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FROM 

H. Worden 




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Lorna Doone 

Htwuri Py]e, Ariisi 



ZORNA DOONE, knowiyig thai her supposed, grandfather, old Sir 
Ensor, is near death, and fearing -that after he goes she will have to 
marry Carver Doone, signals to Joh>i Ridd to come up to the Doone 
t/ alley. She has confided her love for him to Sir Ensor, and takes her lover 
to her grandfather at once. John finds the old man in a gloomy, dark room, 
lighted only bv two candles besides the one carried, by forna. Sir Elisor is 
evidently dying, but he is, not in bed. Instead of this, the stern, comely old 
man is propped in an upright chair, his cloak drawn about him. Hisichite 
hair falls over the scarlet cloak, his rigid fi'ngers are laid upon it. His large 
dark eyes are fixed iin movingly upon Johii while the latter tells his story. 

R.. D. Blachmore s "Lorna Doone. " 



XX 



'Ai^ 




'®— ^w~ 



HARACTER SKETCHES 
OF ROMANCE, FICTION 
AND THE DRAMA : : : : 



A REVISED AMERICAN EDITION 
OF THE READER'S HANDBOOK 



BY 

THE REV. E. COBHAM BREWER, LLD. 

EDITED BY 
MARION HARLAND 



VOLUME II 




NEW YORK 



SELMAR HESS 



PUBLISHER 



M C M I I 



Kc 



PH 



/]pi'-^^"s 



Copyright by 
Selmab Hess. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

VOLUME II. 
PHOTOGRAVURES AND ETCHINGS. 

To "face 
Illustration Artist ^■'^^ 

puye 

LORNA DOONE Howard Pylb Frontispiece 

BERNHARDT AS CLEOPATRA '^^T.l Photograph ) 244 

jrom lAje ) 

ABBfi CONSTANTIN Madeleine Lemaiee 254 

ICHABOD CRANE - E. A. Abbey 270 

CAPTAIN CUTTLE Frederick Barnard 280 

THE TRUSTY ECKART Julius Adam 356 

ELAINE Toby Rosenthal 364 

WOOD ENGRAVINGS AND TYPOGRAVURES. 

CATARINA 206 

CHARLES IX. ON THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW P. Grotjohann 216 

CHARLOTTE CORDAY AND MARAT .... Jules Aviat 218 

CHATTERTON'S HOLIDAY AFTERNOON - - . W. B. Morris 220 

CHILDREN (THE) IN THE WOOD J. Sant 222 

CHILLON (THE PRISONER OF) 224 

CIRCE AND HER SWINE Briton RiviiiRE 234 

CLARA (DONNA) AND ALMANZOR 236 

CLARA, JACQUES AND ARISTIDB Adrien Marie. 238 

CLAUDIO AND ISABELLA Holman Hunt 240 

COLUMBUS AND HIS EGG Leo. Reiffenstein 250 

VOL. II., 8 VOL. ED. iii 



IV 

Illustration Artist ^^/^/^ 

CONSUELO - 256 

COSETTE - - - - - G. GuAY 264 

COSTIGAN (CAPTAIN) - - - - - - F. Barnard 266 

COVERLEY (SIR ROGER DE) COMING PROM CHURCH Chas. R. Leslie 268 

CYMON AND IPHIGENIA - - - - Sir Prederick Leighton 282 

DAPHNIS AND CHLOE - Gerard 290 

DARBY AND JOAN IN HIGH-LIPE - - C. Dendy Sadler 292 

D'ARTAGNAN ----- 294 

DEANS (EPPIE) AND HER SISTER IN THE PRISON R. Herdman 298 

(DE BERGERAC) CYRANO PROMPTING CHRISTIAN 300 

DERBLAY (MADAME) STOPS THE DUEL - - Emile Bayard 304 

DIDO ON THE FUNERAL PYRE - - - E. Keller 312 

DOMBEY (PAUL AND FLORENCE) - - - . 326 

EGMONT AND CLARCHEN C. Hueberlin 362 

ELECTRA - - - - E. Teschendorff 366 

ELIZABETH AND MARY STUART - - - - W. von Kaulbach 368 

ELIZABETH, THE LANDGRAVINE .... Theodor Pixis 370 

ELLEN, THE LADY OF THE LAKE* .... J. Adams- Acton 372 

ELLIE (LITTLE) - . . . 374 

ERMINIA AND THE SHEPHERDS .... Domenichino 380 

ESMERALDA - G. Brion 390 

ESTE (LEONORA D') AND TASSO W. von Kaulbach 392 

EVANGELINE ' Edwin Douglas 400 

EVE'S FAREWELL TO PARADISE R. Westall 402 

VOL. II., 8 VOL. ED. 



CHABACTER SKETCHES OE ROMAl^rOE, 
FICTION, AND THE DEAMA. 




^AS'SIO (Michael), a Flor- 
entine, lieutenant in the Ve- 
netian army under the com- 
mand of Othello. Simple- 
minded but not strong- 
minded, and therefore easily led by others 
who possessed greater power of will. Be- 
ing overcome with wine, he engaged in a 
street-brawl, for which he was suspended 
by Othello, but Desdemona pleaded for his 
restoration. lago made capital of this 
intercession to rouse the jealousy of the 
Moor. Cassio's " almost " wife was Bianca, 
his mistress.— Shakespeare, Othello (1611). 

"Cassio" is brave, benevolent, and honest, 
ruined only by Ms want of stubbornness to re- 
sist an insidious invitation. Dr. Johnson. 

Cassiope'ia, wife of Ce'pheus (2 syl.) 
king of Ethiopia, and mother of Androm'- 
eda. She boasted herself to be fairer than 
the sea-nymphs, and Neptune, to punish 
her, sent a huge sea-serpent to ravage her 
husband's kingdom. At death she was 
made a constellation, consisting of thirteen 
stars, the largest of which form a " chair " 
or imperfect W. 

. . . had you been 
Sphered up with Cassiopeia. 

Tennyson, The PriHcess, iv. 

Cassius, instigator of the conspiracy 

VOL. II. OP 8 VOL. ED. 205 



against Julius Caesar, and friend of Brutus. 
—Shakespeare, Julius Ccesar (1607). 

Brutus. The last of all the Romans, fare thee 
weH! 
It is impossible that ever Rome 
Should breed thy feUow. Friends, I owe more 

tears 
To this dead man than you shall see me pay. 
I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time. 

Act V. se. 3. 

Charles Mayne Young trod the boards with 
freedom. His countenance was equally well 
adapted for the expression of pathos or of pride ; 
thus in such parts as "Hamlet," "Beverley," 
"The Stranger," "Pierre," "Zanga," and "Cas- 
sius," he looked the men he represented.— Rev. 
J. Young, Life of G. M. Young. 

*** "Hamlet" (Shakespeare); "Bever- 
ley" {The Gamester, Moore); "The 
Stranger "(B. Thompson); "Pierre" {Ven- 
ice Preserved, Otway) ; " Zanga " {Revenge, 
Young). 

Castalio, son of lord Acasto, and Poly- 
dore's twin-brother. Both the brothers 
loved their father's ward, Monim'ia "the 
orphan." The ,love of Polydore was dis- 
honorable love, but Castalio loved her 
truly and married her in private. On the 
bridal night Polydore by treachery took 
his brother's place, and next day, when 
Monimia discovered the deceit which had 



CASTALIO 



206 



CATHARINE 



been practised on her, and Polydore heard 
tliat Monimia was really married to Ms 
brother, the bride poisoned herself, the 
adulterer ran upon his brother's sword, 
and the husband stabbed himself. — Otway, 
The Orphan (1680). 

Casta'ra, the lady addressed by "Wm. 
Habington in his poems. She was Lucy 
Herbert (daughter of Wm. Herbert, first 
lord Powis), and became his wife. (Latin, 
casta, "chaste.") 

If then, Castara, I in heaven nor move, 
Nor earth, nor hell, where am I but in love ? 
W. Habington, To Castara (died 1654). 

The poetry of Habiagton shows that he pos- 
eessed ... a real passion for a lady of birth and 
virtue, the " Castara " whom he afterwards mar- 
ried. — HaUam. 

Cas'tlewood {Beatrix), the heroine of 
Esmond, a novel by Thackeray, the " finest 
picture of splendid lustrous physical 
beauty ever given to the world." 

Cas'tor {Steph'a^os), the wrestler. — Sir 
W. Scott, Count Eobert of Paris (time, Ru- 
fus). 

Castor, of classic fable, is the son of Ju- 
piter and Leda, and twin-brother of Pol- 
lux. The brothers were so attached to 
each other that Jupiter set them among the 
stars, where they form the constellation 
Gemini (" the twins"). Castor and Pollux 
are called the Bios' curi or " sons of Dios," 
i.e. Jove. 

Cas'triot {George), called by the Turks 
"Scanderbeg" (1404-1467). George Cas- 
triot was son of an Albanian prince, de- 
livered as a hostage to Amurath II. He 
won such favor from the sultan that he 
was put in command of 5000 men, but 
abandoned the Turks in the battle of 
Mora'va (1443). 



This is the first dark blot 
On thy name, George Castriot. 
Longfellow, The Wayside Inn (an interlude). 

Castruc'cio Castraca'ni's Sword. 

"When Victor Emmanuel II. went to Tus- 
cany, the path from Lucca to Pistoia was 
strewed with roses. At Pistoia the orphan 
heirs of Pueci'ni met him, bearing a sword, 
and said, " This is the sword of Castruccio 
Castracani, the great Italian soldier, and 
head of the Ghibelines in the fourteenth 
century. It was committed to our ward 
and keeping till some patriot should arise 
to deliver Italy and make it free." Victor 
Emmanuel, seizing the hilt, exclaimed, 
" Questa e per m,e ! " (" This is for me.") 
• — E. B. Browning, The Sword of Castruccio 
Castracani. 

Cas'yapa. The father of the immor- 
tals, who dwells in the mountain called 
Hemacu'ta or Himakoot, un^der the Tree 
of Life, is called " Casyapa." Southey, 
Ckrse of Kehama. Canto vi. (1809). 

Cateucla'ni, called Catieuchla'ni by 
Ptolemy, and Cassii by Richard of Ciren- 
cester. They occupied Buckinghamshire, 
Bedfordshire, and Hertfordshire. Drayton 
refers to them in his Polyolhion, xvi. 

Catgut {Br.), a caricature of Dr. Ame 
in The Commissary, by Sam. Foote (1765). 

Cath'arine, queen-consort of Charles 
II. ; introduced by sir "W. Scott in Peveril 
of the PeaJc. (See Catherine, and also un- 
der the letter K.) 

Cath'arine {St.) of Alexandria (fourth 
century), patron saint of girls and virgins 
generally. Her real name was Dorothea; 
but St. Jerome says she was called Cath- 
arine from the Syriac word Kethar or 
Kathar, "a crown," because she won the 
triple crown of martyrdom, virginity, and 



Catarina 



D 



YING in his absence abroad, and refer- 
ring to tbe poem in wbicb he had r-e- 
corded tbe sweetness of her eyes. 



On the door you will not enter, 
I have ga7{ed too long — Adieu ! 
Hope withdraws her per adventure. 
Death is near me — and not you. 

Come, O lover. 

Close and caver 
These poor eyes you called, I ween, 
"Sweetest eyes were erver seen. ' ' 

O my poet I my prophet ! 

When you praised their sweetness so, 



Did you think, in singing of it. 
That it might be near to go ? 

Had you fancies, 

From their glances. 
That tbe grave would quickly screen 
"Sweetest eyes were ever seen ' ' ? 

Will you come, when I 'm departed. 
Where all-sweetnesses are hid ; 
Where thy voice, my tenderhearted. 
Will not lift up either lid? 

Cry, lover. 

Love is over ! 
Cry beneath tbe cypress green — 
"Sweetest eyes were ever seen! " 
E. B. Browning's "Catarina to Camoens." 




CATARINA. 



CATHARINE 



207 



CATHOLIC 



wisdom. She was put to death on a wheel, 
November 25, which is hevfete day. 

To hraid St. Catharine''s hair means " to 
Uve a virgin." 

Thou art too fair to be left to braid St. Catha- 
rine's tresses. 

Longfellow, Evangeline (1848). 

CathTba, son of Torman, beloved by 
Morna, daughter of Cormac king of Ire- 
land. He was killed out of jealousy by 
Ducho'mar, and when Duchdmar told 
Morna and asked her to marry him she 
replied, " Thou art dark to me, Duehomar ; 
cruel is thine arm to Morna. Give me 
that sword, my foe ; " and when he gave it, 
she " pierced his manly breast," and he died. 

Cathba, young son of Torman, thou art of the 
love of Morna. Thou art a sunbeam in the day 
of the gloomy storm. — Ossian, Fingal, i. 

Cath'erine, wife of Mathis, in The Polish 
Jew, by J. R. Ware. 

Catherine, the somewhat uninteresting 
heroine of Washington Square, by Henry 
James, a commonplace creature made more 
commonplace by the duU routine of wealthy 
respectability (1880). 

Catherine {The countess), usually called 
" The Countess," falls in love with Huon, 
a serf, her secretary and tutor. Her pride 
revolts at the match, but her love is mas- 
terful. When the duke her father is told 
of it, he insists on Huon's marrying Cath- 
erine, a freed serf, on pain of death. Huon 
refuses to do so till the countess herself 
entreats him to comply. He then rushes 
to the wars, where he greatly distinguishes 
himself, is created prince, and learns that 
his bride is not Catherine the quondam 
serf, but Catherine the duke's daughter. — 
S. Knowles, Love (1840). 

Cath'erine of Newport, the wife of 
Julian Avenel (2 syl). — Sir W. Scott, The 



Monastery (time, Elizabeth). (See Cath- 
ABiNE, and under K.) 

Cathleen, one of the attendants on 
Flora M'lvor. — Sir W. Scott, Waverlep 
(time, Greorge II.). 

Cath'lin of Clu'tha, daughter of Cath- 
mol. Duth-Carmor of Cluba had slain 
Cathmol in battle, and carried ofE Cathlia 
by force, but she contrived to make her 
escape and craved aid of Fingal. Ossian 
and Oscar were selected to espouse her 
cause, and when they reached Rathcol 
(where Duth-Carmor lived), Ossian re- 
signed the command of the battle to his 
son Oscar. Oscar and Duth-Carmor met 
in combat, and the latter fell. The victor 
carried the mail and helmet of Duth-Car- 
mor to Cathlin, and Cathlin said, "Take 
the mail and place it high in Sehna's hall, 
that you may remember the helpless in a 
distant land." — Ossian, Cathlin of Clutha. 

Cath'mor, younger brother of Cair'bar 
(" lord of Atha "), but totally unlike him. 
Cairbar was treacherous and malignant; 
Cathmor high-minded and hospitable. 
Cairbar murdered Cormac king of Ireland, 
and having inveigled Oscar (son of Ossian) 
to a feast, vamped up a quarrel, in which 
both fell. Cathmor scorned such treach- 
ery. Cathmore is the second hero of the 
poem called Tern' or a, and falls by the hand 
of Fingal (bk. viii.). 

Cathmor, the friend of strangers, the brother 
of red-haired Cairbar. Their souls were not the 
same. The Ught of heaven was in the bosom of 
Cathmor. His towers rose on tlie banks of Atha ; 
seven paths led to his haUs ; seven chiefs stood 
on the paths and called strangers to the feast. 
But Cathmor dwelt in the wood, to shun the 
voice of praise. — Ossian, Temora, i. 

Cath'olic (The). 

Alfonso I. of Asturias, called by Gregory 
III. His Catholic Majesty (693, 739-757). 



CATHOLIC 



208 



CATO 



Ferdinand II. of Ar'agon, husband of 
Isabella. Also called Buse, "the wily" 
(1452, 1474-1516). 

Isabella wife of Ferdinand II. of Ara- 
gon, so called for her zeal in establishing 
the Inquisition (1450, 1474^1504). 

Catholic Majesty {Gatholica Majestad), 
the special title of the kings of Spain. It 
was first given to king Recared (590) in 
the third Council of Toledo, for his zeal in 
rooting out the " Arian heresy." 

Cui a Deo seternum meritum nisi vero Catlio- 
lico Recai'edo regi? Cui a Deo seterna corona 
nisi vero orthodoxo Reearedo regi? — Oregor. 
Mag., 127 and 128. 

But it was not then settled as a fixed 
title to the kings of Spain. In 1500 Alex- 
ander VI. gave the title to Ferdinand V. 
king of Aragon and Castile, and from that 
time it became annexed to the Spanish 
crown. 

Ab Alexandro pontifiee Ferdinandus " Catho- 
lici " cognomentum aecepit in posteros cum regno 
transfusum stabili possessione. Honorum titu- 
los prineipibus dividere pontifieibus Romani? 
datur. — Mariana, De Rebus Hesp., xxvi. 12 ; see 
also vii. 4. 

Ca'thos, cousin of Madelon, brought up 
by her uncle (ror'gibus, a plain citizen in 
the middle rank of life. These two silly 
girls have had their heads turned by novels, 
and thinking their names commonplace, 
Cathos calls herself Aminta, and her cousin 
adopts the name of Polix'ena. Two gen- 
tlemen wish to marry them, but the girls 
consider their manners too unaffected and 
easy to be " good style," so the gentlemen 
send their valets to represent the "mar- 
quis of Mascarille " and the " viscount of 
Jodelet." The girls are delighted with 
these " distinguished noblemen ; " but when 
the game has gone far enough, the masters 
enter, and lay bare the trick. The girls 
are taught a useful lesson, without being 



involved in any fatal ill consequences. — 
Moliere, Les Precieuses Ridicules (1659). 

Cathulla, king of Inistore {the Orkneys) 
and brother of Coma' la {q.v.). Fingal, on 
coming in sight of the palace, observed a 
beacon-flame on its top as signal of dis- 
tress, for Frothal king of Sora had be- 
sieged it. Fingal attacked Frothal, engaged 
him in single combat, defeated him, and 
made him prisoner. — Ossian, CarricJc' 
Thura. 

Cat'iline (3 syl), a Eoman patrician, 
who headed a conspiracy to overthrow the 
Government, and obtain for himseK and 
his followers all places of power and trust. 
The conspiracy was discovered by Cicero. 
Catiline escaped and put himself at the 
head of his army, but f eU in the battle after 
fighting with desperate daring (b.c. 62). 
Ben Jonson wrote a tragedy called Catiline 
(1611), and Voltaire, in his Borne Sauvee, 
has introduced the conspiracy and death 
of Catiline (1752). 

Ca'to, the hero and title of a tragedy by 
J. Addison (1713). Disgusted with Caesar, 
Cato retired to U'tica (in Africa), where he 
had a small republic and mimic senate; 
but C^sar resolved to reduce Utica as he 
had done the rest of Africa, and Cato, find- 
ing resistance hopeless, fell on his own 
sword. 

Tho' stern and awful to the foes of Rome, 
He is all goodness, Lucia, always mild. 
Compassionate, and gentle to Ms friends ; 
Filled with domestic tenderness. 

Act v. 1, 

When Barton Booth [1713] first appeared as 
" Cato," Bolingbroke called him into his box and 
gave him fifty guineas for defending the cause of 
hberty so well against a perpetual dictator.— 
Life of Addison. 

Be is a Cato, a man of simple habits, 



CATO 



209 



CAVALIER 



severe morals, strict justice, and blunt 
speech, but of undoubted integrity and 
patriotism, like tbe Roman censor of that 
name, the grandfather of the Cato of Utica, 
who resembled him in character and 
manners. 

Cato and Hortens'ius. Cato of Utica's 
second wife was Martia daughter of Phihp. 
He allowed her to live with his friend Hor- 
tensius, and after the death of Hortensius 
took her back again. 

[Sultans] don't agree at all with the wise Roman, 

Heroic, stoic Cato, the sententious, 

Who lent his lady to his friend Hortensius. 

Byron, JDon Juan, vi. 7 (1821). 

Catullus. Lord Byron caUs Thomas 
Moore the " British Catullus," referring to 
a volume of amatory poems published in 
1808, under the pseudonym of "Thomas 
Little." 

"Tis Little ! young Catullus of his day, 
As sweet but as unmoral as his lay. 
Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers 
(1809). 

The Oriental Catullus, Saadi or Sadi, a 
Persian poet. He married a rich mer- 
chant's daughter, but the marriage was 
an unhappy one. His chief works are 
The Gulistan (or "garden of roses") and 
The Boston (or "garden of fruits") (1176- 
1291). 

Cau'dle {Mrs. Margaret), a curtain lec- 
turer, who between eleven o'clock at night 
and seven the next morning delivered for 
thirty years a curtain lecture to her hus- 
band Job Caudle, generally a most gentle 
Ustener ; if he replied she pronounced him 
insufferably rude, and if he did not he 
was insufferably sulky. — Douglas Jerrold, 
Pwich ("The Caudle Papers"). 

Cauline {Sir), a knight who served the 
wine to the king of Ireland, He fell in 



love with Christabelle (3 syl.), the king's 
daughter, and she became his troth-plight 
wife, without her father's knowledge. 
When the king knew of it, he banished sir 
Cauline (2 syl.). After a time the Soldain 
asked the lady in marriage, but sir Cauline 
challenged his rival and slew him. He 
himself, however, died of the wounds he 
had received, and the lady Christabelle, 
out of grief, "burst her gentle hearte in 
twayne." — Percy's Beliques, L i. 4. 

Cau'rus, the stormy west-north-west 
wind ; called in Greek Argestes. 

The ground by piercing Caurus seared. 
Thomson, Castle of Indolence, ii. (1748), 

Caustic, of the Despatch newspaper, 
was the signature of Mr. Serle. 

Christopher Caustic, the pseudonym of 
Thomas G-reen Fessenden, author of Ter- 
rible Tractoration, a Hudibrastic poem 
(1771-1837). 

Caustic (Colonel), a fine gentleman of the 
last century, very severe on the degen- 
eracy of the present race. — Henry Mac- 
kenzie, in The Lounger. 

Ca'va, or Florida, daughter of St. Julian. 
It was the violation of Cava by Roderick 
that brought about the war between the 
Groths and the Moors, in which Roderick 
was slain (a.d. 711). 

Cavalier {The). Eon de Beaumont, 
called by the French Le Chevalier d'Eon 
(1728-1810). Charles Breydel, the Flemish 
landscape painter (1677-1744). Francisco 
Cairo, the historian, called lEl Chavaliere 
del Cairo (1598-1674). Jean le Clerc, Le 
Chevalier (1587-1633). J. Bapt. Marini, 
the Italian poet, called H Cavaliere (1569- 
1625). Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686- 
1743). 

*#* James Francis Edward Stuart, the 



CAVALIER 



210 



CELIA 



" Old Pretender," was styled Le Chevalier 
de St. George (1688-1765). Charles Ed- 
ward, the " Young Pretender," was styled 
The Bonnie Chevalier or The Young Cava- 
lier (1720-1788). 

Cavair, " king Arthur's hound of deep- 
est mouth." — Tennyson, Idylls of the King 
("Enid"). 

CaVendish, author of Principles of 
Whist, and numerous guide-books on 
games, as Bezique, Piquet, JScarte, Billiards, 
etc. Henry Jones, editor of "Pastimes" 
in The Field and The Queen newspapers 
(1831- ). 

Cax'on {Old Jacob), hairdresser of Jon- 
athan Oldbuck (" the antiquary ") of Monk- 
barns. 

, Jenny Caxon, a milliner; daughter of 
Old Jacob. — Sir W. Scott, The Antiquary 
(time, George III.). 

Caxton (PisistrHtus), Edward George 
Earle Lytton Bulwer Lytton, baron Lyt- 
ton, author of My Novel (1853) ; What will 
He do with it ? (1859) ; Caxtoniania (1863) ; 
The Boatman (1864). 

Cecil, the hero of a novel so called by 
Mrs. Gore (1790-1861). 

Cecil Dreeme, alias Clara Denman. 
The young woman assumes a man's dress 
and character, and sustains it so well as to 
deceive those dearest to her. She is kid- 
napped and in danger of death, and her 
rescuers discover the truth. — Theodore 
Winthrop, Cecil Dreeme (1861). 

Cecilia, belle of the village in which H. 
W. Longfellow's Kavanagh is the clergy- 
man. She wins his affections easily, un- 
consciously becoming the rival of her dear- 
est friend (1872). 



Cecilia {St.), the patroness of musicians 
and " inventor of the organ." The legend 
says that an angel fell in love with Cecilia 
for her musical skill, and nightly brought 
her roses from paradise. Her husband saw 
the angel visitant, who gave to both a 
crown of martyrdom. 

Thou seem'st to me like the angel 
That brought the immortal roses 
To St. Cecilia's bridal chamber. 

Longfellow, The Golden Legend. 

Ce'dric, a thane of Eotherwood, and 
surnamed "the Saxon." — Sir W. Scott, 
Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.). 

Cel'adon and Ame'lia, lovers of match- 
less beauty, and most devoted to each 
other. Being overtaken by a thunder- 
storm, Amelia became alarmed, but Cela- 
adon, folding his arm about her, said, " 'Tis 
safety to be near thee, sure ; " but while 
he spoke, Amelia was struck by lightning 
and fell dead in his arms. — Thomson, The 
Seasons (" Summer," 1727). 

Cele'no or Celae'no, chief of the harpies. 

There on a craggy stone 
Celeno hung, and made his direful moan. 
Giles Fletcher, Christ's Triumph [on Harth] 
(1610). 

Celia, daughter of Frederick the usurp- 
ing duke, and cousin of Ros'alind, daugh- 
ter of the banished duke. When Rosa- 
lind was driven from her uncle's court, 
Celia determined to go with her to the 
forest of Arden to seek out the banished 
duke, and for security's sake Rosalind 
dressed in boy's clothes and called herself 
" Gan'ymede," while Celia dressed as a peas- 
ant girl and called herself "Aliena." When 
they reached Arden they lodged for a time 
in a shepherd's hut, and Oliver de Boys 
was sent to tell them that his brother Or- 
lando was hurt and could not come to the 
hut as usual Oliver and Celia fell in love 



CELIA 



211 



CENCr 



■with eacli other, and their wedding-day- 
was fixed, Q-anymede resumed the dress of 
Rosalind, and the two brothers married at 
the same time. — Shakespeare, J s You Like 
It (1598). 

Ce'lia, a girl of sixteen, in Whitehead's 
comedy of The School for Lovers. It was 
written expressly for Mrs. Gibber, daugh- 
ter of Dr. Ame. 

Mrs. Cibber was at the tune more than fifty 
years old, but the uncommon symmetry and 
exact proportion in her form, with her singular 
vivacity, enabled her to represent the character 
of "Celia" with all the juvenile appearance 
marked by the author. — Percy, Anecdotes. 

Ce'lia, a poetical name for any lady-love : 
as " Would you know my Celia's charms 
. . . ? " Not unf requently Streph'on is the 
wooer when Celia is the wooed. Thomas 
Carew calls his "sweet sweeting" Celia; 
her real name is not known. 

Ce'lia (Dame), mother of Faith, Hope, 
and Charity. She lived in the hospice 
called Holiness. (Celia is from the Latin, 
coelum, " heaven.") — Spenser, Faery Queen, 
1. 10 (1590). 

Celia Shaw, a gentle-hearted mountain 
girl who, learning that her father and his 
clan intend to " clean out " a family fifteen 
miles up the mountain, steals out on a 
snowy night and makes her way to their 
hut to warn them of their danger. She 
takes cold on the fearful journey, and dies 
of consumption. — Charles Egbert Crad- 
dock, In the Tennessee Mountains (1884). 

C^Iim^ne (3 syl.), a coquette courted by 
Alceste (2 syl.) the " misanthrope " (a really 
good man, both upright and manly, but 
blunt in behavior, rude in speech, and un- 
conventional). Alceste wants Celimene to 
forsake society and live with him in seclu- 
^on; this she refuses to do, and he re- 



plies, as you cannot find, "tout en moi, 
comme moi toi^t en vous, allez, je voua 
refuse." He then proposes to her cousin 
Eliante (3 syl), but Eliante tells him she 
is already engaged to his friend Philinte 
(2 syl), and so the play ends. — Moli^re, Le 
Misanthrope (1666). 

" Celimene " in Molifere's Les Precieuses 
Bidicules is a mere dummy. She is brought 
on the stage occasionally towards the end 
of the play, but never utters one word, 
and seems a supernumerary of no impor- 
tance at aU. 

Celin'da, the victim of count Fathom's 
seduction. — Smollett, Count Fathom (1754). 

Cellide (2 syl), beloved by Valentine 
and his son Francisco. The lady naturally 
prefers the younger man. — Beaumont and 
Fletcher, Mons. Thomas (1619). 

Celtic Homer {The), Ossian, said to be 
of the third century. 

If Ossian lived at the introduction of Christian- 
ity, as by all appearances he did, his epoch wiU 
be the latter end of the third and beginning of 
the fourth century. 

The " Caracul " of Fingal, who is no other than 
CaracaUa (son of Seve'rus emperor of Kome), 
and the battle fought against Caros or Carausius 
... fix the epoch of Fingal to the third cen- 
tiiry, and Irish historians place his death in the 
year 283. Ossian was Pingal's son. — Era of 
Ossian. 

Cencl. Francesco Cenci was a most 
profligate Roman noble, who had four sons 
and one daughter, all of whom he treated 
with abominable cruelty. It is said that 
he assassinated his two elder sons and de- 
bauched his daughter Beatrice. Beatrice 
and her two surviving brothers, with Lu- 
cretia (their mother), conspired against 
Francesco and accomplished his death, but 
aU except the youngest brother perished 
on the scaffold, September 11, 1501. 



CENCI 



212 



CERES 



It has been doubted whether the famous 
portrait in the Barberini palace at Rome is 
really of Beatrice Cenei, and even whether 
Guido Reni was the painter. 

Percy B. Shelley wrote a tragedy called 
The Cenci (1819). 

Cenimagr'nl, the inhabitants of Norfolk, 
Suffolk, and Cambridge. — Csesar, Commen- 
taries. 

Centaur {The Blue), a human form from 
the waist upwards, and a goat covered 
with blue shag from the waist downwards. 
Like the Ogri, he fed on human flesh. 

" Shepherds," said he, " I am the Blue Centaur. 
If you mil give me every third year a young 
child, I promise to bring a hundred of my kins- 
men and drive the Ogri away." ... He [the Blue 
Centaur] used to appear on the top of a rock, 
■with his club m. one hand . . . and with a ter- 
rible voice cry out to the shepherds, " Leave me 
my prey, and be off with you ! " — Comtesse d' An- 
noy, Fairy Tales (" Princess CarpiEona," 1682). 

Cen'tury White, John White, the non- 
conformist lavrj'-er. So called from his 
chief work, entitled The First Century of 
Scandalous, Malignant Priests, etc. (1590- 
1645). 

Ce'phal (Greek, Kephale), the Head per- 
sonified, the "acropolis" of The Purple 
Island, fully described in canto v. of that 
poem, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). 

Ceph'alus (in Greek, Keph&los). One 
day, overcome with heat, Cephalus threw 
himself on the grass, and cried aloud, 
" Come, gentle Aura, and this heat allay ! '' 
The words were told to his young wife 
Procris, who, supposing Aura to be some 
rival, became furiously jealous. Resolved 
to discover her rival, she stole next day to 
a covert, and soon saw her husband come 
and throw himself on the bank, crying 
aloud, " Come, gentle Zephyr ; come, Aura, 



come, this heat aUay ! " Her mistake was 
evident, and she was about to throw her- 
self into the arms of her husband, when 
the young man, aroused by the rustling, 
shot an arrow into the covert, supposing 
some wild beast was about to spring on 
him. Procris was shot, told her tale, and 
died. — Ovid, Art of Love, iii. 

(Cephalus loves Procris, i.e. "the sun 
kisses the dew." Procris is killed by Ceph- 
alus, i.e. "the dew is destroyed by the 
rays of the sun.") 

Ceras'tes (3 syl.), the horned snake. 
(Greek, heras, " a horn.") Milton uses the 
word in Paradise Lost, x. 525 (1665). 

Cerberus, a dog with three heads, which 
keeps guard in hell. DantS places it in the 
third circle. 

Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange, 
Through his wide threefold throat barks as a 

dog . . . 
His eyes glare crinison, black his unctuous beard, 
His belly large, and clawed the hands with which 
He tears the spirits, flays them, and their hmbs 
Piecemeal disparts. 

Dant§, Hell, vi. (1300, Cary's translation). 

Cer'don, the boldest of the rabble lead- 
ers in the encounter with Hu'dibras at the 
bear-baiting. The original of this charac- 
ter was Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler and 
preacher, who was also a colonel in the 
Rump army.— S. Butler, Hudihras, i. 2 
(1663). 

Ceres (2 syl), the Fruits of Harvest 
personified. In classic mythology Ceres 
means "Mother Earth," the protectress of 
fruits. 

Ceres, the planet, is so called because it 
was discovered from the observatory of 
Palermo, and Ceres is the tutelar goddess 
of Sicily. 



CERIMON 



213 



GHAMONT 



Cer'imon, a physician of Ephesus, who 
restored to animation Thaisa, the wife of 
Per'iclSs, prince of Tyre, supposed to be 
dead. — Shakespeare, Pericles Prince of 
Tyre (1608). 

Chalb'ot {Philippe de), admiral of France, 
governor of Bourgoyne and Normandy 
under Francois I. Montmorency and the 
cardinal de Lorraine, out of jealousy, ac- 
cused him of malversation. His faithful 
servant AUegre was put to the rack to 
force evidence against the accused, and 
Chabot was sent to prison because he was 
unable to pay the fine levied upon him. 
His innocence, however, was established 
by the confession of his enemies, and he 
was released; but disgrace had made so 
deep an impression on his mind that he 
sickened and died. This is the subject of 
a tragedy entitled The Tragedy of Philip 
Chabot, etc., by George Chapman and James 
Shirley. 

ChadHband {The Rev. Mr.), type of a 
canting hypocrite " in the ministry." He 
calls himself " a vessel," is much admired 
by his dupes, and pretends to despise the 
"carnal world," but nevertheless loves 
dearly its " good things," and is most self- 
indulgent. — C. Dickens, 5ZeaA House (1853). 

Chaffln^on {Mr. Percy), M.P., a stock- 
broker. — T. M. Morton, If I had a Thou- 
sand a Tear. 

Chalbroth, the giant, the root of the 
race of giants, including Polypheme (3 syl.), 
Goliath, the Titans, Fierabras, Gargantua, 
and closing with Pantag'rnel. He was 
born in the year known for its " week of 
three Thursdays."— Eabelais, Pomtagruel, 
ii (1533). 

Chal'ylbes (3 syl.), a people on the south 



shore of the Black Sea, who occupied them- 
selves in the working of iron. 

On the left hand dwell 
The iron-workers called the ChaJybSs, 
Of whom beware. 
E. B. Browning, Frometheus Bound (1850). 

Cham, the pseudonym of comte Am6d6e 
de No6, a peer of France, a great wit, and 
the political caricaturist of Charivari (the 
French Punch). The count was one of the 
founders of the French Republic ia 1875. 
As Cham or Ham was the second son and 
scapegrace of Noah, so Arbedee was the 
second son and scapegrace of the comte de 
No6 [Noah]. 

Cham of Literature, {The Great), a 
nickname given to Dr. Samuel Johnson by 
SmoUett in a letter to John Wilkes (1709- 
1784). 

Cham of Tartary, a corruption of Chan 
or Khan, i.e. " lord or prince," as Hoccota 
Chan. "Ulu Chan" means "great lord," 
"ulu" being equal to the Latin magnus, 
and " chan " to dominus or imperator. ' Some- 
times the word is joined to the name, as 
Chan-balu, Cara-chan, etc. The Turks 
have also had their " Sultan Murad chan 
bin Sultan Selim chan," i.e. Sultan Murad 
prince, son of Sultan Selim prince. — Selden, 
Titles of Honor, vi. 66 (1672). 

Chamnberlain {Matthew), a tapster, the 
successor of Old Eoger Raine (1 syl.). — 
Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, 
Charles II.). 

Chamout, brother of Monimia "the 
orphan," and the troth-plight husband of 
Seri'na (daughter of lord Acasto). He is 
a soldier, so proud 'and susceptible that he 
is forever taking offence, and setting him- 
self up as censor or champion. He fancies 
his sister Monim'ia has lost her honor, and 



CHAMONT 



214 



CHARALOIS 



calls her to task, but finds lie is mistaken. 
He fancies lier guardian, old Acasto, has 
not been suflS.ciently watchful over her, 
and draws upon him in his anger, but sees 
his folly just in time to prevent mischief. 
He fancies Castalio, his sister's husband, 
has ill-treated her, and threatens to kill 
him, but his suspicions are again alto- 
gether erroneous. In fact, his presence in 
the house was hke that of a madman with 
fire-brands in a stack-yard. — Otway, The 
Orphan (1680). 

There are chai'acters in which he [G. M. Young] 
is unrivalled and almost perfect. His " Pierre " 
[ Venice Preserved, Otway] is more soldierly than 
Kemble's ; his " Chamont " is full of brotherly 
pride, noble impetuosity, and heroic scorn. — 
New Monthly Magazine (1822). 

Champagne {Henry earl of), a crusader. 
— Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Rich- 
ard I.). 

Cham'pernel', a lame old gentleman, 
the husband of Lami'ra, and son-in-law of 
judge Vertaigne (2 syl.). — Beaumont and 
Fletcher, The Little French Lawyer (1647). 

Champion of the Virgin. St. Cyril 
of Alexandria is so called from his defence 
of the " Incarnation " or doctrine of the 
" hypostatic union," in the long and stormy 
dispute with Nesto'rius bishop of Constan- 
tinople. 

Champneys {Sir Geoffry), a fossilized 
old country gentleman, who believes in 
"blue blood" and the "British peerage." 
Father of Talbot, and neighbor of Perkyn 
Middlewick, a retired butterman. The 
sons of these two magnates are fast friends, 
but are turned adrift by their fathers for 
marrying in opposition to their wishes. 
When reduced to abject poverty, the old 
men go to visit their sons, relent, and all 
ends happily. 



Miss Champneys, sir Geoffry's sister, 
proud and aristocratic, but quite willing to 
sacrifice both on the altar of Mr. Perkyn 
Middlewick, the butterman, if the wealthy 
plebeian would make her his wife and 
allow her to spend his money. — H. J. 
Byron, Our Boys (1875). 

Talbot Champneys, a swell with few 
brains and no energy. His name, which 
is his passport into society, will not find 
him salt in the battle of life. He mar- 
ries Mary Melrose, a girl without a penny, 
but his father wants him to marry Violet 
the heiress. 

Chan'ticleer (3 syl.), the cock, in the 
beast-epic of Reynard the Fox (1498), and 
also in " The Nonne Preste's Tale," told in 
The Canterbury Tales, by Chaucer (1388). 

Chaon'ian Bird {The), the dove; so 
called because doves delivered the oracles 
of Dodona or Chaon'ia. 

But the mild swallow none with toils infest, 
And none the soft Chaonian bird molest. 

Ovid, Art of Love, ii. 

Chaonian Food, acorns, so called from 
the oak trees of Dodona, which gave out 
the oracles by means of bells hung among 
the branches. Beech mast is so called also, 
because beech trees abounded in the forest 
of Dodona. 

Charalois, son of the marshal of Bur- 
gundy. When he was twenty-eight years 
old his father died in prison at Dijon, for 
debts contracted by him for the service of 
the State in the wars. According to the 
law which then prevailed in France, the 
body of the marshal was seized by his 
creditors, and refused burial. The son of 
Charalois redeemed his father's body by 
his own, which was shut up in prison in 
lieu of the marshal's. — Philip Massinger 
The Fatal Dowry (1632). ' 



CHAEALOIS 



215 CHAELEMAGNE'S NINE WIVES 



(It will be remembered that Milti'ades, 
the Athenian general, died in prison for 
debt, and the creditors claimed the body, 
"vrhich they would not suffer to be buried 
tiU his son Cimon gave up himseH as a 
hostage.) 

Char'egite (3 syl.). The Charegite as- 
sassin, in the disguise of a Turkish mar- 
about or enthusiast, comes and dances 
before the tent of Eichard Coeur de Lion, 
and suddenly darting forward, is about to 
stab the king, when a Nubian seizes his 
arm, and the king kills the assassin on the 
spot. — Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, 
Richard I.). 

Charicle'ia, the fiancee of Theag'en^s, 
in the Greek romance called The Loves of 
Theagenes and Charicleia, by Hehodo'ros 
bishop of Trikka (fourth century). 

Chari'no, father of Angelina. Charino 
wishes Angehna to marry Clodio, a young 
coxcomb; but the lady prefers his elder 
brother Carlos, a young bookworm. Love 
changes the character of the diflSdent Car- 
los, and Charino at last accepts him for 
his son-in-law. Charino is a testy, obsti- 
nate old man, who wants to rule the whole 
world in his own way. — C. Cibber, Love 
Makes the Man (1694), 

Charlemagne and His Paladins. 

This series of romances is of French ori- 
gin, as the Arthurion is "Welsh or British. 
It began with the legendary chronicle in 
verse, called Historia de Vita Carola Magni 
et Bolandi, erroneously attributed to Tur- 
pin archbishop of Rheims (a contemporary 
of Charlemagne), but probably written two 
or three hundred years later. The chief 
of the series are Huon of Bordeaux, Guerin 
de Monglave, Gaylen Bhetore (in which 
Charlemagne and his paladins proceed in 
mufti to the Holy Land), Miles amd Ames, 



Jairdain de Slaves, poolin de Mayence, 
Ogier le Danais, and Maugis the Enchanter. 

Charlemagne and the Bing. Pasquier 
says that Charles le Grand fell in love with 
a peasant girl [Agatha], in whose society 
he seemed bewitched, insomuch that all 
matters of state were neglected by him; 
but the girl died, to the great joy of all. 
What, however, was the astonishment of 
the court to find that the king seemed no 
less bewitched with the dead body than he 
had been with the living, and spent all day 
and night with it, even when its smell was 
quite offensive. Archbishop Turpin felt 
convinced there was sorcery in this 
strange infatuation, and on examining the 
body, found a ring under the tongue, which 
he removed. Charlemagne now lost all 
regard for the dead body; but followed 
Turpin, with whom he seemed infatuated. 
The archbishop now bethought him of the 
ring, which he threw into a pool at Ais, 
where Charlemagne built a palace and 
monastery, and no spot in the world had 
such attractions for him as Aix-la-Chapelle, 
where " the ring " was buried. — Becherches 
de la France, vi. 33. 

Charlemagne and Years of Plenty. Ac- 
cording to German legend, Charlemagne 
appears in seasons of plenty. He crosses 
the Rhine on a golden bridge, and blesses 
both corn-fields and vineyards. 

Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne, 
Upon thy bridge of gold. 

Longfellow, Autumn. 

Charlemagne not dead. According to 
legend, Charlemagne was crowned and 
armed in Odenberg (Hesse) or Untersberg, 
near Saltzburg, till the time of antichrist, 
when he will wake up and deliver Chris- 
tendom. (See Bakbakossa.) 

Charlemagn&s Nine Wives: (1) Hamil- 



CHARLEMAGNE'S NINE WIVES 216 



CHARLEY 



trude, a poor Freiicliwoman, who bore Mm 
several children. (2) Desidera'ta, who was 
divorced. (3) Hildegarde. (4) Fastrade, 
daughter of count Rodolph the Saxon, (5) 
Luitgarde the German. The last three 
died before him. (6) Maltegarde. (7) Ger- 
suinde the Saxon. (8) Regina. (9) Ada- 
linda. 

Charlemagne^ s Stature. We are told that 
Charlemagne was "eight feet high," and 
so strong that he could " straighten with 
his hands alone three horseshoes at once." 
His diet and his dress were both as simple 
as possible. 

Charlemagne's Sword, La Joyeuse. 

Charlemagne of Servia, Stephen Dus- 
han. 

Charles " the Bold," duke of Burgundy, 
introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, 
viz., Quentin Durward and Anne of Geier- 
stein. The latter novel contains an ac- 
count of the battle of Nancy, where Charles 
was slain. 

Charles prince of Wales (called " Babie 
Charles "), son of James I., introduced by 
sir W. Scott in The Fortunes of Nigel. 

Charles " the Good," earl of Flanders. In 
1127 he passed a law that whoever married 
a serf should become a serf : thus if a prince 
married a serf, the prince would become a 
serf. This absurd law caused his death, 
and the death of the best blood in Bruges. 
— S. Knowles, The Provost of Bruges (1836). 

Charles II. of England, introduced by 
sir W. Scott in two novels, viz., Peveril of 
the Peak and Woodstock. In this latter he 
appears first as a gipsy woman, and after- 
wards under the name of Louis Kerneguy 
(Albert Lee's page). 



his mother, Catherine de Medici, he set on 
foot the massacre of St. Bartholomew 
(1550-1574). 

Charles XII. of Sweden. " Determined 
to brave the seasons, as he had done his 
enemies, Charles XII. ventured to make 
long marches during the cold of the mem- 
orable winter of 1709. In one of these 
marches two thousand of his men died from 
the cold. 

(Planche has an historical drama, in two 
acts, called Charles XII. ; and the Life of 
Charles XII., by Voltaire, is considered to 
be one of the best written historical works 
in the French language.) 

Charles Edward [Stuart], called " The 
Chevalier Prince Charles Edward, the 
Young Pretender," introduced by sir W. 
Scott in Redgauntlet (time, George III.), 
first as "father Bonaventure," and after- 
wards as " Pretender to the British crown." 
He is agaiu introduced in Waverley (time, 
George II.). 

Charles Emmanuel, son of Victor 
Amade'us (4 syl.) king of Sardinia. In 
1730 'his father abdicated, but somewhat 
later wanted his son to restore the crown 
again. This he refused to do ; and when 
Victor plotted against him, D'Orme'a was 
sent to arrest the old man, and he died. 
Charles was brave, patient, single-minded, 
and truthful. — R. Browning, King Victor 
and King Charles, etc, 

Charles Knollys, an English bride- 
groom, who falls into a crevasse on his 
Wedding-trip, and is found by his wife in 
the ice, still young and beautiful in his icy 
shroud, forty-five years later. — ^J. S. of 
Dale (Frederic Jesup Stimson), Mrs. 
Knollys (1888). 



Charles IX. of France. Instigated by Charley, plu. Charlies, an old watchmaa 



Charles IX. on the Eve of St. Bartholomew 



p. Grotjohann, Artiti 



H. Gedan, Engraver 



j^HARLES IX. of France, tnfamom in history as having permitted 
f the nunsacfc of St. Bartholomew, was horn at St. Germain-en- 
^^ Laye, June 27th, 1550. He wa, the second son of Henry II. and 
Catherine de Medici, and . :m< ■ the throne by the death of his brother 
Francis II. in 1560. As be was ouiy ten years old, his mother was appointed 
regent and her hatred of the I-liigiienots was immeasurable. There was 
constant civil war betu^een the members of the rival faiths, but peace was 
declared at last, and Coligny. the head of the Protestant party, was wel- 
comed at court. At the same time a marriage was arranged betmen the 
Protestant cioampion. Henry of Navarre, and Margaret, the Qjieen's sister, 
and many of the Huguenot leaders came to court to celebrate tJ^e reconcilia- 
tion and to witness the festivities attendant on the royal wedding This 
occasion was chosen for the Huguenot massacre that has given the name of 
the " bloody marriage ' ' to the union of Henry and Margaret. Charles sur- 
vived the massacre less than two years. Always weak in mind, be became 
insane, fancying himself pursued by the avenging fates for having consented 
to the slaughter of bis subjects. 



CHABl.t'i 




CHARLES IX ON THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW, 



CHARLEY 



217 



CHARLOTTE GOODCHILD 



or " night guardian," before the introduc- 
tion of the police force by sir Robert Peel, 
in 1829. So called from Charles I., who 
extended and improved the police system. 

Charley Keene, merry little doctor in 
The Grandissimes, in love with the beauti- 
ful Creole girl Clotilde (1880). 

Charlie, alias "Injin Charlie," alias 
'■ Old Charlie," a " dark white man " in 
Belles Demoiselles^ Plantation, by George "W. 
Cable. " Sunk in the bliss of deep igno- 
rance, shrewd, deaf, and by repute, at least, 
unmerciful" (1879). 

Chariot, a messenger from Liege to 
Louis XI. — Sir W. Scott, Quentin Durward 
(time, Edward IV.). 

Charlotte, the faithful sweetheart of 
young Wilmot, supposed to have perished 
at sea. — Geo. Lillo, Fatal Curiosity (1736). 

Charlotte, the dumb girl, in love with 
Leander ; but her father, sir Jasper, wants 
her to marry Mr. Dapper. In order to 
avoid this hateful alliance, Charlotte pre- 
tends to be dumb, and only answers, " Han, 
hi, han, hon." The "mock doctor" em- 
ploys Leander as his apothecary, and the 
young lady is soon cured by " piUs matri- 
moniac." In Moliere's Le Medecin Malgre 
Lui Charlotte is called "Lucinde." The 
jokes in act ii. 6 are verbally copied from 
the French. — H. Fielding, The Mock Doctor. 

Charlotte, daughter of sir John Lambert, 
in The Hypocrite, by Is. Bickerstaff (1768) ; 
in love with Darnley. She is a giddy girl, 
fond of tormenting Darnley; but being 
promised in marriage to Dr. CantweU, who 
is fifty-nine, and whom she utterly detests, 
she becomes somewhat sobered down, and 
promises Darnley to become his loving 
wife. Her constant exclamation is " Lud !" 



In Moliere's comedy of Tartuffe Charlotte 
is called "Mariane," and Darnley is 
"Val^re." 

Charlotte, the pert maid-servant of the 
countess Wintersen. Her father was 
*' state coachman." Charlotte is jealous of 
Mrs. HaUer, and behaves rudely to her 
(see act ii. 3). — Benjamin Thompson, The 
Stranger (1797). 

Charlotte, servant to Sowerberry. A 
dishonest, rough servant-girl, who ill-treats 
Oliver Twist, and robs he: 
Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). 



Oliver Twist, and robs her master. — C. 



Charlotte, a fugitive slave whose hair- 
breadth escapes are narrated in J. T. Trow- 
bridge's story of Neighbor Jackwood (1857). 

Charlotte (Lady), the servant of a lady 
so called. She assumes the airs with the 
name and address of her mistress. The 
servants of her own and other households 
address her as " Your ladyship," or " lady 
Charlotte ;" but though so mighty grand, 
she is " noted for a plaguy pair of thick 
legs." — Rev. James Townley, High Life Be- 
low Stairs (1759). 

Charlotte Corday, devoted patriot of 
the French Revolution. Believing Marat to 
be the worst enemy of France, she stabbed 
him in the bath; was arrested and guil- 
lotined. 

Charlotte Elizabeth, whose surname 
was Phelan, afterwards Tonna, author of 
numerous books for children, tales, etc. 
(1825-1862). 

Charlotte Goodchild, a merchant's 
orphan daughter of large fortune. She is 
pestered by many lovers, and her guardian 
gives out that she has lost all her money 
by the bankruptcy of his house. On this 
all her suitors but one depart, and that 



CHARLOTTE GOODCHILD 



218 CHEATLY 



one is sir Callaglian O'Brallaghan, who 
declares he loves her now as an equal, and 
one whom he can serve, but before he 
loved her " with fear and trembling, like a 
man that loves to be a soldier, yet is afraid 
of a gun." — C. Macklin, Love-a-la-mode 
(1779). 

Charlotte Temple, the daughter of an 
English gentleman, whose seduction by an 
officer in the British army, her sad life and 
lonely death, are the elements of a novel 
bearing her name, written by " Mrs. Row- 
son." Charlotte Temple is buried in Trin- 
ity church-yard. New York. 

Char'naian, a kind-hearted, simple- 
minded attendant on Cleopatra. After 
the queen's death, she applied one of, the 
asps to her own arm, and when the Ro- 
man soldiers entered the room, fell down 
dead. — Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra 
(1608). 

Char'teris {Sir ' Patrick), of Kinfauns, 
provost of Perth. — Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid 
of Perth (time, Henry IV.). 

Chartist Clergyman (The), Rev. 
Charles Kingsley (1809-1877). 

Charyllis, in Spenser's pastoral Colin 
ClouVs Come Home Again, is lady Compton. 
Her name was Anne, and she was the fifth 
of the six daughters of sir John Spenser 
of Althorpe, Lancaster, of the noble houses 
of Spenser and Marlborough. Edmund 
Spenser dedicated to her his satirical fable 
called Mother Hubbard's Tale (1591). She 
was thrice married ; her first husband was 
lord Monteagle, and her third was Robert 
lord Buckhurst (son of the poet Sackville), 
who succeeded his father in 1608 as earl of 
Dorset. 

No less praiseworthy are tlie sisters three, 
The honor of the noble family 



Of which I meanest boast myseK to be, . . • 
Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis : 
PhyDis the fair is eldest of the three, 
The next to her is bountiful CharyUis. 

Colin Clout's Come Some Again (1594). 

Chaste (The), Alfonso II. of Asturias 
and Leon (758, 791-835 abdicated, died 
842). 

Chatookee, an Indian bird, that never 
drinks at a stream, but catches the rain- 
drops in falling. — Account of the Baptist 
Missionaries, ii. 309. 

Less pure than these is that strange Indian bird, 
Who never dips in earthly streams her bill, 

But, when the sound of coming showers is heard, 
Looks up, and from the clouds receives her M. 
Southey, Curse of Kehama, xxi. 6 (1809). 

Chat'tanach {M>Oillie), chief of the clan 
Chattan.— Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth 
(time, Henry IV.). 

Chat'terley {Bev. Simon), "the man of 
religion " at the Spa, one of the managing 
committee. — Sir W. Scott, St. Bonan's Well 
(time, George III.). 

Chauhert {Mons.), Master Chaffinch's 
cook. — Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak 
(time, George II.). 

Chaucer of France, Clement Marot 
(1484-1544). 

Chau'nus, Arrogance personified in The 
Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). 
"Fondly himseH with praising he dis- 
praised." Fully described in canto viii. 
(Greek, chatmos, "vain".) 

Cheatly (2 syl.), a lewd, impudent 
debauchee of Alsatia (Whitefriars). He 
dares not leave the " refuge " by reason of 
debt ; but in the precincts he fleeces young 
heirs of entail, helps them to money, 
and becomes bound for them. — ShadweU^ 
Squire of Alsatia (1688). 



Charlotte Corday and Marat 



fults Aviat, Artist 



TiyTARIE ANNE CHARLOTTE CORDAY T/'ARMANS. usually 
J- yj- called simply "Charlotte Corday, ' ' was born of a noble family of 
Normandy and was a descendant of the poet Corneille. She was 
born in 1768, and passed her early years in a convent at Caen, where she 
was noted for her thoughtfulness and piety. At the time of the French 
Revolution she entered with ardof" into all political questions, was an enthu- 
siastic adherent of the Girondistsl and deeply distressed at their proscription 
in IJ93. As Marat was then Ort the height of his power, she resolved to 
imitate fuditJi. and rid her country of the tyrant. She went to Paris, and 
after many futile attempts to approach Marat, unwillingly resorted to a 
stratagem, and pretending to be a bearer of dispatches from the pr minces, 
obtained access to his room when he was in the bath, where she stabbed him 
while he was reading the paper she handed him. For this deed, she was 
guillotined in July, 1793. 

Ponsard's " Charlotte Corday : a tragedy." 




CHARLOr-TE CO'f-.OAY AND MARAT. 




CHARLOTTE CORDAY AND MARAT. 



CHEBAR 



219 



CHERRY 



Che'bar, tlie tutelar angel of Mary, sis- 
ter of Martha and Lazarus of Bethany. — 
Klopstock, The Messiah, xii. (1771). 

Ched'eraza'de (5 syl), mother of HemV 
junah and wife of Zebene'zer, sultan of 
Cassimir'. Her daughter having run away 
to prevent a forced marriage with the 
prince of Georgia, whom she had never 
seen, the sultana pined away and died. — 
Sir C. Morell [J.Ridley], Tales of the Genii 
(" Princess of Cassimir," tale vii., 1751). 

Cheder'les (3 syl.), a Moslem hero, who, 
like St. Greorge, saved a virgin exposed to 
the tender mercies of a huge dragon. He 
also drank of the waters of immortality, 
and lives to render aid in war to any who 
invoke it. 

Wien Chederl^s comes 
To aid the Moslem on his deathless horse, 
... as [(/] he had newly quaffed 
The hidden waters of eternal youth. 
Southey, Joaii of Arc, vi. 302, etc. (1837). 

Cheeney (Frank), an outspoken bach- 
elor. He marries Kate Tyson. — Wybert 
Reeve, Parted. 

Cheerly' (Mrs.), daughter of colonel 
Woodley. After being married three 
years, she was left a widow, young, hand- 
some, rich, lively, and gay. She came to 
London, and was seen in the opera by 
Frank HeartaU, an open-hearted, impul- 
sive young merchant, who fell in love with 
her, and followed her to her lodging. Fer- 
ret, the villain of the story, misinterpreted 
aU the kind actions of Frank, attributing 
. his gifts to hush-money ; but his character 
was amply vindicated, and " the soldier's 
daughter" became his blooming wife. — 
Cherry, The Soldier's Daughter (1804). 

Miss O'Neill, at the age of nineteen, made her 
d&mt at the Theatre Royal, Crow Street, in 1811, 
as " The Widow Cheerly." — ^W. Donaldson. 



Cheeryble Brothers {The), brother 
Ned and brother Charles, thg incarnations 
of all that is warm-hearted, generous, be- 
nevolent, and kind. They were once home- 
less boys running about the streets bare- 
footed, and when they grew to be wealthy 
London merchants were ever ready to 
stretch forth a helping hand to those strug- 
gling against the buffets of fortune. 

Frank Cheeryble, nephew of the brothers 
Cheeryble. He married Kate Nickleby. — 
C. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby (1838). 

Cheese (Dr.), an English translation of 
the Latin Dr. Caseus, that is. Dr. John 
Chase, a noted quack, who was born in the 
reign of Charles II., and died in that of 
queen Anne. 

Chemistry (The Father of), Arnaud de 
ViUeneuve (1238-1314). 

Che'mos (ch = k), god of the Moabites ; 
also called Baal-Pe'or ; the Pria'pus or idol 
of turpitude and obscenity. Solomon 
built a temple to this obscene idol " in the 
hiU that is before Jerusalem " (1 Kings xi. 
7). In the hierarchy of heU Milton gives 
Chemos the fourth rank: (1) Satan, (2) 
Beelzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos. 

Next Chemos, the ob'scene dread of Moab's sons, 
Peor his other name. 

Paradise Lost, 406, 412 (1665). 

Cheney, a mighty hunter in the north- 
ern woods, whose story is told in The Adi- 
rondack, by Joel Tyler Headley (1849). 

Cherone'an {The) or The Cherone'an 
Sage {ch = k), Plutarch, who was born at 
Chserone'a, in Boeo'tia (a.d. 46-120). 

This praise, Cheronean sage, is thine. 

Beattie, Minstrel (1773). 

Cher'ry, the lively daughter of Boni- 
face, landlord of the inn at Lichfield. — Geo. 



CHEERY 220 

Farquhar, The Beaux' Stratagem (1705). 
(See Cheey.) ^ 

Cherry (Andrew), comic actor and dram- 
atist (1762-1812), author of The Soldier's 
Daughter, All for Fame, Two Strings to 
Your Bow, The Village, Spanish Dollars, 
etc. He was specially noted for his excel- 
lent wigs. 

Shall sapient managers new scenes produce 
From Cherry, Skeffington, and Mother Goose ? 
Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers 
(1809). 

»#* Mother Goose is a pantomime by C. 
Dibdin. 

Cher'uMm {Don), the " bachelor of Sal- 
amanca," who is placed in a vast number 
of different situations of life, and made to 
associate with all classes of society, that 
the author may sprinkle his satire and 
wit in every direction. — Lesage, The Bache- 
lor of Salamanca (1737). 

Cher'y, the son of Brunetta (who was 
the wife of a king's brother), married his 
cousin Fairstar, daughter of the king. He 
obtained for his cousin the three wonder- 
ful things : The dancing water, which had 
the power of imparting beauty ; the sing- 
ing apple, which had the power of impart- 
ing wit; and the little green bird, which 
had the power of telling secrets. — Com- 
tesse D'Aunoy, Fairg Tales ("The Prin- 
cess Fairstar," 1682). 

Ches'ter {Sir John), a plausible, foppish 
villain, the sworn enemy of Geoffrey Hare- 
dale, by whom he is killed in a duel. Sir 
John is the father of Hugh, the gigantic 
servant at the Maypole inn. 

Edward Chester, son of sir John, and the 
lover of Emma Haredale. — C. Dickens, 
Barnaly Budge (1841). 

Chesterfield {Charles), a young man of 



CHIBIABOS 



genius, the hero and title of a novel by 
Mrs. Trollope (1841). The object of this 
novel is to satirize the state of literature 
in England, and to hold up to censure 
authors, editors, and publishers as profli- 
gate, selfish, and corrupt. 

Chesterton {Paul), nephew to Mr. Percy 
Chaffington, stock-broker and M.P.— T. 
M. Morton, If I had a Thousand a Year 
(1764-1838)'. 

Chevalier d'Industrie, a man who lives 
by his wits and callshimseK a " gentleman." 

Denicheur de f auvettes, chevalier de I'ordre de 
I'industrie, qui va ehercher quelque bon nid, 
quelque femme qui lui fasse sa fortune. — Gon- 
gam ou VHomme Frodigieux (1713). 

Chevalier Malfet {Le), so sir Launcelot 

calls himself after he was cured of his mad- 
ness. The meaning of the phrase is " The 
knight who has done ill," or " The knight 
who has trespassed." — Sir T. Malory, His- 
tory of Prince Arthur, iii. 20 (1470). 

Cheveril {Hans), the ward of Mordent, 
just come of age. Impulsive, generous, 
hot-blooded. He resolves to be a rake, 
but scorns to be a villain. However, he 
accidentally meets with Joanna " the de- 
serted daughter," and falls in love with 
her. He rescues her from the clutches of 
Mrs. Enfield the crimp, and marries her. 
— Holcroft, The Deserted Daughter (altered 
into The Steward). 

The part that placed me [ Walter Lacy] in the 
position of a light comedian was " Cheveril," in 
The Steward, altered from Holcroft's Deserted 
Daughter. — W. Lacy, Letter to W. G. Russell. 

ChibiaTjos, the Harmony of Nature per- 
sonified ; a musician, the friend of Hiawa- 
tha, and ruler in the land of spirits. When 
he played on his pipe, the " brooks ceased 
to murmur, the wood-birds to sing, the 
squirrel to chatter, and the rabbit sat up- 



Chatterton* s Holiday- Afternoon 



W.B. Morris, Artist 



W. Ridgway, Engraver 



P 



rHOMAS CHATTERTON, born at Bristol, England, in ty^2, won 
an unenviable distinction by his literary forgeries which for a long 
time deceived the uncritical public of his time. He pretended to 
have found the originals of his old English poems in the muniment-room of 
Redclijfe Church. His discoveries created such a stir in the literary world 
that he went to London to seek his fortune. Here he found only neglect and 
poverty, and finally in lyjo, at the age of eighteen, died by his own hand. 
The picture shows the lad in the muniment-room where he passed his holiday- 
afternoons dreaming and writing of the dream-world that became more real 
to him, as it was more interesting than the world he saw about him with his 
bodily eyes. 



1^ Twtmiifjimiimii tw°3f «mffiTmMHwmwiTmitw'iTi|(ff 









k I, I '"fJl 11 



J%d 




CHIBIABOS 



221 



CHICKWEED 



right to look and listen." He was drowned 
in Lake Superior by the breaking of the 
ice. 

Most beloved by Hiawatha 
"Was the gentle Chibiabos ; 
He the best of all nrasicians, 
He the sweetest of aU singers. 
Longfellow, Hiawatha, vi. and xv. 

Chihiabos, venerable chief in The Myth 
of Hiawatha and Other Oral Legends of 
North American Indians, by Henry Eowe 
Schoolcraft (1856). 

Chicaneau {She' .ka.no'), a litigious 
tradesman in Les Plaideurs, by Racine, 
(1668). 

Chich'i-Vache (3 syl.), a monster that 
fed only on good women. The word 
means the "sorry cow." It was all skin 
and bone, because its food was so ex- 
tremely scarce. (See Bycokn.) 

O noble wyvSs, full of heigh prudence, 
Let noon humilitie your tonges nayle . 
Lest Chichi- Vache you swalwe in her entraile. 
Chaucer, Canterbury Tales ("Clerk's Tale," 
1388). 

Chick (Mr.), brother-in-law of Mr. Dom- 
bey ; a stout gentleman, with a tendency 
to whistle and hum airs at inopportune 
moments. Mr. Chick is somewhat hen- 
pecked; but in the matrimonial squalls, 
though apparently beaten, he not unfre- 
quently rises up the superior and gets his 
own way. 

Louisa Chick, Mr. Dombey's married 
sister. She is of a snappish temper, but 
dresses in the most juvenile style, and is 
persuaded that anything can be accom- 
phshed if persons will only " make an ef- 
fort." — C. Dickens, Dombey and Son (1846). 

Chicken {The), Michael Angelo Taylor, 
barrister, so called because in his maiden 
speech, 1785, he said, " I deliver this opin- 



ion with great deference, being but a 
chicken in the profession of the law." 

Chicken {The Game), a low fellow, to be 
heard of at the bar of the Black Badger. 
Mr. Toots selects this man as his instructor 
in fencing, betting, and self-defence. The 
Chicken has short hair, a low forehead, a 
broken nose, and " a considerable tract of 
bare and sterile country behind each ear." 
^C. Dickens, Domhey and Son (1846). 

Chickens and the Augurs. When the 
augurs told Publius Claudius Pulcher, the 
Eoman consul, who was about to engage 
the Carthaginian fleet, that the sacred 
chickens would not eat, he replied, " Then 
toss them into the sea, that they may 
drink." 

Chick'enstalker {Mrs.), a stout, bonny, 
kind-hearted woman, who keeps a general 
shop. Toby Veck, in his dream, imagines 
her married to Tugby, the porter of sir 
Joseph Bowley. — C. Dickens, The Chimes 
(1844). 

Chick'weed {Conkey, i.e. Nosey), the 
man who robbed himseK. He was a li- 
censed victualler on the point of failing, 
and gave out that he had been robbed of 
327 guineas "by a tall man with a black 
patch over his eye." He was much pitied, 
and numerous subscriptions were made on 
his behalf. A detective was sent to ex- 
amine into the " robbery," and Chickweed 
would cry out, " There he is ! " and run 
after the "hypothetical thief" for a con- 
siderable distance, and then lose sight of 
him. This occurred over and over again, 
and at last the detective said to him, " I've 
found out who done this here robbery." 
"Have you?" said Chickweed. "Yes," 
said Spyers, " you done it yourself." And 
so he had. — C. Dickens, Oliver Twist, xxxi. 
(1837). 



CHIFFINCH 



222 



CHILDREN IN THE WOOD 



Chif finch {Master Thomas), alias Will 
Smith, a friend of Richard Ganlesse (2 syl.). 
The private emissary of Charles II. He 
was employed by the duke of Bucking- 
ham to carry off Alice Bridgenorth to 
Whitehall, but the captive escaped and 
married Julian Peveril. 

Kate Chiffinch, mistress of Thomas Chif- 
finch. — Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak 
(time, Charles II.). 

Chignon [SMn.yong], the French valet 
of Miss Alscrip " the heiress." A silly, af- 
fected, typical French valet-de-chambre. — 
General Burgoyne, The Heiress (1718). 

Chi'lax, a merry old soldier, lieutenant 
to general Memnon, in Paphos. — Beaumont 
and Fletcher, The Mad Lover (1617). 

Child (The), Bettina, daughter of Maxi- 
miliane Brentano. So called from the 
title of her book, Goethe^s Correspondence 
with a Child. 

Child of Nature {The), a play by Mrs. 
Inchbald. Amantis was the " child of Na- 
ture." She was the daughter of Alberto, 
banished "by an unjust sentence," and 
during his exile he left his daughter under 
the charge of the marquis Almanza. Aman- 
tis was brought up in total ignorance of 
the world and the passion-principles which 
sway it, but felt grateful to her guardian, 
and soon discovered that what she called 
"gratitude" the world calls "love." Her 
father returned home rich, his sentence 
cancelled and his innocence allowed, just 
in time to give his daughter in marriage 
to his friend Almanza. 

Childe Harokl, a man sated with the 
world, who roams from place to place, to 
kill time and escape from himself. The 
"childe" is, in fact, lord Byron himself, 
who was only twenty-two when he began 



the poem, which was completed in seven 
years. In canto i. the " childe " visits Port- 
ugal and Spain (1809) ; in canto ii. Turkey 
in Europe (1810); in canto iii. Belgium 
and Switzerland (1816) ; and in canto iv. 
Venice, Rome, and Florence (1817). 

(" Childe " is a title of honor, about tan- 
tamount to " lord," as childe Waters, childe 
Rolande, childe Tristram, childe Arthur, 
chUde Childers, etc.) 

Chil'ders {E. W. B.), one of the riders 
in Sleary's circus, noted for his vaulting 
and reckless riding in the character of the 
"Wild Huntsman of the Prairies." This 
compound, of groom and actor marries 
Josephine, Sleary's daughter. 

Kidderminster Childers, son of the above, 
known in the profession as " Cupid." He 
is a diminutive boy, with an old face 
and facetious manner wholly beyond his 
years. — C. Dickens, Hard Times (1854). 

Children {The Henneherg). It is said 
that the countess of Henneberg railed at 
a beggar for having twins, and the beggar, 
turning on the countess, who was forty- 
two years old, said, "May you have as 
many children as there are days in a year," 
and sure enough, on Good Friday, 1276, 
the countess brought forth 365 at one 
birth ; all the males were christened John, 
and aU the females JElizaheth. They were 
buried at a village near La Hague, and the 
jug is still shown in which they were bap- 
tized. 

Children in the Wood, the little son 
(three years old) and younger daughter 
(Jane) left by a Norfolk gentleman on his 
death-bed to the care of his deceased wife's 
brother. The boy was to have £300 a year 
on coming of age, and the girl £500 as a 
wedding portion ; but if the children died 
in their minority the money was to go to 



The Children in the Wood 

J. Sunt, Artist j,j. Chant, Engraver 



T'yF'7' ILLIAM took hh sister Jane by the hand and they walked in 
rr fear up and down the wood. "Will the strange man come with 

some cakes, Billy ? ' ' said little Jane. " By and by, dear Jane, ' ' 
said IVilliam ; and soon after, " Izvish I had sotnecakcs, Billy / " said she. 
They then looked about with their little eyes to every part of the wood ; and 
it would have melted a heart as hard as stone, to see how sad they looked, 
and how they listened to every sound of ivind in the trees. After they had 
waited a very long time they tried to fill their bellies with blackberries ; but 
they soon ate all that were tvithin their reach. Night was now coming on, 
and IVilliam, who had tried all he could to comfort his little sister, at last 
wanted comfort himself; so when Jane said once more, "How hungry I am, 

Billy ! I b-e-l-i-e-v-e / cannot help crying . ' ' William burst out 

a-crying. too ; and down they lay upon the cold earth ; and putting their 
arms round each other 's neck, there they starved and there they died. 

" Child 's Own Book of Fairy Tales. ' ' 




THE CHILDREN IN THE WOOD. 



CHILDREN IN THE WOOD 223 



CHIRON 



the uncle. The uncle, in order to secure 
the property, hired two ruffians to murder 
the children, but one of them relented and 
killed his companion; then, instead of 
murdering the babes, he left them in Way- 
land Wood, where they gathered blackber- 
ries, but died at night with cold and terror. 
All things went ill with the uncle, who 
perished in gaol, and the ruffian, after a 
lapse of seven years, confessed the whole 
■viUainy. — Percy, Reliques, III. ii. 18. 

Children of the Mist, one of the 

branches of the MacGregors, a wild race of 
Scotch Highlanders, who had a skirmish 
with the soldiers in pursuit of Dalgetty 
and M'Eagh among the rocks (ch. 14). — 
Sir W. Scott, Legend of Montrose (time, 
Charles I.). 

Chillip {Dr.)^ a physician who attended 
Mrs. Copperfield at the birth of David. 

He was the meekest of Ms set, the mildest of 
little men. — C. Dickens, Band Copperfield, i 
(1849). 

Chillon' {Prisoner of), Francois de Bon- 
nivard, of Lunes, the Grenevese patriot 
(1496-1571) who opposed the enterprises 
of Charles III. (the duke-bishop of Savoy) 
against the independence of Geneva, and 
was cast by him into the prison of Chillon, 
where he was confined for six years. Lord 
Byron makes him one of six brothers, two 
of whom died on the battle-field ; one was 
burnt at the stake, and three were impris- 
oned at Chillon. Two of the prisoners 
died, but Francois was set at liberty by 
the people of Berne. — Byron, Prisoner of 
Chillon (1816). 

Chimfene {La Belle) or Xime'na, daugh- 
ter of count Lozano de Gormaz, wife of 
the Cid. After the Cid's death she de- 
fended Valentia from the Moors with great 



bravery, but without success. Corneille 
and Guihem de Cantro have introduced her 
in their tragedies, but the role they repre- 
sent her to have taken is whoUy imaginary. 

Chinaman {John)^ a man of China. 

Chindasuin'tho (4 syl.), king of Spain, 
father of Theod'ofred, and grandfather of 
Roderick last of the Gothic kings. — 
Southey, Roderick, etc. (1814). 

Chinese Philosopher {A). Oliver Gold- 
smith, in the Citizen of the World, caUs his 
book " Letters from a Chinese Philosopher 
residing in London to his Friends in the 
East" (1759). 

Chingachgook, the Indian chief, called 
in French Le Gros Serpent. Fenimore 
Cooper has introduced this chief into four 
of his novels. The Last of the Mohicans, The 
Pathfinder, TJie Beerslayer, and The Pio- 
neer. 

Chintz {Mary), Miss Bloomfield's maid, 
the bespoken of Jem Miller. — C. Selby, The 
Unfinished Gentleman. 

Chi'os {The Man of). Homer, who lived 

at Chios [X*'.os]. At least Chios was one 
of the seven cities which laid claim to the 
bard, according to the Latin hexameter 
verse : 

Smyrna, Rhodes, Colbphon, Saiamis, Chios, 
Argos, Athenas. — ^Varro. 

Chirn'side {LucJcie), poulterer at Wolfs 
Hope village. — Sir W. Scott, Bride ofLarn- 
mermoor (time, William III.). 

Chi'ron, a centaur, renowned for his 
skill in hunting, medicine, music, gymnas- 
tics, and prophecy. He numbered among 
his pupUs Achilles, Peleus, Diomede, and 
indeed aU the most noted heroes of Gre- 



CHIEON 



224 



CHOPPAED 



cian story. Jupiter took him to heaven, 
and made him the constellation Sagittarius. 

... as Chii-on erst had done 
To that proud bane of Troy, her god-resembling 
son [Achilles]. 

Drayton, PolyoTbion, v. (1612). 

Chirrup {Betsey), the housekeeper of 
Mr. Sowerberry, the misanthrope. — ^W. 
Brough, A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock. 

Chita, the child orphaned by the fearful 
tragedy detailed in Luf cadio Hearn's Chita: 
A Memory of Last Island. The little one 
is dragged from her dead mother's neck 
■wMle she has still the strength to cry out 
"Maman! maman!" and borne through 
the surf by the fisherman Felix, to the 
arms of his wife. Brought up as the child 
of the humble pair, she never suspects 
that the stranger who, years after, dies of 
yeUow fever brought from New Orleans to 
Felix's hut is her father (1888). 

Chitling (Tom), one of the associates of 
Fagin the Jew. Tom Chitling was always 
most deferential to the " Artful Dodger." — 
C. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837). 

Chivalry (The Flower of), William Dou- 
glas, lord of Liddesdale (fourteenth cent- 
ury). 

Chlo'e [Klo'.e], the shepherdess beloved 
by Daphnis, in the pastoral romance called* 
Daphnis and Chloe, by Longus. St. Pierre's 
tale of Paul and Virginia is based on this 
pastoral. 

Chloe or rather Cloe. So Prior calls 
Mrs. Centlivre (1661-1723). 

Chloe {Aunt), the faithful wife of Uncle 
Tom in Harriet Beecher Stowe's famous 
book Uncle Tom^s Cabin. She hires her- 
self out to a pastry-cook to help redeem 
her husband after he is " sold South." Her 



exhortation, " Think o' your marcies, chil- 
len ! think o' your marcies !" is sincere, yet 
when Tom quotes, " Pray for them that 
despitefuUy use you," she sobs out, " Lor' ! 
it's too tough ! I canH pray for 'em ! " (1852) 

Chloe {Aunt), " a homeless widow, of ex- 
cellent Vermont intentions and high ideals 
in cup-cake, summoned to that most dif- 
ficult of human tasks, the training of 
another woman's child. . . . She held it to 
be the first business of any woman who 
undertook the- management of a literary 
family like her brother's to attend prop- 
erly to its digestion."— Ehzabeth Stuart 
Phelps, The Story of Avis (1877). 

Chlo'ris, the ancient Glreek name of 

Flora. 

Around your haunts 
The laughing Chloris with profusest hand 
Throws wide her blooms and odors. 

Akenside, Hymn to the Naiads. 

Choe'reas {ch = k), the lover of CaUir- 
rhoe, in the Grreek romance called The 
Loves of Chcereas and Callirrhoe, by Char'- 
iton (eighth century). 

Choke {General), a lank North Amer- 
ican gentleman, " one of the most remark- 
able men in the country." He was editor 
of The Watertoast Gazette, and a member 
of " The Eden Land Corporation." It was 
general Choke who induced Martin Chuz- 
zlewit to stake his all in the egregious 
Eden swindle. — C. Dickens, Martin Chuz- 
dewit (1844). 

Cholmondeley [ChUm'.ly], of Vale 
Eoyal, a friend of sir Greoffrey Peveril. — 
Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, 
Charles XL). 

Clioppard {Pierre), one of the gang of 

thieves, called " The Ugly Mug." When 
asked a disagreeable question, he always 



The Prisoner of Chillon 

(C "W AKE Leman lies%> Chilldn's -walls: 
M' A thousand feet in depth below 
Its massywatefslmeet and flow ;• 
Thus much the fath(M line was sent 
From Chillon' s snozp^ipinte battlement, 
Which round about the it^ve enthrals; 
A dguble dungeon wall r0d wave 
Have made — and like aWving grave, '■ 
Below the surface oftbe'f^ke 
The- dark vault lies phernn we lay." 

Byron' s " Prisoner of ChiUon." 




THE PRISONER OF CHILLON. 



OHOPPAED 



225 



CHRISTIAN 



answered, " I'll ask my wife, my memory's 
so slippery." — Edward Stirling, The Cou- 
rier of Lyons (1852). 

Clirieniliil'da. (See under K.) 

Chrisom Child {A), a child that dies 
snthin a month of its birth. So called 
because it is buried in the white cloth 
anointed with chrism (oil and balm) worn 
at its baptism. 

" He's in Ai-thur's [Abraham's] bosom, if ever 
man went to Arthnr's bosom. 'A made a finer 
end, and went away, an it bad been any christom 
[chrisom] child. 'A parted just ... at turning 
o' the tide." (Quickly's description of the death 
of Falstaff.) — Shakespeare, Henry V. act ii. so. 3 
(1599). 

Wby, Mike's a child to him ... a chrism chUd. 
Jean Ingelow, Brothers and a Sermon. 

Cliris'tabel (cA = k), the heroine of a 
fragmentary poem of the same title by 
Coleridge. 

Christabel, the heroine of an ancient ro- 
mance entitled Sir Eglamour ofArtois. 

Christabelle [Kris.'ta.beT], daughter of 
" a bonnie king of Ireland," beloved by sir 
Caidine (2 syl.). When the king knew of 
their loves he banished sir Cauline from 
the kingdom. Then as Christabelle drooped 
the king held a tournament for her amuse- 
ment, every prize of which was carried off 
by an unknown knight in black. On the 
last day came a giant with two " goggling 
eyes, and mouthe from ear to ear," called 
the Soldain, and defied all comers. No one 
would accept his challenge save the knight 
in black, who succeeded in killing his adver- 
sary, but died himself of the wounds he 
had received. "When it was discovered 
that the knight was sir Cauline, the lady 
" fette a sighe, that burst her gentle hearte 
in twayne." — Percy, Beliques ("Su* Cau- 
line," I. i. 4). 



Christian, the hero of Bunyan's allegory 
called The Pilgrim's Progress. He flees 
from the City of Destruction and journeys 
to the Celestial City. At starting he has a 
heavy pack upon his shoulders, which falls 
off immediately he reaches the foot of the 
cross. (The pack, of course, is the bundle 
of sin, which is removed by the blood of 
the cross. 1678.) 

Christian, a follower of Christ. So called 
first at Antioch. — Acts xi. 26. 

Christian, captain of the patrol in a 
small German town in which Mathis i& 
burgomaster. He marries Annette, the- 
burgomaster's daughter. — J. R. Ware, The 
Polish Jew. 

Christian, synonym of "Peasant^ in 
Russia. This has arisen from the abun- 
dant legislation under czar Alexis and czar 
Peter the Great, to prevent Christian serfs 
from entering the service of Mohammedan 
masters. No Christian is allowed to belong 
to a Mohammedan master, and no Moham- 
medan master is allowed to employ a 
Christian on his estate. 

Christian II. (or Christiern), king of 
Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. When 
the Dalecarlians rose in rebellion against 
him and chose Gustavus Vasa for their 
leader, a great battle was fought, in which 
the Swedes were victorious ; but Gustavus 
allowed the Danes to return to their coun- 
try. Christian then abdicated, and Swe- 
den became an independent kingdom. — H. 
Brooke, Gustavus Vasa (1730). 

Chris'tian (Edward), a conspirator. He 
has two aliases, "Richard Gan'lesse" (2 
syl.) and " Simon Can'ter." 

Colonel William Christian, Edward's 
brother. Shot for insurrection. 

Fenella ahas Zarah Christian, daughter 



CHRISTIAIT 226 

of Edward Christian.— Sir W. Scott, Pev- 
eril of the Peah (time, George II.). 

Christian {Fletcher), mate of the Bounty, 
tmder the command of captain Bligh, and 
leader of the mutineers. After setting the 
captain and some others adrift, Christian 
took command of the ship, and, according 
to lord Byron, the mutineers took refuge 
in the island of Toobouai (one of the So- 
ciety Islands). Here Torquil, one of the 
mutineers, married Neuha, a native. After 
a time a ship was sent to capture the mu- 
tineers. Torquil and Neuha escaped, and 
lay concealed in a cave; but Christian, 
Ben Bunting, and Skyscrape were shot. 
This is not according to fact, for Christian 
merely touched at Toobouai, and then, with 
eighteen of the natives and nine of the 
mutineers, sailed for Tahiti, where all soon 
died except Alexander Smith, who changed 
his name to John Adams, and became a 
model patriarch. — Byron, The Island. 

Christian Doctor {Most), John Char- 
Uer de Gerson (1363-1429). 

Christian Eloqixence {The Founder of), 

Louis Bourdaloue (1632-1704). 

Christian King {Most). So the kings 
of France were styled. Pepin le Br ef was 
so styWd by pope Stephen III. (714-768). 
Charles II. le Chauve was so styled by the 
Council of Savonnieres (823, 840-877). 
Lotus XI. was so styled by Paul II. (1423, 
1461-1483). 

Christian'a {eh = k), the wife of Chris- 
tian, who started with her children and 
Mercy from the City of Destruction long 
after her husband's flight. She was imder 
the guidance of Mr. Greatheart, and went, 
therefore, with silver slippers along the 
thorny road. This forms the second part 
of Bunyan's Pilgrirn's Progress (1684). 



CHEISTINE 



Chris'tie (2 syl) of the Clint Hill, one 
of the retainers of Julian Avenel (2 syl.). 
—Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Eliz- 
abeth). 

Chris'tie (John), ship-chandler at Panl's 
wharf. 

Dame Nelly Christie, his pretty wife, car- 
ried off by lord Dalgamo. — Sir W. Scott, 
Fortunes of Nigel (time, James L). 

Christi'na, daughter of Christian II. 
king of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. 
She is sought in marriage by prince Arvi'- 
da and by Gustavus Vasa; but, the prince 
abandons his claim in favor of his friend- 
After the great battle, in which Christian 
is defeated by Gustavus, Christina clings 
to her father, and pleads with Gustavus 
on his behalf. He is sent back to Den- 
mark, with all his men, without ransom, 
but abdicates, and Sweden is erected into 
a separate kingdom. — H. Brooke, Gustavus 
Vasa (1730). 

Christina Pnrcell, a happy, pure girl, 
whose sheltered life and frank innocence 
contrast strongly with the heavy shjadows 
glooming over outcast "Nixy" in Hedged 
In. 

She [Nixy], looking in from the street at mother 
and child, wondered if the lady here and the white 
daughter were rehgious ; if it were because peo- 
ple were white and religious that they aU turned 
her from their doors, — ^then, abruptly, how sh» 
would look sitting in the light of a porcelain, 
lamp, with a white saek on. — ^Elizabefli Stuart 
Phelps, Hedged In (1870), 

Chris'tine (2 syl.), a pretty, saucy young 
woman in the service of the countess Marie, 
to whom she is devotedly attached. After 
the recapture of Ernest (" the prisoner of 
state"), she goes boldly to king Frederick 
II., from whom she obtains his pardon. 
Being set at liberty, Ernest marries the 



CHRISTINE 



227 



CHRONICLERS 



countess. — E. Stirling, The Prisoner of 
State (1847). 

Christine Dryfoos, the undisciplined, 
showy daughter of a self-made man in W. 
D. HoweUs's A Hazard of New Fortunes 
(1889). 

She was self-possessed because she felt 
that a knowledge of her father's fortune 
had got around, and she had the peace 
which money gives to ignorance. She is 
madly ia love with Beaton, whose atten- 
tions have raised expectations he concluded 
not to fulfill. At their last meeting she 
felt him more than hfe to her, and knew 
him lost, and the frenzy that makes a 
woman kill the man she loves or fling vit- 
riol to destroy the beauty she cannot have 
for all hers possessed her lawless soul. . . . 
She flashed at him, and with both hands 
made a feline pass at the face he bent 
towards her. 

Christmas Treasures. Eugene Field, 
in A Little Book of Western Verse, gives a 
father's soliloquy over such treasures as 

The little toy my darling knew, 
A little sock of faded hue, 
A little lock of golden hair, 

aU that remains to him who. 

As he lisped his evening prayer 
Asked the boon with childish grace, 
Then, toddling to the chimney-place. 
He hung his Uttle stocking there. 

(1889.) 

Chris'topher {St.), a saint of the Roman 
and Greek Churches, said to have lived in 
the third century. His pagan name was 
Offerus, his body was twelve ells in height, 
and he lived in the land of Canaan. Offe- 
rus made a vow to serve only the mighti- 
est; so, thinking the emperor was "the 
mightiest," he entered his service. But 
one day the emperor crossed himself for 
fear of the devil, and the giant perceived 



that there was one mightier than his pres- 
ent master, so he quitted his service for 
that of the devil. After awhile, Offerus 
discovered that the devil was afraid of the 
cross, whereupon he enlisted under Christ, 
employing himself in carrying pilgrims ^ 
across a deep stream. One day, a very 
small child was carried across by him, but 
proved so heavy that Offerus, though a 
huge giant, was well-nigh borne down by 
the weight. This child was Jesus, who 
changed the giant's name to Christoferus, 
"bearer of Christ." He died three days 
afterwards, and was canonized. 

Like the great giant Christopher, it stands 
Upon the brink of the tempestuous wave. 
Longfellow, The lAghthmise. 

Christopher "Wright, otherwise " Uncle 
Christopher," is the consequential oracle 
of the neighborhood, and the father of six 
daughters, in Clovernook, by Alice Cary 
(1851). 

Christ's Victory and Triumphs, a 

poem in four parts, by Griles Fletcher 
(1610): Part i. "Christ's Victory in 
Heaven," when He reconciled Justice with 
Mercy, by taking on Himself a body of 
human flesh ; part ii. " Christ's Triumph on 
Earth," when He was led up into the wil- 
derness, and was tempted by Presumption, 
Avarice, and Ambition ;' part iii. " Christ's 
Triumph over Death," when He died on 
the Cross ; part iv. " Christ's Triumph 
after Death," in His resurrection and as- 
cension. (See Paeadise Regained.) 

Chroniclers {Anglo-Norman), a series 
of writers on British history in verse, of 
very early date. G-effroy Oaimar wrote 
his Anglo-Norman chronicle before 1146. 
It is a history in verse of the Anglo-Saxon 
kings. Robert Wace wrote the Brut dAn- 
' gleterre {i.e., Qhronicle of England] in eight- 



CHRONICLEES 



228 



CHRYSAOR 



syllable verse, and presented Ms work to 
Henry II. It was begun in 1160 and fin- 
ished in 1170. 

Chroniclers {Latin), historical writers of 
the eleventh and twelfth centuries. 

Chroniclers {Rhyming), a series of writers 
on English history, from the thirteenth 
century. The most noted are : Layamon 
(called "The English Ennius") bishop of 
Ernleye-upon-Severn (1216). Robert of 
Gloucester, who wrote a narrative of Brit- 
ish history from the landing of Brute to 
the close of the reign of Henry III. (* to 
1272). No date is assigned to the coming 
of Brute, but he was the son of SUvius 
-(Ene'as (the third generation from j3Eneas, 
who escaped from Troy, B.C. 1183), so that 
the date may be assumed to be B.C. 1028, 
thus giving a scope of 2300 years to the 
chronicle. (The verse of this chronicle is 
eight and six syllables displayed together, 
so as to form lines of fourteen syllables 
each.) Robert de Brunne's chronicle is 
in two parts. The first ends with the 
death of Cadwallader, and the second 
with the death of Edward I. The earlier 
parts are similar to the Anglo-Norman 
chronicle of Wace, (The verse is octo-syl- 
labic.) 

Chronicles of Canongate, certain 
stories supposed to have been written by 
Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, a lady of 
quality and fortune, who lived, when in 
Edinburgh, at Baliol Lodging, in the Can- 
ongate. These tales were written at the 
request of her cousin, Mr. Croftangry, by 
whom, at her death, they were published. 
The first series contains The Highland 
Widow, The Two Drovers, and The Sur- 
geon's Daughter [afterwards removed from 
this series]. The second series contains 
The Fair Maid of Perth.— Sir W. Scott, 



"Chronicles of Canongate" (introduction 
to The Highland Widow). 

Chronology {The father of), J. J. Scali- 
ger a540-1609), 

Chronon - Hoton - Thol'ogos {King). 
He strikes Bombardin'ian, general of his 
forces, for giving him hashed pork, and 
saying, " Kings as great as Chrononhoton- 
thologos have made a hearty meal on 
worse." The king calls his general a trai- 
tor. " Traitor in thy teeth ! " retorts the 
general. They fight, and the king dies. — 
H. Carey, Chrononhotonthologos (a bur« 
lesque). 

Chrysalde' (2 sgl.), friend of Arnolphe. 
— Mohere, DJ^cole des Femmes (1662). 

Chrysale (2 syl.), a simple-minded, hen- 
pecked Erench tradesman, whose wife Phi- 
laminte (3 syl.) neglects her house for the 
learned languages, women's rights, and the 
aristocracy of mind. He is himself a plain 
practical man, who has no sympathy with 
the has bleu movement. He has two daugh- 
ters, Armande (2 syl.) and Henriette, both 
of whom love Olitandi'e; but Armande, 
who is a "blue-stocking," loves him pla- 
tonically ; while Henriette, who is a " thor- 
ough woman," loves him with a woman's 
love. Chrysale sides with his daughter 
Henriette, and when he falls into money 
difficulties through . the " learned proclivi- 
ties " of his wife, Clitandre comes forward 
like a man, and obtains the consent of 
both parents to his marriage with Henri- 
ette. — Moli^re, Les Femmes Savantes (1672). 

Chrysa'or {ch = Jc), the sword of sir 
Ar'tegal, which "exceeded all other 
swords." It once belonged to Jove, and 
was used by him against the Titans, but 
it had been laid aside till Astrsea gave it 
to the Knight of Justice. 



CHEYSAOR 



229 



CHUZZLEWIT 



Of most perfect metal it was made, 

Tempered with adamant ... no substance was 

so . . . hard 
But it would pierce or cleave whereso it came. 
Spenser, Faery Queen, v. (1596). 

*#* The poet tells us it was broken to 
pieces by Eadigund queen of the Amazons 
(bk. V. 7), yet it reappears whole and sound 
(canto 12), when it is used with good ser- 
vice against Grrantorto {the spirit of rebell- 
ion). Spenser says it was called Chrysaor 
because " the blade was garnished all with 
gold." 

Chrysa'or, son of Neptune and Medu'sa. 
He married Callir'rhoe (4 syl.), one of the 
sea-nymphs. 

Chrysaor rising out of the sea, 
Showed thus glorious and thus emulous, 
Leaving the arms of CallirrhoS. 

Longfehow, The Evening Star. 

Chryseis [Kri.see' .iss], daughter of 
Chryses priest of Apollo. She was famed 
for her beauty and her embroidery. Dur- 
ing the Trojan war Chryseis was taken 
captive and allotted to Agamemnon king 
of Argos, but her father came to ransom 
her. The king would not accept the of- 
fered ransom, and Chryses prayed that a 
plague might fall on the Grecian camp. 
His prayer was answered, and in order to 
avert the plague Agamemnon sent the 
lady back to her father not only without 
ransom but with costly gifts. — Homer, 
Iliad, 1. 

Chrysostom, a famous scholar, who 
died for' love of MarceUa, " rich William's 
daughter." 

Chucks, the boatswain under Captain 
Savage. — Captain Marryat, Peter Simple 
(1833). 

Chuflfey, Anthony Chuzzlewit's old 



clerk, almost in his dotage, but master 
and man love each other with sincerest 
affection. 

Chuffey fell back into a dark corner on one 
side of the fire-place, where he always spent his 
evenings, and was neither seen nor heard. . . . 
save once, when a cup of tea was given him, in 
which he was seen to soak his bread mechan- 
ically. ... He remained, as it were, frozen up, 
if any term expressive of such a vigorous pro- 
cess can be apphed to him — C. Dickens, Martin 
GJmzzlemt, xi. (1843). 

Chun6e {A la), very huge and bulky. 
Chunee was the largest elephant ever 
brought to England. Henry Harris, man- 
ager of Covent Garden, bought it for £900 
to appear in the pantomime of Harlequin 
Padmenaba, in 1810. It was subsequently 
sold to Cross, the proprietor of Exeter 
'Change. Chunee at length became mad, 
and was shot by a detachment of the 
Guards, receiving 152 wounds. The skele- 
ton is preserved in the museum of the 
College of Surgeons. It is 12 feet 4 inches 
high. 

Church built by Voltaire. Voltaire, 
the atheist, built, at Ferney, a Christian 
church, and had this inscription affixed to 
it " Deo erexit Yoltaire." Campbell, in the 
Life of Covrper (vol. vii., 358) says, "he 
knows not to whom Cowper alludes in 
these lines : " 

Nor his who for the bane of thousands bom. 
Built God a church, and laughed His word to 
scorn. Cowper, Retirement (1782). 

Churm. Guide, philosopher, and friend 
of Robert Byng, in Cecil Dreeme. A noted 
philanthropist, the fame of whose benevo- 
lence is the Open Sesame to an insane 
asylum in which his child is incarcerated. 
— Theodore Winthrop, Cecil Dreeme (1861). 

Chuzzlewit (Anthony), cousin of Martin 
Chuzzlewit, the grandfather. Anthony is 



CHUZZLEWIT 



230 



CICEEO 



an avaricious old hunks, proud of having 
brought up his son, Jonas, to be as mean 
and grasping as himself. His two redeem- 
ing points are his affection for his old 
old servant, Chuffey, and his forgiveness 
of Jonas after his attempt to poison him. 

The old established firm of Anthony Chuzzle- 
wit and Son, Manchester warehousemen . . . 
had its place of business in a very narrow 
street somewhere behind the Post Office. . . . 
A dim, <lirty, smoky, tumble-down, rotten old 
house it was . . . but here the firm . . . trans- 
acted their business . . . and neither the young 
man nor the old one had any other residence. 
— Chap. xi. 

Jonas Chmdewit, son of Anthony, of 
the "firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit and Son, 
Manchester warehousemen." A consum- 
mate villain of mean brutality and small 
tyranny. He attempts to poison his old 
father, and murders Montague Tigg, who 
knows his secret. Jonas marries Mercy 
Pecksniff, his cousin, and leads her a life 
of utter misery. His education had been 
conducted on money-grubbing principles ; 
the first word he was taught to spell was 
gain, and the second, money. He poisons 
himself to save his neck from the gallows. 

This fine young man had aU the incKnation 
of a profligate of the first water, and only lacked 
the one good trait in the common catalogue of 
debauched vices — open-handedness — to be a no- 
table vagabond. But there his griping and 
penurious habits stepped in. — Chap. xi. 

Martin Chuzzlewit, sen., grandfather to 
the hero of the same name. A stern old 
man, whose kind heart has been turned to 
gaU by the dire selfishness of his relations. 
Being resolved to expose Pecksniff, he 
goes to live in his house, and pretends to 
be weak in intellect, but keeps his eyes 
sharp open, and is able to expose the cant- 
ing scoundrel in all his deformity. 

Martin Chuzzlewit, jun., the hero of the 
tale called Martin Chuzzlewit, grandson to 



old Martin. His nature has been warped 
by bad training, and, at first, he is both 
selfish and exacting ; but the troubles and 
hardships he undergoes in "Eden" com- 
pletely transform him, and he becomes 
worthy of Mary G-raham, whom he mar- 
ries. — C. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit (1844). 

Cyndo'nax, a chief druid, whose tomb 
(with a Greek inscription) was discovered 
near Dijon, in 1598. 

Ciacco' (2 syl.), a glutton, spoken to by 
Dant^, in the third circle of hell, the place 
in which gluttons are consigned to endless 
woe. The word means " a pig," and is not 
a proper name, but only a symbolical one, 
—Dante, Hell, vi. (1300). 

Ciacco, thy dire affliction grieves me much. 

Sell, vi. 

Cicero. When the great Roman orator 
was given up by Augustus to the revenge 
of Antony, it was a cobbler who conducted 
the sicarii to Pormise, whither Cicero had 
fled in a litter, intending to put to sea. 
His bearers would have fought, but Cicero 
forbade them, and one Herennius has the 
unenviable notoriety of being his mur- 
derer. 

It was a cobbler that set the murderers on 
Cicero. — Ouida, Ariadne, i- 6. 

Cicero of the British Senate, George 
Canning (1770-1827). 

Cicero of France, Jean Baptiste Massillon 
(1663-1742). 

Cicero of Germany, John, Elector of 
Brandenburg (1455, 1486-1499). 

Cicero'' s Mouth, Philippe Pot, Prime Min- 
ister of Louis XI. (1428-1494). 

The British Cicero, William Pitt, Earl 
of Chatham (1708-1778). 



CICERO 



231 



CID 



The Christian' Cicero, Lucius Ccelius 
Lactantius (died 330). 

The German Cicero, Johann Sturm, prin- 
ter and scholar (1507-1589). 

Cicely (Sweet). Heroine of novel by 
Marietta HoUey, better known as " Josiah. 
Allen's wife." (1885). 

Cicely Humphreys. Putative daughter 
of Bothwell and Marie Stuart; who is 
made the companion of her mother's jour- 
neyings and captivity. — 0. M. Yonge, Un- 
known to History (1885). 

Cyclinius, mistake in one only manu- 
script of Chaucer for Cyllenius, a name of 
Mercury, from his birth-place, Mt. Cyllene 
in Arcadia. 

Cyclinius (Cyllenius) riding in Ms chevauchie. 
Chaucer, Complaint of Mars and Venus. 

Cid (TheJ^Seid or Signior, also called 
Campeador [Cam.pa'.dor] or "Camp 
hero." Eodrigue Diaz de Bivar was sur- 
named "the Cid." The great hero of 
Castille, he was born at Burgos, 1030, and 
died, 1099. He signalized himself by his 
exploits in the reigns of Ferdinand, Sancho 
II., and Alphonso VI. of Leon and CastiUe. 
In the wars between Sancho II. and his 
brother (Alphonso VI.), he sided with the 
former; and, on the assassination of 
Sancho, was disgraced, and quitted the 
court. He then assembled his vassals and 
marched against the Moors, whom he con- 
quered in several battles, so that Alphonso 
was necessitated to recall him. Both 
CorneiUe and Guilhem de Cantro have ad- 
mirable tragedies on the subject; Eoss 
Neil has an English drama called The Cid; 
Sanchez, in 1775, wrote a long poem of 
1128 verses, called Poema del Cid Campea- 
dor. Southey, in his Chronicle of the Cid 



(1808), has collected all that is known of 
this extraordinary hero. 

(It was The Cid (1636) which gained for 
CorneiUe the title of "Le Grand Cor- 
neiUe.") 

The Cid's Father, Don Diego Lainez. 

The Cid's Mother, Dona Teresa Nunez. 

The ad's Wife, Xime'na, daughter of 
the Count Lozano de Gormaz, The French 
caUed her La Belle Chimene, but the role 
ascribed to her by CorneiUe is whoUy 
imaginary. ' 

Never more to thine own castle 
Wilt thou turn Babieca's rein ; 

Never will thy loved Ximena 
See thee at her side again. 

The Cid. 

The ad's Children. His two daughters 
were Elvi'ra and Sol; his son, Diego 
Eodriquez, died young. 

The CicPs Horse was Babieca [either 
Bab.i.e'.Jceh or Ba.bee.'keh]. It survived' 
its master two years and a half, but no 
one was aUowed to mount it. Babieca 
was buried before the monastery gates of 
Valencia, and two elms were planted to 
mark the spot. 

Troth it goodly was and pleasant 
To behold him at their head, 

All in mail on Babieca, 
And to list the words he said. 

Ths Cid. 

(Here "Babieca" is 4 syl., but in the 
verse above it is only 3 syl.). 

The Cid's Swords, Cola'da and Tizo'na 
("terror of the world"). The latter was 
taken by him from King Bucar. 

Cid (The Portuguese), Nunez Alva'rez 
Perei'ra (1360-1431). 



CID 



232 



CINQUECENTO 



Cid Hamet Benengeli, the hypotheti- 
cal author of Don Quixote. (See Benen- 
geli). 

Spanish commentators have discovered 
this pseudonym to be only an Arabian 
version of Signior Cervantes. Cid, i.e., 
" signior ; " Hamet, a Moorish prefix ; and 
Ben-en-geli, meaning " son of a stag." So 
cervato ("a young stag") is the basis of 
the name Cervantes. 

Cidli, the daughter of Jairus, restored 
to life by Jesus. She was beloved by 
Sem'ida, the young man of Nain, also 
raised by Jesus from the dead. — Klop- 
stock, The Messiah, iv. (1771). 

Cigarette. Vivandiere in the French 
army in Algiers. Passionate, wilful, ten- 
der and brave, she gives her life to save 
that of the man she loves. — Ouida, Under 
Two Flags. 

Cimmerian Darkness. Homer places 
the Cimmerians beyond the Oceanus, in a 
land of never-ending gloom ; and immedi- 
ately after Cimmeria, he places the empire 
of Hades. Pliny ( Historia Naturalis, vi. 
14) places Cimmeria near the Lake Aver- 
nus, in Italy, where " the sun never pene- 
trates." Cimmeria is now called Kertch, 
but the Cossacks call it Prekla (Hell). 

Cincinnatus, virtuous Eoman patriot 
called from the plough to serve the State. 

Cincinna'tus of the Americans, 

George Washington (1732-1799). 

Cinderella, the heroine of a fairy tale. 
She was the drudge of the house, " put 
upon" by her two elder sisters. While 
the elder sisters were at a ball, a fairy 
came, and having arrayed the " little cin- 
der-girl" in ball costume, sent her in a 
magnificent coach to the palace where the 



ball was given. The prince fell in love 
with her, but knew not who she was. 
This, however, he discovered by means of 
a " glass slipper " which she dropped, and 
which fitted no foot but her own. 

(This tale is substantially the same as 
that of Bhodopis and Psammitichus in 
^han (Var. Hist, xiii., 32). A similar 
one is also told in Strabo (Geog. xvii.).) 

The glass slipper should be the fur slip- 
per, pantoufle en vair, not en verre; our 
version being taken from the Contes de 
Fees of C. Perrault (1697). 

Cindy, maid-of-aU-work in the Derrick 

household, in Susan Warner's Say and 
Seal. With the freedom of Yankee help 
she is " ' boun ' to confess " whatever oc- 
curs to her mind in season and out of sea- 
son. (1860). 

Cinna, a tragedy by Pierre Corneille 
(1637). MdUe. Eachel, in 1838, took the 
part of Emilie the heroine, and made a 
great sensation in Paris. 

Cinq-Mars, {H. Coiffier de Muse, mar- 
quis de), favorite of Louis XIII. and pro- 
tege of Eicheheu (1620-1642). Irritated 
by the cardinal's opposition to his mar- 
riage with Marie de Gonzague, Cinq-Mars 
tried to overthrow or to assassinate him. 
Gaston, the king's brother, sided with the 
conspirator, but Richelieu discovered the 
plot, and Cinq-Mars, being arrested, was 
condemned to death. Alfred de Vigny 
published, in 1826, a novel (in imitation of 
Scott's historical novels) on the subject, 
under the title of Cinq-Mars. 

Cinquecento (3 syl.), the fifteenth cen- 
tury of Italian notables. They were Ari- 
osto (1474-1533), Tasso (1544-1595), and 
Giovanni RuceUai (1475-1526), poets; 
Raphael (1483-1520), Titian (1480-1576), 



CINQUECENTO 



233 



CITY MADAM 



and Mieliael Angelo (1474-1564), painters. 
These, with Machiavelli, Ltiigi Alamanni, 
Bernardo Baldi, etc., make up what is 
termed the " Cinquecentesti." The word 
means the worthies of the '500 epoch, and 
it will be observed that they aU flourished 
between 1500 and the close of that cen- 
tury. (See Seicejslta). 

Ouida writes in winter mornings at a Vene- 
tian writing-table of cinquecento work that 
would enrapture the souls of tlie virtuosi who 
haunt Christie's. — E. Yates, Celebrities, six. 

Cipan'go or Zipango, a marvellous 
island described in the Voyages of Marco 
Polo, the Venetian traveller. He described 
it as lying some 1500 miles from land. 
This island was an object of diligent 
search with Columbus and other early 
navigators, but belongs to that wonderful 
chart which contains the JEl Dorado of Sir 
Walter Ealeigh, the Utopia of Sir Thomas 
More, the Atlantis of Lord Bacon, the 
Laputa of Dean Swift, and other places 
better known in story than in geography. 

Circe (2 syl.), a sorceress who meta- 
morphosed the companions of Ulysses 
into swine. Ulysses resisted the enchant- 
ment by means of the herb moly, given 
him by Mercury. 

Who knows not Circe, 
The daughter of the sun, whose charmed cup 
Whoever tasted lost his upright shape, 
And downward f eU into a grovelling swine ? 
MHton, Comus (1634). 

Circuit (Serjeant), in Foote's farce called 
The Lame Lover. 

Cis'ley or Ciss, any dairy-maid. Tus- 
ser frequently speaks of the " dairy-maid 
Cisley," and in April Husbandry tells Ciss 
she must carefully keep these ten guests 
from her cheeses : Gehazi, Lot's wife, Ar- 
gus, Tom Piper, Crispin, Lazarus, Esau, 
Mary Maudlin, Gentiles and bishops. (1) 



Q-ehazi, because a cheese should never be 
a dead white, like Gehazi the leper. (2) 
Lot's wife, because a cheese should not be 
too salt, like Lot's wife. (3) Argus, be- 
cause a cheese should not be full of eyes, 
like Argus. (4) Tom Piper, because a 
cheese should not be " hoven and puffed," 
like the cheeks of a piper. (5) Crispin, 
because a cheese should not be leathery, 
as if for a cobbler's use. (6) Lazarus, be- 
cause a cheese should not be poor, like the 
beggar Lazarus. (7) Esau, because a 
cheese should not be hairy, like Esau. 
(8) Mary Maudlin, because a cheese should 
not be full of whey, as Mary Maudlin was 
full of tears. (9) Gentiles, because a 
cheese should not be full of maggots or 
gentils. (10) Bishops, because a cheese 
should not be made of burnt milk, or milk 
"banned by a bishop." — T. Tusser, Five 
Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, 
("April," 1557). 

Citizen {The), a farce by Arthur Mur- 
phy. George Philpot is destined to be 
the husband of Maria Wilding, but as 
Maria Wilding is in love with Beaufort, 
she behaves so sillily to her betrothed that 
he refuses to marry her, whereupon she 
gives her hand to Beaufort (1757). 

City Madam {The), a comedy by Philip 
Massinger (1633). She was the daughter 
of a farmer named Goodman Humble, and 
married a merchant. Sir John Frugal, who 
became immensely wealthy, but retired 
from business, and by a deed of gift trans- 
ferred his wealth to his brother Luke, 
whereby madam and her daughter were 
both dependent on him. During her days 
of wealth the extravagance of Lady Frugal 
was unbounded, and her dress costly be- 
yond conception; but Luke reduced her 
state to that of farmers' daughters in gen- 
eral. Luke says to her ; 



CITY MADAM 



234 



CLARA 



You were served in plate ; 
Stirred not a foot without a coach, and going 
To church, not for devotion, but to show 
Your pomp. 

The City Madam is an extraordinarily spirited 
picture of actual hfe, ideahzed into a semi-comic 
strain of poetry. — Professor Spaulding. 

Cladpole {Tim), Richard Lower, of 
Chiddingly, author of Tom Cladpole's 
Journey to Lunnun (1831) ; Jan CladpoWs 
Trip to 'Merricur (1844), etc. 

Claimant {The). William Knollys, in 
in The Great Banbury Case, claimed the 
baronetcy, but was non-suited. This suit 
lasted 150 years (1660-1811). 

Douglas V. Hamilton, in The Great 
Douglas Case, was settled in favor of the 
claimant, who was at once raised to the 
peerage under the name and title of Baron 
Douglas of Douglas Castle, but was not 
restored to the title of duke (1767-1769). 

Tom Provis, a schoolmaster of ill repute, 
who had married a servant of Sir Hugh 
Smithes of Ashton Hall, near Bristol, 
claimed the baronetcy and estates, but 
was non-suited and condemned to impris- 
onment for twenty-one years (1853). 

Arthur Orton, who claimed to be Sir 
Roger Tichborne (drowned at sea). He 
was non-suited and sentenced to fourteen 
years' imprisonment for perjury (1871- 
1872). 

Claire T-wining, daughter of a refined 
man, the scion of an old English family 
and a vulgar woman who marries him to 
escape from poverty. After his death, the 
daughter begins her career of rising in the 
social scale, using a wealthy school-fellow 
as the first step, a well-born husband as 
the last. The emptiness and vanity of 
what she gained are well set forth in An 
Ambitious Woman, by Edgar Fawcett. 
(1883). 



Clandestine Marriage {The). Fanny 
Sterling, the younger daughter of Mr. 
Sterling, a rich city merchant, is clandes- 
tinely married to Mr. LoveweU, an ap- 
prentice in the house, of good family ; and 
Sir John Melvil is engaged to Miss Ster- 
ling, the elder sister. Lord Ogleby is a 
guest in the merchant's house. Sir John 
prefers Fanny to her elder sister, and, not 
knowing of her marriage, proposes to her, 
but is rejected. Fanny appeals to Lord 
Ogleby, who, being a vain old fop, fancies 
she is in love with him, and tells Sterling 
he means to make her a countess. Matters 
being thus involved, Lovewell goes to con- 
sult with Fanny about declaring their 
marriage, and the sister, convinced that 
Sir John is shut up in her sister's room, 
rouses the house with a cry of " Thieves !" 
Fanny and LoveweU now make their ap- 
pearance. All parties are scandalized. 
But Fanny declares they have been mar- 
ried four months, and Lord Ogleby takes 
their part. So all ends well. — Gr. Colman 
and D. Garrick (1766). 

This comedy is a rechauffe of The False 
Concord, by Rev. James Townley, many of 
the characters and much of the dialogue 
being preserved. 

Cla'ra, in Otway's comedy called The 
Cheats of Scapin, an English version of 
Les Fourberies de Scapin, by Moliere, re- 
presents the French character called "Hy- 
acinthe." Her father is called by Otway 
"G-ripe," and by Moliere "Geronte" (2 
syl.) ; her brother is " Leander," in French 
" Leandre ; " and her sweetheart " Oc- 
tavian " son of " Thrifty," in French " Oc- 
tave " son of " Argante." The sum of 
money -wrung from Gripe is- £200, but that 
squeezed out of Geronte is 1,500 livres. 

Clara [d'Almanza], daughter of Don 
Guzman of Seville, beloved by Don Ferdi- 



Circe and her Swine 

Briton Rivtl:re, Artist F. Stacpoole, Engraver 



r HEY found the fair abode where Circe, dvoelt, 
A palace of hewn stone within the vale. 
Yet nobly seated. Thefewere mountain wolves 
And lions round it, which herself h4d tamed 
With powerful drugs ; yet these assaulted not 
The visitors, but wagging their long tails. 
Stood on their hinder feet and fawned on them. 
Like mastiffs on their master when he comes 
From banqueting, and brings them food. So fawned 
The strong-clawed wolves and lions on my men. 
With fear my men beheld those beasts of 'prey. 
Yet went, and standing in the portico 
Of the bright-haired divinity, they hMtd 
Her sweet voice singing, as within she threw 
The shuttle through the wide, immortal web 
Such as is wove by the goddesses. 

Aloud they called, and forth she came 

And threw at once the shining doors apart 

And bade my comrades enter. 

She led them in and seated them On thrones. 

Then mingling for them Pramnian wine with cheese. 

Meal and fresh honey, and infusing drugs 

Into the mixture, drugs which made them lose 

The memory of their home, she handed them 

The b^erage, and they drank. Then tttstantly 

She touched them with a zvand and shut them up 

In styes, transformed to swine in head and voice. 

Bristles and shape, though still the human mind 

Remained in them." 

Homer's "Odyssey ' ' (^Bryant's Translation). 



CLARA 



235 



CLAEINDA 



nand, but destined by h.er mother for a 
cloister. She loves Ferdinand, but re- 
pulses him from shyness and modesty, 
quits home and takes refuge in St. Cather- 
ine's Convent. ' Ferdinand discovers her 
retreat, and after a few necessary blunders 
they are married. — Sheridan, The Duenna 
(1773). 

Clara (Donna), the troth-plight wife of 
Octavio. Her affianced husband, having 
killed Don Felix in a duel, was obliged to 
lie perdu for a time, and Clara, assuming 
her brother's clothes and name, went in 
search of him. Both came to Salamanca, 
both set up at the Eagle, both hired the 
same servant, LazarUlo, and ere long they 
met, recognized each other, and became 
man and wife. — Jephson, Two Strings to 
your Bow (1792). 

Clara [Dotjglas], a lovely girl of artless 
mind, feeling heart, great modesty, and 
well accomphshed. She loved Alfred 
Evelyn, but refused to marry him because 
they were both too poor to support a 
house. Evelyn was left an immense for- 
tune, and proposed to Georgina Vesey, 
but Georgina gave her hand to Sir Fred- 
erick Blount. Being thus disentangled, 
Evelyn again proposed to Clara, and 
was joyfully accepted. — Lord L. Bulwer 
Lytton, Money (1840). 

Clarchen [Kler'.Jcn], a female character 
in Goethe's Egmont, noted for her cou' 
stancy and devotion. 

Clare (Ada), cousin of Eichard Car- 
stone, both of whom are orphans and 
wards in Chancery. They marry each 
other, but Richard dies young, blighted 
by the law's delays in the great Chancery 
suit of "Jarndyce v. Jarndyce." — C. 
Dickens, Bleak House (1853). 



Clarence (George Duke of), introduced 
by Sir W. Scott in Anne of Geierstein (time 
Edward IV.). 

Clarence and the Malmsey Butt. 

According to tradition, George, Duke of 
Clarence, having joined Warwick to re- 
place Henry VI. on the throne, was put 
to death, and the choice being ofEered him, 
was drowned in a butt of malmsey wine 
(1478). 

Clarendon (The Earl of), Lord Chan- 
cellor to Charles II. Introduced by Sir 
"W. Scott in Woodstock ftime, Common- 
wealthj. 

Claribel (Sir), surnamed "The Lewd." 
One of the six knights who contended for 
the false Florimel. — Spenser, Faery Queen 
iv. 9(1596). 

Clar'ibel, the pseudonym of Mrs. Barn- 
ard, author of numerous popular songs 
(from 1865 to ). 

Clar'lce (3 syl.), wife of Einaldo, and 
sister of Huon of Bordeaux. Introduced 
in the romances of Bojardo, Ariosto, 
Tasso, etc. 

Clarin or Clarin'da, the confidential 
maid of Radigund, queen of the Am'azons. 
When the queen had got Sir Ar'tegal into 
her power, and made him change his armor 
for an apron, and his sword for a distaff, 
she fell in love with the captive, and sent 
Clarin to win him over by fair promises 
and indulgences. Clarin 'performed the 
appointed mission, but fell in love herself 
with the knight, and told the queen that 
Sir Artegal was obstinate, and rejected 
her advances with scorn. — Spenser, Faery 
Queen, v. 5 (1596). 

Clarinda, the heroine of Mrs. Cent- 
livre's drama The Beau's Duel (1703). 



CLAEINDA 



236 



CLAUDIUS 



*«» " Estifania," in Bule a Wife and 
Have a Wife, by Beaumont and Fletcher. 

Clarin'da, a, merry, good-liumored, high- 
spirited lady, in love with Charles Frankly. 
The madcap Eanger is her cousin. — Dr. 
Hoadly, The Suspicious Husband (1747). 

Clarinda of Robert Burns, was Mrs. 
Maclehose, who was aHve in 1833. 

Clar'ion, the son and heir of Muscarol. 
He was the fairest and most prosperous of 
all the race of flies. Aragnol, the son of 
Arachne (the spider), entertained a deep 
and secret hatred of the young prince, and 
set himself to destroy him ; so, weaving a 
most curious net, Clarion was soon caught, 
and Aragnol gave him his death- wound by 
piercing him under the left wing. — Spen- 
ser Muiopotmos or The Butterfly^s Fate 
(1590). 

Claris' sa, wife of Gripe the scrivener. 
A lazy, lackadaisical, fine city lady, who 
thinks " a woman must be of mechanic 
mold who is either troubled or pleased 
with anything her husband can do " (act 
i. 3). She has " wit and beauty, with a 
fool to her husband," but though " fool," a 
hard, grasping, mean old hunks. 

Claris' sa, sister of Beverley, plighted to 
G-eorge Bellmont. — A. Murphy, All in the 
Wrong, (1761). 

Clarissa Harlowe. (See Haelowe.) 

Clark {The Rev. T.), the pseudonym of 
John CaU, the novelist (1779 1839). 

Clarke (The Rev. C. C), one of the 
many pseudonyms of Sir Richard Phillips, 
author of The Hundred Wonders of the 
World (1818), Readings in Natural Phil- 
osophy. 



Clarsie, the mountain maid who, going 
out at dawn to " try her fortune," discov- 
ers the " Harnt " that walks Chilhowee. — 
Charles Egbert Craddock (Mary NoaiUes 
Murfree), In the Tennessee Mountains (1884). 

Cla'tho, the last wife of Fingal and 
mother of Fillan, Fingal's youngest son. 

Claude {The English), Richard Wilson 
(1714-1782). 

Clau'dine (2 syl.), wife of the porter of 
the hotel Harancour, and old nurse of 
Julio " the deaf and dumb " count. She 
recognizes the lad, who had been rescued 
by De I'Epee from the streets of Paris, 
and brought up by him under the name 
of Theodore. Ultimately, the guardian 
Darlemont confesses that he had sent him 
adrift under the hope of getting rid of 
him; but being proved to be the count, 
he is restored to his rank and property. — 
Th. Holcroft, The Deaf and Dumb (1785). 

Claudio {Lord) of Florence, a friend of 
Don Pedro, Prince of Arragon, and en- 
gaged to Hero (daughter of Leonato, gov- 
ernor of Messina) — -Shakespeare, Much 
Ado about Nothing (1600). 

Claudio, condemned to die for betraying 
his mistress Juliet, tries to buy his life at 
the sacrifice of his sister Isabella's honor, 
shamefully pursued by Angelo, the Duke's 
deputy. — Shakespeare, Measure for Mea- 
sure. 

Clau'dius, King of Denmark, who 
poisoned his brother, married the widow, 
and usurped the throne. Claudius in- 
duced Laertes to challenge Hamlet to play 
with foils, but persuaded him to poison 
his weapon. In the combat the foils got 
changed, and Hamlet wounded Laertes 
with the poisoned weapon. In order still 



Donna Clara and Almanzor 

/"N the Castle Alcolea 
Mirth and music cease their ringing ; 
Lords and ladies are departed. 
And the tapers are extinguished. 

Donna Clara and Almanzor 

Only they alone still linger ; 

On them shines a single taper. 

With its light well-nigh extinguished. 

On her chair the dame is seated. 
On her footstool he is doling; 
Till his head, with slumber weary, 
On the knees he loves reposes. 

Now she pours attar of roses 
Cautiously, from golden vial. 
On the brown locks of Alman:{or, 
And she hears him deeply sighing. 

And he dreams again he s standing 
In the minster at Cordova, 
Bending with his brown locks dropping. 
Gloomy voices murmuring o'er him. 

Heine's "Almanior " {Translated by C. G. Leland). 




DONNA CLARA AND ALMANZOR. 



CLAUDIUS 



237 



CLAVILENO 



further to secure the death of Hamlet, 
Claudius had a cup of poisoned wine pre- 
pared, which he intended to give Hamlet 
when he grew thirsty with playing. The 
queen, drinking of this cup, died of poison, 
and Hamlet, rushing on Claudius, stabbed 
him and cried aloud, " Here, thou incestu- 
ous, murderous Dane. . . . Follow my 
mother ! " — Shakespeare, Hamlet (1596). 

*«* In the History of Hamblet, Claudius 
is called " Fengon," a far better name for 
a Dane. 

Claudius, the instrument of Appius the 
decemvir for entrapping Virginia. He 
pretended that Virginia was his slave, 
who had been stolen from him and sold 
to Virgiaius. — J. S. Knowles, Virginius 
(1820). 

Claudius (Mathias), a German poet bom 
at Rheinfeld, and author of the famous 
song called Bheinweinlied (" Ehenish wine 
song "), sung at aU convivial feasts of the 
Grermans. 

^audius, though he sang of flagons, 
And huge tankards filled with Rhenish, 

From the fiery blood of dragons 
Never would his own replenish. 

Longfellow, DrinUng Song. 

Claus (Peter). [See under K.) 

Glaus (Santa), a familiar name for St. 
Nicholas, the patron saint of children. 
On Christmas Eve German children have 
presents stowed away in their socks and 
shoes while they are asleep, and the little 
credulous ones suppose that Santa Claus 
or Klaus placed them there. 

St. Nicholas is said to have supplied three 
destitute maidens with marriage portions by se- 
cretly leaving money with their widowed mother, 
and as his day occurs just before Christmas, he 
was selected for the gift-giver on Christmas 
Eve. — Yonge. 



" Claverhouse," or the Marquis of 
Argyll, a kinsman of Eavenswood, intro- 
duced by Sir "W. Scott in The Bride of 
Lammermoor (time, William III.). 

Claver'house (3 syl), John Graham of 
Claverhouse (Viscount Dundee), a relent- 
less Jacobite, so rapacious and profane, so 
violent in temper and obdurate of heart, 
that every Scotchman hates the name. 
He hunted the Covenanters with real vin- 
dictiveness, and is a by- word for barbarity 
and cruelty (1650-1689). 

Clavjjo (Don), a cavalier who "could 
touch the guitar to admiration, write 
poetry, dance divinely, and had a fine 
genius for making bird-cages." He mar- 
ried the Princess Antonomesia of Can- 
daya, and was metamorphosed by Malam- 
bru'no into a crocodile of some unknown 
metal. Don Quixote disenchanted him 
" by simply attempting the adventure." — 
Cervantes, Don Quixote, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615). 

Clavilen'o, the wooden horse on which 
Don Quixote got astride in order to disen- 
chant the Infanta Antonoma'sia, her hus- 
band, and the Countess Trifaldi (called the 
" Dolori'da Duena "). It was " the very 
horse on which Peter of Provence car- 
ried off the fair Magalone, and was con- 
structed by Merlin." This horse was 
called Clavileno or wooden Peg, because it 
was governed by a wooden pin in the 
forehead. — Cervantes, Don Qaixote, II. iii. 
4, 5 (1615). 

There is one peculiar advantage attending 
this horse ; he neither eats, drinks, sleeps, nor 
wants shoeing. . . . His name is not Per 
gasus, nor Bucephalus ; nor is it BriUadoro, the 
name of the steed of Orlando Furioso ; neither 
is it Bayarte, which belonged to Reynaldo de 
Montalbon ; nor Bootes, nor Peritoa, the horses 
of the sun ; but his name is Clavileno the 
Winged.— Chap. 4. 



CLAY 



238 



CLEISHBOTHAM 



Clay (Eobert), a young engineer who has 
traveled and worked at his profession in 
Europe and North and South America. 
For years he has believed that he loved 
Alice Langham, a New York giii to whose 
picture in a newspaper he had lost his 
heart. By chance he is given the charge 
of the engineering work connected with 
the Valencia Mining Company in Olancho, 
South America, of which mine Mr. Lang- 
ham is virtual owner. Clay goes down to 
Olancho with his mining assistants, and in 
time Mr. Langham, his son, and his two 
daughters join them. They are involved 
in a sudden revolution and see some sharp 
fighting. In the trying experiences 
through which they pass together Clay 
finds that Hope, the younger sister, is the 
realization of his ideals, not the eldei", 
who is an artificial woman of the world. — 
Eichard Harding Davis, Soldiers of For- 
tune (1897). 

Clay and Randolph. In his Thirty 
Years'' View, Thomas Hart Benton gives a 
graphic description of the famous duel 
between Henry Clay and John Randolph 
of Eoanoke (April 8, 1826). 

Claypole (Noah), alias " Morris Bolter," 
an ill-conditioned charity-boy, who takes 
down the shutters of Sowerberry's shop 
and receives broken meats from Charlotte 
(Sowerberry's servant), whom he after- 
wards marries.— C. Dickens, Oliver Twist 
(1837). 

Cleante (2 syl.), brother-in-law of Orgon, 
He is distinguished for his genuine piety, 
and is both high-minded and compassion- 
ate.— Moliere, La Tartuffe (1664). 

Cleante (2 syh), son of Har'pagon the 
miser, in love with Mariane (3 syl.). Har- 
pagon, though 60 years old, wished to 



marry the same young lady, but Cleante 
solved the difficulty thus: He dug up a 
casket of gold from the garden, hidden 
under a tree by the miser, and while Har- 
pagon was raving about the loss of his 
gold, Cleante told him he might take his 
choice between Mariane and the gold. 
The miser preferred the casket, which was 
restored to him, and Cleante married 
Mariane.— Moliere, DAvar (1667). 

Cleante (2 syl.), the lover of Angelique, 
daughter of Argan the malade imaginaire. 
As Argan had promised Angelique in 
marriage to Thomas Diafoirus, a young 
surgeon, Cleante carries on his love as a 
music-master, and though Argan is pres- 
ent, the lovers sing to each other their 
plans under the guise of an interlude 
called " Tircis and Philis." Ultimately, 
Argan assents to the marriage of his 
daughter with Cleante.— Moliere, Le Mal- 
ade Imaginaire (1673). 

Clean'the (2 syl), sister of Siphax of 
Paphos.— Beaumont and Fletcher, The 
Mad Lover (1617). 

Clean'thes (3 syl.), son of Leon'id^s and 
husband of Hippolita, noted for his filial 
piety. 

Clegg {Holdfast), a Puritan mill-wright. 
—Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, 
Charles II.). 

Cleish'botliam {Jededi'ah), school- 
master and parish clerk of Gandercleuch, 
who employed his assistant teacher to ar- 
range and edit the tales told by the land- 
lord of the Wallace Inn of the same 
parish. These tales the editor disposed in 
three series, called by the general title of 
The Tales of my Landlord (q.v.). (See in- 
troduction to The Black Dwarf.) Of course 



Clara, Jacques and Aristide 

^irim Marie, ArtUi " G<7?d<, Engra^,, 




*ACQUES having jmt discovered that he is a natural son, reproaches 
Clara, his mother, for having so long concealed the truth from him. 
Her old friend Aristide Frissard enters. 



Aristide. 
Jacques (angrily). , 




1' Scoundrel!" 

•■Sirt" 

Aristide. 

•'Oh, you do not frighten me. I repeat to you thai the man who insults 
a u'oman is a coward, but the man who insults bis mother is a scoundrel. 
Go, embrace your mother, wretched boy! 

Jacques {throzvivg himself at his mother's feet). \^.. 

"Ah, vou are right, I am a scoundrel! " 

Clara. 
"My poor child!" 
Jacques {offering his hand to Aristide, but addressing hi mother). 
"Forgive me, forgive me, J pray! " 

Clara. 
" Yes, I understand and I pardon you. " 

Jacques. 
"For a moment I was mad, I was so astonished atwhatlhad heard. Now, 
I am calm . let us never ipeak of the matter again. 

"Le Fits Naturel," by A. Dumas, fits. 






CLARA, JACQUES AND ARISTIDE. 



CLEISHBOTHAM 



239 



CLEON 



the real author is Sir Walter Scott (1771- 
1832). 

Mrs. Dorothea Cleishhotham, wife of the 
schoolmaster, a perfect Xantippe, and a 
" sworn sister of the Enmen'ides." 

Clelia or Cloelia, a Roman maiden, 
one of the hostages given to Por'sena. 
She made her escape from the Etruscan 
camp by swimming across the Tiber. Be- 
ing sent back by the Romans, Porsena not 
only set her at hberty for her gallant 
deed, but allowed her to take with her a 
part of the hostages. Mdlle. Scuderi has 
a novel on the subject, entitled Clelie, 
Histoire JRomaine. 

Our statues — not those that men desire — 
Sleek odalisques [Turkish slaves]. . . but 
The Carian Artemisia. . . [See Artemisia.] 
Clelia, Cornelia. . . and the Roman brows 
Of Agrippina. 

Tennyson, The Princess, ii. 

Cle'lia, a vain, frivolous female butter- 
fly, with a smattering of everything. In 
youth she was a coquette ; and when youth 
was passed, tried sundry means to earn 
a living, but without success. — Crabbe, 
Borough (1810). 

Clelie (2 syl.), the heroine of a novel 
so called by Mdlle. Scuderi. (See Clelia.) 

Clement, one of the attendants of Sir 
Reginald Front de Boeuf (a follower of 
Prince John). — Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, 
Richard I.). 

Clem'ent (Justice), a man quite able to 
discern between fun and crime. Although 
he had the weakness " of justices' justice." 
he had not the weakness of ignorant vul- 
garity. 

Knowell. They say he wiU. commit a man for 
taking the wall of his horse. 

Wellbred. Ay, or for wearing his cloak on 
one shoulder, or serving God. Anything, in- 



deed, i£ it comes in the way of his humor. — B. 
Jonson, Every Man in His Humor, iii. 2 (1598). 

Clementi'na (The Lady), an amiable, 
delicate, beautiful, accomplished, but un- 
fortunate woman, deeply in love with Sir 
Charles Grrandison. Sir Charles married 
Harriet Byron. — S. Richardson, The His- 
tory of Sir Charles Grandison (1753), 

Cle'ofas {Don), the hero of a novel by 
Lesage, entitled Le Diable Boiteux {The 
Devil on Two Sticks). A fiery young 
Spaniard, proud, high-spii*ited and re- 
vengeful; noted for gallantry but not 
without generous sentiment. Asmode'us 
(4 syl.) shows him what is going on in 
private families by unroofing the houses 
(1707). 

Cleom'brotus or Ambracio'ta of Am- 
brac'ia, (in Epirus). Having read Plato's 
book on the soul's immortahty and hap- 
piness in another life, he was so ravished 
with the description that he leaped into 
the sea that he might die and enjoy 
Plato's elysium. 

He who to enjoy 
Plato's elysium leaped into the sea, 
Cleombrotus. 

Milton, Paradise Lost, iii. 471, etc. (1665). 

Cleom'enes (4 syl.), the hero and title 
of a drama by Dryden (1692). 

As Dryden came out of the theatre a young 
fop of fashion said to him : " If I had been left 
alone with a young beauty, I would not have 
spent my time like your Spartan hero." " Per- 
haps not," said the poet, " but you are not my 
hero." — W. C. Russell, Representative Actors. 

Cleom'enes (4 syl). "TheVenusof Cleom- 
en^s "• is now called " The Venus de'Me- 
dici." 

Such a mere moist lump was once . . . the 
Venus of CleomenSs." — Ouida, AriadnS, i. 8. 

Cle'on, governor of Tarsus, burnt to 



CLEON 



240 



CLEREMONT 



death with, his wife Dionys'ia by the en- 
raged citizens, to revenge the supposed 
murder of Mari'na, daughter of Per'icles, 
Prince of Tyre. — Shakespeare, Pericles, 
Prince of Tyre (1608). 

Cle'on, the personification of Grlory. — 
Spenser, Faery Queen. 

Cleop'atra, Queen of Egypt, wife of 
Ptolemy Dionysius, her brother. She was 
driven from her throne, but re-established 
by Julius C^sar, B.C. 47. Antony, cap- 
tivated by her, repudiated his wife, Oc- 
tavia, to live with the fascinating Egyp- 
tian. After the loss of the battle of Ac- 
tium, Cleopatra killed herself by an asp. 

E. Jodelle wrote in French a tragedy 
called Cleopdtre Captive (1550) ; Jean 
Mairet one called Cleopdtre (1630) ; Isaac 
de Benserade (1670); J. F. Marmontel 
(1750), and Mde. de Girardin (1847) 
wrote tragedies in French on the same 
subject. S. Daniel (1600) wrote a 
tragedy in English called Cleopatra; 
Shakespeare one called Antony and Cleo- 
patra (1608) ; and Dryden one on the 
same subject, called All for Love or the 
World Well Lost (1682). 

*** Mrs. Oldfield (1683-1730) and Peg 
(Margaret) Woffington (1718--1760) were 
unrivalled in this character. 

Cleopatra and the Pearl. The tale is 
that Cleopatra made a sumptuous ban- 
quet, which excited the surprise of 
Antony; whereupon the queen took a 
pearl ear-drop, dissolved it in a strong acid 
and drank the liquor to the health of the 
triumvir, saying: "My draught to An- 
tony shall exceed in value the whole ban- 
quet." 

*#* When Queen Elizabeth visited the 
Exchange, Sir Thomas Gresham pledged 
her health in a cup of wine containing a 



precious stone crushed to atoms, and 
worth £15,000. 

Here £15,000 at one clap goes 
Instead of sugar ; GreshaA drinks the pearl 
Unto his queen and mistress. Pledge it ; love it ! 
— Th. Heywood, If You Know not Me, You Know 
Nobody. 

Cleopatra in Hades. Cleopatra, says 
Rabelais, is "a crier of onions" in the 
shades below. The Latin for a pearl and 
onion is unio, and the pun refers to Cleo- 
patra giving her pearl (or onion) to Antony 
in a draught of wine, or, as some say, 
drinking it herself in toasting her lover. — 
Rabelais, Pantagruel, ii. 30 (1553). 

Cleopat'ra, Queen of Syria, daughter of 
Ptolemy Philome'ter, King of Egypt. 
She first married Alexander Bala, the 
usurper (b.c. 149); next Deme'trius 
Mca'nor. Demetrius, being taken pris- 
oner by the Parthians, married Rodogune 
(3 syl.), daughter of Phraa'tes (3 syl.) the 
Parthian king, and Cleopatra married An- 
tiochus Sidetes, brother of Demetrius. 
She slew her son Seleucus (by Demetrius) 
for treason, and as this produced a revolt, 
abdicated in favor of her second son, An- 
ti'ochus VIII., who compelled her to drink 
poison which she had prepared for him- 
self. P. Corneille has made this the sub- 
ject of his tragedy caUed Bodogune (1646). 

*#* This is not the Cleopatra of Shake- 
speare's and Dryden's tragedies. 

Cleopatra. In his Graffiti d'ltalia, Will- 
iam Wetmore Story gives a passionate 
soliloquy of the Egyptian Queen, begin- 
ning : — 

" Here, Charmian, take my bracelets ; 
They bar with a purple stain 
My arms." 

(1868). 

Clere'mont (2 syl), a merry gentle- 
man, the friend of Dinant'. — Beaumont 



Claudio and Isabella 

Holman Hunt, Artist ly. H. Simmons, Engraver 

Isabella. 
"WHA T says my brother?" 

Claudio. 
"Death is a fearful thing. " 

Isabella. 
"And shamM life a hateful. ' ' 

Claudio. 
"Ay, but to die, and go we know not where ; 
To lie in cold obstruction and to rot ; 
This sensible warm motion to becomt 
A kneaded clod ; . . . 
The weariest and most loathed worldly life. 
That age, ache, penury, and imprisonment 
Can lay on nature, is a paradise 
To what we fear of death. ' ' 

Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure." 




CLAUDIO AND ISABELLA. 



CLEREMONT 



241 



CLIFFORD 



and Fletcher, The Little French Lawyer 
(1547). 

Cler'iinond, niece of the Green 
Knight, sister of Fer'ragus the giant, 
and bride of Valentine the brave. — Valen- 
tine and Orson. 

Clerks {St. Nicholas's), thieves, also 
called " St. Nicholas's Clergymen," in 
allusion to the tradition of " St. Nicholas 
and the thieves." Probably a play on the 
words Nich-olas and Old Nick may be de- 
signed. — See Shakespeare, 1 Henry IV. 
act ii. sc. 1 (1597). 

Cless'ammor, son of Thaddu and 
brother of Morna (Fingal's mother). He 
married Moina, daughter of Reutha'mir 
(the principal man of Balclutha, on the 
Clyde). It so happened that Moina was 
I beloved by a Briton named Reuda, who 
came with an army to carry her off. 
Reuda was slain by Clessammor; but 
Clessammor, being closely pressed by the 
Britons, fled, and never again saw his 
bride. In due time a son was born, called 
Carthon; but the mother died. While 
Carthon was stiU an infant, Fingal's 
father attacked Balclutha, and slew Reu- 
thama (Carthon's grandfather). While 
the boy grew to manhood, he determined 
on vengeance; accordingly he invaded 
Morven, the kingdom of Fingal, where 
Clessammor, not knowing who he was, 
engaged him in single combat, and slew 
him. When he discovered that it was his 
son, three days he mourned for him, and 
on the fourth he died. — Ossian, Carthon. 

Cleveland {Barbara Villiers, Duchess 
of), one of the mistresses of Charles II., 
introduced by Sir W. Scott in Peveril of 
the Peak. 

Cleve'land {Captain Clement), alias 



Vaughan [Vawn], "the pirate," son of 
Noma of the Fitful Head. He is in love 
with Minna Troil (daughter of Magnus 
Troil, the udaller of Zetland).— Sir W. 
Scott, The Pirate (time, WiUiam III). 

Clever, the man-servant of Hero Sut- 
ton, "the city maiden." When Hero as- 
sumed the guise of a quaker, Clever called 
himself Obadiah, and pretended to be a 
rigid quaker also. His constant exclama- 
tion was " Umph ! " — S. Knowles, Womam's 
Wit, etc. (1838). 

Clifford {Sir Thomas), betrothed to 
Julia (daughter of Master Walter "the 
hunchback "). He is wise, honest, truth- 
ful, and weU-favored, kind, valiant, and 
prudent. — S. Knowles, The Hunchback 
(1831). 

Clifford, {Mr.), the heir of Sir WiUiam 
Charlton in right of his mother, and in 
love with Lady Emily Gayville. The 
scrivener Alscrip had fraudulently got 
possession of the deeds of the Charlton 
estates, which he had given to his 
daughter called " the heiress," and which 
amounted to £2000 a year; but Rightly, 
the lawyer, discovered the fraud, and 
" the heiress " was compelled to relinquish 
this part of her fortune. Clifford then 
proposed to Lady Emily, and was ac- 
cepted. — General Burgoyne, The Heiress 
(1781). 

Clifford {Paul), a highwayman, re- 
formed by the power of love. — Lord Lyt- 
ton, Paul Clifford (1830). 

Clifford {Rosamond), usually called 
" The Fair Rosamond," the favorite mis- 
tress of Henry II. ; daughter of Walter 
Lord Clifford. She is introduced by Ten- 
nyson in his tragedy Becket. Miss Terry 
acted the part. Dryden says ; 



CLIFFOED 242 



CLODIO 



Jane CMord was her name, as books aver, 
"Fair Rosamond" was but her nom de guerre. 
Epilogue to Henry II. 

Clifford {Henry Lord), a general in the 
English army.— Sir W. Scott, Castle Dan- 
gerous (time, Henry I.). 

Clifton {Harry), lieutenant of H. M. 
ship Tiger. A daring, dashing, care-for- 
nobody young English sailor, delighting 
in adventure, and loving a good scrape. 
He and his companion Mat Mizen take 
the side of El Hyder, and help to re- 
establish the Chereddin, Prince of Delhi, 
■who had been dethroned by Hamlet Ab- 
dulerim. — Barrymore, El Hyder, Chief of 
the OhaM Mountains. 

Cliin of the Clough. (See Clym). 

Clink {Jem), the turnkey at Newgate. 
— Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, 
Charles II). 

Clinker {Humphry), a poor work-house 
lad, put out by the parish as apprentice to 
a blacksmith, and afterwards employed as 
an ostler's assistant and extra postilion. 
Being dismissed from the stables, he en- 
ters the service of Mr. Bramble, a fretful, 
grumpy, but kind-hearted and generous 
old gentleman, greatly troubled with gout. 
Here he falls in love with Winifred Jen- 
kins, Miss Tabitha Brambles's maid, and 
turns out to be a natural son of Mr. 
Bramble. — T. Smollett, The Eocpedition of 
Humphry Clinker (1771.) 

Clip'purse {Lawyer), the lawyer em- 
ployed by Sir Everard Waverley to make 
his will. — Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, 
George II.). 

Cliquot {Klee'ko), a nickname given by 
Punch to Frederick William IV. of Prussia, 



from his love of champagne of the " Cli- 
quot brand" (1795, 1840-1861). 

Clitandre, a wealthy bourgeois, in love 
with Henriette, "the thorough woman," 
by whom he is beloved with fervent affec- 
tion. Her elder sister, Armande (2 syl.), 
also loves him, but her love is of the pla- 
tonic hue, and Clitandre prefers in a wife 
the warmth of woman's love to the mar- 
ble of philosophic ideality. — Moli^re, Les 
Femmes Savantes (1672). 

Cloaci'na, the presiding personifica- 
tion of city sewers. (Latin, cloaca, "a 
sewer.") 

. . . Cloacina, goddess of the tide, 

Whose sable streams beneath the city gMe. 

Gay, Trivia, ii. (1712). 

Clod'dipole (3 syl), "the wisest lout 
of all the neighboring plain." Appointed 
to decide the contention between Cuddy 
and Lobbin Clout. 

From Cloddipole we learn to read the skies, 
To know when hail will fall, or winds arise ; 
He taught us erst the heifer's tail to view, 
When struck aloft that showers would straight 

ensue. 
He first that useful secret did explain, 
That pricking corns foretell the gathering rain ; 
When swallows fleet soar high and sport in air, 
He told us that the welkin would be clear. 

Gay, Pastoral, i. (1714). 

(Cloddipole is the " Palsemon " of Virgil's 
Eel. iii.). 

Clo'dio (Count), governor. A dishon- 
orable pursuer of Zeno'cia, the chaste 
troth-plight wife of Arnoldo. — Beaumont 
and Fletcher, The Custom of the Country 
(1647). 

Clodio, the younger son of Don Antonio, 
a coxcomb and braggart. Always boasting 
of his great acquaintances, his conquests, 
and his duels. His snuff-box he thinks 



CLODIO 



243 



CLOTEN 



more of tlian Ms lady-love, lie interlards 
his speech with French, and exclaims 
" Split me !" by way of oath. Clodio was 
to have married Angelina, but the lady 
preferred his elder brother, Carlos, a book- 
worm, and Clodio engaged himself to El- 
vira of Lisbon. — C. Cibber, Love Makes a 
Man (1694). 

Clo'e, in love with the shepherd, The- 
not, but Thenot rejects her suit out of 
admiration of the constancy of Clorinda 
for her dead lover. She is wanton, 
coarse, and immodest, the very reverse of 
Clorinda, who is a virtuous, chaste, and 
faithful shepherdess. (" Thenot," the final 
t is sounded.) — John Fletcher, The Faith- 
fid Shepherdess (1610). (See Chloe). 

Clo'ra, sister of Fabrit'io, the merry 
soldier, and the sprightly companion of 
Frances (sister to Frederick). — Beaumont 
and Fletcher, The Captain (1613). 

Clorida'no, a humble Moorish youth, 
who joined Medo'ro in seeking the body of 
King DardineUo to bury it. Medoro be- 
ing wounded, Cloridano rushed madly into 
the ranks of the enemy and was slain. — 
Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). 

Clorin'da, daughter of Sena'pus of 
Ethiopia (a Christian). Being born white, 
her mother changed her for a black child. 
The Eunuch Arse'tes (3 syl.) was entrust- 
ed with the infant Clorinda, and as he 
was going through a forest, saw a tiger, 
dropped the child, and sought safety in a 
tree. The tiger took the babe and suckled 
it, after which the eunuch carried the child 
to Egypt. In the siege of Jerusalem by 
the Crusaders, Clorinda was a leader of 
the Pagan forces. Tancred fell in love 
with her, but slew her unknowingly in a 
night attack. Before she expired she re- 



ceived Christian baptism at the hands of 
Tancred, who greatly mourned her death. 
— Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered, xii. (1675). 

(The story of Clorinda is borrowed from 
the Theag'anes and Charicle'a of Helio- 
dorus Bishop of Trikka), 

Clorinda, "the faithful shepherdess" 
called " The Virgin of the Grove," faithful 
to her buried love. From this beautiful 
character Milton has drawn his " lady " in 
Comus. Compare the words of the " First 
Brother " about chastity, in Milton's Comus, 
with these lines of Clorinda : 

Yet I have heard (my mother told it me), 
And now I do believe it, if I keep 
My virgin flower uncropt, pure, chaste, and fair, 
No goblin, wood-god, fairy, elf, or fiend, 
Satyr, or other power that haunts the groves 
Shall hurt my body, or by vain illusion 
Draw me to wander after idle fires, 
Or voices calling me in dead of night 
To make me follow and so tole me on 
Through mire and standing-pools, to find my 

ruin. 
, . . Sure there's a power 
In the great name of Virgin that binds fast 
All rude, uncivil bloods. . . . Then strong 

Chastity, 
Be thou my strongest guard. 
—J. Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess (1610). 

Clorls, the damsel beloved by Prince 
Prettyman. — Duke of Buckingham, The 
Eehearsal (1671). 

Clotaire (2 syl). The King of France 
exclaimed on his death-bed : " Oh, how 
great must be the King of Heaven, if He 
can kill so mighty a mo;iarch as I am !" — 
Gregory of Tours, iv. 21. 

Cloten or Cloton, King of Cornwall, 
one of the five kings of Britain after the 
extinction of the line of Brute (1 syl.). — 
Geoffrey, British History, ii. 17 (1142). 

Cloten, a vindictive lout, son of the 
second wife of Cymbeline by a former 



CLUMSEY 



245 



CNEUS 



•#* This character appears in Van- 
brugh's Relapse, of which comedy the Trip 
to Scarborough is an abridgment and adap- 
tation. 

Clu'ricaune (3 syl), an Irish elf of evil 
disposition, especially noted for his knowl- 
edge of hidden treasure. He generally 
assumes the appearance of a wrinkled old 
man. 

Clutterbuck {Captain), the hypotheti- 
cal editor of some of Sir Walter Scott's 
novels, as The Monastery and The For- 
tunes of Nigel. Captain Clutterbuek is a 
retired officer, who employs himself ia 
antiquarian researches and literary idle- 
ness. The Abbot is dedicated by the 
" author of Waverley " to Captain Clutter- 
buck," late of his majesty's infantry 

regiment. 

Clym of the Clough (" Clement of the 
Gliff"), a noted outlaw, associated with 
Adam Bell and William of Cloudesley, in 
Englewood Forest, near Carhsle. When 
William- was taken prisoner at Carhsle, 
and was about to be hanged, Adam and 
Clym shot the magistrates, and rescued 
their companion. The mayor with his 
posse went out against them, but they 
shot the mayor, as they had done the 
sheriff, and fought their way out of the 
town. They then hastened to London to 
beg pardon of the king, which was granted 
them at the queen's intercession. The 
king, wishing to see a specimen of their 
shooting, was so delighted at their skiU 
that he made WiUiam a "gentleman of 
fe," and the other two "yemen of his 
chambre." — Percy, Beliques (" Adam Bell," 
etc., I. ii. 1). 

Cly'tie, a water-nymph in love with 
Apollo. Meeting with no return, she was 
changed into a sunflower, or rather a 



tournesol, which still turns to the sun, 
following him through his daily course. 

The sunflower does n6t turn to the sun. 
On the same stem may be seen flowers in 
every direction, and not one of them 
shifts the direction in which it has first 
opened. T. Moore (1814) says : 

The sunflower turns on her god when he sets, 
The same look which she turned when he rose. 

This may do in poetry, but it is not 
correct. The sunflower is so called simply 
because the flower resembles a pictured 
sun. 

Lord Thurlow (1821) adopted Tom 
Moore's error, and enlarged it : 

Behold, my dear, this lofty flower, 
That now the golden sun receives ; 

No other deity has power, 

But only Phoebus, on her leaves ; 

As he in radiant glory burns, 

Prom east to west her visage turns. 

The Sunflower, 

Clytus, an old officer in the army of 
Philip of Macedon, and subsequently in 
that of Alexander. At a banquet, when 
both were heated with wine, Clytus said 
to Alexander, " Philip fought men, but 
Alexander women," and after some othef 
insults, Alexander in his rage stabbed the 
old soldier; but instantly repented and 
said: 

What has my vengeance done ? 
Who is it thou hast slain 1 Clytus ? What was he 
The faithfullest subject, worthiest counsellor, 
The bravest soldier. He who saved my life 
Fighting bare-headed at the river Grranic. 
For a rash word, spoke in the heat of wine, 
The poor, the honest Clytus thou hast slain, — 
Clytus, thy friend, thy guardian, thy preserver ! 
N. Lee, Alexander the Great, iv. 2 (1678). 

Cne'us, the Roman officer in command 
of the guard set to watch the tomb of 
Jesus, lest the disciples should steal the 
body, and then declare that it had risen 
from the dead. — Klopstock, The Messiah, 
xiii. (1771). 



CO AN 



246 



COCKLE 



Co'an {The), Hippocrates, tlie " Father 
of Medicine" (b.c. 460-357). 

. . . the great Coan, him whom Nature made 
To serve the costliest creature of her tribe [man]. 
Dant§, Purgatory, xxix. (1308). 

Co'anocot'zin (5 syl), King of the 
Az'tecas. Slain in battle by Madoc. — 
Southey, Madoc (1805). 

Co'atel, daughter of Acul'hua, a priest 
of the Az'tecas, and wife of Lincoya. 
Lincoya, being doomed for sacrifice, fled 
for refuge to Madoc, the Welsh Prince, 
who had recently landed on the North 
American coast, and was kindly treated 
by him. This gave Coatel a sympathetic 
interest in the White strangers, and she 
was not backward in showing it. Then, 
when young Hoel was kidnapped, and 
confined in a cavern to starve to death, 
Coatel visited him and took him food. 
Again, when Prince Madoc was entrapped, 
she contrived to release him, and assisted 
the prince to carry off young Hoel. After 
the defeat of the Az'tecas by the White 
strangers, the chief priest declared that 
some one had proved a traitor, and re- 
solved to discover who it was by handing 
round a cup, which he said would be 
harmless to the innocent, but death to the 
guilty. When it was handed to Coatel, 
she was so frightened that she dropped 
down dead. Her father stabbed himself, 
and " fell upon his child," and when Lin- 
coya heard thereof, he flung himself down 
from a steep precipice on to the rocks be- 
low.— Southey, Madoc (1805). 

Cobb (Ephraim), in Cromwell's troop. 
— Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time, Com- 
monwealth). 

Cobbler-Poet {The), Hans Sachs, of 
Nuremberg. (See Twelve Wise Mas- 
ters). 



Cobham {Eleanor), wife of Humphrey, 
duke of Grloucester, and aunt of King 
Henry VI., compelled to do penance bare- 
foot in a sheet in London, and after that 
to live in the Isle of Man in banishment, 
for "sorcery." In 2 Henry VI., Shakes- 
peare makes Queen Margaret "box her 
ears," but this could not be, as Eleanor 
was banished three years before Margaret 
came to England. 

Stand forth, dame Eleanor Cobham, Grloster's 

wife . . . 
You, madam . . . despoiled of your honor . . . 
Shall, after three days' open penance done, 
Live in your country, here in banishmont, 
With Sir John Stanley, in the Isle of Man. 
Shakespeare, 2 Henry VI. act ii. se. 3 (1591). 

Cock of Westminster {The). Castell, 
a shoemaker, was so called from his very 
early hours. He was one of the benefac- 
tors of Christ's Hospital (London). 

Cocker {Edward), published a useful 
treatise on arithmetic, in the reign of 
Charles II., which had a prodigious suc- 
cess, and has given rise to the proverb, 
"According to Cocker" (1632-1675). 

Cockle {Sir John), the miller of Mans- 
fleld, and keeper of Sherwood Forest. 
Hearing a gun flred one night, he went 
into the forest, expecting to find poachers, 
and seized the king (Henry VIII.), who 
had been hunting and had got separated 
from his courtiers. When the miller dis- 
covered that his captor was not a poacher, 
he offered him a night's lodging. Next 
day the courtiers were brought to Cockle's 
house by under-keepers, to be examined 
as poachers, and it was then discovered 
that the miller's guest was the king. The 
"merry monarch" knighted the miller, 
and settled on him 1000 marks a year. — 
R. Dodsley, The King and the Miller of 
Mansfield (1737). 



COCKNEY 



247 



COLE 



Cockney (Nicholas), a rich city grocer, 
brother of Barnacle. Priscilla Tomboy, 
of the West Indies, is placed under his 
charge for her education. 

Walter Cockney, son of the grocer, in 
the shop. A conceited young prig, not 
yet out of the quarrelsome age. He makes 
boy-love to Priscilla Tomboy and Miss La 
Blond ; but says he will " tell papa " if they 
cross him. 

Penelope Cockney, sister of Walter. — The 
Bomp (altered from BickerstaflPs Love in 
the City). 

Coelebs' Wife, a bachelor's ideal of a 
model wife. Coelebs is the hero of a novel, 
by Mrs. Hannah Moore, entitled Coelebs in 
Search of a Wife (1809). 

In short, she was a walking calculation, 

Miss Edgworth's novels stepping from their 
covers, 
Or Mrs. Trimmer's books on education. 

Or " Coelebs' wife " set out in quest of lovers. 
Byron, Bmt Juan, i. 16 (1819). 

Coeur de Liion, Surname of Richard of 
England (1157-1199.) Also conferred upon 
Louis Vin. of France. 

Coffin (Long Tom), the best sailor char- 
acter ever drawn. He is introduced in 
The Pilot, a novel by J. Fenimore Cooper. 
Cooper's novel has been dramatized by 
E. Fitzball, under the same name, and 
Long Tom Coffin preserves in the bur- 
letta his reckless daring, his unswerving 
fidelity, his simple-minded affection, and 
his love for the sea. 

Cogia Houssain, the captain of forty 
thieves, outwitted by Morgiana, the slave. 
When, in the guise of a merchant, he was 
entertained by Ali Baba, and refused to 
eat any salt, the suspicions of Morgiana 
was aroused, aud she soon detected him to 
be the captain of the forty thieves. After 



supper she amused her master and his 
guest with dancing; then playing with 
Cogia's dagger for a time, she plunged it 
suddenly into his heart and killed him. — 
Arabian Nights (" Ali Baba or the Forty 
Thieves"). 

Col'ax. Flattery personified in The 
Purple IsloMcl (1633), by Phineas Fletcher. 
Colax " all his words with sugar spices . . . 
lets his tongue to sin, and takes rent of 
shame. . . His art [was] to hide and not 
to heal a sore." FuUy described in canto 
viii. (Greek, kolax, " a fiatterer or 
fawner.") 

Colbrand or Colebrond (2 syl.), the 
Danish giant, slain in the presence of 
King Athelstan, by Sir G-uy of Warwick, 
just returned from a pilgrimage, still " in 
homely russet clad," and in his hand a 
hermit's staff." The combat is described 
at length by Drayton, in his Polyolbion^ 
xii. 

One could scarcely bear his axe . . . 

Whose squares were laid with plates, and riveted 
with steel, 

And armed down along with pikes, whose hard- 
ened points 

. . . had power to tear the joints 

Of cuirass or of maU. 

Drayton, Polyolbion, xii. (1613). 

Coldstream {Sir Charles), the chief 
character in Charles Mathew's play called 
Used wp. He is wholly ennuye, sees noth- 
ing to admire in anything ; but is a hving 
personification of mental inanity and 
physical imbeciUty. 

Cole {1 syl.), a legendary British king, 
described as "a merry old soul," fond of 
his pipe, fond of his glass, and fond of his 
"fiddlers three." There were two kings 
so called — Cole (or Coil I.) was the prede- 
cessor of Porrex ; but Coil II. was succeed- 
ed by Lucius, " the first British king who 



COLE 



248 



COLIN TAMPON 



embraced the Christian religion." WMch 
of these two mythical kings the song refers 
to is not evident. 

Cole (Mrs.). This character is designed 
for Mother Douglas, who kept a "gentle- 
men's magazine of frail beauties" in a 
superbly furnished house at the north-east 
corner of Covent G-arden. She died 1761. 
— S. Foote, The Minor (1760), 

Colein {3 syl.), the great dragon slain 
by Sir Bevis of Southampton. — Drayton, 
Polyolbion, ii. (1612). 

Colemi'ra (5 syl.), a poetical name for a 
cook. The word is compounded of coal 
and mire. 

" Could I," he cried " express how bright a grace 
Adorns thy morning hands and well-washed face, 
Thou wouldst, Colemira, grant what I implore, 
And yield me love, or wash thy face no more." 
Shenstone, Colemira (an eclogue). 

Cole'pepper {Captain) or Captain Pep- 
PEKCULL, the Alsatian bully. — Sir "W. Scott, 
Fortimes of Nigel (time, James I.). 

Colin, or in Scotch Cailen, Green Colin., 
the laird of Dunstaffnage, so called from 
the green colour which prevailed in his 
tartan. 

Colin and Eosalinde. In The Shep- 
hearde's Calendar (1579), by Edm. Spenser, 
Eosalinde is the maiden vainly beloved by 
Colin Clout, as her choice was already 
fixed on the shepherd Menalcas. Eosa- 
linde is an anagram of " Eose Danil," a lady 
beloved by Spenser {Colin Clout), but Eose 
Danil had already fixed her affections on 
John Florio the Eesolute, whom she sub- 
sequently married. 

And I to thee will be as kind 
As Colin was to Rosalinde, 
Of courtesie the flower. 

M. Drayton, Bowsabel (1593) 



Colin Clout, the pastoral name as- 
sumed by the poet Spenser, in The Shep- 
hearde^s Calendar, The Ruins of Time, 
Daphnaida, and in the pastoral poem called 
Colin ClouPs come home again (from his 
visit to Sir Walter Ealeigh). Eel. i. and 
xii. are soliloquies of Colin, being lamen- 
tations that Eosalinde will not return his 
love. Eel. vi. is a dialogue between Hob- 
binol and Colin, in which the former tries 
to comfort the disappointed lover. Eel. xi. 
is a dialogue between Thenot and Colin, 
Thenot begs Colin to sing some joyous lay ; 
but Cohn pleads grief for the death of the 
sheperdess Dido, and then sings a monody 
on the great sheperdess deceased. In eel, 
vi. we are told that Eosalinde has betroth- 
ed herself to the shepherd Menalcas (1579), 

In the last book of the Faery Queen, we 
have a reference to " Colin and his lassie," 
(Spenser and his wife) supposed to be 
Elizabeth, and elsewhere called "Mira- 
bella"(See Clout, etc.) 

Colin Clout and his lassie, referred to in 
the last book of the Faery Queen, are 
Spenser and his wife Elizabeth, elsewhere 
called "MirabeUa" (1596). 

Colin Clout's Come Home Again. 

" Colin Clout " is Spenser, who had been to 
London on a visit to "the Shepherd of the 
Ocean" (Sir Walter Ealeigh), in 1589 ; on 
his return to Kilcolman, in Ireland, he 
wrote this poem. " Hobbinol," his friend 
(Gabriel Harvey, L.L. D.), tells him how 
all the shepherds had missed him, and 
begs him to relate to him and them his 
adventures while abroad. The pastoral 
contains a eulogy of British contemporary 
poets, and of the court beauties of Queen 
Elizabeth (1591), (See Colyn,) 

Colin Tampon, the nickname of a 
Swiss, as John Bull means an English- 
man, etc. 



COLKITTO 



249 



COLOaNE 



Colkitto {Young), or "Vich Alister 
More," or " Alister M'Donnell," a Highland 
chief in the army of Montrose. — Sir W. 
Scott, Legend of Montrose (time, Charles 
L). 

CoUean {May), the heroine of a Scotch 
baUad, which relates how " fause Sir John " 
carried her to a rock for the purpose of 
throwing her down into the sea ; but May- 
outwitted him, and subjected him to the 
same fate he had designed for her. 

Colleen', i.e. " girl ;" Colleen bawn (" the 
blond girl ") ; CoUeen rhue (" the red- 
haired girl "), etc. 

*#* Dion Boucicault has a drama en- 
titled The Colleen Bawn, founded upon 
Grerald Griffin's novel The Collegians. 

Collier {Jem), a smuggler. — Sir W. 
Scott, Bedgauntlet (time, George III.) 

Collingrwood and the Acorns. Col- 
ling wood never saw a vacant place in his 
estate, but he took an acorn out of his 
pocket and popped it in. — Thackeray, 
Vanity Fair (1848). 

Colmal, daughter of Dunthalmo, Lord 
of Teutha {the Tweed). Her father, having 
murdered Eathmor in his halls, brought 
up the two young sons of the latter, Cal- 
thon and Colmar, in his own house; but 
when grown to manhood he thought he 
detected a suspicious look about them, and 
he shut them up in two separate caves on 
the banks of the Tweed, intending to kill 
them. Colmal, who was in love with Cal- 
, thon, set him free, and the two made good 
their escape to the court of Fingal. Fin- 
gal sent Ossian with 300 men to liberate 
Colmar; but when Dunthalmo heard 
thereof, he murdered the prisoner. Cal- 
thon, being taken captive, was bound to 



an oak, but was liberated by Ossian, and 
joined in marriage to Colmal, with whom 
he lived lovingly in the halls of Teutha. — 
Ossian, Calthon and Colmal. 

Colmar, brother of Calthon. When 
quite young their father was murdered by 
Dunthalmo, who came against him by 
night, and killed him in his banquet hall ; 
but moved by pity, he brought up the two 
boys in his own house. When grown to 
manhood, he thought he observed mischief 
in their looks, and therefore shut them up 
in two separate ceUs on the banks of the 
Tweed. Colmal the daughter of Dunthal- 
mo, who was in love with Calthon, liber- 
ated him from his bonds, and they fled to 
Fingal to crave aid on behalf of Colmar ; 
but before succor could arrive, Dun- 
thalmo had Colmar brought before him, 
" bound with a thousand thongs," and slew 
him with his spear. — Ossian, Calthon and 
Colmal. 

Colna-Dona (" love of heroes "), daugh- 
ter of King Car'ul. Fingal sent Ossian 
and Toscar to raise a memorial on the 
banks of the Crona, to perpetuate the 
memory of a victory he had obtained there. 
Carul invited the two young men to his 
haU, and Toscar feU in love with Colna- 
Dona. The passion being mutual, the 
father consented to their espousals. — 
Ossian, Colna-Dona. 

Cologne {The three kings of), the three 
Magi, called Gaspar, Melchior, and Bal- 
tha'zar. Gaspar means " the white one." 
Melchior, " king of light ;" Balthazar, "'lord 
of treasures." Klop-stock, in The Messiah, 
says there were six Magi, whom he calls 
Hadad, Sel'ima, Zimri, Mirja, Beled, and 
Sunith. 

*#* The " three " Magi are variously 
named ; thus one tradition gives them as 



COLOGNE 



250 



COMAL AND GALBINA 



Apellius, Amerus, and Damascus ; another 
calls them Magalath, Oalgalath, and Sar- 
asin ; a third says they were Ator, Sator, 
and Perat'oras. They are furthermore 
said to be descendants of Balaam the Mes- 
opotamian prophet. 

Colon, one of the rabble leaders in Hudi- 
bras, is meant for Noel Perryan or Ned 
Perry, an ostler. He was a rigid puritan 
"of low morals," and very fond of bear- 
baiting. 

Colonna (The Marquis of), a high- 
minded, incorruptible noble of Naples. 
He tells the young king bluntly that his 
oily courtiers are vipers who would suck 
his life's blood, and that Ludov'ico, his 
chief minister and favorite, is a traitor. 
Of course he is not believed, and Ludovico 
marks him out for vengeance. His 
scheme is to get Colonna, of his own free 
will, to murder his sister's lover and the 
king. With this view he artfully per- 
suades Vicentio, the lover, that Evadne 
(the sister of Colonna) is the king's wanton. 
Vicentio indignantly discards Evadne, is 
chaUanged to fight by Colonna, and is sup- 
posed to be killed. Colonna, to revenge 
his wrongs on the king, invites him to a 
banquet with intent to murder him, when 
the whole scheme of villainy is exposed : 
Ludovico is slain, and Vicentio marries 
Evadne. — Shiel, Evadne, or the Statue 
(1820). 

Colossos (Latin, colossus), a gigantic 
brazen statue 126 feet high, executed by 
Charles for the Rhodians. Blaise de Vig- 
nenere says it was a striding figure, but 
Comte de Caylus proves that it was not so, 
and did not even stand at the mouth of the 
Rhodian port. Philo tells us that it stood 
on a hloch of white marble, and Lucius Am- 
pellius asserts that it stood in a car. Tic- 



kell makes out the statue to be so enor- 
mous in size, that — 

While at one foot the thronging galleys ride, 

A whole hour's sail scarce reached the further 

side; 

Betwixt the brazen thighs in loose array, 

Ten thousand streamers on the biUows play, 

Tickell, On the Prospect of Peace. 

Colossus. Negro servant in G. W, 
Cable's " Posson Jone." He vainly tries to 
dissuade his master from drinking, and, 
in the end, restores to him the money lost 
during the drunken bout. 

" In thundering tones " the parson was confess- 
ing himself a "plum fool from whom the con- 
ceit had been jolted out, and who had been made 
to see that even his nigger had the longest 
head of the two." 

Col'thred (Benjamin) or " Little Benjie," 
a spy employed by Nixon (Edward Red- 
gauntlet's agent). — Sir.W, Scott, Bedgaunt- 
let (time, George III.) 

Columb (St.) or St. Columba, was of the 
family of the kings of Ulster ; and with 
twelve followers founded amongst the 
Picts and Scots 300 Christian establish- 
ments of presbyterian character ; that in 
lonawas founded 563. 

The Pictish men by St. Columb taught. 
Campbell, Rewllura. 

Columbus {Christopher), Genoese nav- 
igator who was fitted out by Ferdinand 
and Isabella for a voyage of discovery re- 
sulting in the sight of the New World 
(1492). His ships were the Santa Maria, 
the Pinta and the Nina, all small. — Wash- 
ington Irving, Life of Columbus. 

Colyn Clout {The Boke of), a rhyming 
six-syllable tirade against the clergy, by 
John Skelton, poet-laureate (1460-1529). 

Comal and Galbi'na. Comal was the 



Columbus and his Egg 



ILto Reiffensteifii Artist 




" jT^jT^ ^^^ Columbus took his^stand before the learned body, ht had appeared 
^ ^ the plain and simple \navigafor ; somewhat daunted perhaps by the 

greatness of his task. But he had a degree of religious feeling which 
gave him a confidence in the execution of -what he conceived his great errand, and be 

was of an ardent temperament that became heated in action by its own generous fires. 
Las Casas, and others of his contemporaries have spoken of his commanding person, 
his elevated demeanor, his air of authority. Us kindling eyes and the persuasive intona- 
tions of his voice. How must they have xiven majesty and force to his words, as cast- 
ing aside his maps and charts, and discarding for a rime his practical and sciaitific 
lore, his visionary spirit took fire at the doc I, mal obf&etions of his opponents, and he 
met thent upon f'leir own ground ! " 

IVashington Irving' s " Columbus." 

The old story of Columbus demonstrating to the council the possibility of making 
an egg' stand on end is illustrated in the accompanying engraving. The action was in 
reply to the contemptuous observation of a fellow-guest that, since it was well-hnown 
that the earth was round, no genius was required to circumnavigate it, or to conceive 
the idea that there must be continents upon the other side. Columbus made no verbal 
rejoinder, but presently bantered his companions to make an egg stand on end. Wheu 
the futile sport had been carried on for awhile, he broke the end of his egg and left it 
standing. 



COtUMBUS AND HIS EGQ. 




COLUMBUS AND HIS EGG. 



COMAL AND CALBINA 



251 



COMEDY OF ERRORS 



son of Albion, " chief of a hundred hills." 
He loved Q-albi'na (daughter of Conlech), 
"who was beloved by Grumal also. One 
day, tired out by the chase, Comal and 
Gralbina rested in the cave of Roman ; but 
ere long a deer appeared, and Comal went 
forth to shoot it. During his absence, 
Galbina dressed herself in armor " to try 
his love," and " strode from the cave." 
Comal thought it was Orumal, let fly an 
arrow, and she fell. The chief too late dis- 
covered his mistake, rushed to battle, and 
was slain. — Ossian, Fingal, ii. 

Com'ala, daughter of Sarno, king of 
Inistore {the Orkneys). She fell in love 
with Fingal at a feast to which Sarno had 
invited him after his return from Den- 
mark or Lochlin (Fingal, iii.). Disguised 
as a youth, Comala followed him, and 
begged to be employed in his wars ; but 
was detected by HidaUan, son of Lamor, 
whose love she had slighted. Fingal was 
about to marry her when he was called to 
oppose Caracul, who had invaded Cale- 
donia. Comala witnessed the battle from a 
hill, thought she saw Fingal slain, and 
though he returned victorious, the shock on 
her nerves was so great that she died. — 
Ossian, Comala. 

Coman'clies (3 syl), an Indian tribe 
of the Texas. (See Camanches.) 

Comb (BeynarcPs Wonderful), said to be 
made of Pan'thera's bone, the perfume of 
which was so fragrant that no one could 
resist following it ; and the wearer of the 
comb was always of a merry heart. This 
comb existed only in the brain of Master 
Fox. — Reynard the Fox, xii. (1498). 

Co'me {St?), (see Cosme,) a physician, 
and patron saint of medical practitioners. 

" By St. Come !" said the surgeon, " here's a 



pretty adventure." — Lesage, Oil Bias, vii. 1 
1735). 

Come and Take Them. The reply of 
Leon'idas, king of Sparta, to the messen- 
gers of Xerxes, when commanded by the 
invader to deliver up his arms. 

Com'edy {The Father of), Aristoph'- 
anes the Athenian (b.c. 444-380). 

Comedy {Prince of Ancient), Aristoph'- 
anes (b.c. 444-380). 

Comedy {Prince of New), Menander (b.o. 
342-291). 

Comedy of Errors, by Shakespeare 
(1593),^milia, wife of ^geon, had two sons 
at a birth, and named both of them Antipho- 
lus. When grown to manhood, each of these 
sons had a slave named Dromio, also twin- 
brothers. The brothers Antipholus had 
been shipwrecked in infancy, and being 
picked up by different vessels, were carried 
one to Syracuse and the other to Ephesus. 
The play supposes that Antipholus of 
Syracuse goes in search of his brother, 
and coming to Ephesus with his slave, 
Dromio, a series of mistakes arises from 
the extraordinary likeness of the two 
brothers and their two slaves. Adriana, 
the wife of the Ephesian, mistakes the 
Syracusan for her husband; but he be- 
haves so strangely that her jealousy is 
aroused, and when her true husband ar- 
rives he is arrested as a mad man. Soon 
after, the Syracusan brother being seen, 
the wife, supposing it to be her mad hus- 
band broken loose, sends to capture him ; 
but he flees into a convent. Adriana 
now lays her complaint before the duke, 
and the lady abbess comes into court. So 
both brothers face each other, the mis- 
takes are explained, and the abbess turns 
out to be Emilia, the mother of the twin- 



COMEDY OF ERROES 



252 



OOMUS 



brothers. Now, it so happened that ^geon, 
searching for his son, also came to Ephe- 
sus, and was condemned to pay a fine or 
suffer death, because he, a Syracusan, had 
set foot in Ephesus. The duke, however, 
hearing the story, pardoned him. Thus 
^geon found his wife in the abbess, the 
parents their twin sons, and each son his 
long-lost brother. 

*** The plot of this comedy is copied 
from the Mencechmi of Plautus. 

Comhal or Comtoal, son of Trathal, 
and father of Fingal. His queen was 
Morna, daughter of Thaddu. Comhal was 
slain in battle, fighting against the tribe of 
Morni, the very day that Fingal was born. 
— Ossian. 

Fingal said to Aldo, " I was born in the battle." 
Ossian, The Battle of Lora. 

Comines [Cum'.in\. Philip des Com- 
ines, the favorite minister of Charles, " the 
Bold," Duke of Burgundy, is introduced by 
Sir W. Scott, in Quentin Durward (time, 
Edward IV.). 

Commander of the Faithful {Emir al 
Mumenin), a title assumed by Omar I., and 
retained by his successors in the caliphate 
(581, 634-644). 

Comminges (2 syl.) {Count de), the hero 
of a novel so-caUed by Mde. de Tencin 
(1681-1749). 

Committee {The), a comedy by the 
Hon. Sir R. Howard. Mr. Day, a Crom- 
weUite, is the head of a Committee of 
Sequestration, and is a dishonest, canting 
rascal, under the thumb of his wife. He 
gets into his hands the deeds of two heir- 
esses, Anne and Arbella. The former he 
calls Ruth, and passes her off as his own 
daughter ; the latter he wants to marry to 
his booby son Able. Ruth falls in love 



with Colonel Careless, and Arbella with 
colonel Blunt. Ruth contrives to get into 
her hands the deeds, which she delivers 
over to the two colonels, and when Mr. 
Day arrives, quiets him by reminding him 
that she knows of certain deeds which 
would prove his ruin if divulged (1670). 

T. Knight reproduced this comedy as a 
farce under the title of The Honest Thieves. 

Common {Dol), an ally of Subtle the 
alchemist. — Ben Jonson, The Alchemist 
(1610). 

Commoner {The Great), Sir John Bar- 
nard, who in 1737 proposed to reduce the 
interest of the national debt from 4 per 
cent, to 3 per cent., any creditor being at 
liberty to receive his principal in full if he 
preferred it. WiUiam Pitt, the statesman, 
is so called also (1759-1806). 

Comne'nus {Alexius), empei-or of 
Greece, introduced by Sir. W. Scott in 
Count Mobert of Paris (time, Rufus). 

Anna Comne'na the historian, daughter 
of Alexius Comnenus, emperor of Grreece. 
— Same novel. 

Compeyson, a would-be gentleman and 
a forger. He duped Abel Magwitch and 
ruined him, keeping him completely under 
his influence. He also jilted Miss Havi- 
sham. — C. Dickens, Great Expectations 
(1860). 

Com'rade {2 syl.), the horse given by a 
fairy to Fortunio. 

He has many rare qualities . . . first lie eats 
but once in eight days; and then he knows 
what's past, present, and to come [and speaks 
with the voice of a man]. — Comtesse D'Aunoy, 
Fairy Tales (" Fortunio." 1682). 

Comus, the god of revelry. In Milton's 
"masque" so called, the "lady" is lady 



COMUS 



253 



CONNEL 



Alice Egerton, the younger brother is Mr. 
Thomas Egerton, and the elder brother is 
Lord Viscount Brackley (eldest son of 
John, earl of Bridgewater, president of 
Wales). The lady, weary with long walk- 
ing, is left in a wood by her two brothers, 
while they go to gather " cooling fruit " 
for her. She sings to let them know her 
whereabouts, and Comus, coming up, 
promises to conduct her to a cottage till 
her brothers could be found. The broth- 
ers, hearing a noise of revelry, become 
alarmed about their sister, when her guar- 
dian spirit informs them that she has 
fallen into the hands of Comus. They run 
to her rescue, and arrive just as the god is 
offering his captive a potion ; the brothers 
seize the cup and dash it on the ground, 
while the spirit invokes Sabri'na, who 
breaks the spell and releases the lady 
(1634). 

Conach'ar, the Highland apprentice of 
Simon Grlover, the old glover of Perth. 
Conachar is in love with his master's 
daughter, Catharine, called " the fair maid 
of Perth;" but Catharine loves and ulti- 
mately marries Henry Smith, the armorer. 
Conachar is at a later period Ian Eachin 
[Hector] M'lan, chief of the clan Quhele. — 
Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, 
Henry IV.). 

Conar, son of Trenmor, and first " king 
of Ireland." When the Fir-bolg (or belgae 
from Britain settled in the south of Ire- 
land) had reduced the Cael (or colony of 
Caledonians settled in the north of Ireland) 
to the last extremity by war, the Cael sent 
to Scotland for aid. Trathel (grandfather 
of Fingal) accordingly sent over Conar 
with an army to their aidj and Conar, 
having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, 
assumed the title of " king of Ireland." 
Conar was succeeded by his son Cormac 



I. ; Cormac I. by his son Cairbre ; Cairbre 
by his son Artho ; Artho by his son Cor- 
mac II. (a minor) ; and Cormac (after a 
slight interregnum) by Ferad- Artho (re- 
stored by Fingal). — Ossian. 

Concord Hymn, by Ealph Waldo 
Emerson, and beginning: 

" By the rude bridge that arched the flood, 
Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, 
Here once the embattled farmers stood 
And fired the shot heard round the world." 

was sung on the Anniversary of the Battle 
of Concord, April 19, 1836. 

Conkey Chickweed, the man who 

robbed himself of 327 guineas, in order to 
make his fortune by exciting the sympathy 
of his neighbors and others. The tale is 
told by detective Blathers. — 0. Dickens, 
Oliver Twist (1837). 

Con'lath, youngest son of Morni, and 
brother of the famous Graul {a man's name). 
Conlath was betrothed to Cutho'na, daugh- 
ter of Euma, but before the espousals 
Toscar came from Ireland to Mora, and 
was hospitably received by Morni. See- 
ing Cuthona out hunting, Toscar carried 
her off in his skiff by force, and being over- 
taken by Conlath they both fell in fight. 
Three days afterwards Cuthona died of 
grief. — Ossian, Conlath and Cuthona. 

Connal, son of Colgar, petty king of 
Togorma, and intimate friend of Cuthullin, 
general of the Irish tribes. He is a kind 
of Ulysses, who counsels and comforts 
Cuthullin in his distress, and is the very 
opposite of the rash, presumptuous, though 
generous Calmar. — Ossian, Fingal. 

Con'nel (Father), an aged Catholic priest 
full of gentle affectionate feelings. He is 
the patron of a poor vagrant boy called 
Neddy Fennel, whose adventures furnished 



CONNEL 254 



CONSTANCE 



the incidents of Banim's novel called Father 
Cmnell (1842). 

Father Connell is not imwortliy of association 
with the Protestant Vicar of Wakefield. — R. 
Chambers, English Literature, n. 612. 

Coningsby, a novel by B. Disraeli. The 
characters are meant for portraits ; thus : 
" Croker " represents Rigby ; " Menmouth," 
"Lord Hertford; " Eskdale," Lowther; 
"Ormsby," Irving; "Lucretia," Mde. 
Zichy; "Countess Colonna," Lady Stra- 
ehan ; " Sidonia," Baron A. de Rothschild ; 
"Henry Sidney," Lord John Manners; 
" Belvoir," Duke of Rutland, second son of 
Beaumanoir. The hero is of noble birth, he 
loves Edith Millbank, the daughter of 
a wealthy manufacturer, is returned for 
Parliament and marries Edith. 

Conqueror ( The). Alexander the Great, 
The Conqueror of the World (b.c. 356, 336- 
323). Alfonso of Portugal (1094, 1137- 
1185). Aurungzebe the Great, called 
Alemgir (1618, 1659-1707). James of 
Aragon (1206, 1213-1276). Othman or 
Osman I., founder of the Turkish Empire 
(1259, 1299-1326). Francisco ' Pizarro, 
called Conquistador, because he conquered 
Peru (1475-1541). William, duke of Nor- 
mandy, who obtained England by conquest 
(1027, 1066-1137). 

Con'rad {Lord), the corsair, afterwards 
called Lara. A proud, ascetic but success- 
ful pirate. Hearing that the Sultan, Seyd 
[Seed], was about to attack the pirates, he 
entered the palace in the disguise of a der- 
vise,but being found out was seized and im- 
prisoned. He was released by Gulnare (2 
syl.), the sultan's favorite concubine, and 
fled with her to the Pirates' Isle, but finding 
Medo'ra dead, he left the island with Gul- 
nare, returned to his native land, headed a 
rebeUion, and was shot. — Lord Byron, 
The Corsair, continued in Lara (1814). 



Conrad Dryfoos, the son of a rich man, 
the backer and virtual proprietor of Every 
Other Week, in W. D. Howells's novel, A 
Hazard of New Fortunes.''^ 

" He's got a good head and he wanted to study 
for the ministry when they were all living to- 
gether out on the farm. . . You know they used 
to think that any sort of stuff was good enough 
to make a preacher out of ; but they wanted the 
good timber for business, and so the old man 
wouldn't let him," 

Foiled in this purpose, Conrad becomes 
a reformer and receives a mortal wound 
in the attempt to protect an old Socialist 
against the police, who are trying to quell 
a mob of strikers (1890). 

Con'rade (2 syl), a follower of Don 
John (bastard brother of Don Pedro, Prince 
of Aragon). — Shakespeare, Much Ado 
About Nothing (1600). 

Conrade (2 syl). Marquis of Montserrat, 
who, with the grand-master of the Tem- 
plars, conspired against Richard Coeur de 
Lion. He was unhorsed in combat, and 
murdered in his tent by the Templar. — Sir 
W, Scott, OThe Talisman (time, Richard I.), 

Constance, mother of Prince Arthur, 
and widow of Geoffrey Plantagenet. — 
Shakespeare, King John (1598). 

Mrs. Bartley's " Lady Macbeth," '' Constance," 
and "Queen Katherine" [Henry VIII.], were 
powerful embodiments, and I question if they 
have ever since been so finely portrayed (1785- 
1850). — J. Adolphus, Recollections. 

Constance, daughter of Sir William 
Fondlove, and courted by Wildrake, a 
country squire, fond of field sports. 
"Her beauty rich, richer her grace, her 
mind yet richer stiU, though richest all." 
She was "the mould express of woman, 
stature, feature, body, limb ;" she danced 
weU, sang well, harped well. Wildrake 
was her childhood's playmate, and be- 



Abb^ Constantin 

Madeleine Lemaire, /trtist 



J ^OR more than thirty years AbM Constantin had been curt of the 
m 1 little village which slept within the valley and upon the banks of a 
slender stream of water called the Li:{otte. . . . 

He loved his little town, his little church, his little rectory. Here he 
was alone and undisturbed, doing everything himself, always on the road, 
whether in sunshine or in storm, in fair weather or in foul. His body had 
become inured to fatigue, but his, heart always remained tender and hind. 

The eurt lived in the little rectory, which was only separated from the 
church by the cemetery. Whenever he climbed the ladder to nail up his 
fruit-trees against the wall, he could look down upon the graves of those 
over whom he had uttered a final prayer, and Sprinkled the first handful 
of earth; and, while performing the task of gardener, he would breathe a 
petition for the welfare of those souls whose future caused him anxiety, and 
who might still be in purgatory. His was a simple faith. 

Ludovic Halevy's "AbhS Constantin " (translated by E. H. Ha^an). 



VI 




VI 



CONSTANCE 



255 



C0N8TANTIA 



came her husband. — S. Knowles, The 
Love Chase (1837). 

Constance, daughter of Bertulphe, pro- 
vost of Bruges, and bride of Bouchard, a 
knight of Flanders. She had " beauty to 
shame young love's most fervent dream, 
virtue to form a saint, with just enough 
of earth to keep her woman." By an 
absurd law of Charles "the Good," earl 
of Flanders, made in 1127, this young 
lady, brought up in the lap of luxury, 
was reduced to serfdom, because her 
grandfather was a serf; her aristocratic 
husband was also a serf because he 
married her (a serf). She went mad at 
the reverse of fortune, and died. — S. 
Knowles, The Provost of Bruges (1836). 

Constance Varley. American girl travel- 
ing in the East with friends, and bearing 
with her everywhere the memory of a 
man she has loved for years in secret. 
She meets him at Damascus and after some 
days of pleasant companionship, he re- 
solves to offer his hand to her. The words 
are upon his tongue, when an unfortunate 
misunderstanding divides them forever. 
A year later she marries another man 
who loves her sincerely without apprecia- 
ting the finest part of her nature. 

A woman quotes at sight of Constance's 
portrait : 

" I discern 
Infinite passion and the pain 
Of finite hearts that yearn." 

"There was a singular suggestion of sadness 
about the grave sweet eyes, and on the small 
close mouth." — Julia C. Fletcher, Mirage 
(1882). 

Constant, a mythical king of Britain. 
He was the eldest of the three sons of 
Constantine, his two brothers being 
Aurelius Ambrosius and Uther Pen- 
dragon. Constans was a monk, but at 



the death of his father he laid aside the 
cowl for the crown. Vortigern caused 
him to be assassinated, and usurped the 
crown. Aurelius Ambrosius succeeded 
Vortigern, and was himself succeeded by 
his younger brother, Uther Pendragon, 
father of King Arthur. Hence it will 
appear that Constans was Arthur's uncle. 

Constant (^Ned), the former lover of 
Lady Brute, with whom she intrigued after 
her marriage with the surly knight. — 
Vanbrugh, The Provoked Wife (1697). 

Constant {Sir Bashful), a younger 
brother of middle life, who tumbles into 
an estate and title by the death of his 
elder brother. He marries a woman of 
quality, but finding it comme il faut not 
to let his love be known, treats her with 
indifference and politeness, and though he 
dotes on her, tries to make her believe he 
loves her not. He is very soft, carried 
away by the opinions of others, and is 
an example of the truth of what Dr. 
Young has said, "What is mere good 
nature but a fool ? " 

Lady Constant, wife of Sir Bashful, a 
woman of spirit, taste, sense, wit, and 
beauty. She loves her husband, and 
repels with scorn an attempt to shake 
her fidelity because he treats her with cold 
indifference. — A. Murphy, The Way to 
Keep Him (1760). 

Constan'tia, sister of Petruccio, gov- 
ernor of Bologna, and mistress of the 
duke of Ferrara. — Beaumont and Fletcher, 
The Chances (1620). 

Constantia, a protegee of Lady McSy- 
cophant. An amiable girl, in love with 
Egerton McSycophant, by whom her 
love is amply returned. — C. Macklin, The 
Man of the World (1764). 



CONSTANTINE 



256 



CONTINENCE 



Con'stantine (3 syl), a king of 
Scotland, who (in 937) joined Anlaf (a 
Danish king) against Athelstan. The 
allied kings were defeated at Brunan- 
burh, in. Northumberland, and Constan- 
tine was made prisoner.. 

Our English Athelstan . . . 
Made all the Isle his own . . . 
And Constantine, the king a prisoner hither 
brought. 

Drayton, Polyolhion, xii. 3 (1613). 

Constantinople {Little). Kertch was 
so called by the Genoese from its extent 
and its prosperity. Demosthenes calls 
it " the granary of Athens." 

Consuelo (4 syl.), the impersonation 
of moral purity in the midst of temp- 
tations. Consuelo is the heroine of a 
novel so called by George Sand (i. e. Mde. 
Dudevant). 

Contemporaneous Discoveries. Goe- 
the and Vicq dAzyrs discovered at the 
same time the intermaxillary bone. Goethe 
and Von Baer discovered at the same time 
Morphology. Goethe and Oken discovered 
at the same time the vertebral system. 
The Penny Cyclopcedia and Chambers's Jour- 
nal were started nearly at the same time. 
The invention of printing is claimed by 
several contemporaries. The processes 
called Talbotype and Daguerreotype were 
nearly simultaneous discoveries. Lever- 
rier and Adams discovered at the same 
time the planet Neptune. 

*#* This hst may be extended to a very 
great length, i 

Contented Man (The). Subject of a 
poem by Rev. John Adams in 1745. 
No want contracts the largeness of his thoughts, 
And nothing grieves him but his conscious 

faults. 
He makes his God his everlasting tower 
And in His firm munition stands secure. 



Contest {Sir Adam). Having lost his 
first wife by shipwreck, he married again 
after the lapse of some twelve or fourteen 
years. His second wife was a girl of 18, 
to whom, he held up his first wife as a 
pattern and the very paragon of women. 
On the wedding day this first wife made 
her appearance. She had been saved from 
the wreck ; but Sir Adam wished her in 
heaven most sincerely. 

Lady Contest, the bride of Sir Adam, 
"young, extremely lively, and prodigi- 
ously beautiful." She had been brought 
up in the country, and treated as a child, so 
her naivete was quite captivating. When 
she quitted the bride-groom's house, she 
said, " Good-by, Sir Adam, good-by. I 
did love you a little, upon my word, and 
should be really unhappy if I did not 
know that your happiness will be infin- 
itely greater with your first wife." 

Mr. Contest, the grown-up son of Sir 
Adam, by his first wife. — Mrs. Inchbald, 
The Wedding Day (1790). 

Continence. 

AxEXANDEE THE Gkeat having gained 
the battle of Issus (b.c. 333), the family of 
King Darius fell into his hands ; but he 
treated the ladies as queens, and observed 
the greatest decorum towards them. A 
eunuch, having escaped, told Darius that 
his wife remained unspotted, for Alexan- 
der had shown himself the most continent 
and generous of men. — Arrian, Anabasis 
of Alexander, iv. 20. 

Scipio Afeioanus, after the conquest 
of Spain, refused to touch a beautiful 
princess who had fallen into his hands, 
" lest he should be tempted to forget his 
principles." It is, moreover, said that he 
sent her back to her parents with presents, 
that she might marry the man to whom 




CONSUELO. 



CONTINENCE 



257 



COPPERFIELD 



she was betrothed. A silver shield, on 
■which this incident was depicted, was 
found in the river Rhone by some fisher- 
men in the seventeenth century. 

E'en Seipio, or a victor yet more cold, 
Might have forgot his virtue at her sight. 
N. Rowe, Tamerlane, iii. 3 (1702.) 

Anson, when he took the Senhora 
Theresa de Jesus, refused even to see the 
three Spanish ladies who formed part of 
the prize, because he was resolved to pre- 
vent private scandal. The three ladies 
consisted of a mother and her two daugh- 
ters, the younger of whom was " of sur- 
passing beauty." 

Conven'tual Friars are those who live 
in convents, contrary to the rule of St. 
Francis, who enjoined absolute poverty, 
without land, books, chapel, or house. 
Those who conform to the rule of the 
founder are called " Observant Friars." 

Conversation Sharp, Richard Sharp, 
the critic (1759-1835.) 

Cook who Killed Himself (The). 
Vatel killed himself in 1671, because the 
lobster for his turbot sauce did not arrive 
in time to be served up at the banquet at 
Chantilly, given by the Prince de Conde 
to the king. 

Cooks of Modem Times. Careme, 
called "The Regenerator of Cookery" 
(1784-1833). Charles Elme Francatelli, 
cook at Croekford's, then in the Royal 
Household, and lastly at the Reform Club 
(1805-1876). Ude, Gouffe, and Alexis 
Soyer, the last of whom died in 1858. 

Cookery {Regenerator of), Careme (1784- 
1833.) 

(Ude, Gouffe, and Soyer were also re- 
generators of this art). 



Cooper {Anthony Ashly,) earl of Shaftes- 
bury, introduced by Sir "W. Scott in Pewril 
of the Peak (time, Charles II.) 

Cophet'ua or Copet'hua, a mythical 
king of Africa, of great wealth, who feU 
in love with a beggar-girl, and married 
her. Her name was Penel'ophon, but 
Shakespeare writes it Zenel'ophon in 
Lovers Labour^s Lost, act iv. sc. 1. Tenny- 
son has versified the tale in The Beggar- 
Maid. — Percy, Beliques, I. n. 6, 

Cop'ley {Sir Thomas), in attendance on 
the earl of Leicester at "Woodstock. — Sir 
W. Scott, Kenilworth (time, Elizabeth). 

Copper Captain {A), Michael Perez, a 
captain without money, but with a plenti- 
ful stock of pretence, who seeks to make 
a market of his person and commission 
by marrying an heiress. He is caught in 
his own trap, for he marries Estifania, a 
woman of intrigue, fancying her to be the 
heiress Margaritta. The captain gives the 
lady " pearls," but they are only whitings' 
eyes. His wife says to him : 

Here's a goodly jewel . . 
Did you not win this at Goletta, captain ? . . 
See how it sparkles, like an old lady's eyes . . . 
And here's a chain of whitings' eyes for peark . . 
Your clothes are parallels to these, all counter- 
feits. 
Put these and them on, you're a man of copper, 
A copper, . . . copper captain. 

Beaumont and Fletcher, Rule a Wife and 
Have a Wife (1640). 

Copperfleld {David), the hero of a 
novel by Charles Dickens. David is 
Dickens himself, and Micawber is Dickens's 
father. According to the tale, David's 
mother was nursery governess in a family 
where Mr. Copperfield visited. At the 
death of Mr. Copperfield, the widow mar- 
ried Edward Murdstone, a hard, tyrannical 
man, who made the home of David a dread 



COPPEEFIELD 



258 



COEBACCIO 



and terror to the boy. When his mother 
died, Mnrdstone sent David to lodge with 
the Mieawbers, and bound him apprentice 
to Messrs. Murdstone and Grrinby, by 
"whom he was put into the warehouse, and 
set to paste labels upon wine and spirit 
bottles. David soon became tired of this 
dreary work, and ran away to Dover, 
where he was kindly received by his 
[great]-aunt Betsey Trotwood, who clothed 
him, and sent him as day-boy to Dr. Strong, 
but placed him to board with Mr. Wick- 
field, a lawyer, father of Agnes, between 
whom and David a mutual attachment 
sprang up. David's first wife was Dora 
Spenlow, but at the death of this pretty 
little " child- wife," he married Agnes Wick- 
field. — C. Dickens, David Copperfield 
(1849). 

Copperheads, members of a faction in 
the North, during the civil war in the 
United States. The copperhead is a 
poisonous serpent, that gives no warning 
of its approach, and hence is a type of a 
concealed or secret foe. {The Trigonecep- 
halus contortrix.) 

Coppemose (5 s«//.). Henry VIII. was 
so called, because he mixed so much cop- 
per with the silver coin that it showed 
after a httle wear in the parts most pro- 
nounced, as the nose. Hence the sobri- 
quets " Coppernosed Harry," "Old Copper- 
nose," etc. 

Copple, the hen killed by Eeynard, in 
the beast-epic called Beynard the Fox 
(1498). 

Cora, the gentle, loving wife of Alonzo, 
and the kind friend of EoUa, general of the 
Peruvian army. — Sheridan, Pizarro (al- 
tered from Kotzebue, 1799). 



Cora Munro, the daughter of an En- 
ghsh officer and the elder of the sisters 
whose adventures fill Cooper's Last of the 
Mohicans. Cora loves Heyward the as yet 
undeclared lover of Alice, and has, herself, 
attracted the covetous eye of Magna, an 
Indian warrior. He contrives to gain pos- 
session of her, and drawing his knife, 
gives her the choice between death and 
his wigwam. 

Cora neither heard nor heeded Ms demand . . . 
Once more he struggled with himself and lifted 
the keen weapon again — but just then a pierc- 
ing cry was heard above them, and Uncas 
appeared, leaping frantically from a fearful 
height upon the ledge. Magna recoiled a step, 
and one of his assistants, profiting by the chance, 
sheathed his own knife in the bosom of Cora." 
(1826). 

Co'rah, in Dryden's satire of Alsalom 
and Achitophel, is meant for Dr. Titus Gates. 
As Corah was the political calumniator of 
Moses and Aaron, so Titus Gates was the 
political calumniator of the pope and En- 
ghsh papists. As Corah was punished by 
" going down alive into the pit," so Gates 
was "condemned to imprisonment for 
life," after being publicly whipped and 
exposed in the pillory. North describes 
Titus Gates as a very short man, and says, 
if his mouth were taken for the centre of 
a circle, his chin, forehead, and cheekbones 
would fall in the circumference. 

Sunk were his eyes, his voice was harsh and loud, 
Sure signs he neither choleric was, nor proud ; 
His long chin proved his wit; his saint-like 

grace, 
AChurch vermilion, and a Moses' face; 
His memory miraculously gi-eat 
Could plots, exceeding man's belief, repeat. 

Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel, i. (1631). 

Corbac'cio (Signior), the dupe of Mosea 
the knavish confederate of Yol'pone (2 
syl.). He is an old man, with seeing and 
hearing faint, and understanding dulled 



CORBACCIO 



259 



COREY 



to childisliness, yet he wishes to live on, 
and 

Feels not his gout nor palsy ; feigns himself 
Younger by scores of years ; flatters his age 
With confident belying it ; hopes he may 
With charms, like ^son, have his youth restored. 
Ben Jonson, Volpone or the Fox (1605). 

Benjamin Johnson [1665-1742] . seemed 
to be proud to wear the poet's double name, and 
was particularly great in all that author's plays 
that were usually performed, viz. " Wasp," in 
Bartholomew Fair; " Corbaccio ;" " Morose," ia 
The Silent Woman ; and " Ananias," ia The Al- 
chem ist. — Chetwood. 

C. Dibdin says none who ever saw W. 
Parsons (1736-1795) in " Corbaccio " could 
forget his effective mode af exclaiming 
" Has he made his will ? What has he 
given me?" but Parsons himself says: 
" Ah ! to see ' Corbaccio ' acted to perfec- 
tion, you should have seen Shuter. The 
public are pleased to think that I act that 
part well, but his acting was as far supe- 
rior to mine as Mount Vesuvius is to a rush- 
light." 

Cor'bant, the rook, in the beast-epic of 
Reynard the Fox (1498). (French, corbeau, 
" a rook.") 

Corce'ca (5 syl.), mother of Abessa. 
The word means " blindness of heart," or 
Romanism. Una sought shelter under her 
hut, but Corceca shut the door against 
her; whereupon the lion which accom- 
panied Una broke down the door. The 
" lion " means England, " Corceca " popery, 
" Una " protestantism, and " breaking down 
the door" the Reformation. — Spenser, Faer^/ 
Queen, i. 3 (1590). 

Corday {Marie Anne Charlotte), descend- 
ant of the poet Corneille. Born in Nor- 
mandy 1768. She killed the bloody Marat 
in the bath and was guillotined for the 
deed, July, 1793. 



Corde'lia, youngest daughter of King 
Lear. She was disinherited by her royal 
father, because her protestations of love 
were less violent than those of her sisters. 
Cordelia married the king of France, and 
when her two elder sisters refused to 
entertain the old king with his suite, she 
brought an army over to dethrone them. 
She was, however, taken captive, thrown 
into prison, and died there. 

Her voice was ever soft, 
Gentle, and low ; an excellent thing in woman. 
Shakespeare, Kiiig Lear, act v. sc. 3 (1605). 

Corflamnbo, the personification of sen- 
suality, a giant killed by Arthur. Cor- 
flambo had a daughter named Psea'na, 
who married Placidas, and proved a good 
wife to him. — Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. 8 
(1596). 

Coriat {Thomas), died 1617, author of a 
book called Crudities. 

Besides, 'tis known he could speak Greek, 
As naturally as pigs do squeak. 
Lionel Cranfleld, Panegyric Verses on T. Coriat. 

But if the meaning was as far to seek 
As Coriat's horse was of his master's Greek, 
When in that tongtie he made a speech at length. 
To show the beast the greatness of his strength. 
G. Wither, Abuses Stript and Whipt (1613). 

Corey {Bromfield). An amiable Boston 
aristocrat in W. D. Howells's story, The 
Rise of Silas Lapham. His father com- 
plains of his want of energy and artistic 
tastes, but allows him " to travel indefin- 
itely." He remains abroad ten years study- 
ing art, comes home and paints an ama- 
teurish portrait of his father, marries and 
has a family, but continues a dilettante, 
never quite abandoning his art, but work- 
ing at it fitfully. He does nothing espe- 
cially clever, but never says anything that 
is not clever, and is as much admired as 
he is beloved. At heart he is true, how- 
ever cynical may be his words, and 



COREY 



260 



CORINTHIAN TOM 



throughout he is the gentleman in grain, 
and incorruptible (1885). 

Corin, " the faithful shepherdess," who, 
having lost her true love by death, retired 
from the busy world, remained a virgin 
for the rest of her life, and was called " The 
Virgin of the Grove," The shepherd 
Thenot (final t pronounced) fell in love 
with her for her " fidelity," and to cure 
him of his attachment she pretended to 
love him in return. This broke the charm, 
and Thenot no longer felt that reverence 
of love he before entertained. Corin was 
skilled " in the dark, hidden virtuous use 
of herbs," and says : 

Of all green wounds I know tlie remedies 

In men and cattle, be they stung by snakes, 

Or charmed with powerful words of wicked art, 

Or be they love-sick. 

— John Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1, 

(1610). 

Cor'in, Corin'eus (3 syl.), or Corine'us 
(4 syl.), "strongest of mortal men," and 
one of the suite of Brute (the first mythi- 
cal king of Britain.) (See Coeineus.) 

From Corin came it first? [i.e., the Cornish, 
hug in wrestling]. 

M. Drayton, PolyolUon, i. (1612). 

Corineus (3 syl.). Southey throws the ac- 
cent on the, first syllable, and Spenser on the 
second. One of the suite of Brute. He 
overthrew the giant Goem'agot, for which 
achievement he was rewarded with the 
whole western horn of England, hence 
called Corin'ea, and the inhabitants Cor- 
in' cans. (See Coein). 

Corineus challenged the giant to wrestle with 
him. At the beginning of the encounter, Cor- 
ineus and the giant standing front to front held 
each other strongly in their arms, and panted 
aloud for breath; but Goemagot presently 
grasped Corineus with aU his might, broke three 
of his ribs, two on his right side and one on his 
left. At which Corineus, highly enraged, roused 
up his whole strength, and snatching up the 



giant, ran with him on his shoulders to the 
neighboring 'shore, and getting on to the top of 
a high rock, hurled the monster into the sea. . . 
The place where he fell is called Lam Goemagot 
or Goemagot's Leap, to this day. — Geoffrey, Brit- 
ish mstonj, i. 16 (1142). 

When father Brute and Cor'ineus set foot 
On the white island first. ■ 

Southey, Madoe, vi. (1805). 

Cori'neus had that province utmost west, 
To him assigned. 

Spenser, Faery Queen, ii. 10 (1500). 

Drayton makes the name a word of four 

syllables, and throws the accent on the last 

but one. 

"Which to their general then great Corine'us had. 
Drayton, FolyolUon, i. (1612). 

Corinna, a Greek poetess of Boeotia, 
who gained a victory over Pindar at the 
public games (fl. B.C. 490). 

. . . they raised 
A tent of satin, elaborately wrought 
With fair Corinna's triumph. 

Tennyson, The Princess, ui. 

Corinna, daughter of G-ripe, the scri- 
vener. She marries Dick Amlet. Sir 
John Vanbrugh, The Confederacy (1695). 

See lively Pope advance in jig and trip 

" Corinna," " Cherrj'," " Honeycomb," and 

" Snip ; " 
Not without art, but yet to nature true, 
She charms the town with humor just yet new. 
Churchill, Bosciad (1761). 

Corinne' (2 syl), the heroine and title 
of a novel by Mde. de Stael. Her lover 
proved false, and the maiden gradually 
pined away. 

A Corinthian, a rake, a "fast man." 
Prince Henry says (1 Henry IV. act ii. sc. 
4.) "[They] tell me I am no proud Jack, 
like^ Falstaff, but a Corinthian, a lad of 

mettle." 

Corinthian Tom, "a fast man," the 
sporting rake in Pierce Egan's Life in Lon- 
don. 



CORIOLANUS 



261 



COEMALO 



Coriola'nus {Caius Mar cms), called 
Coriolaniis from his victory at Cori'oli. 
His mother was Vetu'ria {not Volumnia), 
and Ms wife Volumnia (not Virgilia). 
Shakespeare has a drama so called. La 
Harpe has also a drama entitled Coriolan, 
produced in 1781. — Livy, Annals, ii. 40. 

I remember her [Mrs. Siddons] coming down 
the stage in the triumphal entry of her son Cor- 
iolanus, when her dumb-show drew plaudits 
that shook the house. She came alone, march- 
ing and beating time to the music, rolling . . . 
from side to side, swelling with the triumph of 
her son. Such was the intoxication of joy which 
flashed from her eye and lit up her whole face, 
that the effect was irresistible. — C. M. Young. 

Corita'ni, the people of Lincolnshire, 
Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicester- 
shire, Rutlandshire, and Northampton- 
shire. Drayton refers to them in his Poly- 
olbion, xvi. (1613). 

Cormac I., son of Conar, a Gael, who 
succeeded his father as " king of Ireland," 
and ^reigned many years. In the latter 
part of his reign the Fir-bolg (or Belgse 
settled in the south of Ireland), who had 
been subjugated by Conar, rebelled, and 
Cormac was reduced to such extremities 
that he sent to Fingal for aid. Fingal 
went with a large army, utterly defeated 
ColcuHa " lord of Atha," and re-established 
Cormac in the sole possession of Ireland. 
For this service Cormac gave Fingal his 
daughter Jloscra'na for wife, and Ossian 
was their first son. Cormac I. was suc- 
ceeded by his son Cairbre ; Cairbre by his 
son Artho ; Artho by his son Cormac II, 
(a minor) ; and Cormac IL, (after a short 
interregnum) by Ferad- Artho. — Ossian. 

Cormac II. (a minor), king of Ireland. 
On his succeeding his father Artho on the 
throne, Swaran, king of Lochlin [Scandi- 
navia] invaded Ireland, and defeated the 



army under the command of CuthuUin. 
Fingal's arrival turned the tide of events, 
for the next day Swaran was routed and 
returned to Lochlin.- In the third year of 
his reign Torlath rebelled, but was utterly 
discomfited at lake Lago by CuthuUin, 
who, however, was himself mortally 
wounded by a random arrow during the 
persuit. Not long after this Cairbre rose 
in insurrection, murdered the young king, 
and usurped the government. His suc- 
cess, however, was only of short duration, 
for having invited Oscar to a feast, he 
treacherously slew him, and was himself 
slain at the same time. His brother Cath- 
mor succeeded for a few days, when he 
also was slain in battle by Fingal, and the 
Conar dynasty restored. Conar (first king 
of Ireland, a Caledonian) was succeeded 
by his son Cormac I. ; Cormac I. was suc- 
ceeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by 
his son Artho ; Artho by his son Cormac 
II.; and Cormac II. (after a short inter- 
regnum) by his cousin Ferad-Artho. — 
Ossian, Fingal, Bar-Thula and Temora. 

Cor'mack (Donald), a Highland robber- 
chief.— Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth 
(time, Henry IV). 

Cor'malo, a "chief of ten thousand 
spears," who lived near the waters of Lano 
(a Scandinavian lake). He went to Inis- 
Thona (an island of Scandinavia), to the 
court of King Annir, and " sought the 
honor of the spear" (i.e. a tournament). 
Argon, the eldest son of Annir, tilted with 
him and overthrew him. This vexed Cor- 
malo greatly, and during a hunting expe- 
dition he drew his bow in secret and shot 
both Argon and his brother Euro. Their 
father wondered they did not return, when 
their dog Euna came bounding into the i 
haU, howling so as to attract attention. 
Annir followed the hound, and found his 



COEMALO 



262 



CORONIS 



sons both dead. In tlie mean time his 
daughter was carried off by Cormalo. 
When Oscar, son of Ossian, heard thereof, 
he vowed vengeance, went with an army to 
Lano, encountered Cormalo, and slew him. 
Then rescuing the daughter, he took her 
back to Inis-Thona, and delivered her to 
her father. — Ossian, The War of Inis- 
Thona. 

Cor'naoran' {The Giant), a Cornish 
giant slain by Jack the Giant-killer. 
This was his first exploit, accompHshed 
when he was a mere boy. Jack dug a 
deep pit, and so artfully filmed it over atop, 
that the giant f eU into it, whereupon Jack 
knocked him on the head and killed him. 

Comavii, the inhabitants of Che- 
shire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwick- 
shire, and Worcestershire. Drayton 
refers to them in his Polyolbion, xvi. 
(1613). 

Cornelia, wife of Titus Sempronius 
Grraechus, and mother of the two tribunes 
Tiberius and Caius. She was almost 
idolized by the Romans, who erected a 
statue in her honor, with this inscription : 

COENELIA, MOTHEB OF THE GeACCHI. 

Clelia, Cornelia, . . and the Roman brows 
Of Agrippina 

Tennyson, The Princess, ii. 

Cornet, a waiting-woman on Lady 
Fanciful. She caused great offence 
because she did not flatter her ladyship. 
She actually said to her, "Tour lady- 
ship looks very ill this morning," which 
the French waiting-woman contradicted 
by saying, " My opinion be, matam, dat 
your latyship never look so well in all 
your life." Lady Fanciful said to 
Cornet, "Get out of the room, I can't 
endure you ;" and then turning to Mdlle, 
she added, "This wench is insufferably 



ugly. 



Oh, by-the-by, Mdlle., you 



can take these two pair of gloves. The 
French are certainly well-mannered, and 
never flatter." — Vanbrugh, The Provoked 
Wife (1697). 

*** This is of a piece with the arch- 
bishop of Granada and his secretary Gil 
Bias. 

Comey {Mrs.), matron of the work- 
house where Oliver Twist was born. She 
is a well-to-do widow, who marries Bum- 
ble, and reduces the pompous beadle to a 
hen-pecked husband. — 0. Dickens, Oliver 
Twist, xxxvii. (1837). 

Cornflower {Henry), a farmer, who 
"beneath a rough outside, possessed a 
heart which would have done honor to a 
prince." 

Mrs. Cornflower, (by birth Emma Bel- 
ton), the farmer's wife abducted by Sir 
Charles Courtly. — Dibdin, The Farmer's 
Wife (1789). 

Corniole Criovanni delle, i. e. Gio- 
vanni of the Cornelians, the cognomen 
given to an engraver of these stones in the 
time of Lorenzo di Medici. His most 
famous work, the Savonarola in the 
Uffbziel gallery. 

Corn-Law Rhymer {The), Ebenezer 
Elliot (1781-1849). 

Cornwall {Barry), an imperfect 
anagram of Bryan Waller Proctor, author 

of English Songs (1788-1874). 

Corombona {Vittoria), the White 
Devil, the chief character in a drama by 
John Webster, entitled The White Devil, 
or Vittoria Corombona (1612). 

Coro'nis, daughter of Phoroneus 
(3 syl.) king of Pho'cis, metamorphosed 
by Minerva into a crow. 



CORPORAL 



263 



CORYDON 



Corporal {The Little). General 
Bonaparte was so called after tte battle 
of Lodi (1796). 

Corrector {Alexander the), Alexander 
Cruden, author of the Concordance to 
the Bible, for many years a corrector 
of the press, in London. He believed 
himself divinely inspired to correct the 
morals and manners of the world (1701- 
1770). 

Courrouge' (2 syl), the sword of Sir 
Otuel, a presumptuous Saracen, nephew 
of Farraeute (3 syl.). Otuel was in the 
end converted to Christianity. 

Corsair {The), Lord Conrad, after- 
wards called Lara. Hearing that the 
Stdtan Seyd l^Seedl was about to attack 
the pirates, he assumed the disguise of a 
dervise and entered the palace, while his 
crew set fire to the Sultan's fleet. Conrad 
was apprehended and cast into a dungeon, 
but being released by Grulnare (queen of 
the harem), he fled with her to the 
Pirates' Isle. Here he found thatMedo'ra 
(his heart's darling) had died during his 
absence, so he left the Island with Gul- 
nare, returned to his native land, headed 
a rebellion, and was shot. — Byron, The 
Corsair, continued in Lara (1814). 

(This tale is based on the adventures of 
Lafitte, the notorious buccaneer. Lafitte 
was pardoned by General Jackson for ser- 
vices rendered to the States in 1815, dur- 
ing the attack of the British on New 
Orleans). 

Cor'sand, a magistrate at the examina- 
tion of Dirk Hatteraick at Kippletringan. 
— Sir W. Scott, Gwy Mannering (time 
George II). 



Corsican General {The), Napoleon I., 
who was born in Corsica (1769-1821). 

Cor'sina, wife of the corsair who found 
Fairstar and Chery in the boat as it drifted 
on the sea. Being made very rich by her 
foster-children, Corsina brought them up 
as princes. Comtesse D'Aunoy, Fairy 
Tales (The Princess Fairstar, 1682). 

Corte'jo, a eavaliere servente, who as 
Byron says in Beppo: 

Coaeli, servants, gondola, must go to call, 
And cairies fan and tippet, gloves and shawl. 

Was it not for this that no cortejo ere 
I yet have chosen from the youth of Sev'iUe ? 
Byron, Bon Juan, i. 148 (1819). 

Corvi'no {Signior), a Venetian mer- 
chant, duped by Mosca into believing that 
he is Vol'pone's heir. — Ben Jonson, Vol- 
pone or the Fox (1605). 

Coryate's Crudities, a book of travels 
by Thomas Coryate, who called himself 
the " Odcombian Legstretcher." He was 
the son of the rector of Odcombe (1577— 
1617). 

Corycian Nymphs {The), the Muses, so 
caUed from the cave of Corycia on Lycorea, 
one of the two chief summits of Mount 
Parnassus, in Greece. 

Cor'ydon, a common name for a shep- 
herd. It occurs in the Idylls of Theocritos ; 
the Eclogues of Virgil ; The Cantata, v., of 
Hughes, etc. 

Cor'ydon, the shepherd who languished 
for the fair Pastorella (canto 9). Sir CaU- 
dore, the successful rival, treated him 
most courteously, and when he married 
the fair shepherdess, gave Corydon both 
flocks and herds to mitigate his disap- 



CORYDON 



264 COTTER'S SATURDAY NIGHT 



pointment (canto 11). — Spenser, Faery 
Queen, vi. (1596). 

Cor'ydon, the shoemaker, a citizen. — Sir 
"W. Scott, Count Eobert of Paris (time, 
Rufus). 

CoryphEsus of German Literature 

(The), Goethe. 

The Polish poet called upon . . . the great 
Coryphfeus of German literature. — ^W. R. Mor- 
fell, Notes and Queries, April 27, 1878. 

Coryphe'us (4 syl.), a model man or 
leader, from the Koruphaios or leader of 
the chorus in the Greek drama. Aris- 
tarchos is called The Corypheus of Gram- 
marians. 

Cosette. Illegitimate child of Fantine, 
a Parisian grisette. She puts the baby 
into the care of peasants who neglect and 
maltreat the little creature. She is rescued 
by the ex-convict Jean Valjean, who nur- 
tures her tenderly and marries her to a 
respectable man. — Victor Hugo, Les Mis- 
erahles. 

Cosine (5'^.), patron of surgeons, born 
in Arabia. He practised medicine in Cili- 
eia with his brother St. Damien, and both 
suffered martyrdom under Diocletian in 
303 or 310. Their fete day is December 
27. In the tweKth century there was a 
medical society called Saint Cosme. 

Cos'miel (3 syl), the genius of the 
world. He gave to Theodidactus a boat 
of asbestos, in which he sailed to the sun 
and planets. — Kircher, Ecstatic Journey to 
Heaven. 

Cosmos, the personification of "the 
world" as the enemy of man. Phineas 
Fletcher calls him "the first son to the 
Dragon red" {the devil). "Mistake," he 



says, "points all his darts;" or, as the 
Preacher says, "Vanity, vanity, aU is 
vanity." Fully described in The Purple 
Island, viii. (1633). (Greek, kosmos, " the 
world.") 

Cos'tard, a clown who apes the court 
wits of Queen Elizabeth's time. He uses 
the word " honorificabilitudinitatibus," 
and some of his blunders are very ridi- 
culous, as " ad dunghill, at the fingers' 
ends, as they say" (act v. 1). — Shakes- 
peare, Lovers Labour's Lost (1594). 

Costigan, Irish Captain in Pendennis, 
W. M. Thackeray. 

Costin (Lord), disguised as a beggar, 
in The Beggar's Bush, a drama by Beau- 
mont and Fletcher (1622). 

Cote Male-tail4 {Sir), meaning the 
"knight with the villainous coat," the 
nickname given by Sir Key (the seneschal 
of King Arthur) to Sir Brewnor le Noyre, 
a young knight who wore his father's 
coat with aU its sword-cuts, to keep him 
in remembrance of the vengeance due to 
his father. His first achievement was 
to kill a lion that " had broken loose from 
a tower, and came hurling after the 
queen." He married a damsel called 
Maledisaunt (3 syl), who loved him, but 
always chided him. After her marriage 
she was called Beauvinant. — Sir T. 
Malory, History of Prince Arthur, ii. 42-50 
(1470). 

Cotter's Saturday Night; Poem in 
which Burns depicts the household of a 
Scottish peasant gathering about the 
hearth on the last evening of the week 
for supper, social converse and family 
worship. The picture of the " Saint, the 
Father and the Husband" is drawn from 
the poet's own father. 



Cosette 

G. Quay, Artist 



^^ OSETTE has been sent to the spring for a pail of water, after dark. 

v^ She is frightened and longs to hurry home. But, — " her glance fell 

upon the pail before her. Such was the fright that the thought of 

Mme. Thenar dier inspired, that she dared not fly without the pail of water. 

She seized the handle with both hands. She had difficulty in even lifting the 

pail. 

'' She took thus a doien steps, but the pail was full ; it was heavy ; she 
was obliged to set it on the ground. She took breath an instant, then took 
hold of the handle again and resumed her walk, this time a little further. 
But she had to stop again. After some seconds of rest, she started once 
more. She walked bending forward, like an old woman, the weight of the 
water strained and stiffened her meagre arms. The iron handle frosted her 
little wet hands ; from time to time she had to stop, and whenever she stopped, 
the water that overflowed the pail splashed her bare legs. This happened in 
the midst of a wood, at night, in winter, far from human sight, to a child 
eight years old." 

Hugo's "Les Miserables." 



COTYTTO 



265 



COURTAIN 



Cotyt'to, Goddess of the Edoni of 
Tlirace. Her orgies resembled those of 
the Thracian Cyb'ele (3 syl). 

Hail goddess of nocturnal sport, 
Dark-veiled Cotytto, to whom the secret flame 
Of midnight torches burns. 

Milton, Gomus, 136, etc. (1634.) 

Covilin, a British giant pursued by 
Debon tiU he came to a chasm 132 feet 
across "which he leaped; but slipping on 
the opposite side, he fell backwards into 
the pit and was killed. 

And eke that ample pit yet far renowned 

For the great leap which Debon did compeU 
Coulin to make, being eight lugs of grownd. 
Into the which returning back he fell. 

Spenser, Faery Queen, ii. 10 (1590.) 

Count of Jfarbonne, a tragedy by 
Robert Jephson (1782). His father, Count 
Raymond, having poisoned Alphonso, 
forged a wiU barring Godfrey's right, 
and naming Raymond as successor. 
Theodore fell in love with Adelaide, the 
count's daughter, but was reduced to this 
dilemma: if he married Adelaide he 
could not challenge the count and obtain 
the possessions he had a right to as 
grandson of Alphonso; if, on the other 
hand, he obtained his rights and killed 
the count in combat, he could not expect 
that Adelaide would marry him. At the 
end the count killed Adelaide, and then 
himself. This drama is copied from 
"Walpole's Castle of Otranto. 

Count Robert of Paris, a novel 
by Sir W. Scott, after the wreck of his 
fortune and repeated strokes of paralysis 
(1831J. The critic can afford to be 
indulgent, and those who read this story 
must remember that the sun of the great 
wizard was hastening to its set. The 
time of the novel is the reign of Ruf us. 



Country {Father of his). Cicero was 
so called by the Roman senate (b. c, 
106-43J. Julius Cassar was so called 
after quelling the insurrection in Spain ■ 
(b. c. 100-43). Augustus Csesar was 
called Pater atque Princeps (b. c. 63, 31- 
14). Cosmo de Med'ici (1389-1464). 
Washington, defender and paternal coun- 
seUor of the American States (1732-1799). 
Andrea Dorea is so called on the base 
of his statue in Gen'oa (1468-1560). 
Andronicus Palseol'ogus II. assumed the 
title (1260-1332). (See 1 Chron. iv. 14). 

Country Crirl (The), a comedy by 
Garrick, altered from Wycherly. The 
"country girl" is Peggy Thrift, the 
orphan daughter of Sir Thomas Thrift, 
and ward of Moody, who brings her up 
in the coimtry in perfect seclusion. When 
Moody is 50 and Peggy is 19, he wants 
to marry her, but she outwits him and 
marries BeUvOle, a young man of suitable 
age and position. 

Country Wife (The), a comedy by 
Wmiam Wycherly (1675). 

Pope was proud to receive notice from the 
author of The Country Wife. — R. Chambers, 
English Literature, i. 393. 

Coupee, the dancing-master, who 
says "if it were not for dancing-masters, 
men might as well walk on their heads as 
heels." He courts Lucy by promising to 
teach her dancing. — Fielding, The Virgin 
Unmasked. 

Cour'tain, one of the swords of Ogier 
the Dane, made by Munifiean. His other 
sword was Sauvagine. 

But Ogier gazed upon it [the sea] doubtfully 
One Moment, and then, sheathing Courtain, said, 
"What tales are these?" 
W. Morris, The Earthly Paradise (" August "). 



COUETALL 



266 



COWAEDS 



Courtall, a fop and consummate 
libertine, for ever boasting of his love- 
conquests over ladies of the haut monde. 
He tries to corrupt Lady Frances Touch- 
wood, but is foiled by Saville. — ^Mrs. 
Cowley, The Belle's Stratagem (1780). 

Courtly (Sir Charles), a young liber- 
tine, who abducted the beautiful wife of 
Farmer Cornflower. — Dibdin, The Far- 
mer's Wife (1780). 

Cousin Copeland, a little old bachelor, 
courtly and quaint, who lives in "Old 
Gardiston," the home of his ancestors 
" befo' de wah." He has but one suit of 
clothes, so he dresses for dinner by don- 
ning a ruffled shirt and a flower in his 
buttonhole. His work is among " docu- 
ments," his life in the past; without 
murmur at poverty or change he keeps 
up the even routine of life until one even- 
ing, trying to elevate his gentle little 
voice as he reads to his niece, so as to be 
heard above the rain and wind, it fails. 

"Four days afterward lie died, gentle and 
placid to the last. He was an old man, al- 
though no one had ever thought so." — Constance 
Fennitnore Woolson, Southern Sketches, (1880). 

Cousin Michel or Michael, the nick- 
name of a German, as John Bull is 
of an Englishman, Brother Jonathan of 
an American, Colin Tampon a Swiss, 
John Chinaman a Chinese, etc. 

Couvade' (2 syl.), a man who takes the 
place of his wife when she is in chUd-bed. 
In these cases the man lies a-bed, and the 
woman does the household duties. The 
people called " Gold Tooth," in the con- 
fines of Burmah, are couvades. M. Fran- 
cisque Michel tells us the custom still ex- 
ists in Biscay ; and Colonel Yule assures 
us that it is common in Yunnan and 
among the Miris in Upper Assam. Mr. 



Tylor has observed the same custom 
among the Caribs of the West Indies, the 
Abipones of Central South America, the 
aborigines of California, in Guiana, in 
West Africa, and in the Indian Archipel- 
ago. Diodorus speaks of it as existing at 
one time in Corsica ; Strabo says the cus- 
tom prevailed in the north of Spain ; and 
ApoUonius Ehodius that the Tabarenes 
on the Euxine Sea observed the same : 

In the Tabarenian land, 
When some good woman bears her lord a babe, 
'Tis he is swathed, and groaning put to bed; 
While she arising tends his bath and serves 
Nice possets for her husband ia the straw. 

ApoUonius Rhodius, Argonautic Exp. 

Cov'erley {Sir Roger de), a member of 
an hypothetical club, noted for his mode- 
esty, generosity, hospitality, and eecentrie 
whims ; most courteous to his neighbors, 
most affectionate to his family, most ami- 
able to his domestics. Sir Eoger, who 
figures in thirty papers of the Spectator, is 
the very beau-ideal of an amiable country 
gentleman of Queen Anne's time. 

What would Sir Roger de Coverley be without 
his follies and Mb charming httle brain-cracks ? If 
the good knight did not call out to the people 
sleeping in church, and say "Amen" with such 
dehghtf ul pomposity ; i£ he did not mistake Mde. 
DoU Tearsheet for a lady of quahty hi Temple 
Garden; if he were wiser than he is ... of 
what worth were he to us 1 We love Tiim for his 
vanities as much as for his virtues. — Thackeray. 

Cowards and Bullies. In Shakespeare 
we have Parolles and Pistol ; in Ben Jon- 
son, Bob'adil ; in Beaumont and Fletcher, 
Bessus and Mons. Lapet, the very prince 
of cowards; in the French drama, Le 
Capitan, Metamore, and Scaramouch. 
(See also Basilisco, Captain Noll Bluff, 

BOEOUGHCLIFF, CapTAIN BeAZEN, SiE PeT- 

EONEL Flash, Saceipant, Vincent de la 
Rosa, etc.) 



,*f ■ 



..■5. 



Captain Costtg&n 

Pr4dtriek Barnard, Artitt 



"y'^ENERAL or Captain Costigan — for the latter was the rank which 
\ f ^^ /T^/ijrr^^ to assume— was seated with his bat cocked very 
much on one ear, and the observer might remark, by the si'^e and 
shabbine^s of the boots which the Captain wore, that times did not go very 
well with him. Poverty seems a^ if it were disposed, before it takes pos- 
session of a man entirely, to attack his extremities first : the coverings of 
bis head, feet, and hands are its first prey. All these parts of the Captain 's 
person were rakish and shabby. . . . The Captain was inclined to be bald, 
but he brought a quantity of lank iron-gray hair over bis pate, and had a 
couple of wisps of the same falling down on each side of his face. Much 
whisky had Spoiled what complexion Mr. Costigan may have possessed in 
bis youth. His once handsome face had now a copper tinge. He wore a 
very high stock, scarred and stained in many places; and a dress coat 
tightly buttoned upon those parts where the buttons bad not parted com- 
pany from the garment. ' ' 

Thackeray's "History of Pendennis. " 





CAPTAIN COSTIGAN. 



COWPEE 



267 



CEANE 



Cowper, called " Author of The TasJc,'>' 
from his principal poem (1731-1800). 

Coxcomb {The Prince of) Charles Joseph 
Prince de Ligne (1535-1614). 

Eichard II. of England (1366, 1377- 
1400). 

Henri III, of France, Le Mignon (1551, 
1574-1589). 

Coxe {Captain), one of the masques at 
Kenilworth. — Sir W, Scott, Kenilworth 
(time, Ehzabeth). 

Coy Bishop. Best friend and uncon- 
scious foil to Avis Dobell in Elizabeth 
Stuart Phelps' Story of Avis. " Her face 
is as innocent of sarcasm as a mocking 
bird's ;" she "is one of the immortal few who 
can look pretty in their crimping-pins ;" 
she " has the glibness of most unaccentu- 
ated natures ; " she admires Avis without 
comprehending her, and she makes an 
excellent wife to John Eose, a practical 
young clergyman. (1877). 

Crabshaw {Timothy), the servant of Sir 
Launcelot Greaves's squire. — SmoUett, Ad- 
ventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves (1760). 

Crab'tree, in Smollett's novel called 
The Adventures ofPeregine Pickle (1751). 

Crab'tree, uncle of Sir Harry Bumber, in 
Sheridan's comedy. The School for Scandal 
(1777). 

Crab'tree, a gardener at Fairport. — Sir 
W. Scott, The Antiquary (time Greorge 
III.). 

Crac {M. de ), the French Baron Mun- 
chausen ; hero of a French operetta. 

Crack'enthorp {Father), a publican. 

Dolly Crackenthorp, daughter of the 



publican. — Sir "W. Scott, Bedgauntlet (time, 
George III.). 

Crackit {Flash Toby), one of the vil- 
lains in the attempted burglary in which 
BiU Sikes and his associates were con- 
cerned. — C. Dickens, Oliver Twist (1837.) 

Cra'dlemont, king of Wales, subdued 
by Arthur, fighting for Leod'ogran, king 
of Cam'eliarn (3 syl.). — Tennyson, Coming 
of Arthur. 

Cradock {Sir), the only knight who 
could carve the boar's head which no cuck- 
old could cut; or drink from a bowl 
which no cuckold could quaff without 
spilling the liquor. His lady was the only 
one in King Arthur's court who could wear 
the mantle of chastity brought thither by 
a boy during Christmas-tide. — Percy, Be- 
liques, etc.. III. iii. 18, 

Craigdal'lie {Adam), the senior baiUie 
of Perth.— Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of 
Perth (time, Henry IV.). 

Craig'engelt {Captain), an adventurer 
and companion of Bucklaw. Sir W. Scott, 
Bride of Lammermoor (time, William III.). 

Craik Mamsell. A murderer who al- 
lows suspicion to faU upon the innocent 
in Anna Katherine Green's story. Hand 
OMd Bing (1883). 

Cramp {Corporal), under captain Thorn- 
ton. — Sir W. Scott, Bob Boy (time, George 
I.). 

Crannboume, {Sir Jasper), a friend of 
Sir Geoffrey Peveril.— Sir W. Scott, Pe- 
verilofthe Peak (time, Charles II.). 

Crane {Dame Alison), mistress of the 
Crane inn, at Marlborough. 



CRA^E 



268 



CEAWLET 



Gaffer Crane, the dame's husband. — Sir 
W. Scott, KenilwortJi (time, Elizabeth). 

Crane (Ichahod), a credulous Yankee 
schoolmaster. He is described as tall, ex- 
ceedingly lank, and narrow-shouldered ; 
his arms, legs, and neck unusually long ; 
his hands dangle a mile out of his sleeves ; 
his feet might serve for shovels ; and his 
whole frame is very loosely hung to- 
gether. 

The head of Ichabod Crane was small and 
flat at top, with huge ears, large green glassy- 
eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked 
like a weather-eock perched upon his spindle 
neck to tell which way the wind blew. — W. Irv- 
ing, Sketch-Book (" Legend of Sleepy HoUow.") 

Cranes (1 syl.). Milton, referring to 
the wars of the pygmies and the cranes, 
calls the former 

That small infantry 
Warred on by cranes. 

Paradise Lost, i. 575 (1665). 

Cranion, queen Mab's charioteer. 

Pour nimble gnats the horses were. 
Their harnesses of gossamere. 
Ply Cranion, her charioteer. 

M. Dayton, NympUdia (1563-1631). 

Crank (Dame), the papist laundress at 
Marlborough. — Sir W. Scott, KenilwortJi 
(time, Elizabeth). 

Cra'paud (Johnnie), a Frenchman, as 
John Bull is an Englishman, Cousin Mich- 
ael a German, Colin Tampon a Swiss, 
Brother Jonathan a North American, etc. 
Called Crapaud from the device of the 
ancient kings of France, "three toads 
erect saltant." Nostradamus, in the six- 
teenth century, called the French crapauds 
in the well-known line : 

Les anciens crapauds prendront Sara. 

(" Sara " is Aras backwards, a city taken 
from the Spaniards under Louis XIV.) 



CratcMt (Bob or Bobert), clerk of Eben- 
ezer Scrooge, stock-broker. Though Bob 
Cratchit has to maintain nine persons on 
155. a week, he has a happier home and 
spends a merrier Christmas than his mas- 
ter with all his wealth and selfishness. 

Tiny Tim Cratchit, the little lame son 
of Bob Cratchit, the Benjamin of the fam- 
ily, the most helpless and most beloved 
of aU. Tim does not die, but Ebenezer 
Scrooge, after his change of character, 
makes him his special care. — C. Dickens, 
A Christmas Carol (in five staves, 1843). 

Craw'ford (Lindsay, earl of), the young 
earl-marshal of Scotland. — Sir W. Scott, 
Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). 

Craw'ford (Lord), captain of the Scot- 
tish guard at Plessis les Tours, in the pay 
of Louis XL — Sir W. Scott, Quentin Bur- 
ward (time, Edward IV.). 

Crawley (Sir Pitt), of Grreat Graunt 
Street, and of Queen's Crawley, Hants. 
A sharp, miserly, litigious, vulgar, igno- 
rant baronet, very rich, desperately mean, 
" a philosopher with a taste for low life," 
and intoxicated every night. Becky 
Sharp was engaged by him to teach his 
two daughters. On the death of his sec- 
ond wife. Sir Pitt asked her to become 
lady Crawley, but Becky had already mar- 
ried his son, Captain Rawdon Crawley. 
This " aristocrat " spoke of " brass far- 
dens," and was unable to spell the simplest 
words, as the following specimen will 
show: — "Sir Pitt Crawley begs Miss 
Sharp and baggidge may be hear on Tuse- 
day, as I leaf . . . to-morrow erly." " The 
whole baronetage, peerage, and common- 
age of England did not contain a more 
cunning, mean, foolish, disreputable old 
rogue than Sir Pitt Crawley. He died at 



Sir Roger de 



jC^as. If. Leslie, Atiisi 



^ger de Coverley coining from Church 



I 



N the ■ ' Spectator, ' ' Addison describes a. Stmdu 
with his old friend Sir Roger de Coverley. They go to chur 
together : 



"As soon as the sermon is finished, nobody presumes to stir till Sir Roger 
is gone out of the church. The knight ■walks Jmm betuven a double row of 
his tenants, that stand boujing to him on each side, v now and then 

inquires how such an one's wife, or mother, or sou, .., ,,.,,;;tT do, whom he 
does not see at church ; which is u/tderstood as a secret reprimand to the 
person that is absent. ' ' 

Addison's "Spectator." 



CRAWLEY 



269 



CRAWLEY 



the age of fourscore ' lamented and be- 
loved, regretted and honored,' if we can 
believe his monumental tablet." 



Lady Crawley. Sir Pitt's first wife 
was "a confounded quarrelsome, high-bred 
jade." So he chose for his second wife 
the daughter of Mr. Dawson, iron-monger, 
of Mudbury, who gave up her sweetheart, 
Peter Butt, for the gUded vanity of Craw- 
leyism. This ironmonger's daughter had 
" pink cheeks and a white skin, but no 
distinctive character, no opinions, no occu- 
pation, no amusements, no vigor of mind, 
no temper ; she was a mere female ma- 
chine." Being a " blonde, she wore draggled 
sea-green or slatternly sky-blue dresses," 
went about slip-shod and in curl-papers 
aU day till dinner-time. She died and 
left Sir Pitt for the second time a widower, 
" to-morrow to fresh woods and pastures 
new." 

Mr. Pitt Crawley, eldest son of Sir Pitt, 
and at the death of his father inheritor of 
the title and estates. Mr. Pitt was a most 
proper gentleman. He would rather 
starve than dine without a dress-coat and 
white neckcloth. The whole house bowed 
down to him ; even Sir Pitt himseE threw 
off his muddy gaiters in his son's presence, 
Mr. Pitt always addressed his mother-in- 
law with "most powerful respect," and 
strongly impressed her with his high 
aristocratic breeding. At Eton he was 
called "Miss Crawley." His religious 
opinions were offensively aggressive and 
of the " evangelical type." He even built 
a meeting-house close by his uncle's 
church. Mr. Pitt Crawley came into the 
large fortune of his aunt, Miss Crawley, 
married Lady Jane Sheepshanks, daughter 
of the Countess of Southdown, became an 
M. P., grew money-loving and mean, but 



less and less "evangeUcal" as he grew 
great and wealthy. 

Captain Bawdon Crawley, younger 
brother of Mr. Pitt Crawley. He was in 
the Dragoon Guards, a "blood about 
town," and an adept in boxing, rat-hunt- 
ing, the fives-court, and four-in-hand 
driving. He was a young dandy, six feet 
high, with a great voice, but few brains. 
He could swear a great deal, but could not 
speU. He ordered about the servants, 
who nevertheless adored him ; was gener- 
ous, but did not pay his tradesmen; a 
Lothario, free and easy. His style of talk 
was, "Aw, aw; Jave-aw; Grad-aw; it's a 
confounded fine segaw-aw — confounded as 
I ever smoked. Gad-aw." This military 
exquisite was the adopted heir of Miss 
Crawley, but as he chose to maiTy Becky 
Sharp, was set aside for his brother Pitt. 
For a time Becky enabled him to live in 
splendor "upon nothing a year," but a 
great scandal got wind of gross impropri- 
eties between Lord Steyne and Becky, so 
that Rawdon separated from his wife, and 
was given the governorship of Coventry 
Isle by Lord Steyne. " His Excellency 
Colonel Rawdon Crawley died in his island 
of yellow fever, most deeply beloved and 
deplored," and his son Rawdon inherited 
his uncle's title and the family estates. 

The Bev. Bute Crawley, brother of Sir 
Pitt. He was a " tall, stately, jolly, 
shovel-hatted rector." " He pulled stroke- 
oar in the Christ Church boat, and had 
thrashed the best bruisers of the town. 
The Rev. Bute loved boxing-matches, 
races, hunting, coursing, balls, elections, 
regattas, and good dinners; had a fine 
singing voice, and was very popular." 
His wife wrote his sermons for him. 

Mrs. Bute Crawley, the rector's wife, 
was a smart little lady, domestic, pohtic, 



CEAWLEY 



270 



CRESSIDA 



but apt to overdo her "policy." She 
gave her husband full liberty to do as he 
liked ; was prudent and thrifty.— Thacke- 
ray, Vanity Fair (1848). 

Cray'oii {Le Sieur de), one of the offi- 
cers of Charles " the Bold," duke of Bur- 
gundy.— Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geier stein 
(time, Edward IV.). 

Crayon {Geoffrey), Esq., Washington 
Irving, author of The Sketch-Booh (1820). 

Crea'kle, a hard, vulgar schoolmaster, 
to whose charge David Copperfield was 
entrusted, and where he first made the 
acquaintance of Steerforth. 

The circumstance about him which impressed 
me most was that he had no voice, but spoke in 
a whisper.— C. Dickens, David Copperfield, vi. 
(1849). 

Cream Cheese {Eev.), an aesthetic di- 
vine whose disciple Mrs. Potiphar is in 
The Potiphar Papers.— Greorge William 
Curtis (1853). 

I Credat Judsevxs Apella, nonego 

(Horace, Sat. I. v. 100). Of "Apella" 
nothing whatever is known. . In general 
the name is omitted, and the word "Ju- 
dseus " stands for any Jew. " A disbelieving 
Jew would give credit to the statement 
sooner than I should." 

Cregan (Kate), the daughter of old 
Csesar Cregan, a miller and Methodist ex- 
horter in the Isle of Man. Philip Chris- 
tian, grandson of the old deemster, Pete 
Quilliam, illegitimate child of the deem- 
ster's younger son, and Kate grow up to- 
gether as playmates. Pete, who is a man 
of noble nature, although only an illiterate 
sailor, goes to the diamond-fields of Africa 
to seek a fortune that he may marry Kate, 
from whom he has had a promise to be- 
come his wife He leaves her under the 



especial care of his friend Philip. The 
latter loses his heart to Kate, but his loy- 
alty to his friend keeps him from acknow- 
ledging his love openly until after a false 
report has come of Pete's death. Even 
then the thought that Kate's low social 
position will stand in the way of his so- 
ciety and professional advancement pre- 
vents his speaking, allftiough he sees the 
girl often and guesses that she loves him. 
Finally Kate, whose devotion to Philip is 
a mad passion, tempts him beyond his 
strength. Before there is time to think of 
arranging a marriage between them, Pete 
returns with a fortune, and Kate, in de- 
spair, keeps her promise and marries him. 
In time a child is born, whom Pete believes 
to be his own, but of whom Philip is reaUy 
the father. Kate stands the strain of her 
life of deceit as long as she can and then 
leaves her home and child. After a long 
period of suffering Pete leaves the Isle of • 
Man, and Philip, who has been first made 
deemster and then governor, acknowledges 
his falsity and guilt publicly, resigns his 
honors, and takes Kate for his wife. — Hall 
Caine, The Manxman (1894). 

Cres'sida, in Chaucer Cresseide (2syl.), 
a beautiful, sparkling, and accomplished 
woman, who has become a by- word for 
infidelity. She was the daughter of Cal- 
chas, a Trojan priest, who took part with 
the Greeks. Cressida is not a character 
of classic story, but a mediaeval creation. 
Pope says her story was the invention of 
Lollius the Lombard, historiographer of 
Urbino, in Italy. Cressida betroth s herself 
to Troilus, a son of Priam, and vows eternal i 
fidelity. Troilus gives the maiden a sleeve, 
and she gives her Adonis a glove, as a love- 
knot. Soon after this betrothal an ex- 
change of prisoners is made, when Cres- 
sida falls to the lot of Diomed, to whom 
she very soon yields her love, and even 



Ichabod Crane 

Afttr E. A. Abbey, Artist 



rHE cognomen of Crane was not inapplicable to his person. 
He was tall, but exceedingly lank, with narfoy) shoulders, long 
arms and legs, hands that dangled a mile out of his sleeves, 
feet that might have served for shovels, and his -whole frame most 
loosely hung together. His bMd was small and fat at top, with huge 
ears, large green glassy eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked 
like a weather-cock, perched upon his. Spindle neck, to tell which way 
the wind blew. To see him striding along the profile of a hill on a 
windy day, with his clothes bagging and fluttering about him, one might 
have mistaken him for the genius of famine descending upon the earth. 
or some scarecrow eloped from a cornfield. 

Irving' s "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." 



'II 




XVI I r 



CRESSIDA 



271 CRISPIN 



gives him the very sleeve which Troilus 
had given her as a love-token. 

As false 
As air, as water, wind, or sandy earth . . . 
Yea, let [men] say to stick the heart of falsehood, 
"As false as Cressid." 
Shakespeare, Troilus and Gressida, act iii. so. 2 

(1602). 

Cress'well (Madame), a woman of in- 
famous character, who bequeathed £10 for 
a funeral sermon, in which nothing ill 
should be said of her. The duke of Buck- 
ingham wrote the sermon, which was as 
follows : — " All I shall say of her is this : 
she was born tvell, she married ivell, lived 
well, and died well; for she was born 
at Shad-well, married Cress- well, lived at 
Clerken-well, and died in Bride-well." 

Cressy McKinstry. Belle of Tuolumne 
County, California; pretty, saucy, and 
illiterate. She conceives the idea of get- 
ting an education, and attends the district 
school, breaking an engagement of mar- 
riage to do this ; bewitches the master, a 
college graduate, and confesses her love 
for him, but will not be " engaged : " 

" I don't know enough to be a wife to you just 
now and you know it. I couldn't keep a house 
fit for you and you couldn't keep me without 
it. . . . You're only a dandy boy, you know, and 
they don't get married to backwood Southern 
girls." 

After many scrapes involving perils, 
shared together, and much love-making, 
he is stunned one morning to learn that 
Cressy is married to another man, whom 
she had feigned not to like. — Bret Harte, 
Cressy (1889). 

Crete {Hound of), a blood-hound.— See 
Midsummer NigMs Bream, act iii. sc. 2. 

Coupe le gorge, that's the word ; I thee defy 

again, 
O hound of Crete ! 

Shakespeare, Henry V., act li. sc. 1 (1599). 



Crete (The Infamy of), the Minotaur. 

[There] lay stretched 
The infamy of Crete, detested brood 

Of the feigned heifer. 
Dante, Hell, xii. (1300, Cary's translation). 

Crib {Tom), Thomas Moore, author of 
Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress (1819). 

Crillon. The following story is told 
of this brave but simple-minded officer. 
Henry IV,, after the battle of Arques, 
wrote to him thus : 

Pends-toi, brave Crillon, nous avons vaincu 
h Arques, et tu n'y 6tais pas. 

The first and last part of this letter have 
become proverbial in France. 

When Crillon heard the story of the 
Crucifixion read at Church, he grew so 
excited that he cried out in an audible 
voice, Oii etais tu, Crillon f (" What were 
you about, Crillon, to permit of such 
atrocity!") 

*#* When Clovis was told of the Cruci- 
fixion, he exclaimed, "Had I and my 
Franks been by, we would have avenged 
the wrong, I warrant." 

Crispin {St.). Crisplnos and Crispianus 
were two brothers, born at Rome, from 
which place they traveled to Soissons, in 
France (about a.d. 303), to propagate the 
gospel, and worked as shoe-makers, that 
they might not be chargeable to any one. 
The governor of the town ordered them 
to be beheaded the very year of their arri- 
val, and they were made the tutelary 
saints of the " gentle craft." St.Crispin's 
Day is October 25. 

This day is called the feast of Crispian . . . 
And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by, 
Prom this day to the ending of the world, 
But we in it shall be remembered. 
Shakespeare, Henry V., act iv. sc. 3 (1599). 



CEITIC 



272 



CRCESUS 



Critic (A Bossu), one who criticizes the 
"getting up" of a book more than its 
literary worth ; a captious, carping critic. 
Eene le Bossu was a French critic (1631- 
1680), 

The epic poem your lordship bade me look at, 
upon taking the length, breadth, height, and 
depth of it, and trying them at home upon an 
exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my lord, in every 
one of its dimensions. Admirable connoisseur ! 
— Sterne. 

(Probably the scale referred to was that 
of Bossut the mathematician, and that 
either Bossu and Bossut have been con- 
founded, or else that a pun is intended). 

Critic {The), by R. B. Sheridan, sug- 
gested by The Rehearsal (1779). 

*»* The Rehearsal is by the Duke of 
Buckingham (1671). 

Critics {The Prince of), Aristarchos of 
Byzantium, who compiled, in the second 
century B.C., the rhapsodies of Homer. 

Croaker, guardian to Miss Richland. 
Never so happy as when he imagines him- 
self a martyr. He loves a funeral better 
than a festival, and delights to think that 
the world is going to rack and ruin. His 
favorite phrase is " May be not." 

A poor, fretful soul, that has a new distress 
for every hour of the four and twenty. — Act i. 1. 

Mrs. Crocker, the very reverse of her 
grumbling, atrabilious husband. She is 
mirthful, light-hearted, and cheerful as 
a lark. 

The very reverse of each other. She all laugh 
and no joke, he always complaining and never 
sorrowful. — Act i. 1. 

Leontine Croaker, son of Mr. Croaker. 
Being sent to Paris to fetch his sister, he 
falls in love with Olivia Woodville, whom 



he brings home instead, introduces her to 
Croaker as his daughter, and ultimately 
marries her. — Goldsmith, The Good Na- 
tured Man (1768). 

Crocodile {King). The people of Isna, 
in Upper Egypt, affirm that there is a 
king crocodile as there is a queen bee. 
The king crocodile has ears but no tail, and 
has no power of doing harm. Southey 
says that though the king crocodile has 
no tail, he has teeth to devour his people 
with. — Browne, Travels. 

Crocodile {Lady Kitty), meant for the 
Duchess of Kingston. — Sam. Foote, A Trip 
to Calais. 

Crocus, a young man enamoured of the 
nymph Smilax, who did not return his 
love. The gods changed him into the 
crocus flower, to signify unrequited love. 

Croesus, king of Lydia, deceived by an 
oracle, was conquered by Cyrus, king of 
Persia. Cyrus commanded a huge funeral 
pile to be erected upon which Croesus and 
fourteen Lydian youths were to be chained 
and burnt alive. "When this was done, 
the discrowned king called on the name 
of Solon, and Cyrus asked why he did so. 
" Because he told me to call no one happy 
tiU death." Cyrus, struck with the re- 
mark, ordered the fire of the pile to be put 
out, but this could not be done. Croesus 
then called on Apollo, who sent a shower 
which extinguished the flames, and he 
with his Lydians came from the pile un- 
harmed. 

*#* The resemblance of this legend to 
the Bible account of the Jewish youths 
condemned by Nebuchadnezzar to be cast 
into the fiery furnace, from which they 
came forth uninjured, will recur to the 
reader. — Daniel, iii. 



CROESUS 



273 



CEOMWELL 



Croesuses Bream. Croesus dreamt that 
his son, Atys, would be slain by an iron 
instrument, and used every precaution to 
prevent it, but to no purpose ; for one day 
Atys went to chase the wild boar, and Ad- 
rastus, his friend, threw a dart at the boar 
to rescue Atys from danger; the dart, 
however, struck the prince and killed him. 
The tale is told by William Morris in his 
Earthly Paradise and by Herodotus. 

Croftangry (Mr. Chri/stal), a gentle- 
man fallen to decay, cousin of Mrs. Martha 
Bethune Baliol, to whom at death, he left 
the MS. of two novels, one The Highland 
Widow, and the other The Fair Maid of 
Perth, called the First and Second Series of 
the " Chronicles of Canongate " {q. v.). 
The history of Mr. Chrystal Croftangry is 
given in the introductory chapters of The 
Highland Widow, and continued in the in- 
troduction of the The Fair Maid of Perth. 

Lockhart tells us that Mr. Croftangry 
is meant for Sir Walter Scott's father and 
that " the fretful patient at the death-bed" 
is a living picture. 

Crofts (Master), the person kUled in a 
duel by Sir Greofrey Hudson, the famous 
dwarf. — Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the Peak 
(time, Charles II.). 

Croker's Mare. In the proverb As 
coy as Croker's Mare. This means "as 
chary as a mare that carries crockery." 

She was to them as koy as a croker's Mare, 
J. Heywood, Dialogue ii. 1 (1566). 

Crokers. Potatoes are so called be- 
cause they were first planted in Croker's 
field, at Youghal, in Ireland. — J. R. 
Planche, Recollections, ptc. ii. 119. 

Crom'well (Oliver), introduced by Sir 
W. Scott in Woodstock. 



CromwelPs daughter Elizabeth, who mar. 
ried John Claypole. Seeing her father 
greatly agitated by a portrait of Charles 
I., she gently and lovingly led him away 
out of the room. — Sir W. Scott, Woodstock 
(time, Commonwealth). 

Cromwell is caUed by the Preacher Bur- 
roughs " the archangel who did battle with 
the devil." 

CromwelPs Lucky Day. The 3rd Sep- 
tember was considered by Ohver Crom- 
well to be his red-letter day. On the 3rd 
September, 1650, he won the battle of 
Dunbar ; on 3rd September, 1651, he won 
the battle of Worcester ; and on 3rd Sep- 
tember, 1658, he died. It is not, however, 
true that he was born on 3rd September, 
as many affirm, for his birthday was 25th 
April, 1599. 

CromwelPs Bead Body Insulted. Crom- 
well's dead body was, by the sanction, if 
not by the express order of Charles II., 
taken from its grave, exposed on a gibbet, 
and finally buried under the gallows. 

*#*Similarly, the tomb of Am'asis, king 
of Egypt, was broken open by Camby'ses; 
the body was then scourged and insulted 
in various ways, and finally burnt, which 
was abhorrent to the Egyptians, who used 
every possible method to preserve dead 
bodies in their integrity. 

The dead body of Admiral Coligny 
[Co.leen.ye] was similarly insulted by 
Charles IX., Catherine de Medicis, and 
all the court of France, who spattered 
blood and dirt on the half-burnt black- 
ened mass. The king had the bad taste 
to say over it : 

Fragrance sweeter than a rose 
Rises from our slaughtered foes. 

It will be remembered that Coligny was 



CEOMWELL 



274 



CEOSBITE 



the guest of Charles, his only crime being 
that he was a Huguenot. 

Crook-fingered Jack, one of Mac- 
heath's gang of thieves. In eighteen 
months' service he brought to the general 
stock four fine gold watches and seven 
silver ones, sixteen snuff-boxes (five of 
which were gold), six dozen handkerchiefs, 
four silver-hilted swords, six shirts, three 
periwigs, and a "piece" of broadcloth. 
Pea' chum calls him "a mighty clean- 
handed fellow," and adds : 

" Considering these are only the fruits of his 
leisure hours, I don't know a prettier fellow, for 
no man alive hath a more engaging presence of 
mind upon the road." — Gay, The Beggar's Opera. 
L 1 (1727). 

Crop (George), an honest, hearty 
farmer, who has married a second wife, 
named Dorothy, between whom there are 
endless quarrels. Two especially are 
noteworthy. Crop tells his wife he hopes 
that better times are coming, and when 
the law-suit is over "we will have roast 
pork for dinner every Sunday." The 
wife replies, " It shall be lamb." " But 
I say it shall be pork." " I hate pork, I'll 
have lamb." " Pork, I tell you." ■" I say 
lamb." "It shan't be lamb, I will have 
pork." The other quarrel arises from 
Crop's having left the door open, which 
he asks his wife civilly to shut. She 
refuses, he commands; she turns obstin- 
ate, he turns angiy ; at length they agree 
that the person who first speaks shall shut 
the door. Dorothy speaks first, and Crop 
gains the victory. — P. Hoare, No Song, no 
Supper (1754-1834). 

Cropland (Sir Charles), an extravagant, 
heartless libertine and man of fashion, 
who hates the country except for hunt- 
ing, and looks on his estates and tenants 
only as the means of supplying money for 



his personal indulgence. Knowing that 
EmUy Worthington is the daughter of 
a " poor gentleman," he offers her " a house 
in town, the run of his estate in the coun- 
try, a chariot, two footmen, and £600 
a year ; " but the lieutenant's daughter 
rejects with scorn such " splendid infamy." 
At the end Sir Charles is made to see his 
own baseness, and offers the most ample 
apologies to all whom he has offended. — 
G. Colman, The Poor Gentleman (1802). 

Croquemitaine [Croak.mit.tain], the 
bogie raised by fear. Somewhere near 
Saragossa was a terrible castle called Fear 
Fortress, which appeared quite impreg- 
nable ; but as the bold approached it, the 
difficulties of access gradually gave way 
and even the fortress itself vanished into 
thin air. 

Croquemitaine is a romance in three 
parts; the first part is a tournament be- 
tween the knights of Marsillus, a Moorish 
king, and the paladins of Charlemagne; 
the second part is the siege of Saragossa 
by Charlemagne ; and the third part is the 
allegory of Fear Fortress. Mitaine is the 
godchild of Charlemagne, who goes in 
search of Fear Fortress. 

Croquis (Alfred), Daniel Maclise, E. A. 
This pseudonym was attached to a series 
of character-portraits in Frazer''s Magazine 
between the years 1830 and 1838. Machse 
was born 1811, and died 1870. 

CrosHbie (William), provost of Diim- 
fries, a friend of Mr. Fairford the lawyer. 

Mrs. Crosbie, wife of the provost, and a 
cousin of Eedgauntlet. — Sir W. Scott, 
Bedgauntlet, (time, George III.). 

Cros'bite (2 syl), a barrister. — Sir W, 
Scott, Bedgauntlet (time George III.). 



CROSS PURPOSES 



275 



CROWN 



Cross Purposes, a farce by O'Brien. 
There are three brothers named Bevil — 
Francis, an M. P., Harry, a lawyer, and 
George, in the Griiards. They all, unknown 
to each other, wish to marry EmUy Grrub, 
the handsome daughter of a rich stock- 
broker. Francis pays court to the father, 
and obtains his consent; Harry to the 
mother, and obtains her consent; and 
Greorge to the daughter, whose consent he 
obtains, and the two elder brothers retire 
from the field. The fun of the farce is the 
contention of the Grubs about a suitable 
husband, their joy at finding they have aU 
selected Mr. Bevil, and their amazement at 
discovering that there are three of the 
same name. 

Cross'myloof, a lawyer. — Sir W. Scott, 
Heart of Midlothian (time, George II.). 

Crothar, " Lord of Atha," in Connaught 
(then called Alnec'ma). He was the first 
and most powerful chief of the Fir-bolg 
("bowmen") or Belgse from Britain who 
colonized the southern parts of Ireland. 
Crothar carried off Conla'ma, daughter of 
Cathmin, a chief of the Cael or Caledon- 
ians, who had colonized the northern parts 
of Ireland and held their court in Ulster. 
As Conlama was betrothed to Turloch, a 
Cael, he made an irruption into Con- 
naught, slew Cormul, but was himself 
slain by Crothar, Cormul's brother. The 
feud now became general, " Blood poured 
on blood, and Erin's clouds were hung 
with ghosts." The Cael being reduced to 
the last extremity, Trathel (the grand- 
father of Fingal) sent Conar (son of Tren- 
mor) to their relief. Conar, on his arrival 
in Ulster, was chosen king, and the Fir- 
bolg being subdued, he called himself 
" the King of Ireland." — Ossian, Temora, ii. 



land), held under Artho, over-lord of all 
Ireland. Crothar, being blind with age, 
was attacked by Rothmar, chief of Tromlo, 
who resolved to annex Croma to his own 
dominion. Crotha sent to Fingal for aid, 
and Fingal sent his son Ossian with an 
army ; but before he could arrive Fovar- 
Gormo, a son of Crothar, attacked the in- 
vader, but was defeated and slain. When 
Ossian reached Ulster, he attacked the 
victorious Rothmar and both routed the 
army and slew the chief. — Ossian, Croma, 

Croto'na's Sage, Pythagoras, so called 
because his first and chief school of phil- 
osophy was estabhshed at Crotona (fl. b. c. 
540.) 

Crowde'ro, one of the rabble leaders 
encountered by Hudibras at a bear-bait- 
ing. The academy figure of this character 
was Jackson or Jephson, a milliner in the 
New Exchange, Strand, London. He lost 
a leg in the service of the roundheads, and 
was reduced to the necessity of earning a 
living by playing on the crowd or crouth 
from ale-house to ale-house. — S. Butler, 
Hudihras, i. 2 (1664). 

(The crouth was along box-shaped instru- 
ment, with six or more strings, supported 
by a bridge. It was played with a bow. 
The last noted performer on this instru- 
ment was John Morgan, a Welshman, who 
died 1720). 

Crowe (Captain), the attendant of Sir 
Launcelot Greaves (1 syl), in his peregri- 
nations to reform society. Sir Launcelot 
is a modern Don Quixote, and Captain . 
Crowe is his Sancho Panza. 

Crowfield (Christopher), a pseudonym, 
of Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1814- ). 



Crothar, vassal king of Croma (in Ire- Crowii. Godfrey, when made the over- 



CROWN 



276 



CRUNCHER 



lord of Jerusalem, or " Baron of the Holy 
Sepulchre," refused to wear a crown of 
gold where his Saviour had only worn a 
crown of thorns. 

Canute, after the rebuke he gave to his 
flatterers, refused to wear thenceforth any 
symbol of royalty at all. 

Camite (tnitli worthy to be known) 

From that time forth did for his brows disown 

The ostentatious symbol of a crown, 

Esteeming earthly royalty 

Presumptuoxis and vain. 

Crowned after Death. Inez de Castro 
was exhumed six years after her assassina- 
tion, and crowned queen of Portugal by 
her husband, Don Pedro. (See Inez de 
Casteo.) 

Crowqiiill {Alfred), Alfred Henry For- 
rester, author of Leaves from my Memor- 
andum-Booh (1859), one of the artists of 
Punch (1805-1872). 

Croye {Isahelle, countess of), a ward of 
Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy. 
She first appears at the turret window in 
Plessis les Tours, disguised as Jacqueline ; 
and her marriage with Quentin Durward 
concludes the novel. 

The Countess Hameline of Croye, aunt to 
Countess Isabelle. First disguised as 
Dame Perotte (2 syl.) at Plessis les Tours ; 
afterwards married to William de la 
Marck. — Sir W. Scott, Quentin Durward 
(time, Edward IV). 

Croye (Monseigneur de la), an officer of 
Charles " the Bold," duke of Burgundy. — 
Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geier stein (time, 
Edward IV.). 

Croysa'do The Or eat). General Lord 
Fairfax (1611-1671).— S. Butler, Hudibras. 



Cruder (Sir), the knight who told 
Bria'na he would not marry her till she 
brought him enough hair, consisting of 
ladies' locks and the beards of knights to 
purfle his cloak with. In order to obtain 
this love-gift, the lady established a toll, 
by which every lady who passed her 
castle had to give the hair of her head, 
and every knight his beard, as " toll- 
money," or else fight for their lives. Sir 
Crudor being overthrown by Sir Cahdore, 
Briana was compelled to abolish this toll. 
— Spenser, Faery Queen, v. 1. (1596). 

Cruel {The), Pedro, king of Castle (1334, 
1350-1369). 

Cruik'shanks {Ehenezer), landlord of 
the Grolden Candlestick inn. Sir W. Scott, 
Waverley (time, G-eorge II.). 

Crum'mles {Mr. Vincent), the eccentric 
but kind-hearted manager of the Ports- 
mouth Theatre. 

It was necessary that the writer should, like 
Mr. Crummies, dramatist, construct his piece in 
the interest of " the pump and washing-tubs." — 
P. Fitzgerald. 

Mrs. Crummies, wife of Mr. Vincent 
Crummies, a stout, ponderous, tragedy- 
queen sort of a lady. She walks or rather 
stalks like Lady Macbeth, and always 
speaks theatrically. Like her husband, 
she is fuU of kindness, and always willing 
to help the needy. 

Miss Ninetta Cmmmles, daughter of the 
manager, and called in the play-bills " the 
infant phenomenon." — C Dickens, Nicho- 
las Nichlehy (1838). 

Cruncher {Jerry), an odd-job man in 
TeUson's bank. His wife was continually 
saying her prayers, which Jerry termed 



CRUNCHER 



277 



CULDEES 



" flopping." He was a " resurrection man." 
— C. Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities (1859). 

Crupp (Mrs.), a typical humbug, who 
let chambers in Buckingham Street for 
young gentlemen. David Copperfield 
lodged with her. — C. Dickens, David Cop- 
perfield (1849). 

Crushed by Ornaments. Tarpeia, 
daughter of the governer of the Roman 
citadel on the Saturnian Hill, was tempted 
by the gold on the Sabine bracelets and 
collars to open a gate of the fortress to 
the besiegers on condition that they would 
give her the ornaments which they wore 
on their arms. Tarpeia opened the gate, 
and the Sabines as they passed threw on her 
their shields, saying, " These are the orna- 
ments worn by the Sabines on their arms," 
and the maid was crushed to death. G. 
GilfiUan, alluding to Longfellow, has this 
erroneous aUusion : 

His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine 
\sic] maid, have not crushed him. — Introductory 
Essay to Longfellow. 

Crusoe (Robinson), the hero and title of 
a novel by Daniel Defoe. Robinson Cru- 
soe is a shipwrecked sailor, who leads a 
sohtary Ufe for many years on a desert 
island, and relieves the tedium of life by 
ingenious contrivances (1719). 

(The story is based on the adventures 
of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch sailor, who 
in 1704 was left by Captain Stradding on 
the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez. 
Here he remained for four years and four 
months, when he was rescued by Captain 
Woods Rogers and brought to England.) 

Was there ever anything written by mere 
man that the reader wished longer except BoUn- 
ton Crusoe, Bon Quixote and The Pilgrim's Pro- 
gress! — Dr. Johnson. 



Cruth-Loda, the war-god of the ancient 

Q-aels. 

On thy top, U-thormo, dwells the misty Loda : 
the house of the spirits of men. In the end of 
his cloudy hah bends forward Cruth-Loda of 
swords. His form is dimly seen amid the wavy 
mists, his right hand is on his shield. — Ossian, 
Cath-Loda. 

Cuckold King (The), Sir Mark of Corn- 
well, whose wife Ysolde [JE. sold] intrigued 
with Sir Tristram (his nephew), one of the 
knights of the Round Table. 

Cud'die or Cdthbeet Headkigg, a 
ploughman, in the service of Lady BeUen- 
den of the Tower of Tillietudlem. — Sir "W. 
Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II.), 

Cuddy, a herdsman, in Spenser's Shep- 
hearde^s Calendar. 

Cuddy, a shepherd, who boasts that the 
charms of his Buxo'ma far exceed those of 
Blouzelinda. Lobbin, who is Blouzelinda's 
swain, repels the boast, and the two 
shepherds agree to sing the praises of their 
respective shepherdesses, and to make 
Clod'dipole arbiter of their contention. 
Cloddipole listens to their alternate verses, 
pronounces that "both merit an oaken 
staff," but, says he, " the herds are weary 
of the songs, and so am I." — Gay, Pastoral, 
i. (1714). 

(This eclogue is in imitation of Virgil's 
Eel. iii.) 

Culdees (i.e. sequestered persons), the 
primitive clergy of presbyterian character, 
established in lo'na or Icolmkill [I-columh- 
Tiill] by St. Columb and twelve of his 
followers in 563. They also founded sim- 
ilar church establishments at Abernethy, 
Dunkeld, Kirkcaldy [Kirk-Culdee], etc., 
and at Lindesfarne, in England. Some 
say as many as 300 churches were founded 



CULDEES 



278 



CUNOBELINE 



by them. Augustine, a bishop of Water- 
ford, began against them in 1176 a war of 
extermination, when those who could 
escape sought refuge in lona, the original 
cradle of the sect, and were not driven 
thence till 1203. 

Peace to their shades ! the pure Culdees 
Were Albyn's [Scotland's] earliest priests of God, 
Ere yet an island of her seas 
By foot of Saxon monk was trod. 

Campbell, Beullura. 

Ciilloch (Sawney) a pedlar. — Sir W. 
Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George III.). 

Culprit Fay, a sprite condemned for 
loving a mortal maiden to catch the spray- 
gem from the sturgeon's " silver bow," and 
light his torch with a falling star. — Joseph 
Eodman Drake, The Culprit Fay (1847). 

Cumberland {John of). "The devil 
and John of Cumberland " is a blunder for 
"The devil and John-a-Cumber." John- 
a-Cumber was a famous Scotch magician. 

He poste to Scotland for brave John-a-Cumber, 
The only man renowned for magiek skill. 
Oft have I heard he once beguylde the deviU. 
A. Munday, John-a-Kent and John-a-Cumber 
(1595). 

Cwmlerland ( William Augustus, duke of), 
commander-in-chief of the army of George 
II., whose son he was. The duke was 
especially celebrated for his victory of 
CuUo'den (1746) ; but he was called ''The 
Butcher" from the great severity with 
which he stamped out the clan system of 
the Scottish Highlanders. He was 
wounded in the leg at the battle of Dettin- 
gen (1743). Sir W. Scott has introduced 
him in Waverley (time, George II.). 

Proud Cumberland prances, insulting the slain, 
And their hoof -beaten bosoms are trod to the plan. 
Campbell, LochieVs Warning. 

Cumberland Poet (The), William 



Wordsworth, born at Cockermouth (1770- 
1850). 

Cumnor Hall, a ballad by Mickel, the 
lament of Amy Eobsart, who had been 
won and thrown away by the Earl of 
Leicester. She says if roses and lilies 
grow in courts, why did he pluck the prim- 
rose of the field, which some country swain 
might have won and valued ! Thus sore 
and sad the lady grieved in Cumnor Hall, 
and ere dawn the death bell rang, and 
never more was that countess seen. 

*#*Sir W. Scott took this for the ground- 
work of his Kenilworth, which he called 
Cumnor Hall, but Constable, his publisher, 
induced him to change the name. 

Cun^gonde [Ku' .na.gond], the mistress 
of Candide (2 syl). in Voltaire's novel caUed 
Gandide. Sterne spells it "Cunegund." 

Cun'mngham (Archie), one of the 
archers of the Scotch guards at Plessis les 
Tours, in the pay of Louis XL — Sir W. 
Scott, Quentin Burward (time, Edward 
IV.). 

Cu'no, the ranger, father of Agatha. — 
Weber, Ber Freischiitz (1822). 

Cuno'beline, a king of the Silures, son 
of Tasciov'anus and father of Caractacus. 
Coins still exist bearing the name of 
" Cunobeline," and the word " Camalo- 
dunum" [Colchester], the capital of his 
kingdom. The Roman general between 
A.D. 43 and 47 was Aulus Plautius, but in 
47 Ostorius Scapula took Caractacus pris- 
oner. 

Some think Cunobeline is Shakespeare's 
" Cymbeline," who reigned from b.o. 8 to 
A.D. 27 ; but Cymbeline's father was Ten- 
antius or Tenuantius, his sons Guide'rius 



CUNOBELINE 



279 



CUET - MANTLE 



Arvir'agus, and the Roman general was 
Cains Lucius. 

. . . the courageous sons of our Cunobelin 
Sank under Plautius' sword. 

Drayton, PolyolUon, viii. (1612). 

Cunstance or Constance. (See Cus- 
t^ce). 

Cupid and Psyche [Sl.ky] an episode 
in The Golden Ass of Apuleius. The alle- 
gory represents Cupid in love with Psyche. 
He visited her every evening, and left at 
sunrise, but strictly enjoined her not to 
attempt to discover who he was. One 
night curiosity overcame her prudence, 
and going to look upon her lover a drop 
of hot oil fell on his shoulder, awoke him, 
and he fled. Psyche now wandered in 
search of the lost one, but was persecuted 
by Venus with relentless cruelty. Having 
suffered almost to the death, Cupid at 
length married her, and she became im- 
mortal. Mrs. Tighe has a poem on the 
subject. Wm. Morris has poetized the 
same in his Earthly Paradise (" May ") ; 
Lafontaine has a poem called Psyche, in 
imitation of the episode of Apuleius ; and 
Moliere has dramatized the subject. 

Cu'pidon (Jean). Count d'Orsay was so 
caUed by Lord Byron (1798-1852). The 
count's father was styled Le Beau d* Or- 
say. 

Ciir'an, a courtier in Shakespeare's 
tragedy of King Lear (1605). 

Cur6 de Meudon, Rabelais, who was 
first a monk, then a leech, then prebend- 
ary of St. Maur, and lastly cur6 of Meudon 
(1483-1553). 

Cu'rio, a gentleman attending on the 
Duke of lUyria. — Shakespeare, Twelfth 
Night (1614). 



Curio. So Akenside calls Mr. Pulteney, 
and styles him " the betrayer of his coun- 
try," alluding to the great statesman's 
change of politics. Curio ■ was a young 
Roman senator, at one time the avowed 
enemy of Caesar, but subsequently of Cae- 
sar's party, and one of the victims of the 
civil war. 

Is this the man in freedom's cause approved. 
The man so great, so honored, so beloved . . . 
This Curio, hated now and scorned by all. 
Who fell himself to work his country's fall ? 
Akenside, Epistle to Curio. 

Curious Impertinent [The), a tale in- 
troduced by Cervantes in his Don Quixote. 
The " impertinent " is an Italian gentle- 
man who is silly enough to make trial of 
his wife's fidelity by persuading a friend 
to storm it if he can. Of course his friend 
" takes the fort," and the fool is left to be- 
wail his own folly.— Pt. I. iv. 5 (1605). 

Currer Bell, the nom deplume of Char- 
lotte Bronte, author of Jane Eyre \_Air'\ 
(1816-1855). 

Curta'na, the sword of Edward the 
Con'fessor, which had no point, and was 
therefore the emblem of mercy. Till the 
reign of Henry III., the royal sword of 
England was so called. 

But when Curtana will not do the deed. 
You lay the pointless clergy- weapon by, 
And to the laws, your sword of justice, fly. 
Dryden, The Hind and the Panther, ii. (1687). 

Curta'na or Courtain, the sword of 
Ogier the Dane. 

He [Ogier] drew Courtain his sword out of its 
sheath. 

W. Morris, Earthly Paradise, (634). 

Curt-Hose (2 syl). Robert II. due de 
Normandie (1087-1134). 

Curt-Mantle, Henry II. of England 



CURT -MANTLE 



280 



CUTHONA 



(1133, 1154-1189). So caUed because he 
wore the Anjou mantle, which was shorter 
than the robe worn by his predecessors. 

Curtis, one of Petruchio's servants. — 
Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew (1594). 

Parson Gushing, pastor of the Ortho- 
dox Church in Poganuc. In fits of learned 
abstraction, he fed the dog surreptitiously 
under the table, thereby encouraging his 
boys to trust his heart rather than his 
tongue. He justifies the expulsion of the 
Indian tribes by Scripture texts, and 
gathers eggs in the hay -mow with Dolly ; 
upholds the doctrines of his denomination 
and would seal his faith with his blood, 
but admits that " the Thirty-nine articles 
(with some few exceptions) are a very ex- 
cellent statement of truth." He is Catholic 
without suspecting it. — Harriet Beecher 
Stowe, Poganuc People, (1878). 

Custance, daughter of the Emperor 
of Rome, affianced to the Sultan of Syria, 
who abjured his faith and consented to 
be baptized in order to marry her. His 
mother hated this apostasy, and at the 
wedding breakfast slew all the apostates 
except the bride. Her she embarked in a 
ship, which was set adrift and in due 
time reached the British shores, where 
Custance was rescued by the Lord-con- 
stable of Northumberland, who took her 
home, and placed her under the care of 
his wife Hermegild. Custance converted 
both the constable and his wife. A 
young knight wished to marry her, but 
she declined his suit, whereupon he 
murdered Hermegild, and then laid the 
bloody knife beside Custance, to make her 
suspected of the crime. King Alia ex- 
amined the case, and soon discovered the 
real facts, whereupon the knight was exe- 
cuted, and the king married Custance. 



The queen-mother highly disapproved of 
the match, and during the absence of her 
son in Scotland embarked Custance and 
her infant boy in a ship, which was 
turned adrift. After floating about for 
five years, it was taken in tow by a 
Roman fleet on its return from Syria, and 
Custance with her son Maurice became 
the guests of a Roman Senator. It so 
happened that AUa at this same time was 
at Rome on a pilgrimage, and encountered 
his wife, who returned with him to 
Northumberland and lived in peace and 
happiness the rest of her life. — Chaucer, 
Canterbury Tales ("The Man of Law's 
Tale," 1388). 

Custance, a gay and rich widow, whom 
Ralph Roister Bolster wishes to marry, 
but he is wholly baffled in his scheme. — 
Nicholas Udall, Ralph Roister Bolster 
(first English comedy, 1534). 

Cute (Alderman), a "practical philo- 
sopher," resolved to put down everything. 
In his opinion " everything must be put 
down." Starvation must be put down, 
and so must suicide, sick mothers, babies, 
and poverty. — C. Dickens, The Chimes 
(1844). 

Cuthal, same as Uthal, one of the 
Orkneys. 

Cuthbert (St.), a Scotch monk of the 
sixth century. 

Cuthbert Bede, the Rev. Edw. Bradley, 

author of Verdant Green (1857. 

Cutho'na, daughter of Rumar, was 
betrothed to Conlath, youngest son of 
Morni, of Mora. Not long before the 
espousals were to be celebrated, Toscar 
came from Ireland, and was hospitably 
entertained by Morni. On the fourth day, 



Captain Cuttle 



Frederick Barnard^ Artist 



yf GENTLEMAN in a tvide suit, of blue, with a hook 
^ J. instead of a hand attached to' his right wrist ; very 
biMhy black eyebrows ; and a thick stick in his left 
hand, covered all over {like his vosr) zoith knobs. He wore a 
loose black silk handkerchief round his neck, and such a very 
large coarse shirt collar, that it looked like a small sail. 



Charles Dickens's "Dombey and Son. 



\xiy 




PhatDgravuTE Goupil k Co. 



XXIV 



CUTHONA 



281 



CYCLADES 



he saw Cuthona out Imnting, and carried 
her off by force. Being pursued by 
Conlath, a fight ensued, in which both 
the young men fell, and Cuthona, after 
languishing for three days, died also. — 
Ossian, Conlath and Cuthona. 

Cuthullin, son of Semo, commander 
of the Irish army, and regent during the 
minority of Cormac. His wife was 
Brag'elo, daughter of Sorglan. In the 
poem called Fingal, Cuthullin was de- 
feated by Swaran, king of Lochlin 
[Scandinavia], and being ashamed to 
meet Fingal, retired from the field gloomy 
and sad. Fingal having utterly defeated 
Swaran, invited Cuthullin to the ban- 
quet, and partially restored his depressed 
spirits. In the third year of Cormac's 
reign, Torlah, son of Can'tela, rebelled. 
Cuthullin gained a complete victory over 
him at the lake Lego, but was mortally 
wounded in the pursuit by a random 
arrow. CuthuUin was succeeded by 
Nathos, but the yoimg king was soon 
dethroned by the rebel Cairbre, and 
murdered. — Ossian, Fingal and The Death 
of Cuthullin. 

Cutler {Sir John), a royaUst, who died 
1699, reduced to the utmost poverty. 

Cutler saw tenants break, and houses fall, 
For very want he could not build a wall. 
His only daughter in a stranger's power, 
For very want he could not pay a dower. 
A few gray hairs his reverend temples crowned, 
'Twas very want that sold them for two 

pound. ... 
Cutler and Brutus, dying, both exclaim, 
" Virtue and wealth, what are ye but a name ?" 
Pope_, Moral Essays, iii. (1709). 

Cutpurse {Moil), Mary Frith, the 
heroine of Middleton's comedy called The 
Roaring Girl (1611). She was a woman 
of mascuUne vigor, who not unfre- 



quently assumed man's attire. This 
notorious cut-purse once attacked General 
Fairfax on Hounslow Heath, but was 
arrested and sent to Newgate ; she es- 
caped, however, by bribing the turnkey, 
and died of dropsy at the age of 75. 
Nathaniel Field introduces her in his 
drama called Amends for Ladies (1618). 

Cutshamaquin, an Indian Sachem, 
whose disobedient and rebellious son was 
"dealt with" publicly by John Eliot. 
At the second summons and serious ad- 
monition, the lad repented and confessed 
humbly, " and entreated his father to for- 
give him, and took him by the hand, at 
which his father burst forth into great 
weeping." — John Eliot, The Clear Sunshine 
of the Oospel Breaking Forth Upon the In- 
dians (1648). 

Cuttle {Captain Edward), a great 
friend of Solomon Gills, ship's instrument 
maker. Captain Cuttle had been a skip- 
per, had a hook instead of a right hand, 
and always wore a very hard, glazed hat. 
He was in the habit of quoting, and desir- 
ing those to whom he spoke " to overhaul 
the catechism tiU they found it ; " but, he 
added, "when found, make a note on." 
The kind-hearted seaman was very fond 
of Florence Dombey, and of Walter Gay, 
whom he called " Wal'r." When Florence 
left her father's roof, Captain Cuttle shel- 
tered her at the Wooden Midshipman. 
One of his favorite sentiments was " May 
we never want a friend, or a bottle to give 
him." — C. Dickens, Dombey and Son (1846). 

(" When found, make a note of," is '.the 
motto of Notes and Queries.) 

Cyc'lades (3 syl), some twenty islands, 
so called from the classic legend that they 
circled round Dllos when that island was 



CYCLADES 



282 



CYMODOCE 



rendered stationary at tlie birtli of Diana 
and Apollo. 

Cyclic Poets, a series of epic poets, 
who wrote continuations or additions to 
Homer's Iliad and Odyssey; they were 
called "Cyclic" because they confined 
themselves to the cycle of the Trojan war. 

Ag'ias wrote an epic on " the return of 
the Greeks from Troy" (b.c. 740). 

Arcti'nos wrote a continuation of the 
Iliad, describing the taking of Troy by the 
"Wooden Horse," and its conflagration. 
Virgil has copied from this poet (e.g. 776). 

Eu'gamon wrote a continuation of the 
Odyssey. It contains the adventures of 
Telegonos in search of his father Ulysses. 
When he reached Ith'aca, Ulysses and Tel- 
emachos went against him, and Telegonos 
killed Ulysses with a spear which his 
mother Circe had given him (b.c. 568). 

Les'ches, author of the Little Iliad, in 
four books, containing the fate of Ajax, 
the exploits of Philoctetes, Neoptol'emos, 
and Ulysses, and the final capture of Troy 
(b.c. 708). 

Stasi'nos, " son-in-law " of Homer. He 
wrote an introduction to the Iliad. 

Cyclops. Their names are Brontes, 
Sterbpes, and Arges. (See Sindbad, voy. 
3). 

Cyclops {The Holy). So Dryden in the 
Masque of Albion and Alhanius, calls 
Richard Eumbold, an Englishman, the 
chief conspirator in the " Eyehouse Plot." 
He had lost one eye, and was executed. 

Cydip'pe (3 syl), a lady courted by 
Acontius of Cea, but being unable to ob- 
tain her, he wrote on an apple, " I swear 
by Diana that Acontius shall be my hus- 
band." This apple was presented to the 
maiden, and being persuaded that she had 



written the words, though inadvertently, 
she consented to marry Acontius for " the 
oath's sake." 

Cydippe by a letter was betrayed, 
Writ on an apple to th' unwary maid 

Ovid, Art of Love, 1. 

Cyl'laros, the horse of Pollux accord- 
ing to Virgil {Georg. iii. 90), but of Castor 
according to Ovid {Metam. xii. 408). It 
was coal-black, with white legs and taU. 

Cylle'nius, Mercury; so called from 
Mount Cyllene, in Arcadia, where he was 
born. 

Cym'beline (3 syl.), mythical king of 
Britain for thirty-five years. He began 
to reign in the nineteenth year of Augus- 
tus CsBsar. His father was Tenantius, 
who refused to pay the tribute to the 
Romans exacted of Cassibelan after his 
defeat by Julius Caesar. Cymbeline mar- 
ried twice. By his first wife he had a 
daughter named Imogen, who married 
Posthumus Leonatus. His second wife 
had a son named Cloten by a former hus- 
band. — Shakespeare, Cymbeline (1605). 

Cymochles \_8t. mSh'.leez\, brother of 
Pyroch'les, son of Aerates, husband of 
Acras'ia the enchantress. He sets out 
against Sir Guyon, but being ferried over 
Idle Lake, abandons himself to self-indul- 
gence, and is slain by King Arthur (canto 
8). — Spenser, Faery Queen, ii. 5, etc. 
(1590). 

Cymod'oce (4 syl.). The mother of 
Mar'inel is so called in bk. iv. 12 of the 
Faery Queen, but in bk. iii. 4 she is spoken 
of as Cymo'ent " daughter of Nereus " (2 
syl.) by an earth-bom father, " the famous 
Dumarin." 



I Cymon and Iphigenia 

Sir Frederick Leighion, Artist 

yfCCORDWG to the ancient histories of Cyprus, there lived sometime in that 
.jLJ. island one of great rank and distinction called Arislippus, who was the 
wealthiest person in all the country. If he was unhappy in any one respect it 
was in having, amongst his other children, a son. who, though be exceeded most young 
people of his age in stature and comeliness , yet tl/s a perfect idiot. He wa^. by way of 
disdain, called Cymon ; which, in their language, signified beast. The father had long 
beheld him with infinite vexation, and as.0 hopes were vanished concerning him, to re- 
move out of his sight an object which affoi^ded constant matter of grief , he ordered him 
away to his country-house to be therewith his slaves. This was extremely agreeable to 
Cymon, because people of that sort bad always been most to his mind. Residing Ipere amid 
all sorts of drudgery pertaining to that kind of life, it happened one day, as he mas going, 
about noon-tide^ with his staff .upon bis shoulder:, from one farm to another, that he 
passes through a pleasant grove, which, as ii was then the month of May, u\i% all in 
bloom. Thence, as his stars led him . he came into a meadow surrounded by high trees, 
in one corner of which was a crystal spring, and. by the side of it, upon tie grass, lay a 
most beautiful damsel asleep, clothed with a mantel so^ exceedingly fine Jttid delicate, as 
scarcely to conceal the exquisite whiteness of ber shin ; only from her waist downward 
she wore a white silken quilt, and at her feet were sleeping two women and a man- 
servant, r. 

As soon as Cymon cast hh.eyes upon ber, he stood leaning upon his staff as if be 
had never seen the face of a woman before, and began to ga:^e with the utmost astonish- 
ment mibout speaking a word. Presently, in his rude, uncivilised hrhast, which had 
hitherto been incapable of'receiiiing the least sense of good breeding whatever, a sudden 
thought arose, which seemed to ititimate to his gross and shallow uruierstanding that this 
was the most agreeable sight that ever was seen. 

Boccaccio's "Decameron." 



CYMOENT 



283 



CYNTHIA 



Cymoent. (See Cymodoce.) 

Cym'ry, the Welsh. 

The Welsh always called themselves "Cym- 
ry," the literal meaning of which is •' aborig- 
ines." ... It is the same word as " Cimbri." . . . 
They call their language " Cymraeg," i. e, " the 
primitive tongue." — E. Williams. 

Cynsegi'ros, brother of the poet 
..ffischylos. When the Persians, after the 
battle of Marathon, were pushing off from 
shore, Cyneegii-os seized one of their ships 
with his right hand, which being lopped 
off, he grasped it with his left hand ; this 
being cut off, he seized it with his teeth, 
and lost his life. 

AdmikaIj Benbow, in an engagement 
with the French, near St. Martha, in 1701, 
had his legs and thighs shivered into 
splinters by chain-shot ; but (supported 
on a wooden frame) he remained on deck 
till Du Casse sheered off. 

AuMEYDA, the Portuguese Governor of 
India, had his legs and thighs shattered in 
a similar way, and caused himself to be 
bound to the ship's mast, that he might 
wave his sword to cheer on the combat- 
ants. 

Jaai^ek, at the battle of Muta, carried 
the sacred banner of the prophet. One 
hand being lopped off, he held it with the 
other ; this also being cut off, he held it 
with his two stumps, and when at last his 
head was cut off, he contrived to fall dead 
on the banner, which was thus detained 
tiU Abd^Uah had time to rescue it and 
hand it to Khaled. 

Cyne'tha (3 syl.), eldest son of Cadwal- 
lon (king of North Wales). He was an 
orphan, brought up by his uncle Owen. 
During his minority, Owen and Cynetha 
loved each other dearly ; but when the 
orphan came of age and claimed his inheri- 
tance, his uncle burnt his eyes out by 



exposing them to plates of hot brass. 
Cynetha and his son Cadwallon accom- 
panied Madoc to North America, where 
the blind old man died while Madoc was 
in Wales preparing for his second voyage. 
— Southey, Madoc, i. 3 (1805). 

Cadwallonis erat primsevus jure Cynetha : 
Proh pudor ! hunc oculis patruus privavit Genua 

The Pentarchia. 

Cynic Tub {The), Diog'en^s, the Cynic 
philosopher lived in a tub, and it is to this 
fact that allusion is made in the line : 

\They] fetch their doctrines from the Cynic tub. 
Milton, Gomus, 708 (1634). 

Cy'nosure (3 syl.), the pole-star. The 
word means " the dog's tail," and is used 
to signify a guiding genius, or the observed 
of aU observers. Cynosu'ra was an Idaean 
nymph, one of the nurses of Zeus (1 syl.). 

Cyn'thia, the moon or Diana,^who was 
born on Mount Cynthus, in Delos. Apollo 
is called "Cynthius." 

. . . watching, iu the night, 
Beneath pale Cynthia's melancholy light. 

Falconer, The SMpivrech, m. 2 (1756). 

Cyn'thia. So Spenser, in Colin ClouVs 
Come Home Again, calls Queen Elizabeth, 
"whose angel's eye" was his life's sole 
bliss, his heart's eternal treasure. Ph. 
Fletcher, in The Pmple Island, iii., also 
calls Queen Elizabeth " Cynthia." 

Her words were like a stream of honey fleeting . . 

Her deeds were hke great clusters of ripe 
grapes . . . 

Her looks were Hke beams of the morning sim 

Forth looking thro' the windows of the east . . . 

Her thoughts were hke the fumes of frank- 
incense 

Which from a golden censer forth doth rise. 
Spenser, Colin Clout's Gome Home Again (1591). 

Cyn'thia, daughter of Sir Paul Pliant, 
and daughter-in-law of Lady Pliant. She 
is in love with Melle'font (2 syl). Sir 



CYNTHIA 



284 



CZAE 



Paul caUs her " Thy »— W. Congreve, The 
Double Dealer (1694). 

Cyn'thia Ware. Auburn-haired girl 
living upon Lost Creek in Tennessee, in 
love with Evander Price, a young black- 
smith. When he is sent to the peniten- 
tiary upon a false accusation, she labors 
unceasingly for a year to obtain his par- 
don. A year after it is granted, she learns 
that he is doing well in another State and 
has forgotten her. In time, he returns, 
married and prosperous, and calls upon his 
old friends upon Lost Creek. 

" His recollections were all vague, although at 
some reminisceiice of hers he laughed jovially, 
and "lowed that in them days, Cinthy, you 
an' me had a right smart notion of keepin' com- 
pany tergether.' He did not notice how pale 
she was, and that there was often a slight spas- 
modic contraction of her features. She was 
busy with her spinning-wheel, as she placidly 
replied: ^Yes, — 'though I always 'lowed ez I 
counted on hvin' single.' " — Charles Egbert Crad- 
dock, In the Tennessee Mountains (1885). 

Cyp'rian (A), a woman of loose morals ; 
so called from the island Cyprus, a chief 
seat of the worship of Venus or Cyp'ria. 

Cyp'rian {Brother), a Dominican monk 
at the monastery of Holyrood. — Sir W. 
Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry 
IV.). 

Cyrenaic Shell, the lyre or strain of 
Callimachus, a Greek poet born at Gyrene, 
but lived later at Alexandria. Six of his 
hymns are extant. 

For you the Cyrenaic shell 
Behold I touch revering. 

Akenside, Hymn to the Naiads. 

Cyr'ic {St.), the saint to whom sailors 
address themselves. The St. Elmo of the 
Welsh. 



The weary mariuers 

Called on St. Cyric's aid. 

Southey, Madoc, i. 4 (1805). 

Cyrus and Tom'yris. Cyrus, after 
subduing the eastern parts of Asia, was de- 
feated by Tomyris queen of the Massage'tse, 
in Scythia. Tomyris cut off his head, and 
threw it into a vessel filled with human 
blood, saying, as she did so, " There, drink 
thy fiU." Dante refers to this incident in 
his Purgatory, xii. 

Consyder Syrus . . . 

He whose huge power no man might overthrowe, 
Tom'yris Queen with great despite hath slowe, 
His head dismembered from his mangled corps 
Herself she cast iato a vessel fraught 
With clotted blond of them that felt her force. 
And with these words a just reward she taught — 
" Drynke now thy fyll of thy desired draught." 
T. SackviUe, A Mirrour for Magistraytes 
{" The Complaynt," 1587). 

Cythere'a, Venus; so called from 
Cythe'ra (now Cerigo), a mountainous 
island of Laco'nia, noted for the worship 
of Aphrodite (or Venus). The tale is that 
Venus and Mars, having formed an illicit 
affection for each other, were caught in a 
delicate net made by Vulcan, and exposed 
to the ridicule of the court of Olympus. 

He the fate [May sing] 
Of naked Mars with Cytherea chained. 

Akenside, Hymn to the Naiads. 

Cyze'nis, the infamous daughter of 
Diomed, who killed every one that fell 
into her clutches, and compelled fathers to 
eat their own children. 

Czar {Gcesar), a title first assumed in 
Eussia by Ivan III., who, in 1472, married 
a princess of the imperial Byzantine line. 
He also introduced the double-headed 
black eagle of Byzantium as the national 
symbol. The official style of the Russian 
autocrat is Samoderjets. 



D'ACUNHA 



285 



DALES 




'ACUNHA {Teresa), waiting- 
woman to the countess of 
Grlenallan. — Sir W. Scott, 
Antiquary (time, George 
III.). 



Daffodil. Wlien Perseph'one, the 
daughter of Deme'ter, was a little maiden, 
she wandered about the meadows of Enna 
in. SicUy, to gather white daffodils to 
wreathe into her hair, and being tired she 
fell asleep. Pluto, the god of the infernal 
regions, carried her off to become his wife, 
and his touch turned the white flowers to 
a golden yellow. Some remained in her 
tresses tUl she reached the meadows of 
Acheron, and falling off there grew into 
the asphodel, with which the meadows 
thenceforth abounded. 

She stepped upon Sicilian grass, 
Demeter's daughter, fresh and fair, 

A child of light, a radiant lass, 
And gamesome as the morning air. 

The daffodils were fair to see. 

They nodded lightly on the lea ; 
Persephone ! Persephone ! 

Jean Ingelow, Persephone. 

Dagon, sixth in order *f the hierarchy 
of heU: (1) Satan, (2) Beelzebub, (3) 
Moloch, (4) Chemos, (5) Thammuz, (6) 
Dagon. Dagon was half man and half 
fish. He was worshipped in Ashdod, 
Gath, Asealon, Ekron, and G-aza (the five 
chief cities of the Philistines). When the 
"ark" was placed in his temple, Dagon 
fell, and the palms of his hands were 
broken off. 

Next came . . . 
Dagon . . . sear monster, upward man 
And downward fish. 
Milton, Paradise Lost, i. 457, etc. (1665). 

Dag'onet {Sir), King Arthur's fool. 
One day Sir Dagonet, with two squires, 
came to Cornwall, and as they drew near 



a well Sir Tristram soused them all three 
in, and dripping wet made them mount 
their horses and ride off, amid the jeers of 
the spectators (pt. ii. 60). 

King Arthur loved Sir Dagonet passing well, 
and made him knight with his own hands ; and 
at every tournament he made King Arthur 
laugh. — Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, 
ii. 97 (1470). 

Justice Shallow brags that he once per- 
sonated Sir Dagonet, while he was a stu- 
dent at Clement's Inn. — Shakespeare, 2 
Henry IV. act ii. sc. 2 (1598). 

*«* Tennyson deviates in this, as he does 
in so many other instances, from the old 
romance. The History says that King 
Arthur made Dagonet knight "with his 
own hands," because he "loved him 
passing well;" but Tennyson says that 
Sir G-awain made him " a mock-knight of 
the Eound Table." — The Last Tourna- 
ment, 1. 

Daisy Miller. Mrs. Miller, nduvelle 
riche and in true American subjection to 
her children, is travelling abroad. Her 
only daughter is pretty, unconventional, 
and so bent upon having " a good time " 
that she falls under the most degrading 
suspicions. The climax of flirtation and 
escapade is a midnight expedition to the 
Colosseum, where she contracts Roman 
fever and dies. — Henry James, Jr., Daisy 
Miller (1878). 

Dal'dah, Mahomet's favorite white 
mule. 

Dales {The), a family in Ashurst, where 
is laid the scene of John Ward, Preacher : 
By Margaret Deland. The wife is prim 
and dictatorial, a pattern housewife, with 
decided views upon all subjects, including 
religion and matrimony. The husband 
wears a cashmere dressing-gown, and 



DALES 



286 



DAMIOTTI 



spreads a red handkerchief over his white 
hair to protect his white head from 
draughts; reads "A Sentimental Jour- 
ney ; " looks at his wife before expressing 
an opinion, and makes an excellent fourth 
at whist (1888). 

Dalga, a Lombard harlot, who tries to 
seduce young Groltho, but Goltho is saved 
by his friend Ulfinore. — Sir W. Davenant, 
Oondibert (died 1668). 

Dalgarno {Lord Malcolm of), a pro- 
fligate young nobleman, son of the earl of 
Huntinglen (an old Scotch noble family). 
Nigel strikes Dalgarno with his sword, 
and is obliged to seek refuge in " Alsatia." 
Lord Dalgarno's villainy to the Lady 
Hermlone excites the displeasure of King 
James, and he would have been banished 
if he had not married her. After this. 
Lord Dalgarno carries off the wife. of John 
Christie, the ship-owner, and is shot by 
Captain Colepepper, the Alsatian bully. — 
Sii- W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, 
James I.). 

Dalgetty (Bugald), of Drumthwacket, 
the union of the soldado with the pedantic 
student of Mareschal College. As a soldier 
of fortune, he is retained in the service of 
the Earl of Monteith. The Marquis of 
Argyll (leader of the parliamentary army) 
tried to tamper with him in prison, but 
Dugald siezed him, threw him down, and 
then made his escape, locking the marquis 
in the dungeon. After the battle. Captain 
Dalgetty was knighted. This " Ritt- 
master" is a pedant, very conceited, full 
of vulgar assurance, with a good stock of 
worldly knowledge, a student of divinity, 
and a soldier who lets his sword out to the 
highest bidder. The character is original 
and well drawn. — Sir W. Scott, Legend of 
Montrose (time, Charles I.), 



The original of this character was Munro, 
who wrote an account of the campaigns of 
that band of Scotch and English auxiliaries 
in the island of Swinemiinde, in 1630. 
Munro was himself one of the band. Du- 
gald Dalgetty is one of the best of Scott's 
characters. 

Dalton {Mrs.), housekeeper to the Rev, 
Mr. Staunton, of "Willingham Rectory. — 
Sir W. Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, 
G-eoge II.). 

Dalton {Reginald), the hero of a novel so 
called, by J. G. Lockhart (1832), 

Dalzell {General Thomas), in the royal 
army of Charles II,— Sir W, Scott, Old 
Mortality (1816). 

Dame du Lac, Vivienne le Fay, The 
lake was " en la marche de la petite Bre- 
taigne ; " " en ce lieu , , , avoit la dame 
moult de beUes maisons et moult riches." 

Dame du Lac, Sebille (2 syl). Her cas- 
tle was surrounded by a river on which 
rested so thick a fog that no eye could see 
across it, Alexander the Great abode a 
fortnight with this fay, to be cured of his 
wounds, and King Arthur was the result of 
their amour. (This is not in accordance 
with the general legends of this noted hero. 
See Akthue.) — Perceforest, i. 42, 

Dam'ian, a squire attending on the 
Grand-Master of the Knights Templars, 
— Sir W, Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I,). 

Damiot'ti {Br. Baptisti), a Paduan 
quack, who exhibits " the enchanted mir- 
ror " to Lady Forester and Lady Bothwell, 
They see therein the clandestine marriage 
and infidelity of Sir Philip Forester, — Sir 
W. Scott, Amit Margaret's Mirror (time, 
William III.), 



DAMIS 



287 



DAMON AND DELIA 



Damis [Dah.me], son of Orgon and El- 
mire (2 syl), impetuous and self-willed. — 
MoUfere, Tartuffe (1664). 

Damn with Faint Praise. 

Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer, 
And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer. 
Pope, Prologue to the Satires, 201 (1734). 

Damno'nii, the people of Damnonium, 
that is, Cornwall, Devon, Dorsetshire, and 
part of Somersetshire. This region, says 
Eichard of Cirencester {Hist. vi. 18), was 
much frequented by the Phoenician, Greek, 
and G-aUic merchants, for the metals with 
which it abounded, and particularly for its 
tin. 

Whevein our Devonshire now and fartherest 

Comwal are, 
The old Damnonii [sic] dwelt. 

Drayton, Polyolbion, xvi. (1613). 

Damaris Wainright. A woman richly 
endowed by Nature and fortune, whose 
mother and brother have died insane. She 
comes to maidenly maturity under the im- 
pression which strengthens into belief that 
madness is her heritage. After long strug- 
gles she accepts the hand of one who has 
striven steadily to combat what he consid- 
ers a morbid conviction, and makes ready 
for her marriage. When dressed for the 
ceremony she sits down to await her bride- 
groom, and the image of herself in a tar- 
nished mirror suggests a train of melan- 
choly musing that result in dementia. 

" With a mad impulse to flee she sprang to her 
feet just as Lincoln knocked .... For an in- 
stant her failing reason struggled to conscious- 
ness as a drowning swimmer writhes a last time 
to the surface, and gasps a breath only to give it 
up in futile bubbles that mark the spot where he 
sank. With a supreme effort her vanquished 
wOlfor a moment re-asserted itself. She knew 
her lover was at the door, and she knew also 
that the feet of doom had been swifter than those 
of the bridegroom .... She sprang forward 
and threw open the door. 



" ' I am mad ! ' she shrieked, in a voice which 
pierced to every corner of the old mansion." 
Alio Bates, The Wheel of Fire, (1885). 

Dam'ocles (3 syl.), a sycophant, in the 
court of Dionys'ius the Elder, of Syracuse. 
After . extoUing the felicity of princes, 
Dionysius told him he would give him 
experimental proof thereof. Accordingly 
he had the courtier arrayed in royal robes 
and seated at a sumptuous banquet, but 
overhead was a sword suspended by a 
single horsehair, and Damocles was afraid 
to stir, lest the hair should break and the 
sword fall on him. Dionysius thus inti- 
mated that the lives of kings are threatened 
every hour of the day. 

Let us who have not our names in the Red 
Book console ourselves by thinking comfortably 
how miserable our betters may be, and that 
Damocles, who sits on satin cushibns, and is 
served on gold plate, has an awful sword hang- 
ing over his head, in the shape of a baUiffl, or 
hereditary disease, or family secret. — Thackeray, 
Vanity Fair, xlvii. (1848). 

Damoe'tas, a herdsman. Theocritos 
and VirgU use the name in their pastorals. 

And old Damcetas loved to hear our song. 

Milton, Lycidas (1638). 

Da'mon, a goat-herd in Virgil's third 
Eclogue. Walsh introduces the same 
name in his Eclogues also. Any rustic, 
swain, or herdsman. 

Damon and Delia. Damon asks 
Deha why she looks so coldly on him. 
She replies because of his attention to 
Belvidera. He says he paid these atten- 
tions at her own request, " to hide the 
secret of their mutual love." Delia con- 
fesses that his prudence is commendable, 
but his acting is too earnest. To this he 
rejoins that she alone holds his heart ; and 
Delia replies : 



DAMON AND DELIA 



288 



DANAE 



Tho' well I might your truth mistrust, 
My foolish heart believes you just ; 
Reason this faith may disapprove, 
But I believe, because I love. 

Lord Lyttleton. 

Damon and Musido'ra, two lovers 
who misunderstood each other. Musidora 
was coy, and Damon thought her shyness 
indicated indifference; but one day he 
saw her bathing, and his dehcacy so 
charmed the maiden that she at once ac- 
cepted his proffered love. — Thomson, The 
Seasons (" Summer," 1727). 

Da'mon and Pyth'ias. Damon, a 
senator of Syracuse, was by nature hot- 
mettled, but was schooled by Pytha- 
gore'an philosophy into a Stoic coldness 
and slowness of speech. He was a fast 
friend of the republic, and when Dio- 
nysius was made "King" by a vote of 
the senate, Damon upbraided the be- 
trayers of his country, and pronounced 
Dionysius a " tryant." For this he was 
seized, and as he tried to stab Dionysius, 
he was condemned to instant death. 
Damon now craved respite for four hours 
to bid farewell to his wife and child, but 
the request was denied him. On his way 
to execution, his friend Pythias en- 
countered him, and obtained permission 
of Dionysius to become his surety, and 
to die in his stead, if within four hours 
Damon did not return. Dionysius not 
only accepted the bail, but extended the 
leave to six hours. When Damon reached 
his country villa, LucuUus killed his 
horse to prevent his return ; but Damon, 
seizing the horse of a chance traveler, 
reached Syracuse just as the executioner 
was preparing to put Pythias to death. 
Dionysius so admired this proof of friend- 
ship, that he forgave Damon, and re- 
quested to be taken into his friendship. 



This subject was dramatized in 1571 by 
Eichard Edwards, and again in 1825 by 
John Banim. 

(The classic name of Pythias is " Phin- 
tias.") 

Damsel or Damoiseau (in Italian, 

donzel ; in Latin, domisellus) ; one of the 
gaUant youths domiciled in the maison du 
roi. These youths were always sons of 
the greater vassals. Louis VII. {le Jeune) 
was called " The Royal Damsel ;" and at 
one time the royal body-guard was called 
" The King's Damsells." 

Damsel of Brittany, Eleanor, daughter 
of Godffrey (second son of Henry II. of 
England). After the death of Arthur, 
his sister Eleanor was next in succession 
to the crown, but John, who had caused 
Arthur's death, confined Eleanor in Bristol 
Castle, where she remained till her death, 
in 1241. 

D'AmviUe (2 syl), " the atheist," with 
the assistance of Borachio, murdered 
Montferrers, his brother, for his estates. 
— Cyril Tourneur, The Atheisfs Tragedy 
(seventeenth century). 

Dam'ian (2 syl), the lover of May 
(the youthful bride of January, a Lombard 
knight, 60 years of age). — Chaucer, Can- 
terbury Tales ("The Merchant's Tale," 
1388). 

Dan of the Howlet Hirst, the dragon 

of the revels at Kennaquhair Abbey. — 
Sir W. Scott, The Abbot and The Monas- 
tery (time, Elizabeth). 

Dan'ae, (3 syl), an Argive princess, 
visited by Zeus [Jupiter] in the form of 
a shower of gold, while she was confined 
in an inaccessible tower. 



DANAID 



289 



DANHASCH 



Danaid (3 syl), Dan'aus had fifty 
daughters, called the Danaids or Da- 
na'id^s. These fifty women married the 
fifty sons of ^gyptus, and (with one ex- 
ception) murdered their husbands on the 
night of their espousals. For this crime 
they were doomed in Hades to pour water 
everlastingly into sieves. 

Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse or prove 
The Danaid of a leaky vase. 

Tennyson, The Princess, ii. 

Dancing Chancellor {The), Sir Chris- 
topher Hatton, who attracted the atten- 
tion of Queen Elizabeth by his graceful 
dancing at a masque. She took him into 
favor, and made him both Chancellor and 
knight of the Garter (died 1591). 

*«* Mons. de Lauzun, the favorite of 
Louis XIV., owed his fortune to his grace 
in dancing in the king's quadrille. 

Many more than one nobleman owed the 
favor he enjoyed at court to the way he pointed 
his toe or moved his leg. — A. Dumas, Taking the 
Bastile. 

Dancing Water (The), from the Burn- 
ing forest. This water had the power of 
imparting youthful beauty to those who 
used it. Prince Chery, aided by a dove, 
obtained it for Fairstar. 

The dancing water is the eighth wonder of 
the world. It beautifies ladies, makes them 
young again, and even enriches them. — Com- 
tesse D'Aunoy, Fairy Tales (" Princess Fairstar," 
1682). 

Dandies (The Prince of), Beau Brum- 
mel (1778-1840). 

Dandin (George), a rich French trades- 
man, who marries Ang'elique, the daugh- 
ter of Mons. le Baron de Sotenville, and 
has the " privilege " of paying-off the fam- 
ily debts, maintaining his wife's noble 
parents, and being snubbed on aU occa- 



sions to his heart's content. He con- 
stantly said to himself, in self-rebuke, 
Vous Paves voulu, vous Paves voulu, George 
Dandin! (" You have no one to blame but 
yourself! you brought it on yourself, 
George Dandin !") 

Vous I'avez voulu, vous I'avez voulu, George 
Dandin ! vous I'avez voulu ! . . . vous avez juste- 
ment ce que vous m^ritez. — Moh^re, George 
Dandin, i. 9 (1668). 

" Well, tu I'as voulu, George Dandin," she said, 
with a smile, " you were determined on it, and 
must bear the consequences." — Percy Fitzgerald^, 
The Parvenu Family, ii. 262. 

*#* There is no such phrase in the com- 
edy as Tu Pas voulu, it is always Vous= 
Paves voulu. 

Dan'dolo (Signor), a friend to Fazio im 
prosperity, but who turns from him when; 
in disgrace. He says : 

Signor, I am paramount 
In all affairs of boot and spin* and hose ; 
In matters of the robe and cap supreme ; 
In ruff disputes, my lord, there's no appeal 
Prom my irrefragibility. 

Dean Mihnan, Fazio, ii. I^ISIS). 

Dangeau {Jouer a la), to play as good 
a hand at cards as Phillippe de Coureillon, 
marquis de Dangeau (1638—1720). 

Dan'gerfleld (Captain), a hired witness 
in the " Popish Plot."— Sir W. Scott, Pe- 
veril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). 

Dangle, a gentleman bitten with the 
theatrical mania, who annoys a manager 
with impertinent flattery and advice. It 
is said that Thomas Vaughan, a play- 
wright of small reputation, was the ori- 
ginal of this character. — Sheridan, The 
Critic (see act i. 1), (1779). 

DanTiasch, one of the genii who did 
not " acknowledge the great Solomon." 



DANHASCH 



290 



DAPHNE 



"When the Princess Badoura in her sleep 
was carried to the bed of Prince Camaral'- 
zaman that she might see him, Danhasch 
changed himself into a flea, and bit her 
hp, at which Badoura awoke, saw the 
prince sleeping by her side, and after- 
wards became his wife. — Arabian Nights 
{" Camaralzaman and Badoura.") 

Daniel, son of "Widow Lackitt; a 
wealthy Indian planter. A noodle of the 
softest mould, whom Lucy "Weldon mar- 
ries for his money. — Thomas Southern, 
Oroonoko (1696). 

Dan'nischemeiid, the Persian sorcerer, 
mentioned in Donnerhugel's narrative. — 
Sir "W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, 
Edward IV.). 

Dant§ and Beatrice. Some say that 
Beatrice, in Dante's Divina Commedia, 
merely personifies faith; others think it 
a real character, and say she was the 
daughter of the illustrious family of Por- 
tinari, for whom the poet entertained a 
purely platonic affection. She meets the 
poet after he has been dragged through 
the river Lethe {Purgatory, xxxi), and con- 
ducts him through paradise. Beatrice 
Portina'ri married Simon de Bardi, and 
died at the age of 24 ; Dante was a few 
months older. 

Some persons say that Dante meant Theology 
By Beatrice, and not a mistress ; I . . . 
Deem this a commentator's phantasy. 

Byron, Bon Juan, iii. 11 (1820). 

DantS and Virgil. Virgil was Dante's 
poetic master and is described as conduct- 
ing him through the realms depicted in 
the Divina Commedia. 

*#* The poet married Gremma, of the 
powerful house of Donati. (See Loves). 

Dante's Beard. AU the pictures of 



Dante which I have seen represent him 
without any beard or hair on his face at 
aU ; but in Purgatory, xxxi., Beatrice says 
to him, " Raise thou thy beard, and lo ! 
what sight shall do," i.e. lift up your face 
and look about you; and he adds, "No 
sooner lifted I mine aspect up . . . than 
mine eyes [encountered] Beatrice." 

Dan Devereux. A young Nantucket 
giant married to a dainty waif rescued in 
infancy from the sea. He marries her 
because she is homeless and seems to 
be in love with him. "When too late, he 
knows that his affections are another's, 
and sees his wife fascinated by a hand- 
some French adventurer. In an attempt 
to elope, the wife and her lover are wrecked, 
and clinging to a spar, are overtaken by 
the "terrible South Breaker — plunging 
and rearing and swelling, a monstrous 
billow, sweeping and swooping and rock- 
ing in." Dan in later life, marries Georgia, 
his first love. — Harriet Prescott Spofford, 
The South Breaker (1863). 

Danton of the Cevennes. Pierre 
Seguier, prophet and preacher of Magista- 
vols, in France. He was a leader amongst 
the Camisards, 

Dan vers {Charles), an embyro barrister 
of the Middle Temple.— C. Selby, The Un^ 
finished Gentleman. 

Daph'ne (2 syl.)., daughter of Sileno 
and Mysis, and sister of Nysa. The favor- 
ite of Apollo while sojourning on earth in 
the character of a shepherd lad named 
"Pol."— Kate O'Hara, Midas (a burletta, 
1778). 

(In classic mythology Daphn^ fled from 
the amorous god, and escaped by being 
changed into a laurel.) 



Daphnis and Chloe 

Ctrari, Artitt J. T. Richomme, Engraver 

W '^yiPHNIS was tbe son of Mercury and a Sicilian nymph. He 
m M obtained bis name from being found, when an infant, by Sicilian 
shepherds, lying among the bay-trees or daphnes. The god Pan 
became bis instructor, and taught him to play upon the pipes and to sing. 
His love of music was inspired by the Muses, and he was tbe foster-child of 
tbe Nymphs. Diana frequently chose him for her companion in hunting, 
and be used to play for her upon bis pipe when they returned from the chase. 
He is said to have been tbe inventor of classical poetry. Daphnis became 
attached to tbe Naiad Chloe, who bound bim by an oath to be faithful to 
her under penalty of losing his sight. For some time be kept his oath, but 
be finally broke the vow for the sake of a princess, and paid the penalty by 
becoming blind. One authority states that tbe Naiad transformed bim into 
a rock, while Theocritus asserts that he refused to be comforted after be bad 
perjured himself, and pined to death. 




UJ 

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DAPHNIS 

Daph'nis, a beautiful Sicilian shep- 
herd, the inventor of bucolic poetry. He 
was a son of Mercury, and friend both of 
Pan and Apollo. 

Daph'nis, the modest shepherd. 

This is that modest shepherd, he 

That only dare salute, but ne'er could be 

Brought to kiss any, hold discourse, or siag, 

Whisper, or boldly ask. 

John Fletcher, The Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3 

Daph'nis and Chlo'e, a prose pastoral 
love story in Greek, by Longos (a Byzan- 
tine), not unlike the tale of The Gentle 
Shepherd, by Allan Ramsay. Gessner has 
also imitated the Greek romance in his 
idyU called Daphn is. In this love story Lon- 
gos says he was hunting in Lesbos, and 
saw in a grove consecrated to the nymphs 
a beautiful picture of children exposed, 
lovers plighting their faith, and the incur- 
sions of pirates, which he now expresses 
and dedicates to Pan, Cupid, and the 
nymphs. Daphnis, of course, is the lover 
of Chloe. 

Dapper, a lawyer's clerk, who went to 
Subtle " the alchemist," to be supplied 
with "a familiar" to make him win in 
horse-racing, cards, and all games of 
chance. Dapper is told to prepare him- 
self for an interview with the fairy queen 
by taking " three drops of vinegar in at the 
nose, two at the mouth, and one at either 
ear," " to cry hum thrice and buzz as often." 
— Ben Jonson, The Alchemist (1610). 

Dapple, the donkey ridden by Saneho 
Panza, in Cervantes' romance of Don 
Quixote (1605-1615). 

Darby and Joan. This baUad, called 
The Happy Old Couple, is printed in the 
Gentleman's Magazine, v. 153 (March, 1735). 



291 



DARGONET 



It is also in Plumtre's Collections of Songs, 
152 (Camb. 1805), with the music. The 
words are sometimes attributed to Prior, 
and the first line favors the notion : "Dear 
O^Zoe, while thus beyond measure;" only 
Prior always spells Chloe without " h." 

Darby and Joan are an old-fashioned, 
loving couple, wholly averse to change of 
any sort. It is generally said that Henry 
Woodfall was the author of the baUad, 
and that the originals were John Darby 
(printer, of Bartholomew Close, who died 
1730) and his wife Joan. Woodfall served 
his apprenticeship with John Darby. 

" You may be a Darby \Mr. EardcastU\, but 
I'll be no Joan, I promise you."— Goldsmith, She 
Stoops to Conquer, i. 1 (1773). 

Dradu-Le'na, the daughter of Foldath, 
general of the Fir-bolg or Belgge settled in 
the south of Ireland. When Foldath fell 
in battle, 

His soul rushed to the vale of Mona, to 
Dardu-Lena's dream, by Dalrutho's stream, 
where she slept, returning from the chase of 
hinds. Her bow is near the maid, unstrung . . . 
Clothed in the beauty of youth, the love of 
heroes lay. Dark-bending from ... the wood • 
her wounded father seemed to come. He ap- 
peared at times, then hid himself in mist. 
Bursting into tears, she arose. She knew that 
the chief was low . . . Thou wert the last of his 
race, blue-eyed Dardu-Lena ! — Ossian, Te- 



Dargo, the spear of Ossian, son of Fin- 
gal. — Ossian, Calthon awd Colmal. 

Dar^gonet, " the Tall," son of Astolpho, 
and brother of Paradine. In the fight pro- 
voked by Oswald against Duke Gondibert, 
which was decided by four combatants 
against four, Dargonet was slain by Hugo 
the Little. Dargonet and his brother were 
rivals for the love of Lora. — Sir Wm. 
Davenant, Gondibert, i. (died 1668). 



DAEIUS AND HIS HORSE 



292 



DARWIN'S MISSING LINK 



Dari'us and His Horse. The seven 
candidates for the throne of Persia agreed 
that he should be king whose horse 
neighed first. As the horse of Darius was 
the first to neigh, Darius was proclaimed 
king. 

That brave Scythian 
Who found more sweetness m his horse's neigh- 
ing 
Than all the Phrygian, Dorian, Lydian playing. 

Lord Brooke. 

Darlemont, guardian and maternal 
uncle of Julio of Harancour ; formerly a 
merchant. He takes possession of the in- 
heritance of his ward by foul means, but 
is proud as Lucifer, suspicious, exacting, 
and tyrannical. Every one fears him ; no 
one loves him. — Thom. Holcroft, Deaf and 
Dumb (1785.) 

Darling (Grace), daughter of "William 
Darling, lighthouse-keeper on Longstone, 
one of the Fame Islands. On the morn- 
ing of September 7, 1838, Grace and Jier 
father saved nine of the crew of the For- 
farshire steamer, wrecked among the 
Fame Islands opposite Bamborough Cas- 
tle (1815-1842). ^ 

Damay (Charles), the lover and after- 
wards the husband of Lucie Manette. He 
bore a strong likeness to Sydney Carton, 
and was a noble character, worthy of 
Lucie. His real name was Evre'monde. — 
C. Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities (1859.) 

Darnel (Aurelia), a character in Smol- 
let's novel entitled The Adventures of Sir 
Launcelot Greaves (1760). 

Damley, the amant of Charlotte [Lam- 
bert], in The Hypocrite, by Isaac Bicker- 
staff. In Mohere's comedy of Tartuffe, 
Charlotte is called " Mariane," and Darnley 
is "Valere.' 



Dar'-Thnla, daughter of CoUa, and 
"fairest of Erin's maidens." She fell in 
love with Nathos, one of the three sons 
of Usnoth, lord of Etha (in Argyllshire). 
Cairbar, the rebel was also in love with 
her, but his suit was rejected. Nathos 
was made commander of King Cormac's 
army at the death of CuthuUin, and for 
a time upheld the tottering throne. But 
the rebel grew stronger and stronger, and 
at length found means to murder the 
young king; whereupon the army under 
Nathos deserted. Nathos was now obliged 
to quit Ireland, and Dar-Thula fled with 
him. A storm drove the vessel back to 
Ulster, where Cairbar was encamped, and 
Nathos, with his two brothers, being over- 
powered by numbers, fell. Dar-Thula was 
arrayed as a young warrior; but when 
her lover was slain "her shield fell 
from her arm; her breast of snow ap- 
peared, but it was stained with blood. An 
arrow was fixed in her side," and her 
dying blood was mingled with that of 
the three brothers. — Ossian, Dar-Thula 
(founded on the story of "Deirdri," i. 
Trans, of the Gaelic Soc. 

Dar'tle (Bosa), companion of Mrs. 
Steerforth. She loved Mrs. Steerforth's 
son, but her love was not reciprocated. 
Miss Dartle is a vindictive woman, noted 
for a scar on her Hp, which told tales 
when her temper was aroused. This scar 
was from a wound given by young Steer- 
forth, who struck her on the lip when a 
boy.— C. Dickens, David Copperfield (1849). 

Darwin's Missing Link, the link be- 
tween the monkey and man. According 
to Darwin, the present host of animal life 
began from a few elemental forms, which 
developed, and by natural selection pro- 
pagated certain types of animals, while 
others less suited to the battle of life died 





Darby and yoan in High Life 



C. D. Sadler, Artisi 




ARBY anci Joan arc av old-fa. 
any sort. 



"Darby, dear, u'c are old aifH gr^u ; 
Fifty years sr uedding-, ', 

Shadow and sun _^ J i : •'■ '> vems 

roll on ; . 

Darby, dear, when the wortB went wrv. 
Hard and sefrroiifid th-r' was f, — 
Ah, lad. bow you cheered tftejhen : 

' Things will be better; sweet- wife, agaiii, 
Always the same. Dainty my oun. 
Always the same to^^mr oFd wife Joan. 



li u. 



LJigraver 



•ving couple, wholly averse to change of 



' ' 'arby, dear, but my bekrt was wild 
-"-' '''hen we buried our ba^ child, 

{ntil you whispered, ^-Heaven knows 

best! ' and my heart found rest. 
Barby, dear, t' was your loving hand. 
Shewed the way to the better land— 

'h, lad, as you hissed each tear, 
,.ife grfw better and Heaven more near. 



-J 

X 

I 



> 

03 




.^- 



' Hand in ban ' vr life was May, 
Hand in haih r bair is gray, 

Shadow and '.n/i for c'-ery one as the years roll an ,; 
Hand in hand when the lr->ig night-tide ^ 

Gently cavers US side by ide, — 
Ah ! lad, though we know not when. 
Lave will be with us forever then : 
Always the same, Darby my '••'•n. 
Always the same to you^,,ol^wif^ Joan. 



M 



f I 



Weatlmlv's "Darbv and Joan 



»«-"r*.^ va. 



DARWIN'S MlSSma LINK 293 



DAUEA 



out. ^ Thus, beginning with the larvae of 
ascidians (a marine mollusc,) we get by 
development to fish lowly organized (as 
the lancelet), thence to ganoids and other 
fish, then to amphibians. From amphi- 
bians we get to birds and reptiles, and 
thence to mammals, among which comes 
the monkey, between which and man is a 
Missing Link. 

Dashall {The Hon. Tom), cousin of 
Tally-ho. The rambles and adventures 
of these two blades are related by Pierce 
Egan (1821-1822). 

D'Asiimar {Count), an old Nestor who 
fancied nothing was so good as when he 
was a young man. 

"Alas! I see no men nowadays comparable 
to those I knew heretofore ; and the tournaments 
are not performed with half the magnificence as 
when I was a young man. . . ." Seeing some 
fine peaches served up, he observed, "In my 
time, the peaches were much larger than they 
are at present ; natiares degenerates every day." 
"At that rate," said his companion, smhing, 
"the peaches of Adam's time must have been 
wonderfully large." — Lesage, Gil Bias, iv. 7 
(1724). 

Daughter {The), a drama by S. 
Knowles (1836). Marian, "daughter" of 
Robert, once a wrecker, was betrothed 
to Edward, a sailor, who went on his last 
voyage, and intended then to marry her. 
During his absence a storm at sea arose, 
a body was washed ashore, and Robert 
went down to plunder it. Marian went 
to look for her father and prevent his 
robbing those washed ashore by the 
waves, when she saw in the dusk some 
one stab a wrecked body. It was Black 
Norris, but she thought it was her father. 
Robert being taken up Marian gave wit- 
ness against him, and he was condemned 
to death. Norris said he would save her 
father if she would marry him, and to 



this she consented; but on the wedding 
day Edward returned. Norris was taken 
up for murder, and Marian was saved. 

Daughter with , Her Murdered 
Father's Head. Margaret Roper, daugh- 
ter of Sir Thomas More, obtained privately 
the head of her fathei', which had been 
exposed for some days on London Bridge, 
and bm-ied it in St. Dunstan's Church, 
Canterbury (1835). Tennyson aUudes to 
this in the following lines : — 

Morn broadened on the borders of the dark, 
Ere I saw her who clasped in her last trance 
Her miu-dered father's head. 

The head of the young earl of Derwent- 
water was exposed on Temple Bar in 
1716. His wife drove in a cart under the 
the arch, and a man, hired for the pur- 
pose, threw the young earl's head into 
the cart, that it might be decently buried 
— Sir Bernard Burke. 

Mdlle. de Sombreuil, daughter of the 
Comte de Sombreuil, insisted on the shar- 
ing her father's prison during the " Reign 
of Terror," and in accompanying him to 
the guillotine. 

Dauphin {Le Grand), Louis due de 
Bourgoyne, eldest son of Louis XIV., for 
whom was published the Delphine Classics 
(1661-1711). 

Dauphin {Le Petit), son of the " Grand 
Dauphin " (1682-1712). 

Daura, daughter of Armin. She was 
betrothed to Armar, son of Armart, Erath 
a rival lover having been rejected by her. 
One day, disguised as an old grey-beard, 
Erath told Daura that he was sent to con- 
duct her to Armar, who was waiting for 
her. Without suspicion she followed 
her guide, who took her to a rock in the 
midst of the sea, and there left her. Her 
brother Arindal, returning from the chase, 



DAURA 



294 



DAVID SOVINE 



saw J3rath on the shore, and bound him 
to an oak; then pushing off the boat, 
"went to fetch back his sister. At this 
crisis Armar came up, and discharged his 
arrow at Erath; but the arrow struck 
Arindal, and killed him. " The boat broke 
in twain," and Armar plunged into the 
sea to rescue his betrothed ; but a " sud- 
den blast from the hills struck him, and 
he sank to rise no more." Daura was res- 
cued by her father, but she haunted the 
shore aU night in a drenching rain. Next 
day " her voice grew very feeble ; it died 
away ; and spent with grief, she expired." 
Ossian, Songs qfSelma. 

Davenant (Lord), a bigamist. One 
wife was Marianne Dormer, whom he for- 
sook in three months. It was given out 
that he was dead, and Marianne in time 
married Lord Davenant's son. His other 
wife was Louisa Travers, who was en- 
gaged to Captain Dormer, but was told 
that the Captain was faithless and had 
married another. When the villainy of 
his lordship could be no longer concealed 
he destroyed himself. 

Lady Davenant, one of the two wives of 
Lord Davenant. She was "a faultless 
wife," with beauty to attract affection, 
and every womanly grace. 

Charles Davenant, a son of Lord Dave- 
nant, who married Marianne Dormer, his 
father's wife. — Cumberland, The Mysteri- 
ous Husband (1783). 

Davenant ( Will), a supposed descendant 
from Shakespeare, and Wildrake's friend, 
— Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time, the Com- 
monwealth). 

Davenport (Colonel), a Revolutionary 
veteran who, fighting the battle of Long 



Island over again in Parson Cushing's 
family, admits that Greneral Washington 
poured out " a terrible volley of curses." 

" And he swore ? " objects Parson Gushing. 

" It was not profane swearing. It was not 
taking God's name in vain, for it sent us back 
as if we had been chased by hghtning. It was 
an awful hour, and he saw it. It was life or 
death; country or no country." — Harriet 
Beecher Stowe, Poganuc People (1878). 

David, in Dryden's satire of Absalom 
and Achitophel, is meant for Charles II. 
As David's beloved son Absalom rebelled 
against him, so the Duke of Monmouth 
rebelled against his father Charles II. As 
Achitophel was a traitorous counsellor to 
David, so was the Earl of Shaftesbury to 
Charles II. As Hushai outwitted Achito- 
phel, so Hyde (duke of Rochester) out- 
witted the Earl of Shaftesbury, etc., etc. 

Auspicious prince. 

Thy longing country's darling and desire, 
Their cloudy piUar, and their guardian fire . . . 
The people's prayer, the glad diviner's theme, 
The young men's vision and the old men's 
dream. 
Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel, i. (1681). 

David, king of North Wales, eldest son 
of Owen, by his second wife. Owen died 
in 1169. David married Emma Plantage- 
net, a Saxon princess. He slew his 
brother Hoel and his haK-brother Yor- 
worth (son of Owen by his first wife), who 
had been set aside from the succession in 
consequence of a blemish in the face. He 
also imprisoned his brother Rodri, and 
drove others into exile. Madoc, one of 
his brothers, went to America, and estab- 
lished there a Welsh colony. — Southey, 
Madoc (1805). 

David Sovine. Witness in a murder 
case in Edward Eggleston's novel The 
Graysons. He is put upon the stand and 
tells a plausible story of " the shooting, " 



L)^ Artagnan 



J~\ -ARTAGNAN. from his room overhead, hears the sound of 
J-^ a content going on beneath him. He starts to leap from the 

uiiidow i.he more quickly to reach the scene of disorder. His 
valet endeavors to check him. 

"Oh. Monsieur, Monsieur. you will be killed! ' ' cried Planchet. 
"Be quiet, imhecile ! ' ' said d'Artagnan. And clutching the win- 
do. ■ ■ let himself drop from the first story, which, luckily, was not 
lojn. ^^ II iwut giving himself a scratch. 

He immediately tapped on the door, murmuring : 
"Fm in my turn about to let myself be taken in the mouse-trap, 
hut woe to the cats who attack such a mouse! " 

The knocker had hardly sounded under the hand of the young man 
when the tumult ceased, footsteps approached, the door opened and 
d'Artagnan, with hh naked sword, sprang into the apartment of 
Maitrt Bamcieux, 

IkoHos's "Les Trots Mousqueiaim.'' 




D'ARTAGNAN. 



DAVID SOVINE 



295 



DAVUS 



which he claims to have seen. The prose- 
cutor then hands him over to the prison- 
er's counsel, Abraham Lincoln, whose 
cross-examination of the wretched man 
concludes thus : 

" Why does David Sovine go to aU this 
trouble to perjure himself ? Why does he 
wish to swear away the life of that young 
man who never did him any harm ? Be- 
cause that witness shot and kiUed George 
Lockwood himself. I move your honor 
that David Sovine be arrested at once for 
murder I" (1888). 

David Swan. A native of New Hamp- 
shire, born of respectable parents who has 
had a " classic finish " by a year at Grilman- 
ton Academy. He lies down to sleep at 
noon of a Summer's day, pillowing his 
head on a bundle of clothing. While sound 
asleep in the shade, he is passed by many 
people on the road. Five or six pause to 
survey the youth and comment upon him. 
Awakened by the stage-coach, he mounts 
to the top, and bowls away, unconscious 
that a phantom of Wealth, of Love and of 
Death had visited him in the brief hour 
since he lay down to sleep. — ^Nathaniel 
Hawthorn, Twice-told Tales, (1851.) 

David (St.), son of Xantus, prince of 
Cereticu {Cardiganshire) and the nun Ma- 
learia. He was the uncle of King Arthur. 
St. David first embraced the ascetic life in 
the Isle of Wight, but subsequently re- 
moved to Menevia, in Pembrokeshire, 
where he founded twelve convents. In 
577 the archbishop of Caerleon resigned 
his see to him, and St. David removed the 
seat of it to Menevia, which was subse- 
quently called St. David's and became the 
metropolis of Wales. He died at the age 
of 146, in the year 642. The waters of 
Bath "owe their warmth and salutary 



qualities to the benediction of this saictt." 

Drayton says he lived in the valley of 

Ewias (2 syl.), between the hiUs of HatteriU, 

in Monmouthshire. 

Here in an aged cell with moss and ivy grown, 
In which not to this day the sun hath ever 

shown. 
That reverend British saint in zealous ages past, 
To contemplation lived. 

PolyolMon, iv. (1612.) 

David and Jonathan, inseparable 
friends. The allusion is to David the 
Psalmist and Jonathan the son of Saul. 
David's lamentation at the death of Jona- 
than was never surpassed in pathos and 
beauty. — 2 Samuel, i. 19-27. 

Davie Debet, debt. 

So ofte thy neighbors banquet in thy haU, 
Till Davie Debet in thy parler stand, 
And bids the[e] welcome to thine own decay. 
G. Gascoigne, Magnum Vectigal, etc. (died 1775). 

Davie of Stenhouse, a friend of Hob- 
ble EUiott.— Sir W. Scott, The Black 
Dwarf {time, Anne). 

Davies (John), an old fisherman em- 
ployed by Joshua Geddes the quaker. — 
Sir W. Scott, Bedgatmtlet (time, George 
III.). 

Da'vus, a plain, uncouth servitor ; a 
common name for a slave in Greek and 
Eoman plays, as in the Andria of Terence. 

His face made of brass, like a vice in a game. 
His gesture like Davus, whom Terence doth 
name. 

T. Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good 
Husbandry, liv. (1557). 

Davus sum, non (E'dipus. I am a homely 
man, and do not understand hints, in- 
nuendoes, and riddles, hke CEdipus. CEdi- 
pus was the Theban who expounded the 
riddle of the Sphinx, that puzzled all his 



DAVUS 



296 



DAWSON 



countrymen. Davus was tlie stock name 
of a servant or slave in Latin comedies. 
The proverb is used by Terence, Andr'la, 
1, 2, 23. 

Davy, tbe varlet of Justice Sballow, 
who so identifies himself with his master 
that he considers himself half host half 
varlet. Thus when he seats Bardolph and 
Page at table, he tells them they must 
take " his " good will for their assurance 
of welcome. — Shakespeare, 2 Henry IV. 
<1598). 

Daw (Sir David), a rich, dunder-headed 
baronet of Monmouthshire, without wit, 
words, or worth, but believing himseK 
somebody, and fancying himself a sharp 
fellow, because his servants laugh at his 
good sayings, and his mother calls him a 
wag. Sir David pays his suit to Miss 
[Emily] Tempest ;. but as the affections 
of the young lady are fixed on Henry 
Woodville, the baron goes to the wall. — 
Cumberland, The Wheel of Fortune (1779). 

Daw (Marjorie) Edward Delaney, writ- 
ing to another young fellow, John Flem- 
ming, confined in town in August by a 
broken leg, interests him in a charming 
girl, Marjorie Daw by name, whom he has 
met in his (Delaney's) summering-place. 
His description of her ways, sayings and 
looks so works upon the imagination of 
the invalid that he falls madly in love with 
her — without sight. As soon as he can 
travel he rushes madly down to " The 
Pines" where his friend is staying, and 
finds instead of Delaney a letter : 

. .- . "I tried to make a little romance to inter- 
est you, something soothing and idyllic, and by 
Jove ! I've done it only too well ... I fly from 
the wrath to come — when you arrive ! For, 0, 
dear Jack, there isn't any colonial mansion on 
the other side of the road, there isn't any piazza, 



there isn't any hammock, — there isn't any 
Marjorie Daw !" 

Thomas Bailey Aldrich, Marjorie Daw (1873). 

Dawfyd, "the one-eyed" freebooter 
chief. — Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed (time, 
Henry II.). 

Dawkins (Jack), known by the sobri- 
quet of the " Artful Dodger." He is one 
of Fagin's tools. Jack Dawkins is a young 
scamp of unmitigated villainy, and full of 
artifices, but of a cheery, buoyant temper. 
— C. Dickens, Oliver Twist, viii. (1837). 

Dawson {Built/), a London sharper, 
buUy, and debaucheo of the seventeenth 
century. — See Spectator, No. 2. 

BuUy Dawson kicked by half the town, and 
half the town kicked by Bijlly Dawson. — Charles 
Lamb. 

Dawson (Jemmy). Captain James Daw- 
son was one of the eight ofi&cers belonging 
to the Manchester volunteers in the service 
of Charles Edward, the young pretender. 
He was a very amiable young man, 
engaged to a young lady of family and 
fortune, who went in her carriage to wit- 
ness his execution for treason. "When the 
body was drawn, i.e. embowelled, and the 
heart thrown into the fire, she exclaimed, 
"James Dawson!" and expired. Shen- 
stone has made this the subject of a tragic 
ballad. 

Young Dawson was a gaUant youth, 
A brighter never trod the plain ; 

And well he loved one charming maid, 
And dearly was he loved again. 

Shenstone, Jemmy Dawson. 

Dawson (Phcehe), " the pride of Lammas 
Fair," courted by all the smartest young 
men of the village, but caught "by /the 
sparkling eyes" and ardent words of a 
tailor. Phoebe had by him a child before 
marriage, and after marriage he turned 



DAWSON 



297 



DAYS 



a " captious tyrant and a noisy sot." Poor 
Phoebe drooped, " pinched were her looks, 
as one who pined for bread," and in want 
and sickness she sank into an early tomb. 
This sketch is one of the best in Crabbe's 
Parish Register (1807). 

Day {Justice), a pitiable hen-pecked 
husband, who always addresses his wife 
as " duck " or " duckie." 

Mrs. Bay, wife of the "justice," full of 
vulgar dignity, overbearing, and loud. 
She was formerly the kitchen-maid of her 
husband's father; but being raised from 
the kitchen to the parlor, became my lady 
paramount. 

In the comedy from which this farce is 
taken, " Mrs. Day " was the kitchen-maid 
in the family of Colonel Careless, and went 
by the name of Gillian. In her exalted 
state she insisted on being addressed as 
" Your honor " or " Your ladyship." 

Margaret Woflfington [1718-1760], in "Mrs. 
Day," made no scruples to disguise her beautiful 
face by drawing on it the lines of deformity, 
and to put on the tawdry habiliments and vulgar 
manners of an old hypocritical city vixen. — 
Thomas Davies. 

Ahel Day, a puritanical prig, who can 
do nothing without Obadiah. This 
" downright ass " (act i. 1) aspires to the 
hand of the heiress Arabella. — T. Knight, 
The Honest Thieves. 

This farce is a mere rechauffe of The 
Committee, a comedy by the Hon. Sir R. 
Howard (1670). The na«nes of "Day," 
" Obadiah," and " Arabella " are the same. 

Day {Ferquhard), the absentee from the 
clan Chattan ranks at the conflict. — Sir 
"W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry 
IV.). 

Day of the Dupes, November 11, 
1630. The dupes were Marie de Medicis, 



Anne of Austria, and Graston, due d'Or- 
leans, who were outwitted by Cardinal 
Richelieu. The plotters had induced 
Louis XIII. to dismiss his obnoxious 
minister, whereupon the cardinal went at 
once to resign the seals of office ; the king 
repented, re-established the cardinal, and 
he became more powerful than ever. 

Days Recurrent in the Lives of 
Great men. 

Becket. Tuesday was Becket's day. 
He was born on a Tuesday, and on a 
Tuesday was assassinated. He was bap- 
tized on a Tuesday, took his flight from 
Northampton on a Tuesday, withdrew 
to France on a Tuesday, had his vision of 
martydom on a Tuesday, returned to En- 
gland on a Tuesday, his body was re- 
moved from the crypt to the shrine on a 
Tuesday, and on Tuesday (April 13, 1875) 
Cardinal Manning consecrated the new 
church dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket. 

Cromwell's day was September 3. On 
September 3, 1650, he won the battle of 
Dunbar; on September 3, 1651, he won 
the battle of Worcester ; on September 3, 
1658, he died. 

Harold's day was October 14. It was 
his birthday, and also the day of his 
death. William the Conqueror was born 
on' the same day, and, on October 14, 
1066, won England by conquest. 

Napoleon's day was August 15, his 
birthday ; but his " lucky " day, like that 
of his nephew. Napoleon III., was the 2nd 
of the month. He was made consul for 
hfe on August 2, 1802; was crowned 
December 2, 1804 ; won his greatest bat- 
tle, that of Austerlitz, for which he ob- 
tained the title of " Q-reat," December 2, 
1805 ; married the archduchess of Austria, 
April 2, 1810 ; etc. 

Napoleon III. The coup d^etat was 



DAYS 



298 



DEAN OF ST. PATRICK 



December 2, 1851. Louis Napoleon was 
made emperor December 2, 1852; lie 
opened, at Saarbriick, the Franco-German 
war August 2, 1870 ; and surrendered his 
sword to William of Prussia, September 
2, 1870. 

Dazzle, in London Assurance, by D. 
Boucicault. 

"Dazzle" and "Lady Gay Spanker" "act 
themselves," and will never be dropped out of 
the hst of acting plays. — Percy Fitzgerald. 

De Bourgo (William), brother of the 
earl of Ulster and commander of the En- 
glish forces that defeated Felim O'Connor 
(1315) at Athunree, in Connaught. 

Why tho' fallen her brother kerne [Irish infan- 
try] 
Beneath De Bourgo's battle stem. 

Campbell, O'Connor's Child. 

De Courcy, in a romance called 
Women, by the Rev. C. R. Maturin. An 
Irishman, made up of contradictions and 
improbabilities. He is in love with Zaira, 
a brilliant Italian, and also with her un- 
known daughter, called Eva Wentworth, 
a model of purity. Both women are 
blighted by his inconstancy. Eva dies, 
but Zaira lives to see De Courcy perish of 
remorse (1822). 

De Glard, a noble staid gentleman, 
newly lighted from his travels; brother 
of Oria'na, who " chases " Mi'rabel " the 
wild goose," and catches him. — Beaumont 
and Fletcher, The Wild-goose Chase (1652), 

De I'Epfee (Abhe). Seeing a deaf and 
dumb lad abandoned in the streets of 
Paris, he rescues him, and brings him up 
under the name of Theodore. The found- 
ling turned out to be Julio, count of Har- 
ancour. 

" In your opinion, who is the greatest genius 
that I^ance has ever produced?" "Science 



would decide for D'Alembert, Nature [would] 
say Buffon; Wit and Taste [would] present 
Voltaire; and Sentiment plead for Eousseau; 
but Grenius and Humanity cry out for De I'Epee, 
and him I call the best and greatest of human 
creatures." — Th. Holcroft, The Deaf and Dumb, 
iii. 2. (1785). 

De Valmont {Count), father of Florian 
and uncle of Geraldine. During his 
absence in the wars, he left his kinsman, 
the Baron Longueville, guardian of his 
castle ; but under the hope of coming into 
the property, the baron set fire to the 
castle, intending thereby to kill the wife 
and her infant boy. When De Valmont 
returned and knew his losses, he became 
a wayward recluse, querulous, despondent, 
frantic at times, and at times most melan- 
choly. He adopted an infant " found in a 
forest," who turned out to be his son. His 
wife was ultimately found, and the vil- 
lainy of Longueville was brought to 
hght. — W. Dimond, The Foundling of the 
Forest. 

Many " De Valmonts " I have witnessed in 
fifty-four years, but have never seen the equal 
of Joseph George Holman [1764-1817].— 
Donaldson. 

Deaf and Dumb {The), a comedy by 
Thomas Holcroft. " The deaf and dumb " 
boy is Julio, count of Harancour, a ward 
of M. Darlemont, who, in order to get 
possession of his ward's property, aban- 
dons him when very young in the streets 
of Paris. Here he is rescued by the Abb6 
De I'Epfee, who iDrings him up under the 
name of Theodore. The boy being recog- 
nized by his old nurse and others, Darle- 
mont confesses his crime, and Julio is re- 
stored to his rank and inheritance. — Th. 
Holcroft, The Deaf and Dumb (1785). 

Dean of St. Patrick {The), Jonathan 
Swift, who was appointed to the deanery in 



Kffie Deans and her Sister in 
the Prison 

R. Htrdman, Artist James Fatd, Engraver 



7 E AN IE DEANS was admitted into the jail by RatcUffe. Rat- 
cliffe marshalled her the way to the apartment where Effie was 
confined. The sisters walked together to the side of the pallet 
bed, and sat down side by side, took hold of each others' hands and 
looked each other in the face, but without speaking a word. In this 
posture they remained for a minute, while the gleam of joy gradually 
faded from their features, and gave way to the most intense expression, 
first of melancholy and then of agony, till, throwing themselves again 
into each others' arms, they, to use the language of scripture, lifted up 
their voices and wept bitterly. Even the hard-hearted turnkey, who had 
spent his life in scenes calculated to stifle both constience and feeling, 
could not witness this scene without a touch of human sympathy. 

Scott's "Heart of Midlothian. " 



DEAN OF ST. PATRICK 



299 DEATH FEOM STRAiTGE CAUSES 



1713, and retained it till his death (1667- 
1745). 

Deans {Douce Davie), the cowherd at 
Edinburgh, noted for his religious peculiar- 
ities, his magnanimity in affection, and his 
eccentricities. 

Mistress Rebecca Deans, Douce Davie's 
second wife. 

Jeanie Deans, daughter of Douce Davie 
Deans, by his first wife. She marries 
Reuben Butler, the Presbyterian minister. 
Jeanie Deans is a model of good sense, 
strong affection, resolution, and disinter- 
estedness. Her journey from Edinburgh 
to London is as interesting as that of 
Elizabeth from Siberia to Moscow, or of 
Bunyan's pilgrim. 

JEffie [E^ipJiemia] Deans, daughter of 
Douce Davie Deans, by his second wife. 
She is betrayed by Greorge [afterward Sir 
Greorge] Staunton (called Geordie Robertson) 
and imprisoned for chUd-murder. Jeanie 
goes to the queen and sues for pardon, 
which is vouchsafed to her, and Staunton 
does what he can to repair the mischief he 
has done by marrying Effie, who thus be- 
comes Lady Staunton. Soon after this 
Sir Greorge is shot by a gypsy boy, who 
proves to be his own son, and Effie retires 
to a convent on the Continent. — Sir W. 
Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, George 

n.). 

*** J. E. Millais has a picture of Effie 
Deans keeping tryst with George Staun- 
ton. 

*#* The prototype of Jeanie Deans was 
Helen Walker, to whose memory Sir W. 
Scott erected a tombstone in Irongray 
churchyard (Kirkcudbright). 

Dean (Elder). Rigid and puritaincal 



church official who brings a charge of 
heretical opinions and blacksliding against 
his pastor's wife in John Ward, Preacher, 
Margaret Deland (1888). 

Death or Mors. So did Tennyson call 
Sir Ironside the Red Knight of the Red 
Lands, who kept Lyonors (for Li^nes) 
captive in Castle Perilous. The name 
" Mors," which is Latin, is very inconsis- 
tent with a purely British tale, and of 
course does not appear in the original 
story. — Tennyson, Idylls (" Gareth and 
Lynette ") ; Sir T. Msloxj, History of Prince 
Arthur, i. 134-137 (1470). 

Death from Strange Causes. 

^SCHYLUS was kiUed by the fall of a tor- 
toise on his head from the claws of an 
eagle in the air. — Pliny, Hist. vii. 7. 

Agath'ocles (4 syl.), tyrant of Sicily, was 
killed by a tooth-pick, at the age of 95. 

Anaceeon was choked by a grape stone. 
— Pliny, Hist. vii. 7. 

Bassus {Q.Lucilius) died from the prick 
of a fine needle in his left thumb. 

Chalchas, the soothsayer, died of 
laughter at the thought of his having out- 
lived the time predicted for his death. 

Chables VIII., conducting his queen in- 
to a tennis-court, struck his head against 
the lintel, and it caused his death. 

Fabius, the Roman prgetor, was choked 
by a single goat-hair in the milk which 
he was drinking. — Pliny, Hist. vii. 7. 

Fkedeeick Lewis, prince of "Wales, died 
from the blow of a cricket ball. 

Itadach died of thirst in the harvest field, 
because (in observance of the rule of St. 
Patrick) he refused to drink a drop of any- 
thing. 

Louis VI. met with his death from a pig 
running under his horse, and causing it to 
stumble. 



DEATH FROM STRANGE CAUSES 300 



DEBORAH 



Makgutte died of laughter on seeing a 
monkey trying to pull on a pair of his boots. 

Philom'enes (4 syl.) died of laughter at 
seeing an ass eating the figs provided for 
his own dessert.— Valerius Maximus. 

Placut {Phillipot) dropped down dead 
while in the act of paying a bill. — Backa- 
berry the elder. 

QuENELAULT, a Normau physician of 
Montpellier, died from a slight wound 
made in his hand in the extraction of a 
splinter. 

Saufeius (Spurius) was choked supping 
up the albumen of a soft-boiled egg. 

Zeuxis, the painter, died of laughter at 
sight of a hag which he had just depicted. 

Death Ride {The), the charge of the 
Light Brigade at Balaklava, October 25, 
185-1:. In this action 600 English horsemen, 
under the earl of Cardigan, charged a Rus- 
sian force of 5000 cavalry and six battal- 
ions of infantry. They galloped through 
the battery of thirty guns, cutting down 
the artillerymen, and through the cavalry, 
but then discovered the battalions and cut 
their way back again. Of the 670 who 
advanced to this daring charge, not 200 
returned. This reckless exploit was 
the result of some misunderstanding in 
an order from the commander-in-chief. 
Tennyson has a poem on the subject called 
The Charge of the Light Brigade. 

For chivalrous defvotion and daring, "the 
Death Ride" of the Light Brigade will not easily 
be paralleled.— Sir Edw. Creasy, The Fifteen De- 
cisive Battles (preface). 

De Bergerac {Cyrano). The hero of 
Rostand's first great play. His most strik- 
ing feature is his abnormally large nose, 
concerning which he is so sensitive that 
he is constantly finding references to it in 
the casual speech of strangers and acquain- 
tances. Such fancied insults he always 



resents fiercely. A soldier and a poet, he 
is desperately in love with his kinswoman 
Roxane, the heautitul precieuse, who, in her 
turn, loves Christian de Neuvillette, a hand- 
some man, but deficient in the rhetoric 
Roxane demands in her lover. In Cyrano's 
desire to make Roxane happy, he writes 
Christian's love-letters for him, putting 
into them the poetical fancies, and phrases 
which he himself has in plenty, but that 
Christian lacks the power to express. He 
also prompts Christian in a night inter- 
view with Roxane on her balcony, and as 
this method of assistance results in a halt- 
ing delivery on the part of Christian, 
Cyrano, under cover of the darkness, does 
the verbal love-making himself, letting 
Christian receive the kiss with which 
Roxane finally rewards his supposed elo- 
quence. Later, Cyrano arranges a stolen 
marriage between Roxane and Christian, 
and, when the latter goes to war, watches 
over him and writes daily letters to his 
wife. When Christian has been killed in 
battle, Cyrano still keeps up the illusion, 
and for years visits Roxane simply as her 
devoted friend and the friend of her dead 
husband. Just before the death of Cyrano 
by a cowardly attack from the enemies he 
has gained through a reckless bravery that 
amounts to foolhardiness, Roxane learns 
the truth.— Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de 
Bergerac (1897). 

Deb'on, one of the companions of Brute. 
According to British fable, Devonshire is 
a corruption of " Debon's-share," or the 
share of the country assigned to Debon. 

Deborah Dehbitch, governante at 
Lady Peveril's.— Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the 
Peak (time, Charles II.). 

Deborah Woodhouse. The practical 
sister of the spinster pair who cherish (re- 



Cyrano Prompting Christian 



^ 



^ 



^^HRISTIAN, having been summoned to a rende:(vous by bis beloved, 
y^ Roxane, pleases her so little by his inability to put his passion for her 
into sounding phrases, that she dismisses him in -disgust and retires into 
the house. Christian appeals to Cyrano to help him, and when Roxane 
appears on her balcony, Christian, prompted by Cyrano^ makes ardent love 
to her in the euphuiitic phrases dear to her soul. The necessity of repealing 
Cyrano's- words, a clause at a time, gives Christian a baiting delivery that 
provokes Roxane' s criticism. Cyrano therefore speaks the glowing words 
which are supposed to be prompted by Christian' s passion, the latter acting 
the part of the lover, while Cyrano, concealed in the shadow of the balcony, 
renders thelites. The whisper in vhich they are spoken disguises Cyrano's 
voice_, and Roxane, from the pctl^cony above, is unable in the dim light to 
discover that the actor is not the speaker. 

Rostand's " Cyrano de Bergerac. ' ' 



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DEBORAH 



301 DEFENDER OF THE FAITH 



spectively) a secret attachment for Mr. 
Dermer. Miss Deborah is an admirable 
cook and an affectionate aunt, and considers 
that in religion a woman ought to think 
just as hei' husband does.— Margaret De- 
land, John Ward, I'reachcr (1888). 

December. A mother laments in the 

/ Darkest of all Decembers 

Ever her life has known 

the death of two sons, one of whom fell 
in battle, while the other perished at sea. 

Ah, faint heart ! in thy anguish 
What is there left to thee ? 
Onh- the sea intoning, 
Only the wainscot-mouse, 
Onty the wild wind moaning 
Over the lonely house ! 
Thomas Bailey Aldrich, Fiwiiis (1882). 

De'ciiis, friend of Antin'ous (4 s///.),— 
Beaumont and Fletcher, Laws of Cunily 
(1647). 

Dedlock {Sir Leicester), hart., who has a 
general opinion that the world might get 
on without hills, but would be " totally 
done up" without Dedlocks. He loves 
Lady Dedlock, and believes in her impli- 
citly. Sir Leicester is honorable and truth- 
ful, but intensely prejudiced, immovably 
obstinate, and proud as "county" can 
make a man ; but his pride has a most 
dreadful fall when the guilt of Lady Ded- 
lock becomes known. 

Volumnia Dedlock, cousin of Sir Lei- 
cester. A "young" lady of 60, given to 
rouge, pearl-powder, and cosmetics. She 
has a habit of prying into the concerns of 
others.— C. Dickens, Bleak House (1853). 

Deerfleld. The particulars of the cap- 
tivity of the Williams family of Deerfield 
(Mass.) are told by John Williams, the 
head of the household. The Indians en- 



tered the town before dawn Feb. 29, 1703, 
broke into the house, murdered two chil- 
dren and a servant and carried the rest 
into the wilderness. Mrs. Williams, being 
weak from a recent illness, was killed on 
the journey.— John Williams, The lie- 
deemed Captive Returnirifj to Zion (1707). 

Deerslayer {The), the title of a novel 
by J. F. Cooper, and the nickname of its 
hero, Natty pr Nathaniel Bumppo. He 
is a model uncivilized man, honorable, 
truthful, and brave, pure of heart and 
without reproach. 

Defarge {Mons.), keeper of a wine shop 
in the Faubourg St. Antoine, in Paris. 
He is a bull-necked, good-humored, but 
implacable-looking man. 

]\[de. Defarge, his wife, a dangerous 
woman, with great force of character; 
everlastingly knitting. 

Mde. Defarge had a watchful eye that seldom 
seemed to look at anything. — C. Dickens, A Tale 
of Two Cities, i. 5 (185,9). 

Defender of the Faith, the title first 
given to Henry VIII. by Pope Leo X., for 
a volume against Luther, in defence of 
pardons, the papacy, and the seven sacra- 
ments. The original volume is in the 
Vatican, and contains this inscription in 
the king's handwriting: Anglorum rex 
Hoirleus, Leoiti X. niittit hoc opus et ficlei 
testem et amiciticc ; whereupon the pope (in 
the twelfth year of his reign) conferred 
upon Henry, by bull, the title " Fidei De- 
fensor," and commanded all Christians so 
to address him. The original bull was 
preserved by Sir Robert Cotton, and is 
signed by the pope, four bishop-cardinals, 
fifteen priest-cardinals, and eight deacon- 
cardinals. A complete copy of the bull, 
with its seals and signatures, may be seen 



DEFENDER OF THE FAITH 



302 



DELLA CRUSCA SCHOOL 



in Seidell's Titles of Honor, v. 53-57 
(1672). 

Defoe writes The History of the Plague 
of London as if he had been a personal 
spectator, but he was only three years old 
at the the time (1663--1731). 

Deggial, antichrist. The Mohamme- 
dan writers say he has bnt one eye and 
one eyebrow, and on his forehead is writ- 
ten Cater (" infidel.") 

Chilled with terror, we concluded that the 
Deggial, with his exterminating angels, had sent 
forth their plagues on the earth. — W. Beckford, 
Vathelc (1784). 

Deird'ri, an ancient Irish story similar 
to the Dar-Thula of Ossian. Conor, king 
of Ulster, puts to death by treachery the 
three sons of Usnach. This leads to the 
desolating war against Ulster, which ter- 
minates in the total destruction of Eman. 
This is one of the three tragic stories of 
the Irish, which are : (1) The death of the 
children of Touran (regarding Tnatha de 
Danans) ; (2) the death of the children of 
Lear or Lir, turned into swans by Aoife ; 
(3) the death of the children of Usnach (a 
" Milesian " story). 

Dek'albrist, a Decembrist, from Dekaber, 
the Russian for December. It denotes 
those persons who suffered death or cap- 
tivity for the part they took in the mili- 
tary conspiracy which broke out in St. 
Petersburg in December, 1825, on the 
accession of Czar Nicholas to the throne. 

Dela'da, the tooth of Buddah, preserved 
in the Malegawa temple at Kandy. The 
natives guard it with the greatest jealousy, 
from a belief that whoever possesses it 
acquires the right to govern Ceylon. 
When the English (in 1815) obtained pos- 



session of this palladium, the natives 
submitted without resistance. 

Delaserre (Captain Philip), a friend of 
Harry Bertram. — Sir "W. Scott, Guy Man- 
nering (time, George II.). 

De'lia, Diana ; so called from the island 
Delos, where she was born. Similarly, 
Apollo was called Delius. Milton says 
that Eve, e'en 

Delia's self, 
In gait surpassed and goddess-like deport, 
Though not as she with bow and quiver armed. 
Paradise Lost, ix. 338, etc. (1665). 

Delia, any female sweetheart. She is 
one of the shepherdesses in Virgil's 
Eclogues. Tibullus, the Roman poet, calls 
his lady-love " Delia," but what her real 
name was is not certain. 

Delia, the lady-love of James Hammond's 
elegies, was Miss Dashwood, who died in 
1779. She rejected his suit, and died 
unmarried. In one of the elegies the poet 
imagines himself married to her, and that 
they were living happily together till death, 
when pitying maids would tell of their 
wondrous loves. 

Delian King (The). Apollo or the sun 
is so called in the Orphic hymn. 

Oft as the Delian king with Sirius holds 
The central heavens. 

Akenside, ffymn to the Naiads (1767). 

Delight of Mankind [The), Titus the 
Roman emperor, A. D. 40, 79-81). 

Titus indeed gave one short evening gleam, 
More cordial felt, as in the midst it spread 
Of storm and horror : " The Delight of Men." 
Thomson, Liberty, iii. (1725). 

Delia Crusca School, originally ap- 
plied in 1582 to a society in Florence, 



DELLA CEUSCA SCHOOL 



303 



DEMOCEITOS 



established to purify tlie national language 
and sift from it all its impurities; but 
applied in England to a brotherhood of 
poets (at the close of the last century) 
under the leadership of Mrs. Piozzi. This 
school was conspicuous for affectation and 
high-flown panegyrics on each other. It 
was stamped out by Gifford, in The Baviad, 
in 1794, and The Mceviad, in 1796. Eobert 
Merry, who signed himself Delia Crusca, 
James Cobb, a farce- writer, James Boswell 
(biographer of Dr. Johnson), O'Keefe, 
Morton, Reynolds, Holcroft, Sheridan, 
Cohnan the younger, Mrs. H. Cowley, and 
Mrs. Eobinson were its best exponents. 

Del'phine, (2 syl.), the heroine and title 
of a novel by Mde. de Stael. Delphine is 
a charming character, who has a faithless 
lover, and dies of a broken heart. This 
novel, like Corbnie, was written during her 
banishment from France by Napoleon I., 
when she travelled in Switzerland and 
Italy. It is generally thought that " Del- 
phine " was meant for the authoress her- 
self (1802). 

Delphine Classics {The), a set of Latin 

classics edited in France for the use of the 
grand dauphin (son of Louis XIV.). Huet 
was chief editor, assisted by Montausier 
and Bossuet. They had thirty-nine 
scholars working under them. The in- 
dexes of these classics are veiy valuable. 

Delta [a] of Blackwood is D. M. Moir 
(1798-1851). 

Del'ville (2 syl), one of the guardians 
of CecUia. He is a man of wealth and 
great ostentation, with a haughty humility 
and condescending pride, especially in his 
intercourse with his social inferiors. — Miss 
Burney, Cecilia (1782). 



Deme'tia, South Wales; the inhabit- 
ants are called Demetians. 

• 

Denevoir, the seat of the Demetian king. 
Drayton, Polyolhion, v. (1612). 

Deme'trius, a young Athenian, to 
whom Egeus (3 syl.) promised his daugh- 
ter Hermia in marriage. As Hermia 
loved Lysander, she refused to marry 
Demetrius, and fled from Athens with 
Lysander. Demetrius went in quest of 
her, and was followed by Hel'ena, who 
doted on him. AU four fell asleep, and 
" dreamed a dream " about the fairies. 
On waking, Demetrius became more 
reasonable. He saw that HerMa disliked 
him, but that Helena loved him sincerely, 
so he consented to forego the one and 
take to wife the other. When Egeus, the 
father of Hermia, found out how the case 
stood, he consented to the union of his 
daughter with Lysander. — Shakespeare, 
Midsummer NighPs Dream (1592). 

Deme'trius, in The Poetaster, by Ben 
Jonson, is meant for John Marston (died 
1633). 

Deme'trius, {4:'syl.), son of King Antig'- 
onus, in love with Celia, alias Enan'the. 
— Beaupaont and Fletcher, The Humorous 
Lieutenant (1647). 

Deme'trius, a citizen of Greece during 
the reign of Alexius Comnenus. — Sir W. 
Scott, Count Bobert of Paris (time, Eufus). 

Demiurgus, that mysterious agent 
which, according to Plato, made the world 
and all that it contains. The Logos or 
"Word" of St. John's Gospel (ch. i. 1) is ' 
the demiurgus of platonizing Christians. 

Democ'ritos (in Latin Democritus), the 
laughing or scoffing philosopher, the Friar 
Bacon of his age. To " dine with Democ'- 



DEMOCRITOS 



304 



DENNIS 



ritos" is to go witliout dinner, the same 
as "dining with Duke Humphrey," or 
''dining with the cross-legged knights." 

People think that we [authors] often dine with 
Democritos, but there they are mistaken. There 
is not one of the fraternity who is not welcome 
to some good table. — Lesage, Gil Bias, xii. 7 
(1735). 

Democritus Junior, Robert Burton, 
author of The Anatomy of Melancholy 
(1576-1640). 

Demod'ocos (in Latin Demodocus), 
bard of Alcin'ous (4 syl.) king of the 
Phsea'cians. 

Such as the wise Demodicos once told 
In solemn songs at King Alcinous' feast, 
While sad Ulysses' soul and all the rest 
Are held, with his melodious harmony, 
In "wiUing chains and sweet captivity. 

Milton, Vacation Exercise (1627). 

Dem'ogor'gon, tyrant of the elves and 
fays, whose very name inspired terror; 
hence Milton speaks of " the dreaded name 
of Demogorgon" {Paradise Lost, ii. 965). 
Spenser says he " dwells in the deep abyss 
where the three fatal sisters dwell " {Faery 
Queen, iv. 2) ; but Ariosto says he inhab- 
ited a splendid palace on the Himalaya 
Mountains. Demogorgon is mentioned 
by Statius in the Thebaid, iv. 516. 

He's the firstbegotten of Beelzebub, with a 
face as terrible as Demogorgon. — Dryden, The 
Spanish Fryar, v. 2 (1680). 

Demon. Increase Mather tells a long 
and circumstantial story of The Demon at 
William Morse His Home, time of visita- 
tion being 1679. " The true story of these 
strange disturbances is as yet not certainly 
known," he says. " Some (as has been 
hinted), did suspect Morse's wife to be 
guUty of witchcraft." — Increase Mather, 
An Essay for the Recording of Illustrious 
Providences (1681). 



Demoph'oSn (4 syl.) was brought up 
by Demeter, who anointed him with 
ambrosia and plunged him every night 
into the fire. One day, his mother, out of 
curiosity, watched the proceeding, and 
was horror-struck; whereupon Demeter 
told her that her foolish curiosity had 
robbed her son of immortal youth. 

*#* This story is also told of Isis. — Plu- 
tarch, Be Isid. et Osirid., xvi. 357. 

*#*A similar story is told of Achilles. 
His mother Thet'is was taking similar 
precautions to render him immortal, when 
his father Pe'leus (2 syl.) interfered. — 
ApoUonius Rhodius, Argonautic Exp., iv. 
866. 

Demos'thenes of the Pulpit. Dr. 

Thomas RenneU, dean of Westminster, 
was so caHedby WiUiam Pitt (1753-1840). 

Dendin {Peter), an old man, who had 
settled more disputes than aU the magis- 
trates of Poitiers, though he was no judge. 
His plan was to wait till the litigants were 
thoroughly sick of their contention, and 
longed to end their disputes; then he 
would interpose, and his judgment could 
not fail to be acceptable. 

Tenot Dendin, son of the above, but, un- 
like the father, he always tried to crush 
quarrels in the bud; consequently, he 
never succeeded in settling a single dispute 
submitted to his judgment. — ^Rabelais, 
Pantagruel, iii. 41 (1545). 

(Racine has introduced the same name 
into his comedy called Les Plaideurs (1669), 
and Lafontaine in his Fables 1668). 

Dennet {Father), an old peasant at the 
Lists of St. George. — Sir W. Scott, Ivan- 
hoe (time, Richard I.). 

Dennis the hangman, one of the ring- 



Madame Derblay Stops the Duel 



Entile Bayard, Artist 



]\ /T^^- DERBLAY {Claire), knowing that her husband and her former 
J. VJ. betrothed, the Due de Bligny, are to fight a duel, conceals herself in 
the small summer-house overlooking the field of battle. 

" ' Are you ready, gentlemen ? ' asked La Brede in a firm voice. 

" ' Yes, ' replied the Due and Philippe, simultaneously. La Brede at 
once resumed, counting slowly : 

" ' One two three four ! ' 

" Claire saw the two pistols lowered threateningly. At this supreme 
moment she lost all self-control. An irresistible impulse urged her forward, 
and with a shriek she bounded down the steps, and, eager to save Philippe, 
clapped her hand upon the mu^le of Bligny' s pistol. A loud report was 
beard, and Claire turned as pale as death itself. Excitedly waving her 
gashed and bleeding hand, she shook it in Bligny' s face, covering him with 
blood. Then heaving a deep sigh, she tottered and fainted away. 

" There was a moment of indescribable confusion. The Due had 

retreated, horror-stricken, when he felt this warm rain of blood upon his face. 

Philippe had darted forward, caught hold of Claire and taken her in his 

arms. ' ' 

Georges Ohnet's " The Ironmaster." 




MADAME DERBLAY STOPS THE DUEL. 



DENNIS 



305 



DANIEL DEEONDA 



leaders of the " No Popery iliots ; " the 
other two were Hugh, servant of the May- 
pole inn, and the half-witted Barnaby 
Rudge. Dennis was cheerful enough 
when he " turned ofE" others, but when he 
himself ascended the gibbet he showed a 
most groveUing and craven spirit. — C. 
Dickens, Baniabi/ Rudge (1841). 

Dennis (John), " the best abused man in 
English literature." Swift lampooned 
him; Pope assaUed him in the Essay on 
Criticism; and finally he was " damned 
to everlasting fame " in the JDunciad. He 
is called " Zo'ilus " (1657-1733). 

Dennison {Jenny), attendant on Miss 
Edith Bellenden. She marries Cuddle 
Headrigg. — Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality 
(time, Charles II.). 

Dermer {Mr.), a little bachelor lawyer, 
whose face has " a pinched, wistful look " 
under the curls of his brown wig. He 
lives in a dreary house, with a testy house- 
keeper, and a timid little nephew-ward, 
and spends many of his lonely hours in try- 
ing to decide if he loves Miss Deborah 
Woodhouse the utilitarian, or aesthetic 
Miss Ruth. On his death-bed, he gives 
an old daguerreotype of himself to Miss 
Ruth. 

" Not that I have — ^have changed my mind, 
but it is not improper, I am sure that Miss De- 
borah's sister should give me — ^if she will be 
so good — her hand, that I may say " good- 
bye" — Margaret Deland, John Ward, Preacher 
(1888). 

D'^on cle Beaumont {Le Chevalier), a 
person notorious for the ambiguity of his 
sex ; said to be the son of an advocate. 
His face was pretty, without beard, mous- 
tache, or whiskers. Louis XV. sent him 
as a woman to Russia on a secret mission, 
and he presented himself to the czarina as 



a woman (1756). In the Seven Years' 
War he was appointed captain of dra- 
goons. In 1777 he assumed the dress of a 
woman again, which he maintained tiU 
death (1728-1810). 

Derby {Earl of), third son of the Earl 
of Lancaster, and near kinsman of Ed- 
ward III. His name was Henry Plantage- 
net, and he died 1362. Henry Plantage- 
net, earl of Derby, was sent to protect 
Guienne, and was noted for his humanity 
no less than for his bravery. He defeated 
the Comte de I'Isle at Bergerac, reduced 
Perigord, took the castle of Auberoche, in 
Gascony, overthrew 10,000 French with 
only 1000, taking prisoners nine earls and 
nearly all the barons, knights, and squires 
(1345). Next year he took the fortresses 
of Monsegur, Montpezat, ViUefranche, 
Miraumont, Tonneins, Damazin, Aiguillon, 
and Reole. 

That most deserving Earl of Derby, we prefer 
Henry's third valiant son, the Earl of Lancaster, 
That only Mars of men. 

Dayton, PolyoTMon, xviii. (1613). 

Derby {Countess of), Charlotte de la Tre- 
mouille, Countess of Derby and Queen of 
Man. 

Philip {ea/rl of Derby), King of Man, son 
of the countess. — Sir "W. Scott, Peveril of 
the Peak (time, Charles II.). 

Daniel Deronda, pure young feUow 
whose influence for good over men and 
women is marvellous, and explicable only 
upon the principle that virtue is mightier 
than vice. " You could not have seen his 
face thoroughly meeting yours without 
believing that human creatures had done 
nobly in times past and might do more 
nobly in time to come." — George Eliot, 
Daniel Deronda. 



DERRICK 



306 



DESERTER 



Der'rick, hangman in the first haK of 
the seventeenth century. The crane for 
hoisting goods is called a derrick, from 
this hangman. 

Derrick (Faith). The rural heroine of 
Susan Warner's novel Say and Seal (1860). 

Derrick {Tom), quarter-master of the 
pirate's vessel. — Sir W. Scott, The Pirate 
(time, WiUiam III.). 

Derry Down Triangle {The), Lord 
Castlereagh; afterwards marquis of Lon- 
donderry; so called by William Hone. 
The first word is a pun on the title, the 
second refers to his lordship's oratory, 
a triangle being the most feeble, mono- 
tonous, and unmusical of all musical in- 
struments. Tom Moore compares the 
oratory of Lord Castlereagh to "water 
spouting from a pump." 

Q. Why is a pump like viseount Castlereigh ? 

A. Because it is a slender thing of wood, 
That up and down its awkward arm doth sway, 

And coolly spout, and spout, and spout away, 
In one weak, washy, everlasting flood. 

T. Moore. 

Dervish (" a poor man "), a sort of relig- 
ious friar or mendicant among the Moham- 
medans. 

Desborough {Colonel), one of the par- 
liamentary commissioners. — Sir W. Scott, 
Woodstock (time. Commonwealth). 

Desdemo'na, daughter of Brabantio, 
a Venetian senator, in love with Othello 
the Moor (general of the Venetian army). 
The Moor loves her intensely, and marries 
her; but lago, by artful villainy, induces 
him to believe that she loves Cassio too 
weU. After a violent conflict between 
love and jealousy, Othello smothers her 
with a bolster, and then stabs himself. — 
Shakespeare, Othello (1611.) 



The soft simplicity of Desdemona, confident 
of merit and conscious of innocence, her artless 
perseverance in her suit, and her slowness to 
suspect that she can be suspected, are proofs 
of Shakespeare's skill in human nature. — Dr. 
Johnson. 

Desert Fairy {The). This fairy was 
guarded by two Hons, that could be 
pacified only by a cake made of millet, 
sugar-candy, and crocodiles' eggs. The 
Desert Fairy said to AUfair, " I swear 
by my coif you shall marry the Yellow 
Dwarf, or I will burn my crutch." — 
Comtesse D'Aunoy, Fairy Tales ("The 
YeUow Dwarf," 1682). 

Deserted Daughter {The), a comedy 
by Holcroft. Joanna was the daughter 
of Mordent, but her mother died, and 
Mordent married Lady Anne. In order 
to do so he ignored his daughter and had 
her brought up by strangers, intending 
to apprentice her to some trade. Item, a 
money-lender, acting on the advice of 
Mordent, lodges the girl with Mrs. Enfield, 
a crimp, where Lennox is introduced to 
her, and obtains Mordent's consent to run 
away with her. In the interim Cheveril 
sees her, falls in love with her, and 
determines to marry her. Mordent re- 
pents, takes the girl home, acknowledges 
her to be his daughter, and she becomes 
the wife of the gallant young Cheveril 
(1784). 

*«* This comedy has been recast, and 
called The Steward. 

Deserter {The), a musical drama by 
Dibdin (1770). Henry, a soldier, is en- 
gaged to Louisa, but during his absence 
some rumors of gallantry to his disad- 
vantage reach the village, and to test his 
love, Louisa in pretence goes with Simkin 
as if to be married. Henry sees the 
procession, is told it is Louisa's wedding 



DESEETER 



307 



DEVIL 



day, and in a fit of desperation gives 
himself up as a deserter, and is con- 
demned to death. Lousia goes to the 
king, explains the whole affair, and re- 
turns "with his pardon as the muffled 
drums begin to beat. 

Desmas. The repentant thief is so 
called in The Story of Joseph of Arimathea; 
but Dismas in the apocryphal Gospel of 
Nicodemus. LongfeUow, in The Golden 
Legend, calls him Dumachus. The impeni- 
tent thief is called Grestas, but LongfeUow 
calls him Titus. 

Imparibus meritis pendent tria corpora rands : 
Dismas et Gesmas, media est Divina Potestas ; 
Alta petit Dismas, inf elix infima Gesmas ; 
Nos et res nostras conservet Smnma Potestas. 

Of differing merits from three trees incline 
Dismas and Gesmas and the Power Divine ; 
Dismas repents, Gesmas no pardon craves, 
The power Divine by death the sianer saves. 

Desmonds of Kilmallock (Limerick). 
The legend is that the last powerful head 
of this family, who perished in the reign 
of Queen Elizabeth, stUl keeps his state 
under the waters of Lough Gur, that every 
seventh year he re-appears fully armed, 
rides round the lake early in the morning, 
and will ultimately return in the flesh to 
claim his own again. (See Bahbakossa.) 
— Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel. 

Despair (Giant), lived in Doubting 
Castle. He took Christian and Hopeful 
captive for sleeping on his grounds, and 
locked them in a dark dungeon from 
Wednesday to Saturday, without "one 
bit of bread, or drop of drink, or ray of 
light." By the advice of his wife, Dififi- 
dence, the giant beat them soundly " with 
a crab-tree cudgel." On Saturday night 
Christian remembered he had a key in his 
bosom, called " Promise," which would 
open any lock in Doubting Castle. So he 



opened the dungeon door, and they both 
made their escape with speed. — John 
Bunyan, Pilgriwi's Progress, i. (1678). 

Deuce is in Him {The) a farce by 
George Colman, senior. The person re- 
ferred to is Colonel Tember, under which 
name the plot of the farce is given (1762). 

Deuga'la, says Ossian, "was covered 
with the light of beauty, but her heart 
was the house of pride." 

Deve'ta, plu. Devetas, inferior or 
secondary deities in Hindu mythology. 

Devil {The). Olivier le Daim, the tool 
of Louis XI., and once the king's barber, 
was called Le Liable, because he was as 
much feared, was as fond of making mis- 
chief, and was far more disliked than the 
prince of evil. Olivier was executed in 
1484. 

Devil {The French), Jean Bart, an intrepid 
French sailor, born at Dunkirk (1650- 
1702). 

Levil {The White). George Castriot, sur- 
named " Scanderbeg," was called by the 
Turks " The White Devil of Wallachia" 
(1404-1467). 

Devil {The Printer'' s). Aldus Manutius, 
a printer in Venice to the holy Church and 
the doge, employed a negro boy to help 
him in his oflS.ce. This little black boy was 
believed to be an imp of Satan, and went 
by the name of the " printer's devil." In 
order to protect him from persecution, 
and confute a foolish superstition, Manu- 
tius made a public exhibition of the boy, 
and announced that " any one who doubted 
him to be flesh and blood might come for- 
ward and pinch him." 



DEVIL 



308 



DEVIL'S DYKE 



Devil (Rohert the), of Normandy ; so called 
because Ms father was said to have been 
an incubus or fiend in the disguise of a 
knight (1028-1035). 

*«* Eobert Francois Damiens is also 
called Robert le Liable, for his attempt to 
assassinate Louis XV. (1714-1757). 

Devil {Son of the), Ezzeli'no, chief of the 
Gribelins, governor of Vicenza. He was 
so called for his infamous cruelties (1215- 
1259). 

Devil Dick, Richard Porson, the critic, 
(1759-1808). 

Devil on Two Sticks, {The), that is Le 
Liable • Boiteux, by Lesage (1707). The 
plot of this humorous satirical tale is bor- 
rowed from the Spanish, El Liabolo 
Cojuelo, by Gueva'ra (1685). Asmode'us 
{le diable boiteux) perches Don Cle'ofas on 
the steeple of St. Salva'dor, and stretching 
out his hand, the roofs of all the houses 
open, and expose to him what is being 
done privately in every dwelling. 

Levil on Two Sticks {The), a farce by S. 
Foote ; a satire on the medical profession. 

Devil to Pay, {The), a farce by C. 
CofEey. Sir John Loverule has a terma- 
gant wife, and Zackel Jobson, a patient 
grissel. Two spirits named Nadir and Ab'- 
ishog transform these two wives for a time, 
so that the termagant is given to Jobson, 
and the patient wife to Sir John. When 
my lady tries her tricks on Jobson, he 
takes his strap to her and soon reduces her 
to obedience. After she is well reformed, 
the two are restored to their original hus- 
bands, and the shrew becomes an obedient, 
modest wife (died, 1745). 

Devil's Age {The). A wealthy man 



once promised to give a poor gentleman 
and his wife a large sum of money if at a 
given time they could teU him the devil's 
age. When the time came, the gentleman 
at his wife's suggestion, plunged first into 
a barrel of honey and then into a barrel of 
feathers, and walked on aU fours. Pres- 
ently up came his Satanic majesty, and said, 
" X and X years have I lived," naming the 
exact number, " yet never saw I an animal 
like this." The gentlemen had heard 
enough, and was able to answer the ques- 
tion without difS-Culty. — Eev. W. Webster, 
Basque Legends, 58 (1877). 

Devil's Chalice {The). A wealthy man 
gave a poor farmer a large sum of money 
on this condition : at the end of a twelve- 
month he was either to say " of what the 
devil made his chahce," or else give his 
head to the devil. The poor farmer as the 
time came round, hid himself in the cross- 
roads, and presently the witches assembled 
from aU sides. Said one witch to another, 
"You know that Farmer So-and-so has 
sold his head to the devil, for he wlU never 
know of what the devil makes his chalice. 
In fact I don't know myself." "Don't 
you? " said the other ; "why, of the parings 
of finger-nails trimmed on Sundays." — The 
farmer was overjoyed, and when the time 
came round was quite ready with his an- 
swer. — Eev. W. Webster, Basque Legends, 
71 (1877). 

Devil's Dyke, Brighton {The). One 
day, as St. Cuthman was walking over 
the South Downs, and thinking to him- 
self how completely he had rescued the 
whole country from paganism, he was 
accosted by his sable majesty in person, 
" Ha, ha !" said the prince of darkness ; 
"so you think by these churches and 
convents to put me and mine to your ban j 
do you 1 Poor fool ! why, this very night 



DEVIL'S DYKE 



309 



DHU 



win I swamp the whole land with the sea." 
"Forewarned is forearmed," thought St. 
Cuthman, and hies him to sister Ceha, 
superior of a convent which then stood on 
the spot of the present Dyke House. 
" Sister," said the saint, " I love you well. 
This night, for the grace of God, keep 
lights burning at the convent windows 
from midnight to day-break, and let 
masses be said by the holy sisterhood." 
At sundown came the devil with pickaxe 
and spade, mattock and shovel, and set to 
work in right good earnest to dig a dyke 
which should let the waters of the seas 
into the downs. " Fire and brim-stone !" 
— ^he exclaimed, as a sound of voices rose 
and felU-in sacred song — " Fire and brim- 
stone! What's the matter with mef 
Shoulders, feet, wrists, loins, aU seemed 
paralyzed. Down went mattock and 
spade, pickaxe and shovel, and just at that 
moment the Ughts at the convent windows 
burst forth, and the cock, mistaking the 
blaze for daybreak, began to crow most 
lustily. Off flew the devil, and never 
again returned to complete his work. The 
small digging he effected stiU remains in 
witness of the truth of this legend of the 
" Devil's Dyke." 

Devil's Parliament {The), the parlia- 
ment assembled by Henry VI. at Conven- 
try, 1459. So called because it passed 
attainders on the duke of York and his 
chief supporters. 

Devil Sacrament. This blasphemous 
rite whereby those who would practice 
witchcraft were initiated into the diaboli- 
cal mysteries is described by Deodat 
Lawson in 1704. 

" At their cursed supper they were said to have 
red bread and red drink, and when they pressed 
an afOicted person to eat and drink thereof she 
turned away her head and spit at it, and said, 



" I wOl not eat, I will not drink. It is blood.". . . 
Thus horribly doth Satan endeavor to have his 
kingdom and administrations to resemble those 
of our Lord Jesus Christ." — Deodat Lawson, 
Christ's Fidelity the only Shield against Satan's 
Malignity (1704). 

Devonshire, according to historic fable, 
is a corruption of " Debon's-share." This 
Debon was one of the companions of Brute, 
the descendent of ^ne'as. He chased the 
giant Coulin tiU he came to a pit eight 
leagues across. Trying to leap this chasm, 
the giant feU backwards and lost his life. 

. . . that ample pit, yet far renowned 
For the great leap which Debon did compel 
Coulin to make, being eight lugs of ground, 
Into the which retouming back he fell . . . 
And Debon's share was that is Devonshire. 

Spenser, Faery Queen, u. 10 (1590). 

De'vorgoil {Lady Jane), a friend of 
the Hazlewood family. — Sir W. Scott, Cruy 
Mannering (time, Greorge II.). 

Dewlap {Dick), an anecdote teller, whose 
success depended more upon his physiog- 
nomy than his wit. His chin and his 
paunch were his most telling points. 

I found that the merit of his wit was founded 
upon the shaking of a fat paunch, and the toss- 
ing up of a pair of rosy jowls. — Richard Steele. 

Dexter, {Gregory), the typical Success- 
ful Man who is first suitor, then the gener- 
ous friend of Anne Douglas, in Constance 
Fennimore Woolson's Anne. 

" A httle indifference to outside opinion would 
have made him a contented, as he was a success- 
ful man. But there was a surface of personal 
vanity over his better quahties which led him to 
desire a tribute of universal hking." (1882). 

Dhu {Evan), of Lochiel, a Highland 
chief in the army of Montrose. 

Mhich-Connel Dhu, or M'llduy, a High- 
land chief in the army of Montrose. — 



DHU 



310 



DIANA DE LASCOUES 



Sir W. Scott, Legend of Montrose (time, jamais mot, et ne jouant jamais a tous ces petits 
pi 1 T % jeux que I'on nomme enfantins. — Molifere, Le 

KjO&tvqs i..). Malade Imaginaire, ii. 6 (1673). 



Dhul'dul, the famous horse of Ali, son- 
in-law of Mahomet. 

Dhu'l Kamein {^Hhe two-horned,''^) a 
true behever according to the Mohamme- 
dan notion, who built the wall to prevent 
the incursions of Gog and Magog. — Al 
Koran, xviii. 

Commentators say the wall was built in this 
manner: The workman dug till they found 
water ; and having laid the foundation of stone 
and melted brass, they built the superstructure 
of large pieces of iron, between which they 
packed wood and coal, till the whole equalled 
the height of the mountains [of Armenia]. Then 
setting fii'e to the combustibles, and by the use of 
bellows, they made the iron red hot, and poured 
molten brass over to fill up the interstices. — ^Al 
Beidawi. 

Dliiiliiim, the surname of Jonah; so 
called because he was swallowed by a fish. 

Remember Dhu'lnun, when he departed in 
wrath, and thought that we could not exercise 
our power over him. — Al Kordn, xxi. 

Diafoirus (Thomas), son of Dr. Dia- 

foirus. He is a young medical milksop, 
to whom Argan has promised his daugh- 
ter AngeHque in marriage. Diafoirus 
pays his compliments in cut-and-dried 
speeches, and on one occasion, being in- 
terrupted in his remarks, says, " Madame, 
vous m'avez interrompu dans le milieu 
de ma periode, et cela m'a trouble la 
memoire." His father says, " Thomas, re- 
servez cela pour une autre fois." Ange- 
lique loves Cleante (2 syl.), and Thomas 
Diafoirus goes to the waU. 

n n'a jamais eu I'imaguiation bien vive, ni ce 
feu d'esprit qu'on remarque dans quelques uns, 
.... Lorsqui'il etait petit, il n'a jamais 6te ce 
qu'on appeUe mifevre et 6veille ; on le voyait 
toujours doux, paisible, et tacitume, ne disant 



Di'amond, one of three brothers, sons 
of the fairy Agape. Though very strong, 
he was slain in single fight by Oambalo. 
His brothers were Pri'amond and Tri'- 
amond. — Spenser, Faery Queen, iv. (1596). 

Diamond Jousts, nine jousts instituted 
by Arthur, and so called because a diamond 
was the prize. These nine diamonds -were 
all won by Sir Launcelot, who presented 
them to the queen, but Gruinevere, in a 
tiff, flung them into the river which ran 
by the palace. — Tennyson, Idylls of the 
King ("Elaine"). 

Diamond Sword, a magic sword given 
by the god Syren to the king of the Gold 
Mines. 

She gave him a sword made of one entire 
diamond, that gave as great lustre as the sun. — 
Comtesse D'Axmoy, Fairy Tales ("The Yellow 
Dwarf," 1682). 

Diana, the heroine and title, a pastoral 
of Montemayor, imitated from the Ba/ph- 
nis and Chloe of Longos (fourteenth cen- 
tury). 

Dian'a, daughter of the widow of Flo- 
rence with whom Hel'ena lodged on her 
way to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. 
Count Bertram wantonly loved Diana, 
but the modest girl made this attachment 
the means of bringing about a reconcilia- 
tion between Bertram and his wife Helena. 
— Shakespeare, AWs Well that Ends Well 
(1598). 

Dian'a de Lascours, daughter of Ralph 
and Louise de Lascours, and sister of 
Martha, alias Ogari'la. Diana was be- 
trothed to Horace de Brienne, whom she 



DIANA DE LASCOURS 



311 



DICCON THE BEDLAMITE 



resigns to Martha.— E. Stirling, The Or- 
phan of the Frozen Sea (1856). 

Dian'a the Inexorable. (1) She slew 
Orion with one of her arrows, for daring 
to make love to her. (2) She changed 
Acteeon into a stag and set her own dogs 
on him to worry him to death, because he 
chanced to look upon her while bathing. 
(3) She shot with her arrows the six sons 
and six daughters of Niob6, because the 
fond mother said she was happier than 
Latona, who had only two children. 

Dianee non movenda mimina. 

Horace, Upode, xviL 

Diana the Second of Salmantin, a 

pastoral romance by Gril Polo. 

" We will preserve that book," said the cur6, 
" as carefully as if Apollo himself had been its 
author." — Cervantes, Bon Quixote, I. i. 6 (1605). 

Diana (the Temple of), at Ephesus, one 
of the Seven Wonders of antiquity, was 
set on fire by Herostratos to immortalize 
his name. 

Diana of the Stage, Mrs. Anne Brace- 
girdle (1663-1748). 

Dian'a's Foresters, "minions of the 
moon," "Diana's knights," etc., highway- 
men. 

Marry, then, sweet wag, when thou art king, 
let not us that are " squu-es of the night's body " 
be called thieves ... let ns be " Diana's forest- 
ers," " Gentlemen of the shade," " minions of the 
moon." — Shakespeare, 1 Henry IV. act i. sc. 2 
(1597). 

Diano'ra, wife of Gilberto of Friu'li, 
but amorously loved by Ansaldo. In 
order to rid herself of his importunities, 
she vowed never to yield to his suit till 
he could " make her garden at midwinter 
as gay with flowers as it was in summer " 
(meaning never). Ansaldo, by the aid of 



a magician, accomplished the appointed 
task ; but when the lady told him that her 
husband insisted on her keeping her 
promise, Ansaldo, not to be outdone in 
generosity, declined to take advantage of 
his claim, and from that day forth was the 
firm and honorable friend of Grilberto. — 
Bocaccio, Decameron, x. 5. 

The Franklin's Tale of Chaucer is sub- 
stantially the same story. (See Dokigen). 

Diarmaid, noted for his " beauty spot," 
which he covered up with his cap ; for if 
any woman chanced to see it, she would 
instantly faU in love with him. — Camp- 
bell, Tales of the West Highlands ("Diar- 
maid and Grainne "). 

Diav'olo {Fra), Michele Pezza, Insur- 
gent of Calabria (1760-1806). —Auber, 
Fra Diavolo (hbretto by Scribe, 1836). 

Dibble {Davie), gardener at Monkbarns. 
— Sir "W. Scott, Antiquary (time, George 
III.). 

Dihu'tades (4 syl.), a potter of Sicyon, 
whose daughter traced on the wall her 
lover's shadow, cast there by the light of 
a lamp. This, it is said, is the origin of 
portrait painting. The father applied the 
same process to his pottery, and this, it is 
said, is the origin of sculpture in relief. 

WUl the arts ever have a lovelier origin than 
that fair daughter of Dibutades tracing the be- 
loved shadow on the wall ! — Ouida, Ariadn^, i. 
6. 

Dicae'a, daughter of Jove, the " accusing 
angel " of classic mythology. 

Forth stepped the just Dicsea, full of rage. 
Phiaeas Fletcher, The Purple Island, vi. (1633). 

Diccon the Bedlamite, a haK-mad 
mendicant, both knave and thief. A sped- 



DICCON THE BEDLAMITE 



312 



DIDEEICK 



men of the metre will be seen by part of 
Diccon's speech : 

Many a myle have I walked, divers and sundry 

waies, 
And many a good man's house have I bin at in 

my dais; 
Many a gossip's cup in my tyme have I tasted, 
And many a broehe and spythave I both turned 

and basted . . . 
When I saw it booted nit, out at doores I hyed 

mee, 
And caught a slyp of bacon when I saw none 

spyd mee 
Which I intend not far hence, unless my purpose 

fayle, 
Shall serve for a shooing home to draw on two 

pots of ale. 

Qammer Qurton's Needle (1576). 

Dicina, one of Logistilla's handmaids, 
noted for her chastity. — Ariosto, Orlcmda 
Furioso (1516). 

Dick, ostler at the Seven Stars inn, 
York. — Sir W. Scott, Heart of Midlothian 
(time, Greorge II.). 

Bich, called " The Devil's Dick of Hell- 
garth;" a falconer and follower of the 
earl of Douglas. — Sir W. Scott, Fair 
Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). 

Dick (Mr.), an amiable, half-witted man, 
devoted to David's " aunt," Miss Betsey 
Trotwood, who thinks him a prodigious 
genius. Mr. Dick is especially mad on the 
subject of Charles I. — C. Dickens, David 
Copperfield (1849). 

Dick Amlet, the son of Mrs. Amlet, a 
rich, vulgar tradeswoman. Dick assumes 
the airs of a fine gentleman, and calls him- 
self Colonel Shapely, in which character he 
gets introduced to Corinna, the daughter 
of Gripe, a rich scrivener. Just as he is 
about to elope, his mother makes her ap- 
pearance, and the deceit is laid bare; 
but Mrs. Amlet promises to give her son 



£10,000, and so the wedding is adjusted. 
Dick is a regular scamp, and whoUy with- 
out principle ; but being a dashing young 
blade, with a handsome person, he is ad- 
mired by the ladies. — Sir John Vanbrugh, 
The Confederacy (1695). 

Dick Shakebag, a highwayman in the 
gang of Captain Colepepper (the Alsatian 
buUy). — Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel 
(time, James I.). 

Dickson (Thomas), farmer at Douglas- 
dale. 

Cha/rles Dickson, son of the above, kiUed 
in the church. — Sir W. Scott, Castle Dan- 
gerous (time, Henry I.). 

Dicta'tor of Letters, Francois Marie 
Arouet de Voltaire, called the " Great Pan " 
(1694-1778). 

Dictionary (A Living). Wilhelm Leib- 
nitz (1646-1716) was so called by George I. 

*#* Longinus was called " The Living 
Cyclopaedia " (213-273). 

*#* Daniel Huet, chief editor of the Del- 
phine Classics, was called a Porcus Liter- 
arum for his unlimited knowledge (1630- 
1721). 

Diddler (Jeremy), an artful swindler; 
a clever, seedy vagabond, who borrows 
money or obtains credit by his songs, wit- 
ticisms, or other expedients. — Kenny, 
liaising the Wind. 

Diderick, the German form of Theo- 
dorick, king of the Goths. As Arthur is 
the centre of British romance, and Charle- 
magne of French romance, so Diderick is 
the central figure of the German minne- 
singers. 



JDido on the Funeral Pyre 

E. KtlUr, Artist A. Class, Engravir 



B 



UT Dido trembling * * * 
***** mounts 



IVith frantic mien the lofty funeral pile ; 
Unsheathes the Trojan's sword — a gift not sought 
For use like this;' then having ga^ed upon 
The Ilian garments and the well-known bed. 
She paused a little full of tears and thoughts, — 
Threw herself on the couch, and these last words 
Escaped ****** 
While thus she spoke, the attendants sazv her fall 
Upon the steel, and the sword frothed with blood 
That spouted on her hands ' ' — 

Virgil's "/Eneid" (translation of C. P. Cranch). 




DIDO ON THE FUNERAL PYRE. 



DIDIER 



313 



DIETEICH 



Dldier (Henri), the lover of Jtdie Les- 
urques (2 syl.) • a gentleman in feeling and 
conduct, who remains loyal to his fiancee 
tkrough all lier troubles.— Ed. Stirling, 
The Courier of Lyons (1852). 

Dido, daughter of Belns, king of Tyre. 
She bought " as much land in Africa as a 
bull's hide could cover," shred the hide in- 
to strings, and enclosed a large tract, 
-^neas was wrecked upon her coast, and 
a love affair ensued. He deserted her, and 
she killed herself after watching his ship 
untU it was out of sight. 

Die'go, the sexton to Lopez the " Span- 
ish curate." — Beaumont and Fletcher, The 
Spanish Curate (1622). 

Die! go {Don), a man of 60, who saw a 
country maiden named Leonora, whom he 
liked, and intended to marry if her temper 
was as amiable as her face was pretty. 
He obtained leave of her parents to bring 
her home and place her under a duenna 
for three months, and then either return 
her to them spotless, or to make her his 
wife. At the expiration of the time, he 
went to settle the marriage contract ; and, 
to make all things sure, locked up the 
house, giving the keys to Ursula, but to 
the outer door he attached a huge padlock, 
and put the key in his pocket. Leander, 
being in love with Leonora, laughed at 
locksmiths and duennas, and Diego (2 
syl.), found them about to elope. Being 
a wise man, he not only consented to their 
union, but gave Leonora a handsome 
marriage portion. — I. Bickerstaff, The 
Padlock. 

Dies Irae. The name generally given 
from the opening words to a mediaeval 
hymn on the Last Judgment. The au- 
thor is unknown, but the hymn is now 



■generally ascribed to a monk of the 
Abruzzi, in Naples, Thomas de Celano, 
who died about 1256. 

Dies irs9, dies ilia 
Solvet sseclum in favilla 
Teste David cum Sibylla. 

That Day of Wrath, that dreadful day 
When Heaven and Earth shall pass away. 
So David and the Sibyl say. 

Diet of Performers. 

Braham sang on bottled porter. 

Catley (Miss) took linseed tea and 
madeira. 

Cooke ((?. F.) drank everything. 

Henderson, gum arable and sherry. 

Incledon sang on madeira. 

Jordan {Mrs.) drank calves^-foot jelly and 
sherry. 

Kean (C) took beef-tea for breakfast, 
and preferred a rump-steak for dinner. 

Kean {JEdm.) Emery and Reeve drank 
cold irandy-and-water. 

Kemble {John) took opium. 

Lewis, mulled wine and oysters. 

Macready used to eat the learn, of mutton- 
chops when he acted, and subsequently 
lived almost wholly on a vegetable diet. 

OxBEREY drank tea. 

Russell (Henry) took a boiled egg. 

Smith ( W.) drank coffee. 

"Wood (Mrs.) sang on draught porter. 

Wrench and Harley took no refreshment 
during a performance. — ^W. C. Russell, 
Bepresentative Actors. 272. 

Die'trich (2 syl). So Theod'oric The 

Great is called by the German minne- 
singers. In the terrible broil stirred up 
by Queen Kriemhild in the banquet haU of 
Etzel, Dietrich interfered, and succeeded 
in capturing Hagan and the Burgundian 
King Grunther. These he handed over to 
the queen, praying her to set them free ; 
but she cut off both their heads with her 



DIETEICH 



314 



DIMANCHE 



own hands. — The Niehelungen Lied (thir- 
teenth century.) 

Dietrich {John), a laborer's son of Pom- 
erania. He spent twelve years under 
ground, where he met Elizabeth Krabbin, 
daughter of the minister of his own 
village, Rambin. One day, walking to- 
gether, they heard a cock crow, and an 
irresistible desire came over both of them 
to visit the upper earth. John so fright- 
ened the elves by a toad, that they 
yielded to his wish, and gave him hoards 
of wealth, with part of which he bought 
half the island of Eiigen. He married 
Elizabeth, and became founder of a very 
powerful family. — Keightley, Fairy My- 
thology. (See Tajthausee.) 

Dietz (Bernard). Broad-shouldered 
giant who wears an air of deep and gentle 
repose, and comes hke a benediction from 
heaven to the sick room of Count Hugo in 
Blanche WiUis Howard's novel The Open 
Door. He is a stone-mason who says with 
a genial laugh, 

" I hope if I'm lucky enough to get into the 
New Jerusalem they talk about, there'll still 
be a little building going on, for I shouldn't feel 
at home without a block of stone to cUp." 

His grand simplicity and strong com- 
mon sense medicine the morbid soul of 
the more nobly-born man. His argument 
against the suicide Hugo contemplates as 
an open door out of the world, surprises 
the listener profoundly. 

" You see, you can never destroy anything. 
You can only seem to. The life in us — it 
doesn't ask us if we want to be born, — it doesn't 
ask us if we want to die. It is beyond us, and 
I don't believe it can be destroyed" (1889). 

Dieu et Mon Droit, the parole of 
Richard I. at the battle of Gisors (1198)*. 

Diggery, one of the house-servants at 
Strawberry HaU. Being stage-struck, he 



inoculates his fellow-servants (Cymon and 
Wat) with the same taste. In the same 
house is an heiress named Kitty Sprightly 
(a ward of Sir Grilbert Pumpkin), also 
stage-struck, Diggery's favorite charac- 
ter is "Alexander the Great," the son of 
" Almon." One day, playing Borneo and 
Juliet, he turns the oven into the bal- 
cony, but, being rung for, the girl acting 
"Juhet" is nearly roasted alive. (See 
DiGGOKT.) — J. Jackman, All the WorWs a 
Stage. 

Digges {Miss Maria), a friend of Lady 
Penf eather ; a visitor at the Spa. — Sir W. 
Scott, St. Bonan^s Well (time, George 
III.). 

Diggoii [Davie], a shepherd in the 
Shephearde's Calendar, by Spenser He tells 
Hobbinol that he drove his sheep into 
foreign lands, hoping to find better pas- 
ture; but he was amazed at the luxury 
and profligacy of the shepherds whom he 
saw there, and the wretched condition of 
the flocks. He refers to the Roman Catho- 
lic clergy, and their abandoned mode of 
life. Diggon also teUs Hobbinol a long 
story about Roffynn {the bishop of Rochester) 
and his watchful dog Lauder catching a 
wolf in sheep's clothing in the fold. — Eel. 
ix. (September, 1572 or 1578). 

Diggory, a barn laborer, employed on 
state occasions for butler and footman by 
Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle. He is both 
awkward and familiar, laughs at his 
master's jokes and talks to his master's 
guests while serving. (See Diggeey.) — 
Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer. (1773). 

Diggory {Father), one of the monks of 
St Botolph's Priory. — Sir W. Scott, Ivom- 
hoe (time, Richard I.), 

Dimanche, {Mons.), a dun. Mons. Di- 



DIMANCHE 



315 



DINAS EMRYS 



manclie, a tradesman, applies to Don Juan 
for money. Don Juan treats him with all 
imaginable courtesy, but every time he at- 
tempts to revert to business interrupts 
him with some such question as. Comment 
se parte Madame Dimanchef or Et votre 
petite fille Claudine comment se porte-t-ellf 
or Le petit Colin, fait-il toujours bien du 
bruit avec son tambour? or ^t votre petit 
chien Brusquet, gronde-t-il toujours aussi 
fort . . .1 and, after a time, he says he is 
very sorry, but he must say good-bye for 
the present, and he leaves Mons. without 
his once stating the object of his call. 
(See Shuffleton.) Moliere, Don Juan 
(1665). 

Dimmesdale (Arthur). Master 
Prynne, an English physician living in 
Amsterdam, having determined to join 
the Massachusetts Colony, sent his young 
wife Hester before him to await his com- 
ing. He was detained two years, and on 
reaching Boston, the first sight that met 
his eyes was his wife standing in the pill- 
ory with a young babe in her arms and 
with the letter A, the mark of her shame, 
embroidered in scarlet on her breast. A 
young clergyman, the Reverend Arthur 
Dimmesdale, regarded by all the people 
as a saint, too good for earth, was earnestly 
exhorting her to declare the name of the 
child's father, but she steadfastly refused, 
and was sent back to prison, Prynne 
who had heard in Amsterdam rumors of 
his wife's infidelity, both to discover her 
betrayer and to hide his own relation to 
his wife, had taken the name of Poger 
Chillingworth, and with eyes sharpened 
by jealousy and wounded pride, soon dis- 
covered that his wife's lover was no other 
than Dimmesdale himself. As a physi- 
cian and under the guise of friendship he 
attached himself to the minister, and pur- 
sued his ghastly search for the secret 



cause that was eating away his life. How 
it all ended is shown in that wonderful 
book where, as in a Greek drama, the fates 
of Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, 
Roger Chillingworth, and the love-child, 
Little Pearl, are traced in lines of fire. — 
Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter. 

Dinant', a gentleman who once loved 
and stiU pretends to love Lamira, the wife 
of Champernel. — Beaumont and Fletcher, 
The Little French Lawyer (1647). 

Dinarza'de (4 syt), sister of Schehera- 
zade, Sultana of Persia. Dinarzade was 
instructed by her sister to wake her every 
morning an hour before daybreak, and 
say, " Sister, relate to me one of those de- 
lightful stories you know," or " Finish be- 
fore daybreak the story you began yester- 
day." The sultan got interested in these 
tales, and revoked the cruel determination 
he had made of strangling at daybreak the 
wife he had married the preceeding night. 
(See Scheherazade.) 

Dinas Emrys, or " Fort of Ambrose " 
{i.e. Merlin), on the Brith, a part of Snow- 
don. When Vortigem built this fort, 
whatever was constructed during the day 
was swallowed up in the earth during the 
night. Merlin (then called Ambrose or 
Embres-Guletic) discovered the cause to 
be " two serpents at the bottom of a pool 
below the foundation of the works." 
These serpents were incessantly struggling 
with each other ; one was white, and the 
other red. The white serpent at first pre- 
valed, but ultimately the red one chased 
the other out of the pool. The red ser- 
pent, he said, meant the Britons, and the 
white one the Saxons. At first the Sax- 
ons (or white serpent) prevailed, but in the 
end " our people " the red serpent) " shall 



DINAS EMEYS 



316 



DION 



chase tlie Saxon race beyond the sea." — 
Nennius, History of the Britons (842). 

And from the top of Brith, so high and won- 
drous steep 

Where Dinas Bmris stood, showed where 
the serpents fought 

The white that tore the red, for whence the 
prophet taught 

The Britons' sad decay. 

Drayton, PolyolUon, x, (1612). 

Dine with Duke Humphrey (To), 
to have no dinner to go to. The Duke 
referred to was the son of Henry IV,, 
murdered at St. Edmundsbury, and buried 
at St. Alban's. It was generally thought 
that he was buried in the nave of St. Paul's 
Cathedral ; but the monument supposed 
to be erected to the duke was in reality 
that of John Beauchamp. Loungers, who 
were asked if they were not going home to 
dinner, and those who tarried in St. Paul's 
after the general crowd had left, were 
supposed to be so busy looking for the 
duke's monument that they disregarded 
the dinner hour. 

Diner- Out of the First Water, the 

Eev. Sidney Smith; so called by the 
Quarterly Review (1769-1845). 

Dingle (Old Dick of the), friend of 
Hobbie Elliott of the Heugh-foot farm. — 
Sir W. Scott, The Black Dwarf (time, 
Anne). 

Dingwall (Davie), the attorney at 
Wolfe's Hope village.— Su' "W. Scott, 
Bride of Lammermoor (time WUham 
III.). 

Dinias and Dercyllis {The Wanderings, 
Adventures, and Loves of), an old Greek 
novel, the basis of the romance of An- 
tonius Diog'enes in twenty-four books and 
entitled Incredible Things beyond Thule 



[Ta HuperThoulen Apista], a store-house 
from which subsequent writers have bor- 
rowed largely. The work is not extant, 
but Photius gives an outline of its con- 
tents. 

Dinmont {Dandy, i. e. Andrew), an 
eccentric and humorous store farmer at 
Charlie's Hope. He is caUed " The fight- 
ing Dinmont of Liddesdale." 

Ailie Dinmont, wife of Dandy Dinmont. 
— Sir "W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time 
Q-eorge II.). 

*#* This novel has been dramatized by 
Daniel Terry. 

Dinner Bell. Burke was so called 
from his custom of speaking so long as to 
interfere with the dinner of the members 
(1729-1797). 

Diocle'tian, the king and father of 
Erastus, who was placed under the charge 
of the "seven wise masters" {Italian 
version). 

In the French version, the father is 
called " Dolop'athos." — Sandabar's Para- 
bles. 

Diog'enes, Grreek cynic, who carried a 
lantern at noon, to search for an honest 
man. 

Diog'enes (4 syl), the negro slave of 
the cynic philosopher Michael Agelestes 
(4 syl). — Sir W. Scott, Count Bobert of 
Paris (time, Rufus). 

Di'omede (3 syl.), fed his horses on 
human flesh, and he was himself eaten by 
his horse, being thrown to it by Her- 
cules. 

Dion {Lord), father of Euphra'sia. 
Euphrasia is in love with Philaster, heir 
to the crown of Messi'na. Disguised as a 



DION 



317 DIONYSIUS THE AEEOPAGITE 



page, Euphrasia assTimes the name of 
Bellario and enters the service of Phi- 
laster. — Beanmont and Fletcher, PMlaster 
or Love Lies a-hleeding (1638). 

(There is considerable resemblance be- 
tween "Euphrasia" and "Viola" in 
Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, 1614). 

Dionse'an Csesar, Julius Caesar, who 
claimed descent from Venus, called Dione 
from her mother, ^neas was son of 
Venus and Anchises. 

Ecce, Dionsei processit Csesaris astrum. 

Virgil, Eclogues, vs.. 47. 

Dio'ne (3 syl), mother of Aphrodite 
{Venus), Zeus or Jove being the father. 
Venus herself is sometimes called Dione. 

Oh, bear . . . thy treasiires to the green recess, 
Where young Dion§ strays; with sweetest airs 
Entice her forth to lend her angel form 
For Beauty's honored image. 
Akenside, Pleasures of Imagination, i ,1744). 

Dionys'ia, wife of Cleon, governor of 
Tarsus. Pericles prince of Tyre commits 
to her charge his infant daughter Mari'na, 
supposed to be motherless. When her fos- 
ter-child is fourteen years old, Dionysia, out 
of jealousy, employs a man to murder her, 
and the people of Tarsus, hearing thereof, 
set fire to her house, and both Dionysia 
and Cleon are burnt to death in the flames, 
— Shakespeare, Pericles, Prince of Tyre 
(1608). 

Dionys'ius, tyrant of Syracuse, de- 
throned Evander, and imprisoned him in 
a dungeon deep in a huge rock, intending 
to starve him to death. But Euphrasia, 
having gained access to him, fed him from 
her own breast. Timoleon invaded Syra- 
cuse, and Dionysius, seeking safety in a 
tomb, saw there Evander the deposed 
king, and was about to kill him, when 
Euphrasia rushed forward, struck the 



tyrant to the heart, and he fell dead at her 
feet. — A. Murphy, The Grecian Daughter 
{Yin). 

*#*In this tragedy there are several 
gross historical errors. In act i. the 
author tells us it was Dionysius the Elder 
who was dethroned, and went in exile to 
Corinth ; but the elder Dionysius died iii 
Syracuse, at • the age of 63, and it was the 
younger Dionysius who was dethroned by 
Timoleon, and went to Corinth. In act v. 
he makes Euphrasia kill the tyrant in 
Syracuse, whereas he was allowed to leave 
Sicily, and retired to Corinth, where he 
spent his time in riotous living, etc. 

Dionys'ius [the Elder] was appointed 
sole general of the Syracusan army, and 
then king by the voice of the senate. 
Damon "the Pythagore'an " opposed the 
appointment, and even tried to stab " the 
tyrant," but was arrested and condemned 
to death. The incidents whereby he was 
saved are to be found under the article 
Da'mon {q.v.). 

Damon and Pythias, a drama by R. 
Edwards (1571), and another by John 
Banim, in 1825. 

Dionys'ius [the Younger], being ban- 
ished from Syracuse, went to Corinth and 
turned schoolmaster. 

Corinth's pedagogue hath now 
Transferred his byword [tyrant] to thy brow. 
Byron, Ode to Napoleon. 

Dionysius the Areopagite was one of 

the judges of the Areopagite when St. 
Paul appeared before this tribunal. Cer- 
tain writings, fabricated by the neo-pla- 
tonicians in the fifth century, were falsely 
ascribed to him. The Isido'rian Decretals 
is a somewhat similar forgery by Mentz, 
who lived in the ninth century, or three 
hundred years after Isidore. 



DIONYSIUS THE AEEOPAGITE 318 



DISTRESSED MOTHER 



The error of those doctrines so vicious 
Of the old Areopagite Dionysius. 

Longfellow, The Oolden Legend. 

Dioscu'ri {sons of Zeus), Castor and 
Pollux. Generally, but incorrectly, ac- 
cented on tlie second syllable. 

Dioti'ma, tbe priestess of Mantineia in 
Plato's Symposium, the teacher of Soc'- 
rates. Her opinions on life, its nature, 
origin, end, and aim, form the nucleus of 
the dialogue. Socrates died of hemlock. 

Beneath an emerald plane 
Sits Diotima, teaching him that died 
Of Hemlock. 

Tennyson, The Princess, iii. 

Diplomatists {Prince of), Charles 
Maurice Talleyrand de Perigord (1754- 
1838). 

Dipsas, a serpent, so called because 
those bitten by it suffered from intoler- 
able thirst. (Greek, dipsa, "thirst.") 
Milton refers to it in Paradise Lost, x. 
526 (1665). 

Dipsodes (2 syl.), the people of Dip- 
sody, ruled over by King Anarchus, and 
subjugated by Prince Pantag'ruel (bk. 
ii. 28). Pantagruel afterwards colonized 
their country with nine thousand million 
men from Utopia (or to speak more ex- 
actly, 9,876,543,210 men), besides women, 
children, workmen, professors, and peas- 
ant-laborers (bk. iii. 1). ^-Rabelais, Pan- 
tag'ruel (1545). 

Dip'sody, the country of the Dipsodes 
(2 syl), q.v. 

Dircse'an Swan, Pindar; so called 
from Dirce, a fountain in the neighbor- 
hood of Thebes, the poet's birthplace 
(B.C. 518^42. 



Dirlos or D'Yrlos {Count), a paladin, 
the embodiment of valor, generosity, 
and truth. He was sent by Charlemagne 
to the East, where he conquered Aliar'de, 
a Moorish prince. On his return, he 
found his young wife betrothed to Celi'nos 
(another of Charlemagne's peers). The 
matter was put right by the king, who 
gave a grand feast on the occasion. 

Disastrous Peace {The), the peace 
signed at Cateau-Cambresis, by which 
Henri II. renounced all claim to Gen'oa, 
Naples, Mil'an, and Corsica (1559). 

Dis'mas, the penitent thief; Gesmas 
the impenitent one. 

DistafB'na, the troth-plight wife of 
General Bombastes; but Artaxaminous, 
king of Utopia, promised her "half a 
crown " if she would forsake the general 
for himself — a temptation too great to be 
resisted. When the general found him- 
self jilted, he retired from the world, hung 
up his boots on the branch of a tree, and 
dared any one to remove them. The 
king cut the boots down, and the general 
cut the king down. Pusbos, coming up 
at this crisis, laid the general prostrate. 
At the close of the burlesque all the 
dead men jump up and join the dance, 
promising "to die again to-morrow," if 
the audience desire it. — W. B. Rhodes, ' 
Bombastes Furioso (1790.) 

Falling on one knee, he put both hands on 
his heart and rolled up his eyes, much after the 
manner of Bombastes Furioso making love to 
Distaffina. — E. Sargent. 

Distressed Mother {The), a tragedy 
by Ambrose Philips (1712). The "dis- 
tressed mother" is Androm'ache, the 
widow of Hector. At the fall of Troy 
she and her son Asty'anax fell to the lot 
of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, Pyrrhus fell 



DISTRESSED MOTHER 



319 



DIVINE 



in love witli lier and wished to many her, 
but she refused him. At length an em- 
bassy from G-reece, headed by Orestes, 
son of Agamemnon, was sent to Epirus 
to demand the death of Astyanax, lest in 
manhood he might seek to avenge his 
father's death. Pyrrhus told Andro- 
mache he would protect her son, and 
defy aU Oreece, if she would consent to 
marry him ; and she yielded. While the 
marriage rites were going on, the Greek 
ambassadors fell on Pyrrhus and mur- 
dered him. As he fell he placed the 
crown on the head of Andromache, who 
thus became queen of Epirus, and the 
Greeks hastened to their ships in flight. 
This play is an English adaptation of 
Racine's Andromaque (1667). 

Ditchley (Gaffer), one of the miners 
employed by Sir G-eoffrey Peveril. — Sir 
TV. Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, 
Charles II.). 

Dithyrambic Poetry (Father of), 
Arion of Lesbos (fl. B.C. 625). 

Ditton (Thomas) footman of the Rev. 
Mr. Staunton, of WiUingham Rectory. — 
Sir W. Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, 
George II.). 

Divan (The), the supreme council and 
court of justice of the caliphs. The 
abbassides always sat in person in this 
court to aid in the redress of wrongs. It 
was called "a divan" from the benches 
covered with cushions on which the 
members sat. — D'Herbelot, Bibliotheque 
Orientale, 298. 

Dive [deev], a demon in Persian myth- 
ology. In the mogul's palace at Lahore, 
there used to be several pictures of these 
dives (1 syl.), with long horns, staring eyes, 



shaggy hair, great fangs, ugly paws, long 
tails, and other horrible deformities. 

Di'ver (Colonel), editor of the New York 
Rowdy Journal, in America. His air was 
that of a man oppressed by a sense of his 
own greatness, and his physiognomy was 
a map of cunning and conceit. — C. Dick- 
ens, Martin Chuzzlewit (1844. 

Di'ves (2 syl.), the name popularly given 
to the " rich man " in our Lord's parable of 
the rich ' man and Lazarus ; in Latin, 
Bivh et Lazarus. — Luke xvi. 

Divi'na Comme'dia, the first poem of 
note ever written in the Italian language. 
It is an epic by Dante' Alighie'ri, and is 
divided into three parts : Hell, Purgatory, 
and Paradise. Dante' called it a comedy, 
because the ending is happy; and his 
countrymen added the word divine from 
admiration of the poem. The poet depicts 
a vision, in which he is conducted, first by 
Virgil (human reason,) through hell and 
purgatory; and then by Beatrice (revela- 
tion), and finally by St. Bernard, through 
the several heavens, where he beholds the 
Triune God. 

"Hell," is represented as a funnel-shaped 
hollow, formed of gradually contracting 
circles, the lowest and smallest of which is 
the earth's centre. (See Infekno, 1300). 

" Purgatory " is a mountain rising soli- 
tarily from the ocean on that side of the 
earth which is opposite to us. It is divided 
into terraces, and its top is the terrestrial 
paradise. (See Purgatoky, 1308). 

From this "top" the poet ascends 
through the seven planetary heavens, the 
fixed stars, and the " primum mobile " to 
the empyre'an or seat of God. (See Paba- 
DISE, 1311). 

Divine (The), St. John the evangelist, 
called " John the Divine." 



DIVINE 



320 



DJABAL 



Raphael, the painter, was called II 
Divino (1483-1520;. 

Luis Morales, a Spanish painter, was 
caUed El Divino (1509-1586). 

Ferdinand de Herre'ra, a Spanish poet 
(1516-1595). 

Divine Doctor {The), Jean de Euys- 
broek, the mystic (1294-1381). 

Divine Speaker {The) Tyr' tamos, 
usually known as Theophrastos ("divine 
speaker "), was so called by Aristotle (b. c. 
370-287). 

Divine Kight of Kings. The dogma 
that Kings can do no wrong is based on a 
dictum of Hincmar Archbishop of Rheims, 
viz., that " kings are subject to no man so 
long as they rule by God's law. — Hincmar' s 
Works, i. 693. 

Divining Rod, a forked branch of hazel 
suspended between the balls of the thumbs. 
The inclination of this rod indicates the 
presence of water-springs and precious 
metals. 

Now to rivulets from tlie mountains 
Point the rods of fortune-tellers. 

Longfellow, DrinMng Song. 

*#* Jacques Aymar of Crole was the 
most famous of all diviners. He lived in 
the latter half of the seventeenth century 
and the beginning of the eighteenth. His 
marvellous faculty attracted the attention 
of Europe. M. Chauvin, M. D., and M. 
Garnier, M. D., published carefully written 
accounts of his wonderful powers, and 
both were eye-witnesses thereof. — See S. 
Baring-Gould, Myths of the Middle Ages. 

Divinity. There are four professors 
of divinity at Cambridge, and three at 
Oxford. Those at Cambridge are the 
Hul'sean, the Margaret, the Norrisian, 



and the Regius. Those at Oxford are 
the Margaret, the Regius, and one for 
Ecclesiastical History, 

Divi'no Lodov'ico, Ariosto, author of 
Orlando Furioso (1474-1533). 

Dixie's Land, the land of milk and 
honey to American negroes. Dixie was 
a slave-holder of Manhattan Island, who 
removed his slaves to the Southern States, 
where they had to work harder and fare 
worse ; so that they were always sighing 
for their old home, which they called 
"Dixie's Land." Imagination and dis- 
tance soon advanced this island into a 
sort of Delectable Country or land of 
Beulah. 

This is but one of many explanations 
given of the origin of a phrase that, dur- 
ing the CivU War (1861-1865) came to be 
applied to the Seceding States. The song 
"Dixie's Land" was supposed to be sung 
by exiles from the region south of Mason 
and Dixon's line. 

" Away down South m Dixie, 
I wish I were in Dixie, 
In Dixie's Land 
I'd take my stand 
To live and die in Dixie." 

Dixon, servant to Mr. Richard Vere 
(1 syl.).— Sir W. Scott, The Black Dwa/rf 
(time, Anne). 

Dizzy, a nickname of Benjamin Dis- 
raeli, earl of Beaconsfield (1804-1881). 

Dja'bal, son of Youssof, a sheikh, and 
saved by Maa'ni, in the great massacre 
of the sheikhs by the Knights Hospitallers 
in the Spo'rades. He resolves to avenge 
this massacre, and gives out that he is 
Hakeem', the incarnate god, their founder, 
returned to earth to avenge their wrongs 



DJABAL 



321 



DOCTOR 



and lead tliem back to Syria. His im- 
posture being discovered, lie kills him- 
self, but Loys [Lo'.iss], a young Breton 
count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. 

Djabal is Hakeem, the iacarnate Dread, 
The phantasm khahf, king of Prodigies. 
Robert Browning, The Beturn of the Druses, i. 

Dobbin {Captain, afterwards Colonel), 
son of Sir WUliam Dobbin, a London 
tradesman. Uncouth, awkward, and tall, 
with huge feet ; but faithful and loving, 
with a large heart and most delicate ap- 
preciation. He is a prince of a fellow, is 
proud and fond of Captain George Osborne 
from boyhood to death, and adores Amelia, 
George's wife. When she has been a 
widow for some ten years, he marries 
her. — Thackeray, Vanity Fair (1848). 

Dobbs's Horse. Charley Dobbs, set- 
ting off to California, gives his best friend 
Theophilus an order for " a good spund 
family horse, not young, but the safer for 
aU that," that had once belonged to his 
mother. He is boarding the creature on 
a farm in Westchester County, and his 
friend is welcome to the use of him. 

Dobbs's Horse is the skeleton in the 
household in many a sense of the word. 
He refuses to be fattened : he balks ; he 
has cohc and spasms; he lies down in 
harness ; he impales himseK upon a broken 
rail ; he keels over upon the grass, whiz- 
zing like a capsized engine ; he bites him- 
self — and has driven the family to the 
verge of insanity when Dobbs returns and 
upon beholding the "noble old fellow," 
shouts that they have the wrong horse ! 
" This is one I sold long ago for fifteen 
doUars ! "—Mary Mapes Dodge, Theophilus 
md Others (1876). 

Dobbins {Swmphrey\ the confidential 
servant of Sir Robert Bramble of Black- 



berry Hall, in the county of Kent. A 
blunt old retainer, most devoted to his 
master. Under a rough exterior he con- 
cealed a heart brimful of kindness, and so 
tender that a word would melt it. — George 
Colman, The Poor Gentleman (1802). 

Dobu'ni, called Bodu'ni by Dio; the 
people of Gloucestershire and Oxford- 
shire. Drayton refers to them in his 
Polyolhion, xvi. (1613). 

Doctor {The), a romance by Souther. 
The doctor's name is Dove, and his horse 
" Nobbs." 

Doctor {The Admirable), Roger Bacon 
(1214-1292). 

The Angelic Doctor, Thomas Aquinas 
(1224-1274), " fifth doctor of the Church." 

The Authentic Doctor, Geogory of Ri- 
mini (*-1357). 

The Divine Doctor, Jean Ruysbroek 
(1294-1381). 

The Dulcifluous Doctor, Antonio An- 
dreas, (*-1320). 

The Ecstatic Doctor, Jean Ruysbroek 
(1294-1381). 

The Eloquent Doctor, Peter Aureolus^ 
archbishop of Aix (fourteenth century). 

The Evangelical Doctor, J. Wycliff© 
(1324-1384). 

The Illuminated Doctor, Raymond Ltdly 
(1235-1315), or Most Enlightened Doctor. 

The Invincible Doctor, William Occam 
(1276-1347). 

■ The Irrefragable Doctor, Alexander 
Hales (*-1245.) 

The Mellifluous Doctor, St. Bernard 
(1091-1153). 

The Most Christian Doctor, Jean de 
Gerson (1363-1429). 

The Most Methodical Doctor, John 
Bassol (*-1347). 

The Most Profound Doctor, ^gidius de 
Columna (*-1316). 



DOCTOR 



322 



DODON 



The Most Besolute Doctor, Durand de 
St. Pour^ain (1267-1332). 

The Perspicuous Doctor, Walter Burley 
(fourteentli century). 

The Profound Doctor, Thomas Brad- 
wardine (*134:9). 

The Scholastic Doctor, Anselm of Laon 
(1050-1117). 

The Seraphic Doctor, St. Bonaventura 
(1211-1274). 

The Solemn Doctor, Henry Goethals 
(1227-1293). 

The Solid Doctor, Eichard Middleton 
(*-1304). 

The Subtle Doctor, Duns Scotus (1265- 
1308), or Most Subtle Doctor. 

The Thorough Doctor, William Varro 
(thirteenth, century). 

The Universal Doctor, Alain de LiUe 
(1114-1203); Thomas Aquinas, (1224- 
1274). 

The Venerable Doctor, William de 
Champeaux (*-1126), 

The Well-founded Doctor, JEgidius 
Eomanus (*-1316). 

The Wise Doctor, John Herman Wessel 
(1409-1489). 

The Wonderful Doctor, Roger Bacon 
(1214-1292). 

Doctor's Tale (The), in Chaucer's Can- 
terbury Tales, is the Roman story of Vir- 
ginius given by Livy. This story is told 
in French in the Roman de la Hose, ii. 74, 
and by Gower in his Confessio Amantis, 
vii. It has furnished the subject of a 
host of tragedies : for example, in French, 
Mairet (1628); Leclerc (1645); Campes- 
tron (1683) ; Chabenon (1769) ; Laharpe 
(1786); Leblanc de GuiUet > (1786); 
Guiraud (1827) ; Latour St. Ybars (1845). 
In Italian, Alfieri (1784) ; in German, 
Lessing (1775) ; and in English, Knowles, 
(1829). 



Doctor's Wife {The,) a novel by Miss 
Braddon, adapted from Madam Bovary, 
a French novel. 

Doctors of the Church. The Greeh 
Church recognizes four doctors, viz., St. 
Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory of 
Nyssa, and St. John Chrysostom. The 
Latin Church recognizes St. Augustin, 
St. Jerome, St. Ambrose and St. Gregory 
the Great. 

Dodger {The Artful), the sobriquet of 
Jack Dawkins, an artful thievish young 
scamp, in the boy crew of Fagin the Jew 
villain. — C. Dickens, Oliver Twist, viii. 
(1837). 

Dodington, whom Thomson invokes in 
his Summer, is George Bubb Dodington, 
lord Melcomb-Regis, a British statesman. 
Churchill and Pope ridiculed him, while 
Hogarth introduced him in his picture 
called the " Orders of Periwigs." 

Dod'ipol, {Dr.), any man of weak intel- 
lect, a dotard. Hence the proverb, Wise 
as Dr. Dodipoll, meaning " not wise at aU." 

Dodon or rather Dodoens {Bemhert) a 
Dutch botanist (1517-1585), physician to 
the emperors Maximilian II. and Rudolph 
II. His works are Frumentorum etLegumi' 
num Historia; Florum Historia; Purgan- 
tium Badicum Herbarum Historia; Stir- 
pium Historia; all included under the 
general title of " The History of Plants." 

Of these most helpful herbs yet teU we but 

few, 
To those unnuinbered sorts, of simples here that 

grew, 
Which justly to set down ee'n Dodon short doth 

fan. 

Drayton, Polyolbion, sdii. (1613) 



DODONA 



323 



DOG 



Do'dona in (Epiros), famous for the 
most ancient oracle in Greece. The re- 
sponses were made by an old woman 
called a pigeon^ because the Greek word 
pelioe means either old " women " or 
" pigeons." According to fable, Zeus, gave 
his daughter Thebe two black pigeons 
endowed with the gift of human speech : 
one flew into Libya, and gave the re- 
sponses in the temple of Ammon: the 
other into Epiros, where it gave the re- 
sponses in Dodona. 

We are told that the priestess of Dodona 
derived her answers from the cooing of the 
sacred doves, the rustling of the sacred 
trees, the bubbling of the sacred fountain 
and the tinkling of bells or pieces of metal 
suspended among the branches of the 
trees. 

And Dodona's oak swang lonely, 
Henceforth to the tempest only. 

Mrs. Browning, Dead Pan, 17. 

Dods {Meg), landlady of the Clachan or 
Mowbery Arms inn at St. Eonan's Old 
Town. The inn was once the manse, and 
Meg Dods reigned there despotically, but 
her wines were good and her cuisine ex- 
cellent. This is one of the best low comic 
characters in the whole range of fiction. 

She had hair of a brindled color, betwixt 
black and grey, which was apt to escape in elf- 
locks from iinder her mutch when she was thrown 
into violent agitation ; long skinny hands termi- 
nated by stout talons, grey eyes, thin lips, a ro- 
bust person, a broad though fat chest, capital 
wind, and a voice that could match a choir of 
fishwomen. — Sir W. Scott, St. Bonan's Well, i 
(time George III.). 

(So good a housewife was this eccentric 
landlady, that a cookery-book has been 
published bearing her name ; the authoress 
is Mrs. Johnstone, a Scotchwoman.) 

Dodson, a young farmer, called upon 
by Death on his wedding day. Death told 



him he must quit his Susan and go with 
him. " With you ! " the hapless husband 
cried; "young as I am and unprepared?" 
Death then told him he would not disturb 
him yet, but would call again after giving 
him three warnings. When he was 80 
years of age. Death called again. " So 
soon returned?" old Dodson cried. "You 
know you promised me three warnings." 
Death then told him that as he was 
" lame and deaf and blind," he had re-j 
ceived his three warnings. — Mrs. Thrale, 
[Piozzi], The Three Warnings. 

Dodson and Fogg (Messrs.), two un- 
principled lawyers, who undertake on their 
own speculation to bring an action against 
Mr. Pickwick for " breach of promise " and, 
file accordingly the famous suit of " Bar- 
dell V. Pickwick." — 0. Dickens, The Pick" 
wick Papers (1836). 

Doe (John) and Richard Roe, the fic- 
titious plaintiff and defendant in an action 
of ejectment. Men of straw. 

Doeg, Saul's herdsman, who told him 
that the priest Abim'elech had supplied 
David with food ; whereupon the king sent 
him to kill Abimelech, and Doeg slew 
priests to the number of four score and 
five (1 Samuel xxii. 18). In pt. ii. of the sa- 
tire called Absalom and Achitophel, Elkaneh 
Settle is called Doeg, because he "fell 
upon " Dryden with his pen, but was only 
a " herdsman or driver of asses." 

Doeg, tho' without knowing how or why, 
Made still a blundering kind of melody. 
Let him raU on . . . 

But if he jumbles to one line of sense, 
Indict him of a capital oifense. 
Tate, Absalom, and AcMtophel, ii. (1682). 

Dog {Agrippds). Cornelius Agrippa 



DOG 



324 



DOG 



had a dog wMch was generally suspected 
of being a spirit incarnate. 

Arthur's Bog " Cavall." 

Bog of Belgrade, tlie camp suttler, was 
named " Clumsey." 

Lord Byron's Bog, " Boatswain." It was 
buried in the garden of Newstead Abbey. 

Bog of Catherine de Medicis, " Phoebe," 
a lap dog. 

Cuthullin's Bog was named " Luath, " a 
swift-footed hound. 

Bora's Bog, "Jip." — 0. Dickens, Bavid 
Copperjield. 

Bouglas's Bog, " Luffra," Ladg of the 
Lake. 

Erigone's Bog was " Moera." Erigone is 
the constellation Virgo, and Moera the star 
called Canis. 

Eurytion's Bog (herdsman of Geryon), 
" Orthros." It had two heads. 

FingaVs Bog was named " Bran." 

Geryon's Bogs. One was "Gargittos" 
and the other " Orthros." The latter was 
brother of Cerberos, but it had only two 
heads. Hercules killed both of Geryon's 
dogs. 

Landseefs Bog, " Brutus," introduced by 
the great animal painter in his picture 
called " The Invader of the Larder." 

Llewellyn's Bog was named " Gelert ;" it 
was a greyhound. (See Geleet). 

Lord Lurgan's Bog was named, " Master 
M'Grath," from an orphan boy who reared 
it. This dog won three Waterloo cups, 
and was presented at court by the express 
desire of Queen Victoria, the very year it 
died. It was a sporting grey-hound (born 
1866, died Christmas Day, 1871). 

Maria's Bog, " Silvio." — Sterne, Senti- 
mental Journey. 

Bog of Montargis. This was a dog 
named " Dragon," belonging to Aubri de 
Montdidier, a captain in the French army. 
Aubri was murdered in the forest of Bondy 



by his friend, Lieutenant Macaire, in the 
same regiment. After its master's death 
the dog showed such a strange aversion 
to Macaire, that suspicion was aroused 
against him. Some say he was pitted 
against the dog, and confessed the crime. 
Others say a sash was found on him, and 
the sword knot was recognized by Ursula 
as her own work and gift to Aubri. This 
Macaire then confessed the crime, and his 
accomplice. Lieutenant Landry, trying to 
escape, was seized by the dog and bitten to 
death. ' This story has been dramatized 
both in French and English. 

Orion's Bogs; one was named " Arc- 
toph'onos " and the other " Pto-ophagos." 

Punch's Bog, " Toby." 

Sir W. Scott's Bogs. His deer-hound 
was "Maida." His jet-black greyhound 
was " Hamlet." He had also two Dandy 
Dinmont terriers. 

Bog of the seven Sleepers, " Katmir." It 
spoke with a human voice. 

In Sleary's circus, the performing dog 
is caUed " Merryleys." — C. Dickens, Hard 
Times. 

(For Actseon's fifty dogs, see Bictionary 
of Phrase and Fahle, 234). 

Bog. The famous Mount St. Bernard 
dog which saved forty human beings, was 
named " Barry." The stuffed skin of this 
noble creature is preserved in the museum 
at Berne. 

Bog (The), Diogenes the cynic (b. c. 
412-323). When Alexander encountered 
him, the young Macedonian king intro- 
duced himself with the words, "I am 
Alexander, surnamed 'the Great.'" To 
which the philosopher replied, "And I am 
Diogenes, surnamed ' the Dog.' " The 
Athenians raised to his memory a pillar 
of Parian marble, surmounted with a dog, 
and bearing the following inscription : — 



DOG 



325 



DOLL COMMON 



" Say, dog, what guard you in that tomb ?" 
A dog. "His name?" Diogenes. From far?" 

SinopS, " He who made a tub his home ?" 
The same ; now dead, among the stars a star. 

Dog {The Thracian), Zo'ilus the gram- 
marian ; so called for his snarling, captious 
criticisms on Homer, Plato, and Isocrates. 
He was contemporary with Philip of 
Macedon. 

Dogs. The two sisters of Zobei'de (3 
syl.) were turned into little black dogs for 
casting Zobeide and " the prince " into the 
sea (See Zobeide). 

Dogs of War, Famine, Sword, and 
Fire. 

Then should the warlike Harry, like himself, 
Assume the port of Mars ; and at his heels, 
Leashed in like hounds,should Famine, Sword, 

and Fire 
Crouch for employment. 

Shakespeare, King Henry V. 1 chorus (1599). 

Dog-headed Tribes (of India), men- 
tioned in the Italian romance of Gueri'no 
Meschi'no. 

Dogberry and Verges, two ignorant 
conceited constables, who greatly mutilate 
their words. Dogberry calls " assembly " 
dissembli/; " treason " he calls perjury; 
" calumny " he calls burglary; " condemna- 
tion" redemption; "respect," suspect. 
When Conrade says, " Away ! you are an 
ass ;'' Dogberry tells the town clerk to write 
him down " an ass." " Masters," he says 
to the officials, " remember I am an ass." 
"Oh, that I had been writ down an ass ! " 
(act. iv. sc. 2). — Shakespeare, Much Ado 
About Nothing (1600.) 

Dogget, wardour at the castle of G-arde 
Doloureuse. — Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed 
(time, Henry II.). 



prize in the Thames rowing-match, given 
on the 1st of August every year. So 
called from Thomas Dogget, an actor of 
Drury Lane, who signalized the accession 
of George I. to the throne by giving annu- 
ally a waterman's coat and badge to the 
winner of the race. The Fishmongers' 
company add a guinea to the prize. 

Doiley (Abraham), a citizen and retired 
slop-seller. He was a charity boy, wholly 
without education, but made £80,000 in 
trade, and is determined to have " a 
larned skoUard for his son-in-law." He 
speaks of jomtry [geometry], joklate, 
jogrify, Al Mater, pinny -forty, and anti- 
hary doctors; talks of Scratchi [Gracchi], 
Horsi [Horatii], a study of horses, and so 
on. Being resolved to judge between the 
rival scholarship of an Oxford pedant and 
a captain in the army, he gets . both to speak 
Greek before him. Gradus, the scholar, 
quotes two lines of Greek, in which the 
yfrordpanta occurs four times. " Pantry !" 
cries the old slop-seller ; " you can't impose 
upon me. I know pantry is not Greek." 
The captain tries English fustian, and 
when Gradus maintained that the words 
are English, " Out upon you for a jacka- 
napes," cries the old man ; " as if I didn't 
know my own mother tongue !" and gives 
his verdict in favor of the captain. 

Elizabeth Doiley, daughter of the old 
slop-seller, in love with Captain Granger. 
She and her cousin Charlotte induce the 
Oxford scholar to dress like a beau to 
please the ladies. By so doing he disgusts 
the old man, who exclaims, " Oh, that I 
should ever had been such a dolt as to take 
thee for a man of larnen' ! " So the captain 
wins the race at a canter. — ^Mrs. Cowley, 
Who's the Dupe f . 



Dogget's Coat and Badge, the great Doll Common, a young woman in 



DOLL COMMON 



326 



DOLON 



league with. Subtle the alchemist and 
Face his ally. — B. Jonson, The Alchemist 
(1610). 

Mrs. Pritchard [1711-1768] could pass from 
■'Lady Macbeth" to "Doll Common."— Leigh 
Himt. 

Doll Tearsheet, a " bona-roba." This 
yirago is cast into prison with Dame Quick- 
ly (hostess of a tavern in Eastcheap), for 
the death of a man that they and Pistol 
had beaten. — Shakespeare, 2 Henry IV. 
(1598). 

DolalloUa (Queen), wife of King Ar- 
thur, very fond of stiff punch, but scorn- 
ing " vulgar sips of brandy, gin, and rum." 
She is the enemy of Tom Thumb, and op- 
poses his marriage with her daughter Hun- 
camunca ; but when Noodle announces that 
the red cow has devoured the pigmy giant- 
queller, she kills the messenger for his iU- 
tidings, and is herself killed by Frizaletta. 
Queen DoUaloUa is jealous of the giantess 
Glundalca, at whom his majesty casts 
" sheep's eyes." — Tom Thumb, by Fielding 
the novelist (1730), altered by O'Hara, au- 
thor of Midas (1778). 

Dolla Murrey, a character in Crabbe's 
Borough, who died playing cards. 

" A vole ! a vole ! " she cried ; " 'tis fairly won." 
This said, she gently with a single sigh 
Died. 

Crabbe, Borough (1810). 

Dolly. The most bewitching of the 
Bohemian household described in Frances 
Hodgson Burnett's Vagahondia. Piquante, 
brave, sonsie, and loving, she bears and 
smUes through the hardships and vicissi- 
tudes of her lot until she loses (as she 
thinks) the love and trust of " Griff," to 
whom she had been betrothed for years. 
Only his return and penitence save her 



from slipping out of a world that has few 
nobler women. 

Dolly of the Chop-house (Queen's 
Head Passage, Paternoster Eow and New- 
gate Street, London.) Her celebrity arose 
from the excellency of her provisions, at- 
tendance, accommodation, and service. 
The name is that of the old cook of the 
estabhshment. 

The broth reviving, and the bread was fair, 
The small beer grateful and as pepper strong, 
The beaf -steaks tender, and the pot-herbs young. 

Dolly Trull. Captain Macheath says 
she was " so taken up with stealing hearts, 
she left herself no time to steal anything 
else." — Gray, The Beggar's Opera, ii. I. 
(1727). 

Dolly Varden, daughter of Gabriel 
Varden, locksmith. She was loved to dis- 
traction by Joe Willet, Hugh of the May^ 
pole inn, and Simon Tappertit. Dolly 
dressed in the Watteau style, and was 
lively, pretty, and bewitching. — C. Dickens, 
Barnahy Budge (1841). 

Dol'on, "a man of subtle wit and 
wicked mind," father of Guizor (groom of 
Pollente tbe Saracen, lord of "Parlous 
Bridge"). Sir Ar'tegal, with, scant cere- 
mony, knocks the life out of Guizot, for 
demanding of him "passage-penny" for 
crossing the bridge. Soon afterwards, 
Brit'omart and Talus rest in Dolon's castle 
for the night, and Dolon, mistaking Brito- 
mart for Sir Artegal, sets upon her in the 
middle of the nigbt, but is overmastered. 
He now runs with his two surviving sons 
to the bridge, to prevent the passage of 
Britomart and Talus ; but Britomart runs 
one of them through, with her spear, and 
knocks the other into the river. — Spenser, 
Faery Queen v. 6 (1596), 



Paul and Florence Domhey 



" Tf^AUL'S favorite spot was quite a lonely one, far away from most 
J. loungers ; and with Florence sitting at his side at work or reading, 
to him, or talking to him, and the wind blowing on his face, and the 
water coming up among the wheels- of his bed, he wanted nothing more. 

* * * Another time, in the same place, he fell asleep. * * * 
Awaking suddenly, he listened, started up -and sat listening. 

"Florence asked him what he thought he heard. 

" 'I want to know what it says,' he answered, looking steadily in her 
face. ' The sea, Floy, what is it that it keeps on saying .? ' 

"She told him that it was only the noise of the rolling waves. 

" ' Yes ! yes I ' he said. 'But I know that they are always saying some- 
thing. Always the same thing ! What place is over there ? ' He rose up , 
looking eagerly at the horizon. 

"She told him that there was another country apposite, but he said he 
didn't mean that ; he meant farther away— farther away. 

Dickens' " Dombey and Son. ' ' 




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DOLON AND ULYSSES 



327 



DOM -DANIEL 



Dol'oii and Ulysses. Dolon under- 
took to enter the Greek camp and bring 
word back to Hector an exact account of 
everything. Accordingly he put on a 
wolfs skin and prowled about the camp 
on all fours. Ulysses saw through the 
disguise, and said to Diomed, "Yonder 
man is from the host . . we'U let him 
pass a few paces, and then pounce on him 
unexpectedly." They soon caught the fel- 
low, and having " pumped " out of him all 
about the Trojan plans, and the arrival of 
Rhesus, Diomed smote him with his fal- 
chion on the mid-neck and slew him. 
This is the subject of bk. x. of the Iliad 
and therefore this book is called " Dolonia" 
(" the deeds of Dolon " or " D81ophon'ia " 
(" Dolon's murder "). 

Full of cunning, like Ulysses' whistle 
When he allured poor Dolon. 

Byron, Don Jtian, xiii. 105 (1824). 

Dolopa'tos, the Sicihan king, who 
placed his son Lucien under the charge of 
"seven wise masters," When grown to 
man's estate, Lucien's step-mother made 
improper advances to him, which he re- 
pulsed, and she accused him to the king of 
insulting her. By astrology the prince 
discovered that if he could tide over seven 
days his life would be saved ; so the wise 
masters amused the king with seven tales, 
and the king relented. The prince him- 
self then told a tale which embodied his 
own history ; the eyes of the king were 
opened, and the queen was condemned to 
death. — Sandaiar^s Parables (French ver- 
sion). 

Dombey {Mr), a purse-proud, self-con- 
tained London merchant, living on Port- 
land place, Bryanstone Square, with offices 
in the City. His god was wealth; and 
his one ambition was to have a son, that 



the firm might be known as " Dombey and 
Son." When Paul was born, his ambition 
was attained, his whole heart was in the 
boy, and the loss of the mother was but a 
small matter. The boy's death turned his 
heart to stone, and he treated his daughter 
Florence not only with utter indifference, 
but as an actual interloper. Mr. Dombey 
married a second time, but his wife eloped 
with his manager, James Carker, and the 
proud spirit of the merchant was brought 
low. 

Paul Bomhey, son of Mr. Dombey; a 
delicate, sensitive httle boy, quite unequal 
to the great things expected of him. He 
was sent to Dr. Blimber's school, but soon 
gave way under the strain of school dis- 
cipline. In his short life he won the love 
of all who knew him, and his sister Flor- 
ence was especially attached to him. 
His death is beautifully told. During his 
last days he was haunted by the sea, and 
was always wondering what the wild 
waves were saying. 

Florence Dombei/, Mr. Dombey's daugh- 
ter; a pretty, amiable, motherless child, 
who incurred her father's hatred because 
she lived and throve while her younger 
brother Paul dwindled and died. Florence 
hungered to be loved, but her father had 
no love to bestow on her. She mar- 
ried Walter Gay, and when Mr. Dombey 
was broken in spirit by the elopement of 
his second wife, his grandchildren were 
the solace of his old age. — C. Dickens, 
Dombey and Son (1846). 

Dom-Daniel originally meant a public 
school for magic, established at Tunis; 
but what is generally understood by the 
word is that immense establishment, near 
Tunis, under the "roots of the ocean," 
established by Hal-il-Mau'graby, and com- 
pleted by his son. There were four en- 
trances to it, each of which had a stair- 



DOM -DANIEL 



328 



DONALD 



case of 4000 steps ; and magicians, gnomes, 
and sorcerers of every sort were expected 
to do homage there at least once a year 
to Zatanai [Satan]. Dom-Daniel was 
utterly destroyed by prince Habed-il- 
Eonman, son of the caliph of Syria. — 
Continuation of the Arabian Nights ("His- 
tory of Maugraby "). 

Sonthey has made the destruction of 
Dom-Daniel the subject of his Thalaba — 
in fact, Thalaba takes the office of Habed- 
il-Rouman; but the general incidents of 
the two tales have no other resemblance 
to each other. 

Domestic Poultry, in Dryden's Hind 
and Panther, means the Eoman Catholic 
clergy; so called from an establishment 
of priests in the private chapel of White- 
hall. The nuns are termed " sister partlet 
with the hooded head" (1687). 

Dominick, the " Spanish fryar," a kind 
of ecclesiastical Falstaff. A most im- 
moral, licentious Dominican, who for 
money would prostitute even the Church 
and Holy Scriptures. Dominick helped 
Lorenzo in his amour with Elvi'ra, the 
wife of Gomez. 

He is a huge, fat, religious gentleman . . . big 
enough to be a pope. His gills are as rosy as a 
turkey-cock's. His big belly walks in state be- 
fore him, like a harbinger; and his gouty legs 
come limping after it. Never was such a tun 
of devotion seen.— Dryden, The Spanish Fryar, 
ii. 3 (1680). 

Dominie Sampson. His Christian 
name is Abel. He is the tutor at EUan- 
gowan House, very poor, very modest, 
and crammed with Latin quotations. His 
constant exclamation is, " Prodigious ! " 

Dominie Sampson is a poor, modest, humble 
scholar, who had won his way through the 
classics, but fallen to the leeward in the voyage 
of life.— Sir W. Scott, Chiy Mannering (time, 
George II.). 



Domitian a Marksman. The em- 
peror Domitian was so cunning a marks- 
man that if a boy at a good distance off 
held up his hand and stretched his fingers i 
abroad he could shoot through the spaces 
without touching the boy's hand or any 
one of his .fingers. (See Tell, for many 
similar marksmen.) — Peacham, Complete 
Gentleman (1627). 

Domizia, a noble lady of Florence, 
greatly embittered against the republic 
for its base ingratitude to her two broth- 
ers, Porzio and Berto, whose death she 
hoped to revenge. 

I am a daughter of the Traversari, 

Sister of Porzio and Berto both . . . 

I knew that Florence, that could doubt their 

faith, 
Must needs mistrust a stranger's ; holding back 
Reward from them, must hold back his reward. 
Robert Browning, Luria, iii. 

Domsie {Dotninie), the schoolmaster of 
Drumtochty, under whose tuition George 
Howe, the son of Marget Howe of Whinny 
Knowe, is educated. It was at their home 
that grew the " bonnie brier bush " which 
gives its name to the story. Domsie fol- 
lows George's career from the days when 
he instructs him as a little lad, through 
his university studies, up to the time when 
the brilliant promise is frustrated by dis- 
ease, and George comes back at the close 
of his college course to die at home of con- 
sumption.— Ian Maclareu, Beside the Bon- 
nie Brier Bush (1894). 

Donacha dhu na Dunaigh, the High- 
land robber near Roseneath.— Sir W. 
Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, George 
IL). 

Donald, the Scotch steward of Mr, 
Mordent. Honest, plain-spoken, faith- 



DONALD 



329 



DONEGILD 



ful, and unflinching in his duty.— Hol- 
croft, The Deserted Daughter (altered into 
The Steward). 

Donald, an old domestic of MacAulay, 
the Highland chief.— Sir W. Scott, Legend 
of Montrose (time Charles I.). 

Donald of the Hammer, son of the 

laird of Invernahyle of the West High- 
lands of Scotland. When Green Colin 
assassinated the laird and his household, 
the infant Donald was saved by his foster- 
nurse, and afterwards brought up by her 
husband, a blacksmith. He became so 
strong that he could work for hours with 
two fore-hammers, one in each hand, and 
was therefore called Donuil nan Ord. 
When he was 21 he marched with a few 
adherents against Green Cohn, and slew 
him, by which means he recovered his 
patei'nal inheritance. 

Donald of the smithy, the " son of the hammer " 
Filled the banks of Lochawe with mourning and 

clamor. 

Quoted by Sir Walter Scott in Tales of 
a Grandfather, i. 39. 

Donar, same as Thor, the god of 
thunder among the ancient Teutons. 

Donatello, a young Italian whose mar- 
vellous resemblance to the Marble Faun of 
Praxiteles is the subject of jesting remark 
to three American friends. 

" So full of animal life as he was, so joyous 
in his deportment, so physically well-developed, 
he made no impression of incompleteness, of 
maimed or stinted nature." Yet his friends 
'• habitually allowed for him, exacting no strict 
obedience to conventional rules, and hardly notic- 
ing his eccentricities enough to pardon them." 

He loves Miriam, an American student, 
and resents the persecution of her by a 
mysterious man — a nominal " model " who 
thrusts his presence upon her at all incon- 
venient times. One night as he comes 
between Donatello and Miriam as they 



. lean on the parapet crowning the Tarpeian 
Eock, the ItaUan throws him over the 
precipice and kiUs him. From that mo- 
ment, although he is not accused of the 
deed, the joyous faun becomes the haunted 
man. 

" Nothing wiU ever comfort me ! " he says 
moodily to Miriam, when she would extenuate 
his crime. " I have a great weight here ! " 
lifting her hand to his breast. Wild creatures, 
once his loved companions, shun him as he, in 
turn, shuns the face of man. He disappears 
from the story, hand-in-hand with Miriam, 
bound, it would seem, upon a penitential pil- 
grimage, or to begin a new hie in another 
hemisphere. — ^Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Marble 
Faun (1860). 

Donation of Pepin. When Pepin 
conquered AtauLf (Adolphus), the ex- 
archate of Ravenna feU into his hands. 
Pepin gave the pope both the ex-archate 
and the republic of Rome ; and this mu- 
nificent gift is the world-famous " Donation 
of Pepin," on which rested the whole f abi^io 
of the temporal power of the popes (a.d. 
755). Victor Emmanuel, king of Italy, 
dispossessed the pope of his temporal 
sovereignty, and added the papal states to 
the united kingdom of Italy, over which 
he reigned (1870). 

Dondasch', an Oriental giant, contem- 
porary with Seth, to whose service he was 
attached. He needed no weapons, because 
he could destroy anything by his muscular 
force. 

Don'egild (3 syl.), the wicked mother 
of Alia, king of Northumberland. Hating 
Custance because she was a Christian, 
Donegild set her adrift with her infant 
son. When AHa returned from Scotland, 
and discovered this act of cruelty, he put 
his mother to death ; then going to Rome 
on a pilgrimage, met his wife and child, 
who had been brought there a little time 



DONEGILD 



330 



DORA 



previously. — Chaucer, Canterbury Tales 
(" The Man of Law's Tale," 1388). 

Don'et, the first grammar put into the 
hands of scholars. It was that of Dona'tus 
the grammarian, who taught in Eome in 
the fourth century, and was the preceptor 
of St. Jerome. When "Graunde Amour" 
was sent to study under Lady Gramer, 
she taught him, as he says : 

First my donet, and then my accedence. 
S. Hawes, The Pastime of Plesure, v. 
(time, Henry VII.). 

Doiii'ca, only child of the lord of 
Ar'kinlow (an elderly man). Young 
Eb'erhard loved her, and the Finnish 
maiden was betrothed to him. Walking 
one evening by the lake, Donica heard the 
sound of the death-spectre, and, fell lifeless 
in the arms of her lover. Presently the 
dead maiden received a supernatural vital- 
ity, but her cheeks were wan, her lips 
livid, her eyes lustreless, and her lap-dog 
howled when it saw her. Eberhard still 
resolved to marry her, and to church they 
went; but when he took Donica's hand 
into his own it was cold and clammy, the 
demon tied from her, and the body dropped 
a corpse at the feet of the bridegroom. — 
R. Southey, Donica (a Finnish ballad). 

Donnerhu'gel (BudolpJi), one of the 
Swiss deputies to Charles "the Bold," 
duke of Burgundy. He is cousin of the 
sons of Arnold Biederman, the landamman 
of Unterwalden {alias Count Arnold of 
Geierstein). 

Theodore Donnerhugel, uncle of Rudolph. 
He was page to the former baron of 
Arnheim [ArnMrne].— Sir W. Scott, Anne 
of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.). 

Do'ny, Florimel's dwarf.— Spenser, 
Faery Queen, iii. 5 and iv. 2 (1590, 1596). 



Doone {Lonia), the beautiful grand- 
daughter of Sir Ensor Doone, captain of 
a band of outlaws. He had been declared 
a rebel, and, with his family, had settled 
in a natural fastness of Exmoor. Lorna, 
the "little queen" of the outlaws, meets, 
while yet a child, the hero, John Ridd, a 
yeoman's son, whose father had been slain 
by the Doones. She becomes the idol of 
his boyish heart. After this first meeting 
he does not see her again for seven years, 
and then falls a hopeless victim to her 
charms. After many struggles, and much 
rivalry with Carver Doone, Lorna's cousin, 
John Ridd, who is a mighty man of his 
hands and of enormous physical strength, 
wins her as his wife. Just as they are 
standing before the clergyman to be mar- 
ried, Carver shoots Lorna, and she falls, 
apparently dead, at the bridegroom's feet. 
He pursues Carver, overtakes him, and gets 
the best of him in a wrestle. Ridd could 
strangle him, but releases him from his 
grip ; Carver staggers backward, slips into 
a quicksand, and is swallowed up. Lorna 
recovers and the story ends happily. — 
R. D. Blackmore, Lorna Doone (1869). 

Doorm, an earl who tried to make Enid 
his handmaid, and "smote her on the 
cheek " because she would not welcome him . 
—Tennyson, Idylls of the King ("Enid"). 

Dora [Spenlow], a pretty, warm- 
hearted little doll of a woman, with no 
practical views of the duties of life or the 
value of money. She was the "child- 
wife " of David Copperfield, and loved to 
sit by him and hold his pens while he 
wrote. She died, and David then married 
Agnes Wickfleld. Dora's great pet was a 
dog called " Jip," which died at the same 
time as its mistress. — C. Dickens, David 
Copperfield (1849). 



DORADO 



331 



DORIGEN 



Dora'do (EJ), a land of exhaustless 
wealth ; a golden illiision. OreUa'na, lieu- 
tenant of Pizarro, asserted that he had 
discoyered a " gold country " between the 
Orino'co and the Am'azon, in South 
America. Sir Walter Raleigh twice 
visited Gruia'na as the spot indicated, and 
published highly colored accounts of its 
enormous wealth. 

Dorali'ce (4 syl.) a lady beloved by 
Rodomont, but who married Mandricardo. 
— Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516). 

Dor'alis, the lady-love of Rodomont, 
king of Sarza or Algiers. She eloped with 
Mandricardo, kiag of Tartary. — Bojardo, 
Orlando Innamorato (1495), and Ariosto, 
Orlando Furioso (1516). 

Dorante (2 syl.\ a name introduced 
into three of Moliere's comedies. In Les 
FdchettJC he is a courtier devoted to the 
chase (1661). In La Critique de Vecole des 
Femmes he is a chevalier (1602). In Le 
Bourgeois Gentilliomme he is a count in love 
with the marchioness Doremene (1670). 

Daras'tus and Faunia, the hero and 
heroine of a popular romance by Robert 
Grreene, published in 1588, under the title 
of Pandosto and the Triumph of Time. On 
this "history" Shakespeare founded his 
Winter^s Tale. 

Dorax, the assumed name of Don 
Alonzo of Alcazar, when he deserted 
Sebastian, king of Portugal, turned rene- 
gade, and joined the emperor of Barbary. 
The cause of his desertion was that Sebas- 
tian gave to Henri' quez the lady betrothed 
to Alonzo. Her name was Violante (4 
syl). The quarrel between Sebastian and 
Dorax is a masterly copy of the quarrel 
and reconciliation between Brutus and 
Cassius in Shakespeare's Julius Ccesar. 



Sebastian says to Dorax, "Confess, 

proud spirit, that better he [Henrique^] 

deserved my love than thou." To this 
Dorax replies : 

I must grant, 
Yes, I must grant, but with a swelling soul, 
Henriquez had your love with more desert ; 
For you he fought and died ; I fought against 
you. 

Drayton, Don Sebastian (1690). 

Dorcas, servant to Squire Ingoldsby. — 
Sir W. Scott, Eedgauntlet (time, George 
III). 

Dorcas, an old domestic at Cumnor 
Place. — Kenilworth (time, Elizabeth). 

Doria D'Istria, a pseudonym of the 
Princess Koltzoif-Massalsky, a WaUachian 
authoress (1829- ). 

Arthur Donnithorn : Young Squire who 
seduces Hetty Sorrel in George Eliot's 
novel of Adam Beds. 

Doricourt, the fiance of Letitia Hardy. 
A man of the world and the rage of the 
London season, he is, however, both a 
gentleman and a man of honor. He had 
made the " grand tour," and considered 
English beauties insipid. — ^Mrs. Cowley, 
The Belle's Stratagem (1780). 

Montague Talbot [1778-1831]. 
He reigns o'er comedy supreme . . 
None show for light and airy sport, 
So exquisite a Doricourt. 

Crof ton Croaiker. 

Do'ridon, a beautiful swain, nature's 
"chiefest work," more beautiful than 
Narcissus, Ganymede, or Adonis. — ^Wm. 
Browne, Britannia's Pastorals (1613). 

Do'rigen, a lady of high family, who 
married Arvir'agus out of pity for his love 
and meekness. Aurelius sought to entice 
her away, but she said she would never 



DORIGEN 



332 



D'OEMEO 



listen to his suit till on the British coast 
" there n'is no stone y-seen." Aurelins by- 
magic caused all the stones to disappear, 
and when Dorigen went and said that her 
husband insisted on her keeping her word, 
Aurelius, seeing her dejection, replied, he 
would sooner die than injure so true a wife 
and noble a gentleman. — Chaucer, Canter- 
bury Tales (" The Franklin's Tale," 1388). 

(This is substantially the same as Boc- 
caccio's tale of JDianora and Gilierto, x. 6. 
See DiANOEA.) 

Dor'iiiiant, a genteel, witty libertine. 
The original of this character was the 
Earl of Eochester. — Gr. Etherege, The- Man 
of Mode or Sir Fopling Flutter (1676). 

The Dorimants and the Lady Touchwoods, in 
their own sphere, do not offend my moral sense ; 
in fact, they do not appeal to it at all. — C Lamb. 

(The " Lady Touchwood " in Congreve's 
Double Dealer, not the "Lady Francis 
Touchwood" in Mrs. Cowley's Belle's 
Strategem, which is quite another charac- 
ter. 

Dor'im^ne (3 syl.), daughter of Alcan- 
tor, beloved by Sganarelle (3 syl.) and Ly- 
caste (2 syl.). She loved "le jeu, les vis- 
ites, les assembles, les cadeaux, et les 
promenades, en un mot toutes les ehoses de 
plasir," and wished to marry to get free 
from the trammels of her home. She says 
to Sganarelle (a man of 63), whom she 
promises to marry, " Nous n'aurons jamais 
aucun demele ensemble; et je ne vous 
contraindrai point dans vos actions, com- 
me j'espere que vous ne me contraindrez 
point dans les miennes." — Moliere, Le Mar. 
iage Force (1664). 

(She had been introduced previously as 
the wife of SganareUe, in the Comedy of 
Le Cocu Imaginaire, 1660). 



Dorimene, the marchioness, in the Bow- 
geois Gentilhomme, by Moliere (1670). 

Dorin'da, the charming daughter of 
Lady Bountiful; in love with Aimwell. 
She was sprightly and light-hearted, but 
good and virtuous also. — George Farquhar, 
The Beaux' Stratagem (1707). 

Dorinda. The rustic maiden, slow and 
sweet in ungrammatical speech, who helps 
plant corn by day, and makes picturesque 
the interior of the cabin in the glare of 
"lightwood" torches by night; turns 
men's heads and wins children's hearts in 
Charles Egbert Craddock's tale. The 
Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains, 
(1885). 

Dorine' (2 syl.), attendant of Mariane 
(daughter of Orgon). She ridicules the 
folly of the family, but serves it faithfully. 
Moh6re, Le Tartuffe (1664). 

Dorla {St. John). A New Yorlj: girl of 
great beauty and tender conscience, who 
is beguiled into marrying a country law- 
yer because she thinks he is dying for love 
of her. Having left out of sight the pos- 
sibility that a loveless union leaves room 
for the entrance of a real passion, she is 
appalled at finding that she has slipped 
into an attachment to A Perfect Adonis, 
who has principle enough to leave her 
when he discovers the state of his own 
affections. Finding her a widow on his 
return to America, he presses his suit, 
and finds a rival in her only child, a 
spoiled baby of five or six years. Over- 
coming this obstacle, he weds the mother. 
— ^Miriam Coles Harris, A Perfect Adonis 
(1875). 

D'Onne'o, prime minister of Victor, 
Amade'us (4 syl), and also of his son and 



D'ORMEO 



333 



DOROTHEA 



successor Charles Emmanuel, king of Sar- 
dinia. He took Ms color from the king 
he served; hence under the tortuous, 
deceitful Victor, his policy was marked 
with crude rascality and duplicity; but 
under the truthful, single-minded Charles 
Emmanuel, he became straightforward 
and honest. — R. Browning, King Victor 
mid King Charles, etc. 

Dormer {Captain), benevolent, truth- 
ful, and courageous, candid and warm- 
hearted. He was engaged to Louisa 
Travers; but the lady was told that he 
was false and had married another, so 
she gave her' hand to Lord Davenant. 

Maria/nne Dormer, sister of the captain. 
She married Lord Davenant, who called 
himself Mr. Brooke; but he forsook her 
in three months, giving out that he was 
dead. Marianne, supposing herseH to be 
a widow, married his lordship's son. — 
Cumberland, The Mysterious Husband 
(1783). 

Dormer {Caroline), the orphan daughter 
of a London merchant, who was once very 
wealthy, but became bankrupt and died, 
leaving his daughter £200 a year. This 
annuity, however, she loses through the 
knavery of her man of business. When 
reduced to penury, her old lover, Henry 
Morland (supposed to have perished at 
sea), makes his appearance and marries 
her, by which she becomes the Lady 
Duberly. — G. Coleman, The Heir-at-Law 
(1797). 

Domton {Mr), a great banker, who 
adores his son Harry. He tries to be 
stern with him when he sees him going 
the road to ruin, but is melted by a kind 
word. 

Joseph Mxrnden [1758-1832] was the original 



representative of " Old Domton " and a host of 
other characters. — Memoir (1832.) 

Harry Domton, son of the above. A 
noble-hearted fellow, spoUt by over-in- 
dulgence. He becomes a regular rake, 
loses money at Newmarket, and goes 
post-speed the road to ruin, led on by 
Jack Milford. So great is his extrava- 
gance, that his father becomes a bankrupt ; 
but Sulky (his partner in the bank) comes 
to the rescue. Harry marries Sophia 
Freelove, and both father and son are 
saved from ruin. — Holcroft, The Bead to 
Buin (1792). 

Dorothe'a, of Andalusi'a, daughter 
of Cleonardo (an opulent vassal of the 
Duke Ricardo). She was married to Don 
Fernando, the duke's younger son, who 
deserted her for Lucinda (the daughter of 
an opulent gentlemen), engaged to Car- 
denio, her equal in rank and fortune. 
When the wedding day arrived, Lucinda 
fell into a swoon, a letter informed the 
bridegroom that she was already married 
to Cardenio, and next day she took refuge 
in a convent. Dorothea also left her 
home, dressed in boy's clothes, and con- 
cealed herself in the Sierra Morena or 
Brown Mountain. Now, it so happened 
that Dorothea, Cardenio, and Don Quixote's 
party happened to be staying at the Cres- 
cent inn, and Don Fernando, who had 
abducted Lucinda from the convent, 
halted at the same place. Here he found 
his wife Dorothea, and Lucinda her hus- 
band Cardenio. All these misfortunes 
thus came to an end, and the parties 
mated with their respective spouses. — 
Cervantes, Don Quixote, I. iv. (1605). 

Dorothe'a, sister of Mons. Thomas. — 
Beaumont and Fletcher, Mons. Thomas 
(1619). 



DOROTHEA 



334 



D'OSBOEN 



Dorothe'a, tlie "virgin martyr," attended 
by Angelo, an angel in tlie semblance of 
a page, first presented to Dorothea as a 
beggar-boy, to whom she gave alms. — 
Philip Massinger, The Virgin Martyr 
(1622). 

Dorothe'a, the heroine of Groethe's poem 
entitled Hermann and Dorothea (1797). 

Dor'otheus (3 syl.), the man who spent 
all his life in endeavoring to elucidate the 
meaning of one single word in Homer. 

Dor'othy {Old), the housekeeper of 
Simon Glover and his daughter " the fan- 
maid of Perth."- 
of Perth (time, Henry IV.) 



Sir. W. Scott, Fair Maid 



Dor'othy, charwoman of Old Trapbois 
the miser and his daughter Martha. — Sir 
W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.). 

Dorothy Pearson. The childless wife 
of a Puritan settler in New England. 
Her husband brings her home a boy whom 
he found crouching under the gallows of 
his Quaker father, and she adopts him at 
once, despite the opposition of " the con- 
gregation." A fortnight after he entered 
the family, his own mother invades the 
pulpit of the Orthodox meeting house, 
and delivers an anathema against her sect. 
Her boy presses forward to meet her, but, 
after a conflict of emotions she returns 
him to Dorothy. He submits, but pines 
for his mother through the months that 
pass before her return with the news of 
religious toleration. Dorothy's loving 
offices have smoothed the child's pathway 
to the grave, and she hangs above him 
with tears of maternal grief as he breathes 
his last in his mother's arms. — Nathaniel 
Hawthorne, The Gentle Boy (1851.) 

Dorothy Q. Oliver "Wendell Holmes's 



" grandmother's mother." Her portrait 
taken at the age of "thirteen summers, 
or less," is the subject of his Unes, " Dor- 
othy Q. A Family Portrait." 

" O, Damsel Dorothy ! Dorothy Q ! 
Strange is the gift liiat I owe to you ; 
Such a gift as never a king 
Save to daughter or son might bring, — 
Ah my tenure of heart and hand 
Ah my title to house and land, 
Mother and sister and child and wife 
And joy and sorrow, and death and life !" 

Dorrillon {Sir William), a rich Indian 
merchant and a widower. He had one 
daughter, placed under the care of Mr. and 
Miss Norberry. When this daughter 
(Maria) was grown to womanhood, Sir 
William returned to England, and wishing 
to learn the character of Maria, presented 
himself under the assumed name of Mr. 
Mandred. He found his daughter a fash- 
ionable young lady, fond of pleasure, 
dress, and play, but aif ectionate and good- 
hearted. He was enabled to extricate her 
from some money difficulties, won her 
heart, revealed himself as her father, and 
reclaimed her. 

Miss [Maria] Dorrillon, daughter of Sir 
William ; gay, fashionable, light-heart- 
ed, accomplished, and very beautiful. 
" Brought up without a mother's care or 
father's caution," she had some excuse for 
her waywardness and frivolity. Sir 
Greorge Evelyn was her admirer, whom for 
a time she teased to the very top of her 
bent ; then she married, loved and re- 
formed. — ^Mrs. Inchbald, Wives as they 
Were and Maids as they Are (1797). 

D'Osbom {Cownt), governor of the 
Griant's Mount Fortress. The countess 
Marie consented to marry him, because 
he promised to obtain the acquittal of 
Ernest de Fridberg, ("the State pris- 
oner"); but he never kept his promisa 



D'OSBOEN 



335 



DOUGAL 



It was by this man's treachery that Ernest 
was a prisoner, for he kept back the evi- 
dence of Greneral Bavois, declaring him 
innocent. He next employed persons to 
strangle him, bnt his attempt was thwarted. 
His villaiay being brought to light, he 
was ordered by the king to execution. — 
E. Stirhng, The State Prisoner (1847). 

Do'son, a promise-maker and promise- 
breaker. Antig'onos, grandson of Demet- 
rios [the besieger) was so called. 

Dot. (See Peebybingle.) 

Dotheboys Hall, a Yorkshire school, 
where boys were taken-in and done-for by 
Mr. Squeers, an arrogant, conceited, puff- 
ing, overbearing and ignorant school- 
master, who fleeced, beat, and starved the 
boys, but taught them nothing. — C. 
Dickens, Nicholas Nicklehy (1838). 

The original of Dotheboys HaU is stiU in ex- 
istence at Bowes, some five miles from Barnard 
Castle. The King's Head inn at Barnard Castle 
is spoken of in Nicholas Nicklehy, by Newman 
Noggs. — Notes and Queries, April 2, 1875. 

Doto, NysS, and IVerl'ng, the three 
nereids who guarded the fleet of Vasco da 
Gama. When the treacherous pilot had 
run the ship in which Vasco was sailing on 
a sunken rock, these sea nymphs lifted up 
the prow and turned it round. — Oamoens, 
Lusiad, ii. (1569), 

Douban, the physician, cured a Greek 
king of leprosy by some drug concealed 
in a racket handle. The king gave 
Douban such great rewards that the envy 
of his nobles was excited, and his vizier 
suggested that a man like Douban was 
very dangerous to be near the throne. 
The fears of the weak king being aroused, 
he ordered Douban to be put to death. 
When the physician saw there was no 



remedy, he gave the king a book, saying, 
" On the sixth leaf the king wUl find some- 
thing affecting his life." The king finding 
the leaves stick, moistened his finger with 
his mouth, and by so doing poisoned him- 
self. " Tyrant ! " exclaimed Douban, 
" those who abuse their power merit 
death." — Arabian Nights ("The Greek 
King and the Physician "). 

Douban, physician of the emperor 
Alexius. — Sir W. Scott, Count Robert of 
Paris (time Eufus). 

Dovible Dealer, {The) "The double 
dealer " is Maskwell, who pretends love to 
lady Touchwood and friendship to Melle- 
font (2. syl.), in order to betray them both. 
The other characters of the comedy also 
deal doubly : Thus Lady Froth pretends to 
love her husband, but coquets with Mr. 
Brisk ; and Lady Phant pretends to be 
chaste as Diana, but has a liaison with 
Careless. On the other hand Brisk pre- 
tends to entertain friendship for Lord 
Froth but makes love to his wife ; and 
Ned Careless pretends to respect and 
honor Lord Pliant, but bamboozles him 
in a similar way. — W. Congreve (1700). 

Doublefee {Old Jacob), a money-lender 
who accommodates the Duke of Bucking- 
ham with loans. — Sir W. Scott, Peveril of 
the Peak (time, Charles II). 

Doubting Castle, the castle of giant 
Despair, into which Christian and Hopeful 
were thrust, but from which they escaped 
by means of the key called " Promise." — 
Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, i. (1678). 

Dougal, turnkey at Glasgow, Tolbooth. 
He is an adherent of Rob Roy. — Sir W. 
Scott, Bob Boy (time, George I.). 



DOUGLAS 



336 



DOU&LAS 



Douglas, divided into The Black Doug- 
lases and The Bed Douglases. 

I, The Blacs Douglases (or senior 
branch). Each of these is called "The 
Black Douglas." 

The Hardy, William de Douglas, de- 
fender of Berwick (died 1302). 

The Good Sir James, eldest son of " The 
Hardy." Friend of Bruce. Killed by the 
Moors in Spain (1330). 

JEngland's Scourge and Scotland's Bul- 
wark, WUliam Douglas, knight of Liddes- 
dale. Taken at Neville's Cross, and killed 
by WUliam, first earl of Douglas, in 1353. 

The Flower of Chivalry, William de 
Douglas, natural son of "The Grood Sir 
James " (died 1384). 

James second earl of Douglas overthrew 
Hotspur. Died at Otterburn, 1388. This 
is the Douglas of the old ballad of Chevy 
Chase. 

Archibald the Grim, Archibald Doug- 
las, natural son of " The Good Sir James." 

The Black Douglas,'Willmm, lord of Niths- 
dale (murdered by the earl of Clifford, 1390). 

Tineman (the loser), Archibald, fourth 
earl, who lost the battles of Homildon, 
Shrewsbury, and Verneuil, in the last of 
which he was killed (1424). 

William Douglas, eighth earl, stabbed by 
James II., and then despatched with a bat- 
tle-axe by Sir Patrick Gray, at Stirling, 
February 13, 1452. Sir Walter Scott al- 
ludes to this in The Lady of the Lake. 

James Douglas, ninth and last earl (died 
1488). With him the senior branch 
closes. 

II. The Eed Douglases, a collateral 
branch. 

Bell-the-Cat, the great earl of Angus. 
He is introduced by Scott in Marmion. 
His two sons fell in the battle of Flodden 
Field. He died in a monastery, 1514. 



Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, 
and grandson of " Bell-the-Cat." James 
BothweU, one of the family, forms the 
most interesting part of Scott's Lady of 
the Lake. He was the grandfather of Darn- 
ley, husband of Mary Queen of Scots. He 
died 1560. 

James Douglas, earl of Morton, younger 
brother of the seventh earl of Angus. He 
took part in the murder of Eizzio, and 
was executed by the instrument called 
"the maiden" (1530-1581). 

The " Black Douglas," introduced by 
Sir W. Scott in Castle Dangerous, is " The 
Gud schyr James." This was also the 
Douglas which was such a terror to the 
English that the women used to frighten 
their unruly children by saying they 
would "make the Black Douglas take 
them." He first appears in Castle Danger- 
ous as " Knight of the tomb." The follow- 
ing nursery rhyme refers to him : — 
Hush ye, hush ye, little pet ye ; 
Hush ye, hush ye, do not fret ye ; 
The Black Douglas shall not get thee. 
Sir W. Scott, Tales of a Grandfather, i. 6. 

Douglas, a tragedy by J. Home (1757). 
Young Norval, having saved the life of 
Lord Randolph, is given a commission in 
the army. Lady Randolph hears of the 
exploit, and discovers that the youth is 
her own son by her first husband. Lord 
Douglas. Glenalvon, who hates the new 
favorite, persuades Lord Randolph that 
his wife is too intimate with the young 
upstart, and the two surprise them in 
familiar intercourse in a wood. The 
youth, being attacked, slays Glenalvon, 
but is in turn slain by Lord Randolph, 
who then learns that the young man was 
Lady Randolph's son. Lady Randolph, 
in distraction, rushes up a precipice and 
throws herself down headlong, and Lord 
Randolph goes to the war then raging be- 
tween Scotland and Denmark. 



DOUGLAS 



337 



DOVE 



Douglas {Archibald earl of), father-in- 
law of Prince Eobert, eldest son of Eobert 
III. of Scotland. 

Margery of Douglas, the earl's daughter, 
and wife of Prince Robert duke of Roth- 
say. The duke was betrothed to Ehzabeth, 
daughter of the earl of March, but the en- 
gagement was broken off by intrigue. — 
Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, 
Henry IV.). 

Douglas {George), nephew of the regent 
Murray of Scotland, and grandson of the 
lady of Lochleven. Q-eorge Douglas was 
devoted to Mary Queen of Scots. — Sir W. 
Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth). 

Douglas and the Bloody Heart. 

The heart of Bruce was entrusted to Doug- 
las to carry to Jerusalem. Landing in 
Spain, he stopped to aid the Castilians 
against the Moors, and in the heat of bat- 
tle cast the " heart," enshrined in a golden 
coffer, into the very thickest of the foe, 
saying, " The heart or death !" On he 
dashed, fearless of danger, to regain the 
coffer, but perished in the attempt. The 
family thenceforth adopted the "bloody 
Heart " as their armorial device. 

Douglas Larder {The). When the 
" Good Sir James " Douglas, in 1306, took 
his castle by coup de main from the English, 
he caused all the barrels containing flour, 
meal, wheat, and malt to be knocked in 
pieces and their contents to be thro ma on 
the floor ; he then staved in all the hogs- 
heads of wine and ale upon this mass. 
To this he flung the dead bodies slain and 
some dead horses. The English called 
this disgusting mass " The Douglas Lar- 
der." He then set fire to the castle and 
took refuge in the hills, for he said "he 
loved far better to hear the lark sing than 
the mouse cheep." 



*»* Wallace^s Larder is a similar phrase. 
It is the dungeon of Ardi'ossan, in Ayr- 
shire, where Wallace had the dead bodies 
of the garrison thrown, surprised by him 
in the reign of Edward I. 

Douloureuse Garde {La), a castle in 
Berwick-upon-Tweed, won by Sir Launce- 
lot du Lac, in one of the most terrific ad- 
ventures related in romance. In memory 
of this event, the name of the castle was 
changed into La Joyeuse Garde or La 
Garde Joyeuse. 

Dousterswivel {Herman), a German 
schemer, who obtains money under the 
promise of finding hidden wealth by a di- 
vining rod. — Sir W. Scott, The Antiquary 
(time, George III.). 

The incident of looking for treasure in the 
church is copied from one which LUy mentions, 
who went with David Ramsay to search for hid- 
den treasure in Westminster Abbey.— See Old and 
New London, i. 129. 

Dove {Dr.), the hero of Southey's novel 
called The Doctor (1834). 

Dove {Sir Benjamin), of Cropley Castle, 
Cornwall. A little, peaking, puling crea- 
ture, desperately hen-pecked by a second 
wife ; but madam overshot the mark, and 
the knight was roused to assert and main- 
tain the mastery. 

That very clever actor Cherry [1769-1812], 
appeared in " Sir Benjamin Dove," and showed 
himself a master of his profession. — Boaden. 

Lady Dove, twice married, first to Mr. 
Searcher^ king's messenger, and next to 
Sir Benjamin Dove. She had a tendresse 
for Mr. Paterson. Lady Dove was a ter- 
rible termagant, and when scolding failed 
used to lament for " poor dear dead Search- 
er, who , etc., etc." She pulled her 

bow somewhat too tight, and Sir Benjamin, 
asserted his independence. 



DOVE 



338 



DEAaON 



Sophia Dove, daughter of Sir Benjamin. 
Slie loved Robert Belfield, but was en- 
gaged to marry the elder brother Andrew. 
When, however, the wedding day arrived, 
Andrew was found to be a married man, 
and the younger brother became the bride- 
groom. — R. Cumberland, The Brothers 
(1769). 

Dowlas (Daniel), a chandler of Gosport, 
who trades in " coals, cloth, herrings, 
linen, candles, eggs, sugar, treacle, tea, 
and brickdust." This vulgar and illiterate 
petty shopkeeper is raised to the peerage 
under the title of " The Eight Hon. Daniel 
Dowlas, Baron Duberly." But scarcely 
has he entered on his honors, when the 
■" heir-at-law," supposed to have been lost 
at sea, makes his appearance in the person 
of Henry Morland. The " heir " settles 
on Daniel Dowlas an annuity. 

Dehorah Dowlas, wife of Daniel, and for 
a short time Lady Duberly. She assumes 
quite the airs and ton of gentUity, and teUs 
her husband " as he is a pear, he ought to 
behave as sich." 

Dick Dowlas, the son, apprenticed to an 
attorney at Castleton. A wild young 
scamp, who can " shoot wild ducks, fling 
a bar, play at cricket, make punch, catch 
gudgeons, and dance." His mother says 
'" he is the sweetest-tempered youth when 
Tie has everything his own way." Dick 
Dowlas falls in. love with Cicely Homespun, 
and marries her. — Gr. Colman, Heir-at-law 
>(1797). 

Miss Pope asked me about the dress. I an- 
swered. " It should be black bombazeen ..." I 
proved to her that not only " Deborah Dowlas," 
but all the rest of the dramatis personm ought to 
be in mourning . . . The three " Dowlases " as 
relatives of the deceased Lord Duberly ; Henry 
Morland" as the heir-at-law ; " Dr. Pangloss " 
as a clergyman, " Caroline Dormer " for the loss 
of her father, and " Kenrick " as a servant of the 
Dormer family. — James Smith. 



Dowlas {Old Dame), housekeeper to the 
Duke of Buckingham. — Sir W. Scott, 
Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). 

Dowling {Captain), a great drunkard, 
who dies in his cups. — Crabbe, Borough, 
xvi. (1810). 

Downer {Billy), an occasional porter 
and shoeblack, a diffuser of knowledge, a 
philosopher, a citizen of the world, and an 
"unfinished gentleman." — C. Selby, The 
Unfinished Gentleman. 

Downing', Professor, in the University 
of Cambridge. So called from Sir George 
Downing, bart., who founded the law pro- 
fessorship in 1800. 

Dowsabel, daughter of Cassemen (3 
syl.), a knight of Arden ; a ballad by M. 
Drayton (1593). 

Old Chaucer doth of Topaz tell, 
Mad Rabelais of Pantagruel, 
A later third of Dowsabel. 

M. Drayton, NympTiidxt. 

Drac, a sort of fairy in human form, 
whose abode is the caverns of rivers. 
Sometimes these dracs will float like gold- 
en cups along a stream to entice bathers, 
but when the bather attempts to catch at 
them, the drac di-aws him under water. — 
South of France Mythology. 

Dra'chenfels {^''Dragon rocks''^), so 
called from the dragon kiUed there by 
Siegfried, the hero of the Niebelungen Lied. 

Dragon {A), the device on the royal ban- 
ner of the old British kings. The leader 
was called the pendragon. Geoffrey of 
Monmouth says: "When Aure'lius was 
king, there appeared a star at Winchester, 
of wonderful magnitude and brightness, 
darting forth a ray at the end of which 



DEAGON 



339 



DRAKE 



was a flame in the form of a dragon." 
Uther ordered two golden dragons to be 
made, one of which he presented to Win- 
chester, and the other he carried with him 
as a royal standard. Tennyson says that 
Arthur's helmet had for crest a golden 
dragon." 

. . . they saw 
The dragon pt the great pendragonship. 
That crowned the state pavilion of the king. 
Tennyson, Guinevere. 

Dragon (The), one of the masques at 
Kennaquhair Abbey. — Sir W. Scott, The 
Abbot (time, Elizabeth). 

Dragon (The Bed), the personification of 
" the devil, " as the enemy of man. — 
Phineas Fletcher, The Purple Island, ix. 
(1633). 

Dragfon of "Wantley (i. e. Warncliff, in 
Yorkshire), a skit on the old metrical ro- 
mances, especially on the old rhyming 
legend of Sir Bevis. The ballad describes 
the dragon, its outrages, the flight of the 
inhabitants, the knight choosing his ar- 
mor, the damsel, the flght and the victory. 
The hero is called "More, of More Hall" 
(q. V.) — ^Percy, Beliques, III. iii. 13. 

(H. Carey, has a burlesque called The 
Dragon of Wantley, and calls the hero 
"Moore, of Moore Hall, " 1697-1743). 

Dragon's Hill (Berkshire). The legend 
says it is here that St. George killed the 
dragon; but the place assigned for this 
achievement in the ballad given in Percy's 
Beliques is " Sylene, in Libya." Another 
legend gives Berytus (Beyrut) as the place 
of this encounter. 

(In regard to Dragon Hill, according to 
Saxon annals, it was here that Cedric 
(founder of the West Saxons) slew Naud 
the pendragon, with 5,000 men.) 



Dragon's Teeth. The tale of Jason 
and jSietes is a repetition of that of Cad 
mus. 

In the tale of Cadmus, we are told the 
fountain of Arei'a (3 syl.) was guarded by 
a flerce dragon. Cadmus killed the dragon, 
and sowed its teeth in the earth. From 
these teeth sprang up armed men called 
"Sparti," among whom he flung stones, 
and the armed men fell foul of each other, 
tni aU were slain excepting five. 

In the tale of Jason, we are told that 
having slain the dragon, which kept watch 
over the golden fleece, he sowed its teeth 
in the ground, and armed men sprang up. 
Jason cast a stone into the midst of them, 
whereupon the men attacked each other, 
and were all slain. 

Dragons. 

Ahriman, the dragon slain by Mithra. 
— Persian Mythology. 

Dahae, the three-headed dragon slain by 
Thraetana-Ya^na. — Persian. 

Fafnir, the dragon slain by Sigurd. 

Gkendel, the dragon slain by Beowiilf, 
the Anglo-Saxon hero. 

La Gabgouille, the dragon which ravaged 
the Seine, slain by St. Romain of Eouen. 

Python, the dragon slain by Apollo. 
— Greek Mythology. 

Taeasque (2 syl.), the dragon slain at 
Aix-la-Chapelle by St. Martha. 

ZoHAK, the dragon slain by Peridun 
(Shahnameh). 

*#* Numerous dragons have no special 
name. Many are denoted Eed, White, 
Black, Great, etc. 

Drake (Joseph Eodman), author of The 
Culprit Fay and The American Flag, died at 
the early age of twenty-five. His elegy 
was written by Fitz-Green Halleck and is 
known as far as the English tougue is 
spoken. 



DRAKE 



340 



DREAMER 



" Green be the turf above thee, 
Friend of my better days ! 
None knew thee but to love thee, 
None named thee but to praise." 

(1820). 

Drama. The earliest European drama 
since the fall of the Western empire ap- 
peared in the middle of the fifteenth cen- 
tury. It is called La Celestina, and is di- 
vided into twenty-one acts. The first act, 
which runs through fifty pages, was com- 
posed by Rodridgo Cota ; the other twenty 
are ascribed to Ferdinando de Rojas. The 
whole was published in 1510. 

The earliest English drama is entitled 
jRaVph Roister Doister, a comedy by Nicho- 
las Udal (before 1551, because mentioned 
by T. Wilson, in his Eule of Reason, which 
appeared in 1551). 

The second English drama was Gammer 
Gurton's Needle, by Mr. S. Master of Arts. 
Warton, in his History of English Poetry 
(iv. 32), gives 1551 as the date of this 
comedy ; and Wright, in his Historia His- 
trionica, says it appeared in the reign of 
Edward VI., who died 1553. It is gener- 
ally ascribed to Bishop StiU, but he was 
only eight years old in 1551. . 

Drama {Father of the French), Etienne, 
JodeU (1532-1573). 

Father of the Greek Drama, Thespis (b. c. 
sixth century). 

Father of the Spanish Drama, Lopez de 
Vega (1562-1635). 

Drap, one of Queen Mab's maids of 
honor. — Drayton, Nymphidia. 

Dra'pier's Letters, a series of letters 
written by Dean Sivift, and signed " M. D. 
Drapier," advising the Irish not to take the 
copper money coined by WiUiam Wood, to 
whom George I. had given a patent. These 



letters (1724) stamped out this infamous 
job and caused the patent to be cancelled. 
The patent was obtained by the Duchess 
of KendaU (mistress of the king), who was 
to share the profits. 

Can we the Drapier then forget ? 

Is not our nation in his debt ? 

'Twas he that writ the " ©rapier's Letters." 

Dean Swift, Verses on his own death. 

Drawcan'sir, a bragging, blustering 
bully, who took part in a battle, and kUled 
every one on both sides, " sparing neither 
friend nor foe." — Greorge ViUiers, duke of 
Buckingham, The Rehearsal (1671). 

Juan, who was a little superficial, 

And not in literature a great Drawcansir. 

Byron, Don Juan, xi. 51 (1824). 

At length my enemy appeared, and I went 
forward some yards like a Drawcansir, but found 
myself seized with a panic as 'Paris was when 
he presented himself to fight with Menelaus. — 
Lesage, Oil Bias, vh. (1735). 

Dream Authorship. It is said that 
Coleridge wrote his Kubla Khan from his 
recollection of a dream. 

*#* Condillac (says Cabanis) concluded 
in his dreams the reasonings left incom- 
plete at bed-time. 

Dreams. The Indians believe all dreams 
to be revelations, sometimes made by the 
familiar genius, and sometimes by the 
" inner or divine soul." An Indian, hav- 
ing dreamt that his finger was cut off, had 
it really cut off the next day. — Charlevoix, 
Journal of a Voyage to North America. 

Dream'er {The Immortal), John Bun- 
yan, whose Pilgrim^s Progress is said by 
him to be a dream (1628-1688). 

*#* The pretense of a dream was one of 
the most common devices of mediaeval 
romance, as, for example, the Romance of 
the Rose and Piers Plowman, both in the 
fourteenth century. 



DREARY 



54] 



DROP SERENE 



Dreary {Wat), alias Beown Will, one 
of Macheath's gang of thieves. He is 
described by Peaehum as "an irregular 
dog, -witli an underhand way of disposing 
of his goods " (act i. 1). — Gray, The Beggar'>s 
Opera (1727). 

Drew {Timothy). A half-witted cobbler 
who, learning that a tailor had advertised 
for " frogs," catches a bagful and carries 
them to him, demanding one dollar a hun- 
dred. The testy tailor imagining himself 
the victim of a hoax, throws his shears at 
his head, and Timothy, in revenge empties 
the bag of bull-frogs npon the clean floor 
of Buckram's shop. Next day Timothy's 
sign was disfigured to read — " Shoes 
Mended and Frogs Caught. By Timothy 
Drew. — The Frog Catcher, Henry J. Finn, 
American Comic Annual 1831. 

Drink used by actors, orators, etc. 

Braham, bottled porter. 

Catley {Miss), linseed tea and madeira. 

Cooke {G. F.), everything drinkable. 

Emeey, brandy-and- water (cold). 

GrLADSTONE ( W. F.), an egg beaten up in 
sherry. 

Henderson, gum arable and sherry. 

Incledon, madeira. 

Jordan {Mrs.), calves'-foot jelly dis- 
solved in warm sherry. 

KJEAN {Edmund), beef-tea for breakfast, 
cold brandy. 

Lewis, muUed wine (with oysters). 

Oxberry, tea. 

Smith {William), coffee. 

Wood {Mrs.), draught porter. 

*#* J Kemble took opium. 

Brink. " I drink the air,^ says Ariel, 
meaning " I will fly with great speed. 

In Henry IV. we have " devour the way," 
meaning the same thing. 

Dri'ver, clerk to Mr. Pleydell, advocate, 



Edinburgh. — Sir W. Scott, Guy MoMuering 
(time, Q-eorge II.). 

Driver of Europe. The due de 

Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was so 
called by the empress of Russia, because 
he had spies all over Europe, and ruled 
by them all the political cabals. 

Dro'gio, probably Nova Scotia and 
Newfoundland. A Venetian voyager 
named Antonio Zeno (fourteenth century) 
so called a country which he discovered. 
It was said to lie south-west of Estotiland 
{Labrador), but neither Estotiland nor 
Drogio are recognized by modern geo- 
graphers, and both are supposed to be 
whoUy, or in a great measure, hypothet- 
ical. 

Dro'niio {The Brothers), two brothers, 
twins, so much alike that even their nearest 
friends and masters knew not one from 
the other. They were the servants of two 
masters, also twins and the exact fac- 
similes of each other. The masters were 
Antiph'olus of Ephesus and Antipholus of 
Syi'acuse. — Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors 
(1593). 

{The Comedy of Errors is, borrowed from 
the Menoschmi of Plautus). 

Dronsdaughter {Tronda), the old 
serving-woman of the Yellowleys. — Sir 
W. Scott, The Pirate (time, William III.). 

Drop Serene {Gutta Serena). It was 
once thought that this sort of blindness 
was an incurable extinction of vision by a 
transparent watery humor distilling on 
the optic nerve. It caused total blindness, 
but made no visible change in the eye. It 
is now known that this sort of blindness 
arises from obstruction in the capillary 
nerve- vessels, and in some cases at least is 
curable. Milton, speaking of his own 



DROP SERENE 



342 



DRUM 



blindness, expresses a doubt whether it 
arose from the Gutta Serena or the suffu- 
sion of a cataract. 

So thick a " drop serene " hath quenched their 

orbs, 
Or dim " suffusion " veiled. 

Milton, Paradise Lost, m. 25 (1665). 

Drood (Edwin), hero of Charles Dickens' 
unfinished novel of that name. 

Drudgeit (Peter), clerk to Lord Blad- 

derskate. — Sir W. Scott, JRedgawntlet (time, 
Greorge III.). 

Driigger (Abel), a seller of tobacco; 
artless and gullible in the extreme. He 
was building a new house, and came to 
Subtle "the alchemist" to know on which 
side to set the shop door, how to dispose 
the shelves so as to ensure most luck, on 
what days he might trust his customers, 
and when it would be unlucky for him so 
to do. — Ben Jonson, The Alchemist (1610). 

Thomas Weston was "Abel Drugger" him- 
self [1727-1776], but David Garriek was fond of 
the part also [1716-1779].— C. Dibdin, History of 
the Stage. 

Drugget, a rich London haberdasher, 
who has married one of his daughters to 
Sir Charles Racket. Drugget is "very 
fond of his garden," but his taste goes no 
further than a suburban tea-garden with 
leaden images, cockney fountains, trees 
cut into the shapes of animals, and other 
similar abominations. He is very head- 
strong, very passionate, and very fond of 
flattery. 

Mrs. Druggett, wife of the above. She 
knows her husband's foibles, and, like a 
wise woman, never rubs the hair the 
wrong way. — A. Murphy, Three Weeks 
after Marriage. 

■ Druid (The), the nom deplume of Henry 



Dixon, sportsman and sporting, writer. 
One of his books, called Steeple-chasing, 
appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine. 
His last work was called The Saddle and 
Sirloin. 

*#* Colhns calls James Thomson (author 
of The Seasons) a druid, meaning a pasto- 
ral British poet or " Nature's High Priest." 

In yonder grave a Druid lies. 
Collins (1746). 

Druid (Br.), a man of North "Wales, 65 
years of age, the travelling tutor of Lord 
Abberville, who was only 23. The doctor 
is a pedant and antiquary, choleric in 
temper, and immensely bigoted, wholly 
without any knowledge of the human 
heart, or indeed any practical knowledge 
at all. 

" Money and trade, I scorn 'em both ; . . . I 
have traced the Oxus and the Po, traversed the 
Eiphsean Mountains, and pierced into the inmost 
deserts of Kilmuc Tartary ... I have followed 
the ravages of Kuh Chan with rapturous 
delight. There is a land of wonders; finely 
depopulated ; gloriously laid waste ; fields with- 
out a hoof to tread 'em ; fruits without a hand 
to gather 'em : with such a catologue of pats, 
peetles, serpents, scorpions, caterpillars, toads, 
and putterflies ! Oh, 'tis a recreating contem- 
plation indeed to a philosophic mind !" — Cum- 
berland, The Fashionable Lover (1780). 

Druid Money, a promise to pay on the 
Greek Kalends. Patricius says : " Druidse 
pecuniam mutuo accipiebant in posteriore 
vita reddituri." 

Like money by the Druids borrowed, 
In th' other world to be restored. 

Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1 (1678). 

*#* Purchase tells us of certain priests 
of Pekin, " who barter with the people 
upon bills of exchange, to be paid in 
heaven a hundredfold." — Pilgrims, iii. 2. 

Drum (Jack), Jack Brumes entertainment 
is giving a guest the cold shoulder. 



DRUM 



343 



DRY-AS-DUST 



Shakespeare calls it " John Drum's enter- 
tainment '' (All Well, etc., act iii. sc. 6), and 
Holinshead speaks of "Tom Drum his 
entertaynement, which is to hale a man in 
by the heade, and thrust him out by both 
the shoulders." 

Drummle [Bentley) and Startop, two 

young men who read with Mr. Pocket. 
Drummle is a surly, ill-conditioned fel- 
low, who marries Estella. — C. Dickens, 
Great Expectations (1860). 

Drunken Parliament, a Scotch parlia- 
ment assembled at Edinburgh, January 1, 
1661. 

It was a mad, warring time, full of extrava- 
gaaice ; and no wonder it was so, when the men 
of affairs were almost perpetually drunk. — Bur- 
net, His Own Time (1723-34). 

Druon "the Stern," one of the four 
knights who attacked Britomart and Sir 
Scudamore (3 S2/l.). 

The warlike dame {Britomart) was on her part 

assaid 
By Clarabel and Blandamour at one ; 
While Paridel and Druon fiercely laid 
On Scudamore, both his professed fone [foes]. 

Spencer, Faery Qneen, iv. 9 (1596). 

Druses (Beturn of the). The Druses, a 
semi-Mohammedan sect of Syria, being 
attacked by Osman, take refuge in one of 
the Spor'ades, and place themselves under 
the protection of the Knights of Rhodes. 
These knights slay their sheiks and 
oppress the fugitives. In the sheik mas- 
sacre, Dja'bal is saved by Maa'ni, and 
entertains the idea of revenging his people 
and leading them back to Syria. To this 
end he gives out that he is Hakeem, the 
incarnate god, returned to earth, and soon 
becomes the leader of the exiled Druses. 
A plot is formed to murder the prefect of 
the isle, and to betray the Island to Venice, 



if Venice will supply a convoy for their 
return. An'eal (2 syl.), a young woman 
stabs the prefect, and dies in bitter disap- 
pointment when she discovers that Djabal 
is a mere impostor. Djabal stabs himself 
when his imposition is made public, but 
Loys, (2 syl.) a Brenton count, leads the 
exiles back to Lebanon. Robert Brown- 
ing. — The Beturn of the Druses. 

*#* Historically, the Druses, to the num- 
ber of 160,000 or 200,000, settled in Syria, 
between Djebail and Saide, but their 
original seat was Egypt. They quitted 
Egypt from persecution, led by Dara'zi 
or Durzi, from whom the name Druse 
(1 syl.) is derived. The founder of the 
sect was the hakem B'amr-ellah (eleventh 
century), believed to be incarnate deity,, 
and the last prophet who communicated 
between Grod and man. From this foun- 
der the head of the sect was called the 
hakem, his residence being Deir-el-Kamar. 
During the thirteenth or fourteenth cen- 
tury the Druses were banished from Syi-ia, 
and lived in exile in some of the Sporides, 
but were led back to Syria early in the 
fifteenth century by Count Loys de Duex, 
a new convert. Since 1588 they have 
been tributaries of the sultan. 

What say you does this wizard style himself — 
Hakeem BiamraUah, the Third Fatimite ? 
What is this jargon ? He the iusane prophet, 
Dead near three hundred years ! 

Robert Browning, The Beturn of the Druses. 

Dryas or Dryad, a wood-nymph, whose 
life was bound up with that of her tree 
(Greek, Spvdg, dpvdSog.) 

'■ The quickening power of the soul," like Mar- 
tha, " is busy about many things," or like " a 
Dryas living in a tree." — Sir John Davies, Im- 
mortality of the soul, xii. 

Dry-as-Dust {The Bev. Doctor), an hy- 
pothetical person whom Sir W. Scott 
makes use of to introduce some of his 



DEY-AS-DUST 



344 



DU CROISY 



Bovels by means of prefatory letters. The 
word is a synonym for a dull, prosy, plod- 
ding historian, with great show of learn- 
ing, but very little attractive grace. 

Dryden of Crernaany {The), Martin 
Opitz, sometimes called " The Father of 
German Poetry" (1597-1639). 

Dryeesdale (Jasper), the old steward 
at Lochleven Castle. — Sir W. Scott, The 
Ahott (time, Elizabeth). 

Dry'ope (3 syl.), daughter of King Dry- 
ops, beloved by Apollo. Apollo, having 
changed himself into a tortoise, was taken 
by Dryope into her lap, and became the 
father of Amphis'sos. Ovid says that 
Dryope was changed into a lotus {Met, x. 
331). 

Duar'te (3 syl.), the vainglorious son of 
Guiomar. — Beaumont and Fletcher, The 
Custom of the Country (1647). 

Dubosc, the great thief, who robs the 
night-mail from Lyons, and murders the 
courier. He bears such a strong likeness 
to Joseph Lesurques (act i. 1) that their 
identity is mistaken. — Ed. Stirhng, The 
Courier of Lyons (1852). 

Dubourg {Mons.), a merchant at Bor- 
deaux, and agent there of Osbaldistone of 
London. 

Clement Bulourg, son of the Bordeaux 
merchant, one of the clerks of Osbaldis- 
tone, merchant.— Sir W. Scott, Boh Boy 
(time, George I.). 

Dubric {St.) or St. Dubricius, archbish- 
op of the City of Legions {Caerleon-upon- 
Usk ; Newport is the only part left.) He 
set the crown on the head of Arthur, 
when only 15 years of age. Geoffrey says 



{British history, ix. 12) ; " This prelate, 
who was primate of Britain, was so emi- 
nent for his piety, that he could cure any 
sick person by his prayers. St. Dubric 
abdicated and lived a hermit, leaving 
David his successor. Tennyson intro- 
duced him in his Coming of Arthur, Enid, 
etc. 

St. Dubric, whose report old Carleon yet doth 
carry. 

Drayton, PolyoMon, xxiv. (1622). 

To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint, 
Chief of the Church in Britain, and before 
The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the king 
That morn was married. 

Tennyson, The Coming of Arthur. 

Ducho'mar was in love with Morna, 
daughter of Comae, king of Ireland. Out 
of jealousy, he slew Cathba, his more suc- 
cessful rival, went to announce his death 
to Morna, and then asked her to marry 
him. She replied she had no love for him, 
and asked for his sword. " He gave the 
sword to her tears," and'she stabbed him to 
the heart. Duchomar begged the maiden 
to pluck the sword from his breast that 
he might die ; and when she approached 
him for the purpose, " he seized the sword 
from her, and slew her." 

" Duch6mar, most gloomy of men ; dark are 
thy brows and terrible ; red are thy roUing eyes 
... I love thee not," said Morna ; " hard is thy 
heart of rock, and dark is thy temble brow." — 
Ossian, Fingal, i. 

Duchran {The laird of), a friend of 
Baron Bradwardine. — Sir W. Scott, Waver- 
ley (time, George II.). 

Du Croisy and his friend La Grange 
are desirous to marry two young ladies 
whose heads are turned by novels. The 
silly girls fancy the manners of these 
gentlemen |[too unaffected and easy to be 
aristocratic; so the gentlemen send to 
them their valets, as "the viscount de 



DU CEOISY 



345 



DUENNA 



Jodelet," and " the marquis of Mascarille." 
The girls are delighted whith their titled 
visitors ; but when the game had gone far 
enough, the masters enter and unmask the 
trick. By this means the girls are taught 
a useful lesson, without being subjected to 
any fatal consequence. — Moliere, Les Pre- 
cieuses Ridicules (1659). 

Dudley, a young artist ; a disguise as- 
sumed by Harry Bertram. — Sir W. Scott, 
Guy Mcmnering (time, George II.). 

Dudley (Captain), a poor English officer, 
of strict honor, good family, and many 
accomplishments. He has served his 
country for thirty years, but can scarcely 
provide bread for his family. 

Charles Dudley, son of Captain Dudley. 
High-minded, virtuous, generous, poor, 
and proud. He falls in love with his 
cousin Charlotte Rusport, but forbears 
proposing to her, because he is poor and 
she is rich. His grandfather's will is in 
time brought to light, by which he be- 
comes the heir of a noble fortune, and he 
then marries his cousin. 

Louisa Dudley, daughter of Captain 
Dudley. Young, fair, tall, fresh; and love- 
ly. She is courted by Belcour the rich 
West Indian, to whom ultimately she is 
married. — Cumberland, The West Indian 
(1771). 

Dudley Diamond (The). In 1868 a 
black shepherd named Swartzboy brought 
to his master, Nie Kirk, this diamond, and 
received for it £400, with which he drank 
himself to death. Nie Kirk sold it for 
£12,000; and the earl of Dudley gave 
Messrs. Hunt and RoskeU £30,000 for it. 
It weighed in the rough 88J carats, but 
cut into a heart shape it weighs 44J carats. 
It is triangular in shape, and of great 
brilliancy. * 



*#* This magnificent diamond, that 
called the "Stewart" (q. v.), and the 
" Twin," have all been discovered in Africa 
since 1868. 

Dudu, one of the three beauties of the 
harem, into which Juan, by the sultan's 
order, had been admitted in female attire. 
Next day, the sultana, out of jealousy, 
ordered that both Dudti and Juan should 
be stitched in a sack and cast into the 
sea ; but by the connivance of Baba the 
chief eunuch, they affected their escape. — 
Byron, Don Juan, vi. 42, etc. 

A kind of sleeping Venus seemed Dudn . . . 
But she was pensive more than melancholy . . . 
The strangest thing was, beauteous, she was 

holy, 
Unconscious, albeit turned of quick seventeen. 
Canto vi. 42-44 (1824). 

Duenna (The), a comic opera by R. B. 
Sheridan (1773). Margaret, the duenna, 
is placed in charge of Louisa, the daughter 
of Don Jerome. Louisa is in love with 
Don Antonio, a poor nobleman of Seville ; 
but her father resolves to give her in mar- 
riage to Isaac Mendoza, -a rich Portuguese 
Jew. As Louisa will not consent to her 
father's arrangement, he locks her up in 
her chamber, and turns the duenna out of 
doors, but in his impetuous rage he in 
reality turns his daughter out, and locks 
up the duenna. Isaac arrives, is intro- 
duced to the lady, elopes with her, and is 
duly married. Louisa flees to the convent 
of St. Catharine, and writes to her father for 
his consent to her marriage to the man of 
her choice; and Don Jerome supposing 
she means the Jew, gives it freely, and 
she marries Antonio. When they meet at 
breakfast at the old man's house, he finds 
that Isaac has married the duenna, Louisa 
has married Ahtonio, and his son has mar- 
ried Clara ; but the old man is reconciled 
and says, " I am an obstinate old fellow, 



DUENNA 



346 



DUKE AND DUCHESS 



■when I'm in the wrong, but you shall all 
find me steady in the right." 

Duessa {false faith), is the personifica- 
tion of the papacy. She meets the Eed 
Cross Knight in the society of Sansfoy 
{infidelity), and when the knight slays 
Sansfoy, she turns to flight. Being over- 
taken, she says her name is Fidessa {true 
faith), deceives the knight, and conducts 
him to the palace of Lucif'era, where he 
encounters Sans joy (canto 2). Duessa 
dresses the wounds of the Red Cross 
Knight, but places Sansjoy under the 
care of Escula'pius in the infernal regions 
(canto 4). The Red Cross Knight leaves 
the palace of Lucif era, and Duessa induces 
him to drink of the " Enervating Foun- 
tain ; " Orgoglio then attacks him, and 
would have slain him if Duessa had not 
promised to be his bride. Having cast 
the Red Cross Knight into a dungeon, 
Orgoglio dresses his bride in most gorge- 
ous array, puts on her head "a triple 
crown " {the tiara of the pope), and sets her 
on a monster beast with " seven heads " 
{the seven hills of Borne). Una {truth) sends 
Arthur (England) to rescue the captive 
knight, and Arthur slays Orgoglio, wounds 
the beast, releases the knight, and strips 
Duessa of her finery {the Beformation) ; 
whereupon she flies into the wilderness to 
conceal her shame (canto 7). — Spenser, 
Faery Queen, i. (1590). 

Duessa, in bk. v., allegorizes Mary queen 
of Scots. She is arraigned by Zeal before 
Queen Mercilla {Elizabeth), and charged 
with high treason. Zeal says he shall 
pass by for the present " her counsels false 
conspired" with Blandamour {earl of 
Northumberland), and Paridel {earl of West- 
moreland), leaders of the insurrection of 
1569, as that wicked plot came to naught. 



and the false Duessa was now " an unti- 
tled queen." When Zeal had finished, an 
old sage named the Kingdom's Care {Lord 
Burghley) spoke, and opinions were divid- 
ed. Authority, Law of Nations, and Re- 
ligion thought Duessa guilty, but Pity, 
Danger, Nobility of Birth, and Grief 
pleaded in her behalf. Zeal then charges 
the prisoner with murder, sedition, adult- 
ery, and lewd impiety; whereupon the 
sentence of the court is given against 
her. Queen Mercilla, being called on to 
pass sentence, is so overwhelmed with 
grief that she rises and leaves the court. — 
Spenser, Faery Queen, v. 9 (1596). 

Duff {Jamie), the idiot boy attending 
Mrs. Bertram's funeral. — Sir "W. Scott, 
Guy Mannering (time, George II.). 

Duke {My lord), a duke's servant, who 
assumes the airs and title of his master, 
and is addressed as "Your grace," or "My 
lord duke." He was first a country cow- 
boy, then a wig-maker's apprentice, and 
then a duke's servant. He could neither 
write nor read, but was a great coxcomb, 
and set up for a tip-top fine gentleman. — 
Rev. J. Townley, High Life Below Stairs 
(1763). 

Duke {The Iron), the duke of Welling- 
ton, also called "The Great Duke" (1769- 
1852). 

Duke and Duchess, m pt. II. of Don 

Quixote, who play so many sportive tricks 
on "the Knight of the Woeful Counte- 
nance," were Don Carlos de Borja, count 
of FicaUo, and Donna Maria of Aragon, 
duchess of ViUaher'mora, his wife, in 
whose right the count held extensive 
estates on the banks of the Ebro, among 
others a country seat called Buena'via, the 
place referred to by Cervantes (1615). 



DUKE OF MILAN 



347 



DUMAIN 



Duke of Mil'an, a tragedy by Massin- 
ger (1622). A play evidently in imitation 
of Shakespeare's Othello. " Sforza " is 
OthoUo; "Francesco," lago: "Marcelia," 
Desdemona: and "Eugenia," Emilia. 
Sforza " the More " [sic] doted on Marcelia 
his young bride, who amply returned his 
love. Francesco, Sforza's favorite, being 
left lord protector of Milan during a tem- 
porary absence of the duke, tried to cor- 
rupt Marcelia ; but failing in this, accused 
her to Sforza of wantonness. The duke, 
believing his favorite, slew his beautiful 
young bride. The cause of Francesco's 
villainy was that tha duke had seduced 
his sister Eugenia. 

*#* Shakespeare's play was produced 
1611, about eleven years before Massin- 
ger's tragedy: In act v. 1 we have " Men's 
injuries we write in brass," which brings 
to mind Shakespeare's line, "Men's evil 
manners live in brass, their virtues we 
write in water." 

(Cumberland reproduced this drama, 
with some alterations, in 1780). 

Duke Combe, William Combe, author 
of Dr. Syntax, and translator of The Devil 
upon Two Sticks, from Le Diable Boiteux of 
Lesage. He was called duhe from the 
splendor of his dress, the profusion of his 
table, and the magnificence of his deport- 
ment. The last fifteen years of his life 
were spent in the King's Bench (1743- 
1823). 

Dulcama'ra {Dr.), an itinerant physi- 
cian, noted for his pomposity ; very boast- 
ful, and a thorough charlatan, — Donizetti, 
DElisire d'Amore (1832). 

Dulcaruon. (See Dhtj'l Kabnein.) 

Dulcifluous Doctor, Antony Andreas, 



a Spanish minorite of the Duns Scotus 
school (*-1320). 

Dulcin'ea del Tobo'so, the lady of 
Don Quixote's devotion. She was a fresh- 
colored country wench, of an adjacent 
village, with whom the don was once in 
love. Her real name was Aldonza Lorenzo. 
Her father was Lorenzo Corchuelo, and 
her mother Aldonza Nogales. Sancho 
Panza describes her in pt. I. ii. 11. — Cer- 
vantes, Don Quixote, I. i. 1 (1605). 

"Her flowing hair," says the knight, "is of 
gold, her forehead the Elysian fields, her eye- 
brows two celestial arches, her eyes a pair of 
glorious suns, her cheeks two beds of roses, her 
hps two coral portals that guard her teeth of 
Oriental pearl, her neck is alabaster, her hands 
are polished ivory, and her bosom whiter than 
the new-f alien snow. 

Ask you for whom my tears do flow so ? 
'Tis for Dulcinea del Toboso. 

JDon Quixote, I in. 11 (1605). 

Dull, a constable. — Shakespeare, Lovers 
Labour's Lost (1594). 

Du'machus. The impenitent thief is 
so called in Longfellow's Golden. Legend, 
and the penitent thief is called Titus. 

In the apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus, 
the impenitent thief is called Grestas, and 
the penitent one Dysmas. 

In the story of Joseph of Arimathea, the 
impenitent thief is called Gesmas, and the 
penitent one Dismas. 

Alta petit Dismas, infelix inflma Gesmas. 
A Monkish Charm to Scare away Thieves. 

Dismas in paradise would dwell, 
But Gesmas chose his lot in heU. 

Dumain, a French lord in attendance 
on Ferdinand, king of Navarre. He agreed 
to spend three years with the king in 
study, during which time no woman was 
to approach the court. Of course, the 
compact was broken as soon as made. 



DUMAIN 



348 



DUN COW 



and Dumain fell in love witli Katharine. 
When however, he proposed marriage, 
Katharine deferred her answer for twelve 
months and a day, hoping by that time 
"his face would be more bearded," for, 
she said, " I'U mark no w;ords that smooth- 
faced wooers say." 

The young Dumaiii, a weU-accomplished youth, 
Of all that virtue love for virtue loved ; 
Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill ; 
For he hath wit to make an ill shape good, 
And shape to win grace, tho' he had no wit. 

Shakespeare, Lov^s Labour's Lost, act ii. sc. 1 
(1594). 

Du'marin, the husband of Cym'oent, 
and father of Marinel. — Spenser, Fairy 
Queen, m.. 4. 

Dumas (Alexandre D.), in 1845, pub- 
lished sixty volumes. 

The most skillful copyist, writing 12 hours a 
day, can with difficulty do 3,900 letters in an 
hour, which gives him 46,800 per diem, or 60 
pages of a romance. Thus he could copy 5 
volumes octavo per month and 60 in a year, 
supposing that he did not lose one second of 
time, but worked without ceasing 12 hours every- 
day thoughout the entire year. — De Mirecourt, 
Dumas Pere (1867). 

Dumb Ox {The). St. Thomas Aqui'nas 
was so called by his fellow-students at 
Cologne, from his taciturnity and dreami- 
ness. Sometimes called " The Great Dumb 
Ox of Sicily." He was larged-bodied, fat, 
with a brown complexion, and a large 
head partly bald. 

Of a truth, it almost makes me laugh 

To see men leaving the golden grain. 

To gather in piles the pitiful chaff 

That old Peter Lombard thrashed with his 

brain, 
To have it caught up and tossed again 
On the horns of the Dumb Ox of Cologne. 

Longfellow, The Golden Legend. 

(Thomas Aquinas was subsequently 
called " The Angelic Doctor," and the 
"Angel of the Schools," 1224-1274.) 



Dumbiedikes {The old laird of), an 
exacting landlord, taciturn and obstinate. 

The laird of Dumbiedikes had hitherto been 
moderate in his exactions . . . but when a stout, 
active young fellow appeared ... he began to' 
think so broad a pair of shoulders might bear 
an additional burden. He regulated, indeed, 
his management of his dependants as carters do 
their horses, never failing to clap an additional 
brace of hundred-weights on a new and willing 
horse.— Chap. 8 (1818). 

The young laird of Dumbiedikes (3 syl.), 
a bashful young laird, in love with Jeanie 
Deans, but Jeanie marries the Presby- 
terian minister, Eeuben Butler. — Sir W. 
Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, George 
II.). 

Dum'merar {The Rev. Dr.), a friend 
of Sir Geoffrey Peveril. — Sir W. Scott, 
Peveril of the PeaTt (time, Charles II.). 

Dummy or Supernumeeaby. "Ce- 
limene," in the Precieuses Ridicules, does 
not utter a single word, although she 
enters with other characters on the stage. 

Dumtous'tie {Mr. Daniel), a young 
barrister, and nephew of Lord Bladder- 
skate. — Sir W. Scott, Bedgauntlet (time, 
George III.). 

Dun {Squire), the hangman who came 
between Richard Brandon and Jack Ketch. 

And presently a halter got, 
Made of the best strong hempen teer, 
And ere a cat could lick his ear. 
Had tied him up with as much art 
As Dun himself could do for's heart. 

Cotton, Virgil Travestied, iv. (1677). 

Dun Cow {The), slain by Sir Guy of 
Warwick on Dunsmore Heath, was the 
cow kept by a giant in Mitchel Fold 
[middle-fold], Shropshire. Its milk was 
inexhaustible. One day an old woman, 
who had filled her pail, wanted to fill her 
sieve also with its milk, but this so en- 



DUN COW 



349 



DUNDEE 



raged the cow that it broke away, and 
wandered to Dunsmore, where it was 
killed. 

*#* A huge tusk, probably an elephant's, 
is still shown at Warwick Castle as one of 
the horns of this wonderful cow. 

Dunbar and March {George, ea/rl of), 
who deserted to Henry IV. of England, 
because the betrothal of his daughter Eliza- 
beth to the king's eldest son was broken 
' off by court iatrigue. 

JElisabeth Dunbar, daughter of the earl 
of Dunbar and March, betrothed to Prince 
Robert, duke of Eothsay, eldest son of 
Eobert III. of Scotland. The earl of 
Douglas contrived to set aside this betrothal 
in favor of his own daughter Elizabeth, 
who n;arried the prince, and became 
duchess of Eothsay. — Sir W. Scott, Fair 
Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). 

Duncan " the Meek," king of Scotland, 
was son of Crynin, and grandson of Mal- 
colm II., whom he succeeded on the throne. 
Macbeth was the son of the younger sister 
of Duncan's mother, and hence Duncan 
and Macbeth were first cousins. Sueno, 
king of Norway, having invaded Scotland, 
the command of the army was entrusted 
to Macbeth and Banquo, and so great was 
their success that only ten men of the in- 
vading army were" left alive. After the 
battle. King Duncan paid a visit to Mac- 
beth in his castle of Inverness, and was 
there murdered by his host. The suc- 
cessor to the throne was Duncan's son 
Malcolm, but Macbeth usurped the crown. 
— Shak^peare, Macbeth (1606). 

Duncan {Oinptain), of Knockdunder, 
agent at Eoseneath to the Duke of Buck- 
ingham. — Sir W. Scott, JSea/rt of Midlothian 
(time, Q^eorge II.). 



Duncan (Duroch), a follower of Donald 
Beau Lean. — Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, 
George II.). 

Dunce, wittily or willfully derived from 
Duns, surnamed " Scotus." 

In the Gaelic, donas [means] " bad luck " or in 
contempt, " a poor ignorant creature." The Low- 
land Scotch has donsie, " unfortunate, stupid." 
— Ifotes and Queries, 225, September 21, 1878. 

Dun'ciad (" the dunce epic "j, a satire by 
Alexander Pope — written to revenge him- 
self upon his literary enemies. The plot 
is this : Eusden the poet-laureate being 
dead, the goddess of Dulness elects CoUey 
Cibber as his successor. The installation 
is celebrated by games, the most import- 
ant being the " reading of two voluminous 
works, one in verse and the other in prose, 
without nodding." King Cibber is then 
taken to the temple of Dulness, and lulled 
to sleep on the lap of the goddess. In his 
dream he sees the triumphs of the empire. 
Finally the goddess having estabhshed the 
kingdom on a firm basis, Night and Chaos 
are restored, and the poem ends (1728-42). 

Dundas, (Sta/rvation), Henry Dundas, 
first Lord Melville. So called because he 
introduced into the language the word 
starvation, in a speech on American affairs 
(1775). 

Dunder {Sir David), of Dunder HaU, 
near Dover. An hospitable, conceited, 
whimsical old gentleman,' who forever in- 
terrupts a speaker with " Yes, yes, I know 
it," or " Be quiet, I know it." He rarely 
finishes a sentence, but runs on in this 
style : " Dover is an odd sort of . a — eh ? " 
" It is a dingy kind of a — humph ! " " The 
ladies will be happy to — eh 1 " He is the 
father of two daughters, Harriet and Kitty, 
whom he accidentally detects in the act of 
eloping with two guests. To prevent a 



DUNDEE 



350 



DUNTHALMO 



scandal, lie sanctions the marriages, and 
discovers that tlie two lovers, both in 
family and fortune, are suitable sons-in- 
law. 

Lady Bunder, fat, fair, and forty if not 
more. A country lady, more fond of 
making jams and pastry than doing the 
fine lady. She prefers cooking to croquet, 
and making the kettle sing to singing her- 
self. (See Haeeiet and Kitty.) — G. Col- 
man, Ways and Means (1788). 

Wmiam Dowton [1764-1851] played "Sir 
Anthony Absolute," " Sir Peter Teazle," " Sir 
David Dunder," and " Sir John Palstaff," and 
looked the very characters he represented. — ^W. 
Donaldson, Recollections. 

*#* " Sir Anthony Absolute," in The 
Bivals (Sheridan) ; " Sir Peter Teazle," in 
The School for Scandal (Sheridan). 

Dundrear'y {Lord), a good natured, in- 
dolent, blundering, empty-headed swell; 
the chief character in Tom Taylor's dra- 
matic piece entitled Our American Cousin. 
He is greatly characterized by his admira- 
tion of " Brother Sam," for his incapacity 
to follow out the sequence of any train of 
thought, and for supposing all are insane 
who differ from him. 

(Mr. Sothern of the Haymarket created 
this character by his power of conception 
and the genius of his acting.) 

Dunios {The count de), in Sir"W. Scott's 
novel of Quentin Durward (time, Edward 
IV.). 

Dunois the Brave, hero of the famous 
French song, set to music by Queen 
Hortense, mother of Napoleon III., and 
called Partant pour Syrie. His prayer to 
the Virgin, when he left for Syria, was : 

Que j'aime la plus belle, 
Et sois le plus vaillant ! 

He behaved with great valor, and the 
count whom he followed gave him his 



daughter to wife. The guests, on the 
bridal day, all cried aloud : 

Amour h la plus beUe ! 
Honneur au plus vaillant ! 
Words by M. de Laborde (1809). 

Dun'over, a poor gentleman introduced 
by Sir W. Scott in the introduction of 
The Heart of Midlothian (time, George II.). 

Dunrommath, lord of Uthal, one of 
the Orkneys, He carried off Oith'ona, 
daughter of Nuath (who was engaged to 
be married to Gaul, son of Morni), and 
was slain by Gaul in fight. 

Gaul advanced in his arms. Dunrommath 
shrunk behind his people. But the spear of 
G-aul pierced the gloomy chief ; his sword lopped 
off his head as it bended in death. — Ossian, 
Oithoha. 

Duns Scotus, called "The* Subtle 
Doctor," said to have been born at Dunse, 
in Berwickshire, or Dunstance, in North- 
umberland (1265-1308). 

*** John Scotus, called Erigena (" Erin- 
born"), is quite another person (*-886). 
Erigena is sometimes called " Scotus the 
Wise," and lived four centuries before 
" The Subtle Doctor." 

Dun-Shunner {Augustus), a nom de 
plnme of Professor "William Edmonstoune 
Aytoun, in Blackwood's Magazine (1813— 
1865). 

Duns'tan {St.), patron saint of gold- 
smiths and jewellers. He was a smith, 
and worked up all sorts of metals in his 
cell near Glastonbury Church. It was in 
this cell that, according to legend, Satan 
had a gossip with the saint, and Dunstan 
caught his sable majesty by the nose with 
a pair of red-hot forceps. 

Dmitlial'ino, lord of Teutha {the 
Tweed). He went "in his pride against 



DUNTHALMO 



351 



DUEINDANA 



Bathmor," chief of Clutha {the Clyde), but 
being overcome, " his rage arose," and he 
went "by night with his warriors" and 
slew Eathmor in his banquet hall. Touched 
with pity for his two young sons (Calthon 
and Cohnar), he took them to his own 
house and brought them up. " They bent 
the bow in his presence, and went forth to 
his wars." But observing that their coun- 
tenances fell, Dunthalmo began to be 
suspicious of the young men, and shut 
them up in two separate caves on the 
banks of the Tweed, where neither "the 
sun penetrated by day nor the moon by 
night." Colmal (the daughter of Dunthal- 
mo), disguised as a young warrior, loosed 
Calthon from his bonds, and fled with him 
to the court of Fingal, to crave aid for the 
liberation of Colmar. Fingal sent his son 
Ossian with 300 men to effect this object, 
but Dunthalmo, hearing of their approach, 
gathered together his strength and slew 
Colmar. He also seized Calthon, mourning 
for his brother, and bound him to an oak. 
At daybreak Ossian moved to the fight, 
slew Dunthalmo, and having released 
Calthon, " gave him to the white-bosomed 
Colmal." — Ossian, Calthon and Colmal. 

Dupeley (Sir Charles), a man who 
prided himself on his discernment of char- 
acter, and defied any woman to entangle 
him in matrimony ; but he mistook Lady 
Bab Lardoon, a votary of fashion, for an 
unsophisticated country maiden, and pro- 
posed marriage to her. 

" I should like to see the woman," he says, 
" that could entangle me . . . Shew me a woman 
. . . and at the first glance I will discover the 
whole extent of her artifice. — Burgoyne, The 
Maid of the Oaks, i. 1. 

Dnprfe [Du-ProAj'}, a servant of Mr. 
Darlemont, who assists his master in 
abandoning Julio, count of Harancour (his 
ward) in the streets of Paris, for the sake 



of becoming possessor of his ward's pro- 
perty. Dupre repents and confesses the 
crime. — Th. Holcroft, The Deaf and Dumb 
(1785). 

Duran'dal, the sword of Orlando, the 
workmanship of fairies. So admirable 
was its temper that it would " cleave the 
Pyrenees at a blow." — ^Ariosto, Orlando 
Furioso (1516) 

Durandar'te (4 syl.), a knight who fell 
at EoncesvaU^s (4s«/L). Durandarte loved 
Belerma whom he served for seven years, 
and was then slain ; but in dying he re- 
quested his cousin Montesi'nos to take his 
heart to Belerma. 

Sweet in manners, fair in favor, 
Mild in temper, fierce in fight. 



Lewis. 

Dur'den (Dame), a notable country 
gentlewoman, who kept five men-servants 
"to use the spade and flail," and five 
women-servants " to carry the milken- 
pail." The five men loved the five maids. 
Their names were : 

MoU and Bet, and Doll and Kate, and Dorothy 
Draggletail ; 

John and Dick, and Joe and Jack, and Hum- 
phrey with his flail. 

A WeWknown Glee. 

(In Bleak House, by C. Dickens, Esther 
Summerson is playfully called "Dame 
Durden.") 

Duretete (Captain), a rather heavy 
gentleman who takes lessons in gallantry 
from his friend, young Mirabel. Very 
bashful with ladies, and for ever sparring 
with Bisarre, who teazes him unmercifully 
[Dure-tait, Be-sar']. — Gr. Farquhar, The In- 
constant (1702). 

Durinda'na, Orlando's sword, given 
him by his cousin Malagi'gi. This sword 



DURINDANA 



352 



DWARF 



and tlie horn Olif ant were buried at tlie 
feet of the hero. 

*#* Charlemagne's sword "Joyeuse" 
was also buried with him, and "Tizo'na" 
was bui-ied with the Cid. 

Duroti'ges (4. syl.). Below the Hedui 
(those of Somersetshire) came the Duroti- 
ges, sometimes called Mor'ini. Their capi- 
tal was Du'rmum {Dorchester), and their 
territory extended to Vindel'ia {Portland 
Isle). — Richard of G\ven.Q,&str&, Ancient State 
of Britain, vi. 15. 

The DurotigSs on the Dorsetian sand. 

Drayton, Polyolbion, xvi. (1613). 

Durward {Quentin), hero and title of a 
novel by Sir W. Scott. Quentin Dur- 
ward is the nephew of Ludovic Lesly (sur- 
named Le Balafre ). He enrolls himself in 
the Scottish guard, a company of archers 
in the pay of Louis XI., at Plessis les 
Tours, and saves the king in a boar-hunt. 
When Liegesis is assualted by insurgents, 
Quentin Durward and the Countess Isa- 
belle de Croye escape on horseback. The 
countess publicly refuses to marry the 
due d'Orleans, and ultimately marries the 
yoimg Scotchman. 

Dusronnal, one of the two steeds of 
Cuthullin, general of the Irish tribes. The 
other was " Sulin-Sifadda " {q. v.). 

Before the left side of the car is seen the 
snorting horse. The thin-maned, high-headed, 
strong-hoofed, fleet, bounding son of the hill. 
His name Dusronnal, among the stormy sons of 
the sword . . . the [two] steeds like wreaths of 
mist fly over the vales. The mldness of deer is 
in their course, the strength of eagles descending 
on the prey. — Ossian, Mngal. i. 

Dutch School of painting, noted for 
its exactness of detail and truthfullness to 
life:— 



For Portraits : Rembrandt, Bol, Flinck, 
Hals, and Vanderhelst. 

For Conversation pieces : Gerhard Douw, 
Terburg, Metzu, Mieris, and Netscher. 

For low life : Ostard, Bower, and Jan 
Steen. 

For landscapes : Ruysdael, HobbSma, 
Cuyp, Vanderneer {moonlight scenes), Ber- 
chem and A. Both. 

For battle scenes: Wouvermans and 
Huchtenburg. 

For marine pieces: Vandevelde and 
Bakhuizen. 

For still life and flowers: KaK, A. vam 
Utrecht, Van Huysum, and De Heem. 

Dutch Housewifery. In his papers 
upon Old New York (1846J, John Fanning 
Watson pays a just tribute to Knicker- 
bocker housekeepers. 

" The cleanliness of Dutch housewifery was 
always extreme. Everything had to submit to 
scrubbing and scouring ; dirt in no form could 
be endured by them, and dear as water was in 
the city, where it was generally sold, still it was 
in perpetual requisition. It was their honest 
pride to see a well-furnished dresser, showing 
copper and pewter in shining splendor as if for 
ornament rather than for use. In all this they 
differed widely from the Germans, a people with 
whom they have been erroneously and often 
confounded. Eoost fowls and ducks are not 
more different. As water draws one it repels 
the other." 

Dutton {Mrs. Dolly), dairy-maid to the 
Duke of Argyll— Sir W. Scott, Heart of 
Midlothian (time George II.). 

Dwarf. The following are celebrated 
dwarfs of real life : — 

Andkomeda, 2 feet 4 inches. One of 
Julia's free maids. 

Akistratos, the poet. " So small," says 
Athenseos, " that no one could see him." 

Bebe (2 syl), 2 feet 9 inches. The dwarf 
of Stanislas, king of Poland (died 1764J. 



DWAEF 



353 



DWARF ALBEEICH 



BoBUWLASKi {Count Joseph), 2 feet 4 
inclies. Died aged ,98 (1739-1837). He 
had a brother and a sister both dwarfs. 

BuoHiNGER {Matthew), who had no arms 
or legs, bnt fins from the shoulders. He 
could draw, write, thread needles, and 
play the hautboy. Fac-similes of his 
writing are preserved among the Harleian 
MSS. (born 1674—*). 

Chung, recently exhibited with Chang 
the giant. 

CoIiO'bei {Prince,) of Sleswig, 25 inches ; 
weight, 25 lbs. (1851). 

CoNOPAs, 2 feet 4 inches. One of the 
dwarfs of Julia, niece of Augustus. 

CoppEKNiN, the dwarf of the princess of 
Wales, mother of Greorge III. The last 
court-dwarf in England. 

Cbachami {Caroline), a Sicilian, born at 
Palermo, 20 inches. Her skeleton is pre- 
served ia Himter's Museum (1814^1824). 

Deckek, or DucKEK {John), 2 feet 6 
inches. An Englishman (1610). 

Fabbel {Owen), 3 feet 9 inches. Born 
at Cavan. He was of enormous strength 
(died 1742;, 

Febby {Nicholas), usually called Bebe, 
contemporary with Boruwlaski. He was 
a native of France. Height at death, 2 
feet 9 inches (died 1737). 

Gibson {Bichard) and his wife Anne 
Shepherd. Neither of them 4 feet. Grib- 
son was a noted portrait painter, and a 
page of the back-stairs in the court of 
Charles I. The king honored the wedding 
with his presence; and they had nine 
children (1615-1690). 

Design or chance makes others wive, 
But Nature did this match contrive. 

Waller (1642). 

Hudson {Sir Jeffrey), 18 inches. He was 
born at Oakham, in Eutlandshire (1619— 
1678). 

Lucrns, 2 feet; weight 17 lbs. The 
dwarf of the Emperor Augustus. 



Phile'tas, a poet, so small that "he 
wore leaden shoes to prevent being blown 
away by the wind " (died b. c. 280). 

Philips {Calvin) weighed less than 2 lbs. 
His thighs were not thicker than a man's 
thumb. He was born at Bridgewater, 
Massachusetts, in 1791. 

EiTCHEE {David), 3 feet 6 inches. Native 
of Tweeddale. 

SouvBAY {Therese). 

Stobeuin {C. H.) of Nuremberg was less 
than 3 feet at the age of 20. His father, 
mother, brothers, and sisters Were aU 
under the medium height. 

Thumb {General Tom). His real name 
was Charles S. Stratton; 25 inches; 
weight, 25 lbs. at the age of 25. Born at 
Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1832. 

Thumb {Tom), 2 feet 4 inches. A Dutch 
dwarf. 

XiT, the royal dwarf of Edward VI. 

*»* Nicephorus Calistus tells us of an 
Egyptian dwarf " not bigger than a par- 
tridge." 

Dwarf of Lady Clerimond was named 
Pac'olet. She had a winged horse, which 
carried off Valentine, Orson, and Cleri- 
mond from the dungeon of of Ferragus to 
the palace of King Pepin; and subse- 
quently carried Valentine to the palace of 
Alexander, his father, emperor of Constan- 
tinople. Valentine and Orson (fifteenth 
century). 

Dwarf {The BlacJc), a fairy of malignant 
propensities, and considered the author of 
all the mischief of the neighborhood. In 
Sir W. Scott's novel so called, this imp is 
introduced under various aliases, as Sir 
Edward Mauley, Elshander the recluse, 
cannie Elshie, and the Wise Wight of 
Micklestane Moor. 

Dwarf Allberich, the guardian of the 



DWAKF ALBERICH 



354 



DYING- SAYINGS 



Niebeltmgen hoard. He is twice van- 
quislied by Siegfried, wlio gets possession 
of Ms cloak of invisibility, and makes 
himself master of the hoard. — The Niebe- 
lung en Lied (1210). 

Dwarf Peter, an allegorical romance 
by Ludwick Tieck. The dwarf is a castle 
spectre, who advises and aids the family, 
but aU his advice turns out evil, and aUhis 
aid is productive of trouble. The dwarf 
is meant for " the law in our members, 
which wars against the law of our minds, 
and brings us into captivity to the law of 
sin." 

Dwiming (Henbane), a pottingar or 
apothecary. — Sir "W. Scott, Fair Maid oj 
Perth (time, Henry IV.). 

Dying Sayings (real or traditional) : 

Addison. See how a Christian dies ! or See 
in what peace a Christian can die ! 

Anaxagoras. Give the boys a holiday. 

II Abria. My Paatus, it is not painful. 

t Augustus. Vos plaudite. (After asking 
how he had acted his part in life.) — Cicero. 

Beaufort {Cardinal Henry). I pray you all, 
pray for me. 

Berry fMde. de). Is not this dying with 
courage and true greatness? 

Bronte (the brother of the authoresses). 
While there is life there is will. (He died 
standing.) f 

Byron. I must sleep now. 

§ C^SAR [Julius). Et tu, Brute ! (To Brutus, 
when he stabbed him.) 

* Charlemagne. Lord, into thy hands I 
commend my spirit ! 

Charles I. (of England). Remember ! (To 
William Juxon, archbishop of Canterbury). 

Charles II. (of England). Don't let poor 
NeUie starve ! (NeU Grwynne). 

Charles V. Ah ! Jesus ! 

Charles IX. (of France). Nurse, nurse, 
what murder! what blood! Oh! I have done 
wrong. God pardon me ! 



Charlotte (The Princess). You make me 
drink. Pray, leave me quiet. I find it affects 
my head. 

Chesterfield. Give Day RoUes a chair. 

* Columbus. Lord, into Thy hands I com- 
mend my spirit ! 

Crome [John), O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I 
do love thee ! 

Cromwell. My desire is to make what haste 
I may to be gone. 

t Demonax (the philosopher). You may go 
home, the show is over. — Lucian. 

Elden {Lord). It matters not where I am 
going, whether the weather be cold or hot. 

Fontbnelle. I suffer nothing, but feel a 
sort of difficulty in living longer. 

Franklin. A dying man can do nothing 
easy. 

Gainsborough. We are all going to heaven, 
and Vandyke is of the company. 

George IV. Whatty, what is this? It is 
death, my boy. They have deceived me. (Said 
to his page, Sir Wathen Waller). 

Gibbon. Mon Dieu ! Mon Dieu ! 

Vi Goethe. More light ! 

Gregory VII. I have loved justice and hated 
iniquity, therefore I die in exile. 

* Grey (Lady Jane). Lord, iato thy hands 
I commend my spirit ? 

Grotius. Be serious. 

Haydn. God preserve the emperor ! 

Haller. The artery ceases to beat. 

Hazlitt. I have led a happy life. 

Hobbes. Now am I about to take my last 
voyage — a great leap in the dark. 

II Hunter {Br. William). If I had strength 
to hold a pen, I would write down how easy and 
pleasant a thing it is to die. 

Irving. If I die, I die unto the Lord. Amen. 

James V. (of Scotland). It came with a lass, 
and will go with a lass {i. e. the Scotch crown). 

Jefferson (of America). I resign my spirit 
to God, my daughter to my country. 

Johnson {Dr.). God bless you, my dear ! (To 
Miss Morris). 

Knox. Now it is come. 

Louis I. Huz! huz! (Bouquet says: "He 



DYINa SAYINGS 



355 



DYSMAS 



turned his face to the wall; and twice cried, 
" Huz ! huz ! {out, out), and then died.") 

Louis IX. I wiU enter now into the house of 
the Lord. 

II Louis XIV. Why weep ye ? Did you think 
I should live for ever I (Then after a pause) I 
thought dying had been harder. 

X Louis XVII. A king should die standing. 

Mahomet. 0, AUah, be it so! Henceforth 
among the glorious host of paradise. 

Margaret (of Scotland, wife of Louis XI. of 
Prance). Fi de la vie ! qu'on ne m'en parle 
plus. 

Marie Antoinettb. Farewell, my children, 
for ever. I go to your father. 

§ Masaniello. Ungrateful traitors! (Said 
to the assassins.) 

Mathews {Charles). I am ready. 

MiRABEAU. Let me die to the sounds of de- 
licious music. 

McKiNLEY ( William). Good-by, all, good-by. 
It is God's way. His will be done, not ours. 
(About an hour later he said to his wife) Nearer, 
my God, to Thee, e'en though it be a cross, has 
been my constant prayer. 

Moore {Sir John). I hope my country will 
do me justice. 

Napoleon I. Mon Dieu ! La nation Fran- 
caise ! T§te d'arm^e ! 

Napoleon III. Were you at Sedan ? (To Dr. 
Conneau.) 

Nelson. I thank God I have done my duty. 

Nero. QuaJis artifex pereo ! 

Palmer (the actor). ^ There is another and a 
better country. (This he said on the stage, it 
being a line in the part he was acting. From The 
Stranger.) 

Pitt ( William). 0, my country, how I love 
thee! 

PiZARRO. Jesu ! 

Pope. Friendship itself is but a part of vir- 
tue. 

t Rabelais. Let down the curtain, the farce 
is over. 

Sand {George). Laisez la verdure. (Mean- 
ing, " Leave the tomb green, do not cover it over 
with bricks or stone." George Sand was Mde. 
Dudevant.) 

Schiller. Many things are growing plain 
and clear to my understanding. 

Scott {Sir Walter). God bless you aU ! (To 
his family.) 



Sidney {Algernon). I know that my Redeem- 
er Hveth. I die for the good old cause. 

Socrates. Crito, we owe a cock to ^scula- 
pius. 

Stael {Mde. de). I have loved God, my 
father, and hberty. 

H Talma. The worst is, I cannot see. 

* Tasso. Lord, into thy hands I commend 
my spirit ! 

Thurlow (Lord). I'll be shot if I don't be- 
heve I'm dying. 

X Vespasian. A king should die standing. 

Webster. I stiU Hve ! 

William III. (of England). Can this last 
long? (To his physician). 

William op Nassau. God, have mercy up- 
on me, and upon this poor nation ! (This was 
said as he was shot by Balthasar Gerard, 1584). 

Wolfe {General). What! do they run al- 
ready 1 Then I die tappy. 

Wyatt {Thomas). That which I then said I 
unsay. That which I now say is true. (This 
to the priest who reminded him that he had ac- 
cused the Princess Elizabeth of treason to the 
council, and that he now alleged her to be iono- 
cent.) 

*#* Those names preceded by similar 
pilcrows indicate that the " dying words " 
ascribed to them are identical or nearly so. 
Thus the * before Charlemagne, Colum- 
bus, Lady Jane Grrey, and Tasso, show 
that their words were alike. So with the 
t before Augustus, Demonax, and Rabe- 
lais ; the t before Louis XVIII. and Ves- 
pasian ; the § before Caesar and Masani- 
ello; the II before Arria, Hunter, and 
Louis XIV. ; and the ^f before Groethe and 
Talma. 

Dys'colus, Moroseness personified in 
The Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher 
(1633). " He nothing liked or praised." 
Fully described in canto viii. (G-reek, dus' 
Mlos, "fretful.") 

Dysmas, Dismas, or Demas, the peni- 
tent thief crucified with our Lord. The 
impenitent thief is called Gesmas or Ges- 
tas. 

Alta petit Dismas, inf elix inflma Gesmas. 

Part of a Charm. 
To paradise thief Dismas went, 
But Gesmas died impenitent. 



EADBURGH 



356 



EATON THEOPHILUS 




5jADBURGH, daughter of 
Edward the Elder, king of 
England, and Eadgifu, his 
wife. When three years 
old, her father placed on 
the child some rings and 
bracelets, and showed her a chalice and a 
book of the Grospels, asking which she 
would have. The child chose the chalice 
and book, and Edward was pleased that 
" the child would be a daughter of Grod." 
She became a nun, and lived and died in 
Winchester. 

Eagle (The), ensign of the Eoman 
legion. Before the Cimbrian war, the 
wolf, the horse, and the boar were also 
borne as ensigns, but Marius abohshed 
these, and retained the eagle only, hence 
called emphatically " The Eoman Bird." 

Eagle {The Theban), Pindar, a native of 
Thebes (b.c. 518-442). 

Eagle of Brittany, Bertrand Du- 
guesclin, constable of France (1320-1380). 

Eagle of Divines, Thomas Aqui'nas 
(1224-1274). 

Eagle of Meaux [ilfo], Jacques B6nigne 
Bossuet, bishop of Meaux (1627-1704). 

Eagle of the Doctors of France, 

Pierre d'AUly, a great astrologer, who 
maintained that the stars foretold the 
great flood (1350-1425). 

EamscliflFe {Patrick), the young laird 
of Earnscliif e. — Sir W. Scott, Black Dwarf 
(time, Anne). 

Eastward Ho ! a comedy by Chap- 
man, Ma,rston, and Ben Jonson. For this 
drama the three authors were imprisoned 
"for disrespect to their sovereign lord, 



King James I." (1605), (See Westwabd 
Ho!). 

Easty {Mary), a woman of Salem (Mass), 
convicted of witchcraft, sends before her 
death a petition to the court, asserting her 
innocence. Of her accusers she says : "I 
know, and the Lord, He knows (as will 
shortly appear), that they belie me, and so 
I question not but they do others. The 
Lord alone, who is the searcher of all 
hearts knows, as I shall answer it at the 
tribunal seat, that I know not the least 
thing of witchcraft. Therefore I cannot, 
I durst not, belie my own soul." — Robert 
Caleb, More Wonders of the Invisible World 
(1700). 

Easy {Midshipman), hero of Marryatt's 
sea-story of same name. 

Easy {Sir Charles), a man who hates 
trouble; "so lazy, even in his pleasures, 
that he would rather lose the woman of 
his pursuit, than go through any trouble 
in securing or keeping her." He says he 
is resolved in future to " follow no pleasure 
that rises above the degree of amuse- 
ment." "When once a woman comes to 
reproach me with vows, and usage, and 
such stuff, I would as soon hear her talk 
of bills, bonds, and ejectments; her pas- 
sion becomes as troublesome as a law-suit, 
and I would as soon converse with my 
solicitor." (act iii.). 

Lady Easy, wife of Sir Charles, who 
dearly loves him, and knows all his 
"naughty ways," but never shows the 
slightest indication of ill-temper or jeal- 
ousy. At last she wholly reclaims him. 
— CoUey Cibber, The Careless Husband 
(1704). 

Eaton Theophilns {Governor). In his 
eulogy upon Governor Eaton, Dr. Cotton 



The 'Trusty Kckart 

Julius Adam, Artist 

h 

T IKE a wild man had Echart roamed about the forest, unconscious of 
I -^ himself or his misfortunes, he had lost all thought and in blank 
stupefaction satisfied his hunger with roots and herbs ; the hero 
would not now be recognised by any one, so sore had the days of his despair 
effaced him. As the storm came on, he awoke from his stupefaction, and 
again felt his existence and his woes, and saw the misery that had befallen 
Mm. He raised a loud cry of lamentation for his children ; he tore his white 
hair, and called out in the bellowing of the storm ; "Whither, whither are ye 
gone, ye parts of my heart? " 



{The Duke, who had killed Eckart' s sons, dies and bequeaths his own 
children to Eckart.) "I have taken you for my sons," said Eckart to the 
young Princes, as he once stood with them on the hill before the Castle, "your 
happiness must now be my posterity ; when dead, I shall still live in your 
joy." 

Tiech's "Trusty Eckart " {translated by T. Carlyle). 



rv 




IV 



EATON THEOPHILUS 



357 



ECOLE DES FEMMES 



Mather lays stress upon the distinc- 
tion drawn by that eminent christian man 
between stoicism and resignation. 

" There is a difference between a sullen silence 
or a stupid senselessness under tlie hand of God, 
and a childlike submission thereunto." 

" In his daily life, we are told, " he was affable, 
courteous, and generally pleasant, but grave per- 
petually, and so courteous and circumspect in 
his discourses, and so modest in his expressions, 
that it became a proverb for incontestable truth, 
— "G-overnor Eaton said it." — Cotton Mather, 
Magnolia Ghristi Americana (1702). 

Eberson (Earl), the young son of 
William de la Marek, " The Wild Boar of 
Ardennes." — Sir W. Scott, Quentin Dur- 
ward (time, Edward IV.). 

Eblls, monarch of the spirits of evil. 
Once an angel of hght, but, refusing to 
worship Adam, he lost his high estate. 
Before his fall he was called Aza'zel. 
The Kordn says: "When We [God] said 
unto the angels, 'Worship Adam,' they 
all worshipped except Eblis, who refused 
. . . and became of the number of unbe- 
lievers" (ch. ii.J. 

Ebon Spear {Knight of the), Britomart, 
daughter of King Eyence of Wales. — 
Spenser, Faery Queen, iii. (1590). 

Ebrauc, son of Mempric (son of Guen- 
dSlen and Madden) mythical king of Eng- 
land. He built Kaer-brauc [For A;], about 
the time that David reigned in Judea. — 
G-eoffrey, British Histonj, ii. 7 (1142), 

By Ebrauk's powerful hand 
York lifts her towers aloft. 

Drayton, PolyolMon, viii. (1612). 

Ecclesiastical History {The Father 
of), Eusebius of C^sarea (264-340). 

*#* His Historia Ecclesiastica, in ten 
books, begins with the birth of Christ and 



concludes with the defeat of Licinius by 
Constantine, a.d. 324. 

Echepli'ron, an old soldier, who re- 
buked the advisers of King Picrochole 
(3 syl), by relating to them the fable of 
The Man and his Ha'p'orth of Milk. The 
fable is as follows : — 

A shoemaker brought a ha'poth of milk : with 
this he was goiag to make butter; the butter 
was to buy a cow ; the cow was to have a calf ; 
the caU was to be changed for a colt ; and the 
man was to become a nabob ; only he cracked 
his jug, spilt his milk, and went supperless to 
bed. — Rabelais, Pantagruel, i. 33 (1533.) 

This fable is told in the Arabian Nights 
("The Barber's Fifth Brother, Alnas- 
char.") Lafontaine has put it into verse, 
Perrette et le Pot au Lait. Dodsley has the 
same, The Milk-maid and her Pail of Milk. 

Echo, in classic poetry, is a female, 
and in English also; but in Ossian echo 
is caUed " the son of the rock." — Songs of 
Selma. 

Eck'hart {The Trusty), a good ser- 
vant, who perishes to save his master's 
children from the mountain fiends. — Louis 
Tieck. 

(Carlyle has translated this tale into 
Enghsh.) 

Eclecta, the "Elect" personified in 
The Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher. 
She is the daughter of Intellect and 
Voleta {free-will), and ultimately becomes 
the bride of Jesus Christ, "the bride- 
groom" (canto xii., 1633). 

But let the Kentish lad [Phineas Fletcher] 
. . . that sung and crowned 
Eclecta's hymen with ten thousand flowers 
Of choicest praise ... be the sweet pipe. 
Giles Fletcher, Christ's Triumph, etc, (1610). 

!Ecole des Femmes, a comedy of 
Moliere, the plot of which is borrowed 



ECOLE DES FEMMES 



358 



EDG-AE 



from the novelletti of 8er Giovanni 
(1378.) 

Ector {Sir), "lord of many parts of 
England and Wales, and foster-father of 
Prince Arthur. His son Sir Key or Kay, 
was seneschal or steward of Arthur when 
he became king. — Sir T. Malory, History 
of Prince Arthur, i. 3 (1470.) 

*** Sir Ector and Sir Ector de Maris 
were two distinct persons. 

Ector de Maris {Sir), brother " of Sir 
Launcelot " of Benwick, i.e. Brittany. 

Then Sir Ector threw his shield, his sword, 
and his helm from him, and ... he fell down 
in a swoon ; and when he awaked, it were hard 
for any tongue to tell the doleful complaints 
\_lameniations\ that he made for his brother. 
" Ah, Sir Launcelot," said he, " head of all Chris- 
tian knights." . . . etc. — Sir. T. Malory, History 
of Prince Arthur, iii. 176 (1470.) 

Eden (A Journey to the land of), Col. 
WiUiam Evelyn Byrd of Westover Vir- 
ginia gives this name to a tract of Southern 
Virginia surveyed under his direction and 
visited by him in one of his numerous ex- 
peditions for the good of the young colony. 

(Colonel Byrd laid out upon his own 
ground the cities of Richmond and Peters- 
burgh, Va.) — WiUiam Evelyn Byrd, West- 
over MSS. (1728-39). 

Uden, in America. A dismal swamp, 
the climate of which generally proved 
fatal to the poor dupes who were induced 
to settle there through the swindling 
transactions of General Scadder and Gen- 
eral Choke. So dismal and dangerous 
was the place, that even Mark Tapley was 
satisfied to have found at last a place 
where he could " come out jolly with 
credit." — C. Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit 
(1844). 

Edenhall {The Luck of), an old painted 



goblet, left by the fairies on St. Cuthbert's 
Well in the garden of EdenhaU. The 
superstition is that if ever this goblet is 
lost or broken, there will be no more luck 
in the family. The goblet is in possession 
of Sir Christopher Musgrave, bart. Eden- 
haU, Cumberland. 

*** LongfeUow has a poem on The Luck 
of Edenhall, translated from Uhland. 

Edgar (959-775), "king of aU the 
English," was not crowned tiU he had 
reigned thirteen years (a. d. 973). Then 
the ceremony was performed at Bath. 
After this he sailed to Chester, and eight 
of his vassal kings came with their fleets 
to pay him homage, and swear fealty to ■ 
him by land and sea. The eight are Ken- 
neth {king of Scots), Malcolm {of Cumber- 
land), Maccus {of the Isles), and five Welsh 
princes, whose names were Dufnal, Siferth, 
Huwal, Jacob, and Juchil. The eight 
kings rowed Edgar in a boat (while he 
acted as steersman) from Chester to St. 
John's, where they offered prayer and then 
returned. 

At Chester, while he, [JEdgar] lived at more 

than kingly charge. 
Eight tributary kings they rowed him in his 

barge. 

Drayton, PolyolUon, xii. (1613). 

Edgar, son of Grloueester, and his law- 
ful heir. He was disinherited by Edmund, 
natural son of the earl. — Shakespeare, 
King Lear (1605). 

*#* This was one of the characters of 
Eobert Wilks (1670-1732), and also of 
Charles Kemble (1774-1854). 

Edgar, master of Ravenswood, son of 
Allan of Ravenswood (a decayed Scotch 
nobleman). Lucy Ashton, being attacked 
by a wild bull, is saved by Edgar, who 
shoots it ; and the two falling in love with 
each other, plight th«ir mutual troth, and 



EDGAR 



359 



EDITH PLANTAGENET 



exchange love-tokens at the "Mermaid's 
Fountain." While Edgar is absent in 
France on State affairs, Sir WiUiam Ash- 
ton, being deprived of his office as lord 
keeper, is induced to promise his daughter 
Lucy in marriage to Frank Hayston, laird 
of Bucklaw, and they are married; but 
next morning, Bucklaw is found wounded 
and the bride hidden in the chimney-cor- 
ner insane. Lucy dies in convulsions, but 
Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad. Edgar 
is lost in the quick-sands at Kelpies Flow, 
in accordance with an ancient prophecy. 
Sir W. Scott, Bride of Lammermoor (time, 
WiUiam III.). 

*#* In the opera, Edgar is made to stab 
himself. 

Edgar, an attendant on Prince Robert of 
Scotland. — Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of 
Perth (time Henry IV.). 

Edgardo, master of Ravenswood, in 
love with Lucia di Lammermoor [Lucy 
Ashton]. While absent in France on State 
affairs, the lady is led to believe him faith- 
less, and consents to marry the laird of 
Bucklaw ; but she stabs him on the bridal 
night, goes mad, and dies. Edgardo also 
stabs himself. Donizetti, Lucia di Lam- 
mermoor (1835). 

*#* In the novel called The Bride of Lam- 
mermoor, by Sir W. Scott, Edgar is lost in 
the quicksands at Kelpies Flow, in accord- 
ance with an ancient prophecy. 

Edgewood (UAbbe), who attended 
Louis XVI. to the scaffold, was called 
"Mons. de Firmount," a corruption of 
Fairymount, in Longford (Ireland), where 
the Edgeworths had extensive domains. 

Edging {Mistress), a prying, inischief 
making waiting-woman, in The Careless 
Husband, by Colly Gibber (1704.) . 



Edith (Leete.) Name of the two girls 
beloved and won by Julian West in his 
first and second lives. — Edward Bellamy, 
Looking Backward (1888). 

Edith, daughter of Baldwin, the tutor 
of RoUo and Otto, dukes of Normandy. — 
Beaumont and Fletcher, The Bloody 
Brother (1639). 

Edith, the " maid of Lorn" {Argyllshire), 
was on the point of being married to Lord 
Ronald, when Robert, Edward, and Isabel 
Bruce sought shelter at the castle. Edith's 
brother recognized Robert Bruce, and be- 
ing in the English interest a quarrel en- 
sued. The abbot refused to marry the 
bridal pair amidst such discord. Edith 
fled and in the character of a page had many 
adventures, but at the restoration of peace, 
after the battle of Bannockburn, was duly 
married to Lord Ronald. — Sir W. Scott, 
Lord of the Isles (1815). 

Edith {the lady), mother of Athelstane 
" the Unready " (thane of Conningsburgh). 
— Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.). 

Edith [Gkangee], daughter of the Hon. 
Mrs. Skewton, married at the -age of 18 
to Colonel Granger of " Ours," who died 
within two years, when Edith and her 
mother lived as adventuresses. Edith be- 
came Mr. Dombey's second wife, but the 
marriage was altogether an unhappy one, 
and she eloped with Mr. Carker to Dijon, 
where she left him, having taken this fool- 
ish step merely to annoy her husband for 
the slights to which he had subjected her. 
On leaving Carker she went to live with 
her cousin Feenix, in the south of England. 
— C. Dickens, Dombey and Son (1846)". 

Edith Plantagenet {The lady), called 
" The Fair Maid of Anjou," a kinswoman 



EDITH PLANTAGENET 



360 EDWAED THE BLACK PEINCE 



of Eichard I., and attendant of Queen 
Berenga'ria. She married David, earl of 
Huntingdon (prince royal of Scotland), 
and is introduced by Sir W. Scott in The 
Talisman (1825). 

Edmund, natural son of the earl of 
Gloucester. Both Goneril and Eegan 
(daughters of King Lear) were in love 
with him. Eegan, on the death of her 
husband, designed to marry Edmund, but 
Groneril, out of jealousy, poisoned her 
sister Eegan. — Shakespeare, King Lear 
(1605). 

Edmund Andros. In a letter to English 
friends (1698) Nathaniel Byfleld writes 
particulars of the revolt in the New En- 
land Colonies against the royal governor. 
Sir Edmund Andros. 

" We have, also, advice that on Friday last 
Sir Edmund Andros did attempt to make an 
escape m woman's apparel, and passed two 
guards and was stopped at the third, being dis- 
covered by his shoes, not having changed 
them." Nathaninel Byfleld. — An Account of the 
Late Bevolution in New England (1689). 

Edmund Dante (See Monte Cristo). 

Edo'nian Band (The), priestesses and 
other ministers of Bacchus, so called 
from Edo'nus, a mountain of Thrace, 
where the rites of the wine-god were cele- 
brated. 

Accept the rites your bounty weU may claim. 
Nor heed the scoffing of th' Edonian band. 

Akinside, Hymn to the Naiads (1767). 

Edric, a domestic at Hereward's bar- 
racks. — Sir W, Scott, Count Bohert of Paris 
(time, Eufus). 

Edward, brother of Hereward the Var- 
angian guard. He was slain in battle. — 
Sir W. Scott, Coimt Bohert of Paris (time, 
Eufus). 



Edtvard (Sir). He commits a murder, 
and keeps a narrative of the transaction in 
an iron chest. Wilf ord, a young mati who 
acts as his secretary, was one day caught 
prying into this chest, and Sir Edward's 
first impulse was to kill him; but on 
second thought he swore the young man 
to secrecy, and told him the story of the 
murder. WiKord, unable to live under 
the suspicious eye of Sir ^dward, ran 
away; but was hunted down by Edward, 
and accused of robbery. The whole trans- 
action now became public, and Wilford 
was acquitted. — G. Colman, The Iron Chest 
(1796). 

*#* This drama is based on Goodwin's 
novel of Caleb Williams. " Williams " is 
called Wilford in the drama, and "Falk- 
land " is called Sir Edward. 

Sowerby, whose mind was always in a fer- 
ment, was wont to commit the most ridiculous 
mistalces. Thus when " Sir Edward " says to 
"Wilford," "You may have noticed in my 
hbrary a chest," he transposes the words thus : 
" You may have noticed in my chest a hbrary," 
and the ^ house was convulsed with laughter. — 
Russell, Representative Actors (appendix). 

Edward II., a tragedy by C. Marlowe 

(1592), imitated by Shakespeare in his 
Bichard II. (1597). Probably most 
readers would prefer Marlowe's noble tra- 
gedy to Shakespeare's. 

Edward rv. of England, introduced 
by Sir W. Scott in his* novel entitled Anne 
of Geierstein (1829). 

Edward the Black Prince, a tragedy 
by W. Shirley (1640). The subject of 
this drama is the victory of Poitiers. 

Yes, Phihp lost the battle [Gressy] with the odds 

Of three to one. In this [Poitiers] . . ■ 

They have our numbers more than twelve times 

told. 
If we can trust report. 

Act iii. 2. 



EDWIDGE 



361 



EFESO 



Ed'widge, wife of William Tell.— Ros- 
sini, Guglielmo Tell (1829). 

Edwin "the minstrel," a youth living 
in romantic seclusion, with a great thirst 
for knowledge. He lived in Gothic days 
in the north countrie, and fed his flocks 
on Scotia's mountains. 

And yet poor Edwin was no vulgar boy, 

Deep thought oft seemed to fix his infant eye, 

Danties he heeded not, nor gaude, nor toy, 
Save one short pipe of rudest ministrelsy ; 

Silent when glad, affectionate, yet shy . . . 

And now he laughed aloud, yet none knew why. 

The neighbors stared and sighed, yet blessed the 
lad; 

Some deemed him wonderous wise, and some be- 
lieved him mad. 

Beattie, The Minstrel, 1. (1773). 

Edwin and Ang-eli'na. Angelina was 
the daughter of a wealthy lord, " beside 
the Tyne." Her hand was sought in mar- 
riage by many suitors, amongst whom was 
Edwin, "who had neither wealth nor 
power, but he had both wisdom and 
worth." Angelina loved him, but " trifled 
with him," and Edwin, in despair, left her 
and retired from the world. One day, 
Angelina, in boy's clothes, asked hospital- 
ity at a hermit's cell; she was kindly 
entertained, told her tale, and the hermit 
proved to be Edwin. From that hour 
they never parted more. — G-oldsmith, The 
Hermit. 

A correspondent accuses me of having taken 
this baUad from The Friar of Orders Gray . . . 
but if there is any resemblance between the two, 
Mr. Percy's baUad is taken from mine. I read 
my baUad to Mr. Percy, and he told me after- 
wards that he had taken my plan to form the 
fragments of Shakespeare into a ballad of his 
own.— Signed, 0. Goldsmith, 1767. 

Edwin and Emma. Emma was a 
rustic beauty of Stanemore, who loved 
Edwin " the pride of swains ;" but Edwin's 
sister, out of envy, induced his father, " a 



sordid man," to forbid any intercourse be- 
tween Edwin and the cottage. Edwin 
pined away, and being on the point of 
death, requested he might be allowed to 
see Emma. She came and said to him, 
" My Edwin, live for me ;" but on her way 
home she heard the death bell toU. She 
just contrived to reach her cottage door, 
cried to her mother, " He's gone !" and 
fell down dead at her feet. — ^MaUet, Edwin 
and Emma (a ballad). 

Ed'yrn, son of Nudd. He ousted the 
earl of Yn'iol from his earldom, and tried to 
to win E'nid, the earl's daughter, but failing 
in this, became the evil genius of the gentle 
earl. Ultimately, being sent to the court 
of King Arthur, he became quite a changed 
man — from a malicious "sparrow-hawk" 
he was converted into a courteous gentle- 
man. — Tennyson, Idylls of the King 
("Enid"). 

Efeso (St.), a saint honored in Pisa. 
He was a Eoman ofl&cer [Ephesus] in the 
service of Diocletian, whose reign was 
marked by a great persecution of the 
Christians. This Efeso or Ephesus was 
appointed to see the decree of the emperor 
against the obnoxious sect carried out in 
the island of Sardinia ; but being warned 
in a dream not to persecute the servants 
of the Lord, both he and his friend Potito 
embraced Christianity, and received a 
standard from Michael the archangel him- 
self. On one occasion, being taken captive, 
St. Efeso was cast into a furnace of flre, 
but received no injury; whereas those 
who east him in were consumed by the 
flames. Ultimately, both Efeso and Potito 
suffered martyrdom, and were buried in 
the island of Sardinia. When, however, 
that island was conquered by Pisa in the 
eleventh century, the rehcs of the two 
martjT-s were carried off and interred in 



EFESO 



362 



EaMONT 



the duomo of Pisa, and the banner of St. 
Efeso was thencefortli adopted as the 
national ensign of Pisa. 

Egalit6 (Philippe), the due d'Orleans, 
father of Lonis Philippe, king of France. 
He himself assumed this " title " when he 
joined the revolutionary party, whose 
motto was "Liberty, Fraternity, and 
EgaUte " (born 1747, guiUotined 1793). 

Ege'us (3 syl.), father of Her'mia. He 
summoned her before The'seus ( 2 syl.), 
duke of Athens, because she refused to 
marry Demetrius, to whom he had prom- 
ised her in marriage; and he requested 
that she might either be compelled to 
marry him or else be dealt with " accord- 
ing to law," i,e. " either to die the death," 
or else to "endure the livery of a nun, 
and Hve a barren sister all her life." 
Hermia refused to submit to an " unwished 
yoke," and fled from Athens with Lysander. 
Demetrius, seeing that Hermia disliked 
him but that Hel'ena doted on him, con- 
sented to abandon the one and wed the 
other. "When Egeus was informed there- 
of, he withdrew his summons, and gave 
his consent to the union of his daughter 
with Lysander. — Shakespeare, Midsummer 
NighVs Dream (1592). 

*#* S. Knowles, in The Wife, makes the 
plot turn on a similar "law of marriage" 
<1833). 

E'gril, brother of Weland; a great 
archer. One day, King Mdung com- 
manded him to shoot at an apple placed 
on the head of his own son. Egil selected 
two arrows, and being asked why he 
wanted two, rephed, "One to shoot thee 
with, O tyrant, if I fail." 

(This is one of the many stories similar 
to that of William Tell, q.v.) 



EgUo'na, the wife of Roderick, last of 
the Gothic kings of Spain. She was very 
beautiful, but cold-hearted, vain, and fond 
of pomp. After the fall of Roderick, 
Egilona married Abdal-Aziz, the Moorish 
governor of Spain ; and when Abdal-Aziz 
was killed by the Moorish rebels, Egilona 
feU also. 

The popular rage 
Fell on them both ; and they to whom her name 
Had been a mark for mockery and reproach, 
Shuddered with human horror at her fate. 

Southey, BodericJc, etc., xxii. (1814). 

Eg'la, a female Moor, a servant to 
Amaranta (wife of Bar'tolus, the covetous 
lawyer). — Beaumont and Fletcher, The 
Spanish Curate (1622). 

Eg'lamour (Sir) or Sir Eglamgee of 
Artoys, a knight of Arthurian romance. 
Sir Eglamour and Sir Pleindamour have 
no French original, although the names 
themselves are French. 

JEg'lamour, the person who aids Silvia, 
daughter of the duke of Milan, ia her 
escape. — Shakespeare, The Two Gentlemen 
of Verona (1594). 

Eg'lantine (3 syl). daughter of King 
Pepin, and bride of her cousin Valentine 
(brother of Orson). She soon died. — 
Valentine and Orson (fifteenth century). 

Eglantine [Madame), the prioress ; good- 
natured, wholly ignorant of the world, 
vain of her delicacy of manner at table, 
and fond of lap-dogs. Her dainty oath 
was "By Saint Eloy!" She "entuned 
the service swetely in her nose," and 
spoke French "after the scole of Strat- 
f ord-atte - Bowe." — Chaucer, Gamterhwry 
Tales (1388). 

Egmont. Dutch patriot executed by 



C. Huebtrlin, ArUat 




R. Brend'amour, Engraver 



'"#> 



i^GMONT the brave Hollander, who helped support WiUiam of 

J^J_j Orange, wa:% esfecukd by., the Spaniards in i^,68, on a charge of 

treaso',. Egtnont left a wife Mtd sroeral children, but Goethe 

^ iguprcs t]3h, and dcscrihs him as the lover of Cldrchen, a girl of Brussels. 

visits her one day iik^f^U couH-dress„maring the order of the Golden 

'^Idrcben. 

silent. Let me emh. , Let me took into thine eyes, 

— hope and u inf or t, joy and sorrow." (Sheem- 

I '•!€!' > tell me! It seems so strange. 

"" Egmoni I' Count r ■} 'uom ( The great Egmont who makes 

the world, who is ^ip0t and stay of the province^ " 




Ti-id flV 

bra • 
A,\ . 

so nil I.I ^ 



'^'i, C'T-cben, t iiin no/ !>■ 



Foi,r 



I ./thi hep 



h'piiionl. 

^I'st tboii, Cldirhen? Let nie sit doivn." (He seats himself, she kneels 

' r arms omhis knees and. looks up into his 
jdiK.j ■■ mat r.,i,'.'i- " " v.tihending Egmont, obligedio /v 

upon his guard, — /k,., i.,, , ^..■.d and perplexed, when the crowd 

esteem, him light-hearted iiitdg,.. , , -, rounded by friends in whom he dare 
h&t conjii'e. But this Egmont. darcheii. ;:'■ cnlui. unreserved, happv, 
beloved and known by the bnf of ' ■> thoroughly known to 

hivi.' '-This is ''"' f^'>^'i''"i' 

Cldrchen. 

"So let me no joy after. this." 

6('.'i'/v"' '^Egn.' mvicli's Translation.) 





EGMONT AND CLARCHEN. 



EGMONT 



363 



EIVIR 



order of Philip II. of Spain. — G-oetlie's 
Egmont (1788). 

Egypt, m Dryden's satire of Absalom 
and AcMtophel, means France. 

Egypt and Tyrus [Holland] intercept your 
toade. 

Part i. (1681). 

Egyptian Princess. Nitetis, the real 
daughter of Hophra, king of Egypt, and 
the assumed daughter of Amases, his suc- 
cessor. She was sent to Persia, as the 
bride of Cambyses, the king, but before 
their marriage, was falsely accused of in- 
fidelity, and committed suicide. — George 
Ebers, An Egyptian Princess. 

Egyptian Thief (The), Thyamis, a na- 
tive of Memphis. Knowing he must die, 
he tried to kiU Chariclea, the woman he 
loved. 

Why should I not, had I the heart to do it, 
Like to th' Egyptian thief at point of death, 
KiU what I love ? 
Shakespeare, Twelth Night, act v. so. 1 (1614). 

Eighth Wonder (The). When Gil Bias 
reached Pennaflor, a parasite entered his 
room in the inn, hugged him with great 
energy, and called him the" eighth wonder." 
When Gil Bias replied that he did not 
know his name had spread so far, the par- 
asite exclaimed, "How? we keep a regis- 
ter of aU the celebrated names within 
twenty leagues, and have no doubt Spain 
will one day be as proud of you as Greece 
was of the seven sages." After this, Gil 
Bias could do no less than ask the man to 
sup with him. Omelet after omelet was 
despatched, trout was called for, bottle fol- 
lowed bottle, and when the parasite was 
gorged to satiety, he rose and said, " Sig- 
nor Gil Bias, don't believe yourself to be 
the eighth wonder of the world because a 
hungry man would feast by flattering your 



vanity." So saying, he stalked away with 
a laugh. — Lesage, Gil Bias, i. 2 (1715). 

(This incident is copied from Aleman's 
romance of Guzman (P Alfa/rache, q. v.) 

Eikon Basil'ik© (4 syl.), the portraiture 
of a king (i e. Charles I.), once attributed 
to King Charles himself ; but now admit- 
ted to be the production of Dr. John Gau- 
den, who (after the restoration) was first 
created Bishop of Exeter, and then of 
Worcester (1605-1662). 

In the Eikon BasiliM a strain of majestic 
melancholy is kept up, but the personated sov- 
ereign is rather too theatrical for real nature, 
the language is too rhetorical and amplified, the 
periods too artificially elaborated. — HaUam, Lit- 
erature of Europe, m. 662. 

(Milton wrote his Eihonoclastes in an- 
swer to Dr. Gauden's Eikon Baslike.) 

Einer'iar, the hall of Odin, and asylum 
of warriors slain in battle. It had 540 
gates, each sufl&ciently wide to admit eight 
men abreast to pass through. — Scandina- 
vian Mythology. 

Einion (Father), Chaplain to Gwenwyn 
Prince of Powys-land. — Sir W. Scott, The 
Betrothed (time, Henry 11.) . 

Eiros. Imaginary personage, who in 
the other world holds converse with 
"Charmion" upon the tragedy that has 
wrecked the world. The cause of the ruin 
was " the extraction of the nitrogen from 
the atmosphere." 

" The whole incumbent mass of ether in which 
we existed burst at once into a species of intense 
fiame for whose surpassing brilhancy and all 
fervid heat even the angels in the high Heaven 
of pure knowledge have no name. Thus ended 
all." — Edgar Allen Poe, Conversation of Eiros and 
Charmion (1849). 

Eivir, a Danish maid, who assumes 



EIVIR 



364 



ELEANOR CROSSES 



boy's clothing, and waits on Harold " the 
Dauntless," as his page. Subsequently 
her sex is discovered, and Harold marries 
her. — Sir. W. Scott, Harold the Dauntless 
(1817). 

Elain, sister of King Arthur by the 
same mother. She married Sir Nentres 
of Carlot, and was by King Arthur the 
mother of Mordred. (See Eleen) — Sir 
T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 
(1470). 

*#* In some of the romances there is 
great confusion between Elain (the sister) 
and Morgause (the half-sister) of Arthur. 
Both are called the mother of Mordred, 
and both are also called the wife of Lot. 
This, however, is a mistake. Elain was 
the wife of Sir Nentres, and Morgause of 
Lot ; and if Gawain, Agrawain, Grareth and 
Gaheris were [half] brothers of Mordred, 
as we are told over and over again, then 
Morgause and not Elain was his mother. 
Tennyson makes Bellicent the wife of 
Lot, but this is not in accordance with 
any of the legends collected by Sir T. 
Malory. 

Elaine (Dame), daughter of King Pelles 
(2 syl.) " the foragn country," and the un- 
wedded mother of Sir Galahad by Sir 
Launcelot du Lac. — Sir T. Maloiy, History 
of Prince Arthur, iii. 1 (1470). 

Elaine, daughter of King Brandeg'oris, 
by whom Sir Bors de Ganis had a chUd. 

*#* It is by no means clear from the history 
whether Elaine was the daughter of King 
Brandegoris, or the daughter of Sir Bors 
and granddaughter of King Brandegoris. 

Elaine' (2 syl.), the strong contrast of 
Guinevere. Guiuevere's love for Launce- 
lot was gross and sensual, Elaine's was 



platonic and pure as that of a child ; but 
both were masterful in their strength. 
Elaine is called " the lily maid of Astolat " 
(Guildford), and knowing that Launcelot 
was pledged to celibacy, she pined and 
died. According to her dying request, 
her dead body was placed on a bed in a 
barge, and was thus conveyed by a dumb 
servitor to the palace of King Arthur. A 
letter was handed to the king, telling the 
tale of Elaine's love, and the king ordered 
the body to be buried, and her story to be bla- 
zoned on her tomb. — Tennyson, Idylls of 
the King ("Elaine"). 



El'amites (3 syl), Persians, 
from Elam, son of Shem. 



So called 



El'bericli, the most famous dwarf of 
German romance. — The Heldenbuch. 

El'bow, a well-meaning but loutish 
constable. — Shakespeare, Measure for 
Measure (1603). 

El'eanor, queen-consort of Henry II., 

alluded to by the Presbyterian minister in 
Woodstock, X. (1826). 

" Believe me, young man, thy servant was 
more likely to see visions than to dream idle 
dreams in that apartment; for I have always 
heard that, next to Rosamond's Bower, in which 
. . . she played the wanton, and was after- 
wards poisoned by Queen Eleanor, Victor Lee's 
chamber was the place . . . peeuharly the 
haunt of evil spirits. — Sir W. Scott, Woodstock 
(time, Commonwealth). 

Eleanor Crosses, twelve or fourteen 
crosses erected by Edward I. in the 
various towns where the body of his queen 
rested, when it was conveyed from Her- 
delie, near Lincoln, to Westminster. 
The three that still remain are Gedding- 
ton, Northampton, and Waltham. 




rOuf B. Roitnthal, ^rtitt 






^ 



" OO THESE two brethren from the chariot took 

KJ And on the black decks laid her in the bed. 
Set in her band a Uly^ o'er her hung 

The silken case with braided blaipnings. 

And kissed bet quie^rous, and saying to her ' 

' Sister, farewell forever, ' and again 
'Farewell, sweet sister,' parted all in tears. 

Then rose the dumb old servitor, and the dead, 

Oar'd by the dumb, went upward with the flood. 

In her right hand the lily, in her left 

^e' letter-^ all her bright hair streaming down-" 

And all the coaierlid was cloth of gold 

Drawn to her waist; and she herself in white 

All but her face, akd that clear-featured face 

Was lovc'y, for she did not seem as dead. 

But fast asleep, and lay as though she smiled. " 

Tennyson '$ " Elaine. " 



^' 



ELEAZAR 



ELFTHEYTH 



Eleazar the Moor, insolent, blood- 
thirsty, lustful, and vindictive, like 
"Aaron," in [Shakespeare's?] Titus An- 
dron'icus. The lascivious queen of Spain 
is in love with this monster. — C. Marlowe, 
Lusffs dominion or The Lascivious Queen 
(1588). 

Elea'sar, a famous mathematician, who 
cast out devils by tying to the nose of the 
possessed a mystical ring, which the de- 
mon no sooner smelled than he abandoned 
the victim. He performed before the 
Emperor Vespasian; and to prove that 
something came out of the possessed, he 
commanded the demon in making off to 
upset a pitcher of water, which it did. 

I imagine if Eleazar's ring had been put under 
their noses, we should have seen devils issue with 
their breath, so loud were these disputants. — 
Lesage, Gil Bias, v. 12 (1724). 

Elector (The Great), Frederick Wil- 
liam of Brandenburg (1620-1688). 

Elein, wife of King Ban of Benwick 
{Brittany), and mother of Sir Launcelot and 
Sir Lionell. (See Elain.)— Sir T. Malory, 
History of Prince Arthur, i. 60 (1470) 

Eleven Thousand Virgins (The), the 
virgins who followed St. Ur'sula in her 
flight towards Rome. They were all mas- 
sacred at Cologne by a party of Huns, and 
even to the present hour " their bones " 
are shown lining the whole interior of the 
Church of Ste. Ursula. 

A calendar in the Freisingen codex 
notices them as " SS. M. XI. VIE- 
GINUM," this is, eleven virgin martyrs; 
but "M" (martyrs) being taken for 1000, 
we get 11,000. It is furthermore remark- 
able that the number of names known of 
these virgins is eleven; (1) Ursula, (2) 
Sencia, (3) Gregoria, (4) Pinnosa, (5) Mar- 



tha, (6) Saula, (7) Brittola, (8) Saturnina, 
(9) Rabacia or Sabatia, (10) Saturiaor Sat- 
urnia, and (11) Palladia. 

Elfenreigen [el.fn-ri.gn] (d syl.) or 
Alpleich, that weird music with which 
Bunting, the pied piper of Hamelin, led 
forth the rats into the river Weser, and 
the children into a cave in the mountain 
Koppenberg. The song of the sirens is so 
called. 

El'feta, wife of Cambuscan', king of 
Tartary. 

El'flida or -^thelfl2EDA, daughter of 
King Alfred, and wife of ^theked, chief 
of that part of Mereia not claimed by the 
Danes. She was a woman of enormous 
energy and masculine mind. At the 
death of her husband, she ruled over Mer- 
eia, and proceeded to fortify city after 
city, as Bridgenorth, Tamworth, Warwick, 
Hertford, Witham, and so on. Then at- 
tacking the Danes, she drove them from 
place to place, and kept them from mo- 
lesting her. 

When Elflida up-grew . . . 
The puissant Danish powers victoriously pursued, 
And resolutely here thro' their thick squadrons 

hewed 
Her way into the north. 

Drayton, Polyolbion, xii. (1613). 

Elfride [Swancourt). Blue- eyed girl, 
betrothed first to Stephen Smith; after- 
wards she loves passionately Henry 
Knight. He leaves her in pique, and she 
weds Lord Luxellian, dying soon after 
the marriage. — Thomas Hardy, A Pair of 
Blue Eyes (1873). 

Elf thryth or ^Elf thryth, daughter of 
Ordgar, noted for her great beauty. King 
Edgar sent ^thelwald, his friend, to ascer- 
tain if she were really as beautiful as 



ELFTHRYTH 



366 



ELINOE GREY 



report made her out to be. When ^thel- 
wald saw her he fell in love with her, and 
then, returning to the king, said she was 
not handsome enough for the king, but 
was rich enough to make a very eligible 
wife for himseE. The king assented to 
the match, and became godfather to the 
first child, who was called Edgar. One 
day the king told his friend he intended 
to pay him a visit, and -S^thelwald re- 
vealed to his wife the story of his deceit, 
imploring her at the same time to conceal 
her beauty. But Elfthryth, extremely 
indignant, did all she could to set forth 
her beauty. The king fell in love with 
her, slew jEthelwald, and married the 
widow. 

A similar story is told by Herodotus ; 
Prexaspes being the lady's name, and 
Kambyses the king's. 

El'githa, a female attendant at Rother- 
wood on the Lady Rowe'na. — Sir W. 
Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.). 

Elia, pseudonym of Charles Lamb, 
author of the JEssays of Elia (1823). — 
London Magazine. 

Eli'ab, in the satire of Absalom and 
Achitophel, by Dryden and Tate, is Henry 
Bennet, earl of Arlington. As Eliab 
befriended David (1 Chron. xii. 9), so the 
earl befriended Charles II. 

Hard the task to do Eliab right ; 
Long with the royal wanderer he roved, 
And firm in all the turns of fortune proved. 
Absalom and Achitophel, ii. (1682). 

E'lian God (The), Bacchus. An error 
for 'Eleuan, i.e. " the god Eleleus" (3 syl). 
Bacchus was called El'eleus from the 
Bacchic cry, SMleu! 

As when with crowned cups unto the Elian god 
Those priests high orgies held. 

Drayton, Polyolbion, vi. (1612). 



El'idure (3 syl.), surnamed " the Pious," 
brother of Gorbonian, and one of the five 
sons of Morvi'dus (q.v.). He resigned the 
crown to his brother ArthgaUo, who had 
been deposed. Ten years afterwards, 
ArthgaUo died, and Elidure was again 
advanced to the throne, but was deposed 
and imprisoned by his two younger 
brothers. At the death of these two 
brothers, Elidure was taken from prison, 
and mounted the British throne for the 
third time. — Geoffrey, British History, iii. 
17, 18 (1470). 

Then Elidure again, crowned with applausive 

praise. 
As he a brother raised, by brothers was deposed 
And put into the Tower . . . but, the usurpers 

dead, 
Thrice was the British crown set on his reverend 

head. 

Drayton, Polyolbion, viii. (1612). 

*#* "Wordsworth has a poem on this 
subject. 

Elijah fed by Ravens. While Elijah 
was at the brook Cherith, in concealment, 
ravens brought him food every morning 
and evening. — 1 Kings xvii. 6. 

A strange parallel is recorded of Wyat, 
in the reign of Richard III. The king 
cast him into prison, and when he was 
nearly starved to death, a cat appeared at 
the window-grating, and dropped into his 
hand a pigeon, which the warder cooked 
for him. This was repeated daily. 

E'lim, the guardian angel of Lebbeus 
(3 syl.) the apostle. Lebbeus, the softest 
and most tender of the twelve, at the 
death of Jesus " sank under the burden of 
his grief." — Klopstock, The Messiah, iii. 
(1748). 

Elinor Grey, self -poised daughter of a 
statesman in Frank Lee Benedict's novel, 
My Daughter Elinor (1869). 



Ekctra 

E. Teschendorff, Artist 



CLYTEMNESTRA, having killed her husband, Agamemnon, marries 
\/Egisthus. Electra, the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, 
mourning the fate of her father, waits for the return of Orestes, her 
brother, as the avenger of his father s death. 

Orestes, in order to deceive y€gistbus, sends a messenger to say that he 
has been hilled at the Olympic games. As a proof of this report the messenger 
takes with him an urn containing what are supposed to be the ashes of Orestes 
and gives it to Electra. 

From the " Electra " of Sophocles we take Electra' s lament over the urn 
containing her brother's ashes: 

" O monument of him dearest to me among mankind, relic of the living 
Orestes, with hopes how changed from those with which I once sent thee forth, 
do I receive thee back! For now I bear thee in my hands, a nothing; but 
from thy home, my brother. I sent thee blooming forth. But now, far from 
thine home, and in a foreign land an exile, miserably hast thou perished, 
away from thy sister ; nor with laving hands have I prepared the bath for thy 
body, nor from the all-consuming pyre borne away the hapless burden with 
accustomed rites. No, but cared for by stranger hands thou art come : » 
little weight in a little urn." 




ELECTRA. 



ELION 



367 



ELIZABETH 



El'ion, consort of Beruth, and father of 
Che. — Sanchoniathon. 

Eliot {George), Marian Evans (or "Mrs. 
Marian Lewes"), anthor of Adam Bede 
(1858), Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner 
(1861), etc. 

Eliot (John). Of the Apostle to the 
North American Indians Dr. Cotton 
Mather writes : 

He that will write of Eliot must write of 
charity, or say nothing. His charity was a star 
of the first magnitude in the bright constellation 
of his virtues, and the rays of it were wonder- 
fiUly various and extensive. — Cotton Mather, 
Magna GJiristi Americana (1702). 

Elisa, often written Eliza in English, 
Dido, queen of Carthage. 

. . . nee me meminisse pigebit Elisae, 
Dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos reget 

Virgil, ^neid, iv. 335, 336. 

So to Eliza dawned that cruel day 
"Which tore ^neas from her sight away, 
That saw him parting, never to return. 
Herself in funeral flames decreed to burn. 
Falconer, The Shipwreck, iii. 4 (1756). 

Elis'abat, a famous surgeon, who 
attended Queen Madasi'ma in all her 
solitary wanderings, and was her sole 
companion. — Amadis de Gaul (fifteenth 
century). 

Elisabetha {Miss). " She is not young. 
The tall, spare form stiffly erect, the little 
wisp of hair behind ceremoniously braided 
and adorned with a high comb, the long, 
thin hands, and the fine network of wrinkles 
over her pellucid, colorless cheeks, tell 
this." But she is a gentlewoman, with 
generations of gentlewomen back of her, 
and lives for Doro, her orphan ward, whom 
she has taught music. She loved his 
father, and for his sake— and his own- 



loves the boy. She works for him, hoards 
for him, and is ambitious for him only. 
When he grows up and marries a low- 
born girl, — "a Minorcan," — and fills the 
old home with rude children, who break 
the piano-wires, the old aunt slaves for 
them. After he dies, a middle-aged man, 
she does not leave them. 

I saw her last year— an old woman, but 
working still.— Constance Fenimore Woolson, 
Southern Sketches (1880). 

Elise (2 syl.), the motherless child of 
Harpagon the miser. She was affianced 
to Valere, by whom she had been " rescued 
from the waves."- Valere turns out to 
be the son of Don Thomas d'Alburci, a 
wealthy nobleman of Naples. — Moliere, 
L'Avare (1667). 

Elis'sa, step-sister of Medi'na and 
Perissa. They could never agree upon 
any subject. — Spenser, Faery Queen, ii. 2 
(1590). 

"Medina" {the golden mean), "Elissa" 
and " Perissa " {the two extremes). 

Elizabeth, the wife of a rich Grerman 
country gentleman, whom she jestingly 
terms the " Man of Wrath," and mother of 
three small children known respectively 
as the April, May, and June babies. The 
book is a diary of Elizabeth, and is chiefly 
taken up with the happy life she leads in 
the garden to which she is devoted in all 
seasons. She watches over the growth of 
plants and shrubs, and is never so well 
content as when wandering or working 
among them. — Anonymous, Elizabeth and 
her German Garden (1899). 

Elisabeth {The Queen), haughty, imperi- 
ous, but devoted to her people. She 
loved the earl of Essex, and when she 
heard that he was married to the countess 
of Rutland, exclaimed that she never 



ELIZABETH 



368 



ELOI 



"knew sorrow before." The queen gave 
Essex a ring after his rebeUion, saying, 
"Here, from my finger take this ring, a 
pledge of mercy; and whensoe'er you 
send it back, I swear that I will grant 
whatever boon you ask." After his con- 
demnation, Essex sent the ring to the 
queen by the countess of Nottingham, 
craving that her most gracious majesty 
would spare the life of Lord Southampton ; 
but the countess, from jealousy, did not 
give it to the queen. The queen sent a 
reprieve for Essex, but Burleigh took 
care that it came too late, and the earl 
was beheaded as a traitor. — Henry Jones, 
The Earl of Essex (1745). 

Elizabeth (Queen), introduced by Sir "W". 
Scott in his novel called Kenilworth. 

Elizabeth of Hungary {St.), patron 
saint of queens, being herself a queen. 
Her day is July 9 (1207-1231). 

Ellen {Montgomery). The orphaned 
heroine of Susan Warner's story, The 
Wide,Wide World {1851.) 

Ellen {Wade). Girl of eighteen who 
travels and camps with the family of 
Ishmael Bush, although many grades 
above them in education and refinement. 
Betrothed to Paul Hover, the bee-hunter. 
— James Fennimore Cooper, The Prairie, 
(1827). 

EUesmere {Mistress), the head domes- 
tic of Lady Peveril. — Sir W. Scott, Peveril 
of the Peak (time, Charles II.). 

Elliott, {HohUe, i.e. Halbert), farmer at 
the Heugh-foot. His bride-elect is Grace 
Armstrong. 

Mrs. Elliott, Hobble's grandmother. 



John and Harry, Hobble's brothers. 

Lilias, Jean, and Arnot, Hobble's sisters. 
— Sir "W. Scott, The Blach Dwarf (time, 
Anne). 

Elmo {St). The fire of St. Elmo {Feu 
de Saint Elme), a comazant. If only one 
appears on a ship-mast, foul weather is at 
hand; but if two or more, they indicate 
that stormy weather is about to cease. 
By the Italians these comazants are called 
the " fires of St. Peter and St. Nicholas." 
In Latin the single fire is called " Helen," 
but the two " Castor and Pollux." Horace 
says {Odes, I. xiii. 27) : 

Quorum siiniil alba nautis stella refulsit, 
Defluit saxis agitatus humor, 
Concident venti, fugiuntque nubes, etc. 

But Longfellow makes the stella indi- 
cative of foul weather : 

Last night I saw St. Ehno's stars, 
With their ghmmering lanterns all at play . . . 
And I knew we should have foul weather to-day. 
Longfellow, The Golden Legend. 

(St. Elmo is the patron saint of sailors.) 

Elo'a, the first of seraphs. He name 
with God is " The Chosen One," but the 
angels caU him Eloa. Eloa and Gabriel 
were angel friends. 

Eloa, fairest spirit of heaven. His thoughts 
are past understanding to the mind of man. 
He looks more lovely than the day-spring, more 
beaming than the stars of heaven when they 
first flew into being at the voice of the Creator. 
— ^Klopstock, The Messiah, i. (1748). 

Eloi {St.), that is, St. Louis. The 
kings of France were called Loys up to 
the time of Louis XIII. Probably the 
"delicate oath" of Chaucer's prioress, 
who was a French scholar "after the 
scole of Stratford-atte-Bowe," was St. 
Loy, i.e. St. Louis, and not St. Eloi the 
patron saint of smiths and artists. St. 



Klizabeth and Mary Stuart 

W. Kautbiuh, Artist 



Mdfy 
' Y\^^OE to you, when in time to conie, the world 
rr Shall draw the robe of honor from your deeds, ^ 

With which thy arch-hypocrisy hath veiled 
The raging flames of lawless, secret lust! 
yirtue was not your portion from your mother ; 
Well knew we what it was which brought the head 
Of Anna Boleyn to the sacred block. 
* • ♦ * Farewell, 

Lamb-hearted resignation, passive patience I 
Fly to thy native heaven ; burst at length 
Thy bond, come forward from thy dreary cave 
In all thy fury, long-suppressM rancour I 
And thou who to the anger 'd basilisk 
Impart' st the murderous glance, O, arm my tongue 
With poisoned dart « • • 

* * * A bastard soils. 

Profanes the English throne. The gen'rous Britons 
Are cheated by a juggler, whose whole figure 
Is false and painted, heart as well as face. 
if right prevailed, you would now in the dust 
Before me lie. for I am your rightful monarch. ' ' 

ScUIUt s " Mary Stuart. 




ELIZABETH AND MARY STUART. 



ELOI 



369 



ELSIE 



Eloi was bishop of Noyon in the reign of 
Dagobert, and a noted craftsman in gold 
and silver. (Query, "Seint Eloy" for 
Seinte Loy ?) 

Tter was also a nonne, a prioresse, 

That of hire smiling was fuU simp' and coy, 

Hire greatest othe was but by Seint Eloy ! 

Chaucer, Canterbury Tales )1388). 

El'ops. There was a fish so-called, but 
Milton uses the word {Paradise Lost, x. 
525) for the dumb serpent or serpent 
which gives no warning of its approach 
by hissing or otherwise. (Greek, ellops, 
" mute or dumb.") 

Eloquence {The Four Monarchs of): 
(1) Demonsthenes, the Greek orator (b.c. 
385-322); (2) Cicero, the Roman orator 
(b.c. 106-43); (3) Burke, the English 
orator (1730-1797); (4) Webster, the 
American orator (1782-1852). 

Eloquent {That old Man), Isoc'rates, 
the Greek orator. When he heard that the 
battle of Chserone'a was lost, and that 
Greece was no longer free, he died of grief. 

That dishonest victory 
At Chseronea, fatal to liberty, 
Killed with report that Old Man Eloquent. 

Milton, Sonnet ix. 

In the United States the term was freely 
apphed to John Quincy Adams, in the 
latter years of his li£e. 

Eloquent Doctor (The), Peter Aurel8- 
lus, archbishop of Aix (fourteenth cen- 
tury). 

Elpi'nus, Hope personified. He was 
" clad in sky-like blue " and the motto of 
his shield was " I hold by being held." He 
went attended by Pollic'ita {promise). 
Fully described in canto ix. (Greek, elpis, 
"hope.") — Phineas Fletcher, The Purple 
Island (1633). 



Elsa. German maiden, accused of hav- 
ing kUled her little brother. At her trial 
a knight appears, drawn by a swan, 
champions her and vanquishes her accuser. 
Elsa weds him (Lohengrin) promising 
never to ask of his country or family. 
She breaks the vow ; the swan appears and 
bears him away from her. — Lohengrin 
Opera, by Richard Wagner. 

Elshender the Recluse, called " the 
Canny Elshie" or the "Wise Wight of 
Mueklestane Moor." This is "the black 
dwarf," or Sir Edward Mauley, the hero 
of the novel.— Sir W. Scott, The Black 
Dwarf {time Anne). 

Elsie, the daughter of Gottlieb, a cot- 
tage farmer of Bavaria. Prince Henry of 
Hoheneck, being struck with leprosy, was 
told he would never be cured till a maiden 
chaste and spotless offered to give her life 
in sacrifice for him. Elsie volunteered to 
die for the prince, and he accompanied her. 
to Salerno ; but either the exercise, the ex- 
citement, or some charm, no matter what, 
had quite cured the prince, and when he 
entered the cathedral with Elsie, it was to 
make her Lady Alicia, his bride. — Hart- 
mannvon der Aue, Poor Henry (twelfth cen- 
tury) ; Longfellow, Golden Legend. 

*** Alcestis, daughter of Pelias and 
wife of Admetos died instead of her hus- 
band, but was brought back by Hercules 
from the shades below, and restored to her 
husband. 

JElsie { Venner), a girl marked before her 
birth as one apart from her kind. Her 
mother, treading upon a rattle-snake near 
her door, leaves the imprint of the loath- 
some thing upon the child. She is a 
"splendid scowling beauty" with glitter- 
ing black eyes. When angry, they are 
narrowed and gleam like diamonds, and 



ELSIE 



370 



ELVIRA 



" charm " after an unliuman fashion. She 
bit her cousin when a child, and the wound 
had to be cauterized. She is wild almost 
to savagery, and she falls in love with her 
tutor savagely for a while, afterwards loves 
him hopelessly. She dies of a strange de- 
cline, and the ugly mark about her throat 
that obliges her always to wear a necklace 
has faded out.— Oliver Wendell Holmes, 
JElsie Venner (1861). 

Elsmere (Bohert), a young Church-of- 
England clergyman, a graduate of Oxford, 
and a man of great spirituality and ear- 
nestness. His wife Catherine, his courtship 
of whom takes up much of the early part 
of the book, is a woman of strong religious 
feeling, and they establish themselves to- 
gether in a rural parish. The squire of 
the village is a bitter atheist and at first 
will have nothing to do with Elsmere, but 
the latter's courage and devotion during a 
fierce epidemic of fever in the village win 
the squire's respect, and he and the clergy- 
man become close friends. The latter has 
the run of the squire's fine library of con- 
troversial and agnostic works, and, as a 
result, has his faith in orthodox Christi- 
anity so seriously undermined that he feels 
it only honest to leave the ministry and 
the Church. This step is a terrible shock 
to his wife, whose faith remains unshaken. 
Elsmere establishes himself as an indepen- 
dent worker among the London poor. He 
is very successful in his new field, but after 
a, time falls into consumption and is taken 
to Algiers, where he dies. — Mrs. Humphry 
Ward, Robert Elsmere (1888). 

Elspeth (Auld), the old servant of 
Dandie Dinmont, the store-farmer of 
Charlie's Hope.— Sir W. Scott, Ouy Man- 
nering (time, G-eorge II.). 

Elspeth {Old) of the Craigburnfoot, the 
mother of Saunders Muckelbacket (the old 



fisherman at Musselcrag), and formerly 
servant to the countess of GrlenaUan. — Sir 
W. Scott, The Antiquary (time, George 
III.). 

Elvi'no, a wealthy farmer in love with 
Ami'na the somnambulist. Amina, being 
found in the bedroom of conte Eodolfo 
the day before her wedding, induces El vi- 
no to break off the match and promise mar- 
riage to Lisa; but as the truth of the 
matter breaks upon him, and he is con- 
vinced of Amina's innocence, he turns over 
Lisa to Alessio, her paramour, and mai'ries 
Amina, his first and only love. — Bellini's 
opera. La Sonnamhida (1831). 

Elvi'ra, the young wife of Gomez, a rich 
old banker. She carries on a liaison with 
colonel Lorenzo, by the aid of her father- 
confessor Dominick, but is always check- 
mated, and it turns out that Lorenzo is 
her brother,— Dry den. The Spanish Fryar 
(1680). 

Elvi'ra, a noble lady who gives up every- 
thing to become the mistress of Pizarro. 
She tries to soften his rude and cruel na- 
ture, and to lead him into more generous 
ways. Her love being changed to hate, 
she engages RoUo to slay Pizarro in his 
tent; but the noble Peruvian spares his 
enemy, and makes him a friend. Ulti- 
mately, Pizarro is slain in fight with 
Alonzo, and Elvira retires to a convent. 
—Sheridan, Pizarro (altered from Kotze- 
bue, 1799). 

Elvi'ra " the puritan," daughter of Lord 
Walton, betrothed to Arturo {Lord Arthur 
Talbot), a cavalier. On the day of es- 
pousals the young man aids Enrichetta 
{Henrietta, widow of Charles L) to escape, 
and Elvira, thinking he had eloped with a 



^, Klizabeth, the Langravine 

Thtodor Pixi$, /irtUt Claudius, Engravtr 



^LlZW^TH is kneeling at the shrine in prayer for Tannbauser, 
wmn she hears the chorus of the band of returning pilgrims, of 
whbtn be was one. 

Chorus of Pilgrims. 

Once more, with joy, my home, I meet tbee; 
Once more, fair flowery meadows, I greet ye; 
My pilgrim 's staff henceforth may rest. 
Since Heaven's sweet peace is within my breast. 
The sinner's plaint on high was beard. 
Accepted by a gracious Lord ; 
The tears I laid before his shrine 
Are turned to hope and joy, divine ^_ 
O Lord, eternal praise be tbine I 

Elii^abetb (with great solemnity). 

Ob, blessed Virgin, bear my prayer I 
Thou Star of glory , look on me! 
Here in the dust J bend before tbee; 
Now from this ear0, oh! set me free. 
Let me, a maiden pure and white. 
Enter into thy kingdom bright. 
If vain desires and earthly longing 
Have turned my heart from tbee away. 
The sinful hopes within me thronging 
Before thy blessed feet I lay. 

Wagner's " Tannbauser. " 





ELIZABETH THE LANDGRAVINE. 



ELVIRA 



371 



EMILIA 



rival, temporarily loses her reason. Crom- 
well's soldiers arrest Arturo for treason, 
but he is subsequently pardoned, and 
marries Elvira.— Bellini's opera,' I Puri- 
tani (1834). 

Elvi'ra, a lady in love with Erna'ni, the 
robber-captain and head of a league 
against Don Carlos (afterwards Charles V. 
of Spain). Ernani was just on the point 
of marrying Elvira when he was sum- 
moned to death by Gromez de Silva, and 
stabbed himseK.— Verdi, Ernani (an opera, 
1841). 

Elvi'ra, betrothed to Alfonso (son of the 
duke d'Arcos). No sooner is the mar- 
riage completed than she learns that 
Alfonso has seduced Fenella, a dumb girl, 
sister of Masaniello the fisherman. Mas- 
anieUo, to revenge his wrongs, heads an 
insurrection, and Alfonso with Elvira run 
for safety to the fisherman's hut, where 
they find Fenella, who promises to protect 
them. Masaniello, being made chief 
magistrate of Por'tici, is killed by the 
mob ; Fenella throws herself into the 
crater of Vesuvius ; and Alfonso is left to 
live in peace with Elvira.— Auber, Masan- 
iello (1831). 

Elvi'ra {Donna), a lady deceived by Don 
Oiovanni, who basely deluded her into an 
amour with his valet Leporello.— Mozart's 
opera, Don Giovanni (1787). 

Elvlre (2 syl.), the wife of Don Juan, 
whom he abandons. She enters a con- 
vent, and tries to reclaim her profligate 
husband, but without success.— Molifere, 
Don Juan (1665). 

Ely {Bishop of), introduced by Sir W. 
Scott in the Talisman (time, Richard I.). 



Emath'ian Conqueror {The Great), 
Alexander the Great. 

Em'elie or Emelye, sister-in-law of 
duke Theseus (2 syl.), beloved by both 
Pal'amon and Ar'cite (2 syl.),. but the 
former had her to wife. 

Emelie that fairer was to scene 
Than is the lilie on hire stalkS grene, 
And fresscher than the May with flourSs newe. 
Chaucer, Canterbury Tales 
{" The Knight's Tale," 1388). 

Emeral'der, an Irishman, one of the 
Emerald Isle. 

Emer'ita {St.), sister of king Lucius, 
who, when her brother abdicated the Brit- 
ish crown, accompanied him to Switzer- 
land, and shared with him there a martyr's 
death. 

Emerita the next, King Lucius' sister dear, 
Who in Helvetia with her martyr brother died. 
Drayton, PoIyolUon, xxiv. (1622). 

Emile (2 syl.), the chief character of 
a philosophical romance on education by 
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1762). 

Emil'la, wife of lago, the ancient of 
Othello in the Venetian army. She is in- 
duced by lago to purloin a certain hand- 
kerchief given by Othello to Desdemona. 
lago then prevails on Othello to ask his 
wife to show him the handkerchief, but 
she cannot find it, and lago tells the Moor 
she has given it to Cassio as a love-token. 
At the death of Desdemona, Emilia (who 
till then never suspected the real state of 
the case) reveals the truth of the matter, 
and lago rushes on her and kills her.— 
Shakespeare, Othello (1611). 

The virtue of Emilia is such as we often find, 
worn loosely, but not cast off ; easy to commit 
small crimes, but quickened and alarmed at 
atrocious villainies.— Dr. Johnson. 



EMILIA 



372 



EMPEDOCLES 



Emil'ia, the lady who attended on 
Queen Hermi'one in prison. — Shakespeare, 
The Winter's Tale (1604). 

Emilia, the lady-love of Peregrine 
Pickle, in SmoUett's novel called The 
Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751). 

Emilia G-alotti, Beautiful daughter of 
Odoardo, an Italian noble. She is affi- 
anced to Count Appiani, and beloved by 
the Prince Guastalla, who causes her 
lover's death on their wedding-day. To 
save her from the prince, Odoardo stabs 
Emilia. — G. E. Lessing, EmiliaGalotti. 

Emily, the fiancee of Colonel Tamper. 
Duty called away the colonel to Havana, 
and on his return he pretended to have lost 
one eye and one leg in the war, in order to 
see if Emily would love him still. Emily 
was greatly shocked, and Mr. Prattle 
the medical practitioner was sent for. 
Amongst other gossip, Mr. Prattle told his 
patient he had seen the colonel who looked 
remarkably well, and most certainly was 
maimed neither in his legs nor in his eyes. 
Emily now saw through the trick, and 
resolved to turn the tables on the colonel. 
For this end she induced Mdlle. Florival 
to appear en militaire, under the assumed 
name of Captain Johnson, and to make 
desperate love to her. When the colonel 
had been thoroughly roasted and was 
about to quit the house forever, his friend 
Major Belford entered and recognized 
Mdlle. as his fiancee; the trick was dis- 
covered, and all ended happily. — Gr. Col- 
man, sen.. The Deuce is in Him (1762). 

Emir or Amieer, a title given to lieu- 
tenants of provinces and other oflBcers of 
the sultan, and occasionally assumed by 
the sultan himself. The sultan is not un- 
frequently call " The Great Ameer," and 



the Ottoman empire is sometimes spoken 
of as " the country of the Great Ameer." 
What Matthew Paris and other monks call 
"ammirals" is the same word. Milton 
speaks of the " mast of some taU ammiral 
{Paradise Lost, i. 294). 

The difference between xmiff or sariff 
and amir is this : the former is given to the 
Mood successors of Mahomet, and the lat- 
ter to those who maintain his religious 
faith.— Selden, Titles of Honor, vi. 73-4 
(1672). 

Em'Iy {Little), daughter of Tom, the 
brother-in-law of Dan'el Peggotty, a Yar- 
mouth fisherman, by whom the orphan 
child was brought up. While engaged to 
Ham Peggotty (Dan'el's nephew) httle 
Em'ly runs away with Steerforth, a hand- 
some but unprincipled gentleman. Being 
subsequently reclaimed, she emigrates to 
Austraha with Dan'el Peggotty and old 
Mrs. Gummidge. — C. Dickens, David Cop- 
perfield (1849). 

Emma " the Saxon " or EmmaPlantage- 
net, the beautiful, gentle, and loving 
wife of David, king of North Wales 
(tweKth century). — Southey, Madoc 
(1805). 

Emmons {David), slow, gentle fellow 
who never " comes to the point " in his 
courtship, but visits the " girl " for forty 
years, and gasps out in dying, " I allers — 
meant to — have — asked — you to marry 
me." — ^Mary E. Wilkias, Two Old Lovers 
(1887). 

Emped'ocles, one of Pythagoras's 
scholars, who threw himself secretly into 
the crater at Etna, that people might 
suppose the gods had carried him to 
heaven ; but alas ! one of his iron pattens 



Kllen^ The Lady of the Lake 



J. Adams-Acton, Sculptor 



E. Stodart, Engraver 



h 



y1 CHIEFTAIN'S daughter seemed 
yi the maid ; 

Her satin snood, her silke^t plaid, 
Her golden brooch, such birth betrayed. 
And seldom was a snood amid 
Such wild, luxuriant ringlets hid, 
IVhose glossy black to shame might bring 
The plumage of the raven's wing ; 
And seldom o'er a breast so fair. 
Mantled a plaid with modest care. 
And never brooch the folds combined 
Above a heart more good and kind. 



Her kindness and her worth to spy. 
You need but ga^e on Ellen 's eye ; 
Not Katrine, in her mirror blue. 
Gives back the shaggy banks more true, 
Than every free-born glance confessed 
The guileless movements of her breast ; 
Whether joy danced in her dark eye. 
Or woe or pity claimed a sigh, 
Or filial love was glowing there. 
Or meek devotion poured a prayer. 
Or tale of injury called forth 
The indignant spirit of the North. 



Scott's " The Lady of the Lake. " 




■-Au I- Of .TW£ L^ 'tfi&Vs 




ELLEN THE LADY OF THE LAKE. 



EMPEDOCLES 



373 



ENDYMION 



was cast out witli the lava, and recog- 
nized. 

He to be deemed 
A god, leaped fondly into Etna flames, 
Empedoclgs. 
Milton, Paradise Lost, iii. 469, etc. (1665). 

Emperor of Believers {The), Omar 
I., father-in-law of Mahomet (581-644). 

Emperor of the Mountains, {The) 
Peter the Calabriau, a famous robber- 
chief (1812). 

Emperor for My People. Ha- 
drian used to say, "I am emperor not 
for myself but for my people" (76,117- 
138). 

Empson {Master), flageolot player to 
Charles II.— Sir W. Scott, Peveril of the 
Peak (1823). 

Enan'the (3 syl), daughter of Seleucus, 
and mistress of Prince Deme'trius (son of 
King Antig'onus. She appears under the 
name of Celia. — Beaumont and Eletcher, 
The Humorous Lieutenant (1647). 

Encel'ados (Latin, JEnceladus), the most 
powerful of all the giants who conspired 
against Jupiter. He was struck with a 
thunder-bolt, and covered with the heap of 
earth now called Mount Etna. The smoke 
of the volcano is the breath of the buried 
giant ; and when he shifts his side it is an 
earthquake. 

Fama est, Enceladi semiustum fulmine corpus 
Urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper^tnam 
Impositam, ruptis flammam expirare caminis; 
Et, fessum quoties mutet latus, intremere omnem 
Murmure Trinacriam, et coelum subtexere fumo. 
VirgU, ^neid, iii. 578-582. 

Where the burning cinders, blown 
From the lips of the o'erthrown 
Eneeladus, fiU the air. 

Longfellow, Eneeladus. 



En'crates (3 syl), Temperance personi- 
fied, the husband of Agnei'a {wifely 
chastity). When his wife's sister Par- 
then'ia {maidenly chastity) was wounded in 
the battle of Mansoul, by False Delight, 
he and his wife ran to her assistance, and 
soon routed the foes who were hounding 
her. Continence (her lover) went also, 
and poured a balm into her wounds, which 
healed them. (Gre6k, egJcrates, " continent, 
temperate.") 

So have I often seen a pm:'ple flower. 
Fainting thro' heat, hang down her drooping 
head; 
But, soon refreshed with a welcome shower. 

Begins again her hvely beauties spread. 

And with new pride her silken leaves display. 

Phineas Fletcher, The Purple Island, xi. (1633). 

Endell (Jfar^^a), a poor fallen girl, to 
whom Em'ly goes when Steerforth deserts 
her. She emigrates with Dan'el Pegot'ty, 
and marries a young farmer in Australia. 
— C. Dickens, David Copperfield (1849). 

Endiga, in Charles XII., by J. R. Plan- 

che (1826). 

Endless, the rascally lawyer in No 
Song No Supper, by P. Hoare (1754r-1834). 

Endym'ion, a noted astronomer who, 
from Mount Latmus, in Caria, discovered 
the course of the moon. Hence it is fa- 
bled that the moon sleeps with Endymion. 
Strictly speaking, Endymion is the setting 
sun. 

So, Latmus by the wise Endymion is renowned ; 
That hni on whose high top he was the first that 

found 
Pale Phoebe's wandering course ; so skillful in 

her sphere. 
As some stick not to say that he enjoyed her 

there. 

Drayton, PolyolUon, vi. (1612). 

To sleep like Endymion, to sleep long 
and soundly. Endymion requested of Jove 



ENDYMION 



374 



ENNIUS 



permission to sleep as long as felt inclined. 
Hence the proverb, Endymionis somnum 
dormire. Jean Ogier de Grombaud wrote 
in French a romance or prose poem called 
Endymion (1624), and one of the best 
paintings of A. L. Girodet is " Endymi- 
on." Cowley, referring to Gombaud's ro- 
mance, says: 

WMle there is a people or a sun, 
Endymion's story with the moon shall run. 

John Keats, in 1818, published his En- 
dymion (a poetic romance), and the criti- 
cism of the Quarterly Review was falsely 
said to have caused his death. 

Endym'ion. So Wm. Browne calls Sir 
Walter Raleigh, who was for a time in dis- 
grace with Queen Elizabeth, whom he 
caUs " Cyn'thia." 

The first note that I heard I soon was wonne 
To think the sighes of fair Endymion, 
The subject of whose mournful hea-vj lay, 
Was his decHning with f aire Cynthia. 

Brittannia's Pastorals, iv. (1613). 

Enfants de Dieu, the Camisards. 

The royal troops outnumbered the Enfants de 
Dieu, and a not inglorious flight took place. — Ed. 
GriUiat, Asylum Ghristi, iii. 

Enfield (Mrs.), the keeper of a house 
of intrigue, or " gentleman's magazine " of 
frail beauties. — Holcroft, The Deserted 
Daughter (1785). 

Engaddi {Theodorick, hermit of), an en- 
thusiast. He was Aberiek of Mortemar, 
an exiled noble. — Sir W. Scott, The Talis- 
man (time, Eichard I.). 

Engaddi, one of the towns of Judah, 
forty miles from Jerusalem, famous for its 
palm trees. 

Anchorites beneath Engaddi's palms, 
Pacing the Dead Sea beach. 

Longfellow, Sand of the Desert 



Engerbrecht, one of the Varangian 
guards. — Sir W, Scott, Count Robert of 
Paris (time, Eufus). 

En'gelred, 'squire of Sir Eeginald 
Front de Boeuf (follower of Prince John 
of Anjou, the brother of Eichard I.). — Sir 
W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Eichard I.). 

En'giierraud, brother of the Marquis 
of Montserrat, a crusader. — Sir W. Scott, 
The Talisman (time, Eichard I.). 

E'nid, the personification of spotless 
purity. She was the daughter of Yn'iol, 
and wife of Geraint. The tale of Geraint 
and Enid allegorizes the contagion of dis- 
trust and jealousy, commencing with 
Guinevere's infidelity, and spreading down- 
ward among the Arthurian knights. In 
order to save Enid from this taint. Sir 
Geraint removed from the court to Devon ; 
but overhearing part of a sentence uttered 
by Enid, he fancied that she was unfaith- 
ful, and treated her for a time with great 
harshness. In an illness, Enid nursed 
Geraint with such wifely devotion that he 
felt convinced of his error. A perfect rec- 
onciliation took place, and they " crowned 
a happy life with a fair death. — Tenny- 
son, Idylls of the King ("Geraint a.nd 
Enid."). 

Ennius {The English), Lay'amon, who 
wrote a translation in Saxon of The Brut 
of Wace (thirteenth century). 

Ennius {The French), Jehan de Meung, 
who wrote a continuation of Layamon's 
romance (1260-1320). 

*#* Guillaume de Lorris, author of the 
Romance of the Rose, is also called " The 
French Ennius," and with better title 
(1235-1265). 



Little Elite 



ZITTLE ELLIE sits alone 
Mid the beeches of the meadow. 
By a stream-side on the grass. 
And the trees are showering down 
Double^ of their leaves in shadow. 
On her shining hair and face. 

She has thrown her bonnet by, 

And her feet she has been dipping 

In the shallow water' s f-ow. 

Now she holds them nakedly 

In her hands, all sleek and dripping. 

While she rocketh to and fro. 



Little Ellie sits alone. 
And the smile she softly uses. 
Fills the silence like a speech. 
While she thinks what shall be done- 
And the sweetest pleasure chooses 
For her future within reach. 

Little Ellie in her smile 

Chooses — "I will have a lover. 

Riding on a steed of steeds. 

He shall love me without guile. 

And to him I will discover 

The swan's nest among the reeds. " 



Mrs. Browning's "The Romance of the Swan's Nest.' 




LITTLE ELLIE. 



ENNIUS 



375 



EPIGONI 



Ennius {The Spanish), Juan de Mena of 
Cordova (1412-1456). 

Enrique' (2 syl), brother-in-law of 
Chrysalde (2 syl). He married secretly 
Chrysalde's sister Angelique, by whom he 
had a daughter, Agnes, who was left in 
charge of a peasant while Enrique was ab- 
sent in America. Having made his for- 
tune in the New World, Enrique returned 
and found Agnes in love with Horace, the 
son of his friend Oronte (2 syl). Their 
union, after the usual quota of misunder- 
standing and cross purposes, was accom- 
plished to the delight of all parties. — Mo- 
\iQTi:e,L'Ecoledes Femmes (1662). 

Entel'echy, the kingdom of Queen 
Quintessence. Pantag'ruel' and his com- 
panions went to this kingdom in search 
of the "holy bottle." — Rabelais, Pantag- 
ruel, V. 19 (1545). 

*** This kingdom of " speculative 
science" gave the hint to Swift for his 
island of Lapu'ta. 

Ephe'sian, a toper, a dissolute sot, a 
jovial companion. When Page (2 Henry 
IV. act ii. sc. 2) tells Prince Henry that a 
company of men were about to sup with 
Falstaff, in Eastcheap, and calls them 
"Ephesians," he probably meant soldiers 
called fethas (" foot-soldiers "), and hence 
topers. Malone suggests that the word is 
a pun on pheese ("to chastise or pay one 
tit for tat"), and means "quarrelsome 
feUows." 

Ephe'sian Poet {The), Hippo'nax, born 
at Ephesus (sixth century b. c). 

Epic Poetry {The Father of), Homer 
(about 950 b. c). 

Ep'icene (3 syl), or The Silent Woman, 



one of the three great comedies of Ben 
Jonson (1609). 

The other two are Volpone (2 syl, 1605), 
and The Alchemist (1610). 

Epicurus. The aimee de coewr of this 
philosopher was Leontium. (See Loveks). 

Epicurus of China, Tao-tse, who com- 
menced the search for " the elixir of per- 
petual youth and health " (b. c. 540). 

*#* Thomas Moore has a prose romance 
entitled The Epicure'an. Lucretius the 
Roman poet, in his Be Berum Natura, is 
an exponent of the Epicurean doctrines. 

Epidaurus {That God in), ^scula'pius, 
son of Apollo, who was worshipped in 
Epidaurus, a city of Peloponne'sus. Being 
sent for to Rome during a plague, he 
assumed the form of a serpent. — Livy, 
Nat. Hist., xi. ; Ovid, Metaph., xv. 

Never since of serpent kind 
Lovelier, not those that in lUyria changed 
HermionS and Cadmus, or the god 
In Epidaurus. 

Milton, Paradise Lost, ix. 507 (1665). 

(Cadmus and his wife Harmonia [Her- 
moine] left Thebes and migrated into 
lUyria, where they were changed into 
serpents because they happened to kiU 
one belonging to Mars.) 

Ephial'tes (4 syl), one of the giants 
who made war upon the gods. He was 
deprived of his left eye by Apollo, and of 
his right eye by Hercules. 

Epig'oni, seven youthful warriors, sons 
of the seven chiefs who laid siege to 
Thebes. All the seven chiefs (except 
Adrastos) perished in the siege; but the 
seven sons, ten years later, took the city 
and razed it to the ground. The chiefs 
and sons were: (1) Adrastos, whose son 
was ^gi'aleus (4 syl); (2) Polynikes, 



EPIGONI 



376 



EPPS 



•whose son was Thersan'der ; (3) AmpMar'- 
aos (5 syl.), whose son was Alkmseon 
{the chief) ; (4) Ty'dens (2 syl), whose son 
was Diome'd^s; (5) Kap'aneus (3 syl), 
whose son was Sthen'elos ; (6) Parthenopse'- 
os, whose son was Promaehos ; (7) Mekis'- 
theus (3 syl), whose son was Eury'alos. 

^schylos has a tragedy on The Seven 
Chiefs against Thebes. There are also two 
epics, one The Thebaid of Statins, and The 
Epigoni sometimes attributed to Homer 
and sometimes to one of the Cychc poets 
of Grreece. 

Epigon'iad {The), called "the Scotch 
Iliad,'' by William Wilkie (1721-1772). 
This is the tale of the Epig'oni or seven 
sons of the seven chieftains who laid siege 
to Thebes. The tale is this: When 
(E'dipos abdicated, his two sons agreed to 
reign alternate years; bnt at the expira- 
tion of the first year, the elder son 
(Ete'ocles) refused to give up the throne. 
Whereupon the younger brother (Poly- 
nikes) interested six Grecian chiefs to 
espouse his cause, and the allied armies 
laid siege to Thebes, without success. 
Subsequently, the seven sons of the old 
chiefs went against the city to avenge the 
death of their fathers, who had fallen in 
the former siege. They succeeded in 
taking the city, and in placing Thersander 
on the throne. The names of the seven 
sons are Thersander, ^gi'aleus, Alkmseon, 
Diomedes, Sthen'elos, Pro'machos, and 
Euryalos. 

Epimen'ides (5 syl) of Crete, some- 
times reckoned one of the " seven wise men 
of Greece " in the place of Periander. He 
slept for fifty-seven years in a cave, and, 
on waking, found everything so changed 
that he could recognize nothing. Epim- 
enides lived 289 years, and was adored by 
the Cretans as one of their " Curetes " or 



priests of Jove. He was contemporary 
with Solon. 

(Goethe has a poem called JDes EpimC' 
nides Erwachen. — See Heinrich's Epime- 
nides.) . 

Epimenides's Drug. A nymph who loved 
Epimenides gave him a draught in a bull's 
horn, one single drop of which would not 
only cure any ailment, but would serve 
for a hearty meal. 

Le Nouveau Epimenede is a man who 
lives in a dream in a kind of " Castle of 
Spain," where he deems himseK a king, 
and does not wish to be disillusioned. 
The song is by Jacinthe Leclere, one of 
the members of the " Societe de Momus," 
of Paris. 

Epinogris {Sir), son of the king of 
Northumberland. He loved an earl's 
daughter, but slew the earl in a knightly 
combat. Next day, a knight challenged 
him to fight, and the lady was to be the 
prize of the victor. Sir Epinogris, being 
overthrown, lost the lady; but when Sir 
Palomides heard the tale, he promised to 
recover her. Accordingly, he challenged 
the victorious knight, who turned out to 
be his brother. The point of dispute was 
then amicably arranged by giving up the 
lady to Sir Epinogris. — Su- T. Malory, 
History of Prince Arthur, ii. 169 (1470). 

Eppie, one of the servants of the Rev. 
Josiah Cargill. In the same novel is Eppie 
Anderson, one of the servants at the Mow- 
bray Arms, Old St. Ronan's, held by Meg 
Dods.— Sir W. Scott, St: Bonam?s Well 
(time, George III.). 

Epps, cook of Saunders Fairford, a law- 
yer. — Sir W. Scott, Bedgcmntlet (time, 
George HI.). 



EQUITY 



377 



EQUIVOKES 



Equity {Father of), Heneage Finch, 
earl of Nottingham (1621-1682). In Absa- 
lom and AcMtophel (by Dryden and Tate) 
lie is called " Anari." 

Sincere was Amri, and not only knew, 
But Israel's sanctions into practice drew ; 
Our laws, that did a boundless ocean seem, 
Were coasted aU, and fathomed aU by him , . . 
To whom the double blessing doth belong, 
With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue. 

Absalom and AcMtophel, n. (1682). 

Equivokes. 

1. Henby IV. was told that " he should 
not die but in Jerusalem," -which he sup- 
posed meant the Holy Land ; but he died 
in the Jerusalem Chamber, London, which 
is the chapter-house of "Westminster 
Abbey. 

2. Pope Sylvester was also told that he 
should die at Jerusalem, and he died while 
saying mass in a church so called at 
Rome. 

3. Oambyses, son of Cyrus, was told that 
he should die in Ecbat'ana, which he sup- 
posed meant the capital of Media. Being 
wounded accidentally in Syria, he asked 
the name of the place ; and being told it 
was Ecbatana, " Here, then, I am destined 
to end my life." 

4. A Messenian seer, being sent to con- 
sult the Delphic oracle respecting the 
issue of the Messenian war, then raging, 
received for reply : 

When the goat stoops to drink of the Neda, 0, 

seer, 
From Messenia flee, for its ruin is near ! 

In order to avert this calamity, all goats 
were dihgently chased from the banks of 
the Neda. One day, Theoclos observed a 
Jig tree growing on the river-side, and its 
branches dipped into the stream. The 
interpretation of the oracle flashed across 
his mind, for he remembered that goat and 
fy tree, in the Messenian dialect were the 
same word. 



*#* The pun would be clearer to an 
English reader if " a stork " were substi- 
tuted for the goat : " When a stork stoops 
to drink of the Neda; " and the "stalk" 
of the fig tree dipping into the stream, 

5. When the allied Greeks demanded of 
the Delphic oracle what would be the 
issue of the battle of Salamis, they re- 
ceived for answer : 

Seed-time and harvest, weeping sires shall tell 
How thousands fought at Salamis and fell ; 

but whether the oracle referred to the 
Greeks or Persians who were to fall by 
" thousands," was not stated. 

6. When Cecesus demanded what would 
be the issue of the battle against the Per- 
sians, headed by Cyrus, the answer was, 
he " should behold a mighty empire over- 
thrown ; " but whether that empire was 
his own, or that of Cyrus, only the actual 
issue of the fight could determine. 

7. Similarly, when PniLrp of Macedon 
sent to Delphi to inquire if his Persian 
expedition would prove successful, he 
received for reply, " The ready victim 
crowned for sacrifice stands before the 
altar." Philip took it for gi'anted that the 
"ready victim" was the king of Persia, 
but it was himself. 

8. Tarquin sent to Delphi to learn the 
fate of his struggle with the Romans for 
the recovery of his throne, and was told, 
" Tarquin will never fall tiU a dog speaks 
with the voice of a man." The "dog" 
was Junius Brutus, who was called a dog 
by way of contempt. 

9. When the oracle was asked who 
would succeed Tarquin, it replied, "He who 
shall first kiss his mother." Whereupon 
Junius Brutus fell to the earth, and ex- 
claimed, " Thus, then, I kiss thee, O mother 
earth !" 

10. Jourdain, the wizard, told the duke 
of Somerset, if he wished to live, to 



EQUIVOKES 



378 



EREENIA 



" avoid where castles mounted stand." 
The duke died in an ale-house called the Cas- 
tle, in St. Alban's. — Shakespeare, 2 Henry 
VI. act V. sc. 2. 

11. A wizard told King Edward IV. 
that " after him should reign one the first 
letter of whose name should be Gr." The 
king thought the person meant was his 
brother Gleorge, but the duke of Glouces- 
ter was the person pointed at. — Holinshed, 
Chronicles; Shakespeare, JRichard III. act 
j, sc. 1. 

Erac'lius (The emperor) condemned a 
knight to death on the supposition of 
murder; but the man supposed to be 
murdered making his appearance, the con- 
demned man was taken back, under the 
expectation that he would be instantly ac- 
quitted. But no, Eraclius ordered all 
three to be put to death : the knight, be- 
cause the emperor had ordered it; the 
man who brought him back, because he 
had not carried out the emperor's order ; 
and the man supposed to be murdered, be- 
cause he was virtually the cause of death 
to the other two. 

This tale is told in the Gesta Bomanorum, 
and Chaucer has put it into the mouth of 
his Sumpnor. It is also told by Seneca, 
in his Be Ira ; but he ascribes it to Corne- 
lius Piso, and not to Erachus. 

:firaste (2. syl), hero of Les Fdcheux by 
Mohere. He is in love with Orphiso (2. 
syl), whose tutor is Damis (1661). 

Er'celdoun {Thomas of), also called 
" Thomas the Rhymer," introduced by Sir 
W. Scott in his novel called Castle Danger- 
ous (time, Henry I.). 

It is said that Thomas of Erceldoun is not 
dead, hut that he is sleeping beneath the Eildon 
HiUs, ia Scotland. One day, he met with a lady 
of elfin race beneath the Eildon tree, and she 
led him to an under-ground region, where he 



remained for seven years. He then revisited the 
earth, but bound himself to return when sum- 
moned. One day, when he was making merry 
with his friends, he was told that a hart and 
hind were parading the street ; and he knew it 
was his summons, so he immediately went to the 
Eildon tree, and has never since been heard 
of. — Sir W. Scott, Minstrelsy of the Scottish 
Border. 

*#* This tale is substantially the same 
in the German one of Tannhduser {q. v.). 

Ereck, a knight of the Round Table. 
He marries the beautiful Enite (2. syl.), 
daughter of a poor knight, and falls into a 
state of idleness and effeminacy, till Enite 
rouses him to action. He then goes forth 
on an expedition of adventures, and after 
combating with brigands, giants, and 
dwarfs, returns to the court of King 
Arthur, where he remains till the death of 
his father. He then enters on his inheri- 
tance, and lives peaceably the rest of his 
life. — Hartmann von der Aue, Ereck (thir- 
teenth century). 

Ereen'ia (3 syl), a glendoveer' or good 
spirit, the beloved son of Cas'yapa (3 syl.), 
father of the immortals. Ereenia took pity 
on Kail'yal (2 syl.), daughter of Ladur'lad, 
and carried her to his Bower of Bliss in 
paradise (canto vii.). Here Kailyal could 
not stay, because she was stiU a living 
daughter of earth. On her return to earth, 
she was chosen for the bride of Jagan 
-naut, and Ar' valan came to dishonor her ; 
but she set fire to the pagoda, and Ereenia 
came to her rescue. Ereenia was set upon 
by the witch Lor'rimite (3 syl.), and carried 
to the submerged city of Baly, whence he 
was delivered by Ladurlad. The glen- 
doveer now craved Seeva for vengeance, 
but the god sent him to Yamen (i.e. Pluto), 
and Yamen said the measure of iniquity 
was now fuU, so Arvalan and his father 
Kehama were both made inmates of the 



EREENIA 



379 



ERISICHTHON 



city of everlasting woe; while Ereenia 
carried KaUyal, wlio had quaffed the 
waters of immortality, to his Bower of 
Bliss, to dwell with him in everlasting 
joy. — Southey, Curse ofKehoma (1809). 



Eret'rian BuU {The). 



Eretria, in Euboe'a, was called 



Menede'mos of 
^, iii ^^K,^j^^, „t„o called "Bnll" 
from the bull-like breadth and gravity of 
his face. He founded the Eretrian school 
(fourth century B.C.). 

Eric, "Windy-cap," king of Sweden. 
He could make the wind blow from any 
quarter by simply turning his cap. 
Hence arose the expression, " a capful of 
wind." 

Eric Gray. A young man whose re- 
ligious principles will not let him marry 
the girl he loves because she has not 
"joined the church." His old love teUs 
the story after his funeral. 

" And all my heart went forward, past the shad- 
ows and the cross, 

Even to that home where perfect love hath 
never thorn nor loss ; 

Where neither do they marry, nor ia marriage 
are given, 

But are like unto the angels in God's house, 
which is Heaven." 
Margaret E. Sangster, Erids Funeral (1882). 

Erichtho \JE.rik' Mo], the famous Thes- 
sahan witch consulted by Pompey. — Lu- 
can, Pharsalia, vi. 

Erickson (Sweyn), a fisherman at Jarl- 
shof.— Sir W. Scott, The Pirate (time, 
WilHam III.). 

Eric'tho, the witch in John Marston's 
tragedy called The Wonder of Women or 
Sophonisla (160)5. 

Erig'ena {John Scotus), called " Scotus 
the Wise." He must not be confounded 



with Duns Scotus, " the Subtle Doctor," 
who lived some four centuries later, 
Erigena died in 875, and Duns Scotus in 
1308. 

Erig'one (4 syl.), the constellation 
Virgo. She was the daughter of Icarios, 
an Athenian, who was murdered by some 
drunken peasants. Erigone discovered 
the dead body by the aid of her father's 
dog Moera, who became the star called 
Canis. 

..." that virgin, frail ErigonS, 
Who by compassion got preeminence.' 

Lord Brooke, Of NoWity. 

Erill'yab (3 syl.), the widowed and 
deposed Queen of the Hoamen (2 syl.), 
an Indian tribe settled on a south branch 
of the Missouri. Her husband was King 
Tepol'loni, and her son Amal'ahta. Madoc 
when he reached America, espoused her 
cause, and succeeded in restoring her to 
her throne and empire. — Southey, Madoc 
(1805). 

Eriphy'le (4 syl.), the wife of Amphi- 
ara'os. Being bribed by a golden neck- 
lace, she betrayed to Polyni-ces where her 
husband had concealed himself that he 
might not go to the seige of Thebes, where 
he knew that he should be kiUed. Con- 
greve calls the word Eriph'yle. 

When Eriphyl^ broke her plighted faith, 
And for a bribe procured her husband's death. 

Ovid, Art of Love, iii. 

Erisich'thon (should be ErysicMhon), 
a Thessaliad, whose appetite was insati- 
able. Having spent all his estate in the 
purchase of food, nothing was left but his 
daughter Metra, and her he sold to buy 
food for his voracious appetite ; but Met- 
ra had the power of transforming herself 
into any shape she chose, so as often as 
as her father sold her, she changed her 



EEISIOHTHON 



380 



ERNEST DE FRIDBERa 



form and returned to Mm. After a time, 
Erisichthon was reduced to feed upon 
himself.— Ovid, Metwph, viii, 2 (740 to 
end). 

Drayton says when the ^Wyre saw her 
goodly oak trees sold for firewood, she be- 
thought her of Erisichthon's end, who, 
" when nor sea, nor land, sufficient were," 
ate his own flesh. — Polyoliion, vii. 

So Erisicthon, once fired (as men say), 

With hungry rage, fed never, ever feeding ; 
Ten thousand dishes severed every day, 

Yet in ten thousand thousand dishes needing. 
In vain his daughter hundred shapes assumed ; 

A whole camp's meat he in his gorge in- 
himied; 
And ah consumed, his hunger yet was uncon- 
sumed. 

Phineas Fletcher, The Purple Island (1633). 

Erland, father of Norna " of the Fit- 
ful Head."— Sir W. Scott, The Pirate 
(time, WiUiam III.). 

Erl-King, a spirit of mischief, which 
haunts the Black Forest of Thuringia, 

Goethe has a ballad called the Erl- 
konig, and Herder has translated the Dan- 
ish ballad of Sir Olaf and the Erl-King^s 
Daughter. 

In Goethe's ballad, a father, riding home 
through the night and storm with a child 
in his arms is pursued by the Erl-king, 
who entices the child with promises of 
fairy-gifts, and finally kills it. 

Ermangarde of Baldringham {The 
Lady), aunt of the Lady Eveline Beren- 
ger " the betrothed."— Sir W. Scott, The 
Betrothed (time, Henry II.). 

Er'meline (Dame), the wife of Reynard, 
in the beast-epic called Reynard the Fox 
(1498). 

Ermin'ia, the heroine of Jerusalem De- 



livered. She fell in love with Tancred, 
and when the Christian army beseiged 
Jerusalem, arrayed herself in Clorinda's 
armor to go to him. After certain ad- 
ventures, she found him wounded, and 
nursed him tenderly; but the poet has 
not told us what was the ultimate lot of 
this fair Syrian. — Tasso, Jerusalem De- 
livered (1575). 

Ema'ni, the robber-captain, duke of 
Segor'bia and Cardo'na, lord of Aragon, 
and count of Ernani. He is in love with 
Elvi'ra, the betrothed of Don Ruy Gomez 
de Silva, an old Spanish grandee, whom 
she detests. Charles V. falls in love with 
her, and Ruy Gomez joins Ernani in a 
league against their common rival. Dur- 
ing this league Ernani gives Ruy Gomez 
a horn, saying, " Sound but this horn, 
and at that moment Ernani will cease 
to live." Just as he is about to espouse 
Elvira, the horn is sounded, and Ernani 
stabs himself. — ^Verdi, Ernani (an opera, 
1841). 

Ernest {Duke), son-in-law of Kaiser 
Konrad II. He murders his feudal lord, 
and goes on a pilgrimage to the Holy 
Land to expiate his crime. The poem 
so called is a mixture of Homeric legends. 
Oriental myths, and pilgrims' tales. We 
have pygmies and cyclopses, genii and 
enchanters, fairies and dwarfs, monks and 
devotees. After a world of hair-breadth 
escapes, the duke reaches the Holy Sepul- 
chre, pays his vows, returns to Germany, 
and is pardoned. — Henry Von Veldig 
(minnesinger), Duhe Ernest (twelfth cen- 
tury). 

Ernest de Fridberg, " the prisoner 
of the State." He was imprisoned in the 
dungeon of the Giant's Mount fortress 
for fifteen years on a false charge of 



Krminia and the Shepherds 

Domenichino, Artist G. Pfesbury, Engraver 



^ HE rose; and gently, guided by her ear, 
kj Came where an old man on a rising ground 

In the' fresh shade, his white flocks feeding near. 
Twig-baskets wove, and listening to the sound 
Trilled by three blooming boys, who sate disporting round. 

They at the shining of her silver arms 

Were seized at once with wonder and deSpair ; 

But sweet Erminia soothed their vain alarms ; 

Discovering her dove's eyes and golden hair, 

"Follow," she said, "Dear innocents, the care 

Of fav'ring Heaven, your fanciful employ. 

For the so formidable arms I bear. 

No cruel warfare bring, nor harsh annoy. 

To your engaging tasks, to your sweet songs of joy." 

* * * His discourse so sweetly did subdue 
The secret sorrows of the listening maid. 
Each word, descending to her heart, like dew. 
The fev' rish passion of her soul allayed. 

Tasso's "Jerusalem Delivered" {translated by Wiffln.) 



ERNEST DE FEIDBERG 



381 



ERROL 



treason. Ul'rica (his natural daughter 
by the countess Marie), dressed in the 
clothes of Herman, the deaf and dumb 
jailor-boy, gets access to the dungeon 
and contrives his escape; but he is re- 
taken, and led back to the dungeon. 
Being subsequently set at liberty, he 
marries the countess Marie (the mother 
of Ulrica).^E. Stirling, The Prisoner of 
State (1847.) 

Eros, the manumitted slave of Antony 
the triumvir. Antony made Eros swear 
that he would kill him if commanded by 
him so to do. When in Egypt, Antony 
(after the battle of Actium, fearing lest 
he should fall into the hands of Octavius 
Caesar, ordered Eros to keep his promise. 
Eros drew his sword, but thrust it into 
his own side, and fell dead at the feet of 
Antony. " O noble Eros," cried Antony, 
"I thank thee for teaching me how to 
die ! " — Plutarch. 

*#* Eros is introduced in Shakespeare's 
Antony and Cleopatra, and in Dryden's 
All for Love or the World Well Lost. 

(Eros is the Greek name of Cupid, and 
hence amorous poetry is called Erotic.) 

Eros'tratos (in Latin Eeostkatus), 
the incendiary who set fire to the temple 
of Diana of Ephesus, that his name 
might be perpetuated. An edict was 
published, prohibiting any mention of 
the name, but the edict was wholly in- 
effective. 

*#* Charles V., wishing to be shown 
over the Pantheon \_All Saints] of Rome, 
was taken to the top by a Roman knight. 
At parting, the knight told the emperor 
that he felt an almost irresistible desire 
to push his majesty down from the top 
of the building, " in order to immortalize 
Ms name." Unlike Erostratbs, the name 
of this knight has not transpired. 



Ero'ta, a very beautiful but most 
imperious princess, passionately beloved 
by Philander, Prince of Cyprus. — Beau- 
mont and Fletcher, The Laws of Candy 
(1647). 

Erra-Pater, an almanac, an ahnanac- 
maker, an astrologer. Samuel Butler calls 
LiUy, the almanac-maker, an Erra-Pater, 
which we are told was the name of a 
famous Jewish astrologer. 

His only Bible was an Erra-Pater. 
Phin. Fletcher, The Purple Island, vii. (1633). 

What's here ? Erra-Pater or a bearded sibyl 
\the person was Foresight]. 

Congreve, Love for Love, iv. (1695). 

Erragon, king of Lora (in Scandin- 
avia). Aldo, a Caledonian chief, offered 
him his services, and obtained several im- 
portant victories ; but Lorma, the king's 
wife, falling in love with him, the guilty 
pair escaped to Morven. Erragon invaded 
the country, and slew Aldo in single com- 
bat, but was himself slain in battle by 
Gaul, son of Morni. As for Lorma, she 
died of grief. — Ossian, The Battle of 
Lora. 

Errant Damsel (The), Una. — Spenser, 
Faery Que en, m. 1 (1590). 

Errima, Greek maiden chidden by her 
mother for dreaming of Sappho, and Les- 
bian dances and Delphian lyre, and com- 
manded to 

'' rend thy scrolls and keep thee to thy 
spinning." 

She answers that talk of matron dignities 

and household tasks wearies her : 

" I would renounce them all for Sappho's bay : 
Forego them all for room to chant out free 
The silent rhythms I hiun within my heart, 
And so for ever leave my weary spinning !" 
Margaret J. Preston, Old Song and Hew. (1870). 

Errol (Cedric). Bright American boy, 



ERROL 



382 



ERRORS OF AUTHORS 



living with Ms widowed mother, whose 
grandfather, Lord Fauntleroy, sends for 
and adopts him. The boy's sweetness of 
manners and nobility of nature conquer 
the old man's prejudices, and win him to 
sympathy and co-operation in his schemes 
for making the world better. — Frances 
Hodgson Burnett, Little Lord Fauntleroy 
<1889). 

Errol {Gilbert, earl of), lord high con- 
stable of Scotland. — Sir W. Scott, Fair 
Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.). 

Error, a monster who lived in a den in 
"Wandering Wood," and with whom the 
Red Cross Knight had his first adventure. 
She had a brood of 1000 young ones of 
sundry shape, and these cubs crept into 
their mother's mouth when alarmed, as 
young kangaroos creep into their mother's 
pouch. The knight was nearly killed by 
the stench which issued from the foul 
fiend, but he succeeded in "rafting" her 
head off, whereupon the brood lapped up 
the blood, and burst with satiety. 

Half like a serpent horribly displayed, 
But th' otlier half did woman's shape retain. 
And as she lay upon the dirty ground, 
Her huge long tail her den all overspread, 
' Yet was in knots and many boughts [folds] up- 
wound, 
Pointed with mortal sting. 

Spenser, Faery Queen, i. 1 (1590). 

Error of Artists, (See anachkonisms). 

Angelo {Michel), in his great picture of 
the "Last Judgment" has introduced 
Charon's bark. 

Breughel, the Dutch painter, in a 
picture of the " Wise Men of the East " 
making their offerings to the infant Jesus, 
has represented one of them dressed in a 
large white surplice, booted and spurred, 
offering the model of a Dutch seventy -four 
to the infant. 



Etty has placed by the bedside of Holo- 
f ernes a helmet of the period of the seven- 
teenth century. 

Mazzochi {Paulo), in his " Symbolical 
Painting of the Four Elements," represents 
the sea by fishes, the earth by moles, fire 
by a salamander, and air by a camel! Evi- 
dently he mistook the chameleon (which 
traditionally lives on air) for a camel. 

TnsrTOKET, in a picture which represents 
the "Israelites Gathering Manna in the 
Wilderness," has armed the men with 
guns. 

Veronese {Paul), in his " Marriage Feast 
of Cana of Galilee," has introduced among 
the guests several Benedictines. 

West, president of the Royal Academy, 
has represented Paris the Phrygian in 
Roman costume, 

Westminster Hall is full of absurdities. 
Witness the following as specimens : — 

Sir Cloudesley Shovel is dressed in a 
Roman cuirass and sandals, but on his 
head is a full-bottomed wig of the 
eighteenth century. 

The Duke of Buckingham is arrayed in 
the costume of a Roman emperor, and his 
duchess in the court dress of George I. 
period. 

Errors of Authors, (See Anacheon- 

ISMS.) 

Akenslde. He views the Ganges 
from Al/pine heights. — Pleaswres of Imagi- 
nation. 

Allison {Sir Archibald), says : " Sir 
Peregine Pickle was one of the paU-bearers 
of the Duke of Welhngton." — Life of Lord 
Castlereagh. 

In his History of Europe, the phrase 
droit de timbre (" stamp duty ") he trans- 
lates " timber duties." 

Articles of Wak for the Army. It is 
ordered " that every recruit shaU have the 



ERRORS OF AUTHORS 



383 



ERRORS OF AUTHORS 



40tli and 46tli of the articles read to him." 
(art. iii.). 

The 40th article relates wholly to the 
misconduct of chaplains, and has no sort 
of concern with recruits. Probably the 
41st is meant, which is about muthiy and 
insubordination. 

Browne ( William) Apelles' Curtain. W. 
Browne says : 

If . . . I set my pencil to AppeMs table [paint- 
ing] 
Or dare to draw Ms curtain. 

Britannia' sPastorals, ii. 2. 

This curtain was not drawn by Apelles, 
but by Parrhasius, who lived a fuU cen- 
tury before Apellos. The contest was 
between Zeuxis and Parrhasius. The 
former exhibited a bunch of grapes which 
deceived the birds, and the latter a curtain 
which deceived the competitor. 

Beutssel (-2J. von) says : " According to 
Homer, Achilles had a vulnerable heel." 
It is a vulgar error to attribute this myth 
to Homer. The blind old bard nowhere 
says a word about it. The story of dip- 
ping Achilles in the river Styx is altogether 
post-Homeric. 

Bykon. Xerxes' Ships. Byron says that 
Xerxes looked on his " ships by thousands " 
off the coast of Sal'amis. The entire 
number of sails were 1200; of these 400 
were wrecked before the battle off the 
coast of Sepias, so that even supposing 
the whole of the rest were engaged, the 
number could not exceed 800. — Isles of 
Greece. 

The Isle Teas. In the same poem he 
refers to "Teos" as one of the isles of 
Grreece, but Teos is a maritime town on 
the coast of Ionia, in Asia Minor. 

Cervantes. Dorothea's Father. Doro- 
thea represents herself as Queen of Mico- 
mlcon, because both her father and mother 
were dead, but Don Quixote speaks of him 
to her as alive. — ^Pt. I. iv. 8. 



Mambrino''s Helmet. In pt. I. iii. 8 we are 
told that the gaUey-slaves set free by Don 
Quixote assaulted him with stones, and 
" snatching the basin from his head, broke 
it to pieces.^'' In bk. iv. 15 we find this 
basin quite whole and sound, the subject 
of a judicial inquiry, the question being 
whether it was a helmet or a barber's 
basin. Sancho (ch. 11) says, he "picked 
it up, bruised and battered, intending to 
get it mended;" but he says, "I broke it 
to pieces," or, according to one translator, 
" broke it into a thousand pieces." In bk, 
iv. 8 we are told that Don Quixote " came 
from his chamber armed cap-a-pie, with 
the barber's basin on his head." 

Sanchd's Ass. "We are told (pt. I. iii. 9) 
that Gines de Passamonte " stole Sancho's 
ass." Sancho laments the loss with true 
pathos, and the knight condoles with him. 
But soon afterwards Cervantes says : " He 
{Sanchol jogged on leisurely upon his ass 
after his master." 

Sanchd's Great-coat. Sancho Panza, we 
are told, left his waUet behind in the 
Crescent Moon tavern, where he was 
tossed in a blanket, and put the provisions 
left by the priests in his great-coat (ch. 5). 
The galley-slaves robbed him of "his 
great-coat, leaving only his doublet" (ch. 
8), but in the next chapter (9) we find " the 
victuals had not been touched," though the 
rascals "searched diligently for booty." 
Now, if the food was in the great-coat, 
and the great-coat was stolen, how is it 
that the victuals remained in Sancho's 
possession untouched ? 

Sanchd's Wallet. We are told that 
Sancho left his waUet by mistake at the 
tavern where he was blanket-tossed (ch. 
5), but in ch. 9, when he found the port- 
manteau, " he crammed the gold and linen 
into his wallet. — Pt. I. iii. 

To make these oversights more striking, 



EEROES OF AUTHOES 



384 



EEEOES OF AUTHOES 



the autiLor says, when Sancho found the 
portmanteau, " he entirely forgot the loss 
of his wallet, his great-coat, and of his 
faithful companion and servant Dapple" 
{the ass). 

8v{pper. Cervantes makes the party at 
the Crescent tavern eat two suppers in 
one evening. In ch. 5 the curate orders 
in supper, and "after supper" they read 
the story of Fatal Curiosity. In ch. 12 we 
are told "the cloth was laid {again] for 
supper," and the company sat down to it, 
quite forgetting that they had already 
supped. — Pt. I. iv. 

Chambeks's Encyclopedia states that 
"the fame of Beaumarchais rests on his 
two operas, Le Earlier de Seville (1755) 
and Le Mariage de Figaro.^ Every one 
knows that Mozart composed the opera of 
Figaro (1786), and that Casti wrote the 
libretto. The opera of Le Earlier de 
Seville, or rather II Barliere di Siviglia, 
was composed by Eossini, in 1816. What 
Beaumarchais wrote was two comedies, 
one in four acts and the other in five acts. 
— Art. " Beaumarchais." 

Chambees's Jouenal. We are told, in 
a paper entitled "Coincidences," that 
Thursday has proved a fatal day with the 
Tudors, for on that day died Henry VIII., 
Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen 
Elizabeth." If this had been the case it 
would, indeed, have been startling; but 
what are the facts ? Henry VIII. died on 
Friday, January 28, 1547, and Elizabeth 
died on Monday, March 24, 1603. — Eymer, 
Fcedera, xv. 

In the same paper we are told with 
equal inaccuracy that Saturday has been 
fatal to the present dynasty, "for William 
IV. and every one of the Georges died on 
a Saturday." What, however, says history 
proper? William IV. died on Tuesday, 
June 20, 1837 ; (reorge I. died Wednesday, 



June 11, 1727 ; (reorge III. died Monday, 
January 29, 1820 ; George IV. died Sunday, 
June 26, 1830 ; and only George II. died 
on a Saturday, " the day [sol fatal to the 
present dynasty." 

Chaucee says : The throstle-cock sings 
so sweet a tone that Tubal himself, the 
first musican, could not equal it. — TJie 
Cowrt of Love. Of course he means Jubal. 

CiBBEE (Colley), in his Love Makes a 
Man, i., makes Carlos the student say, 
" For the cure of herds [ VirgiPs] lucolicks 
are a master-piece ; but when his art des- 
cribes the commonwealth of bees . . . I'm 
ravished." He means Qeorgics. The Buco- 
lics are eclogues, and never touch upon 
either of these subjects. The diseases and 
cures of cattle are in Georgic iii., and the 
habits, etc., of bees, Georgic iv. 

CiD {The). When Alfonso succeeded 
his brother Sancho and banished the Cid, 
Eodrigo is made to say : 

Prithee say where were these gallants 
(Bold enough when far from blows) ? 

Where were they when I, unaided, 
Rescued thee from thirteen foes ? 

The historic fact is, not that Eodrigo res- 
cued Alfonso from thirteen foes, but that 
the Cid rescued Sancho from thirteen of 
Alfonso's foes. Eleven he slew, and two 
he put to flight.— T/ie Cid, xvi. 78. 

CoLMAN. Job Thornberry says to 
Peregrine, who offers to assist him in his 
difficulties, " Desist, young man, in time." 
But Peregrine was at least 45 years old 
when so addressed. He was 15 when Job 
first knew him, and had been absent thirty 
years in Calcutta. Job Thornberry him- 
self was not above five or six years older. 

CowPEE calls the rose "the glory of 
April and May," but June is the great rose 
month. In the south of England they 
begin to bloom in the latter half of May, 
and go on to the middle of July. April 
roses would be horticultural curiosities. 



EREORS OF AUTHORS 



385 



ERRORS OF AUTHORS 



Ceitics at fault. The licentiate tells 
Don Quixote that some critics found fault 
■with him for defective memory, and 
instanced it in this ; " We are told that 
Sancho's ass is stolen, but the author has 
forgotten to mention who the thief was." 
This is not the case, as we are distinctly- 
informed that it was stolen by Gines de 
Passamonte, one of the galley slaves. — 
Don Quixote, II. i. 3. 

Dickens, in Edwin Brood, puts " rooks 
and rooks' nests" (instead of daws) "in 
the tower of Cloisterham." 

In Nicholas NicTdeby he presents Mr. 
Squeers as setting his boys " to hoe tur- 
nips " in midwinter. 

In The Tale of Two Cities, iii. 4, he says : 
"The name of the strong man of Old 
Scripture descended to the chief function- 
ary who worked the guillotine." But the 
name of this functionary was Sanson, not 
Samson. 

GrAiiEN says that man has seven bones 
in the sternum (instead of three) ; and 
Sylvius, in reply to Vesalius, contends 
that " in days of yore the robust chests of 
heroes had more bones than men now 
have." 

GrKEENE (Bohert) speaks of Delphos as 
an island ; But Delphos, or rather Delphi, 
was a city of Phocis, and no island. " Six 
noblemen were sent to the isle of Del- 
phos." — Donastus and Fawnia. Probably 
he confounded the city of Delphi with the 
isle of Delos. 

HaUjIWELL, in his Archaic Bictiona/ry, 
says : " Crouchmas means Christmas," 
and adds that Tusser is his authority. 
But this is altogether a mistake. Tusser, 
in. his "May Remembrances," says: 
"From bull cow fast, till Crouchmas be 
past," i.e. St. Helen's Day. Tusser evi- 
dently means from May 3 (the invention 



of the Cross) to August 18 (St. Helen's 
Day or the Cross-mas), not Christ-mas. 
HiGGONS {Bevil) says: 

The Cyprian queen, drawn by ApellSs hand, 

Of perfect beauty did the pattern stand ! 

But then bright nymphs from every part of 

Greece 
Did all contribute to adorn the piece. 

To Sir Godfrey Kneller (1780). 

Tradition says that Apelles model was 
either Phyrne, or Campaspe, afterwards 
his wife. Campbell has borrowed these 
lines, but ascribes the painting to Protog'- 
enes the Rhodian. 

When first the Rhodian's mimic art arrayed 
The queen of Beauty in her Cyprian shade, 
The happy master mingled in the piece 
Each look that charmed him in the fair of 
Greece. 

Pleasures of Hope, ii. 

Johnson (Br.) makes Addison speak of 
Steele as " Little Dicky " whereas the per- 
son so called by Addison was not Richard 
Steele, but a dwarfish actor who played 
" Gromez " in Dryden's Spanish Fryar. 

London Newspaper {A), one of the lead- 
ing journals of the day, has spoken three 
times within two years of " passing under 
the Caudine Forks," evidently supposing 
them to be a " yoke " instead of a valley 
or mountain pass. 

Longfellow caUs Erig'ena a Scotchman, 
whereas the very word means an Irish- 
man. 

Done into Latin by that Scottish beast. 
Erigena Johannes. 

Golden Legend. 

Without doubt, the poet mistook John 

Duns [Scottusl, who died in 1308, for 

John Scottus [JErigena], who died in 875. 

Erigena translated into Latin, St. Biony- 

sius. He was latitudinarian in his views, 

and anything but "a Scottish beast or 

Calvinist." 

The Two Angels. Longfellow crowns 

the death-angel with amaranth, with which 



EREOES OF AUTHORS 



386 



ERRORS OF AUTHORS 



Milton says, " the spirits elect bind their 
resplendent locks ; " and his angel of life 
he crowns with asphodels, the flowers of 
Pluto or the grave. 

Melville {Whyte) makes a very pro- 
minent part of his story called JSolmhy 
House turn on the death of a favorite 
hawk named Diamond, which Mary Cave 
tossed off, and saw "fall lifeless at the 
king's feet " (ch. xxix.). In ch. xlvi. this 
very hawk is represented to be alive; 
" proud, beautiful, and cruel, like a Venus 
Victrix it perched on her mistress's wrist, 
unhooded." 

Milton. "Colkitto or Macdonnel or 
Galasp." In this line of Sonnet XI, Mil- 
ton seems to speak of three different per- 
sons, but in reality they are one and the 
same ; i. e., Macdonnel, son of Colkittoch, 
son of Gillespie (Galasp). Colkittoch. 
means left-handed. 

In Comus (ver. 880) he makes the siren 
Ligea sleek her hair with a golden 
comb, as if she were a Scandinavian 
mermaid. 

Moore (Thorn.) says : 

The sunflower ttarns on her god, when he sets, 
The same look which she turned when he rose. 
Irish Melodies, ii. (" Believe Me, if all those 
Endearing Young Charms ")• 

The sunflower does not tmrn either to 
the rising or setting sun. It receives its 
name solely because it resembles a picture 
sun. It is not a turn-sun or heliotrope 
at aU. 

Mokkis (W.), in his Atalanta's Bace, 
renders the Grreek word Saophron "saf- 
ron," and says : 

She the saffron gown will never wear, 

And in no flower-strewn couch shall she be laid ; 

i.e. she will never be a bride. Nonnius 
(bk. xii.) teUs us that virtuous women 
wore a girdled gown called Saophron 
(" chaste "), to indicate their purity and to 
prevent indecorous liberties. The gown 



was not yeUow at aU, but it was girded 
with a girdle. 

MuBPHY, in the Grecian Daughter, says 
(act i. 1) : 

Have you forgot the elder Dionysius, 
Surnamed the Tyrant ? . . . Evander came from 

G-reece, 
And sent the tyrant to his humble rank, 
Once more reduced to roam for vile subsistence, 
A wanderiag sophist thro' the realms of Greece. 

It was not Dionysius the Elder, but 
Dionysius the Younger, who was the 
"wandering sophist;" and it was not 
Evander, but Timoleon, who dethroned 
him. The elder Dionysius was not de- 
throned at all, nor even reduced "to 
humble rank." He reigned thirty-eight 
years without interruption, and died a 
king, in the plentitude of his glory, at the 
age of 63. 

In the same play (act iv. 1) Euphrasia 
says to Dionysius the Younger : 
Think of thy father's fate at Corinth, Dionysius. 

It was not the father, but the son, 
(Dionysius the Younger) who lived in 
exile at Corinth. 

In the same play he makes Timo'leon 
victorious over the Syracusans (that is 
historically correct) ; and he makes Eu- 
phrasia stab Dionysius the Younger, 
whereas he retreated to Corinth, and 
spent his time in debauchery, but sup- 
ported himself by keeping a school. Of 
his death nothing is known, but certainly 
he was not stabbed to death by Euphrasia. 
— See Plutarch. 

Rymer, in his Fcedera, ascribes to 
Henry I. (who died in 1135) a preaching 
expedition for the restoration of Roches- 
ter Church, injured by fire in 1177 (vol. I 
i.9). 

In the previous page Rymer ascribes to 
Henry I. a deed of gift from "Henry, 
king of England and lord of Ireland;^ 
but every one knows that Ireland was 



ERRORS OF AUTHORS 



387 



ERRORS OF AUTHORS 



conquered by Henry II., and the deed 
referred to was the act of Henry III. 

On p. 71 of the same vol. Odo is made, 
in 1298, to swear "in no wise to con- 
federate with Richard I. ; whereas Richard 
I. died in 1199. 

SA3INE Maid {The). G-. GilflUan, in his 
introductory essay to Longfellow, says: 
"His ornaments, unlike those of the 
Sabine maid, have not crushed him." 
Tarpeia, who opened the gates of Rome 
to the Sabines, and was crushed to death 
by their shields, was not a Sabine maid, 
but a Roman. 

Scott {Sir Walter). In the Heart of 
Midlothian we read : 

She [Effie Beans] amused herself witli visit- 
ing the dairy . . . and was so near discovering 
herself to Mary Hetly by betraying her aquaint- 
ance with the celebrated receipt for Dunlop 
cheese, that she compared herself to Bedredeen 
Hassan, whom the vizier Ms father in-law dis- 
covered by his superlative skill in composing 
cream-tarts with pepper in them. 

In these few lines are several gross 
errors : (1) " cream-tarts should be cheese- 
cakes ; (2) the charge was " that he made 
cheese-cakes without putting pepper in 
them," and not that he made " cream-tarts 
with pepper ; " (3) it was not the vizier, his 
father-in-law and uncle, but his mother, 
the widow of Nouredeen, who made the 
discovery, and why? for the best of all 
reasons — ^because she herself had taught 
her son the receipt. The party were at 
Damascus at the time. — Arabian Nights 
("Nouredeen Ali," etc.). (See page 389, 
" Thackeray.") 

" What ! " said Bedredeen, was everything in 
my house to be broken and destroyed . . . only 
because I did not put pepper in a cheese-cake ! " 
Arabian Nights (" Nouredeen Ah," etc.). 

Again, Sir Walter Scott speaks of " the 
philosopher who appealed from Philip in- 
flamed with wine to Philip in his hours of 



sobriety " {Antiquary, x.). This " philoso- 
pher " was a poor old woman. 

Shakespeaee. Althcea and the Fire- 
brand. Shakespeare says, {Henry IV. act 
ii. sc. 2) that " Althaea dreamt that she 
was delivered of a fire-brand." It was 
not Althaea, but Hecuba, who dreamed, a 
little before Paris was born, that her off- 
spring was a brand that consumed the 
kingdom. The tale of Althaea is, that 
the Fates laid a log of wood on a fire, and 
told her that her son would live till that 
log was consumed; whereupon she 
snatched up the log and kept it from the 
fire, till one day her son Melea'ger offended 
her, when she flung the log on the fire, 
and her son died, as the Fates predicted. 

Bohemians Coast. In the Winter's Tale 
the vessel bearing the infant Perdita is 
" driven by storm on the coast of Bohe- 
mia ; " but Bohemia has no seaboard at 
all. 

In Coriolanus, Shakespeare makes Vo- 
lumnia the mother, and Virgilia the wife, 
of Coriolanus ; but his wife was Volumnia, 
and his mother Veturia. 

Delphi an Island. In the same drama 
(act iii. sc. 1) Delphi is spoken of as an is- 
land ; but Delphi is a city of Phocis, con- 
taining a temple to ApoUo. It is no island 
at all. 

Duncan's Murder. Macbeth did not 
murder Duncan in the castle of Inverness, 
as stated in the play, but at " the smith's 
house," near Elgin (1039). 

JElsinore. Shakespeare speaks of the 
beetling cliff of Elsinore, whereas Elsi- 
nore has no cliffs at all. 
What if it Ithe ghost] tempt you toward the flood. 
Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff 
That beetles o'er its base into the sea ? 

Hamlet, act i. sc. 4. 

The Ghost, in Hamlet, is evidently a Ro- 
man Catholic ; he talks of purgatory, ab- 



EEEORS OF AUTHOES 



388 



EEEORS OF AUTHORS 



solution, and other Catholic dogmas ; but 
the Danes at the time were pagans. 

St. Louis. Shakespeare, in Henry V. 
act i. sc. 2, calls Louis X. " St. Louis," but 
" St. Louis " was Louis IX. It was Louis 
IX. whose "grandmother was Isabel," 
issue of Charles de Lorraine, the last of 
the Carlo vingians. Louis X. was the son 
of Philippe IV. {le Bel) and grandson of 
Phihppe III. and " Isabel of Aragon," not 
Isabel, " heir of Capet of the line of Charles 
the duke of Lorain." 

Macbeth was no tyrant, as Shakespeare 
makes him out to be, but a firm and equit- 
able prince, whose title to the throne was 
better than that of Duncan. 

Again, Macbeth was not slain by Mac- 
duff at Dunsin'ane, but made his escape 
from the battle, and was slain in 1056, 
at Lumphanan. — Lardner, Cabinet Gyc, 
17-19. 

In The Winter's Tale, act v. sc. 2, one 
of the gentlemen refers to Julio Romano, 
the Italian artist and architect (1492-1546), 
certainly some 1800 years or more before 
Romano was born. 

In Twelfth Night, the Illyrian clown 
speaks of St. Bennet's Church, London. 
" The triplex, sir, is a good tripping mea- 
sure, or the bells of St. Bennet's sure may 
put you in mind : one, two, three " (act v. 
sc. 1) ; as if the duke was a Londoner. 

Spenseb. Bacchus or Batumi In the 
Faery Queen, iii. 11, Britomart saw in the 
castle of Bu'sirane (3 syl.), a picture de- 
scriptive of the love of Saturn, who had 
changed himself into a centaur out of love 
for Erig'one. It was not Saturn, but 
Bacchus who loved Erig'one, and he was 
not tranformed into a centaur, but to a 
horse. 

Beone or (Enone f In bk. vi. 9 (Faery 
Queen) the lady-love of Paris is caUed Ben- 
dn§, which ought to be CEnohe. The poet 



says that Paris was "by Plexippus" 
brook " when the golden apple was brought 
to him ; but no such brook is mentioned 
by any classic author. 

Critias and Socrates. In bk. ii. 7 [Faery 
Queen) Spenser says : " The wise Socrates 
. . . poured out his Life ... to the dear Cri- 
tias; his dearest bel-amie." It was not 
Socrates, but Theram'enes, one of the thir- 
ty tyrants, who in quaffing the poison-cup, 
said smUing, " This I drink to the health 
of fair Critias." — Cicero, Tusculan Ques- 
tions, 

Critias or Crito f In Faery Queen, iv. 
(introduction), Spenser says that Socrates 
often discoursed of love to his friend Cri- 
tias ; but it was Crito, or rather Criton^ 
that the poet means. 

Cyprus and Paphos. Spenser makes 
Sir Scudamore speak of a temple of Venus, 
far more beautiful than " that in Paphos, 
or that in Cyprus ; " but Paphos was 
merely a town in the island of Cyprus, 
and the " two " are but one and the same 
temple. — Faery Queen, iv. 10. 

Hippomanes. Spenser says the golden 
apples of Mammon's garden were better 
than 

Those witli which the Bubsean young man won 
Swift Atalanta. ' 

Fmry Queen, ii. 7. 

The young man was Hippom'anes. He 
was not a "Eubsean," but a native of 
Onchestos, in Boeo'tia. 

Tennyson, in the Last Tournament, says 
(ver. 1), Dagonet was knighted in mockery 
by Sir G-aw'ain; but in the History of 
Prince Arthur we are distinctly told that 
King Arthur knighted him with his own 
hand (pt. ii. 91). 

In Gareth amd Lyneite the same poet 
says that Gareth was the son of Lot and 
BelUcent; but we are told a score times 
and more in the History of Prince Arthur, 



ERRORS OF AUTHORS 



389 



ERRORS OF AUTHORS 



that he was the son of Margawse (Arthur's 
sister and Lot's wife, pt. i. 36). 

King Lot . . . wedded Margawse ; Nentres . . . 
wedded Elaia. — Sir T. Malory, History of Prince 
Arthur, i. 2, 35, 36. 

In the same Idyll Tennyson has changed 
Liones to Lyonors ; but, accorfiing to the 
collection of romances edited by Sir T. 
Malory, these were quite different persons. 
Liones, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and 
sister of Litiet of Castle Perilous, married 
Sir G-areth (pt. i. 153) ; but Lyonors was 
the daughter of Earl Sanam, and was the 
unwedded mother of Sir Borre by King 
Arthur (pt. i. 15). 

Again, Tennyson makes Gareth marry 
Lynette, and leaves the true heroine, 
Lyonors, in the cold; but the History 
makes Oareth marry Liones {Lyonors), 
and Graheris his brother marries Linet. 

Thus endeth the history of Sir G-areth, that 
wedded Dame Liones of the Castle Perilous; 
and also of Sir Gaheris, who wedded her sister 
Dame Liaet. — Sir T. Malory, History of Prince 
Arthur (end of pt. i.). 

Again, in Ga/reth and Lynette, by 
erroneously beginning day with sunrise 
instead of the previous eve, Tennyson 
l-everses the order of the knights, and 
makes the fresh green morn represent the 
decline of day, or, as he calls it, "Hes- 
perus " or " Evening Star ;" and the blue 
star of evening he makes "Phosphorus" 
or the " Morning Star." 

Once more, in Gareth cmd Lynette, the 
poet-laureate makes the combat between 
Gareth and Death finished at a single 
blow, but in the History, Gareth fights 
from dawn to dewy eve. 

Thus they fought [from sunrise] till it was 
past noon, and would not stint, tiU at last both 
lacked wind, and then stood they wagging, stag- 
gering, pantiag, blowing, and bleeding . . . and 
when they had rested them awhile, they went to 
battle again, trasing, rasing, and f oyning, as two 
boars. . . Thus they endured till evening-song 



time. — Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, 
i. 136. 

In \h.eLast Tournament, Tennyson makes 
Sir Tristram stabbed to death by Sir Mark 
in Tintag'il Castle, Cornwall, while toying 
with his aunt, Isolt the Fair, but in the 
History he was in bed in Brittany, severely 
wounded, and dies of a shock, because his 
wife tells him the ship in which he expected 
his aunt to come was sailing into port 
with a hlach sail instead of a white one. 

The poet-laureate has deviated so often 
from the coUection of tales edited by Sir 
Thomas Malory, that it would occupy too 
much space to point out his deviations 
even in the briefest manner, 

Thackekay, in Vanity Fair, has taken 
from Sir Walter Scott his allusion to 
Bedredeen, and not from the Arabian 
Nights. He has, therefore, fallen into the 
same error, and added two more. He says : 
" I ought to have remembered the pepper 
which the Princess of Persia puts into the 
cream-tarts in India, sir" (ch. iii.). The 
charge was that Bedredeen made his 
c/^eese-cakes without putting pepper into 
them. But Thackeray has committed in 
this allusion other blunders. It was not a 
" princess " at all, but Bedredeen Hassan, 
who for the nonce had become a confec- 
tioner. He learned the art of making 
cheese-cakes from his mother (a widow). 
Again, it was not a " princess of Persia," 
for Bedredeen's mother was the widow of 
the vizier of Balsora, at that time quite 
independent of Persia. 

Victor Hugo, in Les Travailleurs de la 
Mer, renders " the Frith of Forth " by the 
phrase Premier des quatre, mistaking 
"Frith" for first, and "Forth" tor fourth 
or four. 

In his Marie Tudor he refers to the 
" History and Annals of Henry VIL par 
Franc Baronum," meaning " Historia, etc.,. 



EERORS OF AUTHOES 



390 



EETANAX 



Henrici Septimi, per Franciscum Baco- 
num." 

Vergil lias placed ^neas in a harbor 
whicli did not exist at the time. "Por- 
tusque require Velinos " {Mneid, vi. 366). 
It was Curius Dentatus who cut a gorge 
through the rocks to let the waters of the 
Velinus into the Nar. Before this was 
done, the Velinus was merely a number of 
stagnant lakes, and the blunder is about 
the same as if a modern poet were to make 
Columbus pass through the Suez Canal. 

In JEneid, iii. 171 Virgil makes ^neas 
speak of " Ausonia ; " but as Italy was so 
called from Auson, son of Ulysses and 
Calypso, of course -.Eneas could not have 
known the name. 

Again, in ^neid, ix. 571, he represents 
Chorinseus as slain by Asy'las ; but in bk. 
xii. 298 he is alive again. Thus : 

Chorinseum sternit Asylas 

Bk. is. 571. 

Then: 

Obvius ambustmn torrem ChorinEeus ab ara 
Corripit, et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti 
Occupat OS flammis, etc. 

Bk. xii. 298, etc. 

Again in bk. ix. Numa is slain by Nisus, 
(ver. 554) ; but in bk. x. 562 Numa is alive, 
and ^neas kills him. 

Once more, in bk. x. ^neas slays Cam- 
ertes (ver. 562) ; but in bk. xii. 224 Jat- 
urna, the sister of Turnus, assumes his 
shape. But if he was dead, no one would 
have been deluded into supposing the fig- 
ure to be the hving man. 

*** Of course, every intelligent reader 
will be able to add to this list ; but no 
more space can be allowed for the subject 
in this dictionary. 

Er'rua (" the mad-cap "), a young man 
whose wit defeated the strength of the 
giant Tartaro (a sort of one-eyed Poly- 



pheme). Thus the first competition was 
in throwing a stone. The giant threw 
his stone, but Errua threw a bird, which 
the giant supposed to be a stone, and 
as it flew out of sight, Errua won the 
wager. The next wager was a bar of iron. 
After the giant had thrown, Errua said, 
'.' From here to Salamanca ; " whereupon 
the giant bade him not to throw, lest the 
bar of iron should kill his father and 
mother, who lived there ; so the giant lost 
the second wager. The third was to puU 
a tree up by the roots ; and the giant gave 
in because Errua had run a cord around 
a host of trees, and said, " You pull up 
one, but I pull up all these." The next 
exploit was at bed-time; Errua was to 
sleep in a certain bed; but he placed a 
dead man in the bed, while he himself got 
under it. At midnight Tartaro took his 
club and belabored the dead body most 
unmercifully. When Errua stood before 
Tartaro next morning, the giant was 
dumbfounded. He asked Errua how he 
had slept. " Excellently well," said Errua, 
" but somewhat troubled by fleas." Other 
trials were made, but always in. favor of 
Errua. At length a race was proposed,, 
and Errua sewed into a bag the bowels 
of a pig. When he started, he cut the bag, 
strewing the bowels on the road. When 
Tartaro was told that his rival had done 
this to make himself more fleet, he cut his 
belly, and of course killed himself. — Eev. 
W. Webster, Basque Legends (1877). 

Ers'kine {The. Bev. Dr.), minister of 
Grrayfriar's Church, Edinburgh. — Sir W. 
Scott, Guy Mannering (time, G-eorge II.). 

Er'tanax, a fish common in the Eu- 
phrates. The bones of this fish impart 
courage and strength. 

A fish . . . haunteth the flood of EufratSs . . . 
it is called an ertanax, and his bones be of such 




' between the crowd ana loejire, ayoung 
was dancing. 

" She was not tall, but seemed to be, so proudly erect did she hold 
her slender figure. She was.-bj^bwn, but it was evident that by daylight her 
skin must have that lovely golden gleam peculiar to Spanish aud Roman 
beauties. Her tinyfoot was yindalusian, too, for it fitted both snugly and 
easily into its dainty shoe. She danced, she turned, she twirled upon an 
antique Persian carpet thrown carelessly beneath her feet ; and every time 
her radiant figure parsed, as 'she turned, her great black eyes sent forth^ 
-lightning fiashes. 

" Upon her every eye was riveted , every mouth gaped wide ; and in very 
truth as she daiiced to the tune of the tambourine zd^ich her round and grace- 
ful arms held high above her head, slender, quick and active as any wasp, 
with smooth fill ting golden bodice, her many-colored ftdl skirt, her bare 
shoulders, her shapely legs, from which her shirts now and then swung 
away, her black hair her eyes of fiamf, she seemed more than mortal 
creature. ' ' 

Victor Hugo 's ' ' Notre Dame de Paris. ', 





ESMERALDA. 



ERTANAX 



391 



ESPRIELLA 



a manner of kind that whoso handleth them he 
shall have so much courage that he shall never 
be weary, and he shall not think on joy nor 
sorrow that he hath had, but only on the thing 
he beholdeth before him.— Sir T. Malory, History 
of Prince Arthur, in. 84, (1470). 

Erudite {Most). Marcus Terentius 
Varro is called " the most erudite of the 
Romans" (b.c. 116-27). 

Er'ythre, modesty personified, the 
virgin page of Parthen'ia or maiden of 
chastity, in The Purple Island, by Phineas 
Fletcher (1633). FuUy described in canto 
X. (Grreek, cruthros, " red," from erutJiriao, 
" to blush.") 

Erysichthon [JErri. sik'. thon], a grand- 
son of Neptune, who was punished by 
Ceres with insatiable hunger, for cutting 
down some trees in a grove sacred to that 
goddess. (See Ekisichthon.) 

Es'calus, an ancient, kind-hearted lord 
in the deputation of the duke of Vienna. — 
Shakespeare, Measure for Measure (1603). 

Es'calus, Prince of Vero'na. — Shake- 
speare, Borneo and Juliet (1598). 

Es'canes (3 syl), one of the lords of 
Tyre. — Shakespeare, Pericles, Prince of 
Tyre (1608). 

Escobar (Mans. L'), the French name 
for a fox, so called from M. Escobar the 
probabUist, whence also the verb esco- 
barder, " to play the fox," " to play fast 
and loose." 

The French have a capital name for the fox, 
namely, M. L'Escobar, which may be trans- 
lated the " shuffler," or more freely, " sly boots." 
—The Daily News, March 25, 1878. 

Escotillo {i.e. little Michael Scott), con- 
sidered by the common people as a magi- 



cian, because he possessed more know- 
ledge of natural and experimental philo- 
sophy than his contemporaries. 

Es'dale {Mr.), a surgeon at Madras. — 
Sir W. Scott, The SwrgeorOs Daughter 
(time, George II.). 

Es'ings, the king of Kent. So called 
from Eisc, the father of Hengist, as the 
Tuscans receive their name from Tuscus, 
the Romans from Romulus, the Cecrop'- 
idse from Cecrops, the Britons from Brutus, 
and so on. — Ethelwerd, Chron., ii. 

Esmeralda, a beautiful gypsy-girl, who, 
with tambourine and goat, dances in the 
place before Notre Dame de Paris, and is 
looked on as a witch. Quasimodo con- 
ceals her for a time in the church, but 
after various adventures she is gibbeted. 
— ^Victor Hugo, Notre Dame de Paris. 

Esmeralda; humbly-born heroine of 
Prances Hodgson Burnett's work of same 
name. The story has been dramatized 
and played with great effect. 

Esmond {Henry), a chivalrous cavalier 
in the reign of Queen Anne ; the hero of 
Thackeray's novel called Henry Esmond 
(1852). 

Esplan'dian, son of Am'adis and 
Oria'na. Montalvo has made him the 
subject of a fifth book to the four original 
books of Amadis of Gaul (1460). 

The description of the most furious battles, 
carried on with all the bloody-mindedness of an 
Esplandian or a Bobadil [Ben Jonson, Every 
Man in his Humor]. — ISncyc. Brit, Art. 
" Romance." 

Espriel'la {Manuel Alvarez), the apoc- 
ryphal name of Robert Southey. The 
poet-laureate pretends that certain "letters 
from England," written by this Spaniard, 



ESPRIELLA 



392 



ESTIFANIA 



were translated by him from the original Drummle,— C Dickens, Great Expedor 
Spanish (three vols., 1807). tion (1860). 



Essex {The earl of), a tragedy by Henry 
Jones (1745.) Lord Burleigh and Sir 
Walter Ealeigh entertained a mortal hatred 
of the earl of Essex, and accused him to 
the queen of treason. Elizabeth disbe- 
lieved the charge ; but at this juncture the 
earl left Ireland, whither the queen had 
sent him, and presented himseK before 
her. She was very angry, and struck 
him, and Essex rushed into open rebellion, 
was taken, and condemned to death. The 
queen had given him a ring before the 
trial, telling him whatever petition he 
asked should be granted, if he sent to her 
this ring. When the time of execution 
drew nigh, the queen sent the countess of 
Nottingham to the Tower, to ask Essex if 
he had any plea to make. The earl entreat- 
ed her to present the ring to her majesty, 
and petition her to spare the life of his 
friend Southampton. The countess pur- 
posely neglected this charge, and Essex 
was executed. The queen, it is true, sent 
a reprieve, but Lord Burleigh took care it 
should arrive too late. The poet says that 
Essex had recently married the countess 
of Eutland, that both the queen and the 
countess of Nottingham were jealous, and 
that this jealousy was the chief cause of 
the earl's death. 

The Abbe Boyer, La Calprfenede, and Th. 
Corneille have tragedies on the some sub- 
ject. 

Essex {The earl of), lord high constable 
of England, introduced by Sir W. Scott in 
his novel called Ivanhoe (time, Richard 
L). 

Estel'la, a haughty beauty, adopted by 
Miss Havisham. She was affianced by 
her wish to Pip, but married Bentley 



Esther, housekeeper to Muhldenau, 
minister of Mariendorpt. She loves Hans, 
a servant to the minister, but Hans is shy, 
and Esther has to teach him how to. woo 
and win her. Esther and Hans are similar 
to Helen and Modus, only in lower social 
grade. — S. Kiiowles, The Maid of Marien- 
dorpt (1838). 

Esther Hawdon, better known through 
the tale as Esther Summerson, natural 
daughter of Captain Hawdon and Lady 
Dedlock (before her marriage with Sir Lei- 
cester Dedlock). Esther is a most lovable, 
gentle creature, called by those who 
know and love her, " Dame Durden " or 
" Dame Trot." She is the heroine of the 
tale, and a ward in Chancery. Eventually 
she marries Allan Woodcourt, a surgeon. — 
C. Dickens, Bleak House (1852). 

Esther Bush : Wife of the squatter Ish- 
mael Bush. Loud-voiced, sharp of temper 
and hard of hand, yet loyal in her way to 
husband and children. — James Fennimore 
Cooper, The Prairie, (1827). 

Esther {Queen), Indian monarch who, 
during the Wyoming massacre, dashes 
out the brains of sixteen prisoners with 
her own hands, as a sacrifice to the manes 
of her son. Queen Esther's Rock is still 
shown to travelers. — Ann Sophia Stevens, 
Mary Derwent (1845). 

Estifa'nia, an intriguing woman, 
servant of donna Margaritta, the Spanish 
heiress. She palms herself off on Don 
Michael Perez (the copper captain) as an 
heiress, and the mistress of Margaritta's 
mansion. The captain marries her, and 
finds out that all her swans are only geese. 



Leonora d^Este and Tasso 

W. von Kaulbach, Artist J. L. Raab, Engraver 

ft 

Tasso 
^yLOlVLY f come to bring my work to thee, 
Ij And yet I linger before presenting it. 

Although apparently it seem complete. 
Too well I know it is unfinished still. ■ 
But, if I cherished once an anxious fear. 
Lest I should bring thee an imperfect word, 
A new solicitude constrains me ncrw ; 
I would not seem ungrateful, nor appear 
Unduly anxious, and as to bis friends, 
A man can say but simply, " Here I am," 
That they, with hind forbearance, may rejoice. 
So I can only say, " Receive my work ! " 

Of you alone 1 thought while I composed; 
You to delight, was still my highest wish. 
You to enrapture, was my final aim. 
Who doth not in his friends behold the world 
Deserves not that of him the world should hear. 
Here is my fatherland and here the sphere 
In which my spirit only comes to dwell, 

Goethe's "Torquato Tasso." 




LEONORA D'ESTE AND TASSO. 



ESTIFANIA 



393 



ETHELBEET 



—Beaumont and Fletoher, Eule a Wife and 
Have a Wife (1640). 

Est-il-Posssible ? A nickname given 
to Greorge of Denmark (Queen Anne's 
husband), because his general remark to 
the most startling announcement was, Est- 
il possible f With this exclamation he ex- 
hausted the vials of his wrath. It was 
James II. who gave him the sobriquet. 

Est'mere (2 syl.), king of England. He 
went with his yoimger brother Adler to 
the court of King Adlands, to crave his 
daughter in marriage ; but King Adlands 
rephed that Bremor, the sowdan, or sultan 
of Spain, had forestalled him. However, 
the lady, being consulted, gave her voice 
in favor of the king of England. While 
Estmere and his brother went to make 
preparations for the wedding, the "sow- 
dan " arrived, and demanded the lady to 
wife. A messenger was immediately de- 
patched to inform Estmere, and the two 
brothers returned, disguised as a harper 
and his hoy. They gained entrance into 
the palace, and Adler sang, saying, "O 
ladye, this is thy owne true love ; no harper, 
but a king ;" and then drawing his sword 
he slew the " sowdan," Estmere at the same 
time chasing from the hall the " kempery 
men." Being now master of the position, 
Estmere took" the ladye f aire," made her his 
wife, and brought her home to England. — 
Percy, Beliques, 1. i. 5. 

Estrildis or Elstred, daughter of the 
Emperor of Grermany. She was taken 
captive in war by Locrin (king of Britain), 
by whom she became the mother of Sabrin 
or Sabre. Grwendolen, the wife of Locrin, 
feeling insulted by this liaison, slew her 
husband, and had Estrildis and her daugh- 
ter thrown into a river, since called the 



Sabri'na or Severn.— ^Geoffrey, British 
History, ii. 2, etc. 

Estwicke (John), hero of Charles Eg- 
bert Craddoek's book. Where the Battle was 
Fought (1884). His real name was John 
Fortescue. 

Ete'ocles and Polyni'ces, the two sons 
(E'dipos. After the expulsion of their 
father, these two young princes agreed to 
reign alternate years in Thebes. Eteocles, 
being the elder, took the first turn, but at 
the close of the year refused to resign the 
sceptre to his brother; whereupon 
Polynlces, aided by six other chiefs, laid 
seige to the city. The two brothers met 
in combat, and each was slain by the other's 
hand. 

*** A similar fratricidal struggle is told 
of Don Pedro of Castile and his half- 
brother Don Henry. When Don Pedro had 
estranged the Castilians by his cruelty, 
Don Henry invaded Castile with a body of 
French auxiliaries, and took his brother 
prisoner. Don Henry visited him in 
prison, and the two brothers fell on each 
other like lions. Henry wounded Pedro 
in the face, but fell over a bench, when 
Pedro seized him. At that moment a 
Frenchman seized Pedro by the leg, tossed 
him over, and Henry slew him. — Menard, 
History o/Du Guesclin. 

Ethan {Allen). He gives under his own 
hand the history of the capture of Ticon- 
deroga. May 10, 1775, and corroborates the 
popular story that he demanded the sur- 
render of the fortress, " In the name of the 
Great Jehovah and the Continental Con- 
gress!" Attends Narrative of Captivity 
(1779). 

Eth'elbert, king of Kent, and the first 
of the Anglo-Saxon kings who was a chris- 



EEROL 



394 



ETTERCAP 



tian. He persuaded Q-regory to send 
over Augustine to convert the English to 
"the true faith" (596), and built St. 
Paul's, London. — Ethelwerd's Chronicle, 
ii. 

Good Ethelbert of Kent, first christened English 

king. 
To preach the faith of Christ was first did hither 

bring 
Wise Au'gustine the monk, from holy Gregory 

sent . . . 
That mighty fane to Paul in London did erect. 
Drayton, PolyolUon, xi. (1613). 

Eth'erington {The late earl of) father 
of Tyrrel and Bulmer. 

The titular earl of JEtherington, his suc- 
cessor to the title and estates. 

Marie de Martigny {La comtesse), wife of 
the titular earl of Etherington. — Sir W. 
Scott, St. Bonan^s Well (time, George III.). 

Ethiopians, the same as Abassinians. 
The Arabians call these people El-habasen 
or Al-habasen, whence our Abassins, but 
they call themselves Ithiopians or 
Ethiopians. — Seldon, Titles of Honor, vi. 
64. 

Where the Ahassin kings their issue guard, 
Mount Amara. 

Milton, Paradise Lost, iv. 280 (1665). 

Ethiop's Queen, referred to by Milton 
in his II Penseroso, was Cassiope'a, wife of 
Ce'pheus (2 syl.) king of Ethiopia. Boast- 
ing that she was fairer than the sea- 
nymphs, she offended the Nereids, who 
complained to Neptune. Old father Earth- 
Shaker sent a huge sea-monster to ravage 
her kingdom for her insolence. At death 
Cassiopea was made a constellation of 
thirteen stars. 

. . . that starred Ethiop queen that strove 
To set her beauty's praise above 
The sea-nymphs, and their powers offended. 
Milton, n Penseroso, 19 (1638). 



Ethnic Plot. The "Popish Plot" is 
so called in Dry den's satire of Absalom and 
Achitophel. As Dryden calls the royaUsts 
"Jews," and calls Charles II. " David, king 
of the Jews," the papists were " G-entiles " 
(or Ethnoi), whence the "Ethnic Plot" 
means the plot of the Ethnoi against the 
people of G-od.— Pt. i. (1681). 

Etiquette {Madame), the Duchesse de 
NoaiUes, grand mistress of the ceremonies 
in the court of Marie Antoinette ; so called 
from her rigid enforcement of all the for- 
malities and ceremonies of the ancien 
regime. 

Etna. Zeus buried under this moun- 
tain Enkel'ados, one of the hundred- 
handed giants. 

The whole land weighed him down, as Etna 

does 
The giant of mythology. 

Tennyson, The Golden Supper. 

Etteilla, the pseudonym of AUiette 
(spelt backwards), a perruquier and 
diviner of the eighteenth century. He 
became a professed cabalist, and was 
visited in his studio in the Hotel de Cril- 
lon (Rue de la Verrerie) by all those who 
desired to unroU the Book of Fate. In 
1783 he published Maniere de se Becreer 
avec le Jeu de Cartes nommees Tarots. In 
the British Museum are some divination 
cards published in Paris in the first half 
of the nineteenth century, called Grand 
Etteilla and Petit Etteilla, each pack being 
accompanied with a book of explication 
and instruction. 

Ettercap, an ill-tempered person, who 
mars sociability. The ettercap is the 
poison-spider, and should be spelt " Atter- 
cop." (The Anglo-Saxon, atter-cop, poison- 
spider.") 



ETTERCAP 



395 



EUDOXIA 



O sirs, was sic difference seen 
As 'twix wee Will and Tam, 

The ane's a perfect ettercap, 
The ither's just a lamb. 

W. Miller, Nursery Songs, 

Ettrick Shepherd (The), James Hogg, 
the Scotch Poet, who was born in the 
forest of Ettrick, in Selkirkshire, and was 
in early life a shepherd (1772-1835). 

Etty's Nine Pictures, " the Combat," 
the three " Judith " pictures, " Benaiah," 
" Ulysses and the Syrens," and the three 
pictures of " Joan of Arc." 

"My aim," says Etty, "in all my great 
pictures has been to paint some great moral on 
the heart. ' The Combat ' represents the beauty 
of mercy; the three ' Judith ' pictures, patriotism 
[1, self-devotion to God; 2, self-devotion to man; 3, 
self-devotion to country ; \' Benaiah, David's chief 
captain,' represents valor; 'Ulysses and the 
Syrens,' sensual delights or the wages of sin is 
death; and the three pictures of 'Joan of Arc' 
depict religion, loyalty and patriotism. In aU, 
nine in number, as it was my desire to paiat 
three.— William Etty, of York (1787-1849). 

Et'zel or Ezzel (^. e. Attila), king of 
the Huns, in the songs of the German 
minnesingers. A ruler over three king- 
doms and thirty principalities. His sec- 
ond wife was Kriemhild, the widow of 
Siegfried. In pt ii. of the Niebelungen 
Lied, he sees his sons and liegemen struck 
down without making the least effort to 
save them, and is as unlike the Attila of 
history as a " hector " is to the noble Tro- 
jan " the protector of mankind." 

Eu'charis, one of the nymphs of Calyp- 
so, with whom Telemachos was deeply 
smitten. Mentor, knowing his love was 
sensual love, hurried him away from the 
island. He afterwards fell in love with 
Anti'ope, and Mentor approved his choice. 
— ^F6nelon, Telemaque, vii. (1700). 

(Eucharis is meant for Mdlle. de Fon- 



tange, maid of honor to Mde. de Montes- 
pan. For a few months she was a favorite 
with Louis XIV., but losing her good 
looks she was discarded, and died at the 
age of 20. She used to dress her hair with 
streaming ribbons, and hence this style of 
head-gear was called a la Fontange. 

Eu'clio, a penurious old hunks. — Plau- 
tus, Aulularia. 

Now you must explain all this to me, unless 
you would have me use you as ill as Euclio does 
Staphy'la.— Sir W. Scott 

Eu'crates (3 syl.), the miller, and one 
of the archons of Athens. A shuffling 
fellow, always evading his duty and 
breaking his promise; hence the Latin 
proverb : 

Vias novit quibus effugiat Eucrates (" He has 
more shifts than Eucrates "). 

Eudo'cia (4 syl), daughter of Eu' 
menSs, governor of Damascus. Pho'cyas, 
general of the Syrian forces, being in love 
with her, asks the consent of Eumenes, 
and is refused. In revenge, he goes over 
to the Arabs, who are beseiging Damascus. 
Eudoeia is taken captive, but refuses to 
wed a traitor. At the end, Pho'cyas dies, 
and Eudoeia retires into a nunnery. — 
John Hughes, The Siege of Damascus 
(1720). 

. Eudon (Coimt) of Catabria. A baron 
favorable to the Moors, " too weak-mind- 
ed to be independent." When the Span- 
iards rose up against the Moors, the first 
order of the Moorish chief was this: 
" Strike off Count Eudon's head : the fear 
which brought him to our camp will bring 
him else in arms against us now" (eh. 
XXV.). Southey, Boderick, etc., xiii. (1814). 

Eudox'ia, wife of the Emperor Valen- 
tin'ian. Petro'nius Max'imus " poisoned" 



EUDOXIA 



396 



EUNICE 



the emperor, and tlie empress killed Maxi- 
mus. — Beaumont and Fletcher, Valentin- 
ian (1617). 

Eugene {Aram). Scholarly man of 
high ideals, who has committed a murder, 
and hides the knowledge of it from all. 
He is finally hunted down. — Lord Lytton, 
Eugene Aram. 

Euge'nia, called " Silence " and the 
" Unknown." She was the wife of Count 
de Valmont, and mother of Florian, " the 
foundling of the forest." In order to come 
into the property, Baron Longueville 
used every endeavor to kiU Eugenia and 
Florian, but all his attemps were abortive, 
and his villainy at length was brought to 
light. — W. Dimond, The Foundling of the 
Forest. 

Eugenie (Lalande). The marvellously 
well-preserved great-grandmother of a 
near-sighted youth who addresses and 
marries her. She reveals the trick that 
has been played on him by presenting 
him with a pair of eye-glasses. — Edgar 
Allan Poe, The Spectacles. 

Eugenic, a young gentleman who 
turned goat-herd, because Leandra jilted 
him and eloped with a heartless adven- 
turer named Vincent de la Rosa. — Cer- 
vantes, Don Quixote, 1. iv. 20 (" The Groat- 
herd's Story," 1605). 

Eugenius, the friend and wise coun- 
sellor of Torick. John Hall Stevenson 
was the original of this character. — Sterne, 
Tristram Shandy (1759). 

Euhe'meros,, a Sicilian Greek, who 
wrote a Sacred History to explain the his- 
torical or allegorical character of the 
Greek and Latin mythologies. 



One could wish Euhemeros had never been 
born. It was he that spoilt [the old myths] first 
— Ouid^, Ariadni, 1.1. 

Eulenspiegel (Tyll), i. e. " TyU Owl- 
glass," of Brunswick. A man who runs 
through the world as charlatan, fool, lans- 
quenet, domestic servant, artist, and Jack- 
of-aU-trades. He undertakes anything, 
but rejoices in cheating those who em- 
ploy him ; he parodies proverbs, rejoices 
in mischief, and is brimful of pranks and 
drolleries. Whether Eulenspiegel was a 
real character or not is a matter of dis- 
pute, but by many the authorship of the 
book recording his jokes is attributed to 
the famous German satirist, Thomas Mur- 
ner. 

In the English versions of the story he 
is called Howie-glass, 

To few mortals has it been granted to earn 
such a place in universal history as TyU Eulen- 
spiegel. Now, after five centuries, his native 
village is pointed out with pride to the trav- 
eller. — Carlyle. 

Eumseos (in Latin, Fumoeus), the slave 
and swine-herd of Ulysses, hence any 
swine-herd. 

Eu'menes (3 syl), Governor of Damas- 
cus, and father of Eudo'cia. — John 
Hughes, Siege of Damascus (1720). 

Eumnes'tes, Memory personified. 
Spenser says he is an old man, decrepit 
and half blind. He was waited on by a 
boy named Anamnestes. (Greek, eumnes- 
tis, "good memory," anamnestis, "re- 
search." — Faery Queen, ii. 9 (1590). 

Eunice {Alias " Nixey "). A friendless, 
ignorant girl, who bears an illegitimate 
child, while almost a child herself. She is 
taken from the street by a Christian 
woman and taught true purity and virtue. 



EUNICE 



397 



EUREKA 



In her horror at the discovery of the foul- 
ness of the sin, she vows herseli to the 
life of an uncloistered nun. Her death in 
a thunderstorm is translation rather than 
dissolution. — Elizabeth Stuart Phelps 
Hedged In (1870). 

Euphra'sia, daughter of Lord Dion, a 
character resembling " Viola " in Shakes- 
peare's Twelfth Night. Being in love with 
Prince PhUaster, she assumes boy's attire, 
calls herself "Bellario," and enters the 
prince's service. Philaster transfers Bel- 
lario to the Princess Arethusa, and then 
grows jealous of the lady's love for her 
tender page. The sex of Bellario being 
discovered, shows the groundlessness of 
this Jealousy. — Beaumont and Fletcher, 
Philaster or Love Lies A-hleeding (1608). 

Euphra'sia, "the Glrecian daughter," 
was daughter of Evander, the old king of 
Syracuse (dethroned by Dionysius, and 
kept prisoner in a dungeon on the summit 
of a rock). She was the wife of Phocion, 
who had fled from Syracuse to save their 
infant son. Euphrasia, having gained 
admission to the dungeon where her aged 
father was dying from starvation, 
" fostered him at her breast by the milk 
designed for her own babe, and thus the 
father found a parent in the child." When 
Timoleon took Syracuse, Dionysius was 
about to stab Evander, but Euphrasia, 
rushing forward, struck the tyrant dead 
upon the spot. — A. Murphy, The Grecian 
Daughter (1772). 

*** The same tale is told of Xantippe, 
who preserved the life of her father 
Cimo'nos in prison. The guard, astonished 
that the old man held out so long, set a 
watch and discovered the secret. 

There is a dungeon, in whose dim drear Ught 
What do I gaze on ? . . . 
An old man, and a female young and fair, 
Fresh as a nursing mother, in whose veins 



The blood is nectar . . . 
Here youth offers to old age the food, 
The milk of his own gift. ... It is her sire, 
To whom she renders back the debt of blood. 
Byron, GUUe Harold, iv. 148 (1817). 

Eu'phrasy, the herb eye-bright; so 
called because it was once supposed to be 
efficacious in clearing the organs of sight. 
Hence the archangel Michael purged the 
eyes of Adam with it, to enable him to see 
into the distant future. — See Milton, 
Paradise Lost, xi. 414-421 (1665). 

Eu'phues (3 spl.), the chief character 
in John Lilly's JEujahues or The Anatomy of 
Wit, and Euphues and his England. He 
is an Athenian gentleman, distinguished 
for his elegance, wit, love-making, and 
roving habits. Shakespeare borrowed his 
" government of the bees " {Henry V. act i. 
sc. 2) from Lilly. EuphuSs was designed 
to exhibit the style affected by the gallants 
of England in the reign of Queen Eliza- 
beth. Thomas Lodge wrote a novel in a 
similar style, called Euphues^ Golden Leg- 
acy (1590). 

" The commonwealth of your bees," replied 
EuphuSs, " did so delight me that I was not a 
little sorry that either their estates have not been 
longer, or your leisure more ; for, in my simple 
judgment, there was such an orderly government 
that men may not be ashamed to imitate it." — 
J. Lilly, Euphues (1581). 

(The romances of Calprenede and 
Scuderi bear the same relation to the jar- 
gon of Louis XIV., as the Euphues of Lilly 
to that of Queen Elizabeth.) 

Eure'ka ! or rather Heuee'ka ! (" I have 
discovered it ! ") The exclamation of 
Archime'des, the Syracusan philosopher, 
when he found out how to test the purity 
of Hi'ero's crown. 

The tale is, that Hiero suspected that a 
craftsman to whom he had given a certain 
weight of gold to make into a crown had 



EUREKA 



398 



EUSTACE 



alloyed the metal, and lie asked Archimedes 
to ascertain if his suspicion was well 
founded. The philosopher, getting into 
his bath, observed that the water ran over, 
and it flashed into his mind that his body 
displaced its own bulk of water. Now, 
suppose Hiero gave the goldsmith 1 lb. of 
gold, and the crown weighed 1 lb., it is 
manifest that if the crown was pure gold, 
both ought to displace the same quantity 
of water; but they did not do so, and 
therefore the gold had been tampered with. 
Archimedes next immersed in water 1 lb. 
of silver, and the difference of water dis- 
placed soon gave the clue to the amount 
of alloy introduced by the artificer. 

Vitruvius says : " When the idea occurred to 
the philosopher, he jumped out of his bath, and 
without waiting to put on his clothes, he ran 
home, exclaiming, ' Heureka ! heureka ! ' " 

Euro'pa. The Fight at Dame Europa's 
School, written by the Eev. H. W. Pullen, 
minor canon of Salisbury Cathedral. A 
skit on the Franco-Prussian war (1870- 
1871). 

Europe's Liberator. So Wellington 
wag called after the overthrow of Bona- 
parte (1769-1852). 

Oh, Welhngton . . . called " Saviour of the Na- 
tions " 
And " Europe's Liberator." 

Byron, Bon Juan, is.. 5 (1824). 

Eu'rus, the east wind; ZephjT, the 
west wind; No'tus, the south wind; 
Bo'reas, the north wind. Eurus, in Ita- 
lian, is called the Lev' ant (" rising of the 
sun"), and Zephyr is called Po'nent, ("set- 
ting of the sun "). 

Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds — 
Eurus and Zephyr. 

Milton, Paradise Lost, x. 705 (1665). 

Euryd'ice (4 syl.), the wife of Orpheus, 
killed by a serpent on her wedding night. 



Orpheus went down to Hades to crave for 
her restoration to life, and Pluto said she 
should follow him to earth provided he 
did not look back. When the poet was 
stepping on the confines of our earth, he 
turned to see if Eurydice was following, 
and just caught a glance of her as she was 
snatched back into the shades below. 

(Pope tells the tale in his Pindaric 
poem, called Ode on St. Cecilia's Day, 
1709.) 

Euryt'ion, the herdsman of Grer'yon. 
He never slept day nor night, but walked 
unceasingly among his herds with his 
two-headed dog Orthros. " Hercules them 
all did overcome." — Spenser, Faery Queen, 
V. 10 (1696). 

Eus'tace, one of the attendants of 
Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a follower 
of Prince John). — Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe 
(time, Richard I.). 

Eustace, {Father), or "Father Eusta- 
tius," the superior and afterwards abbot 
of St. Mary's. He was formerly William 
Allan, and the friend of Henry Warden 
(afterwards the Protestant preacher). — 
Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Eustace {Charles), a pupil of Ignatius 
Polyglot. He has been clandestinely 
married for four years, and has a little 
son named Frederick. Charles Eustace 
confides his scrape to Polyglot, and 
conceals his young wife in the tutor's 
private room. Polyglot is thought to be 
a libertine, but the truth comes out, and 
all parties are reconciled. — J. Poole, The 
Scapegoat. 

Eus'tace {Jack), the lover of Lueinda, 
and "a very worthy young fellow," of 
good character and family. As Justice 



EUSTACE 



399 



EVANDALE 



Woodcock was averse to tlie marriage, 
Jack introduced himself as a music- 
master, and Sir William Meadows, who 
recognized him, persuaded the justice to 
consent to the marriage of the young 
couple. This he was the more ready to 
do as his sister Deborah said positively he 
" should not do it." — Is. Bickerstaff, Love 
in a Village. 

Eva {St. Clair). Lovely child, the 
daughter of Uncle Tom's master, and 
Uncle Tom's warm friend. — H. B. Stowe, 
Uncle Tom's Cabin (1851). 

E'va, daughter of Torquil of the Oak. 
She is betrothed to Ferquhard Day. — 
Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, 
Henry IV.). 

Evad'ne (3 syl.), wife of Kap'aneus 
(3 syl.). She threw herself on the funeral 
pile of her husband, and was consumed 
with him. 

Evad'ne (3 syl.), sister of Melantius. 
Amintor was compelled by the king to 
marry her, although he was betrothed to 
Aspasia (the "maid" whose death forms 
the tragical event of the drama). — Beau- 
mont and Fletcher, The Maid's Tragedy 
(1610). 

The purity of female virtue in Aspasia is well 
contrasted with the ^Uty boldness of Evadne, 
and the rough soldier-like bearing and manly 
feeling of Melantius render the selfish sensu- 
ality of the king more hateful and disgusting. — 
R. Chambers, English Literature, i. 204. 

Evad'ne or the Statue, a drama by 
Sheil (1820). Ludov'ico, the chief minister 
of Naples, heads a conspiracy to murder 
the king and seize the crown; his great 
stumbling-block is the marquis of Co- 
lonna, a high-minded nobleman, who 
cannot be corrupted. The sister of the 
marquis is Evadne (3 syl.), plighted to 



Vicentio. Ludovico's scheme is to get 
Colonna to murder Vicentio and the king, 
and then to debauch EvadnS. With this 
in view, he persuades Vicentio that 
Evadne is the king's fille damowr, and 
that she marries him merely as a flimsy 
cloak, but he adds " Never mind, it wiU 
make your, fortune." The proud Neapol- 
itan is disgusted, and flings off Evadne 
as a viper. Her brother is indignant, 
challenges the troth-plight lover to a 
duel, and Vicentio falls. Ludovico now 
irritates Colonna by talking of the king's 
amour, and induces him to invite the 
king to a banquet and then murder him. 
The king goes to the banquet, and Evadne 
shows him the statues of the Colonna 
family, and amongst them one of her own 
father, who at the battle of Milan had 
saved the king's life by his own. The king 
is struck with remorse, but at this moment 
Ludovico enters and the king conceals 
himself behind the statue. Colonna tells 
the traitor minister the deed is done, and 
Ludovico orders his instant arrest, gibes 
him as his dupe, and exclaims, "Now I 
am king indeed ! " At this moment the 
king comes forward, releases Colonna, 
and orders Ludovico to be arrested. The 
traitor draws his sword, and Colonna 
kills him. Vicentio now enters, tells how 
his ear has been abused, and marries 
EvadnS. 

Evan Dhu of Liochiel, a Highland 

chief in the army of Montrose. — Sir W. 
Scott, Legend of Montrose (time, Charles 
1.). 

Evan Dhu M'ComMch, the foster- 
brother of M'lvor. — Sir W. Scott, Waver- 
ley (time, Greorge II.). 

Evandale {The Bight Hon. W. Max- 
well, lord), in the royal army under the 



EVANDALE 



400 



EVANTHE 



duke of Monmoutli. He is a suitor of 
Edith Bellenden, the granddaughter of 
Lady Margaret Bellenden, of the Tower 
of Tillietudlem.— Sir W. Scott, Old Mor- 
tality (time, Charles II.). 

Evan'der, the "good old king of 
Syracuse," dethroned by Dionysius the 
Younger. Evander had dethroned the 
elder Dionysius " and sent him for vile 
subsistence, a wandering sophist through 
the realms of Greece." He was the father 
of Euphrasia, and was kept in a dungeon 
on the top of a rock, where he would have 
been starved to death, if Euphrasia had 
not nourished him with " the milk designed 
for her own babe." When Syracuse was 
taken by Timoleon, Dionysius by accident 
came upon Evander, and would have 
kiUed him, but Euphrasia rushed forward 
and stabbed the tyrant to the heart. — A. 
Murphy, The Grecian Daughter (1772). 
See Ereoes of Authoes, " Dionysius." 

Mr. Bently, May 6, 1796, took leave of the 
stage in the character of "Evander." — ^W. C. 
Russell, Representative Actors, 426. 

Evangelic Doctor {The), John 
Wycliffe, " the Morning Star of the Ee- 
formation" (1324-1384). 

Evangeline, the heroine and title of a 
tale in hexameter verse by Longfellow, in 
two parts. Evangeline was the daughter 
of Benedict BeUefontaine, the richest farm- 
er of Acadia (now Nova Scotia). At the 
age of 17 she was legally betrothed by the 
notary-public to Gabriel, son of Basil the 
blacksmith, but next day all the colony 
was exiled by the order of George II., and 
their houses, cattle, and lands were con- 
fiscated. Gabriel and Evangeline were 
parted, and now began the troubles of her 
life. She wandered from place to place 



to find her betrothed. Basil had settled 
at Louisiana, but when Evangeline reached 
the place, Gabriel had just left ; she then 
went to the prairies, to Michigan, and so 
on, but at every place she was just too late 
to meet him. At length, grown old in 
this hopeless search, she went to Philadel- 
phia and became a sister of mercy. The 
plague broke out in the city, and as she 
visited the almshouse she saw an old man 
smitten down with the pestilence. It was 
Gabriel. He tried to whisper her name, 
but death closed his lips. He was buried, 
and Evangeline lies beside him in the 
grave. 

(Longfellow's Evangeline (1849) has 
many points of close simihtude with 
Campbell's tale of Gertrude of Wyoming, 
1809). 

Evans {Sir Hugh), a pedantic Welsh 
parson and schoolmaster of extraordinary 
simplicity and native shrewdness. — 
Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Wind- 
sor (1601). 

The reader may cry out with honest Sir Hugh 
Evans, " I like not when a 'ooman has a great 
peard." — Macaulay. 

Henderson says : " I have seen John Edwin, 
in * Sir Hugh Evans,' when preparing for the 
duel, keep the house in an ecstasy of merriment 
for many minutes together without speaking a 
word" (1750-1790). 

Evans {William), the giant porter of 
Charles I. He carried Sir Geoffrey Hud- 
son about in his pocket. Evans was 
eight feet in height, and Hudson only 
eighteen inches. Fuller mentions this 
giant amongst his Worthies. — Sir W. 
Scott, Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles 
IL). 

Evan'the (3 syl.), sister of Sora'no, 
the wicked instrument of Frederick, duke 
of Naples, and the chaste wife of Valeric. 



Evangeline 

Edwin Doug-las, Artist A. C- Alois. Engraver 

ft 

f^^AIR was she to behold, that maid of seventeen summers, 
JP Black were her eye^ as the berry that grows on the thorn by the 
wayside. 
Black, yet how softly they gleamed beneath the brown shade of her tresses. 
Sweet was her breath as the breath of kine that feed in the meadow. 

Now recommenced the reign of rest and affection and stillness. 
Day with its burden and heat had departed, and twilight descending 
Brought back the evening star to the shy, and the herds to the homestead. 
Pawing the ground they came, and resting their necks on each other. 
And with their nostrils distended, inhaling the freshness of evening. 
Foremost, hearing the bell, Evangeline' s beautiful heifer. 
Proud of her snow-white hide, and the ribbon that waved from her collar. 
Quietly paced and slow, as if conscious of human affection. ' ' 

Longfellow 's " Evangeline. ' ' 




EVANGELINE. 



EVANTHE 



401 EVERY ONE HAS HIS FAULT 



The duke tried to seduce her, but failing 
in this scandalous attempt, offered to 
give her to any one for a month, at the 
end of which time the libertine was to 
suffer death. No one would accept the 
offer, and ultimately Evanthe was restored 
to her husband. — Beaumont and Fletcher, 
A Wife for a Month (1624). 

Eve (1 syV), or Havah, the " mother of 
aU living" {Gen. iii, 20). Before the ex- 
pulsion from paradise her name was Ishah, 
because she was taken out of ish, i. e. 
"man" {Gen. ii. 23). 

Eve was of such gigantic statue that when she 
laid her head on one hOl near Mecca, her knees 
rested on two other hills in the plain, about two 
gun-shots asunder. Adam was as tall as a palm 
tree. — Moncony, Voyage, i. 372, etc. 

Ev'eli'na (4 syl.)^ the heroine of a novel 
so called by Miss Burney (afterwards Mme. 
D'Arblay). Evehna marries Lord OrviUe 
(1778). 

Evelyn {Alfred), the secretary and 
relative of Sir John Vesey. He made Sir 
John's speeches, wrote his pamphlets, got 
together his facts, mended his pens, and 
received no salary. Evelyn loved Clara 
Douglas, a dependent of Lady Franklin, 
but she was poor also, and declined to 
maxry him. Scarcely had she refused him, 
when he was left an immense fortune and 
proposed to G-eorgina Vesey. What little 
heart Greorgina had was given to Sir 
Frederick Blount, but the great fortune 
of Evelyn made her waver ; however, being 
told that Evelyn's property was insecure, 
she married Frederick, and left Evelyn 
free to marry Clara. — Lord E. Bulwer 
Lytton, Money (1840). 

Evelyn {Sir George) a man of fortune, 
family, and character, in love with Dorril- 
lon, whom he marries. — ^Mrs. Inchbald, 



Wives as they Were and Maids as they Are 
(1795). 

Everard {Colonel Markham), of the 
Commonwealth party. 

Master Everard, the colonel's father. — 
Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time, common- 
wealth). 

Ev'erett ( Master), a hired witness of 
the " Popish Plot."— Sir W. Scott, Peveril 
of the Peak (time, Charles II.). 

Every Man in His Humor, a comedy 
by Ben Jonson (1598). The original play 
was altered by David Q-arrick. The per- 
sons to whom the title of the drama apply 
are : " Captain Bobadil," whose humor is 
bragging of his brave deeds and military 
courage — he is thrashed as a coward by 
Downright; "Kitely," whose humor is 
jealousy of his wife — he is befooled and 
cured by a trick played on him by Brain- 
worm ; " Stephen," whose humor is ver- 
dant stupidity — he is played on by every 
one; "Kno'well," whose humor is suspi- 
cion of his son Edward, which turns out 
to be all moonshine ; " Dame Kitely," 
whose humor is jealousy of her husband, 
but she (like her husband) is cured by a 
trick devised by Brain worm. Every man 
in his humor is liable to be duped there- 
by, for his humor is the " Achilles' heel " 
of his character. 

Every Man out of His Humor, a 

comedy by Ben Jonson (1599). 

Every One has His Fault, a comedy 
by Mrs. Inchbald (1794). By the fault of 
rigid pride, Lord Norland discarded his 
daughter, Lady Eleanor, because she mar- 
ried against his consent. By the fault of 
gallantry and defect of due courtesy to his 
wife. Sir Robert Ramble drove Lady 



EVERY ONE HAS HIS FAULT 402 



EXCALIBUE 



Ramble into a divorce. By the fault of 
irresolution, "Shall I marry or shall I 
not ?" Solus remained a miserable bache- 
lor, pining for a wife and domestic joys. 
By the fault of deficient spirit and manli- 
ness, Mr. Placid was a hen-pecked husband. 
By the fault of marrying without the con- 
sent of his wife's friends, Mr. Irwin was 
reduced to poverty and even crime. Har- 
mony healed these faults ; Lord Norland 
received his daughter into favor; Sir 
Robert Ramble took back his wife ; Solus 
married Miss Spinster; Mr. Placid as- 
sumed the rights of the head of the family ; 
and Mr. Irwin, being accepted as the son- 
in-law of Lord Norland, was raised from 
indigence to domestic comfort. 

Evict, page to Sir John Ramorny 
(master of the horse to Prince Robert of 
Scotland).— Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of 
Perth (time, Henry IV.). 

Evir- Allen, the white-armed daughter 
of Branno, an Irishman. "A thousand 
heroes sought the maid; she refused her 
love to a thousand. The sons of the sword 
were despised, for graceful in her eyes was 
Ossian." This Evir-AUen was the mother 
of Oscar, Fingal's grandson, but she was 
not alive when Fingal went to Ireland to 
assist Cormac against the invading Norse- 
men, which forms the subject of the poem 
called Fingal, in six books. — Ossian, Fingal, 
iv. 

Ew'ain {Sir), son of King Vrience and 
Morgan le Fay (Arthur's half-sister). — Sii' 
T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 
72 (1470). 

Ewan of Brigglands, a horse soldier 
in the army of Montrose. — Sir W. Scott, 
jRoh Boy ) time, George I.). 



Ewart {Nanty i.e. Anthony), captain of 
the smuggler's brig. Sir W. Scott Bed- 
gauntlet (time, G-eorge III.). 

Excal'ibur, King Arthur's famous 
swords. There seems to have been two of 
his swords so called. One was the sword 
sheathed in stone, which no one could 
draw thence, save he who was to be king 
of the land. Above 200 knights tried to 
release it, but failed; Arthur alone could 
draw it with ease, and thus proved his 
right of succession (pt. i. 3). In ch. 7 this 
sword is called Excalibur, and is said to 
have been so bright "that it gave light 
hke thirty torches." After his fight with 
Pellinore, the king said to Merlin he had 
no sword, and Merlin took him to a lake, 
and Arthur saw an arm " clothed in white 
samite, that held a fair sword in the hand." 
Presently the Lady of the Lake appeared, 
and Arthur begged that he might have the 
sword, and the lady told him to go and 
fetch it. 'When he came to it he took it, 
"and the arm and hand went under the 
water again." This is the sword generally 
called Excalibur. When about to die. 
King Arthur sent an attendant to cast the 
sword back again into the lake, and again 
the hand " clothed in white samite " ap- 
peared, caught it, and disappeared (ch. 23). 
— Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, 
i. 3, 23 (1470). 

King Arthiir's sword, Excalibur, 
Wrought by the lonely maiden of the lake ; 
Nine years she wrought it, sitting in the deeps, 
Upon the hidden bases of the hills. 

Tennyson, Morte d' Arthur. 

Excalibur^s Sheath. " Sir," said Merlin, 
"look that ye keep well the scabbard of 
Excalibur, for ye shall lose no blood as 
long as ye have the scabbard upon you, 
though ye have never so many wounds." — 
Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 
36 (1470). 



Eve's Farewell to Paradise 



R. IVetiall, Artist 



Rich. Earlom, Engravet 



" El^E, who unseen 
Yet all had heard, with audible lament 
Dhcovered soon the place of her retire. 
'O unexpected stroke, worse than of death. 
Must I thus leave thee. Paradise ? thus leave 
Thee, native soil, these happy walks and shades. 
Fit haunt of gods? where I had hope to Spend, 
Quiet, though sad, the respite of that day 
That must be mortal to us both. O flowers I 
That never will in other climate grow. 
My early visitation, and my last 
At even, which I bred up with tender hand 
From the first opening bud, and gave ye names. 
Who now shall rear ye to the sun, or rank 
Your tribes, and water from th' ambrosial founti 
Thee, lastly, nuptial bower, by me adorn' d 
With what to sight or smell was sweet; from thee 
How shall I part, and whither wander down 
Into a lower world, to this obscure 
And wild? how shall we breathe in other air 
Less pure, accustom' d to immortal fruits?' " 

Milton's "Paradise Lost.** 





EVE'S FAREWELL TO PARADISE. 



EXECUTIONER 



403 



FABIUS 



Executioner {No). When Francis, vis- 
count d'Aspremont, governor of Bayonne, 
was commanded by Charles IX. of France 
to massacre the Huguenots, he replied, 
" Sire, there are many under my govern- 
ment devoted to your majesty, but not a 
single executioner." 

Exhausted Worlds . . . Dr. John- 
son, in the prologue spoken by Garrick at 
the opening of Drury Lane, in 1747, says 
of Shakespeare : 

Each change of many-colored life he drew, 
Exhausted worlds, and then imagined new. 

Exterminator {The), Montbars, chief of 
a set of filibusters in the seventeenth 
century. He was a native of Languedoc, 
and conceived an intense hatred against 
the Spaniards on reading of their cruelties 
in the New World. Embarking at Havre, 
in 1667, Montbars attacked the Spaniards 
in the AntUles and in Honduras, took 
from them Vera Cruz and Carthagena, and 
slew them most mercilessly wherever he 
encountered them (1645-1707). 

Eye. Terrible as the eye of Vatheh. One 
of the eyes of this caliph was so terrible 
in anger that those died who ventured to 
look thereon, and had he given way to his 
wrath, he would have depopulated his 



whole dominion. — W. Beckford, Vatheh 

(1784). 

Eyed {One-) people. The Arimaspians 
of Scythia were a one-eyed people. 

The Cyclops were giants with only one 
eye, and that in the middle of the fore- 
head. 

Tartaro, in Basque legends, was a one- 
eyed giant. Sindbad the sailor, in his 
third voyage, was cast on an island inhab- 
ited by one-eyed giants. 

Eyre {Jane), a governess, who stoutly 
copes with adverse circumstances, and ul- 
timately marries a used-up man of for- 
tune, in whom the germs of good feeling 
and sound sense were only exhausted, and 
not destroyed. — Charlotte Bront6, Jane 
Eyre (1847). 

Ez'zelin {Sir), the gentleman who 
recognizes Lara at the table of Lord Otho, 
and charges him with being Conrad the 
Corsair. A duel ensues, and Ezzelin is 
never heard of more. A serf used to say 
that he saw a huntsman one evening 
cast a dead body into the river which 
divided the lands of Otho and Lara, and 
that there was a star of knighthood on 
the breast of the corpse. — Byron, Lara 
(1814). 



A A {Gabriel), nephew of 
Meg Merrilees. One of the 
huntsmen at Liddesdale. — 
Sir W. Scott, Guy Man- 
nering (time, George II.). 



Fab'ila, a king devoted to the chase. 
One day he encountered a wild boar, and 
commanded those who rode with him not 




to interfere, but the boar overthrew him 
and gored him to death. — Chronica Anti- 
qua de Espaiia, 121. 

Falbius {The American), George Wash- 
ington (1732-1799). 

Fa'bius {The French), Anne, due de 
Montmorency, grand-constable of France 
(1493-1567). 



FABEICIUS 



404 



FADLADINIDA 



Fabricius [Fa.hrish' .e.us], an old Eo- 
man, like Cincinnatus and Curius Denta- 
tus, a type of the rigid purity, frugality, 
and honesty of the "good old times." 
Pyrrhus used every effort to corrupt him 
by bribes, or to terrify him, but in vain. 
"Excellent Fabricius," cried the Greek, 
" one might hope to turn the sun from its 
course as soon as turn Fabricius from the 
path of duty." 

Falric'ius, an author, whose composi- 
tion was so obscure that Gil Bias could 
not comprehend the meaning of a single 
line of his writings. His poetry was ver- 
bose fustian, and his prose a maze of 
far-fetched expressions and perplexed 
phrases. 

Fabrit'io, a merry soldier, the friend 
of Captain Jac'omo the woman-hater. — 
Beaumont and Fletcher, The Captain 
(1613). 

Face (1 si/l.), alias " Jeremy," house- 
servant of Lovewit. During the absence 
of his master. Face leagues with Subtle 
(the alchemist) and Dol Common to turn 
a penny by alchemy, fortune-telling, and 
magic. Subtle (a beggar who knew some- 
thing about alchemy) was discovered by 
Face near Pye Corner. Assuming the 
philosopher's garb and wand, he called 
himself "doctor;" Face, arrogating the 
title of " captain," touted for dupes ; while 
Dol Common kept the house, and aided 
the other two in their general scheme of 
deception. On the unexpected return of 
Lovewit, the whole thing blew up, but 
Face was forgiven, and continued in his 
place as house-servant. — Ben Jonson, 
The Alchemist (1619). 

Facto'tum (Johannes), one employed 
to do all sorts of work for another ; one 



in whom another confides for all the odds 
and ends of his household management or 
business. 

He is an absolute Johannes Factotum, at 
least in his own conceit. — Greene, Oroafs-worth 
of Wit (1692). 

Faddle ( William), a " f eUow made up of 
knavery and noise, with scandal for wit 
and impudence for raillery. He was so 
needy that the very devil might have 
bought him for a guinea." Sir Charles 
Raymond says to him : 

" Thy life is a disgrace to humanity, A fool- 
ish prodigality makes thee needy ; need makes 
thee vicious ; and both make thee contemptible. 
Thy wit is prostituted to slander and buffoon- 
ery ; and thy judgment, if thou hast any, to 
meanness and vxUainy. Thy betters, that laugh 
with thee, laugh at thee ; and all the varieties 
of thy life are but pitiful rewards and painful 
abuses." — Ed. Moore, The Foundling, iv. 2 
(1748). 

Fa'dha (Ah), Mahomet's silver cuirass. 

Fad'ladeen, the great nazir' or cham- 
berlain of Aurungze'be's harem. He criti- 
cises the tales told to Lalla Eookh by a 
young poet on her way to Delhi, and great 
was his mortification to find that the poet 
was the young king his master. 

Fadladeen was a judge of everything, from the 
pencilling of a Circassian's eyehds to the deepest 
questions of science and hterature; from the 
mixture of a conserve of rose leaves to the com- 
position of an epic poem. — T. Moore, Lalla Bookh 
(1817). 

Fadladin'ida, wife of King Chronon- 
hotonthologos. While the king is alive 
she falls in love with the captive king of 
the An tip' odes, and at the death of the 
king, when two suitors arise, she says, 
"Well, gentlemen, to make matters easy, 
I'll take you both." — H. Cary, Chrononho- 
tonthologos (a burlesque). 



FAERY QUEEN 



405 



FAINT HEART 



FaSry Queen, a metrical romance, in 
six books, of twelve cantos each, by Ed- 
mjind Spenser {incomplete). 

Book I. The Red Ceoss Knight, the 
spirit of Christianity, or tbe victory of holi- 
ness over sin (1590). 

II. The Legend of Sik Guyon, the golden 
mean (1590). 

III. The Legend of Bkitomaetis, chaste 
love. Britomartis is Diana or Queen Eliza- 
beth (1590). 

IV. Cambel and Tsumotad, fidelity (1596). 

V. The Legend op Sm Ab'tegal, justice 
(1596). 

VI. The Legend of Sib Calidoee, cour- 
tesy (1596). 

*** Sometimes bk. vii., called Mutability, 
is added ; but only fragments of this book 
exist. 

Fafnis, the dragon with which Sigurd 
fights. — Sigurd the Horny (a German ro- 
mance based on a Norse legend). 

Fag, the lying servant of Captain Abso- 
lute. He " wears his master's wit, as he 
does his lace, at second hand." — Sheridan, 
The Rivals (1775). 

Faggot {Nicholas), clerk to Matthew 
Foxley, the magistrate who examined 
Darsie Latimer {i. e. Sir Arthur Darsie 
Redgauntlet) after he had been attacked 
by rioters. — Sir W. Scott, Redgauntlet 
(time, George III.). 

Faggots and Faggots {By a fagots et 
fagots), aU things of the same sort are not 
equal in quality. In Moliere's Le Medecin 
Malgre Lui, SganareUe wants to show that 
his faggots are better than those of other 
persons, and cries out "Ay! but those 
faggots are not equal to mine." 

H est vrai, messieurs, que je suis le premier 
homme du monde pour f aire des fagots . . . 



Je n'y ^pargne aucune chose, et les f ais d'une 
f aeon qu'il n'y a rien a dire ... II y a fagots, 
et fagots. — Act i. 6 (1666). 

Fagin, an old Jew, who employs a gang 
of thieves, chiefly boys. These boys he 
teaches to pick pockets and pilfer adroitly. 
Fagin assumes a most suave and fawning 
manner, but is malicious, grasping, and 
full of cruelty. — C. Dickens, Oliver Twist 
(1837). 

Falnall, cousin by marriage to Sir Wil- 
ful "Witwould. He married a young, 
wealthy, and handsome widow, but the 
two were cat and dog to each other. The 
great aim of FainaU was to get into his 
possession the estates of his wife (settled 
on herself " in trust to Edward Mirabell"), 
but in this he failed. In outward sem- 
blance, FainaU was plausible enough, but 
he was a goodly apple rotten at the core, 
false to his friends, faithless to his wife, 
overreaching, and deceitful. 

Mrs. FainaU. Her first husband was 
Languish, son of Lady Wishford. Her 
second husband she both despised and 
detested. — "W. Congreve, The Way of the 
World (1700). 

Fainaso'lis, daughter of Craca's king 
{the Shetland Isles). When Fingal was 
quite a young man, she fled to him for 
protection against Sora, but scarcely had 
he promised to take up her cause, when 
Sora landed, drew the bow, and she fell. 
Fingal said to Sora, "Unerring is thy 
hand, Sora, but feeble was the foe." He 
then attacked the invader, and Sora fell. — 
Ossian, Fingal, iii. 

Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady, 

a line in a ballad written to the " Berk- 
shire Lady," a Miss Frances Kendrick, 
daughter of Sir William Kendrick, second 
baronet. Sir William's father was created 



FAINT HEART 



406 



FAIRSERVICE 



baronet by Charles II. The wooer was a 
Mr. Child, son of a brewer at Abingdon, 
to whom the lady sent a challenge. 

Having read this strange relation, 
He was in a consternation ; 
But, advising with a friend, 
He persuades him to attend : 
" Be of courage and make ready, 
Faint heart never won fair lady." 

Quarterly Review, cvi. 205-245. 

Faint Heart never Won Fair Lady, name 
of a petit comedie brought out by Mde. 
Vestris at the Olympic. Mde. Vestris her- 
self performed the part of the " fair lady." 

Fair Penitent {The) a tragedy by 
Eowe (1703). Calista was daughter of 
Lord Seiol'to (3 syl.), and bride of Lord 
Al'talnont. It was discovered on the 
wedding-day that she had been seduced by 
Lotha'rio. This led to a duel between the 
bridegroom and the libertine, in which 
Lothario was killed ; a street riot ensued, 
in which Sciolto receives his death- wound ; 
and Cahsta, "the fair penitent," stabbed 
herself. The drama is a mere rechauffe of 
Massinger's Fatal Dowry. 

Fairbrother {Mr.), counsel of Effie 
Deans at the trial. — Sir W. Scott, Heart of 
Midlothian (time, George II.). 

Fairfax {Thomas, lord), father of the 
duchess of Buckingham. — Sir "W. Scott, 
Peveril of the Peak (time, Charles II.). 

Fairfax {Rutherford). Young man born 
of a line of brave men, who is conscious 
that early petting at home and a foreign 
education have developed physical coward- 
ice. On his way home from England he 
falls into the hands of desperadoes who 
force him to fire a pistol at a bound man. 
The lad is almost fainting, and swoons 
with pain and horror when the deed is, as 



he thinks, done. His father believes him 
a coward, and the sense of this and a lov- 
ing woman's trust in him, nerve him to 
deeds of endurance and valor that clear 
his record triumphantly. — Octave Thanet, 
Expiation (1890). 

Fairfield, the miller, and father of 
Patty " the maid of the mill." An honest, 
straightforward man, grateful and modest. 
— Bickerstaff, The Maid of the Mill 
(1647). 

Fairford {Mr. Alexander or Saunders), 
a lawyer. 

Allan Fairford, a young barrister, son 
of Saunders, and a friend of Darsie Lati- 
mer. He marries Lilias Redgauntlet, sis- 
ter of Sir Arthur Darsie Redgauntlet, 
called " Darsie Latimer." 

Peter Fairford, Allan's cousin. — Sir W. 
Scott, Bedgauntlet (time, G-eorge III.), 

Fairleigh {Frank), the pseudonym of 
F. E. Smedley, editor of Sharpe's London 
Magazine (1848, 1849). It was in this 
magazine that Smedley's two novels, Frank 
Fairleigh and Louis Arundel were first 
published. 

Fairlimb, sister of Bitelas, and daugh- 
ter of Eukenaw the ape, in the beast-epic 
called Beynard the Fox (1498). 



Fair Maid of Perth. 

Scott's novel of same name. 



Heroine of 



Fair'scrieve (2 syl.), clerkof Mr. James 
Middleburgh, a magistrate of Edinburgh. 
— Sir W. Scott, Heart of Midlothian (time, 
George II.), 

Fairservlce {Mr), a magistrate's clerk. 
— Sir W. Scott, Hea/rt of Midlothian (time, 
George II.). 



FAIRSERVICE 



407 



FAKAR 



Fairservice {Andrew), the humorous 
Scotch gardener of Sir Hildebrand Os- 
baldistone, of Osbaldistone Hall. — Sir W. 
Scott, Boh Boy (time, George I.). 

Overflowing with a humor as peculiar in its 
way as the humors of Andrew Fairservice. — 
London Athenceum. 

Fairstar (Princess), daughter of Queen 
Blon'dina (who had at one birth two boys 
and a girl, all " with stars on their fore- 
heads, and a chain of gold about their 
necks"). On the same day, Blondina's 
sister Brunetta (wife of the king's brother) 
had a son, afterwards called Cherry. The 
queen-mother, wishing to destroy these 
four children, ordered Fein'tisa to strangle 
them, but Feiatisa sent them adrift in a 
boat, and told the queen-mother they were 
gone. It so happened that the boat was 
seen by a corsair, who brought the children 
to his wife Cor'sina to bring up. The 
corsair soon grew immensely rich, because 
every time the hair of these children was 
combed, jewels fell from their heads. 
When grown up, these castaways went to 
the land of their royal father and his 
brother, but Cherry was for a while em- 
ployed in getting for Fairstar (1) The 
dancing water, which had the gift of im- 
parting beauty; (2) The singing apple, 
which had the gift of imparting wit ; and 
(3) The green bird, which could reveal aU 
secrets. By this bird the story of their 
birth was made known, and Fairstar 
married her cousin Cherry. — Comtesse 
D'Aunoy, Fairy Tales (" Princess Fair- 
star," 1682). 

*#* This tale is borrowed from the fairy 
tales of Straparola, the Milanese (1550). 

Faith {Brown), wife of Goodman Brown. 
He sees her in his fantasy of the witches' 
revel in the forest, and calls to her to 



" look up to heaven." — Hawthorne, Mosses 
from an Old Manse (1854). 

Faith {Derrick). A beautiful, unsophis- 
ticated girl, whose accomplished tutor in- 
structs her in beUes iettres, natural phil- 
osophy, rehgion and love. He becomes a 
clergyman and she marries him. — Susan 
Warner, Say and Seal (1860J. 

Faith Gartney. A city girl whose parents 
remove to the country before she has an 
opportunity to enter society. She is 
partially betrothed to Paul Rushleigh, but 
under the influence of nature, and associa- 
tion with an older and nobler man, out- 
grows her early lover, and marries Roger 
Armstrong. — A. D. T. Whitney, Faith 
Gartney^s Girlhood (1863). 

Faithful, a companion of Christian in 
his walk to the Celestial City. Both were 
seized at Vanity Fair, and Faithful, being 
burnt to death, was taken to heaven, in a 
chariotoffire. — Bunjan, Pilgrim^ s Progress, 
i. (1678). 

Faithful {Jacob), the title and hero of a 
sea tale, by Captain Marry at (1835). 

Faithful {Father of the), Abraham. — 
Bom. iv. ; Gal. iii. 6-9. 

Faithful Shepherdess {The), a pas- 
toral drama by John Fletcher (1610). The 
"faithful shepherdess" is Clor'in, whose 
lover was dead. Faithful to his memory, 
Clorin retired from the busy world, em- 
ploying her time in works of humanity, 
such as healing the sick, exorcising the 
bewitched, and comforting the afflicted. 

(A part of Milton's Comus is almost a 
verbal transcript of the pastoral.) 

Fakar {DhuH), Mahomet's scimitar. 



FAKENHAM GHOST 



408 



FALIERO 



Fakenham Ghost {The). An old 
woman, walking to Fakenham, had to 
cross the churchyard after nightfall. She 
heard a short, quick step behind, and 
looking round saw what she fancied to be 
a four-footed monster. On she ran, faster 
and faster, and on came the pattering 
footfalls behind. She gained the church- 
yard gate and pushed it open, but, ah ! 
' ' the monster " also passed through. Every 
moment she expected it would leap upon 
her back. She reached her cottage door 
and fainted. Out came her husband with 
a lantern, saw the " sprite," which was no 
other than the foal of a donkey, that had 
strayed into the park and followed the 
ancient dame to her cottage door. 

And many a laugh went through the vale. 
And some conviction, too ; 

Each thought some other goblin tale 
Perhaps was just as true. 
R. Bloomfleld, The Fakenham Ghost (a fact). 

Falcon. Wm. Morris tells us that 
whoso watched a certain falcon for seven 
days and seven nights without sleeping, 
should have his first wish granted by a 
fay. A certain king accomplished the 
watching, and wished to have the fay's 
love. His wish was granted, but it prov- 
ed his ruin. — The Earthly Paradise 
("July") 

Falconer (Mr.), laird of Bahnawhapple, 



a friend of the old baron of Bradwardine. 
— Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George 

n.). 

Falconer (Major), brother of Lady Both- 
well. — Sir W. Scott, Aunt Margaret's 
Mirror (time, William III.). 

Falconer {Edmund), the nom de plume of 
Edmund O'Rourke, author of Extremes or 
Men of the day (a comedy, 1859). 

Falie'ro {Marino), the doge of Venice, 
an old man who married a young wife 
named Angioli'na (3 syl.). At a banquet, 
Michel Steno, a young patrician, grossly 
insulted some of the ladies, and was, by 
the order of the doge, turned out of the 
house. In revenge, Steno placarded the 
doge's chair with some scurrilous verses 
upon the young dogaressa, and Faliero re- 
ferred the matter to "the Forty." The 
council sentenced Steno to two months' 
imprisonment, and the doge deemed this 
punishment so inadequate to the offence, 
that he looked upon it as a personal in- 
sult, and headed a conspiracy to cut off, 
root and branch, the whole Venetian nobil- 
ity. The project being discovered, Faliero 
was put to death (1355), at the age of 76, 
and his picture removed from the gallery 
of his brother doges. — Byron, Marino 
Faliero. 







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