES STRAIT.
68^
Waekior Islaot), Torres Strmi— continued.
Mouth
- erakoot.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth -
- tang.
HiU -
-
Hair of the head
- yalbo.
Wood -
- wata.
Beard -
- yatta.
Stone -
- mata.
Thunder -
- kee or ree (?).
Gamp -
-
Grass -
-
Yes -
- ah, wah.
Tongue
- ngae.
No -
- loinga.
Stomach
- mita-mita.
I
- ngie.
Breasts
- soo-soo.
You -
- ngee.
Thigh -
-
Bark -
_
Foot -
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
Fat -
Bowels
Excrement -
- timoot.
- koolka.
- tarriget.
- tiboo.
- kooma-kooma.
Good -
Bad -
Sweet -
Food -
Hungry
Thirsty
- kapoi.
- atai.
- arake.
- mookeanike.
War-spear -
- kalaka.
Eat -
- pootee.
Reed-spear -
Sleep -
- unika.
Throwing-stiok
-
Drink -
- mooke kiwan.
Shield -
Walk-
- ngiuserik.
Tomahawk -
- tooik.
See -
- emanoo.
Canoe -
- koola.
Sit
- tanol.
Sun -
Moon -
- kayka.
- mulpal.
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are the
Blacks?
I don't know
- matawarabon.
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
- teto.
- kay-pramek.
- koopikee.
kaloope.
- nikoloni.
Day -
batang.
Plenty
- moola.
Night -
koopilkee.
Big -
- kasa.
Fire -
moe.
Little -
- makke, makketa
Water
mooke.
Dead -
- ooma.
Smoke
skopkowane.
By-and-by -
- tomoki.
Ground
patalak.
Come on
- hie-hie.
Wind -
kegoba.
Milk -
-
Rain -
aree-aree.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
Wife -
-
THE AUSTBALIAN RACE:
APPENDIX E.
MOATTA TRIBE— MOUTH OF THE RIVER KATAW.
Peom D'Albertis' New Guinea. — (Vol. 2, p. 388.)
Kangaroo -
Opossum
Hand -
2 Blacks -
- tupata.
Tame dog -
umo.
3 Blacks -
-
Wild dog -
One -
-
Emu -
Two -
_
Black duck -
Three -
_
Wood duck
Pelican
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Four -
Father
Mother
Sister-Elder
-
Crow -
„ Younger
-
Swan -
Brother-Elder
-
Egg -
Track of a foot -
Pish - - -
Lobster
arimina.
„ Younger
A young man
An old man
Crayfish
An old woman
■
Mosquito -
A baby
- mere.
Fly -
A White man
- turicarubi
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow -
harubi sarimissa.
Children
Head -
- epuoo.
A Black woman -
upi.
Eye -
- idamari.
Nose - - -
uadi.
Ear -
- epate.
MOUTH OF THE RIVER KATAW.
687
MoATTA Teibb — continued.
Mouth
■ magata.
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- ibonora.
Hill -
-
Hair of the head
- epuromuo.
Waterfall -
- cami-cami
Beard -
- bagamua.
Wood -
-
Thunder -
Grass -
- gururu.
Stone -
Camp -
- nora, api.
Tongue
-
Yes ■
- io.
Stomach
- dopi-autuburo.
No ■
- puai.
Breasts
- amo.
I - -
- mo.
Thigh -
- emado.
You -
- ro.
Foot -
- airupata.
Bark -
-
Bone -
-
Good -
- adina.
Blood -
- arima.
Bad - -
- ubana.
Skin -
- tama.
Sweet -
-
Fat -
-
Food -
-
Bowels
- tuburo.
Hungry-
-
Excrement -
-
Thirsty
-
War-spear -
-
Eat -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-atick
Shield
Tomahawk -
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
- emoa.
- pe^.
- ibiu.
- gamuno.
- oroi.
Sleep -
Drink -
Walk -
See -
Sit -
Yesterday -
To-day
To-morrow -
Where are
- utua.
- odio.
- agoitogo.
- omia.
- duomuto.
- uah-roito.
the
Cold -
-
Blacks ?
Heat -
-
I don't know
-
Day -
- duo.
Plenty
-
Night -
- uo.
Big -
-
Fire -
- era.
Little -
-
Water -
- tupobo.
Dead -
-
Smoke
- tema.
By-and-by -
Ground
- driomoro.
Come on
-
Wind -
- hu-hu-a.
Milk -
Rain -
- uiari, viare.
Eaglehawk -
-
God -
_
Wild turkey
-
Ghosts
.
Wife ■
-
688
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
APPENDIX F.
PORT DOREI, NEW GUINEA.
Extracted from Le Voyage de VAstroldbe.
Kangaroo (d'Aroe) kopem.
Hand -
roua pimci
Opossum -
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
naf.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
naf.
One -
Emu -
Black duck -
Wood duck
Pelican
Two -
Three -
Four -
Laughing jackass
Native companion
White cockatoo -
Father
Mother
manngop
nabarak.
Crow -
orono.
Sister-Elder
Swan -
„ Younger -
Egg - - -
Brother-Elder -
Track of a foot -
„ Younger
Fish -
tenn.
A young man
Lobster
An old man
Crayfish
An old woman -
Mosquito -
A baby
Fly - - -
A White man
Snake
Children
romgoun
The Blacks -
(singular).
A Blackfellow (of
kokston.
Head
boumberi.
Dorei)
Eye -
robena.
A Black woman -
bihenn.
Ear -
knamee
Noae -
snomferi.
knaramci.
PORT DORBI, NEW GUINEA.
Poet Dorbi, New Guinea — continued
Mouth
- soamberi.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- naci namci.
Hill -
Hair of the head
- senembourem,
Wood -
snoumbourahem.
Stone -
ierou, kerou.
Beard -
- souabour.
Camp -
Thundei; -
-
Yes -
ia.
Grass •
-
No - - -
daouer.
Tongue
- kaprerembreri.
I. . . .
Stomach
- anderoumei.
You -
Breasts
- andendi (sing).
Bark -
Thigh ■-
- koria, mer (leg).
Good -
ibie.
Foot -
- vamia, ouemei
Bad -
ihieba.
vamia.
Sweet -
Bone -
-
Food -
Blood -
- ouamaiere.
Hungry
Skin -
- ourek.
Thirsty
Fat -
- ibieba.
Eat -
kanann.
Bowels
-
Sleep -
ceneff.
Excrement •
-
Drink -
souari, souaiean
War-spear -
kohinomen.
Reed-spear -
•
Walk -
- oivambrainn
Wommera or
(marcher).
throwing-stick
See -
Shield
- ada.
Sit -
kokaen.
Tomahawk -
-
Yesterday -
Canoe -
-
To-day
Sun -
- ori.
To-morrow -
mecer, apap.
Moon -
Star -
Light - . -
Dark -
-
Where are the
Blacks ?
I don't know
Cold -
-
Plenty
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire -
Water
- pack.
- ioreff.
- ouaier.
Big -
Little -
Dead -
By-and-by •
-
Smoke
Come on
-
Ground
- saprop.
Milk -
- ouaier soussia.
Wind-
Rain -
God -
Ghosts
- mekenn.
Eaglehawk -
Wild turkey
Wife - ■
VOL. III.
2
X
690
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
APPENDIX G.
THE LOYALTY ISLES.
By J. PlTZQEKALD, JtTN., ESQ.
Kangaroo -
Hand
- nackiningoo.
Opossum
2 Blacks -
- natamauli endua
Tame dog -
goria.
3 Blacks - ■
- natamauli en-
Wild dog -
dauloo.
Emu -
One -
- sigai.
Black duck -
Two -
- endua.
Wood duck -
Pelican
Three -
- endauloo.
Laughing jackass
Four -
- bati.
Native companior
1
Father
- paw-paw.
White cockatoo -
Mother
- tati.
Crow -
manoo.
Sister -Elder
- ngoruangoo.
Swan -
,, Younger
-
Egg - - -
attulula.
Brother-Elder
- teingoo.
Track of a foot -
,, Younger
Fish -
nika.
A young man
- tourafe.
Lobster
An old man
- marige.
Crayfish -
An old woman
- itarique.
Mosquito -
balirique
Fly -
bangoo.
A baby
- pipia.
Snake -
mata.
A White man
- nouver.
The Blacks -
Children -
-
A Blackfellow -
natamauli.
Head -
- nbougoo.
A Black woman -
keroi.
Eye -
- matangoo.
Nose -
nangisoongoo.
Ear -
- nalingangoo.
THE LOYALTY ISLES.
691
Loyalty Islw— continued.
Mouth
■ nowokangoo.
Boomerang -
_
Teeth -
- batingoo.
Hill -
.
Hair of the head- lelungoo.
Wood-
- nakapoosonia.
Beard
- assioolua.
Stone -
- vatoo.
Thunder -
- tavaie.
Camp
.
Grass -
- numinoo.
Yes -
- yaw.
Tongue
-
No -
- ngerai.
Stomach
I
- gitiou.
Breasts
■
You -
- ningoo.
Thigh
-
Bark -
-
Foot -
- melingoo.
Good -
-
Bone -
- navatingoo.
Bad -
-
Blood -
- nunda.
Sweet -
Skin -
- navilina.
Food -
- huvinung.
Fat - -
- bouldia.
Hungry -
- apitanloo.
Bowels
.
Thirsty
-
Excrement -
.
Eat -
- guniguni.
War-spear -
- naiou.
Sleep -
- matoaroo.
Eeed-spear-
-
Drink
- nimoonoo.
Throwiag-stiok
- nakow (?).
Walk -
- surata.
Shield
-
See -
.
Tomahawk -
- tangantoo.
Sit -
.
Canoe
- aroua.
Yesterday -
Sun -
- elow.
To-day
- massusse.
Moon -
- massina.
Star -
- massone.
To-morrow -
- natamai.
Light -
.
Where are the
Dark -
- nemalingoo.
Blacks ?
Cold -
- malani.
I don't know
- endongosabona
Heat -
- pavitouloo.
Plenty
-
Day -
- liadi.
Big -
-
Night
- baungi.
Little -
-
Fire -
- nakapoo.
Dead -
.
Water
- noi.
By-and-by -
.
Smoke
- nassona.
Ground
- natanoo.
Come on -
Wind
- nalang.
Milk -
-
Eain -
- ousa.
Baglehawk-
-
God -
-
Wild turkey
Ghosts
3 3
Wife -
w2
692
THE AUSTRALIAN EACB ;
LOYALTY ISLES.
Additional Words.
Go away — be off - - - - boua. ^
I'll go away - . - . . bussava.
Where are you going ? - - - epki bougisan ?
I am playing about - - - - gatoobaroo.
I will go too ----- bussava.
Are you tired ----- epitivitoolo.
Well ! go to sleep - . - . ningoo matoroo.
By and by I'll sleep - - - bogundoo dakouba matoroo.
Where is my husband ? - - - epai uanoi ginou ?
You will see him by-and-by - - bunusi bogundoo.
I see two women . - - - ginou bunusi keroi endoua.
Where is my spear? - . - epai naio ginou?
Give me one spear - - - - botuao naio sigai.
Give me two spears - - - - botuao naio endona.
Come and see my canoe - - - engabe bunusi aroua ginou.
Don't talk batibasa.
I am lazy memali.
Iguana ------ olai.
Plea oontu.
Nut ..-.--. nangai.
Taro natali.
Coooanut ----- naniou.
Pine apple baroo.
Banana ------ nandi.
Knife ------ mass masse.
Jam _---.- nouie.
Sugar numboroi.
I don't know ----- endongosabona.
Gun soui.
Powder pouroo.
Bullet baulo.
Cap - capa.
Bow nasou.
Arrow nitipa.
Where are all the women ?
One woman is at home - - - keroi sigai endoi egobou.
THE LOYALTY ISLES.
693
Two women are at home
- keroi endona endoi egobou.
Where is Tommy ? -
- Tommy epai ?
I have not seen him to-day
- audi bunusi massusse.
I am hungry - - - -
- epitouloo.
Give me some food -
- batooaoo epitouloo.
Here it is ....
- newaie.
Come and fish ....
- bandirotangoo.
No, let us hunt pigs
- engeroi gangabusi wangoo.
Salt-water ....
- natassi.
Ship
- aroua nouver.
Leaf - ■ - - :
- noululakou.
Blaokfellow ....
- natamauli enungoda.
Whatman? - - - .
- natamauli loua ?
Pig-skin
- nauwilina wangoo.
Go and walk, you lazy fellow -
- bussi wussi memali.
I am sick ....
- assasana.
I am well . . . -
- tapuia.
Tom is dead - . - -
- Tom emati.
Tom was almost dead, but got
well Tom emiti emaramouri.
again
Numbers.
1, sigai.
6, elatissa.
2, endua.
7, larua.
3, endauloo.
8, elatooloo.
4, bati.
9, chaloveti.
5, lima.
10, cherooalima
694
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
APPENDIX H.
DUKE OF YORK ISLAND, NEW BRITAIN.
By the Revd. George Beown.
Vowels sounded — a = o^, e as a in gate, « as e in me, o as English o, u as
00 in wood, g a^ng ia rang.
When " my" is affixed it means that the noun is not used in an abstract
form; e.g., tamag, my father; tamam, your father; tamana, his father; and
so on through all the dual, triad, and plural numbers. There is no term for
father simply. The italic k is sounded as English g.
Kangaroo -
Hand -
- limag (my).
Opossum
kapul.
2 Blacks (men)
- ruadi a muana.
Tame dog -
a pap.
3 Blacks ,,
- tuludi a muana
Wild dog -
a pap lomlom.
tuludi a tara.
Emu -
One -
- ra.
Black duck -
Two -
- ruadi.
Wood duck -
Pelican
Three -
- tuludi.
Laughing jackass
Four -
- waatdi.
Native companion
Father
- tamag (my).
White cockatoo -
muara.
Mother
- nag „
Crow -
a kok.
Sister-Elder
- teglik „
Swan -
„ Younger
- teglik „
Egg - - -
kiau.
Brother-Elder
- teglik ,,
Track of a foot -
a kaun.
,, Younger
- teglik ,,
Ksh -
eian.
A young man
- barman.
Lobster ' -
An old man
- takana muana.
Crayfish
aurugut.
An old woman
- takana tebuan.
Mosquito -
a namu.
Ply -
a lag.
A baby
- a nal.
Snake -
a ui.
A White man
- a madar.
The Blacks -
a kum tara.
Children -
- a kum nat.
A Blaokfellow -
a muana.
Head -
- loirg (my).
A Black woman -
a tebuan.
Eye -
- matag „
Nose
gigirog (my).
Ear -
- taligag „
DUKE OP YORK ISLAM), NEW BRITAIN.
695
Dttke of York Is
LAND — continued
Mouth
- auag (my).
Boomerang -
-
Teeth
- lokog ,,
Hill -
- tagai tiltil.
Hair of the head
- weug „
Wood -
- diwai.
Beard
- kabenawag (my).
Stone -
- a waat.
Thunder -
- pakpakuru.
Camp -
- ki wan wan.
Grass -
- uali.
Yes - -
- yu.
Tongue
- kamenawag(my).
No -
- pate.
Stomach
- balag ,,
I
- Jan.
Breasts
- tuig „
You - -
- ui.
Thigh
- kakig
Bark -
- panina.
Foot
- kakig
Good -
- auakak.
Bone -
- uru.
Bad -
- pikoina.
Blood -
- kap.
Sweet -
- namian.
Skin -
Fat -
- pamg (my).
- bira.
Food -
- utna na winagan
Bowels
- alakum balag
Hungry
- molo.
(my).
Thirsty
- maruk.
Excrement -
- tak.
Eat -
- wagan, ani.
War-spear -
- bele.
Sleep -
- inep.
Reed-spear -
- bele.
Drink -
- inim.
Throwing-stick
- (none).
Walk -
- wan.
Shield- -
- (none).
See
- boboi.
Tomahawk -
- maden.
Sit -
- ki.
Canoe -
- afa.
Yesterday -
- na bug.
Sun -
- make.
To-day
- kumari.
Moon -
- kalag.
To-morrow -
- na bum.
Star -
- nagnag.
Where are
the
Light -
- keke.
' Blacks?
Dark -
- marum.
I don't know
- jan pai au nu-
Cold - -
- mudian.
nuri.
Heat -
- uan.
Day -
- keke.
Plenty
- magoro.
Night -
- marum.
Big - -
- gala.
Fire -
- augan.
Little -
- kinalik.
Water
- pala danim.
Dead -
- mat.
Smoke
- a mi tubal.
By-and-by -
- kalik ma ku.
Ground
■ pia.
Come on
- wanurin.
Wind - -
- dadeip.
Milk -
- polo na tu.
Rain -
- bata.
Eaglehawk -
- manikulai.
God -
- nara (?).
WUd turkey
-
Ghosts
- tebaran.
Wife -
- tebuan.
696
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
APPENDIX I.
MALAY.
From the Dictionary of John Ckawfued.
Kangaroo -
Hand -
tangan, asta.
Opossum
2 Blacks -
Tame dog -
anjing, asu.
3 Blacks -
Wild dog -
Emu -
Black duck -
sarigala.
suwari.
itik, bebek.
One -
Two -
asa, satu.
duwa.
Wood duck -
Three -
tiga.
Pelican
undan.
Four -
ampat.
Laughing jackass
Father
bapa, pa, rama.
Native companion
Mother
ama.
White cocliatoo ■
kakatuwah.
Sister-Elder
kaka.
Crow -
Swan -
Egg - -
Track of a foot -
gagak, balar.
talor.
bakas-kaki.
„ Younger -
Brother-Elder
,, Youugei
adik parampuan
abang, kakak. ^
adik, adanda.
Fish -
ikan.
A young man
bujang, jaka.
Lobster
An old man
Crayfish -
uudang-karang.
An old woman
Mosquito -
namuk, agaa.
A baby
anak-kachil.
Fly - -
Snake -
The Blacks -
A Blackfellow
lalat.
ular.
orang.
laki.
A White man
Children -
Head -
ulu, kapala.
A Black woman
parampuan, suri.
Eye -
mata.
Nose -
idung.
Ear ■
dawun talinga.
MALAY.
697
Malay —
continued.
Mouth
- mulut.
Boomerang -
Teeth -
- gigi-
Hill -
- bukit, gunung,
Hair of the head
- rambut.
prawatta, giri.
Beard -
- janggut, ramos.
Wood -
■ utan, alas, kayu.
Thunder -
- alintar, guntur.
wana.
Stone -
- batu.
Grass -
Tongue
- romput.
- lidah.
Camp -
Yes -
- pondok.
- iya, ya, bhkan,
Stomach
- prut, ati, padul.
baU.
Breasts
- susu, inang.
No -
- tiyada, tak, jan-
Thigh- -
- kaki.
gan, &c.
Foot -
- kaki, duli, pada.
I -
- aku, kita, kami.
Boue -
- tulang.
&c.
Blood -
- darah.
You -
- ang, kaw, mu, lu,
Skin -
- kulit.
&c.
Fat -
■ lamak.
Bark -
- kulit-kayu.
Bowels
- prut.
Good -
- bayik, salih.
Excrement -
- tai.
Bad -
- jabat.
War-spear -
- tumbak, watang.
Sweet -
- manis.
Eeed-spear -
Food -
- makanan, sara,
Tlirowing-stick
.
parbakalan.
Shield
- tameng, prisai
Hungry
- lapar.
(and others).
Thu-sty
- aus, daaga, &c.
Tomahawk -
- kapak, wadung,
Eat -
- makan, santap.
tabar.
Sleep -
. sidor, lena, adu.
Canoe -
Sun -
- sampan, jukung,
ladang.
- mata-ari, surya.
Drink -
Walk -
See -
- minum.
- jalan.
- tengok, liat, non-
tan
Moon -
samas.
- bulan, Chandra,
Sit -
- daduk, lanquk,
&c.
- kalmarin,
- ari-ini.
Star -
kamar.
- bintang.
Yesterday -
To-day
Light -
- chahya, trang.
To-morrow -
- esuk.
Dark -
- kalarp, galap.
Where are the
Cold -
- dingin, sajuk.
Blacks ?
Heat -
- panas, angat.
I don't know
-
Day -
Night -
- ari, dina, yura.
Plenty
- kalimpaban.
- malara.
Big -
Little -
- basar, agung.
- kachil.
Fire -
- api.
Dead -
- mati, ilang.
Water
- ayar.
By-and-by -
- sabantar-lagi.
Smoke
- asap.
Come on
- mari.
Ground
- tanah, bumi.
Milk -
- suau.
Wind-
- angin, bayu.
Eaglehawk -
-
Rain -
- ujan.
Wild turkey
-
God - •
- tuhan, allah.
Wife -
- bini, parampu-
Ghosts
- sumangat.
wan, estri.
THE AUSTRALIAN RACE:
APPENDIX J.
AFRICA.— YORUBA LANGUAGE.
From the Dictionary of the Revd. T. J. Bbown.
Kangaroo -
Hand
- owo.
Opossum
2 Blacks -
-
Tame dog -
adza.
3 Blacks -
-
Wild dog -
adzako.
One -
- a, eni, ui, kan,
Emu
okan.
Black duck
Two -
- edzi, medzi.
Wood duck
Three -
- eta, meta.
Pelican
Pour -
- erin, merin. •■
Laughing jackass
Native companion
Father
Mother
- baba, oba.
- abiamo, iya,
White cockatoo -
Crow -
Swan -
Egg -
Track of a foot -
aluko.
kanakana, hoho,
alukanrin,
eyin.
ese, ikpa, ikpase.
Sister-Elder
,, Younger
Brother-Elder
„ Young
yeye, iye.
- arabiri.
- arabiri.
- ara, aburo,
egbon.
er ara, aburo,
egbon.
- omo-agbo, omo
owo.
Fish -
Lobster
Crayfish -
Mosquito -
Ply -
Snake
dedza, kpedza.
ede.
esinsin.
edzo, mauamana,
A young man
An old man
An old woman
A baby
A White man
The Blacks -
sebe.
Children
- ewe, madzesi,
omo.
A Blackfellow -
okuri, enia.
Head -
- eri, ori.
A Black woman ■
obiri.
Eye -
- odzu.
Nose -
imo.
Ear
- eti.
AFRICA.
699
Africa. — Yokuba Language — continued.
Mouth - - enu.
Teeth - - akoko, ehin,
eyin.
Hair of the head - iron.
Beard -
Thunder
Grass -
Tongue
Stomach
Breasts
Thigh -
Foot -
Bone -
Blood -
Skin -
Pat -
Bowels
Excrement -
War-spear -
Reed-spear -
Throwing-stick -
Shield -
Tomahawk ■
Canoe -
Sun -
Moon -
Star -
Light -
Dark -
Cold -
Heat -
Day -
Night -
Fire -
Water
Smoke
Ground
Wind -
Rain -
God -
Ghosts
- ironghong.
- ara.
- ikoriko, ogbug-
bu.
- ahon, awon.
- aiya.
- aiya, ige, omu.
- itele, tete.
- ese.
- egun, egungun.
- edze.
- ara.
- sanra.
- ifon.
- imi, igbe.
- eain, oko.
- akpata, ganiki.
- gamugamu.
- fatele, oko,
okpere.
- orun.
- osukpa, osu.
- irawo.
- imole.
- su, sisu, sokun.
- amudi, otu,
otutu.
- erun, gbigbona,
oru.
- idzo, odzo.
- oru.
- ina.
- omi, odo.
- eii, fin, efin.
- ile.
- afefe, efufu.
- edzi, odzo.
- olorun, olodu-
mare.
- oro, iwin.
Boomerang -
-
Hill -
- oke.
Wood -
- igi.
Stone -
- okuta, oko.
Camp -
- do, budo.
Yes -
■ behe, ni, e.
No -
- kurumu, nadwo
I
- emi, mi, mo.
You -
- iwo, nyi.
Bark -
- ekpo.
Good -
- dara, re.
Bad -
- buru.
Sweet
- don.
Food -
- ondze.
Hungry
- alaiyo.
Thirsty
- ongbe.
Eat -
- dze.
Sleep -
- sun, togbe.
Drink -
- mo, mu.
Walk -
- rin.
See ■
- ri, wo.
Sit -
- fidibale.
Yesterday -
- ana, lana.
To-day
- loni.
To-morrow -
- ola.
Where are the
Blacks ?
I don't know
-
Plenty
- okpo.
Big - -
- tobi, lara.
Little -
- kere, die, kiun.
Dead -
- ku, dake.
By-and-by -
- nigbosi.
Come on
- wah, so, wole.
Milk -
- wara.
Eaglehawk -
'
Wild turkey
■
Wife -
- aya, abileko.
END OF VOLUME III.
INDEX.
In this Index, ordinarily, only a few references are made to any
particular subject ; thus, the mention of small-pox may occur in
fifty different places in this work, only five of which may be
referred to in the index.
Aboriginal life less free than civilized
life, I., 51.
Aboriginal race, extinction of,I., 100.
Aboriginal reserves in Victoria, I.,
104.
Aborigines of Victoria, by R. Brough
Smyth, errors in, I. , 237.
Abstinence from animal food, in,
the sex of the animal considered
in some tribes. III., 91.
Adelaide River, tribe and vocabu-
lary, I., 260.
Adelaide, tribe and vocabulary, II.,
148.
Albert and Tweed, between, vocabu-
lary, III., 231.
Albinos, non-existent, I., 40.
Alice Springs, vocabulary, I., 411.
Alice River, vocabulary, in., 70.
All things in Nature disiributed into
ten classes. III., 461.
Andaman words compared with
Australian, I., 187.
Antiquity of the Australian race,
I., 206.
Athletic powers of Australians, I.,
41.
Australia divided into three areas,
I., 194.
Australian Black, the, a cross of the
Negro and some other race, I.,
152, 182, 185.
Australians homogeneous, but with
remains of cross-breeding, I., 36.
Baffle Creek, vocabulary. III., 128.
Bags, ni., 156.
Ball-playuig, I., 167.
Ballina and Lismore, vocabularies,
III., 290.
BaUomie,Baleandoon,Nogara,Neran,
Weir, and Moonie Rivers, vocabu-
laries, in., 258.
Bangerang (proper), vocabulary,
m., 582.
Barcoo River, near Blackall, vocabu-
lary, m., 72.
Barcoo, Blackall, vocabulary, IH.,
76.
Barcoo, Tambo, tribes and vocabu-
laries, m., 78.
Barter, I, 77; n., 46.
Barwan, Gwyder, and Namoi Rivers,
Moree,Nundle,Wee-waa,Barraba,
Bogabrie, and Meek^, tribes and
vocabularies, HI., 304.
Bedsteads, 11., 331.
Beltana, tribe and vocabulary, n.,
118.
Belyando and Cape Rivers, between,
tribe and vocabulary. III., 18.
Belyando River, tribes and vocabu-
laries, m., 26.
Betrothals, early, I., 271, 291, 338,
343.
Black, Moimt, vocabulary, n., 486.
Blacks and Whites, first contact of,
I., 100.
Black trooper's, a, account of his
tribe, in., 78.
Blackwood, vocabulary, I., 360.
Blood relationship, I., 111.
Boiling food, I., 289.
Bone, wood, spear, one term for,
III., 438.
Boolcoomatta, vocabulary, H., 176.
Booloo River, Lower, vocabulary,
n., 42.
Boomerang, I., 146, 169; II., 143,
182 ; m., 19, 97.
702
INDEX.
Botany Bay, vocabulary, III., 413.
Boyne River, tribe and vocabulary,
III., 121.
Boys, Black, carried off by the
Whites, III., 72.
Breasts, woman, milk, mother,
water, rain, some of these words
synonymous, I., 178, 273, 292,
300, 303, 307, 356, 382, 388, 391,
414,418,420; III., 98, 196.
Brewarrina and Barwan, vocab-
ulary, III, 330.
Bridgemanon class-marriage, I., 113.
Brisbane River, Upper, vocabulary,
III., 210.
Brisbane River, vocabulary. III.,
212.
Broad Sound, vocabulary, III., 52.
Brother and sister, singular nomen-
clature, I., 118.
Brown River, vocabulary, III., 100.
Buckley, William, life and adven-
tures of, I., 57.
BuUoo River, Thargominda, tribe
and vocabulary, II,, 36.
Bumbang, vocabulary. III., 452.
Bunbury, Geographe Bay, &c., tribes
and vocabulary, I., 352.
Bunce, Daniel, his vocabulary, I. , 3.
Burdekin,Head of, tribe and vocabu-
lary, II., 432.
Burkekin, Mouths of, vocabulary,
II., 454.
Burdekin, Lower, vocabulary, II.,
488. .
Burdekin, various vocabularies, II.,
492.
Burke River, tribe and vocabulary,
II., 346.
Burke Town, vocabulary, II., 298.
Burials, I., 87, 164, 272, 330; II.,
38, 62, 183, 248, 342, 409, 476;
III., 22, 28, 91, 123, 354.
Bustard Bay, vocabulary. III.,
126.
Caledon Bay, vocabulary, I., 276.
Cannibalism, I., 77, 89, 252, 290,
376; II., 18, 62, 119, 179, 331,
346, 396, 400, 403, 474; III., 20,
120, 545.
Canoes, I., 148, 269, 273; II., 427;
III., 4.
Cape River, tribes and vocabulary,
II., 468.
Cape River, Upper, tribe and vo
oabulary, II., 464.
Cape York, not the point of first
landing, I., 203.
Cape York, tribe and vocabulary,
I., 278.
Caps of gypsum, II., 238.
Caste depends on the mother, I., 69.
Champion Bay, vocabulary, I, 316.
Charlotte Waters, tribe and vocabu-
lary, I., 416.
Charters Towers, vocabulary, II.,
458.
Child-birth, easy, I., 70.
Children, dead, carried about by
mother, I., 89.
Children named after the fingers,
in., 29.
Chisel, I., 147.
Circumcision, I., 74, 75, 159, 196,
368, 402, 403, 411, 422; 11., 19,
38, 55, 112, 136, 144, 148, 171,
326, 389.
Clarence River, vocabulary. III.,
332.
Clarke River, vocabulary, II., 436.
Class-marriage, I., 110, 290, 298,
321, 417; n., 37, 48, 307, 376,
425, 427; in., 26, 45, 65, 91, 162,
223, 270, 271, 272, 305, 461.
Class-marriage in Asia, Africa, and
America, I., 111.
Class-names, Australian, Kubby and
Yunagree, found in Africa, I., 177,
Cleveland Bay, tribe and vocabulary,
II., 442.
Cloncurry River, tribe and vocabu-
lary, II., 330.
Clothing, none in the North, I., 93;
III., 45.
Clubs, I., 146; III., 544.
Cocoanut trees, old, II., 294.
Collective terms, I., 13.
Colors, names for. III., 338.
Comets, I., 50.
Comet River, tribe and vocabulary,
III., 96.
Compass, points of, I., 83, 311, 339,
397, 407; II., 142.
Condamine and Charley's Creek,
vocabulary. III., 220.
Consumption, I., 227, 336, 402; II.,
37, 119, 144, 258, 307, 474; III.,
96, 223, 252.
Cook, Captain, term Kangaroo, I.,
27.
Cooper's Creek, tribe and vocabu-
lary, II., 24.
Corroboree, the, I., 89, 93, 255, 403;
II., 178; III., 167, 170.
Councils of old men, I., 52.
Creation, I., 45, 253; II., 47.
Crests or Kobong, I., 99.
INDEX.
703
Culgoa, vocabulary, III., 328.
Cultivation by New Noroia Blacks,
I., 79.
Cultivation not practised by Austra-
lians, I., 78.
Customs, punishments for breach of,
I., 60 J ni., 546.
Customs, superstitions, &c., coimnon
to Australians and Africans, I.,
158 to 170.
Dalrymple Kange, near, vocabu-
lary, n., 440.
Barliiig River, Bourke, tribe and
vocabulary, 11., 186.
Dartmoor, vocabulary, III,, 484.
Daughters, I., 61.
Dawson, J., on government, 1., 55.
Dawson River, vocabulary. III., 102.
Day of meeting, how fixed, lU. , 460.
Dead child carried about by mother,
ni., 252.
Dead, the names of, never men-
tioned, I., 338.
Death believed to be the result of
old age or sorcery, 1., 48.
Deaths of kinsfolk, survivors an-
swerable for, I. , 289.
Decline of the race, I., 209.
Decrease in number of aborigines,
II., 257.
Deluge, a, tradition of. III.. 547.
Denison, Port, tribe and vocabulary,
in., 4.
Diamantina, Head of, vocabulary,
ni., 12.
Diamantina, Lower, tribe and vo-
cabulary, 11., 371.
Diamantina and Middleton Creek,
vocabulary, III., 14.
Diseases, I., 208, 209, 256; II., 258;
III., 44, 165, 274.
Division of all things into two classes,
III., 45.
Division of tribes into two primary
classes. III., 65.
Dogs, II., 47.
Doubtful Bay, vocabulary, I., 392.
Drink, to, translated water eat, I.,
325, 335, 341, 351, 355, 361, 372,
378, 388, 391 ; in., 50, 98, 100,
104, 231.
Drinks, artificial, I., 83 ; III., 306.
Drinking water, mode of, I., 167.
Duke of York Island, vocabulary,
III., 694.
Dumaresque or Upper Maclntyre,
III., 264.
Dwellings, I., 97.
Ear, pierced for ornament, II., 390.
Eastern shore of Lake Torrens,
vocabulary, II., 126.
Eat, never, in common, I. , 82.
Eclipses, I., 50, 400; II. 450.
Education of aboriginal children, I.,
71, 105.
Elliott, Mount, tribe and vocabulary,
II., 448.
Elopements, I., 108 ; III., 546.
Emu call, the, II., 472.
Emu killed by poisoned water, I.,
377.
Emu speared, III., 22.
Endeavour River, vocabulary, II.,
392.
Bucla, tribe and vocabulary, I., 400.
Evelyn Creek, tribe and vocabulary,
IL, 152.
Evil spirits, I., 298 ; 11., 475.
Excrement, names of places derived
from equivalent of, I. , 33.
Exogamous and endogamous tribes,
L, 111.
Expedition Range, Dawson, Fitzroy,
Mackenzie, and Isaacs Rivers,
part of, tribes and vocabulary,
III., 58.
Extraction of aboriginal race, I.,
100.
Eyre, E. J., on marriage, I., 129.
Eyre's Sand Patch, tribe and vo-
cabulary, I., 394.
Pasting, a sign of sorrow, I. , 289.
Fat of slain enemies worn in beard,
I., 290.
Felony, law of, II., 53.
Fifty miles below Bourke, vocabu-
lary, II., 224.
Fights, feminine. III., 157.
Fights, tribal, I., 331, 339.
Fighting, curious method of. III.,
121.
Finger, joint of, of female, ampu-
tated, L, 73, 74.
Finger, point of, amputated. III.,
144, 154, 223, 406.
Finger and thumb of the dead tied
together, I., 324, 332, 348.
Fire by friction, I., 167, 331.
Fire and camp, synonymous, I.,
362, 384.
Fire and wood, the same word for,
L, 275, 293, 305, 389, 416; IIL,
7, 13, 17, 233, 247, 257, 385, 583.
Fish and Rivers called Paroo and
Booloo, II. , 3.
Fishing, mode of, II., 144.
704
INDEX.
Fison on olass-marriage, I., 119.
Flinders, Upper, vocabulary, II.,
460.
Flinders and Clonourry, tribe and
vocabulary, II., 340.
Flour from grass-seeds, I., 289 ;
11., 3, 47, 78.
Food, I., 54, 79; H., 18, 37, 46,
75, 112, 253, 427, 473 ; III., 27,
90, 159.
Food, restrictions on, I., 54, 72,
81, 166, 289, 296 ; III., 20, 64,
91, 97, 138, 159, 223, 252, 273,
305, 545.
Fort Cooper, vocabulary. III., 40.
Four, the equivalents of , I., 392.
Freemasonry does not exist, I., 93.
Gason, Sam., on terms of relation-
ship, I., 135-
Gawler Range, vocabulary, II., 130.
Genealogical tree, I., 321.
Ghosts, I., 44, 87, 330, 339; II., 443.
Giles, Ernest, on cannibalism, I., 77.
Gippsland, tribes and vocabulary,
III., 539, 543.
Glenelg, Upper, and Wannon, vo-
cabulary, III., 478.
Glenelg above Sandford, vocabu-
lary, III., 480.
Globe, the, ideas about, I., 83.
God, Australians, have they a know-
ledge of? I., 44, 158, 253; U.,
239,249, 475; III., 146,305.
Gonn Station, vocabulary. III., 506.
Goulburn Eiver, Yarra, Ac, tribes
and languages. III., 523.
Government, I., 52; II., 20, 38,
246 333.
Grammar, III,, 111, 212, 238.
Great Australian Bight, vocabulary,
1., 407.
Green boughs, token of peace, I., 86.
Grey, Sir George, paintings dis-
covered by, I., 96 ; erroneous
statement by, 67 ; on marriage,
118, 128.
Gunbower Station, vocabulary, III.,
508.
Hair, I., 39, 182; III., 153.
Hair and grass, terms have some
affinity, II., 296.
Hairless family, a, I., 40; III., 258.
Hand, foot, remarks on their equiv-
alents, I., 189. .
HaU-caste Australians, I. , 42.
Halifax Bay, II., 424.
Hamilton and Georgina Rivers, &c. ,
tribe and vocabulary, II., 350.
Hamilton, ^near Boulia, vocabulary,
II., 364.
Hamilton, vocabulary. III., 486.
Hawkesbury River, vocabulary,
ni., 360.
Head and hair expressed by one
word. III., 150, 210.
Head of Gilbert, vocabulary, II.,
416.
Head of Hamilton River, tribe and
vocabulary, II., 360.
Head of Mitchell, tribe and vocabu-
lary, II., 402.
Head of Walsh, tribe and vocabu-
lary, II., 408.
Head of Walsh, near, vocabulary,
II., 414.
Healesville, Upper Yarra, vocabu-
lary, 111., 530.
Herbert, vocabulary, II., 422.
Hinchinbrook Island, tribe and vo-
cabulary, II., 418.
Hopkins River, vocabulary. III.,
492.
Horsemen, Australians as, I., 41.
Howitt, on division of game, I., 81.
Hunter River, tribe and vocabulary,
III., 352.
Husband's power over wife, I., 109,
Hyde Clarke, I., xv.
Illustrations, I., xix.
Incantations, II., 74.
Infant buried with deceased mother,
I., 352.
Infants, light-colored at birth, I.,
40.
Infanticide, I., 70, 76, 104,272,402;
,11., 37, 46, 143,182; HI., 96.
Irwin and Murchison, tribe and
' vocabulary, I. , 368.
Itch, pustular, I., 208; II., 73, 261.
Jervis Bay, vocabulary. III., 420.
Junction of Darling and Murray,
tribe and vocabulary, II., 238.
Junction of Goulburn and Murray,
tribes and vocabularies, III., 567.
Junction of Lachlan, Murrumbidgee,
and Darling, vocabularies, II., 285.
Kaalk or Kalk, meaning bone,
wood, spear, III., 500.
Kamilaroi grammar, I., 20.
Kangaroo, different terms for, ac-
cording to age and sex, I., 386.
INDEX.
705
Kangaroo and Black man expressed
by one term, I., 27, 277, 322, 326,
332, 340, 344 ; HI., 119, 210, 230,
330.
Kataw River, New Guinea, vocabu-
lary, IH., 686.
Kent District, vocabulary, I., 390.
Keppel Bay, Calliope River, Curtis
Island, ni., 114.
Kerang, vocabulary, in., 512.
Kidney fat lost by incantation, I.,
47.
King George's Sound, tribe and vo-
cabulary, I., 386.
King and Georgina, junction of,
II., 366.
Knife, I., 147, 337.
Kojonup and Etioup, tribe and vo-
cabulary, I., 348.
Kopi, II., 238, 366.
Kopperamana, vocabulary, II., 108.
Kulkyne, vocabulary. III., 454.
Kumbo, a personal and class name,
I., 112.
Lake Boga, vocabulary, HI., 502.
Lake Boga, near, vocabulary, III.,
504.
Lake HLndmarsh, vocabulary, III. ,
474.
Lake Wallace, vocabulary, in., 476.
Land, property of individual, but
used by tribe, I., 64.
Lands, tribal,boundaries not marked,
I., xviii.
Landing, first, and spread of Aus-
tralians, chapter on, I., 190.
Landing, first, in Australia, anterior
to first landing in New Guinea,
I., 204.
Landing of Australians, first, point
of, I., 200.
Landing of Australians, first, as-
signed by tradition to the north-
west coast, I., 198.
Language, disturbance of, on north
coast, I., 247.
Language, a few Malay affinities on
north coast, I., 248.
Languages, aboriginal, chapter on,
I., 3.
Languages, Australian, letters used
in spelling, I., 3.
Languages, Australian, from one
source, I., 5.
Languages, Australian, all closely
related, I., 5.
Languages, Australian, disturbance
of, on north coast, I., 5.
Languages, number of, in Australia,
L, 12.
Languages contain inflexions not
found in Aryan tongues, I., 19,
20.
Languages of Australia and Africa,
resemblances between the, I., 170.
Law of common responsibility, I.,
70.
Laws of hunting, I., 81.
Leg, speared as a punishment, I.,
349.
Leichhardt, Dr., on poisonous vege-
tables prepared for food, I., 80.
Leichhardt and Gregory Rivers, be-
tween, tribe and vocabulary, n.,
322.
Leichhardt, below Kamilaroi Sta-
tion, vocabulary, U., 316.
Leichhardt, Kamilaroi Station, tribe
and vocabulary, n. , 318.
Leichhardt River, near the sea,
vocabulary, II., 314.
Limbs of the dead tied up, I., 44,
330.
Limitation of population, II., 19.
Linguists, Australians as, I., 11.
List of works on Australian Blacks,
chapter on, I. , 235.
Lockhart, C. G. N., on class-mar-
'riage, I., 112.
Logan Creek, tribe and vocabulary,
in., 36.
Longevity, I., 336; n., 378, 402,
408; in., 19, 45, 79, 122, 138,
252, 304.
Love-letters, III., 176.
Lower Macleay, vocabulary, III.,
334.
Lower Warrego and Paroo Rivers,
tribes and vocabularies, II., 182.
Loyalty Isles, vocabulary, III. , 690.
Lubbock's Origin of Civilization,
errors in, I., 236.
Lynd River, tribe and vocabulary,
n., 400.
Maoumba River, tribe and vocabu-
lary, I., 422.
Maiming the youth of both sexes,
L, 73.
Malay, vocabulary, in., 696.
Malays,!., 37, 247, 271.
Mallee Cliffs to Wentworth, vocabu-
lary, II., 282.
Manhood, the rank of, attained, I.,
54, 72, 73, 255, 306, 377, 403, 417;
n., 144, 183; ni., 145, 166, 252.
2 T
706
INDEX.
Manna, I., 83.
Manners and customs, chapter on,
I., 36.
Manning River, vocabulary. III.,
350.
Map, remarks on, I., xviii.
Maraohowie, vocabulary, 11., 132.
Maranoa, part of, tribes and vocabu-
laries, in., 251.
Marriage, chapter on, I., 106.
Marriages between blood relations
forbidden, 1., 106; III., 4, 353.
•See also heading Glass-marriage.
Marriages, I., 297; Hi, 19, 112,
136, 245, 332.
Marriages, early, II., 144, 182, 307,
342, 403; IH., 4.
Mary River, tribe and vocabulary,
in., 152.
McLennon's Studies of Ancient His-
tory, I., 68.
Meenong or Meernung tribes, I.,
195, 200.
Menindie, vocabulary, II., 234.
Mental characteristics of Austra-
lians, I., 42.
Message-sticks, I., 150, 256. 291,
306, 332, 381, 386; II., 179, 183,
332, 427, 477; III., 5, 37, 79, 97,
253.
Messengers, I., 149, 377.
Middle Norman, tribe and vocabu-
lary, n., 310.
Milky Way, I., 50, 403; II., 475;
III., 91.
Minung or Meening tribes, I., 367,
394, 400.
Missionaries, I., 104.
Mitchell, Major, incorrect vocabu-
lary, I., xvii.
Modes of sitting, I., 39.
Moneroo or Manera, vocabulary,
in., 429.
Monogamy, II., 294, 371, 378.
Monsters in rivers, belief in, I., 166,
181.
Montagu, G., on terms of relation-
ship, I., 138.
Mooraijool, vocabulary. III.. 518.
Moorhouse's grammar and vocabu-
lary, I., 10.
Moral feelings of Australians, I.,
43, 100.
Mordiyallook, vocabulary, III., 534.
Moreton Bay, Eraser's Island, &c.,
vocabularies. III., 130.
Moreton Plains, vocabulary. III.,
472.
Mother-in-law and son-in-law, mu-
tual avoidance of, I., 97; III.,
139, 163, 461, 646.
Moulmein, vocabulary. III., 500.
Mount Emu, vocabulary, III, 516.
Mount Freeling, tribe and vocabu-
lary, II., 44.
Mount Gambler, tribe and vocabu-
lary, III., 460.
Mount Hope, vocabulary. III., 510.
Mount Remarkable, tribe and voca-
bulary, II., 136.
Mount Rouse, vocabulary, IH., 488.
Mount Serle, vocabulary, II., 116.
Mount Stirling, vocabulary, I., 384,
Mourning, II., 36; IH., 21, 45.
Mouth of De' Grey River, tribe and
vocabulary, I., 287-
Mouth of Leichhardt, tribe and
vocabulary, II., 300.
Mouth of the Murchison, tribe and
vocabulary, I., 310.
Mouth of Murray to Lacepede Bay,
tribe and vocabulary, II., 242.
Mozambique languages, I. , xv.
Mummies, I., 88; III., 273.
Murray, Upper, vocabulary, HI.,
562.
Mutilations, personal, made by force,
I., 52.
Nakedness, shame of, II., 472.
Name, original tribal, of the first
Australians, I., 28.
Names of aborigines, I., 252, 269,
270, 278, 299, 348, 378, 396, 417;
II., 4, 19, 38, 113, 159, 179, 182,
195, 326, 367, 401, 438; III., 4,
59, 91, 97, 224, 334, 545.
Names of infancy relinquished, I.,
72.
National life unknown in Australia,
I., 192.
Natti-yallook, vocabulary, HI., 514.
Ned's Corner, vocabulary, II., 280.
Negative adverb, peculiarities con-
nected with, I., 15, 33, 196; II.,
118, 285, 389; III., 3, 55, 102,
152, 222, 230, 258, 304, 363, 417,
438.
Negative, mode of replying in the,
III., 247, 493, 501.
Negro, the, homogeneous in mental,
physical, and linguistic charac-
teristics, I., 154.
Nerang Creek, vocabulary. III., 240.
Nets, bags, baskets, awls, water-
bags, &c., I., 151.
Neutral ground, a, II., 293,
INDEX.
707
New Norcia, Black farmers of, I., 79.
New Norcia and Cape Leschenault,
tribe and vocabulary, I., 318.
Newcastle, tribe and vocabulary,
I., 324.
Newcastle, 200 miles north-east of,
tribe and vocabulary, I., 380.
Nicholson River and the coast,
between, vocabulary, II., 296.
Nickol Bay, tribe and vocabulary,
I., 296.
Nipples cut off, I., 76.
Nockatoonga, vocabulary, 11., 34.
Nogoa River, tribe and vocabulary,
III., 90.
North of Lake Eyre, vocabulary,
II., 14.
North-west of Barrier Range, vo-
cabulary, II., 173.
North-west Cape, tribe and vocabu-
lary, I., 302.
North-west of Lake Eyre, vocabu-
lary, II., 12.
North-west comer of New South
Wales, tribe and vocabulary, II.,
158.
Northampton, vocabulary, I., 314.
Nose pierced, I., 71, 73, 164; II.,
37, 53.
Nullabar Plain, I., 395, 400.
Numerals, I., 31, 205.
Occupations of women, I., 99.
Ochre and grease, anointing with,
II., 18, 36; ni., 19, 252.
Omeo, vocabulary. III., 558.
Origin of Australian race, chapter
on, L, 152.
Origin of this work, I. , xiii.
Ornaments, personal, I., 94; II., 36,
80, 143, 464, 471; III., 4, 19, 36,
90, 122, 252, 272.
Ornamentation and art, I., 94.
Ovens, L, 82; IL, 37, 148.
Ovens, caves, &c., and the question
of whether the present race were
the first occupants of the Austra-
lian continent. III., 675.
Paintings and carving, I., 95; II.,
403, 476.
Palmer River, tribe and vocabulary,
n., 396.
Paper-bark, covering at night, I.,
251, 270.
Papuans, I., 205.
Papuan, African, and other lan-
guages, table showing points of
resemblance, I., 187.
Paroo and Warrego, tribes and vo-
cabularies, m., 270.
Peak Downs, tribes and vocabulary,
III., 64.
Peake Telegraph Station, vocabu-
lary, II., 10.
Peopling of Australia, I., 185.
Personal appearance of Australians,
I, 37.
Personal property, I., 66.
Perth, tribe and vocabulary, I., 328.
Piangil, vocabulary. III., 448.
Pinjarra, vocabulary, I., 346.
Pipe-clay, UI., 138.
Pitcheree, L, 83, 417, 422; II., 19,
24, 38, 39, 152, 371, 377, 379;
HL, 273.
Point at which first Australians
landed, I., 200.
Point at which the peopling of Aus-
tralia became complete. III., 542.
Police, and their atrocities, I. , 101 ;
n, 330,424, 469; III., 44.
Polygamy, I., 106, 110, 192, 338,
377; IL, 246, 403, 474; IIL,
546.
Polygamy and abduction of women,
factors in spread of race, I., 192.
Port Darwin, tribe, customs, and
vocabulary, I., 250.
Port Dorei, New Guinea, vocabu-
lary, in. 688.
Port Essington, tribe and vocabu-
lary, I., 268.
Port Jackson, or Sydney Harbour,
tribe and vocabulary, III. , 406.
Port Lincoln, vocabulary, II. , 8.
Port Mackay, tribe, I., 113.
Port Mackay, tribe and vocabulary,
in., 44.
Port Macquarie, vocabulary. III.,
338. .,
Port Pirie, vocabulary, II. , 140.
Porter's Range, vocabulary, II. ,
456.
Portland, Lake Condah, &c., vo-
cabulary, in., 490.
Princess Charlotte's Bay, tribe and
vocabulary, II. , 389.
Property, personal, of women recog-
nized, I., 66.
Quarrels of women, I., 331.
Queanbeyan, vocabulary, III., 424.
QueenbuUa, Ashford, &c., vocabu-
lary, m., 298.
Questions, list of, and replies by
Teuton, II., 189.
708
INDEX.
RafiBes Bay, tribe and vocabulary,
I., 270.
Eain and wind makers, I., 273. -
Rain-makers, I., 48; 11., 66, 168,
183, 403; III., 144.
Rats, plague of, II., 341.
Ravenbourne Creek, vocabulary,
III., 84.
Ravenswood, vocabulary, II., 484.
Red ochre, expeditions for, II., 70.
Relations, domestic and foreign, of
tribes, I., 60.
RelationsMp, terms of, I., 123, 135
to 142; II., 113, 118, 307, 426;
III., 65, 364, 499.
Richmond River, vocabulary, lU.,
286.
Ridley on class-marriage, I,, 113.
Ridley's Kamilaroi grammar. I., 20.
Rockhampton, vocabulary, III., 54.
Roper River, tribe and vocabulary,
I., 276.
Rosendo Salvado, Bishop, lengthy
report on the health of Blacks at
his Mission Station, I., 228.
Routes, three, by -which the race
spread over the continent, and
characteristics of the tribes of the
three routes, I., 194, 196.
Sandford, Upper, tribe and vocabu-
lary, I., 375.
Scars, ornamental, I., 73, 94, 272,
338, 402, 417; II., 37, 183, 474;
III., 36, 73, 97, 223.
Scarring, not tattooing, I., 159.
Scrubby Creek, vocabulary. III., 42.
Sculpture, specimen of, I., 96.
Senses of Australians, I., 40.
. Seymour, Templeton, and Concurry
Rivers, tribe and vocabulary, II.,
326.
Seymour to Murohison, vocabulary,
III., 528.
Shark Bay, tribe and vocabulary,
I., 306.
Shaw River, tribe and vocabulary,
I., 294.
Shields, I., 146._
Shoes worn in night attacks, I., 148.
Sickness and remedies, I., 98.
Signs and signals, communication
by, I., 26, 93, 255; II., 418; IH.,
91.
Sixty miles west of Menindie, II.,
174.
Skins of the dead carried about,
111., 136, 147, 166.
Small-pox amongst Australians, I.,
210, 221, 252, 256, 271, 290, 296,
302, 369, 376, 380, 402; H., 37,
73, 136, 148, 182, 260, 332, 432;
III., 79, 97, 114, 122, 138, 252,
406, 545.
Smyth's, R. B., Aborigines of Vic-
toria, errors in, I., 237.
Smyth, R. B., on government, I.,
52 53.
Snake-bites, I., 257; H., 266; III.,
306.
Snowy River, vocabulary, III., 560.
Sons, I., 61.
Sorcery, I., 45, 47, 50, 85, 160, 324;
II., 38, 246; III., 27, 147, 547,
549.
Spear and tree, equivalents of, affi-
nity, m., 275, 281, 283.
Spear and wood, equivalents of, affi-
nity, II., 349; m., 81, 85, 87,
281, 283.
Spears, I., 144, 329.
Spread of the tribes from north to
south, I., 197.
Stars, superstitions about, I., 50;
resting-place of the dead, 255 ;
III., 29.
Stone, bone, wood, spear, &c., affin-
ity of their equivalents, III., 251.
Stones for grinding grass-seeds, I.,
149.
Stradbroke and Moreton Islands,
tribes and vocabularies, III., 222.
Strangway Springs, vocabulary, II.,
110.
Streaky Bay, vocabulary, II., 3.
Strzelecki, Count, theory about
child-bearing, I., 310; II., 263.
Strzelecki's Creek, tribe, II., 44.
Sunstrokes and snake-bites, II., 330.
Superstitions, minor, I., 50; III.,
29, 176.
Swan Hill and Tyntynder, vocabu-
lary, in., 439.
Swan Hill, 50 miles south of, voca-
bulary, m., 446.
Swords, I., 146 ; H., 143, 402 ;
III., 4.
Table of New Guinea and other
languages, I., 187.
Tables of remarkable resemblances
in languages of Australia and
Africa, I., 179.
Table showing connections of Negro
languages, I., 155.
Taplin on Folklore, II., 166.
INDEX.
709
Tasmanians, the, their customs,
languages, and descent, III., 593.
Tatiarra country, vocabulary, III.,
456.
Teeth knocked out, I., 72, 73, 164;
II., 18,54, 183, 198; IH., 97.
Tenterfield and Glen Innes, vocabu-
laries, ni., 294.
Terms of relationship, II., 307.
Terrible rite, 1., 72, 74, 75, 196,
368, 411, 422; II., 19, 61, 112,
171, 326, 367, 389.
Teulon, G. N., on terms of relation-
ship, I., 139.
Teulon's contribution, II., 186.
Thomson, Barooo, and Whitula,
tribes and vocabularies, II., 374.
Thomson, Upper, vocabulary, III.,
10.
Thomborough diggings, vocabulary,
II., 412.
Thumbs of the dead tied togfither,
1., 87.
Thunder, I., 402.
Tintinalagi, vocabulary, II., 230.
Tobacco, effect of, on native women,
II., 263.
Toeumwall, vocabulary. III., 584.
Toes of corps, big, tied together,
in., 91.
Tolarno, vocabulary, II., 236.
Tomahawks, I., 147, 329; II., 18,
36, 375, 471.
To-morrow, day after to-morrow,
yesterday, III., 242, 251, 286,
331, 359.
Tongs, 1., 149.
Tongue, eat, , and drink, aflSnities
between, II., 39.
Tongue, eat, food, relations of. III.,
364.
Torrowotto tribe and vocabulary,
n., 178.
Totems, I., 98; III., 91.
Tower Hill and Cornish Creeks, vo-
cabulary, III., 8.
Traditions of the origins of tribes,
II., 165.
Trees with water in roots, I., 83.
Tribal customs, compliance with or
death, I., 62.
Tribe, number of persons in, I.,
66.
Tribes, associated, I., 62, 67.
Tribes or burra. III., 26.
Tweed River, vocabulary, III.,
242.
Twofold Bay, tribe and vocabulary,
111,434.
Ulupna, vocabulary. III., 586.
Umbertana, tribe and vocabulary,
II., 112.
Upper Burnett, vocabulary, III.,
150.
V, the letter, IH., 339.
Vegetables, catalogue of, 11., 78.
Victoria Plains, vocabulary, I.,- 322.
Vocabulary,- common, chapter on,
I., 27.
Vocabularies, early ones, often in-
correct, I., xvi.
War, I., 84, 256; II., 38, 477.
Warburton Kiver, tribe and vocab-
ulary, II., 18.
Warrego and Paroo, tribes and vo-
cabularies, III., 270.
Warrior Island, vocabulary, III.,
684.
Water obtained from roots of trees,
I., 83, 397.
Water-bags, I., 331. ; II., 427.
Water-buckets, III., 96.
Weapons and implements, I., 143.
Weary Bay, tribe and vocabulary,
II., 393.
Weinteriga, vocabulary, 11., 232.
Wellington and North-west Bend
of the Murray, vocabulary, II.',
274.
Wells, II., 327.
West of Lake Eyre, vocabulary,
II., 16.
Westaway, E,., on terms of relation-
ship, I., 139.
Western River, vocabulary. III.,
16.
Whites supposed to be returned
ancestors of Blacks, I. , 339.
White man and ghost, one word for,
I., 51 ; III., 50, 62, 80, 214.
Widows, I., 271; 11., 197, 425, 432;
III., 21.
Widows carry about bones of de-
ceased husbands, III., 65.
Wiiratheri dialects, III., from 363
to 401.
Wilcannia, vocabulary, II., 226.
Witchcraft. See Sorcery.
Wives obtained in exchange for
daughters and sisters, I., 17.
Wollengong, vocabulary, III., 417.
Women, I., 40, 70, 99, 107, 109,
129, 271, 338, 369; II., 182, 332;
ni., 22.
Wommera, I., 145, 269 ; II., 144,
182, 426 ; III., 90.
710
INDEX.
Wonoka, vocabulary, II., 124.
Wood, bone, spear, one word for,
III., 438.
Woodford, vocabulary, III., 482.
Words, several in same sense, I.,
14.
Works, list of, which treat of our
Blacks, chapter on, I., 235.
Wounds, I., 256; II., 180, 262;
in., 22, 29.
Yarra, Lower, vocabulary. III., 532.
Yass, vocabulary. III., 426.
Yes — a tribe named from the affir-
mative, III., 264.
Yesterday. See To-morrow.
Yiilima, vocabulary. III., 588.
York, tribe and vocabulary, I., 336.
Yorke's Peninsula, tribe and vocab-
ulary, n., 143.
Yoruba, vocabulary, HI,, 698.
Yule Island, vocabulary. III., 682.
Jl
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