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Cornell University Library
PM 848.S53
Chinook iargon and how to use it;
3 1924 027 107 899
The original of tiiis book is in
tine Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in
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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924027107899
THE CHINOOK JARGON
CHIEF AUTHORITIES.
Myron Eells, D. D., (manuscript).
George Gibbs, (Smithsonian Institution), printed.
Horatio Hale, M. A., F. R. S. C, (printed).
Charles M. Buchanan, (Haskell Institute), manuscript.
Dr. Franz Boas, (printed).
Alexander Francis Chamberlain, (printed).
Rev. Paul Gard, (manuscript notes), French words.
W. S. Phillips, (El Comancho), criticism.
Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Alfred (Indians), Suquamish, Wash.
Indians, (numerous), Puget Sd., Neah Bay and West Coast.
THE CHINOOK JARGON
AND HOW TO USE IT
A COMPLETE AND EXHAUSTIVE
LEXICON OF THE OLDEST TRADE
LANGUAGE OF THE
AMERICAN CONTINENT.
By
GEORGE C. SHAW
1909
Seattle
Rainier Printing Company, Inc.
116 Third Avenue So.
^7 r
Copyright 1909 by
George C, Shaw
To
Erastus Brainerd
INTRODUCTION
In offering the present work to the
public, it is the author's hope to supply,
with respect to other dictionaries of the
Chinook Jargon, a desideratum hitherto
unsupplied in the fifty or more editions
of small vocabularies Issued during a
period of seventy years.
It has been the aim to give the origin
and derivation of every word treated,
whenever such is known, and to record
under each every authoritative reference
thereto. Also a reference to the author-
ity is noted.
With regard to the spelling, it is be-
lieved that a sufficient number of forms
is recorded to enable the student to
identify practically every word, as well
as to trace the origin of many words of
undetermined derivation.
A valuable feature is the index to use-
ful words in the main vocabulary. An-
other feature worth mention is the sup-
plemental vocabulary of about two hun-
dred uncommon words, which are of
such limited use as to preclude a neces-
sity for their appearance in the main
vocabulary. One of the best features,
perhaps, is the Guide to Pronunciation,
with the Key to the Symbols. This
pronouncing vocabulary records two
hundred and seventy-five words, employ-
ing the diacritically marked letters, and
is the work of the late Myron Eells,
than whom no higher authority ever
lived.
"The origin of this Jargon, a conven-
tional language similar to the Ijingua
Franca of the Mediterranean, the Negro-
English-Dutch of Surinam, the Pigeon
English of China, and several other
mixed tongues, dates back to the fur
droguers of the last century. Those
mariners whose enterprise in the fifteen
years preceding 1800, explored the in-
tricacies of the northwest coast of
America, picked up at their general ren-
dezvous, Nootka Sound, various native
words useful in barter, and thence trans-
planted them, with additions from the
English, to the shores of Oregon. Even
before their day, the coasting trade and
warlike expeditions of the northern
tribes, themselves a seafaring race, had
opened up a partial understanding of
of each other's speech; for when, in
1792, Vancouver's officers visited Gray's
Harbor, they found that the natives,
though speaking a different language,
understood many words of the Nootka.
On the arrival of Lewis and Clarke
at the mouth of the Columbia, in 1806,
the new language, from the sentences
given by them, had evidently attained
some form. It was with the arrival of
Astor's party, however, that the Jargon
received its principal impulse. Many
more words of English were then
brought in, and for the first time the
French, or rather the Canadian and
Missouri patois of the French, were in-
troduced. The principal seat of the
company being at Astoria, not only a
large addition of Chinook words was
made, but a considerable number was
taken from the Chihalis, who immediate-
ly bordered the tribe on the north, —
each owning a portion of Shoalwater
Bay. The words adopted from the sev-
eral languages were, naturally enough,
those most easily uttered by all, except,
of course, that objects new to the na-
tives found names in French or Eng-
lish, and such modifications were made
in pronunciation as suited tongues ac-
customed to different sounds. Thus the
gutturals of the Indians were softened
or dropped; and the f and r of the Eng-
lish and French, to them unpronounce-
able, were modified into p and 1. Gram-
matical forms were reduced to their
simplest expression, and variations in
mood and tense conveyed only by ad-
verbs or by the context. The language
continued to receive additions, and as-
sumed a more distinct and settled mean-
ing, under the Northwest and Hudson's
Bay companies, who succeeded Astor's
party, as well as through the American
settlers in Oregon. Its advantage was
soon perceived by the Indians, and the
Jargon became to some extent a means
of communication between natives of
different speech, as well as between
them and the whites. It was even used
as such between Americans and Cana-
dians. It was at first most in vogue
upon the lower Columbia and the Wil-
lamette, whence it spread to Puget
Sound, and with the extension of trade
found its way far up the coast, as well
as the Columbia and Fraser rivers; and
there are now few tribes between the
42nd and 57th parallels of latitude In
which there are not to be found inter-
preters through its medium. Its preva-
lence and easy acquisition, while of vast
convenience to traders and settlers, has
tended greatly to hinder the acquire-
ment of the original Indian languages;
so much so, that except by a few mis-
sionaries and pioneers, hardly one of
them is spoken or understood by white
men In all Oregon and Washington 'Ter-
ritory. Notwithstanding its apparent
poverty in number of words, and the
X
THE CHINOOK JARGON
absence of grammatical forms, it pos-
sesses much more flexibility and power
of expression than might be imagined,
and really serves almost every purpose
of ordinary intercourse.
The number of words constituting the
Jargon proper has been variously stated.
Many formerly employed have become
in great measure obsolete, while others
have been locally introduced. Thus, at
the Dalles of the Columbia, var.ious
terms are common which would not
be intelligible at Astoria or on Puget
Sound. In making the following selec-
tion, I have included all those which,
on reference to a number of vocabu-
laries, I have found current at any of
these places, rejecting, on the other
hand, such as individuals, partially ac-
quainted with the native languages, have
employed for their own convenience." —
George Gibbs, in "A Dictionary of the
Chinook Jargon or Trade Language of
Oregon," prepared from materials col-
lected by himself during a residence of
twelve years on the Northwest Coast of
North America.
"CHINOOK."
"The 'Trade Jtangvage,' which came
afterwards to be known as the 'Chinook
Jarg'on,' grew into existence. As finally
developed, it has become really an 'inter-
national speech' widely diffused _amon^
the fifty tribes of Oregon, Washington,
British Columbia and Alaska, and of
inestimable service, not only to com-
merce, but to science, to missionary ef-
forts, and to the convenience of travel-
ers. • * » The British and Ameri-
can trading ships first appeared on the
northwest coast during the closing years
of the last (eighteenth) century. The
great number of languages spoken by
the native tribes proved to be a, serious
hindrance to their business. * * *
Unfortunately, all these languages —
the Nootka, NiBilually, Climook, Cbl-
liaillsli, and others — were alike harsh in
pronunciation, complex in structure, and
each spoken over a very limited space.
But, as the harbor of Nootka was at
that time the headquarters or chief em-
porium of the trade, it was necessarily
the case that some words of the dialect
there spoken became known to the
traders, and the Indians, on the other
hand, were made familiar with a few
English words. These, with the assist-
ance of signs, were sufficient for the
slight intercourse that was then main-
tained. Afterwards the traders began
to frequent the Columbia River, and
naturally attempted to communicate
■with the natives there by means of the
words with which they had found in-
telligible at Nootka. The Chinooks, who
are quick in catching sounds, soon ac-
quired these words, both Nootka and
English, and we find that they were in
use among them as early as the visit
of Lewis and Clark in 1804. But when,
at a later period, the white traders of
Aster's expeditions, and from other
quarters, made permanent establish-
ments in Oregon, it was soon found
that the scanty list of nouns, verbs, and
adjectives then in use was not sufficient
for the more constant and general inter-
course which began to take place. A
real language, complete in all its parts,
however limited in extent, was required;
and it was found by drawing upon the
Chinook for such words as were requi-
site, in order to add to the skeleton
which they had already possessed the
sinews and tendons, the connecting liga-
ments, as it were, of a speech- These
consisted of the numerals (the ten
digits and the word for hundred), twelve
pronouns (I, thou, he, we, ye, they, this,
other, all, both, who, what), and about
twenty adverbs and prepositions (such
as now, then, formerly, soon, across,
ashore, offshore, inland, above, below, to,
with, etc.). Having appropriated these
and a few other words of the same
tongue, the Trade Language — or, as it
now began to be styled, 'the Jargon' —
assumed a regular shape, and became
of great service as a means of general
intercourse. But the new idiom received
additions from other sources. The Ca-
nadian voyageurs, as they are called,
who enlisted in the service of the Amer-
ican and British fur companies, were
brought more closely in contact with
the Indians than any others of the for-
eigners. They did not merely trade,
they traveled, hunted, ate, and, in short,
lived with them on terms of familiarity.
The consequence was that several words
of the French language were added to
the slender stock of the Jargon. Eight
on ten words were made by what gram-
marians term onomatopoeia, — that is,
were formed by rude attempts to imi-
tate sound, and are therefore the sole
and original property of the Jargon.
All the words thus combined in this
singularly constructed language, at that
stage of its existence, were found to
number, according to my computation,
about two hundred and fifty. Of these,
eighteen were of Nootka origin, forty-
one were English, thirty-four French,
one hundred and eleven Chinook, ten
formed by onomatopoeia, and some
thirty-eight were of doubtful derivation,
though probably for the most part
either Chinook or Nootkan. But as
might be expected, the language con-
tinued to develop. Its grammar, such
as it was, remained the same, but its
Lexicon drew contributions from all the
various sources which have been named,
AND HOW TO USE IT.
XI
and from some others. In 1863, seven-
teen years after my list was published,
the Smithsonian Institution put forth
a 'Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon,'
prepared by the late George Gibbs, a
thoroughly competent investigator. His
collection comprised nearly five hun-
dred words. Those of Chinook origin
had almost doubled, being computed at
two hundred and twenty-one. The
French had more than doubled, and com-
prised now ninety-four words. The
ISnglish terms were sixty-seven. The
great Salish or 'Flathead' stock, with
whose tribes, next to the Chinook,
the Oregon traders had the largest re-
lations, furnished thirty-nine words.
The Nootka, in its various dialects, now
yielded twenty-four. The others, about
forty, were due to the Imitation of nat-
ural sounds, or were of casual or un-
determined derivation. There can be no
doubt that it will remain a living and
useful language so long as the native
tribes continue to speak their own dia-
lects. Rude and form^less as it is, the
spontaneous product o'f the commercial
needs of mingled races, it has been the
source of great and varied benefits. It
may well serve, if not as a model, at
least as a finger-post to direct us to
some higher invention for subserving
the larger uses of an advanced civiliza-
tion. Viewed in this light, and also as
presenting one of the most curious
specimens of a 'mixed language' which
philologists have had the opportunity of
analyzing, the Jargon seems to merit
a somewhat careful study."
Another View. — "The Chinook Jargon
was invented by the Hudson Bay Com-
pany traders, who were mostly French-
Canadians. Having to trade with the
numerous tribas inhnbiting the coun-
tries west of the Rocky Mountains, it
was necessary to liave a language un-
derstood by all. Hence, the idea of
composing the Chinook Jargon. Fort
Vancouver being the principal post, the
traders of the twenty-nine forts belong-
ing to the company, on the western
slope, and the Indians from every part
of that immense country, had to come
to Vancouver for the trading sea,§on.
They used to learn the Chinook, and
then teach it to others. In this manner
it became universally known. The two
first missionaries to Oregon, Rev. F. N.
Blanchet, V. G., and his worthy com-
panion. Rev. Mod. Demers, arrived from
Canada to Vancouver on the 24th of No-
vember, 1838. They had to instruct
numerous tribes of Indians, and the
wives and children of the whites, who
spoke only the Chinook. The two mis-
sionaries set to work to learn it, and in
a few weeks Father Demers had mas-
tered it, and began to preach. He com-
posed a vocabulary which was very use-
ful to other missionaries. He composed
several canticles which the Indians
learned and sang with taste and de-
light. He also translated all the Chris-
tian prayers in the same language. Such
is the origin of the Chinook Jargon,
which enabled the two first missionaries
in the country to do a great deal of
good among the Indians and half-
breeds." — Rev. L. N. St. Onge.
Jnd^e SwEUi's Opinion: "This Jargon
is composed of Chinook, French and
English languages, and is supposed by
many to have been formed by the Hud-
son Bay Company for trading purposes.
Such, however, is not the fact. There
have been constant additions to the Jar-
gon since the advent of the Hudson Bay
Company, for many of the words now
in general use in this language are of
French and English origin, but I think
that, among the Coast Indians in par-
ticular, the Indian part of the language
has been in use for years. The first
mention I have seen made of this Jar-
gon is in Meare's voyages in 1788, where
in giving an account of a chief named
Callicum, who hurt his leg while climb-
ing on board ship, and then sucked the
blood from the wound, Meares states
he "licked his lips, and, patting his
belly, exclaimed, cloosli, cloosh, or good,
good."
ClooBh, or klose, or close, are all the
same, and mean good. The different
manner in which words are spelled is
no evidence of a difference of meaning,
for no two writers of Indian words
fully agree as to the proper method of
spelling. (Xloshe is spelled in the fol-
lowing ways: Close, Closche, Cloncli,
klosclie, klose, Iclosli, kloosh, tloos, tlosli,
tloBli, etc. — Editor). Still later than
this, in 1803, Jewett, in his narrative
of the ship Boston, at Nootka, gives a
vocabulary of the words in common
use among the Nootkans. ■• * "It is
a language confined wholly, I believe,
to our Northwestern possessions west
of the Rocky Mountains. It originated
in the roving, trading spirit of the
tribes, and has been added to and in-
creased since the introduction of the
whites among them." — The Northwest
Coast.
ABBBEVIATIOirS AND EXFI^ANA-
TOBT NOTES.
Adj. Adjective. "The adjective pre-
cedes the noun, as in English and Chi-
nook; as, lasway bakatschum, silk hand-
kerchief; mesalicliie tiliknm, bad peo-
ple." — Hale.
Adv. Adverb. "The adverb usually
precedes the adjective or verb which it
qualifies, though it may sometimes fol-
low the latter." — Hale.
XII
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Belbella. Bellabella. "The popular
name of an important Kwakiutl tribe
living on Milbanlc Sd., Brit. Col. The
language spoken by this tribe Is a
peculiar dialect of Kwakiutl, called
Heiltsuk from the native name of the
Bellabella. When voyagers first began
frequenting the N. Pacific Coast Mil-
bank Id, was often visited, and its in-
habitants were therefore among the first
to be modified by European contact." —
Hodge. See Olallie.
(C.) Cliiiiookau family of languages.
In 1841 the number of Chinook words
in the Jargon numbered 111; in 1863,
221; in 1894, 198, the number given in
this dictionary. The letters C.» E., P.,
N. and S. refer to the derivation of
words, and signify Cbiaook, Eng'lish,
French, Nootka, and Salish. See Chinook.
(C. 8e E.) Chinook and Engllsli. The
letters C. & E. refer to the derivation of
the word.
(Can. Fr.) Canadian French. The
Canadian voyag'eurB, as they are called,
were more closely in contact with the
Indians than any others of the foreign-
ers, from 1810 to 1855. See, bread, flour,
overcoat, hat, axe, pipe, mill, table, box,
head, mouth, tongue, teeth, neck, hand,
foot, run, sing, dance, etc. When the
Hudson's Bay Company removed from
Oregon and Washington these Canadians
also largely left, so ?l large share of
these words of French origin have been
dropped.
Cathlajnet. A Chinookan tribe form-
erly residing on the south bank of Co-
lumbia river, near its mouth, in Oregon.
They adjoined the Clatsop. As a dialect,
Cathlamet was spoken by a number of
Chinookan tribes on both sides of the
Columbia, extending up the river as far
as Rainier. It is regarded as belonging
to the upper Chinook division of the
family. — Hodge. See, Skwls-kwis.
Chihalis. ChehaliB. A collective name
for several Salishan tribes on Chehalis
river and its affluents, and on Grays
Harbor, Wash. By many writers fhey
are divided into Upper Chehalis, dwell-
ing above Satsop river, and the Lower
Chehalis, from that point down. This
dictionary gives 36 words of Chehalis
origin. See Elip, moosum, etc,
Chinook (from Tsinuk, their Chehalis
name). The Chinook were first de-
scribed by Lewis and Clark in 1805,
though they had been known to traders
for at least 12 years previously. From
their proximity to Astoria and their in-
timate relations with the early traders,
the Chinook soon became well known,
and their language formed the basis for
the widely spread Chinook Jargon.
Linguistically they were divided into
two groups: (1) Lower Chinook, com-
prising two slightly different dialects.
the Chinook proper, and the Clatsop;
(2) Upper Chinook, which included all
the rest of the tribes, though with nu-
merous slight dialectic differences. The
dialects of the Lower Chinook are now
practically extinct. Upper Chinook is
still spoken by considerable numbers.
See Cathlamet, Clatsop, Wasco.
Chippeway. Chippewa. One of the
largest tribes north of Mexico, whose
range was formerly along both shores
of Lake Huron and L. Superior, extend-
ing across Minnesota to Turtle Mts., N.
Dakota. See Tatoosh.
Clallam. A Salish tribe living on the
south side of Puget Sound, Wash., form-
erly extending from Port Discovery to
Hoko river, being bounded at each end
by the Cliimakum and Makah. Subse-
quently they occupied Chimakum terri-
tory and established a village at Port
Townsend. — Hodge. See Tolnks.
Clatsop. A Chinookan tribe. The
Clatsop is merely a dialect of the Chi-
nook. The language is now practically
extinct.
ClayooLuot. A Nootka tribe living on
Meares Id., and Torfino inlet; Clayoquot
Sd., Vancouver Id. See Cbako, kokshut,
kiimtnks.
ConJ. Conjunction. "Only two con-
junctions, properly speaking, are found
in the language, pe and spose." — Hale.
Cree. An important Algonquian tribe
of British America. The Cree are close-
ly related, linguistically and otherwise,
to the Chippewa. They were friendly
from their first intercourse with the
English and the French and the Hud-
son Bay Co. See lOitass, moosmoos,
siskiyoo.
Ez. Example.
(E.) English. "The words of English
origin numbered in 1841, 41; In 1863,
67, and- in 1904, 570. Many words of
French and Indian origin have been
dropped. The English words are used
both by Indians and whites when they
talk Chinook, and so have become a part
of the language." — Eells.
(P.) French. In 1841. 34 words of
French origin were in use, in 1863, 94
words, and in 1894, 153 words. For
words of French origin see letter Ii.
About thirty words are in use now. and
these will soon be dropped, as they are
seldom used, except by the old folks.
Interj. Interjection. Of these there
are sixteen words and two phrases.
(J) Jarg'on. Words marked J are con-
sidered to be the peculiar property of
the Jargon, as having been formed
either in imitation of sounds or by some
casual invention, — Hale, Seee Onoma.
Kalapnya. Ealapooian Family. A
group of tribes formerly occupying the
valley of Willamette river, N, W, Ore-
gon, and speaking a distinct stock Ian-
AND HOW TO USE IT.
XIII
guagre.
Klaokwat. See Cla7oq.not.
Kllkatat. Klikltat. A Shahaptian
tribe whose former seat was at the head
waters of the Cowlitz, Lewis, White
Salmon, and Klickitat rivers, north of
Columbia river, in Klickitat and Skama-
nia counties. Wash. Their eastern neigh-
bors were the Yakima, who speak a
closely related language, and on the
west they were met by various Salishan
and Chinookan tribes. They were en-
terprising traders, widely known as in-
termediaries between the Coast tribes
and those living east of the Cascade
range. The Topenish are probably their
nearest relatives. — Hodge. See Moos-
moos, ITawitka, Hoolhool.
Iiuminl. A Salish tribe on and inland
from Bellingham Bay, N. W. Wash.
The Lummi are now under the jurisdic-
tion of the Tulalip school superintend-
ent, Washington. See Xullag'lian.
Makali. The southernmost tribe of
the Wakashan stock, the only one within
the United States. They belong to the
Nootka branch. By treaty of Neah Bay,
Wash., Jan. 31, 1855, the Makah ceded
all their lands at the mouth of the
Strait of Juan.de Fuoa except the im-
mediate area including Cape Flattery.
The Ozette reservation was established
by order of April 12, 1893. — Hodge. See
Kloslie, Mahkook.
n. Noiiu. "There are far more nouns
in the language than there are words
in any other part of speech or even in
all the other parts combined." — Bells.
(W.) The letter IT. refers to the deri-
vation of the word, and signifies Nootka.
Nootkas, the conventional generic name
of all the tribes in Vancouver and oppo-
site coast, many of whom speak totally
different languages. — Keane.
(N. Sc E.) The letters N. & E. refer
to the derivation of the word, and sig-
nify Nootka and English.
ITisg,naIl7. "A Puget Sound (Colum-
bian) nation, with many sub-tribes
whose names end mostly in mlsli, and
will thus be recognized without requir-
ing to be indexed. — Keane.
Nlttinat. The Tokwaht, Nittinat and
Makah quoted in the dictionary are
dialects of the Nootka. (Ahts.) The
generic name of most of the tribes on
the west coast of Vancouver Island. All
speak dialects of the same language.
See klatawa, mahkook, mowitsh, peshak,
wawa, winaple.
Onoma. Onomatopoeia. Eight or ten
words were made by what grammarians
term onomatopoeia — that is, were
formed by a rude attempt to imitate
sound, and are therefore the sole and
original property of the Jargon. Con-
sidering Its mode of formation, one is
rather surprised that the number of
these words is not greater. — Hale. See
llplip, tlnttn, poo, tlktik, tumtvun, tum-
wata, mahsli, klak, etc.
prep. FrepoBltlon. There are nine
words and three phrases which are used
as prepositions. The principal words
are kopa sag'lialle, over; keekwulee, un-
der; and kunamokst, with; kopa Is, how-
ever, used more than all the others, as
it has a great variety of meanings,
which can only be known by the con-
nection, some of which are entirely op-
posite to each other.
pron. f Tonoun. The pronouns are ten
in number in the words and seven in
the phrases, nearly all the latter being
formed by the addition of self to the
personal pronouns, as mika self, etc.
Quaere u. d. Unknown or of unde-
termined derivation. Unmarked words
are of doubtful origin.
(S.) Salisli. "Salishan tribes held the
entire northwestern part of Washington,
including the whole of the Puget Sound
region, except only the Macaw territory
about Cape Flattery, and two insignifi-
cant spots, one near Port Townsend,
the other on the Pacific coast to the
south of Cape Flattery, which were
occupied by Chimakuan tribes. — ^Pilling.
Tokwaht, Merely a dialect of the
Nootka.
Twaua. A Puget Sound tribe, former-
ly Twana, but later known as Skoko-
mish; west side Hood's Canal to the
Olympics, from Skokomish river on the
south to Quilcene, near Port Townsend,
on the north.
V. Verb. Verbs come third in num-
ber in the words, being exceeded by
nouns and adjectives, and second in
phrases, and second in both combined.
The word mamook placed before vari-
ous other words forms 209 of these
phrases.
Wasco. A Sahaptin (Columbia) tribe,
between the Rocky Mountains and the
John Day river.
Yakama. The Yakima and Kliliitat
are dialects of one of the Sahaptin lan-
guages.
BIBIiIOGRAFHICAI^ ITOTES.
Allen.. Ten Years in Oregon. Ithaca,
1848; 1850; Thrilling adventures, N. Y.
1859.
Armstronsr. Oregon. Chicago, 1857.
Bancroft. The Native Races, vol. 3,
pp. 556-567-631-635. S. F., 1882.
Blanchet. Dictionary. McCormick,
Portland, 1856; 1862; 1868; 1873; 1878;
1879.
Boas. Chinook Jargon Songs. In Jl.
Am. Folk-lore, vol. 1, 18S8.
Boldnc. Mission de la Colombie. Que-
bec, 1843.
Buchanan. Elementary lessons in the
Chinook Jargon as used by the Indians
XIV
THE CHINOOK JARGON
of Puget Sound. (Mss.) Tulalip, 1900.
Cbamljerlam. Words of Algonkian or-
igin in the Chinook Jargon, in Science,
vol. 18, 1891.
Ctaarency. Review of Horatio Hale's
"International Idiom," in Le Huseon, vol.
10, 1891.
Cloug'li. On the existence of mixed
languages. London, 1876.
CoolE. A voyage to the Pacific Oceon,
vol. 2, lip. 335-336; vol. 3, pp. 540-546.
London, 1785.
Coomes. Dictionary. Seattle, 1891.
Cox. Adventures on the Columbia Riv-
er, vol. 2, p. 134. London, 1831. The Co-
lumbia River. London, 1833 (2 vols).
Adventures on the Columbia River. N.
Y., 1832.
Crane. The Chinook Jargon; a review
of Hale, in Brighton (England) Herald,
no. 4883, p. 4, July 12, 1890.
Seiners. Deflnitio Dogmatis Immac-
ulatae Conceptionis Beatissimae. (The
Dogma is first given in latin, followed by
the translation into the Chinook Jargon.)
Typis Joannis Mariae Shea, Neo Ebora-
censis, 1860. ,
Demers, Blanchet, and St. Onge. Dic-
tionary, Catechism, Prayers' and Hymns.
Montreal, 1871.
Dictionary of Indian Tongues . .
Tsimpsean, Hydah, and Chinook Jar-
gon. Victoria, 1862; 1865.
Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon.
(For the most part a reprint, with omis-
sions, of Gibbs-Pilling). Victoria, 1871;
1877; 1883; 1887; 1889, etc., to 1908.
Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon.
Olympia, 1873.
Dunn. History of the Oregon Terri-
tory. London, 1844; 1846.
Durieu. Bible History . . translat-
ed into the Chinook Jargon. Benziger,
N. T., Cincinnati, Chicago, and Kam-
loops, B. C, 1893.
Bells. Manuscript Dictionary of the
Chinook Jargon, 5 vols, folio. Note from
Eells' Introduction: "A number of dic-
tionaries have been published in the
Chinook Jargon language, and it may
seem superfluous to write another; still
thus far all of them are small and are
based on the language as it was forty or
fifty years ago. Gibbs' Dictionary was
for many years by far the best, and is
yet in many respects, as it gives the ori-
gin of nearly all the words and much
other valuable information, but it was
written nearly forty years ago. I have
used it very much in preparing this
work. Hale's Trade Language of Ore-
gon or Chinook Jargon is recent and is
excellent, especially in its Introductory
part; far better than any which preceded
it, but that excellent man and scholar
has labored under the disadvantage of
not having mingled much with those
who have used the language for
about fifty years, and so has been un-
able to note a great share of the changes
which have taken place. The dictiona-
ries of Gill, Hibben, Tate, Lowman and
Hanford and Good are all small; are in
as condensed form as possible, being in-
tended for pocket use for travellers,
traders and learners, and in this way
have done good work for what they were
intended. The two latter, however, only
have the Chinook English part. The
dictionary of Durieu is very meager,
while that of Demers and St. Onge is
out of print, and both are intended rath-
er more for use by the Catholics than
by the public." . . . "Having used it
(Jargon) for eighteen years, having
talked in it, sung in it, prayed and
preached in it, translated considerable
into it, and thought in it, I thought I
knew a little about the language, but
when I began to write this dictionary I
found that there was very much which
I did not know about it, but which I
wished to know in order to make this
dictionary as perfect as it should be.
This is especially so in regard to the
pronunciation of words which are not
used on Puget Sound, the introduction of
new words, and the marking of those
which are obsolete. In preparing these
pages, I have tried to note the follow-
ing items, — the different ways of spell-
ing each word with the authority for
each, the proper pronunciation, the ori-
gin, part of speech, meaning, the place
where it is used, if used at all, a sen-
tence or more to show the use of a large
share of the words, and the phrases
which are derived from a combination
of words, which answer to a single 'word
in English." — Skokomish, Union City,
March, 1893.
Eells. How Languages Grow, in Ad-
vance, March 25, and July 8, 1875, — re-
lates wholly to the Chinook Jargon. Chi-
cago, 1875. Hymns in the Chinook Jar-
gon, Portland, 1878; 1889. The Chinook
Jargon, in the Seattle Weekly Post-In-
telligencer, vol. 1, no. 52, p. 4, column 8,
Seattle, September 29, 1882. History of
Indian Missions, Philadelphia, 1882. Ten
Tears of Missionary Work. Boston, 1886.
The Twana, Chemakum, and Klallam In-
dians, in Smithsonian Institution, Annual
Rept. of the Board of Regents for 1887,
part 1, pp. 605-681. Washington, 1889.
Aboriginal geographic names In the state
of Washington, in American Anthropol-
ogist, vol. 5, pp. 27-35. Washington, 1892.
Gallatin. Hale's Indians of N. W.
America, in American Ethnological Soc.
Trans., vol 2. N. T., 1848.
Oatscbet. Indian languages of the
Pacific states and territories, in Maga-
zine of American Hist., vol. 1, pp. 145-
171. N. Y., 1877.
GiblJS. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col-
lections (161). A Dictionary of the Chi-
nook Jargon. Washington, 1863. N. T.,
AND HOW TO USB IT.
XV
Cramoisy press, 1863.
am. Dictionary, (ninth edition), Port-
land, 1882; 1884; 1887; 1889; 1891.
Good. Dictionary. Victoria, 1880.
Qreeu. Extracts from the report of an
exploring tour on the N. W. coast of
America in 1829. in the missionary Her-
ald, vol. 26, pp. 343-345. Boston, 1830.
Haines. The American Indian. Chi-
cago, 1888.
Hale. United States exploring expedi-
tion, vol. 6, Philadelphia, 1846. An In-
ternational Idiom. London, 1890.
Hazlitt. British Columbia and Van-
couver Island. London, 1858. The Great
Gold Fields of Cariboo. London, 1862,
Jewltt. A narrative of the adventures
and sufferings of John R. Jewitt, — (writ-
ten by Roland Alsop). Middletown, 1815.
Second edition, 1815. N. Y., 1816; Mid-
dletown, 1816; Middletown, 1820; Edin-
burgh, 1824; Ithaca, 1849. 1851. The
Captive of Nootka, by Peter Parley,
Philadelphia, 1861; 1869, and various oth-
er editions.
Latham. The natural history of the
varieties of man, London, 1850.
lee and Prost. Ten years in Oregon,
N. Y., 1844.
leJeune. Practical Chinook Jargon
vocabulary, Kamloops, 1886, 1892. Kam-
loops Wawa, a periodical in the Chinook
Jargon, 1891, etc. Chinook Primer, —
Chinook and Shorthand, 1892.
lelaud. The Chinook Jargon, in St.
James Gazette, vol. 17, no. 2529, p. 6,
London, July 13, 1888. An International
Idiom, a review of Hale, in the Saturday
Review, vol. 30, no. 1822, pp. 377-378,
London, Sept. 27, 1890.
Uonnet. Vocabulary, Washington,
1853.
Macdonald. British Columbia and Van-
couver's Island, London, 1862.
ISacfie. Vancouver Id. and B. C, Lon-
don, 1865.
Macleod. History of the Devotion to
the Blessed Virgin Mary in America, New
York, 1866.
Montg'onieTie and De Horsey. A Few
Words collected from the languages
spoken by the Indians in the neighbor-
hood of the Columbia River and Puget's
Sound, London, 1848.
' n'icoll. The Chinook language or Jar-
gon, in Popular Science Monthly, vol. 35,
pp. 257-261, N. Y., 1889.
IToxris. The Calumet of the Coteau,
Philadelphia, 1883.
Palmer, journal of Travels over the
Rocky Mountains, Cincinnati, 1847; 1850;
1851; 1852.
Parker. Journal of an exploring tour
beyond the Rocky Mountains . . in
the years 1835-'37, Ithaca, 1838; 1840;
1842; 1844; Auburn, 1846.
Phillips. Totem Tales, Chicago, sev-
eral editions.
Pilling'. Bibliography of the Chinook-
an Languages, including the Chinook
Jargon, Washington, 1893. Bibliography
of the Salishan Languages, Washington,
1893. Bibliography of the Wakashan
Languages, Washington, 1894.
Proscli. Dictionary of the Chinook,
Seattle, 1888.
Reade. Chinook versus. Greek, in
Montreal Gazette, vol. 119, no. 239, p. 4,
October 6, 1890.
Ross. Adventures of the First Settlers
on the Oregon or Columbia River, Lon-
don, 1849.
Scboolcraft. Indian Tribes of the
United States, vol. 5, pp. 548-551, Phila-
delphia, 1851-1857; Philadelphia, 1884, 2
vols.
Sconler. Observations on the Indigen-
ous tribes of the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, in Royal Geog. Soc. of London, Jour,
vol 11, pp. 215-251, London, 1841. On
the Indian Tribes Inhabiting the North-
west Coast of America, In Edinburgh
New Philosophical Jour., vol. 41, pp. 168-
192, Edinburgh, 1846. Reprinted in the
Ethnological Soc. of London Jour., vol.
1, pp. 228-252, Edinburgh, n. d.
Sproat. Scenes and Studies of Savage
Life, London, 1868.
Stuart. Montana as it is. New York,
1865.
Swan. The Northwest Coast; or. Three
Years' Residence In Washington Terri-
tory, New York, 1857; London, 1857.
Tate. Chinook, as spoken by the In-
dians of Washington Territory, British
Columbia and Alaska, Victoria, 1889.
Tylor. Primitive Cnlture, London,
1871; Boston, 1874; New York, 1874; 1877.
'Western Volapuk. A review of Hale,
in the Critic, vol. 14, pp. 201-202, N. Y.,
1890.
'Wilson. Prehistoric Man, vol. 2, pp.
429-432, London, 1862; London, 1865, pp.
586-588; London, 1876, vol. 2, pp. 334-338.
'Winthrop. The Canoe and the Sad-
dle, adventures among the northwestern
rivers and forests; and Isthmania, Bos-
ton, 1863 (various editions).
NOTES FROM G-IBBS' DICTIONARV.
"Parker's Journal," pp. 336-388, "Vo-
cabulary of the Chenook Language, as
spoken about Fort Vancouver.
Hale's Ethnography and Phlloloe'y of
the United States ExpVoxiag Expedition,
pp. 636-650. A vocabulary of the "Jar-
gon or Trade Language of Oregon," with
an essay thereon, and phrases. A par-
tial reprint of the above, in Transactions
of the American Ethnological Society, 2
vols., N. Y., 1845-1848. In vol. 2, pp. 62-70.
— under title of "Hale's Indians of
North West America."
Boldnc's "Mission de la Columbie."
The Lord's Prayer In Jargon, "et quel-
ques mots Tchinoucs et Sneomus." The
Snohomish is a tribe of Puget Sound.
The Chinook words are merely Jargon.
Palmer's Journal, pp. 147-152. "Words
XVI
THE CHINOOK JARGON
used In the Chinook Jargon."
Ross. Adventures of the First Set-
tlers on the Oregon or Columbia River.
Boss gives a "Chinook Vocabulary," pp.
342-348, and words of the "mixed dia-
lect," p. 349. His Chinook is, however,
also impure.
lee and Prost. "A short vocabulary
of the, Clatsop dialect." This is likewise
Jargon.
Schoolcraft. History, &c., of the In-
dian Tribes of the U. S. Lieut. G. F.
Emmons gives a brief "Klatsop Vocabu-
lary," In Part 3, pp. 223-224, which is of
the same character. Note 1, to article,
"Philosophy of Utterance," Part 5, pp.
548-551, a "vocabulary of the Chinook
Jargon."
Hounet. Vocabulary. Printed by the
Smithsonian Institution, for private dis-
tribution.
Swan. N. W. Coast, pp. 412-422. "A
vocabulary of the Chehalis and Chenook
or Jargon Languages, with the deriva-
tion of the words used in the latter."
Winthrop. The Canoe and the Saddle,
pp. 299-302. "A partial vocabulary of the
Chinook Jargon."
Sunn. History of the Oregon Terri-
tory. "A few specimens of the language
of the Millbank and Chinook tribes."
Chinook tribe; 50 words and phrases, in-
cluding digits. These words, as usual,
are in great part "Jargon," and belong to
the Nootkan, not to the Chinook."
NOTES FROM EEI^XiS' MANTTSCBIFT
DICTIONABV.
Farker "gives 103 words and phrases."
St. Onge "gives 787 Chinook words and
phrases with no English-Chinook part."
lee and ITost. "In the appendix are
50 words which the authors say are in
the Clatsop dialect, but which Gibbs says
are in the Jargon. I think some are
Clatsop, but some are undoubtedly Jar-
gon."
Dviun. "Thirty Chinook Jargon words
and expressions."
Swan. "In the appendix is quite a full
vocabulary, — 327 words. Judge Swan
lived on Shoalwater Bay, Wash., near
the Chehalis and Chinook Indians, and he
gives quite a number of words which
are given by no other writer, which he
says are of Chehalis origin. Gibbs re-
jects many of these, because he thinks
that Swan imperceptibly used them as
Chinook Jargon, but that they did not
properly belong to the language, but to
the Chehalis. I have inserted them as
being a part of the Jargon of that region
at that time, as certainly many English
words now In use on Puget Sound are a
part of the Jargon of this time and place.
The environment always affects the Ian-
Gibbs. "This was by far the best dic-
tionary at that time and will ever re-
main a standard authority on the lan-
guage of that time. In the Chinook-
English Part are 490 words, and in the
English-Chinook, 792."
Wtnthrop. "Two hundred and sixty-
one Chinook words. There is no Eng-
lish-Chinook part.
Hlbben. "The author's name is not
given, but it is believed to be Lionnet.
It gives very nearly the same words as
Gibbs in both parts."
Good. "It has no Chinook-English
part. In the English-Chinook he gives
825 words."
Durien. "431 Chinook Jargon words.
No English-Chinook part."
Tate. "It follows Gibbs very closely."
Hale. "473 Chinook Jargon words; 634
in the English-Chinook part."
GiU. "This with Its predecessors has
been the standard for Oregon for over
thirty years. It was first published by
S. J. McCormick, and its latest reviser
is ^ev. W. C. Chatten. In the Chinook-
English part are 560 words, and in the
English-Chinook, 1378."
Ooomes. [L. & H.] "It follows Gill
very closely in its Chinook-English part
and has no English Chinook part."
Boas. "Gives a short vocabulary of 75
words in the Journal of American Polk
Lore, pp. 225-226, obtained at Victoria,
B. C, and 24 words, obtained at Shoal-
water Bay, Wash. — in Science, March 4,
1892, p. 129. A few words are also given
by authority of Dr. W. C. McKay, late
of Pendleton, Oregon."
"A comparison of these dictionaries
shows Gibbs to be the most scientific and
thorough in all things except the spell-
ing. Hibben and Tate agree with it very
closely. Hale is a little more independ-
ent, but gives the best grammar and lit-
erature of all. Gill's is the fullest, and
is still more independent. Lowman and
Hanford's (Coomes) is almost exactly
like the Chinook-English part of Gill's.
St. Onge's is entirely independent of
all the others, and the most scientific in
the spelling: Durieu's is meagre, but
more nearly like St. Onge's than any oth-
er in regard to spelling. Good's is the
most modern, omitting many obsolete
words, and introducing many new ones,
but his spelling is at fault, as he often
spells the same words in different ways,
even three or four ways. The rest of the
dictionaries are local and small, but valu-
able because gathered so early."
THE CHINOOK JARGON
AND HOW TO USE IT.
A LEXICON
A
Alm'-kut-tle, or Ah'n-kut-te, adv. (C)
(Chinook.-ankuttl.) Pormerly; before
now; Ions' ago; ajiclently; o^o. (With
the accent prolonged on the first
syllable, a very long time ago; an-
ciently. The longer the first syllable Is
held, the longer the time expressed.)
Example: Hyas anlilcuttle, — a very long
time ago. Tenas alinkuttde, — a little
while ago. Kunjlli laly almkuttie? —
how long ago? Talitlum sun ahnkuttie,
— ten days ago. (Slah ahnkuttie, — very
ancient, — lit., far ago. A great deal is
expressed by the mere stress of the
voice; liyas — dwelling long on the last
syllable — means exceedingly great;
byak, very quick; liiyu, a great many;
temas, very small, &c.) Delate ahnkut-
tie, — very long ago. "In Chinook the
verb is absolutely inflexible, it never
changes its form for mood, tense or any-
thing else; these are always indicated
by the agglutination of a word indicat-
ing the mood, tense, etc. The idea of
tense is most simple and rudimentary,
that is, past, present and future; alm-
kuttie, altai alil." — Buchanan.
Note — "A Chinook word is elastic and
expresses a broad and general idea rath-
er than one altogether specific, hence the
extreme elasticity of the Chinook Jar-
gon. Specific ideas must be expressed by
qualifiers or modifiers added to the word,
as will be readily seen in practice. Each
word is a tool whose general uses and
whose specific uses must be mastered be-
fore successful work can be done or sat-
isfactory progress be made." — Buch-
anan. Ex.: Auhkuttle mama, — a grand-
mother. Almkuttie papa, — a grandfa-
ther; an ancestor; forefather; progen-
itor. Almkuttie tilliknms, — ancestors;
ancient people. Almkuttie tUUkums
klaska wawa, — traditions. Almkuttie
laly, — long ago.
"Time: Present, Past and Future. In
indicating time in the Chinook jargon
the verb does not change its form at all;
it is absolutely infiexible as far as
change of the word form is concerned,
and the idea of time is added tey adding
a word to indicate that — thus alki (by
and by), after awhile, in the future) to
indicate future time; ahncutty (in the
past, some time ago, a long time ago,
once upon a time) -to indicate past time;
and alta (now) to indicate present time
where it is important to emphasize the
fact that present time and only pres-
ent time is indicated. Ordinarily if the
time is omitted or not specified it is un-
derstood to be present time, naturally.
Intensity of meaning or duration of time
may also be indicated by prolongation
of the sounding of a word, thus: laly
(time) — la-a-a-aly (a long time). This
is based upon an instinctive principle
common to all tongues, Just as we in
English phonetically indicate prolonga-
tion of time or extension in space or In-
tensity of feeling by means of the into-
nation. So we say 'a long time' and 'a
lo-o-o-o-ng time." — Buchanan.
Note — "A thorongrli knowledge of a few
dozen words will give one sufficient ma-
terial with which, after actual practice,
to carry on ordinary conversations. In
practice the sentences are built up by
agglutination or association of words,
just as a child builds houses and various
other wonderful structures from its
blocks. In so doing there is always a
Note. The letters (C)., (E)., (P).,
(N). and (S). refer to the derivation of
words, and signify Chinook, Ensrlish,
French, Nootka, and Salish. Words
marked (J) are considered to be the pe-
culiar property of the Jargon, as hav-
ing been formed either in imitation of
sounds or by some casual invention.
Words marked (Quaere u. d.) are of
doubtful or undetermined origin. The
cognates follow in parenthesis, as, (C).
(Cliinook,-ankutti). A pronouncing vo-
cabulary immediately follows the list
of useful words. A supplemental vocab-
ulary of archaic or unusual words comes
next. Then follows the English-Chinook
part. (See Explanatory pQtes,}
THE CHINOOK JARGON
very wide sphere for the exercise of in-
genuity on the part of the speal^er, and
upon this, in- a measure, depends the
slcill with which he may handle Chinook
and convey his thoughts therein. The
Jargon is essentially a spoken and not a
written tongue — it is very mucli alive.
Spelling'. There are no hard and fast
rules for the spelling of words, and ev-
eryone in writing Chinook follows the
dictates of his own judgment in the
fabrication of phonetic equivalents,
which are at best only approximations."
— Buchanan.
"It may not at first be easy to com-
prehend how a language composed of so
few words, thus inartificially combined,
can be extensively used as the sole me-
dium of communication among many
thousand individuals. . . But it
is in the faculty of combining and com-
pounding its simple vocables — a power
which it doubtless derives, in some de-
gree, from its connection with thp In-
dian tongues — that the jargon has its
capacity for expression almost indefi-
nitely extended. Three or four hundred
words may be learned without difficulty
in a week or two, and a very short time
will make the learner familiar with
their ordinary use and construction. He
will then have no difficulty in under-
standing the numerous compounds
which, if they had been simple words,
would have cost him much additional la-
bour." — Hale.
Al'-kl, adv. (C). (diinook, alekh). In
tlie future; by -and by; after a wliile;
soon; presently; directly; in a little
wliile; hold on; not so fast. "The sign
of the future tense, shall or will. The
days of the week, and the number of
weeks, months and years are also used
to designate the tenses." — Eells. Ex.:
Nika kumtuks, — I understand. Nika
kumtuks alta, — I understand .now. Nika
knmtuks alinkuttie, — I understood; I
understood some time ago.
mka kumtuks alki, — I will under-
stand; I will understand by and by; I
will understand after a while. This
indicates the manner of indicating
tense, that is, indicating time. " — Bu-
chanan." September 25, 1851. While
looking around Low and Terry con-
cluded to locate a townsite, and with
that view made a joint location on Alki
Point. The Terrys being New Yorkers,
first named the place New York, but
afterwards changed it to Alki which all
old settlers know signifies "by and by."
"before long". — A. A. Denny. Tenas
alki, — in a little while. Alki nika klata-
■wa, — I will go presently. Iskum doUa,
alH nay, — to borrow.
Alki nesika klatawa kopa nika boat, —
soon we will go in my boat.
"In general the tense of the verb is
left to be inferred from the context.
When it is absolutely necessary to dis-
tinguish time, certain adverbs are em-
ployed: as cbee, alta, alki, alinknttie,
okoke-sun, tomolla, taUkie, ikt tablkie."
— Hale.
Al'-ta, or Al'tah, adv. (C). (Cliinook,
altakh). ITow, at tbe present time. Ex.:
Alta yaka cliako, — now he comes. Nika
skookum alta, — I am strong now, wake
alta, — not now.
AtB, n. (C). (Cliinook,-ats. Takima,-
atse). A sister; a yonug-er sister. In
the original, only when used by her
brother. Ex.: EMp ats, — an older sis
ter. Ats yaka man, — a brother-in-law.
Mama, or papa yaka ats, an aunt, (see
kahpho). "Sister is used on Puget
Sound. Sister yaka tenas klootclunan,
— a niece." — Boas. (The word Ats is
becoming obsolete.)
B
Boat, n. (Ene'lisb, idem). A boat, as
distinsrulslied from a cajioe; a skiff.
KEx.: Kopa boat, — aboard. Klabanie
kopa boat, — overboard.
Book, n. (Eng'lisli,-idem). A book;
volume; pocketbook. Example: Sagba-
lie Tyee yaka book, — The Bible. (Lit-
erally, — God, his book). Tenas book, —
a pamphlet. Book yaka mamook kum-
tuks nesika kopa illabee, — a geography.
Book yaka mamook kumtuks nesika
kopa kwunnnm, — an arithmetic. Book
yaka mamook kumtuks nesika kopa la-
lang', — a grammar. Book yaka mamook
kumtuks nesika kopa nesika, — a phy-
siology. Book ya£a mamook kumtuks
nesika kopa stone, — a geology.
Bos'-ton, n., adj. An American; Amer-
ican. A name derived from the hailing-
place of the first trading ships to the
Pacific. Example: .Boston illataie, — the
United States. Slika knmtuks Boston
wawa? — do you understand English?
Boston pile, — protestantism. Sitkum-
slwash-sitkum-Boston, — a half-breed.
By-by, adv. (E). By-and-by; after a
while; sometime hence. It means a
longer time in the future than alki, but
like that is used for shall or will as a
sign of future time. With the accent
on the first syllable, prolonged, it means
a very long time hence.
c
Ca-nim, n. (C). (Chluook.-Ekanim).
A canoe. .Ex.: Canim stick, — the cedar
or wood from which canoes are usually
made. Klatawa kopa canim, — to em-
bark.
AND HOW TO USB IT.
Ca-po', 11. (E). (Freaioli,-Capot). A
coat.
Cha'-ko, cbali'-ko, or clialico, v. (N).
Nootka, cIayog.not, — chako ; Tokwaht, —
tchokwa). To come; to approacli; to be
or become. "In this latter sense it
forms tlie passive voice in connection
witli many otlier words. Often it is
Joined with adjectives and nouns, and
forms other verbs. Yaka chako paht-
liun, he is drunlc; nika chako keekwulee,
— I am degraded; yaka chako stone, — it
is petrified. Perliaps mbre properly the
word in this connection to become, than
to be, at least it is often so, as in the
latter example the meaning would also
be, — to become stone; chako rotten, — is
to become rotten. Occasionally too the
passive voice is shown by placing the
word iskum before the main word, as,
yaka iskum kow, — he is arrested." —
Eells. Ex.: Nlka chako kopa Foteland,
— I came from Portland. Klosbe mlka
hyak chako, — good you come quick.
Chuck chako, — the tide is rising — (liter-
ally, is coming). Chuck chako pe klata-
wa, — the tirles. ^ Halo chako, — to linger.
Wake k\in]ih yaka chako halo, — Indel-
lible, — (literally, — never will it become
gone). Chako Boston, — to become an
American; often said of Indians who are
becoming civilized like white people.
Chako delate, — to become right, true, or
good. Chairo delate till, — to become ex-
hausted. Chako hyas turn turn, — to be-
come proud. Chako hnloima, — to vnry;
to become different. Chako kah nika
nanltch, — to appear. ChaJco kloshe tum-
tum, — to love; to reform; to become
friendly; to get a good heart. Chako
kloshe, — to get well; to become good.
Chako kunamokst, — to congregate; as-
semble; convene; meet; unite; Join.
Chako mlmolouse, — ^to die; to become
rotten; to become decayed (as potatoes
or vegetables). Chako pahtlum, — to be-
come drunk. Chako skookum, — to be-
come strong, esnecially after a sickness,
to show complete recovery. Chako sol-
leks. — to become an^ry; to quarre-l.
Chako pelton, — to become foolish; to be
cheated. Chako waum tumtum, — to be
earnest; to become excited. Chako
youtl tumtum, — to become glad; to be
glad. Chako polaklie, — to become dark;
night is coming. Chako oleman, — to be-
come old. Chako halo, — to be destroyed;
to disappear; to vanish; to be all gone.
Chako elip hlyn, — to exceed. Chako
kuY^amokst nika. — come with me.
Chee, adv., adj. (C). (Chlnook,-t'shi).
Irately; just now; new; fresh; orierinal;
recent. Example: Chee nika ko, — I
have Just arrived. Hyas chee, — entirely
new, very new. Chee chako, — a new
comer; Just arrived. Delate chee, — en-
tirely new. Klootchman yaka chee ma-
lieh, — a bride.
Chlk'-a-min, n., adj. (N). (Tokwaht,-
tslkamen;N'ootka, — sickaminny (Jewitt) ;
seekemalle, — (Cook). Iron; metal; met-
allic; steel; money; cash; mineral. Ex-
ample: T'kope chikamin, (white metal),
silver. Pil chikamin, or chikamin pU
(yellow metal), — gold or copper. Chika-
min lope, — wire; a chain. ITika hyas
tikegfh chikamin, — I very much wish
money. lUahee kah chikamin mitlite, —
mines.
Chik'-cbik, (Tsik'-tsik, or Tchik'-
tchlk), n. (J). By onoma. A wa?on;
a cart; a wheel; any wheeled vehicle.
Example: Tsiktsik -wayhut, — a wagon-
road. Nika chako kopa chikchik, — I
came in a wagon. Piah chlkcliik, — rail-
road cars. Kolo kopa chikchik, — to haul
in a wagon.
Chinook — •(Chinook Indians). These
Indians formerly lived near the mouth
of the Columbia river, where the Chi-
nook Jargon language was mainly de-
veloped in its formative period, and
hence more words were adopted into it
from that language than any other In-
dian language, and so its name was
given to the language. Properly speak-
ing the Chinook language means the old
Chinook, and the Chinook Jargon the
language described in this dictionary;
but the old Chinook is about obsolete,
and for the save of brevity, Chinook
wawa means in common conversation
the Chinook Jargon, while the proper
language of the Chinook tribe is called
the Old Chinook. The Chinook land and
Chinook Indians have, however, refer-
ence to the tribe as it formerly existed.
— Eells.
Chinook wind. The Chinook is always
a strong, steady southerly wind, never
from any other point of the compass,
unless it be slightly southwesterly. It
is distinctly npculiar to the Northwest
Pacific coast and its s.ource is far out in
the nasty storm center of the Pacific
ocean, emanating from the famed Japan
current, which is the source of the re-
markable humidity of the North Pacific
coast.
Chinook canim, — the large canoe used
on Puget Sound. Chinook illahee, — the
land of the Chinook Indians. Chinook
tlllikums, — the Chinook Indians. Chi-
nook wawa, — the Chirook language. Ex-
ample: Mika kumtuz Chinook wawa? Do
you understand the Chinook language?
Chitsh, n. (S). (Chehalis,-tshitsh). A
prrandmother. (Gibbs, Gill, Hibben, St.
Onge and Swan, give chope for grand-
father; but Hale and Tate give the
meaning as grandfather and chope as
grandmother. Eells says "I never heard
either word used on Puget Sound." Eells
gives the following: Ex.: Grandmother,
— mama yaka mam.a; grandmama; nitz.
Papa yaka wapa, — grandfather. Tenas
yaka tenas klootchman, — granddaughter.
Tenas yaka tenas man, — grandson. Te-
THE CHINOOK JARGON
nas yaka tenas, — grandchild.
Chope, n. (S). (Clillialis,-tshup). A
grandfatlier. (Hale says, a grand-
mother). See chitsh,
Cliack, n. (W). (ITootka.-Chauk (Cook);
Chahak, — fresh water ( Jewitt) ; CMnook,-
Tltsuk (Shortess); Clatsopj-Tl'chukw).
Water; a river or stream. Example:
Salt chuck, — the sea; skookum chuck, — ■
(powerful water), — a rapid; solleks
chuck, — a rough sea; chuck chahko or
kallpl, — the tide rises or falls; saghall
and keekwlllie chuck, — high and low
tide. Kah mltute chuck? — where is the
water? Muchamnck chuck, — to drink
water. Olo kopa chuck, — thirsty.
Cly, or kely, v. (B). To cry, lament j
mournmg', weeping'. Ex.: Cly tumtum,
— to cry in the heart; to feel sorry; to
repent; to mourn; to be full of grief or
emotion; "more deep in feeling than sick
tumtum." — Eells.
Cole, adj. (E). Cold; a year. Ex.:
Hyas cole, — very cold; freezing. Cole
illahee, — winter. Cole snass, — hail; snow.
Cole chuck, — ice; cold water. Cole sick,
— ague; a cold. Cole sick-waum sick, —
fever and ague. Ikt cole, — a year. Taht-
lum cole, — ten years. Ikt tnkamonuk
cole, — a century. Kah cole chako, —
north. Kah delate cole mitlite, — Arctic.
Coo'-ley, V. (E). (French, Courez, Imp.
of Courir). To run; go ahout; play;
walk; travel. Example: Cooley kiua-
tan, — a race-horse; yahka hyas kumtuka
cooley, — he can, i. e., knows how to run
well. Cultus cooley, — to saunter; ram-
ble; stroll. Hyak cooley, — to run; canter;
go fast. Kopet cooley, — to halt; to stop.
Mamook cooley kopa huloimai lalang*, —
1. e. — to make go in another language;
to interpret.
Co'-sho, n. (F). (French,-cochon), A
hog'; pork; pis'; swine; ham; bacon. Ex-
ample: Siwash cosho, — a seal; literally,
— Indian pig. Dly cosho, — bacon; ham.
KloochnLan cosho, — a sow. Tenas cosho,
— a pig. Cosho glease, — lard. Cosho itl-
willie, — pork.
Court, n. (E). A court. Ex.: Haul
kopa court, — to try in court. Hya,s court,
— supreme court. IVCamook court, — to
hold court. Tzum man kopa court, —
the clerk of the court. Tyee kopa court,
— a judge. liOlo kopa hyas court, — to
appeal. VTawa kopa court, — to testify;
testimony.
Cul'-tus, or Kul'tus, adj. (C.) (Chi-
nook.-Kaltas). vrorthless; erood for
nothiner; without purpose; abject, bar-
ren; bad; common; careless; defective;
dissolute; filthy; foul; futile; rude; im-
material; impertinent; impolite; no mat-
ter; shabby; slippery; unmeaningf; unto-
ward; useless; paltry; worn out. "A few
words," says Eells, "are very expressive,
meaning so much, and expressing that
meaning in so much better a way than
our English words do that they have
often been adopted into English in the
region where the Chinook is used. Of
these may be mentioned cultus, — good
for nothing, with also twenty-three other
meanings. Klosbe, with its forty-two
meanings; Kloshe nanitch, with its
eighteen meanings; TamaOmous, sorcery,
yet referring as a noun, adjective and
verb, to anything supernatural, or in
the spirit world between Satan on the
one hand and G-od on the other: Tumtum,
mind, with its fifteen meanings; and
wawa, talk, with its sixty-five mean-
ings." Example: Cultus man, — a
worthless fellow. Cultus potlatch, — a
present or free gift; a benefaction.
Cultes heehee, — a jest; merely laughing.
Cultus nannitsh, — to look around. Cultus
mitlite, — to sit idle; to do nothing. Cul-
tus klatawa, — to stroll. Cultus eena, — a
muskrat. Ques. What do you want?
Ans. Cultus, i. e., nothing. Cultus kopa
mika, — none of your business; nothing
to you. Cultus kopa uika, — I do not
care; nothing to me. Cultus potlatch
tumtum, — to give advice; to advise; to
counsel. Cultus wawa, — a joke> a jest;
nonsense; rumor; tattle; report. Delate
cultus, — no manner of use. "Cultus, —
idle, aimless, worthless; also bad, in the
sense of having no value, that Is being
useless." — Buchanan.
D
Se-laite', or Se-lett, adj., adv. (F).
(Prench,-droite). Straig'ht; direct; with-
out eciuivocation ; true; truly, exactly;
correct; exact; g-ennlne; iust; plain; pre-
cise; really; thoroug'h; sincerely; surely;
sincere; sure; accurate; verily; un-
doubted; authentic; certain; definite;
definitely; erect; v«ry; correctly. Ex-
ample: Klatawa delate, — go straight
Delate wawa, — tell the truth; a fact:
promise; true talk. Delate kwinnum
cole ahnkuttie, — just five years ago. De-
late nika sick tumtum, — I am very sorry.
Okoke delate, — it is right. Wake delate,
— not exactly right; imperfect. Wawa
delate, — to speak the truth; to speak
correctly. Delate hyas, — stupendous;
immense; enormous. Delate hyas kloshe,
— magnificent; majestic; very,, very
good. Delate kloshe, — perfect: pure, ex-
quisite; very good. Delate knmtuks, —
sure; to prove: to know certainly. De-
late pahtl, — brimfull; chockfull. Delate
sick tum turn, — grief; very sad. Delate
tenas sun, — dawn: daybreak. Delate
yaka illahee, — a native; native land. De-
late yaka kumtnks, — an expert. Delate
nika wuwa, — I am speaking the truth.
Diaub, Deaub, Dahblo, or 'STaub, — (the
devil) see I^ejanb.
D'ly, or De-ly, ad. (E). Dry; arid;
AND HOW TO USE IT.
diyuess. Example: Chahko dely, — to
become dry. Mamook dely, — to dry. • Dly
tupso, — hay.
Doo'-tiu, n. (E). A doctor; a physi-
cian; surgeon. Eells says, "It almost
universally refers to a white man, un-
less some word is connected with it to
qualify it." Example: Nilia tikegli doc-
tln, — I want the doctor. Slwash doctln,
— an Indian doctor or conjurer. Soctin
kopa letali or teeth, — a dentist. Soctin
kopa seabost, — an oculist.
Sol' -la, or Tahla, n. (E). A dollar;
money; cash; funds. Example: Chlka-
mln dolla, — silver; pil doUa, — gold; slt-
knm dolla, — half a dollar. Sella seahost,
(silver eyes), — spectacles. .Klone dolla,
— three dollars. Halo nika dolla, — I have
no money. Ipsoot potlatch dolla kopa
tyee, — to bribe. Eiyu dolla, — rich. Kil-
apie doUa, — to refund. Kunjih dolla, —
what price.
Sutchman, n. (English,-idem). (A
German; a Dutchman; almost any Euro-
pean except a Frenchman or Englishman.
— Eells.)
E'-lip, or El'-ip, adv. (S). (Chehalls,-
llip). Pirst; before; the superlative; be-
ginning'; prior; ahead; senior; elder; for-
mer; original. "The comparative is usu-
ally formed by prefixing the word elip
to the adjective, as kloshe, good; elip
kloshe, better; skookum, strong; elip
skookum, stronger; hiyu, many; elip hi-
yu, more; tenas, small; elip tenas, small-
er. The superlative is properly formed
by adding the words kopa konoway,
'than air to the comparative, as elip
kloshe kopa konoway, better than all,
i. e., the best." — Eells. "There is no
such thing in Chinook as comparison by
inflection of a word as is the case in
English (weak, weaker, weakest ,for ex-
ample). This is done by means of the
words elip or kimtah to indicate the com-
parative degree (the word itself always
indicating, as in English, the positive
degree). Delayt added to the compara-
tive form converts it into the superlative
from. Klosh, clip klosh, delayt elip
klosh. Klosh, kimtah klosh. Selayt kim-
tah klosh." — Buchanan. "Comparison is
expressed by a periphrasis. 'I am
stronger than thou,' would be wake mika
skookum kahkwa nika; lit., 'thou not
strong as I.' The superlative is indi-
cated by adverbs; as hyas oleman okook
canim, that canoe is the oldest, lit., 'very
old that canoe." — Hale. (A few other
ways of spelling the word elip; alip;
ilip; ellip; ilep; Hips.) Ex.: Blip hyas,—
larger; greater; major. Elip hyas kopa
konoway, — largest; greatest. Blip hiyu.
— more; majority; excess. Blip hiyu
kopa konoway, — most; maximum. Elip
keekwilee, — lower. Blip keekwUee kopa
konoway, — lowest. Elip kloshe, — better;
superior; more excellent. Elip kloshe
kopa konoway, — best; supreme. Blip
kloshe kopa okoke, — better than that.
Blip sitkum. sun, — forenoon. EUp tenas,
— first born; minor; less; younger. Elip
tenas kopa konoway, — least; youngest.
Elip saghalie, — higher; upper. Elip sag-
halie kopa konoway, — highest. Blip mes-
achie, — worse. Elip mesachie kopa kono-
way, — worst. Elip siah, — farther. Elip
siah kopa konoway, — farthest. Elip
tikegh, — to prefer; rather; choose. Elip
wawa, — a preface; a prophecy. Mika
klataiwa elip, nika klmta, — you go first, I
(will go) afterwards." — Eells. Ex.: "Blip
sitkum tintin, — before half an hour. Blip
sitkum sun, — before noon; forenoon.
Kimtah, — after; behind. Kimtah klosh,
— worse. Kimtah skookxun, — less strong;
not so strong. Selayt kimtah klosh, —
worst. Selayt kimtah skookum, — least
strong. Blip tahkum tintin, — before six
o'clock. Kimtah tahkum tintin, — after
six o'clock. Tahkum tintin, — six o'clock,
six hours. Wake siah tahkum tintin, —
almost six o'clock; not far away from
six o'clock." — Buchanan.
En'-a-tl, enetl, eenati, or inati, adv.,
prep. (C). (Chinook,-inatai). Across;
beyond; opposite to; on the other side
of. Ex.: ITika tikegh klatawa enati
kopa chuck, — I wish to go across the
water. Vaka mitlite enati kopa city, —
he lives opposite to the city.
G
Get-up, or Ket-op, v. (E). To get up;
rise; risen.
Glease, n. (B). Grease; fat or oil. Ex-
ample: Hiyu glease, — very fat; too-
toosh glease, — butter; glease piah, —
candle. See, also, Kakles.
H
Ha'h-lakl, v., adj. (C). (Chinook,-hal-
akl). Wide; open. Example: Mamook
hahlakl la pote, — open the door; chahko
hahlakl (as of the woods), to open out;
become less dense. Mamook hahlakl, — •
to open.
Hak'-at-shum., n. (E). A handker-
chief.
Ha'-lo, adj. (Quaere u. d. not Chinook).
ITot; none; absent; no; all gone; devoid;
vacant; without. Example: Ques. Halo
salmon mika? — have you no fish? Ans.
Halo, — none. Ques. Kah mika papa? —
THE CHINOOK JARGON
where Is your father? Ans. Salo, — he
is out. Halo wind, — breathless; dead.
Halo gflease, — lean. Halo ilctahs, — poor;
destitute; no goods. Halo mitlite, —
nothing remains; empty. Halo sealiost,
— (no eyes), blind. Halo doUa, — without
money. Vaka wind cliako halo, — to die;
he is dead, (literally, — his wind is all
gone). Eells says; "Generally a more
sure way of speaking of death than to
say 'yaka mimoluse," — he is dead; be-
cause the latter sometimes means sus-
pended animation; but the former never."
Halo cliako, — to linger; not to come.
Halo delate kumtuks, — to be in doubt; to
be obscure. Halo iuloima, — ultimate;
nothing different. Halo liyas maikook, —
cheap; not very dear. Halo Iktas, —
nothing. Halo kali, — nowhere. Halo
kumtuks, — to misunderstand; not to
know. Halo uika kwass kopa yaka, (lit-
erally, — I am not afraid of him, — he is
reliable). Halo nika tikeg^li, — I don't
want.
ITote: (Halo) A negative. It means
much the same as wake. Probably prop-
erly wake means no, and halo all gone,
but on Puget Sound halo is used for
no, the same as wake is in Oregon and
other localities. Custom uses halo in
some combinations and wake in others,
and both in some. On Puget Sound,
wake kloshe is proper. The indefinite
pronouns are kiuiauioxt, — both; halo,
— none; konoway, — all; hlyu, — much or
many; tenas, — few or little; huloima, —
other.
Haul, V. (E). (i:ii^lish,-idem). To
haiQ or pull; draw; bringr; dig-; pick;
drag; suhtract; tow; attract; extract.
Used with the active verb mamook; as.
mamook haul. Example ; Mamook haul
wapato, — to dig potatoes. Mamook haul
tenas man kopa school, — to bring the boy
to school. Skookum mamook liaul, —
must. Mamook haul yaka tumtum, — to
Induce him.
Hee'-hee, or he-he, n., adj., v. (J).
(By onoma., hihi). I^aughter; amuse-
ment; to laugh; fun; a g-ame; gay; gig-
gle; glee; mirth; humor; humorous;
levity; merry; to deride; ridicule; romp;
sport. Commonly when used as a verb
it is preceded by mamook (which see
below) but not always. Ex.: Mamook
heehee, — to laugh; play; amuse; deride;
mock; make fun; ridicule. Kahta mika
heehee? — why do you laugh? Cultus
heehee, — a joke; jest; laughter without
much cause for it; an innocent game.
Kloshe heehee, — a good game. Heehee
house, — a house for amusement: a play
house; a dance house. Heehee lemah, —
to gamble. Heehee tumtum, — jolly.
Wake heehee, — serious.
Help, v., n. (Engllsh,-idem). As a
verb it is commonly preceded by ma-
mook, but not always. Help; aid; as-
sistance; relief; to help; aid; assist; re-
lieve. Ex.: Mamook help, — to aid; as-
sist; relieve; enable. Potlatch help, —
console; help; accommodate; uphold.
Hias, — great. See Hyas. Hiyu, —
much. See Hyiu.
Hooehooe, — seeHuyhuy.
Hool-hool, n. (C). (Chinook,-Kholkhol;
Klikatat.-Khoilkhoil). A mouse. (Hyas
hoolhool (big mouse), a rat.) (The word
is obsolete now.)
House, n. (E). A house; home; resi-
dence; building'; cottage; den. Example:
Mahkook house, — a store; Boston house,
— an American-built house, as distin-
guished from a lodge. Mahkook house
(trading house), shop. Muckamuck
bouse, — a restaurant; tavern; hotel.
Skookum house, — a prison; jail; peni-
tentiary. Siwash house, — a lodge; an
Indian house. Sail house kopa- snass, —
an umbrella. Papeh house, — a post
office. Tyee kopa papeh house, — a post-
master.
Hul-lel, v. (C). (Chlnook,-idem). To
tremble; to shake. Used with the verb
mamook, as, — ^Mamook hullel, it be-
comes active.
Hul-o'-l-ma, n., adj. (C). (Chinook,-
S'hulloyiba). Other; another; different;
difference; averse; diverse; eccentric;
foreign; odd; separate; strang-e; queer;
unusual. Example: Huloima tilikum, —
a different tribe or people. Hyas huloi-
ma, — very different; mystery. Taka la-
lang' huloima kopa nesika lalang-, — his
language is different from our language.
Klatawa kopa huloima illahee, — to emi-
grate. Kopa huloima, — alibi. Huloima
tumtum, — dissent; a different mind.
Huloima wawa, — a different language; or
forign language; to mispronounce.
Hnmm, n., v., adj. (J). An invented
word. Bad odor; a stink or smell; to
stink; a bad smell; scent; stench; filthy;
putrid; an odor. Ex.: Humm opoots, —
(stinking tail) — a skunk. Taka humm,
— it smells, bad. Kloshe humm, — a
pleasant smell. Hyas humm, — dirty; a
very bad smell. Mamook humm, — to
scent; to smell.
Huy-huy, n., v. (J). (Canadian
Prench,-Hui-hui). A hargain or ex-
change; to harl^r or trade. Example:
Huyhuy la sell, — change the saddle.
Huyhuy tumtixm, — to change one's
mind. (Mr. Anderson says this is a
cant word of the Canadians, signifying
a hasty exchange.) Its origin has been
suggested in oui oui, yes yes. Example:
Nika tikegh huyhuy kiuitan, — I wish to
trade horses. Mamook huyhuy, — to
change; to trade. (Imp., change.) (Huy-
huy is also spelled, — hoehoe, hoeyhoey,
hooehoo, hooehooe, huihui, oihoi, huehu.)
Hy-ak', adv.. also used as imperative.
(C). (Chlnook,-Ai-ak). Swift; fast;
quickly; hurry; make haste; hasten;
prompt; sudden; suddenly; speed; quick;
quickly. Ex.: Hyak yaka chako, — he
AND HOW TO USE IT.
came quickly. Hyak diako, — Imp. come
quick. Halo or Wake hyak, — slow; mod-
erate; slowly. (Other ways of spelling
Hyak, — aiak; biack; hyack; hyuc; lake;
lyak.)
Sy-ai', adj., adv. (N). (Probably cor-
rupted from the following, — Hyiu.)
Iiarere; ^eat; very; the g'eneral term for
size; wide; bigr; arduous; vast; cele-
brated,. Example: Hyas tyee, — a great
chief. Hyas mahcook, — a great price;
dear. Hyas kloshe, — very good. Okoke
house yaka hyas, — that house is large.
Nlka hyas tikegli klatawa, — I very much
wish to go. Syas ahukuttie, — ancient;
anciently; a very long time ago; longer.
If a long, strong accent is placed on the
last syllable of hyas, and first of ahn-
kuttie. Hyas kloshe time, — a very good
time; a festival. Kunslh hyas, — how
large? what size? Hyas teuas, — very
small; very short. Hyas Sunday, —
Christmas; Fourth of July; Thanksglv-
ing-. (Other spellings: Alas; aiaz; halas;
hias; hlass.)
Hy-iu', or Hi-yu, ad]. (H). (Hootka,-
lyahish) — by Jewett. (Tokwaht.-aiya).
Jewett also gives hyo as the Nootka
word for ten. Much; m.aiiy; plenty;
enoug-h; abundance; plentiful; ample; a
pile; the sign of the plural; term of
quantity or multitude. Example: Hyiu
tilikum, — a crowd; many people. Hyiu
muckamuck, — plenty to eat. Tenas hyiu,
—several; some. Wake hyiu, — not
many or not much; a few; seldom.
Kopet hyiu, — enough. Hiyu times, — fre-
quently. Hiyu vrawa, — clamor; accla-
mation; excitement; to argue; talkative.
Hiyu tillikums kopa house, — an audi-
ence. (Other spellings: Hleu, halu,
hyoo, hyu, hyue, hyyu, hul ("Winthrop,
— probably misprint for hlu), alo, alu,
etc.)
Ik-poo'-ie, V. (C). (Chinook.-Ikhpui).
To shut; close; stop; cork; closed shut.
Ex.: Ikpoole la i)ote, — shut the door.
Blamook ikpoole, — to surround; to shut;
Ikpooie ktyolan, — deaf; a closed ear.
Ikt, or leht, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Ikht).
One; once; a unit. Used also as the in-
definite article, a or an. Ex.: Ikt man, —
a man. Ikt-lkt man, — some one or other:
here and there one. Ikt cole, — a year.
Ikt nlka klatawa kopa yahka house, —
I have been once to his house. Ikt
kwahta, — a quarter. Ikt tahlkle, — day
before yesterday. Ikt tukamonnk, — one
hundred. Ikt time Ikt moon, — monthly.
Ikt time kopa klone moon, — quarterly.
Kopet Ikt, — private; alone; singly; soli-
tary; only one.
Ik'-tah, or Ikta, pron. (C). (Ohlnook,-
Ikta). (Hale says, "same as kahta,
what; why.) What. "The interrogative
pronouns are klaska, — who? Kahta or
Iktah, — what? and Kunsih, — how many
or how much? The latter is also used
for when? — i. e., how much time, how
many days?" — Hale. Example: Iktah
okook? — What is that? Iktah mika tl-
keg-h? — What do you want? Iktah? —
Well, what now? Iktah mamook? —
What's the matter? Iktah mika ma-
mook? — ^What are you doing?
Ik'-tas, or Iktahs, n. (from preceding).
•Thiags; garments; dress; a thing; g'oods;
merchandise; clothing; utensils; bag-
g'ag'e; attire; fabric; occasionally the
singular Iktah is used, though not often.
The use of the same word for what and
for things, has been noticed in some
other languages of this coast. "A very
expressive word and often adopted into
English where the Chinook is used." —
Eells. Ex.: Kah mika Iktas, — where are
your things? Halo Ikta mitlite, — there
is nothing here. "Do not confuse Iktah,
meaning 'what,' with Iktahs, meaning
'goods,- chattels, possessions, merchan-
dise,' etc." — Buchanan. Nika hiyu iktas,
— I have plenty of goods.
ir-la-hee, lUihie, or Illahe, n. (C).
(Chinook, -ilahekh). i;and; country;
earth; soil; dirt; region; district; farm;
field; clay; shore; ranch. Example:
Okoke illahee yaka hyas kloshe, — this
land is very good. Boston illahee, — the
United States. Delate yaka illahee, — na-
tive land. King George illahee, — Eng-
land. Pasalooks Illahee, — France. Kono-
way akoke illahee, — the world. Kono-
way illahee konowah kah, — the universe.
Dutchman yaka illahee, — Germany; near-
ly any part of Europe except Prance
and England. Sag-halie Tyee yaka Illa-
hee, — Heaven. Siwash illahee, — an In-
dian reservation. Illahee wake siah
kopa chuck, — the coast. Kah mika illa-
hee? — where is your land? Where do
you live? Saghalie illahee, — Heaven.
Keekwulee illahee, — Hell.
In'-a-poo, or Ee'-ua-poo, n. (C). (Chl-
nook,-inapu). A louse. (Sopen inapoo,
— jump-louse; a flea.)
Inatl, — see Enatl.
Ip'-soot, or Ip-But, V. (C.) (CMnook,-
Alhupso). To hide one's self, or any-
thing'; to keep secret; to conceal; hide;
hid; sly; concealed. Example: Ipsoot
klatawa, — to steal off; slip away. Ip-
soot wawa, — to whisper.
Is'-ick, n. (C). Chlnook,-Isik.) A
paddle; an oar (occasionally). Exam-
ple: aiamopk islck, — to paddle. Islck
stick, — the aeh, or alder, maple, or the
elm; wood from which paddles are made.
Is'-kum, V. (C). Chinook,-idem. ) To
take hold of; hold; g-et; receive; accept;
secure; catch; recover; obtain; seize.
Example: Iskum okook lope, — hold on
THE CHINOOK JARGON
to that rope. Mika na iskam? — did you
get it? Iskiun piali sticic, — get some
firewood. Iskiun klootclutian, — to get
married. Isknm kumtnks, — to learn.
Iskum. kopa tiuutum, — to believe. Pot-
latch nlka, — give me. Iskum, — take it.
Kah mika iskum? — where did you get it?
Wlka iskum kopa stick, — I got it in the
woods.
It'-lo-kum, n. (C). (Chinook.-idem ) .
(I^ower ChelialisSi-Ihtlkum; Cliebalis,-
Setlokum). The g-ame of "hand," — a,
comm.011 am.usement; a mode of iram-
bllng'. Mamook itlokmu, — to gamble.
Itl'-wil-Iie, Ilwillie, or Itlwille, n. (C).
(Chinook, -Etlwili). Heat; flesh; muscle
(of a person or animal). Example:
Konaway uika itlwillie sick, — all my
flesh is sore. I^emooto yaka itlwillie, —
mutton. Moosmoos yaka itlwillie, — beef.
Mowitch yaka itlwillie, — venison. Tenas
moosmoos yaka itlwillie, — veal. . (Bee-
ahts (Indian); Bih-atts, — flesh) — Bu-
chanan.
Its'-woot, Itch-wood, or Itshoot, n.
(C). (Chinook,-eitshhut). A hear; a
black hear. Bxample: Itswoot paseesie,
• — thick, dark cloth or blankets.
K
Kah, adv. (C). (Chlnook,-kakh).
Where; whence; whither. Example: Kah
mika klatawa? — where are you going?
Halo kah, — nowhere. IConoway kah, —
everywhere. Kah cole chako, — North.
Kah sun chako, — Cast. Kah sun klata-
wa, — West. Kah sun mitlite kopa sit-
kum sun, — South. Kah yaka sick? —
where is he sick? what is the matter?
Kah mika mitlite? — where do you live?
Kah mika illahee? — where do you live?
where is your land? Kah mika chako, —
whence come you?
Kah'-kwa, adj. (»). (Nootka, Tok
wahtj-achko. ) I^lke; similar to; ecinal
with; as; so; thus; alike; because; hence;
inasmuch; such. Example: Kahkwa
nika tumtum, — so I think (literally, such
(is) my heart). Kahkwa tyee, — aristo-
cratic. Kahkwa hyas nika, — as large as
I. Halo kahkwa, — not like that; unlike.
Kahkwa spose, — as if. Kloshe kahkwa,
— that is right; (amen, good so); that
is good; that will do. Delate kahkwa, —
exactly the same. Kopet kahkwa, — that
is all. Yaka kahkwa, — alike. Eells says:
"(Kahkwa is often used with other
words, especially nouns, thus changing
them into adverbs, and occasionally ad-
jectives, as in the following phrases:
Kahkwa chlkamin, — metallic. Kahkwa
cole illahee, — wintry. Kahkwa chuck, —
fluid; liquid. Kahkwa tUlikum, — friend-
ly.)"
Kahp'-ho n. (C). (Clnook,-idem.) An
elder brother, sister, ox cousin.
Kah'-ta, adv. (C). Chinook,-Kata) .
How; why. Bxample: Kahta mika
mamook okook? — why do you do that?
Kahta mika chahko? — how did you come?
Kahta mika? — what is the matter with
you? how are you? Pe kahta? — and
why so? what for? Kahta kopa yaka? —
how is he?
Ka-li'-tan, n. (C). Chinook,-Tklaitan).
an arrow; shot; a bullet. Example:
Kalitan le sac, — a quiver; a shot-pouch.
"An arrow, originally, but when guns
were introduced the meaning changed to
shot, and bullet, and sometimes lead." —
Eells.
Ka-lak'-a-la, Kul-lak'-a-la, Kul'-la-knl'-
la, n. (C). (Chinook,-kalakala)- A bird;
fowl; insect; winif. (The accent some-
times being on the second, and some-
times on the flrst and third syllables. —
Eells. Note "The different ways in
which some words are spelled is a
curiosity, and simply show what educat-
ed men will do in this line when they
have no standard authority. Very sel-
dom is any word, even the simplest and
easy one, spelled in the same way, if it
is found in several dictionaries, while
some of them are spelled in very many
different ways."^ — Eells. Other ways of
spelling- kalakala: Culacula; kallakala;
kalahkalah; kilakila; knlaknla; kulluka-
la; cullacnlla; cullercnller; cullacnllah;
kullaknllie; kullnkuUie; kulakulla, etc.
An examination of many dictionaries
will show among other words, — klonas,
spelled in ten different ways; ahnknttie
and keewulee, each in twelve; klootch-
man and kliminawhlt, each in fifteen;
klatawa, seahost, and mimolnse, each in
sixteen; tahtlnm, kalakala, and kilapi,
each in eighteen; and kunjih in nineteen
different ways; lejaub is in twelve ways,
and ooakut in fourteen, but they show
a wide variety of sound, lejaub being
also dahblo, diaub, derb, lelom, and
yaub; and ooakut being hooihut, wayhut,
wehkut, and oyhut. Even words which
are derived from the English generally
have different spellings as soon as the
standard English authority is left, so
that g-lease from grease becomes g'leese,
fleece, g-lis, and klls; bed is also spelled
pet; moon is also mnn; nose is also nos;
stone is also ston; stocking' is also stock-
en, staken, and stoken; sun is also son;
Sunday is also sante; tea is also tl;
pehpah (paper) is also papeh, paper,
paypa, papah, and pepa, and peppah;
and wamx also is spelled waum, warn,
wahm, and wawm. Shot, skin, man, and
a few others have for almost a wonder
found no other way of being spelled.
There are three reasons for this differ-
ence which may be made when the same
sound of the letters is preserved, thus
AND HOW TO USE IT.
warn may be waum or wawnx and still
preserve the same sound of a. Again,
when any writer adopts a regular sched-
ule of sounds for each vowel, he will
surely differ in spelling from those who
attempt to follow as near as possible
the English mode of spelling. Boas,
St. Onge, and to a considerable degree
Durien have done this, hence tea be-
comes ti; pooUe, pnll, and so on. Still
farther different modes of pronunciation
in different localities, and sometimes in
the same locality, are the cause of dif-
ferent ways of spelling. Thig is espe-
cially seen in the words already referred
to, ooalcut, and lejanli; so kloshe becomes
tlnsli or tloos, and also a large number
beginning with kl begin with tl in an-
other place; tahUcle becomes talmlkie,
and so on. Sometimes indeed it is very
difficult to discover the true sound, as
for instance, whether the first syllable
of kalakala should be spelled with an
a or u, or the last one of tukamonuk
with an a or u, and so on. The mode of
pronunciation, and hence the mode of
spelling, has undoubtedly changed some-
what since Parker in 1835-6 wrote the
first vocabulary. Hence in comparing
the ways of spelling the reader ought to
remember the place where, the date
when, and the system of pronunciation,
especially of vowel sounds adopted by
each writer." — Sells.
"As will be seen, the orthography of the
Jargon is unsettled and capricious. Most
writers spell Indian and French words
'by the ear,' but use the ordinary English
spelling for the English words comprised
In the language, without regard to uni-
formity. .. .Some writers, however, re-
tain In the Jargon the 'digraph' frli) to
express, in some words of Chinook ori-
gin, the sound of the German guttural ch
in Bucli." — Hale. "As the Jargon is to
be spoken by Englishmen and French-
men, and by Indians of at least a dozen
tribes, so -as to be alike easy and intel-
ligible to all, it must admit no sound
which cannot be readily pronounced by
all. The numerous harsh Indian gut-
turals either disappear entirely, or are
softened to h and k, (see note above).
On the other hand, the a, f, g, r, v, z,
of the English and French become in
the mouth of a Chinook, t, p, k, 1, w, and
8. The English ], (dzh), is changed to
ch, (tsh). The French nasal n, is drop-
ped, or is retained without its nasal
sound. In writing the Indian words,
the gutturals are expressed by ffh (or
kh) and q, and the vowels have their
Italian sound." — Hale.
Kam'-ass, or ^a'-kam-ass, n. (Vf), Tlie
Scilla Escnienta, — a bulbous root used
for food by the Indians, sometimes called
Siwash onion. (Jewitt gives 'Chamass"
as the Nootka for fruit, also for sweet,
or pleasant to the taste.) (lacamass is
the name of a place in Clarke County,
Wash.) (A few other ways of spelling
kamass: .Camas, kamas, lakamaa, lak-
ammas, camaslif kaxnaas, lackaxnas.
"Cammassa esculenta, or la cammass,
(as the French call it)." — Swan.
Ka'm-ooks, n. <C). (Cliiuook,-Klka-
bokes). A (Log. Kalikwa kamooks, — like
a dog; beastly.
Kap-swal-la, or Kap-su-al-la, v. n.
(Quaere u. d.) To steal; rob; a theft.
£zaiiiple: Kapswalla klatawa, — to steal
away. Kapswalla iaam.ook, — to do se-
cretly. Wake kloshe mlka kapswalla, —
(not good you steal) Thou shalt not
steal. Halo ktuntuks kapswalla, or wake
kapswalla, — to be honest. "Eapshwala,
before wawa means to speak ill; with
tlatoa (klatawa) it means to run away;
with ULUsom, to commit adultery." — St.
Onge.
Ka't-suk, or Ko't-suk, n. (C). (CM-
nooki-idem). The middle or centre of
anything'.
Xau'-P7, n. (E). Coffee.
Kee'-kwu-lee, or Kee'-kwil-lie, prep.
(C). (Chiuook,-Kik'hwili). Iiow; below;
under; beneath; down; inward. Example:
Mamook keekwillle, — to lower. Uitlite
keekwillie, — to set down; put under. (Not
used in the sense of "down stream.")
Blip keekwulee, — lower. Ellp keekwulee
kopa konoway, — lowest. Klatawa keek-
wulee kopa chuck, — to dive- Mahsh keek-
wulee kopa illahee, — to bury.
Kil'-a-pi, or Kel'-a-pl, or Ka-Ia-pi, v.
(O). (Chinook,-Kelapai). To turn; re-
turn; overturn; upset; reverse; retreat;
capsize. Example: Kilapi canim, — to
upset a canoe. Hyak kilapi, — come back
quickly. Kilapi kopa house, — go back
to the house. Mika kilapi alta, — have
you returned now? Mamook kilapi, — to
bring, send, or carry back. Kilapi dolla,
— to pay; repay. Kilapi tumtum, — to
change one's mind. (A few ways of
spelling kilapi: Kelapie; keelapi; keela-
pie; keelapy; kilaple; kilapai; killapie;
kllapy; kilipie; killlpie; kyelapal; kilaps;
klips; etc.)
Kim'-ta, or Kim-tah, prep. (C). (Chi-
nook, -Kimta). Behind; after; after-
wards; last; since; hack; rear; subse-
quent; young'er. Example: Klatawa
kimtali, — go behind; to follow. Delate
kimta, — last. Nlka elip, pe yakka kim-
tah, — I first, and he afterwards. Okook
kimtah, — the one behind. Kimta ow, — a
younger brother. Kimtah nika nannitsh
mika, — since I saw you. Kimtah sitkum
sun, — afternoon. Kimta kloshe, — worse.
King- Chautsh, or King Gteorge, Kins'
Qawge, adj. (E). (Eng'lish.-King George).
Eng-lish. Kins chautshman, — an Eng-
lishman.
Kish-kish, v. (C). (Chinook,-idem). To
drive, as cattle or horses. Ex.: Mamook
kishkish, — to drive, or impel, but often
used as Imperitive, — as, -JTaka kishkish
10
THE CHINOOK JARGON
nllca, — he drove me away. lOaiuook IciBli-
kisli okoke moosmoos, — drive away that
ox.
Kiu'-a-tan, or Ktiltan, n. (C). (Clilnook,
-ikiuatan). A horse. Ex.: Klatawa
kopa kuitan, — to ride. Yaka hyas kloslie
kuitan? — Is that a very good horse?
Cooley kuitan, — a race horse. Stone kui-
tan, — a stallion.
Klah, adj., v. (C). (Clitnook,-Klakh).
Pree or clear from; in eig'ht; to escape.
Example: Chee yakka klab, — now he is
in sight. Klatawa klah, — to escape, as
a prisoner. Chahko klah (of seed), — to
come up; (of the woods), — to open out;
(of the weather), — to clear up. Mamook
klah, — to uncover. (Mr. Anderson gives
as the original meaning, — to open out or
appear.)
Xla'-ha-nie, or Klali-hanie, or Klasfh-
anie, adv. (C). (Chinook,-Klakhani). Out
of doors; out; without; outside; exterior.
Example: Mamook klahanie okook, — put
that out. Chako klahanie, — to emerge;
get out; to be delivered. Klatawa kla-
hanie, — to go out. Mahsh klahanie, — to
throw out; deliver; eject. Klahanie kopa
house, — out doors.
Kla-ho'w-ya, adv. (C). The ordinary
salutation at meetingr or parting. How
do you do? good evening; good day;
good morning; good-bye; as, Klahowya
Sikhs, — good day, friend. Kahta mika, —
how are you? Kah mika house? — where
is your house? Kah mika chako? —
whence come you? Kah mika klatawa?
— where are going? Mika na kumtuks
alki snass? — do you think it will rain?
Halo< — no. ITawitka, — yes. Klahowya, —
good-bye. Mahsie, — thanks.
Kla-ho'w-yum, adj., n. (C). (Chinook,-
Klahauia). Poor; miserahle; wretched;
compannion; distress. Example: Hyas
klahowyum. nika, — I am very poor. Ma-
mook klahowyum, — to take pity on; give
alms; be generous. Also to impoverish;
make poor, (the sense in which it is
used depends on tlie connection and cir-
cumstances). "The salutation above giv-
en probably originated in some whining
reply to the first whites, and a distinc-
tion has since arisen between tlie two
modes of spelling, which is, however,
purely arbitrary." — Gibbs. Eells says:
"Gibbs, Gill, Hibben, Tate, and Swan give
Klahowoya as the word for salutation,
and Klahowyum for poor, but I have
never been able to see any difference In
the Willamette Valley in 1S50 and after-
wards, we always used Klahowyum for
both, and I never heard Klahowya. On
Puget Sound for about twenty years we
have used Klahowya for both; and I
have seldom heard Klahowyum." (A few
other ways of spelling Klahowya and
Klahowyum: Clahoyma; klahaiyam; kla-
haiiam; klahowyah; klahowyou; klah-
ya; klahyam; klahyeam; klahyeyah;
thlacoca; tlaquaya; klahum; klahiyon, —
and so on in many other ways.)
Klah-wa, adv. (C). (Chinook.-kla-
wakh). Slow; slowly; tardy. Ex.: Klat-
wa klahwa, — go slowly. Yaka chako
klahwa, — he comes slowly.
Klak, adv. (C). (Chinook,-klakw).
Off; out; away; (to take) off.
Klak'-Bta, or Kluk'-sta, pron. (C).
(Chinook.-t'kluksta). Who; whose;
which; which one; any. Ex.: Klaksta
yahwa? — who is there? Halo klaksta, —
no one; none; not any; nobody. Klaksta
mamook okoke, — who made or did that?
Ikt man, klonas klaksta, — somebodj'.
Konoway klaksta, — everyone.
Klale, or T'klale, adj. (C). (Chinook,-
Tlehl). Black, or dark blue, or green;
brown; ignorant. Example: Okoke pasee-
sie yaka klale, — that blanket is black.
Klale nika tumtum, — my mind is igno-
rant. Sitkum-klale, — brown. Wake siah
klale, — purple. Klale chuck kopa ma-
mook tzum, — ink.
Klap, V. (C). (Chinook,-Klap). To
find; arrive. Example: Mika na klap
mika kiuatan? — did you find your horse?
Nika klap Seattle kopa polaklie, — I ar-
rived at Seattle at night. Klap tenas, —
to be with child. Klap tumtum, — to de-
cide; to recollect; remember. Klap wa-
wa, — to learn a language.
Klas'-ka, or Klus'-ka, pron. (C). (Chi-
nook,-Kluska.) Anything pertaining to
the third person, plural number; they;
thine; them; their; theirs. Example:
Klaska klatawa kopa Clallam illahee, —
they went to the Clallam land. Nika
nanitsh klaska, — I see them. . Okoke
klaska ilahee, — this is their land.
Klat'-a-wa, v. (N). (Nootka,-Klattur-
wah.) (Jewitt.) (ITittinat,-Klatoukh. )
To go; travel; attend; flow; mierrate;
start; tread; leave; begone; get. out; de-
part. Example: Klatawa teahwit, — to
walk; go on foot. Vaka klatawa kopa
Tacoma, — he went to Tacoma. Klatawa
kopa kiuatan, — to ride. Chee klatawa,
— to start. Klatawa kopa boat, — to sail;
to go in a boat. Mamook klatawa, — to
send. (A few of the numerous ways
of spelling Klatawa: Clatawah; clatta-
wah; claterwar; clatterwar; clattarwar;
clatawar; clatua; clatuwa; klatawah;
klatoa; klatwa; tlatoa; tlatowa; and
others.)
Klim-tn'-awhit, n., v. (C). (Chlnook,-
Kliminawhut.) A lie; to lie; falsehood;
untrue. Example: Hyas kumtuks
kliminawhit, — he is a great liar (liter-
ally, he knows well how to lie). Taka
kwanesum kliminawhit, — he always lies.
(Also spelled: Kliminacut; kUminwhit;
kliminkwhit ; klimlnawit ; klaminawit ;
klamiuawhit; clementikote; tlemena-
whit; tleminwhlt; klimluwit; and oth-
ers.)
Klim'-mln, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Tkle-
min-tklemin.) Soft; fine In substance;
not hard; fine; little. (The redupllca-
AND HOW TO USE IT.
11
tion denotes the diminutive, but in Jar-
gon it is generally used singly, j Ex-
ample: Klinuuln sapoleU, — flour. Chako
ilunmln, — to melt; become soft. Klim-
min lUaliie, — mud; marshy ground
Wake kUnuuin, or lialo kUnuuln, —hard.
Mamook klinunln, — to soften as by
dressing a skin.
KUp, adj. (C). (Chlnook.-Kelipe Chi-
hallSi-Kluptutl; ITisg.nall7,-Klep. ) Seep;
sunken; to sink. Example: KUp chuck,
— deep water. Klip sun, — sunset.
Klls'-kwiss, n. (C). (Clilnook,-idem. )
A mat, (made of the cattail rush.) Ex-
ample: Kliskwlss yaka kloshe kopa
bed, — the mat is good for a bed.
Klo-nas, adv. (C). Clunook,-idem.)
(Expression of uncertainty or doubt.)
Perhaps; I don't know; may be so; who
knows? it is doubtful; miglit; may-
Equivalent to the Spanish quien sabe.
"The potential mode is Indicated by the
word, klonas." — Eells. Example: Xlo-
nass nika klatawa, — perhaps I shall go.
Kah mika kahpho? — where is your
brother? Klouass,— -I don't know. IVIika
tumtum. hiyu snass okoke sun? — do you
think it will rain much today? Klonas,
— I do not know. Klonas yaka chako
tomoUo, — perhaps he will come tomor-
row. (Other ways of spelling Klonas:
Xlonass; clouas; clunas; kloneas; kloo-
naz; tlonas; 'Uilnnass, etc.)
Kloue, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Tklon. )
Three. (Other spellings: None; clone;
cloak; kloon; thlune; tlon, etc.)
Kloshe, or Klosh, adj., adv. (N).
(ITootka, Tokwaht,-klohtl; Makah,-klot-
elo, or klotello; Cloosh,-(Meares); Nls-
ciually,-klob. ) A very expressive word;
has 45 meanings.) Crood; well; well
euong'h; affable; amiable; apt; auspi-
cious; beautiful; beloved; beneficial; con-
venient; efficient; elegant; even; fair;
fine; fortunate; fragrant; gay; ^aceful;
hospitable; meek; intimate; kind; mild;
modest; m.oral; neat; nice; pleasant;
plain; please; practical; pretty; right;
reliable; safe; respectable; secure; still;
smooth; splendid; useful; uprig-ht; vir-
tuous; untarnished. Ex.: Kloshe nau-
nitsh, — look out; take care; guard; de-
fend; nurse; watch; provide. Delate hy-
as kloshe, — magnificent. Elip kloshe, —
better; superior. Hyas kloshe, — very
well; very good; grand; superb. Ellp
kloshe kopa konoway, — best; supreme.
mamook kloshe, — adorn; appease; ar-
range; behave; cure; fix; decorate; pre-
pare; repair. Mitlite kloshe tumtum, —
to congratulate; enjoy; be contented.
Wake kloshe, — unkind; not good; unfa-
vorable; wrong; nasty; naughty. Wake
kloshe kopa mahkook, — unsalable.
Kloshe kopa mahkook, — merchantable.
Kloshe kopa nika, — I am satisfied.
Kloshe kopa cultus potlatch, — generous;
good about giving; liberal. Kloshe ko-
pet, — be still. Kloshe mitlite, — hold on;
remain. Kloshe tumtum, — love; delight;
happy; favor; cordial; friendly. Kloshe
chako, — all right; corae on. Kloshe kah-
kwa, — well; enough; all right; amen.
Kloshe tumtum mlka chako, — an invita-
tion; a welcome. (Other ways of spell-
ing Kloshe: Close; closche; clouch;
klosche; klose; kloosh; tloos; tlosh;
tlosh;; cloosh, and others.)
Kloshe-spose, adv. (IT. and E.). (Noot-
ka,-klohtl; English,-suppose.) Shall or
may I; let me; good if. Example:
Kloshe-spose nika mamook pia okook? —
shall I cook that? (literally, (is it) good
that I may cook that?) .Kloshe-spose
nika klatawa? — shall I go?
Klootch-man, n. (N). (ITpotka and Tok-
waht,-Klutsma.) A woman; madam;
wife; mistress; a lady; a female of any
animal. Example: Kah mika klootch-
man? — where is your wife? .Tenas
klootchman, — a girl; virgin; maiden;
daughter; lass; used generally with ref-
erence to all girls and women who are
not married, and sometimes with refer-
ence to young married women. Klootch-
man kiuatan, — a mare. Tans yaka tenas
klootchman, — a granddaughter. Klootch-
man yaka ats, — a slster-ln-law. Klootch-
man yaka mama, — a mother-in-law.
Klootchman yaka ow, — a brother-in-law.
Klootchman yaka papa, — a father-in-
law. (A few other ways in which the
word is spelled: Cloocheman; clooche-
min; clootchman; cloaclunan; clotshe-
man; kloochman; kleutchman; tlatche-
mau; tluchmen; kloucbman, etc.)
Ko, V. (C), (Chinook,-idem.) To reach;
arrive at. Example: Chee klaska ko, —
they have just come. Eansih nesika ko
kopa Nisciually?— when shaH we reach
Nisqually? Tahlkie sun nika ko kopa
. Olympia, — yesterday I arrived at Olym-
pia.
Kok'-shut, V. (W). (Kootka,-Kakh-
shetl; Kloakwat,-Kwachitl.) (In the
original dead.) To break; broken; to
beat; hit; briilse; burst; cleave; hurt;
demolished; knock; rap; tear; torn;
kick; slap; shatter; split; bruised; a
break. Bells says: "Often mamook Is
used with it to make it an active verb;
and chako, a verb in the passive voice, —
but not always. Thus, — Nika kokshut
yaka, and Nika mamook kokshut yaka, —
I hit him, — would both be proper. So,
Nika kokshut, and Chako kokshut, — I am
hurt, would also both be proper." Ex-
ample: Hyas kokshut, — much broken.
Hyiu kokshut, — all broken to pieces.
Chako kokshut, — broken; split; bruised;
passive of kokshut. Mamook kokshut, —
to beat; bruise; see above kokshut.
Kon'-a-way, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Kan-
awe.) All; every; total; universal; ag-
gregate; entire; the sum; the whole. Ex-
ample: Klaska konaway klatawa, — they
hJvve all gone. Konaway tilikum, — ev-
erybody; mankind. Konaway ikta, —
12
THE CHINOOK JARGON
everything. Konaway kah, — every-
where. Konaway sun, — every day.
Ko'-pa, adv., prep., conj. (C). (CW-
nookj-idem ; formerly, Kwapa,-Hale. )
The principal preposition in the lan-
guage. At; according' to; arouna; about;
concerning'; to; into; with; tcnrards; of;
there; in that place; than; for; from;
on; during; through; instead of. Eells
says: "There are nine words and three
phrases which are used as prepositions.
The principal words are kopa saghalie,
over; keekvinilee, under; and kunamokst,
with; kopa is, however, used more than
all the others, as it has a great variety
of meanings, which can only be known
by the connection, some of which are
entirely opposite to each other, as, from
and to; for example, — yaka chako kopa
saghalie, means, he came from heaven;
but, — yaka klata-wa kopa saghalie,
means he went to heaven. Alta nika
potlatch wawa kopa mesika kopa okoke
papah, means, now I will talk to you
about this picture. 'STaka mitlite kopa
chuck, — he is on the water; yaka mitlite
kopa river, — he is at the river; yaka
klatawa kopa stick, — he has gone into
the woods; kopa ikt moon yaka mitlite
yukwa, — during one month he will stay
here; kopa yaka wa-wa John yaka mimo-
luse, — according to his story John is
dead. .Saghalie kopa mountain, — on top
of the mountain; Jesus yaka mimoluse
kopa nesika, — Christ died for or instead
of us. The word is also used as an ad-
verb and conjunction. Kopa is often
prefixed to a noun to show that it is in
the possessive case, as okoke kintan
kopa John, — this horse Is John's, — (lit-
erally — thi^ horse to John, — i. e., belongs
to John.") Ex.: 'STaka kajuooks mitlite
kopa, — his dogs are there. When thus
used as an adverb, the accent is on the '
last syllable which is prolonged. Nika
kiutan slip kloshe kopa yaka kiutan, —
my horse is better than his horse. Kopa
nika house, — at my house. I^olo okoke
kopa mlka, — take that home with you;
equivalent to the French chez vous. Cul-
tus kopa nika, — it is nothing to me.
Kah okoke lope? — where is that rope?
(motioning with the chin towards the
place) — Kopa. Kopa mika, — your; yours.
Kopa mesika, — your; yours. Kopa nika,
— my; mine. Kopa nesika, — ours. Kopa
klaska, — theirs. Kopa yaka, — his; her;
hers; its. Kopa bed, — abed; in bed. Kopa
boat, or ship, — aboard; on the boat or
ship. Kopa kiutan, — horseback; on the
horse. Kopa konoway, — common; for all.
Kopa huloim.a, — alibi; elsewhere.
Ko-p'et, v., adj. (C). (Chinook,-idem.)
To stop; leave olT; enough; only; alone;
forbear; quit; simply; submit; abdicate;
abrogate; cease; except. Ex.: Kopet t^a-
wa, — stop talking. Kopet hiyu, — enough.
Kloshe kopet, — be still. Kopet ikt, —
lonely; alone; only one. Kopet okoke, —
that's all. Kopet kumtuks, — to forget.
Kopet nika mitlite, — I alone remain.
Wake slab kopet, — nearly finished. Ma-
mook kopet, — to finish; fulfill; quench;
quell; stop; annul; complete; conclude;
check. Kopet 'tomoUa, — day after to-
morrow. Kopet cooley, — to halt. Kopet
kopa school, — to graduate. Konoway
klatawa kopet yaka, — all went except
him. Halo kopet, or wake yaka kopet, —
incomplete; unfinished. "Wawa kloshe
kopet, — to forbid. "Kopet, before things
which can be weighed or counted, must
be accompanied by, aiu (hiyu). Ex.:
Kopet aiu mitlait (mitlite), — there is
enough." — St. Onge.
Kow, V. (C). (Chlnook,-kaw-kaw.) To
tie; to fasten; to be fastened. Ex.: Kow
mika kiuatan, — tie your horse. Mika
mamook kow mika kiuatan? — have you
tied your horse? Nawitka, yaka kow, —
yes he is tied. Ikt kow, — a bundle; a
package; parcel; pack. IMCarsh kow, — un-
tie; unfasten; release; unbind. Mamook
kow, — to tie; hitch; arrest; shackle.
Kuitan — See Kiuatan.
Kull, adj. (C). {Cliinook,-K'hul-k'hul).
Hard in sn'bstanoe; difficult; tough; solid-
Example: Chabko kull, — to become hard.
Halo kull, or wake kull, — tender; soft;
easy. Mamook kull, — to harden ; to cause
to become hard. Hyas kull spose ma-
mook, — it is very hard to do so. Kull
stick, — oak or any hard wood.
Kul-lagh'-au, or Kullab, n. (S). (Chi-
halis.-Kullakh; liUmml.-Kullukhan). A
fence; a corral, or inclosure; pen, a rail.
Example: Kullagh stick, — fence rails.
(In the original, it meant the stockade
with which Indian houses are often sur-
rounded.) ITika tikes'h mamook ooahut
kah mika knllaghan mitlite, — I wish to
make a road where your fence is.
Kultus, see Cultus.
Kum'-'tuks, or kum'-tuz, v. n. (N).
(Nootka.-Kommetak; Tokwaht,-Kumi-
tuks; Clayoquot,-Kemitak). To know;
understand; be acquainted with; learn;
perceive; ascertain; recognize; Imagine;
believe; to be wise; kno-wing; knowledge;
wisdom; sense. Example: Nika kum-
tuks yaka, — I know him. Nika kumtuks
okoke, — I understand it. Yaka mitlite
hiyu kumtuks, — he has much knowledge.
Delate kumtuks, — to prove; to be sure;
to be expert. Halo delate kumtuks, — to
be in doubt; uncertain; obscurity. Halo
kumtuks, — to misunderstand; not to
know; unacquainted; unawares; unintel-
ligible. Halo kumtuks kopa okoke
mamook, — incompetent. Iskum kumtuks,
— to learn; to get knowledge. Kopet
kumtuks, — to forget. (Mamook kum-
tuks, — see mamook.) Tikegh kumtuks,
— to enquire; wish to know. Kumtuks
hiyu lalang, — a linguist. Kumtuks kopa
siwash, or 'tillikums, — ethnology. Kum-
tuks mamook, — skill; competent; prac-
AND HOW TO USE IT.
13
tlcal. Kumtuks papeh, — to read. Knm-
tuks wawa, — an orator; eloquent. ("Kum-
tux," name given to Edward Clayson,
Sr., editor Patriarch, by newspaper men)
"Cumtujc." (Other spellings: Comtak;
ctunetaz; cumtnx; kametaks; komtax;
komtokB ; kointaz, etc. )
Xun'-a-mokst, or Xun'-a-mozt, adj.
prep. (C). (Oliinooki-konaway mokst;
literally, all two). Both; together; with;
amid; among'; heside; besides, Example:
Kunamoxt kahkwa, — both alike. ITeslka
klatawa kuuamokst, — we will go togeth-
er. Nika mitlite kunamokst yaka, — I live
with him. Chako kunamokst, — to Join;
unite; meet; assemble; congregate; con-
vene Tmutum kunamokst, — to agree.
Wawa kunamokst, — to consult.
Kun'-jih, or knn'-sih, adv. (C). (Chi-
nook, -kunseukh). How many; when;
ever, Example: Xunsih tilikum mitlite?
— how many people are there? Kunsih
mika klatawa? — when do you go? Wake
kunsih, — never. Mamook kunsih, — to
count. Kunjih laley mika klatawa? —
how long before you will go? Kunjih
doUa, — what price? what cost? Kunjih
hyas, — how large? what size? Kunjih
laley, — how long? Kunjih siah, — how
far? distance. Kunjih tintin, — what
time? Kunjih hlyvi, — how much? Kunjih
mika chako? — when did you come? (This
word is spelled In many different ways,
as Cansu; kansih, kiassee, konse, konsick,
kuujie, kunjik, kunjnk, kunsjake, kunsig,
kunsic, konsiah, kunjih, kunji, etc.) —
Shaw.
Kwah'-ne-snm, or Kw'an-e-sum, adv.
(O). (Chinook.-Kwanisum; TTakima,-
Kwalisim.) Always; forever; eternal;
continual; everlasting'; perpetual; un-
ceasing. Example: Okoke steamer yaka
kwanesuiu klatawa, — that steamer is al-
ways going. Kahkwa kwanesum, — as
usual, Kwanesum mitlite, — permanent;
to keep.
Kwahtah, n. (E). The CLuarter of a
dollar. The quarter of any number is
usually expressed in Jargon by tenas
sitkum, — a small half.
Kwalst, or Kweest, adj. (C). (Chi-
nook,-Kwaitst.) Nine. Example: Taht-
lum pe kweest, — nineteen. (Eells says:
"(Western Wash.) — Though not much
used there for they generally either sav,
— kwinnum pe lakit, — 5 and 4, or ninp.")
Kweest tahtlum, — 90. Kweest tukamo-
nuk, — 900. Kweest thousand, — 9,000.
Kwaun, adj. (C). (Ohlnook,-Kwan-
kwan. ) Glad. (According to Mr. Ander-
son, it means a custom or habit. Mc-
Cormick says: "It is used by some in
this sense as tamed or broken, as of a
horse." Kwal is Nisqually for tame. (St.
Onge says it means tame; gentle; quiet;
meek.)
Kwass, n., adj., v. (O). (Chinook,-
idem.) Pear; to be afraid; tame; shy;
timid.
Kw'iu'-num, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Kwe-
nem. ) Eive. Example: Tahtlum pe
kwinnum,— fifteen. Kwinnum tahtlum,
— 50. Kwinnum tukamonuk, — 500.
Kwo-laun, Xwolan or Kwo-lah'-lie, n.
(S). (Chlhalis,-Kwolan; Nisqually ,-Kwi-
lani.) The ear. Example: Kumtuks
kopa kwolan, — to hear. Halo kwolann,
or, ikpooie kwolann, — deaf. "Kwolad, —
the ear. Kwuh-lah-dee, the Indian word
Xoulahdi Is more commonly used." — Bu-
chanan.
Iia-hoos, or Xiapush, n. (F). (Erench,-
La Bouche.) The mouth; m.outh of a
river. Moxt lahoos, — the forks of a
river. Kloshe kopa lapush, — to relish.
la-ca^set, n. (F). (French,-La Cas-
ette. ) A box, trunk, or chest.
I^a-clo-a, n. (F). (Frenoh,-La Croix.)
A Cross.
I>a-gome, n.. (F). (Prencli,-I>a Gomme.)
Fitch; glue. £a gomme stick, — light-
wood; the pitchpine.
Iia-hal, see Slahal.
la-hash', n. (F). (French,-La hache.)
An axe or hatchet.
Iiahb, n. (Prench,-Li'herbe). The Ar-
butus uva iirsi, the leaves of which are
used in smoking, alone or mixed with
tobacco.
JVa-kam-mas, see Kamass.
lak'it, or I^ok'-it, adj. (C). (Chlnook,-
Lakt.) Four; four times. I^akit taht-
lum., — forty. Tahtlum pe lakit, — four-
teen. Iiakit tukamonuk, — 400.
ta-lahm', or Iia-lum', n. (F). (Freuch,-
La rame.) An oar, lilamook lalahm, —
to row.
Iia-lang, n. (F). (French,-La langue.)
The tongue; a language; dialect; tribe.
Example: Nika lalang huloima kopa
yaka lalang, — my language is different
from his.
I^a'-ly, n. (C). (Chinook, -lele.) Time;
a long time. "Intensity of meaning or
duration of time may also be indicated
by prolongation of the sounding of a'
word, thus: laly (time), la-a-a-aly (a
long time. This is based upon an in-
stinctive principle common to all ton-
gues, just as we in English phonetically
indicate prolongation of time or exten-
sion in space or intensity of feeling by
means of the intonation." — Buchanan.
Ex.: Tenas laly or 'wake laly, — a short
time; an interval. Kunjih laly, — how
long. Tenas laly kimtah, — a little while
after. Tenas laly elip, — a little while
before. Kunjih laly mika mitlite yahk-
wa? — how long have you lived here?
la-messe, n. (F). (French,-idem.) The
ceremony of 'the mass. Ex.: Mamook
14
THE CHINOOK JARGON
lamesse, — to say mass.
I^a-mes-tln, or Ka-met-sin, n. (F).
(PrenoIi,-La medecine.) Medicine, (not
including' ma^ic); Arng; ointment; pana-
cea; pill; physic. Example: Halo mika
tikeg'li lametsin? — do you not want med-
icine? I^antetsin tupso, — an herb.
I^am' -mi-ell, iLommieli or Iiam-mi-i, n.
(P). (Frenchi-La vieille. ) An old wom-
an. Example: Eopet ikt lummleli mit-
lite, — only one old woman remains.
Iia-mon-ti, or I^a-mo-ti, n. (I*).
(Frencli,-La montalgne). A mountain.
1,3, pea or I^e pee, (see leepee.)
la-peep', n. (P). (Prencli,-Ija pipe.)
A tobacco-pipe. Lapeep kuUakala (lit-
erally, the "pipe-bird"), the band-tailed
eag'le, as its feathers were used to or-
nament the pipe stems.
I^a-pel-Iah', v. (Quaere if from the
French,-Le foyer.) Mamook lapellah,—
to roast before the Are.
I^-plas'h, n. (F). (Prench,-La
plan Che.) A board; lumber; plank. Ex-
ample: Kali mika isknm okoke laplash,
— where did you get that lumber? Cultus
laplash, — slabs; refuse lumber. Iiaplasta
man, — a carpenter; a builder.
lia-pome, n. (F). (French,-La pomme.)
An apple. (The word apple is now used
on Puget Sound.)
Iia-pote, n. (P). (French,-La porte.)
A door.
I^-push, see labooe.
la-tet', n. (P). (Pronounce as though
"lah-tayt.") (Prench,-La tete.) The
head; poll; brains; intellect; sense. Ex-
ample: Pil latet, — red-headed. Nika
sick kopa nika latet, — I am sick in mv
head. Halo latet, — stupid. Huloima la-
tet, — delirious. Kopa latet, — mental.
Tupso kopa latet,— hair.
ImClw, n. (Englishj-idem ) . A law; com-
mand; decree; rule; mandate; statutes.
Ex.: Taka kumtuks Boston law, — he
understands American law. Delate kopa
law, — legal, legitimate, or kloshe kopa
law. 'Wake kloshe kopa law, — illegal;
illegitimate.
la-wen', n. (F). (Prench,-L.'avoine.)
Oats.
£e-bal', n. (P). (Prench,-idem.) A ball;
bullet. Tenas lebal,— shot.
le-jaub, n. (F). (Prenoh.-Diable.) The
devil; satan; a demon. Example; Spose
mika mamook mesactaie, lejaub isknm
mika, — if you do wrong, the devil will
get you. I^ejaub yaVa lllahee, — hell.
(Other spellings: Dahblo; diaub; deaub;
derb; lelom; leiop; lejob; yaub; lejaum;
deob.)
Le-kleh', n. (P). (Preuch,-Le clef.) A
key. Exaanple: Mamook le kleh, — lock
the door. Mahsh lekleh, — to unlock, or
mamook halo lekleh.
le'-mah, or I^eh'ma, n. (F). (Prench,-
La main.) The hand; the arm; thumb;
lingers; sleeve; handle; limb or knot of
a tree. (Differentiate by gesture.) Ex-
ample: Kloshe lemah, — the right (liter-
ally, the good hand). Fotlatch lemah, —
shake hands. Iskum kopa yaka lemah,
— to get in his hand or arm; to hug.
le-'mel, n. (F). (£e mool, on Puget
Sound.) (Prenchj-Le mulet.) A mule.
Iie-mo'-lo, n., adj. (Fr. Canadian,- Le
moron; undoubtedly a corruption of
Marron, a runaway negro. It applies to
men as well as animals, as, for instance,
to the tribes which have had no inter-
course with the settlements. Eells says
it is becoming obsolete, as the word wild
is taking its place.) Wild; untamed;
skittish; uncivilized. Halo lemolo, —
tame.
Iie-moo'-to, or ]Lam-mu'-to, n. (P).
(Prench,-Les moutons. ) Sheep. The
word sheep is rapidlv taking its place.)
— Bells.
lie-pee, n. (F). (Prench,-Le pied.) The
feet; a foot; leg'; thlgrh; foot print; track;
paw; (luh-pee-ay, — differentiate by ges-
ture.) — Buchanan. Example: 'Z'aka la-
pea yaka kokshut, — his leg is broken.
Kah lapea mltlite, — a footstep. Klata-
wa kopa lapea, — to walk. Tzum kah le-
pea mitlite, — footstep; track.
Le-p'let, n. (P). (Prenoh,-Le pretre.)
A priest; minister; clergryman; parson.
Example: '2'ahwa klatawa nesika leplet,
— there goes our minister. (St. (5nge
gives: lesepek, — bishop. lesapot, —
apostle. Ka-tolik, — Catholic. Sesu Kli, —
Jesus Christ. Faska, — Easter. Olo time,
— Lent. Komenio, — communion. Kopil-
masio, — confirmation. liapatkot, — pente-
cost. Eklis, — church. Ekstlem oksio, —
extreme: unction.)
le-sak', n. (F). (Prench,-Le sac.) A
ba<r; a pocket; a sack.
Le-whet, n. (P). (On Puget Sound, la
whi'p.) (French,-La fouet.) A whip.
Mamook lewhet, to whip.
liice, n. (Ens'llBh,-rice.) Rice. Ex.:
Mika tikeg'h lice? — do you wish for rice?
Hp'-lip, V. (by onoma. — Hale). To
boil. Ex.: Okoke lice yaka llplip alta,—
the rice is boiling now. Mamook liplip,
— to make, or cause to boil.
liver, n. (E). A river. Example:
'S'aka mitlite kopa liver, — he is living at
the river.
lockit, lakit, or iKJkit, — see lakit.
I.o'-lo, V. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) (Or-
iginally, to carry a child on the back.
In Jargon, used in a more extended
sense.) To carry; to load; to bear;
bringr; fetch; remove; transfer; convey;
lu?; pack; renew. Example: Mamook
lolo kopa canim, — to load into a canoe.
Kloshe mika lolo okoke Iktas, — good you
carry these things. Man yaka kumtuks
lolo, — a carrier.
lowullo, lolo, or lohlo, adi. (C). (Chi-
nook, -Lowullo.) Round; whole; the en-
tire of anything. Iio-wullo sapeleel, —
whole wheat. Mamook lowullo,— to roll
up (Shaw). (Not in general use.)
AND HOW TO USB IT.
15
I^ope, n. (E). (Eng'Usli.-Rope.) A
rope. Teuas lope, — a cord. Skin lope, —
a raw hide, riata, or thong.
lum, n. (E). (Eng'Usli.-Rum.) Spirits
of any sort; rum; whiskey.
M
Mah'kook, v., n. (Wootka,-Makuk; Nit-
tinat and TokwaJit,-ldem ; Makah,-Bak-
watl.) To Ijuy or sell; trade or ex-
chautre; a bargain; purchase. ("As their
buying and selling was merely barter,
the same word always answered both
operations." — Gibbs.) Eells says: "Gibbs
gives it as a noun, a bargain, but it is
not so used now. He also gives it as
to sell, trade, or exchange, but mabsh
is now used, to sell, and huyhuy to
trade and exchange." .Ex.: Eyas mah-
kook, — dear; very dear( in price). Wake
hyas mahkook, ortenas mahkook, — cheap.
Kah mika mahkook okoke iktahs? —
where did you buy the goods? mahkook
man, — merchant; ..trader; ..salesman;
storekeeper. mahkook house, — a trad-
ing-house or a store. ITika tikegh mah-
kook iktahs, — I wish to buy some things.
(Other spellings: Mahcook; makook;
makonke; makuk; markoke; markook.)
Mahsh, V. (P). (rrench,-Marcher. ) To
leave; to turn out; to throw away; sell;
accLuit; banish; cast; dash; desert; dis-
patch; dismiss; distribute; detach; drop;
apply; expel; to part with; remove; ex-
terminate; extinguish; fling; forsake;
get rid of; heave; hurl; lay down; omit;
insert; pour; put; reject; releasei; relin-
quish; remit; send; remove; sling; sow;
spill; spend; thrust; toss; transmit. Ex-
ample: llahsh chuck kopa boat, — bail
the boat out. Nika mahsh nika kuitan,
— I have sold my horse. Cnltus mahsh,
^to waste. Halo mahsh, — to hold.
Iffahsh okoke salmon, — throw away that
fish. Tenas mahsh, — to move. Mahsh
konoway yaka wind, — to die; expire.
Mahsh mika capo, — take off your coat.
Mahsh klahanie, — to exclude; eject; de-
liver; evict; turn out; export. Mahsh!
(to a dog), — get out! Mahsh keekwulee,
— to inject; sink; lower; enclose; throw
down; put inside. Mahsh tenas, — to Iiave
a child; to be delivered. Mahsh kunam-
okst, — to mingle; to mix; to add. Yakka
mahsh tum-tum kopa nika, — he has
given me his orders, or tolti me his
wishes. Mahsh kopa illahee, — to bury.
Mahsh kow, — to untie. Mahsh stone, —
to castrate. Mahsh lametsin kopa lemah
yaka kloshe kopa small pox, — to vac-
cinate. Mahsh mesachie, — to go to stool.
Mah-sie, v. (P). {Prench,-Mercie.)
Thank you; thanks; thankful. (Bells
."ays also to pray.) Example: Kloshe
nesika mahsie kopa Saghalie Tyee, — let
us pray to God. Wawa mahsie, — to give
thanks; to praise. Mahsie kopa Sagha-
lie Tyee, — the Doxology.
Maht'-lin-nie, adv. (C). (Chinook,-
Matlini.) Off shore; out at sea. (in
boating), — keep off! (If on land),— to-
wards tlie water.
Mah'twil-lle, adv. (O). (Chlnook,-
Mathwili.) In shore; shoreward. (As
a command), — keep in. (On land), — to-
w.ards the woods, or the interior.
Mal-i-eh, v., n. (P). (Prench.-Marier.)
To marry; to get married; marriage;
matrimony. Example: Vaka malleh al-
ta? — is he married now? Alta nika kla-
tawa kopa malieh, — now I am going to
the marriage. Elip kopa malieh, — ante
nuptial. Man yaka chee malieh, a
bridegroom. Xlootchman yaka chee ma-
lieh, — a bride. Halo malieh, — a bene-
dict. Maraook cut kopa malieh, or, kok-
shut malieh, — a divorce; to be divorced;
to get a divorce.
Ma -ma, n. (E). (English,-Mamma.) A
mother; a mama. Example: Halo ma-
ma, — motherless. Kahkwa mama, —
motherly; maternal. Fapa pe mama, —
parents. Halo papa pe mama,— orphans.
Mama yaka ats, — an aunt. Mama yaka
mama, — a grandmother. Mama yaka ow,
— an uncle.
Mam'-ook, n., v. (N). (Wootka.-mam-
uk.) To make; to do; to work; labor;
exertion; exercise; act; action; deed;
work; enact; appoint; accomplish; make;
manage; operate; practice; resolve;
serve; use; toil; a job; task; achieve,
the one word denoting action. "The
most useful of all Chinook words, as it
is prefixed to many nouns, verbs and
adjectives and makes them active verbs;
hence, more than any other word it is
the sign of the active voice," — Eells.
"On Puget Sound it is probably the
most common word in use. I have given
209 phrases which begin with it, which
answer to a single English word," Dr.
Boas says, however, it has acquired an
obscene meaning and is no longer in use
on the Columbia river. "Used generally
as a causative verb, as ,mamook cbako
(make to come) bring; mamook liplip,
make to boil," — Hale. Ex.: Ikta mika
mamook? — what are you doing? Mamook
elip, — to begin; commence. Mamook
halo, — to demolish; destroy; erase; ruin:
efface; evacuate; overthrow; repeal.
Mamook haul, — to haul; subtract; ex-
tract; pull; pull off; pick (as apples);
dig (as potatoes). Mamook huyhuy, —
to change; trade; exchange, Mamook
kloshe, — to make good; shine; trim;
heal: pacify; remedy; repair; prepare;
please: sure; to make safe; sure; or
useful, Mamook tumtnm, — to think;
reason; meditate; reckon; ponder; re-
view; muse; decide; determine; sur-
mise: plan: account; appraise; elect; be
amazed: estimate; decide; deduce; de-
16
THE CHINOOK JARGON
sign; contemplate; consider. Slanioolc
tzum, — to write; record, subscribe;
mark; copy; dye; engrave; enroll;
enumerate. Mamook alkl; mamoolc by-
by, — to defer; delay. Mamoolc cbako, —
to bring; make to come; fetch. Mamook
cvQtus, — to spoil. Mamook delate, — to
confirm; straighten; make right; cor-
rect. Mamook kalikwa, — to imitate; as-
similate; mimic. Mamook kllaple, — to
twist; unwind; withdraw; turn over Cas
a canoe) ; bring or send back. Mamook
kopet, — to stop; check; complete; finish;
conclude; deter; quell; quench; annul;
prohibit; restrict; extinguish; extermi-
nate; abolish; debar. Mamook kow, — to
tie; wrap; hitch; clasp; shackle; strap;
confine: detain; fasten: capture; arrest;
envelop. Mamook ktuntuks, — to teach;
show: explain; acquaint: describe; dis-
close; edify; educate; illustrate: in-
form; instruct; reveal; introduce; pub-
lish. Mamook kunjili; mamook kwuu-
num^ — to count; enumerate. Mamook
sick tiuutum, — to afflict; ill treat; hurt
one's feelings. Mamook skookum, — to
strengthen;; invigorate; strive; uphold.
Mamook skookum tumtum, — to encour-
age; to make brave. Mamook skookum
haul, — must. Cliee mamook, — the begin-
ning; new work. Cultus mamook, — mis-
chief; poor work. Delate kumtuks ma-
mook, — practical; knowing how to work.
Halo delate mam.ook, — to pretend; not
right work. Kumtuks mamook, — skill;
to know how to work. Kwanesum ma-
mook, — to persevere; persist; endure; be
diligent; be industrious; always at work.
Fotlatch mamook, — to hire; employ; give
work. Tikeg'li mamook, — to endeavor;
to wish for work.
Man, n. (E). (Enfflishj-idem.) A man;
the male of any animal; a husband.
Example: Man moolock, — a buck elk.
Tenas man, — a young man or boy. Nika
man, — my husband. Sister yaka tenas
man, — a nephew. Tam'ahnons man, — a
conjurer; an Indian doctor; a sorcerer.
Man kloshe kopa yaka lepush pe klale
kopa yaka tumtum, — a hypocrite. Man
yalra mamook cooley steamer, — a pilot.
Mel'-ass, n. (P). (French.-Melasse.)
Molasses. ("Not much used, as silup
(syrup) has largely taken its place." —
Eells.)
Mem'-a-loost, or MIm'-a-loos, v., n..
adj. (C). (Chinook.-Memalust.) To die;
dead; to expire; decay; become rotten.
Ex.: Chako mlmaloos, — to decay; be-
come rotten. Mamook memaloost, — to
kill; assassinate; execute; murder. Ml-
maloose kopa chuck, — to drown. Mima-
loose Ulahee, — a grave; graveyard;
tomb.
Me-sah-ohie, adj., n. (C). (Chluook,-
Masachi.) Bad; wicked; evil; vile; sin;
bitter; cruel; depravity; dissolute; dung-;
fllthv; Immodest; nasty; obscene; vice;
insolence; imworthy; unruly; Iniquity;
unrlg-hteous; nanglity. Example: Ellp
mesachle, — worse. Ellp mesachle kopa
konoway, — the worst. aiyu mesachle
mitllte, — unclean. Mesachle mitute, —
danger; peril. "Mesatchee, — bad, vile,
vicious, in the sense of vileness, filth,
dirtiness, etc., whether in the atjstract
or in the concrete." — Buchanan.
Me-sl'-ka, pron. (C). (Chlnook,-Mesai-
ka.) "The second person, plural num-
ber in all cases." Vou; your; yours.
"There is no such thing as case in Chi-
nook, therefore one form represents at
.once the nominative, possessive and ob-
jective cases, or what corresponds to
them in English." — Buchanan.
Ml'ka, pron. (C). (Chlnook,-Maika.)
(Anything pertaining to the first person,
singular number.) You; your; yours;
thee; thou; thy; thine. Example: Okoke
mlka klutau? — is this your horse? Kah
mlka klatawa? — where are you going?
Ml'-mie, adv. (C). (Chlnook,-Malami.)
Down stream.
Mlt'-lite, V. (C). (Chlnook,-Mltlait.)
To sit; sit down; stay at; reside; remain;
have; Inhabit; abide; dwell; exist; dwell;
be present; recline; keep; llng-er; lodge;
possess; reside; roost; wait. (Also used
for the impersonal verb, to be; is.)
Example: Kah mlka mitllte? — where do
you live? Taka mltlite kopa yaka house,
— he is at his house. (It is also used
in place of to have and to be.) Example:
Mitllte kopa house, — he is in the house.
Mitllte hylu salmon kopa mlka? — have
you plenty of salmon? Mitllte (imp.),
— sit down. Cultus mitllte, — to stop
anywhere without particular object.
Mltlite tenas, — to be with child. Mit-
llte keekwlllie, — to put down. Halo mlt-
lite, — absent. Kloshe mitllte, — stay;
hold; hold on; remain. Eunjih mitllte, —
how many remain. Okoke mltlite, — this
is the remainder. Mitllte kopa chuck, — ■
to be wet; soaked.
Mit'-whit, V. (C). (Chinook,-Amet-
whet. ) To stand; stand up; rise; be
erect. Example: Kloshe mesika mlt-
whit, — please to arise. Mitwhlt stick, —
a standing tree; a mast.
Mokst, Mox, or Moxt, adj. (C). (Chi-
nook,-Makst.) Two; twice; doable; dual;
couple; pair; second. Example: Mokst
tahtlum, — twenty. Mokst tukamonnk, —
200. Mokst tumtum, — double minded;
dubious; in doubt.
Moo'la, n. (P). (Prench,-Moulin.) A
mill; a .jnanufactory. Example: I^a-
plash, or stick moola. — a saw-mill. Sapo-
111 moola, — a flour-mill.
Moo'-laok, n. (C). (Ohinook.-Emuluk.)
An elk. (This word, strangely enough,
occurs also in the Koquilth of Humbolt
Bay.) The word is obsolete now.
Moon, n. (E). (Engllsh,-idem.) The
moon. Example: Ikt moon, — a month.
Sick moon, — the wane or old moon. Chee
moon, — the new moon. Kopa mokst
AND HOW TO USE IT.
17
moon nilca kilaple, — in two months I will
return.
UoOB'-mooB, n. (K. C.) (Kllkatat,-Mus-
mus; Climook,-Emusnius.) Buffalo;
horned cattle; beef. (The word, slight-
ly varied, is common to several lan-
guages. Mr. Anderson derives it from
the Cree word Moostoos, a Buffalo, and
supposes it to have been imported by
the Canadians; but Father Pandosy
makes MUBmus Yakima.) (Eells says:
"The Clallams and Twanas have adopted
it into their languages, either from the
Chinook Jargon, the Takama or some
other native language; my opinion is
that the latter is true, as buffalo skins
were brought to Puget Sound from the
Yakama long before the whites came,
and the name naturally came with it;
so the Yakamas undoubtedly had a
name for them long before the Cana-
dians came.") Example: 'S'aka? mltlite
tag'hTun moosmoos, — he has six cattle.
Man yaka kum.tuks mainook mimolooBe
moosmoos, — a butcher.
Moo'-Bum, v., n. (S). (Chihalis.-IVIu-
sam.) To sleep; sleep; asleep; slumber.
Ex.: Tlkeg'li moosum, or olo moosum, —
to be sleepy (literally, to want, or be
hungry for sleep). 'B'aka moosum alta,
— he sleeps now. ITlka Iiyas moosum, —
I slept very sound.
Mow-itsli, Mow-Itch, or MaV-witsh, n.
(IT). (ITootka,-Mauitsh (Hale); Hittinat,-
Moitsh, — a deer; Nootia.-Moowatsh, — a
bear (Jewltt). k. deer; venison; animal.
(Frequently used to signify a wild ani-
mal; as, Kulolma mowitsh, — a strange
or different kind of beast. The meaning
given in Jewitt's book is probably a mis-
print. Like Moolock, an elk, the word
is found in the Koquilth of Humbolt
Bay.) (Other spellings: Mahwltcb; ma-
wich; mawltsh; mowich; mowitsli; mou-
eecb; moults; w^owicb.)
Muck-a-muck, n., v. (Quaere u. d. Mak-
amak (Hale). (Neither Chinook nor Chi-
halis. Mr. Anderson considers it an in-
vented word.) To eat; bite; food; im-
bibe; lunch; chew; browse; devour; suck
food; nutrition; picnic; subsistence; ail-
ment; diet; feast. (Muckamuck is to
take anything into the mouth; hence.
niuckamuck salmun, to eat salmon r
muckamuck chuck, to drink water;
muckamuck kinootl, to smoke or chew
tobacco." — Hale.) Example: Mamook
piah muckamuck, — to cook food. Pot-
latch muckamuck, — to feed. Sail kopa
mamook kloshe lapush spose nesika
muckamuck, — a napkin. Muckamuck
chuck, &c., — to drink water, or other
liquid. Muckamuck kopa polaklie, — sup-
per. Muckamuck kopa sitkum sun, — din-
ner. Muckamuck kopa tenas sun, —
breakfast. (Other ways of spelling:
Mackamack; makmak; mokamok; mnca-
mnc; mncaiuuck; muckermnc; muka-
muck; mukamuck; makamak.)
Mus'-ket, n. (Bnirlish,-idem.) A gTin
or musket. Stick musket, — a bow.
N
Na, — the interrogative particle. "In-
terrogation is, however, generally con-
veyed by intonation only." — Gibbs. "The
negative enclitic, 'na,' in use in former
years, is now obsolete, and is never
heard now — on Puget Sound at least." —
Buchanan.
Na'-ha, or Na-ah, n. (C). (Chluook,-
Tlkanaa.) A mother, (Hale.) Peculiar
to the Columbia, and now in fact obso-
lete, the English 'mama' being used in-
stead." — Gibbs. "St Onge is the only
writer who uses it." — Eells.
ITah, interj. (Common to several lan-
guages.) Beiiold; look; look here; ha;
hey; look here; I say; listen; here; ho;
hark; harken; say. Example: Nah
Sikhs! — halloo friend! (Used in com-
mon conversation to call attention to
some point not thoroughly understood,
but generally nanitch is used for this
purpose. In tlie Yakama language. It is
the sign of the vocative; as ITah tehn! —
O man.)
DTan'-itsh, or Han-lch, v. (Quaere u. d.)
(Wootkaj-Nananitch. — Eells.) To see;
look; look for; seek; observe; srlance;
view; perceive; behold; listen; look here.
("Often used in a sentence to call atten-
tion to a certain point, as, — see here.)
Example: ITanitshl — look there! Xloshe
nanitsh! — look out! take care! be careful;
nourish; be cautious; nurse; defend; pre-
serve; entertain; protect; foster; steady;
guard; tend; take heed; supervise;
watch; provide. Cultus nanitsh, — to
look round idly, or from curiosity only.
Mamook nanitsh, — to show. (The word
is neither Chinook nor Chihalis. Dr.
Scouler gives nannanitsh as Nootka and
Columbian. It is possibly the former.)
Na-wit'-ka, adv. (C). (Cliinook,-idem ) ;
Kllkatat and Yakama,-N'witka.) Tes;
certainly; yes. Indeed; to be sure; aye;
assuredly; indeed. Example: Na'witka
nika klatawa, — yes, I will go. Hawitka
wake nika kumtuks, — indeed I don't
know. Klonass nawitka, — perhaps;
probably so. Wawa nawitka, — to per-
mit; acquiesce; assent; consent: accord.
(In answer to a negative question, many
Indians use it as affirming the nega-
tive.) Example: Wake mika nanitsh?
— did you not see (it) ? Wawitka, — I
did not.
Nem, n. (E). (Enffllsh.-Name.) A
name. Example: Mamook uem, — to
name, or call by name. Kloshe nem, —
honor; a good name. Hyas kloshe nem,
— R great name.
Ne-si'-ka, pron. (C). (Chinook,-Nisai-
18
THE CHINOOK JARGON
ka.) (Among the Quinaielt Indians I
found In 1892 that It Is pronounced
en-si-ka." — Eells.) We; us; our. Ex-
ainple: Chako kopa nesika, — come to
us. Alki nesika klatawa, — soon we will
go. ^ Nesika kultan delate till, — our
horses are very tired. Nesika self, —
ourselves.
Ne'-whab, (C). (CIu]iook,-Miwlia.) It
seems to be an adverb used, as is often
the case, as a verb, the meaning being
hither, come, or 'bring it hither. Ex.:
Newhah nika nanitsh, — here, let me see
it.
Ni'-ka, pron. (C). (Chliiook,-Naika.)
I; me; my; m.iiie. The first person, sin-
gular, in all cases. Ex.: "The personal
pronouns become possessive merely by
being prefixed to nouns; as, nika house,
my house; mika papa, thy father; nesika
illahee, our land." — Hale, "Sometimes
s is added to the personal pronouns in
the possessive case; thus uikas, — mine;
mikaa, — yours; yakas, — his, hers, its;
nesikas, — ours; mesikas, — yours; klas-
kas, — theirs. This mode is generally
used only when the pronoun is the last
word in the sentence, thus: Okoke kiu-
atan uikas." — Eells. Nika nauitch yaka,
— I see him. Yaka kokshut nika, — he
hit me. Nika klootchmau, — my wife.
Nika man, — my husband. Nika self, —
myself. Nika tenas man, — my boy; son;
sweetheart. Nika tenas klootchmau, —
my girl; daughter; sweetheart. Nika
tumtiuu, — I guess; think. Nika tum-
tum. kahkwa, — I approve; I think so.
Numerals: The numerals below a
thousand are all from the Old Chinook,
and are as follows: .Ikt, — one; mokst,
— two; klone, — three; lakit, — four; kwin-
num, — five ; tag*hum, — six ; siuamokst, —
seven; stotekin, — eight; kweest, — nine;
tahtlnm, — ten; tukamonnk, — one hun-
dred. For some reason the words for
eight and nine are used but little, either
being replaced by the English words
eight and nine, or by the combinations
Cor five and three, kwinnum pe klone,
and five and four, kwinnum pe lakit.
Thousand is either represented by the
words tahtlum tukamouuk, — ten hun-
dred, or by the word thousand. Ross
(1849) gives hioh, (probably hiyu,
many) as the word for thousand; hioh-
hioh. — two thousand ; hioh-hioh-hioh, —
three thousand; and hloh-hioh-hioh-hioh,
— four thousand." — Eells. The combina-
tions of the numerals are simple, as
tahtlum pe Ikt (ten and one) eleven;
mokst tahtlum pe kwinnum (two tens
and five) twenty-five; tag'hum tahtlum
(six tens) sixty: klone tukamonuk, —
three hundred; Ikt thousand (or taht-
lum tukamonuk) stotekin tukamonuk,
kweest tahtlum pe klone, — one thousand,
eight hundred and ninety-three." — Eells.
Nose, n. (Ensrlish.-idem.) "(Buck-sid
(Indian, -Common.) Bock-s'd." — Buchan-
an. The nose; also, a promontory. Boat
nose, — the bow of a boat. Example:
Yaka mamook camp kopa nose, — he is
camped at the spit.
o
O'-koke, or O'-kook, pron. (C). (Chi-
nook,-Okok.) This; that; it; these; those;
(differentiate by pointing). (Okoke,
this or that, is the only demonstrative
pronoun.) Example: Zktah okoke?-^
what is that? Okoke klaksta, — he who.
Okoke klaska, — they (being present).
(It is often abbreviated to oke; as, oke
sun. — Gibtas. ) Okoke mitllte, — the re-
mainder. Okoke polaklie, — tonight.
Okoke sun, — today. "There are no
words fbr articles, except that the dem-
onstrative pronoun okoke, that, is some-
times used to denote a very definite
the." — Eells.
O'-lal-lie, or O'-lll-lie, n. (Belbella.)
(Belbella,-idem. ) Originally the salmon
berry. (Chinook,-Klalelli, — berries in
general.) Berries; fruit. Ex.: Klale
olallie, — blackberries. Pil olallie, — cur-
rants; cranberries. Sallal olalllie, — sal-
lal berries. Olallie chuck, — berry juice.
Shot ollllie, — huckleberries. Seapho, or
siahpult olillie, — raspberries: thimblfe
cap berries. Salmon olillie, — salmon
berries; &c. (On Puget Sound always
called olallie.)
O'-le-man, n., adj. (E). (English,-01d
man.) An old man; old; worn out;
stale. Example: Okoke kuitan yaka
hyas oleman, — that horse is very old.
(As regards articles, used in the sense
of worn out.)
O'-lo, adj. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) Hun-
gry. Example: Olo chuck, — thirsty.
<>lo moosrim, — sleepy, Nika hyas olo
alta, — I am very hungry now. Wake
siah mimoluse kopa olo, — famished. (Olo
moosum, not used on Puget Sound to
my knowledge, — tikegrh moosum, is
sleepy. — Eells.) Olo time, — Lent.
Oo'-a-kut, or Wayhnt, n. (Chinook,-
Wehut; Yakima.-Wiet. ) A road; path;
trail; way; hlg'hway; lane. (Under the
spelling Oyhut it is the name of a place
in Chehalis County, Wash. — Eells.) Ex-
ample: Xah ooakut kopa Olympia? —
where is the road to Olympia? Ooakut
kopa chuck, — a channel. Ooakut kopa
town, — a street. (Eells says: "The pro-
nunciation as I have given is not found
in any of the dictionaries, but is what
I have almost universally found on
Puget Sound; wayhut being very sel-
dom used. Gibbs says that on the Co-
lumbia it is pronounced hwehkut, and
on Puget Sound weehut; but Gill (Port-
land) gives oehut, and I have seldom
heard anything but ooahnt on Puget
AND HOW TO USE IT.
19
Sound; only occasionally wayliut.")
(Other ways of spelling: BooUcnt; oi-
Iiat; olliot; oebut; ohehut; owakut; hweh-
intj weebut; wehkut; oyhut.) "The In-
dians are very quick to detect any dif-
ference in the intonation or method of
pronunciation of the whites, and some-
times think we speak different lan-
guages. An Indian asked me one day
(while pointing to a cow) what was the
name we called that animal. I told him
cow. He said that he had Jiist asked
another white man, and he called it a
oaow. By this means, different Indians
who have been with the whites acquire
a habit of pronouncing such . English
words as they pick up in the same style
and manner as the person from whom
they learn them. This causes a great
discrepancy in the Jorgon, which at first
is difficult to get over. And, again, each
tribe will add some local words of their
own language, so that while a person
can make himself understood among any
of the tribes for the purposes -"of trade,
it is difficult to hold a lengthened con-
versation on any subject without the
aid of some one who has become more
familiar with the peculiar style." — Judge
Swan.
O'-poots, or O'pootsli, n. (C). (Chlnook,-
Obeputsh.) Tlie fundament; tlie poste-
rior; tlie tail of an animal; anus; end;
rectum; stem; back; backside. Example:
Boat opoots, — the rudder. Opoots-slll, —
a breach clout. Humm opoots, — a
skunk.
Ow, n. (Ohinook,-Au.) A. brother
young'er than the speaker. Example:
Kali mlka ow7 — where is your brother?
Blip ow, — an older brother. Kahkwa ow,
— fraternal; brotherly. Ow yaka klootcli-
man, — a sister-in-law. Ow yaka tenas
man, — a nephew. Ow yaka tenas klootcb-
man, — a niece.
Order of the Words; "There is no
settled authority in regard to the order
of the words in this language. They are
generally placed in much the same order
as they are in the language which the
speaker has been accustomed to use,
if he be not well acquainted with the
language. An English speaking person
will place them in much the same order
that he would in English, but there are
many phrases where this is riot true,
the order of which must be acquired by
practice: for instance, — halo nika kum-
tuks, — not I understand, is far more
common than nlka halo kumtuks. An
Indian who has learned somewhat the
English order, will arrange the words in
much the same way; but if the speaker
is an old Indian who knows but little
about English he will arrange them much
as he is accustomed to do in his native
tongue, which is usually very different
from the English. As the tendency,
however, Is not for the whites to learn
the native Indian languages, but for the
Indians to learn the English, so the
tendency is toward the English order of
the words." — Eells.
Pahtl, adj. (O). (Chlnook.-Patl.) Full.
Example: Fahtl-lum or paht-lum, —
drunk. Pahtl chuck, — wet. Pahtl ilia-
hie, — dirty. Mamook pahtl, — to All.
Kwanesum yaka pahtlum, — he is always
drunk. (Other ways of spelling pahtl:
Partle; patl; patle; pattle.) (Pahtlum is
also spelled: Pahtllum; patlem; phat-
lum; pahtllam; partlelum; potlum; pot-
tlelum.)
Paint, or Pent, n., adj. (E). (English,-
Paint.) Mamook pent, — to paint.
Papa, n. (EnglisS,-idem). A father.
Ex.: Nika nanitsh yaka pana, — T see hi.<3
father.
Fa-se'-se, or PaZ-see-sie, n. (C). (Chi-
nook, -Pasisi.) A. blanket; woolen cloth
Ex.: Yaka mltlite kwinnum paseesle, —
he has five blankets. Tzum paseesie, — a
quilt. "Faseesee, is properly pronounced
with the accent on the second syllable.
Tou will see how very different the word
becomes if you attempt to accent the
first or last syllables." — Grill.
Pa-'si-ooks, n., adj. (C). (Chinook,-
Pasisiuks.) (French; a Frenchman. Ex.:
Ahnkuttie hiyn pasiooks man mitlite
yakwa, — formerly many Frenchmen
lived here. (Mr. Hale supposed this to
be a corruption of the French word
Francais. It is, however, really derived
from the foregoing word, Fasisi, with
the terminal uks, which is a plural form
applied to living beings. Lewis and
Clarke (vol. 2, pp. 413) give Pashishe-
ooks, — clothmen, as the Chinook name
for the whites, and this explanation was
also furnished me by people of that
tribe. It has since been generally re-
stricted to the French Canadians, though,
among some of the tribes east of the
Cascade Range, it is applied indiscrim-
inately to all the Hudson's Bay people.)
— Gibbs. (Other ways of spelling: Fah-
seooks; pasaiooks; pasaiuks; passaiooks;
pesioux; pesyooks; pasheshiooks ; passi-
nks.) "The origin of some of the words
is rather whimsical. The Americans,
British, and French are distinguished by
the terms Boston, Klng'chotsh (King
George), and Fasalnks, which is pre-
sumed to be the word Francais (as
neither f, r, nor the nasal n can be pro-
nounced by the Indians) with the Chi-
nook plural termination uks added. The
word for blanket, paseesee, is probably
from the same source (francalses, —
French goods or clothing)." — Hale. (See
Dutchman.)
20
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Pe, or Pee, conj. (F), (Preucli,-Puls).
And; but; Eells says and and but are its
only meanings. Gibbs and Hale give
then, besides, or. Hale says: "Only two
conjunctions, properly speaking, are
found in the language, — Pe and Spose, —
often contracted to Pos. These two con-
Junctions form the only exceptions to
the rule that all the grammatical ele-
ments of the jargon are derived from the
proper Chinook language. The pronouns
and the numerals are pure Chinook."
Ex.: Vaka pe nika klatawa, — he and I
will go. Vaka wawa kahkwa pe nika
wawa liuloima, — he said so, but I said
differently. Pe weght, — and; also; be-
sides. Pe kahta, — and why; for what;
what reason.
Peh'-pab, or Papah, n. (Englishi-Pa-
per). Paper; a letter; any writing';
book; messag'e. Ex.: Mamook petapah, —
To write. Kloshe mlka mamook papah
kopa nika, — please to write a letter for
me. Kumtuks papali, — to read. Sag'ha-
lie tyee yaka papali, — the Bible; Testa-
ment.
Pel'-ton, or Pehlten, n., adj. (Jarg'on).
A fool; foolish; crazy; absurd; insane.
Ex.: Kahkwa pelton, — like a fool; hyas
pelton mika, — you are very silly. (The
Indians adopted this word from the
name of a deranged person, Archibald
Pelton, or perhaps Pelton, whom Mr.
"Wilson P. Hunt found on his journey to
Astoria, and carried there with him. The
circumstance is mentioned by Pranchere,
in his "Narrative," trans., p. 149.) "The
word pehlten — insane, crazy — comes
from "Pilion," the name of an employee
of the Hudson's Bay, who become insane.
Between the French and English pronun-
ciation of that name, the Indians made it
pilio, pilian, and at last pehlten, and
adopted the name to mean insane in
general." — Kamloops Wawa. (Other
spellings: Felhten; pilteu; piltin; pil-
ton).
Pe-shak', or Pe-shuk, adj. (N). (Noot-
ka,-Peshuk). (ITittinat,-ideni). Bad.
(Mesachle is used for it on Puget Sound
Pe-what -tie, adj. (C). (Ohlnook,-Pih-
wati). Thin, like paper, etc.
Pi'-ah, n., adj. (E). Pire; ripe; cooked;
mature; blaze; flame; burned; mellow.
Example: IVIamook piah, — to cook; to
burn. Piah-ship, — a steamer; piah olil-
Ile, — ripe berries. Piah chuck, — whiskey.
Piah sapolill, — baked bread. Piah sick, —
the venereal disease. Sa^halie piah, —
lightning. Shot olallia yaka piah alta, —
the huckleberries are ripe now.
Pil, adj. (C.) (Chinook,-TlpelDen.
Bed; of a reddish color. (Father Pan-
dosy gives Pilpilp as signifying red. In
the Nez Perce or Sahaptin, also.1 Pll
illihie, — red clay or vermillion. Pil dol-
la, — gold. Pil chickamin, — copper. Pil
kinatan, — a bay or chestnut horse.
Pil' -pil, n. (Jarg'on). Blood. Hiyu
pipil chako, — much blood came. Mahsh
pllpil, — to bleed; to menstruate. (De-
rived from the foregoing). (Lee and
Frost give pilpil, as red.)
Fish, n. (E). Pish. Example: mika
tikeg'h mahsh okoke pish, — do you wish
to sell that flsh? Kah isknm pish, or
kah pish mUite, — a fishery. STamook
pish, — to troll; to flsh. MuckamuclE
kopa pish, — bait.
Pish-pish. (See Puss-puss.)
Pit-lilh, or Pi-t-hlil', adj. (Quaere u.
d. ). Thick in consistence, these words have been
confounded; mamook lahal being prop-
ertly to gamble with the disks; and ma-
mook slahal to gamble with the bones."
— Eells.)
Snass, n. (Quaere u. d.). Bain. (The
word is neither Chinook nor Chihalis,
and is perhaps manufactured.) Ex-
ample: Halo nika tikegh klatawa kopa
snass, — I do not wish to go in the rain.
Snass chako, — it is raining. Cole snass,
— snow.
Sol'-lekB, or Sah'-leks, n., adj. (Quaere
u. d.). Anirer; be ang'ry; malice; hate;
hatred; hostile; indignant; morose; mad;
sulky; sullen; be mad. Example: Ma-
mook soUeks, — to fight; resent; offend;
provoke. Tikeg'h soUeks, — to be hostile.
Knmtuks soUeks, — to be passionate. Ha-
lo soUeks, — meek; mild; pleasant. Yaka
byas soUeks, — he is very angry. Taka
soUeks kopa nika, — he is mad at me.
Chako soUeks, — to become angry; pro-
voked, or offended. Hyas soUeks, — furi-
ous; rabid; full of vengeance or rage;
very angry. Hiyu soUeks, — fury; rage;
vengeance. SoUeks wawa, — a quarrel;
growl. (Other spellings: Saliks, salix,
salllx, sallux, silex, soleks.)
So'-pe-na, v. (C). (Chinook.-T'sopena.)
To Jump; to leap; hop; skip; spring'.
Spose, conj. (English,-Suppose). If;
supposing'; that; provided that; in order
that. (Boas says it is more frequently
pronounced pos on the Columbia river;
and that pos in Chinook means if; so
that spose may be explained as due to
folk etymology on the part of the trad-
ers, or pos as folk etymology on the
part of the Chinook. — Gibbs.) (Other
spellings: Pos, pose, spos.) Example:
Spose m.ika nanitsh nika canim, — if you
see my canoe. Spose nika klatawa kopa
Chinook, — if or when I go to Chinook.
Xahkwa spose, — as if. (See Kloshe
spose.) Spose mika tikeg'h, nika klata-
wa, — if you wish I will go. Spose kopet
lakit tahtlum sun, Jesus yaka tike^h
klatawa kopa Sag'hale, — (literally) when
ended -four ten days, Jesus he would go
to H^Stven, — i. e., when the forty days
were ^nded. He desired to .ascend to
Heaven. "A conditional or suppositive
meaning is given to a sentence by the
words klonas, perhaps, and spose (from
the English 'suppose'), used rather in-
definitely. Ex.: mka kwass nika papa
klonas mlmaloose, — I fear my father
will die (lit., I afraid my father per-
24
THE CHINOOK JARGON
haps die). Spose mlka klatawa yahwa,
pe nika cliaco kalikwa, — if you will go
yonder, I will follow (lit., suppose you
go that way, then I come the same)."
"It will be noticed that these two con-
junctions form the only exceptions to
the rule that all the grammatical ele-
ments of the Jargon are derived from
the proper Chinook language. Only two
conjunctions, properly speaking, are
found in the language— pe, from the
French word pues, and spose." — Hale.
Stick, n., adj. (Eiig'Ush,-idem). A
stick; a tree; wood; wooden; vine; pole;
rod. Example: Stick skin, — bark. Ship
stick, — a mast. Mitwhit stick, — a stand-
ing tree. Icht stick, — a yard measure.
Stick shoes, — leather shoes or boots, as
distinguished from skin shoes or mocca-
sins. KiUl stick, — oak (hard wood).
Isiok stick, — the ash (paddle wood).
Stock'-en, n. (E). Stocking's or socks.
(The Twanas have adopted it into their
language as stah-kid. — Eells.)
Stoh, adj. (Cliinook,-idem). loose. Ex-
ample: Mamook stoh, — to untie; unloose;
undo. (Metaphorically, to absolve sins.)
Stone, n. (Englis]i,-idem). A rock or
stone; bone; horn; the testicles; flng'er
nail; boulder. Example: Stone chika-
min, — ore. Stone kiuatan, — a stallion.
Mahsh stone, — to castrate. Stone ilia-
hie, — a mountain. T'kope stone, — quartz;
any white stone.
Stote'-kin, adj. (C). (Chinook.-Stolct-
kin. ) Eight. Example: Tahtlum pe
stotekin, — eighteen. (Other spellings:
Istoiightkin; sothin; stog'htkin; stopekln;
Btoktkekin; stotkin.)
Stutch'-un, n. (English,-Sturgeon).
The Sturgeon. (Other spellings: Stuch-
uji, stutchin, stogheon, stogeon, stutshin,
sturgeon.)
Sun, n. (EngliBh,-idem). The sun; a
day. Example: Sun yaka waum alta, —
the sun is warm now. Okoke sun, — to-
day. Tahlkie sun, — yesterday. (Ikt tahl-
kle, — day before yesterday.) Tenas sun,
— early. Sitkum sun, — noon. Wake siah
sltkum sun, — almost noon. Ikt sun, —
Monday. Hlokst sun, — Tuesday. Klone
sun, — Wednesday. I^akit sun, — Thurs-
day. Kwinnum sun, — Friday. Taghum
sun, — Saturday; (formerly muckamuck
sun). Klip sun, — sunset. Elip sitkum
sun, — before noon; the forenoon. Kim-
tah sitkum sun, — after noon; the after-
noon.
Sun'-day, or Sante, h. (Engllsh,-idem).
Sunday; week. Example; Kloshe mika
chako kopa church house kopa Sunday,
— please to come to church on Sunday.
Sunday sail, — a flag, because formerly
on Sunday the flag was raised at the
Hudson's Bay Company's posts. Ikt Sun-
day, — a week. Hyas Sunday, — a holiday.
(A flag hoisted on a particular occasion
is sometimes also called Sunday. The
other days of the week are usually
counted from this; as, Icht, Mokst, Klone
sun kopet Sunday,— one, two, three days
after Sunday. Saturday used to be
called at the Hudson's Bay Company's
posts "muckamuck sun", — food day, as
the one on which the rations were is-
sued.)— Gibbs. (Eells gives: "Hyas Sun-
day, — a holiday, as Fourth of July:
Christmas. Mokst Sunday,— a fortnight.
Ikt Sunday, — a week; but the word week
is rapidly taking its place.")
T
Tagh'-um, To'-hum, or Tugh'-um, adj.
(C). (Chinook,-Takhum; Cowlitz,-Tuk-
hum; Kwantlen.-Tukhum ; Selish,-Tak-
kan.) Six. Example: Tahtlum pe tag-
hum, — sixteen. Taghum tahtlum, — sixty.
Taghum tukamonuk, — 600. (Other spell-
ings: Taghkum; taham; tahkhum; ta-
hom; tahum; tohhum; tuchum; tughh-
kam.) (Clallam, — T'hung. Upper Ohe-
halis, — Tahum. ) — Eells.
Tahl-kie, or Tahnl-kie, adv. (C). (Chi-
nook,-Tanlki.) TTesterday. Example:
Yaka chako tahlkie, — he came yesterday.
Tahlkie sun, — yesterday. Icht tahlkie, —
day before yesterday. "Talki sun, — yes-
terday. Mox talki sun, — day before yes-
terday. Tomollah, — tomorrow. Talki
moon, — last month. Talki waum illahee,
— last summer. Talki cole illahee, — last
winter." — Buchanan. (Other spellings:
Tahnkie; talke; talki; tanke; tanilkey;
tantki; tanlke.)
Taht'-lum, or Taht'-le-lum, or Tot'-le-
lum, adj. (C). (Chinook.-Tatlelum.) Ten.
(The combinations from this are simple.)
Example: Moxt, klone, &c., Tahtlum, sig-
nifying twenty, thirty, &c. ; Tahtlum pe
icht, &c., eleven, twelve, &c. ; tahtlum-
tahtlum, one hundred. (Other snellings:
Eattathlelum; tahtelum; tahtil-ii; tart-
lum; tatlelam; tatlelom; tattelu;n; taugh-
lelum; tohtleum; totlum.)
T'al-a-pus, n. (C). (Chinook,-Italipas;
Vakima,-Telipa (Pandosy). The coyote
or prairie wolf. A sort of deity or super-
natural being, prominent in Indian mytli-
ology. A sneak. Eells gives, "Hyas
opoots talapuB, — same as Talapus. Some
give Talapus as Coyote or Prairie Wolf
and Hyas opoots talapus as Fox. and
some exactly the reverse, custom prob-
ably 'being different according to lo-
cality.")
Ta-mah-no-UB, n. (C). (Chinook.-Iti-
manawas.) A sort of gnardian or famil-
iliar spirit; magic; luck; fortune; any-
thing supernatural; the spirits; a ghost;
goblin; idol; witch. "A name applied to
anything the Indians cannot understand.
A Tah-mah-na-'wis man is a doctor,
priest, conjurer, and fortune-teller, a
dealer in magic and a maker and de-
AND now TO USE IT.
25
stroyer of charms for good and evil, all
in the same personage." — Phillips.
("One's particular forte is said to be his
Tamalmous.") — Gibbs. Example: Ma-
moolc tamahnouB, — to conjure; "make
medicine." Masajicliie tamalinous, —
witchcraft or necromancy. Mr. Ander-
son restricts the true meaning of the
word to conjuring. Halo yaka mltlite
tamahuous, — he has no guardian spirit.
" 'Klale Tali-mali-iia-wis,' the name of
the secret society of black magic." —
Phillips. "There were four kinds of ta-
mahu-a-wlBi sometimes spelled ta-mahn-
o-us, or spirit practices in vogue among
the TwansLs as there were among the
great family of Selish Indians in Wash-
ington. The word ta-mahn-a-'wls may
be and was used in the sense of a noun,
an adjective or a verb. As a noun it
means any kind of a spirit in the spirit
world from the Salig'-lia-Iie Tyee, or
supreme being, to the klail ta-mahn-a-
wls, or devil, literally, black spirit. As
an adjective a ta-malm-a-wis stick,
stone, person, etc., is a thing or indi-
vidual with a ta-malm-a-wis or spirit
either of good or evil in it. As a verlj
It is used in the sense of invoking the
aid of spirits, as 'm.a]i-mok ta-matan-a-
wls.' The four kinds of ta-mabn-a-wis
of the Indians of the Twana tribe at
least are: The 'ta-m.alm-a-wls over the
sick,' the incantations of the medicine
men; the 'red ta-malm-a-wis,' the 'black
ta-malma-wis,' and the 'spixit land ta-
mahn-a-wlB.' The sick ta-mahn-a-wis
was only practiced for the healing of
the sick. The red, or pill ta-malm-a-wis,
was an assembling together, an invoca-
tion, in short, of the spirits for a good
season the following summer. It lasted
three or four days and consisted of sing-
ing, dancing, the beating of tom-toms,
drums and the decoration of the face
and limbs and body invariably with
streaks and spots of red paint. The
black, or klail ta-malm-a-wiSi was the
free masonry of the Twanas and was
without doubt the one great religion of
all religious practices among them. It
was a secret society to a very large
extent, and none but the initiated were
ever permitted to have anything to do
with it. Masks made in rude imitation
of the wolf head were used, and these
were called shway-at-slio-sin. The prac-
tice of the spirit land ta-malm-a-wis
was associated with or founded on a
very pretty myth believed in by the old
Twanas to the effect that a year or two
perhaps before an Indian died he or she
lost his or her spirit. Spirits from other
places, always from below, would visit
the Indian and, quite unaware to the
person, would take and carry off the
spirit and sail with it to their abiding
place, there to hold it in captivity un-
less released by spirits from this life.
The theory of the medicine ta-malm-a-
wis is that when a person is sick some
evil spirit has taken possession of the
body, sometimes more than one evil
spirit, and of different kinds. It was
always the duty of the ta-malm-a-wis
doctors to find out what kind of a spirit
had entered the body, and then by in-
cantation and ceremony to drive it out."
— The Siwash. "The Twana or Skoko-
misli tribe," pp. 32-40. Ta-mahn-a-wis
rattles, — made out of deer hoofs, bear
and beaver teeth, etc. (Other ways of
spelling: Tamahnawas, tam.almawis,
tam.almowus, tamanawas, tamanoaz, ta-
manous, tomaliuawos, tom.auawoB,)
Ta-m.o'-litsli, or Ta-mow'-Utsh, n. (C).
(Cluiiook.-Tamulitsh (Anderson) ; Vaka-
ma,-Tamolitsh (Pandosy). A tub; bar-
rel; bucket; cask; keg-. Example: Chuck
m.itlite kopa tamolltsli, — water is in the
barrel. Icht tamolitsli, — a bushel meas-
ure. (Other ways of spelling: Tamoo-
lidgre, tamolich, tamolich, tamolltcli, ta-
moluck, tamoolitcli, tamulidge.)
Tanse, v., n. (Eng-Ush.-Danoe.) To
dance. Example: Hiyn tanse alta, — there
is much dancing now.
Te-ali'wit, n. (O). (Chlnook.-Tiawi;
Clatsop,-Klaawlt). Tlie leg-; the foot.
(Differentiate by gesture). Example:
Klatawa teahwit, — to go on foot; to
walk; Klook teawit, — I^ame. (Other
ways of spelling: Teeahnute, tearwit,
teawhit, teiawit, teouit.)
Ta-toos'h, To-toos'h, n. (Chippeway,.
Totosh (Schoolcraft.) "Tatoosh from
Cree or Otcip^re. The cognate words are:
Cree (Lacombe) totosim, ' mammelle,
pis.' Otcipwe (Baraga) totosli,-breast,
dug, udder; Alg-onkin (Cuoq), totoc,
'mammelle.' " — Chamberlain. The breasts
of a female; milk, bosom; breast; teat;
udder. Example: Kloshe tatoosh, —
cream. Tatoosh lakles, — butter. Ta-
toosh g-leese, — butter. Eells says the
word milk is taking its place. (Tatoosh
I^ight House, Tatoosh Island and Ta-
toosh, near Cape Flattery, Clallam Coun-
ty, Wash.) irOTE: The words of a
Alg-onkian origin which are to be found
in the vocabulary of Chinook, as given
by the authorities, are consequently:
Xinnikinuik, pielpishemo, mitass, Siski-
you, totoosh, wapatoo. Regarding the
etymology of these loan-words, the fol-
lowing may be said: Xinni-kinnik. De-
rived directly or indirectly from Otcipwe.
The cognates are Otcipwe (Baraga).
Kiniglnigre, 'I am mixing together some-
thing of diffirent kinds.' (Cuoq) kinik-
inisre, (meler ensemble des choses de
nature differente.' The radical is seen in
Alg-onkin (Cuoq) kinika, 'pele-mele' —
Cree, Kiyekaw. (See supplemental vo-
cabulary). I^epishimo. This word evi-
dently consists of the French article le
and a radical [al pishemo. This latter
apishamon, 'anything to lie on; a bed:
corresponds to the Otcipwe (Baraga)
26
THE CHINOOK JARGON
apishemo, 'I am lying on something.'
Compare tlie Western Americanism
aplBliaiiioxe which Bartlett (Diet, of
Americanism, 1877) thus defines: Apisb-
amore (Chippeway, apislianioii). Any-
thing to lie down on: a bed. A saddle-
hlanket made of buffalo-calf skins, much
used on the prairies." Mitass, Directly
or indirectly (through French-Canadian)
from Otcipve or Cree. The cognate
words are: Otcipwe (Baraga) mldass:
Aleronkin (Cuoq), mitas; Cree (Dacombe)
mitas. The word exists in Canadian-
French in the form of mitasse. Dr.
Pranz Boas kindly informs me that
"legging" in Chinook and Clatsop is
Imetas. (See supplemental vocabulary.)
Siskiyou. Though this word is assigned
a Cree origin by Mr. Gibbs, its etymology
is very uncertain. Blackfoot sakhslu,
"short" and Cree klskikkuttew, "he cuts
in two" offer themselves for comparison,
but with no certainty" — CtaambeTlain.
TsMs-kl-yu, sky, is given by Tolmie and
Dawson in "Comparative Vocabularies of
the Indian Tribes of British Columbia"
— S3 B. (64, sky) Aht. (Kaiookwaht) —
Shaw. Wappatoo, under proper order in
main alphabet, (q. v.) Papoose. Another
word may be added to this list, viz.,
paptis (papoose) — child. This word is
used by the speakers of Chinook in East-
ern British Columbia. The Algonkin
origin of the word has been disputed by
some, but there is every reason to be-
lieve that it is connected with the root
seen in the Massachusetts papeissiosu
(Eliot) — ^'he is very small.; peisses
(Eliot) 'child'; pe-u (Eliot) 'it is small.'
From this root there seems little doubt
that the word papoos or papoose found
in Roger Williams, and In Wood ("New
England Prospect") has been derived, as
Dr. Trumbull has pointed out. These
words were all heard by the writer in
Western British Columbia in the summer
of 1891. Siskiyou was not heard and is
probably obsolescent." — Alexander Fran-
cis Chamlierlain, "Words of Algonkian
origin (in the Chinook Jargon), in Sci-
ence, Vol. 18, pp. 260-261. 1891.
Ten'-as, or Tan'as, n.. ad], (N). (Noot-
ka,-Tanas; Tokwaht.-Tenes.) Small;
few; little; a clilld; tbe young' of any
animal. 'Petty; slig'lit; pappoose; baby;
a mite. Example: Tenas snow cbako, —
a little snow has come. Chako tenas^ —
to decrease; diminish; lessen; become
less. Hyas tenas, — very small. liamook
tenas, — to decrease; diminish; lessen.
Tenas ^ahnkuttie, — lately; recently.
Tenas biyn, — a few; some; several. Ten-
as hiyu t^mes, — sometimes. Tenas laly,
— an interval; a short time. Tenas
mahsli, — to move. Tenas polaklie, —
evening; twilight; sunset; dusk; eve.
Tenas yaka tenas, — a grand child. Mokst
nlka tenas, — I have two children. Tenas
yaka tenas man, — a grandson. (Jewitt
gives Tanassis for a child in Nootka.)
Cbikchik kopa tenas, — a wagon for a
child: a baby carriage. (Other ways of
spelling: Tanarse, tanas, tanass, tanaz,
tunas, tunass.)
Thousand, adj. (Bng-lisli,-iaem).
(Thousand is either represented by the
words talitlum tukamonuk, — ten hun-
dred — or by the word Thousand. — Eells.)
Example: Hiyu tillikums mitlite, klonas
kunjih thousand, — many people are here,
perhaps many thousand.
Tik-eg-h, or Tiky, v. (C). (Chinook,-
tikekh). To want; wish; love; like;
choose; pick. "To want, to desire, —
in all shades of meaning and intensity
from simple desire or want to amorous
and even lustful desire; also, therefore,
to love. Also, what one should or ought
to want to do, as mika ticky muckamuck
mika lametsin, — you must take your
medicine. lAika halo ticky smoke, — you
must not smoke, mika halo ticky wawa
kahkwa kopa nika, — you must not speak
like that to me." — Buchanan. "The fu-
ture, in the sense of 'about to,' 'ready
to,' is sometimes expressed by tikegrh,
which means properly to wish or desire.
ITika papa tikeerh mimaloose, — my fath-
er is near dying, or about to die." —
Hale. Example : Okoke sun nika tikegh
wuwa, — this day I will speak. Hyas
tikeg-h, — to long for. Ikta mika tikeerh?
— what do you want? Taka tikeg-h dolla,
— he wants money. Nika tikegh nika
klootchman, — I love my wife. Delate
halo tikeg-h, — to loathe. Blip tikegh, —
to prefer; choose; rather. Halo tikegh,
— averse; dislike; unwilling. Tikegh
kumtuks, — to enquire; to wish to know.
(Other spellings: Takeh; teke; takeigh;
tickey; tikeh; tiki; tikke; tikky; t'keh;
treh; tukegh.)
TU'-i-kum, or tllakum, n. (C). (Chl-
nook,-tilikhum). People; relations; rela-
tives; associate; family; folks; friends;
kin; kindred; band; tribe; fellow nation;
population; person. (Applied generally,
it means those who are not chiefs. It
is also used to signify a tribe or band.)
Bxample: Cultus tilikum, — common or
insignificant persons. Huloima tilikum,
— strangers. Nika tilikum, — my rela-
tions. 'S'aka klatawa kopa yaka tilU-
kums, — he has gone to his people. Ahn-
kuttie tilikums, — ancestors; forefathers.
Eells gives "Nika tilikums, — mv friends;
my relations; so when preceded by the
other pronouns, as mika, mesika, nesika,
klaska, yaka, it has reference to friends
or relations. Hiyu tilikums, — a crowd;
a throng. (Other spellings: Telikom;
tekum; tilacnm; tilecum; tilicum; telli-
kum; tiUikums (pi.); tillieum; tillo-
chcum.)
Til'-l-kum-ma-ma, n. (C). (ChSnook,-
Tlkamama). A father. (The word is
AND HOW TO USE IT.
27
not in use in Jargon. — Hale.)
Till, or Tull, adj., n. (Bnglish.-Tire).
Tired; heavy; weight; a weigbt; a pound;
fatig-ue. Example: Kanslh till okook, —
how much does that weigh? Mamook
till, — to weigh. Wake till, — light (not
heavy). Mamook till tnmtum, — to trou-
ble. Wake slah mimoluse kopa till, —
exhausted. Nika liyas till, — I am very
tired. Cliako till, — to become tired;
fagged.
Tln'-tln, n. (By onoma). A bell; an
hour; a musical instrument. "When ap-
plied to a clock It means when the bell
rings, that is on the hour — therefore it
means hour or o'clock." — Buchanan. Ex-
ample: lOamook tintin, — to ring a bell.
Kunjih tintin alta? — what time is it
now? (Among the Indians round the
Hudson Bay Company's posts, the hours
were thus known; as, Mokst tintin kopet
sltkiuu sun, two hours, i. e., two bells
after noon.) "Ikt tintin, one hour or
one o'clock. The same word also refers
to a church bell and any kind of bell, as
well as the sound produced by it." —
Buchanan. EUp tahkum tintin, — before
six o'clock. Ximtah tahkum tintin, — aft-
er six o'clock. Tahkum tintin, — six
o'clock; six hours. Wake siah tahkum
tlntlu, — almost six o'clock; not far away
from six o'clock.
T'kope, adj. (Chinook,-ldem ) . White;
llg'ht-colored. Example: Okoke pish-
pish yaka t'kope, — that cat is white.
T'kope tiUkums, — white people. (Other
spellings: Tecope; teecoop; tekop; te-
kope; t'koop; la coope.)
Tlehl. (See Klale).
Tl'kope, V. (Chinook,-idem). To cut;
hew; chop. Example: alamo ok tl'hop, —
to out; mow. Tl'kop ooakut, — to sup-
plant (to cut one's road). (W. W. — but
is being superseded rapidly by the word
cut. — Eells.
Toh, or Tooh. (By onoma). Ilamook
toh, — to spit. (A manufactured word).
T'oke-tle, adj. (Kalapuya). Pretty.
(Not in common use.)
To'-lo, V. (Kalapuya). To earn; to
win at a er^nie; to g'ain; control; con-
vince; manag'e; defeat; overcome; over-
throw; prevail; profit; prosper; subdue;
subject; succeed; triumph. Example:
Kanslh doUa nika tola spose mamook? —
How many dollars will I earn if I work?
'Z'aka tolo mokst dollar, — he earned two
dollars. Nika tolo, — I succeeded. Nika
tolo yaka, — I prevailed over him. Wawa
pe tolo, — to persuade.
To'-luks, n. (Clallam,-Toyuk). The
mussel. (Used on Puget Sound only.)
To-mol-la, adv. (Enjrlish.-to-morrow).
To-morrow. Ikt tomolla, or kopet to-
molla, — day after to-morrow.
To-wa'jrh, adj. (C). Chinook,-Tow-
akh). Brigrht; shining; lig'ht.
Tsee, adj. (Chlnook,-idem). Sweet.
Tsee'pie, v., adj. (Kalapuya). To miss
a mark; to mistake one's road; to make a
blunder in speaking; to err or blunder;
deceive; false; Illusive; deceitful. Ex-
ample: Okoke tseepie mamook, — that is
a deceitful deed. Tseepie ooakut, — to
take a wrong road. Mamook tseepie, —
to delude; dissemble; fool; deceive; mis-
take; (not quite so strong as Felton or
Xllminawhlt — Eells.) Tseepie lalang, —
a slip of the tongue. Tseepie mamook, —
a trick. Tseepie wawa, — to mispro-
nounce.
Tshl'-ke, adv. (Quaere u. d.) Direct-
ly; soon. (Not jargon.) — Hale.
Tsi-at-ko, n. (S), (Chlhalis, Nlsqual-
ly, etc.,-idem; Clatsop,-Bchiatku). (A
nocturnal demon, much feared by the
Indians. The Skaglts give this name to
the "Couteaux," a tribe of Indians on
Prazer River, of whom they stand in
like awe. — Gibbs.)
Tsik'-tsik, or Tchlk tchik, n. (By
onoma.) (See Chik-chik.) A wagon;
a cart; a wheel. Example: Tslktslk
wayhut, — a wagon-road.
Tsugh, n., v. (Chinook,-idem). A crack
or split. Mamook isugh, — to split. Cha-
ko teugli, — to become split or cracked,
as by the heat of the sun. Mamook
tsugh iUahie, is by some used instead
of klugh, for to plough.
Tuk-a-mo'-nnk, or Tak-a-mo'-nak, adj.
(C). (Chlnook,-Itakamonak.) A hun-
dred. It is, like ten, combined with the
digits; as, icht, moxt, klone takamonak,
— one hundred, two hundred, three hun-
dred, &c. Kyas tukamonuk, or tahtlum
tukamonak, — a thousand. (Other spell-
ings: Ethacamunack; tacomonak; taka-
monuk; takamunak.)
Tum'-tum, n., v. (By onoma., from the
pulsations of the heart. (Anderson). The
heart; the will; opinion; Intellect; Inten-
tion; estimate; memory; mind; opinion;
plan; purpose; reason; soul; spirit; sur-
mise; thought; will. (Tumtum, — as a
verb — To think, to will, to believe, to
know. As a noun — Thought, will, belief,
mind, opinion, knowledge, heart.) — Bu-
chanan. Example: Mahsh tumtum, — to
give orders (Gb). Mamook tumtum, — to
make up one's mind; decide; design;
muse; account; contemplate; think; plan.
Mamook kloshe tumtum, — to make
friends or peace. Sick tnmtum, — grief;
jealousy. Moxt tumtum nika, — I am un-
decided, i. e., I have two wills. Q. Kah
neslka klatawa? — where shall we go? A.
Mlka tumtum, — wherever you please; as
you will. Ikta mlka tumtum? — what do
you think? Halo 'tumtum, — without a
will of one's own, as a child. The heart
seems to be generally regarded as the
seat of the mind or will. Iskum kopa
tumtum, — to believe. Klap tumtum, — to
decide; recollect; remember. Mahsh tum-
tum, — to forget, (Eells). Mamook tum-
tum ellp, — to anticipate. Mltllte kloshe
tumtum kopa, — to admire. Skookum turn-
28
THE CHINOOK JARGON
tnm, — bold; boldness; brave; capable;
audacious; courage; determined; earnest.
Kalilcnra uika tniutnm, — so I think. Blind
kopa tiuutum, — Ignorant. Chako kloslie
tumtiun, — to be delighted or reconciled.
Chako sick tumtum, — to repent; repine;
become sorry or sad. Delate liyas sick
tumtum, — agony. Heehee tumtiun — jolly.
Halo iskum kopa tumtum, — to disbelieve;
unbelief. Yutl tumtum, — glad spirits;
happy spirits; proud spirits; rejoice, etc.;
glad heart; happy heart, etc. (Tumtum,
— Heart, mind, will, opinion, belief, spirit
— the animal spirits, not supernatural
ones — mood, etc. Marsh tumtum, — to
cast out of mind, — i. e., to forget. Ma-
mook kloshe tumtum, — to make or to
cause good feeling.) — Buchanan. Halo
klap tumtum, — to be puzzled; undecided.
Halo proua tumtum, — lowly; humble.
Halo sick tumtum kopa yaka nesacbie, —
Impenitent. Halo skookum tumtum, — ir-
resolute: cowardly; not brave. Halo tum-
tum, — dull; thoughtless. Halo tumtum
kahkwa, — to disagree; disbelieve. Hyas
tumtum, — pompous. Kloslie kopa nika
tumtum, — beloved, mamook tumtum ko-
pa Taooli or papah, — to study. IMUtlite
kloshe tumtum, — to be contented; de-
lighted; to enjoy. DOitlite kopa tumtum,
— to remember; recollect. Nika tumtum
halo yaka chako kahkv'a, — unexpected;
chance; an accident. Wake kopet tum-
tum, — to remember. "Weg-ht mamook
tumtum, — to reconsider.
Tum-wa'-ta, n. (Tum, by onoma. ; Engr-
lish. Water). A waterfall, cascade or
cataract. (Lewis and Clarke give Timm
as used by the Indians above The Dalles
of the Columbia in directing them to
the falls.) Under the spelling of Tum-
water it is the name of a place in Thurs-
ton County, Wash.
Tup'-shln or Tip'-siu, v. (S). (Chiha-
lis,-Tupshin.) A KTeedle. Mamook tip-
sin, — to sew; to mend; to patch.
Tup-so, or Tip'-so, n. (C). (Chinook,-
Tepso.) A leaf; grass; leaves; fring-e;
feathers; fur; hair. Often but incor-
rectly employed for 'S'akso, — hair. Ex-
ample: Tipso illahle, — prairie. Sely tip-
so, — hay. Xlosh tupso, — flowers; bios*
soms; pansy; violet; rose. Tupso kopa
latet, — hair. Tupso kopa seahost, —
bread.
Ty'-ee, n., adj. (N). (lIootka,-Taiyi;
Tyee (Jewitt). A chief; g-entleman; offi-
cer; superior; hoss; foreman; manager;
Indian ag'ent; king'; emperor; president.
(Anything' of superior order.) Example:
Saghalle tyee, — the Deity. Tyee salmon,
■ — the spring salmon. (Tyon is given by
some of the northwestern voyagers as
the Eskimo appellation for chief.) Kah-
kwa tyee, — kingly; aristocratic Tyee
kopa 'Washinglion, — the President of the
United States. (Other spellings: Tal;
tail; tie; tye; tyeyea; tyhee.) Tyee court,
— supreme court. Tyee klootchman, —
empress; queen; matron of an Indian
school; a woman of authority. Tyee kopa
newspaper, — an editor. Tyee kopa town,
— a mayor. Tyee salmon, — spring sal-
mon.
Tznm, or T'ss-znm, or Tsum, n., adj.
(Chinook,-idem). Mixed colors; spots or
stripes; a mark or fig'ure; writing; paint;
painted; picture. Example: Ifaka tzum
kopa yaka stick "S", — his brand on his
logs is "S." Klale chuck kopa mamook
tzum, — ink. Mamook tzum, — to write;
print; stamp; stain; paint: dye; mark;
record; copy; subscribe; indite; endorse;
engrave. Tzum illahle, — blazed or sur-
veyed land. Tzum seahost, — photograph;
profile; postage stamps. Tzum stick, — a
lead pencil; a pen. Tzum pish, — a spot-
ted fish, the trout. "When the letter T'
is followed by the apostrophe, as above,
the sound of the T is 'tiss' as nearly as
it can be written, thus making a syllable
of itself, as tiss-so-lo, for t'solo." — Phil-
lips.
w
'Wagh, v. (C). (Chinook,-wakh.) To
pour; to spill; to vomit.
■Wake, adv. (N). (XTootka, — wik; Tok-
■waht, — wek.) No; not; none; the nega-
tive. See Halo. Example: 'Wake nika
kumtuks, — I do not understand. Wake
delate kopa nanitch, — indistinct: indis-
tinguishable. "Wake klaksta, — none; no-
body. "Wake hiyu, — few; insufficient;
lacking; rare; scarce; seldom; scant;
scanty; deficient. 'Wake kloshe, — mean;
unkind; improper; inconvenient; untrust-
worthy; nasty; naughty; wrong. Wake
siah, — not far; near; almost adjoining.
■Wake kloshe kopa mahkook, — unsalable.
■Wake siah kopa, — about; around; by.
■Wake siah yahwa, — thereabouts. ■Wake
skookum, — feeble; flimsy; frail; languid:
impotent; infirm; tender; delicate; un-
able; wavering; weak. ■Wake skookum
kopa, — impossible; unable; inability.
■Wake skookum tumtum, — irresolute.
■Wake wawa, — dumb; mum; mute. Note.
— "Many of the Jargon words, though en-
tirely different, yet sound so much alike
when quickly spoken, that a stranger is
apt to get deceived; and I have known
persons who did not well understand the
Jargon get angry with an Indian, think-
ing he had said something entirely dif-
ferent from what he actually did. The
words wake, no, and 'wicht, directly or
after, sound as pronounced, very similar.
Chako, hiac, chako, — come quick! come,
said a settler one day to an Indian who
was very busy. ■Wlcht nika chako, — I
will come directly, said the Indian. But
the white man understood him to say,
AND HOW TO USE IT.
29
Wake nika chako, — I will not come, con-
sequently got angry. You don't under-
stand Indian talk; I did not say I would
not come, said the Indian. If he had
said Warwitika, yes, the white man
would have understood." — Judge Swan.
CWicht means, ag'ain, also, more, the
word Is also spelled wegiit, wagt, weht,
weli't, weltch, weqt, and wouglit.) — Shaw.
Wap'-pa-too, or wap'-a-to, n. (Quaere
n. d.) Tlie root of the Sag'itaxia sagrltti-
folla, which forms an article of food.
The potato. "Chamberlain says, 'from
Cree or Otolpwe. The cognate words
are: Cree (Lacombe) wapatow, 'cham-
pignon blanc;' Otclpwe (Baraga), waba-
do, "rhubarb," Algonkin (cuoq) wabato,
'rhubarbe du Canada.' It is in all prob-
ability a derivative from the root wap —
(wab), 'white.'") "The word is neither
Chinook nor Chihalis. but is everywhere
in common use." — Gibbs. Eells says:
"Since the introduction of the potato
the latter has been called wapato, and
the former slwash waptao." (Other
spellings: Wapatoe; wahpitto; wapetu;
wappato; wappatoe; wappatoo.)
Wash, V. (Eiiglish,-idem.) Example:
Mamook wash, — to wash. Iskum wash,
— to be baptized.
Washington, n. (I!)- Congress; the
City of Washiugiiou; the Indian Depart-
ment at Washing1;on. Example: Wash-
ington potlatoh law kopa nesika, — may
mean that congress has made a law
for us, or that the Indian Department
has done so.
Waum, adj. (E). Warm. Example:
Okoke sun yaka "waum, — today is warm.
Waum illahee, — summer. Hyas waum,
— hot. Waum sick, cole sick, — fever
and ague.
Wawa, or wau-wau, v. n. (N). (Noot-
ka, mttinat, — wawe. — (Jibbs. Chinook,
— awawa. — Boas.) To talk; speak; call;
ask; tell; answer; enc^uire; declare; sa-
lue; announce; talk or conversation; con-
verse; apply; articulate; alle?e; assert;
blab; gab; chatter; communicate; argue;
gossip; demand; discuss; express; ex-
claim; hint; interrogate; lecture; men-
tion ;' narrate ; proclaim; profess; pro-
pose; question; relate; remark; report;
reauest; say; solicit; messasre; an anec-
dote; exclamation; oration; legend;
cLuestion; tale; sennon; speech; voice;
harangue; inauire; jabber; mutter; su^-
vlicate; declamation; mandate; narra-
tive; precept. Example: Ikta mi>a
wawa? — what did you say? Delate
wawa, — to promise; aver; a fact; truth.
Hiyu kloshe wawa, — cheer. Hiyu wawa,
— clamor; argument; much talk; to
argue; acclaim. Kilapie wawa, — to an-
.swer; reply, Kloshe wawa, — a proverb;
good talk. Kumtuks wawa, — to be elo-
n'lent. Mahsh wawa. — to order: to give
orders; command. (Also to disobey, i. e..
to throw away the talk as well as to
throw the talk at a person. — Eells.)
Fotlatch wawa, — to speak; make a
speech. Fotlatch skooknm wawa, — to
beg; beseech; boast; chide; demand; ex-
hort; plead; roar; shriek; rebuke; re-
prove; implore; exclaim; scold. Cultus
wawa, — idle talk; stuff; nonsense. Hyas
wauwau, — to shout; boast; talk loud;
loud talk. Wawa halo, — to deny; de-
cline; object; refuse. Wawa klimina-
whit, — to lie; tell a falsehood. Wawa
kloshe, — to bless; speak well"; recom-
mend. Wawa kloshe chako, — to invite;
call. Wawa kloshe wawa, — to eulogize;
bless. Wawa kopa, — to accost. Wawa
kopa Saghalie Tyee, — to pray; worshio;
invoke; prayer. Wawa kopet, — be still.
Wawa uawitka, — to acknowledge; allow;
assent; consent; permit.
Wayhut, Hwehkut, or Weehnt, — see
Ooakut.
Week, n. (E). A week. "It is steadily
taking the place of Sunday for week,
though I seldom heard it eighteen years
ago." — Eells.
Weght, adv. (C). (Chinook,-idem.)
Again; also; more. Ex.: Pe nika weght,
— and I too. Pahtlatsh weght, — give me
some more. Tenas weght, — a little more
yet. Weght nika klatawa, — again I will
go. Weght chako, — to reassemble.
Weght klatawa boat, (or ship), — to re-
embark. Weght klatawa Sagh-alie. — to
remount. Weght mamook tumtum, — to
reconsider.
Win'-a-pie, adv. (»). (Nootka; Nitti-
nat,-wilapi. ) By-and-bye; presently;
wait. Of local use; the Chinook "alki"
being more common.
Wind, or Win, n. (English,-idem).
Wind; breath; air; atmosphere. (The
winds are often known by the country
from which they blow; as, for instance,
on the Columbia, an easterly is a Walla-
walla wind; at the mouth of the river,
a southerly is a Tilamooks wind. &c.)
See Chinook wind. Breath, Examvle:
Salo wind, — out of breath; dead. Wind
yaka skookum alta, — the wind is very
strong now. Mahsh konoway yaka wind.
— to die; dead. Kitlite wind, — to be
alive; to have breath. . Wake siah mahsh
yaka wind, — almost dead. Wind chako,
to blow. Wind chako halo, — to stop
blowing,
Y
■yah'-ka, Ya'-ka, or Tok'-ka, pron. (C).
(Chinook,- Yaka.) He; his; him; she; it;
hers; its; him; her. (Anything pertain-
ing to tlie third person, singular num-
ber.) The word ya^a is aften used
somewhat tautologically, as, — Instead of
30
THE CHINOOK JARGON
saying, — Okoke kiutan t'tope, — the horse
(is) white, the expression would be, —
OlEoke kiutan yaka t'kope, — the horse, it
(is) white. This use of yaka is very
common. — Eells. Example: Yaka klata-
wa, — he has gone. Hanitch yaka, — see
him. Okoke yaka kuitaa, — that, is his
horse. Kopa yaka, — his; hers; its. Yaka
kniutnks muckamnck whiskey, — a drunli-
ard. Yaka self, — himself; herself; itself.
Yakas, — his; hers; its.
Yah'-wa, adv. (O). (CliiJiook,-Yawakh.)
There; thither; thence; beyond; in that
place; that side; that way; yonder. Ex-
ample: Yahwa yaka mitlite, — there he
is. Ikt yahwa, ikt yahwa, — apart. Wake
siah Yahwa, — thereabouts,
Yak'-so, n. (Chinook,-idem). (See tup-
so.) The hair of the head; hair g'ener-
ally. Example: Yaka yakso chako halo,
— his hair is all gone. (See tupso.)
(Tupso is used more than yakso. — Eells.)
(Other spellings: lakso, yaksoot.)
Ya-kwah'-tln, or Kwah'-tin, n. (Chi-
nook & Clatsop,-Yakwatin.) The helly;
the entrails; stomach; bosom. Example:
Yaka sick kopa yaka yakwahtin, — he has
the stomach ache. Xeekwulee yak'watin,
— entrails.
Yaub. (See Lejaub.)
Yi'-em, v., n. (S). Chihalis.-Yaiem.) A
story; tale; anecdote; to relate; to tell
a story; to confess to a priest; a story
or tale; to tattle; to preach.
Youtl, or Yutl, adj. (Quaere Chihalis,-
Eyutlh; Nisqually,- Juil. ) Glad; pleased;
proud; (of a horse), — spirited. Example:
Hyas youtl yakka tumtuan, — his heart is
very glad; he is much puffed up. "TJlthl
means proud, and ulticnt long, but they
are readily confounded with each other."
— Judge Swan.
Youtl'-kut, adj., n. (C). (Chinook,-
Yutlkut.) ^ong' (in dimension); length.
Example: Okoke stick hyas yontlkut.
Note. — "A friend of mine, who was about
leaving the Bay, wished to tell some In-
dians who were working for him that
if, on his return, he found they had be-
haved well, he should feel very proud of
them and glad, used the following: Ulti-
cut nika tumtum, or, my heart is long,
instead of ulthl nika tuztitum, or. my
heart is proud. 'He must have a funny
heart,' said the Indian ■rt'ho related it to
me. 'He says his heart is long; perhaps
it is like a mouse's tail.' " — Judge Swan.
Yout-skut, or Yutes'-kut, adj. (C).
(Chinook,-Yutskuta.) Short (in dimen-
sion).
Yuk'-wa, or Yah'-kwa, adv. (C). (Chi-
nook,- Yakwa. ) Here; hither; this side
of; this way. Example: Ynkwa kopa
okook house, — this side of that house.
Chako yukwa, — come here.
INDLX
Vocabulary Words
AhnlEuttle, formerly; ago,
Alki, soon.
Alta, now.
Ats, younger sister,
Huloima, other; another.
Enmiu;' bad odor.
Hnyliuy, exchange; bargain.
Hyak, swift; fast; hurry.
Hyas, great; very.
Eyiu, much.
Boat, boat.
Book, bool{.
Boston, American.
By-ty, by-and-by.
Canim, canoe.
Capo, coat.
Cliako, to come.
Chee, lately.
Chikamm, metal; money.
CUkcIilk, wagon.
Chinook, see (Chinook Indians).
Cbitsh, grandfather.
Chope, grandmother.
Chuck, water.
Cly, to cry.
Cole, cold; winter; year.
Cooley, to run.
Cosho, hog.
Court, court.
Cultus, worthless; nothing.
Delate, straight; direct; true.
Dly, dry.
Doctiu, doctor.
Bella, dollar; money,
Dutchman, German.
Blip, first; before.
Euati, across.
Get-up, rise; risen.
Qlease, grease.
Hahlakl, wide; open.
Halo, not; none.
Haul, to haul; pull.
Heehee, to laugh; laughter.
Help, to help.
Hoolhool, mouse.
House, house,
HuUel, to shake.
Ikpooie, to shut.
Ikt, one; once.
Iktah, what.
Iktas, things.
niahee, land.
Inapoo, louse.
Ipsoot, to hide.
Isick, a paddle.
Isknm, to take; receive.
Itloknm, the game of "hand,'
ItlwIlUe, flesh.
Itswoot, a bear.
Kah, where; whence; whither,
Kahkwa, like; similar to.
Kahpho, elder brother.
Xahta, how; why; what.
Kalitan, arrow; shot.
Kalakala, a bird.
Kamas, scilla esculenta.
Kamooks, a dog.
Kapswalla, to steal.
Katsuk, middle.
Kanpy, coffee.
Xeekwulee, low; below.
Kllapi, to turn; return; upset.
Kimta, behind; after.
Xing' Chautsh, English.
Klshkish, to drive.
Kinatau, a horse.
Klah, free; clear; in sight.
Klahanle, out of doors; out.
Xlahowya, the common salutation.
Xlahowyum, poor; wretched.
Xlahwa, slow ; slowly.
Klak, off; out; away.
Xlaksta, who? what one?
Klale, black.
Xlaska, they; their; them.
Klatawa, to go.
Kllmlnairhit, a lie.
Xlimmin, soft ; fine.
Xlip; deep.
Xliskwiss, mat.
Klonas, perhaps.
Klone, three.
Kloshe, good.
32
THE CHINOOK JAEGON
Kloshe-spose, shall or may I.
Klootclunaii, woman; female.
Ko, to reach; arrive at.
Kokshut, to break; broken.
Konaway, all; every.
Kopa, to; in; at; etc.
Kopet, to stop; leave off.
Ko-w, to tie; fasten.
Knll, hard.
Kullag'liau, a fence.
Kumtuks, to know.
Knnamokst, both.
Kunjih, how many.
KwaJinesuiu, always.
Kwahtah, a quarter.
Kwalst, nine.
Kwaun, glad.
Kwass, afraid.
Kwinnum, five.
Kwolan, the ear.
Iia boos, or JmSL push, mouth.
Iia caset, a box.
IVa cloa, a cross.
ImSl gome, pitch; gum.
Iia hasli, an axe.
JtaUTOf the arbutus uva ursi.
I^akit, or Iiokit, four.
IVa lahm, an oar.
la lang, the tongue.
^aly, time.
La messe, ceremony of the mass.
La metsiu, medicine.
Lanmiieli, or Lununieh, a,n old woman.
Ija mouti, a mountain.
Iia peep, a tobacco-pipe.
Iia pellali, roasted.
Iia plash, board.
Iia pome, apple.
La pote, door.
La tet, the head.
Law, law.
La wen, oats.
Le hal, ball.
Le .1aub, the devil.
Le kleh, key.
Le mah, hand.
Le mel, mule.
Le molo, wild.
Le mooto, sheep.
Le pee, foot.
Le plet, priest.
Le sak, bag.
Le whet, a whip.
Lice, rice.
Liver, river.
Llpllp, to boil.
Lolo, to carry.
Lowullo, round.
Lope, rope.
Lum, rum; whiskey.
M
Mahkook, to buy.
Mahsh, to sell; to leave.
Mahsie, thanks.
Mahtlinnie, off shore.
Maht'willie, in shore.
Mahlieh, to marry.
Mama, mother.
mamook, action; to work; to make; to do.
Man, man; male.
Ilelass, molasses.
Slemaloost, to die; dead.
Mesachie, bad.
Mesika, you; your; j'ours.
Mika, thou; thy; thine.
Sffimie, down stream.
Mitllte, to sit; remain; to be; have.
Mitwhit, to stand.
Slokst, two.
Moola, a mill.
Moolack, an elk.
Moon, moon; month.
Moosmoos, buffalo; cattle.
Moostim, to sleep; sleep.
Mcwitsh, a deer.
Muckamnck, food; to eat.
Musket, musket; gun.
Na, the interrogative particle.
Naha, a mother.
Nah, interj., look here!
Nanich, to see; look.
Nawitka, yes; certainly.
Nem, a name.
Nesika, we; us; our.
Newhah, here; come here.
Nika, I; me; my; mine.
Numerals,
Nose, the nose.
Okoke, this; that; it.
Olallle, berries.
Oleman, old man; old.
Olo, hungry.
Ooaknt, or Wayhut, road; way.
Opoots, tail.
Ow, younger brother.
Order of the words.
P
Fahtl, full.
Faint, paint.
Papa, father.
Fasese, blanket; woolen cloth.
Fasiooks, French; a Frenchman.
Fe, and; but.
Fehpah, paper.
Felton, a fool; insane.
Feshak, bad.
Fiah, fire.
Fil, red.
Filpil, blood.
Pish, flsh.
Fiupiu, to stink.
Poh, to bloy; a puff of breath.
Folaklie, night.
Folallie, gunpowder; sand.
Foo, the sound of a gun.
Fotlatch, a sift; to give.
Fukpuk, a blow with the fist.
Pusspuss, cat.
S
Sag'halie, above; up.
AND HOW TO USB IT.
33
Sail, sail; cloth; flag.
Sakoleks, trousers.
Sallal, the sallal berry.
Salmon, salmon; flsh.
Salt, salt.
Sapolill, wheat; flour.
Seatahost, face; eyes.
Bealipo, hat.
Self, self.
Sbame, shame.
SUantie, to sing.
Ship, ship.
Shoes, shoes. .
Shot, shot.
Shusrah, sugar.
Siah, far.
Siaiu, the grizzly bear.
Sick, sick.
Sikhs, a friend.
Slnamokst, seven.
Siskiyou, a bob-tailed horse.
Sitkujn, half; part.
Siwash, Indian.
Skin, skin.
Skookum, strong.
Slahal, a game; to gamble.
Snass, rain.
SoUeks, angry; anger.
Sopena, to jump.
Spose, suppose; if.
Stick, stick; wood.
Stocken, stocking.
Stoh, loose; to untie.
Stone, stone.
Stotekin, eight.
Stutchun, sturgeon.
Snn, sun: day.
Sunday, Sunday; week.
Tag'hum, six.
Tahlkie, yesterday.
Tahtlum, ten.
Talapns, coyote; prairie wolf.
Tamahnous, magic; the spirits.
Tamolitsh, barrel; tub.
Tanse, dance.
Tatoosh, milk; breast.
Teahwit, leg; foot.
Tenas, small; few; little.
Thousand, thousand.
Tikeg-h, to want; to love.
Tiktlk, a watch.
Tillkum, people; relations.
Till, tired; heavy.
Tintln, bell; o'clock.
T'kope, white.
Tl'kope, to cut.
Toh, spitting.
Tolo, to earn; gain.
Tomolla, tomorrow.
Totoosh, see tatoosh.
Towag-h, bright, shining.
Tsee, sweet.
Tseepie, to mistake.
Tsiatko, a nocturnal demon.
Tsiktsik, see chik chik.
Tsug'h, a crack, or split.
Tukamonuk, hundred.
Tnmtum, the heart; will; mind.
Tumwata, water fall.
Tupsshin, needle.
Tnpso, grass.
Tyee, chief.
Tzum, spots; writing.
W
Wagh, to pour out; to vomit.
Wake, no; not.
Wapatoo, potato.
Wash, to wash.
Vashtng-ton, Washington.
Wanui, warm.
Wawa, to talk.
Wayhut, see ooakut.
Week, a week.
Weffht, again; also; more.
Wluaple, soon; presently.
Wind, wind; breath; life.
Y
Yahka, he; she; it; his; etc.
Yahwa, there; thence.
Vakso, hair.
Yakwahtin, entrails.
Yiem, a story; to relate.
Youtl, proud: pleased.
Youtlkut, long.
Youtsknt, short.
Yukwa, here.
5UPPLLMLNTAL VOCABULARY
Less Familiar Words — Not Strictly Jargon — or of Only Local Use
AV-lia, (?), well then.
Ad-de-dah', (S), exclamation of pain,
sorrow, surprise.
Ali-ha, (C), yes.
Al-ah, (J), expression of surprise.
A-mo'-ta, (C), strawberry.
An-a'h, (J), exclamation of pain or dis-
pleasure; ah! oh! fle!
Ats, (C), a sister younger than the
speaker.
A-yah'-whul, (S), to lend; to borrow.
B
Be'-be, (F), a kiss; to kiss.
Bit, (E), a dime, or shilling.
Bloom, (E), broom.
Bnr-dasli, (Canadian F), an hermaphro-
dite.
Cal'-ll-peen, (F), a rifle.
Chak-chak, (C), the bald eagle.
Chet'-lo, (S), oyster.
Cliet-woot, (S), black bear.
Cliil-cliil, or Tsll-tBil, (C), buttons; the
stars.
Chitsh, (S), a grandmother.
Chope, (S), a grandfather.
Cho'-tub, (S), flea.
Cliuk-kin, (S), to kick.
Comb, (E), a comb.
Coop'-coop, (C), small dentalium, or
shell money.
Cou-Iee, (F), a valley.
Be'-na, (C), beaver.
Ek-kah-uam, (C), tale; story.
Ek-ko-11, (C), whale.
Bk'-keb, (C), brother-in-law.
B'-la-ban, (S), aid; assistance; alms.
E-li'te, (C), a slave.
E-saltTi, or "ye-salt'h, (Wasco.), Indian
corn; maize.
Eyeli, (N), yes.
H
Haht-haUt, (S), the mallard duck.
Hoh-bob, (J), to cough.
Ho-ku-melb, (S), to gather; glean.
Kool-bool, (C), a mouse.
Kowh, (J), turn to; hurry; ho!
How'-kwutl, (C), inability; unable.
HuHl'-kili, (C), Crooked; knotted; curled.
Hwah, (J), surprise; admiration; earn-
estness.
Hy'-kwa, (N), shell money; large den-
talium.
Ik'-lk, (C), fish hook.
It'-lan, (C), a fathom.
Kab-de-na, (C), to fight.
Kab'-kab, (J), a crow.
Xab'-na-way, (C), acorns.
Kabp-bo, (C), an elder brother, sister, or
cousin.
Kal-ak-a-lab'-ma, (C), a goose.
Kal-a-fcwab'-tie, (C), inner bark of the
cedar; woman's petticoat of bark.
Ka-mo'-suk, (C), beads.
Ka-wa'k, (S), to fly.
Kaw-ka-wak, (C), yellow or pale green.
Keep'-wot, (C), needle; pin; thorn; sting
of an insect.
Keb -loke, or Kaloke, (C), a swan.
Keb'-see, (C), an apron.
Keb-wa, (?), because.
Kes'-cbl, (C), notwithstanding; al-
though.
Ket-ling-, (E), kettle; can; basin.
Kil-it'-sut, (C), flint; bottle; glass.
Kinnl-kmnik, smoking weed (mixture).
See note under 'Tatoosb, main vocabu-
lary.
Si'-nootl, (C), tobacco; smoking.
Ki'-wa, (Wasco), crooked.
Ki'-yab, (S), entrails.
Klak'-wtm, (S), to wipe, or lick.
Kla'-pite, (C), thread; twine.
Kla-wbop, (C), a hole.
Klem'-a-bun, (S), to stab, wound, spear.
KlUt, or XlUe, (C), sour; bitter.
Klik'-a-muks, (C), blackberries.
Klik'-wal-lie, (C), brass wire; brass arm-
let.
Elob-klob, (C), oysters. See chetlo.
Klook, (B), crooked.
Klub, or Klngrb, (C), to tear; to plow.
Kluk-tOb', (C), broad, or wide, as of a
plank.
Ko'-ko, (J), to knock.
Ko'-ko-stlck, (J), (knock-tree), wood-
pecker.
Koo'sab, (C), sky.
Kusb'-is, (S), stockings.
Kwab-nlce, or Kwad-ais, (Klikitat),
whale.
Kwa-lal-kwa-lal, (C), to gallop.
Kwal'b, (S), an aunt.
Kwates, (S), sour; bitter: not pleased.
Kweb-kweb, (J), a mallard duck.
Kwek-wi-ens, (S), a pin.
Kweo-kweo, (C), a ring; a circle.
Kwetlb, (S), proud.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
35
KwlBh, (?), exclamation of refusal.
Kwit-Bliad-le, (S), hare; rabbit.
Kwulh, or kwiilt'li, (C), to hit, strike, or
wound, (without cutting).
Kwun'-nun, (S), counting; numbers.
Xwutl, (C), literally, fast; to push or
squeeze.
Ka-lJleed, (F), a bridle.
I^a-boo-tl, (P), bottle.
Iia-ca-lat, (P), carrot.
tag'h, (C), to tip; to lean; to stoop; to
bend over.
iMa-gvriu', (?), a saw.
la'-kles, (P), fat; oil; grease.
ia-lab', (C), to cheat, trick; joke with.
la-leem', (P), a file.
ta-pehsli, (F), a pole.
La-pelle', (F), a shovel or spade.
ia-pe-osh', (F), a mattock or hoe.
Iia-pieg-e, (F), a trap.
ba-po-el', (P), a frying pan, (a stove. —
Hale.)
la-pool', (F), fowl; poultry.
la-poo-shet', (F), fork.
la-sanjel, (F), girth, sash, belt.
Iia-see, (P), a saw.
lia-sell', (P), saddle.
£a'-slial-loo, (F), plough.
JVa-shan'-del, (P), a candle.
I^a-sliase, (P), chair.
La-sben', (F), a chain.
I^s-siet, (P), a plate.
Iia-sway, (P), silk, silken.
La-tahb, (F), table.
la-tlah', (F), noise.
£a-west', (F), waist-coat. vest.
le-bah-do, or Zia-ba-do, (F), a shingle.
le Ijis'-kwie, (F), biscuit, crackers, hard
bread.
£e-BIau', (P), a sorrel horse; chestnut
colored.
le-cleon', (F), cream-colored.
I>e-cock', (F), a cock; a fowl.
te-aoo', (P), finger.
I^e-g-ley, (F & E), a gray horse; gray.
£ie-kloo', (P), nail; nails.
Lie-koo', (F), neck.
le-iy'e, (?), spot; spotted; a piebald
horse.
£e-lo'-ba, (F), ribbon.
Iie-loo', (F), wolf.
I^e-mali-to, (P), hamrrier.
le-pan', (P), bread.
le-pish'-e-iuo, saddle-blanket or hous-
ing. (See note under Tatoosh, main
vocabulary.)
I«-pwan, (F), peas.
£e-sap', (P), egg; eggs.
le- see-Mo, (P), spurs.
I^e-see'-zo, (P), scissors.
te-sook, (P), sugar.
le-tah', (P), the teeth.
Iiik-pu'-liu, (?), a sister; an elder sister.
Ijuk'-ut-cliee, (?P), clams.
mah-Ue, (S), to
M
forget.
Iila-lali, (C), tin ware, earthenware,
dishes.
Mel-a-kwa, (F), a mosquito.
Mlst-clii'-mas, (?), slave.
Mit-ass, leggings. (See note under Ta-
toosh, main vocabulary.)
Moo'-lock, (C), an elk.
Na-ha, or Na-ah, (C), a mother.
ITan'-lts, (S), ofC shore; on the stream, —
Hale. The sea-beach. — Anderson.
Ne-nam-ookB, (C), the land otter.
O'-la-pits-H, (C), fire.
Ol'-hy-lu, (C), a seal.
O'-luk, (S), a snake.
C-na, (C), razor fish or solen; clams.
Oos'-kan, (C), a cup; a bowl.
O'-pe-kwan, (C), basket; can; tin kettle.
O'-pitl-kegh, (C), bow.
O'-pit-sali, (C), knife, razor, sword.
Ote-lagpli, (C), the sun.
Fchili, orPIt-cliili, (?), Thin, as of a
board.
Pe-clxug'li, (C), green.
Pe-wliat'-tle, (C), thin, slight, flamsy.
Pit-mh', (?), thick, as. molasses.
Poo'-lle, (F), rotten.
Pow'-itsh, (C), crab-apple.
S
San-de-lie, (P), roan colored; a. roan
horse, ash colored. — Anderson.
She-lok'-um, (C), looking-glass; glass.
Shug-li, (C), a rattle.
Shugh-opoots, (C), a rattle-snake.
Shut, (E), a shirt.
Sbwah-kuk, (S), a frog.
Si'-pab, (Wasco), straight, like a ram-
rod.
Sis'-W-you, a bob-tailed horse. (See note
under Tatoosh, main vocabulary.)
Slt'-lay, (F), stirrups. •
Sit'-shiuiL, (S), to swim.
Skwak'-wal, (S), a lamprey eel.
Skwls'-kwis, (C), a squirrel.
Smet'-ocks, (S), the large clam.
Smoke, (E), smoke, clouds, fog, steam.
Soap, (E), soap.
So-le'-mle, (C), the cranberry.
Spo'-oh, (C), faded; any light color.
Spoon, (E), a spoon.
Snk-wal'-al, (C), a gun or musket.
Tah-nim, (S), to measure.
Teh-teh, (C), to trot, as a horse.
Te-peh, (C), quill, wing.
Tlk'-tik, (onoma), a watch.
TU'-l-kiun-ma-ma, (C), a father.
Toke-tle, (Kalapuya), pretty.
To'-luk8, (Clallam), the mussel.
36
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Tot, (S), uncle.
To'-to, (onoma, C), to shake, sift, win-
now.
To-wag-h', (C), bright; shining; light.
Tshl'-ke, (?), directly, soon.
Tshis, (C), cold.
Tsish, (onoma). In imitation of the
sound of a grindstone.
Tsole-pat, (Klickitat), a shot-pouch.
Tbo'-Io, (Kalapuya), to wander; to lose
the way.
Tuk'-wil-la, (Kalapuya), nuts; the hazel
nut.
W
Wa'-lci, (C), to-morrow.
WMm, (Wasco), to fell;
wrestling.
to throw, in
Yah'-hul, (C), a name.
Yah'-kis-ilt'li, (C), sharp, cutting.
Note— The letters (C), (E), (P), (N),
and (S), refer to the derivation of
words, and signify Chinook, English,
French, Nootka, and Salish. (See ex-
planatory notes.) Words marked (J.)
or (onoma.) are considered to be the
peculiar property of the Jargon, as
having been formed either in imita-
tion of sounds or by some casual in-
vention. (Gibbs, Hale, Chamberlain,
Boas, Shaw, Anderson, Pandosy, Cook,
Jewitt, Tolmie, Dawson, St. Onge,
Scouler, Eells, Walker, Gard, — author-
ities.) See Pronouncing Vocabulary.
GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION
KEY TO THL 5YMBOL5
The pronunciation Is indicated by the simple system of respelling which is
used in Webster's International Dictionary. It employs the diacritieally marked
letters familiar in the schoolbooks of the country. "The defects of the English
orthography are well known, but, under the circumstances, we have no choice but
to follow it, making up for its deficiencies by the necessary explanations. In the
phonetics of the language one point is specially interesting, both as illustrating the
usual result of the fusion of two or more languages, and as showing one of the
laws which must govern the formation of any international speech. As the Jargon
Is to be spoken by Englishmen and Frenchmen, and by Indians of at least a dozen
tribes, so as to be alike easy and intelligible to all, it must admit no sound which
cannot be readily pronounced by all. The numerous harsh Indian gutturals either
disappear entirely, or are softened to li and k. On the other hand, the d, f, g, r, v, z>
of the Etiglish and French become in the mouth of a Chinook t, p, k, 1, w, and a.
The English j (dzh) is changed to ch (tsh) ; the French nasal n is dropped, or is
retained without its nasal sound." — Hale. Authority used, Eells.
a, as in fai-, father i;
a, as in what, not g
a, as in hat, man ^
a, as in law, all, lord a
a, as in mate 5
e, as in met, then p
e, as in meet -
e, as in they (a, as in mate) a
i, as in pin Y
i, as in pine, aisle t
i, as in pique (e, as in meet) f
0, as in not f!
o, as in note o
o, as in do, prove, tomb; — with the sound the same as oo o
GO, as in moon, food, fool oo
u, as in rule oo
u, as in pull, bull, full, put u
u, as in but .'
oi, as in boil oi
ou, as in out _ ou
sh, as in shall sh
th, as in thin th
th, as in then th
g, as in gig _ g
g, as in gem g
ng, as in sing, singer ng
wh, as in when hw
ch, as in church ch
PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
ABBA, ab-ba.
ADDEDAH, a-dT-da.
AHHA, aha.
AHNKUTTIE, an-kiit-tT.
ALKI, al-k"
ALTA, aKta.
ATS, ats.
BEBE, be^.
BUBDASH, bu^dash.
CALIPEEN, kSl-ii-pgn?
CANIM, ka-uTm?
CAPO, ka-po:'
CHAKCHAK, chak'chak.
CHAKO, chii^o.
CHEE, cliE.
CHETLO,
chgf-lo
or
CHETWOOT, chet-woot.
CHIKAMIN, chTk-a-mTn.
CHIKCHIK,
chTk^chtk
and
tsTk^tsYk.
CHILCHIL,
chTl-chTl
and
tsTl-tsTI.
CHINOOK,
cliTn-ook
or
tsYn-uk.
CHOTUB, chS-'tiib.
CHUCK, ohuk.
CLY, Kit
COLE, kt!l.
COMB, kCm.
COOLEY, ko^lT.
COOPCOOP'' kpp-kflp.
COSHO, ko-shiJ!
COURT, ks-ut.
CULTUS, kiil-tus.
DELATE, de-lat.'
DLY, d».
DOCTIN, d8if-tTii.
DOLLA, d81-ia.
DUTCHMAN, dfich-man.
EENA, E-'na.
BLIP, s'-itp.
ELITE, e-Ii-'tT.
ENATI, 6n^a-tt
HAHLAKL, ha^lakl.
HAHTHAHT, hat-hat.
HAKATSHUM, hak-at-shura.
HALO, h3-1t!.
HAUL, hfll.
HEEHEE, hE-'he.
HIYU,
HYIU,
ht-u.'
HOHHOH, hohliBh.
HOOLHOOL, bp.l-hql.
HULOIMA, hai-oi-ma.
HUYHUY, hq'T-hsj-t.
HYAK, ht-ak.'
HYAS, ht-as.'
HYKWA, ht-kwa.
IKPOOIE, tk-p^T.
IKT, Ikt.
IKTA, tk'ta.
IKTAS, tk^taz.
ILLAHEE, Tl-la-hE.
INAPOO, Tn'-a-po.
IPSOOT, tp^sfit."
ISICK, l-s'-tk.
ISKUM, ts^kSm.
ITLAN, Tt-'lan.
ITLOKUM, Tt<I5-kam.
ITSWOOT, rts^wflt.
ITCHWOOT, ftch-wfit
KAH, ka.
KAHKAH, kS-kH.
KAHKWA,
ka-kw^
kwa-iwa.
KAHNAWAY, kS-'na-wS.
KAHPO, k^ipio.
TO USE IT.
39
KAHTA, ka-'ta-.
KALAKALA,
k9-19k-a-la,
kfii-mk-a-ia,
kul^la-kiil-la.
KALAKALAHMA, ka-lak-a-
la-ma.
KALITAN,
ka-lT^tJtn,
ka-li-'a-tan.
KAMASS,
k'am-as,
lak-ara-'ds.
KAMOOKS, kS-mooks.
KAMOSUK, ka-mb-sfik.
KAPSWALLA, kap-sw81-la*.
KAUPy, ka^pt.
KEEKWULEE, kS^wu-lt
KFLAPI, kfl^a-pt
KIMTA, kTm-ta.
KING GEORGE, KTng Gag.
KINNYKINICK, kTri^t-kfn-tk.
KINOOTL, kf-'fiootl.
KIWA, kt-'wii.
KIYAH, kt/ya.
KLAH, kla.
KLAHANIE, kla-ha-rif.
KLAHOWYA, klS-how-ya.
KLAHOWYUM, kl3-how-yuin.
KLAHWA, kla-wS.
KLAK, klak.
KLAKSTA, kiaL-ta.
KLALE, klal.
KLAP, klgp.
KLAPITE, kla-pit.
KLASKA, kias'-ka.
KLATAWA, kiaia-wfl.
KLAWHOP, kla-hw8p.
KLEMAHUN, kl6m-a-hiin.
KLIKAMUKS, kllk-'a-muks.
KLILT, kltlt.
KLIMINAWHIT, klT-mTif-a-
hwTt.
KLIMMIN, kltin-rn.
KLIP, kltp.
KLISKWIS, kirs-kwTs.
KLOHKLOH, klo-klo.
KLONAS, kliS-nSs.
KLONE, klon.
KLOOK,,kl<rok.
KLOOTCHMAN, klflSt^h-mSn.
KLOSHE, klosh.
KO. kq.
KOKSHUT, kSk'shut.
KONAWAY, kSn-a-wa.
KOOSAH, k5B4a.
KOPET, ko-pTf.
KUITAN,
KIUATAN,
ku-H-tAn.
KULL, kSl.
KULLAGHAN, kfil-ia-han.
KUMTUKS, kW-tuks.
KUNAMOKST, kun'-S-mSkst.
KUNJIH, kSn-jr.
KUNSIH, kSn'-sT.
KWAHTA, kw/-ta.
KWASS, kwos."
KWATES, kwSts.
KWEEST, kwest.
KWAIST, kw^st.
KWEHKWEH, kw^-kwS
KWINNUM, kwTn-Sm.
KWOLAN, kw5-ian.
KWUNNUM, kwun-tim.
LA BOOS,
LA PUSH,
la-pfl^.
LA CASSET, m-ka-s?t.
LA CLOA, la-klo^a.
LA GOME, la-gSin.
LA HASH, la-hSsh^
LAKIT, lok-Tt.
LA LAHM, la-Iam'
LA-LANG, IS-lSng.
LALY, la-lT.
LA METSIN, la-rngt-sTn.
LA MONTI, la-mgn-tT.
LA PEA, la-pe-a.
LA PEEP, la-pep.'
LA PLASH, la-plSsh.
LA POME, la-pSm!
LA POTE, la-pm.
LA TET, la-tSt^
LAW, la-
LA WEEN, la-wen.
40
THE CHINOOK JARGOM
LE BAL, IT-bgl.
LE BLAU, Ig-bla.'
LE COCK, IS-kBt.
LE JAUB, le-gab.
LE KLEH, IS-kle/
LE MAH, le-lna.
LE MEL, le-mel.
LE MOOL, le-mool.
LE MOLD, Ig-mo-lo.
LE MOOTO, le-miJo-to.
LE PLET, ir-pl?t.
LE PWAU, rr-pwa.
LE SAK, ir-sak/ "
LE WHET, le-hwef.
LA WHIP, la-hwYp.
LICE, Its.
LIPLIP, ITp-ltp.
LIVER, ITv-'a.
LOCKIT, see Lakit.
LO LO, lo-m.
LOPE, lop.
LUMMIEH, lurn-mY-u.
MAHKOOK, ma-kuk.
MAHSH, miish.
MALIEH, ma1--r-u.
MAMA, nfa-ma.
MAMOOK, ma-muk.
MESACHIE, me-sSch-t
MESIKA, me-sT-'ita.
MIKA, mt-ka.
MIMALOOSE, mim-a-loos.
MITLITE, mTt-ltt,
MITWHIT, nJt-whTt.
MOKST, mSSkst.
MOOLACK, moo^luk.
MUCKAMUCK, mult-a-muk.
NA, na.
NAH, n3.
NAHA, Da-ha.
NANITCH,nan'rch.
NAWITKA, na-wTt-ka.
NESIKA, ne-sT-ka.
NIKA, nt-'ka.
OKOKE, sisk.
.OLALLIE, o-la1-T.
OLEMAN,
Cl-man.
5-lT-man.
OLO, o^lo.
OOAKUT,
WAYHUT,
oo-a-kiit.
OPOOTS, o-'poots.
PAHTL, patl.
PAHTLUM, pat-Ium.
PAPA, pa-pa.
PAPAH, pa'pa.
PASEESIE, pa-s'e-sT.
PASIOOKS, pa-^-ooks,
PE, pe,
PELTON, pSl'tun.
PI AH, pt-a.
PJL, pTl.
PILPIL, ptl'ptl.
PISH, pTsh. ^ ^
PIUPIU, pe-u-pe-5.
PUSSPUSS, pTs'h-pTsli.
POH, pC.
POLAKLIE, pS-liik-lT,
POLALLIE, po-'iai-T.
POTLATCH, pSt^lach.
PUKPUK, puk-piik.
SAGHALIE, sSh-ha-lT.
SAKOLLEKS, sa-ku1-«ks.
SALLAL, sSI-al^
SALMON, sam-un.
SAPOLIL, Ba'p-5-m.
SEAHHOST, se-a-h5st.
SEAHPO, s5-a-p5.
SHUGA, shu%a,
SIAH, st-a.''
SIKHS, stks.
SHIKHS, shlks.
SINAliOKST, st/a-mokst.
SISKIYOU, sTs'-kT-yoo.
SISTER, sYs-tfi.
SIWASH, sT-w8sh.
SKOOKUM, skoo-kuiii.
SLAHAL, sla-lial
SNASS, sn5s.
SNOW, SD5.
SOLLEKS, sfif-luks.
SOPENA, s5-p5-na.
SPOSE, spoz.
STOCKEN, stbign,
STOTEKIN, stot-kTn.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
41
STUTCHUN, stuA-nn.
TAGHUM, ta-hum.
TAHLKIE, t;Si-kT.
TAHTLUM, t8t^l«m.
TAMAHNOUS, ta-ma-no-ns.
TAMOLITSH, ta-mo-lTch.
TANSE, tans.
TENAS, tgiT-as.
THOUSAND, tho4-zand.
TIKEGH, ttt-r.
TIKTIK, tnZ-tTk.
TILIKUM, ttl^a-kilm.
TILL, ffl.
TINTIN, tTn-tYn.
T'KOPE, T'kSp.
TL'KOPE, TI'kBp.
TOMOLLA, t5-<6oI-la.
TOTOOSH,
TATOOSH,
too-toosh.
TSEEPIE, tse^r.
TSOLO, tiss-so-lo.
TUKAMONUK, tiik-a-mo-nuk.
TUMTUM, tum'tffm.
TUMWATA, tiim-wa-tu.
TUPSO, tu'p-sS.
TYEE, Vt-S/
TZUM, tzum.
WAKE, w5k.
WAPATO, wap^a-to.
WAUM, w.gm.
WAWA, waVa-
■WAYHUT,"see Ooakut.
WEGHT, wekt.
WHIM, hwTm.
WHISKEY, hwYs-kV.
WINAPIE, wtn^a-pr
YAHWA, ya-wa.
YAHKA, yaia.
YAKA, ya-kii.
YAKSO, yak-'so.
YAKWAHTIN, ya-kwa-ffn.
YOUTL, yotl.
YOUTLKUT, yotl'kut.
YUKWA, yuk-Va.
YAHKWA, ya-kwa.
Note — "With the spelling in use I have
learned that it is useless for any person
who has not heard a Chinook word used,
to try to give its pronunciation. The
accented syllable Is marked. It must
not be supposed, however, that the pro-
nunciation I have given Is the only cor-
rect one; as already stated, there are
often different ways of pronouncing the
same word in different localities. The
other authors use the letters much as
they are used in English, which really
means that their sounds, especially those
of the vowels, cannot be easily under-
stood until the person hears them sound-
ed by some one who understands their
pronunciation." Autbority; Myron
Eells, D. D. See note under Kalakala,
main vocabulary. — Hale.
LNGL15H--CHINOOK
Abase, mamook keekwulee.
Abdomen, yakwahtip; kwahtin.
Abed, kopa bed.
Abide, mitlite.
Abject, cultus
Able, skookum.
Aboard, kopa boat, (or ship or canim).
Abolisli, mamook halo.
Aborigines, siwash.
Abound, hiyu mitlite.
About, wake siah kopa.
Above, saghalie.
Abroad, klahanle.
Abscond, kapswalla klatawa; ipsoot klat-
awa.
Absent, halo mitlite.
Absolve, mamook stoh; mamook mahsh.
Absurd, pelton; wake delate.
Accept, iskum.
Accident, nika tumtum halo yaka chako
kahkwa.
Accompany, klatawa kunamokst; chako
kunamokst.
Accomplice, yaka mamook mesachie
kunamokst.
Accomplish, mamook.
According' to, kopa
Accumulate, iskum hiyu.
Accurate, delate.
Acbleve, mamook.
Acknowledg*e, wawa nawitka.
Acorns, kahnaway.
Acquaint, mamook kumtuks.
AccLUire, iskum.
Across, enati; inatl.
Act, Action, mamook.
Active, delate halo lazy.
Add, mahsh kunamokst.
Adjoin, wake siah kopa.
Admiration, hwah.
Admire, mitlite kloshe tumtum kopa.
Admonish, potlatch kloshe wawa.
Adore, mitlite delate kloshe tumtum
kopa; atole.
Adorn, mamook kloshe.
Adrift, cultus mitlite kopa chuck.
Adulterate, mamook mesachie; mahsh
mesachie kunamokst.
Adulterer, man yaka kumtuks kapswalla
klootchman.
Adnltress, klootchman yaka kumtuks
kapswalla man.
Advice, Advise, cultus potlatch tumtum.
Afar, siah.
Affable, kloshe.
Affirm, wawa delate.
Afflict, mamook trouble; mamook sick
tumtum.
Afoot, kopa lapea.
Afraid, kwass.
After, Afterwards, kimta.
Agtiin, weght.
Ag'ed, oleman.
Ag°gressor, yaka mamook mesachie elip.
AgT'ee, tumtum kunamokst.
Agriculture, mamook illahee.
Agrriculturist, illahee man.
Aground, kopa illahee.
Ague, colesick.
Ah! (Admiration), wah! hah!
Ah! (In pain), anah.
Ahead, elip.
Aid, Help, elan.
Alarm, mamook kwass.
Alike, kahkwa.
Alive, mitlite wind.
All, konaway.
Almig'hty, the, Saghalie tyee.
Almost, wake siah.
Alms, elahan, elann.
Alms, to give, mamook klahowiam, or
klahowya; potlatch dolla.
Aloft, kopa saghalie.
Alone, kopet ikt.
Also, weght.
Alter, mamook huloima.
Althoug'h, keschi.
Always, kwahnesum.
Am, mitlite is sometimes used; some-
times no word is used.
Amass, isskum hiyu.
Ambigiious, mokst wawa.
Ambition, hyas tikegh.
Amen, kloshe kahkwa.
American, Boston.
Amid, Among*, kunamokst; katsuk.
Amount, konoway.
Amuse, mamook heehee.
Amusement, heehee.
Ancient, hyas ahnkuttie.
And, pee; pe.
Anew, chee.
Ang'el, lesash; tamahnous.
Angrer, Angry, solleks.
Angler, pish man.
Annual, ikt cole ikt cole.
Another, huloima.
Answer, kilapie wawa.
Antediluvian, elip kopa hyas chuck kopa
Noah yaka time.
Anticipate, mamook tumtum elip.
Anas, opoots.
Anxious, hyas tikegh.
Any, klaksta.
Apart, ikt yahwa, ikt yahwa.
Apostle, leplet.
Appeal, wawa kopa elip hyas court.
Appear, chako kah (nika) nanitch.
Apple, lepome; apple.
Apply, (if in words) wawa; (if of things)
mahsh.
Approve, (nika) tumtum kahkwa.
Approach, chako wake siah.
Apron, kehsu; kisu.
Arbutus uva ursi, lahb.
Archangel, tyee lesash.
Archbishop, tyee leplet.
Archfiend, tyee kopa mesachie; tyee
AND HOW TO USE IT.
43
skookum.
Archipelag'o, kah hlyu ailand mltlite.
Arctic, kah delate hiyu cole mitlite.
Ardent, waum tumtum.
Axgne, hlyu wawa.
Arise, mitwit; get up.
Arithmetic, hook yaka mamook kumtuks
nesika kopa kwunnum ; mamook tzum.
Arm, (n.) lemah; (v.) iskum musket;
potlatch musket,
Arm.y, hiyu sojers.
Around, wake slah kopa.
Arouse, mamook get up.
Arrest, mamook haul; mamook kow.
Arrive, Arrive at, ko; chako; Map.
Arrow, kalitan; stick kalitan.
Ascend, klatawa saghalie.
Ash, isick stick.
Ask, wawa.
Asleep, moosum.
Assault, pight.
Assemtile, cheiko kunamokst.
AS, kahkwa.
AS if, kahkwa spose.
Assent, wawa, nawitka.
Assess, mamook tzum iktas.
Assessor, tyee kopa mamook tzum illahee
Assistance, elahan; help.
At, kopa.
Atheist, man yaka wawa halo saghalie
tyee mitlite.
Attack, pight elip.
Attend, klatawa.
Attire, iktas.
Auhum, sitkum klale; sitkum pil.
Audacious, skookum tumtum.
Audience, hlyu tillikums kopa house.
Argument, mamook hiyu; mamook hyas.
Aunt, kwalh; papa or mama yaka ats;
tant; aunt.
Authentic, delate.
Autumn, tenas cole illahe.
Avaunt, klatawa.
Aver, wawa delate.
Averse, halo tikegh.
Avidity, hyas tikegh.
Avoid, klatawa kopa huloima ooahut.
Awake, halo moosum; halo sleep.
Away, siah.
Awe, kwass.
Awl, shoes keepwot, or kipuet.
Axe, lahash.
Aye, nawitka.
B
Baby, tenas.
Bad, mesahchie; peshuk.
Cultus.
Bad Spirit, mesachie tumtum (if in a
person); mesachie tamahnous (if an-
other spirit).
Bag', lesak.
Ball, lebal.
Bargain, mahkook; huyhuy.
Bark, stickskin.
Barley, lashey; lareh.
Barrel, tamolitsh.
Basin, ketling.
Basket, opekwan; basket.
Bat, polakle kulakula.
Battle, pight.
Bath, mamook wash.
Be, sometimes mitlite is used, and some-
times no word is used.
Be Still, kopet wawa.
Beach, polalle illahe; nauits.
Beads, kamosuk.
Bear (hlack), itchwoot; chetwoot; its-
woot.
Bear (grizzly), siam itchwoot.
Bear, (v.) lolo.
Beard, tupso or yakso kopa seahost.
Bearer, man yaka kumtulcs lolo.
Beat, to, kokshut; mamook kokshut.
Beautiful, kloshe.
Beaver, eena.
Becalm, halo wind.
Because, kahkwa; kehwa.
Become, to, chakko.
Become hard, chahko kull. (For other
connections of become see chako, in
Chinook, English part).
Bed, bed.
Bed Quilt, tzum pasessie.
Beef, itlwillie.
Before, elip.
Beg', skookum wawa.
Begin, chee mamook; mamook elip.
Begone, klatawa.
Behave, mamook kloshe.
Behind, kimta.
Behold, nah; nanitch.
Believe, iskum wawa; iskum kopa tum-
tum.
Bell, tintin; dingding; (ring the bell,
mamook tintin).
Beloved, kloshe; kloshe kopa tumtum.
Belle, kloshe tenas klootchman.
Belly, yakwahtin.
Below, keekwulee.
Belt, lasanjel.
Beneath, keekwulee.
Benefit (v.), mamook kloshe.
Berries, olallie; olillie.
Beside, Besides, kunamokst.
Best, elip kloshe kopa konoway.
Better, elip kloshe.
Between, kunamokst; katsuk; potsuk.
Beyond, yahwa.
Bible, saghalie tyee yaka book.
Big, hyas.
Bird, kallakala; kulakula.
Biscuit, lebiskwee, or labisquee.
Bit, or dime, bit.
Bite, muckamuck.
Bitter, klihl, or klile; mesachie.
Black, klale.
Blackberries, klale olallie; klikamuks.
Blackbirds, klale tenas kalakala.
Blackfish, kahkwa klale.
Blanket, paseesie.
Bleed, mamook pilpil.
Bless, wawa kloshe wawa.
Blessing, kloshe wawa.
Blind, halo seahost; halo nanitch.
Blood, pilpil.
Blow, (v.) wind chako; hiyu wind.
Blow out, mamook poh.
Blue (light), spooh.
Blue (dark), klale.
44
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Blnnaer, to, tseepie.
Blush, chako pil kopa yaka seahost.
Boar, man cosho.
Board, la plash.
Boast, hyas wawa; skookum wawa.
Boat, boat.
Bolitailed (a bob-tailed horse), sisklyou.
Boil, to, (v.) liplip; mamook liplip.
Bold, Boldness, skookum tumtum; halo
kwass.
Bone, stone.
Boots, stick shoes.
Bore, to, mamook thalwhop; mamook
hole.
Borrow, to, ayahwhul; iskum doUa; alki
pay.
Bosom (female), totoosh; yakwahtm.
Boss, tyee.
Both, kunamoxt; mokst.
Bottle, labooti; labotai.
Bow, opitlkegh; stick musket.
Bow (of boat), nose.
Bowl, ooskan; uskan.
Box, la casett; la kassett.
Boy, tenas man.
Bracelet, klikwallie; kweokweo.
Brass, pil chikamin; klikwallie.
Brave, skookum tumtum.
Bread, le pan; sapolil; piah sappolil.
Break, to, kokshut; mamook kokshut;
mamook klimmin.
Breakfast, muckamuck kopa tenas sun.
Breasts, totoosh.
Breath, wind.
Breech Clout, opoots sill; opoots sail.
Bride, klootchman yaka chee malieh.
Bridegroom, man yaka chee malieh.
Bridle, la bleed.
Brig-ht, towagh, or tewagh.
Bring, to, lolo; mamook chahco; newah.
Broad, klukulh.
Broken leggeO., kokshut lapea.
Broken, kokshut.
Brook, tenas chuck; tenas cooley chuck.
Broom, bloom.
Brother, ow.
Brother, kahpho, or elip ow, if elder
than the speaker; kimta ow, or ow, if
younger. Male cousins the same.
Brother-in-law, ats yaka man; klootch-
man yaka ow; ekkeh.
Brown, sitkum klale; tenas klale; klale.
Buck, man mowitch.
Bucket, tamolitsh.
Buffalo, moosmoos; wild moosmoos.
Build, mamook house.
Builder, la plash man.
Bull, man moosmoos.
Bullet, le bal; kalitan; musket yaka ball.
Bundle, kow; iktas.
Bung'ler, man yaka cultus mamook.
Bum, mamook piah.
Burst, kokshut.
Bury, mahsh kopa illahee.
But, pe; pee.
Butcher, man yaka kumtuks mamook
mimoluse moosmoos,
Butter, totoosh gleese; totoosh lakles.
Buttons, chilchil; tsiltsil.
Buy, to, mahkook.
By, wake siah kopa; kopa.
By-and-by, winapie; alki.
Calf, tenas moosmoos.
Calico, tzum sail; sail.
Call, to, wawa.
Calm, halo wind.
Calve, mahsh tenas.
Can, skookum kopa.
Candle, la shandel; glease piah.
Cannot, halo skookum kopa; howk.wutl.
Canoe, canim.
Cap, seahpo.
Capable, skookum kopa; skookum tum-
tum.
Capsize, keelapie; kilapie.
Captive, elite.
Capture, mamook kow.
Car, (B. B.), piah chickchick.
Careful, kloshe nanitch.
Careless, kultus; halo kloshe nanitch.
Carpenter, la plash man.
carrot, la calat.
Carry, to, lolo.
Cart, chikchik; tsiktsik.
Carve, mamook cut.
Cascade, tumwata.
Cash, dolla; chikamin.
Cask, tamolitsh.
Cast, mahsh.
Castrate, to, mahsh stone.
Cat, pusspuss; pishpish.
Cataract, tumwater.
Catch, iskum; mamook kwotl.
Cautious, (to 1)6), kloshe nanitch.
Cease, kopet.
Cedar, canlm stick; lametsin stick; kpai;
kalakwahtie stick.
Cedar Bark ' (inside) , kalakwahtie.
Celestial, kopa saghalie.
Certain, delate.
Cattle, moosmoos.
Certainly, nawitka.
Chain, lashen; chikamin lope.
Chair, la shase.
Chance, nika tumtum halo yaka chako
kahkwa.
Chang'e, huyhuy; mamook huyhuy.
Characters, tzum.
Cheap, wake hyas mahkook.
Cheat, to, lalah; mamook pelton.
Cheated, (I am), nika chako pelton.
Cheeks, seahost; capala.
Cheer, hiyu kloshe wawa.
Chicken, la pool.
Chief, tyee.
Child, tenas.
ChUly, tenas cole.
Choose, tikegh; elip tikegh.
Christmas, hyas Sunday; klismes.
Clams, ona; lukutchee; lafcwitohee;
clams; (smetocks, the large kind).
Clay, illahee.
Clean, (adj.) halo illahee; (n.) mamook
clean.
Clear up, to, chako klah.
Clerk, tzum man.
Climb, klatawa saghalie.
Close, (V.) mamook ikpooie.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
45
Cloth, (cotton), sail.
Clothes, iktas.
CloudB, smoke; smoke kopa saghalle;
cultus smoke.
Coast, lUahee wake slah kopa chuck.
Coat, capo; kapo.
Coffee, kaupy.
Cold, cole.
Color, tzum; chym.
Comb, (n. ) comb.
Comh, to, (v.) mamook comb.
Come, to, chahko; newah.
Come out of the water, chako klahanie
kopa chuck.
Command, (v.) mahsh wawa; (n.) law.
Com.m.andmeiitB, saghalle tyee law.
Commence, mamook begin; ohee mamook.
Common, kloshe kopa konoway; cultus.
Commiuilon, Jesus yaka muckamuck.
Complete, mamook kopet.
Conceal, ipsoot.
Conceive, klap tenas.
Conceive, (in mind) mamook tumtum.
Concur, (I), (nika) tumtum kahkwa.
Confess, to, yiem; wawa.
Confession, to go to, kotes; kopes. Cha-
chas bilalam, or milalam (holy talk).
Confirmation, lakonfirmation ; kopil masio
Confine, mamook kow.
Confirm, mamook delate.
Confirmed (pas.), chako delate.
Confirmation, lakonfirmation; kopli masio
Conerregate, chako, or klatawa kunamokst
Conjurex, siwash dootln; tamahnous man.
Conjuring', tamahnous; mamook tamah-
mous.
Consecrate, potlatch kopa saghalie tyee.
Contented, mitlite kloshe tumtum.
Contrite, cly tumtum; sick tumtum.
Control, tolo.
Conversation, Converse, wawa.
Convince, tolo.
Cook, to, mamook piah; mamook piah
muckamuck.
Cooked, (pas.) chako piah.
Copper, pil chikamin.
Copy, mamook tzum.
Cord, tenas lope; lope.
Cordially, kloshe tumtum.
Cork, (v.) ikpooie.
Com, esalth.
Corral, kuUagh; kuUaghan.
Correct, delate.
Cost, (how much) kunjih dolla?
Cotton goods, sail.
Cougar, hyas pishpish.
Cough, hohhoh.
Counsel, cultus potlatch tumtum.
Count, mamook kwunnun; mamook kun-
I > jih; mamook tahnin.
Country, illahee.
Couple, mokst.
Courage, skookum tumtum.
Cousin, (see brother and sister.) (Eng-
lish, idem.)
Cover, (V.) mahsh ikta kopa haghalie.
Covet, tikegh kapswalla.
Cow, klootchman moosmoos.
Coward, halo skookum tumtum; kwass
man.
Coyote, talapus.
Crahapple, powitsh; siwash apple.
Crack, tsugh.
Cranherry, solemle; swamp olallie; pil
olallie; siwash isalk.
Crazy, pelton; clazy; pelton scotty.
Cream, kloshe totoosh.
Cream-colored, le clem.
Creator, saghalie tyee.
Creek, tenas chuck.
Creep, tenas cooley. •
Cricket, (large), mesachie cultus kala-
kala; mesachie cultus sopena.
Crooked, kiwa; tseepie; clocked ; wake
delate; hanlkek.
Cross, (n.) la cloa.
Crow, kahkah.
Crowd, hiyu tillikums.
Cry, to, cly.
Cultivate, mamook kloshe.
Cup, ooskan; cup; lepot.
Cure, mamook kloshe.
Cured, chako kloshe.
Curly, hunlkih.
Currant, pil olallie; culant.
Currency, papah dolla.
Curse, (n.) mesachie wawa.
Curse, (v.) wawa mesachie.
Cut, to, tlkope; mamook cut.
Dance, to, tanse.
Danger, mesachie mitlite.
Dark, darkness, polaklle.
Darken, mamook polaklie.
Dash, (v.) mahsh.
Daughter, tenas klootchman.
Dawn, delate tenas sun; chee chako
light.
Dazzle, hiyu skookum light; kahkwa halo
nika nanitsh.
Dead, memaloost; mimoluse; mahsh, kon-
oway yaka wind; yaka wind chako
halo.
Deadness, kahkwa mimoluse.
Deaf, ikpooie kwollan; halo kwolan.
Deafen, mamook halo kwolan.
Deaf mute, halo kwolan halo wawa.
Death, niimoluse.
Death bed, bed kah yaka mimoluse.
Dear, (expensive), hyas mahkook.
Dear, (loved), kloshe.
Death warrant, papah yaka wawa, na-
wltka yaka mimoluse.
Debate, pight wawa.
Debility, halo skookum; wake siah sick.
Decay, chako cultus; chako mimoluse;
chako rotten.
Deceit, kliminawhit wawa.
Deceive, wawa kliminawhit mamook
lalah.
Deceiver, yaka kumtuks wawa klimina-
whit.
Decide, mamook tumtum; klap tumtum.
Decision, tumtum.
Decline, wawa halo.
Deed, mamook.
Deep, klip; hyas keekwulee.
Deer, mowitsh.
Defeat, (v.) tolo.
46
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Defend, kloshe nanitch.
Defer, mamook alkl; mamook byby.
Deficient, wake hiyu.
Definite, delate.
Deformed, wake delate.
Delig'lit, kloshe tumturn.
Delighted, mitlite or chako kloshe turn-
turn.
Delirious, huloima latet; kahkwa clazy.
Demand, wawa; skookura wawa.
Demon, skookum; lejaub; kahkwa lejaub;
mesachie tamahnous.
Deny, Denial, wawa halo.
Dense, hiyu.
Dentist, doctln kopa teeth; doctin kopa
letah.
Depart, klatawa.
Descend, klatawa keekwulee.
Describe, mamook kumtuks.
Desert, (n. ) illahee kah halo ikta mitlite.
Desert, (v.) kapswalla klataway; mahsh.
Devil, diaub; yaub; lejaub.
Diabolical, kahkwa lejaub.
Dialect, lalan§:.
Dialog'ue, ikt man yaka wawa, huloima
man yaka wawa, laly kahkwa.
Did, mamook.
Die, mimoluse; mahsh konoway yaka
wind.
Differ, huloima tumtum.
Different, Difference, huloima.
Difficult, kull.
Dig, to, mamook illahee; mamook kok-
shut illahee.
Dig" a hole, mamook hole; mamook
tlwhop.
Dilute, mahsh chuck kunamokst.
Dime, bit, or mit.
Dimension, kunjih hyas.
Dine, Dinner, muckamuck kopa sitkum
sun.
Direct, delate.
Directly, alki; winapie; tshike.
Dirty, allihee mitlite; hyas humm.
Disagree, halo tumtum kahkwa.
Disappoint, mamook pelton.
Disbelieve, halo tumtum kahkwa.
Disappear, chako halo.
Discard, Discharge, mahsh.
Discover, elip nanitch.
Dishonest, kumtuks kapswalla.
Dislike, halo tikegh.
Disobey, halo iskum wawa; mahsh wawa.
Disrelish, halo tikegh muckamuck.
Dissent, huloima tumtum.
Distance, (what), kunjih siah.
Distant, siah.
Distinguish, nanitch.
Distress, klahowya tumtum; klahowya.
Distrust, kwass.
Dive, klatawa keekwulee kopa chuck.
Diverse, huloima.
Divine, kahkwa saghalie tyee.
Doctor, doctin.
Doctress, klootchman doctin.
Dodge, hyak klatawa; klatawa yahwa
yahwa.
Dog, kamooks.
Dollar, dolla, or tahla; chikamin.
Do, mamook.
Donation, cultus potlatch.
Door, la pote.
Double, mokst.
Double minded, mokst tumtum.
Doubt, halo delate kumtuks.
Down, (adj.) keekwulee; whim.
Down, (n.), kalakala tupso.
Downcast, sick tumtum.
Down Hill, keekwulee.
Downright, delate.
Down stream, mimie; cooley chuck.
Dozology, mahsie kopa saghalie tyee.
Dozen, tahtlum pe mokst.
Drab, tenas klale, tenas tkope.
Drag, Dra^, haul.
Drawback, mamook haul kimta.
Drawers, keekwulee sakolleks.
Dread, kwass.
Dream, dleam; nanitch kopa moosum;
moosum nanitch.
Dreary, cultus.
Drench, mahsh kopa chuck; mahsh chuck
kopa.
Drenched, (pas.), mitlite hiyu chuck;
hiyu chuck mitlite kopa.
Dress, klootchman coat.
Drink, to, muckamuck; muckamuck
chuck or kaupy; or whiskey, etc., as
the case may be.
Drinkable, kloshe kopa muckamuck.
Drip, chuck klatawa.
Drive, mamook kishkish.
Drizzle, tenas snass.
Drown, mimoluse kopa chuck.
Drowsy, tikegh moosum; tikegh sleep.
Drug, lametsin.
Drum, (Indian), pompon.
Drunk, (adj.), pahtlum; dlunk.
Drunk, (v.), chako pahtlum.
Drunkard, pahtlum man; man kwanesum
pahtlum.
Dry, Dryness, dly; dely.
Dual, mokst.
Dubious, mokst tumtum.
Duck, (Mallard), hahlhahl; kwehkweh;
hahthaht.
Ducking, mahsh kopa chuck; klatawa
kopa chuck.
Dug, mamook dig.
Dull, halo tumtum; wake siah halo latet.
Duly, delate.
Dumb, wake wawa; halo wawa.
During, kopa.
Durst, skookum tumtum.
Dust, polallie; tenas illahee; klimmin
klimmin illahee.
Dwell, mitlite.
Dye, (v.), mamook tzum.
Dying, wake siah mimoluse.
Dyeing, mamook tzum.
Eager, hyas tikegh.
Each, ikt ikt.
Eagle, chakchak.
Ear, kwolann.
Early, tenas sun.
Earnest, skookum tumtum.
Earn, to, tolo.
Earth, illahie.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
47
East, kah sun yaka chako.
Easter, pak; paska.
Easy, halo kull.
Eat, to, muckamuck.
Eatable, kloshe kopa muckamuck.
Ebb tide, chuck yaka klatawa.
Eccentilo, huloima.
Eclipse, sun (or moon), yaka chako
klale.
Eddy, kah chuck klatawa saghalle.
Edify, mamook kumtuks.
Editor, tzum (or tyee) man kopa news-
paper.
Educate, mamook kumtuks.
Effect, (v.) mamook.
Effects, (n.) iktas.
Effeminate, kahkwa klootchman.
Efficient,' skookum; kloshe.
Hgg, lesap; lesep; hen olallie.
Ei^lit, stotekln; kwinnum pe klone;
eight.
Eig'liteen, tahtlum pe stotekln.
Eig'li.ty, stotekln tahtlum.
Eiglit liundred, stotekln tukamonuk.
Eltber — or, klonasklonas.
Eject, mahsh klahanle.
Elder, elip.
Elder brother, kahpo.
Eleg'ant, hyas kloshe.
Elevate, mamook saghalie.
Elevated, (pas.), chako. (saghalle, or
klatawa saghalle, as the case may be,
whether speaking of self or another.
Elk, moolock; mooluk.
Eloquent, kumtuks wawa.
Else, huloima.
Elnde, ipsoot klatawa.
Embark, klatawa kopa canim; boat or
ship.
Emblem, kahkwa picture.
Embrace, iskum kopa lemah.
Emetic, lametsln yaka skookum kopa
help mika mahsh mika muckamuck.
Emotion, cly tumtum; kahkwa cly.
Employer, tyee; boss.
Empty, halo ikta mltlite.
Enact, mamook.
Encircle, ikt yahwa, Ikt yahwa, Ikt yah-
wa. pe mamook kow.
Enclose, mamook keekwulee.
Enclosure, Kullaghan; Kullagh; pense.
End, opoots.
Endeavor, tikegh mamook.
Endless, kwanesum.
Endure, kwanesum mamook; kwanesum
mltlite.
Enemy, solleks tUlikum; mesachie tiUi-
kum.
Energ'y, skookum mamook.
Eng'land, King George illahee.
Eng'llsli, Engrllslunan, King Chautsh;
King George tlllikum.
Enfifrave, mamook tzum.
Enjoy, mltlite kloshe tumtum.
Enlarg-e, mamook hyas.
Enoutrh, kopet hiyu;- hiyu; kopet.
Enquire, wawa; ask; tikegh kumtuks.
Enracred, solleks.
Enslave, mamook elite.
Enslaved, (pas.) chako elite.
Enter, klatawa keekwulee, klatawa in-
side.
Entertain, (as a guest), kloshe manltch.
Entire, konoway.
Entrails, kiyagh; guts; keekwulee yak-
wahtin kaiah.
Entrap, iskum kopa trap.
Enumerate, mamook kunjih; mamook
tzum.
Envelope, (n.), klahanie papeh.
Envelope, (v.), mamook kow.
Epilepsy, sick kahkwa clazy.
Equal, kahkwa.
Equity, delate mamook.
Erect, mltwhit; delate.
Escape, chako klahanie (for first or sec-
ond persons); klatawa klahanie (for
third person); klatawa.
Escort, (V.) klatawa kunamokst pe
kloshe nanitch.
Espy, nanitch.
Estate, iktas pe illahee kopa mimoluse
man or klootchman; mimoluse man or
klootchman yaka iktas pe illahee.
Estimate, (n.), tumtum.
Estimate, (v.), mamook tumtum.
Eternal, kwanesum.
Etlmoloffy, kumtuks kopa tillikums;
kumtuks kopa siwash.
Eulog'ize, wawa kloshe wawa.
Evacuate, mamook halo; konoway kla-
tawa klahanie.
Eve, tenas polaklie.
Even, konaway kahkwa; kloshe.
Evening', tenas polaklie.
Ever, Everlasting-, kwanesum.
Every, konaway.
Everywhere, konaway kah.
Evict, mash klahanie.
Evil, mesachie.
Exact, delate.
Ezaerg'erate, wake siah kliminawhit.
Exalt, mamook saghalie; mamook hyas.
Exalted, (pas.), chako saghalie; klatawa
saghalie; chako hyas.
Examine, delate nanitch.
Exceed, chako elip hiyu.
Excel, elip kloshe.
Excellent, hyas kloshe.
Except, (prep.), kopet.
Excess, elip hiyu.
Excbang-e, huyhuy.
Excite^ mamook hyas yaka tumtum.
Exclaim, Exclamation, skookum wawa;
wawa.
Exclude, Excommunicate, mahsh klah-
anie.
Excuse, mamook klahowya.
Execute, mamook mimoluse.
Exercise, Exert, mamook.
Exhale, mahsh wind.
Exhaust, mamook till.
Exhausted, (pas.), chako delate till;
wake siah mimoluse kopa till.
Exhort, skookum wawa; wawa skookum.
Exile, (v), or
Expa-triate, mahsh klahanie kopa yaka
illahee.
Exist, mltlite.
Expedite, mamook hyak.
48
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Expel, mahsh.
Expend, pay; potlatch.
Expert, delate yaka kumtuks.
Expire, mimoluse; mahsh konoway yaka
wind.
Explain, mamook kumtuks.
Explore, klatawa pe nanitch.
Express, (v.), wawa.
ExcLUisite, delate kloshe.
Extend, mamook hyas.
Extended, (pas.), chako hyas.
Extensive, hyas.
Exterior, klahanle.
Exterminate, Extingniish, mamook halo;
mahsh.
Extol, potlatch hyas kloshe wawa.
Extreiordinary, hyas huloima.
Extravagrant, cultus mahkook iktas.
Extreme unction, exstlem oksio.
•Eye, Eyeball, seahost; eye.
Eyelash, skin kopa eye.
Eyewater, lametsin kopa seahost.
Eyewitness, man yaka delate nanitch.
F
Eable, wake delate wawa.
Fabric, iktas.
Face, seahhost.
Facility, halo kuU.
Fact, delate wawa.
Fade, chako spooh.
Faded, spooh.
■ TaggeA, chako till.
Fair, kloshe.
Fall, fall down; mamook whim.
False, or
Falsehood, kliminawhit; tseepie.
Fame, hyas nem.
Family, tillikums.
Famisli, wake siah mimoluse kopa olo.
Far, siah.
Farm, illahee.
Farther, elip siah.
Farthest, elip siah kopa konoway.
Fast, (tight), kwult; hyas kull.
Fast, (quick), hyak.
Fasten, mamook kow.
Pat, glease.
Father, papa.
Fathom, itlan.
Patig-ue, till.
Fatten, mamook glease.
Fault, wake delate mamook.
Favor, kloshe tumtum.
Fawn, tenas mo witch; mowitch yaka
tenas.
Fear, kwass.
Fearless, halo kwass.
Feast, muckamuck; hiyu muckamuck.
Feather, kalakala yaka tupso.
Feeble, wake skookum; halo skookum.
Feed, potlatch muckamuck.
Feel, (with hand), kumtuks kopa lemah.
Feel,, (with heart), sick tumtum.
Feet, lapea.
Fell, to, (as a tree), mamook whim.
Fellow, tlllikum.
Female, klootchman.
Ferment, kahkwa liplip; chako waum.
Fence, kullagh; kullahan; pence.
Ferocious, hyas tikegh pight; delate
kumtuks pight.
Fervent, Fervor, waum tumtum.
Fester, chako sick, pe chako hyas.
Festival, hyas kloshe time; hiyu mucka-
muck.
Fetch, to, lolo; mamook chako.
Fever, waum sick.
Fever and Asrue, cole sick, waum sick.
Few, wake hiyu; tenas.
Fib, kliminawhit.
Fiction, wake delate wawa.
Field, illahee.
Fiend, mesachie tamahnous.
Fierce, hyas tikegh pight.
Fifteen, tahtlum pe kwinnum.
Fifty, kwinnum tahtlum.
Fig'ht, to, mamook solleks; pight; ma-
mook pukpuk.
Fig'ht, (with fists), mamook pukpuk.
Fignired, (as calico), tzum.
File, la leem.
Fill, to, mamook pahtl.
Filthy, mesachie; humm; cultus.
Fin, pish yaka lemah.
Find, to, klap.
Fine, (adj.), kloshe.
Fine, (v.), mamook fine.
Fine, (n.), fine.
Flng'ers, le doo; lemah.
Finger ring', kweokweo.
Finish, mamook kopet.
Fir, moola stick.
Fire, piah; olapitski.
Fireplace, kah piah mitllte.
Firm, skookum.
First, elip.
First bom, elip tenas.
Fish, pish.
Fisherman, pishman.
Fishery, kah pish mitlite; kah iskum
pish.
Fishhoolc, pishhook; ikkik.
Fishline, pish lope.
Fishrod, pish stick.
Fishy, kahkwa pish.
Fists, lemah kahkwa (showing how).
Fit, kahkwa clazy.
Five, kwinnum.
Five hundred, kwinnum tukamonuk.
Fix, mamook kloshe.
Flag', sail; flag; hyas Sunday sail.
Flea, sopen inapoo; chotub.
Flesh, itl Willie; meat.
Flies, tenas kalakala; lemosh.
Flimsy, wake skookum.
Fling, mahsh.
Flint, kilitsut.
Float, mitlite saghalie kopa cliuck.
Flock, hiyu sheep, or kalakala.
Flood, pahtl chuck; hiyu chuck.
Flour, sapolil; klimmin sapolil.
Flow, klatawa.
Flowers, kloshe tupso.
Fluid, kahkwa chuck.
Fly, (v.), mamook fly; kawak.
Foal, (n.), tenas kuitan.
Foal, (to be with) (v.), klootchman kui-
tan yaka mitlite tenas.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
49
Toe, smoke; oultus smoke.
7oIkB, tillikums.
Follow, klatawa kimta.
Polly, kahkwa pelton.
Food, muckamuck.
Fool, pelton.
FoollBli, Foolhardy, kahkwa pelton.
Foot, lepee.
Footsteps, Footprint, kah lapea mitlite
(showing how; teahwlt).
For, kopa.
Forbear, kopet.
Forbid, wawa kloshe kopet.
Ford, kah kloshe nesika klatawa enatl
kopa chuck.
Forefather, ahnkuttie. papa.
Foreign, huloima.
Forenoon, elip sitkum sun.
Forest, kah hlyu stick initllte.
Foretell, wawa elip.
Forever, kwahnesum.
Foreret, to, mahlie; mahsh tumtum; ko-
pet kumtuks
Forgive, mamook klowhowya.
Fork, la pooshet.
Former, elip.
Formerly, ahnkuttie.
Forsake, mahsh.
Fortnight, mokst Sunday.
Fortunate, kloshe.
Forty, lakit tahtlum.
Fo> vhat, pe kahta.
Foul, cultus.
Found, klap.
Four, lakit, or lokit.
Fourteen, tahtlum pe lakit.
Four hundred, lakit tukamonuk.
Fowl, la pool.
Fox, talapus; hyas opoots talapus.
Fragrant, kloshe.
France, Fasaiooks illahee.
Frank, open.
Fraternal, kahkwa ow.
Free, halo elite.
Freeze, hyas cole.
French, Frenchman, Pasiooks; Pasaiooks.
Freciuently, hiyu times.
Fresh, chee.
Fret, tenas solleks.
Friday, Kwinnum sun.
Friend, sikhs, or shikhs; 'illikum.
Friendly, kloshe tumtum; kahkwa tilli-
kum.
Friendless, halo tUlikum.
Frighten, mamook kwass.
Frightened, (passive), ohako kwass.
Frog, shwah-kuk; wakik.
Frolic, heehee.
Frolicsome, pahtl kopa heehee.
From, kopa.
Frown, kahkwa solleks.
Fry, to, mamook piah; mamook cook;
mam-ook la'po-el.
Frying-pan, la po-el.
Fuel, piah stick.
Fulfill, mamook kopet.
Full, pahtl.
Fun, heehee.
Fund, ohikarain; doUa.
Fundament, opoots.
Funeral, lolo or mahsh mimoluse tilU-
kum kopa mimoluse illahee.
Fur, eena tupso.
Furniture, iktas.
Furthermost; furtherest, elip siah kopa
konoway.
Futile, cultus.
Future, alki; hy-by; winapie.
Gab; gabble, wawa.
G-ad, moosmoos stick; gad.
Gain, tolo.
Gallop, to, kwalalkwalal; hyak klatawa.
Gallows, stick kah mamook mimoluse
kopa lope.
Gamble, gamble; mamook gamble; ma-
mook itlokum; heehee lemah (with
disks) chis chis; itlokum.
Game, heehee.
Garments, iktas.
Gas, kahkwa wind.
Gash, (n.), cut; kokshut.
Gash, (v.), mamook cut; mamook kok-
shut.
Gasp, hyas kull spose yaka iskum yaka
wind; wake siah lost yaka wind.
Gather, to, iskum; hokumelh.
Gay, kloshe; heehee.
Gaze, skookum nanitch.
Gender, is distinguished by prefixing the
word man for male, and klootchman
for female.
General, hyas tyee.
Generous, kloshe kopa cultus potlatch.
Gentle, halo wild; kwan.
Genuine, delate.
Geography, book yaka.
Geography, book yaka mamook kumtuks
nesika kopa konoway illahee.
Geology, book yaka mamook kumtuks ne-
sika kopa konaway stone.
German, Dutchman.
Get, to, Iskum.
Get out, klatawa; mahsh.
Get up, mamook getup; getup.
Ghost, tamahnous; skookum.
Giant, delate hyas man.
Gift, cultus potlatch.
Giggle, heehee.
Gilt, kahkwa pil chikamin.
Gipsy, huloima tilllkum.
Girl, tenas klootchman.
Girlish, kahkwa tenas klootchman.
Give, to, potlatch.
Glad, kwann; youtl tumtum; kwatl.
Glare, skookum light.
Gleam, tenas light.
Glean, iskum; kokumelh.
Glee, heehee.
Gloom, polaklie.
Gloomy, kahkwa polaklie.
Glorious, hyas kloshe.
Glory, hyas kloshe nem.
Gnats, dago; lemus.
Gnaw, muckamuck; muckamuck kahkwa
eena.
Go, to, klatawa.
50
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Q-oblln, tamahnous; tsialko.
God, Saghalie Tyee.
Qodless, halo tikegh Saghalie Tyee.
O-odlike; Godly, kahkwa Saghalie Tyee.
Gold, pil chikamin.
Golden, kahkwa pil chikamin.
Good, kloshe.
Good-bye, klahowya.
Good splxit, kloshe tamahnous; econe.
Goods, iktahs.
Goose, kalakala; whuywhuy; kalakalak-
ma.
Gore, (n.), pilpil; (v.), mamook kokshut
pe pilpil yaka chako.
Gospel, Saghalie Tyee yaka wawa.
Gossip, wawa.
Govern, mamook tyee.
Governor, tyee.
Graceful,, kloshe.
Graduate (v.), kopet kopa school.
Grain, sapolll.
Grammar, book yaka mamook kumtuks
neslka kopa lalang.
Grand, hyas kloshe.
Grand child, tenas yaka tenas; koim.
Granddang'liter, tenas yaka tenas
klootchman.
Grandfatlier, papa yaka papa; chope.
Grandmother, mama yaka mama; chitsh;
nltz.
Grandson, tenas yaka tenas man.
Grant, potlatch.
Grass, tupso; tupso kopa illahee.
Grassliopper, tlak tlak.
Grateful, (adj.), mahsie tumtum.
Grateful, (v.), wawa mahsie.
Grave, mimoluse illahee.
Gravestone, stone kopa mimoluse illahee.
Graze, muckamuck tupso.
Grease, glease; lakles.
Greasy, kahkwa glease.
Great, hyas.
Greedy; tlkegh konoway; hyas tikegh.
Green, peohugh; pale green, kawkawak.
Greet, wawa.
Gray; a gray horse, legley.
Grind, (as flour), mamook sapolil; ma-
mook klimmin-klimmin; as ax, ma-
mook sharp; mamook kloshe.
Grit, tenas stone; kahkwa stone.
Grizzly bear, siam.
Groom, kuitan man: man yaka kloshe
nanltch kuitan. ( See bridegroom.)
Ground, illahee.
Grouse, glouse; siwash chicken; siwash
lapool.
Grow, chako hyas.
Growl; g'rumlile, solleks wawa.
Guard, kloshe nanitch.
Guardian, man yaka kloshe nanitch te-
nas.
Guard house, skookum house.
Guess, mika tumtum; guess.
Guilt, mesachie.
Gum, la gome.
Gun, musket; sukwalal.
Gunpowder, polallie.
H
Ha, nah.
Hail, cole snass.
Hair, tupso; tupso kopa latet; yakao.
Hair brush, tupso bloom.
Half, sitkum.
Half-breed, sitkum siwash — sitkum Bos-
ton.
Halloo, nah.
Halt, kopet klatawa; kopet cooley.
Ham, cosho; dly cosho.
Hammer, lemahto.
Hand, le mah.
Hand, (riirht), kloshe lemah.
Handcuff, chikamin kopa mamook kow
lemah.
Hand (g'ame of), Itlokum.
Handkerchief, hakatshum.
Handsome, hyas kloshe.
Hangf, mlmaluse kopa lope kopa yaka
neck.
Happy, kloshe tumtum; youtl tumtum.
Hard, kull.
Harden, mamook kull.
Hare, kwitshadie; kwetshoddie.
Hark, nah; nanitch.
Harlot, mesachie klootchman.
Harm, (n.), mesachie.
Harm, (v.), mamook mesachie.
Harrow, to, mamook comb illahie.
Hasten, hyak.
Hat, seahpo.
Hatch, chicken chako kopo eggs; tenas
lapool chee chako.
Hatchet, tenas lahash.
Haul, mamook haul.
Haul with wagon, lolo kopa chikchik.
Have, mitlite.
Hawk, hawk, shakshak.
Hay, hay; dly tupso.
Hazel bush, toholal stick.
Hazel-nuts, tukwilla.
He, his, yaka; yahka.
Head, la tet.
Headache, sick kopa latet.
Headwind, cultus wind.
Heal, mamook kloshe.
Healed, (passive), chako kloshe.
Healthy, halo sick.
Heap, hiyu.
Hear, kumtuks kopa kwolan.
Hearsay, cultus kumtuks kopa kwolan.
Heart, tumtum.
Heartache, sick tumtum.
Heat, waum.
Heathen, tillikums klaska halo kumtuks
kopa Saghalie Tyee.
Heave, mahsh.
Heaven, Saghalie; Saghalie Tyee yaka
illahee; koosah; saghalie Illahie.
Heavy, till.
Heed, (take), kloshe nanitch.
Heirs, yaka tenas, pe yaka kloochman.
Hell, hyas piah; lejaub yaka illahee;
keekwulee illahee.
Helm, ludda.
Help, to, mamook elann; mamook help.
Helve, lahash stick; stick kopa lahash.
Hen, klootchman chicken.
Hence, (conj.), kahkwa.
Hence, (adj.), yukwa.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
51
Her, yaka.
Eers, kopa yaka; yakas; yaka.
Eerli, lametsin tupso.
Herd, hlyu moosmoos.
Here, yukwa; how; nah.
HenuaphTOdite, burdash.
Eerrin?, tenas pish; oolohus.
Eerself, yaka self.
Eey, nah.
Hid, hide, to, (v.), Ipsoot.
Elde, skin.
Elg'li, saghalie; long; high.
Eilarity, hlyu heehee.
Elg'liway, ooakut; wayhut.
ElU, tenas saghalie lllahee.
Elm, yaka.
Eimself, yaka self.
Einder, wake siah inamook stop.
Eiut, wawa.
Eire, potlatch mamook.
Elred, (passive), iskum mamook.
His, kopa yaka; yakas; yaka.
Elt, to, mamook kokshut; kwulh.
Elt, (passive), chako kokshut.
Eitcli, mamook kow.
Either, yakwa.
Eg, nah; howh.
Eoarse, cole sick wawa.
Hoary, t'kope.
Eoaz, pelton mamook.
Eoe, la peosh.
Eojr, cosho.
Eogs'lsli, kahkwa cosho.
Eold, iskum; halo mahsh,
Eold on, kloshe mitlite; kloshe wait;
hold on.
Eole, klawhap.
Eollday, hyas Sunday; Sunday.
Eoly, kahkwa Saghalie Tyee,
Eoly day, lepet.
Eoly Ghost, Saint Espli.
Eoly orders, lordr; olt.
Eoly Trinity, Lasait Trinite.
EoUow, halo ikta mitlite.
Eonest, wake kapswalla; halo kumtuks
kapswalla.
Honey, honey; kahkwa shuga.
Eonor, kloshe nem.
Eop, sopen.
Eope, tikegh kahkwa.
Eopefnl, halo kwass.
Eops, (wild), tlanemas.
Eops, (tame), hops.
Eom, stone; bone.
Horrible; horrid, hyas mesachie.
Horror, hyas kwass.
Horse, kiuatan; kuitan.
Eorseback, kopa kuitan.
Eorsehalr, kuitan tupso.
Eorse race, cooley kuitan.
Eorse shoes, kuitan shoes; chikamin
shoes.
Sose, stocken.
Hospitable, kloshe.
Hostile, solleks.
Eot, hyas warm.
Eonr, tintin; dingding.
Eonse, house.
Eow, kahta.
How are you? klahowya.
Howl, kamooks yaka wawa.
How larire, kunjlh hyas.
How many, kunsih; kunjih.
Enckleberrles, shot olallie.
Eoman, kahkwa man.
Humble, halo proud.
Humorous, heehee.
Hundred, tukamonuk.
Hungry, olo.
Eunt, mamook hunt.
Eurl, mahsh.
Hurry, hyak; howh.
Hurt, (adj.), kokshut.
Hurt, (v.), chako kokshut.
Hurt one's feeling's, mamook sick tum-
tum; mamook kahta.
Eusband, (my), nika man.
Hush, kopet wawa; kopet noise.
Hypocrite, man yaka kloshe kopa yaka
lapush, pe klale kopa yaka tumtum.
I, nika.
Ice, cole chuck.
Idea, tumtum.
Identical, delate kahkwa.
Idiot, pelton man.
Idle, cultus mitlite.
If, spose.
Igiiite, mamook piah.
Ignorant, halo kumtuks; blind kopa tum-
tum.
HI; illness, sick.
lUtreat, mamook mesachie; mamook kah-
ta.
Imbibe, muckamuck.
Imitate, mamook kahkwa.
Imitation, kahkwa mamook.
Immaterial, cultus.
Immeasurable, halo kumtuks kunjih hy-
as.
Immense, delate hyas.
Immigrate, chako kopa Ikt illahee..
Immodest; immoral, mesachie.
Impatience, halo tikegh mitlite.
Imperfect, wake delate.
Impossible, wake skookum kopa.
Improbable, (nika) tumtum yaka halo
kahkwa.
Improper, wake kloshe.
Improve, chako tenas kloshe.
In, kopa.
Inability, wake skookum kopa.
Inasmuch, kahkwa.
Incite, mamook waum yaka tumtum.
Incomplete, wake yaka kopet.
Indeed, nawitka.
Independent, (He is), cultus kopa (yaka)
kopa huloima tillikumi?.
Indian, siwash.
Indian medicine, kelale.
Indifferent, (I am), cultus kopa nika.
Induce (him), mamook haul yaka tum-
tum.
Indulge, iskum.
Industrious, kwanesum mamook.
Inebriate, man yaka kwanesum pahtlum;
52
THE CHINOOK JARGON
man yaka kwanesum muckamuck
whiskey.
Infant, tenas; chee tenas.
Inheilt, iskum spose (mika) papa yaka
minoluse.
Ink, klale chuck kopa maniook tzum.
Intivixe, wawa.
In shore, mahtwillie.
Inside, keekwulee.
Inspire, mamook "waum yaka tumtum.
Instantly, hyak.
Insufficient, wake hiyu.
Intend (I), nika tumtum.
Intention, tumtum.
Intercede, (yon for me), kloshe mlka
potlatoh nika wawa kopa yaka.
Interpret, mamook cooley kopa huloima
lalang or wawa; mamook kumtuks hu-
loima or wawa.
Interval, tenas laly.
Intimate, kloshe.
Invade, klatawa pe tikegh pight.
Invisible (to you), wake kahta mika
nanitch.
Inward, keewulee.
Iron, chikamin.
Irresolute, wake skookum tumtum.
Irrig'ate, mamook cooley chuck.
Is, Mitllte is sometimes used, and some-
times no word is used.
Island, ailand; tenas illahee.
It, yaka, yahka.
Itch, tlihtlih.
Its, kopa yaka; yakas; yaka.
Itself, yaka self.
Ivy, stick kahkwa lope.
Jail, skookum house.
Jargon (Chinook), Chinook.
Jealous, sick tunftum.
Jerk, hyak mamook haul.
Jerked heef, moosmoos itlwillie chako
dly.
Jest, oultus wawa.
Job, mamook.
Join, chako kunamokst.
Joke, (n.), cultus wawa.
Joke, (v.), mamook heehee.
Jolly, heehee tumtum.
Journey, cooley.
Joy, Joyful, youtl tumtum.
Jndg'e, tyee kopa court.
Juer, stone labooti.
Juice, olallie chuck.
Jump, to, sopena.
Jury, man kopa court klaska tikegh;
kumtuks konoway mesachie, pe ma-
mook kloshe kopa tillikums.
Just, delate.
K
Kamass root, lakamass.
Kettle, ketling.
Key, lekleh.
Kick, to, mamook kokshut; chukkin.
Kill, mamook mimoluse.
Kind, kloshe.
Kindred, tillikums.
Kiss, bebe.
Kitten, tenas pishpish.
Kneel, mamook kahkwa (showing how).
Knife, opitsah.
Knit, mamook stocken.
Knock, to, koko; mamook kokshut; ma-
mook kahkwa (showing how).
Knot, lemah; lemah kopa stick.
Knotty, hunlkih; hiyu lemah.
Know, to, knowledgre, kumtuks.
Knuckle, yahkwa kopa lemah (point to
it).
I^abor, mamook.
I^acerate, mamook kokshut.
I«ack, wake hiyu.
I^ady, klootchman.
I^mb, tenas sheep; tenas lemooto; sheep
yaka tenas.
Iiame, klook teahwit; sick kopa lapea.
lament, cly tumtum.
Iiamprey eel, skwakwal; skwokwol.
Iiand, illahee.
Iiandlord, tyee.
£and otter, inamooks.
Iiane, ooakut; wayhut.
I^ang'uag'e, la lang.
I^ard, cosho glease.
I^rg-e, hyas.
X^ark, tenas kalakala.
^ast, delate kimta; kimta kopa kono-
way.
Lately, chee; tenas ahukuttie.
Jiangb, heehee; mamook heehee.
Laug'hter, heehee.
Launch, mahsh boat or ship kopa chuck.
Lawn, kloshe tupso illahee.
Lay, mahsh.
Lazy, lazy.
Lead, (n.), kalitan.
Lead, (v.), mamook cooley.
Leader, tyee.
Lean, (adj.), halo glease.
Lean, (v.), lagh.
Leap, to, sopena.
Learn, iskum kumtuks; kumtuks.
Learned, kumtuks hiyu.
Least, elip tenas kopa konaway.
Leather, skin; dly skin.
Leave, (v.), mahsh; klatawa.
Leave off, to, kopet.
Lecture, wawa.
Leg*, teahwit; lapea.
Legtil, kloshe kopa law.
Legrend, wawa; wake delate wawa.
Leg-glngs, mitass.
Le<rislatnre, tyee man klaska mamook
law.
Lend, to, ayahwhul; tikegh owe.
Lent, (n.), lekalem; olo time.
Less, tenas.
Letter, papah.
Level, konoway kahkwa; flat.
Liar, yaka kumtuks wawa kliminawhit.
Liberal, kloshe kopa cultus potlatch.
Lick, to, (v.), klakwun.
Lice, Inapoo.
Lie, (n.), kliminawhit wawa.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
53
Ue, (v.), wawa kllmlnawhit.
He down, mitlite.
I^ig'lit, (not beavy), halo till; wake till.
Llg^ht, (not dark), halo polaklie.
IiliTlituing', saghalle plali.
liike, (adj.). kahkwa.
like, (v.), tikegh.
Irlmti, lemah; stick yaka lemah.
linger, mitlite; halo chako.
^insrnist, yaka kumtuks hlyu lalang.
liniment, lametsin kopa skin; optlah.
I^lps, lapush, (point to them).
Usp, wake delate wawa.
Usteu, nah; nanltch.
little, tenas.
Uve, (adj.), halo mimoluse.
Live, (v.), mitlite.
iMOAge, (n.), tenas house; slwash house.,
lodere, (v.), mitlite.
lofty, saghalle.
log'g'ing' camp, stick house.
lonely, kopet Ikt.
Bong, youtlkut.
Ions' agfo, ahnkuttie.
look, to, nanitsh; nah,
look arouad, cultus nanitch.
look here! nah.
lookout I klose nanitsh.
looklner-srlass, shelokum.
loose, (v.), stoh; mahsh kow.
louse, Inapoo.
Iiose tlie way, to, tsolo; tseepie wayhut.
louse, enapoo, or inapoo.
love, to, tikegh.
iiOw, keekwulee.
lower, (adj.), elip keekwulee.
lower, (v.), mamook keekwulee.
lowly, halo proud tumtum.
XiUkewarm, tenas lazy; tenas waum.
Jm\iS, lolo.
lumber, laplash.
Iiunch, muckamuck.
m
Mad, solleks.
Madam, klootchman.
Magrlc, tamahnous.
Mag-istrate, tyee.
Maerniflceut, delate hyas kloshe.
Ma&e, corn ; esalth.
Majority, elip hlyu.
Make, to, mamook.
Male, man.
Malice, mesachie tumtum; solleks.
Mallard duck, hahthaht.
Mama, mama.
Man, man.
Manage, tolo; mamook.
Mangle, hiyu mamook cut.
Mankind, konoway tillikums.
Manly, kahkwa man.
Manner, kahkwa kwanesum yaka ma-
mook.
Manufactory, moola.
Many, hyiu.
Maple, isick stick.
Marble, kloshe stone.
Mare, klootchman kuitan.
Mark, (n.), tzum.
Mark, (v.), mamook tzum.
Market, mahkook house.
Marriage; marry, malleh.
Martyr, tlUikum yaka mimoluse kopa
saghalie tyee yaka wawa.
Marvel, mamook tumtum — ikta okoke.
Mask, stick seahost.
Massacre, (v.), cultus mamook mimoluse.
Mass, (ceremony of), la messe.
Mast, ship stick.
Mat, kllskwiss.
Maternal, kahkwa mama.
Mathematics, hook yaka mamook kum-
tuks nesika kopa mamook kwunnum.
Matrimony, malleh.
Matron, tyee klootchman.
Mattock, lapeosh.
Mature, piah.
Maximum, elip hiyu kopa konoway.
Mayor, tyee kopa town.
Me, nika.
Meadow, tupso Ulahee.
Mean, delate cultus; wake kloshe.
Measure, to, tahnim; mamook measure.
Meat, itlwillie; meat.
Meddle, mamook kopa halo yaka husi-
ness; cultus mamook kopa huloima
yaka business; okoke halo yaka busi-
ness, pe yaka cultus mamook.
Medicine, la mestin.
Meditate, mamook tumtum.
Meek, kloshe; halo solleks; kwan.
Meet, chako kunamokst.
Melancholy, sick tumtum.
Melt, chako chuck; chako kahkwa chuck;
chako klimmin.
Memory, tumtum.
Mend, to, mamook tip-shin.
Menstruate, to, mahsh pilpil.
Mental, kopa tumtum.
Mention, wawa.
Merchandise, ilttas.
Merchant, mahkook man.
Merchantable, kloshe kopa mahkook.
Merciful, (to be); Mercy, (to have), ma-
mook klahowya.
Message, (verbal), wawa.
Message, (written), papah.
Metal, metallic, chikamin; kahkwa chika-
mln.
Metropolis, tyee town.
Midday, sitkum sun.
Middle, the, katsuk; sitkum.
Midnight, sitkum polaklie.
Midsummer, sitkum kopa waum lllahee.
Iilldst, kunamokst.
Might, (n.), skookum; (Imp. of may;
klonas.
Migrate, klatawa.
Mild, kloshe.
Military, kopa sojers.
Milk, totoosh.
Milkman, totoosh man.
Milky, kahkwa totoosh.
Mill, moola.
Miller, moola man.
Mimic, mamook kahkwa.
Mind, the, tumtum.
Mine, lllahee kah chikamin mitlite.
54
THE CHINOOK JARGON
MlniTle, klatawa kunamokst; mamook
kunamokst; mahsh kunamokst.
Minister, leplet.
Sllnor, tenas; elip tenas.
Miracle, skookum mamook; huloima ma-
mook.
Mischief, cultus mamook.
Misconduct, mesachie mamook.
Mispronotmce, halo delate wawa; tseepie
wawa; huloima wawa.
Miss, to, tseepie.
Missionary, leplet.
Mistake, (v.), mamook tseepie.
Mistake, (n.), tseepie mamook.
Misty, tenas snass.
Misunderstand, halo kumtuks.
Mix, mamook kunamokst; mamook klim-
min.
Moccasins, skin-shoes.
Mock, mamook shem; mamook heehee.
Moderate, wake hyak.
Modest, kloshe.
Moisture, tenas chuck.
Mole, skad; kilapaileraai.
Molasses, melass; silup; molassis.
Monday, Ikt Sun.
Money, chikamin; doUa.
Month, moon.
Monthly, ikt moon — ikt moon.
Moon, moon.
Moonligrht; moonshine, moon yaka ligrht.
Moose, ulchey; hyas mowitch.
Moral, kloshe.
More, weght; elip hlyu.
Morning', tenas sun.
Moss, tupso.
MoscLUito, melakwa; dago.
Most, elip hiyu kopa konoway.
Mother, mama: naah; naha.
Motherless, halo mama.
Motherly, kahkwa mama.
Monntalii, la monti; stone illahee; la-
motal.
Mourn, cly tumtum.
Mouse, hoolhool; cultus hoolhool.
Mouth, la push; la boos.
Move, tenas mahsh; mamook move.
Mow, mamook cut; mamook tlkope.
Mower, machine kopa mamook cut hay.
Much, hyiu; hiyu.
Mud, mud; klimmin illahee.
Muddy, (water), illahee mitlite kopa
chuck.
Muddy, (ground), chuck mitlite kopa
illahee.
Mule, le mel; lemool.
Mulish, kahkwa lemool.
Mum, halo wawa.
Murder, mamook mimoluse.
Murmur, (n.), tenas pight wawa.
Murmur, (v.), potlatch tenas pight wawa.
Muse, mamook tumtum.
Music, sing.
Musician, man yaka kumtuks sing.
Musical instrument, tin tin; (Indian
pompon).
Musket, musket.
Mussels, toluks; mussels.
Must, mamook skookum haul.
Mustard, plah tupso.
Mute, halo wawa.
Mutter, wawa.
Mutton, sheep yaka meat; lemooto yaka
itlwillie.
My, mine, nika; kopa nika; nikas.
Myself, nika self.
Mystery, hyas huloima.
Xt
Nab, Iskum.
Xragr, tenas kultan.
Nails, le cloo; nail.
Naked, halo ikta mitlite.
Name, nem; yahhul.
Nameless, halo nem.
Nap, tenas sleep; tenas moosum.
Napkin, sail kopa mamook kloshe spose
nesika muckamuck.
Narrate, narrative, wawa.
Narrow, halo wide.
Nasty, wake kloshe; mesachie.
Nation, tillikums.
Native, delate yaka illahee.
Navigate, klatawa kopa chuck.
Nay, wake; halo.
Near, wake siah.
Neat, kloshe.
Neck, le cou; lecoo; neck.
Need, hyas tikegh.
Needle, keepwot; tupshin; needle.
Neg'ative, halo; wake.
Neglect, halo kloshe nanitch.
Negro, klale man; nigga.
Neigrhhorhood, tilikums mitlite wake
siah.
Nephew, sister or ats, or kahpo or ow
yaka tenas man.
Never, wake kunjih.
New, chee.
News, chee wawa.
Nice, kloshe.
Niece, sister or ats, or ow or kahpo yaka
tenas klootchman.
Nigh, wake siah.
Night, polaklie.
Nine, kweest or kwaist.
Nineteen, tahtlelum pe nine, or kweest.
Ninety, nine or kweest tahtlum.
Nip, mamook stop, mamook cut.
No, not, halo; wake.
Nohody, tillikum.
Nod, kahkwa sleep or moosum; wake
siah sleep, or moosum.
Noise, noise, latlah.
Noiseless, halo noise.
Noisy, hiyu noise.
None, halo ; wake.
Nonsense, cultus wawa.
Noon, sitkum sun.
North, kah cole chako.
Nose, nose; emeets.
Not, halo; wake.
Nothing, halo ikta.
Notwithstanding, kegh-tchie.
Not yet, kawek.
Nourish, potlatch, muckamuck; kloshe
nanitch.
Now, alta.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
55
irowheire, halo kah.
Nnmli, kahkwa mimoluse.
Number, klonas kunjlh.
HumeralB —
1, Ikt, or Icht.
2, Mokst, or moxt.
3, Klone.
4, IJakit, or loklt.
5, Kwlnnum.
6, Taghum, or tughum.
7, Sinamokst, or slnamoxt.
8, Stotekln.
9, Kwalst, or kweest.
10, Tahtlelum, or tahtlum.
11, Tahtlelum pe Ikt, or tahtlum pe icht.
20, Mokst tahtlelum, or moxt tahtlum.
100, Ikt takamonuk, or icht tukamonuk,
or (tahtlum-tahtlum, — ten tens).
Nurse, (n.), klootchman or man yaka
kloshe nanitch.
Nurse, (v.), kloshe nanitch.
Nuts, tukwlUa; toholal; nuts.
Nutrition, muckamuck.
Oak, kuU stick; kahnahway stick.
Oar, la lahm.
Oats, la wen; la ween.
Obedience, obedient, obey, iskum wawa;
mamook kahkwa yaka wawa.
Object, wawa halo.
Obllere (a faTor). mamook help.
Obscene, mesachle.
Obscure, halo delate kumtuks.
Observe, nanitch.
Obtain, iskum.
Ocean, hyas salt chuck.
Ocbre, kawkawak illahee.
Odd, huloima.
Odor, humm.
Off, klak.
Offend, mamook solleks; mamook kata.
Offer, tikegh potlatch.
Officer, tyee.
Off shore, mahtlinnie.
Often, hiyu times.
Oil (n.), glease.
Oil (v), mamook glease.
Oil clotii, snass sail.
Oily, kahkwa glease.
Ointment, lametsin; lametsin kopa skin.
Old, old man, oleman.
Old womaoi, lammieh; lummieh.
Omit, mahsh.
Omnipotent, delate hyas skookum.
Omnipresent, mitllte konoway kah.
Omniscient, kumtuks konoway ikta.
On, kopa.
One, ikt.
One or another, ikt-ikt.
One-eyed, ikt seahhost.
Onion, unjun; ulalach; lesoio.
Onion (wild), kalaka.
Only (one), kopet ikt.
Open, kahlakl; halakl; open.
Operate, mamook.
Opinion, tumtum.
Opposite to, inatl; enati.
Or, pe.
Oration, wawa.
Orator, man yaka delate kumtuks pot-
latch wawa.
Order (v.), mahsh wawa; potlatch wawei.
Order, to, mahsh tumtum.
Orchard, orchard; kah hiyu apple stick
mitllte.
Ore, chikamin stone.
Oriefinal, chee; ellp; olishinel.
Orphan, halo papa halo mama.
Other, huloima.
Otter, otter; nawamuks.
Otter (land), nenamooks; otter.
Oug'ht, delate kloshe.
Our, ours, nesika; kopa nesika.
Ourselves, nesika self.
Out, outdoors, outside, klaghanle; kla-
hanie.
Outlaw, hyas mesachie tillikum.
Outragre, mamook hyas mesachle.
Oval, kahkwa egg.
Oven, oven; kah mamook piah sapolil.
Over (above), saghalie.
Over (other side), eneti.
Overalls, overalls; klahanle sakolleks.
Overcoat, hyas coat; hyas kapo.
Overboard, klahanie kopa boat.
Overcome, tolo.
Overshoes, klahanie shoes; saghalie
shoes.
Overthrow, mamook halo; tolo.
Owl, waugh waugh; kwel kwel.
Ox, man moosmoos; moosmoos.
Oyster, chetlo; oysters; klogh-klogh.
Pacify, mamook kloshe.
Pack, (n.), ikt kow.
Pack, (v.), lolo.
Packaere, ikt kow.
Paddle, (n.), isick.
Paddle, (v.), mamook Isiok.
Paid, potlatch pay or doUa.
Paid, (passive), Iskum pay or doUa.
Fain, sick; pain; addedah; anah.
Paint, pent; chym.
Paint, to, mamook pent.
pair, mokst.
Palace, hyas kloshe house.
Pale, t'kope.
Paltry, tenas; cultus.
Pamphlet, tenas book.
Pansy, kloshe tupso.
Pant, skookum mamook wind.
Panther, hyas pishpish; panther; swad-
wa.
Pants, sakolleks.
Pap, lip totoosh.
Papa, papa.
Paper, pehpah; papah.
Pappoose, tenas; papoos.
Parade, (n.), show.
Parade, (v.), mamook show; kloshe klat-
awa.
Pardon, mamook klahowya.
Parents, papa pe mama.
Park, kloshe illahee.
Parson, leplet.
Parsonage, leplet yaka house.
56
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Fart, sitkum.
Faitake, iskum.
Pass, (v.), klatawa; klatawa enetL
Pastor, leplet.
paternal, kahkwa papa.
Path, ooakut; wayhnt.
Pauper, klahowya tillikum.
paw, kamooks or itchwoot yaka lapea;
lapea.
Pay, pay; potlatch dolla.
Peas, le pwau; peas; lepwah.
Peep, tenas nanitch.
Pelt, skin.
Pen, (fence), kullaghan.
pen, (for writing), pen; tzum stick.
penance, lapelitans; laplitas.
Pencil, pencil; tzum stick.
Penitent, sick tumtum.
Penitentiary, hyas skookum house.
penman, tzum man.
Pentecost, lapatkot.
People, tilikum, tillikums.
Perfect, delate kloslie.
Perfume, lametsin kopa nose.
Perhaps, klonas.
Peril, mesachie mitlite.
Permanent, kwanesum mitlite.
Permit, wawa nawitka.
Perpetual, kwanesum.
Perspiration, chuck kopa skin.
Perspire, chuck mitlite kopa skin.
Persevere, persist; kwanesum; mamook.
Person, tillikum.
Persuade, wawa pe toto.
person, tillikum.
Persuade, wawa pe toto.
Peruse, mamook read.
Pervert, mamook huloima;.
Petrified, chako stone.
Petticoat, kalakwahtie; keekwulee coat
kopa Ijlootchman; petticoat; kalak-
wapte.
Photograpli, tzum seahost.
Physic, lametsin.
Physician, doctin.
Physiology, hook yaka mamook kum
tuks nesika kopa nesika self.
Pick (n.), pick; (v), iskum; tikegh.
Picnic, muckamuck.
Picture, tzum; papah.
Piehald, le kye.
Piece, sitkum.
Piety, kloshe tumtum kopa Saghalie
Tyee.
Pig, cosho; tenas cosho.
Pigeon, pig'eon; kwass kala kala.
Pile (n.), hiyu.
Pilot, pilot; man yaka mamook cooley.
Pill, lametsin.
steamer, or boat or ship.
Pin, kwekwiens; pin; kwekweens; kwek-
wiut.
Pine, lagome stick.
Pint, sitkum quart.
Pipe, la psep; pipe.
Pitch, la gome.
Pitchy, la gome mitlite.
Pity (v), mamook klahowya.
Place (his.), kah yaka mitlite.
Plain (n.), kloshe lllahee.
Plain (adj.), kloshe; delate.
Plan (n.), tumtum.
Plan (v.), mamook tumtum.
Flank, laplash.
Plate, la siet; plate.
Play (n.), heehee.
Play (v.), mamook heehee.
Playhouse, heehee house.
Play with stringed instrument, mamook
tuletule.
Plead, skookum wawa.
Pleasant, please; kloshe.
Pleased, youtl; kwatl.
plentiful, plenty; hiyu.
Plow, Plough, (n.), le shalloo; plow;
klugh.
Plow, Plough, (v.), mamook plow; ma-
mook kokshut illahee; klugh illahie.
Plural, hiyu.
Pole, la pehsh; pole.
Poll tax, taxes kopa latet.
Polygamlst, man yaka mitlite hiyu
klootchman.
Pompous, hyas tumtum.
Fond, mimoluse chuck.
Ponder, mamook tumtum.
Pool, tenas chuck.
Poor, klahowya; halo Ikta; klahowyum.
Pope, lepap.
Popular, kloshe kopa hiyu tillikums.
Population, tillikums.
Pork, cosho; cosho itlwillie.
Possess, mitlite.
Possihle, skookum kopa.
Postmaster, tyee kopa papah house
Postpone, wawa "alki mamook."
Posteriors, opoots.
Potato, wappatoo; lapatak.
Potent, skookum.
Pound, pound; till.
Pour, mahsh; wagh.
Poverty, klahowya.
Powder, polallie; powder.
power, skookum.
Practical, kloshe; delate kumtuks ma-
mook.
practice, mamook.
Prairie, kloshe illahee; tupso illahee.
Prairie Wolf, talapus; hyas opoots tala-
pus.
Praise, wawa mahsie.
Pray, wawa kopa saghalie tyee.
prayer, wawa kopa saghalie tyee; plie;
laprier; talapusha.
Preacher, leplet.
Precious, hyas kloshe; hyas mahkook.
Precise, delate.
Predecessors, klaksta man yaka mitlite
elip.
Preface, elip wawa.
Prefer, elip tikegh.
Pregnant, mitlite tenas kopa yaka belly.
Prepare, mamook kloshe; mamook ready.
Prepare (passive), chako ready.
Present (n. v.), cultus potlatch.
Presently, alkie; winapie.
Preserve, kloshe nanitch.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
57
President, president; tyee kopa Wash-
ington.
Frees, mamook kwotl.
Pretend, halo delate mamook or wawa.
Pretty, kloshe; toketie.
Prevail, tolo.
Price (what), kunjih dolla.
Prick, mamook kahkwa needle.
pride, proud; youtl tumtum.
Priest, le plet.
Prime, ellp.
Print, mamook tzum.
Prior, elip.
Prison, skookum house.
Prisoner, tillikum kopa skookum house.
Private, kopet ikt.
Probably, klonas nawitka.
Probably Not, klonas halo.
Proclaim, Proclamation, wawa.
Profane, wake kloshe kopa saghalie tyee.
Profit, tolo. ,
ProETenitor, ahnkuttie papa.
ProMbit, mamook stop; mamook kopet.
Promise, delate wawa. •
Prompt, hyak.
Prophet, leplet ysika wawa elip; plopet.
Prosper, tolo.
Protect, kloshe nanitch.
Proud, youtl; kwetlh; proud tumtum;
youtl tumtum.
ProteBtantlsm, Boston plie.
Prove, delate kumtuks; prove.
Provide, iskum iktas; kloshe nanitch.
Provided Tbat, spose.
Providence, saghalie tyee.
Provoke, mamook solleks.
Provoke (passive), chako solleks.
Prow, nose kopa boat or ship.
Prowl, cultus klatawa.
Public, kloshe kopa konoway tillikums.
Publlsli, mamook kumtuks.
Pug'ilist, man yaka tikegh pight.
Pugnacious, tikegh pight.
Puke, muckamuok yaka kilapie; kilapie
muckamuck; mahsh yaka muckamuk
klahanie kopa yaka lapush.
Pull, haul.
Pull Off, mamook haul; mamook tlak.
Pup, Puppy, tenas kamooks.
Purchase, mahkook.
Purgatory, tenas piah.
Pure, delate kloshe.
Purple, wake siah klale.
Purpose, tumtum.
Purse, dolla yaka lesak; lesak kopa dolla.
Pursue, klatawa kimta.
Push, mamook push; kwutl.
Put, mahsh.
Putrid, humm.
Putrify, chako humm.
Puzzle (v.), halo klap tumtum.
Q
Quail (n.), illahee; kulakala.
Quail (v.), chako kwass.
Quarrel, solleks wawa; tenas pight.
Quarrel (v.), chako solleks; mamook
pight.
Quarter, tenas sitkum.
Quarter (of a dollar), kwahta.
Quarterly, ikt time kopa klone moon.
Quartz, tkope stone.
Queen, tyee klootchman.
Queer, huloima.
Quell, Quench, mamook kopet.
Questions, wawa.
Quick, Quickly, hyak.
Quiet, kwann.
Quills, tepeh; kalakala yaka tupso.
Quilt, quilt; tzum paseesie.
Quilt, kopet.
Quiver, stick kalitan lesak.
Quorum, ellp sitkum.
R
Babid, hyas solleks.
Babble, cultus tillikums.
Babbit, kwitshadie; kwitshoddie.
Bace, hyak oooley.
Bace Horse, cooley kuitan; kuitan yaka
kumtuks cooley.
Bagg'ed, itkas yaka kokshut.
Bain, snass.
Baise, mahiook saghalie.
Bainy, hiyu snass.
Bake, comb kopa illahee.
Bamble, cultus cooley.
Bancli, illahee; ranch.
Bap, mamook kokshut; koko.
Bape, kapswalla klootchman.
Bapid, hyak.
Bapids, skookum chuck; cooley chuck.
Bare, wake hiyu.
Bascal, mesachie tillikum.
Bash, cultus mamook hyak.
Basp, hyas me; hyas lallm.
Baspberries, seapho olallie; itlawa.
Bat, hyas hoolhool; colecole.
Bather, elip tikegh.
Battle, shugh (sh^ke).
Battlesnake, shugh opoots; shek opoots.
Bave, chako clazy.
ttaven, kaka.
Bavr, wake yaka piah; halo piah.
Bazor, Knife, opitsah.
Bazor Pish, ona.
Reach, ko; iskum; mamook kwotl.
Bead, Bead, kumtuks papah.
Beal, Beally, delate.
Beap, mamook cut.
Bear, kimta.
Beason (v.), mamoon tumtum.
Beason (What), (n.), pe kahta.
Beassemble, wegt klatawa.
Beassert, weght wawa.
Bebel, Bebellion, pight kopa tyee.
Bebuild, weght mamoon house.
Bebuke, skookum wawa.
Becall, weght wawa.
Becede, kilapie.
Receive, iskum.
Becent, chee.
Beckon, mamook tumtum.
Becliue, mitlite.
Becognize, kumtuks.
BecoUect, klap tum turn.
58
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Becommend, wawa kloshe.
Beconquer, weght tolo.
Beconsider, weght mamook tumtum.
Becount, weght wawa.
Becover, iskura.
Becreatlon, kloshe time.
Bectiuu, opoots.
Becuiubent, mitlite.
Bed, pil.
Bedden, pilpil.
Beddish, wake siah pil; kahkwa pil.
Bed Hot, hyas warm pe chako pil.
Beduce, mamook keekwulee.
Be-embark, weght klatawa kopa hoat.
Be-enter, weght klatawa kopa house.
Beflne, mamook delate kloshe.
Beform, chako kloshe.
Befresh, chako chee.
Befuud, kilapie dolla.
Befuse (n.), cultus ikta.
Befuse (v.), wawa halo; (if unobliging-
ly) mamook kwish.
Begret, sick tumtum.
Begxilar, kwanesum kahkwa.
Beject, mahsh.
Bejolce, youtl tumtum.
Belate, To, yiem; wawa.
Belatlon, Belatlve, tillikum.
Belease, mahsh; mahsh kow.
Beliable, kloshe; halo nika kwass kopa
yaka; (I am not afraid of him, or ha
is reliable).
Belief, help.
Believe, mamook help; potlatch help.
Bellg'ion, saghalle tyee yaka wawa.
Belish, kloshe kopa lapush.
Bemain, mitlite.
Bemaindex (Wliat?), kunjih mitlite.
Bemainder (This is), okoke mitlite.
Bemarry, weght malieh.
Bemedy (n.), kloshe lametsin.
Bemedy (v.), mamook kloshe.
Bemember (To not forget), mitlite kopa
tumtum; wake kopet kumtuks.
Bemember (To remember after taavinef
forg'otten), klap tumtum.
Bemit, mahsh.
Bemorse, sick tumtum.
Bemote, siah.
Bemouut, weght klatawa saghalie.
Bemove; mahsh, lolo.
Bend, mamook kokshut.
Benew, mamook chee.
Benown, hyas kloshe nem.
Bepalr, mamook kloshe.
Bepeal, mamook halo.
Bepeat, weght wawa.
Beply, kelapie wawa.
Beprove, potlatch skookum wawa.
Beside, mitlite.
Besolute, skookum tumtum.
Besolve, mamook tumtum.
Best, cultus mitlite.
Bestauraut, muckamuck house.
Besurrect, Besurrection, get up.
Betreat (v.), Beturn, Beverse, kellpi;
kilapie.
Beview, mamook tumtum.
Bevive, wind kilapie; kilapie wind.
Bibbon, le loba.
Bice, lice.
Bich, halo klahowya; mitlite hiyu iktas
pe dolla.
Bid (Get rid of), mahsh.
Bide, klatawa kopa kuitan or chikohlk.
Bidicule (n.), shem; heehee.
Bidicule (v.), mamook shem; mamook
heehee.
Bifle, callipeen.
Big'ht, kloshe.
Big'lit Hand, kloshe lemah.
Bing', kweokweo.
Sing the Bell, mamook tintin.
Bipe, piah.
Bipen, chako piah.
Bise, Get TJp, mltwhit.
Bisk, cultus kopa nika; (I will risk it)
halo nika kwass.
Biver, chuck; cooley chuck; liver.
Boad, ooakut; wayhut.
Boam, Klatawa kah.
Boan Colored, sandelie.
Boast, mamook la pellah; mamook piah;
mamook cook.
Bob, kapswalla.
Bobin, pil koaten.
Bock, Stone, hyas stone.
Bocky, hiyu stone mitlite.
Boe (of Fish), pish eggs; pish lesep.
BoU, kalapie.
Boot, stick keekwulee kopa illahee.
Bope, lope.
Bosary, leshaple.
Bose (n.), kloshe tupso.
Bosin, lagome; kull lagome.
Bot, chako rotten.
Botten, poolie; rotten.
Bound, lolo; lowuUo; (whole; the entire
of anything).
Bove, cultus klatawa; cultus cooley.
Bow (v.), mamook lalahm.
Bower, man yaka kumtuks mamook
lalahm.
Bnbber Coat, snass coat.
Bndder, boat opoots; ludder.
Bude, cultus.
Buin, mamook halo.
Bum, lum; whiskey.
Burner, cultus wawa.
Bun, hyak cooley.
Bun Away, kapswalla klatawa.
Bnpture, kokshut.
Bust, pil ikta kopa chikamin.
S
Sabbath, Sunday, Sante.
Sable, mink.
Sack, le sak.
Sacrament, Jesus yaka muckamuck;
sacrani'enta; saklema.
Sacred, kloshe kopa saghalie tyee.
Sad, sick tumtum.
Saddle, la sell.
Saddle Housing's, pe pishemo
Safe, kloshe.
SaU, sail.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
59
Sailor, shipman.
Saint, Ctaiistian, lesai; sal before the
names of men, except those which be-
gin with vowels; salt before those of
females and nouns which begin with
vowels.
Saints, lesai.
Saint Jolin, Sal Sha.
Salesman, mahkook man.
Sallal Berries, sallal olallle.
Salmon, salmon.
Salt, salt.
Same, kahkwa.
Sand, polallle; polallle lllahee; tenas
stone kahkwa polallle.
Sanguine, skookum tumtum.
Sap, chuck kopa stick.
Sasli, la sanjel; belt.
Satan, lejaub; diaub.
Satanic, kahkwa lejaub.
Satisfied (I am), kloshe kopa nlka.
Saturday, taghum sun.
Savage, Wild, old pashion; slwash.
Save, Iskum.
Saw, la gwin; la sole; lasee.
Say, to, wawa; wauwau; nah.
Scales, Ikta kopa mamook till.
Scant, S<»nty, wake hlyu.
Scarce, wake hlyu.
Scarf, hyas sail kopa neck.
Scare, mamook kwass.
Scatter, mahsh konoway kah.
Scent (n.), humn.
Scent (v.), mamook humn.
Scholar, tenas kopa school; school tenas
Scbooner, mokst stick ship.
Scissors, le seezo; sezo.
Scold, skookum wawa. '
Scream, hyas skookum cly.
Scripture, Bible, saghalie tyee yaka book
or papah.
Scythe, hyas knife kopa hay; youtlkut
opltsah.
Sea, salt chuck; sea.
Seal, olhlyu; slwash oosho.
Second, mokst.
Secret, ipsoot.
Secure, kloshe.
Seduce, kapswalla.
See, to, nanitsh.
Seek, mamook hunt; klatawa pe tikegh
klap.
Seize, iskum.
Seldom, wake hlyu.
Select, iskum ikta mika tikegh.
Sell, to, mahsh mahkook. (Eells says,
"Mahsh is now used, to sell, and
huyhuy to trade and exchange
mahkook, to buy.)
Send, mahsh.
Senior, elip.
Sense, kumtuks; latet.
Separate (adj.), huloima.
Separate (v.), mamook cut.
serious, wake heehee.
Sermon, saghalie tyee yaka wawa.
Serpent, oluk; snake.
Servant, kahkwa elite.
Serve, mamook.
Seven, sinamoxt ; sinamokst.
Seventeen, tahtlum pe sinamokst.
Seventy, sinamokst tahtlum.
Several, tenas hlyu.
Sew, to, mamook tipshin; mamook sew.
Shackle, mamook kow; mahsh chikamin
kopa yaka lemah.
Shake, to, toto; hullel.
Shaker ("A religious sect which arose
on Puget Sound about 1882 somewhat
allied In principle to the Messiah
craze; and which took its name from
the rapid, nervous shaking of its fol-
lowers." — Eells.)
Shall, alki; by by; winaple.
Shallow, wake keekwulee.
Shame, shem.
Shameless, halo shem; halo kumtuks
shem.
Share (It is my), okoke nikas; okoke
kopa nlka.
Shark, shark; hyas kamooks pish.
Sharp, yahkisilth; sharp; tsish;
pahkisilth; iakesilh.
Sharpen, to, mamook tsish.
Shatter, mamook kokshut.
She, Her, yahka; yaka.
Sheep, le mooto; lummeto.
Sheet, sail.
Shell Money (the Small size), coopcoop;
allekacheek. (The large) hykwa;
haikwa.
Shingle, lebahdo.
Shine (v.), mamook kloshe.
Shining, towagh.
Ship, ship.
Shirt, shut.
Shoal, wake keekwulee.
Shoes, shoes; shu&li; tkitllpa.
Shoot, to, mamook poo.
Shore, lllahee.
Shore (Towards), matline.
Short, yuteskut; halo long.
Shortly, alkie; winaple.
Shot, shot; tenas le bal; kalltan.
Shot Fouch, kalltan lesac; tsolepat.
Shoulders, okchok.
Shout, to, hyas wawa.
Shovel, la pell.
Shower, tenas snass.
Shriek, skookum wawa.
Shudder, kwass pe shake.
Shut, to, ikpooie; mamook ikpooie.
Shy, kwass.
Sick, sick; etsitsa.
Sicken, mamook sick.
Sickly, tenas sick.
Side, side; (this side, yukwa; that side,
yaiiwa. )
Sift, to, toto.
Sigh, tenas cly.
S^htless, halo nanitch; blind.
Sign, kahkwa picture.
Silence (n.), halo noise.
Silence (v., imp.), kopet noise; howh.
Silk, la sway; lasoy; laswa; silk cloth;
skookum sail.
GO
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Silly, kahkwa pelton.
Silver, tkope chikamin; tkope dolla.
Similar, kahkwa.
Sinuuer, tenas liplip.
Simply, kopet.
Sin, Sinful, mesachle; lepeshe.
Since, kimta.
Sincere, delate.
Sing', to, shantie.
Sing-le, kopet ikt.
Sink (to), mahsh keekwulee; (it sinks)
klatawa keekwulee; klip.
Sinner, mesachiie tillikum.
Sip, muclcamuck chuck.
Simp, melass; silup.
Sister, kahpho (if older than the
speaker) ; elip ats.
Sisterly, kahkwa ats.
Sit, to, initllte.
Six, taghum; tohum.
Sixteen, tahtlum pe taghum.
Sixty-one, taghum tahtlum pe ikt.
Size (what), kunjih hyas.
Skeptic, man yaka halo Iskum saghalie
tyee yaka wawa.
Skill, kumtuks mamook
Skin, skin-
Skull, botie kopa seahost (point to it).
Skunk, hum opoots; peshes, piupiu;
skubeyou.
Sky, koosagh; saghalie; ekusah.
Slab, cultus laplash.
Slander, mesachie wawa; kliminawhit
wawa.
Slap, mamook kokshut.
Slave, elite; mistchimas; mistshimus.
Slay, mamook mimoluse.
Sleep, mdosum; sleep.
Sleepless, halo moosum; halo sleep.
Sleepy, tikegh moosum; tikegh .sleep.
SleiiTlit ol hand, tamanous.
Sligrht (adj.), tenas.
suns' (v.), mahsh.
Slln^ (n.), tenas lope kopa mahsh stone.
Slip, wake siah fall down.
Slippery, cultus; loholoh.
Slow, Slowly, klahwa; wake hyak.
Slut, klootchman kamooks.
Sly, ipsoot.
Small, tenas.
Smell, a, humm.
Smile, tenas heehee.
Smite, mamook kokshut.
Smoke (n.), smoke.
Smoke (v.), mamook smoke.
Smoky (very), hiyu smoke.
Smooth, kloshe.
Snake, oluk; wahpoos; snake.
Snare, Trap, lapeage; kwalta.
Snow, snow; cole snass.
So, kahkwa.
Soak, mitlite kopa chuck.
Soap, soap.
Soft, klimmin.
Sou, illahee.
Soldiers, 'sogers.
Solely, kopet.
Solicit, wawa; ask.
Solitary, kopet ikt.
Some, tenas hiyu; sitkum.
Sometimes, tenas hiyu times.
Somebody, ikt man; klonas klaksta.
Son, tenas.
Soon, alki.
Sorcerer, tamahnous man.
Sore, sick.
Sorrel Colored, a sorrel horse, le blau:
pil; pil kuitan.
Sorry, Sorrow, sick tumtum.
Soul, tumtum; sele.
Sound, noise; latlah.
Soup, lasup; liplip muckamuck.
Sour, kwates; sour.
South, kah sun mitlite kopa sitkum sun.
Sow (n.), klootchman cosho.
Sow (v.), mahsh.
Spade, la pell.
Spanish flies, piah lametsin.
Spark, tenas piah.
Sparrow, tenas kalakala.
Speak, to, wawa.
Speaker, wawa man; man yaka kumtuks
wawa.
Spectacles, glass seahost; dolla seahost;
lakit seahost.
Speed, speedy, hyak.
Spend, mahsh.
Spider, skookum (when spoken of as a
tamahnous.
Spill, to, wagh; mahsh.
Spine, bone kopa back.
Spirit, tumtum; life.
Spirits, tamahnous.
Spirits, lum; whiskey.
Spit, mahsh lapush chuck; mamook toh.
Splendid, hyas kloshe.
Split, to, mamook tsugh; mamook kok-
shut; wagh; tsugh.
Split (passive), kokshut; chako kokshut;
ohako tsugh.
Spoil, mapiook spoil; mamook mesachie;
mamook cultas.
Spoil (passive), spoil; chako spoil; puli.
Spoon, spoon.
Sport, heehee.
Spotted, tzum; le kye.
Spring' (v.), sopen; jump.
Spring', (n.), tenas waum illahee.
Spurs, le see bio.
Spy, nanitch skookum.
Squall, skookum wind pe snass.
Squaw, Siwash klootchman.
Squeal, wawa kahkwa cosho.
Squeeze, kwutl.
Squirrel, skwiskwis; kwiskwis.
Stab, to, klemahun; mamook cut; mam-
ook kokshut kopa knife.
Stable, kuitan house.
Stag", man mowitch.
Stage, chikchik; tsiktsik.
Stag'per, klatawa kahkwa pahtlum man.
Stale, oleman.
Stallion, man kuitan; yaka mitlite stone;
stud horse.
Stamps (postage), tzum seahost.
Stand, to, mitwhit.
THE CHINOOK JARGON
61
stars, tsiltsll; ohilchil.
Stare, skookum nanltoh.
Start, klatawa; chee klatawa.
State, hyas illahee.
Stay, to, mitlite.
Steady, (be), kloshe nanitch.
Steal, to, kaps walla; kapsualla.
Steam, smoke.
Steamer, plah ship; steatn«r; steamboat.
Steel, chikamin; plah chlkamin.
Steer, tenas man moosmoos.
Stench, humm ; piuplu.
Stem, opoots.
Stew, mamook lipllp; lakanlm.
Stick, a, (n.), stick.
Stick, (v.), mamook cut; mamook kwotl.
Still, (be), kloshe kopet.
Still, (adj.), kloshe.
Stlner, (n.), opoots klemahun.
Stink, a, piuplu; humm.
Stir, tenas klatawa.
Stirrup, sitlay.
Stocklnffs, stocken; kushis.
Stomacli, Belly; yakwahtin.
Stone, stone.
Stony, kahkwa stone; stone mitlite.
Stooped, kaulkek; lah.
Stop, (active), mamook kopet; ikpooie;
ka.
Stop, to, (Imp.), kopet.
Store, mahkook house.
Storekeeper, mahkook man.
Storm, (wind), hiyu wind; (rain), hiyu
snass.
Story, enkahnam; wawa; yiem.
Stove, stob; stove,
Stralg'ht, delate, or delet; sipah.
Stral^ten, mamook delate.
Strang'e, huloima.
Strangfer, huloima tillikum.
Strap, (n.), skin lope.
Strap, (v.), mamook kow.
Strawberries, amote ; ahmoteh.
Stray, cultus klatawa; klatawa kah.
Stream, chuck; oooley chuck.
Street, ooakut kopa town.
Strike, mamook kokshut.
String', tenas lope.
Stripe, tzum.
Strive, mamook skookum.
Stroll, cultus klatawa; cultus cooley.
Strong, skookum.
Strongly, kahkwa skookum.
Student, school tenas; tenas kopa school.
Study, mamook tumtum kopa papah or
book. '
Stupendous, delate hyas.
Stupid, halo latet; kahkwa pelton.
Stupor, kahkwa mimoluse.
Sturgeon, stutchun.
Subdue, Subject, tolo; kuon.
Sublime, hyas kloshe.
Submerge, mahsh keekwulee kopa chuck.
Submit, kopet.
Subscribe, mamook tzum.
Subsequent, kimta.
Subsistence, muckamuck.
Subtract, mamook haul.
Succeed, tolo.
Sucli, kahkwa.
Suck, muckamuck.
Sucker, katake.
Sudden, Suddenly, hyak.
Sugar, shuga; le sook; shugah; shukwa.
Sugary, kahkwa shuga.
Suicide (to commit), mamook mimoluse
yaka self.
Stiitable, kloshe.
Sulky, Sullen, solleks.
Sum, konoway.
Summer, waum illahee.
Summon, wawa kloshe yaka chako.
Sun, sun; otelagh.
Sunday, Sunday; Sante.
Sunlight, sun yaka light.
Sunrise, tenas sun; get up sun.
Sunset, tenas polaklie; klip sun.
Sup, Supper, muckamuck kopa tenas
polaklie.
Superb, hyas kloshe.
Superior, ellp kloshe.
Supervise, kloshe nanitch.
Supplant, tikop ooakut. (St. O.),. To
cut one's road).
Support, kloshe nanitch; Potlatch mucka-
muck pe konoway iktas.
Suppose, spose; pos.
Supreme, ellp hyas kopa konoway.
Sure, delate; delate kumtuks.
Surgeon, doctin.
Surmise, mamook tumtum; tumtum.
Surprise, mamook tumtum; ikta okoke.
Surrender, kopet.
Survey, mamook tzum illahee.
Survivor, man halo mimoluse.
Suspect, (I), nika tumtum kahkwa; pe
halo nika delate kumtuks.
Swallow, (n.), tenas kalakala.
Swallow, (v.), muckamuck.
Swan, kahloke; kahloken; cocumb;
ouwucheh; keluk.
Swap, huyhuy.
Swear, wawa mesachie; mamook swear.
Sweat, chuck kopa skin.
Sweep, to, mamook bloom.
Sweet, tsee, kahkwa shuga.
Sweetheart, (my), nika tenas klootch-
man, or tenas man.
Swell, chako hyas.
Swift, hyak.
Swift -water, skookum chuck.
Swim, sitshum; mamook swim.
Swine, cosho.
Swing, hang.
Sympathy, sick tumtum kunamokst.
T
Table, la tahb.
Tacks, tenas nails; tenas lecloo.
Tail, opoots.
Take, to, iskum.
Take care, iloshs nanitch.
Take off, or out, mamook haul; mamook
klah; mamook klak; mahsh.
Talk, wawa.
Talkative, hiyu wawa.
62
THE CHINOOK JARGON
Tale, or Story, wawa; yiem; ehkahnam.
Tall, hyas long.
Tallow, moosmoos glease.
Tambonrlne or Indian Sruiu, pompom.
Tame, (adj.), halo wild; halo lemolo;
kwann.
Tame, (v.), mamook kwann.
Tame, Kwass. (Gibbs.)
Tan, mamook klo^he skin; mahsh yakso
Kopa skin.
Tap, tenas kokshut.
Tart, tenas sour; tenas kwates.
Task, mamook.
Taste, tenas muckamuck.
Tattle, cultus wawa; yiem.
Tavern, muckamuck house.
Tea, tea.
Teach, to, mamook kumtuks; mamook
teach.
Tear, (n.), chuck kopa seahost.
Teat, Tatoosh.
Tedious, till; long.
Teetotaler, man yaka halo kumtuks
muckamuck whiskey or lum.
Teetli, la tah; teeth; ledan; letal; lanes;
otsotsach.
Tell, to, wawa; yiem.
Temple, hyas church house.
Tempt, tikegh haul kopa mesachie.
Ten, tahtlum; tahtlelum.
Tend, kloshe nanitch.
Tender, wake kuU; waka skookum.
Tent, sail house.
Term, (of school), kwahta.
Terrible, Terror, delate hyas mesachie.
Territory, hyas illahee.
Testament, saghalie tyee yaka papah or
book.
Testicles, stone, bone.
Testimony, wawa kopa court.
Testify, wawa kopa court; delate yiem.
Than, kopa.
Thanks, Thankful, Thank you, mahsie.
That, okoke.
That way, yahwa.
Thaw, (water), chako chuck; (land),
chako klimmin.
The, sometimes okoke is used, a very
definite the, almost equal to that.
Thee, mika.
Theft, kapswalla.
Their, Theirs, klaska; kopa klaska.
Them, klaska.
Themselves, klaska self.
Theology, saghalie tyee yaka wawa.
There, yahwa; kopa.
Thereabout, wake siah yahwa.
They, klaska.
Thick, (as molasses), pitlilh; pitlih.
Thief, kapswalla man; tillikum, yaka
kumtuks kapswalla.
Thig'h, lapea yahwa; (pointing to it).
Thin, (as a board), pewahte; tewhate;.
iakesilh; pchih; pewhattie.
Thine, mika.
Thing-, ikta; iktah.
Thing's, iktas.
Think, tumtum; mamook tumtum; pit-
luck.
Third, klone.
Thirsty, olo kopa chuck.
Thirteen, tahtlum pe klone.
Thirty, klone tahtlum.
Thirty-one, klone tahtlum pe ikt.
This, okoke; ok.
This way, yukwa.
Thither, yahwa. i
Thorn, needle kopa stick.
ThOToug-h, delate.
Those, okoke.
Thou, thy, thine, mika.
Thoii^ht, tumtum.
Thoughtless, halo tumtum. '
Thousand, thousand; tahtlum tukamook;
hioh.
Thrash, mamook pat.
Thread, klapite, hwilom.
Threat, mamook kwass.
Three, klone.
Throng-, hiyu tillikums.
Troug-h, (by means of), kopa.
Throw, Thrust, Throw away, mahsh.
Thtunb, lemah (pointing to it).
Thunder, skookum noise kopa saghalie.
Thursday, lakit sun.
Thus, kahkwa.
Thyself, mika self.
Tide, chuck chako pe klatawa.
Tie, (v.), mamook kow.
Tiger, hyas pishpish.
Tlg-^t, skookum; kwutl.
Timber, stick.
Timid, kwass.
Tin, Tinware, malah; tin; matah.
Tint, tzum.
Tip, to, lagh.
Tire, (n.), chikamin mitlite kopa chik-
chlk.
Tired, till.
To, to-wards, kopa.
Tobacco, bacca; kinootl; kinoos; kitnoolth
Tobacco, bacca; kinootl; kinoos; kin-
oojth.
Today, okoke sun.
Tosrether, kunamokst.
Toil, mamook.
Tomb, mimoluse illahee.
Tonjorrow, tomoUa,
Tongue, la lang.
Ton^ht, okoke polakalie.
Too, kunamokst.
Toothache, sick kopa tooth, or ledan; or
ienes.
Top, (adj.), saghalie.
Tom, kokshut; tlah tlah.
Torpid, kahkwa mimoluse.
Toss, mahsh.
Total, konoway.
Toug-h, skookum; kull.
Tow, mamook haul.
Toward, kopa.
Towel, sail yoka mamoolv dly; seahost
pe lemah.
Track, tzum kah.
Trade, huyhuy.
Tradesman, mahkook man.
THE CHINOOK JARGON
63
Tradition, ahnkuttle tlUlkums klaska
wawa.
Trail, ooakut; wayhut; tenas ooakut.
Tramp, klatawa kopa lapea.
Transfer, lolo.
Transgressor, mesachle man.
Translate, mamook oooley kopa hulolma
lalang.
Transmit, mahsh; send.
Trap, la piege; trap; la peage; kwalta.
Trash, cultus iktas. ,
Travel, klatawa; cooley.
Traveler, man yaka hiyu cooley.
Treacherous, hyas tseepie; mesachle.
Treasurer, tillikum yaka kloshe nanltch
dolla.
Tread, klatawa.
Tree, stick.
Tree, fallen, whim stick.
Tremble, shake, hullel; hulul.
Trlhe, lalang.
Trick, tseepie mamook.
Trim (v.), mamook cut; mamook kloshe.
Trinity, saghalle tyee; (neslka papa, pe
yaka tenas Jesus) pe yaka Holy Spirit)
tllnlte.
Trot, to, tehteh.
Trouhle (n.), trouble.
Trouble (v.), mamook trouble; mamook
till tumtum.
Trowsers, sakolleks.
Trout, trout; tenas flsh; tzum salmon;
tenas salmon.
True, delate; halo kliminawhlt.
Truth, delate wawa.
Trunk, lacasset.
Tub, tamolitsh.
Tuesday;, mokst sun.
Ttim, kilaple; howh.
Turning', lahlah.
Turnip, turnip; lenawo; lamooow.
Twelve, tahtlum pe mokst.
Twenty, mokst tahtlum.
Twenty-one, mokst tahtlum pe ikt.
Twllig'ht, tenas polaklie.
Twine, tenas lope; klapite.
Twist, mamook kilapie (showing how).
Two, twice, mokst.
Tyro, halo kumtuks.
TJ
ITdder, totoosh or tatoosh.
Ugly, cultus; wake toketie.
TTltimate, kimta; halo huloima.
TTmbrella, tenas sail house kopa snass.
Unable, wake skookum; howkwutl;
awholt.
Unaccustomed, Unacquainted, halo kum-
tuks.
Unacquired, halo iskum.
Unaware, halo kumtuks.
Unappeased, halo chako kloshe tumtum.
Unbelief, halo iskum kopa tumtum.
Unbind, mahsh kow.
Unceasing, kwanesum.
Unchristian, halo kahkwa Jesus.
Uncivilized, wild.
Uncle, tot; uncle; papa or mama yaka
ow ; ehee.
Unclean, hiyu mesachle mitlite.
Unconscious, kahkwa mlmoluse.
Uncork, mamook open.
Under, keekwulee; keekwillie.
Understand, to, kumtuks.
Undoubted, delate.
Undress, mahsh iktas.
Undyingr, halo mlmoluse.
Unequal, wake kahkwa.
Unexpected (to me), nlka tumtum halo
yaka chako kahkwa.
Unexplored, halo klaksta nanitch.
Unfasten, mahsh kow.
Unfavorable, halo kloshe.
Unfinished, halo kopet.
Ung'odly, mesachie.
Unhappy, sick tumtum.
Unintelligible, halo kumtuks.
Unit, ikt.
Unite, mamook join; mamook kunamokst;
chako kunamokst.
universal, konoway.
Universe, konoway illahee konoway kah.
Unjust, wake delate.
Unkind, wake kloshe.
Unknown, halo kumtuks.
Unlawful, wake kloshe kopa law.
Unload, mahsh iktas.
Unlock, mamook halo lekleh.
Unmeaning', cultus; pelton.
Unmentionable, halo wawa.
Unnoticed, halo nanitch.
Unpopular, konoway tillikums halo
tikegh kahkwa.
'Unresolved, halo tumtum.
Unsalable, wake kloshe kopa mahkook.
Untamed, lemolo; wild.
Untanned, halo kloshe.
Untie, to, mahsh kow; mamook stoh.
Unto, kopa.
Untold, halo wawa.
Untrue, kliminawhit.
Unturned, halo kilapie.
Unusual, huloima.
Unwilling, halo tikegh.
Untrind, mamook kilapie.
Unwise, pelton.
Unwholesome, wake kloshe.
Unworthy, halo kloshe; wake kloshe;
mesachie.
Up, saghalie.
Upbraid, cultus wawa.
Upheave, mahsh kopa saghalie.
Uphold, mamook help; mamook skookum.
Uplajid, saghalie illahee.
Upon, saghalie kopa.
Upper, Uppermost, clip saghalie.
Uprlg'ht, delate; klosh; mitwhit.
Upset, Upside Down, kelipi; kilapie.
Upward, saghalie.
Urg-e, skookum wawa.
Urinate, mahsh chuck.
Us, nesika.
Use, mamook; use; mamook use.
Useful, kloshe.
Useles, cultus.
'Usual, kahkwa kwanesum.
64
THE CHINOOK JARGON
UtensU, ikta.
Vacant, halo.
Vaccinate, mahsh lametsin kopa lemah
yaka kloshe kopa smallpox.
Vag'aboud, cultus tillikum.
Veil, sail kopa seahost.
Vain, youth; proud.
Valiant, skookum tumtum.
Valise, tenas lacasset.
Valley, kloshe illahee; coulee.
Vancouver, kitsothot; kitsotkwa.
Vanish, chako halo.
Vary, mamook huloima.
Vary (passive), chako huloima.
Vast, hyas.
Veal, tenas moosmoos yaka itlwillie.
Vegretables, konoway muckamuck chako
kopa illahee.
Vehement, skookum.
VeMcle, chikchik.
Vein, kah pilpil mitlite (pointing to It).
Venereal, the, piah sick.
Veng-eance, hyas solleks.
Venison, mowitsh.
Verily, delate.
Vermine, inapoo.
Very, hyas.
Very Small, hyas tenas.
Vessel, ship.
Vest, la ween; la west.
Vice, mesachie.
Vicinity, wake siah.
Victor, tillikum yaka tolo.
Victory, tolo.
Victuals, muckamuck.
View, nanitch.
Vig'il, wake moosum.
Vigfila (the), levigil; pishil.
Vile, mesachie.
Villag'e, tenas town.
Villain, mesachie tillikum.
Violin, tin tin.
Vine, stick; youtlkut tupso; stick
kahkwa lope.
Violent, skookum.
Violet, kloshe tupso.
Viper, tenas oluk.
Virg'in, tenas klootchman; klootchman
halo kumtuks man; haloman.
Virtuous, kloshe.
Vision, nanitch.
Visit, klatawa pe nanitch.
Voice, wawa.
Volcano, piah mountain.
Vomit, to, wagh; mahsh muckumuck;
muckamuck kilapie.
Vote, mamook vote.
Voyagre, klatawa kopa boat or ship.
W
Wade, klatawa kopa lapea kopa chuck.
Wag', heehee man.
Wag-on, chikchik; tsiktsik.
Wail, hiyu cly.
Walt, mitlite; winapie.
Wake, halo sleep; halo moosum.
Waken, mamook gel up.
walk, klatawa kopa lapea.
Wall, skookum kiilaghan; skookuir
pence. .
Waltz, tanse.
Wander, to, cultus klatawa; tsolo.
Want, to, tikegh.
War, pight.
Warble, sing kahkwa kalakala.
Warm, waum.
Waming, potlatch kumtuks kopa
mesachie; mamook kumtuks kopa
mesachie.
Warrior, sogers; pight tillikum.
Wash, to, mamook wash.
Wasp, andialh.
Waste, cultus lost; cultus mahsh.
Watch (n.), tiktik; watch.
Watch (v.), kloshe nanitch.
Watchman, man yaka kwanesum kloshe
nanitch.
Water, chuck.
Waterfall, tumwater.
Waterspout, chuck ooakut.
Waver, wake skookum.
Waves, hiyu sea; chuck chako solleks.
Way, ooakut; wayhut.
We, nesika.
Weak, wake skookum; halo skookum.
Wear, mitlite.
Weary, till.
Wedding-, malieh.
Wednesday, klone sun.
Weed, cultus tupso.
Week, Sunday; week.
Weep, cly.
Weig-h, to, mamook till.
Welcome (to you), kloshe tumtum mika
chako.
Well then, abba.
Well (n.), tlwop.
Went, klatawa.
West, kah sun klatawa.
Wet, pahtl chuck; chuck mitlite.
Whale, ehkolie; ehkole; kwahnice; kwad-
dis; whale.
What, ikta; iktah.
What is the matter (if sick), kah mika
sick.
Wheat, sapolill; lewhet; lebley.
WTieel, chikchik; tsiktsik.
When, kansih; kunjih.
Whence, kah.
Where, kah.
Whet, mamook sharp.
Which, klaksta.
Whine, wawa kahkwa cly.
Whip, le whet; lawhip.
Whiskey, whiskey; lum.
Whisper, tenas wawa (showing how);
ipsoot wawa.
Whistle, mamook wind kopa lapush.
White, tkope.
Whiten, mamook tkope.
Whitewash, mamook pent tkope.
Who, klaksta.
Whole, konoway; lowullo; lolo.
Whose, klaksta.
AND HOW TO USE IT.
65
Why, pe kahta; kahta.
Wicked, mesahchie; mesachie; peshak.
Wide, klukulh; halakl.
Widow, klootchman yaka man mimoluse.
Wife, klootchman; oquackakull.
Wild, le molo; wild.
Wild Cat, hyas plshpish; siwash pish-
plsh;; kwalas.
Wild Onions, kalaka.
Will, The, tumtum.
Willow, eena stick.
Win, To, tolo.
Wind, wind.
Wind Instrument, tuttut; tuletule.
Windy, hiyu wind.
Wine, wine.
Wins', kalakala yaka lemali, tepeh.
Wink, mamook seahost.
Winnow, mamook toto.
Winter, cole illahee.
Wintry, kahkwa cole illahee.
Wipe, to, mamook dly; klakwun.
Wire, chikamin lope.
Wisdom, Wise, kuratuks.
Wish, to, tikegh.
Witch, tamahnous.
With, kunamokst; kopa.
Withdraw, mamook kilapie.
Without (not any), halo.
Without (not in), klahanie.
Wolf, leloo; wolf.
Wolf (Prairie), talapus.
Woman, klootchman.
Womanly, kahkwa klootchman.
Woman (old), lammleh; lummieh.
Womh, lesak kopa klootchman kah tenas
mitlite; belly.
Wonder, mamook tumtum.
Woo, hyas tikegh.
Wood, Wooden, stick.
Wool, sheep yaka tupso, lummeto yakso.
Woolen Caps, latuk.
Word,- wawa.
Work, to, mamook.
World, konoway okoke illahee.
Worn out, oleman; cultus.
Worry, sick tumtum.
Worship, wawa kopa saghalie tyea
Worse, clip mesachie; kimtah klosh.
Worst, elip mesachie kopa konoway.
Worthless, cultus.
Worthy, kloshe.
Wound, to, mamook, out; mamook kwotl;
klemahun.
Wrap, mamook kow.
Wrestle, mamook pight.
Wretched, hyas sick tumtum.
Wrist, lemah yahwa (point to it).
Writing*, tzum.
Write, to, mamook tzum; mamook peh-
pah.
Writer, tzum man.
Wrong*, wake kloshe.
Yankee, Boston man.
Yard, ikt stick.
Yawn, tikegh moosum.
Year, ikt cole.
Yearn, hyas tikegh.
Yell, hyas skooknm wawa.
Yellow, kawkawak.
Yelp, kamooks wawa.
Yes, nawitka; ahha.
Yes, indeed, nawitka.
Yesterday, tahlkie sun.
Yesternight, tahlkie polaklie.
Yield, kopet.
Yonder, yahwa.
You, Your (if stng-nlar), mlka.
You, your (if plural), mesika.
Yours, mlka; kopa mika; mikas.
Young*, tenas.
Young*er, elip tenas.
YO'ungest, elip tenas kopa konoway.
Yourself, mika self.
EBBATA.
Page 1, column 1, line 3, from bottom, for specific, read special.
Page 24, column 1, line 12, from top, for pues, read puis.
Page 39,- column 2, line 3, from top, for respelled word, read kloochman.
Page 46, column 1, line 27, from bottom, for allihee, read lllihee.
Kote Suggestions and criticism invited. George C. Shaw, 115 32nd Ave., Seattle
pbactical
AtVEI^TISIN(3
SERVICE
Tht only reuon why any mu should
■dvenne a lo pfoduce more piohl —
ArtHir BU(. Phew lad. L 42H>
190^..
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A, -iic^ <«^2rx< A*'^^/' «i/>t< ^^/^ jd«4^ ^CHu.^ -K^i-iev,,
(^^^£^■.5) ^m^^-
GEORGE C. SHAW
BIBLIOPHILE AND BIBLIOPOLE
115 THIRTY-SECOND AVE. SEATTLE, WASH.
5BSS5E5E
RA.RE AMERICANA: Early Western Voyages and
Travels. Out-of-print books found on short notice.
Libraries appraised and sold for owners.
Correspondence solicited.
PRINTERS WHO
REALLY KNOW
PHONES: MAIN 6279
INDEPENDENT 2196
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W. A. CALDER. Manager
INCORPORATED
SEATTLE
116 THIRD AVE. SO.
Authors having book manuscript ready for publication wiU find
our service unexcelled. If interested, it wiU pay you to see us.
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