Grammar with vocabularies of Volapük (the language of the world) for all speakers of the English language

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Grammar with vocabularies of Volapuk th

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GRAMMAR
WITH VOCABULARIES

OF

yOLAPUK:

<The L.ANGUAGE of the WORLD).

FOR

ALL SPEAKERS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
Second (greatly revised) edition.

Translated and Published ivith the consent of the Inventor
JOHANN Martin Schleyer,

W. A. SERET,

CERTIFICATED TEACHER OF THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE.

Ptjet tshers *
Glasgow: THOMAS MURRAY & SON.
London: WHITTAKER & Co.

FEntered at Stationers' Hall]. , ■.

1887. >>-' /

V.

'^ fv|4f)^^S^ft'^^3

y^'Zv/2. /

PREFACE.

"VoLAPiiK" (the Language of the World) was invented by
Mr. J. M. Schleyer of Litzelstetten ; in Baden , Germany ,
and published in the year 1880. Since that time it has made
rapid progress, and has already gained a firm footing in
Germany , Switzerland , Holland , Hungary , Italy , France ,
Sweden and especially in Austria and in Syria and Arabia,
having been introdused also into Russia (south), America ,
Asia , and the north of Africa.

It does not aim at setting aside the many languages at
present in use, but only at providing a common means of
intercourse between all nations.

It is quite unnecessary to explain to an enterprising nation
like the British , what the advantages of a common language are.
Many attempts have previously been made to compose such
a language, but this', "Volapiik ," surpasses them all for
brevity and clearness , and has been approved by high autho-
rities of different countries.

"Volapiik" has also the indispensable advantage of being
ver.y easily and quickly learnt.

Menade bal.
Piiki bal.

that is L —
One Mankind.
One Language.

W. A. SEBET.
GrLASGOW, 1887.

CHAPTEK I.

Alphabets (Lafabs).

§ 1.— World-alphabet (Volalafab). ■.
For the viniTersal language (Volapiikiko).
(1.) a, e, i, 0, u; a, 6, ii; = 8 vowels.
(2.) 0, j, s, X, z; \

1.' 1,' i' ^' ' > = 20 consonants,
h, K, 1, m, n, I

P, r, t, V, y; )

In all 28 letters.

§ 2. — Pronunciation of the 28 letters for the language of
the world.

(1.) All the vowels are pronounced long, full, and clearly,
thus : —

a, like the English o in father.

e, ,

, ,,

,,

a ,,

sale.

i, ,

> 1>

t»

e „

me.

Of ,

,,

,,

„

no

u, ,

,.

,,

„

to.

fl, ,

I)

:)

a „

any.

0, ,

5)

German

„

Schohe.

0, ,

French

eu „

peu.

». ,

n

)3

« 1.

une.

^. >

))

German

« „

fiber.

(2.) The pronunciation of the consonants in Volapuk will
require a little care and practice at first, although they are
very easy and clear.

c, like the English j in John,
/, „ >, sh „ shore,

s, ,, ,, s ,, storm

s, „ „ z ,, zero; when in the same syllable it

stands before a vowel.

1

GEAMMAB OF VOLA.PUK.

X, like the Bngliali x in box

2,

))

ts „ rats.

2.

German

z ,, all cases.

b,

English

b „ bleu.

d,

1)

d ,, dust.

f-

,,

f „ fast.

9'

51

g ., good.

e

,,

h „ here.^

h,

German

ch „ machen.

Ji,

broad Scotch gh in night

k,

English

k in key.

I,

1)

1, „ long.

m,

.,

m „ morning.

n.

,,

n „ never.

p.

,,

p „ purse.

r,

i>

r ,, rare.

t,

?»

t „ tune.

",

w „ wish.

y^

,,

y ,, yonder.

§ 3.— Writing of the letters.

(1.) The letters shown in § 1 are written like the English
letters.

(2.) The capital letters are just the same as the English
Ifctters, as :

A, E, I, 0, U.
C, J, S, X, z.

B, D, F, G.

H, K, L, M, N.
P, R, T, V, Y.
(3.) The capital letters for a, 5, u, are written thus —
A, 0, ii.
(4.) The capital letter for (') only gets a little teaTier (').
(5.) Besides these 28 letters, Volapiik has 10 other accents,
only used, however, in translation, to interpret sounds and
accents peculiar with some people or language; they are:
a, say ao, for the English a in all.

„ ta,

U J)

th „ the.

f,

„ la.

„ French

11 „ fito.

rr,

„ ra,

„ double

r „ ferry

^,

„ ma,

, French

m „ nom.

A

„ na,

1 >)

n „ mon.

GRAMMAK OP YOLAPUK.

<7, say na, for the, English ng in song.
/, „ sa, „ sharp sound before vowels.
j, „ zya, „ Trench j in je.
c, „ tzya, „ English ch „ cMld.

CHAPTER II.
Rules Concerning the Letters. (Noms Tonabas.)

§ 4. — In Volapuk every letter must be pronounced, none
is mute.

Ex. : — '■el, pronounced as hail, means hair.

yel, „ „ yale, „ year.

cil,^ „ „ jeel, „ child.

plied, „ ' „ plee-aid, „ praise.

bloda'et, „ „ blo-da-hate, „ hate between

brothers.

§ 5. — In Volapuk every sound is written by only one letter,
and every letter has only one. sound.

§ 6. — Each letter is pronounced in every case in exactly
the same way. In Volapuk the vowels are always long (quite
different from the English vowels. Ex. — See a in father, call,
shall, pale, mare, &c.)

§ 7. — In every word the stress, the accent, must be put on
ihe last syllable.

(Only in poetry this rule allows some freedom.)

§ 8. — The softened vowels are a, 6, u — of which the a
equals the French e, while the d and u are the very same
as the German o and ii.

§ 9- — Volapuk has no q and no iv; qu is written kv pro-
nounced" like qu in the English words — quite, question; w
is written v, and pronounced like w in the English word —
wisdom.

§ 10. — Volapuk avoids all sounds particular to one nation
or country, therefor it has not the English th nor the French
m and n as used 9,t the end of words, spoken through the
nose; but in Volapuk all letters must be pronounced clearly.

§ 11- — The u always sounds as the English « in full, but
never as in purity, miisic.

§ 12 — The letter J, without a point, sounds like zy, and
not like dzy.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

§ 13.— The a: always sounds like hs.

§ 14. — The z always sounds like ts.

§ 15.— The / is used instead of v and ph.

§ 16.— The g is like a soft k, as in good, gold, God.

§ 17.— The letter ' ' ■ (mark from the Greek) is a,lways pro-
nounced as h, in half, her.

§ 18.— The letter h in Volapuk sounds, like the ch in the
German language.

§ 19.— y, used for/, is always a sounding consonant, never
a vowel.

§ 20. — Volapuk has no diphthongs as oa in broad, ou in
found ; neither has it triphthongs as eau in beauty ; but every
letter has its own sound, therefor geil (height) is pronounced
gay-eel.

§ 21. — The unnatural sound of ng, as in long, song, does
not exist in VolapUk; when required, it may be represented
by the mark 7 (from the Greek).

§ 22. — To represent in Volapuk the letters ch, as sounding
in the words — Charles, child, one writes a c with a mark at
the top: c\

§ 23. — The names of the 28 letters are as follows —ordei-ed .
as in § 1 : —

(1.) a (as a in father), e (as the English a), i (as the English e), oj
u (as Q in cruel), a (as e in mess), 6 (as eu in the French adieu) •,
u (as the French u in une).

(2.) ja, sha, za, ksa, tsa ;
ba, da, fa, ga, ha;

ga (like the German ch), ka, la, ma, na;
pa, ra, ta, wa, ya; in which the a is pronounced as
the English letter a.

CHAPTER III.
Languages (Puks).

§ 24.— Advantages of our universal language (Bizugs Vola-
pfika obsik).

(1) Everybody knows that all living and ancient languages
show quantity of faults and difficulties which it is useless to
point out in this Grammar.

GBAMMAR OF YOLAPiiK.

(2.) The advantages of Volapiik are many, becaxise it avoida,
or at least tries to avoid, all such puzzling rules.

(3.) Volapiik is brief, and saves words to such an extent
that its usefulness will soon be seen- in telegraphing, for
instance.

(4.) Although very brief, Volapuk is clear, plain, and distinct
in its expressions, and as each expression has only one meaning,
no mistakes can be; made.

(5.) Volapuk is easily learnt, which certainly is one of its
lest qualities. In fact, any person who knows his own language
well, may learn, in one week, all the rules ofthe new language,
as there are no exceptions or irregularities whatever.

CHAPTER IV.

WOELD GrRAMMAB (VoLAGLAMAT).

§ 25. — The English language is the basis, or rather the
guide, for Volapuk, because it is the most wide spread language
at the present day, notwithstanding the confusion of its
spelling. Englishmen and people knowing the English language,
will soon perceive their advantage at the learning of Volapuk,
above people that can not speak English.

§ 26. — Like the Latin and the Russian languages, Volapuk
has no Articles ;, those found in its dictionary are used for^
literal translation only, thus the word fat means father, and
the father as well as a father.

§ 27. — If it is required to distinguish the sexes, the Noun
itself shows the masculine, while the feminine is formed by
placing the particle ji- (which has the same meaning and
also the same pronunciation as the , English "she") or the
particle of- directly before the Noun,only kept distinct from
it by a hyphen ( - ). The neuter gender is formed by affixing
the particle os to the noun, without any mark.

§ 28. — The plural of the neuter gender may be formed by
writing 6ss, or oz. Ex. —

this is good, atos bin6s gudik;

thesg (things) are good, at6ss bin6ss (binoms) gudik;
or, atoz b.noz gudik.

§ 29. — In Volapuk vowels or consonants are not doubled,
aor is it allowed to put many of them together Yet in the

6 6EAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

possessive singular and plural the second syllable, is freely-
added to the word. Ex. —

vilaKS, freedom of will;

yQAsusluk, dictionary, book of the words, vocabulary.
§ 30.— For the sake of children and old people, also for
some Asiatic nations, Volapuk often avoids the letters r, rr, ',.
h, c, ch, ng, th, jtj, &c.

§ 31. — Compound words (v5ds pekosiadol).

(1.) All compound words in Volapuk take the a of the
possessive singular; for example— householder, domakipel; dress-
maker, klotamekel, and not klotasmekel.

(2.) The possessive plural as, the adverbial o, or the .mark
for the accusative z, and other such like, may be used, more
clearly to denote the meaning of the word; or also to avoid
ambiguity.

(3.) In any case it may be better not to use compounds,
but rather' to write:

Mekel klotas; meaning: maker of dresses or klotasnjekel ;.
meaning: of dresses the maker.

§ 32.— The five hissing letters (c, j, s, x z,) do not end
words that can be conjugated, nor do they take the plural s,
which would give an unnatural sound.

§ 33. — In Yolapuk nouns, as primitive words, are made
monosyllabical if possible.

§ 34. — Volapuk has only one diminitive, that is, the addi-
tional U.

Ex. — dom, house; domjV, little, or small house.

§ 53.— (1.) All adjectives, numeral words, and pronoxms,
are usually placed directly after their nouns ; and in that
case they are not inflected to indicate number or gender,
(same as in English Grammar).

(2.) When used before, or without a noun, however, and
also in poetry, and in such oases where clearness requires it,
they must be changed, and take gender and number.

§ 36.- — The adverbs are the same as adjectives, and are
placed after the verba.

Should it be necessary to distinguish them from each other,
the adjective, used as an adverb, takes an o, that is iko, ta
the primitive word.

Ex. : — Noun. Adjective. Adverb,

gild. gaiik. guAiko,

good(ness). good. well.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK. 7

(In poetry this o may be added to all adverbs, even when
not actually required by this rule).

§ 37. — (1.) The digits, numeral words from 1 to 9 inclusive,
never take the plural s.

(2.) The words — "the ones", "the twos", &c.; are express-
ed as: the numbers one, the numbers two, &6.; or as balel,
telel, &c.

§ 38.— All tenfolds take the plural s.

§ 30. — All prepositions stand invariably before their noun.

§ 40. — The verb in Volapfik, for all forms of conjugation,
has always the same affixes for each of the different persons
in singular and plural.

§ 41. — In Volapuk all tenses (and persons) have their moods,
particles, imperatives, and subjunctives.

§ 42.— Volapiik uses only one negative, while two negatives
make a positive.

§ 43. — Conjunctions, used to join clauses, shall never be
omitted.

§ 44.— Capital letters are used only at the beginning of
"God", of the names opplied to the Deity, and also of individual
persons, places, &c.

§ 45. — Volapuk gives all freedom in syntax, but the usual
arrangement of the parts in a sentence is thus: —

Noun, pronoun, . number, adjective; predicate (verb), adverb
or preposition, with noun; extensions (4th, 2nd, 3rd case);
principal clause, subordinate clauses.

§ 46.- The dictionary shows that the greater part of words
for Volapiik are derived from the English, transforming those
ending in s, z, or other hissing sounds; and also much Con-
formity with the German, French, Spanish, and Latin languages
may be observed.

§ 47. — Polysyllabic "primitives, beginning with p3,, pe, pi
po, or pu, shall be used as little as possible, because they
appear so much alike the future tense of verbs, that mistakes
might be made. Rather use p6, pii, pla, pla, pli; or ba, bii. be.

§ 48.— Base rules (Lenoms, stabanoms).

I. SufBxa (affixed syllables).

(1.) a; e, and i stand with nouns.
(2.) u and u ,, ,, adjectives.

(3.) and 6 ,, „ pronouns, verbs, abverbs, and

interjections.

II, Prseflxa (paeflxed syllables) for verbs.

8 GRAMMAR OP VOLAPUK.

(1.) a, ai, and pa, pai — in the present tense.
(2.) a, e, i, and pa, pe, pi — in the perfect tense.
(3.) 0, n, and po, pu — in the future tense.

§ 49.— Principal rules (Glenoms). [SnfExa and Praefixa.)
A.ffixes and Prefixes. Formation of the plural (Fomam plunuma),
(1.) The mark for the plural is the letter S. The | plural
of all words is formed by adding S to the singular.
Ex. — fbluk, brook; bel, mountain.

(.bluks, brooks; bels, mountains,
fblod, brother; dom, house,
(^blods, brothers; doms, houses.
Form the plural of —
dog (dog); dlim (dream); dun (deed); fel (field); zib (food).

(2.) This rule, having no exceptions, showa a very great
advantage cpmpared with the irregularities of the English
language; as, for example, in —
man, men; box, boxes,
child, children; sky, skies.
knife, knives; foot, feet,
staff, staves; potato, potatoes,
tooth, teeth; mouse, mice,
ox, oxen; goose, geese.
§ 50. — Formation of feminine nouns. (Fpmam vodas jilik.)
To show a noun as feminine, the syllable fi- is prefixed
to, but kept separate from, the primitive word.
Ex. — pul, the boy; ji-pul, the girl,
son, the son; ji-son, the daughter,
gok, the cook; ji-gok, the hen.
dog, the dog,; ji-dog, the bitch,
blod, the brother; ji-blod, the sister,
jeval, the horse; ji-jeval, the mare,
fit, the milter; ji-fit, the spawner.
kosen, the nephew; ji-kosen, the nice,
stag, the hart; ji-stag, the roe.

diinan, the man-servant; ji-dUnan, the maid-servant,
golad, the buck: ji-golad, the doe.
§ 51-— To show a word as neuter, the syllable os is affixed
to it, and not kept distinct.

§ 52.— (1.) The possessive singular always ends in a.

Ex.— God, God; Goda, Gods.
(2.) The objective singular always ends in e.

Ex,— flen, the friend; flene, to the friend.

GUAMMAll or VOLAPUK. 9

(3.) The accusative (4th case) singular always ends in i.

Bz.— blod, the brother; blodi, the brother.
Note. — The English language has only three cases: the
nominative, the possessive, and the objective. Volapiik,
hovsrever, has five cases to shovsr a difference in sentences,
like — to the brother, and the brother, therefor it writes—
3rd case to the brother — blode.
4th „ the brother — blodi.
(4.) The vocative or 5th case is denoted by an o placed
before the noun like an interjection.
Ex. — men, man: men! man!
mens! men!
man, man: man! man!
mans! men!
Note. — Mark the difference in Volapiik between —
man, mans, and men, mens,
man, mans — means: man, men.
men, mens — means: human being, human beings.
Ex. — Grood mothers make intelligent men of their sons.
Mots gudik mekofs manis lisanik sonis ofsik.
Women, boys, men, and girls are human beings.
Voms, puis, mans, e ji-puls binoms mens.
(5.) The possessive plural always ends in as.

{a denotes the case, s the number.)
Ex, — pen, pen (nib); penas, of the pens (nibs).
(6.)- The objective plural always ends in es.
(e denotes the case, s the number.)
Ex. — dom, the house; domes, to the houses.
(7.) The accusative (4th case) plural always ends in is.

(i denotes the case, s the number.)
Ex. — glat, the glass; glatas, the glasses.
§ 53- — (1.) In Volapiik diminutives are formed by affixing
il to the primitive word.

Ex. — dom, house; Aomil small hoiise.
(2.) Adjectives are formed by adding ik to the primitive word,
Ex. — good, goodness; gu&ik, good.
(3.) The comparative degree is formed by adding ikum to
the primitive word, or urn to the adjective.
Ex — gudifc, good ; gndikum, better.
(4.) The superlative degree is formed by adding ikun to
the primitive word, or tin to the adjective.
Ex. — gaAik, good; gndiikm, best.
(5.) The numeral words when digits (from 1-9) end in I.

10

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

Ex bal, one; tel, two; kil, three.

(6.) The numeral words when tenfolds end in Is.
Ex.— baZs, ten; teZs, twenty; kife, thirty.
(7.) The numeral words of order end in id when adjectives.
Ex. — kil«a, the third.
(8.) The numeral words of order when used as adverhs end
in ido. ,

Ex.— kiMo, thirdly, in the third place.
foKcfo, in the fourth place,, &c.
(9.) The numeral words denoting repetition all end in na.
Ex.— balna, once; telna, twice.

kilsna, thirty times; folna, four times.
' (10 ) The numeral words denoting distribution take the letter
a before them which is kept quite distinct.
Ex.— a lul, every (each) five,
a mal, ,, ,, six.

(11.) The numeral words denoting a manifold, get the
letters ik.

Ex. — folik, fourfold; velik, sevenfold.
(12.) The numeral words when nouns all end in el.

Ex. — jeleZ, the eight; ziilel, the nine.
(13.) In Volapuk, verbs are derived from the numeral words
by adding ore to the numeral. This shows the verb in the
infinitive mood.

Ex. — tel, two; telon, to double.

vel, seven; velon, to multiply by seven.
(14.) The affixes for the verbs, are: —

1st person, oh.
2nd „ ol.
3rd „ om
of

on
ok
ons

SlNGBLAE.
Ex.

(masculine). „
(feminine). ,,
(neuter). ,,

(indefinite). ,,
(reflective). ,,
(polite).

Plural.
Ex.

2nd
(15.)

1st person, ohs,
2nd „ ols.
3rd „ oms (masculine).
11 II ofs (femlinine).

— bino5, I am.
duneZ, thou doest.
iSfom, he loves,
kano/, she can.
dalos, it may.
viloji, one will [self,
letonofc, one lets one'si
golons, you go.

— nobis, we know.
piikoZs, you speak,
penoms, they write,
givo/s , they (females)
give.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK. 11

3rd person oks (reflective). Ex. — klotomofo, also.

klotomsofc, they dress themselves.
Signs for the tenses of the active verbs, to be prefixed to
the verb in its conjugative form.

(16.) In the imperfect or past tense, a.

Ex. — afinoZ, thou finishedst.
(17.) In the perfect tense, e.

Ex. — egetom, he has got (received).
(18.) In the pluperfect tense, i.

Ex. — iplano/J she had planted.
(19.) In the future tense, o.

Ex. — oilinols, we shall or will drink.
(20.) In the future perfect tense, u.

Ex. — ukipoms, we shall or will have kept.
Signs for the tenses of the passive verbs, to be prefixed to
the verb in its conjugative form.
(21.) In the present tense, pa.

Ex. — ;paI6fols, thou art loved.
(22.) In the imperfect or past tense, pa.

Ex. — ^aselon, one was sold.
(23) In the perfect tense, pe.

Ex. — ^eliladoms, they have been read.
(24.) In the pluperfect tense, pi.

Ex. — pilogova, he had been seen.
(25.) In the future tense, po.

Ex. — ^ponulobs, we shall or will be renewed.
(26.) In the future perfect tense, pu.

Ex.— ^ustopon, one shall or will have been stopped.
(27.) The sign for the subjunctive mood is the affixed
syllable, la, kept distinct from the verb.

Ex. — pelob-Zn, that I may pay.
(28.) The affix for the imperative mood is the syllable Sd.

Ex.— domolsoVf, stay in (also 5s! or oz!)
(29.) The affix for a noun, to make it a verb in the infi-
nitive mood, is the syllable on.

Ex. : — lif, life ; Idf, love.

lifon, to live; lofon, to love.
(30.) The participle is always formed by the affix H.

Ex. — fulpl, filling; lifol, living.
(31.) The affix for the interrogative form is the syllable lif

Ex.— fitoms-Zi.? are they fishing? or, do they fish?
(32.) The affixed sign by which the name of a noun repro-
duces that of a quality, a symptom of the mind, is the syllable dl.

12 GEAMMAE OF VOLAPuK.

Ex. — kap, head; kapal, sense, genius; lad, heart;
ladal, kindness, heartiness.
§ 54- — Proper names. (Nems lonik.)

If it be required to make the plural of proper names that
end in a hissing soiind, asc, j, s, x, z; such may be done by
doubling the last letter, and pronouncing the word sharply.
Ex.— Mice, Darius, Blejj.
§ 55. — Yet we may state that in Volapiik the rule for
the plural of nouns is, without exceptions, by saying —

(1.) In Tola;^uk the plural always ends in a hissing sound.

(2.) If the singular of proper names ends already in

(c, j, s, X, z), (wich is yery seldom the case in Volopuk),

the last letter is doubled, and the word expressed short and

sharply.

(3.) If the singular does not end in c, j, s, x, or z, an s
is added for the plural; and this, settles the rule for the
plural altogether.

§ 56. — Names of individual persons. (Posodanems.)
(1.) In Volapuk the second name of persons is put before
their Christian names.

Ex. — Not Joseph Bach, but Bach Joseph — Bah Yosef.
(2.) Volapuk writes a name just as it sounds, exactly as it
is read.

Ex — Consn, Cems (Johnson, James).

The Cases of Declination (Deklinafels).
Singular (Banum).

§ 57. — Formation of the possessive case. Singular (whose)
(Pomam, kimafala, banuma).

The possessive singular always ends in a.
Ex.— God, God; Goda, God's, of God.
sil, heaven; sila, heaven's,
pen, the pen; pena, of the pen.
glat, the glass, glata, of the glass.
flen, the friend; flena, of the friend.
Make the possessive singular of —

fil, fire; fin, end; fit, fish; flol, flower.
§ 58. — In Volapuk the possessive of names like Mary's,
Ann's, &c., is formed by making them adjectives, as Marianik,
Anaik, &c ; but one may also say —
de Maria; of Mary,
de Ana; of Ann, &c.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK. 13

§ 59.— (1.) Compound expressions, like "a glass of water,"
may be given in three different ways, as —

with the possessive (2nd case), glat vata;
„ nominative (1st „ ), glat vat;

with de — "of", glat de vat.
While one may also say —

glat fulik de vat, glass full of water.
(2.) On the contrary, one writes for a beer-glass:
bilaglat, or glat- al bill, or glat plo bil ;
a wine-glass —

vinaglat, or glat al vin, or glat plo vin.
§ 60. — Formation of the objective case singular (whom);
(Fomam kimefala banuma).
The objective singular always ends in e.
Ex. — din, the thing; dini, to the thing,
kap, the head; kapd, to the head,
dut, diligence, dut^, to diligence,
cil, a child; cil^, to a child,
lep, the monkey; lep6, to the monkey.
Make the objective singular of —

flum, river; fint, flute; JFon, fountain;
fot, wood; fut, foot; gad, garden.
§ 61. — In Volapiik the objective case is never explained
by a word, as to in English. The objective case must always
be formed by affixing the letter e, which may never be
omitted.

Ex. — I wish you vipob ons6.
§ 62. — Formation of the accusative (4th case), singular
(whom). (Pomam kimifala banuma).

The accusative, or 4th case singular, always end in i.
Ex.— 1st case. 4th case,

pen^d, the letter; penedi, the letter,
kanel, the artist; kaneli, the artist,
bakel, a baker; bafeeli, a baker
bak, the back; baki, the back.
Make the fourh case singular of —
■gal, gladness; gan, goose; gased, newspaper,
glaf, sword; glid, salutation.

Pi URAL (Plunum).

§ 63. — Formation of the possessive case plural (Fomam
kimofala plunuma).

The possessive plural always ends in as.

14 GEAMMAR OF VOLAPilK.

Ex.— balib, the bearcf; balibas, of the beards,
ban, bath; banas, of the baths,
bat, enticing; batas, of enticings.
Make the possessive plural of —

bad, evil; bel, mountain; gun, coat; jepel, shepherd;
juk, shoe; Jul, school; lad, heart.
§ 64— rormation of the objective case, plural (Fomam
kimefala plunuma).

The objective plural always ends in es.
Ex. — ben, grace; ben&, to graces.

bid, the kind; bid^s, to the kinds,
bim, a tree; bimes, to trees
bod, the loaf; bodes, to the loafs.
Make the objective plural of—

blig, duty; lak, lake; lam, arm; Ian, the soul:
lin, a ring; \i6g, richness.
§ 65. — Formation of the accusative or 4th case plural.
(Fomam kimifala plunuma).
The accusative or 4th case plural always ends in is.
Ex.— bluf, the trial; blufis, the trials,
boed, a plank; boedis, planks,
buk, book; bukis, books,
bun, pear; biinis, pears,
but, boot; butis, boots.
Make the 4th case plural of —

lit, light; I6d, dwelling; log, eye; lol, rose; Ion, law.
§ 66. — Formation of the vocative or 5th case, singular and
plural. (Fomam kimofala banuma e plunuma).

The vocative, or 5th case, for both singular and plural is
simply a nominative with o placed before it, and kept separate.
Ex. — cen, change; cen globol, fascinating change.
Make the vocatives of —

cal, vocation; lorn, home; lot, guest; fuf, grape, lut,
air; mag, statue; mag, image.
§ 67. — When a note of exclamation (!) is written after the
noun in Volapiik, the of the vocative may be ommitted.
Ex. — deception! cit!
But in conversation the o shall always be expressed.
§ 68. — Graduation of signification. (Xanumam suema). Vola-
piik shows at least eleven different ways, by which gradually
to increase the meaning of a word.
Ex. — town, city; zif.
(1.) miserable little town; luziiil.

GRAMMAll OF VOLAPuK. 15

(2.) very small to-wn; smaziiil.
(3.) small town; ziftV.
(4.) miserable town; luziL
(5.) small city; smazif.
(6.) town; zif.

(7.) miserable big town; lulezii.
(8.) big town; lezii.
(9.) miserable important town; luglezii'.
(10.) important town -j-glezii.
(11.) important big town; glelezif (legleziS).
§ 69. — Affixes for diminutives. (Finam smalama.)
In Volapiik the diminutives of words are formed by adding
the syllable il to them (in English, adjectives are generally
used for that purpose).

Ex. — bod, loaf; bodj7 small loaf,
cog, joke; cogil, little joke
cem, room; cemz7, small room (chamber),
kanit, verse ; kanitiV, little verse,
kat, cat ; katil, wee oat, kitten.
Make the diminutives of —

med, means; mot, mother; mud, mouth; mun,
moon; naf, ship.
§ 70.— In Volapuk the inferior meaning (less or worse
quality) of a word is shown by prefixing lu (being the reverse
of le) to it

Ex. — pak, spreading; iupak, pollution,
sanel, doctor; Zusanel, quack.
vat, water; iuvat, piss,
biik, print ; Zubiik, waste paper.
§ 71. — Formation of adjectives. (Fomam ladyekas.) Adjec-
tives always end in ik.

Ex. — klif, rock; klift'^, rocky,
kop, body; kopjfc, bodily,
san, bliss; sanjfc, blissful,
ston, stone; stonti, stony,
klot, dress ; klotit, dressing,
nat, nature; n&tik, natural.
Make the adjectives of —

nab, narrowness; nem, name,
neflen, enemy; net, nation.
§ 72. — Different affixes of adjectives — ik, lik, nik, sik.
Ex. — boad, wood; boadtfc, wooden.
hoaAlik, woody.

16 GRAMMAR OP VOLAPUK.

boadnifc, wooded,
yel, year; yeh'fc, one year old.

jelsik, yearly, annual.
§ 73. — Formation of the comparative degree of comparison.
(Fomam liiena telid xanuma.)

The comparative always ends in ikum [ih for the adjectiver
um for the comparative).

Ex.— ^koten, contentment ; kotenikum, more content,
kud, care , kadikum, more careful,
dan, thank ; danikum, more thankful,
deb, guilt ; debikum, guiltier.
Make adjectives in the comparative degree of —

kol, colour ; nid, brilliancy ; nim, beast ; nil, proxi
mity ; nom, rule ; nolud, north.
§ 74. — Formation of the superlative degree of comparison,
(Fomam liiena kilid xanuma.)

The superlative always ends in ikiin {ik for the adjective^
fin for the superlative).

Ex. — def, defect ; deflkiin, most defective.

dek, ornament ; dedikun, most ornamental,
dib, depth ; dibikiin, deepest,
div, value ; divikiin, most valuable.
Make adjectives in the superlative degree of—

dol, grief; not, knowledge: num, number ; nvil, newness;
palet, party; p6k, fault.
§ 75. The above syllables um and Hn may be affixed to all
participles as well; but, of course, without ik.
Ex. — spalSl, excusably,

spalBlum, more excusably.
spalolun, most excusably.
§ 76. — Comparative and superlative degrees of nouns.
(Pluluen e pliiluen subsatas )

Volapiik has also the comparatieve and superlative degree
of nouns; but then care should be taken that no mistakes can
be made with other similar words.

§ 77.— Volapiik makes adjectives of all nouns by the affix
ik (lik, nik, sik).

Ex. — cil=child; cilik=childish.

ji-son— daughter , ji-sonik=(as a daughter).
son=son; sonik=aB a son
§ 78. — The adjectives are usually placed directly after the
noun to which they ijefer; and then they are not inflected to

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK. 17

ndicate gender, nnmber, or case, unless such be advisable for
harmony, clearness in poetry, &c.

They correspond in gender, nnmber, and case with their
noun, when placed before it, or farther back from it.
Ex. — (1.) Placed directly after the noun, unchanged —
ji-gokes visedik, to the sensible hens,
(gok, cock; ji-gok, hen; ji-goke, to the hen; ji-
gokes, to the hens; vised, sense: visedik, sensible
[adjective]).
(2.) Placed farther back from the noun; changed for
gender , number, and case like the noun,
ji-gokes fol olas visedikes, to your four sensible
hens.

(If visedik had not been inflected, the meaning of
the sentence would be — to the four hens of your
sensible personalities).
(3.) Placed before the noun, inflected —

visedikes ji-gokes, to the sensible hens; which
shows the same as under (1).
§ 79. — If a noun has two or more adjectives, the most
particular one of these is placed before the noun , and inflected
to correspond.

Ex. — gletiks doms nulik, the big new houses.
NB. — This arrangement is especially made to avoid accu-
mulation of words ending in ik.

NoMEEALS fNumavods).

Numerals of Quantity (Stabanums).

§ 80.— Digits (Balelas nums).

The numbers from 1 till 9 end in I, as:

1, bal. 4, fol. 7, vel.

2, tel. 5, lul. 8, jbl.

3, kiL 6, mal. 9, zul.
§ 81.— Changes.

one (feminine) = ji-bal; of-bal (bal-ji, bal-of).
one (neuter) = os-bal, bal-os (with a dash ( — )); (because
balos means it unites).

the ones (. . . .the others) = (balims . . . .votims).

of the one = bala.

of the one (feminine) = ji-bala.

to the one (feminine) = ji-bale.

the one (4th case feminine) = ji-baU).

18 GRASIMAR, OF VOLAPuK.

§ 82. — Tenfolds (Balselas nums). All tenfold s end in Is, as
10, bals. 40, Ms. 70, vels.

20, tels. 50, luls, 80, jols.

80, kils. 60, mals. 90, zuls.

Hundred is called turn.
thovisand ,, mil.
million ,, balion.

billion ,, telion.

trillion ,, kilion.

four million ,, folion.
five ,, ,, lulion.
thousand million is called baliad, &c.
Then also balsion (decilion), telsion, ziilsion, &o.
The binary numbers are formed thus :
eleven, balsebal (10 and 1).
twelve, balsetel (10 and 2).
thirteen, balsekil (10 and 3), &a.^
47536 is, in Volapiik, folsevelmil lultum kilsemal (40 and
7 thousand 5 hundred thirty and 6).
How would you say in Volapiik?:

4 children; 8 dogs; 10 guests.
30 grapes; 50 ships; 100 means.
20 statues; 60 fishes; 1000 things.
90 letters; 1 million towns.
§ 83. — Comparison of tenfolds.
In Volapiik tenfolds are compared thus:
Possessive (2nd Case),
of the twentyfold — telsa.

of the twentyfolds — telsas (and not tolas, the / and
s in tenfolds always stand together).
Objective (3rd Case),
to the thirtyfold — kilse.
to the thirty folds — kilses,

4th Case (Accusative).
the fortyfold — folsz.
the ninetyfolds — ziilsis.
§ 84. — Ordinal numerals (Leodanums).
AH the ordinal numerals end in id.
Ex. — balid— the first.

telsebalid— the twenty first,
tumid — the hundredth,
milid— the thousandth,
balionid — the millionth.

GICJ3U11B OF rOlaPOK. 19

i 85 — AdverbE of order (Xums laidrelilnk).
All adverbe ;: ord«T end in ufo.
Es. — ttlidv. in tbe second place.
folido .. fonith
Telidv .. seventt .
bakido .. tenih

kQtnmido in 4h£ thiee hundredlfa pl^cc.
How wcTdd Ton saT in Tolapnk?
in the £x?t place.

fiSeenth place.
„ ts-entvmntli place.
§ 86. — Adrerc'S of mnnber (Nnms denoama).
1 * TsLi adrerbs of nnmber end in na (equal to the Englidi

Ex. — kilna. iliiee tunes; Inlna, £Te tunes.

jolna, pight times; tekna, twentj times.
J<r.B. — In ;-ci -words, as telsna, THIsna^ Tolapok intiodncea
-an f- and -wiit^ telsena, Viliyna etc. so as to separate the

(2.) In YolapSk adverbs tf number are made adj^tivt-f by
-a^ing ISk to tbt»iii-

Ex. — balnalik, folnalik, zdlnalik, fcilsnalik, (kHsenaUk},
tnmnalik, £c.
5 87- — ^KjtriVmtiTe adjectives <^miis dilama).
(i.'j KstriliitiTe adjectives are formed by placing the letter
o (each) separately before tiie nnmeraL

Ex. — a teL each two; a ttls, each twenty: a tnm. each
fanndred; a folid, each fonrih (or : folid alik).
(2.^ Each second, each third, kc, or, always tne second,
third, arc, are called in Tolapnk; a teUd. a kilid.
Ex. — each tenth soldier got Hlled
aolat a baMd pofimom.
§ 88. — Uanifold Knmerals. (Koms modSkama).
Als<< the adjectives formed of nnmerals by the affix fiJ/l,
«nd in tZ: in YolapSk.

Es. — TeUk. sevenfold: folak, fintyfold- tranik,hnndredfold;
milik, thoBsaii'Jfold.
The affix nit forms adjectives like telnik, two kinds; malnik,
^s kinds.

i 89- — ^omeralf nsed a^ noons, (yums snbsatik).
fl.) When nnmeials are nsed as noons they always take
rthe &£2 el in Tolapnk.

_Ev. — Elel, three (qoantity of ti!ree);balsel. ten (qnantity often)

20 GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

(2.) The numerals indicating a fraction end in dil.
Ex. — Foldil, quarter, a fourt part, i.
Telsedil, twentieth part, ^'if-
§ 90.— Numerals used as verbs. '(Velibs numik).
(1.) The verbs formed of numerals (like all other verbs uk
Volapuk) end in the affixed syllable 6're.
Ex. — Balon, to unite (bring to one).

Telon, to double (to multiply by two).
Kilon, to triple (to multiply by three).
Tumon, to multiply by hundred.
Milon, to multiply by thousand, &c.
(2.) The English verb, "to simplify", is called in Volapijk,
haliikon; not balikon, for then halikos would have a double
meaning — i. e, "the simplicity", and also, "it simplifies".

§ 91. — Different expressions derived from numerals (Diflks
numa sepets).

Trinity, kilbalod; triangle, kilagul; three-twin child, kilab;
unanimity, balif; unanimous, balifik; single, baladik; some^
ans, singularity, balad (balof) ; solitary, soalik ; first time,
balidna; quart (music), foluf; two by two, in couples, a telik
(a tel, telelik); quadrant, vadat (folaflan); quantity, limddof^^
quota, limodikos; small twelfth part, balseteldilil ; discord, '
telif; two-headed, telakapik; five hundred, lultum; five times
hundred thousand, lultum mil; seven kinds, velnik; seventy
hundred, velstum (velmil); in the seventeeth place, velsido.
§ 92.— Statements of Time. (Lenuns tima).
In Volapuk time is stated by using the words glok (clock),
or dup (hour).

Bx. — Seven o'clock.

Vel su (len), glok; or, diip velid (vel).
Half-past seven, dup velid e lafik.
A quarter to eight (7| hours), dup vel e foldils kik
In Volapuk one follows this order in stating time —
Hour, half hour, or quarter, then minutes and seconds.
A quarter to eight may be said also this way— Diip velid*
e minuts folselul.

The same arrangement does for the year.
Ex.— 1885 = 1 thousand 8 hundred 80 and 5.
Balmil joltum jBlselul.
§ 93.— Date (dat).

Also at stating dates the order of § 92 is followed, thus—
(1) The year (yel); (2) the month (mul); (3) the day (del) ;-
(4) the hour (diip), therefor —

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK. 21

Glasgow, the 2nd December, 1884, 9 o'lock in the

evening (9 p.m.)
Glasgd, balmil joltum jolsefol.
Glasgow, 1 thousand 8 hundred 80 and 4.
Dekul tel(id) diip ziil vendela
December second, hour nine of the evening.

Pronouns (Ponops).

■§ 94.— Personal Pronouns (Ponops posodik).
(1.) Singular (banum) : ob, I; ol, thou; om, he; of, she;
OS, it; on, one; ok, oneself; ons, you (polite for thou).
(2.) Plural (plunum) :

obs, we; ols, you.
oms, they (masculine),
ofs, they (feminine),
oks, themselves
(3.) Affixes, for oases (finams deklinafalas) : oba, of me ;
ole, to you ; omi, him ; obas (obsa), of us ; oles, to you ; omis
((ornsi), they (4th case masculine) ;

ofa, of her ; ose, to it ; oni (4th case of on), the one

or the other;
oH (4th case singular), i , „

olds (oksi), 4th case plural), \ °"® ^ ^®"-
The polite pronoun "you" instead of "thou" -
2nd case — onsa, of you.
3rd „ onse, to you (singular).

„ „ onses, to you (plural).
4th ,, onsi, you.
„ „ ofis, they (feminine plural).
§ 95. — The personal pronoun ons (English you) stands for
rsingular as well as for plUral, therefore it has two declinations.
(1.) ons, you (singular) ; ons, onsa, onse, onsi.
(2.) ons, you (plural) , onss (onus), onsas, onses, onsis.
§ 96. — Possessive Pronouns (PSnops labedik)
^1.) Singular:

obik (or oba), mine, my.
oHk (or ola), thine, your,
omik (or oma), his.
ofik (or ofa), her.
osik (or osa), its.
onik (or ona), somebody's,
okik (or oka), his or her.
onsik (or onsa), your.

22 GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

Feminine— ji-obik (of-obik), mine.

Neutral — obikos (os-obik), mine.
(2.) Plural:

obiks, my.

olika, your.

obsik, our.

olsik, your

omsik, their (masculine).

ofsik, their (feminine)-

oksik, their.
(3.) Affixes for cases (finams deklinafalas} :

2nd case — obika, of mine (plural, obikas).

3rd „ olike, to your (plural, dikes).

4th „ omiki, his.

3rd ,, osike, to his, to her's.

2nd „ obsika, of our (singular).

Brd „ obsikes, to our (plural).

3rd ,, olsike, to your (singular).

2nd ,, onsika, yours (polite).
§ 97 —Demonstrative Pronouns (Ponops jonik)

that, ut; just that, iit.

that, the same, ot; just the same, ot.

this (masculine), at; just this, at.

this (feminine), j'i-at (of-at).

this (neutral), otas (oa-at).

yon, et; just yon, eil.

self, it; himself, iet; herself, fi-iet, of-iet.

such, som ; just such, s'6m.

other, votik

the former.... the latter; ialimik. ..votimik. i

each other, halim votimi; halvotik,
Ex. — man at, this man; mana et, of that man.

doge ot, to the same day

flens it, the friends (them)selves.

kanes eit, just yon arts.
§ 98.— Eule. All Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns
in Volapuk are indeclinable when placed afther the noun
collectively.

They are declined when placed lefore it, or after it single.
§ 99. — When a pronoun is used for different nouns, it is
not repeated in Volapuk

Ex. — this man, this woman, and this child.

ats man, vom e cil

or, man, ji-man e cil ats.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK. 23

§ 100. — Interrogative Pronouns (Ponops sakona).
. kim, who? (masculine).

ji-kim (of-kim, kif), who? (feminine).

kis, what?

kiom, which? (masculine).

kiof, which? (feminine).

kios, which? (neuter).

kimik, what like one? what kind?

lik(o), how?

kiplad, where?

kibid, in how much?
Ex. — kim binom flen? who is a friend?

blod kiom? which brother?

lik binom pen? how is the pen?

dom kimik? what like (Mmd of) a house?
§ 101. — Relative pronouns (Ponops getefamik).

kel, who (masculine, feminine, neuter).

ji-kel (kel-ji in poetry), who (feminine).

helos (os-kel in poetry), that (neuter).

Icel may be used in any case.

ji-kel and helos are used for clearness only.
§ 102.— Who, which (that).

(kim, kel, kels).
(1.) Who standing for "the one that" is not translated in
Volapuk by Mm, but by —

kel, kel man, kel posod, menut, kel. . . . And such
especially at the commencement of subordinate
clauses.
(2 ) Neither in that case is which translated by kis, but by —

kelos (kelosi), kel den, kel yeg, din ut, kel. . . .
(5.) When kelis placed directly after a plural, it may remain

unchanged (unless clearness absolutely requires it to

be made plural). But it must take the corresponding

marks to indicate case.
Ex. — men (human beings, mankind).

men and animals enjoy (take) nourishments.

mens e nims juitoms nuludajnetfis.

which the vegetable kingdom provides.

keli (s) vol planas blunos.

world of plants,
§ 103. — Compound pronouns (Ponops pekosiadBl).
Compound pronouns are formed by the prefixed syllable ai

24 GKAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

Ex. — whosoever, is called aikel.
■wlienever, „ aikiiua.

whicliever, ,, m'kelos.

however, ,, ajlik (o).

however much, ,, ojlimodik.
§ 104. — Indefinite pronouns (Ponops nefiimik).
On (one, man, yo\i); ek (somehody); neh (nobody); alim
(everybody); senibal (some or other, the one or other); nonik
(none); alik (each, everybody); v&Uh{s) (all); los (something);
nos (nothing); ans (some, certain); modiks (several); nemodiks,
(few); mod(ik)umiks (divers).

Ex.' — dom eka, somebody's house,
neka flen, nobody's friend.
aembale ne/Zene, to some enemy or other,
dil bosa, a part of something,
alima Ian, everybody's soul.

About the VERB (Do Velita),

I. Indicative Mood Active. (Dunafoma jenabid).
A. Persons of the Present Tense. (Pbsods, patiipa).

(1.) Singular (Banum).
§ 105. — First Person Singular, I.

(P6sod balid banuma, op).
The 1st Person Singular (1) of all Verbs in Volapiik ends
in ob.

Ex. — lof, love; lofob, I love.

bin, the being; binob, I am.
dun, the deed; dunob, I do.
vil, the will; vilob, I will,
Translate also —

I can (can, kan); I let (to let, letbn).
I know (to know, nolQn); I speak,
(speech, language, puk); I write,
(pen, pen); I give (a gift, giv).
I keep (the keeping kip).
I sell (the sale, sel).
§ 106 — Second Person Singular, thou —

(Posod telid banuma, ol).
The Second Person Singular (tJiou) of all verbs in Volapiik
ends in ol.

Ex.— thou finishest, finol; thou goest, golol; thou gettest
getol; thou drinkest, dlinol.

GRAMMAR OF TOLAPOK. 25

Ti-aiijlate also —

thou plantest (plant, plan),
thou readest (to read, liladon).
thou seest (the eye, log),
thou livest {life, lif).

§ 107. — Third person Singular (masculine), he

(Posod kilid banuma (manik), om).
The 3rd Person Singular masculine (Ae) of all verbs in
Volapuk ends in om.

(the m of which shows :^:= masculine).
Ex. — he renews, nulom; he stops, stopom; he pays, pelom ;

he fishes, fitom.
Translate also —

he stays (house, dom).

he fills (fiillness, fill).

he enjoys (joy, gal).

he falls (faU, fal).
§ 108. — Third Person Singular (feminine), she.

(Posod kUid banuma (jUik), of).
The 3rd Person Singular feminine {she) of all verbs in
Volapiik ends in of.

(The f of which shows = feminine).
Ex. — she pleases, pUdof; she plays, pledof; she praises,

lobof; she frees, livofj she catches, fanof, she lights,

litof.
Translate also —

she writes books; she experiences (experience, plak);

she complains (complaint, plon); she composes verses

(verse, pcem: poed).
§ 109. — Third Person Singular (neuter) it.

Posod kilid banuma (dinxk), os.
The 3rd Person Singular neuter (it) of all verbs in Volapuk
ends in os.

Ex. — it rains, ISmibos; it moves, mufos; it rules, nomos;

it snows, nifos; it serves, dfinos; it bears, polos.
Translate also —

it sends (post: pot); it asks (question: sak); it salts

(salt: sal); it is dusty (dust, piif).
g 110. — Third Person Singular (indefinite), man, one, you.

(Posod kilid banuma (nefumik), on).
The 3rd Person Singular indefinite (man, one, you) of all
Verbs in Volapuk ends in on.

26 GEAMMAK OP VOLAPUK.

Ex. — One satisfies, -saton; Oj;e cures, -sanon: man saves^
-savon; (one-you), man sends, sedon; one saves,
sefon; one feels, senon.
Translate also —

one digs (dike : sop); one knows the father (knowl-
edge : sev); one dries (dryness : sig); man sins (sin, sin).
§ 111. — Third Person Singular (reflective^ .... self.

(Posod kilid hanum (getefamik), ok).
The 3rd Person Singular reflective (self) of all verbs in
Volapiik ends in ok, which syllable is preceded by any of the
affixes, ob, ol, ons, om, of, 6s, on (from §§ 105 — 110), as the
case may be.

Ex.—/ constrain myself, soloftok.
thou hatest thyself, 'etotok.
it sows itself, sovosok.
you irradiate yourself, stalonsok.
he stings himself, spinomok.
Another way of writing these examples is thus —

solobobi; oli'^etol, sovosiki; onsi stalons; spinom oki.
Translate also —

it heaps itself up (heap: kum).

he hurries himself hurry, speed: spid).

she stops herself; you mistake (yourself), (mistake:

pol).

II. Pldeai (plunum).

§ 112.— First Person Plural, we.

(Posod balid plunuma, obs).
The 1st Person Plural (we) of all verbs, ends in ob, with
the plural s, that is, obs.

Ex. --we follow — sukobs; we seek— sukobs ; we take—

sumobs;, we swim — svimobs.
Translate also —

we bind (band, tan); we cover, deck (cover, deck —

teg; we prolong (prolongation— ten) ; we storm

(storm, tep); we are afraid (fright— temip) ; we tempt

(temptation — tenud).
§ 113.— Second Person Plural, you.

(Posod telid plunuma, ols).
The 2nd Person Plural (you) of all verbs ends in ol, with
the plural s, that is ols.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK. 27

/ Ex. — yoxi teach — tidols.
13 \ you steal— tifols

H { you think — tikols.

!^ I you point — tipols.

\ you lift — to vols.

Translate also —

you tease the animals (vexation — torn),
you arm the men (weapon, arms— vaf)
you find (to find — tuvon).
you turn (a turn — tul)
§ 114. -Third Person Plural (masculine), they.

(PSsod kilid plunuma (manik), cms).
The 3rd person plural (masculine) (they) of all verbs ends
in om, -with the plural s, that is oms,
Ex. — they empty — vagoms.
they choose — valoms.
they wait— valadoms.
they strengthen — steniidoms.
they warm — vamoms.
Make similar forms of —

vat, water; vehon, to hover; ved — becoming; veniid —
risk; venod, poison; ton, tune.
§ 115. — Third Person Plural (feminine), they.

(Posod kilid plunuma (jilik), ofs).
The 3rd person plural feminine (they) of all verbs ends in
of. with the plural s, that is ofs.
Ex. — they sew — nagofs.
they say — sagofs.
they clear — klilofs.
they take care— kalofs.
Make similar forms of —

sun — sol; wish, vip; visit, visit; offer, vitim ; call,
vok; work, vobad.

§ 116. — Third Person Plural (reflective) selves.

(Posod kilid plunuma (getefamik) oks).
The 3rd person plural reflective (. . . selves) of all verbs
ends in ok, with the plural s, that is oks; which syllable is
preceded by any of the affixes (ob, ol, om, of, os, on, and
the polite ons) given in § 111. These affixes only require
the plural s when oks is separated from the verb.
Ex. — we accommodate ourselves, yumoboks.
you mistake (yourselves), pololsok.
they (those men) enjoy themselves, galomoks.

28 GEAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

Ex. — you put yourselves into a passion (to two or more
persons) — zilonsoks.

Examples in wliioli oks is separated from the verb —

they (those men) belie one another— nevela^oms okis
(objective case: oke, okes) ; they (those women) anger
one another— zunofs okes (ok, . . . oks, only stands in
the 1st case).

Make similar forms of —

a pull — zug; batch — bak; bliss, salvation — beat,

§ 117. — (1.) Volapuk admits sok instead of oTcs, thus — obsok
olsdk, omsok, of sok.

(2.) Oks directly affixed to the verb, and oks (in the
objective case) separated from the verb, give a
different meaning to the sentence, as —

lofomoks (or lijfomsok) means — they love them-
selves; but lofoms okis means — they love one another.

B. Temporal. Tenses of the verb (timafoms).

§ 118. — Aoristua activi (paitup foma dunona).
(1.) The mark for the aoristus activi in all verbs is the
particle ai prefixed directly to the verb.
Ex. — aihlufom., he tries always, usually,
ainosoms, they destroy constantly,
ainonol, thou deniest steadfastly,
ainumof, she counts uninterruptedly,
ainunob, I inform incessantly.
(2.) This particle ai is read a-i, as Volapuk uses no diphthongs.
N.B. — Volapuk has an aoristus in the present, past, and
future tenses.

Ex. — (a) Medikos aijenos ta valadi menas.

Much happens against the expectation of men.
(6) Nifatimsnog valiks ejblinoms kalodi.

Yet all winters have brought cold,
(c) Aliki kligi mena/Zen nobik oilabom,
every war the noble philanthropist
al bepZonbn,
will have to repent.
Translate also —

thou playest always on the harp (the harp — 'arp).

she sweeps usually (broom— rsvip).

we rhyme continually (rhyme — rim).

he sands constantly (sand — sab).

one founds continually (the foundation— stab).

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPfiK. 29

N.B. — The other aoristi are —

aiblufom (past tense).

ezblufom (perfect tense).

iiblufom (pluperfect tense).

oiblxifori (future tense).

uiblufom (future perfect tense).
§ 119. — imperfectum. activi. (Patiip foma dunona).
The mark for the past tense of all active verbs is the
prefixed letter a.

Ex. — aftedoms, they brought to hed.

afte^ob, I begged; aJe^mols, you began; aSumof, she

built; aStamon, one blamed.
Translate also —

you made black (blackness — blag)

thou shortenedst the years (shortness — blef).

she remained a child (to remain — blibon).

he bled (blood— blud).
§ 120. — Perfectum activi. (Petiip foma dunoma).
The mark for the perfect tense of all active verbs is the
prejived letter e.

Ex. — eJ^OTob, I have brought.

eboladol, thou hast loaded.

eftwnom, he has sprang.

ebiidof, she has ordered.

ecenoB, it has changed.
Translate also —

one has disappointed (disappointment, cit); he has

sentenced himself (sentence, cod); we have joked

fjoke, cog) ; you have counted (account, kal).
§ 121. — Plnsquamperfectum activi. (Pittip foma dunona).
The mark for the pluperfect tense is the prefixed letter i.
Ex. — ikanitofs, they (those v^omen) had sang songs.

iifcopaloms, they (those men) had understood.

iketol, thou hadst chained.

ikikon, one had shut.
Translate also —

she had believed in the brothers (believe, klod); we

had refreshed the friends (refreshment, kliet); you

had clearly lighted the houses (clear light— klil) ;

you had dressed yourselves (dress, klot).
§ 122.— Fnturum activi. (Potiip foma dunona).
The mark for the future tense of all active verbs is the
prefixed letter o.

30 GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUlC.

Ex. — okodom, he will or shall cause.

okodStoh, I will or shall behave.

okodiitobB, we will or shall feu.

oyfc«c?ons, you will or shall care.
. okukof, she will or shall cook,
Translate also —

thou wilt or shalt pave (path— kul).

one will or shall scoop (scoop: kup).

it will or shall get dark (darkness: dag).

thou wilt or shalt allow (allowance: dal).
§ 123.— ruturum exactum activi. (Putup dunafoma).
The mark for the future perfect tense of all active verbs
is the prefixed letter u.

Ex. — nkonfidob, I will or shall have trusted.

ukonletorRB, they will or shall have collected.

■ako/iikon, one will or shall have prepared.

ufcomol, thou wilt or shalt have come.

nkomipojn, he will or shall have fought.
Translate also —

thou wilt or shalt have accompanied (company, sog).

she will or shall have told (tale, kon).

one will or shall have coined (coin, kon).

they will or shall have consulted (consult, konsal). ,

thou wilt or shalt have promoted (promotion, fov). ^

II. Passivum of the Verbs. (Sufafom velibas).

§ 124. — Praesens passivi (is). [Patiip sufafoma (pa)].
The mark for passive form of the verbs is always the
letter p. The mark for the present tense is the particle pa ,
prefixed to the verb.

Ex. — pamu^on, one is compelled; pafcdsomos, it is used;
pafcosMmoms, they are consumed; pa/wnom, he is killed;
pa(femaraol, thou art wanted.
Translate also — i

it is planned (plan, disin).
you are distracted (distraction, disip).
it is intended (intention, disein).
they are separated (separation, dit).
§ 125. — Aoristus passivi. [Paitup sufafoma (paj)].
(1.) The mark for the aoristus passivi in the present tense
of all verbs is the prefixed syllable pai (pa-i).

GRAM-MAB, OF VOLAPUK. 31

Ex. — ■psasagoa, it is usually said.

pad/utoSj shooting is always done.

Tpaiditon, one is usually deceived.

■paimilagojn, he is constantly admired.

paim«/bf, she is constantly kept moving.
Translate also —

it is permanently confirmed (test, confirmation; truth, velat).
Make similar forms of —

(remembrance, meb) ; (explanation, plan) ;
(encouragement, lanim).
(2.) The other aoristi are —

pai, for the past tense.

pei, „ perfect tense.

pii, „ pluperfect tense.

poi, „ future tense.

pui, ,, future perfect tense.

pai. . . od, for the imperative mood.

pai. . . on, ,, infinitive mood.

pai. . . 61, pei. . . 61, poi. . . 61, pui. . . 61, for participles ;

poi. . . 61, for the gerundivum.
§ 126.— Imperfectum passivi(was.) [Patup sufafoma(pa)].
The mark for the past tense of all passive verbs is the
prefixed particle pa.

Ex. — padivom, he was respected.

padZenos one was crying.

padledons, you were dreaded.

padlefols, you were hit.

paklotofs, they (those women) were dressed.
Translate also —

it was doubted (doubt, dot).

we were led (leading, dak).

they were removed (removal, fag).

it was made (works, fabliid).
§ 127.— Perfectum passivi (has been). [Petiip sufafoma (pe)J.
The mark for the perfect tense of all passive verbs is the
prefixed particle pe.

Ex. — pe/atos, it has been felled.

pe/etos, it has been ploughed.

pe/e/ton, one has been fought.

pe^mol, thou hast been confirmed.
Make similar forms of —

food, fid; interest, fien; fire, fil.

philosophy, filosop; fineness, fein.

la GRAMMAR. OF VOLAPuK.

§ 128.— Plusquamperfectnm passivi (tad been). [Pitiip sufa-
foma (pi)]-

The mark for the pluperfect tense of all passive verbs is
the prefixed particle pi.

Ex. — ipifltos, had been fished

■piflaffoms, they had been claimed.
pi/?apons, you (polite) had been struck.
Make similar forms of —

fly, flit; fruit, fluk; flute, flut.
forgiveness, pardoiT", fogiv; form, fom.
§ 129. — Futurum passivi (shall or will be). [Potiip sufa-
foma (joo)].

The mark for the future tense of all passive verbs is the
prefixed particle po.

Ex — pq/b'nos, it shall or will be burnt.

po/opom, he shall or will be bantered.
■po/ugof, she shall or will be shunned.
pq/M»on, one shall or will be killed.
Make similar foi'ms of —

watch, guard — gal; reception — get; ice — glad,
grief — glif; gluminess — glum.
§ ICO. — Futurum exactum passivi (shall or will have been).
(Putiip Bufafofa (pu)].

The mark for the future perfect tense of all passive verbs
is the prefixed particle pu

Ex. — pu^onof, she shall or will have been favoured,
pujroraos, one shall or will have been gone.
Tpngolodos, one shall or will have been breakfasting.
TpTigubos, one shall or will have been rowing.
Make similar forms of —

shadow, jad; creation, jaf; sharpness, jap;
fright, jek: throw, jed
§ 131.— Prefixes of the Verbs (Bisilabs veliba).
(l .) Active form (Dunafom) : aoristus ai ; past a ; perfect e ;
pluperfect i; future o; future perfect u.

(2.) Passive form (Sufafom): aoristus pai; present tense pa;
past tense pa ; perfect tense pe ; pluperfect tense pi ; future po ;
future perfect pu ; Gerendivum po.

Subjunctive Mood (Mogabid).

§ 132.— The mark for the Subjunctive Mood is always the
syllable la, which is affixed to the verb, and kept distinct
from it -by a dash (— ). This syllable never gets the accent.

GRAMilAR OF VOLAPUK. 33

Translate also :

that you might show (show, jon).
that she might lock (lock, jot).
if it might happen (happiness, lab),
you might have halved (half, laf).
§ 133.— The Interrogative Form (Sakabid).
In cases where no interrogative pronoun or an interrogative
adverb is used, the interrogative form is made by affixing
the syllable li to the verb, or to any other appropriate word,
keeping it distinct by a dash ( — ).

Ex. — ladof-li, does she press to her heart?
laboton-li, does one lodge?
ilodos-\i, was it loaded?
§ 134 — Interrogative Form with Subjunctive Mood (Saka-
bid ko mogabid).

When -li and -la fall together, as for instance in the
interrogative form of the subjunctive mood , then -li is placed
before -la (thus, -li, -la?), but also -li and -la may be
separated and added to different words.

Ex. — no eZanons-li-la, j .j. i, j i. t. - , ,

,-1 1 i u you had not been animated,

or, no-li elanons-la, ) ^

Translate also: .

do 1 encourage? (courage, lanim).

did they rob? (robbery, lapin).

if you had answered? (answer, gepziA;).

The Interrogative Particle Li ?

§ 135. — (1.) The interrogative particle -li is not always
affixed to the verb, but it may be added to other appropriate
words, either to give them more stress, or to avoid accumu-
lation of consonants in the verb.

(2.) Li may also be used just alone when it puts more
stress on the question itself.

§ 136. — (1.) Li may be left out when interrogatives like
kim, kiplad, kibid, ibo, &c , are used.

(2.) If used in such cases, however, then it shows that an
immediate prompt answer is wanted.

§ 137. -If (if).

(I.) If ia Volapuk is the same as the English if.
Ex. — if November comes, we get snow,
if ■akomom. novul, ogetobs nifi.
if you come, I'll give thee my book.

3

34 GKAMMAU OF VOLAPiiK.

Ex. — if kSmol, \egwoh buki oba.
iV.JS. — Volapuk does not admit then, wHle such is often
used in English, as for example —

if you come, then I'll give you my book.
(2.j Also in conditional sentences the use of if is the same
in both languages.

Ex. — if you tell us the truth, and (if) (you) blame our
faults, you will be our true friend.
if sagons obes velati, ed (if) blamons pokis (dSfis)
obas, obinons ilen velatik obsa.
N.B — Here the polite form singular is used in both
languages.

§ 138. — Imperative Mood. (Biidabid )

The Imperative Mood for all tenses, and all persons and-
forms, is expressed by affixing the particle od to the inflected verb.
Ex. — legivoloA, present! (thou).

le^atobsod, we must give delight,
/emolsod, buy!

elenadoraoA, he must have learnt
Translate also —

I must be freed (liberty, lib)! don't long (longing,
levip); you must have heard! (to hear, lilon).
§ 139.— The stronger Imperative Mood. (Lebudabid )
Tho make the command stronger, "Volapuk uses 6z instead
of thedd in § 138.

Ex. — gololSz ! you inust go ! get you gone !

epenolsoz ya! you must have written already!

§ 140. — Volapuk has also imperatives (budabids) like

(1.) Substantial —

samod! for example!
lofod! love govern !
pudSd! peace!
(2.) Infinitive —

seilonod! to be quiet!
letonSd mekon! to get made!
(3.) Participial —

mogololo, go away! (to one person).
egololsSd bived! gone ahead (to more than one person).
(4.) Adverbial and interjectional —
spido ! in a hurry !
spido ! quick !
flits ! immediately !
sago ! say it ! speak !

GRAMMAE. OF VOLAPiiK. 35

Salutation (Glidam).

§ 141. — Volapiik says —

glidob oli, for ; I greet you.

JSlidolM, I ^°'''' y"" °'"'* ^e greeted
and also, binolod paglidol (fa ob). •
§ 142.— Must.

When "must" means "one says that," Volapiik uses in that

case "sagon, das," and not the imperative of the verb soton.

Ex. — your friend must have come, (because one says so)

sagon, das flen olik efciimom — la (and also ^osagos

or sagosofc)

§ 143. — The optative (vipabid).

The mark for the optative is same as for the imperative, the
affixed particle os.

Ex. — lifomos ! he may live !

saunofijs ! she may recover !
esavolos ! that thou mayest be saved !
raponos ! may one file !
§ 144. — The infinitive (subsatabid).

The verb in the infinitive mood is always known by the
particle on affixed to the primitive word.

N.B. — This on may be added to the verb in its conjugated
forms as well.
Ex.— knd, care.

kndSn, to care,
kndof, she cares,
kudofon, her caring.
§ 145. — The supine (diseinabid).

(1.) Al, with the infinitive mood of the verb, means to, as
in ready to go, for going.

Ex — al mekon, to make (for making); al gives more

strength to the infinitive mood.

(2.) Al stands for to, also in the meaning of "than that,"

as, binom tu nobik al tiffin (al binon, vedon tifel), he is too

noble than that he would steal; or in better English, he is

too noble to steal.

Pauticiple (Ladyekabid).

§•146. — The mark for all participles, active and passive,
without one exception, is the particle ol affixed to the primi-
tive word.

36 GUAMMAK OP VOLAPiiK.

Ex. — liigol, mourning.

elutol, having aired.
^ § 147. — The participles may be used with. -U and -la in
the interrogative form and the subjunctive mood.

Ex. — etidofols-li? likely women who (that) have teached.
olemoiols-la,, ladies who (that) will likely buy.
elogofbls-li-]a? females, that perhaps might have seen?,
§ 148. — Participles of the intransitive verbs. (Ladyekabida
velibas nelovep'oHk).

(1.) The past participles' of the intransitive verbs usually
have the active and not the passive form. Therefore is —
gone, not T^egolHl, but egolol.
died, not perfciVol, but edeilol.
come, not pekomol, but ekomSl.
(2.) If used in the passive form, they would mean one who
is made to go, made to die, made to come.
(3.) Other participles —

agolol, one that went,
aigolbl, one that goes constantly.
ideilol, one that had died.
ukSmol, one that will have come.
oigoMos, something that will always go.
of-uikomol, one (feminine) that will have come con-
tinually.
In the same way are inflected the participles of the passive
form for all tenses and persons.

Special Rules of Pabticiples. (Patiks noms ladyekabidas). ■

§ 149.— Volapuk does not allow the participle instead of
the infinitive mood, which is often done in the English
language, as —

without knowing it, must be (without to know it),
in Volapuk, nen nolon osi.
§ 150.— Instead of saying I write, we usually say I am
writing, admitting the auxiliary verb "to be." In Volapuk
this may be done also.

Ex. — penob, or binob penSl.
§ 151.— Participles as nouns.

The wounded of the battle is: pewwraels puga, but not
pevunols.

-§ 152.— In English we say very often "you write better
than he does," using the verb "to do." Volapuk never allows •
the use of such expletives, but says plainly,

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPuK. 37

penons gudikum, ka om.
you write Vietter, than he.
§ 153. — Auxiliary verbs (yuia,velibs).

(1.) "To have" as auxiliary verb, is represented by the
prefixed particle e.

Ex. — I have loved, elofob.

(2.) "To be" as auxiliary verb, is represented by the pre-
fixed particles pe, pi.

Ex. — I have been loved, peVotoh.
I had been loved, ^i'lofob.
While in the passive forms "to be" may de represented by
the prefixed pa, pa, pe, pi, po. pu.
Ex. — I am loved, binob pelofol.
I was loved, abiuob palofol.
I have been loved, ebinob pelofol.
I had been loved, ibinob pilofbl (pelofol).
iV.B. — When used as principal verbs, however, to hare means
lahim, and to be means binon-

Ex. — I have friends — labob flenis ; thou art a hero—binol jamep.
(3 ) Dare, denoting courage, presumption, means kinon.
(4.) Can denoting power, ability, means kanon.
can „ knowledge, means nolon.

can „ liberty, freedom, means dalon.
can ,, fault, guilt, means binon kod.
(5.) Zei=not prevent, means leton.
=oause, „• mekon.

=dismiss, „' dismiton.

=leave, omit, „ nedunbn.
=allow, ,, dalon.

=leave to, give, sell,
loveleton, givon, selon.
But when let stands for enticing (as for example in, let us
hurry up), it is translated by the afBxed particle od.
Ex.— spidobsod.
(6.) May has also different meanings, as:
will, wish, like,
magon, vilon, vipon, lofon.
may=being possible, means binBn mogik.
=to be allowed „ dalon.
=want, need, „ nedBn.

=have reason, „ labon kodi.

But when may absolutely denotes a wish, it must be repre-
sented by the affixed particle os.

38 GEAMMAB OF VOLAPuK.

Ex. — may he keep well — blibomoa saunik!
Might is represented by the syllable -li, the mark for the
subjunctive mood.

But when might means: ought to, as in: he might (ought
to) pay now, Volapiik says: pelomox nu, always using the
affix ox.

(7.J Jlfus<=bound to, means muton.
=obligation, „ soton ;
=or imperative mood, .... od.
:=necessity, means zesudSn.
(8.) /SAoM=denoting future, is expressed by the prefixes a
and u in the active form.
=mu8t, means soton.

=imperative mood ... 5d, and for the stronger
imperative (lebiidabid, see § 139). . . oz.
Ex. — thou shalt give— givol5z!
=to avail, help — pofud5n, yufon.
= supposed, allowed, that... is said by, \a.das.
=iie says, one pretends, one will, &c', sagon,
sagosok, pa-sagos,
^ (9.) Would, in conditional sentences, is expressed bv the
mperfect and the pluperfect tenses of the subjunctive mood
(-la). To express it in the present, the perfect, and the future
tenses (as, for example, I would fee one that loves, that has
loved, shall love, shall have loved, is loved), such is done by
adding 5v (w of vilon) to the person of the verb.

Ex. — If one heard me (listened to me), I would be one that

made the whole of mankind happy; if obi lilonSv,

ftiViobov bete'Sol menadi I61ik (7 Volapiika for l5 or

16 English words).

This ov may be added to the imperfect and the pluperfect

tenses (without -la).

(10.) Other verbs that may be used as auxiliary verbs are
translated thus:

need, by nedSn, zesudSn, or the affix ok
use, by lefiunfin, or the aoristic prefix ai,
appear, by jinon.
will, by vilon, demanSn, flagon.

Conjugation of the Verb to Love.

(Konyugam veliba "Lofdn."

§ 154.— (1.) Active form (dunafom). Indicative Mood (jena-
bid).

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPUK. 39

Present Tense (patiip). Singular (bamim)—

lofo6, I love.

lofo/, thou lovest.

lofom, he loves.

loiof, she loves.

\o{os, it loves.

lofon, one loves.

\6ionok, one loves one's self.

ISi'ons, you (=thou) love.
Plural (plunum) —

loiobs, we love.

lofo/s, you love.

lo&ms, they (men) love.

Ibfofs, they (women) love.

Wo'Zok, } *^«y ^""^ themselves.
Imperfect Tense (patiip). Singular (banum)-

alijfob, I loved.

alofol, thou lovedst.

alofom, he loved.

alofof, she loved.

alofos, it loved.

alofon, one loved.

alofolok, thou lovedst thyself.

alofons yon (^thou) loved.
Plural (plunum).

alofobs, we loved.

alofols, you loved.

alofoms, they (men) loved.

alijfofs, they (women) loved

alofoloks, ■) ^^^g^ yourselves.

alofolsok, J •'
Perfect Tense (petiip). Singular (banum),

elSfob, I have loved.

el6fol, thou hast loved

elofom, he has loved.

elofof, she has loved.

elofos, it has loved.

elofon, one has loved.

elofosok, it has loved itself

elofons, you (=thou) have loved.
Plural (plunum) —

elofobs, we have loved.

40 GRAMMiR OF VOLAPUK.

elofols, you have Toyed,
elofoms, they (men) have loved,
elofofs, they (women) have loved.

elofofoks, \ ^-^ (women) have loved themselves.

elofofsok, j
Pluperfect Tense (pitiip). Singular (banum).

ilofob, I had loved.

ilofol, thou hadst loved. '

ilbfom, he had loved.

ilofof, she had loved.

ilofos, it had loved.

ilofon, one had loved.

ilofomok, he had loved himself.

ilbfons, you (=:thou) had loved.
Plural (plunum).

ilSfobs, we had loved.

ilofols, you had loved.

ilofoms, they (men) had loved.

ilofofs, they (women) had loved.

il8fons(s)oks, } y^^^ ^^^ ^g^g^ yourselves.

iloionnsoks, )
(First) Future Tense (potiip). Singular (banum).

olefob, I shall or will love

olofol, thou wilt or shalt love.

olbfom, he will or shall love.

olbfof, she will or shall love.

olefos, it will or shall love.

olofon, one will or shall love.

olofonsok, you (=thou) will or shall love yourself

(=thyself).

olofons, you (=thou) will or all love.
Plural (plunum)—

olofobs, we shall or will love.

olofols, you will or shall love.

olbfoms, they (men) will or shall love.

olofofs they (women) will or shall love.

olbfoboks, 1 ^g gjj^^ ^^ ^y ^^^^ ourselves,
olofobaok, )

' [• putiip.

Second Future Tense;
Future Perfect Tense
Singular (banum)

ulbfob, I shall or will have loved.

ulofol, thou vnlt or shalt have loved

GllAMMAB, OF VOLAPilK. 41

ulofom, he will or shall have loved,
ulofof, she will or shall have loved,
tilofos, it will or shall have loved,
ulofon, one wiU or shall have loved,
ulofobok, I shall or will have loved myself.
ulSfons, you (=thou) will or shall have loved.
Plural (plunum).

ulofobs, we shall or will have loved,
ulofols, you will or shall have loved,
ulofoms, they (men) will or shall have loved,
ulofof s, they (women) will or shall have loved.

^i"-f°i^v ' f y*"^ ^'■'■^ °^ shall have loved yourselves.

AoEiSTUS (paitiip).

Present Tense (patiip). Singular (banum)-

ailofob, I love constantly.

ailofol, thou lovest constantly.

ailofom, he loves constantly.

ailofof, she loves constantly.

ailofos, it loves constantly.

ailofon, one loves constantly.

ailofonok, one loves one's self constantly.

ailSfons, you (=thou) love constantly.
Plural (plunum) —

ailofobs, we love constantly.

ailofols, you love constantly.

ailofoms, they (men) love constantly.

ailofofs, they (women) love constantly.

ailofoboks.j^g love ourselves constantly.

ailoiobsoK, )
Imperfect Tense (paitiip) —

ailofob, I loved constantly.
Perfect Tense (peitup) —

eilofob, I have loved constantly.
Pluperfect Tense (piitup) —

iilefob, I had loved constantly.
(First) Future Tense (poitup) —

oilSfob, I shall or will love constantly.
Second Future Teuse ") /„,,;j.h„\
Future Perfect Tense J (P"^t"P)-

uilSfob, I shall or will have loved constantly.

■ 42 GBAMMAB. OF VOLAPUK.

AoEisTUS Subjunctive (paitiip mogabidik).

Singular (bantim) —

ail6foh-la, I might love constantly.
Plural (plunum) —

ail6fobs-la, we might love constantly.
Imperfectum (patiip) —

al6fob-la, if I loved.
Perfectum (petiip) —

el6fob-la, I might have loved.
Pluperfectum (pitiip)—

il8fob-la, if I had loved.
Futurum (potijp) —

ol6fob-la, if I shall love.
Futurum Perfectum (putup) —

ul5fol-la, if I shall have loved.

The Optative (vipabid).

Present Tense (patiip). Singular (banum) —
lofobos, may I love,
lofolbs, mayest thou love.
IbfomSs, may he love,
lofofos, may she love,
lofosos, may it love.
iBfonSs, may one love,
lofonokos, may one love one's self.
lofonsSa, may you (=thou) love.

Plural (plunum) —

lofobsos, that we may love.

IbfolsGs, that you may love.

Ibfomsos, that they (men) may love.

Ibfofsos, that they (women) may love.

iQfofsokbs. that they (women) may love themselves.

N.B. — Mark the difference between —
magom lofon, he may love,
lefomos, may he love!
lofom-la, that he might love!

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPiiK. 43

AoRiSTDS (paitiip).

ailofob5s, that I may love constantly.
Imperfectum (patiip) —

alofob6s, that I might love constantly.
Perfectum (petiip) — ,

elbfobSs, that I may have loved.
Pluperfeotum (pitup) —

ilofobos, that I might have loved,
(potiip). putup.

olofobbs. ulbfobSs.

Imperative Mood (budabid).

Singular (banum) —

laiohod, I must love.

lofoliid, must love thou.

lofomorf, he must love.

lofofod, she must love.

lofosorf, it must love.

lotonod, one must love.

loionokod, one must love one's self.

15fonsokod, love (you or thou) yovirself (or thyself).
Plural (plunum)

lofobsiirf, we must love.

lofolsorf, you must love.

ISfomsoc?, they (men) must love.

lofofsiirf, they (women) must love

lofobsokM, -) ^g ^^^^ ^^^g ourselves.

loioboksoa, )

Aoristi (paitups) —

ailofobod, I have to (must) love constantly,
ailofobod, I had to love constantly.
eilSfobod, I have had to love constantly.
Tilefobod, I had had to love constantly.
TilSfobod-la, I should have loved constantly.
oilofobSd, I shall have to love constantly,
uilofobod, I shall have had to love constantly.

Imperfectum (patiip) —

alofobod, I should love.

44 GRAMMAB OF VOLAPiiK.

Perfectum (petiip) —

elofobod, I must have loved!

elofolod. thou must have loved.
Pluperfectum (pitup) —

ilbfobod, I must be one that had loved!
Futnrum (potiip) —

elofobod, I must be one that shall love.
Second Futurum (putup) —

ulofobod, I must be one that shall have loved.

Substantial Imperative Mood. (Budabid subsatik).

lofod ! love govern !

elofo d ! love must have governed !

Infinitive Mood. (Subsatabid).

Present tense (patiip). Singular (banum).

lofbn, to love.

lofobon, my loving (^= lofon obik).

Ibfolon, thy loving.

lofomon, his loving.

lofofon, her loving.

Ibfosbn, its loving. ^

Ibfonbn, somebody's loving

Ibfomokbn, his loving himself.

Ibfonson, your (— thy) loving.
Plural (plunum) —

Ibfons, to love multilaterally.

Ibfobsbn, our loving.

Ibfolson, your loving.

Ibfomsbn, their (men) loving.

Ibfofsbn, their (women) loving.

lofofsokon, their (women) loving themselves.
Aoristi (paitups) —

ailbfbn, to love constantly, permanently.

ailbfbn, a loving that waa constant.

eilbfon, a loving that has been constant.

lilbfbn, a loving that had been constant.

oilbfbn, a loving that will be constant.

uilofon, a loving that will have been constant.

ailofobon, my constant loving.
Imperfectum (patiip) —

alofbn, a loving that was.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK. 45

Perfectnm (petiip) —

elofon, to have loved.
Pluperfectam (pitup) —

ll5fon, a loving that had been.
Futnrum (potiip)--

olofbn, to shall love.
Futnrum perfectum (putiip) —

ulofbn, to shall have loved.
Imperative (biidabidik) —

lofbnod, to love (just loving on).
The Supine (diseinabid) —

al lofbn, (for) to love.

al ailofon, „ to love constantly.

al alofon, „ to be one that loved.

al elofijn, „ to have loved.

al ilofon, ,, to be one that had loved

al olofon, „ to (shall love).

al ulofon, „ (to shall have loved).

Participle (ladyekabid). PfiESE^■T Tense (patiip).

Singular (banum) -

lofol, loving.

lofobol, I loving (=ob lofol).

lofolol, thou loving.

lofomol, he loving.

lofofbl, she loving.

lofosol, the (it) loving.

lofonol, a loving one.

lofomokol, one loving himself.

lofofokol, one loving herself.

lofonsol, you (—thou) loving.
Plural (plunum) —

lofcls, loving ones.

lofobsol (lofobols), we loving (obs lofol).

lofolsSl, yon loving (ones).

lofomsbl, they loving (men).

lofofsol, they loving (women).

lofobsokol, [ we ourselves.

lofoboksol, 1 loving ones.
A-oristi (paitiips) —

aUofbl, a constant loving.

ailofol, one that loved constantly.

46 GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

eilofol, one that haa loved constantly (one having
loved constantly).

iilofol, one that had loved constantly.

oilefol, one that shall be loving constantly.

uilofol, one that shall have been loving constantly.
Imperfectum (pattip) —

alofdl, one that loved.

elofbl, one that has loved.

ilofbl, one that had loved.

olofSl, one that shall love.

idSfbl, one that shall have loved.
Imperative Participle (ladyetabid budabidik) —

I6f6l6d, loving! (be a loving one!).
Indefinite Participle (ladyekabid subsatabidik) —

lofSlon, to be a loving one (binon lofol).

lofblaon, to be loving ones (binon 16f8ls).

Reflective Veeb. (Velib getefamik).

I. — Present tense (patup). Singular (banum).

lofobok, I love myself (=lofob obi).

Ibfolok, thou lovest thyself.

liifomok, he loves himself.

lofofok, she loves herself.

lofosok, it loves itself.

lofonok, one loves one's self.

lofonsok, you (=thou) love yourself.
Plural (plunum) —

lofobsok (lofoboks), we love ourselves.

lofolsok (lofoloks), you love yourselves.

lofomsok (lofomoks), they (men) love themselves.

Ibfofsok (lofofoks), they (women) love themselves.

lofonsoks, you love yourselves.

II.— Othee Tenses anu Moods. (Tims e bids votik).

ailofobok, I love myself constantly,
alofobok, I loved myself constantly,
elbfobok, I have loved myself,
ilofobok, I had loved myself,
olofobok, I shall or will love myself.
ul6fobok, I shall or will have loved myself,
lofobok-la, I might love myself.
Ibfobokos, I may love myself,
lofolokod, love yourself.

GEAMMAU or VOLAPUK 47

lofdnok (lofokon), to love one's self.

al elofokon (elofonok), to have loved one's self.

lofolok (lofokol), loving one's self.

Recipeocal Verb. (VeHb rezipik).

Plural (plunum) —

lofobs obis, -we love each other.

lofols olis, you love each other.

lofoms okis (omis), they (men) love each other.

lofofs okis (ofis), they (women) love each other.

lofons okis (onsis), you love each other.

Inteebogative Foem. (Sakabid.)
l6fob-U (H-l6fob?) do I love?
Inteerogation and Subjunctive Mood. (Sak e mogabid.)
l6foh-li-la (li-lofob-la) or (li-la-l6fob) ? might I love?

Negative Form. (Nononabid).
no lofob (lofob no), I love not.

Negative and Ixteeeogation. (Noned e sak.)

no l6fob-li? \

no U-lofob? 4„ J not love?

lofob-li no r I

li-no lofob? '

Negative, Intereogative, and Subjunctive Mood.
(Noned, sak en mogabid.)

no lofob-U-la? i

no-li-l6fob-la V | might I not love ?

l6fob-li-la-no ? )

Impersonal Veeb. (Velib neposodik.)

lomibos, it rains,
aildmibos, it rains constantly,
alomibos, it was raining,
elomibos, it has been raining,
oldmibos, it virill rain.

48 GEAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

(2.) Passive Form. (Sufafom.) Present tense (patiip).

Singular (banum) —

palofob, I am loved.

palofol, thou art loved.

palofom, lie is loved.

palofof, she is loved.

paldfos, it is loved.

palbfon, one is loved.

palofosok (reflective') .

palofons, you (^ thou) are loved.
Plural (planum) —

palofohs, we are loved.

palofols, you are loved.

palfifoms, they (men) are loved.

paldfofs, they (women) are loved.

Imperfect Tense. (Patiip).

Singular (banum) —

palofob, 1 was loved.

palofol, thou wast loved.

palofom, he was loved.

palofof, she was loved.

palofos, it was loved.

paldfon, one was loved.

palofosok f reflective).

palofons, you (z= thou) were loved.
Plural (plunum) —

palofobs, we were loved.

palofols, you were loved.

palofoms, they (men) were loved.

palofofs, they (women) were loved.

Perfect Tense. (Petiip)

Singular (banum).

pelbfob, 1 have been loved.

pelofol, thou hast been loved.

pelofom, he has been loved.

pelofof, she has been loved.

pelofos, it has been loved.

pelofon, one has been loved.

pelbfosok (reflective).

pelofons, you (= thou) have been loved.

GEAMMAH OP VOLAPiiK. 49

Pluviil (plunum) —

pelofobs, -we have been loved,
pelofols, you have been loved,
pelofoms, they (men) have been loved,
pelofofs, they (women) have been loved.

PLnpERPECT Tense. (Pitiip).

Singular (banxim) —

pilofob, I had been loved,
pilofol, thou hadst been loved,
pilofom, he had been loved,
pilofof, she had been loved,
pilotbs, it had been loved,
pilofon, one had been loved,
pilofosok (reflective),
pilofons, you (=thou) had been loved.

Plural (plunum) —

pilofobs, we had been loved,
pilofols, you had been loved,
pilofoms, they (men) had been loved,
pilofofs, they (women) had been loved.

FuTUEE Tense. (Potiip).

Singular (banum) — •

polofob, I shall or will be loved,
polofol, thou shalt or wilt be loved,
polofom, he shall or will be loved,
polofof, she shall or will be loved,
polofos, it shall or will be loved,
polofon, one shall or will be loved.
polofoBok, (reflective),
polofons, you (=thou) shall or will be loved.

Plural (plunum) —

polofobs, we \

i-i! ' XI. /• \ ( shall or will be loved,
poloioms, they (men) i

polofofs, they (women) /

50 GKAMMAR OF VOLAPilK.

Pdtube Perpecx Tense'. (Putiip).

Singular (banunl) —

pulofob, I shall or -will \

pulofol, thou shalt or wilt j

pulofom, lie shall or will f

pulofof, she shall or will > have been loved.

pulofoa, it shall or will f

pulofon, one shall or will \

pulofosok (reflective). /

palofons, you (=thou) shall or will have been loved.

Plural (plunum) —

pulofobs, we ' j

pulofols, you ( gjj^jj ^^ ^j^j j^g_^g ,^ggj^ j^^g^^

pulofoms, they (men) I

pulofofs, they (women)j

AoRlSTl. (Paitiips).

pailofob, I am loved constantly.

pailofob, I was loved constantly.

peilofob, I have been loved constantly.

piilofob, I had been loved constantly.

poildfob, I shall or will be loved constantly.

puilofob, I shall ot will have been loved constantly.

Subjunctive Mood. (Mogabid). Present tense (patup).

Singular (bannm) —

palofob-la, I might be loved.
Plural (plunum) —

palofobs-la, we might be loved.

AoRisTi 01 THE Subjunctive Mood. (Paitups mogabida).

pailofob-la, I might be loved constantly.
pail6fob-la, I would be loved constantly,
peilofob-la, I might have been loved constantly,
piilofob-la, I would have been loved constantly,
poilofob-la, I shall or will be loved constantly,
puilofob-la, I shall or will have been loved constantly.

Othee Tenses. (Tims votik.)
palcifob-la, that I was loved
pe.ldfob-la, that I have been loved.
pil6fob-la, that I had been loved.

G,UAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK. 51

poldfom-la, that lie shall be loved.
puldfof-la, that she shall have been loved.

Optative (wishing form, vipabid.)

palofobos! that I may be loved.

pailbfolds, that thou mayest be loved constantly.

palofomos! that he might be loved.

peldfofds! that she may have been loved.

pilofosos! that it might have been loved.

pulofonsos! you (^ thou) shall, have, may be loved.

Impeuative Mood. (Budabid.)

palofobod! I must be loved !

p.ildfoldd ! be thou loved' !

pailofomod! he must be loved constantly!

pailofomod! he vras to beloved constantly!

peilofomod ! piilofomod !

poilofomod ! puilofomod !

palofomod ! pelofobcid ! '

pilofolod ! palofod ! pelofod !

Infinitive Mood. (Subsatabid.)

palofon, to be loved.

palofobon, my being loved.

paldfons, to be loved multilaterally.

paildfOn, to be loved constantly.

peilofon, to have been loved constantly.

pilofdn, (a being loved, that was).

pelofon, to have been loved.

pilofcin, (a being loved, that had been).

polofon, shall be loved.

pulofdn, shall have been loved.

palofonod ! (imperative) np to be loved !

Supine. (Disoinabid.)

al palofon, (so as) to be loved,
al pailofdn, (so as) to be loved constantly,
al palofcin, (so as) to be one, that was loved,
al pelofon, (so as) to have been loved.

52 eKAMMAB OF VOLAPiiK.

al pilofon, (so as) to be one, that had been loved.

al polofdn, (so as) to (shall) be loved.

al pulofon, (so as) (to shall have been loved).

Pakticiple. (Ladyekabid.)

palofbl, one, that is just loved.

pailolol, one, that is just loved constantly.

pililofol, one. that was 'loved constantly.

palofol, one, that was loved.

pelofol, loved.

pelofolol, thou, loved (one).

pilofol, one, that had been loved.

polofol, one, that will be loved.

pulofol, one, that shall have been loved.

palofolod! (be, being loved).

palofblon (to be one that is being loved).

pelofolson (to be a loved one).

Geiiundivum. (Mutabid.)

polofol, one (person) to love; one, that must be loved.

G-ERUNDIUM. (Mutabid in neud.)

polofijlos binos, it is to love, one must love (it).

Reflective Passive.

palofobok (I am loved by myself),
pelofolok (thou hast been loved by thyself).

B.ECIPEOOAL Passive.

palofobs fa obs, we are loved by each other — but on

the contrary :
palofobsok, we are loved by ourselves (each by his-

self).

Impeesonal Passive.

patdtos, it is thundering. "

IKTUANSITIVE Passive.

pagolos — going, is getting done.

pagolom — it is getting gone (in: one goes that road,
the road is getting gone).

GBAiniAR or TOLA.PUK. 53

IxTESEOGATiTE FoRM (Sakabid).

pal6fob-li (li-pal6fob)? am I loved? (am I getting
loved ?J

Ikterbogatiox axd SrwuscTiTE Mooj) (SaK e mogabid).

pal6fob-li-la (li-palofob-la) or (U-la-palofob)? might
I be loved?

iS'zGATiyE (Xoned).

no palofob, ") _ , ,

pal6fob-no, I I am no< loved.

Negative axd Istebbogation (Noned e ^k).
no palofob-li? j
no-li palofob? I

li-no palofob? i

am I not loved?
pal6fob-li no? J

Negattve, Ixteerogatios, axd SuBjrscTivE Mood
(Noned, sak e mogabid).
no pal6fob-li-la?'i

pSdfoSi?'^?^"^^* I "«* ^« ^°^^^
li-la palofob no?

§ 155. — The forms of the Verb with 5 (Foms veliba ko S).
(Verbum infinitum).

(1.) Imperative Mood od.

Ex. — sanolod, cure! (thou).
(2,) Optative (wishing) os.

Ex. — sanomoB. he may cure! (not: he might cure!)
(3.) Infinitive Mood on.

Ex. — sanon, to core.
(4.) Supine (=the infinitive mood vrith /or, or to, or lo as):
al. . .on.

Ex. — al sanon, for to cure, so as to cure.
(5.) Participles ol.

Ex. — present participle: sanol, curing,
past „ pesanol, cured.

(6.) a. Gerendivnm (must) po...bl.

li. — posanol, one that must be cured (not posanol, one
that shall or will be cured).

54

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPllK.

J. Gerendium (neutral) po. . .olos.
Ex. — binos pdsanolos (posanol), it is one that must be cured.

§ 156. — Adverbs (Ladvelibs).

(1.) When in Volapiik the adverbs are placed directly after
the verb, they are the very same as adjectives, and, like
these, usually end in ik

(2.) When used alone, however (without any verb), they
always end in iko; this o may be added in any case for
clearness.

(8.) Also in the comparative and the superlative degrees
of comparison ,this o ma,y be added to the inflected forms of
the adverb for clearness.

Ex.— gudikt/mo, in a better way
gudikano, in the best way.
legxiAiVuno, the very best.
§ 157. (1.) In answers to questions like: how far? how
high, long, deep, broad? how long? how much time?), &c.,
the 4th case (i) is used.

Ex. — for a day (one day long), deli bal.
four meters (long), metis fol.
(2.) Only then the 1st case may be used when mistakes
are not possible, as, for example, in: my friend ate no bread
for three days, flen oba jio a/idom bodi dels kil, instead of
delis kil.

§ 158. (1.) Adverbs derived from adjectives always end in iko.
Ex. — jouiko, beautifully.
(2.) Adverbs derived from nouns only take the o.
Ex' — neito, at nights; delo, through the day.
§ 159. — The principal Adverbs in use (Gleladvelibs in geb) r

deto, right(ly).

diso, under, below.

don down.

ege/o, somewhere

egelo, always, continually,

ever.
els, else, otherwise.

era, thereof,' therewith, there-
fore, thence, therein, there-
over, thereto, hereof, hereby,
thereby, &c.
/alo, in case, further.

ai, always, ever, continually.

aliko, in any case.

6a, about, circa, perhaps.

hegino, at first. '

heno, well.

hifo, formerly, before.

hise, first.

bo, well, sure, certainly,

likely, perhaps.
hiio, formerly, before.
denu, again, over again.
desived, downwards.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiilC.

55

flanived, sideways, sideward.

foviko, directly, presently,
immediately.

futo, afoot

fiido, once, sometime, soon or
late.

ge, back.

godelo, early, at mortings.

2, also.

iko-li? how, how that, how so?

is, here, there.

jiinu, so far, thiis far.

hikod? why ?

kiiip? where?

kiplad? where?

kiplada? from where?

kipladi? where to?

kitimf when?

koh(o), together.

las, present, thereby.

latiko, at last, lastly.

Idto, lastly.

leigo, also, ditto, as well, same.

levem(o), extraordinary, un-
commonly.

li-, lik(o), liof how.

lino, about, round about.

lopo, up, above.

model(oJ, to-morrow.

mofo, away, gone.

nedeto, left (handed).

negelo, never, nevermore.

negeo, nowhere.

neito, at night, through the
• night.

nemo, per order, for, in name of.

nesemop, nowhere.

nesun, late, not early.

nevelo, never.

no, not, no.

nu. now.

ofen, often, repeatedly.

poso, thereafter, then, after-
wards.

poio, occasionally.

pozendelo, ia the afternoon,
p.m.

semap, somewhere

si, yes.

so, so, thus

sdto, plenty.

sun, soon, early, shortly.

susi. suso, suswed, upwards.

tan(o), then, thereafter,
thereon.

te, only, just, merely, but.

tef(am)o, according to, about.

ti, about, nearly

to, only.

tSbo,, difficult, hardly.

tog(o), at once, at a time.

tosna, this time

tu, too.

tudel(o), to-day, now-a-days.

m, there.

us, there

usa, from there.

vemo, vem, le . . very.

vanliko, in vain.

vOXopo, everywhere.

vendelo, in the evening.

vdn(o), once (past).

voto, else, otherwise.

ya, already.

yesdel(o), yesterday.

20, about.

zo, roundabout.

56

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

Preposition? (Piapods).

§ 160. — Prepositions in Yolapiik are always placed before
the words whose relation to other words they point out.

§ 161. — The prepositions usually govern the 1st case (nomir
native), and especially those answering to, whefe? from where?

Ex. — in the town — in zif

§ 162. — Some of the prepositions answering to: where to?
govern the 4th case, singular and plural.

Ex — to the town — in zifi.

They are :
hevii, between.
hif, before.
da, through.
dis, beneath.
do, of, about.
in, in, to, till.
ju, till, to.
kol, against.
len, to.

neb, next.

oned, below.

ove, ovie, over, up, above.

pla, out (outside).

po, after.

su, up, on.

to, against.

zi, round.

zii, roundabout.

English to, till, is in Volapiik, ju
„ iinto „ „ ju len.

„ on till _ „ „ jii su.

,, till against ,, jii kol.

§ 163. — List of the principal Prepositions that require the
nominative (1st case):

ata/?anu, side (this side).

ba, about.

hu (buf), before, first (in value,

rank).
6a! (btif ), before, first (in time).
danu, thanks.
di from, away from.
dem(U), above, side, farther

than.
defii, for want of, for fault of.
detii, right (handed).
disii, beneath, under.
do, of, about.

du, while.

dub, by.

eiejlanii, side (other side).

fa, by.

in, in, at.

kanii, on account of.

ke, with.

hia, according to.

ko, with.

kom, in face of.

kos, toward.

Id, near.

len, till.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

57

linedii, -withm.
lo, in view of.
U, over, above.
lopii, over, farther than.
ma, after, according to.
me, by means of.
ndmii, on account of.
nedetu, left-(handed).
neleto, of, by, for.
nen, without.

nestu, saving, in spite of, not-
withstanding.
nil^ (nil), next.
pla, in stead of.
ple(plo), for.
plo, out, beside.
po(s), aft«r.

p'dtii, occasional.

sa, besides.

se, out.

segun, according to.

sis, since.

sukii, consequently.

sumie, besides, except.

sus, up, over, across.

to, against.

tefii, concerning.

to, notwithstanding.

tonii, according to.

iino, in. within.

ve, along.

visii, opposite.

zi, round about.

Conjunctions. (Konyuns).

§ 164. — The principal Conjunctions in use (Glekonyuns in
geb):

ai, but, yet, however.

as, as.

a. . .a, (before vowels dd, . .dd),

as well as.
ds, as.

hi, because, whereas.
hiifo, before.
das, that.
dat, so that.
deno, yet.

do, as though, although.
du, dii, while, whereas.
e (before vowels ed), and.
falo, in case of.
ga, yet.

i (before vowels id), also.
ibo (ibd?), than.

if, if •

ifi, even though.

jiis, till.

ka, than (after the compara-
tive degree).

kelup, when, at what time.

k'6, where.

kii, when, at what time.

na (before vowels nag), after,
when.

ni. . .ni, neither. . .nor.

noe...soi, not only. ..but also.

sis, since.

sod, but, however.

tos, nevertheless.

a (before vowels Hd), or.

u (before vowels ud), or.

uf. . .ud, either or, if. . .then.

ven, as, since, because.

ye (before vowels yed), yet,
nevertheless, but, however.

58 GUAMMAB OF VOLAPiiK.

Intekjections. . (Linteleks).
§ 165. — The principal Interjections in use (Glelinteleks in geb) :

adyo, adieu! good-bye! milo, devilish!
a^, ah! \ . ^nS (mofo), away! begone! gee
lafo, bravo ! i-^P '•

■ duso, mum! o, 0! oh!

eko, behold! o, ah! indeed!

eko, hark! pMo (so), hush?

Ji, iie! fy! spido, sharp!

get, pray ! why ! stopii, stop !

gololbz, begone! siiso, get up! avast!

ISO, look here! takedo, st! hush! quiet! still!

ladyulo, adieu ! good-bye ! vu, hu !

lifo (lifombd), hail ! yi, avaunt ! begone ! away !

lopb, up! (upwards). yo, clear out! clear up!

lu, heigh! ho! hear! yu, help!
mdj (majd), march!

Some interjections may be in the passive form.
Ex. — patakedo (taktdo), quiet! hush! st!
paseilo (seilo), shut up!
patlodo (tlodo), comfort!

k\

An example of the formation of words and sentences in the
language of the world (§am Volapukika fomama vodas e setas):

I love all fellow-men of fhe whole world, especially those
civilized that trust in the language of the world, as in one
of the best means for the conjunction of nations.
■ Lofob kemenis valik, vola Iblik, pato etis pekulivol, kels
konfidoms Volapuke as bale medas gndikiin netasfetani.

love = l5f.

■I = ob.

I love = lofob.

all ^ val, valik (adjective).

fellow-man =: kemen.

fellow-men = kemens ; (4th case) = kemenis.

I love all fellow-men =

lofob kemenis valik; or,

lofob valikis kemenis; or,

kemenis valik lofob; or,

valikis lofob kemenis; or,

kemenis lofob valikis.

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPiiK. 5&

whole = 161, lolik (adjective).

world = vol.

of the world := vola

of the whole world = vola lolik; or, lolika vola.

specialty = pat. >

especial (adj.) = patik.

especially (adverb) '= patiko ; or, pato.

those (demonstrative pronoun), etis (4th case plural, of et).

civilization ^ kuliv; to civilise (verb) = kulivon; civilised
present participle . of the passive form) = pekulivol.

those civilised = etis pekulivol; or, pekulivolis et.

that (relative pronoun, who) ^= kel, kels (plural).

trust (confidence) =r konfid.

to trust (verb) ^ konfidon.

(they) trust (3rd person plural) =: konfidoms

language = piik

in the language = puke.

the world = vol; (2nd case) ^ vola.

that trust in the language of the world = kels (kel) kon-
fidoms Volaptike. ,

as ^ as.

one = bal.

in one = bale.

goodness (noun) = gud.

good (adjective) = gudik.

best (superlative degree) = gudikun.

of the best (2nd case plural) = gudikiinas.

means (plural) = meds; (■2nd case) medas.

as in one of the best means =

as bale medas gudikun; or,

as bale gudikiinas medas.

junction = tan

con = fe . . .

conjunction = fetan.

for the conjunction (4th case) = fetani

nation = net.

of nations (2nd case plural) = netas.

for the conjunction of nations = netasfetani; or (fetani
netas).

Remark. — The most practical and the usual way of writing the
softened vowels a, 5, ii. is », o, and u.

VODASBUK

YOLAPUKIK-NELIJIK.

VOLAPtJK— ENGLISH

YOCABULAEY.

a!, ah!

a, each, a, per, for, towards,

against, (every, (atel, every

two).
it. . .a (ad. . .ad) as well-as.
ab, hut, though, however,
adel, daily, every day.
adelo, to-day, this day, now.
Melo, yesterday,
adyo!, good-bye, adieu.
aJt, that one there, yon.
ag!, ah!
ai, continually,
ai, lasting, always, usedto. . .
aidundn, to do often, use to do.
aikel, whosoever.
aiikeZbs(t), whatsoever, which

ever.
aikitiOT, whenever,
aiko, wheresoever.
aiLik(o), however.
aQimodi^, however much,
al, to, towards, at,
all, this way, hither,
alik, each, every one.
aliko, in any case,
alim, every body,
alina, every time,
ate!, come on! go on!
a/o/ob, I loved, I liked to. . .
aloB, therefor thereby.
als6, thus, so, whereas, since.
aliipik, continual,
a ma, according to.
a mataa, every stxtimes.

a mul, monthly, a month.

an, arak, some, a few.

a/neito, to-night, this night.

anej'to, last night.

apod, apple.

apostel, apostle.

apul, April.

as(a), as, like.

...as, (2nd case plural).

a segun, (a ma), accordingto.

as?/, as if.

iislik(6), same as, like.

as(5, so, in such a manner, like.

as sam (a. s; sambdl) for ex-
ample, (ex), for instance.

at, the next, this.

at, just this one.

ata^anik, from this side.

a tel(ik) two by two, iu cou-
ples, two at a time.

ato, thus.

atof (of-at), this (feminine)

ffltof, just this (one) (of-at, ji-at).

atos (os-at), this. that.

a7os (os-at), just this.

afoso, hereby, thus.

ats, these

augur, augur, soothsayer.

a vel, seven at a time.

a vig, a week, per week, weekly.

a yel, a, vear, per year, yearly,
annually.

&yelo, in this year.

styelo, (in) last year.

64

GBAMMAU OP YOLAPUK.

ba, about, perhaps.

bad, bad, badness, evil, disease,
grief.

iadal, bad temper, bad nature.

6ac/ikj bad.

\>adilo, partly.

badlik, bad.

hadlikel, gloom3'per3on pessi-
mist.

hadloA, getting -worse, growing
worse, deterioration,

badlon, to get worse, grow
worse, deteriorate.

hadoi, wicked deed, villany.

badoi, meanness.

bad6n, to be bad, badly.

badng, baseness, wickedness.

baf, (foUA&vog), bass base.

bafel (folidLa,vdgel), basist.

bafo! bravo!

ba/olik, honest,, just, virtuous,
good.

ba/bm, uniformity.

ba/omik, uniform.

i"/^S< honesty, uprightness
goodness.

6q/umo, br.iver! juster!

fea/uno! bravo! ! !

bagaf, paragraph.

Jaik, eventual.

bak, baking.

bak, back.

bafcapik, monocephalous.

bakel, baker.

baken, bakehouse, bakery.

hakioed, backwards.

Tasbkolumik, in one column.

bakon, to bake.

bakot, baking, batch.

bakun, balcony.

bakun, back-ground.

bal, one.

bal, berry.

bal&&, harmony, unity.

balaAal, the striving for unity.

6a/adik, solitary, unanimous.

6a/adon (balon), to unite.

6aZam, union, agreement, recon-
ciliation, harmony, concur-
rence, confomity.

balam, explanation, solution,
illustration, elucidatiou.

balamon, to agree, concur.

balsmum, unit, one, digit.

bala,span, one horse carriage.

Balears, Balearic isles.

baleftafcik, stale.

halebuk&i, old book trade.

halebukel, old book merchant.

baled, age, old age.

baledamon, pension.

bdledan, gray beard, old man.

6ai«rfanik, like an old man.

baledaAi, oldness, antiquity:

SffiMatav, archaeology.

balerfeurik, old German.

baWik, old, aged, elderly.

bale(do) , old ....

bdledon, to become obsolete,
to grow old,

hdledoti. antiquities.

ftaWiip, high age.

bale.9/iHk, old Greek

balel, one (the cipher)

baleia/', one and a half.

6a/elil, small one (cipher).

balemaseZ, oldmaster, oldest
master, headmaster.

baliad, thousand million.

balib, beard.

balibA, barber.

balibAon, to shave.

GUAMMAK OF VOLAPUK.

65

ialibik, bearded.

baliboa, to put on a beard,

to grow a beard.
balii, first. _
JaZidab, first fruit.
baliiavSg, first voice soprano.
SaZidna, first time.
JaZidno, for tbe first time.
iaZido, in tbe first place,

primely, firstly.
balif, union, concord.
JaKfik, unanimous.
JoHk, singular, plain.
6aZiko, simply, plainly.
balikag, simplicity, ' plainness,

candour.
bain, a small one.
6aSm(e) 7:otim(i), each

other, mutual.
BaHmik votimik, the

one the other.

balion, million.

baliondil, millionth, millionth

part.
5aZionena, a million tiraes.
balna,, once.

Jotoabad, table of multiplica-
tion.
JaZnalido, for the first time.
JaZnalik, single.
JaZnaliko, at once,
balmk, of one sort, indifferent.
balo, at once, all at once.
baloi (balad), harmony, union.
baZo^ik, monocular, one-eyed.
ftaZon (bofbn, klubon), to unite.
bal-08 {oa-bal), the digit one.
bal^emotol. only-born,
bals, ten,
balsa^uZ, decagon.
balaeiaZ, eleven.
halsedil, tenth part.
balse/oZ, fourteen.

balse/dZ, eighteen.

balseizZ, thirteen.

balsel, number of ten,

ftaZselul, fifteen.

ftaZselulid, fifteenth.

6aZsemal, sixteen.

5aZsena, tentimes.

JaZsenalik, tentimes over.

5aZsenik, of ten sorts.

SaZseniko, in ten different ways.

balsetel, twelve.

5aZseieZad, a dozen.

JaZsetela^wZ, dodecagon.

6aZsetel(^«'Z, twelfth part.

balsetelel, a quantity of twelve,
adozen,

balseieZid, twelfth.

balseteZidna, the twelfth time.

balsefeZidno, for the twelfth
time.

balseieZik, twelvefold.

balseicZ mil, twelve thousand.

balse^«Zna, twelve times.

balse^eZnik, of twelve sorts.

balsefaZ tum, twelve hundred.

balseteZiif, duodecimo.

balseweZ, seventeen.

haiseziil, nineteen.

&aZsid, tenth.

6aZ«idna, tenth time.

ftaZsidno, for the tenth time.

JaZsido, in the tenth place.

ftaZsik, tenfold.

JaZsil, small ten.

JaZsion, decilion.

bals mil, ten thousand.

bals tum, (ten hundred) thous-
and.

balsni, decimo.

Baltasar, Balthazar.

JaZiido, first, as yet.

SaZiif, prime.

5aZugik, indivisible.

5

66

GBAMMAB. or YOLAPUK.

ftaiiikoii, to simplify.
halvia, solo.
halutmk, first-named.
balun, balloon,
bakoftk, eaohoter.
bam, bench, pew, bank,
ban, bath,
banik, bathing-,
ban, ebb, reflux,
banacem, bathroom.
loa.na.loted, bath-hotel,
banasft'f, bath-institution,
ftaraon, to bathe,
baniira, unit,
banumik, single,
baon, nobility.

baonel, nobleman, noble, baron.
baorak, noble.

baonon, to nobilitate"; to en-
noble,
bap, lowness, meanness.
6apal, bad character.
bapam., abatement.
6apik, bad, low, mean.
bapbn, to debase,
bar, bar, rod,
Barbad, Barbados.
Barbarans, Barbarian States.
Barm, Lower-B,hine.
Barselona, Barcelona
Basa.'5(an), Lower Saxony.
baseJion, to abdicate,
baset, basket.
bdsetel, basket-maker.
based!, small basket.
basiZaZiik, monosyllabical.
basin, basin,
bat (6aJam), bait, decoy.
Batafan, Batavia.
Batafel, Batavian.
batSl, seduction,
batan, batalion.
bdt&zib, docoy, bait

baton, to allure, docoy, bait.

bauo^fik, unanimous.

bayo^of, unanimity, harmony.

Bayan, Bavaria.

baj/eZik, one year "old.

bazam, basar.

beat, salvation, bliss.

beatilk, blissful, blessed.

6eai!5n, to save.

bed, bed.

bedasio/, bedding, bed linen,

bedUn, to make the bed.

hedHnlam), service, attendance.

Toedunon, to serve, assist, attend,

hejeiiik, contestable,

be/uZam, fulfilment,

be/Mi!6n, to fulfil accomplish,

beg, request, begging, entreaty,

begin, beginning, commence-
ment,

beginsX, undertaker,

beffinal, enterprising (mind),

begm&TB., undertaking,

beginei, beginner, novice,

beginik, original, first.

begino, originally, at first.

beginon, to begin, commence
start, undertake.

be^juon, to present, endow,

heglidaxa, salutation.

heglidon, to salute.

beg'dn, to pray, beg, desire. }

bait, bite.

beital, biting, sharpness, keen-
ness.

beiton, to bite.

beitoi, bit, set of teeth. j

bek, request, demand.

hekipon, to keep.

beHi^on, to war (against).

befcZireon, to arrange, put al-
right, adjust.

befcioitam, dressing.

GKA.MMAE OP VOLA.PUK.

67

feefcon, to demand, beg.

\>ekonsal6n, to consult.

bel, mountain, mount.

heldbon, to make happy.

bela,ioveg, road througli the
mountains.

6eZem, range of mountains.

befe/on, to animate, give life.

belik, mountainous.

Beljan, Belgium.

Belj'dnel, Belgian.

ielUn, to heighten, raise.

bem, beam.

bemaZ(am), characterizing.

bemaZon, to mark, character-
ize.

hemedik, at ease, rich, well
to do.

bemu/am, contact.

hemufon, to touch.

ben, grace, favour, mercy.

ftenal, graciousness, mercy.

ftenat, welfare.

bereemam, denomination.

be»i«m6n, to name, denominate.

Bengalan, Bengal.

ienik, gracious, merciful.

beno, good, well.

beno\ well!

binoA, benefit.

benodel, benefactor.

6enodik, benefi.cent.

6enod8f, beneficence.

ftenodon, to do good.

6enof, welfare, best.

6enon, to pardon, forgive.

henosmel, fragrant smell.

benoton, harmony.

ben5iOJiam, tuning, making
melodious.

'benotomk, harmonious

benotonBl, melodious.

benotonpn, to be harmonious.

benotoreon, to make melodious.

henovip, congratulation.

benouz^el, well.wisher.

benouJpSn, to congratulate.

benug, welfare.'

bepKfcam, bespeaking.

bepaion, to bespeak.

ber, bear.

Berbaran, Barbary.

BermudarezsuZs, Bermuda-Isles,

Berta, Bertha.

bes!Ou(sion), to afSrin, answer
with yes.

hesten, staining.

hestemk, stained.

besftmon, to honour.

bet, garden-bed.

beft'fcalik, eager, enthousiastic.

hetikalon, to inspirit.

beJoTiam, accentuation.

hevikodaxa, victory, conquest.

hevikodon, to conquer.

beuoSadon, to workat, prepare.

beuoiton, to call, appoint, con-
voke.

hevolekiin, to bringabout, cause.

bevu, between, under.

bevunetik, international.

6«uuno, meanwhile.

bi, since, as, because.

bib, bible.

bibliogafik, bibliographieal.

bid, sort, kind.

bido, so to say , in some way.

bied, bitterness.

biednm., exasperation.

bied&i, exasperation.

biedik, bitter.

biedon, to embitter, exasperate,
inveterate.

bien, bee.

bienaffoOT, beehive.

bienal, zeal of bees.

68

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

bien&p, breeding of bees.
bif, before.
bi/ik, former.
bifo, former.
bi/o\ first!
6j/oik, first.
J^oin, curtain,
big, thickness,
higsbjined, thumb.
'biga^vaet, jelly.
bigik, thick,
big-otel leader.

bigon, to make thick, to con-
dense, thicken.
bi'iiZ, fore-hell,
bijop, bishop.
by op, episcopal,
bijxit, jewellery,
bil, beer.
bilel, brewer,
bilen, brewery,
biliad, billiards,
biliet, note, bill, billet,
bilod, bUe, gall,
bilod&l, biliousness.
bilon, to brew.
bilot, brewing,
bim, tree.

bimaZam, branch of a tree.
bimSblamik, branchy,
bimawffifc, graftingwax.
bin, the act of being.
binel (the, one) being.
5melik, essential,
imob, I am.
binoh (binoms) they are.
binon, to be.

binoe (sibinos), it is, there is.
hipolon, to carry at the front.
hipiik, introduction, speech,
biret, turban.
hise . . . , fore . . .
hiseitOTi, to lay before.

hisespid'dn, to run before, (of

clocks:) to go fast.
hisiadon, to set before,
bisierfcl, chairman, president,
bisj'erfon, to preside.
hisilab, prefixed syllable,
biskit, biscuit,
bisumon, to intend,
bit, proceeding, doing.
biton, to proceed, work,
bitopon, to put before,
bived (foi), ahead,
bivedo! qo ahead!
biye(d), however, but.
hizif, suburb.
hizug, profit, preference,
hizugik, splendid, excellent.
hizug'dt, excellence.
hizug'on, to prefer, advantage,
bla . . . , black . . .
blabiik, black-printing.
blad(-am), bellows, blowing,
blad, breath, gasp,
bladon, to blow,
blad on, to breathe,
bladot, blowing.
Blafot, German Black Forest,
blag, blackness.
Blagamel, Black Sea.
Blagan, Black, Moor negro.
Blagan, Country of the moors,
blagik, black,
blaglik, blackish,
blagbn, to blacken, black,
bia/euaZ, black horse,
blam, rebuke, reproof.
blam(-am), blaming,
blamel, blamer.
blamik, blamable.
blamon, to blame,
blamon, to blame, censure,
bled, leaf, sheet,
bledeiA, bower, arbour.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

69

bledeaa, leaves.

bledon, to turn over the leaves,
run tkrough.

blef, brevity, shortness,

fole£k (neiojietfik) short.

blefo, in short, to go short.

blefbn, to shorten, abbreviate.

blegon, to bend, bow.

blein, blindness.

bleinSl, blindness (mental).

bleinsaa, blinding.

hleitak, blind.

bleinon, to blind, blindfold.

blek. break, breach, rupture.

blekam, breaking, refraction.

bleMk, fragile, brittle.

blekon, to break.

blem, eavalling.

blemel, cavalier.

ble«enon, to have a presenti-
ment of

bletjOTO, lately, not long since,
the otherday.

blib, stay, residence.

blibSn, to stay, reside.

blig(8ot), duty.

bUgal, notion of duty.

bligam, obligation.

bligat, obligation, hypotheca.

bligik (sotik), duly.

bligon, to oblige.

blini(-am), outfit.

blimon, to fit out, to give a
dowry to.

blin, contribution, quotation,
producing.

bUnon, to bring.

blit, trowsers.

blob, whale-oil.

blod, brother.

blodal, brother-hood.

blodam, fraternization.

blodem, brothers.

blodik, brotherly.

blodOn , to fraternize.

blof, proof, testimony.

blofam, proofing.

blofbn, to prove, show.

blog, sheet of paper.

blon, brown, bay.

blouj fair, flaxen.

blonik, brownnish.

blonik, fair, light.

blonon, to colour brown.

blonon, to make fair, blond.

blot, bosom, breast.

blotaklot , under- waist-coat ,

vest. ^
bloton, to show a high breast,

to be proud, pigeon breasted,
blud, blood,
bludik, bloody,
bludon, to bleed,
bludot, blood, race,
bluf, proof, trial,
blufam, testing,
bliif, experiment,
blufik, standing the test.
blufon, to try, test.
blufon, to experience,
bluk, brook.
blukU, rillet.
blum(-am), apparatus.
blun(-am), delivery,
bliinaim, term of delivery,
bliinel, purveyor.
bliinSn, to purvey, diliver.
blunup, time of delivery,
bo, well, certain, apparent,
bo!, fun! foolishness! foUy!
boad, wood.

boadal, sillyness, stiffness,
boadaiu/i fagot, bavin
boadem, thicket, underwood,
boadik, wooden.
boadUk, wooded.

70

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPUK.

boadnik, woody.

boadon, to cut wood, to uproot

(trees),
bob, arob, bow.
bob, exchange,
bobik, bent, arcbwise.
hohlod, brother-in law.
bod, bread,
bod, bird.

bedaf, world of birds.
hdda,bid, kind of birds.
BodanZafc, Bodensea, Loch of

Constanz.
bSdav, ornithology,
bodavel, ornithologist,
bodel, breadmerohant.
bodel, birdoateher, fowler,
bodem, poultry, fowl,
bodik, of bread,
bodik, like a bird.
bodoHj to earn bread.
bodSn, to catoh birds.
Bodugan, Portugal.
Boduganel, Portuguese,
boed, plank, board,
boedik, to made of boards,
boedon, to cover with boards,
bof, span, team,
bofam, teaming,
bof, farce, trick, fun.
' bofel, droll, bufPoon, funny

fellow,
bofal, facetiousness.
bofik, both,
biifik, funny, merrj', witty,

facetious,
bofnik, both kinds.
bbfBf, fun, facetiousness.
bofbn, to team,
bog, chest, coffin, box.
bSg, press, cupboard closet,

cabinet,
bogik, like a chest.

boin, borax.

bok, case, sheath,

bok, box.

bolad, load.

bSladik, loaded, heavy.

boladon, to load.

holed, presumption.

boledik, arrogant, presump-
tuous.

Bolonya, Bolognia.

bolot, impudence.

bolBtik, impudent.

bom, bone.

bomauzV, vertebra.

BQman, Bohemia.

Bomanik, Bohemian.

bomanik, Bohemian.

bon, bean.

boned, subscription.

bonedel, subscriber.

bonedon, to subscribe.

bbnon, to favour.

bos, something.

boset, noise, ado, bustle,
rumour, howling.

bosetik, noisy.

bSseton, to make noise.

b6sin, porcelain, china.

bosinel, china-man.

bosinik, china-, of china,

boso, somewhat.

hot, boat:

hotel, attendant in a coffee-
house.

boteldn, to attent, to wait
upon customers in a cof-
fee-house.

hov, dish, plate.

hovil, saucer.

hredel, beltmaker.

breden, beltmaking.

brigan, brigade.

brokel, broker.

GEAMMAR OP VOLAPUK.

71

brokon, to be a broker.

bu (buf), first, (in rank &c.)

bu . . . . pre ....

bu (buf), first (in time).

bub, beef, ox, bvill.

btiba (bubik), — beef.

bud, hedge.

bud, order, commandment.

hxiisibid (grammar :) imperative
mood.

biidel, commander.

biidik, commanding, imperious.

bndon, to hedge in.

budon, to order, command.

bueg, beech.

buegik, of beech wood.

bufik, being before, first (in
rank &c.)

bufik, being before (in time).

bufo, first (in rank, &o.)

biifo, first (in time).

blifoik, former, sooner.

bufam(o), sooner, rather.

btig, box.

buig, shop; tent, stall.

bujad, forest, wood.

bujadik, woody.

bujadem, grove.

buk, book.

biik, printing.

buka . . ., book-.

\)vka.dism, specification, cata-
logue.

lukakoleb, library.,

btjkama^, printing image.

biikapewad, printed letters.

bukasetom, publishing.

bukasetel, publisher.

bukatonel, bookbinder.

bukatowen, bookbinding.

bukaiandn, to bind books.

bukaJec?, booktrade.

bakafefZal, bookseller, publish-
er, editor.

bukate(?am, bookselling.

bakaferfan, bookseller.

bukaietZel, bookseller, stationer.

bukatonaJ, letter ,printing letter.

hukel, writer, author.

btikel, printer, bookprinter.

buken, printing-office.

bukik (buka . . .), book- ;

bukik, printing- ;

bukil, small book.

bukon, to book.

bukon, to print.

Bukovau, Bucowina,

hiikuliv, modelling.

biil, greens.

bum, building, structure.

hu-mamasel, architect, builder,
surveyor.

bumatetel, joiner, cabinet-ma-
ker.

bumof, building.

bumon, to build.

bumot, building.

bun, leap, jump, spring, hound.

bunel, jumper, springer.

bun, pear.

bundan, abundance.

hundanon, to overfiow.

hunojn, to jump, spring, leap.

biio, first, afore.

biir, office-table.

but, boot.

but, (small) boat.

bntin, boot-jack, jack.

72

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

C. (pronounced aa: j)

cad, importance.

cacZik, important, i

caf, kettle, boiler.

caf, chafer, beetle.

cal, oifice, profession, situ-
ation.

cal, commission, position, situ-
ation, state.

cal&hlig, duty of one's state.

calaMod, colleague, fellow.

caZal, knowing one's state.

caZam, nomination.

caZan, justice of peace.

calasiez/el, fortune seeker.

calel, functionary, officer.

calik, official.

colon, to be in function, to have
a place as functionary.

calon, to nominate.

cam, chamois.

cam, chamber, hall, council-
chamber.

carnal, counsellor of the empire,
member of the council.

can, ware, goods, merchandise.

can, exchange, change (of mo-
ney).

canal, mind for business.

02ina,magad, store, warehouse
magazine.

canasecZam, exportation.

canon, to change (money).

ced, opinion.

cedbn, to be of opinion, to
think.

cein(-am), change, alteration.

cemon, to alter, change.

eel, cherry.

ceZaJim, cherry tree.

cem,room, chamber, apartment.

cemil, small room-, apartement.

cen, change , transformation,
metamorphosis.

cenal, changeableness.

ceraam, variation, change.

cenon, to vary, change.

cep(-am), thrashing.

cep5n,'to thrash. -

cet, chest.

oid, chisel.

ci&k, like a chisel.

cif, chief, head-, manager.

ce/al, chief-manager comman-
der in chief; counoilj senator.

ci/ajTo., chief-council.

cifel, see: cif.

cs/on, to manage, command.

oig, cheek, jole.

cil, child,

cjVil, little child, baby.

cjZad, filiation.

dial, love for children.

cUik, childish.

cz7of, childishness, childhood. -

cilug, filiation.

cim, chimney.

czmel, chimney-sweeper.

cin, machine, engine.

cman, machinist, engineer.

Cman, China.

Cindnel, Chinese.

cmm&, Chinese,

cintin&a, to make china-, por-,
celain.

cjnel, machine-maker, instru-
ment-maker.

cmif, machinery.

cinik, machinal, mechanical.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

73

ciniif, mechanics.

cmiifel, mechanician, engineer.

cimiSk, mechanical.

cihiifim, mechanism.

cipsel,. heathen, vagabond.

cipsen, vagrancy, vagabondry.

cit, disappointment, (of others :)
citam.

citon, to disappoint, to frustrate.

cod, justice.

codacaZ, judicature.

cddal uprightness.

codat, judicatory, sentence.

cMatam, name and reputation,
name and fame.

codaAon, to sentence, judge,
define.

codel, judge.

cbdelik, judicial, justiciary.

coden, court of justice, tribunal,
jurisdiction.

coifik, just, righteous.

codoi, justice.

codon (codoton), to judge, pro-
secute one at law, execute.

coduk, judicature.

cog, joke, jest, irony.

cogai, jester, wag.

coga-vod, ftinny saying, pun.

quibble, jest.

co^'ik, joky, funny.

co^on, to jest, joke.

com, small room.

cop, hew, hoe

cop, gash, cut, felling.

copon, to chop, hash, hew.

copon, to hack, fell, cut.

coti/on, to justify, answer for.

cuk, ass.

cuHk, like an ass, stupid.

cukal, ass's head, dunce.

cuken, drudgery.

cui um, bigger ass, more stupid.

cutun, biggest ass, most stupid

person,
cun, lent.

cunah'm, shrove tide.
Clin, chin,
canal, intelligence,
curaon, to fast,
ciit, cheat, deception, trick,

imposture.
ciitei, cheater, imposter,

deceiver,
carik, deceitful, fraudulent
- false, cheating,
caion, to cheat, impose, deceive.

da, by, (direction:) dai,

da .... , there ....

AaAal, separate thing, single

thing.
daftaZik, separate.
Askbalo, separately.
daSatod, singularity.
Asibalon, to detail, sell in retail.
daJe^on, to ask for.
Aaduk, education.

dadukah, pupil,
daiufcav, art of educating,
dadufevik, educational.
Aa.dukeb, seminary.
Aadukel, educator, tutor.
di&dukik, tutelar,
dadfwifcon, to educate, tutor.
da<?«fcop, boarding-sehool.
daeg, darkness, obscurity.
daegik, dask, obscur.

74

GEAMMAR Of VOLAPuK.

daet, date (plant).
daflii(-ain), conclusion, termi-
nation, end.
da/bmon, to form,
dag, darkness, obscurity,
dag, dagger, poniard.
dagsj\, obscure person.
da^raZon, to awake.
Aa.get, acquirement, attainment.
Aageton, to acquire, attain.
dagik, dark.
dstgleip, seizing, attack.
A&gleipm, to seize, attack.
Aaglo/oTa, to augment, grow

propagate.
dagon, to get dark, -obscur.
ddgon, to stab, pierce (with a

dagger),
daif, daintiness.
daifik, dainty, nice, sweet

delicious, delicate,
dakik, unlocking, opening.
dakikon, to unlock, open,
dal, allowance, leave, licence

permission.
dalaxa, warrant, authority.
daleh, indigence.
dalehik, indigent, needy, poor.
dalebon, to want, need.
Anlet, dispensation, release

dismission, discbarge.
daZe^on, to dismiss, acqiiit.
dafez(-am), illumination.
daZzZal, airiness, transparency;

eminence, bigbness, grace.
AalitaX ons. Tour Eminence,

Your Higbness.
Aalit&l, clear bead.
Aaliton, to illuminate, enligb-

ten, clear up, alleviate, ease.
Dalmatan, Dalmatia.
dato/6n, to offer,
da/ojon, to see, look at.

dalon, to allow, permit, admit,
grant.

daliin, may (verb).

daZop(-am), conquest,

dalopel, conqueror.

daZdpon, to conquer.

dam, dam, bank, dike.

dam(-am), damage, loss, barm,
preju.dice, hurt. .

damani/am, opening,

damat, drama, play.

damaiel, actor, performer.

darnaton, to dramatize.

ddmik, burtful, prejudical.

ddmoi, burtfulness.

damon, to dam up, enbank.

ddmon, to damage, burt, injure,
prejudice, impair.

damuzon, to extort, wrest.

dan, trank, acknowledgement.

Dan, Dgnmark.

Danel, Dane.

danik, Danisb.

dans^To. (danasa^), thanks-
giving.

danasa^on, to say thanks, to
thank.

danem(-am), nomination, de-
nomination, patent, diploma-
ma, appointment.

danemon, to nominate, appoint,
name.

cZaraigik, thankworthy.

danik, thankful, grateful.

danoi, thankfulness, gratitude.

^araon, to thank, refuse, say
grace.

A&not, enquiry, demand, search,

damorik, enquiring.

A&noton, to enquire, -search.

dam. thank (preposition).

Danub, Danube.

danud, dance.

GEAJIJIAK OF VOLAPiiK.

75

daniidon, to dance.

daniidafcafj, art of dancing.

danudel, dancer.

iapedon, to oppress, to over-
whelm.

Dardanels, Dardanelles.

das, that.

das, therethrought, thereby.

daso, oh that!

dasd, that the . . . you.

daswmSn, to take.

dat, so that, that.

dat, date (stating the day).

daizHk, imaginahle.

A&tikoTi, to bethink, contrive,
imagine.

daton, to date.

dai«w(-ani), invention.

da<«w{-ain), discovery, detection.

diatiivel, discoverer, detecter.

dsktuv&l, inventive mind.

da^wal, detective mind.

dafawel, inventor.

d&tuvon, to invent.

A&tiivon, to discover, detect.

i&vestigl-am), investigation.

Anvestigel, investigator.

iavestigon, to investigate.

Dazian, Dacia.

de, from.

de . . ., de , . . (prefix).

deb, debt.

debel, debtor.

deWk, indepted, owing.

Aeheg, beseeching, deprication.

Aebid, bastard.

deblek, breaking off, rupture,

damage,
deblinon, to get (away) from.
deboi, obliged duty.
deboiL, to owe.
AehonedoTL, to countermand.
Aehiik, copy.

ded... (koded).
Aedamom, to dam up.
Aedit, parting, leave.
Aediton, to part, separate, dis-
join.

Aedlanon, to extort.

derfu^on, to drive off, to re-
pulse.

def, defect, need, poverty, want,
privation, lack.

defal, falling down, refuse,
remains, cuttings.

defanon, to catch from.

defik, defective, incomplete.

AefileAtin, to burn down.

Aefilon, to fire, discharge.

Aeflagon, to demand, require
exact.

Aeflano, aside.

AeflaniX (prep), since, from.

AeflumoTa, to flow down.

defo, for want of, for fault of.

de/on, to be wanting, to miss,
want.

def a , for need of, for want of.

deg (degol !)

Aegif, cast.

degifon, to found, cast.

degivon, to deliver, give up.

Aegol, departure.

de^oZod, way hither.

deyoZon, to go hitherward.

deig, axletree; addice.

de;a/on , to dismiss , leave off.

deil , death.

Aeiladel, death's day.

deilik, mortal.

deilof, mortality.

deilbn, to die.

Aejekoi, to deter, affray.

dek, attire, ornament.

deJc&m., ornamentation.

dekan, dean.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK .

deifce/bn, to brush off.

dekii., handsome, pretty, fine.

deklam, declamation.

Aekliemk, averse.

deklin, declination.

deklina/ijZ, case of declination.

Aeklinik, declinable.

dek^i, elegance.

Aekofiikm, to finish, accom-
plish.

iekdmot, origin.

defcombn, to originate.

dekHiJi, to attire, adorn.

dekul, December.

del, day.

del day.

delabled, daily paper.

Aelemon, to redeem, purchase,
buy.

Aelet, remission.

Aelet'on, to remit, to forgive.

delfin, delphin, dauphin.

Delfos, Delphos.

delidaxa, rizing in price, getting
dearer.

delidik, dear, expensive

delidoA, dearness, high price.

delid(s), expense, costs.

deliV, daily.

deWon, to examine, hear, try,

deZiu(-am), redemption, deliver-
ance.

deKuel, redeemer, deliverer.

deZiwbn, to redeem, deliver, free.

delo, through the day.

Aelodon, to unload.

delo e neito, day and night.

del6n, to dawn.

deluJe^on, to beg off.

dem(u), for ... ; for . .

Aemag, portrait, card.

deman, desire.

(?emfm6n, to desire, claim.

Demostenes, Demosthenes,
den, sword.
Aenid, beaming lustre,
deno, yet.

denu, again, over again.
denuaxa, reiteration, repetition,
denuaxaik, repeated.
denuajaiiko, repeatedly.
den«/am, slope, inclination.
denulik(o), again, repeated.
denuZog'am, reunion.
denuZo^on, to see again, meet

again.
denuiin, to repeat, reiterate.
Aenusaiin, recovery.
Denyeper, Dnieper.
Denyester, Dniester,
depad, despatch.
Aepdkon, to unpack, pack off.
Aepedon, to imprint, print off.
depenad, copy.
depereSn, to copy.
depfifcBn, to bespeak, appoint.
deputal, deputy, delegate.
deputel, despatcher, elector,

voter,
des, from, since,
des . . . , re ... .
desan, plan, aim, intention.
descin^D., to intent, aim.
dese, out, out of.

dese out ... un . . .

desedfon, to send, despatch.
Aeseistik, distant.
Aesep'dn, to dig off.
desid, desire, wish,
desidam, desire, favour, wish.
desidbn, to desire, want,
desin, intention,
desinik, intentionally.
desinon, to make up one's mind

to, to intend.
desZopik, inclining, sloping.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

77

de«uj»am6n, to erect, compose.

Aesved, this way, hither.

ieaveg, road hitherward

det, righthand.

ietedbn, to conclude, treat of,
finish.

de^e^on, to uncover, take off
the covering.

detik, right , dextral.

detiko (deto), (to the) right.

deriepon, to frighten.

ietlidon, to renounce, abdicate
retire (from business).

Aeiovim, to lift ofF.

detii, at the right of.

detul, detail, part.

detiilo, in details, separately.

detillon, (Aebalon), to detail, to
divide in small parts.

Deut, Germany.

deulel, German,

deutik, German (adj.)

deutdn, to speak German, trans-
late into German.

dev, despair.

devon, to despair.

devnn, a desperate person.

de»e^, sideroad, by-way, wrong

road.
devei, devil.
develen. devilish trick.
develik, devilish, diabolical.
develo ! the devil ! devilish !
de»o56n,-to drudge,
devod, devotion, piousness.
devodik, pious, devout.
de»odik, modifiable.
ievoton, to modify,
dialeg, dialect, accent,
diamet, section,
diameto, mediately,
diamin, diamond.
diamimk, of diamond.

diat, diet.

dib, depth.

dibsi^, draught (of a ship).

rfzMk, deep.

dibal, abstruseness.

dibalik, abstruse, profound.

di5?e^am, curving, bending.

Aiblegon, to curve, bend.

Aiblekaxa., breaking.

Aiblekon, to break.

dibon, to deepen, make deeper.

Aidil&in, mutilation.

dido, however.

dif, difference, diversity.

diferip, inflammation of the
throat.

di/ik, different, diverse.

dig, dignity, worth.

digik, worth

dik(-at), diction, dictate.

dikod, quarrel, dispute, conflict,
struggle, row.

dikodik, contrary, opposite, frac-
tious, repugnant.

dikodsii, quarrelsomeness.

dikodoi, discord.

dikon, to dictate.

dil, part.

dilsiia, division.

. . . dil. . . . part.

dilanum, fraction.

dilek, direction, management.

dilekel, managez, director, go-
vernor.

dileket, government, direction.

dilekiin, to govern, manage,
direct, rule.

dilel, divider, divisor.

diliA, participation.
dilidel, partaker.
<;87idik, participating.
diliAon, to be partaker,
dilik, divisible.

78

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

dUima.m, anal3'sis, solution.

dilimba. to analyze, solve.

dilo, partly,

dilod, share, quota.

dilon, to divide.

dilsumal, participation.

dilsumel, partaker, shareholder,

dilswmod, participation.

dilsnmon, to partake.

dini(-al), silliness.

Aimidavi, devouring.

diimidov., to devour.

dimik, silly, frivolous.

din, thing, object.

dins (Jinels), beings.

dinad, circumstance, condition,
situation.

dmadama/ik, concerning, pro-
portionate.

dinik, (grammar) neuter.

dinik, rank, dignity.

dinitSl, dignified bearing, self-
trust.

dinitskstik, ambition.

dinitel, person of rank, dignity.

dinitik, vrorthy.

dinii, in affairs, in business.

Dioklezian, Deooletian.

Dionusos, Dionysius.

dip(-av), diplomacy.

diped, diploma.

dipel (dipedeV), diplomatist,

diplod, explosion, detonation.

diplodon, te explode, detonize.

dis, under, below.

dis . . . . , below .^. . .

disa . . . . , under ....

AissMit, pair of drawers.

AisMot, under clothing.

disein, design, plan, aim, butt,
intention.

&iaema.bid, (Grammar) Supine.

diseinik, efficient, suitable-

diseinon, to have in view,

aim at.
DiseZsasan, Lower-Blsace.
disi, down, downwards.
disH, lower . . . . , bottom ....
disin, plan.

disinon, to plan, project, scheme.
disinik, systematical.
disip(-am), dispersion.
disipon, to disperse, scatter,
disiucii, downward,
dismit, dismission,
dismiton, to dismit.
dismiit, leave,
dismiiton, to give leave to.
diso, down, below, under.
disofizir, under-offioer.
Aisojedon, to subject, subdue,

submit.
dism, to sink,
disopen, to under- write, sign,

subscribe,
disopenam, the signing„
disopenad, signature,
disopenon, to sign, subscribe

under- write,
disosto/", lining,
disos/o/on, to line (clothing).
disputon, to dispute,
distiu, distinction.
distinsxa, distinguishment.
distinon, to distinguish.
distuk(-am), destruction, evers-

ion.
distukel, destroyer;
distukils., destructive.
distukon, to destroy,
disii, down, below.
dit(-am), separation, departure.
ditoYnt, aqua fortis,
ditib(-am), boarding, spending,
ditibel, spender, boarder.
ditibon to spend, to lay out;

GBAMJIAU OP VOLAPUK.

7&

diton, to separate, part.
Diterik, Derrick.
div, treasure,
dividen, dividend.
divik, appreciated, much

tionght of.
divisan, division (of the army).
divodH, abandoned.
dwodon, to surrender.
divoi, valuableness, taxability.
divon, to tax, rate, prize, value,

estimate.
Al = dokel, Doctor, Dr.
dlan, urgency, pressure.
dlamk, urgent, pressing.
dlandn, to urge, press, push,
dlat, thread.
dlatavivot, thread-tissue,
died, fear, anxiety, fearfulness.
dledik, fearful, timorous, afraid,

cowardly, anxious.
dledal, coward.
dled\ik, dreadful, terrible.
dledoi, timorousness.
dledon, to fear, be afraid, dread,

apprehend.
die/on, to hit,
dlemoji, to tremble, shake,

shiver, quiver, quake. ^

dlen, tear.
dlenon, to weep,
dlim, dream.
dlimel^ dreamer.
dlim&l, drowsiness.
dlimik, drowsy.
dlimon, to dream,
dlin, drink, liquer. potion

beverage.
dlinad, draught, drinking.
dlina&, drunken, tipsy, intox-
icated.
dlinadoTi, to water, to give

to drink.

dlinam., watering.

dlinamora. fee, vails, drink-
money.

Alinapet, toast, a cup of kind-
ness.

dlinapeton, to toast, to propose a
drink in honour of someboby .

dlinel, drinker.

dlirdk, drinkable, potable.

dtinon, to drink.

do, though, although.

do, of, about, regarding.

do atos(en), there about, thereof.

dob, falsehood, perfidy, pervers-
ity.

dohik, false, inexact, wrong.

dobik, falsel.

d6biko(dobo), falsely, wrongly.

(fo6dn, to make false.

dobon, to falsify, adulterate
counterfeit.

dod, consideration reflection,
remark.

dodel, Thursday.

dodelik, on Thursdays.

dof, fault, disease, defect.

dofik, defective, infirm, faulty,

do/on, to fail, miss, mistake.

dog, dog.

dogal, beastliness, brutality.

doga,snulut(enj, breeding of dogs.

dogik, canine.

doglik, doggish, currish, cynical,
canine.

dogon, to bring forth puppies,
so whelp, pup.

dok, doctorship.

ddk, duck.

dofcel(dl). Doctor, Dr.

dok&lon, to pass as Doctor,

dokiim, document.

dokiimik, authentical.

dokiimon, to make authentic.

80

GUAMMAB or VOLAPUK.

dol, pain, ache, grief.

del, idea, notion.

dolik, painful, grievoiis.

dolik, ideal, imaginary.

doloA, the ideal.

dolodih, ideal.

dolbn, to hurt, to cause pain
to grieve.

dolon, to idealize.

dom, house.

domacKnel, house-servant.

Aomakip, household, house-

' keeping.

domaifcipel, house-keeper.

domaiijpam , family-concerns
watching of the household.

domafopon, to do the house-
hold, to keep house.

domal, economy.

domaa, domain, crownland.

domiJumSn. to build houses.

domik, domestic, economical.

dominikam, dominican.

Dominikus, Dominic.

domit, training, dressing.

domitUn, to train, teach, dress
(animals).

Domizian, Domitian.

domo, at home.

domon, to stay, live, lodge.

domot, small house, press, case,
sheath, covering (and all
other objects that contain
someting else).

domii, home, to the house.

don, downward.

don . . . ., .... down.

don, dung.

Donazian, Donatian,

Aonigol, descent.

Aonleton, to let down.

Dorotea, Dorothy.

dot, doubt.

dot (kodfit !)

dotik, doubtful.

c^orilon, to shrug to shoulders,

dot'on, to doubt.

dragel, dragoon.

Drakon, Draco

drogel, druggist.

drol, merriness, amusement.

drolik, delightful, funny, fool-
ish, silly, droll, comical,
odd, facetious.

du, while, then, by.

du . . . . through-

dii, whereas, while.

du . . , . hard-
dual (palanum), dual.

dub, by means of, through, by.-

dub atos, thereby, therewith.

dud, cornet (a paper bag).

durfufcon, to carry through.

diif, hardness.

dtifik, hard.

dii/oT^i, to harden.

diifsbston, granite.

diifasZonik, of granite.

duferip, see diferip.

dufomon, to form thoroughly,

tZa/ug, obstinacy. .

dufugik., obstinate, stubborn.

dug(-ani), lead, conduction.

dng'oZam, transit.

dug'in, to lead, conduct.

du^'onSn, to go through, to
walk through.

duin (-am), the doing, effecting,

duin^, power to effect, fulfil.

duinoTo., to effect, fulfil, perform,

dajet, douche, shower-bath.

dnjetoTi, to douse, to give a
shower-bath, — a douche.

duk(-am), lead, conduction.

diik, duke.

dafcal, archduke.

GUAJDIAR OF VOLAPUK.

81

diikalik, archducal.

dukaton, leading tune, principle
tune.

dukel, leader, conductos, com-
mander, chief.

diikik, ducal.

dukod, escort, convoy, guard
guidance, attendance.

dokodUn, to accompany, escort,
convoy.

duk^ji, to lead, bring.

duioiam, section profile.

dul, lasting, continuing.

dul, idyl.

dula.1, firnmese of character.

didik, continual, durable last-
ing.

duMadon, to read through.

dulin, steel.

diilimk, of steel.

dUlinon, to steel.

dulina(?«/ik, as hard as steel.

diilinaxa, steeling.

ixslogm, to see through, to look
through.

dulon, to last, continue.

dum, dullness, bluntness.

dumih, dull, blunt, faint.

dun, deed, action, (the) doing.

diin, servise.

dunaf .... (duna/bm .')

dunafom, active form.

(Kraal, minister.

diinBiik, ministerial.

dUnaisd,, ministry.

(Zureal, laboriousness, activity.

dunaia. action, (the) doing.

dunani, service, attendance.

rfunan, agent.

dunsuasA, agency.

diinan, servant, attendant.

Aiinavilik., -willing to serve.

duna,vdd (velib), verb.

diinet, servants, attendants.

duneiel, servant.

dunel, doer, actor, performer.

diinel, servant, waiter.

dunelet, servitude.

dunelik, servile.

diinel6n, to be servant, waiter,

to act servilely.
dumk, laborious, active, busy.
diinik, in domestic service.
dunlik, feasible, possible, prac-
ticable.
<f«nlikilno, as much as possible,

practicable.
dunloi, feasibility, possibility,

practicableness.
dunof. activity.
dun'dn, to do, act.
diinoji, to serve.
diip, hour,
diipik, every hour,
diipbn, to state the hour.
duTpfoldilik, quarter (of an hour),
dusik, gentlj', quietly.
diiso] gently a bit!
dustod, industry.
dustodixa, desire for industry.
dustodik industrious,
dut, diligence, zeal, ardour,
diit, duty, obligation,
dutik, diligent, zealous,
dutbn, to endeavour, strive,
diiton, (lelonon), to beseem,

suit, to be decent, to be

proper,
diiv, estimation, tax, aim.
djivon, to estimate, tax, aim

guess, rate, compute.

82

GllAMMAR or VOLAPUlv.

E.

e(before vowels ed), and.

e . . . (prefix perfect, active).

eat, that one there.

eb(o), just that one.

ed, see e.

ede^onol, ran off. launched,

ended,
edeilol, died, dead.
edeilon, to bedead, late.
edelo, the day before yesterday,
ef, however.

efe, and well, for instance.
Bfa, Eve.

eiegolol, past, over.
Efesus, Epheze
egeblibel (egeblib'ol), what stayed

beliind.
egef (semop). See egefo.
egefl (semopi), to some place,

somewhere,
egefo (semopo) (before vowels,
egef (semop)), somewhere.
egelo(ai), always, ever.
eglofik (eglofol), gi-own up.
eit, just that one.
ejen&i, happened,
ek', somebody,
eko, look! look there! look

yonder !
ek6, look here! look ye!
eku, look out th&e!
el, the.

ela, of the (2nd case),
ele, to the (3nd case).
Elektra, Blectra.
elemanikos, etcetera, etc.

eli, the (4th case).

EUsabet, Elisabeth.

elof (of-el, ji-el), the (ferminine),

eld/oh, Ihave loved, liked.

elom(-s), the (masculine).

elos, the (neuter).

els(elso), formerly, before, in

past times.
Blsasan, Elsace.
elsik, former, previous,
em, together, combined.
Emerenzius, Bmerentia.
emoiol, lying- in woman, woman

in childbed
en, thereof, thereto, therefore

therewith, therein, thereby;

hereof, hereto hereby &c.
eneito, the night before last.
eplak&i, versed, experienced.
es(o), for the use of, benefit-
estudik (estudoV), studied,
estunik (estunol), estonished.
et, that one.

eteflanik, opposite, other side,
ete^ano, opposite side.
ete^anSp, here after, the future

life, the life after this,
etof (ji-et), that one (feminme).
etos (os-et), that (neutral).
Bufemia, Buphemia.
Eufrat, Euphrates.
Burualus, Euryales.
evelo, ever,
eventuo, eventually.
ex(o), out, away, lost, gone,

broken, in pieces.

P.

fa, by (made by),
fab, fable, story, tale.

fabon, to feign, make a story,
/aSal, feigning, forgery.

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPUK.

83

/a6ik, story like, fable like
fabulous.

fabliid, fabric, works.

fdbluda\i, fabrication.

fabliidaZaiel, proprietor of a
fabric.

fabludam, fabrication, prepara-
tion, making.

fabludel, manufacturer.

fabludon, to fabricate.

fad, thread, wire.

faf . . . . (sufafom!)
fag(-am), far off, remoteness.

fag, faculty, ability. Capacity.
faga^teV, telescope.

fag'&l, (a)looking in the future.
fagaX, faculty of the mind.
fagaZo^a>m, perspective.
.ySf^ram, capacitation.

'"ajrik, distant, far off, remote.
fdg\k, able, capable.
fagoa, to remove, put away.
fagon, to enable, qualify, ca-
pacitate
fal, case, adventure, chance.
fdlam, felling, cutting down.

aZim, failure.
/aKp, epilepsy,
falo, in case, for chance.
falo . . . ud fa'.o ; either . . . or . . .

whether ... or , . .
Jalo, further, next, then,
falo ! then ! further !
JaVan, to fall.
falSn, to fell, cut down,
fam, fame, reputation,
fatmk., famed, praise-worthy.
fama/MZik, glorious, renowned,

famous.
/aroSn, to- praise, vaunt,
lamiil, family.
famiilils., familiar,
fan, capture, catch.

fanon, to cath.

fan, fantasy

/ajrael, fantastic person.

farak, captive, as a prisoner.

/anon, to fantasy.

/aniib, prison, dungeon.durance,
jail.

faon, falcon.

faon, hawk.

far, beakon, lighthouse.

fased, joke, funny trick.

fasedal, joker, funny person.

fasedel, droll, buffoon.
/asedik., facetious, merry, witty,

funny.
fasedoi, facetiousness.

fasedon, to be merry, witty.

fat, father, papa.
fata,n, native country, father-
land.

fat, fate, destiny.

fataxa, procreation, production .

yaiamel, procreator, producer.

/atanik, patriotic, native.

fatasfcerf, pedigree, genealogical
register.

fatil, grandfather.

y"arik, fatherly, paternal.

/dtik, fatal.

/aril, wee father, papa.

faton, to become father, to

procreate,
fe, it is true, however,
feb, profession, fnnotion, call-
ing,
yfeftik, professional,
febul, February.
fecen(am), exchange.
fecemk, exchangeable.
fecenoi, exohangeableness.
fecenm, to exchange,
fed, treaty, alliance, league
covenant.

84

GRA-MMAB. OF VOLAPuK.

fedian, signing of a treaty.
/erfel, covenanter.
fedon, to covenant, ally,
fedot.... (dot!)

fef, earnest.

/e/ik, earnest, grave, serious.
fefon, to be earnest, serious,-

feg, 'art of fencing.
fegeb, 'Use, consumption.
fegebon, to consume, use.
fegel, fencer.

iegtv (-am), remission.
fegivSn, to forgive.
fegoVon, to pass by.
iegolug, the past.
feg'oZnp, (Grammar), Past tense.
fegon, to fence.
/«^dnam, circulation,
feif, (music) pipe, flute,
feifaja, fluting sound.
feifon, to pipe, play the bag-
pipe,
fein, fineness,
/emam, refinement.
feinsX, tender-heartedness.
- feimk., fine.
feinUn, 'to refine,
feit, fight.

feink, contrary; repugnant.
feitoti, to fight, contest, oppose.
fe;'ofcon, to reject, abandon,
fek, passion, feeling,
/efcam, sensation,
/efcamik, sentimental,
fel, field.
/eZad, furrow.

/e/adon, to furrow, enridge.
/eialaned, arable land.
felamq;'aZ, fieldmarshal.
fela^cnaZ, oommanderin chief,
{eleig(-a,m), comparison.
feleigik, comjiarable.
feleigbn, to compare.

'felel, farmer, peasant, country-
man, husbandman.

felAik, clownish, rustical
agrestic.

feto^'on, to see wrong, to look
wrong, mistake.

/eZon, to farm, plough.

fem, fermentation, commotion
tumult, agitation.

femin, yeast..

/em'on, to ferment; rise.

fen(-am), fatique, weariness.

/eneszam, denial.

feneszel, denier.

fenesion, to deny.

fenig, penny, coin, medal.

/enik, tired, weary, fatigued.

/enSn, to tire.

fenonSn, to deny ones self.

feniil, fennel.

iesed, expedition, exportation.

fesezVon, to mislay.

fesme&on, to taste, try.

iestim, adoration.

fesionam, petrifaction, petrifi-
cation.

festonon, to petrify.

festiin, festoon, wreath.

/estenSn, to wreath, crown with
flowers.

fet, fertility.

fetore(-am), conjunction, con-
juncture, binding.

fetonod, bandage, band, tie,
string.

fetanog, union, binding.

fetonSn, to unite, bind.

fetik, fertile.

fewoJon, to remove, transport;
use, consume.

fezogQn, to delay, relent.

fi! fie! for shame!

fiam, firm.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

85

fib, -vreakness, infirmity.
Jib&\), feeble or frail person.
JibaS, amphiby.
fihaii, -weak-headiness
_;?6ik, weak, infirm.
j^66n, to weaken.
^6ug, weakness, debilitation,
fid, food.

fidacem, dining-room.
fida/)/a/i, cabbage.
Jidik, eatable.
Jidon, to eat.
fied, faith, trust, fidelity.
Jiedhl, candour, cordiality, true-

heartedness, loyalty.
£ediTs., faithful, true, loyal,

trusty.
fiedon, to be faithful, true,

loyal,
fien, rent, interest, revenue.
Jien&l, usury,
^snel, rent-payer.
.^fienik, tributary.
Jiendn, to pay rents, interest. :
fif, fever, ague.
Jifik, feverish, aguish.
_yi/bn, to have the fever.

fig. fig-

Agsibim, flgtree.

figaSW, figleaf.

fik (kofik!)

fikar, vicar.

Fikop, Africa.
Jikopel, African,
_^fcopik, African (adj.)
fikopon, to make an Afrikan
subject.

fikul, diificulty.
Jikulaxa, aggravation
_^fcuZik, diflBcult.

fikulo, hardly, with difficulty.
JikuKn, to make more difficult
to aggravate.

fil, fire.

^iab, match.

filtihel, volcano, burning moun-
tain.

JUa-belon, to voloanize.

SlaAelik, volcanic.

filaJoatZ, firewood.

filad, net.

Filadelfia, Philadelphia

Jilal, fiery spirit

Fila,n, Terra del Fuego

&\a,skut, fire-engine.

filaiop, hearth, fire place

fllaum, brandy, spirits.

Jilei, fire,

_/ifeden, distillery,

fileiapiin, focus.

Jiledin, fuel.

_^tedon, to burn, scorch.

filial, branch, branch office.

^iZik, firy, fervent, redbot.

Filip, Philip,

Jilistel, swell,

Jilol (animating exclamation).

filod, fear, respect, awe.

filodoia., to stand in awe of,
to respect, fear.

JiKin, to stir, Hndle, make fire.

filop, fireplace, hearth.

filosop (sapav), philosophy.

filosopou {sapavon), to philo-
sophize.

filosopA [sapavA), philosopher.

filosop^ (sapavVs), philosophic.

flm, firmness, solidity.

fimam, affirmation, corrobora-
tion.

fimal, firmness, resoluteness,
determiuateness.

fimei, confirmation.

Jimik, firm, solid.

fimoA., fortress.

firrion, to confirm, affirm, fortify.

86

GRAMMAR OF VOLASuK.

fin, end.
firiam, ending.

finan, finances, public revenues,
flnanav, administration of finan-
ces, — of public revenues.
Finan, Finland.
Finmel, Pinlander.
_^nanavel, financier.
_^nap, toe.
fined, finger.
jfinedil, little finger.
fineda'^fflV, thimble.
_^nedam, handling, touching,

contact,
fitiedon, to touch, feel, handle.
ji?mk, final.
fino, finally, at last.
Jinod, conclusion, ending.
finon, to end, finish, conclude,
fir, fir, firtree.
Jirik, of firwood, firwooden.
&stel, fixed star,
fit, fish.

fita.{, fish-world, fisk-kingdom.
Jitel, fisherman.
Jiten, fishery.
Jitog, fishbone,
fiton, to fish,
fi'v, pool, fen, marsh.
fivik, quaggy,
fizir, oflScer.
flab, patch, tatter,
flad, bottle.

flag(am;, claim, demand,
flag, fiax.
flagik, flaxen.

flagase^, hypothesis, supposition.
flagon, to claim, want, demand,

summon.
fldkik, declinable,
flakon, (Grammar :) to decline,
flam, flame,
flamal, eager mind.

Jlamsid, torch, link, taper.
flamon, to flame, blaze,
flan, flank, side,
flanik, sideways,
flan, freedom,
flanam, prepayment.
Flanan, Flanders,
flanik, free, post-paid.
iajiived, sideways.
flano, aside.
flanon, to put aside.
flanu, from the side of.
flap, blow, knock, slap.
flapel, fighter,
fiap, apoplexy, fit, palsy.
Jlapen, fight,
^apik, ready for battle.
flap'dn, to strike, beat, slap^,
fied, load.

Jied&vaTi, goods-cart.
fledUn, to load, freight,
fleg, articulation.
flegik, articulate,
flegon, to articulate.
flek(-am), turning.
flekon, to turn, twist,
flem, picture-frame,
flen, friend,
^enal, amicability.
flenik, friendly, amicable, kind'^
FlenanJsuZs, Friendly Islands.
flenot, friendliness, kindness.
flenon, to make friends.
Flent, France.
Fleniei., Frenchman.
flentik, French.
flenton, to imitate the French-.

men, to frenchify.
flenng, friendship, amity.
fleniignfed, alliance of friend.^-

ship,
flib, flea.
&idel, Friday,

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPiiK.

87

flWeZik, on Fridays, every Fri-
day.

flif, freshness.

Jli/i^i, fcesli.

Jli/al, freshness of the mind.

JHfaxa, refreshment.

flofo ! (animating exclamation).

flifan, to refresh.

fligat, frigate.

flin, finch.

flit, flight.

flit&A, wing.

Aitui, fly.

flitamu^, bat, flittermouse, flin-
dermouse.

flito, in the flight, in the air.

flito ! in a hurry !

fliton, to fly.

flod, fi-ost.

flodal, cold as ice.

flodon, to freeze.

flok, tress, braid.

fioJcel, braider.

flokdn, to braid, twist.

flol, flower.

flolik, flowery.

flolU., floweret.

flolaSM, leaf of a flower.

flol&tim, Spring.

flolaimik, vernal, of Spring.

floled, blossom, flower.

fiolim, to blossom, flourish.

flom, forehead.

flon, florin.

flotap. . . (flotapiin !)

flotap»n, freezing-point, point
of congeliation.

floton, to congeal, freeze.

flub, meadow.

fliiin (Fl), fluor.

fluk, fruit.

ffuk&A, product,

flukaftm, a;utumn.

flukaftmZatik, after-autumn.

fluken, fruitshop.

flukik, fruitful, fertile, feracious,

fecund.
flukon, to fructify, fecundify

make fruitful, improliflcate.
/?«fcop, barn,
flul, plank.
flulon, to cover with planks,

to contabulate.
flum, river.

flumsuhed, bedding of a river,
flumal, fluency.
flumaVik, fluent, flowing,
flum&pop, blotting-paper.
flumik, river —
flumm, float, raft
_^Mmine], floater.
flumlik, fluid, liquid.
flumof' fluidity.
flumon, to flow, stream.
flun, influence.
flunoB, to have influence,
flut, flute.
Jlutel, fluteplayer.
flutdn, to playon the flute, to

whistle,
fo, afore, beforehand, before,
fo. . . ., for. . , . pre. . . .
fo, foremost, before, at the

beginning,
fo. . . . for. . . .
foap, liver.

fod(-am), promotion, advance.
fodA, promoter.
fodon, to promote, advange.
foet, game, deer.
foetel, hunter, gamepoacher.
/oet&b, a tree plant or ft'uit

growing at random,
foezam, neglect.
foetik, wild.
foef6i, wildneas.

88

GEAMMAB OF VOLAPuK.

/oeion, to grow wild.

/oetal, game caught.

fog, fog, mtst.

fog, hammer.

foget, forget.

fogeok, forgetful.

fogetot, forgetfulness.

fogeton, to forget.

/05'imik, foreign, strange.

fogin, foreign country.

fogir&b, stranger, alien.

foginauM, strange word, exotic
word.

foginel, foreigner.

fogimk, strange.

foginon, to make strange, to
alienate.

fogino^, hospitium.

f6^m(-am), forgiveness.

fogivik, pardonable.

fogivon, to forgive, pardon.

fogon, to hammer, malleate.

foi, ahead, to the front.

foik, foremost.

foin . . . . (bi . . . . !)

fok, fork, prong.

tokagoled, warm breakfast.

foHk, forked, furcate.

fokon, to work witha fork or
prong.

iokodutUn, to let, hire out.

fol, four,

f61(-am), observation, contem-
plation.

iolsbgul, quadrate, square,

folum, quadruplication.

folas^an, set of fourhorses.

ioldil, fourth part.

ioldilik, quadrifld, divided in
four parts.

folel, a four, number of four.

foliA, fourth.

folidLUvog, base.

foMsivogel, base singer.

foliisivogoa, to sing the base
party.

/oZidna, the fourth time.

foliino, for the fourth time,

folido, in the fourth place.

folik, fourfold, quadruple.

foliko in a fourfold way.

folil, a small four.

folion, quadrillion.

folm«7, four thousand.

iolmilid, four thousandth.

folmiliAo, in the four thou-
sandth place.

folmeVna, four thousandth times,

folmiVik, four thousand fold.

/bZna, fovu- times.

folnaXik, four times over.

folmk, of four sorts.

folno (/bZnaliko), for the fourth
time.

^oZon, to quadruplicate, to mul-
tiply by four.

folon, to follow, fulfil, prac-
tise, take care.

fols, forty.

/ofean, one forty years old.

folsena,, forty times.

/oZsenalik, forty times over.

folsenik, of forty kinds.

folsiA, fortieth

folsiino, for the fortieth
time.

folsiAo, in the fortieth place.

folsit, fortyfold.

folstum, (forty times hundred)
four thousand.

folium, four hundred

iditumiA, four hundredth.

foltamido, in the four hun-
dredth place.

Mtunak, four hundred fold.

foltomena, four hundred times.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK,

foliumenalik, four hundred
times over.

toltum mil, four times hun-
dred thousand
folvS, quaver (music, f).

folura, quartett.

fom, form.

fom, shape, figure, out.

fomad, cheese.

fomadel, cheese-maker.

/omaliegik, rich in forms,

fomaxa, formation.

ioia.a,tid, science of geometrical
forms.

jomel, moulder, framer, deli-
neator, draughtsman, sculp-
tor, statuary.

/omen, sculpture.

ybmik, formal.

/omlik, ceremonious.

fomloi, formality, ceremonious-
ness.

/omod, model, pattern.

fomon Qnagon), to dravr, form,
frame, shape.

fomm, to create, to give a
form to.

/omul, formula, form , formulary.

fon, spring, fountain, well. ,

fdn; stove, oven,

fbna^aJZ, fire-screen.

/ona,A, spring, well.

/dnam, firing.

fonel, fireman.

/omk, hot.

Ponizan, Phenicia.

fonogaf, phonography.

fonogafel, phonograph.

/bnSn, to throwup, to bubbleup,
to spoutup.

fonbn, to heat, warm.

fop, fool, fop.

/opal, a crackbrained person.

/open, foolishness foppishness,

fop&, foolish, mad.

fopon, to banter; to make afool

of on&self
Foralbergan, Vorarlmount.
fbse/(-am), guaranty, assurance,
fose/el, guarantee, assurer.
fose/5n, to guarantee, assure,
fosin, phosphor,
fosieraarfam, enforcement,
fot, wood, forest,
fotam, plantation with wood

or trees.
iot&lut, smell of wood.
Fot&zifalak, Loch of the four

Poresttowns
Fotazi/s, Foresttowns.
/otem, forestland, wood, frith,
/orik, woody, frithy,
/oril, grove,
fotogaf, photography.
fotogafud., photo.
foiogafen, photographing.
fotogaf A, photographer.
jotogafik., photographic.
/o<6n, to make woody, to cover

with trees ; to afforest,
fov, despatatoh,
foviX, hurry.

/owik, quick, hasty, agile,
/buiko, at once, directly, this

moment,
/owiko ! quick ! speedy !
fovipedam, mechanic press.
fovon, to continue,
fovug, nimbleness, swiftness,

quickness, rapidity.
fovo, henceforth.
fm'o\ quick! swift!
foxaf, fox.
foxa/al, fox-nature.
/oa;a^ik, foxlike,
fdyo ! ahead ! go on !

90

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPliK.

fcan, franc.
Franan, Franoonia.
Frananels, Frank-people.
Franziaka, Frances.
Freiburg, Friberg (in Baden).
Fribur, Friberg (in Switserland).
Friderik, Frederick.
Frisan, Friseland.
frisan&l, Friselarider.
frod, rime, hoarfrost.
frodon, to rime, freeze witli

hoarfrost,
frog, fr-og.
Frtigan, Phrigia.
fud.. . . . (kofud!)
fud(o), once, sometime, soon

or late.
fiiden, future.
fiidenik, friture, next.
fiidSs., ftiture (soon and late),
fiidiip (Grrd,mmar) friture tense,
fuf, trick, prank,
/w/ik, knavish,
ftig, flight, escape,
fugik, ftigitive.
ftig, figure.
fiigik, figurative.
fugon, to flyaway, flee.
fiigon, to figure.

fuk (kofuk !)

fal, fulness.
Julik., full, filled,
ftil, miser, niggard.
fulsil, stinginess.

fiilik, stingy, covetous.

fulaionol, full-sounding.

fulik (.... fulikik), . . . . ful.

/«/on, to fill.

fum, ant, emmet.

fumon, to crawl with, swarm.

fum, certainty, positiveness,
precision, firmness.

/ismat, solidity.

fumik, certain, firm, sure.

fun, corpse, dead body.

fun, fund.

/finam, fundament, foundation,
edification.

fiinsA,, chapter-house.

/iinel, founder, edifier.

funik, cadaverous.

funaua&, hearse.

/unlik, mortal, deadly, fatifer-
ous.

fun'dn, to kill, mortify, enecate.

fiinUn, to fouud, institu.te, esta-
blish, edify, build,

fusud, natural philosophy, phy-
sics.

fiisiidik, physical.

fuf, foot, paw, leg.

fiit, foot (twelve inches).

/uta,klota,m., covering for the foot,

futel, walker; infantry.

/uielSn, to foot, go on foot, walk.

u/to, afoot.

/iiton, to rest, acquiesce.

G.

ga!, get away! go on!
gab, count, earl.
gaief, counfy, earldom.
gabik, belonging or relating to

a count or earl,
gad, garden.

gadel, gardener.

gad, plantation.

gaden, gardening.

gadsidomil, gardenhouse.

gadSti, to garden.

gag, obscenity, malice, igno-

GKAMMAK OF VoLAPiiK.

91

miny, vulgarity, shamefalness

debauchery.
gag'm, disorderly conduct, vul-
garity, fedity.
gagS^, obscene, dirty, mean,

shameful, vulgar.
gagon, to live irregularly, to

conduct one'sself vulgarly,

shamefully &c.
gal, watch, wake.
galel, watchman, watcher.
galik, watchful,
gal, joy, gladness.
gala_/bril, grove.
^aZal, cheerfulness, goodhu-

mour, frisk.
gdlsaa, rejoicing.
Galan fPlent), Gallia.
galamk, gallant,
galaxiit, milky-way.
galem, the guard, the watch.
5'aZemel, soldier ci the guard,
galif, gallery.

galik, glad, rejoiced, frisky,
galit, nightingale, philomel.
GaHzan (Austrian) Galilee.
Galizian (Spanish) Gallic e.
gdlo, (music:) B-sharp.
galoion, B-sharp.
galoA, plaisure.
gaiaf, watchfulness.
gdlokoji, to be glad.
galon, to watch,
^lon, to rejoice, delight,
galoianik, in B-sharp.
galvan, galvanism.
galvanik, galvanic,
gam, bridegroom,
gan, goose.

ganQn, to shatter, gabble,gaggle.
Ganiimed, Ganymede,
gap, gap, opening,
garanif, guaranty, fidejussion.

garanoTu, to assure, guarantee.

gased, gazette, newspaper.

gazedik, news-

gasedem, journalism.

gasin, gas.

gasinik, gaseous.

gasina/hfiZfiflf, gas-works.

gav, art . of engraving.

gavel, engraver.;

gavot, gavot.

ge, back.

geb(-am), use, application.

^e6ik, useful, suitable.

gehliboTi, to remain.

geblik (siidoiik), customary,
usual.

gebon, to use, apply.

ged, grayness.

gedi^, gray, hoary.

gef, vessel (glas, pot, jug etc.)
(o\ip, glass, pot, jug, barrel,
&c.).

ge^are, backside.

geid, guide.

geil, height.

geila,, high-

geilik, high.

geilal, highmindedness, mag-
nanimity.

geila,Tii, heightening.

gei&iino, at most.

geilon, to heighten.

geilug, highness.

gel, organ.

gelel, organbuilder.

gel&mek, organ manufactory.

gel&n, organist.

gelaton, organtune.

geleton, to leave behind.

gelmin, sprout, descendant.

gelminon, to sprout.

gelogon, to look back, -behind.

geliit, inheritance.

92

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

gelwtB\, heir.

geliitatZzY, hereditary, portion.

geliidk, hereditable.

geliiton, to inherit.

gem, brothers and sisters.

gemik, brotherly, sisterly.

gen, gender, genus.

gerak, sexual.

genal, general.

genalo, usually.

Genef, Geneva.

Genefatoi, Lake of Geneva.

genial, genius.

Genov, Genoa.

Genovel, Genoese.

Geogan, Georgia.

geomet (roa/'av), geometry.

geomete\(mafsi,vel) , geometrician.

geomeA'k (ma/avik) geometrical.

gepot .... (pot !)

gepilk (gesag), answer.

gepiiknonbl, negative answer,

answer in the negative.
gepUkon, to answer, respond,

reply,
german, German.
gerudif(Grammar),gerundivum.
gesa^r, answer, reply,
gesa^on, to answer, reply,

respond,
get, receipt.

getel. receiver, recipient
geiawon, to return,
gefefamik, reflective.
geib-a, to get, receive, obtain.
gev(-am), grant, gift.
geveg, road back.
gevbn, to grant.

gi , re ■

gian, giant.

gianaJeZem, Giant Mountains,
gianafcodab, colossus,
gianik, gigantic.

gib, leech.

gid, eq[uity, justice.

gidsil, sense for justice.

gidik, equitable, just, proper.

Gido (Vitus) Guy.

gif, moulded metal.

gifaZeHk, of cast iron.

gifel, founder.

gifen, foundery.

gifm, to found, oast, (metal).

gig, gout.

gigik, gouty.

.... gik, some.

gil, eagle.

gilor, condor.

gim, drill, bore.

gimel, borer.

gimefc5n, to arrange.

gimoji, to drill, bore.

gin, reel.

gin'dii, to reel, jumble.

git, justice.

gita,y, jurisprudence.

gitafezY, lawsuit, cause.

gital, justness.

gidk, just, exact, safe.

gitlik, just, righteous.

gito, aright

gitoklddik, orthodox ^

gitoma/ik, lawful, legal, just.

giton, to justify.

giv, gift, present, donation.

givel, giver, donor.

givQi, liberality.

gwdSk, liberal, bountiful, ge-
nerous.

givm, to give, grant.

givon vobi, to give work, employ.

glad, ice

gladik, as ice, glacious.

gladafteZ, ice berg, glacier.

gladamei, frozen sea. Northern
Ocean.

GEAMMAB or VOLAPUK.

93

gladon, to freeze, congeal, gla-
ciate.

glaf, sword, glave.

glam, dram (measure).

glamat, grammar.

glamaiik, grammatical.

glan, gland, tonsil.

^^anik, scroftilous, glandulous.

Glaego, Glasgow.

glat, gratuity, free-gift.

glat, glass.

glatei, glazier.

glatapan (-en), painting onglass.

glaiasmeten, glass-manufactory
glass-house.

gldten, glazier'-shop.

glatik(o), gratis, unrewarded.

glatik, glass, of glass.

gliit kamik, table glass.

gldMk, glassy, vitreous.

glato, unrewarded, gratis.

glav, gravel.

gle . . . , chief-, principal-,
head-; main-fore.

glebizM^, main profit.

gledilo, principally.

gledin, main thing.

gledinik, principal, chief

gledof, chief fault.

gleinen, grinding.

gleinbn, to grind, whet.

gleip, catch, grasp, clutch.

gleipon, to catch, grasp, clutch
gripe.

glek .... (glehik).

g\ekik, universal-key, star-
watchkey, masterkey.

gleifcop, fine glass, - tumbler.

glel .... (glelon !)

glelon, fundamental law.

glem, grain, com.

glen, com.

glemk, granular.

glenom, principal rule.

glenoTp, corn-floor, grange, gra-
nary, corn-loft.

glep .... (glepiin !)

gleplisip (glestdb), principal
axiom, maxim.

gle^sin, main point.

glesteniid, main power.

glesiit, main road, highway.

glet, greatness, size.

Gleia. .... Great- (for names
of towns &c.)

Gleiabritan (Nely), Great-Bri-
tain, (England).

gletal, greatness of mind.

gleta,Y, geometry.

grZe^avel, geometrician.

glet&Yih, geometrical.

gleAiel, head-teacher.

gletik, great, large, big.

gleto .... great- grand-.

gletob'idik, grand, proud, noble,
haughty.

gleton, to enlarge.

gleguixnTp, diamond jubilee.

glezif, capital, metropolis.

glib, debauchery.

glibei, rake. Swindler, fornicator,
caitiff.

glibi^s:, vulgar, foul.

glid, bow, reverence, salutation.

glida,m, welcome, salutation.

glidoTn, to greet, salute.

glif, grief, trouble, sorrow.

gliftk., grievous, sorrowful, trou-
blesome.

glif'an, to trouble, vex, take
care of, meddle with.

Glik, Greece.

glilcik, Grecian, Greek.

glihan, to grecize.

gliv, slate-pencil.

glob, roughness, rudenesar

94

GRAMMAU OF VOLAPUIv.

glob, bullet, ball, sbot.

global, rough nature.

globel, rough rude fellow.

globik, rough, rude, rugged.

glod, varnish.

glodsl, hypocritical nature.

glodon, to varnish.

glof, crop, harvest, growth.

glofaxd, growth.

glof 'on, to grow.

glof-ah, growth, increase

glok, clock, watch.

glok, clock, bell.

gl'6k&gi/&i.{glbk2^) , bell-founder.

glSkayj/en, bell-foundery.

glokum, the ringing of bells.

^rMel, watchmaker.

glokel, bell-ringer, chimer.

glSkera, ringing.

gloken, watchmaking.

glok'dn, to ring the bells, chime.

glol, glory, grandeur,

glolaia, glorification.

glolik, glorions, grand.

plolo ! glory !

glolon, to glorify.

glSp, round ball -bullet -globe.

glopaxa, rounding.

g'dpik, round, globulous, convex,

glopnik, globular, roundish.

glopon, to roll.

glud, glue, lime,

gludon, to glue, gum.

gliig, church.

0'liiga,n, Ecclesiastical States.

gi.iigik, ecclesiastical.

glug'6i, devotion, piety.

gliigom., ecclesiastical property,

sacred-vessels,
glum, dullness, muddiness.
gliim, darkness, melancholy.
glumiil, gloominess, dejection
glumalik, gloomy, dejected.

glumik, sorry, sad, pitiful.

gliimik, dard, dull, gloomy, sad,
melancholy, sullen

glumiin to grieve, afflict, deject.

glun, ground,
'glun, green colour.

glmedi, verdure, vegetables pot-
herbs.

gliimk, green.

^'Zijnlik, greenish.

glunon, to grow green, to die
green, to sproutout.

glup, group, crowd.

glup'o'a, to arrange in groups.

glut, glowing.

glutsA, ardonr of the mind.

gluton, to glow, be redhot, to
heat, make redhot.

gliizin, glycerin.

gnob, button, knob, knot.

g8, very; first.

g6b, tail

God, God.

godaftodf, eucharist, the sacra-
ment of the Lord's supper.

godaSodfat, monstrance, aframe-
work in the Roman Catho-
lic church.

godaJo&zal, Gorpus-Christi, a
festival of the church of
Rome.

goAefel, grave-yard.

godaZejjZ, extreme unction.

godav, theology.

go&iwat, baptism.

godaaaiab, child or person to
be baptized.

godawatel, baptizer.

godauaion, to baptize.

Gode dani! Thanks God!

gbdel, morning-time, betimes.

g'ddelik, early, soon, betimes.

godelo, early in the morning.

GBA-MMAE OF VOLAPUK.

95

Oode loM! Grod be praised.
^odik, divine.
f/odikxig, divinity.
god6\ for Gods Sake!
godoTi, to deify.
Cfodug, deity, Godhead.
God wiYomos! Godwilling!
gof, gulf, bay.
gok, cock.

gol, gait, step, course, pace,
gol, earliness.
golad, be-goat.
■goladal, rudeness.
^olad&i, goatish.
golei, breakfast.
^oZedon, to take breakfast.
^oZenik, transitory.
^olik, current, paceable.
gSlik, early, betimes, soon.
golin, gold (Ati, chemical).
yolinel, gilder.
^olQn, to go.
^olog, oaktree, oak.
gAogafiuk, acorn,
golud, gold.
goliidik, gold(en), of gold.

goludaj (Goluda/o/.')

GrolMajol, Gold-coast.
^oliidel, gold-smith.
goliidea, alchymy.
goliidon, to gild.
goliifcoYam, gilded edge.
goluTp, past, days gone-by.
gon , walk , run , cource ,

race,
^onel, runner.
gonon, to run, go.
gon, favour,
^onel, fautor, favourer,
^omik, favourable,
^ronon, to grant; to favour,
gospel, gospel.
gospelA, evangelist, gospeller.

gospeVik, evangelical (scriptu-
ral).

gospelmk, evangelical (protes-
tant).

got, Goth.

^orik, Gothic.

got, bo'wel(s), gut.

gov(-am), management.

govA, manager, governer.

gouem(o), very particularly.

^ouon, to govern, manage.

Graubiindan, Grisons.

grik, cricket.

grikim, to chirrup, squeak
chirp.

Grdnan, Greenland.

gub, oar, rudder, scull.

gubel, oarsman, rower.

gubon, to oar, row.

guld, goodness.

gud&, good.

gudsmi, compensation, redress.

gudii-O, well.

giidikos, (something) good.

gudiknia, better.

gudikxim.iixa (gudxmiam), amend-
ment.

jru(if(ik)umel, improver.

(jfu«Z(ik)um5n, to better, im-
prove.

guc&twa, best.

^u&kiino, in the best way.

gudikwidn, to make as good
as possible.

gudiik, goodnatured.

gudo, with good will, willingby.

gud6\ good! alright!

gudon, to make good, com,
pensate, redress.

gudqpenon, to credit, give
credit-page.

gued, goods, property, for-
tune.

96

GRAMMAK OF TOLAPUK.

guodon, to get wealthy, in easy-
circumstances,
gug, throat,
gngap, larynx.
gugon, to gargle,
gnk, palate, canopy,
guk, angle, corner.
gulik, angular,
gum, gum.

glim, caoutchouc, india-rubher.
giimnad, gymnasium,
gun, coat.
^«nil, jacket.
giin, -gun.
g\ma,kikad, firelock.

gmsijut, gunshot.

giip. gypsum, parget.

gtipel, plasterer.

giipSn, to plaster.

gur, ravine, defile.

gwik, ravine-like.

Gustaf, Gustavus.

Gustnl, August (the month),

gut, the tasting.

^M^on, to taste, try.

gilt, love for arts, good taste,

love for science,
giiv, compensation.
giivon, to compensate.

'Ag, the Hague,
'ag, lamenting, groaning,
'a^on, lo lament,
'ak, hatohel.

'dkon, to hatchel, rebuke,
'amoniim, harmonium,
"an, Hanse.
'anazj/', Hanse-town.
anik, Hanseaotic.
'Anofan, Hanover,
ap, harp.

'npel, harper, harpplayer.
apon, to play the harp, harp,
'at, hat,

a,iajfabliid, hat manufactory,
'atel, hat maker, hatter.
Avan, Havannah.
avanik, Havannah-
e6el, Hebrew.
ebik, hebrew-
'Einrik, Henry.
'ekogaf(el), hectograph,
el, hair.

eZad, wig, periwig.
'e&t, headdress.

ele\, hairdresser.

etelon, to dress the hair.

Bled, Helena, Helen.

Elenil, Nelly.

eZik, hairy.

elbn, to cover with hair.

Esan, Hessen.

sanel, Hessian.

esanik, Hessian-

et, hate, hatred.

eiik, hateful, odious

eAik, hated, not liked.

eiHt, hatefulness, odiousnesa.

e<6n, to hate.

leroniimus, Hierom, Jerome,

Ipolut, Hippolyte.

it, heat.

itik, hot.

itdl, passionateness.

ita,ra, inflammation.

itaim, summer.

itsbtimaisten, freckle.

itaftmik, summerlike.

it'dn, to heat inflame.

o ! hip !

GBAiniAR OF VOLAPUK.

97

'oenzolan, HohenzoUern.

'og, hole.

'ogon, to pierce, perforate, thirl,

make full of holes,
'ol, an hour's walk.
'81, hell.
'oltu/ul, perjury.
~oZik, asfaras anhour's walk.
'^olik, hellish.
^ol'on, togo a distance of an

hour,
"^omopat, homeopathy.
'omdpatik, homepathical.
"^on, horn (of beasts).

'on, horn (instrument of

music),
'op, hop, whoop,
i^orit, horizon,
torj'rik, horizontal,
^iiazint, hyacinth,
'uit, oyster.

'^uita.balib, oyster heard,
'uk, hook, hinge, handle,
'ukik, hinged, with a handle,
'ilm, hymn.
'umanist, humanist,
'usel, hussar,
'atik, hysteric.

H.

hem, chemistry.

Aemav, knowledge of chemistry.

Aemel, chemist

heimk, chemical.

^emon^ to practise chemistry,
heresaum, Xereswine.
hinin, quinine.
Hios, Chios.

i (before vowels id), also.

ibo, because, since, yet.

ibo? then? why?

id, See i.

idelo, threedays ago, the second

day before yesterday,
ies, here, there.
iel, he himself,
if, if, when.
ifi, althovigh.
iko-li, how that?
il, a little, a bit.
ilofoh, I had loved,-liked.
iio/ob-li? had I loved, had I

liked,
in, in.
ineito, two nights before the

last, the second night before

last.

zni, into, inward.

ino, in, inside, within.

inS ! (go) in ! (walk) in ! (go) ben !

Inozenz, Innocent.

iniX, in it.

is, there, here.

isn, from there, therefrom.

isi, thither, hither, that way.

zsida, herethrough, through by
this.

isik, from there, from here.

jsit, here, there.

iso, here, there.

it, self, just.

ita, . . . {id . . , ito . . .), self . . .

«Yal, consciousness.

itasuk, self-interestedness selfish-
ness, self-love, egotism.

itSisiikA, egotist.

7

98

GRAMMAK OF VOLAPUK.

2«asKHk, egotistical selfisli.
itik, substantial, independent.
ito, liy itself.

itoi, substantiality, indepen-
dence.

J.

jad, shadow, shade.

jad&, sbady.

jadet, sunshade.

JadoTi, to shade.

jaf(-am), creation.

jaf, business, profession, trade.

fafik, of a business, of a trade

professional,
/a/ad, creature.
_7'a/adik, of creature.
jafsX, creative mind,
/a/an, producer.
jdf&m, man of business,
/a/el. Creator (of the universe).
jafik, creating,
/a/on, to create, to bring forth,

bring out.
jafon, to keep busy with,
jain, rope, cord.
jainel, ropemaker.
jainen, rope-works.
Jamil, halter, rope,
jak, shark,
jal, peel, shell, bark, rind, husk,

cod, cover, skin,
/aZaf, world of testacious ani

jalep, exertion.
jalepik, exertive.
Jalepon (topon), to exert,
jalik, covered witha bark-shell-
peel etc.
Jalo-n, to peel, pare, shell, etc.
.faman. Champaign,
jamanaui'n, champagne-wine,
jamep, hero.
jamepal, heroism.

jamepik, heroic.

jan, hemp.

janik, hemp-,- of hemp.

jan, fetter, shackle, chain.

/anon, to fetter, put on chains,

shackle,
jap, sharpness, keenness
jap, roguery, villany.
japal(-bf), acuteness, ingenuity

subtlety.
Japdlik, acute, ingenious subtle,

sharpwitted.
'Japel, rascal, rogue, villain,
/opik, sharp, keen, acute.
jdpik, villanous, roguish.
japon, to sharpen, whet,
jed, throw, cast,
jedba, to throw, cast, iiing
jek, fright.
jekaja, terror,
jekamei^, bug-bear.
jekik, easily frighted, shy,

frightful.
Jekoi, frightfulness.
j'ekov., to frighten, terrify startle.
jel, sheller, protection, defence.
jelaib, protegee, client.
jelafe'i;al, tutelar, mind, tutelar

ghost.
jelel, protector, defender.
j'elon, to protect, defend; shelter

screen,
jem, shame, modesty,
jemad, scheme, example.
jemadik, schematic.
jemik, ashamed, shamefaced

bashful.

GRAMMAK, OF VOLAPuK.

99

JemoA, shame, disgrace, infamy,
scandel.

_;Vmodel, violator.

/emodik, shameful, ignominious.

Jemodof, shamefulness, igno-
miny.

/emodon, to violate, slander
defame, hrand, shame.

Jemoi, modesty, timidity, hash-
fulness.
;'emon, to he ashamed.

jen, fact, history.

jena6i(Z (Grammar). Indicative
mood.

jena&ufc, annals, history, re-
cord.

Jenel, doer, perpetrator.

jenik, in fact, actual, real.

Jen5f, reality, activity.

'jenon, to happen, come to pass,
befall, occur.

jenosod, be it firm ! be it esta-
blished! amen!

jep, flock, herd.

Jepam, guard, care, protection.

/epel, shepherd, herdsman.

Jcpik, in flocks, in troops.

fep'dn, to guard, watch, heed,
tend, defend.

jet (dujet !)

jeval, horse, steed.

Jevalal, captain of horse.

jevalem, groom.

Jevalel, cavalier, horseman.

jevalil, little horse, pony.

JevaloA, horse-road, tramway,
horse-way.

ji . . . (particle for feminine
words).

ji-a<(atof), this.

fi-'Ati&toi, oi-at), just this.

ji-bal, a, one (feminine).

ji-haonel, baroness.

ji-hlod, sister.

ji-blodik, sisterly.

ji-iZonik, fair woman or girl.

ji-l)oMod, sister-in law.

ji-botel, wife of an attendant

in a coffe-house.
ji-cif, wife of a manager or chief.
]i-daniidel, a dancer's wife,
ji-dog, bitch,
ji-diinun, a servants' wife.
^i-diinel, a maid-servant.
ji-eZ, the (definite article),
ji-ei {etofj, that, you.
jif, sheaf
ji-/af, mother,
ji-fa^el, grand-mother.
ji-/a,dk, motherly.
]i-fikope\, African woman.
ji-flen (of-flen), lady-friend.
^i-gade\, gardner's wife.
^i-gam, bride; (of-gam), (bride

of Heaven, nun),
ji-jrofc, hen.
ji-golad, she-goat,
ji-jip, sheep.
^i-julel, scholar.
^i-fvehel, Swiss.
^i-kat, she-cat.
ji-fceZ, who, that.
ji-AeZa, whose, of whom,
ji-fceZe, to whom,
]i-keli, whom (4th case).
ji-fcmik, what like one? what

kind of?
ji-fciom (kiof), who? which?
ji-kosen, niece, cousin.
ji-kukel, cook's wife,
jil, female (of animals).
ji-Za6el {oi-label), proprietress.
ji-ladal, darling, love, beloved.
ji-lafa6Zo£?, see ^i-lublod.
ji-lafason, see ji-lusore.
^i-lediik, grand-duchess.

100

GRAMMA.B OF VOLAPuK.

]i-lein, lioness.

ji-lep, female ape or monkey.

ji-leson, princess (wife of a
prince).

ji-iimep, empress.

ji-Zo/al, see ji-ladal.

^i-lotel, wife of an innkeeper
or hotelkeeper.

]i-hiblod {ji-lniMod), stepsister.

ji-lapukel, gossip,

ji-lu.sore (ji-lafaso»), stepdaugh-
ter.

ji-luson, datighter-in-law.

ji-man, woman, female.

ji-manik, feminine, female.

ji-manbf, womanliness effemi-
nateness.

ji-rhasel, mistress.

ji-matfil, sponse, consort, wife.

ii-matiir, (married) martjrress.

ji-matel, miller's wife.

jin, shine, appearence.

Jina.voba,A, mock-fight.

ji-rae/, niece, cousin.

jinik, apparent likely.

jinoi, apparence.

ji-nofc, aunt.

jinon, to shine,

ji-«unel, messenger's wife.

ji-o&ik, my, mine (feminine).

ji-oniika, of her.

ji-onsik (ji-onsa), your.

ji-o«, the same.

ji-of, just the same.

jip, ram.

yipik, uncivil, rude.

ji-pejin, she-pigeon.

jipA, sheperd.

j'ipen, sheepfold, cote.

Jipil, lambkin.

^i-pul, little bride (of-pul, little
girl).

ji-sem JaZ, this or that (female).

ji-soZ, mrs, mistress.

ii-son, daughter.

ji-sorean, daughter's husband.

ji-sonil (of-sonil) little daughter,.

ji-stdg, doe, hind.

jit, shirt.

ji-tidel, tutoress, lady teacher,

teacher's wife,
ji-un (of-un, uno/), a (feminine),
ji-viud-el, widow.
ji-xol(kun), cow.
Jlesan, Silesia.
Jlesmel, Silesian.
Jlesdnik, Silesian (adj ).
Jlesvig, Sleswick (town).
Jlesvigan, Sleswick (country),
jo! gorgeous! magnificent!
job, shrub, bvish, arbuscle.
jod, hail,
jodon, to hail,
jog, bulrush.

jog, reed, cane, rush, thatch.
Jogih, thatchen, of reed,
jok, push, thrust, stab, shock,

jog, jolt, bounce.
j'okel, pusher, jolter.
j'okik, pushing, stamping.
/oHik, in a pushing way.
jokolad, chocolate.
jokoji, to push, jolt etc.
jol, shore, coast,
jol, eight.
j6l3.gul, octagon
jolan, shore-land.
Jol&plad, place at the coast,
jolftarton, eight million.
joWeZik, every eighth day.
joldil, eighth part.
joldiipik, of eight hours, lasting

eight hours.
jiileA, (a number) eight,
joroZik, a distance of eight

hours.

GBAMMAll OF VOLAPuK.

101

Join, eighth.

/oZidna, eighth time

joZidno, for the eighth time.

JoliAo, in the eighth place.

/oflk, eightfold, octuple.

J6l}\, a small eight.

jolion, octillion.

johnil, eight thousand.

/o/na, eight times.

JoZnalik, eight times over.

Jdlnik., eight kinds,

Jolon, to multiply hy eight.

joh, eighty.

Jolsena, eighty times.

yd/sid, eightieth.

/oZsido, in the 80th place.

yiiZsik, eightyfold.

Jolson, to multiply by eighty.

jotstum, (eighty times hundred)
eight thousand.

jolsydik, eighty years old
octagenary.

JoZtum, eight hundred.

jolteraena, eight hundred times.

joltemid, eight hundredth.

joltemik, eight hundredfold.

joYtum mil, eight times hundred
thousand.

/oZuf, octave.

j'oliim., octet.

jolyeZik, eight years old, oc-
tennial

jon, pointing.

jon, beauty.

JonafineA, fore-finger.

jSnal, beauty of the mind.

yoream, embellishment.

yonel, , pointer, handle (of a
clock or -watch).

/onel, embellisher.

Jonik., beautiful.

jonon, to point (out), direct.

Jonon, to embellish,

jop, vault, arch.

fipbn., to vault, arch.

jot, shoulder.

jot, lock.

JotKn, Scotland.

JotMnel, Scotchman, Scot.

jotZanik, Scottish, Scotch.

joto (Jino), finally.

jot'on, to conclude, finish, give
up, resign.

jov, hubbub.

Jovon, to cause sensation.

ju; till.

jueg, sugar.

Juegaxa, edulcoration.

juegs.rid, sugar-cane.

j'uegel, confectioner.

jeugelen, confectioner's shop
sweety-shop.

Juegen, confectionary sugar-
bakehouse.

juegenei, sugar-refiner.

fuegik, sugar-sweet, sugared.

juegil, sweety.

juegon, edulcorate.

jnit, enjoyment, fruition.

fuiAk, plaisant.

juMn, to enjoy.

juk, shoe.

jiik, (junuik), having been
done, beensaid, excisted
till now, &c.

juk&i, shoe-maker.

Juken, shoe-making, shoe-
manufactory.

Jukon, to make shoes, to be
shoe-maker.

Jul, school.

jiil, defence, care, protection.

j'ulel, scholar.

jt'lel, defender, protector.

yuZelik, scholar-like.

j'uloii, to keep a school ; to

102

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPuK.

dress, train, fik, to break

(a horse).
jiilon, to defend, protect,
jvin, parings, remains cuttings,

clippings,
/unon, to flay,
junti, so far, thus far.
jiinuik, see jiik.
jiip, wether, ram.
jiis, till,
jut, shot,
jiit, a'uhbish.

ka, than (after the compara-
tive,
kab, cable,
kad, card, map.
kadil, ticket,
k^ld, cash.

Kadalkivir, Guadalquiver.
kadel, cashier,
kadem, academy.
kddik, in ready money, cash.
kadin(cd), kadmium.
kddon, to cash,
kaed, map.
kaedaionZei, atlas,
kaen, technics.
kaenSkY, technology.
kaenel, technicus.
kaemk, technical,
kaf, coffee.

kaf, trick, craft, cunning.
Kaf an, Caffraria.
Kafanel, Caflfre.
kafi^, cunning, sly, crafty.
keif on, to trick somebody.
Kak, cacao.

kal, account; calculation,
kal, nursing, tending,
kalad, character.
kaladal, firmness of character.

futel, shooter.
juten, . shooting.
Juton, to shoot (bullets).
jiltotx, to throw down, fling ofi",
(of animals) to bring forth.
Jvaban, Suabia.
Jvahdnei, Suabian.
jvadan, squadron.
Jveiz, Switzerland.
Jveiz&n, (S:wiss) fariu.
jveizik, Swiss.

K.

fcatotZalik, firm in character.
kalad^ik, characteristic.
kaladon, to characterize.
/cnZam, bill, account, accompt.
MZam, physic.
kalnY, arithmetics.
kalavel, arithmetician.
kalel, accountant, reckoner,
kaled, calender,
kalep, carp,
kalidop, kaleidoscope.
Kalifonan, California,
kalin (K), kalium.
kalod, cold, coldness.
kalod'Al, coolness.
kalodik, cold.
kalSn, to count, calculate.
k&lon, to nurse, tend,
kam, level, flatness, plain,
kamad, companionship.
kamadel, companion, comrade-
kamaf, chameleon,
kamel, camel,
kamerel, chamberlain,
kamin (ca), calcium.
Kamjakan, Kamschatka.
kamon, to make level, flat or

plain,
kan, art.

GRAMJIAK OF TOLApiiK.

103

kan, cannon.

kanad, channel, canal.

kanadon, to channel.

kana^radel, artificial gardener.

kana^aden, artificial gardening.

ianai, artist.

tonal, love for arts.

tonaZik, artful, artificial clever.

Kanan, Canan, Holy Land.

kanap«6, commerce in objets of

art.
kanartV, canary (bird).
kanasZ/rf, polytechnic school

school of fine arts.
kanas^Ki, institution of arts.
kanel, artist,
fcanelik, artistic.
kdnel, cannonier, gunner.
Mnen, artillery.
kanik, clever, canny, artful,
kanit, chant, song.
kanitel, chanter, singer.
kanitem., song, ballad.
kaniteiml, chansonette.
kanitik, melodious.
kaniton, to sing,
ianon, to can, be able to.
kdnQu, to cannon.
kantop, canton.
kanu, by force of-
kaniid, uprightness.
kaniidik, upright, just, true

sincere; genuine,
kanzel, officer at the chancery,
kap, head.

kapa^an, temple of the head.
kapsii., common sense, intellect,
iojoalik, intelligent, senseful.
kapaftom, skull.
Aopalnik, intelligible.
kapahioi. intelligibility.
kapebloa, to understand,
jfopalub, apprehension.

kapel, headman, captain

Kapever, the Green cape. Cape
Verd.

kapikor, Capricorn.

kapo. headlong.

kapon, to behead, decapitate.

kapul, chapel.

karam, lozenge.

Karan, Carinthia, Kaernthen.

Karl, Charles.

Karpat, Carpathian.

kased, borough.

kasen, casern, barracks.

Kaspi?neZ, Caspien Sea.

Kastilya, Castilia.

kastof, catastrophe.

kat, cat, male-cat, tom-cat.

katad, capital.

katadel, capitalist.

katan, captain.

katan, chestnut.

katanafti'm, chestnut-tree.

katar, catarrh.

Katarin, Catherine.

Katarinil, Kate, Kitty.

katek, catechism.

katekel, catechist.

katil, kitten.

ifcatolel, catholic (noun).

A;atolik, catholic (adjective).

fcatolim, catolicism.

Kaukasan, Caucasus.

kaut, caution, prudence care-
fulness.

kauto, take care! cautious!

kauton, to be cautious.

kav, cellar.

kav, quay.

haven, wine-cellar.

kazet, accent.

ke (before an o), ko, with.

ke . . . ., com . . ., con ....

keb, herb, plant, greens.

104

GEA.MMA.U OF VOLAPiiK.

Kebek, Quebec.

keftZmon, to bring with.

'keblod, colleague, brother, com-
panion.

keModoa, to fraternize.

ked, row, ridge, series.

Jcedov., to place in a row; to
link together.

kediliAel, partner, shareholder,
partaker.

kef, brush.

Kefalon, Cephalonia.

kefon, to brush.

kegin (Hg), mercury, quick-
silver.

kein, loveliness, amability.

keimk, lovely, kind, amiable.

kek, cake.

kel, who, which, that.

kela., whose, of which.

fceZas, whose (plural).

kele, whom, whichto.

keles, whom (plural).

keli (plural kelis), (4th case
of kel.)

'killed, compassion, pity, mercy.

keK«c?ik, compassionate pitiful,
merciful.

7ceZ-ji (ji-kel), 1st case fenimum)
see kel.

kel-oi (of-kel), (1st case fem.
see kel).

fceZos (os-kel), (1st case neuter,
see kel).

heloii (os-keli), 4th case neuter,
see kel)

keU, who, which, that (plural).

fceZup (kii;, when.

kem . . . (kemere!)

kemen, fellow-man.

Is.emena,l6f, love for fellow-men.

ken, can.

keofel, familiar friend, mate.

keoZon, to be familiar',

kep, cape.

ker, pith, heart, marrow.

kerik, pithy.

kerub, cherub.

ket, chain.

fce^on, -jio chain.

Kewo&el, co-operator, mate,
fellow-workman.

kezenodik, concentric.

ki, (kio), which? what?

kibid, howfar?

kid, kiss.

kidil, little kiss.

kido^, to kiss.

Men, knee.

kieTi&stuI, kneelstool.

kienQn, to kneel.

kii, who? (which woman?)

ki/sL, whose? (of which woman?)

ki/B, who (plural)? (which wo-
men ?)

kik, key.

kik&m, lock, doorlock.

kikel, locksmith.

kiken, locksmithy. -

kikod, why?

kikon, to lock.

kil, three.

kilah, three-twin child; tierce,
triplet,

kilMed, clover-leaf; card of
clubs.

kilag'MZ, triangle.

kilospan, coach for horses.

KilftaZod, Trinity.

kildil, third part.

kihl, a three, number of 8.

kil e Za/ik, three and a half,

kilidi, third.

kilidLSbVog, tenor.

kiliAna,, the third time.

fa'ridno, for the third time.

GBAMMAK OF VOLAPiiK.

105

ftifido, in the third place.

kilik, threefold, triple.

Miko, in a threefold' way,
triply.

Jciia, a small three.

kilion,- trillion.

kilmiZ, thee thousand.

kilna,, threetimes.

AiZnalik, threetimes over.

Mnik, of three kinds.

faVniko, in three different ways.

Mlon (Miikon), to multiply
by three, treble.

}cils, thirty.

kilsena., thirtytimes.

kilsia, thirtieth.

fczYsidna, the thirtieth time.

A«7sidno, in the thirtieth place.

kilsik, thirty fold.

kiltom, three hundred.

kiUumena, 300-times.

kikumid, 300th.

kikumido, in the 300th place.

kiUumik, BOO-fold.

kilium mil, three times a hun-
dred thousand.

Miif, terce (music).

Milkon, see kilon.

kilwn, tercet.

kilurrmi, trio.

kiljesdel (idelo), two days be-
fore yesterday.

kim., who?

Mma, whose?

kima/aZ, 2nd case, posssssive.

kima/aZon, to form the pos-
sessive (case).

kime, whom? to which?

kime/hZ, 3rd case, objective.

kime/aZ8n, to form the objective.

kim&ns, (kimna.), how often?
how many times?

kimensak, how many times over?

kim/oZ, 1st case, nominative
kim/a/on, to form the 1st case,

to form the nominative.
kimi, whom? (4th case).
kimid, which of the number?
famidik, how many fold?
kimidoko, in how many diffe-
rent ways?
Kmidna, what turn? how many

times?
fcmidnik, how many sorts?
fcimidno, how many times?
'kimifal, 4th case
kimi/oZon, to form the 4th case,
fc'mik, which ? what ? what

kind of one?
kimi^o, in what way, in what

maimer,
kimikos ,- what kind of a (neuter) ,
i:zmis, which ? (4th case plural).
kimna, see fcimena.
kima/aZ, ."bth case, vocative.
kimo/nZon, to form the 5th case

or the vocation.
kima, wich men?
\dmufal, 6th case,
kimii/aten, to form the 6th case,
kin, boldness, stoutness.
.... kinan, (last syllables for

the names of large countries).
kinal, heroism, magnanimity,

intrepidity, brave mind,
feman, hazardous undertaking,
kinan, country (large state),
kinanazz/, imperial city.
kinon, to hazard, risk, try.
fcb(ki), what? what kind of a?
klofi which (feminine)?
fciofa? of which (fem)?
kiofe, to which (fem)?
fao/ik, what kind of a?
kiofis, which (fem)? (4th case

plural).

106

GB.AMMAB, OF VOLAl'UK.

hiofs, wMoli (fern)? (1st case

plural) .
kiom, which? (1st case sing,

maso).
Mome, to whicli? (3rd case sing,

masc).
fa'omes, to wHch? (3rd case

plural, masc).
kiomi, -vrHch? (4tli case sing,

masc).
kiomik., what kind of a?
kiomos (os-kiom), which? (neu-
ter)
fciop (kiplad), where.
kios, what? neuter).
kiosa., of what? (neuter).
kiose, to what? (neuter).
kiosi, what? (4th case neuter).
kiosik, what kind of a?
kip(-am), keep, keeping.
kiplad, see kiop.
kipladsii (kiopa), from where?

from what place ?
'kipladi (kio^i), whither? where

to?
Mpoii, to keep,
kis (kios), what ?
kisa,, of what?
fase, to what?
kisi, what? (4th case),
fasik, what kind of a?
ktsiko, how? in what way? in

what manner?
kit, quittance, check receipt.
kituw., acq^uittance, payment,
kih'm (kitip), when?
kitoji, to acquit, sign aspaid,

settle-
kiiXTp, see kiftm.
klajl, class,
klaf, crab.

klafip, canker, cancer,
klam .... (deklam !)

klam, clamp, cramp, hook
hinge; bracket,

klan, the secret.

klana/«fik, mysterious.

kldnik, secret (adj).

Hanoi, secresy, privacy.

kldnoSk, private, secret.

klanoion, to hide, conceal.

klat, excellence.

klate\, excellent writer.

klatAik, classic.

W«iik, projecting.

klaut, shin; splint: rail(8);
rim.

kleb, starch, plaster.

klebon, to paste, to glue.

kled, cradle.

kledoQ, to lull, cradle, rock.

kleil, audibleness, clearness.

kleilik, audible, clear, loud.

kleilon, to clear, elucidate.

klem(-am), abdication, resig-
nation.

klemoTi, to abdicate, renounce,
yield.

klen, maiz, maize.

kler, clergy.

kleud, convent, nunnery,
cloister, monastery.

kleud\k, conventional.

kleudmk., monastic.

klien, inclination, propensity.

klierak, inclined.

kliet, refreshment, comfort.

klietik, refreshing.

klleton, to refresh, quench.

klif, rock, cliff.

klir'aX, unshakableness.

klifW, rocky, cliffy.

kli/bn, to make unshakable. '

klig, war.

kligal, warlike mind.

kligik, warlike.

GUAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

107

kligoTi, to make war.

klil, clearness.

kHlam., clearing, enlightening.

klifal, (daKial), clear head.

klilaion, (vokal), vowel.

klilik, clear.

klilon, to enlighten, clear up.

klim, vice, mischief.

'kliro.a.dun, wicked deed, crime,

misdeed, trespass.
klimSl, culprit, slave of vice.
klimit, wicked.
klimo'a, to serve vice.
Win, purity, cleanness.
klinaxa, puriiication, cleaning.
klin'Al, clear heart, pure breast.
Wanamop, place for purifying,

purgatory.
klirak, pure, clean.
fcZmlik, clean, neat, trim.
klMot, neatness, quaintness.
klinoi, purity.
klino . . . . , pure ....
klinon, to purify, clean,
klino^enon, to copy fair,
klipit, ecliptic,
kliv, slope.
klivik, sloping,
klod, faith, creed.
Modal, faithfulness.
Uodnt, credit.
Hodel, tnte believer.
klodik, faithful.
klodia, credible.
klodon, to believe,
klof, cloth.
klofik, of cloth,
klokod, crocodile,
klolin (cl) chlorine.
k]omin(cr), chrome, chromium,
klon, crown.

Wonaleson, prince, hereditary.
klonsiUtakip, lustre, gaselier.

klonon, to crown.

klop, harvest, crop.

klopatim (Wojiup), harvest-time.

klopon, to reap, gather.

klot, clothes, dressing.

fctoJad, garment, garb, apparel^
dress, gown.

klota.-m, the dressing.

klo&, dressing (adj)

hloton, to dress, don.

klu, thus, then.

klii, according to, in conse-
quence of.

klub, club.

kltfb, corporation.

fcfc&al, social mind.

kluhzxa, union.

klub\k, club,

kliibVs., corporative.

kluVim, to unite.

klud(-am)' consequence.

kludT^, consequent.

kludo, thus, then, consequently,

kludon, to infer, come to a
conclusion.

kluf, nail.

kluf&n, nail-maker.

klu/el, nailer, nail-smith.

klug, torsion.

klugik, crooked, curved, bent,
wry.

klugoxL, to crook, bow, bend^
curve.

kliil, clearness

klilMX, clearness of mind.

klu&, clear.

kliilon, to clear.

kliilukon, to be clear.

klum, climate, clime.

kliimik, of the climate.

klupip, croup, angina.

kluzif, cross.

kluzifaue^, cross-road.

108

GEAMMAE OF VOLAPUK.

kluzifdn, to cross.

kluzuf, crucifix.

kluziifon, to crucify.

ko (beforean o: ke), -with

ko CO together.

ko, -where.

Ma, from where.

koas, sothat.

koat (ko atos), so that, so as to.

koazan, Croatia.

kob(o), together, see em(o) and
tugedik.

kob, comb.

kobin(co), cobalt

fcoSon, to comb.

koboton, (music:), accord.

kocan, coachman, driver cab-
man.

kocanauaft, coach, cab, carriage.

kocanon, to drive, guide ; to
be coachman; to drivewitha
carriage.

kod, cause, reason; fault.

kbd, sculpture

k'ddah, image, statue, figure.

kodabakbliim, a statue serving
as column.

kodaiare (plasiid), imitative art.

fcotfam, causing.

kodauoJad, carver's-work.

kododi., inducement.

hSd&i, sculptor, carver.

kodem(-am); condemnation.

kodermk, damnable.

■kodemon, to damn, to condemn

kodemiib, damnation, candem-
nation.

kodeia, statuary's workshop.

kodo, wherefore.

kodon, to cause.

kodon, to carve, sculpture.

kodot, conduct, behaviour.
■kodotoji, to behave, conduct-

one's self.
kodu, by, in.
kodut, hire, rent,
kodiit, feu, rent,
koduta/icn, rents (to be paid

for hired houses etc.)
kodiita/ien, rents (to be paid

for feud farms etc.)
kodutSin, lodger.
kodutel, tenant.
kodStel, farmer; one that has

lands on hire,
koduton, to hire, rent, let.
koduton, to hire, rent, feu.
kdef, confession.
koefastoZ, confessional.
i:o«/6n, to confess,
koeg, cork,
kof, mock, mockery,
kof, cap, bonnet.
kofskl, mocking nature.
kofel, mocker, scoffer.
kof&a., mockery,
fco/ik, mocking,
kofin, coffin.

koJWk, teasing (for fun).
kofion, to tease (for fun).
kofon, to mock, jeer, scoff joke,

ridicule,
kofud, confusion, mess.
fco/wcZam, confusion.
kofiidik, confounded, perplexed,

in a mess.
kofudon, to confuse, confound,

perplex.
kofufc(-am), preparation.
kofdkon, to prepare; construct,
kog, cough.
kogon, to cough,
koi, (fceZopi), whither,
koip, copy.
kokaviV, ooncave-ous.
fcokom, assembly, meeting.

GRAMMAE. OF VOLAPUK.

109

kol, to . . . wards, towards,
kol, .... contra.
kol, colour,
kolan, colonist.
kolsistdf, paint.
kolik, blooming, rosy,
kolat, coal.

kolataxKc?, carbonic acid carbo-
nate.
kolatel, chai'coal-biirner.
kolatelakum, wood-pile (for

burning coals).
kolel, dyer.

kolen, dyeing, dye-work(s).
kolerip, cholera.
kolin(c), carbon.
kolon, to- dye.
kdloiiiLstdf, dye. colour,
koliim, column,
koliim, column, pillar,
fcotemaldp, chapital, top.
.... kolumik, divided in co-
lumns.
koliim'OTi, to divide in columns,
kolun, colony.
koluniTs. (lovemelifc), colonial.
Kom, in face of, in presence of.
kom(nakom), arrival.
kdmad, commandment.
komadon, to command.
komed(am), recommendation.
komedii, recommendable.
komedcra, to recommend,
komfed, coffer, trunk,
komip, combat, figbt, struggle.
komipH, mind for combating,

mind for fighting.
komipA, combatant, fighter.
komipik, ready for fighting.
komipoa, to fight, combat,

struggle.
k;omit, order, commission.
komitaA, commission, order.

komita,di(i\, commissioner.

komitA, onethat gives an order.

komitem, committee.

komiton, to ccmmissionate.

kbmod, chest of drawers.

komon, to come.

komot, common, congregation.

kompal, corporal.

kompan, company (soldiers).

komplig, complicateness.

komun, commonness.

komun, communion.

komumik., common.

komijnon, to communicate.

kon(-am), anecdote, story, tale.

kbn, coin, money.

fconad, counter, medal.

koncA., novel, narrative.

kone\, relater, novellist.

konfed, confeot.

konfed&l, pastry-baker, confec-
tioner.

konfid, confidence, trust.

konfidTik, full of confidence.

konfidiik., confidential.
konfidoTi, to trust, confide.
konil, little story,
konlit, collection.
konleiel, gatherer, collector com-
piler.
konleton, to collect, gather com-
pile,
konod, office, countinghouse.
konSm, economy.
konomel, economist.
konormk, economical.
konon, to relate, tell, recite.
konon, to coin, mint, stamp,
konsal, consul,
konsal,- advice, counsel.
konscilal, counsellor, senator-.
konsdlel, adviser.
konsalein, congress.

110

GRAMMAU.OF VOLAPUK.

Jconsdli^, advisable.
konsalon, to advise.
konsalop, town-liouse senate-

liouse.
konsef, conserve.
konsefon, to conserve,
konsid, consideration.
konsidon, to consider,
konsien, conscience.
konsienik., consoientioixs.
konsienoi, conscientiousness.
.kontenQn, to content.
konyvig(-am), conjugation,
konyun, conjunction,
konzed, concert.
konzedon, togive a concert.
konzedon, to act conjointly,
kop, body,
kop, cup.
k'6pa,ro , drinking-bout, boozing-

part^ ,
.kopamSkkalaTn., account of what

bas been drunk,
kopan, accompaniment.
Jcopnn2il, co-partner.
kopansklei, copartnership.
_kopana.xa, (music) accompani-
ment.
Jcopanel, companion accompa-

nier.
kopanik, social, sociable.
kopanora, society,
fcqpanomik, social.
kopanbn, to accompany attend,

escort, vsrait on, go with.
koparmg, sociableness.
koped, (kupin), copper, brass.
kopedik (kupinik), of copper

cupreous,
kopef, corporation, body fof

several men).
JcopA, licklip, gormand, tippler,
drunkard.

kSpen, the drinking, boozing.

■kopladnTca, connexion, erection,
composition.

^opladon, to connect, erect
compose, arrange.

kopon, to corporify.

kor, chorus, choir, quire.

Korint, Corinth.

Kordilyers, Cordilleras.

kos(o),[totos(o)], contra, a.gainst.

kos .... counter.

kosad, "conversation.

kosadon, to converse (with).

kosek(-am), consecration; sanc-
tification.

kos6k(-am), consecration

kosekasmofc, incense.

kosekon, to sanctify, consecrate,
initiate.

kosek'on, to consecrate, dedicate.

kdsen, nephew, cousin.

kosenei, cousinship.

kosiacZ(am), composition.

kosiadon, to compose.

kosit, possibility to agree, or
to get gn with some body
or something.

kosit, condition, state.

kositon, to get on with some-
thing, or somebody; to ma-
nage, agree with &o.

kositon, to be in good condition.

kbsom, custom.

kosomik, usvial.

kosomo, commonly.

k'dsomon, to aooustom, to get
used to.

kosonat, consonant.

kosiefem, constellation.asterism .

fcosdk, costly.

koston, to cost.

kosum (-am), colleotiveness.

kosum(-am), consumption.

GUAMMAU OV VOLAPUK.

Ill

k'dsumA, consumer.

kSsum'Cn, to consume.

kot, main cause.

kot, sharp edge (of knivesete).

Jcdta,Tn, cutting.

kdte\, cutter; cutting-article.

-koten, content, contentation
contentedness.

kotenik, content, contented

kotenon, to be content, to con-
tent one's self.

Jcotik, sharp, cutting.

koton; consonance

koton, to cut.

kofopam, see kopladain.

kotopon. see kopladon.

kov, cover, envelop.

kovad, overspread, cover.

koven, comfoot, ease.

kovenik, ' comfortable, easy.

kovex, convex

Jcovexik, convexed.

ko!/umon, to join, unite; to
fold (the hands)

kraton, to scrible; scratch,
scrawl, scrape.

iren, pinnacle, battlement.

kristad, crystal.

"Kristus, Christ.

Kristuscil, Infant-Christ.

Tsiitt, Christian.

krist&cil, Christian child.

krifal, Christianism.

Jcritik, Christianly.

kriton, to Christianize.

kriit, critic, criticism.

kriit&a., criticizing.

JcTuton, to criticize, judge.

ku . . . ., cubic-

kuad, quartz.

kiib, cubic.

kubadi cube.

kud, care.

kudadin, concern, affair matter.

kudaZjwik, free of cares.

ku<&, careful, anxious solicit-

kudon, to care, take care.

kiig, gherkin

kuin, hundred- weight cwt.

kuimk, weighing one cwt.

A;iM'nlik(o), per cwt.

kuk, kitchen.

kufca/iZop, kitchen-fireplace kit-
chen-fire, kitchen-furnace.

kukA, cook.

fcuten, cooking.

kulak., citchen-

kuklik, boilable, cookable.

kuklit, cuckoo.

kukon, to cook, boil (active)

kukon, to cook, boil (intran-
sitive).

kul, path, way, road.

kul, course.

kulad, exactness.

kulad\k., exact.

kuladoi, precision accuracy.

kiiieil, cubic mile.

kulime<(omm), cubic millimeter.

kuliv, civilization (in general).

fcuZjuam, civilization (indivi.
dual).

kulivon, to civilize.

kiiloi, current-price.

kiilori, to pave, level, to make
a path.

kum, heap, pile.

kiim, swarm, crowd.

kumet, cubic meter.

kumid, in piles, acerval.

kumon, to acervate, heap up.

kun (ji-xol), cow.

kunon, to calve.

kiin(o), on the very top, up-
permost.

kup, scoop, ladle.

112

GUAMMAB OF VOLAPuK.

kupamoZ, sign, mark.

kupin, (cu), copper (chemical).

kupimk (kopedik), of copper,

copper, of brass, brass.
kupon, to dish up, draw up.
kiipoji, to mind, remember,
kurad, harness, arjEour, cuirass.
Kuran, Courland.
kus . . . . , (ekwso !)
kusad, accusation, delation,

indictment.
kusadel, accuser, delator,^ in-

dicter.
kusadik, accusatory.

kusadaa, to accuse, sue at

law, delate,
kut, court.
kutaiZanel, purveyor to the

court.
VvAiagadA, court-gardener.
kutajracZen, court-gardening.
kutamayaZ, court-marshal.
kutamzVen, court-butchery,
kuv. brood, hatch.
kuvon, to brood, hatch, breed>

to sit on eggs,
kvak, curds of milk.
kvit, qiiince (-pear).

la, (adverb), by, near.

la .... , at by ... .

lab, possession.

lab, happiness.

K6ad, blessing.

lahadam, benediction.

Zrjiiadik, blissful.

ZaJadon, to bless.

laisiva., taking, possession.

labaswfc, avidity.

labasiifcik, covetous, rapacious.

IdbeA, property, possession.

label, possessor, proprietor,
owner.

labem., fortune, wealth.

ZaSemik, rich, mighty, able.

labik, mighty (master ofit).

labik, happy, blessed.

Isbblin, see blin.

laJKnon, to bring by, contri-
bute.

Idbo, happily.

Idbon, to prosper, succeed.

lab'dn, to possess, have

labot, inn, tavern, public house.

labotsma, harbouring, lodging.

laboton, to lodge, harbour.

lad, heart.

lad, lady.

ladal (ladan), lover, sweet-
heart.

ladal, fond love, heartiness.

Zarfalik, hearty, kind.

ladalod, disposition, mind.

ladsAoi, conscientiousness. •

ladet, address.

ladet'6n, to address, direct.

ZacZik, lovely, charming, dear,,
beloved, pretty, good.

Zaiflik, kind, hearty, cordiaL

ZacZon, to love.

ladvelib, (Grammar), adverb..

ladyek, adjective.

ladyek'on, to adjunct, adjoin.

ladyekaJirf, participle.

ladyekaftidik, participial.

ladyul, farewell.

ladyulo, (adyo), adieu^ fare-
well.

ladyulbn. to say farewell.

GUAMSfAR OP VOLAFUK.

113

laed, lath.

laf, half [tAdil).

la/a.... (la/i... lafo...) step — ,
half-.

lafab, alphabet, ahece.

laSaMod, stepbrother.

laSaModot, stepsister.

]aia,fat {lujat), stepfather.

lafamoJ (Inmot), stepmother.

lafanepaZ, half orphan.

lafamsuZ, peninsula.

la fit, half.

Za/Hk, half and half.

laf on, to halve.

lagat, lizard, newt, eft.

lagiv, over-plus, boot, addition.

lagiv'OTi, to add, give into the
bargain, inclose.

lag'on, to hang (active).

Idgon, to hang (intransitive).

lagun, lagoon, lagune.

lagut, sp,lmon.

lagiitaut, salmon-trout.

lai, constantly, at any time.

l&idun, perseverance, constancy,
steadiness.

l&idunon, to persevere, persist,
continue.

laig, sealing vrax.

laik, persistent, continual.

lain, wool.

Zamik, wooUen.

Zamin, flannel.

lainliki, woolly.

lak, lake, loch.

laka, . . . loch.

Zaifcel, hangman; hobgoblin pla-
guy devil.

lakeV6\ bij Jove! the devfl;
deuced !

lakel whereby.

lakif, lawsuit, action.

Idk'on, to hadg up, hang.

lakun, lacmus, litmus archil,
turnsole.

lal, lane, alley, walk.

lal .... smalal\)

laltig, (Grammar), article.

laltiig, article, clause, line.

lam, arm.

lama/Ze^, elbow.

lam, ham.

lamatnk, almond.

Ian, soul.

lanav, psychology

Zanavik, psychological.

Ian, country, land.

ZaTjam, landing.

Zcmed, ground, field ; country.

ZanecZal, rural simplicity.

lanedapffliiel, country-clergy-
man.

lanedat, rural economy.

lanedatik, rural economical.

lanedsl, rural economist.

lanediV, rural, rustic.

Zanef, landscape, province.

Zareefik, x'l'ovinoial.

lanel, angel.

ZaneZal, angelic nature.

ZaneZik, angelic.

lanem, nickname, surname.

lanemam, nicknaming.

lanemSn, to nickname.

Zanik, psychical.

lanim, courage.

lanimam., encouragement.

Zanimik, courageous.

lanimbu. to encourage.

Zanon, to animate, inspire.

Zanon, to land.

la.not, announcement, notice.

lanoion, to announce

lap, Alp.

lap .... (lapoZ!).

Zapel, one that lives in the Alps.

114

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUlC.

lapik, alpine.

lapin, prey, booty.

lapmastifc, rapacity.

lapinel, robber, pirate.

lapinik, rapacious.

lapinon, to rob, plunder, pirate.

lapol, contribution.

lar, arp (measure).

laa(o), at it, present.

lasam, assambly.

lasamel, one wbo attends an
asaambly.

lasambn, to assemble.

lasbed, asbest(os).

lasei', approval.

lasewam, aokno-wledgement.

laseuamSn, to acknowledge.

lasewon, to approve.

lasig, indication, sbovring, as-
signation, pointing out.

iasigon, to point out, show,
assign, indicate.

Idson, to be at it, to be present
or near it.

lastin, elasticity.

lastinik, elastic.

lasuion, to be enclosed (in a
letter).

lasum, receival.

lasumon, to receive, take up.

laswrnon badlik, to take ill.

lat(-am), detention.

lat, last.

latab, altar.

laten, brass.

latenik, brass (adjective).

Zarik(o), late (nesun).

Hdk, last.

ladko, at last.

Zarikiin, very last.

Zdtikiino, at the very last, for
the very last.

latin, Latin.

latinel, latinist.

latinik, latin.

latinbn, to latinize.

Idtno, for the last time.

lata, at last.

latbn, to detain ' ones self, stay
to long.

latixRO, at the very last.

laud, lark, sky-lai;k.

lauk, lye, buck.

laut, C[uality of designer, qua-
lity of being contriver
{rigA^g).

lautA, designer, contriver, sche-
mer.

lautelm, to be the designer.

lauton, to design, contrive
scheme, plan.

lav, lukewarmness, tepidity

lamk, lukewarm, tepid

lav, lava.

fcik, lava-, of lava.

lavog, advocateship.

lavogeX, advocate, lawyer.

lazet, lazaretto, lazar-house.

le, more.

le (strengthening prefix)

arch-, head-, chief-, fore-.

leaf, leopard.

leb . . . (daleb !)
leSafik, chief, eminent, sole.
leia^nikna, a single time.
leJearikiin, moat-blessed,
lebegik, supplicating,
lefce^on, to supplicate, implore

beseech, entreat,
lefien, favour, kindness.
\ebemk, favourable, kind.
lebeno, very good.
lebijop, archbishop.
lebifopik, archbishopical.
lebldgik, pitchy, asblack as jet.
leblam, reproach.

GBAMMAU OF VOLAPUK.

115

\eblib6n, to remain, abide (le-
dulon) .

leblimon, to establisli.

lehluk, shed-brook.

\ehdh, bank; exchange.

lebiid, conamandment.

\ebiid&birl (G-rammar), Jussive.'

leced, the approving.

led, crimson, red.

ledaem, sconce; poop.

leda^/", scarlet-fever.

ledai;Zo'", scarlet.

Ledaniei, Eed Sea.

ledek, ornament.

ledib, abyss, gulf.

le(Ek, red.

\edmite\, right reverend, digni-
tary.

\edimiAk, eminent, dignified.

\edivik, much esteemed.

ledivodik, very affectionate.

lecZiwon, to esteem, praise.

ledlik, reddish.

ledom, castle, palace.

iedomel, oecupier of a castle or
palace.'

ledon, to colour (in) red.

lediifik as hard as steel , as hard
as stone, as hard as a rock.

lediik, grand-duke.

^ediikik, grand-ducal.

ledul, perseverance.

ledfuZon, to persevere.

let^araon, to do repeatedly, -of-
ten (aiAinon).

lef, lees, dregs, sediment.

lefad, necklace, lace, cord.

lefalon, to fall down with vehe-
mence.

l^/aZ6n, to throw down with
vehemence.

lefatel, great-grand father.

lefid, meal, repast.

lefikulik, very difficult.

\efined, mid-finger.

leflum, stream, big river.

leflumon, to stream.

leflnm, electric current.

le/bn, strong well.

le/opik, mad.

le/opug, madness.

le/owiko, swift as lightning
(lelito).

lefiid, the east.

LeiiiAa.mel, East-Sea.

lefuda^n, morning land the
Orient.

lefiidanel (lefiidel), Orientalist
Easterling.

Ie/Mii3,nik, eastern, oriental.

le/isdanon, to orientalize.

Lefuda/)Ze«s, East Prussia.

leMdel, orientalist.

le/iidik, east of, easterly.

leful, perfeotness

lefultijn, accomplishment, com-
pletion, execution.

le/«Sm, perfection.

le/uZamof, practieableness.

le/aZamon, to perfect.

le/wtel, perfecter.

lefulik, perfect.

le/«Znik, complete.

le/«Znbf, completeness.

lefulon, to accomplish, finish,
end.

\eivived, eastwa,rd.

leg, genuineness, reality, purity,
legitimacy.

Ie5rffi7(am), transport, rapture

le^fciZik, transported, ravished

with delight.
legdlon, to transport, ravish

with pleasure,
legat, legacy, embassy.

116

GUaMMAR of VOLAPiiK.

leffatel, embassador, envoy.
legate-m, embassade (consisting

of one or more persons)
legeil, summit, top, spire, pike.
legeiloji, to point high up.'
legeilik, mucli elevated, exalted,

sublime'.
leget, receipt, reception.
legik, genuine, pure, real
le(/iw(-am), donation.
\egivel, donor.
legivbn, to present, give.
legivoi, present; fee, drinkmo-

ney, perquisite.
\egle&, enormous, immense.
leglif, grief, affliction.
leglifik, grievous.
\egli/oia, to grieve, sorrow,

mourn, lament-
■]egudik, very good (le5cno).
le'^apel, harper, harpist.
le'^dt, helmet, helm.
16*^6;, lock, tress, curl ('eZem).
let/, even.

leig, equality, evenness,
leigafen, parallel (noun)
leiga'jenik, parallel (adjective).
leigara, leveling
leigama/ik, equal, of the same

measure.
leigik, similar, equal(iit).
leigo, same, also (leiko)
leigon, to level ; to be like,

resemble.
leigni, resemblance, likeness.
le27;(o), also, (leigo).
leil, mile,
lein, lion,
leit, lightness,
leital, levity, fickleness.
leitSlik, fickle, frivolous, light-
minded.
leitsim, alleviation, ease, relief.

leitik, light (not heavy).

leito, easily, lightly.

leitiiii, to ease, lighten, alleviate.

lejaf, wholesale business.

lej'ain, cable, ship-rope.

le;efc, frightfulness. ,

lejekik, frightful, terrible. ,

le;e&(ik)8f, frightfulness.

le^efclik, dreadful, terrible.

\ejeval, stallion.

le/onik, charming, exceedingly

beautiful.
lejuit, great pleasure.
lejul, university (niver).
le;K7, shield,
lek, echo, sound,
lefcan, art, science.
lekana, . . . , of science.
lekanapUb, commerce in objects;

of art and Science,
le^anei, artist (kanal).
lekanik, artificial, artful:

scientific.
leklodQn, to think of.
lekog, dry-cough.
\akciliim, pilaster, support.
lefcon/!'i6n, to trust in, to

rely (upon).
lefcosj7am, 'reconciliation.
XikosUel, mediator.
lefcosiVBn, to reconcile,
lektin, electricity.
lektinA, electrician.
Zefcimik, electric.
lektinOn, to electrify,
lei, iron.
leZaJ, easiness, the state of

being wealthy, moneyed.
\e,ldh, blessedness, bliss, felicity ,

happiness.
leZaftef, bondage.
leZaJefik, being in bondage.
leteMk, blessed, happy.

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPiiK.

117

le'afcon, to make blessed or
happy.

\elnd, fervour, cordiality
heartlyness.

leladik, fervent, heart}'.

lela^fifen, iron-foundery.

leleg, purity.

le.'e^ik, pure.

\eleigik [leleigo), perfectly even,
exactly the same.

lelel, smith.

^eZelen, smithy, blacksmith-
shop.

leteii, iron-work.

le/!ec?o ! alas !

lelieg, superfluous richness
(-plulieg, inlieg).

ieZik, iron, of iron.

leWik, that may be heard,
or learned or perceived.

lelilon, to learn, hear, to be
told.

lelin, iron (Fl, chemical ferrie
acid).

leliotsku, (lioiaV), lieutenant- ,
-colonel.

lelit, lightning.

lelitarfufcam, lightning con-
ductor.

lelito (\e/oviko), swift as light-
ning.

leK^on, to lighten.

lelod, railway.

\elod .... (lod, lelod !)

leZo/lik, most lovely, dearest.

le%am, viewing.

leloyon, to behold, view,
look at.

ielon, to forge.

leZonon, to become, beseem,
suit, be proper, decent.

"lelot leloted!)

Aeloted, large hotel.

lelnliino, very least.

\elm, magnifying glass.

lelutavat, cloud.

lelutSLvatik, clouded, cloudy.

Islutaival'OTi, to cloud.

lem, bargain, purchase.

lemacem, shop.

lernag, image, likeness.

lemag'di, cLuality of the image.

leman, rest, remainder, sur-
plus.

lemdnik, left, remaining.

lemdnik.0, for the rest, besides,
moreover ; (e lemdnikos
etcetera, and so on).

lemanon, to leave, to let
remain.

\emasel, (balemaseZ) , headmas-
ter.

\emeh (levaliid), omnipotence.

lemafcam. Creation.

lemefcel, Creato?- (of the Uni-
verse).

lemeHk, omnipotent almighty.

lemefcSn, to create.

Zemel, buyer, purchaser.

lemel, ocean.

lemelidlik, very meritorious.

lemem, remembrance.

lemcmon, to remember. '

lemesed, salary, pay, income.

lemesedon, to give salary, keep
in pay; pay.

lemik, venal.

Zemlik, eagerto buy, desirous to
buy.

lemod, large quantity.

lemodik. (fcumik), enorm, cc-
lassal, gigantic, piled up.

lemocZikumo, much more.

lemon, to buy, purchase.

lemotbinzal, Christmas-festival,
masmas, holiday, Christmas.

tl8

GBAMIMAK OF VOLAP-ilK.

lemo/, locomotive.

leimifon, to shake.

len, against, on . . . to, to.

len, . ., (la . . .), ad . . .

lenad, learning, improvement.

lenadik (lenadazi/ik), studious,

desirous to learn.
lenadlik, to be learnfed, learn-

able.
lenadon, to learn, practise.
len&iinBn, to bring on, bring

nearer.
lene/Zenik (ne/Zenalik), hostile

inimical, adverse,
lene^cnof (ne/?cnai), hostility

enmity.
leneZi/'ik, as deadas a stone.
leneZamon, to lick
lenemoc?o (Zuuno), in the least,
lenepueciik, lewd, lustful.
lenepueAig, lewdness, lasci-

viousness, impurity, unchas-

tity, debauchery, lechery,

licentiousness , sensuality,

profligacy.
lenjrZurfBn, to fasten by glue

or with lime.
haniddn, East-India.
\6niddmk, East-Indian.
lenjVecZik, very interesting,

highly important,
lenitib, harpoon.
lenitihik, having the form of a

harpoon.
\^yikor\fid'6ia., to trust to.
lenieodOn, to regulate,
lento^, glance, sight,
lenio^am, viewing.
lenZo^edbn, te view.
Xenlogiin, to look at, behold.
lenZo^ii, (preposition ;) asto,

with respect or regard to.
Ien^<in6n, to appropriate.

leno, not at all, by no means_

lemom, principle rule.

lenon . . . (lereos.')

leraonik, none at all.

lenos, almost nothing.

lenpaJfc, harangue.

len^jjfcon, to harangue, address^

lensdfcon, to call for, ■ ask.

lenseaVon, to contrive, plan^
commence, lay the founda-
tion.

lensianam, peep, (the) lying in
ambush, or being on the catch..

Ien,sum6n, to accept. ,

le?iM(nu), just now, this minute,,
hardly, scarce.

lenuHk, quite new, brandnew,.
spick and span new.

lenwrael, first-accountant.

lerewn, information.

lenanel, informer.

lenunBn, to inform of.

\eRvodon., to address, accost.

lenwofc(-am), invocation.

lenuofcon, to invoke.

YexizugoTX, to draw nearer.

leo, absolute.

leod(-am), regulation, arrange-
ment.

leodal, mind for order.

leodel, regulator.

leodik, regular, orderly, right,,
proper,

leodon, to regulate, order.

lep, monkey, ape, baboon.

lepan, aper, imitator. .

lepaio (lepraako), principally.

leped(-am), oppression.

lepede\, oppressor.

lepedUn, to oppress, suppress.

leyyemelidol, very meritorious.

lepeJ(lep2iifced), sentence, maxim„
axiom.

GRAMMAK OF VOLAFilK.

119

lepSs., apish.

Zepil, little montey, marmoset.

\epleh, adoration, worsliipping.

\6plek&\, adorer, worshipper.

\&plekim, ^;o adore, worship.

\&pleso, especially.

\6plidSs., pleasing.

lepZu, much more, many more.

lepomet, vow.

lepometon, to vow, devote.

lepon, to mimic, imitate.

lepotik (jrzafik), just, decent.

Iej90(on, to he decent, proper.

lepafc(-am), confirmation, affir-
mation.

\epvkedi (lepet), sentence.

lepafcon, to confirm, affirm.

lepuZ, lad, fellow.

ler . . . (leraf !)

lera/", horse-radish.

lesaj(-am), assertion.

lesa^on, to assert, maintain
pretend.

\%satin, atlas, (satin-stuff).

lesauon, to preserve, keep ; save,
guard, spare.

lese(?(-am), mission

lesep, vault, catacomb ; burying-
ground, churchyard.

lesepawioZ, mausoleum.

leseu, recognition.

lesewik, recognizable.

lescuof, recognizing.

lese»on, to recognize

lesi ! certainly ! of course ! o
yes!

les&mik, positive.

\&sin, wicked deed, offence.

lesznel, offender, evil doer, trans-
gressor.

Xesimk, offensive, bad.

lesi'non, to offend, do a wicked
deed.

les)nu/ik, as smoothas glass.

leso, just so, exactly thus.

Ies67, great gentleman.

leson, prince.

lesta/, pile, post.

leste'n, flag.

les^anon, to hoist the flag.

les«!7ik, extremely calm.

lesizm (fllod), respect, esteem.

lesiimik, respectful.

le.ttimlik (vemo ) , much

esteemed, higUy respected,
lesiimon, to respect, esteem,
lesizmiin, highest respect,
lestol, raising.
lestolA, raiser.
lestolon., to raise (geilon).
lesitimik, esteemed, regarded.
lestupik, very stupid,
lesumik (W/lik), agreeable,
lesurafo), at the shortest notice

very quick,
lesunik, soon, early, betimes,
lesusian, resurrection.
lesustanasidZ, Easter.
\esvidik, as sweet as honey.
let(-am, Inlet), permission.
letab, table.
Letan, Letland.
Letcind, Letlander.
letamk, Letland-(adj )
leifflwik, desirous of travelling.
leteda,va, wholesale trade.
\etede\{tedan), wholesale dealer

wholesale merchant.
leton, to let, to let go.
leJop(tutbp), exhaustion.
\etuig, twig.
letuigaduf, bundle of twigs,

fagot, bavin.
lend, Lloyd,
leud, rice,
leul, oil.

120

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPilK.

leulMm, olive-tree.

leiilafluk {leiilnk), olive.

leulak. . . (leQlaM!)

lenla,kdl, oil-colour.

leiilam, oiling.

leulel, oiler.

leUlik, oily.

leiilnik, oleaginous.

leiilon, to oil.

leulvik, olive. >

leun, hip, haunch.

\&valud (lemet), omnipotence.

Levaliidel, Gfod almighty. •

levaliidik, almighty, omnipo-
tent.

lewamik ('itik), hot.

levat, high water.

levelik, everlasting, constant.

levelo{a.i), constantly.

leveM, constancy, lasting.

le«e»^(o), extraordinary, un-
commpn.

livemik, extraordinary.

leuemuno (moduno), in the
highest degree, at most.

levikod, triumph.

levip, eagerness, vehement,
longing.

levipik, eagerly.

le«jpon, to earger, wish or
long ardently.

levisit, frequent visit.

levitim, mass-offer.

levitima.buk, mass book.

le^are, gate, porch.

lej/uftiip, gold jubilee.

\ezib, disl^, repast, meal.

leziid, sourness, austerity.

leziidik, sour, harsh.

lezMn, anger, offence.

lezunik, offended, angry.

lezunon, to take offence.

li (lio), how ?

li ? -li ? (interrogative particle,
used when no other inter-
rogations are expressed.

liab, flax.

liabasio/", linen.

liaf,_ lily.

Ua/ik, as white as lily,
liliaceous.

liam, lamb.

liamSl, gentleness, affability.

lidmil, lambkin.

lian, verse.

lianel, versifier.

lidnon, to versify.

liat, litre (french measure).

lib, liberty, freedom.

liba... (libi..., libo...), free...

\iha.vU, voluntariness.

libauz'flk, voluntarily, volun-
tary.

lihik, free.

lib'dn, to set free, free, deliver,
rescue, redeem, exempt.

licep, liverwort.

licinon, to descend, spring
from; derive.

lieb, grape.

liebauaei, juice of grapes.

liibA, vine-dresser, vintager.

lied, adversity, trouble pain,
sorrow.

liedik, troubling; afflicted.
?n ! a.la.a!

HedoA, passion.

Uedon (su/6n), to suffer.

lieg, richness.

liegeaca., enrichment.

tiegoi, richness of contents.

liegoSk, rich in contents.

Uegik, rich.

liegon, to enrich.

liel, (the) listening.

Helm, to listen.

GKAMMATi, OF VOLiPiiK.

121

lien, line.

lienasium, ruler.

liev, hare.

Uf (nedeil), life.

lifanunod, biography.

li/iz^ik? how far? how far
away? (place).

lifamerf, victuals, provisions.

lifa,se/am, life-assurance.

li/ik, alive, living.

Z^lik, lively.

li/ovnod, he shall live !

lifbn, to live, exist.

li/a&nik? how far? (time).

lifixp, life, age.

Ug, licLtior.

liged, nicety, delicacy, dainty.

ligedik, nice, delicious.
ligletik {lioglenk.)'i how big?
of what size?

lik? (Zfto?, /w?), how?

likad, relique.

Iikik9, how situated?
Ukof, quality.

likofik, qualitative.

lil, ear.

lilad(-am), reading, lecture.

liladel, reader.
liladils., legible
liladon, to read.
lila/?ap, box on the ears.
lilaa, to hear.
liloi, hearing,
lim, joint.
limaxa., articulation.
limep; emperor.
limepik, imperial.
Kmepon, to be emperor.
limepnh, empire.
limodik, how much?
limodiTsioa, quota,
limoc^of, quantity.
lim6(7ofik, quantitative.

limun, alms.

bmunon, to give (an) alms.

lin, ring.

linq,d, alloy, contents.

lina^ned, ring-flnger.

lindif. indifference.

lindi/ik, indifferent.

lined, the interior.

lineda,Tps, bowels, entrails.

linedsA, boarding-school.

UnediL, internal, interial.

linedo (ino), inside.

linedn, within.

lineg, tongue

linegik, smart with the tongue.

Unegoi, fluency of speech.

linegoTi, to tonque , chide, talk ;
scold, prate.

linik, shaped like a ring.

linkip, innkeeper.

linkipuva, lodging, harbouring.

linhipou (Zo^elon), to lodge, har-
bour.

lino, roundabout.

lintelek (Gtrammar), interjec-
tion.

linyelib, orange-colour.

Unyelibik, orange-yellow.

Ko?, how?

Lion, Lyons.

libtal, lieutenant-colonel.

liotan, lieutenant.

Hotanel, first lieutenant, chief-
lieutenant.

lip, lip.^
liped, ellipse

Upedih, elliptic.

lir, lute. '

lisan, sense.

lisanik, sensible, senselul.

Hsanon, to have sense.

lised, catalogue, register, list
roll, record.

122

GllAMMAR OF VOIAPUK.

lisedel, registrar.
liauii(o)?, how soon?
lit, light.

litiih, candle. ,

litafcip, candlestick.
liial (daKzal, klilsuV), clear head.
litHTo., sash, skylight, window.
litamil, small window.
lita/mag, photography.
Ztfama^rad, photograph.
Ut&magA, photographist.
lita,m,agen, photographing.
' litaiRiijot, window-shutter,
litanen, litany,
litapoi, lamp,
litasau, lantern,
litasio/, luminous matter,
literat, literature.
Uteratel, man of literature,
literatik, literary.
litikj light, lit, bright (caused

by light).
liton, to light, lighten.
Litu^n, Litthauen.
litur, liturgy,
lituric, liturgic.
liv(-am), delivery.
Livan, Livonia.
livapi(fc(am), acquittal.
liveitik'i, how far? (capacity).
livem(o)?, how much?
liver, livery.
livi . . . (livo . . .), free . . .
Uvik, free, easy, loose.
Kulik, pardonable.
livon, to free, loosen, release,

discharge, separate.
Uvvcp, leisure, vacant time.
lo, in presence of, in face of,

before, in sight of.
15, upper (for immaterial

things; therefore different

from sus).

16 . . . (lopa . . .), upper . . .

lob, praise.

lob, willingness, officiousness,.
readyness.

lobed, obedience.

loiedik, obedient.

lohedon, to obey.

Zoiik, laudable, praise-worthyi,;

Zo5ik (w7Bfik), willing.

ZoHik, praiseworthy, commend-
able.

lobbn, to praise, laud, com-
mend.

lohvim, glory, honour, praise,,
renown, fame.

ZoSiin, gloriousness.

lod(-am), load, cargo.

lod, dwelling habitation.

lodel, inhabitant, dweller,
occupier, inmate.

lodik, chargeable, that may
be loaded.

lodih, habitable.

lodin (Eh), rhodirim.

lodoi, habitableness.

lodo], resident, living, staying..

lodon, to charge, load, freight,
lade.

lodon, to inhabit, dwell in,
live in; stay, reside.

loegava, observation, attention.

loegbn, to observe, (see).

loego^, observatory.

loet, roast meat.

Zoe^on, to roast.

lof, ofFer, tender, proposal.

lof, (tecZal), love.

fo/ab, darling.

Zo/abik, favourite.

lof&diffik., amiable, lovable.

Zo/a/uHk, charitable.

Zo/al (lefan), lover,

Zo/ik, lovely, dear, beloved.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

123-

Zo/'lik (lesumik), lovely, amiable,

pleasing, charming agreeable,

nice, delectable,
lo/'lof, charmingness.
lo/bb, I love, I like.
lofoo-la,, I might love, — like.
Zq/bb-li?, do I love, do Hike.
IS/ob-li-la? might I love ,

—like.
I6f6b-ii no? (no Zii/ob-li?), do

I not love? do I not like?
Zo/obs, we love, vre like.
lofoi, she loves, she likes.
l6/ofs, they (those women)

love, they like.
lofdk, self-love.

Zo/ol, thou loveat, thou Ukest.
lofol, loving.

lofols, you (men) love, -like.
io/6liin(o), most loveU", love-
liest.
Zo/om, he loves, he likes.
loforaoa, 'may he love, -like'.
Zo/oms, they (those men) love.

they like,
lofon, to offer, hand over, give,

reach.
lo/on, one loves, one likes, a

body likes.
lofon, to love, like.
lo/onoA, one must love, -like.
lofons (polite singular), you

love, you like.
lof OS, it loves, it likes.
Zo^OBok, it loves itself, it

likes itself,
log, eye.
log, bone.
logad, sight, vision.
Zo^am, the seeing.
Zojramik, optical.
Zo^amikel, optician,
logarit, logarithm.

Zo^ed, twinkling, glance, look.-

Zo^edon, to see, look, overlook,

Zo^ik, visible.

Zo^im, aspect; face.

l6glet(o), extensively.

logoi, face, countenance visage-

Zo^of, visibility.

logon, to see.

Zii^ot, bones.

lojop, lodge, box.

lok, looking-glass.

ZoJ;6n, to look into a looking-
glass.

lol, rose.

161, integer, whole.

lol&i'ob, rose-stick, rose (the,
plant).

ZoZed, rose-colour, pink.

ZoZedik, rose-coloured, pink.

ZoZik, rosy.

ZoZik, whole, integral.

ZoZiko, altogether, enticely.

ZoZil, little rose.

ZoZo, in all.

lom, birth-place ; home.

lorn .... (lijmib !)

Zomad, retum home, arrival at
home.

Zomik, native, birth, home.

Lombadan, Lombardy.

lomib (silai'az), rain.

Zomt 6ad, umbrella, shade, screen,
or guard for rain.

I'dmiKk, rainy, wet, showery

lomibon (silauaZSn), to rain.

Zomik, birth-, home —

I6min, element.

Zommik, elemental.

Zomived, homewards.

ZoJTilik, homely.

lombn, togo to stay, togo to
live, to settle, to establish-
one's self.

124

GBAMMAU OP VOLAPuK.

lomu, at home.

Ion, law.

Ion (lab), property,

fonam, resolution, appointment,
definition, determination

Londen, London.

loned, length.

lonedSA, lenity, clemency.

lonedara., prolongation.

lonedel, subject.

lonedik, long.

■lonedH, sub-missive, subject
obedient.

.lonediknno, at the very longest,
at the very last, at most.

lonediik, oblong.

lonedo, long (long time).

-lonedoi, durability, lastingness.

.fcnetZofik, lasting, durable, chro-
nical, long.

lonedon, to lengthen, prolong.

lonedoftro(o), since long, a long
time already.'

lonedwp, tediousness, weariness.

loned^^iV, tiresome.

Zonef, kind, quality, nature
disposition.

fonefik natured.

lonet, slenderness.

Zonerik, slender

lonik, lawful, legitimate, legal.

lorak., propre, own.

lonikncm, propre-name.

Xonilof (ita,suk),. selfishness self-
love, self-interestedness.

l6niZo/ik, selfish.

/onon (no^edon), to appoint de-
termine, fix, settle.

.lotion, to belong, appertain.

iortng, peculiar singularity;
peculiar accent.

toniip, legal term.

lop, opera.

lop, top, spire, top-part.

l^ps^ . . . {Ibpi .. ., lopo . . ., lo . . . .)
top , upper ....

lopal, (a)higher.

Zopan, highland.

lop&plen, surface.

lopel (lopal), higher, superior.

Lopelsasan, Upper-Blsace.

ISpiiotel, chief-waiter.

lopi/btel, chief-forrester.

lopik, operatic.

lopik, upper, highest, chief-,
master-, fist.

lopikap, head, chief, master.

Zopiko {lopo), above, lip, up-
stairs, on high.

VdpTikon, uppermost

/opikunel, highest, superior.

lopimel, optimist

lopimeKk, optimistic.

Ib'gis'iit, main street.

iBpih'd'el, headmaster' head-
teacher.

lopnik, above-cited, abov^-
mentiohed, above.

lopo, (adverb) see lopiko.

lopci ! up !

Lbpoioj/dre, Upper-Bavaria.

Lopocfeui, Upper-Germany..

lopoi, authority.

lop'dJVs., official.

\o^2klaned, highland.

Loporm, (the) Upper-Rhine.

Lopo^a/, Upper-Italy.

lopv., above (preposition)

KpiXn, summit, highest top.

lopuno (kiino), (adverb) onthe
very top.

Zopvinu, (very) high,est, most
high.

lor, laurel.

los . ., besides . . .

LosS,n, Losanna.

GEAMMAB OF VOLAPuK.

125'

loset, lobster.

lososit, frying sausage.

Lostakin, Austria.

Lostaki7iel, Austrian.

lot, guest.

lota.A, hospitality.

Lotan, Lorraine, Lorane.

loted, hotel, lodgement

loiel, hotelkeeper.

ZoJelain, harbouring.

lotelou, to lodge, harbour.

loter, lottery.

lot&, hospitable.

lotogat, spelling, ortUography.

lotogafik, orthographic.

loton, to lodge, stay.

lotoTp, lodgement, inn.

/offipik, inn.

lotng, inn keeping, lodgement.

loiiigik, lodgement.

lov . , . (love ! )

lova^onon, to buzz, hum, tingle.

love . . ., over.

loverfu^'on, to lead over.

lovedufcam, delivering, trans-

5-porting.
love/?«mon (bundanon), to over-

flovy.
\oveg {bel&loveg), passage, pass,

defile.
loYegiviiu, to give over, deliver,

reach
love^oZam, the passing over.

the going over.
love^oZed, transition.
love^oHk, transitive.
lovej'ad, overshadovfing.
love;ad6n, to overshadow.
loYeleton, to leave, letpass.
lovemeHk (kolumk), trans-
marine, colonial,
lovep . . . (loYepul !)
lovepenad, superscription.

loveptocZon, to put on the top;r

or above.
lovepoi(-am), translation.
lovepoZBn, to translate.
lovesez'sZon, to lay or put oii

the top or above.
loYesiadon, to place or put on

the top or above.
lovesumSn, to take a duty upon,

one's self, take charge of.
lovik, quietly.
loYekliJd, superstition.
loYeklodik, superstitious.
lovon, to transcend, surpass.
lovo;jwJ;bn, to lisp,
lu, less, vrorse.
lu . . ., dis-, re-, step-, chief,
lii ! ho ! hollo ! hear !
lu . . ., ad . . ., as . . ., ap . . .
lub, inferiority.
Liiban, Lybia.
lufte^on, to beg.
Ixxblod (laSaUod), step-brother..
]uUud2iflums, hemorrhoids.
lubod, mould.
Inbov )sma6oK), plate,
luiiiifc, misprint, waste-paper.
Incern (smasem) smallroom, side-

appartment.
Incif, chief, headman
luciY, noodle, silly person, sim-
pleton, ninny.
Incilik, silly,
lucj7al, noodledom silliness,.

harmlessness.
Incddnton, to assign, allot,
lud .... Q-udom .')
liid, rawness.
ludas, suppose that, admitted.

that, allowed.
ludiebiik, copy.
\ndevcd, hypocrisy.
Liidia, Lydia.

126

GllAMMAR OF VOLAPUK,

ludik, raw.

ludom (smadom), cottage

ludun, mean trick.

liied, rudeness, uncivility.

liiediTs., rude, imoivil.

lueg(s), lung(s).

liien, degree.

liien&ra., graduation.

luf, grape, -wine-grape.

lufaperf, -wine-press.

liif (lulM).

lu/am, vintage, collecting of

the wine-grapes,
lu/at (lafa/ai), step-father,
lu/at, father-in-law.
lu/aiel, great-grandfather,

(lii/a^al, -alel, -an, -anel).
lu/el, heath, broom-ground.
liy-'eZelik, clownish, rustic.
'bifenigA, miser, niggard

scrapepenny.
\vifid, glutton.

IxsfidoTX, to gluttonize, eat to
excess, eat voraciously.

Zii/ik, as a truss, a form as
a truss.

\afils.vin, dram, drink, spirits.

\nfil2iMinA, dram-drinker tip-
pler, drunkard.
■lufon, to vintage.

lug (WiY!)

liig, mourning.

\a.ge£k, grayish, grizzly.

lugik, mournful, sorijy.

lugil, vulture.

\ugiv, addition, over-plus, hoot.

lugivel, creditor, borrower.

lu^Mjik, as a loan.

lugivon, to lend, borrow.

\\xgloi, brag, vaunt, boast.

luglolel, boaster, swaggerer.

Inglolon, to boast, swagger,
brag, vaunt.

lu^tenik {gliinlik), greenish.
liigo, B flat (music).
\ugod, idol,

lu^ot^av, mythology, poly-
theism.
lugodsmk, polytheistic.
Iwgodea, idola-try.
hxgodon, to idolate,
liigoi, mournfulness.
lugoji, to mourn
liigoton, B flat (music),
lu'at (sma'^at), cap.
luib, wheel.
luiba/«fc,' felly, hoop of a

wheel, strake.
luibon, to provide with

wheels.
Luid, Lizzie.

lu ik, y ly.

luilon, to lull a sleep.

luin (U), Uranium.

lujamep, hero with the tongue

boaster, vaunter.
hij'eval, old horse.
IvLjon, reference,
luyonon, to refer, draw atten-
tion.

luk, hither, hitherward.

luk . . . . , re- , trans-.

luk, leer.

liikel, one who leers or lays
on the watch for.

luka,, thence.

\ukad, card, playing-card.

l\ikada,pled, card-playing, game
at cards

\\ikalod {amgJcalod), coolness.

hikalodik (smai'aZorfik), cool.

lukalodori, to cool.

Inkanelbn, to trifle.

hikaniton, to howl, yelp, whine,
whimper.

luki, towards, to.

(SttAMMAll or VOLAPiiK.

127

iukidLik, througli, by, passed

througli.
luki/a/on, to disli up.
■lukiloga,m., prospect, view.
lukim, nearer.
iukin (mi, mii), init.
iuHnal, at it, present.
i«fcino!;e(iibi), over (from one

place to another),
lukion, lyceum.
ZuHs(!si), thither.
-luldse(ina,] , out of it.
faHsus, upwards, up.
Jufcived, away,
lukiueg', road hence.
lukldnel, mysterious person.
hiklof, rag, tatter, slut.
lukomip, skirmishing,
liifcomon, to getto(do), fall to,

come to.
.liikon, to he onthe watch, leer,

peep.
'lakonfid6n(lekl6d6n), to think

of, suppose of.
lukrilt, cavillation.
hikriit&i., cavilling, temper, oen-

soriousness
lukriitel, caviller,
lufcr-wrik, censorious cavillous.
hikriiion, to cavil.
hxkiim, inside, in it, into.
luKmo! come in!
lul, five,
liil, owl.
Ixxlad'al, sadness,
luteaalik, sad, mournful.
Inlstgul, pentagon .
luZofc, marsh, pool, fen.
lufaHl, small marsh, small

pool.
luldil, fifth part.
Mel, number five, a five.
lulet, negligence.

liUe<(-am), permission admiss-
ion, allowance.

hxletwca, neglect.

luZedk, negligent.

laletik, admissable, acceptable ;
allowed.

Iv-kmi, acceptableness, permis-
sion.

\nleton,,to neglect.

lvLlet'6n{dal6n) , to admit perniit,
allow.

lulid, fifth.

ZuZidna, the fifth time.

lulidno, for the fifth time

lulido, in the fifth place.

lulieg, usury,

hdiegel, usurer.

hxliegon, to practise usury.

lulik, five fold.

lulik.0, in afivefold way.

lulil, small five, the figure five.

ZwHon, quintillion.

luKsanel, cunning reasoner.

luZz'sanon, to reason cunningly.

Inlit, twilight, dimness.

Inliton, to glimmer.

Inlmily five thousand.

lulna, five times.

ZtiZnalik, five times repeated.

lulmk, five sorts.

lulno, for the fifth time.

luZoJel, extoUer ; fiatterer, fawn-
,er, coaxer.

l\xlog, gaping at.

Inlogel, gaper.

luZo^^on, to gape, open the
movith in surprise or wonder,
open the eyes widely.

luloji, to multiply by five.

lalon .... {lulon !)

luls, fifty.

lulsena,, fifty tinieis.

lulsii, fiftieth.

128

GKAMMAtt OF YOLAPUK.

lulsi&no, for the 50th time.
lulsido, in the 50th place.
ZuZsik, fiftyfold.
lulsiko, in a fiftyfold way.
liiltum, five hundred,
lultamena, 500 times.
lul««<menalik, 500 times over

500 times repeated,
lultamid, five timdredth.
Ixihumiio, in the 500th place.
Inliumik, 500 fold.
Inltum mil, five times a hundred

thousand.
lulaS, quint (music: g).
luliiTa, quintet.
Inm, wetness.
Zumik, wet, damp, moist,
liim . . . {htlvivo. ! koliim !)
himagif, magnificence, pomp,
show.
■ luma^2/ik, magnificent, sump-
tuous.
lumagifon, to glory, hoast,

shine, show.
luma^Sn, to draw wrong, mis-
take at drawing,
luman (glihel, japA), rascal,
rogue, villain, scoundrel,
knave,
lumanik, knavish, roguish,

villanous, rascally.
lumcM, bungler.
Iwmig, mixture, hodgepodge

mish mass.
Inmilagel, queer fellow odd-
fellow, singular body.
hxmilagnik (Al), aluminium.
lumon, to wet, moisten, make

damp.
Xxrniot (lafsimot), stepmother.
lamotik, like a stepmother.
liimot, mother-in-law. '
lumud, muzzle, snout.

lumufop, to shove.
lumusigon, to make bad music
lun (luos), something, worse-

or meaner or lower,
lun, (pair of) spectacles.
lunaf (sraanaf), gondola, (row-
ing) boat, small boat.
Zunam, diminition.
lunam .... (lurtara !)
lunamon, to hand over, to-

give or deliver by Land.
\unid (smSLnid), faint light,

glittering, sparkling.
hmidon, to glitter, glare

sparkle, gleam.
Ixmim, insect.
lunon, to diminish, decrease,.

lessen, shorten.
lunulud, fodder, food.
hxnuludon, to fodder.
lunan, the least.
Ztmniino, in the least.
luo, in a decreasing way.
teod, direction.
hios, See lun.

liip ....(.... iip ! .... time !)
lupab-, caterpillar.
\apak, pollution, infection.
Inpakov., to infect, stain.
Inplan, twig, sprig, osier,

spray, branch. See letuig.
lupoedel, paltry rhymer, poet-
aster, petty poet.
hxpo/iidon, to cheat, trick,
deceive, cozen, beguile,
defraud.
liipotoji, to send.
hxpug (sTxiSipug), skirmishl
lupukel (vodel), babbler.'
hipiiken, babbling, chit-chat,.

tattle. '
lupafcbn, to tattle, chatter,
babble, prate.

GRAMMAR OF VOIAPUK.

129

Inpiiloi, prattle, tattle.

liir, lyre.

Liiran, Ulyrioum

IxireWn, to play the hypocrite.

lusag, story, fable, fiction,

doubtflil saying,
liwa^on, to tell a story, or

something doubtful.
Lusan, Sussia.
Itisanel, quack, charlatan.
Lusanel Russian,
lusanen, quackery, charlatan-
ism.
lusanik, Russian (adj)
lusaunik, sick.
lusedaxa, sending.
Vjisedon, to send,
lusenik, sensible.
lusaVaJel, caviller.
lusilef (Hg), mercury (kegin).
Iusi7e/ik (fce^mik), ofmercur^r,

of quicksilver,
lusmaten (smaZnof), pedantry.
lusiiZel, tyrant, oppressor,
lusora (lafasonl, stepson.
Vison, son-in-law.
luspad (smaspa(Z), corner
lusputon, to vomit,
lustom, thiinderstorm, tempest,
lustomos, it is thundering,
lusumon, to receive.
lusiit (sma«M^), narrow-street,

lane.
Ivisiitibpul, blackguard
lasvinel, sordid fellow,
lusi'mik, sordid, filthy, foul,

dity, vile, base, gross,
lut, air.

lut&hldd, draft, draught.
lutAkalap, convalescent, home,

hydropathic,
lutana/am, aeronautism.
lutawapik, void of air, vacuum.

lutawaJ (fog), fog, mist.

luteran, Lutheran.

Iwiikal', ghost, hobgoblin,

lufe'&alen, haunting, stirring.

IntikalQn, to haunt (as a ghost).

Iniof, meal-dust (meal dew).

luam., worse, lower, meaner.

luiin, least.

Zuiino, at least.

Kw(-am), deserting abandon-
ment.

tewon, to desert, abandon, lea-
ve, forsake, quit.

InvaladoTi, to exact.

hwat, urine, piss

lavatbn, to piss, make water.

IxLvelat (amnvelat), likelyness,
probability.

luiieZarik {smavelatik), likely,
probaftle.

luuznam, drunkenness.

Invisedik, sly, cunning, crafty,
subtle, wily.

\uvised\ig, sliness.

InvSdajm, bombast.

Invok, scream, cry, shout, shriek,
yell.

\v.vdk(-a.m), callingat, crying at.

luuofcel, crier, bawler.

luuofcem, shouting, screaming.

luwoion, to scream, cry, shriek,
yell, shout.

Imokbn, te call at, cry at.

luvomik, efieminate.

luxa/, lynx.

liixam, profuseness, prodigality.

liixamel, spendthrift, prodigal,
waster.

laxamiV, extravagantly, lavish-
ly, wastefiilly.

luxam\i\, luxuriant.

liixaniioi, luxuriousness.

luyeK&ik, yellowish.

130

GllAMMAB or VOLAPuK.

hiijuUbik, bluisii.
lui/amon, to push on.
liij/wnel, boy (stupid or silly
boy).

Liixan, Lyoia.

luzin,- wick (of alamp or candle).

M.

ma, according to (segun)

mab, marble.

tnabiin, to marble.

macad, lunt, match.

mad, maturity, ripeness.

mad, matrass.

madik, ripe, mature.

madon, to ripen.

maeg, illustration.

maegik, illustrated, adorned.

maf, measure.

?Bo/am, scale.

mafel, measurer.

mafik, moderate.

maflik, measurable.

ma/lQi, measurableness.

ma/bd(am), moderation.

ma/odik, moderate, temperate.

mafoi, temperance, sobriety

moderation.
njo/okOn, to keep measure, keep

time.
ma/on, to measure, scale,
ma/6nam, measuring.
mafukon, to moderate, temper,

regulate,
mag, image, statue, figure, type,
mag, the being permitted,
magab, pearl,
magaba/itel, pearl-fisher,
magaba/i/en, pearl-fishing.
magabsle/ad. pearl-necklace.
magaboa, to sparkle,
magad, magarine, store.
magel, draughtsman, drawer.
magen, sculpture.

mageael, sculptor, statuary.

maget, magnet.

magedk, magnetic.

mageton, to magnetize.

magif, magnificence, splendour.

magifaZo/; love for magnifi-
cence.

magifen, bragging, pomp.

magifi^, magnificent, pictu-
resque, splendid.

magiiol (jo!) splendid! beauti-
ful! grand!

magifoa, to boast, parade.

ma^ifot, show, pomp.

ma^ik, very beautiful.

magin (Alg), magnesia.

magit, magistrate.

maglik, typical, figurative.

magoTi, to draw, shape, form.

magm (lofon), (to) may.

magiif, gala.

magtig, sorcery.

magiigoa, to enchant, charm,
bewitch.

mail, stitch, mesh.

Main, (river) Main.

maj ! (mn;o !), march !

majal, marshal.

mak, mark (a coin).,

mak, mark, sign, token.
' makab, remarkableness .

makaiik, remarkable, worth
seeing.

mcikabik, renowned, famous.

makar, macaroni.

makon, to mark.

GBA.MMAB, OF VOLAPilK.

131

anal, accent, sign.

inal, six.

malad, illness.

maZadam, getting ill.

maladik, ill, bad, siol^.

maladnik, sickly.

maladoi, sickliness, infirmity.

maladoSk, sickly, infirm.

maladoion, to languish.

maladon, to be ill, or sick ;
to get ill, bad or sick.

maladop, hospital, infirmary.

matad\H.6n, to get ill.

mala^wZ, hexagon.

malum., signification.

malaspan, coach with, six hor-
ses.

Malayel, Maley.

maldil, sixth part.

jnalek, march.

jnalekon, to march.

malel, number six a six.

maZelil, small six.

malet, malt.

maleton, to malt.

ma/id, sixth.

maMna, the sixth time.

ma/idno, for the sixth time.

TOaZido, in the sixth place.

mdVik, sixfold.

maSko, in a sixfold way.

ma/il ('/natelil), small six.

malion, sextillion

malit, market.

maliton, to market.

malitop, market-place.

malmjV, six thousand.

malmiVid, six thousandth.

malmz'fido, in the 6000"' place.

malmj'tik, six thousandfold.

jtnalmj'ftkd, in a six thousand-
fold way

malmjVna, six thousand times.

malmi'/nalik, 6000 times repeat-
ed.

ma„'na, six times.

ma/nalik, six times repeated.

»i«taaliko, in a sixfold way,

maluik, six sorts.

mdtinko, in six ways.

mdlao, for the sixth time.

maZon, to signify, mean.

mdion, to multiply by six.

mdU, sixty.

mdlsina., sixty times.

ma/senik, sixty sorts,

mdid-d, sixtieth.

ma/sidno, for the sixtieth time .

mdlsiio, in the sixtieth place.

ma/sik, sixtyfold.

mdlsiko, in a sixtyfold way.

mals tum, (sixty times a hun-
dred) six thousand.

vaaltum, six hundred.

maltomena, 600 times.

maliumenalik, 600 timesrepeat-
ed.

mMltumidi, six hundredth,

maUumido, for the 600'!' time.

maltumik, six hundredfold.

mahumiko, in a six hundred-
fold way.

maltum mil, six times a hun-
dred thousand.

malni, sextain (music : a).

jna/iim, sextet.

maliit, mass, fair, market.

mam, "marmot.

mamut, mammoth.

man, man.

man .... (leman) !

manad, manna.

manal, manliness, quality of
man.

manam, magnanimity.

maued, mantle.

132

GEAMMAE OF VOLAPuK.

manif, openness. '

manifik, open, evident, mani-
fest, public.

manifad, information.

mani/ava., revelation, manifesta-
tion.

mamf&mon, to reveal, open.

manifoA, manifold (noun).

manz/odik, manifold (adj).

Wfinjfodon, to multiply.

manif'oi, manifestness.

manifofam, manifestation.

manifofel, one who manifests,
proclaimer, publisher.

manifbSk, manifest.

»ia«i/6f6n, to reveal, open,
communicate, impart.

mam/on, to open, uncover, dis-
close.

manik, manly, masculine.

manil, wee man, little fellow.

manin (Mn), manganate.

Manjanad, the Channel, the
British channel.

manlik, nuhile, marriageable.

manov, marloeuvre.

manuf, dignity, bravery, bold-
ness.

map, porte-feuille, pocket-book.

mar, marten.

mar, report, story, tale.

Maran, Moravia.

Margaret, Margarite.

Maria, Mary.

marig, daisy.

marin, marl.

markel, biljard-marker.

Marseil, Marseilles.

masek, mask.

masel, master.

maselel, mastership.

maselik, masterly.

mnseZikon, to master.

masivik, massive.

ma'atig, mastic.

mat, marrir.ge, wedlock.

maiam, marriage-ceremony.

mataftej'el, feasting at a mar-
riage.

matacaZ, matrimony.

iaa,iapomet, engagement, pro-
mise for marridge.

matazaZ, marriage-party, wed-
ding-party.

mateA, wedding.

matek, sacrament of marriage..

matel, husband, consort.

materik, material.

matik, conjugal, lawful, legi-
timate.

matokoTa, to marry, take for-
husband or wife.

ma ;6n, to marry, join a man
and woman for life; unite
as husband and wife.

matrit, matrice.

matiir, martyrdom.

matiirel, martyr.

mayed, majesty.

mayedik, majestic.

mayor, major.

mayul, Mai.

mayulik, Mai-, of the Mai
(month).

mazenal, mecenas.

mazul, March.

mazulik, March- (adj).

me, by, by means of.

me — ; — there of, at.

meb, remembrance, recollection.

mebama/, monument.

mebik (memik), living in the
mind.

meboii, to rememter, mind,
recollect.

med, means.

GEA.MMAR OF VOLA.PUK.

133

medam, mediation, interven-
tion.

tnetZamik, intervenient, mediate.

Medan, Media.

medel, intermediate person,
mediator, arbitrator.

medelik, mediating.

medin, medicine.

medinsN, medical art, physic.

medinel, physician, doctor.

medinik, medical, physical.

medinbn, to apply medical art,
apply physics, doctor

mediton, to consider, meditate,

reflect, ponder.

medon, to mediate, intervene.

Mehikan, Mexico (country).

Mehiko, Mexico (city).

meid, meadow, pasture.

meil, meal, flour.

meilad, meekness, gentleness.

jneiladal, courtesy, urbanity,
benignity, affability, meek-
ness.

■meiladik, meek, gentle mild

melladon, to soften, temper.

■mei\a.teda,m, meal-commerce ;
flour-shop.

meilel, meal-grocer, flour-mer-
chant.

mein, mining.

3ncjn8p, mine.

meit, maggot

mek, make, making.

mekaA, might, power, force,
violence.

mekadum, compelling, constrai-
ning.

mefcadik, mighty, powerful,
vehement, violent.

msksidon, to compel, force ne-
cessitate, constrain.

mekel, maker, accomplisher.

mekils., mighty, potent

Meklenbug, Mecklenburgh.

mekoi, vehemence.

mefcofik, vehement, fierce

mekbl jroZon, alarm-clock.

mekou, to make, do

mekbn galori., to wake, awake
(somebody).

mekoTi pofUdik, to utilize, make
use of, make profitable.

mel, sea.

mela . . . (melik), sea-.

mel adriattk, the Adriatic Sea.

mel agaik, the Aegean Sea.

melak, conversation.

melafcapel, ofiicer in the Navy,
Sea-officer

melakon, to converse.

meZan, seaman, sailor, naviga-
tor, sea farer,

mel atlantik, the Atlantic, the
Atlantic Ocean (sea).

mela.vega,xii, navigation.

mel baltik, Baltic Sea.

meled, pan-caka.

melel, sailor.

melid(-am), merit.

melidik, meritorious.

melidiik, meridorious praise-
worthy.

melidbn, to merit, deserve.

melik, see mela . . .

melod, melody

melodik, melodious

melon, to salt, pickle.

Melop, America.

Melopel, American.

melopik, American.

melopon, to americanize.

mem, memory.

memik, memorial.

membn, to remember, call back
to memory.

134

GBAMMAE, OF VOLAPUK.

men, man, li'timan being.

menad, mankind, human-kind.

menadik, human, of mankind

menal, humanity, kindness,
benevolence

nienalik, humane, kind, bene
volent, tender, sympathizing
compassionate, mercifiiL '

menasot, tribe, race, family,
race of men.

xaennYedam, incarnation.

jnenik, human.

menod(-am), correction.

menodei, corrector.

menodik, corrective.

menodoTi, to correct.

mens, men, human-beings,

menum, nicer person.

menvLTa, the nicest person, the
most excellent man, the
■worthiest human-being.

meniip, age of man.

meot, melon,

mesed, salary, wage{s),

mesed&jn, recompense, rewart.

mesedbn, to pay ; reward, "re-
compense.

Mesial, Messiah (Christ).

Mesopotan, Mesopotamia,

mestit, Mestizo.

mesiil, measure, regulation.

met, meter (french measure).

metafer, metaphor.

metafiisig, metaphisio.

metal, metal.

metalskn, metallurgy.

metaZel, metallist.

metalik, metallic, of metal,

metalon, to metallize.

meug (tikski), mind, propensity,
inclination.

meugik, inclined, disposed.

meugon, to have a mind to.

to be or to, feel inclined or
disposed.

meyel, farmer.

meyelop, farm.

meyen, manor.

mi, wrong.

mi .... , mis . . . . , dis ....

miad, mete, limit, mark, boun-
dary.

Tnzarfam, demarcation.

mid, flesh (of the body).

midal, carnality, sensuality.

midaiik, carnal, sensual, lecher-
ous, lustful, lewd, lividinous,
lascivious.

midum, see dimidam.

midik (mitik), fleshy.

midoTi, to massacre, devour,,
slaughter, kill, murder.

mied, frontier.

miedik, frontier —

mied'6a, to limit, bound.

miel, honey.

mieldJceh, sweet cake.

mielevdk, honey-comb,

mielik (lesvidik) as sweet as,,
honey.

mien, red-lead.

mienik, of red-lead.

mig(-am), intermixture, mix-
ture.

migab, mongrel.

miganip, megrim.

mi^eSik, abused, wrong.

mi^ebon, to abuse.

miglam, kilogram (Kg) (French
measure).

migon, to mix, blend.

mik, humility.

Mikael Michael.

mitapaliib, misunderstandings
misconception.

m/fcik, humble.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPillC.

135

jnikoji, to humiliate, humble.
■mikonfid, want of confidence,

mistrust, suspicion.
raikonfidoTi, to mistrust, suspect,

doubt, distrust,
mil, thousand.

milag, miracle, prodigy, wonder.
milagskm, admiration.
milagi^, miraculous, -wonderful.
milagni^, see lumilagnik. ,
milagon, to admire.
Milan, Milan.
raildil, thousandth part,
mileg, butter.
milegataJ, buttercask.
milegon, to butter.
inilel, number (of) thousand.
mzVelos, the, a or per thousand.
milia,A = 100 mzVion = 10.000

tumion,
milidi, thousanth.
mz'fidna, the thousandth time.
mi'Zidno, for the thousandth

time.
milidiO, in the thousandth place.
milig, milk,
miligapin, cream,
miliga/jmik, creamj'.
miligai-af, whey,
miligauarik, wheyey.
miligel, milker.
miligik, milky.
miligon, to give milk (to milk,

teton).
milik, thousandfold.
milion, thousandth power of

Ja/ion (million)=bals tumion.
milit, army.
miliial, military spirit.
miliian, army-corps.
milit A, military chief, general,

commander in chief (of an

army).

militfm, armoury, martial law.

militemils.. See militik.

militi\, military (adjective).

miljncf, kilometer.

milnsi, thousand times.

maVnalik, thousand times repeat-
ed.

m?7nik, cf thousand sorts

milmko, in thousand ways.

milno, for the thousandth time.

milo, devilish!

milon, to multiply by a thou-
sand.

min, mineral.

mina,Y, mineralogy.

mmavik, mineralogio.

jnmavel, mineralogist.

mined, ore-foundery.

Mingelan, Mingrelia.

mimk, mineral (adj).

minut, minute.

minutik, at every minute (every
moment) repeated.

Minyo, Minho.

miot, dirt, ordure, dung.

mioi&, dirty.

mioion, to dirt.

■miplidi\ displeasing.

vniplidm, to displease.

mipukon, to misspeak, mistake
or err in speaking.

misal,' misery, need.

OTzsafad, mercy, compassion.

misala,dik I mercyful, compass-
ionate.

masoZadon, to have mercy(upon).

misalik, miserable, wretched,
pitiful, lamentable.

mif, meat, butcher-meat.

mit&l, butcher.

mitelon, to butcher, slaughter,'
kill.

miteloTp, slaughter-house.

136

GRAMMAll OF VOLAPUK.

mitea, butchery, butcher'ashop.

mtrik (midik), fleshy,

miton, to cut off flesh, carve

the meat, chop meat,
mo, begone, move, gee-ho, shift,

forward (mofo).
mo . . . ., .... away,
mo! away! begone! gee up!
mo poly. . . . (mSd& . . . .,

modi , . . .)
moaf, mole, mould-warp,
mob, proposal,
mob, piece of furniture.
mo6m, absence.
moVon, to propose.
mobm, to furnish,
mod, manner, way, mode,

method, course.'
mod, multitude.
mods, . . ., poly. . ., {See mo .-. .)
modaxo., augmentation, increase,
modarawm, majority.
mSdaper&&, polygraphy.
modapenajAel, polygraph,
mocfapenadik, polygraphic.
mo&/(o), to-morrow.
model, augmenter.
moi^eZik, of to-morrow, for to-
morrow.

modi, poly (See mo ....).

morfik, numerous, many,
morfikna, many times, often.
modiko, in a manifold or plural

way.
modikxxm., more.
mo(Zikumiks, several, many

more,
roorfikiin, most (pM);
wMkiino, for the most part,

for the greater part.
modiaeplarak, of more than one

meaning or signification,
modna. See mSdikna.

modnik, of many sorts, many
manifold, plural.

modo, in .... way; in ....
manner, in . . . method (with
1st case).

modo, much.

modon, to augment, in crease.

tnodag, See ra6Asnu7n.

modixkstm, multiplication.

modvikei, multiplier.

modiikoa, to multiply.

TOodiimiks, morethan .... sev-
eral (ans).

raodunon, to put away.

mof, motive, cause ; instigation.

mo/el, driver.

mo/ih, omnibus, buss.

mofik, continually, lasting,

jRoflarak, multilateral.

mofo, away.

mofo! away! begone! (mo!,

yi!).

mof on, to drive on, put away,

mog, hazel, hazel-tree.

mog, possibility.

mo5'a5tc? (Grammar:), Subjunct-
ive mood (-la),

mogik, possible.

mog'of. See kosit.

mo^o/(-am), going away.

mo^oZon, to go away.

mogon, to be possible.

mo^oreon, to run away, walk
away.

mo/Kfon, throw away, pour out,

mok, preparation.

nxokomon, to come away.

mofcon, .to prepare.

mol, gentleness, affability, com-
plaisance.

rabl, navy.

molad, fashion(-klota??M)f).

moladel, milliner.

GRAJTMAR OF VOLAPUK.

is;

mola£k, modem, new.

moladoTk, TO modernize.

Uoldar. iloldau.

Moldat^ii, MolAa-ria.

i«oGk, complaisant, affable,
gentle, meek.

»i9&k, of the navy.

molin, (Mo), molybdena.

molod. murder.

rao/ixSl, mind for mnrdering,
thirst of hlood. blood-thirsti-
ness.

tnoiM&lik, hlood-thirsty^.

malodel, mnrderer.

molodSk, mnrderons, barbarons.

iiwlodoa, TO murder.

moltin, mortar.

Moluks, Moluccas.

mon, money.

mon, wall.

mona/on,to sail off, diiTe away.

monak, monarchy.

munaJcei. monarch

monaJcik, monarchal.

flional, covetoTisness, ararice.

tn^nalan, miser, niggard.

nionalik, covetous, greedy, avari-
cious.

nionalSn, to be greedy, scrape.

uionam, coining, stamping of
coin.

moned(-am), admonition es-
horcation, advice.

monedel, exhorter.

monedon, to exhort, admonish
warn, caution, advise.

fRonel, mason, bricUager.

numik, pecuniary, money —

monit. ride, course.

monitajtai), horsemanship.

raoiuJel, horseman.

fROnitem, troop of horse.

BunUlea, cavalry, horse.

monton, to ride, mount, break

(a horse).
mono, in money,
monc^am, monogram.
»i«n5n, to coin, mint, stamp,
monon, to build a wall, to

mason,
monop, monopoly.
montial, knighthood,
montiel, knight, chevalier.
tttontielik, knightly.
nu>nAe25f, knightliness.
mop .... (mopoV.).
m^op .... (mopol !).
mop2aii5n, to propagate, spread,
mopcion, to carry away.
mop«Hk,
mor. Moor.
Moran, Mauritania.
morik. Moorish.
Mosel. Moselle
!Moskav, Moscow.
mos<g), prioress.
mo$t^f»l, progressive mind,
mosfgnk, progressional.
mostepon, to prt^ress.
niosuJu(-am), taking away(sum).
mosumSn, to take away, lift,

(sumon).
mot, (ji-iat), mother,
mot, mam, mamma
mo&l, maternal love, motherly

love,
niotan, mother-country.
moTajiii, mother-tongue.
Tuotav, departure,
motacon, to depaxT.
motel, moTher's-fether (grand-

fether on mother's side).
modk Qi-jaOk), motherly.
DMiof, birth.
moton, to brii^ forth, be brought

to bed, deliver, be lying in.

138

GEAMMAB, OF VOLAPUK.

mil, like, taking after,

mub, mulberry.

mubaizm, mulberry-tree.

mucut, mule.

mud, mouth.

ffltj(Zik,Terbal,oral,by the mouth.

miid, softness.

miid&va, softening.

mu(Kk, soft.

mudTl, little mouth.

mudo, verbally, orally [sago).

mudoi, verbalism.

mvdoTi, to suit the taste.

miidon, to soften.

mued, dumbness, muteness.

miied, softness, tenderness.

muedSl, tenderheartedness

(zadal).

muedsxa, getting dumb.

miied&m, getting tender.

muedik, dumb, mute.

iniiedik, meak, tender, soft.

inuedon, to get dumb

miedoTi, to make soft or tender.

inuefon, to pull, snatch.

muf, motion.

miif, portable or stationary
engine.

«m;^al (m«/amal) emotion.

mufam, moving.

jKw/ik, movable.

mu/lik, uncertain, loose, chang-
ing, careless.

mufbn, to move, cause to move.

mufon, to stir.

mug, mouse.

mugon, to catch mice,

mtifc, discretion, modesty.

miikik, discreet, modest.

mul, month.'

mvil, mill.

mulasfora, mill-stone.

mUle\, miller.

muli^' monthly.

miiloji, to mill; to be miller >

mum, mummy.

mumik, mummylike.

mun, moon.

miin, ore.

7?!tma, moon —

miinaseJ, mine-pit, mine.

■mwndel, Monday.

■mandelik, Monday —

mun&Zo, on Monday(s).

mumk, moon —

manik, of oro, metallic.

miip, vaccination ; ingrafting,

inoculation.
miipoji, to vaccinate, ingraft,

inoculate,
mur, murmuring, grumbling.
murik, peevish, grumbling,
muron, to murmur grumble,
miir, miimbling.
miiroTi, to mumble, mutter,
musam, entertainment, convers-
ation (discourse).
7nusam'6n, to entertain,
musif, mosaic,
musig, music.
musigadmel, music-seller.
musigafoliit, quart (music i).
musigajdliji, octave (music c).
musigel, musician.
musigon, to make music,
musof, muse,
mut, compulsion,
mut, (the) being compelled to,

constraint.
miitaJtcZ (Grammar), Gerund^

gerundium.
mutin, mustard,
muton, to compel, constrain

oblige.
mJitSn, must, ought, to be

obliged.

GRAMMAU OF VOLAPUK.

139

H".

na (before fowels: nag) after
(that).

.... na times,

nab, narrowness.

naiani, narrowing.

nabik, narrow.

nnJon, to narrow.

nad, needle.

nad, fir- wood.

naed, once, (time(s)).

naf, ship, vessel.

nafaJj'm, mast.

nafaccm, cabin.

nafaZiVam, skylight.

no/am, navigation.

na/an, pilot.

nafel, skipper, captain, ship-
master.

nafen, navigation, shipping.

nafik, navigable.

na/il, little ship, small vessel.

nafin, sail.

nafot, navigableness.

nafoTi, to navigate, sail.

nag, See na.

nag(-en), sewing.

nagacin, sewing-machine.

na^on, to sew.

nak, anchor.

inJc'dm (kom), arrival.

naHmon, to arrive.

nofcon, to anchor.

nal . . . ., — after, — again ;
(po , pos ).

nam, hand.

nam, strength, power.

namafci^f, kiss-hand.

namal, strong hand, power,
(person).

namal, power of the mind.

namscm., handling, use.

namat, manufacture.

nama?e^, glove.

naniA, workman, worker, la-
bourer.

mamik, hand —

namik, strong, powerful.

namon, to handle, use, manage
maintain.

nambn, to strengthen.

niimn, by force of; in virtue of.

namnn, handicraft, profession,
trade.

nan .... (nanam !)

nanam, reimbursement.

nanamoxL, to reimburse.

Nasan, Nassau.

nat, nature.

nat, native simplicity.

nazal, naturalness.

na<av, natural philosophy, phyp-
ics.

noZavik, physical.

natem, breath.

natemon, to breathe.

narik, natural.

nadk, naive, ingenious.

natin (Na), natrium.

natou, to naturalize, endenizen.

natum, natron.

naud, loathing, nausea.

naudik, loathsome, naiiseous.

naudm, to loathe, nauseate.

naval, navwal, sea-unicoin.

ne . . . . (negative prefix).

Neapolis, Napels.

neb, next, side,

neba . . . ., side -

nebacem, side-room, side-apart-
ment, (lucem).

140

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

nebad .... (nebarfom!).

nebacZm, bymatter; secondary
business.

nebac/om, second house (second
sbop, second-office, branch-
office).

neba/u^, by figure.

nebanj flowing, flood, flux.

nehanon, to flow.

nebe/e!i!ik, unattaokable.

nebel, valley, vale, dale.

nehemed, being withoutfortune,
not being monied.

nebemerfik, not rich.

ne?)«nod(5a£fod),villany, wicked-
deed.

nebesien, purity, immaculated-
ness.

nebesfereik, unspotted, pure im-
maculate

Txehin, unexistence, the not-
being.

neblamik, unblamable.

nebo, by-the-bye; in a hurry.

nei'6\ be off!, on this side!

neJoserik, noiselessly, quietly,
silently.

nebuko, external.

necod, injustice.

necodik, unjust.

ned, need.

nedan, unthankfulness, ingrati-
tude.

Nedan, the Netherlands.

n:dcine\, Dutchman.

nedoreik, ungrateful, unthank-
ful.

nedanik, Dutch, Holland —

nef^anSf, ingratitude.

Tiedei, innocence.

necfeftal, faultlessness,innoeence.

nedehik, faultless, innocent.

Tiedeil (lif), life.

nedeilik, immortal.
nedeiloi, immortality.
ne(fefc^mof,(G-rammar:)undeclin-

ableness.
nedel (neit), night.
nedelik, nightly, nocturnal.
nedelidik, cheap, not dear.
nedelidoi, cheapness
nedelo, atnights, through the

night.
nedet, lefthand.
■aedefai, lefthandedness.
ne&^alik, lelfthanded.
neierik, left.
Tuedeto (nedferiko), (at the) left,

at the lefthand side.
■aedetu, to the left of.
nedik, needy, indigent, poor.
neditut, atom.
nedisin, planlessness.
nerfismik, planless.
nedistuk, indestructibility.
nedistakik, indestructible.
ned6n, to need, want, require.
nedun[-a.m), leaving aside,
net^unon, to leave behind.
nedut, slowness.
■aedutik, slow, dull,
neduton, to be slow, dull, to

loiter, idle,
nef, nephew.

nefik, of (a) (the) (my) nephew,
ne/ecenik, unexchangeable ; not

to be confounded,
ne/enik, indefatigable, unwear-
ied.
nefied, infidelity.
nefiedik, unfaithful, faithless.
nefiedbn, to be faithless, grow

unfaithful.
ne/if ik, free of fever,
nefikul, easiness.
ne^fcuZik, easy, not difficult.

GRAMMAR OV TOLAFnK.

141

■aejin. endlessness, infinity, in-
finitude.

ne/init, endless, infinite.

ne^nirik, infinitiTe (verbnm).

nenno, infinitely, greatly.

aeflen, enemy

ne/?(fn5l, hostilitv.

ne^enalit, hostile.

ne/enik, unfiriendly, inimical,
envious.

ne/fiion, to be nnfiriendly to-
wards somebody, treat in a
hostile manner.

ne/omam, disfiguring.

ne/OBiit, disfigured, deformed.

ne/Sin, indefiniteness.

ne/trniik, indefinite.

ncgeo. no where.

negelo, never, nevermore.

n^iT. injustice, \rrong.

neyjifik, unjust, unrighteous.

neif. knife.

Xeil, :?sile.

neila/foai, hippopotamus.

neiSk, Xilatic.

neit, (nedel). night.

neita^afel, night-'watch. watch-
man.

n«i<(al, obscure person.

neit cunaftfymOjShrove-Tuesday.

neidk (deoEefik). nightly no*--
tumal.

neiako, noctumally.

neiVo, at n%ht, through the
night, by night.

n^iiron, to get dark.

nejalepik, lukewarm.

n^enak, shameless.

ne/iemSf, shanie!essness.

ne/onik, ugly, not beantifdl.

ne/uiik, without shoes, bare-
footed.

nek, nobody.

neitopalnof, unintelligibleness.

neW. (sonlil). grand-son.

neUk, nobody's.

nekleil, indistinctness.

neX-!ei2ik, indistinct.

Txeklod, unbelief.

nei:2o(fik, unbelieving.

nei-K<flik, incredible.

netonsido, in spite of, nc t with-
standing.

netonsidn, notwithstanding

neW*/, turbidness.

ne£/u&k, turbid.

neZ'osdmik, tmaccnstomed, un-
usual, uncommon.

neiioten, discontentedness.

neto/enik, discontented.

neliiZ/rop. wilderness.

nel . (neiiim'K

nelah, want., abstinance. priva-
tion, absence

nelih. unhappiness, misfortune.

ne/a5ad, curse.

ne2a<&don, to swear, curse.

neZatik, unhappy.

neiaion, to want, miss.

netefton, to perish, meet withan
accident, suffer shipwreck.

ne^anim, ftintheartedness. in-
sipidity. siUiness, pusillani-
mity, fear, cowardliress .
timidity, cowardice.

ne/on^mik, insipid, silly, cow-
ardly, base.

neJetfik, pale, wan.

neledag, green-aickness.

ne/eo(fik, unorderly.

nele^tonik, unacceptable.

nelesuiBof, unacceptableness.

nefcft), fore.

nefc/6n, to prevent, hinder.

nel&n, elephant.

142

GRAMMAS OF ^'OLAfuK.

nel/anog, elephant-tooth, ivory,
neiifc, being unfree.
ne/ifcik, vinfree, unsafe.
neZj^ik, lifeless, dead.
nelifot, lifelessness.
Nelij, England.
nelyel, Englishman.
nelijik, English.
nelijon, to English.
nelisan, ignorance,
neiisanik, stuped, foolish, igno-
rant,
ne^q/ad, uncharitableness, -want

of loveliness.
nelofol, loveless.
nelogii., invisible.
neZo^of, invisibility.
nelonedo (neZonef^iko), lately,

some time ago, (hletimo).
nelovegioHk, intransitive.
nelum, dryness.
nelUm, thirst.
nelumapop, blotting-paper,
nefumik, dry.
neiamik, thirsty.
nelumon, to dry.
neZanion, to thirst,
nem, name.

nema/lik, immeasurable.
ne»ja/uk5n, to exaggerate,
nemain, denomination.
neOTec?amik(o), immediately.

direct
nemigik, unblended, unmingled,

unmixed,
nemik, named, called,
nemlonik, proper-name,
nemlik (paid), principally,

chiefly, especially,
iiemo, called, with the name

of....
r.emdb, immovables, real estate.
nemod, fewness.

noftorfik, few.
ne?norfo, little, not much,
neinorfiino, at the least,
nemof/ik, impossible,
nemon, to name, call, denomin-
ate, - style, term, mention,
spioify, nominate, designate,
nemii, in name of.
nen, without,
nena (notify, not once,
nendas, without (that),
nenewik, nameless,
nenzfedik, not interesting, un-
interesting.
ne)i(Vedlik, not interested, un-
interested,
nen meserfam, unrewarded, un-

recompensed.
nenoganik. disorganized, un-
systematic,
nenomoma/ik, irregular,
nenum (plumorf), numberless

quantity,
nenumik, numberless, innumer-
able,
nenumikna, innumerously often,
nenumflf, innumerousness.
neo, without,
nep .... [nepol !).
nepal, orphan,

nepeiuKyol, untilled, unbuilt,
nepeniafol, unmarried.
nepe?«ierf6l, unlimited,
nepesewik, unknown,
nepewofol, unchanged,
nepi'en, poorness.
nepin, meagerness, leanness.
nepofiidik, useless, needless.
nepoHk, faultless, without

mistakes, free of errors.
nep'ol, infallibility,
nepolik, infallible,
neponik, unpunished.

CUAMMAll OF VOLAPUK.

143

nepud, insubordinatioE, indisci-
pline.

nepud.; discovd.

nepurfik, insubordinate, know-
ing no discipline.

nepudik, discordant.

Taepued, lewdness, incontinence.

nspuediV, unchaste, immodest,
lewd, incontinent.

nepiik, taciturnity.

nepiik'dn, to be silent.

nes, without .... ing, (present
participle of the verb).

nesan, mischief, harm.

nesanik, mischievous, causing
harm.

nesanlik, unhappily; wickedly,
unwholesome.

nesatel, glutton, one never sa-
turated.

nesatlik, uneated.

nesavik, unsavable.

nesgmop, nowhere.

nesemopa, from no place.

nesenik, insensible

nesi'am, denial.

ne«jamik, denying, negative.

neseamikos, the negative.

nesi'el, refuser

nesjelik, refusing, negative.

nesiSa, to deny, gainsay, dis-
avow; to refuse, renounce.

neslip, sleeplessness.

nesmeZik, without smell, scent-
less

nesterfik, not right.

nestim, (nestUm), contempt, dis-
esteem.

nesHmik (nestumik), contempt-
uous, disdainful.

nestimbn, to despise.

nestu, notwithstanding, in spite
of.

nesuemik, incomprehensible, in-
conceivable.
aesun, late, not soon, not early,
net, nation.

netdlenik, not talented.

ne^am, population.

netSisgit, law of nations.

netdisgitik, according to the law
of nations.

ne^at, nationality.

weak, national.

ne^ifcalnel, layman.

netip, bluntness, obtuseness.

netipik, blunt, obtuse.

netotodik, free of duty, not
subject to the imposition of
customs, toll-free.

neton, to naturalize.

neiug, vice, mischief.

netuv, missing, wanting.

metuvon, to miss, want.

neud,(Grrammar)neutral gender,

neudai, neutrality, impartialit}".

neudik, neutral, impartial.

neudon, to neutralize.

ney, nerve, sinew.

nev&flf, nervine fever, typhus.

nevelad, lie, untruth.

neveladi\., liar.

nevdad&Vik., disposed to lie.

neveladik, untrue, false.

neveladQji, to lie, utter falsehood .

uevelat, untruth.

nevelatik, untrue, false.

nevelo, never.

neveUtik, insignificant.

neuz/ik, slowly.

nevifoi, slowness.

nevik, nervous.

nevil(-sija), refusal.

newYon, to refuse.

newo ! excuses !

nezed, continuance, endlessness.

144

GEAMMAE OP VOLAFUK.

ne^erfik, incessantly.

nezesiicKk, needless, superflu-
ous, useless, redundant.

ni . . . (nil . . .), ad . . ., ap . . .

ni . . . ni . . . , neither . . . nor . , .

nib, licking.

nibel, sweettooth.

nibik, lickerisli.

nibof, lickerishness, daintiness.

nilon, to eat sweeties

nid, lustre, brilliancy.

Nidan, India.

Niddnik, Indian,

nidanone/j/ik, Indo-Bnglisk.

nirfes . . . ., in ... .

nidian, Indian

mrfik, brillianb, radiant, res-
plendent, bright.

nidin (Id), indium.

nidon, to glitter, dazzle.

nieg, nickel.

niegin (Ni), nickel.

niegoa, to nickel

nil, snow.

miafal, snowfall.

nifal, pureness, neatness.

ni/alik, pure, neat.

nifaftm, winter,

nifaftmik, winterlike.

nifaioni, torrent of snow.

nifik., snowy.

nifon, to snow.

nifos, it snows, it is snowing.

nig, ink.

nigik, ink — (adj).

Nigizan; Nigritia.

nik .... (onikos !).

nil, proximity, vicinity.

nil ... . See ni . . . .

nilaxa, approach.

nilel, neighbovir.

nz7elik, neighbouring.

nilik, near.

n27ikun(o), nearest.

nilo, (adv) near, in the prox-
imity.

nilon, to approach, draw near.

nilvL, (prep), closer, nearer.

?j;7u, (pre), near, closeto.

nilud, opinion, idea.

niludam, meaning.

niludim, to fancy, presume,
think, suppose.

nzViino, (adv) the nearest.

jwYiinu (prep, in the superlat-
ive), the nearest.

nim, animal.

(M'maf, ma,mmal.

mmafc5n, to suckle.

nima/««, carrion.

ntmaia, brutalization.

nJmav, zoology.

nimexn., menagery.

nmik, animal, beastly.

nimon, to brutalize.

nin, including.

nin . . . , in . . im . . . (nii . . ")

mnsklised, register of contents.

ninrfzYam, participation.

nina!ufc(-am), importation, in-
troduction.

■aindukorL, to import, introduce.

nin/«CT6n, (of rivers :; to fall
into, run into.

m'nik, inclusive.

niniko, enclosed, inclosed.

ninkikon, to inclose, lock in.

ninkldmon, to put between
brackets, use the parenthesis.

nin^d're, inland.

ninKnel, inlander.

ninZanik, inland —

ninlem, purchase, bargain.

ninZemon, to purchase, buy,
cater.

mnlodel, inmate, inhabitant.

GRAJOIAB OP TOIAPUK.

145

niiuuiteaiiSii, to inhale.

nihSf, caqpacitj, contents.

nino£k, — of capacit;-.

innSfo, — of contenrs.

nmSfon (ninio^n, rliVlon^. to
contaun, include. *

ninocojr, lidllowness.

ninoco^, hoUowne^, empti-
ness.

ninoco^ik. hoUow. emptr

ninoca^rng, hoUowness, empti-
ness,

ninmw^, riiinel.

imigped, impression.

niqiMdSn, to impress.

nii^pe'on, to prepay (money).

mnjaenad, snperseription. h&td.

lamsad, iT^ertion.

ninsii<&m. pl.ioius, T;\idiig in
employment.

jdnsed, importation, sending in.

ninseiM, importer, cme who
sends in.

ninse<£}n. to import, send in.

oinseiitSn, to pnt in.

ninsAmSn, to stand in.

ninsn^Sn, to snck in. imbibe.

ninstfiM, receipt.

ninAmon, to bind.

mnsed, inward.

inmynmon, to insert.

Biobin (Hb), niobinm.

ms, therein, herein, thereby.

nisnsfon, to lie near hand.

nis«i(6n, to lay near hand.

nisfonon. to be near.

nisnl, isle, island.

nuHfel. islander.

■HBiifik, of an island.

ntsHfil. islet.

Xisnls tcorik, Azores.

nit . . . (monit!, pSnit!)

sited, interest, concern.

nite£k, interesting.

mVcdlik, interested, concerned.

nitedSn, to interest.

nivei. nmyersity.

no, no; not-

no . . . noble —

no. not mneh, not Terr, not

particularly, not very well.

not easily.
noiit, note, banknote.
noaiSn, to write a banknote,
nob. nooless. dignity, ffreatnes;

of mind,
no&al, generosi^.
no ioZna, not once.
nobasAvn, precious stone.
nobSston. jewel,
nobastonel, jeweller,
nobasftmon, to be jeweller.
fi.rel. .Nr baoneL
noftik, noUe, generous.
',i?-oii. to ennoble,
nod . . . (feAmod !)
noe . . . ioi. not only. . . but als:>.
nod, witness.
noehau, declaration.
MoeGk, of the witwess (es).
HotlasL, TO bear witness, testify,

attest, declare,
noeffid. testimony.
no eslmffil, unstudied.
noet. note, remark.
Hoeiau, to note, take a note of;

remark.
nof(-am), affiront. insult.
nq/hlo. not further, no more,
no/el, affronter, insulter.
no&on. to affiont, instilt.
nog, yet; no nog, not yet.
nogan, organ.
nogamk. organic.
noganoa, to organize.
nog, egg.

10

146

GBAMMAR 01? VOLAPuK.

nogik, oval;

nogin (N), azote.

noginik, azotic.

nogon, (of hens and birds:) to

lay (eggs),
noin (No), norium.
nok, rapping, knocking,
nok, uncle,
nokeb, neck, throat.
«6fce6a'el, mane (of a horse,

lion &c).
nokebaifcM/, neck-cloth.
nokehaliidi, hoarseness.
nofceJaliidik, hoarse,
noked, tie, cravat.
TOoifcon, to knock, rap.
nol, knovrledge.
noZav, the knowing.
n61ed(-am), infection,
noledasm, original sin.
noledik, infective, infecluous,
noledon, to infect.
nolel, learned man.
jioZelik (pefe'rfol), learned.
noZigik, worth knowing.
nolik, scientific.
nolo, wilfully, premeditately.
noiai, eruditeness.
no l6/oh-li, do I not love? do

I not like?
»offilik, wilful.
nololo, willingly.
nolQjx, to know,
noliid, North, the North.
Noludarfeuf. North-Germany.
Noludafcep, North Cape.
NoludameZ, North-Sea.
NoliidameZop, North-America.
NoliidH-n, the North, the North-
ern Countries.
NoliidareetZan, North-Nether-

land.
nolMik, northern.

noKlefiid, north-east.

noMefudik, north-eastern.

noluuedl, northward.

jLolvivesi'A, north-west.

nolnvesiidik, north-western

horn, rule.

nom . . . (konom!).

nomam, regulation.

nomat, regularity, normality.

nomik., normal.

nomoA, mentioning.

no miidikum, no more, no larger

quantity.
nomomaf, regularity.
nomomafih, regular,
momon, to rule, order, regulate.
non(no5m), the not being,
noned. denial
nonel, denier,
nonelik, denying.
nomk, none.

non6i, nothingness, nullity.
nonUn- to deny.
n<5p . . . (glenop\)
noplu, not more (See no mod-

ikum),
Norman, Normandy.
Norvegan, Norway.
Norvegdnik., Norwegian,
nos, nothing,
raosam. annulmemt.
nosanwm, nought,
nosanwmon, to annul,
raosel, nuUifier.
nosik, good for nothing.
nosiZaiel, poor person, one thas

possesses nothing,
noslik, good for nothing,
nosdn, to annul,
noson, to put out, quench,

extinguish,
not, information,
not, nut.

GRAMMAR OF YOLAPfiK.

147

notsAim, nut-tree.

flofad, manifestation, ii^orma-
tion.

notam, Nota Bene, N.B,, ob-
serve ■well.

nofed, remark, note.

noleddn, to remark, mind, ob-
serve.

notei, acqnainter, publisher,
informer.

notj^ (neiui). not a sii^letime,
not once.

nodk, kno'wn, public.

notik, niittr.

noflik, a^nvre. informed, con-
scious, acquainted

nofodf-am). annonncejuent.

ijoten, to suanounce.

notuf, note (sound in music).

note/el, composer.

notu/elon, to compose

Xovaisan, Zembla >voTa.

nooej^o (leno), not at all, bv
no means.

noceZo^, uutrutt.

noviet, (the noble white).

noi-o-li?. not true? not so?

novul, November.

noculii., Xorember. —

nil. now,

nu . . . (nul . . . new . . .

nn. &r lenu.

Xnban, Xubia.

Xubanei, Nubian.

nud, nose.

nnd. nakednsK. bareness.

nuda'on. rhinoceros.

nM<£Ll, selfconceit,

nut&lik, conceited.

nidam, denudation.

RM<fik, of the nose.

nutfik, naked, bare.

nudZanon, to intrude, penetrate.

nudod, handkerchief.

nu<25n, to speak through the
nose.

nuf, roof.

nti/iun, higher roof.

nu/un (f^un), gable-roof.

nug, hook,

Xugan, Hungary.

iS'u<7anel, Hongarian.

Xuganik, Hongarian —

ntigenel, engineer.

nu^on, to hook.

n.uik now, at the present day,
at this time.

Tsnjohin. Xew-Seotland.

nul. newness.

nul(-am). approach.

nuia . . . (nu/o . . .), new-, Xew. —

nuZab, newhand, novice.

ntiZam. renewal, renovation.

nulayeZ, ^Jsewvear.

nuiik, new.

nulio. lately, a littleago. just,
not long since.

nuio . . . 5i?t' niiia . . .

»u25f, newness, novelty, re-
centness.

nuloyiiHk, New-Greek.

nuion, to renew, renovate.

n«Ion, to approach.

Nulorfean, New-orleans.

nnlud, food, nourishment, nu-
triment, aliment.

nulud, victuals; lively-hood.

nulidam, feeding.

nuludajn«d, article, means, or
instrument for feeding.

nuliel&t (da<2t«top), boarding-
school.

nuZudSf, nourishingness.

milSddn, to nourish, feed.

nillHd5f, boarding-house.

nu/ff<fik, nourishing.

148

GRAMMAU OF VOLAPUK.

niilut(-am), bringing up.

nuluten, breeding.

milut6n. to breed, bring up.

num, mumber ; numeral.

niim, number, numero.

numal, teller, counter.

numaKk, numeral —

niim&m, telling, counting up.

ni/mat, figure, cipher.

numav, arithmetics.

numSLvod, numeral word.

mim&l, integer (of a fraction).

NumidS,n, Numidia.

Nu/nidamk, Numidian.

finmlik, numerable.

nttraon, to count, tell, number.

nun, news, notice.

niin, explanation, communica-
tion.

n«nal, messenger.

nimam, communication, an-
nouncement.

nimeU messenger.

n«nik, communicative.

mino, (adv), as communication.

n«nod, intelligence, inform-
ation.

ntmodel, informer.

nunodon, to make known, an-
nounce, let know, inform,
communicate.

nunSn, see nunodBn.

niinon, to inform of, announce.

mmu, (prefix with nominative:)
asa notice, as communication
as announcement.

niip , . . . . (meiiiip !)

jmtlid, entrance.

niitlidainon, price of a ticket
for admission, entree-money.

niitlidon, to enter.

NuZuyan, Newfoundland.

Nu?i(i''inel, Newfoundlander.

Nuitiuanik, Newfoundland,

o! o! oh!

o ! . . . (mark of the vocative,
or fifth case), o!

o , (prefixed mark of the

first futuretense of the active
verbs).

... 0, (afiBxed mark of the ad-
verb).

6! ah!

6 . . . . (et), just.

ob, I.

0. b. (=:osbinos), i. e (id est),

that is.
oia, my; mine
o6as, (obsa), our, of us.
o6e, me, to me.
oJel, the.
obes to us.

oH, me (fourth case).
oJik, See ob.
oiika, singular 2nd
oJikas, plural 2nd
oMke, singular 3rd \^ „
oiikes, plural 3rd i , .,
oJiki, singular 4th ]
oftikis, plural 4th '
oftikof (ji-obik), my, mine (fe-
minine),
oiikos (os-obik), mine (neuter),
ojiks, plural Ist case of obik.
obis, us (4th case).
obo, as for me, for my part.
ob6 ! in my behalf! for my sake.
obs, we.
o6sa. See obas
o6sik (obas, obsa), our.

OEAMMAB or VOLAPuK.

149

oftsika, singular 2nd

oisikas, plural 2nd

oJsike, singular 3rd I case

oftsikes, plural 3rd / of

oJsiki, singular 4th \ ohik.

oftsikis, plural 4th

oisiks, plural 1st

odelo, to-morrow

of, she.

of- .... , (particle placed before
nouns, denoting self-sustain-
ed women; for ex.-. of-ft'(7el,
ladyteacher (on the contrary
ji-tidel, wife of a teacher). )

o/a, her.

o/as, her, their (plural fern).

oi-at, this.

of-at (aiof), just this,

oi-bal, one (self-sustained).

oi-blod, sister (of charity).

oi-Monik, (unmarried) fair (wo-
man).

ot-hoblod, (unmarried) sister-in-
law.

waitress in a public

lady-president, lady-

oi-hotel,
room.

oi-cif,
chief.

of-danUde\, danceress, dancer.

of -(lominikti'n, dominican nua.

of-c?«nan, (unmarried) maid-
servant.

oi-diineX, maid, maid-servant.

q/e, toher (singular)

ofen. often.

ofenik, often repeated , manyfold

ofen penemSl, mentioned above
or before.

o/enumo, oftener.

o/enimo, oftcnest.

o/es, to her (plural).

ot-gadel, (unmarried) female
gardener.

oi.gam, bride of Christ, nun,

ot-^eK(el, (unmarried) heiress.

o/ik (o/a), (singular) her.

o/ika, singular 2nd case of
qfik.

o/ikas, plural 2nd case of
qfik.

o/ikof, hers, her.

o/ikos, her (for neutral sub-
jects).

o/ikosa, of her (for neutral
subjects).

o/iks, their (plural, feminine).

ol-jule\, scholar (girl).

of-kel {keloi), who, that (fe-
minine)

of-kim? (kif?j, who (unmar-
ried).

oi-kimik'i (kio/'ik?), what sort
of a (woman)?

oi-kiom'i which?

of-/ctoraale.<ton, (unmarried) heir-
ess to the throne.

ot-kosen, cousin (feminine)
(daughter of a brother or a
sister)

oi-kukel, kitchen-maid ; cook-
maid,

of-Za&el, (unmarried), pro-
prietress.

oi-laf&blod, See of-lublod.

oi-la/ason, See of-luson,

of-leson, princess.

of-lopel. See of-masel.

ot-lnblod, (unmarried) step-
sister.

oi-lapiikel, gossip, talkative
woman.

of-lu«o?i, (unmarried) step-
daughter.

oi-masel, mistress.

oi-matel, a kept mistress, con-
cubine.

150

GKAMMAU OF VOLAPUK.

oi-matiir, unmarried) martyr-
ess.

of-moterfel, (unmarried) milli-
ner.

of-na^el, sewing-maid.

of-nef, (unmarried) cousin
(daughter of an uncle or
an annt).

of-m6el, female sweettootli.

oi-nok, (unmarried) aunt.

of-n«nel, female messenger.

oi-pul, girl.

oi-pulik, girlislx.

of-rorfel, woman engaged in a
religeous order.

o/s, they (those women).

o/sik, her.

ofsiks, their (feminine).

of-sinel, female sinner.

oi-sol, mistress, commandress.

oi-son, (not-married) daughter.

of-spu/el, spinster.

of-sft'ifcel, embroiderer (fem).

of-te'afel, lady-teacher.

of-tiafiikel, washer-woman,

laundress.

oi-vige\, woman who works in
the house for one' day every
week.

of-an, a (unmarried).

oi-yim&l (vilgin), virgin.

ok, on's self.

ol, thou.

olsb, thine.

o/as (obsa), your (plural).

ole, to thee.

oZes, to you (plural).

oil, thou (4th case singular).

oZik (ola,), thine, thy.

case

of

olsik.

o/ika, singular 2nd. \
oHkas, plural 2nd. (
oSke, singular 3rd. I
oHkes, plural 3rd. )

case

of

olik.

oZiki, singular 4th. ) case of

oZJffis, plural 4th. ] olik.

oZikof (ji-oHk), your (feminine).

oZikos, your (neutral).

oHks, your (plural)

olis, you people (4th case plural).

olojfoh, I shall or will love,
I shall or will like.

oU, you people (plural).

ols& (olas), your,.of you people.

olsSs- (plas, oZsa) of you people,
your.

ofeika, singular 2nd.

oZsikas, plural 2nd.

oZsike, singular 3nd.

oZsikes, plural 3nd.

oZsiki, singular 4th.

oZaikis, plural 4th.

oZsikof, ji-olsik), your (feminine
plural).

oZsiks. pltiral 1st case of olsih,

Oliimpia, Olympia.

om, he.

oma, of him, his.

omas (omsa), of them, their's.

ome, him, to him.

omes, them, to them.

omi, him, (4th case).

omik, (oma), his.

omika, singular 2nd^

omikas, plural 2nd

omike, -singular 3rd '

omikes, plural 3rd

omiki, singular 4th

omikis plural 4th

omikof (ji-omik, of-omik), his
(for ex his : wife, sister, etc),

omikos, (os-omik), his (netiter).

omodel (ietoodel), day after to-
morrow.

oms, they (those men).

omsik (omas, omsa), their
(masc).

case

of

omik

GBAMJiAE OP VOLAPUK.

151

omaika., singular 2nd\

omsikas, plural 2nd I

omsike, singular 3rd / case

opibikes, plural 3rd } of

OOTsiki, singular 4th \ omsik

omsikis, plural 4th

omsiks, plural 1st '

omiUo, in next month.

on, one, somebody.

o»a, of somebody.

one, to somebody.

6ned, (prep :) subject to, under.

oneito, to-morrow night.

oni, somebody (4th case).

oni, downward, down.

oreik (ona), somebody's, of some-
body.

oreikof, somebody's (female,) or
feminine.

onikos, somebody's (neuter).

ojiiks, of some.

ons, you (polite for thou).

ansa., your, of you.

ojisas, your (plural).

onse, to you (singular).

onses, to you (4th case singular).

onsis, you (4th care plural).

onsik (onsa), (polite singular)
your.

onsika, of your (singular).

onsikas, of your (plural).

o»sikof(ji-onsik),your(feminine).

orasikos (os-o?isik), your (neviter).

orasiks, your (plural).

. . . op, (termination of the five
paxts of the world).

8p(o), locally (adverb).

. . . op, (termination of names
of towns.

opik, local (adjective).

Oran, Orange.

Orfeus, Orpheus.

OS, it.

... OS, (termination of the neu-
tral gender).

... OS, (termination of the opt-
ative).

osa, its, of it.

os-bal (bal-os), one thing
(neuter).

OS binos (o. b.), i. e., that is,
namely.

ose, in it,

OSes, in the things, in them.

os-et {etosj, that, that thing.

osi, it (fourth case).

osis, them, the things (4th case).

osik (osa), its, of it, of same.

osika, of its.

osikas, of their, of these things.

osike, to its.

osikes, to their, (neufer).

osiki, its (4th case).

osikis, (4th case plural), their.

osikof (ji osik), its (feminine).

osikos, its (neuter).

osiks, their, of their.

os-kel (kelos), that, which (neu-
ter).

os-keli, which, that (4th case).

os-o6ik (oJikos), my, mine (neu-
ter).

os-ot (otos), it, same.

ot (feminine: ji-ot, otoi), the
one, that.

. , . ot, (neutral termination,
with a, e, i, u) . . ing (-em,
collective nouns, dresses).

ot, just it, just the same.

ota, singular 2nd \

otas, plural 2nd J ^^^^

ote, singular 3rd ' ^

otes, plural 3rd i

oti, singular 4th ]

otis, plural 4th /

otik, the same (neuter).

152

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

otof, the same (feminine) (sin-
gular).

otofs, the same (feminine plural).

otois, just the same, just those
(feminine).

Oton, Antun.

otos (os-ot), the same, same.

otos, just the same (neuter).

ots the same, those (neuter).

ots, just the same, just those,
otul, October.
otula., of October.
otulik, like October,
ove, over, above (local),
ovti, above it (higher than that).
oyelo, next year, in the coming
year.

p (mark in all forms of

the passive: pa, pai . . . .)

pa ! woe ! alas !

pa ... . (prefix forthe passive
present tense): is.

pa ... , (prefix forthe passive
pluperfecttense) : was.

paan, panegyric, triumphal
song.

pab, butterfly.

pad (depad!, kopad!)

pad, parsonage (house), parish.

padel, priest, father, confessor.

piidel, parson, clergyman.

pddik, parishional.

padon, to take up in aparish.

pael, one parent, one of the-
parents (father or inother).

paf, peacock.

pag, village.

pag, paganism, heathenism.

pagel, inhabitant of a village,
village .

pagel, heathen.

pdgSs., pagan, heathenish,
heathen.

pagil, hamlet, little village.

pai . . . (aorist passive) : con-
stantly, permanently.

pain, larch-tree.

pflitup (Grammar:) aorist.

pak(-am), spreading.

pak, pack.

pafcam, packing.

pdkedL, packet.

pake&il, small packet.

pakel, spreader.

pakel, packer.

pdkem, goods, (packed stuff).

pcikeji, packing (the actof pac-
king).

pakil, parcel.

■pa.klud6n, to result, follow, in-
fer, determine, conclude.

pakon to spread.

pakon, to pack.

pal, couple of parents, pair,
parents.

pal , double.

pal(-am), production.

palad. Paradise; garden of Eden .

pMad ..'meadow, pasture-ground i

paladik, Paradisiacal.

pdladon, to graze.

pdlal, paternal love

paZam, coupling, pairing-

palaseuOn, (voladon), to be
worth avail, cost.

pali/Z, double-beer.

palei, relationship,

palefel, relation.

palefik, relational.

GllAMMAE OP VOLAPliK.

153

paZemajiSn, to remain, be left
over.

palet, partjj.

paletik, partial.

paletoi, partiality.

palik, parental.

palnik, coupled, paired.

paljium (Grammar;) dualis.

paWA)b, I am loved.

paZo/ob-li? am I loved?

paZq/bb-la, She was loved.

paW/ol, thou wert loved.

paZo/oni-li? was he loved?

paio/osos? may it be loved?

pal6^^, to couple, pair.

pcilo'a, to produce, cultivate.

palot, supplice(s;.

paliib . . , (mifcopalub !)

paluofcaZ, diphthong.

Palzan, the Paletinate.

pam, palm.

pam, essay.

jiamik, palm

pdmik.(y>epamb\) .

pan, pawn, pledge.

pan(en), painting.

panaxi, pawnbroker.

panel, pawner, pledger.

^dnel, painter.

panemon, to be called, named.

panon, to pawn, pledge.

pdnon, to paint ; to be painter.

panunon,to get informed, learn,
hear, betold,

pap, poiJe.

pap, papa.

joa/jik, papal.

papo/am, impoverishment.

papo/ore, to grow poor, impo-
verish.

papxCo, popery.

Par, Parcae, the Pates.

par . . . (Par !)

paradim, paradigm.

Paris, Paris (man).

Paris, Paris (city).

PdrisA, Parisian.

pasa^o! {sagbV), speak!

paserfel, ambassador.

pasei/b ! {seilb !) ! silent ! quiet !

hold your tongue!
pasfcanon, to take offence,
pat. speciality, particulaiity.
pat, patent.
Patagan, Patagonia.
PatagdnA, Patagonian.
Tjy&talcedo\ (takedb!), do not

bother, or break your head !

don't be afraid! be easy!
patik, particular, special,
patiko, jiartioularly, especially

principally.
^&tlodik (TpnUodo), comforted.
pa(Zod!o! (tlodol), be comforted!
pato, See patiko.
paton, to separate, specify,
plitbn, to patent.
Tpsitiep, present tense,
paiapik, presently, now-a-days.
pattip, imperfect tense,
paud, pause, interval,
paudon, to pause, demur,
paun, pound.

pauno, a pound, per pound,
pe, formerly, beforehand,
pe . . . (prefix for the passive

perfect tense.
peb, pulse.
Tpebal'ol, united.
pecaZel, officer, funtionary.
ped, press ; printing-press,
peciam, pressure; print, printing.
Tpedeiiilol, detailed.
pedon, to press; to print,
pe/anel, prisoner,
pe/anol, caught, captive.

154

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPilK.

pe^nol (pe^nik), ready, done,
accomplished, over, past.

po/?itad8l, pinioned, winged.

pe/unol, killed, dead.

pe/«raon (edeilSJi), to be dead.

peil, pea.

peilik, like peas(e) as a pea.

pein, pine (tree).

^emik,' pine-(adjective).

pejin, male pigeon.

■pekofiiJcol, ready, finished, made,
accomplished.

pekoszWol (pekoszacZik), com-
plicated, intricate.

'pekukik, enough boiled.

Tpehulivol, civilized, civil.

pel (-am), payment.

pelsl, paymaster, treastirer

peZammol, animated, encou-
raged.

pelasewolo, acknowledged.

pele^raZol, delighted.

pelel, payer.

"pelestimol, honoured.

Tpelestolol (suMmik), exalted,
sublime.

peZii/ik, beloved, loved.

peZo/ob, I have been loved.

pelon, topay; cover (expenses).

Pelopan, Peloponnesus.

petewol, isolated, left.

pem, mishmass, hodgepodge.

^emel, meddler.

penak, mixed up, meddled.

pemorik, born.

pen (bpda/pen), pen, nib, writ-
ing-pen.

penad, writing.

pen^Anmal, point or mark (in
writing or for punctuation).

penadan, secretary.

pen&dapen, writing-pen.

jpenadel, writer, author.

penadik (penado), written, in
writing.

penam, the writing, method of
writing.

penat(-em), sketching with the
pen.

penntcm, to sketch or draw with
the pen.

pendik, perpendicular.

pendul, pendulum,

pened, letter.

penedamafc, postage-stamp.

penedil, note.

penedo, per letter.

penedug, correspondence, col-
lection of letters.

penei, writer.

penera, writing materials

penik, feathered.

penil, feather.

penod, communication in writ-
ing.

penodoTi, to communicate by
writing, write (to somebody).

jsereon, to write,

penot, composition.

pensit, brush, pencil.

Pensulvan, Pensylvania.

pep, pepper.

pepamol, bound, sewn (of books).

pepik, peppery.

^eplepalol, prepared.

■pepUvilegik{-ol), privileged.

PeraSn, Persia.

persanel, Persian.

persanik, Persian (adjective).

Peruan, Peru.

perudmk, Peruvian.

pesawik, put by, safe.

pesecZel, missionary.

peseseZSl (pise«eZ8l), soldout, all
sold, sold to the last.

peseifinol, expanded, extensive.

GUAMMAE, OP VOLAPUK.

155

peseuam, proclamation, inform-
ation.

pesewel, acquaintance.

pesewik, known.

pese«o (adv.), as is known.

pet (pickeA), proberL, saying.

fetidol (raoZelik), learned.

■petidola.t, erudition, learning,

pe««p (Grammar :), perfect tense.

pez2S«mol, contained, inclusive.

pezaJmol, surrounded.

pi (vonik), before, in former
days, late, formerly.

pi . . . (prefix for the passive
pluperifect tense).

piamk, gradual.

piarako, gradually, regularly.

pianin, pianino.

pianofod, piano-forte.

picin, pitcb.

picinekflam&A, pitcb-toroh.

pid, pity.

pidon, to pity.

Piemotan, Piedmont.

Piemoidnel, Piedmontese.

pien, corpulence.

pienik, corpulent.

pif, marrow, , pitb.

pigit, woodpecker.

Pikardan, Picardy.

piktels, Pict.

pil . . . (lepil !)

pi . . .-la, would bave been . . . ed.

piZo/ob, I bad been loved.

pin, tbe fat, grease.

pinzxa, fattening.

pinamit, lard.

pimk, fat, greasy.

pinOTO., to fatten.

pip, (tobacco-)pipe.

pipon, to smoke a pipe.

pix-, pyramid.

pit, spice.

pink, pyramidical.

pitHk, spiced,

pit'o'n, to spice.

pitap, pluperfect tense.

pla, in stead of.

pla, (plb), except, besides.

plad, place.

plad, fur.

plad^, substitute.

plad2denunA, (news)paper with
advertisement for situations,
vacant places etc.

plad&ra. (iopam), placing.

plado ! place ! make room !

pladon., to place, put, set.

plaf, shyness.

pZa/ik, shy.

plaf on, to shun, eschew, avoid,
flee from.

plag(-am),practice.

plag(-am), exercise, practice.

plags^., practisant.

plag&\, practising (doctor, law-
yer, etc.)

plagVs., practical.

plagik, customary, usual, won-
ted, common.

plagon, to practise.

pldgon, to perform.

plak, experience, information.

plakik, by experience.

plak'on, to experience.

plaknno, utmost.

pla/eotZik, uncommon, extra-
ordinary.

plam, harness, trappings (of a
horse).

plan, plant.

plan, elucidation, explanation.

planagloi, vegitation.

planum., planting.

planHY, botany.

planel, planter.

156

GEAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

planet, planet.

planetik, planetary.

pldnik, explicable.

planon, to plant.

pldnon, to elucidate, explain,
illustrate.

plapod (bipiik), preface, prelim-
inary remark.

plas, in stead of.

plas, besidethat.

plasz/", unless, except when.

plasud, See kodakan.

plasiidcik., plastic.

plat, flatness,

platik, flat.

platin (PI), platina, platinum.

platinik, of platina.

platon, to flatten.

plaud, plougb.-

plaudA, ploughman, plougher,
cultivator.

2-)laudon, to plough.

pie. (before an o . . . ; otherwise
plo), for.

pled, play, game.

pledducan, playthings, toy.

pledadin, a toy, thing to play
with.

pledaso^'el, play-fellow.

pledauoJad, musical work (for
box, clock etc.)

pledel, player.

pleden, (the) playing.

pled5n, to play.

ploid, pride.

pleidik, proud.

pleidm, to be proud.

pleit, vanity, haughtiness

pleitik, vain, frivolous, haughty.

plek, prayer,

plekel, prayer, une who prays.

plekbii, to pray.

plem, horse-harness.

plejn6n,to make horse-harnesses,

plen, plain.

plenik, plain, level, flat.

plenipot (valiide\), authority,
one who has power.

plenbn, to flatten.

plepad(-am), equipage, accout-
rements, habiliments.

plepadoTn, to equip, fit out.

plepal(-sxa), preparation.

plepalel, preparer.

plepalih, preparative.

plepal6n, to prepare.

plese/bn (konsefon), to keep,
■ conserve.

pleso, intentionally, on purpose,
by design.

Pleus (Kingdom) Prussia.

Pleusan, (province) Prussia.

Pleusel, Prussian.

Pleusik, Prussian.

pleyads, plejads.

plid, approbation, pleasing.

plidik, with pleasure, liking.

plidi^mo, if you please; very
welcome.

plidoi, good pleasure, appro-
bation.

plidovL, to please, like.

plied, praise.

pliedik., praise-worthy,

plied^Ti^ to praise, glorif}', com-
mend, extol,
pliem, implement.

pliema, tools, utensils, imple-
ments, instruments.
plif, fold, plait, rumple.

plifik, j)laited, rumpled, riiflled,
full of folds.

plifon, to fold, plait, ruffle,
plim, compliment.

plimik, complimental.
plin, prince.

GRAMMAS OF TOLAPUK.

157

fUmk, princely.

plisen, tiie present.

/iii>fr<ik, present.

pKseno, at present, now.

pUsenSn, to represent.

plisip, principle, maxim.

plafpik, principled.

plit, the pleasing.

pUdk, pleasing.

plivad, private-citizenship, pri-
vate-life.

plwa^i, private-citizen, ont of
office citizen.

jftlrevnfik, private.

pihxiMn, to be citizen witliOTit
employment.

plivileg, privilege.

pltpBeg^m, privil^ing.

plidUgon. to privilege.

plivod, privy, w. c.

pUeodiVi, stool.

plivodasied, sanitary airauge-
menT.

plo, to, for See pU-

plo . . . iple . . .J, pre . . .

plo, beside, withont.

plo aA>f. herefoT.

plob, worthiness, soliditr.

plob, prosperity.

■plobey, interce^on.

plode^Sn, to intercede.

pIciKk, solid, worthy, excellent.

plBbik, prosperous.

jsfoio, thorongh. K'lid. snffli; ient.

pIo£6n, to be worthy, good.

pHaion, to prosper, thrive, suc-
ceed, tend, avail.

plod. .. (diplod!!

plofed, professor.

plofet, prophet.

plofetacoZ, prophetic employ-
ment.
plo/eton. to prophecy.

plog. prescription,
plogam, programme.
/..'■;7'Jmik, in accordance with

The programme.
plogik, inaccordance with the

prescription.
plig5ii, to prescribe.
ploton, to plnck, pnll off.
plotud, precaution,
plotucfel, carefbl person,
plol-udon, to take care,
plom, plum, prone.
plomibim, plnmtree
plon, complaint,
plon, evil, suffering,
pfonik. plaintive,
jptonon. to complain.
plonon, 10 suffer, undergo,

labour nnder.
p!-;p. success.

ptopon, to succeed, prosper,
plopffi", intercession, mediati in.
plopfikel, intercesor, mediator

(one who speaks to help

another),
plopeixn. to "oe the intercessor

or mediator
plos, therefore that.
plos en>. therefore,
plosen, preposition.
ploseimn, to propose.
plotog. proces-verbal, protocol.
ploiogik, as by proces-rerbal.
plotogon, to make up a prcces-

verbal, write a protocol.
plovin, province
ploviiaik... provincial
ploDinim, provincialism.
ploeod, » word in fevour oi,

intercession
plorOf/'Tn, to speak a word in

fevour of.
ploy eg. pro^jecticn.

158

GBiMMAU or VOLAPUK.

ployegon, to project, plan, delin-
eate, draw.

plu, more than, more, all the
(better), over.

plu... plu..., the... the...

plii, mostly.

plud, the good pleasure, the
pleasing.

plild\}s., as liked, as wanted, as
required, to please.

pluKk, manifold.

pluKen (Grammar!), compar-
ative degree.

■pXulUenik, [in the comparative
degree.

pluZaenam, comparison.

pluZfienam, forming of super-
lative.

plum {plumm), lead.

pluma/ik, excessive.

plurmk, of lead, lead —

plumva. (Pb), lead (chemical).

TgVxxmdd (inmod), immence
crowd.

plumon (ptominon), to lead,
plumb.

plunum (Grammatical:) plural,
plural number.

joZmo, the more . . . (the . . .).

pliit, politeness.

pZataa, doctrine of politeness.

plubk., polite, courteous.

pliiion, to be polite, be cotir-
teous.

po, after.

po . . . (prefix for the passive
first future tense,) . . . shall
he. ..

pb, at the end, aft.

poded, starch.

podediin, to starch.

poed, poetry.

voed^l, (great) poet.

poedMXit poetizing.
poedaa, (petty) poet.

poedsAi, piece of poetry, poem.

poedA, poet.

poeden, poesy.

poedik, poetical.

poedon, to poetize.

pof, sea harbour.

pof, poverty.

pofeg, (feb)i profession, funct-
ion, calling.

pofegik, professional.

pofik, poor.

j?o/lik, miserable.

pof on, to be poor.

pdfild, profit, use, gain.

pofiidik, profitable, lucrative,
useful.

pifudXsii use

pofiido, for the profit of, in
behalf of.

p'dfiidon, to he of use, give
profits.

pop, pock.

p5i, aft, to the end, back.

poik, placed at the end, ap-
pended.

pok, pocket.

pok (dof), fault, disease, defect,
_ pokag'Zoci;, pocket-clock, watch,

pofcaZol (posanol), pupil.

^ofcan, juggler.

poTcA, bag-manufacturer.

poHk, defective, infirm.

pokoTO., to pocket, put in the
pocket

pofcbn, to fail, mistake.

pol, transportation.

pol, wandering.

polal, goods-transporter.

jooZam, delivering, transporting.

p67am, erring, straying.

polaji, transporter.

G11A,MMAR Ol' VOLAPUK.

159

Polan, Poland.

Polanel, Pol-e, Polander.

poldnit, Polish.

■golied, palanquin.

polel, carrier, porter, bearer.

polen, police.

polenan, policeman.

polenel, officer with the police.

polenik, police- (adj).

poUg, danger.

poligik, dangerous.

poZik, wandered.

■poliklod, misbelief,

poliue^'am, ramble, roving.

■polofoh, I shall or will be loved.

polon, to oarrj^.

polon, to wander, err, stray.

pd/ub, error.

poind, loss

poliidel, loser.

polMik, having lost.

poludon, to lose.

poliiglot, polyglot, many-tong-

ued.
pom, fruit,
pom, pump

pomem, pumping arrangement.
Pomeran, Pommerania.
PomerdnA, Pommeranian.
pdmet, promise.
p'dmeton, to promise.
p'dmik, fruit — (adj).
pombia, to gather fruit,
^omon, to pump.
Pompeyus, Pompey.
pon, bridge.
pBn, punishment,
poread, fine; penitence,
poraadik, penitent.
pormAon, to atone for, gratify,

pay a fine,
.poraik, pvinishable.
piinit, repentance.

ptinitik, repentant.

p'6nit'6i\, to repent, be sorry for.

^OTion, to make bridges; to lay
a bridge across.

ponBn, to punish; to fine.

ponop, (Grammar:), pronoun.

pop (net), people, nation.

pop, paper.

popacan, ppaper-ware, paper-
goods.

pSpa/aftted, paper-mill, paper-
manufactory.

popem, quire (paper)

popik, of the people.

popik, paper-, of paper.

popot, style of people, particul-
arity of people.

por, portion, part.

porik, partial, partly.

pos, after (in time).

pos . . ., ... after.

Posan, Posna.

posamol (pofcaZol), pupil.

positenon, to deliver later on.

pos6oned(-am), late order,

■gosilab, affix, lastsy liable.

posfcfiro, late-swarm.

poso, after that, then, further,
there upon.

posod, person.

posodik, personal.

posodoi, personality.

posodbn, to personate ; to per-
sonify.

posperaad, appendix, postscript.

pospoion, to sendafter.

pot, post.

pot, occasion, appropriateness.

potucal, post-office.

potafcatf, post-card.

■potaJcomit, post-officeorder ; P.
0. 0.

potiil, post-officer.

160

C.KASEltAR OP VOLAPUK.

potaiii . . . (potamo/i !).

poftui, post-clavk.

potananam, post-note.

pota«<a;e», post-station.

pota-sftV, regulation ofttepost.

polatimik, in correct time.

pijtaiimo, at its turn, by and
bye.

pot&timbt, correctness in time.

potek, apothecary's sbop.

potekel, apotbecary.

potel, postman (poial, potaxi).

pbtet, potato.

porik, postal.

potik, appropriate.

poto, occasionally.

poton. to send (by post).

p6t6n, to be of use, be appro-
priate, (will dol.

pStu, with (the occassion of), by.

pot/ip, first future tense.

pStup, gerundium.

pdtiit, hunger, appetite.

potiitik, hungry.

potiitm, to hunger, be hungry.

pov, pole

po«ik, polar — , pole —

pozenrfeJ, afternoon.

pozentZefik, past-morning (adj).

pozendeZo, in the afternoon.

p6zet, process, lawsuit.

pozelel, process-server.

pozetSn, to sue at law, to be
in process.

priim, premium..

pram&tn , premium-proffering.

priimon, to proffer premiums.

pred, sermon.

predel, preacher.

predbn, to preach.

Priska, Prisca.

Priszila, Priscilla.

prob, prior, provost.

proiSp, priory, proTOstship.

protestan, Protestant.

protestmdk, Protestant (adj)

protestanim, Protestantism.

protestan^n, to mate Protestant,

Prudenzia, Prudentia.

psam, psalm.

psamed, psalter

psamel. psalmist.

psamik, like a psalm.

psamSn, to be psalmist.

pu . . (prefix for the passive
second future tense), shall
have been.

pii, puff! (interjection).

pub, appearance.

pub(-am), publishing (ftui'aj'el-
am).

p«iel, publisher (ftufca-setel).

piiblig, republic.

piiiUgel, republican.

piibb'gik, republican (adj).

publug, the public.

publiigav, publicism.

publug6n, to publish.

p«66n, to appear, come out.

piibon, to publish (books).

pud, discipline.

pild, peace.

pudik, used to discipline.

pUdik, pacific, quiet, peaceable .

pUdo ! (sS ! takedo !), peace ! quiet !

pudM, accustoming to discipline.

pudQn, to chastize, correct.

pudGn, to pacify, appease, re-
concile, satisfy.

jourfSp, house of correction.

pued, chastity.

puedik, chaste,

puf, louse.

puf, dust.

pufik, lousy, nitty.

p«/ik, dusty.

GBAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

161

pu/on, to louse.

pifbn, to dnst.

pDg, battle.

pngSn, to slaughter, to cattle.

p3i, langnage.

pikat, speech, oration.

puka^ufel. teachet of languages.

pukatik, reciting, (adj).

pSJkaiSm, to recite.

pikstY, pliilologj'.

pikeA, prorerb, saying.

pikeiBvod, apopbtbegm, pror-
erb.

pukeiSk., proverbial.

pikA, orator, spealcer.

piilak, grammatical, pbilolo-
^cal.

p0cSf, eloquence.

pBioSarv, rhetoric.

pakofsmk, rhetorical.

puJ^n, to speak.

pekaoabid, term, erprrasion,
phrase.

pfikonaiBod, locution, waj to
speak, waj of spewing.

pukot, diseonr=e, conversation.

pOkotik, affable.

pUkotof, afiiableness, affabiUiy.

^>ffltnb, phraseology.

pol, boy, lad.

pel, pettiness, insignificance,
ttiflingnesj.

puSk, puerfle, boyish, roathful,
childish.

j>ufik, trifling, weak insignific-
ant, petty.

pulit, pulley.

pBliot, meann^, woitiilessne$-f,

pOtefik, mean, worthleK.

pn/o/ob, I shall or wfll have
been loved.

pun, fist.

pfin, point.

punA, punctuirt. punctuator.

punik, big.

pSno . . . point —

punod, punctoation.

pUnon, to punctuate.

puod, corruption, rotteniie=-.s.
putre&ction, cariouBne^!' .
unsoundness.

puodik, rotten.

puoddn, to rot, putrefy.

pup, doU.

pup, puppet.

pupnn, purple.

pupunik, pnrplifih, purple.

pur, powder; gunpowder.

puron, to pulverize.

pur, mine (digged to admit the
use of gunpowder).

Furenans, Pyrenees.

put, paling, fense, gate.

Putagoras, Pythagoras.

putUp, second future tense.

putupon, to put in the second
fature tense.

q=

is not used in volapuk , but substituted by gv and kv. — -

rab, raven,
l^ban, Arabia,
ro&inel, Arabian.

ra&anik, Arabian (adj).
rabat, discount,
rabot. plane.

11

162

GUAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

i-ad(-am), radiation,
radon, to radiate,
raf, radish,
rafin, paraftn.
Bahel, Rachel,
ral, paw, clutch, claw,
raiik, with clutches.
Baman, Armenia.
ramdnel, Armenian.
ramarak, Armenian (adj).
ran, rennet,
rap, file.
rapon, to file,
rat, rat.

rat, riddle, enigma.
ratik, enigmatical, obscure.
rdtQn, to guess.
Bazan, Bhetia.
redak, redaction.
redakel, editor.
redakon, to be editor,
reg, king.

rej'akinan, kingdom,
rc^ram, reign, government,
re^an, regiment (soldiers).
regik, royal.

re^on, to beking, reign, govern.
regul(el), regulator
regulaxa, regulation.
regulSn, to regulate,
rekel, rector.
rel, religion.

reZad, religiousness, piousness,
reiadik, religious, pious,
refodon, to display piousness.
reZal, mind for religion, religi-
ous mind,
relief, relief (in sculpture),
re/ik (reZadik), religious, pious.
relon, to be religious or pious,
ren, reindeer,
reposit, repository,
ret, inferiority.

reum, rheumatism.

reumik, rheumatic.

Reus, Reuss (the river).

Reusan, Reuss (the contry).

revid, revise.

revidel, reviser.

rewjrfon, to revise.

rezip, reciprocity.

rezipik, reciprocal.

rib, rib.

ribajok, stab in the ribs.

rid, reed, cane, rush, thatch.

ridih, reedy.

ridik, of reed.

rig, origin.

r^ad, (the) original.

rw^adik, original.

rigal, originalist.

rijralik, original, queer, peculiar.

rigel, See lautel.

n^'eliig. See laut.

rigei, authority.

r-15'ik, original, primitive.

Rilan, Ireland.

Rildnel, Irishman.

rildmk, Irish.

rim, rime, rhyme.

rmel, rimer, rhymer.

n'men, rhyming.

nmon, to rhyme, rime.

Rin, Rhine.

Rimn, Rhineland.

rmanel, Rhinelander.

Rinay?e«s, Rhine-Prussia.

'RinastUk, the Rhinegau.

rinik, Rhine (adj).

rip, crib, manger.

rit, sincerity.

ritik, true, sincere.

riv(-am), attainment.

rmk, attainable.

rivBn, to reach, attain.

rS! caught! (exclamation).

GKAJTMAR OF YOLAPuK.

les

r56(-am), rubbing.

robbn, to rub.

rod, (holy) order.

rod, (temporal) order.

Rodan, Rhone

Bodanebd, Rhone-dale.

Rodos, Rhodes.

RoehsA, Rhodian.

i<^, aTT(^ance, pretension.

rol, list, roll.

Rom, Rome.

Jfomakinan, the Roman Empire.

Romsm, Romogna.

romanic, Romanic.

romantik, romantic.

romel, Roman.

ramik, Roman (adj).

roraSn, to romanize.

ron, resin.

ron, run, the act of running.

ronsJail, rac^round.

ronel, runner, racer.

ronik, resinous.

ronon, to run; run a rae«.

rop(-am),strike,discontinuanee.

ropon, to break off, stop, sus-
pend, cease.

ro^, raisin.

Rosina, Rosalia.

Rnan, Roan.

rub, min, destruction.

ruSon, to min, corrupt, spoil,
destroy.

rud, rood (measure).

rud, tuhe, pipe.

ruin, ruin(s).

ruMiik, ruinous.

rujip(s), measles.

ml, roll, bundle.

Ruman, Rumenia.

Ruman&l, Rumenian.

rumanik, Rumanian (adj).

Rumelan, Rumelia.

rumdanik, Rumelias.

run, herring.

rup, eruption (of the skin).

rur, diarrhoea, flux.

rut, rut, wheel-track.

S.

. . . s, (mark for the plural).

sa, besides, -with.

sa . . ., dis . . ., de . . .

sab, sand.

^b, sahre, acimetar.

sdhen, sabring.

sabarej/am, reign mth the sabre.

^goUk, sandy.

^<Mn, to sand.

saboa, to sabre.

sad . . . (kosad !).

sad, expedition.

saed, saddle.

saedel, saddle-maker.

saeden, saddle-manufactory.

ioedon, to saddle.

sag, (the) saying,
sagit, arrow.
sagtak, arrow-shaped.
sagitbn, to pierce witii arrows.
sago, (tmido), verbal, oral, by

words of month,
sago! See paso^o!
sago, even.

sagon, one says, it is said.
sagon, to fay.
smk, all.

sa/onam, disfiguring.
^;anon, to disfigure, deform,
sak, sack, hag.
sak, question,
sakaiu^. interrc^atdve form.

164

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

saHk, in bags, per sack.

s»kik, in question.

jofcdn, to ask.

Bakramec?, sacrament.

sakramedik, sacramental.

sakrit, sacristy.

sakritel, sacristan.

sal, salt.

sal, hail, room, saloon.

salad, salad.

satik, salt (adjective).

salin, saline.

satoik, saltish.

saloA, salt-water.

salodafean, salt-water-bath.

saZon, to salt.

Salonig, Salonica.

Salonik, Thessalonica (old).

sSlnn, large hall.

salunik, like a hall.

sam, example ; sample, muster.

»amad, example, specimen,

copy.
samik, examplary.
samod (assam), for example.
tamon, to muster,
san, bliss.
Ban . . . (Lusan !)
Sanal, Saviour,
sonal, holiness.
sandlsid, priesthood.
sanaiek, consecration of priests.
»«nalekam, sacrament of the

consecration of priest."
san%lel, priest.
«a«alelik, priestly,
sanam, recovery.
sannndmik, medicinal.
Sandomingo, Saint Domingo,
sanel, doctor, physician,
jonelik; doctoral.
sanik, holy, sacred, hallowed,
sanikel (sn), saint.

saralik, blissful, salutary, whole-

sdme.
sanloi, salubrity, wholesome-

nesB.
saiio ! bliss on ... !
sanon, to cure,
sanskit, Sanscrit,
sanub, sanctuary.
saKukon, to sanctify, glorify.,
sap, wisdom.

sapal (sapel), savant, sage,
sapav, philosophy,
sapfo, Sappho.
sapik, sage, wise,
sopon, to be wise,
sarazel, Saracen.
sarazelik, sarasenic.
Sardan, Sardinia.
sardanik, Sardinian.
aUsliipon, to escape, slip from.
sS.sod, bath-season.
sat, satiety,
sat, satisfactory.
satsxa, saturation.
siMelaxn, causing of discordance,
sateion, to cause a discord,
sarik, satiate, glutted.
sdtSs., sufficient, plenty,
satin, satin, silk.
satinik, satin, of silk,
sadik, sufficient.
sdtlof, sufficiency.
sdto, enough, plenty.
sdto ! enough/
saton, to satiate.
sdtSn, to satisfy, be plenty,
saun, health.
saumk, healthy.
saunon, to make healthy, cure.
sav(-am), rescue, delivery, help.
3av(-am), saving, salvage.
saweaeZon, to reveal; unveil,
sawel, saver, rescuer, helper.

GBAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

165

«auik, retrievable.

«a2)ik, may be saved.

^avon, to rescue, deliver, help.

*d!;8n, to save.

Savoyan, Savoy.

Savoydnel, Savoyard.

savoy dnik, Savoy (adj).

Sax, (kLngdoni) Saxon.

Saxan,(Prussian Province)Saxon.

Saz(aa)el, Saxon.

Sax(an)ik, Saxon- (adj).

86, out.

fle . . ., ex . . . de . . .

seb, furrow; pit, quarry.

sed, exportation, expedition.

^edi^'d/, export-trade, expediti-
on-office.

eedaxa, sending.

seda,n, exporter.

«e<2anam, exportation,

-ledanon, to export.

sedel, sender.

se£k, that may be sent.

aedil&a, to distribute, divide.

sedit, separation, partition, dis-
tinction.

sedon, to sent.

sef, safety.

■se/axa, assurance, insurance.

sefel, insurer.

-se/ik, safe.

se/iko (sefo), safely.

^e/5n, to insure, assure.

seg . . . (aeffol !).

aegiv, expense, spending.

segivaxa., edition.

sedition, to spend, give out.

8eyoZ(-am), (the) going out.

se^oZbn, to go out.

Begone], gadder.

segun (a segun, a ma), accord-
ing to.

^eguno, accordingly.

seil(-6f), Uttle affability.

seilik, very quiet, little affable.

seilol (pasez'Zb! seiWnoAl), quiet!
hold your tongue! hush!

seilon, to be quiet, keep quiet,
keep secret, conseal.

seisok (seistel), lying.

seistoji, to lie, to be lying.

sejtop, camp.

seeiop, entrepot, -warehouse, re-
pository, magazine.

seitopik, camp-, in the camp.

seitiipiTi, stored, warehoused.

sek, consequence.

sefcifcam, exclusion.

Sekin, Zealand.

sekinel, Zealander.

seHik, fallof consequences.

sefcon, to be the consequence,
follow, result.

sekred(-ad), vfriting-cabinet.

sekretel, secretary.

sekun, second.

aekusad, excuse, apology.

sel(-am), sale,

aeliin, foreign country

seZaTiel, foreigner.

seZanik, foreign, exotic.

seled, rarenes.

seledih, rare, uncommon.

aelednsib, (a) singular (body),
peculiar one.

seledmk, rare, strange, parti-
cular, peculiar, singular.

selednof, rareness, strangeness,
peculiarity, particularity.

selel, seller, vender.

seZik, saleable.

selin (Sn), selenium.

selon, to sell.

sem, some.

sembal, somebody or other.

«embala, of somebody or other.

166

GRAMMAB OP VOLAPUK.

semhale, to somebody or other.

aerabalos, something or other.

semik, some, certain, a certain.

seminad, seminary.

seminiLdel, seminarist.

senikitim, some time, whenever,
any time.

semlik(o), some way or other.

semof (ji-sembal), some woman
or other.

semo/on, to drive out, expel.

semop (egefo), somewhere.

semoTpa, from some place.

semopi (egefi), to same place.

semos, something,

sen, feeling, sensation.

senam, sensation.

senat, senate.

senaiel, senator

senafemon, to breathe out, expire

sened, the external.

senedik, external.

senedo (seo), externally, outside.

senik, sensible.

senin (As), arsenic.

senit, attention.

senitik, attentive.

seniton, to remark, observe.

senlik, sensible, palpable.

senon, to feel, conceive.

seo, outside, out of doors,
abroad.

sep, sepulchre, grave.

sepenod, proclamation.

Bepet, expression.

aepetbn, to express, utter.

sepik, fossil.

8eptan(-am), explanation.

seplanSn, to explain.

sepon, to bury, inter.

sepiik, pronunciation.

sepaiad, determination, sen-
tence.

s£*r..,„am, utterance, decision,.

Pronunciation.
sepUMk, (to be) pronounced.
aepiik'dn, to pronounce,
seraf, seraph, seraphim.
sera/ ik, seraphic.
Serban, Servia.
Seridnel, Servian.
serbanik, Servian (adj).
aesag, (Grammar :) predicate,
aesed, exportation, sending a-

broad.
aesedon, to export, send abroad.
sesep(-am), digging up.
sesepon, to dig up, digout.
aesiadon, to put out, put ashore^
aesltipQn, to slip out.
sesum, exception,
sesumik, exceptional,
sesumon, to except,
sesumu, except (preposition)^
set, sentence.
seienSn, to stretch out.
seieuon, to emigrate.
setUdUn, to step out.
setok, barter, exchange.
aeiopaia, exposition,
setul (ziilul), September.
setulik, of September.
sev, knowledge.
seva/uZik, full of knowled^6.
eevSl(-a.m), election.
aevdleva. choice.
se«aVdn, to choose.
seved(6), out, to the country,
sevedik, outside; abroad.
aeveg, outlet, evasion,
seuel, connoisseur, judge, one

who knows.
sevik, knowable.
aevok, outcry.
aevokel, cryer, auctioneer,
aevokon, to cry out.

GSAMMAE OF VOlAPiiK.

167

sewSn, to know, have knowl-
edge, be acquainted with.

seziig, departure.

sM, asphalt.

s&lame2, Dead Sea.

si, yes.

si . . . (sil . . .), (prefix for the
names of constellations).

Biad(-am), setting, placing,
putting.

siadel, setter.

siadiin, to set, put, place.

siam, a£Smiation, confirmation.

siajn, idea, spirit, sense, soul,
mind.

sMunik, confirming, in the af-
firmative.

siamik, sententious, ingenious.

sldmoi, fulness of sense, intell-
igence.

sidmon, to reflect, think, con-
sider.

sib, sieve.

iiJnn, existance.

siimam, maintenance.

si&ihel, a being, (creature).

sibtnik, existing.

si&inon, to exist.1

Sibiran, Siberia.

sicam, si^e.

sid, seed, sperm.

*«fib, seedling plant, seedling.

sidatedaxa, seed-trade.

siden, seeds.

sufik, seedy.

«aon, to sow, impregnate.

sied, seat, chair.

gie£k, seated.

siedSn, to seat.

sien, sense (one of the five
senses).

sienik, sense- (adj).

sienlik, sensual.

sif, citizen.

siftl, burgomaster.

sifik, citizenlike, plain.

si^te, fishes (sign of the Zodiac).

sifbn, to make fellow-citizen,
take up as a citizen.

sig (nepin), dryness, barrenness.

sigayei, hay.

sigik, dry, barren, withered.

aigil, eagle (constellation).

si^on, to dry.

sijip, Bam (constellation).

sijuiel, Archer (constellation).

sik(-am), distinction.

sikapikor, Capricorn (constellat-
ion).

sikik, exceeding.

Sikilan, Sicily.

sikildnA, Sicilian.

mklaf, crab (constellation).

sikodifi), thus, therefore.

sikaa, to distinct.

sil, sky.

sil . . ., See si . . .

silab, syllable.

sUabaxa, syllabication.

silabSk, syllabical.

silabon, to syllabicate.

SUan, Iceland.

Silanel, Icelander,

silanik, Icelandic.

silatop («76p), zone, climate.

sUef, silver (sUin).

sUefaxo., silvering.

sUefA, silversmith.

sUefik, silver (adj).

silefon, to silver (silinon).

silein, Lion (constellation).

S27ik (saZik), heavenly, celestial.

silin (Ag), silver (chemical).

silinm, to silver (chemically).

Silop, Asia.

sil'op, zone, climate.

168

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

silopel, Asiatic,

silopic, Asiatic (adjective).

sim, seam, hem.

Simon, to seam, hem.

simul, hypocrisy, dissimulation.

simulei., dissembler, hypocrite.

simulik, hypocritical, feigned.

simulon, to feign, dissemble,
play the hypocrite.

^n, sin.

sinel, sinner.

sinif, indication.

sinif^a, to indicate, signify,
denote.

sinik, sinful.

sm5f, sinfulness.

smon, to sin.

ston, to affirm, say yes to, con-
firm.

Slop, Sion.

sip . . . (sipid!)

sipid, insipidity.

sipidiV, insipid.

sis, since.

«!sik, See juk.

siskopaf, Scorpion (constellat-
ion).

siso, till tow, thusfar; since
that time, since.

sit, system.

Sitan, Istria.

siUlah, T-wdns (constellatioii).

sitik, systematic(al).

siwaJab, Balance (constellation) .

siuaJan, Waterbearer (constel-
lation).

sivilgin, Virgin (constellation).

sivon, to order, get supplied.

sia;OT7, Bull (constellatiom).

Sizin (Si), silioium.

skad, squadron.

skaf, scaffold, stand.

skal, pot.

sfcatel, potter.

skam, tramper, vagabond,

vagrant,
skan, scandal, offence.
Skandinaf(an), Scandinavia.
skandinqfiii, Scandinavian,
sfcanon, io cause scandal, give

offence,
sked . . . (/ata.aked\)
skil, skill.

skilik, skilled, clever,
skin, skin.
slcinon, to skin.
Skipio, Scipio.
skit, leather.
skilal, leather-dresser.
skitSiTi (taenel), tanner.
sfoVel, skinner, fellmonger.
skitik, leathern,
skof, scrofula.
sko/'&i, scrofulousness.
skqfik, scrofulous.
Bk6m, scum, foam, froth.
skomon, to foam, scum, froth,
skopaf, scorpion.
sMt. family-arms.
- skub, screws
skill, swiftness, readiness,
sktin, sheet, skin,
skut, syringe, squirt, spout.
skuton, to spout, squirt,
slaf, slave.
slqfen, slavery,
sto/ik, slavish,
slam, Islam, Islamism, Maho-

metanism.
slam, mud, durt, mire.
slamiV, muddy,
slan, slander.
slanel, slanderer.
slanSn, to slander, defame,

asperse, calumniate, vilify,

scandalize.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK .

169

iSZauonan, Slavonia.

sleb, stap(s).

Bleu, slendemess, thinness.

sZenam, delation, attenuation.

slerak, slender, thin.

slenon, to make thinner.

slep, degree, step.

tlepik, incorporatedin degrees.

s^nik (sZepo), gradually.

siepSn, to divide in or make
with steps.

slid, bursting.

slidon, to burst.

sli/on, to slide.

slim, slime, phlegm.

slimik, slim}-, phlegmatic.

^limon, to be filled up with
phlegm.

bUp, sleep.

slipaiim, (slipiit), time to go to
sleep.

rf^el, sleeper.

slqnk, sleepy.

slipil, nap.

slipon, to sleep.

slit, slit.

Uitskm, slitting.

slitik, slitted, split.

sliton, to slit, split.

slob, wryness.

slobik, wry, sloping.

slohon, to slope, incline.

^lop, mind, inclination.

slop, slope, declivity.

sZopel, adherent, follower, part-
isan.

slopik (klienik), inclined.

elopan, to adhere.

slud, conclusion, resolution.

^ludaxa, taking of conclusions.

sludon, to resolve, conclude,
determine.

slup, sneaking; slipping.

slup'oji, to sneak, steal; slip.

slup'6]p, hiding-place, subter-
fuge.

sma . . . {smala, . . .), small . . . ;
little . . ., wee . . ., mean . . .

smab, . . . (sma,bed])

si&a,bed, nest.

smafeerfon, to nestle, nest.

smafteZ, low-mountain, hill.

smafeeHk, hilly.

smajjm, shrub, stump.

STusibled, supplement to a paper.

smaJo!;, plate.

smiiceni, side-room.

smad . . . (Smadom \)

smsbdom, hut.

smaf, spawn.

snubfaniib, cage, dviugeon.

smafit, fish-spawn.

smsbfog, fry of frogs.

sma^at, low hat, cap.

sma/euaZ, foal, colt, filly.

svaaJcomip (Inkomip), skinaish.

smSbkun, calf, young-cow.

smal, smallnesB.

sma/acon, small articles.

smalal, pusillanimity, timidity.

smala,To., diminution.

smalei, trifle.

smalik, small, wee, little.

«maZikum(o), less.

smalTl(o), a little.

smalToik, trifling, bawbling.

smalnoi, bawble.

smalon, to diminish.

small-OS, the little.

smaliil, miniature.

smaliiliTs., miniature (adj).

smaraa/, small boat.

STSi3jSpad, angle.

syna^tdg, hind, roe.

smasaf (IvLsui), lane.

sm&veg, path.

170

GBAMMAR OP VOLAPUK.

sm&velat (Invelat), probability,
likelyness.

smsivelatik (luwetorik), likely,
probably.

amatol, bull-calf, steerling.

sma^unel, bog.

BTOSizigad, cigarette.

smeg, flattery smiling.

smegGn, to laugh flatteringly;

emek, taste.

smekon, to taste. >

smel, smell.

smeloTa, to smell.

smet, smalt.

smetUn, to melt, smelt.

smil, laughter.

smilik, laughable.

smilon, to laugh,

smiv, grease, fat, tallow.

smivel, one who greases.

smiven, smearing, greasing.

smivdn, to smear, grease.

smok, smoke.

smofcam, reeking, smoking.

smokaitaiak, smoke-tobacco.

smoka,tuhi\, censer.

smokel, smoker.

smokik, smoky.

smokon, to smoke.

smokon, to smoke; incense;
fumigate, smoke-dry.

smoton, to melt, dissolve, be-
come liquid.

smud(-am), smoothing.

smudon, to smooth.

smuf, slipperiness.

smufils., slippery.

smufdn, to make smooth.

smul, smiling.

smillon, to smile.

sn., st {See sanikel).

snat, honesty.

snarik, honest.

snek, snake.

snek&fit, eel.

sneko, to and fro.

snekon, to rumple.

snel, snail.

snetep, snail-house.

snil, seal.

snilel, sealer.

snilon, to seal.

snip, fillip.

snipon, to crarck with one's
fingers.

snob, knot, tie.

snobik, knotty.

snobon, to knot.

snofip, cold, bad-cold.

sndfon, to have a cold.

so, so, thus.

so! (takedo)), hush!

soal, solitude.

soal&cdn, personal cheque.;

soalA, hermit.

soaKk, solitary, lonely.

soalon, to live as a hermit.

sob, soap.

soh&kukeD., soaphovise.

sobid{o), asto, as far as, for as
much as.

sod (after a negative): but,
yet, though, however.

sod, soda.

sodas, so that.

sof, softness (of mind), gentle-
ness, meekness.

sdf, sofa.

Sofia, Sophia.

so/ik, soft, mild, meek, gentle.

so/on, to hush, lull.

sog, company.

sog, committee.

so^ik, social.

sogon, to be comfortably or
socially together.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

171

. . . soi . . ., but also. See noe.
soif, (even) should it be ever

so . . .
soin, foras much as (veito as),
sok, insect.
siJHk, of insects,
sol, sun.
sol, gentleman.
sola,disajn, sunset,
solat, soldier.
solatnlinkip, sutler.
soMaiek, soldiery.
solaxdn, sunrise.
soldel, Sunday.
aoldelik, Sunday- (adj).
soldon, to solder.
soled, pay.

solei, dominion, monajchy.
sotefik, dominant.
s67el, ruler.
soHk, sunny.
solik, gentlemanlike.
solon, to sun.

solon, to rule, reign, govern,
solud, solidness.
soliidik, solid.
soiiidon, to make solid.
sdlvaa, great gentleman.
solwn, greatest gentleman.
solutik, loose,
som, such, suchlike.
s8m, just such,
somin (Os), osmium,
son, son.

soneroik, so-called.
somk (sona, . . .), son's,
sonil, little son.
sonlil, grand-son (nekel),
sop, quill,
sop, ditch,
sopon, to ditch,
sosit, sausage.
sosjJel, sausage maker.

sositon, to make sausages.

sos«n(o), soon, directly.

sosus, as soon as.

sot, sort.

sot, (blig), duty.

sorik, sorted.

sorik, duteous.

soitm(o), sometimes, every now
and then.

sarin, assortment.

soZon, to assort.

sbton, to owe {debdn).

sov, sower's seed.

sbv . . . {sovem !)

sova,fel, arable field.

sowel, sower.

so!;em(o), so much.

s6vem{o), as much.

soven, sowing.

souon, to sow.

spad, place, room, space.

spad&niniit, capacity.

sparfik, spacious, roomy, capa-
cious.

spadof, spaciousness, extensive-
ness.

spadon, to space.

spadoTp, room, space.

spag, spark.

spagon, to sparkle.

spal(-am), the treating with
consideration or sparingly.

spal, frugality.

spdlel, sparer.

spdlik, frugal, sparing, saving.

spdlmk, scarce.

spalnoi, scarceness, rareness,
deficiency.

spolSn, to spare, treat with
consideration.

spaten, to spare, save.

spdluA, sparing, saving.

spam, spasm, cramp.

172

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

«pamik, spasmodic.

^an, epau.

Span, Spain.

spana,va., stretching, tension.

spanel, spanner.

spanel, Spaniard.

sparak, Spanisli.

spatiSn, to span.

spar, asparagus.

spar, sparrow.

spat, walk.

spata,veg, walk, road for walk-
ing.

ipatA, walker

spa&a, stick, walkingstick,

gpaffin, to walk, go for a walk.

sped, spear, lance, pike.

spedel, lancer.

spedon, to spear.

spek, speckle,

spel, hope,

Spelakep, Cape of Good Hope.

spelik, to be hoped.

spelo, as is to be hoped.

spelon, to hope.

spen . . . (poB^ocnad !)

sper, sparrowhawk.

spetivo, relatively.

spewai, specific weight.

speuarik, by specified weight,

SpifteZan, Spitsbergen.

spid, speed, haste, hurry.

spidoTo., to speed, despatch,
hasten, hurry, accelerate.

spidel, speeder, courier.

s;j;rfik, speedy, quick, swift,
hasty.

spido, in a hurry, hastily.

spido\ (JlMl vif6\), quick!

spidano, in the greatest hurry.

spig, corn-ear,

spigSiTa, gleaning.

spigon, to glean.

spil, shedding, spilth.

spilon, to spill, shed.

spin, prickle, thorn.

spinaxa, stab, sting, prick, stitch.

spirak, prickly, sharp, thorny.

spinon, to sting, prick, stab,
stitch, put.

spir, spice, spicery.

spit, spirit.

spidk, spirituous.

spod, correspondence.

spodskad, postcard.

spod&\, correspondent.

spodon, to correspond

spon, bail, security.

spbn, sponsorship.

sponA, bailee, guarantee.

spSnel, sponsor, godfather.

sponon, to warrant a thing,
be surety for one.

sponon, to be sponsor.

spor, spur.

spuk QxitikaX), spook, spirit,
ghost, hobgoblin,

spukon, to haunt (as a ghost,
spirit or spook).

spul(-um), spun.

spulA, spinner.

s/)«ten, spinning-house.

spulon, to spin.

spun, spoon.

sput, spittle, spit.

sputoTCL, to spit.

stab, ground, foundation.

stab, ground, cause.

staM\., stability, stableness.

stab?Mum, number of quantity.

staiel i/wnA), founder edifier.

stabHk {plolo), thoroughly, solid.

siajik, systematic.

stefein, foundation, element.

stabo (stabo), thoroughly, per-
fectly.

GBAMMAK OF VOLAPUK.

173

stahon, to found, ground, lay
the foundation.

stdla, on principle.

Btad, state, condition.

Btad, stage.

sta<£ik, being in a state or in
such and such condition.

staiSk, stage- (adj).

staMn, to be in a state or
condition.

staf, staff.

staf, (military) staff.

stafA, staff-bearer.

gtafHk, staff-, of the staff.

stag, stalk.

stag, stag, deer.

stajen, (railway-) station.

slSjen, halt; state, pomp.

stal, ray, beam, flash, spout.

itoZik, beaming, radiant.

slalon., to beam, shine, cast
beams.

stam, stem, trunk, stock.

st%m, primitive (word), root.

stan, stand, station.

stan, flag, colour.

stdnfA., ensign, comet,

s^anik, standing.

stonon, to stand.

gtanap, standing-place, station.

stap, stamp, mark.

stapSn, to stamp, mark.

star, stare, starling.

gtorip, cataract (on the eyes).

«/arop, stare-cage.

statit, the statistic(s).

ttatitA, statistician.

statib^k, statistical.

statud, statute.

statucKk, inconformity to sta-
tute.

stand, dining-room, restaurant,
eating-house.

staudA, restaurateur.

staudon, to keep a restaurant,
keep an eating-house or din-
ing-rooms.

steb, stay, abode.

siefton, to stay, abide, sojourn,

sted, straightness.

siei^l, uprightness in character.

stetS)s., straight.

stedo, straightway.

stedan, to put aright, direct
rightly.

steif, the striving.

steifal (susal), striving mind.

stei/^m, endeavour.

steifik, striving, contending.

stei/Sn, to strive after, aim at,
struggle for.

steil, distillation.

steil'on, to distil.

stejen, station.

stek, plan, draught.

stel, star.

stel?imaff, constellation.

stein, starry, starred.

stelil, little, star; asterisk.

stelon, to glitter, star, glare,

stem, steam.

stem&hilen, steam-brewery.

stema.hot, steamboat, steamer.

stejnaftoiad, steam-navigation.

stem&cin, steam-engine.

stemafonam, heating by steam.

stemik, steamy, steaming,
steamed.

stemon, to steam.

sten, stain, spot, blot.

stenal, blemish.

stenik, stained, polluted.

stenogaf(-ad, -am, -en), steno-
graphy.

stenagafel, stenographer.

stenogafan , to write in shorthand

174

GRAMMAH OF VOLAPuK.

stenoji, to stain, pollute, defile,
.spot, blot.

steniid, strength, power.

steniidal, strength, of mind,
power of the mind.

stenfdalik, strong in mind.

steniidik, strong.

»teTO(iikum, stronger.

steniid'oi, power.

steniidon, to strengthen.

s,tep, step, pace.

stepik, step by step, going, slow-
ly, ambling.

stepo, step by step, gradually.

stepo\ keep in step!

sigpoja., to step, ijace, amble.

ster, pile.

stenk, in piles, piled.

stib, pin, pencil, fescue, burin.

stid, institution, institute.

stief(-am), lameness

stief on, to lame.

stif, stiffnes.

sti/ajva., , lameness.

«ft/"ik, stiff, lame,

stifon, to stiffen, grow lame.

.stifakan, to make stiff.

stig, sting, prickle, pin, spine,
quill.

^tigaJptZ, gooseljerry.

stigasDin, porcupine hystrix.

stigik, stingy.
,,st^on, to incite, prick.
,^t;j)£(-en), stitching, embroidery.

stikalekati, art of stitching.

stikUTi, to stitch, embroider.

stil, stillness, calm, silence.

stila,l, quiet nature.

sft7am, stilling, pacific.

Stilsimel, the Pacific.

stitSs., still, quiet, calm.

sft76n, , to still, quiet, calm,
,fillay, lull, paciy.

, stim, honour.

stim^dig, dignity, respectability.
stim&digTik, worthly, revereiid,

honourable.
stimaX, modesty, honesty,

chastity.
stirfok, modest, honest, chaste.
stimon, to honour, respect,
stin, istring.
stinon, to string.
stip(-am), condition, agreement,

contract.
sii]pik(o), conditional.
stipoyif to stipulate, conditifin.
Stiran, Styria.
Stirdmk., of Stiria.
stit, .institute.
stits,vD., institution.
^titafaA, institutor.
sfe'tampn, to institjite.
vStof, cloth-stuff.
st5f, stuff, matter, material.
utof&can, drugs; groqery.
s0/&n, druggist (drogel) ; grocer.
s<o/el, materialist.
stofik, of cloth.
stofik, material,
stog, stocking.
stogon, to knit (stockings).
ifitok, . stock, prflvision, store,
stok, flat, story, loft, floor.
stokiit, stock-fish,
stol, straw,

StQlik, of strkw, straw-
stom, weather, temperature.
stSm, damp.
stomag, stomach.
stomnY, knowledge of ^he

weather, meteorology.
. .0mik, of .the weather.
stomik, dampy.
,^t?mon,,io dampen,
ston, stone.

GRAMllAU or YOLA-PUK.

175

ston, abstinence.

stona&tfi;, lithography.

stonaJaifcel, lithographer.

stona&uiben, lithograph}'.

stona&KHk, lithographic.

stonaoopel, stone-cutter.

stona^e/, eart ben ware.

stonaiko2a;, pitcoal, coal croc-
kery.

«tonal, hard-heartedness.

stonel, stoner.

stonik, stony, of stone.

Stonin, (Sr), Strontium.

stonlik, stony, like stone.

stonon, to stone.

sfonon, to refirain, abstain, deny
one's self.

stonsik, stony.

stop (-am), stop, discontinu-
ance, strike.

stop (-am), hinderance.

stopol stop! hold on! halt!

stopon, to stop, discontinue,
strike.

stopon, to obstruct, interrupt.

stor, stork.

stor, stir, bustle.

stora,smabed, stork'a nest.

stoTon, to move, toss, stir.

stot, stammering.

stoton, to stutter.

stud, study.

stiid, institution, introduction.

sluMl, zeal for study.

studel, student.

studon, to study.

stMon, to institute, introduce.

stuk, construction.

stnk, district, region, province,
dominion.

gtukel, constructor.

stukik, of the district.

siufcon, to construct.

stul, chair, seat

stfil, style, manner of writing.

stiilik, stylish.

stulU, stool, little chair.

stu/nik , properly or well styled.

stulon, to style, characterize.

stum (-om), instrument, tool.

stum, esteem.

stuma/ulik, respectfully.

stumal (kimufal), fifth case.

stumik, respectable, eminent,
considerable.

stun, astonishment, stupefact-
ion, surprise, amazement,
wonder.

stun, fraying, feazings.

stunik, stupendous, estonishing,
prodigious.

s^iinik, ravelled.

stunoV {es?unol, is^unol). eston-
ished, stupefied

stunon, to be estonished

stup, stupidity.

stup, dullness.

stupal (stupelal), stupidity,
ignorance

stupel, stupid person, idiot,
blockhead, simpleton, nums-
kull.

stiipel, clod-pate, numskull.

stupik. stupid, blunt, siUy, dull.

stupon, to stun, make stupid.

stut, sturdiness, coarseness.

stiit, school (for a special trade
or profession).

stut&i (global), rough nature.

stuiel (globel), rough or rude
fellow.

statik, rude, rough, coarse.

sfittik, professional-, trade's-.

su, on, up.

su . . . (bus . . .), ob . . ., in . . .

sil, forth.

176

GRAMMAR OP VOLAl'UK.

sii . . , ... forth, ap . . .

Buad(-am), conviction.

iuadal strength of oonTiction.

guadon, to convince, convict.

suam, total amount.

guam, recompense, price.

iuamik, total.

^omon, to combine, compound.

suambn, to amount to.

subim, 'sublimity.

subimSl, sublimity of mind.

subiimk llegeilik), sublime.

subsat, noun, substantive.

subsatabid, infinitive mood.

subsaiik, substantial.

subyet, subject.

subye&, subjective.

subyeton, to subjet.-

sud, deafness.

sud, custom, mode, moral(s),

sudafcZm, purity of morals.

sudafcKnik, pure of morals.

SMiial, obduracy.

jraJdal, feeling for morality.

StidameZ, Zuydersea.

suc^ik, deaf.

sKrfik, modest, decent.

BudZanof, intrusion; obtrusion.

sadlik, morally.

aiid\!!>i, morality.

siidodi, custom, use, mode,
fashion.

siidGi, modesty, discretion.

BudunQn, to make appear;

suem, (the) comprehending.

sueroad, conception, notion, ap-
prehension,

suemSl, ability in conception.

suemik, comprehensible.

»«emiko, in a comprehensive
way.

tuemSf, comprehensibleness, in-
telligence,

suomon, to conceive, understandt

comprehend,
siien, sedateness, composure,

calmness.
sHenaja, deliberation, consider^

ation.
siienik, sedate, composed, calm.
sienon, to consider, deliberate^
suet, sweat.

auet&ban, sweating-bath.
sue&\, zeal for servitude.
siietik, sweaty.
sueton, to sweat,
suf, suffering, endiu-ance.
su/a,A, patience,
su/adik, patient(ly).
sw/adon, to have patience.
suf&dun&fom, deponent (Gram-
mar).
Sufaf . . . (sufa/bni!)
sufafom, passive form.
suf&fomik, passive.
suf'al, tolerance, toleration,
su/alik, tolerant.
suf am, indulgence,
su/ik, indulgent.
STiflag, claim.
suflagoTa, to claim.
s«/on, to suffer, bear, endure,.

tolerate.
sngw{-&m), charge, commission,

dedication.
mgivoxi, to charge with, dedi^

cate, impose.
sug'dn, to suck.
suip&l, cleanliness, mind for

neatness.
SMipon, to sweep, clean,
suk, succession.
suk(-am), desire, inclination.
. . . siik, . . . desire,
siffcad, conclusion, consequence^,
sufcal, suppleness, meekness.

GKAMMAE. OF VOLAPUK.

177

s«ial, inquisitiveness.

sufcalik, supple, meek.

OTsialik, inquisitive, ferreting.

.fukel, successor.

stiikA, ferreter.

sukem consequence.

sukon, to follow.

mkon. to ferret, search, seek.

.««k(5t, cutting open.

.sukoton, to cut open.

nuku. (klii), in consequence of.

sul, strainer, filter.

sfil, heaven.

sulel, strainer, filter.

sillel, inhahitant of heaven.

sulik, heavenly, celestial,

■tiilol for heaven's sake!

suto^el, inspector.

.*uten, to filtrate, filter.

Sulud, the South.

Suluda(feu<, South-Germany.

suliida^ufcs, southern fruits.

Suluda77!«Z, the South-Sea.

SeludameZop, South-America,

.tultidel, Southlander.

.<iulii£k, southern.

salQlefiid, the South-east.

Sulunidan, South-India.

saluvesiid, the South-West.

sum(-am), taking away(mosMm).

sum, resemblance.

.tUmal, talent for assimilating.

giinak, analogical.

mimoi, catchableness,

.wmow, to take away, get,

catch, take.
^KTOon (leigon), to resemble.
xumn (sesumii), except, besides.
8un(o), soon.
sunaX, speed-making.
SundameZasaf, Soenda strait.
SundanisuZs, Soenda-islands.
Suned, the Sound.

sunik, soon, speedy,
sunon, to accelerate.
sumim(o), sooner; rather.
s««un(o), as soon as possible ;

best, rather,
sup, soup.

supenon, to note, write down,
supik, soup-(adj.).
mpiial, ability to surprise,
saspirik, suddenly , subitanous,

at once.
supito, all at once, suddenly.
supitoTO., to surprise.
Siirakus, Syracuse.
Siiran, Syria.
SaJramk, Syrian,
sus, up, over,
sus. . . . (su. . . .), sus. . . ,
susaX (steifal), striving mind.
Susan, Susannah.
susez<(-am), act of laying or

putting upon, imposition.
svLseiton, to lay or put upon,

to impose.
suA, on it, up,
SMsi . . . , up . . .
snsiad, toppart, toppiece.
suso (sKsi), upwards.
suso\ go up! up!
susoglofon, to grow up.
sastanan, to get up.
sum, upward, (prepos).
sririi , . , up , , , , . , , on high ,
sut, soot, coom,
siit, street,
sutag, syntax,
Sutan, Scithia.
siitA, watchman or inspector on

the street,
sarik, sooty,
satik, of the street.
SKiil (smasai), alley, lane.
sutoj;(-am), exposition.

12

178

GllAMMAE or VOLAPUK.

sufovon, to raise, lift up.

sutowon, to expose, make come
out.

snvok, calling (up), summons.

suuofcbn, to callup, summon.

sval, swallow (bird).

svan, swan.

svanik, swan-, of a swan.

Syed, Sweden.

Svedel, Swede

svedik, Swedish

svefin (S), sulphur, tarimston.

svejina,zud, sulphuric acid.

svejini)i. sulphurous.

svefiinQn, to subject to the ac-
tion of sulphur.

svib, biscuit.

svid, sweetness.

svidsil, softness, loveliness.

svidsiia, sweetening.

soidfl, sweetener,

svmik, sweet.

svidlik, sweetish.

svidon, to sweeten.

svil, twine, twist,

svilel, twister.

svtl'di, to twist, twine.

svim(-akan), swimming, art of

moving on the water.
svimaJorf, swimming bird.
svimel, swimmer.
svimon, to swim.
Bvin, swine, hog.
swmal, swinishness.
SK!raik, swinish, brutal; of the

swine.
svinil, little (young) swine
svip, broom, besom, brush,
svipbn, to sweep.

T.

, . . t, (mark of the demonstra-
tive pronouns),

ta, contra.

ta . . . , counter . . .

taal, contradictiousness, dispo-
sition to contradict,

tab, table.

tabak, tobacco.

tabakeA, snuff.

label, cabinet-maker.

taben, cabinet-work(s) or -ma-
nufactory.

taber, tabernacle,

tabled, division, part, branch.

iabledim, division (military).

iab'dn, to dish up, serve.

tad . . . (ia4il\).

tad(-am), threat, menace.

tadil, contrary.

t?idUo, on the contrary.

tado! attention!

tddon, to threaten, threat,

menace.
tAdunon, to act in opposition

to, counteract,
toel, adversary,
taen, tanhouse, tannery,
toenad, tan.
taenel (sfc'zan), tanner,
taenin, tanin.
taenon, to tan.
tag . . . (sutag!).
tag (kodat), conduct, behaviour,
ita^'on, to behave
Taho, Tagus.
taif, fare, tariff.
taifik, according to the (bill

of) fare,
talk, being adverse, opposite,

contrary, countra.

GRAJIMAB. OF VOLAPUK.

179

laik, opposition.

taim, potter's clay.

tain, loam.

iainik, loamy.

Taitan, Haiti, Otaheiti.

Taitamk, of Haiti.

tak, cessation, stop, standing

still,
taked, rest.

iakec&l, peace in mind.
takedik, qniet, restful.
takedo {jpudo)\ quiet!
takedoa, te be quiet.
takon, to stop,
tal, earth.
Tal, Italy.
talafiaZ, strawberry.
taladil, part ofthe earth (world).
taladlem, earthquake.
tahadustod, world's industry.
taUglop, globe, earth.
tal^, eaxthliness, worldliness.
takdeiil, earth-oil, petroleum.
ialaiik&i, gnome.
toZav, geology.
taUkzUek, earth-curve,
tofed, geography,
tatedel, geographer,
tefedik, geographie(al).
tofel, inhabitant of the earth.
tdlel, Italian.

talen, talent, ability, faculty.
tdlenik, talented.
taZik, earthly.
talik, Italian (adjective).
taUn (Tl), tally.
talmk, earthen-
talon, to Italianize.
Talop, Australia, New-Holland.
talopel, Australian,
talopik Australian (adj).
tam , . . (cof^atam!, lutaxa !).
tambin, tamarind.

tan, junction, juncture, imion;

tie, band, string bandage.
tan(o), then, there after,
tanad, binding (of a book).
Zanen, binding,
tanin (Ta), tantalum, colum-

bium.
tanon, to bind, tie, join,
too, else, otherwise, in the op-
posite case.
taoi, opposition, (the) adverse-

ness.
taon, heel, tolon.
tap, carpet

tap, tapestry, wall-paper.
tdpA, paperhanger, upholsterer.
tdpov., to hang with paper or

tapistry.
tapuftal, contradictory mind.
ia/gukon, to contradict.
Tarkvinius, Tarquinius,
tasianik, absurd, distracted,
tasjanof, absurdity; distraction,
tat, state, empire,
tat, . . . (neiat !)
. . . tat, . . . ty (. . . at, . . . et,

. . . tet).
Tataran, Tartary.
tartaranel, Tartar,
tartaranik, Tartarian,
todk, of the State.]
toflik, majestic, grave.
tatos, on the contrary.
Tats peJaKl, the United States

(of North- America),
taut, trout,
tav. . . (. . .av!).
lav, travel, journey, voyage.
tdv&, traTelling-(adj).
tiivahiir, tourist-ofBce.
tavakopaneX, fellow-traveller.
tdvsl, desire of travelling.
tdvaxa., travelling over.

180

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

tdvapenoA, travelling-pass, pass-
port.

tiivel, traveller

taveia, wry, slanting, sloping,
cross, slant, oblique.

tavelika.dL, wryness, obliquity,
crossness, slopeness.

taveliho, awry, aslant, sloping

ly-

iowik, ready to set out, ready
te go out, ready for going out.

tdvon, to travel, journey.

te, just, only, mere.

teat (stad), tbeUtre.

tealXk, (siaidik), theatrical.

tebin (Tb), terbium.

ted, trade, commerce.

terfa . . . (ierfik), commercial
trades . . .

tedajratZen {gadea temk), flori-
culture, flower-nnrsery.

tedsX, great merchant.

tedal, mind for commerce.

tedaxa., merchandise.

tedsM, (letedel), wholesaledealer.

tedsLtidastit, commercial school.

ted9,Y, commercial knowledge.

tedel, merchant, trader, dealer.

ierfelik, merchants', mercantile.

tedem, trade's company.

tedUji, to trade, handle, be tra-
der, be merchant.

tef, regard, respect, reference.

tef&m, relation, reference.

tefumik, relative.

te/ik (te/oy), concerning.

tefo, in regard to, in respect of,
as to, concerning, as for.

tefod, taking in regard.

tefbl {tefik), concerning.

tefon, to concern, regard.

*e/u, in regard to, concerning.

teg, cover, deck.

tegsA, covering.

teg'on, to cover, deck.

feik, only, mere, just, but.

teil(-am), separation.

teildX (feHfal), mind of discord..

iezVik, separable,

teilon ilivon), to separate.

tein, tile.

kernel, tiler, tilemaker.

teinea., brick-manufactory, tile
kiln.

teinon, to make bricks or tiles.

tekm, to get, regain, gatherj
collect.

tel, two,

teWa, twin.

telad, clothier's trade, tailoring.

telad€\., tailor, clothier.

teladGTi, to be tailor.

telatejjik, two-headed.

telafcopSf, two-headedness,

«e?am, duplication,

telapatet, conference, dialoguCi
conversation.

telaspan, carriage with or for-
two horses.

teldik, many.

\^\dil (laf), half.

teltZi'fik, double, binary.

telefon, telephon.

telefon^n, to telophon.

telegaf, telegraph.

telegafel, telegrapher.

telegafik, by telegraph.

telegafon, to telegraph, wire.

telegam, telegram.

telel, couple, pair.

telelik (a tel, a telik), two by-
two, in couples.

telesop, telescope,

telesopik, telescopic.

tel/arik, bipedal.

*eZid, second.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

181

teliAmiSg, alto voice, counter-
tenor.

teZidlo (a tel), we two, you two,
they two together.

iefidna, second time.

teliAao, for the second time.

leliio, secundo, in the second
place.

teM, discord.

telik (pal . . .), double.

teliko, two fold, of two kinds.

telil, small two.

t«lin (Te), tellurium.

telion, billion.

telkotik, two-edged.

telZme^ik, double-tongued.

telmz7, two thousand.

telmJZid, two thousandth.

telmz7ido, in the two thousandth
place.

te\model(6), (omodel), day after
to-monow.

telna, twice.

telnsilik, done, happened, said
etc. for the second time.

teinaliko (telno), for the second
time.

tetaik, twofold.

ielo, in two times, in twice,
in two turns.

telod, confidence, trust.

telodik, confidential.

tdodoi, reliance.

■telodokon, to dare, have self-
confidence enough to.

telQn, to double.

•tel^fiHk, in two languages.

tela, twenty.

telsBbgul, polygon with twenty
angles.

telsefia&d, twenty-first.

ielsedil, twentieth part.

ielsel, score, number of twenty.

telsena, twenty times.
ieZsenalik, twenty times repeat

ed.
telseTosliko (telseno), for the

twentieth time.
telsenili, of twenty sorts.
telsid, twentieth.
telsi&o, in the twentieth place.
teZsidna, the twentieth time.
telsi&no, for'the twentieth time.
i&lsiedi^, with two seats, double

seated, for two persons.
ieZsik, twentyfold.
telsmil, twenty thousand,
telstum (telmil), (twenty times

a hundred), two thousand.
teltum, two hundred,
teliwmena, two hundred times,
teltomenalik, 200 times repeated
teU«mid, two hundredth, in the

200th place,
teliamik, two hundred fold.
teltum mil, two hundred thou-

telui, second class (in schools),

teludel, scholar of the second
class.

ieliXi, second time (music: d).

telug, doubleness.

teZutftik, two-wheeled.

teZukon, to double.

teZum, duet.

telyescZeZ {a,jeadel), day before
last, day before yesterday.

tem, temple, cathedral.

tendp, pusillanimity, coward-
ice.

temip'ah, coward, poltron.

temip'al, cowardly nature.

temipik, cowardly, timid, base.

temipon, to be cowardly.

Temis, Thames.

tempat, temperature.

182

GUAMMAE OF VOlAPttK.

ten(-am), (span-am), stretching
prolongation.

tenal, eternity.

tenal&m, perpetuation.

tenalik, eternal, perpetual.

tenaliko, everlasting, for ever.

tenalo, for ever.

tenalon, to perpetuate, immor-
talize.

tened, tdnt.

tenedon, to put up tents.

tenin (Bu), ruthenium.

tenon, to stretch out.

teniid, temptation.

teniid&l, desire to lead into
temptation.

feniidel, tempter, leader into
temptation.

tenudik, tempting.

teniidon, to tempt, lead into
temptation.

teor, theory.

teorik, theoretic(al).

tep, storm, tempest.

tepsLl, boisteroxisness.

tepel, stormer.

tepik, boisterous, stormy, tem-
pestuous ; turbulent.

Teresia, Theresa.

Termopiil, Thetmopylae.

Tesalan, Thessaly.

tet, udder.

. , . tet, . . . ty (. . . at, . . . et,
. . . tat).

tetov., to milk.

tev(-am), ramble.

tevel, rambler.

tevon, to wander about,

teviug, rambling condition.

ti, nearly, about, almost.

tiad, title.

iiadon (calaraem5n), to title.

tib... (ditib!).

Tibetan, Thibet.

tibetdnel, inhabitant of Thibet..

Tiburzius, Tiburtius.

tid, instruction.

tid&l, talent for teaching.

iiinbuk, school-book.

tidsidiip, school-hour.

tidal, teacher, school-master.

tidum, teaching.

ft'i^amon, to teach.

tidaseminad, seminary for teach-
ers,

tidskstid, institute (of instruction).

tidel, teacher.

tidik, instructive, docile.

tidbn, to teach, instruct.

tid'6^, auditory; place or hall
for instruction.

tiduTp, apprenticeship-
tied, tea.

tiem(o),-;,at that time, then.

tienon, to tend, serve.

tiep, flap, tail, end (of a coat),

tif, theft.

tifal, thievish nature.

tife\, thief,

ti/en, robbery, theft, felony..

tifiTs., thievish, roguish.

ti/oTn, to steal, pilfer.

tik (siam), thought.

ft'fcad, manner of thinking,

Hkstl, (great, deep) thinker.

ft'tel, mind.

tikalazcil, Whitsun, Pentecost.

tikdlik, of the mind.

tikalnem (kler), clergy.

iikdlnik, spiritual.

tikalnoi, acting of the mind^
spirituallity..

Tikai sanik (San^ilal) Holy
Spirit, Holy Ghost.

tikaxDi, reflection.

tikav, rethoric, logic.

GRAMMAR or VOLAPuK.

183

tScavel, logician, vethorician.

(ikacik, rethorical, logical.

tOdk, imaginable.

tikxra, to think, meditate.

til, thistle.

tim, time.

. . . tim, (affix of the names of

the four seasons).
tmsifom, (Grammai), mood (of

the verbs),
(imag, century (figuratively),

space of time.
timsipen, periodical writing,
fi'mik, in time, of the time-
2unil, moment, little while,

trice.
tiTin'Ti ^Sb), antimonium.
hfnlik, temporary,
ft'mlof, temporariness.
(iJBO (mfltfik), seasonable timely,

in good time,
timof (mad), maturity, ripeness.
timim (nuuion), to ripen,
tin, tin.
ftnam, tinning,
tinik, tin, of tin (adj).
tinin (Sn), tin (chemical),
tmon, to tin.

tip (lop), top, spire, point.
2^1. subtlety, ctinningness.
tipik, pointed, sharp.
<^n, to point, make a sharp

point at or on.
t^fin, highest point, top, sum-
mit.
Tirolan, the Tyrol.
titit, titmouse, tomtit,
tlap, trap (for catching birds

or animals).
tlat, treason, treachery.
tUUA, traitor, betrayer.
tlataa, to betray,
tlel, lattice.

tldim, to cover with lattices.

tlep, agony, anxiety.

tlepafulUc, fearful.

depik, anxious.

tlep5n, to frighten.

tlid, tread, sted.

Uidoji, to tread, step.

tiip, tax.

tlipucalel, revenue-officer.

tUpon, to pay taxes.

tlod, comfort, consolation.

ilo^l, consolatory mind.

Uodet, comforter, consoler.

tlo£k, comforting, consolatory.

tlodo\ (pattodo!), comforted!

dodon, to comfort, console.

tlon, throne.

tlonon, to sit on the throne,

reign,
tlnp, troop, band, gang, crowd.
Hupaa, men, people, troop.
tlupik, in troops.
ih^n, to range, draw up.
to, in spite of.
to, only,
tob, trouble.

;d2>am, meddling, trouble.
toJik, troublesome, difficult.
tiilo, difficultly, with trouble.
tobbn, to trouble one's self, to

endeavour, putto, exert.
tod, defiance.
to^H, stubbornness, obstinary,

headiness.
todHaa, to defy, brave,
tof, drop.

tof, dewdrop, dew.
to/"ik (o), by drops.
tofon, to drop, trickle, drip.
tofoD, to dew.
tog (o), at once, suddenly,
togaf, autograph,
tok, barter, exchange, truck.

184

GEAMMAB OF VOLAPiiK.

tolcon, to truck, barter, ex-
change.

tolad, duty (on goods, either
imported or exported)

tolad, inch.

toladal, custom-oiEcer.

toladi]i, subject to duty.

toladon, to enter' (goods at the
custom house).

t6lat(-ani), treatment.

tolaton, to treat.

tolin (Th), thorium.

tom, torture, vexation.

torn, the pouring, the spilling.

tomal, plaguy fellow.

tomalen, vexation, teasing.

Toman, Ottomanic Porte.

tomel, teaser, vexer, tormenter.

tomelik, teasing, vexing, tor-
menting.

tomet, pouring, spilling.

tomet'on, to spill, overturn.

Zomeffinok, to plunge or preci-
pitate one's self.

fomik, tormenting, teasing vex-
ing.

tormn, to vex, tease, plague,
pester, torment, rack, tor-
ture, martyr.

ton, tune, sound.

ton, toughness.

ioreab, accent, letter.

tonaihsbUen, line (printed or
■written).

tonSibid, tune, (music;) key.

tonaishin, drum,

toned, ton.

tomk, tuneful, good Sounding.

ioraik, tough, clammy; tenacious.

tonoi, sound.

tonodsiY, phonics.

tonodon, to sound, tinkle.

tonon, to sound, give sound,

(of clocks :) strike, (of bells :)

ring.
ton^n, to hold fast.
tonix, according to.
top, place,
top, exertion, bent.
topal, laoal.

iopam, placing, location,
topet, trumpet.
topetel, trumpeter.
topik, local.
topbi, locality.
topon, to place, locate.
top'dn, to exert.
topop, hall.
Toran, Tauris.
tos, in spite of.
tosna (aiosna), this time.
toanalik, at present,
tot, thunder,
toton, to thunder.
tov(-am), lift,
ioubn, to lift, heave.
Trakan, Thrace,
tril, tremor (in music).
triloQ, to tremble (as sound).
Tripolan, Tripoly.
trof, simpleton.
Troya, Troy.

tu (iuvem), too, over, muchtoo.
iual, exeroiveness.
tub, tub, cask, barrel, coop,
tub, small tub.
tuhe\, cooper (for large things).
tuhel, cooper (for small things).
tuben, cooper's trade.
tuboff, tiock (on a fust &c).
tud . . . (tndel !).
tud, trip, . tour.
tndel, to-day, at present.
tudel, tourist.
tudelik, this day.
tiidelo, now a days.

GKAMMAll OF VOLAPUK.

185

tndunQn, to exaggerate.

Tiiest, Thyestes.

tuf, truss, bunch, bundle.

tu/ik, like a bundle.

tug, virtue.

tugal, hero in virtue.

tugal, zeal in virtue.

tuged, community, connexion.

tugedik, together, jointly, con-
junctive(ly)..

tugedo, together, jointly.

lugik, virtvious.

tugoi, honesty, virtvie, good-
ness.

tugon, to be virtuous.

tu^onSn, to over flow, run over.

tuig, twig, branch.

tuigon, to graft.

iuik, too much.

tuk . . . (lamatuk!).

tiik . . . (vatukon !).

Tukan, Turkey.

tiikanel, Turk.

tiikamk, Turkish.

tul (flek), turning.

tul...(detiil!).

tulanim, rashness, presumption,
arrogance.

iular, hectare (ha).

tulel, turner.

tulidi, hectoliter (hi).

tulon, to turn.

turn, hundred.

tiim, tower, steeple.

tumsbia, multiplication by hun-
dred.

tniadil, hundredth part.

tumel, number of hundred.

tumelik (atum), hundred at a
time.

temena, hundred times.

tomenalik, hundred times re-
peated.

tomenaliko, for the hundredth
time.

temenik. See tumnik.

tumiA, hundredth.

temidna, hundredth time.

tamidno , for the hundredth time.

tomido, in the hundredth place,

temik, hundred fold.

temil, small hundred.

tumin (y), yttrium.

tum mil, hundred thousand.

tomion, centillion.

tumnik, of hundred kinds.

tnmdd, numberless, quantity,
abundance.

tu modik (tuik), too much.

tu modmk, too many sorts.

tumHn, to multiply by a hun-
dred.

tiimbn, to heap up, pile up.

tun, turner's trade.

tim, tin, white-iron.

t«mk, tin, made of tin-plate.

tunon, to turn (work at a lathe).

tup(-am), disturbance.

tup, space of time, period.

iupaii, trouble-feast.

tupon, to disturb, interrupt.

tur, gymnastic(s).

Tiiran, Thuringia.

tarel, gymnast, turner.

lurik, gymnic, gymnastic.

turoTO., to turn.

Turus, Tyrus.

tus&Z, tuesday.

tasdelikf tuesday-, of tuesday.

tasdelo, on tuesdays.

tuspirfon, to overhasten.

tut, tooth.

tut . . . (potiit!).

tutskdol, tooth-ache.

tutal, mordacity, mordaoious-
ness.

186

GRAMMAU OF VOLAPilK.

tiitin (Ti), titanium.

fotip, tooth-disease.

tuton, to indent, get teeth; to

notch.
tuiop, excessive exertion,
tuv, finding,
tiiv, discovery.
tuv%h, foundling.
invat, inundation,
.towel, finder.

tuwem(o), too, much too, over . . . ,
see tu.

tuvon, to find, meet.

tuta«pzre, tooth-pick.

tuta,Y, knowledge of a dentist,

tiitef, guardianship.

tiitefik, accorcing to guard-
ianship.

tiitel, guardian, tutor.

tatik, toothed.

U and U.

u, or.

u . . . (prefixed particle of the

second future tense), . . , shall

or -will have . . .
ii (before vowels: ud), or.
. . . ii, towards . . .
. . . ub, . . . ness, . . . ism.
ub, over (towards this side).
. . . iib (. . . niib), . . . ty.
iibi (lukmove), over (towards

that side', thither),
ud (before vowels), or see uf.
iid, see vl.
. . . iid, (affix of the names of

the four climates).
. . . udel (. . . el), . . . er ; ... tor.
Uelsan, "Wales (the English

Province),
uf, whether, or.
. . . uf, . . . y, . . . ty.
iif, in case, if.

uf ud, either ... or -

. . . ug, . . . ness

. . . iig, ... ship.

. . . uk, . . . ty.

. . . iik, (. . . ik), . . . some.

Ukran, Ukraine.

. • . ul, (affix for the names of

the twelve months).

nUalodik, very old, ancient.

ulfat, ancestor.

iilmag, primitive tjpe.

iilma^ik, primitive, original,
very first.

Mlofdi), I shall or will have
loved.

Dliises, Ulysses,

um, larger, more.

. . . um (ikum), . . . er (affix of
the comparative degree of ad-
jectives and nouns), more . . ,

Umbian, Umbria,

un, a, an (indefinite article)
(wnom, omun); «nos, os-un;
Only used when absolutely
necessary, ex : I do not want
«a» book, but that book).

tin, largest, most.

. . . iin (ikain), ... est (affix of
the superlative degree of ad-
jectives and nouns), most . . .

ijno, within (a certain space of
time); uno tim et, kel . . .,
as long as (all the time,
that . . .)

unoi (of-un, ji-un), a, an (fem-
inine indefinite article ; very
seldom used).

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

187

imom, a, an. See un.

unos (os-un), a, an (neutral
indefinite article).

... up (. . . ep), (affix of the
names of plants).

up(o), every now and then.

. . . lip, tense.

IJpen, Tpres.

Ural, the Ural, Ural Mount-
ains.

us (tls), the.

usa, from there.

Ksa, just from there.

usi, thither.

HA, just thither.

Msida, there through, through

there,
usik (Jisik), from there, thence,
ut, he, she, the one.
lit, jest the one, the same.
... lit, (affix of the names of

fishes.
utoi {pi-ut, ji-ut), she, the one

(feminine).
ikoi ipi-iit, ji-ut), just she, just

the one (feminine).
uJos (os-uf), -what, that, which.
■iitoi {os-iit), just that which

(neuter).
Uvo, Tto.

va, or.

va . . ., square —

va . . . {vail), all . . .

vab, carriage, cart.

vad . . . (kovad !)

vad, perversity.

vadat (/oZa^^an), quadrant,

square.
vadatainiZ, square-root.
vadatik, square (adj).
y'&delUk, daily, common.
vacHk, wrong, perversed.
vadon, to do or make wrong,
vaet, sap, juice.
vaetik, juicy, succulent,
vaf, weapon.
Ka/el, armed (person) weaponed

person.
I'o/'on, to arm.
vag, emptiness.
BO^al, state ofhaving few ideas,

being empty-headed,
vagam, emptying,
vagik, empty.
vagcin, to empty.

vak, wax.

yafcaitiap, wax candle.

vakanup, vacation, holidays.

yofcaniipon, to take holidays.

KoM, wax candle-manufactu-
rer.

vdken, the making of wax
candles.

vaHk, waxen, wax.

wafcop, wax candle-manufactory.

ual, universe.

val(-am), election; choice.

valad, expectation.

valadacem (valado-p), waiting,
room.

valadik, full of expectation.

valadon, to expect, wait for,
wait.

walal, spirit that inspires the
universe.

ua7al, pictoresqueness.

Valan, Wallachia.

valanaS, gelding.

valanel, Wallachian.

valanik, Wallachian (adj).

188

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

valapiikeA, motto, characteristic
■word.

y&leil, square mile.

watel, elector.

'valem, universality, generality.

tiatemik (uaiodik), general, uni-
versal.

wotemiko {fofudiV), for general
use.

Valenzia, Valentia.

vaVik (waZugik), all, together.

valik.0, in general.

waZikodik, general, common.

valimet, square millimeter
(qmm).

Valisan, (the Swiss canton :)
Wallis, Wales.

valmk, of all sorts, of all kinds,
all kinds of.

uatod, publishing, making gen-
eral, generalization.

uaZodat, universality.

uaZodik, generalizing.

valon, to generalize.

vdVon, to elect, choose.

valud, walrus, waltron, morse.

valud, power,

valudsl, power of the mind.

valM^k, powerful.

valiidon, to be powerful.

I'aZug, state of being all together.

valugik, together, all.

valut, valuta.

vam, warmth.

vamal, warm-heartedness.

vamiktnafel, warmth-meter, ther-
mometer.

vamel, warmer.

vamei, square meter (qm),

uamik, warm.

vamilmei, square kilometer
(qkm).

uamon, to warm.

\amulik., monthly,

van, vanity, vainness, transit-

oriness.
uanam, frustration.
vanelifiksizal, AU-Souls-day.
vanik (g'otenik), vain, transit-
ory,
vanin (V), vanadium.
uanlik(o), in vain.
vanon, to frustrate,
vaniil, vanille.
vap, odour, perfume, scent,

smell, fragrance,
wapik, odoriferous, fragrant.
vap'on, to spread odour.
vasanikaxaZ, All-Saints' dag,
All-Hallo w-feast .

vasin (wa), wasium.

vasoldelik, of Sunday, Sunday
(adj).

wasolrfeliko, every Sunday.

vat, water.

vat, weight.

uaiab, weighing-scale.

vatalxxbel, wave, billow.

vais.glat, waterglass.

vatam., watering.

vataa, waterman, aquarious.

Vatan, Vaud (the Swiss Canton).

vatel, waterman.

vatem, water (a running or a
stil. water).

vatik, watery,

udtik, heavy, weighty.

Vijtimo, at all times, ever, at
every time.

vatin (H), hydrogen.

vatoi, moistness, humidity,
dampness.

wa^ofik, moist, damp, humid.

vatoion, to moisten, wet,

vat'on, to water, wet.

vatm, to weigh (active verb).

GRAMMA.R OF VOLAPuK.

189

eatopa, from all places from
every where.

vaiopi, to all places, to every
where, all over.

Y'atopo, every where.

vafiikam, washing.

»afuked, wash.

Bortikel, washer.

eamken, washing-house, laun-
dry.

vatukoTa, to wash.

wafukSn, to weigh (intransitive
verb).

vaulbn, to bark.

vaxin, polish.

viixinbn, to polish.

va^eHk (vaye&ik), yearly.

vazemet, square Centimeter
(qcm).

ve, by, along.

ve . . . , long ....

vead, sheath.

veadon, to envelop.

veb, hovering.

vehoB, to hover.

ved, becoming.

. . . ved, . . . ived, . . . wards.

vedon, to become, get, arise.

ved&a po/ik, to become, get or
grow poor.

veg, way.

ueyad, cart-load, waggon-
load.

vegaxa, canal.

vegamzveg, carriage road, high-
way.

uegamon, to drive.

vegeA, railway; rut.

»e^on, to ride, drive.

veib, artery.

veilon; to be of use,

vein, vein.

veit, remoteness, distance.

vei&l, inflation (enlargement)
of the heart.

veita.m., inflation, swelling.

veitik, remote, far, distant.

veitikamo, farther away, farther^

veito as (som), for so far as.

veitbn, to swell.

Veixel, the Vistula (river).

■vekom, welcome.

vefcombn, to welcome,

vel, seven.

\e\agul, heptagon.

velat, truth, verity.

velat, exactness, justness.

vela&il, love for truth.

veladk, true, veritable.

veldak, exact, juct, correct, fair.

velatiko, truly (vo).

velatiko, verely, in truth, in-
deed, really.

velato, truly, iu truth.

veldto (lepZeso, »oik), properly,
especially.

velatiin, to verify, testify, con--
firm, proof.

velaton, to make correct, just,
to agree on.

■veldU, seventh part.

Yeldiia, small seventh part.

velel, number of seven, a seveo.

jiefelik (a vel), seven at the
time.

»etelil, small seven.

velib (dunavob), verb.

vein, seventh.

vefidna, seventh time.

velidaao, for the seventh time,

»eHdo, in the seventh place.

velik, sevenfold.

veliko, in a sevenfold manner.,

vein, small seven.

«eHon, septillion.

■velmil, seven thousand.

190

GllAMMAE OF yOLAPllK.

velwiificl, seven thousandth.

velm/ficlo, in the seven thous-
andth place,

velmjfik, seven thousand fold.

velmj7na, seven thousand times.

velna,, seven times.

ueZnalik, seven times repeated.

velmk, of seven sorts.

weZniko, in seven different ways.

velno, for the seventh time.

velon, to multiply by seven.

vels, seventy,

velsebal, seventy one.

nefeena, seventy times.

weZsenalik, seventy times re-
peated.

ue?senik, of seventy sorts.

velsiA, seventieth.

velsiCinii, seventieth time.

velsiAno, for the seventieth time.

velsi&o, in the seventieth place.

velsik, seventy fold.

velson, to multiply by seventy.

vels turn, (seventy times a hun-
dred) seven thousand.

Veltan, Valtalina.

veltum, seven hundred.

veltemena, seven hundred times.

veUwmenalik, seven hundred
times repeated.

veltomid, seven hundredth. ,

velfawido, in the seven hund-
redth place.

velto7!ik, seven hundred fold.

veUum mil, seven times a hund-
red thousand.

veUumon, to multiply by seven

hundred.

veliii, septime (music... h).

w«Zum, septet (music).

vem (levem), (also vemo, \evemo
especially before vowels), very,
particularly.

ven, (conjunction) when,

vencM, evening.

Yendelajfid, eyening-food.

vendelalefid, evening-repast.

vendelas/eZ, evening-star.

Yendelik, evening-(adj).

■vendelo, in the evening, at
nights.

Venezia, Venice.

venod, poison; venom.

venodiil, poisonousness, veno-
mousness.

venod'Aia, poisoning.

uoreodfik, ^ poisonous, venomous.

venodoii, to poison.

ventem, inventory.

vemtemik, inventorially.

ventur, adventure.

venture!, adventurer.

venud, charm, attraction, love-
liness, beauty.

veniid, risk, hazardous under-
taking.

venudik, charming, lovely.

veniid&, risky, hazardous.

venudon, to charm, tempt, se-
duce, entice.

vemldon, (kinon), to risk, ven-
tiire, hazard, try.

vesdel, Wednesday.

vesdelo, on Wednesdays.

Vesfalan, Westphalia.

vesfalanel, Westphalian.

ves/aldnik, Westphalian (adj).

Vesteman, Westermannland.

vestig(-am), investigation.

vestigel, investigator.

vestigon, to investigate.

vesiid. West.

Vesud'ekB., the West (the Western
countries).

Yesiideut, West-Germany.

vesUAla, west, western.

GRAMMAR OK VOLAPfiK.

191

VesiiHirfin, West-India.

VesuT, Vesuvians.

vesuBed, Westwards, to the
West.

vet, heaviness.

vetap . . . (vetapjin !)

vetaj)//H, centre (point) of gravity

ve&i, heavy.

vet'an, to charge, load, burden.

veut, importance, rank, dis-
tinction, respect, credit, con-
sideration

reiidk, important, considerable.

vexad (am), vexation, plague.

vexadel, vexer, teaser.

vearadea, vexation.

vexa£k, vezing

vexadon, to vex, tease.

vi !, woe !

vid, breadth.

fiaam, enlai-gement.

ri£k, broad.

vidon, to enlarge, make broader.

vie . . ., white . .

\iejeval, grey horse.

viel, state of being many-
coloured.

vieSk, many-coloured.

vien, wind.

vienas<an, weathercock, wind-
vane.

viemk, windy, blowy.

vi&noff, glair, white of an egg.

rienon, to blow.

viet, white colour, the white.

vie^ (ne(fe6al), pure or white
innocence.

vie&, white, blank, pale.

vieton, to whiten, white wash,
make white-

vif, swiftness, rapidity, velocity,

\i&kfut, velocipede, bicycle, tri-
cycle.

vif^penai, shorthand-writing,
quick-writing

!'(/ik, swift, quick, speedy, nim-
ble, fast, sharp.

vif6\ look sharp! quick! go on !

I'ifon (swnon), to accelerate,
hasten, forward, quick .

vig, week.

vigade J, working-day, week-day.

vigel, any workman (as mes-
senger, attendant, servant,
who gets a weekly pay).

VirginSn. Virginia

vikod, victory, triumph.

«ifco(fil, victorious or triumph-
ing spirit.

vikodazal, festival after the
victory, triumphal feast.

vikode\, conqueror, triumpher.

vHcodik, victorious, triumphal.

vilcodon, to gain the victory,
conquer.

vil, wUl.

I'jial, willingness.

vilaJtfc, free will.

vilgin (pi-yunel) ,the Hoi v Virgin.

VU'elm, William.

vilik, willingly, readily, with
pleasure.

fiVikiino, best, most.

vilod, willow-tree, willow.

viloi, officiousness, willingness,
readiness.

wiiofit, ready, willing, officious.

vUon, to will.

vim, whim, freak.

tijmal, whimsicalness, fi-eakish-
ness.

wjmik, whimsical.

Vin, Vienna.

vine, wine, claret,

vindbel mountain on which the
vineti'ee is cultivated.

192

GBAMMAB, OF VOLAPUK.

viniJcav, wine-cellar.

vinated, wine-trade.

vinatedai, wholesale-wine-mer-

ohant.
vinaiedum, wholesale trade in

wine, vintry.
vinsitedel, whine-mercliant, vint-
ner,
vindit, vengeance, revenge.
vindital, mind of vengeance.
vinditasiek, revengefulness.
vinditA, revenger.
vinditik, revengeful.
vinditon, to revenge, avenge,
vineg, wink, beck.
vinegoTi, to beckon, wink, wave.
w«nel, vine-dresser.
Vinftid, Winfred.
vinig, vinegar.
vinigik (piniga,zUd\)s), acid, sour

as vinegar,
wmik. wine- (adj).
wmop, tavern, wine-house.
Vinzenzius, Vincent.
viod(-aia), wounding, hurting,

offending.
viodon, to wound, offend, hurt,
viol, violet (plant),
uzotetik, violet (adj).
violin, violin, fiddle.
vi6t, bleaching-field, bleach.
vi'dten, bleaching, bleach,

blanching.
viofaa, to bleach, blanch
vip&hid, (of verbs:) optative

(wishing) mood.
vip&bidik, optative,
vir, whirl,
vised, wisdom.
visedi\, wise,
visin (Bi), bismuth,
visit, visit, call.
uistVel, visiter, visitor.

visiton, to visit.

viso, over, opposite (adverb)v

visii, over, opposite (prepos).

vit (-am), evitation.

vitim, victim; offer.

vitimsibod, host.

vitimwi, offerer.

vitirs.&i (uiftmal), sacrificer.

vitimik, ready to offer.

vitimfii, readiness to offer, or ta

sacrifice.
vitimon, to offer, sacrifice.
viton, to avoid, ' shun, eschew^
vituel, virtuoso,
viud, widowhood.
viudel, widower.
viudik, widow- (adj).
viudon, to become widower or

widow.
viv(-en), weaving,
vivel, weaver.

vivenel, proprietor of a weaving-
house.
vivon, to weave.
vivoi, weftage, tissue,
vo, truly, in fact, really, indeed^

See jenik.
v6 ! indeed !
voad, leakage, leak,
voadik, leak,
vob, work, labour,
vob, improvement, profit, gain,.

acc[uisition.
vobucem, workshop,
wftad, production; piece of

work, work,
rio&adam, working.
wo5adik, active, doing work.
uoSaddf, jlaboriousness, activity.
vobad6n, to labour, act, work.
vobe\, workman.
vobik, active, laborious, diligent^

zealous.

GRAMMAR Of VOLAPiiK.

193

»o6ik, diligent, assidaoos.

vobon, to work.

rofcon, acquire, get, gain, obtain.

vobuic, work, bookwork, book.

vod . . . (divod !)

¥od, word.

voasigik, copious.

vodal, interpreter.

vodamal, See vdlapiiked..

vodaplad(-axa), placing of words,
construction (of sentences).

vodas&u^, dictionary, vocabu-
lary.

?6da2opam, See YoAaplad.

Toda^um, construction (of
words).

ro<fel (lepafcel, talker.

vocEk, verbal, textual.

vodzlo, on the other hand.

vodim, to speak, talk ; to use
words.

Tof . . . (divof!)

vofin (W), wolfram.

vog, voice

ioV/on, to give sound ; to vote,
give a vote.

vui. properly.

eoik, proper, true.

Tok, talk.

vokab, vocable.

vokad, change of sound.

vohadSi, changing- of sound.

vokal. vowel.

vokalik, vocal —

vokon, to call, cry.

vol, world.

vol, wall.

volad, value price.

voladik, valuable, dear, costly.

voladiik, available.

voladlot, valididy, availableness.

voladon, to avail, be worth.

»oZal. worldliness.

«oto7q/a6,world-alphabet,alpha-
bet of the universal langu-
age.

volapotaJclub, International
Postal Union.

volnpiik; world's language, uni-
versal language, language of
the world.

vola,piika,bled, leaf, paper or
newspaper of the language
of the world.

vola,piilcik, of (in, over, about)
the language of the world.

volek(-ani), realization.

volekon, to realize.

voleka,\(s), language and knowl-
edge.

Voliinan, Volhynia.

volik, worldly, secular, temporal .

volnt, revolution, tumult, insur-
rection.

volutel, rrbel, mutineer, revolt-
er, revolutionist.

volutbn, to rebel, revolutionize
revolt.

Tom, woman.

romsLkleud (kleud i-oinik), nun-
nery.

vomav, gyn.

vomik, female, feminine (yilik,
]i-7nanik).

lomil, little woman (ji-manil).

!;omof(-al), womanliness (ji-
manof).

vomul, girl, little maiden.

von {lo/\6\), blessedness.

v6n(o), formerly, in fca-mer
times, of old, of yove, in
days gone-bye, before (pi).

vonik, blessed, happy.

v'imk, farmer, late, old.

Vosegs, the Vosges.

vot(-am), variety, change.

13

194

GRAMMAK OF VOLAPuK.

vota, , . ., en . . ,, sur . . .
votaflekik, (by the) other way,

turned, other side.
vot&flek&n, to turn round turn

over, turn about,
woia/bmam, transformation.
vod , . ., oter . . .
votiflano, on the other hand,

as to the other side.
Korik, of other . . .
woriko, otherwise, else,
woiikano, once again,
woriko, somewhere else,
worim, the other, balha «orim,

the one the other ; each other

{ialvotik).
uorimik, other (adjective with

balim.ik).
Yotived, to some other place,

elsewhere.
votlik, changeable, variable.
voto, else, in the other case.
voton, to change, vary.
vu! hoy!
vu . . ., inter . . .
vud(-am), invitation.
viidon, to invite,
'vuit, wheat,
vul, root,
viil, arbitrariness.

viilik, arbitrary, arbitrable.

vuloTi, to take root.

wZon, to act arbitrarily.

vum, v^orm, reptile.

viim, lap; womb.

vum&i, kind of worms.

vumik, wormy; worm-eaten.

uwmon, to crawl.

vun, wound.

vun . . . (beviino !)

vunSkA, mark (of a wound).

vunaxn, wounding.

uunasanel, surgeon.

vunik (of a wound, as or like

a wound,
wwnon, to wound,
vilpotel, tell-tale, betrayer.
vupoZSn, to betray.
Viirtemberg, Wirtemberg.
vurtemiergA, Wirtemberger.
vHrtembergik, of Wurtemberg.
viisedal, jovialty, merriment,

quickness of mind, liveliness.
viisedik, jovial, gay, merry

quick, jolly, lively,
vut, fury, rage
vutel, tyrant,
warik, furious, raging.
vutoTi, to rage, be in a fury,

fume.

xab, shaft, spindle, beam.

xam(-am), examination.

xam(-am), inquiry.

xamel, examinator, examiner.

.ramon, to examine.

xamiin, to inquire.

xan, ascent, rise ; step(s), staiif(s).

xanabim, ladder.

xdnMm&step, ladder-step.

xaraed, ising, ascending.

aanon, to ascend, rise, mount.

Xantip, Xantippe.

xarauw (pluMe»am), transform-
ation (of adjectives) into a
degree of comparison.

xanumon, to compare (adjec-
tives, adverbs &c), to bring
into degrees of comparison.

Xaverius, Xaverius.

xeMo, exclusively.

GBAMMAB OP VOLAPUK.

195

Xerxes, Xerxes.

xil(-am), banishment, exile,

proscription.
,TJZon, to exile, banish proscribe,
xiomal, axiom
xol, ox
.roSl, ox-headedness, scantiness

of mind.
^olil, small ox, bullock.

xiilogaf, engraving in wood,

xilography.
xiiloga/el, xiloglyph, wood

carver.
xuloga/e,n, the state of carving

wood.
xiiiogafik, xilographic.
xi'logafon, to engrave on wood,

carve wood.

Y.

ya, already.

yad, 3'ard, back-court.

Taf, Java (Island).

yag, hunting, chase, sport.

yagadb^r, hound.

yag A. hunter, huntsman, sports-
man.

yagt^ik, huntable.

vagen, hunting.

vag^k., huntsmanHke.

yagSn, to hunt, chase.

yak, jacket.

yal, hall.

yam, lamentation, misery, pity.

j^amik, miserable, pitiful, woe-
fnl, wretched.

yamon, to lament, grieve, pity.

yamoTp, pool of misery, vale of
tears.

yan, door.

van, yarn, thread.

yanul. (jbalvd), Januaiy.

Yapan, Japan.

yapdnel, Japanese.

yapamk, Japanese (adj).

yat, squirrel.

ye (before vowels: yed), but,
however, meanwhile, never-
theless, yet.

veb, grass.

yeWs., grassy, green.

yebon, to grazei

yed, See ye.

yeg, object, article.

yegsX, objectiveness.

yegiik, objective.

^e^on, to objective.

yel, year.

yel&JoldoX, quarter-year, fourth

of a year.
yelafol&Ws., three-monthly.
^eZa/bidiliko, every three

months.
yelamul, month of the year,
yelib, the yellow, yellow colour.
yelibik, yellow (adj).
yelMik (ixiyelibik), yellowish.
yelibon, to make yellow, colour

yellow.
^eZik, of the year.
yeleik, yearly.
yelil, short year.
jelmil, quantity of thousand

years.
yelo, a year, per year, annually.
yelon, to be a year since.
jeltum, quantity of hundred

years, century.
yeMp, (course of a) year.
yenog, yolk.

196

(iRAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

yesdel(o), yesterday.

yesrfeHk, yesterday's, of yester-
day.

yi! (mo!), begone! away! out
of tlie road! out of this!
keep back! get 3'e gone!

yidin (Ir), iridium.

yilik, yielding, indulgent.

yilon, to yield.

yo ! (exclamation).

yo ! ( . ).

yob, clover.

yodin (I), Yodiiim.

yof, pleasure, joy, cheerfulness.

yo/ab, lustful person, voluptu-
ous person.

yo/al, -good-humour, cheerful-
ness.

yo/'ik, joyful, cheerful, gay,
merry, jolly, good-humoured.

?/o/lik, longing.

yo/o, joyful, pleasant, cheery.

yof Si, joy fulness

yqfon, to cheer, cheer up.

Yo'an, John.

Yo'ana, Jane.

Yd'anil, Johnny.

yok, yoke.

yokaxa, subjection, submission.

yokon, to submit, subject, ad-
jugate, subdue, yoke, bring
under the yoke.

yono, yon, yonder, at the other
side.

yu! help!

yub, jubilation, mirth.

yulik, rejoicing.

^uJOn, to rejoice.

yubup, jubilee.

Tud, Judaism.

Yuda,n, Judea,

Yudel, Jew.

yudeji, manner of the Jews.

yudon, to act like a Jew.

yuf, help, assistance adjument..

yiif, oupport.

yu/siman, man-midwife, accou^
cheur.

yufwx, helper, assistant.

yuf&tidel, under- teacher.

yuf&velib, auxiliary verb.

yuf&vom, midwife.

yufA, helper.

yufiV, helping, assisting.

yufo, with aid, assisted.

yuf '6 ! help !

yuf 61a., to help, assist,

yuf on, to support.

yufiX, with the aid of.

yul, oath.

ywJacocZof," court of justice, jury^

yulib, bliieness, the blue.

yulibik, blue

^ui«6on'tomake blue,colourblue.

i/ulSs., sworn, confirmed with
an oath.

yulo, upon oath, juratory.

yulii ! mind your oath !

yuloa, to swear, take an oath..

Tulop, Europe.

Yulopal, the fact of being^
European.

Yulopel, European.

Yulopik, European (adj).

Yulopon, to make European..

yulul (velul), July.

yululila, of July.

yum(-am), suiting, becoming.

yum, correspondance, congrui-
ty, fitness.

yumali easy nature.

yumik, easy, agreeable.

yumoi, easy mindedness, suit-
ableness.

yilmoTi., to join; correspond,

yumoTo., to suit.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

197

yun, youth.

yunal, fresh youth.

yur^m, (the) making look

younger,
^wned, moulting, mewing.
!/«7>el, youngman,
^!(nik, young,
yunikum, younger,
j^'inlik, }"outhfLil, juvenile.

yunoTi, to grow young again.

yunul (malul), June.

yunul of June,.

yusit, justice, course of law,

administration of law.
yitsitel, lawyer, jurist.
yusite\&, jurisprudential.
yusitik, judicial, legal,
yut, linum (East Indian flax).

za (ba), about

za in . . ., about in . . .

zab, oats.

zabahul, oatmealpap.

zad, delicacy.

za(&l, tenderness, tender heait-
edness.

zadai,m, heart softening.

zadel, spoiler.

-zadel,' Saturday.

Tadelik, of Saturday.

za(fik, tender, delicate.

zadlik, tenderlike.

zadon (luzatfon), to spoil.

zoik, see baik.

Zakarias, Zacharias.

zal, feast, festivity.

zaZa/offif, feast-octave.

zo7al, festive disposition.

zdliTs., festive, sumptions, splen-
did.

zalon, to celebrate, hold a
holiday.

zam, cement.

zan, quai-rel, strife.

zonal, quarrelsome nature.

zanik, quarrelsome.

zaraon, to quarrel, dispute con-
tend.

zar, czar (Emperor of Russia).

zasin (cs), cesium.

ze, about, tolerable, pretty,
rather.

zeb, barley.

zebum, brain(s).

zed . . . (pozed !).

zeSon, to stop, settle, finish.

zeil, aim, butt.

zeilap . . . (zeilapsin !).

zeilapan, aim, mark.

zeilon, to aim, design.

zel, celebration.

zelad, certainty, surety secur-
ity, positiveness.

zeladii., certain, sure, secm-e,
positive.

zelal, festive disposition.

zeZik, festive, sumptuous splen-
did

zelin (ce), cerium.

zel'OTi, to celebrate, hold.

zem. mortar, lime.

zemaf . . . (zema/on !).

zema/on, limekiln

zemet, centimeter (con).

zemik, calcarious, like mortar.

zen, ash.

zenak . . . (zensikdl !).

zen&kol (ged), ash-colour.

zen&koKk, ash-coloured.

zenrfeZ, noon.

zendelafid, dinner, midday-food

198

GKAMMAB OF VOLAPuK.

zendelik, midday —

zendelmk, midday's —

zendelo, at noon, in the afternoon

zeneit, midnight.

zeneitik, midnight — (adj).

zenod, centre.

zenodamel, mediteranian.

zenodap . . . {zenod&pUn !).

zenod&piin, centre (point).

zenodsxeg, middleway, midway.

zenod, central..., middle.

zenodo, in the centre.

zenodon, to centre.

zenodvi, in the middle of . . .

zeraBn, to burn to- ashes; to
hestrew with ash.

zep (-am), approbation,

zepon, to approve,

zesud, necessity, need.

zesfldik, necessary, needful.

zesudon, to be necessary, be
needed, be needful.

zet ... (pozet !).

zi . . ., over . . ., about,

zib, food, meat,

2z5am, feeding.

zitem, dish.

zib'on, to feed (somebody).

zid, event, occurrence, accident.

zid&, eventful.

ziddn, to occur, happen, take
place, befall.

zied, lemon.

ziedsAAm, lemon-tree.

ziel, surrounder.

zif, city, town.

zif'iX, m.anners of the town.

zi/'el, townsman, inhabitant of
a town,

zifik, townlike, citylike.

zifil, little city, small town,

zifleko, turned, round, wrench-
ed, wrested.

ziflehon, to turn about, turn;

wrench, wrest.
zifoD., to imitate town-people,.

or the manners of the town,
zigad, cigar.
zigad)\., small cigar.
zigolan, to go about, go round.,
zi^'onam, circiilation.
zigonon, to turn or walk rounds

to be in circulation,
zik, zinc.

zikiik, zincy, of zinc.
zikxa. (zn), zinc.
zik'&sx, to cover with zinc,
zil, zeal.

zilag, pair of compasses.
zUagaX, circulation, currency.
zilagbn, to measure with the

compasses,
zilak, company, circle,
zilak, neighbourhood, district,

environs.
ziVal, zealous nature,
zilek, orb, circuit, circle, curve^

ring.
zileksbg, revolution, turn.
zilekik, circular, orbicular.
z«Vik, zealous, active, busy,.

eager, diligent,
zilin, cylinder.
zilbi, zealousness, activity.
zilogaxa, circumspection, pru-
dence, caution.
ziZof^amik (zilogik), circum--

spect, cautious, prudent.
ziVon, to be zealous; to make-

one'sself angry.
zim, centime (coin).
zi8b, cell.

ziobap, cell (in anatomy).
zw6ik (zidbapik), fullof cells.
zispanQn, to overstretch,
zisumon, to embrace, include.. .

GllAMMAU OF VOLAPUK.

199

zit, case, matter, circumstance.

zitat, citation.

zitaton, to cite.

ziton, to \>e the matter, be
the case, happen, occur, take
place.

ziv, citizenship.

^iveg, round-about-way.

ztwel, citizen.

zivik, citizenlike, plain, civil.

22«on, to civilize.

^0, roundabout.

zob, sable (animal).

"zodiak, zodiac.

zog, lingering, loitering.

s6g(-am), neglect, omission.

zo^al, loitering or glow nature.

:zoge\, neglecter, one who omits
or overlooks.

zogoi, slowness.

zog'on, to loiter, linger, lag,
tarry, hesitate, (of clocks:)
to delay.

zQgbn, to neglect, omit, over-
look.

^on, zone.

zon, girdle.

20«on, to gird, gird about, sur-
round with a girdlcj

zoniil, belt, girdle.

zop, pulpit.

■zSt, document, note.

zu, besides, moreover.

zii, roundabout.

zii',.., ... roundabout.

^uafel, suave.

ziid, pickle(s), (an) acid (noun).

ziidai, sour nature.

ziidik, sour.

zM<Zin(o), oxygen.

zwdinik, oxygenated, contain-
ing oxygen.

zudSn, to sour.

zug, vent air.

ziig, register of an organ,

zugalut, draught, current of air.

zngik, windy, draughty.

zugoxi, to be drafty.

ziil, nine.

zulag, circular (letter or paper).

zulagut, circulation ; company
of readers.

ziilagon, to circulate.

ziX\a,gul, enneagon.

Zulan, Ceylon.

zuldil, ninth part.

zule\, number of nine, a nine.

zulelik (a ziil), nine at a time,

ziilelil, small nine.

zaSd, ninth.

ziij/idna, ninth time.

3t»Zidno (2«Znalido), for the ninth
time.

zfiido, in the ninth place.

zjiflk, ninefold.

zaiHko, in a ninefold way.

zSlil, little nine.

2«Zion, nonillion.

zixlmil, nine thousand.

zulmz'tel, number of nine thou-
sand.

'iv\mill&, nine thousandth.

ziilmflido, in the nine thou-
sandth place.

znlmilik, nine thousandfold.

zulaa,, nine times.

za/nalido, for the ninth time.

sttZnalik, nine times repeated.

zaZnaliko, (adverb) nine times
repeated.

ziilmk, of nine sorts,

ziilno, for the ninth time,

z«7on, to multiply by nine.

ztils, ninety.

zulsuhalid, ninety first.

ziilseAil, ninetieth part.

200

GEAJIMAU OF VOLAPUK.

ziilsekil, ninety three.

zUlsena,, nitety times.

zflZsenalik, ninety times re-
peated.

zaZsenik, of ninety kinds.

ziilsiA, ninetieth.

ziilsidno, for the ninetieth time.

z«7sido, in the ninetieth place.

ziilsik, ninetyfold.

ziilson, to multiply by ninety.

ziils turn, (ninety times a hun-
dred), nine thousand.

zaltum, nine hundred.

ziiltnradil, nine hundredth part.

ziilfamena, nine hundred times.

ziiltemenalik, nine hundred
times repeated.

ziiltomid, nine hundredth.

ziiltemido, in the nine hun-
dredth place.

zultamik, nine hundredfold,

zulft/mmil, nine times a hun-
dred thousand.

ZTXltumon, to multiply by nine
hundred.

ziilui, none (music, d).

zUlnl (Setul), September.

ziiliim, nonet.

ziim, circumference circuit, sur-
rounding, circle.

ziimon, to surround, encircle.

zun, wrath, angor.

zunai, hot nature, passionate-
ness, eagerness.

zumk, angry, wrathful.

zMnon, to get angry.

zup (lenlag), party, train (of
followers).

zfipel, follower, adherent, par-
tisan.

zapeliig, adherence, partisan-
ship.

ziip'on, to adhere, stick to (a
party).

zlit, cithern (lute).

ziitel, lute-player, lutist.

ziiton, to play the cither (play
the lute).

ENGLISH- VOLAPUK

NELIJIK-VOLAPtJKIK.

VODASBUK

VOCABULARY.

A.

a, (per, the), a.
abacist, lenumel.
aback, hakived, po.
abandon, liiv'dn.
abandoned, liimk.
abandoner, liivel.
abandoning, luv.
abandonment, liivava..
abase, hapon.
abased, 2>apik.
abasement, lapam..
abasb, kofud&n.
abashed, kofudik.
abashing, ko/udik.
abashment, jemOi.
abasing, hapava.
abatable, lumk.
abate, lunon.
abated, Zunik.
abatement, lunnva.
abater, 'lunel.
abbreviate, hle/Qn.
abbreviated, blefiV.
abbreviation, ble/axa.
abbreviator, We/"(am)el.
abbreviatory, 6fey'(am)ik,
abbreviature, . . . il.
abdicant, klemel.
abdicate, klemon.
abdicated, klenak.
abdication, klem, Aetlid.
abdicative, AetUdik.
abdicator, detlidel.
abduce, kludbn,
abduct, kludbn.

abducsion, kludaxo.

abed, bedo.

abet, stigOTa.

abetment, stigaxa.

abetter, stigel.

abettor, stigel.

abhor, naudon.

abhorrence, naud.

abborrer, naudol.

abide, blibon.

abider, mnlodel.

abiding, dul, blib, stab.

ability, labera, talen, fag.

abject, mojiitoTo..

abjure, kodemon.

abjurer, kodemel.

able, fdgik.

ableness, fag.

ablepsy. blein.

abler, /ajrikum.

ablest, fdgikwa.

ablooate, iSkodutoa.

ablocation, tokoduisna.

ablution, klin&m.

ably, fagiko, faglik.

abnegate, feneswn.

abnegation, fenesiam.

abnegative, fenessamik.

abnegator, fenesael.

abnormal, nenomoma/ik ne-

leodik.
abnormity, nenomomaf.
abode, steb,

abodement, blesen, blesenam.
aboding, blesenik.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

203

abolish, noson, cle;a/on.
aboliahable, nosik.
abolisher, nosel.
abolishing, 'de;a/am.
abolishment, nosam.
abolition , de/a/, le&giv.
abolitionism, de/o/ai,
abolitionist, de/a/el.
abominable, 'etik
abominableness, 'eiof.
abominably, 'edko.
abominate, 'effin.
abomination, le/e^.
aboriginal, rj^adik.
abound, Imndanon.
abounding, bundanik.
about, ba, za.
above, lopu.
above-cited, lopnik.
above-mentioned, loprdk..
abridge, blq/'6n.
abridged, ble/ik.
abridge)', ble/el.
abridging, ble/ik.
abridgment, ble/a,ja.
abroad, selcinik.
abrogate, de;'a/6n, ts,vok'6n.
abrogating, Aej'afik.
abrogation, de/o/am.
abrupt, silpitik.
abruptly, tuspid.
abscess, zzoftap.
abscind, dekotSn.
abscission, defcdiam.
absence, mo6m.
absent, raobinik.
absenter, moSmel.
absolute, lolik.
absolutely, loliko.
absoluteness, ne/wm.
absolution, livapaA;am.
absolve, livapfifcon.
absolver, livapfifcel.

absolving, livapwHk.
absorb, ninsugdn.
absorbable, ninsu^rik.
absorbed, mnsugbl.
absorbing, ninsw^ik.
absorption, ninsu(/am.
absorptive, mnsugik.
abstain, stonbu.
abstainer, stonel.
abstemious, stonik.
abstemiously, s^dniko.
abstention, sionam.
absterge, ni/bn, klinbn.
abstergent, nifik, klinbl.
abstersion, ni/aza, klinaia.
abstersive, nifik, klinbl.
abstinence, stbn.
abstinent, stonik, ma/ik.
abstinently, mafo, stoniko.
abstracted, edeilbl, soalik,
abstraction, dezwjram.
abstruse, dibalik.
abstrusely, dibalo.
abstruseness, dib&l.
absurd, taszaraik.
absurdity, tstsidnot.
absurdly, taszaniko.
absurdness, iasidnoi.
abundance, bundan".
abundant, iiezesudik.
abundantly, bundaniko.
abuse, mi^ebon.
abused, ■pemigebbl.
abuser, mi^ieftel.
abusing, mi^eftol.
abusion, mi^'efcam.
abusive, migebik.
abusively, mi^e&o.
abusiveness, migeb.
Abyssinia, Abiisan.
Abyssinian, Abiisanik.
Abyssinians, Abiisanels.
academial, kademik.

204

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

academian, kademA.
academic, hadevmik.
academially, hadevrnko.
academician, hademA.
academist, hadem^.
academj, kadem.
accede, zepon.
acceding, zepaxa.
accelerate, sun'dn, vif'dn.
accelerated, simol.
accelerating, sunol, vifbl.
acceleration, swnam, j;^am.
aocelerative, suraamik, vifik

sunik, vi/ayxiik
accelerator, sunel, swnamel

vife\, wj/amel.
accent, kazet.
accentor, k.azete\.
accentual, kazedk.
accentuate, kazetoTa.
accentuation, beioiiam.
accept, sumon.
acceptable, liiierik.
acceptableness, luletbi.
acceptably, liileto.
acceptance, sumam, laswm.
acceptation, sumani.
accepted, sum'61.
accepter, sumel,
accepting, sumik.
acceptress, ji-sMwiel, of-sumel.
access. Inlet.

accession, liilet, \uleta,m, let.
accident, zit.
accidental, sidk.
aoclimatie, fctemon.
acclimatization, kliimam.
acclimatise, fcfemon.
acclimatizing, k'iimol.
aoclyvity, xan, kliv, slop,
aocommodable, gebik.
accommodate, blimon..
accommodately, gebik, podk;

segun, ma.
accommodation, 6aZam.
accompanied, kopanol.
accompanier, kopanel.
accompaniment, kopan(am).
accompanist, kopanel.
accompany, fcoparaSn.
accompanying, kopanik.
accomplice, keafeftel.
accomplish, duinQn, le/«Z6n.
accomplisbable, le/ulik
accomplished, pe^'rtol.
accomplisher, lefulel.
accomplishing, \efulik.
accomplishment, duin, le/ufom

duinajW..
accord, haiaxa.
aceordable, segun, ma.
accordance, halaxa..
accordant, 6afamik.
accordantly, ma, segun.
accorder, ftaZamel, lekosUel.
according, a ma, a segun.
accordingly, ma, segun.
accost, lenuorfSn.
accostable, lenvodik.
accoucheur, yufaiman.
account, kal.
accountant, fcaiel.
account-book, kalaJufc.
accouter, ludefcon.
accoutered, lurfefcik.
accoutering, lurfefcam.
accoutrements, luafefc.
accrue, rnddSn.
accrument, modaxa..
accumulate, fcumon.
accumulated, pefcumBl.
accumulating, kumXA.
accumulation, fcumam,
accumulative, temik.
accumulatively, kuimko.
accumulator, /cumel.

GBAMMA-R CF TOLAPUK.

•203

accniacy, kolad.
accmate, kula^k.
accniatdy, itdado.
accoratiiiess, knlad.
accurse, kodemSai.
accnsable, hUumk..
accnsaiioii, kusad.
ac'CasatiTe, kimi/ai.
accnsatonal, kusa£k..
accasatoiy, tusadoi.
accuse, kusadon.
accused, yekusadol.
accuser, kusadeL
accnsiiig, kusa£k.
accustom, kosdrndn.
accnstomable, kosomik.
accnstoniaiilj, kosomo.
accnstomary, koAnoSiL.
accnstomed, kosoniOs..
acerb, leztitfik.
acerbity, lezSd.
acervute, kumon.
ac^cency, zudof.
acescent, zsd\jik.
acetic, zu£k.
acetic-acid, sK<6ii(p).
acetous, zMinik, zu£k.
ache, del, torn,
achievable, dunlik.
achievance, le/Wamof, dunillo.
achieve, dunoTi. \efuldn.
achieyement, don, jen dunam.
achiever, dunel.
aehieving, dunol.
aching, doGk.
adA, zad.

acidefication, ziidaia.
acidified, pezvdol.
acidifier, zSdA.
acidify, zudon.
acidifying, zid6L
acidimeter, zadamaf.
acidity, zudof.

acidness, zadot.
acidulate, zudSn.
axddolated, pezedol.
acidnlating, zSdol.
acidalons, zStDik.
acknowledge, lageron; koefcm.
acknowledger, MseceL
acknowledgement, danai.
acorn, gologa^ui;.
acoustics, ZtZotav.
acqnaint, peseeon, notCn. lenun-

on, nunon.
aqnaintance, not, pesetram, pe-

sereL
acquainted, pesecik, noOk.
acquirable, ^eflik.
acquire, ge&n.
acquirement, getsaa, rob.
acquirer, g^d..
acquiring, ^e<ol.
acquisition, vob, gelBm.
acquisitive, p^edk.
acquit, kUon.
acquitment, kitam.
acquittal, kit.
acquittance, kitam..
acquitted, kUik.
acquitting, kitol.
acrid, lezutfik, j'apik.
acridness, lezSd.
acrimonious, hiet&iik lezutfik.
acrimoniously, hiaSlo yapiko.
acrimonionsness, &iedSL
acrimony, bei^il.
acritical, /aplik.
aeritude, jap.
aerity, jap.
acroamatic, l^nik.
across, ove.
act, dun, rfunam, bit.
act, dutiion, bi&a.
action, lakif, dun, dunam..
actionary, kadiiidel.

206

GBAMMATl OF VOLAPuK .

action-taking, dilswmod, zdnik,

dikod&
active, dudk, zilik, wa'/ik, dunik,

vobik.
actively, vifo, zilo.
activeness, dunoi, zil6i.
activit}', dunof, zilot.
actor, dunel, ■damatel.
actress, ji-damate\, oi-damatel.
actual, vo, Jenik,
actuality, jenoi.
actually, vo ! vo ! velaiXko \
actualness, Jen'6t.
actuate, mufon.
actuated, pemu/61.
actuating, mufdl.
actuation, mu/am,
acuate, japon.
aculeate, stigik.
acumen, yapalSf.
acuminate, japon.
acuminated, japik.
acumination, japum, Japaloi.
acute, Japik, japalik.
acutely, yapaliko.
acutenesB, jap, Japaloi, j'apal.
adage, pUki&avdd.
adamant, diamin.
adamantine, dihminik,
• adapt, geb'OTo..
adaptability, gehoi.
adaptable, gebik.
adaptation, geb, pot, gebura.
adaptidness, geb, pot,
adapter, gehel.
adapting, ^e6ol.
adaptive, podk, gebik. ^
adaptness, geb, pot.
adays, (now-) ; bidelo.
add, la^iwon, suamon, mSd'dn,

gletim.
addecimate, 6aZson.
addeem, cerfSn.

adder, snek.

addice, deig

addict, k'dsekon, hosekim.

addictedness, siik.

addicting, k'osekik.

addition, suamam.

additional, pela^rzwik.

additionally, \&givo.

additive, laf/wiik

addle, »a^ik, ne/erik, To&flukik.

addle-beaded, stupid.

address, ladet, len^itk, fag

address, ladetim, \eav6dcm.

adresser, lenwoc^el,

adduce, laftZznon.

adducent, lenza^rSl.

adducer, laftZenel.

adductor, zugA.

addulce, svidon.

addulcer, SBirfel.

adept, vituel, pefcosefcel.

adept, le/a^ik.

adequate, segun, ma, leigik,

adequately, segun, ma.

adequateness, leig.

adeqviation, leigsxn.

adhere, ziipon.

adherence, zwpeliig.

adherently, aopeliko.

adherer, zup€\.

adhesion, len^rZuafam.

adhesive, kleKk, len^'Zuc^ol.

adhesively, lengludoWsa.

adhibit, geboTo..

adhibition, geb, ^e6am.

adieu, ladyulo ! adyb !

adjacency, nil.

adjacent, nilVi.

adjacently, nilo.

adjection, la^juam.

adjective, ladyek.

adjectively, ladyekVik.

adjoin, \&giv'6n, lenmserfon.

GRAMifAE OF VOLAPUK.

207

adjudge, cdd&ton, coafon.
adjudgement, codai.
adjudicate, lucorfaton.
adjtidicaticm, codat.
adjuducator, coc?atel.
adjumeut, _vuf.
adjunct, l&giv, yu/el.
adjunction, VagivSim..
adjunctive, la^tuik.
adjuration, lebegam.
adjure, le6«^on, plekon.
adjust, gimeton.
adjustable, mufik.
adjuster, gimekel.
adjutor, yu/el.
adjuvant, yu/i)s.; yufeX.
adjuvate, yufbn, fodon.
administer, dugon, namon, lii-

hediinon.
admirability, milagot.
admirable, milagik.
admirableness, milagbi.
admirably, milago.
admiration, milagaxn.
admire, milagoji.
admirer, milagel.
admission, lulet, let, liiZeiam.
admit, Inletbn, dalon.
a.dmittable, lule&.
admittance, zepan, zep, lulet,

let.
admix, l&mig'dn,
admixion, migaxa., mig.
admixture, pern,
admonish, momedbn.
admonished, monedik.
admonisher, monedel.
admonishing, monedsbin,
admonishment, moned.
admonition, monedava.
admonitive, moned]ik.
admonitivily, monedliko.
admonitor, monedel.

admonitory, monedbl, monedik.

admove, niilon.

adnoun, ladyek.

adopt, sumon.

adopted, sumik.

adoptedly, sumiko.

adopter, sumel.

adopting, sum'61.

adoption, sumam.

adoptive, sujnik.

adoration, leplek.

adore, leplekbn.

adorer, lepZeiel.

adoring, l^lekik.

adoringly, leplekiko.

adorn, dekba.

adorned, dekik.

adorner, dekel.

adorning, dekik.

adomingly, dekiko.

adornment, dek.

adown, don, disi.

adriatic, adriatik.

adroit, j^amalik.

adroitly, flumaliko.

adroitness, flumal.

adry, nelilmik.

adstriotion, ietan.

aduncity, klug.

aduncous, klugik. .

adust, sigbl.

advance, m.ostepbn, fodbn.

adanoing, jnostepbl.

advanced, pemosiepol.

advancement, jnostep, fod,

fodam.
advancer, jnostepel, /odel.
advancive, fodik.
advantage, fod, fodaxa..
advantage, fodon.
advantageous, fbdik.
advantageously, yoffiko, /odo,
advantager, fodel.

208

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

adtfene, laiomon.
advent, zid.
adventitious, zi£)s..
adventitiously, zido, zidiko.
adventure, ventur.
adventure, ventUron.
adventurefuU, ventUnk, wenwrfik.
adventurer, ventHrel.
adventuresome, venturik..
adventuresomeness, begii&l.
adverb, ladvelib.
adverbial, ladvilibik.
adverbially, ladvelibo.
adversary, toel.
adversative, iaik.
adverse, ta, taik,
adversely, taiko.
adverseness, lied,
adversity, lied, rt&lab.
advert, toe^ron, lu/ondn, senitovL,
adverted, senitik.
advertence, senit.
advertent, senz'rik.
advertently, senito.
adverting, seniAk.
advertise, noton.
advertised, -penotol.
advertisement, not.
advertiser, notel.
advertising, notik.
advice, konsal.
advisable, konsalik.
advisableness, konsaloi.
advisably, Iconsalo.
advise, konsaWa.
advised, konsalik.
advisedly, konsdliko, siieniko.
advisedness, siien.
advisement, konsaliaa.
adviser, konsalel.
advising, konsalQl.
advocate, lavogel,
advocation, plouorf.

adze, deig.
adzing, deigik.
aerate, luton.
aerated, lutik,
aerating, lutol.
aeration, lutum.
aerial, luta,.
aeriform, luta/omik.
aeronaut, lutana/el.
aeronautic, lutana/ik.
aeronautism, lutana/am.
afar, fagik.
afer, anVxvesudsLvien,
affability, kein, menSl piikoiof,
affable, pUkotik, keinik.
affableness, pUkotoi, menal keiii.
affably, keino.
affair, jaf, din, zid.
affect, lepon, steifon.
affectation, steif&xn, mj</al.
affected, meug^k
affecting, pidik.
affectionaly, pwflko.
affection, liedoA..
affectionate, ladMk, zadi^.
affectionateness, ladM, zad.
affective, dolik
affectively, cfoZiko.
affectuous, dolik.
affeer, svan., besjon.
affere, szon, besion. '

aflSance, mata^fiwe;.
affidavit, plan yulik.
affied, konMoX.
affirm, sion, beszon.
affirmable, szamik.
affirmably, szamo.
affirmance, sj'am.
affirmant, saamel.
affirmation, szam.
affirmative, sjamik.
affirmatively, siamo, sj'amiko.
affirmed, s&l.

GBAMMAK 07 TOLAPuK.

20ft

affirmer, seiunel.
affirming, ^tiainik.
afBz, 'posSab.
af&x, la^ipon.

affixed, -posilabol, positoHk.
affising, ^a^ivol.
affizion, la^ir, la^n;am.
affixture la^tcam, iagio.
afflation, stigam.
afflict, glumou.
afflicted, glumoL
affiictedness, gltaial.
afflicter, glume].
afflictiiig, glumik.
affiictingly, glumiko.
affliction, glmn, torn,
afflictive, gbimik.
afflictivelj, glumiko.
afflnance. bnndan.
affluent, nezesudik.
affluently, nezesudo.
afflnxion, bundan.
afford, laJZmon.
afbanchise, libon.
afEranchised, libol.
affiranchisement, liv, linnm.
affranchising, Zzi^ol.
affray, j'ekon.
affreight, iodon.
affreighted, lodol.
affreighter, lodel.
a&eighting, lo£k.
affireightment, lodam.
a&ight, jek.
affrighted, jelak, j'dcol.
afiightedly, jeHko.
affirighter, j'ehel.
aSrightfal, jelak.
affrightftilly, fetiko.
affrighting, jelak.
affirightment, jet, /efcam.
affront, no/on.
affironted, nofol.

affroater, no/el.

affronting, nofol.

affirontingly, tiqfiko.

affirontive, nofik.

affy, konfidon.

afield, /elo.

afire, Jilo.

aflat, keglunik, kestokik.

afoot, futo.

afore, bofo.

afiraid, tlepik, dleldk, temipik.

afresh, denu.

afric, JUcopik.

Africa, Kcop.

Afiican, Fikopel.

afront, viso, tiisZ.

aft, po.

after, po, pos.

after-aU, hle/o.

afternoon, pozen<2e2.

afterwards, poso.

aftward, hdldved.

again, denn, <2enuliko.

against, a, ta, kol.

agape, InZc^ik.

age, Mled.

aged, hale£k, vonik.

agency, A/nanet.

agent, t^unan.

aggrandizable, gletomk.

aggrandize, gletoa.

a^randised, glelSi.

a^randizement, gletam.

aggrandizer, gletel.

aggrandizing, gleiSl.

aggrayate, hiedou, jikulon.

aggravated, ^kuZik.

aggravating, Jikulol.

aggravation, fi}cula.m, hiedaxa..

aggr^ate, kumon.

aggr^ated, kunak.

aggregately, kumo, kunako.

aggr^ating, ^mol.

14

210

GEAMMAU OP VOlAPuK.

aggregation, fcumam.
aggregative, fcumik.
aggregator, kumel.
aggrievance, leglif.
aggrieve, legli/Qii.
aggrieved, glnmik,
aggrieving, legli/ik.
aggroup, gluppn.
aggrouped, glupi)s..
aggrouping, glupoi.
aghast, felol.
agile, vi/ik.
agilely, vifo, /bwiko.
agileness. vif,
agility, vif.
agitable, mu/iV.
agitate, lemu/on., mufbn
agitated, lemufol.
agitating, m«/ik.
agitation, muf.
agitative, mufik.
' agitator, tZunan.
ago, iegolik.
agog, desidik.
agoing, golol.
agonize, tomon.
agonised, tomol.
agonising, tomik.
agohisinly, Zomiko.
agony torn, letlep.
agree, balamon.
agreeable,les«mik,Zo/lik, plidik.
agreeableneas, plidoi, lofio/.
agreeably, lesumo, Zo/lika, jj^zdo.
agreeing, ftaZamik.
agreeingly, balamon.
agreement, halaxsr
agricultor, plaud(^, fele].
agricultural, lanedaMik-
agriculturalist, lanedel.
agriculture, lanedai.
agriculturist, lanedsd.
aground, gluno.

ague, fif.

aguish, jS/ik.

aguishness, fi/ikaxa.

ah! a! ag!

aha, a!

ahead, kapo.

ahoy ! kauto !

aid, yuf.

aid, yuf'an.

aidance, yuf&TO..

aided, yufol.

aided, yufoi.

aidless, nej/wrtk.

ail, lusoMnon.

ailing, Zusaunik.

aim, desan, desein, zeil.

aim, zei'Zon.

aimer, zeil€i.

aiming, jseiZol.

aimless, nezez'Sk.

air, lut.

air-punip, lutapom.

airy, Zurik.

aisle, flit&A

aisled, flitSadJA.

ait, nzsM&l.

alack ! liedo !

alacrity, yof.

aland, l&no.

alarm, boset,

alarmed, Vosetoi.

alarming, Joserik.

alarmingly, hoseto.

alas, pa! liedX).

alaud, kleiVik.

alb, kor2kjit.

albatross, tepsibod.

albeit, ifi.

ale, sneics&i.

alegar, hilnvinig.

ale-glass, hUaglat.

ale-house, labot, Zo<6p.

ale-house-keeper, lotel.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

211

ale-measure, bil&maf.

alert, 6(7/olik.

alertness, vif.

ale-vat, bilatuh.

algor, lekalod.

alias, voto.

alibi, ■moiin.

alien, fogimh.

alienate, foginon.

alienated, /ogin'dl.

alienating, fogitiolik.

alienation, fogins.m..

alife, lif\k.

alight, donZeZon.

-aKke, togo, \6leigo.

aliment, miliid.

alimental, nulu£k.

alimentally, nuludo.

alimentariness, nuljidoi.

alimentation, nulud&'m.

alimonious, niiludik.

alimon}', niilud.

alive, lijik. lif'6\.

all, valik, i-flZikos, saik. ~

allay, iniido'n, leiton.

allayer, leitel, meiladel.

allayment, miidaxa, meilad.

allegation, zitatajn..

allege, zitatbn, Isiblmon.

alleger, zitatel.

allegiance, Jiedal.

alleging, zitatik.

alleviate, leiton, miidon,

alleviated, leitol, miidol.

alleviating, leitik

alleviation, marfam, meiladajn.

alley, lal.

alliance, fed.

alliciency, fed.

allied, /ed6\.

alligate, ietanon.

aliigating, fetonol.

alligation, feian.

alligator, klokod.
alliteration, tondb&rim.
allocate, lasewon, luZeion.
allocation, laseu, VMet, let,

liiZgfam.
allocated, laseubl.
allocator, laseuel.
allocution, leupUk.
allot, serfiVon.
allotment, ssdil, diloA.
allottable, sedilik.
allotted, sedilik.
allotting, sedilnm..
allow, dabon.
allowance, dab.
allowed, dabol.
allower, dabel.
allowing, dab&.
alloy, lal

all souls-day, Va.Taeli/iVa.zdl.
allure, baton.
allured, hatii, bdibl.
allurement, bdtazib.
allurer, bcitel.
alluring, batik.
alluringly, Jariko, bdto.
alluringness, bdtal.
ally, fed.
allying, fedol.
almightily, lemefco^ levaliid.
almightiness, lernek, levalud.
Almighty, liemekel, lievaliidel.
almond, lamatnk.
almond-tree, lamatakabim.
almoner, limunel.
almonry, limunani.
almost, ti.
alms, limun.
alnage, met3,maf.
alnager, meiama/el.
aloft, siiso.
alone, soalik, leJaflk.
along, ve.

212

GRAMMAll OF VOLAPuK.

aloof, /apik.

aloofness, fag.

alotid, klielils..

alphabet, lafab.

alphabetic, la/abik.

alphabetically, lafabo.

alpine, lapik.

alpist, lafA.

Alps, laps.

also, i, id, also, Akod.

altar, latam.

alter, ceznon, voton, deuoion.

alterable, votlik, dewortik.

alterableness, wriikam.

alterably, uoriiko.

alteration, cein, cej'nam, vot,

votaxa..
alterative, vo&, oeinik.
altercate, dikodon, ^anon.
altercation, dikodof, zanaxa.
altern, cenon
alternant) cenik.
alternate, cenik, rerj^ik.
alternately, rezipo, deniko.
' alternateness, cereal,
alternating, cenik.
alternation, cenam.
alternative, cenik.
alternatively, ceniko.
alternativeness, cenSf.
although, ifi, do.
altiloquence, geilal.
altiloquent, jretValik.
aititijide, geilvig.
alto, telidsivdg.
altogether, tugedik, loliko.
aluminium, Itimin.
am, (J am), binob.
amability, kein.
amalgamate, mig6n.
amalgamated, mig'6\.
amalgamation, migaxa,
amass, kumon.

amassed, ^m'6\.
amaze, stunon,
amazed, siimol.
amazedly, stun'oliko.
amazedness, stanblam.
amazement, stun.
amazing, stonik.
amazingly, sMniko.
ambassador, deputal.
ambiguity, telinegiii.
ambiguous, telinegik.
ambiguously, telinegiko.
ambiguousness, te/;ne^5f.
ambit; ziim.
ambition, dimtusuk.
ambitious, dinitasfiHk.
ambitiously, dinitasaHik.
ambitiousness, dinitasaiifclofv
ambulant, spatik, spatol.
ambulate, spatbn.
ambuscade, neletuh.
amDush, neZe«(iib).
ambushment, neZefam.
ambustion, Jiledam..
ameliorable, menodik.
ameliorate, menodbn.
ameliorating, menodik.
anlelioration, menod.
ameliorator, lefulel, menodei^
amen ! vo ! yenosod !
amenabilily, cdti/'6{.
amenable, cotifik.
amenably, co^yiko.
amend, menodon..
amendable, menodik^
amendatory, menodik.
amended, pemenodOl.
amender, menodel.
amending, menodol.
amendment, menod.
amends, gudaxa, guv.
amenity, venud.
amerce, ponadon.

'GRA.MMAK OF VOLAPiiK.

213

amercement, p'6na.i.
amercer, joanadel.
America. Melop.
American, melopel.
-americanism, melapai.
americanize, melopJTi.
amiability, kein, Iqflot.
amiable, kelnih, lofad^ik.
amiableness, kein, Zo/lof.
amiably, fcemiko, Zo/liko.
amicability, kein, flenal.
amicable, _^enik.
amicableness, _/?enal.
amicablj", flentko.
amid, zenodo.
amiss, vad&.
amity, fleniig
ammonia, moniak.
ammoniac, moniak.
among, bevii, la.
amorist, Zo/al, ladal.
amort, nelanimik.
amount, suam.
amount, sudmon.
ample, veitik, liegik.
ampleness, veit, magif.
ampliate, gleton, veiton.
ampliation, glet&vi, veitaxa.
amplificate, gleton, veitoix.
amplification, gletsim, veitAva..
amplifier, glet^, veitel.
amplify, veiton.
amplitude, spad, veit.
amusable, drolik.
amuse, ^aZon.
amused, galik, ytegdlol.
amusement, drol, gal.
amuser, gdlel.
amusing, galik, drolik-
amusingly, gdliko.
an, bal, halos, os-bal.
anabaptism, denu^of^awa^.
anabaptist, Aenngoda,valah.

analogical, sumlik.
analogically, «ismliko.
analogicalness, siimoi.
analogism, s^mal.
analogist, siimel.
analogize, silmbn.
analogous, siimik.
analogously, s«miko.
alagogue, siimik.
analogy, siim.
analysis, iilimaia.
analytic, diKj«ik.
analytical, Ailimik.
analytically, diZi'miko.
analyzable, dilimik.
analyzableness, diilimoi.
analyzation, di'imam.
analyze, dilimbn.
analyzed, ^edilimoi.
analyzer, Ailimel.
analyzing, dilimbl.
anatomical, diilimaJcanik.
anatomically, diZimafcano.
anatomist, Ailimel.
anatomization, iilimaxa.
anatomize, Ailimbn.
antomy, A'llimxicin.
ancestor, nlfat.
anchor, nak.
anchor, naknn.
anchorsmith, nafcel.
ancient, stdnel.
ancient, vonik.
anciently, vono.
anecdotal, konik.
anecdote, kon.
anecdotic, konik.
anecdotist, fconel.
anew, denu.
angel, lanel.
angelet, lanelil.
angelic, toraelik.
angelically, toneliko.

214

GEAMMAE. OP VOLAPiiK.

angelicalness, /areelof.
angel-like, lanelik.
anger, zun.
angered, zwraik.
angerly, zunlik.
angle, em&spad; gul, luspad.
angled, gulik.
angle-meter, gulamaiel.
angor, \edol.
angrily, xumko.
angry, zunik.
aanuish, tlep.
anguislied', tlepik.
angular, gulik.
angnlarily, gul'di.
angularity, ^uZiko.
angularness; guWi.
angulate, gulon.
angulous, gulik.
angust, »aMk.
anight, neito.
animadversion, blam{a.m).
animadvert, hlamUn.
animal, nim.
animalculist, nmavel.
animate,Zan8n, lamimbn,heUf6n,
animate, li/i)s., lifiik.
animated, li/ik.
animating, Toelifol, helifik.
animatingly, helifiko.
animation, lansxa.
animative, toreol.
animator , lanel.
animosity, 'et zun, lezun,
annex, lapzwon.
annexation, la^'zwam.
annexion, Istgivaxa.
annexment, lajrzVam,
annihilable, nqsik..
annihilate, »oson.
anniMlater, nosel.
annihilating, nosbl.
annihilating, nosol.

annihiliation, nosam.
annihilator, reosel.
anniversary, yelsik, vayeflk^
annotate, reotedon.
annotation, noted.
annotator, noteAel, notel.
announce, no^on.
annoiinced, penoiol.
announcement, not.
annoucer, nofel.
announcing, noibl. ,
annoy, vexadbn, tomon.
annoyance, ve-raden, tova..,
annoyer, vexadel.
annoying, vexadik..
annual, yeZik.
annually, ayel, yeZiko.
annul, noson.
annular, linik.
annularly, Imiko.
annulary, linik.
annulate, reoson.
anoint, smivbn.
anointed, pesmivSl.
anointer, smeuel.
anointment, smiven.
anomaloris, neraomama/o.
anomalously, nenomamafo..
anomaly, laenomamaf.
anon, foviko.
anonyme, neraemik.
anonymous, neraemik.
anonymously, nenemiko.
another, nog bal, telid, votik^

worimik.
answer, gepiik, gesag.
answer, gepiikon, gesagon.
answerable, cofa/ik.
answerableness, coti/bi.
answerably, co'fa/iko.
answerer, gepiikeil, gesagel.
ant, if, so.
ant, fum.

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPuK.

215

antagonism, toal.
antagonist, tael.
antagonistic, taeXik.
antagonize, toelon.
antagonizing, taelik.
antagony, taa,\, tapiikal.
ant-catcher, fumel.
antecedent, vomk.
antecessor, higolel.
anterior, uonik, biio. -
anthem, Tcor&kamit.
antic, V6f\k, drol\k..
anticipate, blesenon.
anticipation, , Mesenam, blese/i.
anticipative, blesenlik.
antidotal, tovenodHk..
antidotably, tauenodlik.
antidote, tauenod.
antidotical, tauenorfik.
antidotically, tauenocZiko.
antipathy, naud,
antiquarian, hal&huke]..
antiquate, idledHn.
antiquation, ialedajn..
antique, haledaiik,
antiquely, uoniko, vono.
antiqueness, baledstt.
antiquities, bdledotB. ■
antler, fin, piin.
anxiety, tlep.
anxious, tlepik.
anxiously, tlepiko.
anxiousness, kud, tlep, desid.
any, semos, sem, bos, ek, sem-

hal, nog.
anyhow, aliko.
anywhere, semop, egef(o).
apace, vif.ik, /owiko.
apart, Jlano, detillo.
apartment, cem.
apathy, nesera, lusen.
ape, lep, Zepan, lepA.
ape, lep'6n.

apertly, flano.
apex, piin, tip, top, hopuv..
apiece, a samad.
apish, Z«pik.

apishly, Jepiko, lepo, Zeplik.
apishness, lepdi.
ApoUonia, Apolonia.
apologist, se.Tcusad^\.
apologize, s,6lcumdon.
apologizer, s^kusadA.
apologizing, sekusadoi.
apologue, fab.

apology, iehusadaxa., sekusad.
apolectic, fldpik.
apoplexy, flap.
appostasy, nefied.
apostate, ne^ec^el.
apostatical, nefiedik.
apostatize, v.efied6n.
apostle, opostel.
apostolic, apostelik.
apostrophe, lenpuk.
apostrophic, \enpukik.
apostrophize, lenuMon.
apothecary, potekel.
apall, j'ekon.
apalling, Jekik.
appallingly, jekiko.
appalment, j'ekam..
apparatus, bliim.
apparel, klotud.
apparel, kloton.
apparent, kliilik.
apparently, kliiliko,
apparentness, kliil.
apparition, pub, spuk.
appeal, kusad.
appeal, kusadon.
appealable, kusadik.
appealer, kusadel.
appear, pubon, kliiki\kon,jin'6n.
appearance, pub, Invelat, sma-
velat, jin.

21(3

GKAMMA.R OF VOLAPuK.

appearer, jiriel, pubel.
appeasable, kotenliV, piidlik.
appease, kotenbn, piidon, stiloji.
appeasement, koten&m., piidsbm.
appeaser, kotenel, p&del.
appellant, Jlagel.
appellation, benemam.
append, ziipon, slopon, lenlagoia..
appendant, lenZa^ik.
appendix, la^gw.
appertain, lonon.
appertaining, Zonol.
appetence, desid!im.,ateii,steif&xa. '
appetibility, desid.
appetite, potit, desidsbia., yof.
applaud, pUedon.'
apple-tree, apoda,Mm.
appliable, gebik.
appliance, geb, gehSbm..
applicability, geboi.
applicable, ^eMk, da^'e&ik,
applicablenesSj gehoi.
applicably, gelAiko.
application, geb, gehava, suseit.
applicative, ^'eftlik.
applicatorily, ^e51iko.
applicatory, gebik.
applier, gebel.
apply, geboTo..

appoint, eaten, notedon, lonon.
appointee, pecatel.
apppinter, cdlel, Zonal, notel.
appointment, cal, c«Zam, lonum,

bud.
apportionment, dilaxa, leiga-

mafik.
apposite, yumik, pSdh.
appositily, yumils.o.
apposition, lagivuxa.
appraise, ledivon.
appraisement, diiv.
appraiser, divel.
appreciable, divik.

appreciate, ledivon,
appreciation, ledivsaa.
apprehend, suemon.
apprehensible, suenak.
apprehension, kapalnh. suetnoi.
apprehensive, suemik.'
apprehensively, s««raiko.
apprehensiveness, suemoi, died,
apprentice, /uZel.
apprize, nunodbn, noton, nun'dn.
apprizement, rawraod.
approach, m'Zam.
approach, nilQn.
approachable, mVik.
approachableness, nilof.
approacher, nilel.
approaching, nz'Zol.
approachless, neKnik.
approachment, ««7am.
approbation, lasew.
approbative, lasewik.
approbator, lasewel.
approbatory, lasevlik.
appropriable, lenZdnik.
appropriate, Zonik, pa6k.
appropriate, lenZiinon, gebon.
appropriately, pato
appropriateness, pat.
appropriation, lenZonam .
appropriative, lenZonik, patik.
approvable, Zo&lik, pUedik.
approvableness, ZoMof.
approval, ISsev.
apppove, ZoSon, lasevdn,
approvement, lasew, menod,

gtidikmnava.
approver, lasewel, .TO'mel.
approvingly, laseuiko.
approximate, nilii.
approximate, nilon.
approximately, za, ba.
appulse, jok, Zanam.
April, apul.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

217

April-fool, apulastupel.

apt, Mierak, fagik, skilik.

aptaUe, klienik, potik, geliik.

aptitude, klien, Sg.

aptly, klieno, fago,

aptness, klien, f8g, vata,n.

aquarius, sitia^n.

aqneons, vatik.

aqueonsness, vatot.

arab, rabdnel.

arabian, rahdnel.

arabic, raJonik.

arabicaUy, ro&anlik.

arable, iumik.

arbiter, cocfel, cSdaiel.

arbitrable, viilik.

arbitrarily, »KHko.

arbitrariness, viilot i-i7l'Al,

arbitrary, viilik..

arbitrate, codon, codofdn, cod-

aton.
arbitration, codat.
arbitrator, co<fel, c6da,te\.
arboriculture, himasey.
arborous, himik.
arbour, /otil.
arcanum, klan.
arct-bob, glop, jop.
arch . . ., gle . . . ; le . . .
arch, jopon.
archducal, dUkaMk.
archduchess, ji-dukal.
archduke, diikal.
arched, jopik.
Archipelago, Arhipelagos.
architect, bumnmasel.
archlike, Joftlik.
archly, Jopik, hohik.
archwise, bobKk.
arctic, noludik.
arcuate, hohbn.
arcnation, hohana, king,
ardency, zil, zUSX, 'it.

ardent, sJZik, 'irik.

ardently, ziliko.

ardentness, zil.

ardour, 'it, zil, desidam.

arduous, _^uZik.

arduously, fJaiki.

arduousness, fikul.

are (we), hinoins.

area, plen, kam.

arefaction, neZumam.

ajrenaceous, sa&ik.

arenarious, so&ik.

arenose, sa6ik.

argent, silefik.

argentation, silefava..

arguable, he/eitik.

argue, feiton, ildfon, dispiUon.

arguer, feitel.

argument, blof, disput

argumental, Mijfik.

argumentation, Wo/am. disput-

am.
argumentative, hlofik.
argute, /apalik.
arid, neiumik, sigik.
aridity, nelum. sig.
aries, si;>]p, jip
aright, efe.
arise, sustonon, vedon.
aristocracy, baon.
aristocrat, noftel, haonel, baon.
ajristocratic, nobik, iaonik.
aristocratize, haonon.
arithmetic, fcaZav.
arithmetical, kalavik.
arithmetically, kalamko.
arithmetician, kalayel.
arm, vaf.
arm, lam.
arm, vaf on.
armament, vaSaMim.
armature, »a/am.
armed, va/ik.

218

GEAMMAB, OF VOLAPUli.

Armania, Raman,
armenian, ramarak.
armillary, tobik, linik.
armorial, vafils..
armour, kurad.
amour bearer, vafel.
arms, vafa.
army, milit.
aromatic, pitik, vapik. ,
aromatize, piton, vdpbn.
aromatized, pitik.
aromatizer, pitel.
aromatizing, piliam.
aromatous, vapik, pitik.
around, zo, lino; zii, zi.
arouse, stigon.
arow, fcedik.
arraign, kusad6n.
arraigning, kusadik.
arraignment, kusad.
arrange, giraefcon.
arrangement, lonmrn..
arranger, gimekel.
arrant, badlik, mek'o&k'.
array, dek, leod, klots.&.
array, leod'on, dekiin, kloton.
arrear, ret. , .

arrival, k6m, na.kdm.
arrive, nafcojnon.
arrogance, rog.
arroganoy, rog.
arrogant, re^ik.
arrogantly, rogiko.
arrogantness, rogbi.
arrogate, ro^on.
arrogation, rog.
arrogative, roglik.
arrow, sagit.
arrow, shaped, sagitik.
arsenic, senin.
art, kan.
artery, veib.
artful, kanik.

artfully, ,i;aniko.
artfttJ^ss, kan.
article, yeg, laltiig.
articular, ye^^ik.
articulation, Zzmam.
artilize, luifcareon, kanbn..
artillery kanen. , ,
artillery-man, kdnel.
artisan, kareal.
artist, kctnel, kanal.
artiste, of-fcanal.
artistic, tenalik, kanelik,
artistically, fcgnaliko.
artless, nekanik.
artlessly, mkariiko
artlessness, nekanbl. ,

as, as, as.
asbestus, lasbed.
ascend, xiinoTi.
ascendency, flun,
ascencion, a;»ned.
ascent, xS,n, xdneA.
ascertain, le.'ja^'on, lepwfcSn.
ascertainer, saamel.
ascertainment, \esag, lepuk.
ascetic, soalel.
ascribable, Zficorfatik.
ascribe, liicodaibn.
ascription, Kco'&tam.
ashes, zen.
ashore, lano.
ashy, zenlik.
asian, silopik.
asiatic, silopik.
aside, flano.
asif, a.sif.
ask, sdkon.
askance, flano.
asker, sakel.
askew, tavelik.
asking, sdkbl.
aslant, tavelik.
asleep, slipo.

GKAMMAR OF VOLAIUK.

219

?ilope, ^5ik.
aspect, to^od.
asperity, liied, jap,
asperons, lue£k, j'apik.
asperse, vaton, slanJoiL.
asperser, iia/el, slan%\.
asperrion, cofam, ilanam.
aspersive, eodk.
asphalt. s£al.
asphaltic. s/alik.
aspirate, sukaa.
aspirated, sithaX.
aspirating, sulak.
afpiiation, sfik.
aspire, stetfon.
aspirer, steifA.
aspiring, steifajs., steif.
aspiring, steifik.
a;pi?iiigly, steifo.
aspiiingness. sleifdX, susdX.
asquint, tavelik..
ass, cnk.
assaxt, fotsttifen.
assassin, niolodfA-
assassinate, molodon.
assassinated, molo^l.
assassinating, molodSs^
assassination, nwlodmn.
assassinator, nwlodA.
assatilt; tep.
assanlter, tepA.
assay, blnf.
assay, blufon.
assayer, bh^el.
assay-master, blufeh
ass-driver, cuhel.
assemblage, konlet.
assemble, konleton.
assembled, konletol.
assembler, konJetel.
assembling, ktmletsaa.
assembly, konlet.
assembly-room, korUetucem.

assent, zep.
assent, zepon.
assentation, zepam.
assentator, zepel.
assenter, zepeL
assenting, zepik.
assentingly, zepo.
assentive, zeplik.
assentment, zep, zepava.
assert, lesa^on, lepiikon.
assertion, sisLva.
assertor, lesc^el.
assess, divon, duvoa.
assessable, dieik, toladik.
assessablv, AViko, tolado.
assessment, rfipam.
assessor, duve\.
asseverate, noeloa.
asseverated, noeZol.
assCTerating, noelaxa.
asseveration, noeZam.
ass-head, cuHl.
assidnity, eoftal.
assidaons, vohik.
assidnonsly, nobo
assiduousness, dut.
assign, lucot&ton.
assignable, IncoJatik.
assignation, fonam, lasig.
assignee, ■pelasigel.
assigner, lasigel.
assignment, lasig.
assignor, Zas^el.
assimilate, leigon.
a^imilation, leigara.
assimilative, leigik.
assimilatory, leig]ik.
assist, yufon, Idson.
assistance, yuf.
assistant, yu/el.
assister, yufel.
assisting, y«/ik, yufoi.
assize, blatnon, noledon. lonSn.

220

GRAMMAU OF VOLAPUk.

assizer, lonel, hlamel.
assizor, blamel.
ass-like, cukik,
associability, iaZamof .
associable,' 6a?amik, kopa.nik
associableness, Jcopanug.
associate, kopanal.
associate, tetanba, kluhon, hof on.

balon.
association, kopanow., fcZu&am.
associative, halaniik.
associator, Mubel.
assort, sotHn.
assorted, pesoiol.
assortment, sotaxa..
assuage, piidbn, so/on, mildon.
assuaged, sofik, pepwfZol, miidik.
assuagement, mSifam.
assuager, miidel,
assuaging, miidik.
assuasive, miidlik.
assuefaction, k(5sbin.
assuetude, sddod, kbsSm.
assume, sumiin, niludon.
assumer, swmel, niludel.
assuming, sumol, ro^ik.
assumption, nilud.
assumptive, niludik.
assurance, fSse/; lesag'.
assure, Iesa5rbn,lepu^5n,fiise/0D.
assiired, fose/ik. •
assuredly, Vo.

assuredness, sef, zelad, fum,
assurer, fbse/el, se/el.
astonisli, stunon.
astonislied, pestonol.
astonishing, stereik.
astonishingly, stoniko.
astonishment, stun,
astound, stunon.
astounded, stunik.
astounding, stanol.
astoundment, stun.

astral, stelik.

astray, polik.

astrict, lenzugm.

astricted, lenzugol.

astriction, len^w^am.

astrictive, lenzu^ik.

astringe, kotareon, kozugon.

astringer, kozugel.

astronomer, stelxvel.

astronomic, sfeZavik.

astronomically, sfeZaviko.

astronomize, stela,v'6n.

astronomy, stelaY,

asunder, livik.

at, al; jil; in; su; len, zi, zu, do.

athenian, otenel.

athirst, nelilmik.

athlete, komipel.

athwart, tavelik.

atilt, flano.

Atlantic, mel atlantik.

atlas, kaedafcomZe^.

Atla^, Atlan.

atlas, lesatin.

atone, ^oraadon.

atonement, pdn&di.

atoner, ^onadel.

atony, ^onad.

atop, ktin, Kno.

atramental, mgik.

atrocious, le/eHik.

atrociously, lej'ekliko.

atrociousness, le/efcam.

atrocity, lejekof.

attach, ^mon.

attachable, ^mik.

attache, deputsil.

attached, fimol.

attaching, fimol.

attachment, fled, fekum.

attain, rivon, da^eton.

attainder, rivel.

attained, perjuol.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAftiK.

221

attaiaing, rivol.
attamment, riv&m..
attaint, jemodon.
attainted, jemoiik.
attainting, jemoAbl.
attaintment, jemod.
attainture, sten, kusad.
attemper, meiladoa.
attempered, meilado\.
attempt, steif.
attempt, steif on.
attempted, steif 6\.
attempter, steif A.
attempting, steifaxa.
attend, senitaa, loegaa.
attend, kalon, hediinon.
attendance, kal, berfanam.
attendant, kdlA, diinA.
attender, kdh\.
attending, kdlol.
attent, senitik..
attention, senit.
attentive, senitik.
attentively, senito.
attentiveness, senit.
attenuant, slemk.
attenuate, sfenon.
attenuated, slemik.
attenuating, slenol.
attenuation, sienam.
attest, noelou.
attestation, »oe/am.
attester, noelA.
attesting, noeZam.
attestive, ncelik.
attestor, noelel.
Attica, Atikan.
attire, klotad, klot, dek.
attirer, dekel, klotel.
attitude, fom.
attitudinal, /omik.
attorney, lavogel.
attract, lenzugon.

attractability, lenzu^am.
attractable, \evizugik.
attracted, lenzi^od.
attracting, \ejizvg6\.
attractingly, l&azugiko.
attraction, lenzug.
attractive, lexizugik.
attractively, lenzu^iko.
attractiveness, leiizug.
attractor, len^i^el.
attrahent, lenzu^ik.
attributable, liicodsAik.
attribute, liicodaton.
attributed, liicof&tol.
attributing, liicorfatik.
attribution, lucorfatam.
attributive, luco<fe,tik,
attune, benotonon.
attuned, benotonol.
attuning, benotoream.
auburn, \eblonik.
auction, sel man^ik.
auctionary, selel manifik.
auctioneer, selel manifik.
audacious, kinik.
audaciousness, Mn.
audacity, kin.
audibility, lilaxa.
audible, lilik.
audibleness, lil&m.
audibly, ?i7iko.
audience, luKtels.
audience-chamber, lilotucem.
audit, leZi7on.
auditor, \ulilel.
auditory, Ziiotacem.
auditress, ji-liiZiZel.
auger, le^jm.
augment, modon.
augmentable, modik.
augmentation, njoffam.
augmentative, mocZlik.
augmentor, model.

222

GRA.MMA.H. or VOLAPUK.

augmenting, mbd&.

augur, plofeton.

augurate, plofetoji.

augured, pldfet(i\.

augurer, plofetel.

augurial, pldfe&.

auguring, plofetik.

augurist, plofetel.

augury, pldfetam.

August, gustul.

august, subimH.

augustly, suhimo.

augustness, subim.

aula, lecem.

aunt, ji-n(5k, of-nok.

autioular, Ula. . . .

aurist, lilasarael.

aurora-borealis, noludaZii.

auspice, gbn, jel.

auspicious, gomk.

auspiciously, jroniko.

auspiciotisness, lab.

austere, jalepih.

austerely, jalepo.

austereness, jalep.

austerity, jalep.

Austral, swtedik.

Australia, Talop.

Eiustralian, talopel

aiitentic, dokUmik.

authentically, dokiimiko.

authenticalness, dokiim.

authenticate, dohiimon.

authentication, leg^ra.

authenticity, leg.

authenticness, leg.

author, lautei, lukA, rigA,

p«»adel.
authoress, of-toutel, ji-to«fel.
authoritative, riget\k.
authoritatively, - nperiko.
authoritativeness, riget&\. '
authority, riget.

authorization, valudaMi.
authorize, valiidoa,
authorized, valudik.
authorizing, mefcadik.
authorless, neriget.
autograph, togaf
autographal, togafik,
autopraphic, togafik.
autography, togafen.
autumn, ilukaft'm.
autumnal, flukaft'mik.
auxiliar, yu/ik.
aiixiliarverb, yufaueKft,
auxiliary, yufik.
avail, veil, pSfiid.
, avail, veilSn
available, veilik, pofilAik.
availableness, valdd^oi.
availably, pofildo.
avant-courier, spide\.
avarice, monal.
avaricious, monalik.
avariciously, jnonaliko.
avariciousness, moreal.
avast, stopo

avaunt, mo ! mot'6 ! yi !
avenge, vinditon
avengeance, vindit.
avengeful, vinditik.
avengement, vindit.
avenger, inndiiel.
avenging, vinditik
avenue, lal

aver, lesagon, lepHkbJi.
average, diameto.
averaged, diametiik
averment, szamj
averred, siam.
averring, szamik.
aversation, naud.
averse, nawiiik.
averseness, naud.
aversion, naud, 'et.

GBAiniAE OF VOLAPiiK.

223

aviary, hddnfanuh.
aTidious. desidik.
avidiously, desiSko.
avidity, desid.
avocat, lavogel.
avocation, netoam.
a vocative, neteflk.
avoid, Bi'/on.
avoidable, vitik.
avoidance, vit. viisaa.
avoider, vite\.
avoiding, vi6k.
avoidless, neuSik.
avolation. fug.
avouch, lesa^on, lepniton.
avouehable, lesagik.
avouched, lepaifcik.
avoucher, lepBtel.
avouching, lesag, lepat.
avouchment, lepuk, lesag.
avow, koefbn.
avowal, Jtoe/".
avower. toe/el.
avowing, koefik.

await, valadon

awaiting, valadik.

awake, neslipik.

awake, galon

awakened, neslipik.

awakener, mekol galon.

award, corfat.

award, codon, corfofon. codaton.

awarder, codel.

awarding, codatam.

aware, iiotol.

away, mofo, yi! mo!

awe, filed.

awful, Alo£k.

awfully, zeZiko, Jilo£ko.

awfolness, seZam.

awkwaid, glohik.

awkwardly, ^toftiko.

awkwardness, glob.

awless, nefilodik.

awry, stoftik.

axe, cop.

axiom, xiomal.

ay, si.

B.

babble, Inpukot.
babble, \upukan.
babbler, Inpatel.
babe, cUiL
babery, cHapleda/iin.
babish, luctZik.
babishly, InciZiko.
babishness, luctZal.
baby, ciSl.
bacchanal, kopel.
back, bak.
back, ge, bakired.
back, idkon.
backward, naiuSk..
backward, haMved.
backwardness, naud.

backwards, bakiuerf.

bacon, pinaniiY.

, , ( had\ik,

°^' j feorfik, ftodugik.

badge, vodaniaZ, valapeded.

badly, badlik, naudol.

badness, bad, hadng.

baffle, I'anam.

baffle, panon.

baffled, ronik.

baf^r, »anel.

baffling, vanol, «anik.

bafflingly, paniko.

bafBingness, oanof.

bag, sak.

bag, safcon.

224

GKAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

bagatelle, smalei.

baggage, pakera.

bail, spon.

bailable, sponik.

bailee, sponel.

bailiff, calnn.

bailiwick, calsmacal.

bairn, C87il.

bait, bataxzi.

bait, baton.

baiting, bat, latum.

bake, iak'dn.

baked, peSaiol.

bakehouse, baken.

baker, bakel.

bakery, bakem

baking, bak, bak&ica..

balance, leig^ixa.

balance, vaton..

balcony, bakun.

bald, nudTk.

balderdash, kofiid.

baldly, nitdlUk.

baldness, niid.

baleful, jifemalik.

balefuUy, glumSX^o.

balefulnesB, glumS\.. ' ;

balk, bem ; felad.

balk, dtoji.

balking, citsxa..

balkingly, czVlik.

ball, daniidakokom.

ball, glop.

ballad, kaniiem..

ballad-maker, fcanj^emel.

ballad-singer, kanitel.

ball ad- writer, kamtema,penel.

balloon, balun.

balm, zied&pii.

balneary, banacem.

balneatory, banacemik. •

Baltic, Lefiidame/, melftaZtik.

band, tlup, tan, tonad.

band, tonon. ,
bandage, feianod.
bandit, \uman.
bane, rub, venod.
bane, venodoVi.
baneful, raiik, venodik._
banefully, rasJiko.
banefulness, riiboi.
bang, flap,
bang, flapon.
bangle-Z»am6n.
banish-rfon.
banisber-a;z7el.
banishment, xil, u-ilava..
bank, dam, bam, leb6b._
banker, kade\.
bank-note, noiit.
banner stan.
bannered, stdnik.
banneret, stmil:
bannock, zSihakek.
banquet, lmkip3,ia..
banquet, Unkipon.
banqueter, linkipel.
banqueting, lmkipa.va..
banter, cog.
banter, co^ron, kofon.
banterer, cogel, kqfei.
bantering, cogik.
bantling, cilil.
baptism, goiskvat.
baptismal,: godauaiik.
baptismally, godavatiko.
baptist, godaua/el.
baptistery, goiavatabasin...
baptistic, godauarik.
baptistically, godauadko.
baptizable, godauaJik.
baptize, goAavat'dn.
baptized, godauarik.
baptizer, goda?'a<el.
baptizing, godatiaiol.
bar, bar.

GRA\ntAR 0¥ YOLAPUK.

225

barb, balib.

barbarian, vute\.

barbaric, vutik.

barbarity, le/eHkof.

barbarize, vutiin.

barbajorous, vuilik, lejeldk.

baibaroronsly, wuriko.

barbed, talibik.

barber, balibel.

barber, balibeion.

bard, kanitel.

bare, n«dik.

bareboned, nepmik.

barefaced, ne/emik, holotH.

barefacedly, ne/emiko, 6o/oriko.

barefacedness, ne/embf, bolot.

barefoot, ne/«Hk.

barefooted, ne/«Hk.

barely, te.

bareness, nild.

bargain," lemon, Aalamon.

bargain, stip, si^am, leni,Zia2am.

bargainee, lemel.

bargainer, setel.

bargaining, stipa,ni.

bargainor, .«fiZel

bark, jal.

bark, j'alon.

barkless, ne;alik.

barky, Jalik.

barley, zeb,

barley-cake zebafcefc.

barley-sugar, zehajveg.

barley-water, zehaxat.

barm, lef.

barmy, lefik.

bam, fliikop

barometer, balomet, stomaMe-

senel.
barometric, 6aZometik.
baron, iaonel.
baronage, baon.
baroness, ji-baonel.

baronial, baoneiik.
barony, baon.
barrack, kasen.
barrack-master, kasenacz/.
barrator, dikodel.
barrel, tub.
barrelled, tubik.
barren, ne^uHk, sigik.
barrenly, ne^uHik.
barrenness, nefet.
barrister, lavogel.
barter, tok, aetok.
barter, tdk'dn.
barterer, tokei.
bartbolomew, Bartolomaus.
basalt, kolumasfon.
base, baf, stab,
base, 6apik.
baseless, nestabik.
basely, 6apiko.
base-minded, bapik.
base-mindedl}', Japifco.
base-mindedness, Jnpal, bap.
baseness, bap.
basbfal, dimik, jemik.
bashfully, dimiko.
basbfalness, dimal, dim.
basin, basin,
basin-shaped, ftosjnlik.
basis, stab, stabin, fiin.
bask, solaj;anion.
basket, baset.
bass, baf.
bastard, nelegik.
bastardism, debid, neleg.
bastardize, deftM^on.
bastardly, neleglik.
bastardy, neleg.
baste, kedon.
basted, kedik.
bat, flita?n«/^.
batable, hefeidk.
Batavian, BatafdnA.

15

226

GRAMMAB. OF VOLAPUK.

batch, bakot.
bate, lunon.
bateful, zfimk, dikodik.
batb, ban.
batb-briok, banasion.
batb-obair, bana,stul.
bathe, 6an6n.
bathed, banol.
bather, banel.
bath-hotel, hiinsdoted.
bathing-machine, banacira.
, bathing-ttib, banatafc.
bath-room, banacem.
bath-season, sasod.
bath-stone, banasJon.
bating, pla, sumii.
baton, spatin.
battalion, batan.
battalioned, batanik.
batten, pinon.
battening, pins-m..
batter, /ofcSn.
batterer, Jokel.
battle, pug.
battle, pugon.
battlement, kren.
battlemented, krenik.
bavin, boadi&tuf, letuigaiuf.
bawble, imalmi.
bawbling, smalmk,
baw-cock, fop,
bawdily, nepwerfo.
bawdiness, napued.
bawdry, Ta.tpued.
bawdy, nepwet^ik.
bawl, liTuofcon.
bawler, luvokel.
bawling, luuofcem
bay, jemoi.
bay, mnkikon.
bayard, jeval blomk,
bayard, stupei.
bayardly, stupelit.

bazar, bazam.

be, bmQn.

beach, jol.

beachy, /oZik.

beak, Inmud.

beaked, Iwmudik.

beaker, kop.

beam, bem, stal,

beam, stalon.

beaming, stalUl.

beamlesa, nestoZik.

beamy, stalik.

bean, bon.

bean, cod; bona^'ai.

bear, ber,

bear, pol6xi, sufcm., hlinon.

bearable, sii/ik.

beard, balib.

beard, todoia.

bearded, balibih.

beardless, Jiebalibik.

beardlessness, nebalib.

beardy, balibMk.

bearer, ^oZel; blinel.

bearing, pol, polaxa, seit, tag,
kodot.

bearish, fterlik.

bearlike, 6erik, ierlik.

bear's-grease, beraptn.

bearskin, berasfcm.

beast, nim.

beastlike, wimik.

beastliness, nimoi.

beastly, svimk.

beat flapon, nokon.

beater, raoM, flapel, Jokel.

beatific, beadk.

beatiflcally, beatiko.

beatification, 6«aiam.

beatify, beaton.

beating, flapen.

beatitude, beat.

beau lumagifel.

GKAMMAB. OF VOLAPiiK.

227

"beauish, Iwmagifik.
beauteous, jonik.
beauteouslv, fdniko.
beauteoiisness, jon.
beantifled, dekii..
beatitifior, dekel.
beautiful, Jonik.
beautifully, Joniko.
beautifulness, jon.
beautify, dekon.
beautifying, deka,m,
beauty, jon.
becalm, stil'dn.
because, ibo.
bechance, jenon, zidon,
beck, vineg.
beck, vinegon.
beckon, vinegon.
"beckoning, vineg.
become, vedon, lepoton.
becoming, potik, leporik.
becomingly, potiko.
bed, bed.
bed, bedon
bedabble, vaton.
bedabbling, vatanoa.
bedaggle, stenoji, mioton,
bedaggled, stenol.
bedasb, stenon.
bedasbed, stenik.
bedawb, stenoa, mioton.
bedawbed, stenol.
bedawbing, steoram.
bedazzle, hleinon.
bedazzling, blemaio.
bed-chair, beda,stul.
bed-chamber, heds.cem,
bed-clothes, bedastof.
bedded, bedik.
bedder, bedel.
bedding, bedastoj .
bedeck, tegon, \adek6n.
bedecked, tegol.

bedecking, Iwdek..
bed-hangings, lieA&bifoins.
bedim, ne/iedon.
bedimmed, -n&fiedbl.
bedimming, ne^erfam.
bed-linen, bedafe'aj
bed-maker, bed&mekel.
Bedouin, Beduin
bed-presser, bedapedel.
bedraggle, slamon.
bedraggled, sldmb].
bedraggling, sldmam.
bedrenoh, levaton.
bedrenched, leua^ol.
bedrenching, levatam.
bedroom, bedncem.
bedside, hedaflan.
bee, bien.
beech, bueg.
beef, bubamzrf; mit.
bee-hive, bienarfom.
bee-house, bienadom
bee-master, bienafcipel.
beer, bil.

beer-barrel, bilatoft.
beer-engine, bilacj'n.
beer-house, bilarfom.
beer-shop, hilaiuig.
bee's wax, biena,vak.
beetle, caf.

befall, jen6n, zi'tbn, zidcna.
before, biifo
before-cited, lopmk.
beforehand, biio.
before-mentioned, I'dpmk..
beg, Jefcon, begim, daJe^bn,

sdkon.
beget, mo/on, paZ6n, faton.
begetter, palA.
beggar, begA.
beggarliness, pof, def.
beggary, pbf, def.
begin, begin.

228

GRAMMAU OF VOLAPuK.

begin, heginon,
beginner, beginel.
beginning, 'beginam..
begird, zonon, zaimon.
begirded, zonik.
begirding, zo«ani.
begone, mo ! mof'6 ! yi !
begrease, besmjaon, sienSn,

mzoion.
begrime, sie»6n, miotoTO..
begrimed, sienik, TOJorik.
begrimer, sten&\, miotel.
begrudge, hlamon.
beguile, kd/on.
beguilement, cut
beguiler, ciitel.
beguiling, cuAt.
beguilingly, ciito.
behalf, pbfiid.
behave, tdgoTa, kodoton.
behaving, tagik, kodotik.
behaviour, tag, kodot.
behead, fca^Bn.
behind, po.

behold, logeAon, lenZo^redon.
behold, ek6\
beholden, bligik.
beholder, logeAel, len/05'edel.
beholding, Zo^edam.
behoof, ned, pSfiid, koven.
behoovable, po/Hdik, kovenik.
behoove, dilton, nedon, zesiidiin,

lepoion, leWnSn
behooveful, kovemk, pofiidik.
behove, dutSn, lepotSn, leZonon.
being, Bibin, aibinel.
belay, ninfcifcCn.
belch, luspuion.
belch, lasputajn.
belcher, luspwtel.
Belgian, beljUnel.
Belgium, Beljan.
belie, neveladon, nevelatou,

belief, klod.

believable, klodlik.

believe, kldd6n.

believer. Model.

believing, konfidik.

believingly, konfldiko.

belike, laweZarik.

bell, gl5k.

bell-founder, glokngifel, glokal^

bell-foundry, glbka,gi/'en.

bellicose, kligik..

bellman, glokel, sevokel.

bell-ringer, glokel.

belock, kikon.

belong, Zoreon, te/on.

beloved, peZo/ik.

belovr, diso.

belt, zon.

belt-maker, bredel.

bemire, miot'dn..

bemirement, miot&m..

bemoan, pid^n.

bemoaning, pid&va..

bemoaner, pidA

bemock, kofon.

bemourn, pidHn.

bench, bam.

bencher, cddel.

bend, klug.

bend, blegon, flakon, diblegon^

bendable, fldkik.

bender, spanel.

bending, klug, plif.

beneath, diso.

Benedicta, Benedikta.

benediction, Idbadaia.

benedictory, Za&adik.

benefactor, benudel.

benefactoress, ji-benodel; of-

benodel.
beneficence, benodot.
beneficent, benodik.
beneficently, benodiko.

GRAMMAR 01' VOLAPuK.

229

beneficial, pofiidik.

beneficially, po/udiko.

benefit, pSfiid, benoi.

benefit, pof/idoa.

benevolence, benal.

benevolent, benalik, gdnik..

Bengal, Bengalan

benign, io/lik, gdnik, lefterak.

benignant, lefienik.

benignantly, lebeno.

benignity, leben.

benignly, lof\iko,gdrnko, lefteno.

benison, MSadam.

bent, king, slop, kliv, top, jalep.

"bepaint, bepanon.

bereave, helapindn, salapinoa.

bereavement, sulapinma.

berry, bal.

■berth, nakAplad, n&iaplad.

bescrawl, mioton.

bescreen, jelfm

beseecb, begon, dafce^on, bekoTi,

plehon, leSe^on.
beseecher, leJe^el, plekA.
beseeching, lefte^ik.
beseechingly, pleko.
beseem, \&p'6t6n, dutbn, lelonon.
beseeming, leporik.
beseemingly, lepato.
beseemly, lep'oto.
beset, mnkikon.
beside, pla, sumii, niiii.
besides, pla, sumii, mln.
besmear, stenon, mioton.
besmearer, miotel, stenel.
besmearing, miota,m..
besmoke, smokon.
besmoked, smoHk.
besmut, stenon, mioton.
besmntted, sfenik, miotik.
besom, svip.
besomer, svipel.
bespeak, hepiikon.

bespeaker, bepiifcel.
bespeaking, hepUkanx.
bespot, stenon, mioton.
bespotted, stenik,
best, ^urfikunos.
bestain, mioton, stenon.
bestow, givon, ditibon, gebon.
bestower, givA.
bestud, dekon.
bestudded, petZeWl.
bestudding, dek, deka,m..
betake, lenkonfidon, divodon.
bethink, d.a,tikon.
bethral, yokbn.
bethralling, yokam..
betide, jenon, zidon.
betoken, malon, plofeton.
betokening, malskm.
betoss, lemu/on.
betray, viipoion, tldton.
betrayal, tlat.
betrayed, peiteZol.
betrayer, ^Zatel.
betraying, tliiak, tlalol.
betrayment, tlatava.
betrim, dekon.
betrimmed, dekik,
betrim ming, deksim, dek.
betroth, matapomeion.
betrothal, matapomei.
betrothment, matapomeiam.
betrust, lenkonfidHn.
betrnsting, lenfcoTi^dol,
betrustment, lenkonfid.
better, gudikum, plu.
better, modug, modtinum.
better, menodon.
bettering, fod, fodam, menod.
betterment, gudiknn&ni, f6d,

menod, fdda,m.
between, bevii.
betwixt, bevii.
bevel, sZo&ik.

2S0

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

beverage, cllin.
bevy, tlup.
bewail, pidon.
bewailable, pidik.
bewailed, hepidol.
bewailer, pidA.
bewailing, ptd&m..
bewailingly, pidiko.
beyailment, pid&ra.
beware, jepbndk.
beweep, pidon, dleniin.
bewitch, magugon.
bewitched, magiig\k.
bewitcher, magiigei.
bewitching, magiigik.
bewitchment, magiig&Ta.
bewrap, veadSn.
bewray, viipoZon.
bewrayed, vupol'dl, sapitol.
bewrayer, viipoZel.
bewraying, -viipolawr.
bewrayingly, vfipolamo.
bewrayment, vupoUra.
beyond, fcilo ka,
biangular, telo^rittik
biangulate, telagruHk.
bias, slop,
biasing, slopik.
bible, bib.
bicker, Inpugon.
bickerer, lupu^el.
bickering, lupugol.
bickei'n, lelap«re.
bid , sdkon , Je^on , begHn ,

bidder, hekel, begel.
bidding,- bekam, beg.
bide, blibon.
biding, Mibstm, stebajn.,
bier, polSerf.
bifold, telik.
biform, (eZfomik.
biformity, tel/om.

big, gletik, pienik, bigik^
biggin, bum, bumoi.
bigness, glet, big.
bigot, ladevodel.
bigoted, \udevodik.
bigotedly, Indevodo.
bigotry, ludevod.
bijoutry, bijut.
bilge, naf&spud.
bilk, ciit.
bilk, ciiton.
bilked, c&tol.
bilking, ciitaxa, ciit.
bill, kalsxa.
bill-book, fcaZamafeufc.
billet, biliet, zot.
billiard, biUadon.
billiard-marker, markA,
billiards, biliad.
billion, telion.
billow, vaislwhel.
bimane, ieZug, namik
bimanous, telnamik.
bin, cet.

binacle, hopad&domiL
binary, balsA.
binate, ieZug.
•bind, 'op&gleip.
bind, ianon, bligaa.
binder, tonel
bindery, tonen.
binding, tanik.
biographer, lifanwraodel.
biographic, lifanureodik.
biographioally, lifanMnodo,
biography, lifanMreod.
bird, bod.

bird-cage, bodafamib.
bird-call, bodaM/eZ.
bird-catcher, bodel.
bird-catching, bodsiia^
birder, bodel.
birdlike, bodlik.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

231

Ijirdlime, \)6da^lud.
birdlimed, boda^rZudik.
bird-man, h'ddel
bird of Paradise, paladaftdd.
birds-nest, bodalnbed.
birth, motd{.
birth-day, motofiulel.
birthless, ne?noi6f.
birth-night, motSlnneit.
birth-place, mot'6ta,plad.
biscuit, svib.
bisect, /a/on.
bisected, Za/ik.
bishop, b^op.
bishopdom, bijopab.
bishoped, byopik.
bishop-Hke, bijopiik.
bishoply, &yopliko.
bishopric, ftyopik.
bismuth, visin (Bi).
bismuthal, visinik.
bismuthic, visinik.
bissextile, Tel delas 366.
bit, il, dil; ieitot.
bitch, ji-dog.
bite, beit.
bite, heiton.
biter, heitel.
biting, beitik.
biting, heilam.
bitingly, beitiko.
bitless, nebeitotik
bit-maker, beitotel.
bittacle, kopadaeem.
bitter, 'erik, ftiefflk-,
bitterish, bied^ik,
bitterishness, bied.
bitterness, 'et; bied.
blab, lupafcon.
blabber, lupukel.
blabblii^, lupafcpt.
black, 6Za^ik.
black, bldgon.

blacksmoor, bldga,n.
blacked, blilgol.
blacken, bliigan.
Black-Forest, 'Elafot.
blackguard, jdpel, temip&\>.
blackguardism, jap, temip&i.
black-horse, \A&jeval.
blacksmith, lelel.
blamable, blanak.
blamableness, blamsna.
blamably, fttamiko.
blame, blam.
blame, blamon.
blamefal, blatmk.
blamefally, blarmko.
blamefulness, ftZajnam.
blameless, neftZamik.
blamelessly, neJZamiko.
blamelessnesB, neftZom.
blamer, blam&\.
blameworthy, ftZamik.
blaming, blam.
blanch, »joak.
blanch, vwton..
blanched, vi'itol.
blanoher, viSiei.
blanching, vioten.
bland, meiladik.
blank, vietik.
blank, vanon.
blanked, vanol.
blanket, teg lainik.
blankness, viet.
blaspheme, sZanon.
blasphemer, slanel.
blaspheming, slan.
blasphemous, sZanik.
blasphemously, sZanliko,
blasphemy. sZanam.
blaze, flam,
blaze, flamon.
blazer, pakel.
bleach, viot.

232

GBAMMAll or VOLAPUK.

bleach, vtotoa.
bleached, vid&.
bleacher, vibtel,
bleachery, vioten.
bleachfield, viot.
bleaching, viotum.
bleak, neledik.
bleakish, neZetflik.
bleakly, neZetfliko.
bleakness, neled.
bleaky, neledik.
blear, daegik, dagit.
bleed, blud'on.
bleeding, hluda-Ta.
blemish, yemod.
blemish, JemoAon.
blemished, JemoAik.
blemishing, Jemoium,
blamishness, JemoAoL
blemishment, jemoAnTn.
blend, migon.
blended, migik..
blender, migel.
blending, mig&m..
blent, peroijrik.
bless, labadon.
blessed, labadVs..
blessedly, Zafeadiko.
blessedness, \elab.
blesser, ZaiJadel.
blessing, Zaiad.
blind, bleinik.
blind, hlein&a..
blinded, hleimik.
blinder, bleinel.
blindfold, bleinon.
blidfolded, bleinik.
blindfolder, bleinel.
blindfolding, bleinam.
blinding, bleinam.'
blindly, bleino.
blindness, blein.
■bliss, beat.

blissful, beadk.
blissfully, beaAko.
blissfulness, lelab.
blissless, nefeearik.
blissom, lenepuedon.
blithe, gdlik.
blitheful, gdlik.
blithely gciliko.
blitheness, gal.
blithesome, gdlik.
blithesomeness, gal.
block, pulit, nelet.
block, ninkikon.
blockade, ninfctfcam.
blockade, ninkikon.
blockading, ninto'fcam.
blockhead, stupeX.
blockheaded, stupik.
blockheadism, stupsjl.
blockheadly, stupelik.
blockish, stupik.

blockishness, stup.

blood, blud.

bloodily, blu£ko.

bloodless, nebludik.

blood-letter, veinel.

blood-like, bludlik.

blood-sucker, gib.

bloody, bludik.

bloom, flol.

bloom, folon.

blooming, flolik.

bloomingly, floliko.

bloomingness, floloi.

bloomy, Jlol^k.

blossom, floled.

blossom, flolon.

blossomed, floleAik.

blossoming, flol'ol.

blot, sten.

blot, stenon, miolbn.

blotter, stenel.

blotting-paper, flumapiip, ne-

GllAMMAll OF VOLAPiiK.

233

lum&pb'p.
blow, flap,
blow, bladon, vieiton.
blower, hladel,
blowing, bladol, vienol.
blowy, vienik
blowzy, ledaciyii.
blue, yulib.
blue, yulibili.
blue, yiUihon..
blue-coloured, yulibik,
bluely, luyulibii..
blueness, yulib.
bluff, globik.
blu&ess, glob,
bluish, layiUibik.
bluishly, hiyulibo.
blnislmess, hiyulib.
blunder, pok.
blunder, pokbn.
blunderer, ^ojfcel, stupeh
blunder-head, stopel.
blunt, globik, nejapils..
blunt, nejapon.
bluntly, globiko.
bluntness, glob, nejap.
bluntrwitted, ne;'apalik.
blur, sten.
blur, stenon.
blurred, stenik.
blush, ledon.
blushful, le£k.
blushing, ledaci^.
bluster, luglol.
bluster, hoseton, luglolbn.
blusterer, lu^Zotel.
blustering, lu^tofik.
blusteringly, Ingiolo.
blustrous, luglolik, bosetik.
board, boed, flul ; niilud.
board, Jlulon.
boarded, Soetfik.
boarding-house, nuludof.

boarding-school, ntiU<da.t, da-

dukoTp.
boast, \vigloL
boast, Inglolon.
boaster, laglolel.
boastful, lu^Mik.
boastfully, lu^ioZo.
boastfolness, lugMoi.
boasting, luglolik-
boastingly, \nglolo.
boat, smana/", lunaf.
bodement, plofetstm.
bodily, kopik.
body, kop.
body, fombn, magon.
bog, lulak.
boggle, co^on.
boggier, zogel.
boggy, lulakik.
bog-house, plivod.
bogle, lu(2A;al.
boil, kukon, kiekon
boiled, kiikik.
boiler, kukel.
boiler, caf.
boisterous, tepik.
boisterously, tepiko.
boisterousness, tepa\.
bold, kinik.
boldly, feniko.
boldness, kin.
bole, himststam.
boll, tuig.
Bologna, Bolonya.
bombast, lu^Zo2
bombastic, Inglolik.
bombastry, luglol.
bonbon, juegH.
bond, tan, fed, Jan.
bondage, bliga,m..
bondmaid, of-lefa6el, oi-slaf.
bondman, leiaftel, slaf.
bond-servant, lefafcel, slaf.

234

GKAMMAR OP VOlAPilK.

bond-service, lelahet.

bondslave, le^aiel; of-leZaJel.

bondswoman, oi-lelahel ; ji-slaf.

bone, bom, log.

bone, Jomon, logon.

bone-ache, homadol.

boned, iomik, logik.

bonnet, k5f.

bonneted, fco/ik

bonnily, gcilo, yofiko.

bonny, yo/ik.

bony, Jomik, liigik.

booby, stupe\.

book, buk.

book, bukon.

bookbinder, huksianA-

bookbindery, 5ufcatoien.

bookbinding, Su&ataream.

bookish, 6uMik.

book-keeping, 6ufem.

book-maker, hukA.

book-monger, buka.teda,ri.

bookseller, bukaselel

bookselling, buka,teds,m.

boon, yufik.

boon, le^juot.

boor, /e/el; globel.

boorish, lu/e/elik, /etelik.

boot, but; Itgii'

boot, veilo'o..

booted, bu6k.

booth, bnig.

bootless, nebutik.

bootlessly, nebuAko. »

bootlessness, nebut,

booty, lapin.

borachio, i;o^el.

borax, boin (B).

border, mied, sim.

border, simon., miedQa.

bordered, sj'mik.

bore, gim.

bore, gimoii.

boreal, noliidik.
borer, gim, gimei.
boring, giniam..
born, pemorik.
borough, kased.
borrow, sponoTa.
borrower, s^onel.
borrowing, s/ionam.
bosom, kldnon.
bosom, viim.
botanic, pZanavik.
botanically, planarviko.
botanist, jsZanavel.
botanize, pZanavon.
botanizing, ^Zanavam.
botany, plana,\.
both, io/ik.

bother, vexadbn, tomon.
bottle, flad.
bottled, fladik.
bottom, glun.
bottom, stabon.
bough, bimaZam, tuigj
bounce, bun.
bounce, bunom, lujiZoZon.
bouncer Junel, lu^ZoZel.
bound, mied, miad; bun.
bovind, miedon,
boundary, miad.
bounteous, givoSk.
bounteously, givii/iko.
bounteousness, givoi.
bountiful, givoSk.
bountifully, givoSko.
bountifulness, givot.
bounty, gw6i, gub.
bourgeois, sif.
bourn, mied.
bouse, kopon.
bow, bob; flakskm.
bow, blegOn, Jldkon.
bower, bledad.
bower, nmkikon, IbdOn.

GBiVFAROF VOLAPuK.

•235

bowery, bled'iiik.

bowl, bovil.

box, bok

box, punon.

boxer, punel.

boxing, punam.

boy, pul.

boyish, p«/ik.

boyishly, pu/iko.

boyishness, pulika.ia.

boy's-play, pulapled.

brace, tan.

brace, tenon, tanon,

brack, blek, vag, gap.

brag, luglol.

brag, hxglolon.

braggart, lu^'Zd'el.

bragger, Inglolel.

bragging, \nghl.

bragging, higlolol.

braggingly, lu^Zo?iko.

bragless, neln^Wik,

braid, flok, snob. y/«ot.

braid, flokon.

braiding, flok.

brain, zebmn.

brain-fever, zebumafif.

brainish, zehurmk.

brainless, nezefti'mik.

brait, diamin liiedii.

brake, fotil.

braky, stigik, bufadik..

bran, glem&jal.

branch, bimaZam; tuig, tabled.

branch, bima/amon.

branched, bimaZamik.

brancher, bimaZamel, xAfat.

brand, filaftoac?.

brand, filaTnafcon.

hrajidy, filawzn.

brangle, zaiioji, dikodon,

brangler, zanel, dikodel.

branny, glem&j'alik.

brasier, kopedel.

brass, koped; kupin.

brassy, kopedlik.

brat, cil; kuv.

bravado, \aglol.

brave, ktnik, ba/olik, snaAk.

brave, lu^ZoZel, kinel,

bravely, venildiko, kino, haf'

oliko.
bravery, kin, magifen.
bravo ! bafo !
brawl, hoset.
brawl, b'dsetaa.
brawler, boseiel.
brawling, boserik.
brawlingly, boseriko.
brawny, kinik.
bray, Ivvokem
bray, lui-oi-on, jokon.
brayer, luuoAel.
braying, jokWk.
braze, soldon; ueAuZ/t-on.
brazen, glob\k, nepeti(/H-61.
brazen, glob^n.
brazenfaced, ne;emik, holohk,

glohik.
brazenly, ne/'emiko.
brazenness, bolot, ne/emOi,
brazier, kopedel.
breach, blek.
bread, bod.
breadless, nebodik.
breadth, vid.
breadthl^ss, nevidik.
break, blek.
break, blekon.
breakable, blekik.
breaker, blekel
breakfast, goled.
breakfast, goledon.
breakfasting, golednia.
breaking, blekik.
breast, blot.

236

GEAMMAR OF VOLAPftK.

breast, hlot'on.

breasted, ilotik.

breath, blad, natem, vienil.

breathe, natemon,

breathing, natem&va..

breathless, n&natenak.

breathlessness, nenatem.

bred, pedarfu^i)!.

breech, blit.

breeched, hlitik.

breeches, blit.

breed, kuvim..

breeder, kuvA.

breeding, Tcuv&th.

breeze, vienH, Zouik.

breeze, u!en(il)on.

breezeless, neuienik.

breezy, viemk..

brethern, kemens, gems.

breviature, 6Ze/am.

brevity, blef.

brew, hU'ou.

brewage, liloi.

brewed, iiZik.

brewer, &27el.

brewery, hil&a..

brew-house, Jz'ten.

brewing, hiKi.

brickmaker, tejnel.

bridal, roatedik.

bride, yL-gam.

bridegroom, gam.

bridge, pon.

bridge, po»6n.

bridged, ^onik.

bridging, poraam.

brief, suarmk, blefiV.

briefly, suamo, ble/o,

briefness, blef.

briery, spmik.

brig, pon.

brigade, brigan,

brigade-major, briganamaj^or.

brigadier, briganel.

bright, kliilik.

brighten, klilon.

brightening, kliUra..

brightly, klicliko.

brightness, klul, klil.

brillancy, nid.

brillant, nidih.

brillantly, nidiko.

brillantness, nidbi.

brim, sim.

brimstone, svefin.

brimstony, svefinlik.

bridle, viel.

brindled, vielik..

bring, 6Kni)n

bringer, blinel.

brisk, li/lik, ha/oliV, spiiik.

briskly, _^Zaliko.

bristle, kef.

brittle, blekik,

brittely, blekiko.

britteness, blekot.

broad, vidik.

broadness, vid.

broadwise, vidlik.

broider, stikon.

broiderer, oi-stikel, ji-stikel.

broidery, stik.

broUer, volutel.

broker, brok&l.

brood, kuv.

brood, kuvon, siamoa.

brooding, kuvsna,

brook, bluk.

brook, su/8n.

brooky, blukik..

broom, svip.

broom-land, \nfel.

brother blod.

brotherhood, blod&l.

brother-in-law, hoblod.

brotherless, neblodik.

GBAMMAK OF TOLAPUK.

237

■brotherlinesB, blodot, hlodlSf.

brotherly, hlodik.

brown, ilonik.

brown, hlonon.

brownish, hlonlik.

brownness, blon.

browse, gelmin.

brumal, nifaiimik.

brunette, of-6Zonik.

brunt, jok, flap.

brush, kef.

brush, kef'oii.

bmsher, fce/el.

brush-maker, kefaweifcel.

brushy, fe/ik.

brutal, ninak.

brutaUly, \ejekikoi nimal.

brute, \anim.

brutely, lunzjnik.

brutish, mmik.

brutishly, njjniko.

bubble, ciit.

bubble, aiton.

buck, golad.

bud, tuigon

buffoon, bofan, 6o/el.

buffoonery, ho fen.

buffooning, tofen.

buffoonish, 6o/unik.

build, ftuTOOn, mekon.

builder, mekel.

building, Jumot.

bulb, &6iaglop.

bulk, \emod.

bulkiness, big, glet.

bulky, hyik, gle&ls.

buU, xoil

buUet, glob.

bulletin, biliet, zot.

bullock, xoilil.

bully, lu^Zotel.

bump, flapon.

bumpkin, glohel

bunch, tuf.
bungle, lu»o6ad.
bungler, lumeM.
burden, lodon, boladbn.
burden, lod, bolad, fled,
burdener, bijladel.
burdenous, loladik.
burdensome, boladlik.
bureau, bur.
burgermaster, sifel.
burgess, sif.
burgh, pagil.
burghal, pagilik.
burgher, sif.
burgomaster, sifel.
burial, sepaxa.
burial-place, goda/e/.
burier, sepel.
burine, gavasftTi.
burliness, glet, big.
burly, gletik, bigik.
bum, Jileioia.
burnable, ^tedik.
burner, ^fedel
burning, _^tedik.
burnish, blonon
burnisher, bUmel.
burst, slidon.
burst, slit,
bury, sepon.
burying, «epam.
burying-place, goia,/el.
bush, hihim, smaJzm.
bushy, hibinak, smaftmik.
business, feb, cal, pofeg.
business-like, fte/ik, colik.
buss, kid, kadi.
bustle, boset.
bustle, boseion.
bustling, b6set.
busy, zilik, dunik.
busy, givoji vobi.
but, ab, t(5, ye(d), deno.

238

GUAMMAll OF VOLAPUK.

but, notonly... but ..., noe... soi.
but, fin, mied.
butcher, mitel.
butcber, miteibia..
butchering, sciben, lumiten.
butoheriiness, molodal.
butoheriy, molodik.
butchershop, mfclop.
butchery, miteu.
butt, desan; jok; tub
butt, jokbn.
butter, mileg.
butterfly, pab.
butter-pot, milegatuh.
buttery, milegiV.
button, gnob.
button, ^no5on.

buttoned, gnobik.
buttress, yflf.
buttress, yiifon.
buttressed, yiifik.
buxom, yofik.
buxomly, yoflik-
buxomness, yof.
buy, lem'o'D..
buyer, lemel.
buying, lemol.
buzzard, stupel.

Sin, a, plo, eiegoial, de, lo,
la, dub, me, kann, kodu,
zi, fa, da, su, neb, ko, zii.
by and bye, potaft'mo.
by-name, l&nem.

C.

cab, vab, balaspan.

cabin, nafacem.

cabinet, plivod, o3m, cemil.

babinet-maker, tabel.

cable, kab.

cabled, kabik.

cablet, kdbil

cabman, vabel.

cacao, kak.

cachet, stap.

cadaver, fun

cadaveric, funik,

cadaverous, funik.

cadaverousness, funal

caffre, kafcinel.

cage, sma/areiib.

caisson, cet.

caitiff, glihel, hxman.

caitifily, glibiko,

cajole, luZoSbn.

cajolement, \ulob.

cajoler, \ulobel.

cajolery, hilob.
cajoling, luZoJik.
cake, kek.
cake, kekbn.
calamitous, leneZsMk.
calamitously, leneZaftiko.
calamitousness, leneldbal.
calamity, leneZaZ), misal.
calculate, kalbn.
calculation, kal, kala,m..
calculative, kalik.
calculator, kalel.
oaloulatory, kalik.
calculose, storelik.
calculous, lediifik.
calefy, 'ink,
calefy, 'iton.
calendar, kaled.
calendar, kaledbn.
calendarial, kaledik.
calf, smafcure smasoZ.
calfskin , UTOnSikunSiskm.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

239

calibre, bid, sot.
calid, 'itik.
calidity, 'it.
caJiduct, 'itadwfc.
caliginous, daegik.
calrx, kop.
call, Tok
call, vokon.
call, visUon.
caller, visitel, vulel.
callid, lutiisafik.
caUidity, luvisedag.
calling, cal,
callose. 'onik.
callosity, 'onof
callous, ^onik
callouBlv, 'oniko.
callousness, 'ojial.
callow, nepenik.
calm, stil.
calm, stilila. so/ik.
cahn, so/on, stiloa.
calmer, stilel, sofel.
calming, so/ol, stilol.
calmly, .«*«7iko.
calmness, stil'6i.
calmy, so/ik, siilik.
calorific , vamik.
caique, See calk,
calumniate, slanon.
calumniated, slanik.
calumniating, sZanol.
calumniation, slan.
calumniator, slaneh
calumniatory, slanik.
calumnious, slaniik.
caluraniously, sZanliko.
calumnionsness, slanof.
calumny, slan.
calve, kuniin.
calx, zem.
camel, kamel.
cajnelVhair, kamela'eZ.

camerade, kamadel.
camera te, jopon.
camerated, jopik,
camerating, jopol.
cameration, Jopam.
camp, komip, seito]).
camp, komipon, seitopon.
campaign, kam, plen.
camp-fight, komip.
can, ken.
can, fcanon.
canal, kanad.
canal-boat, kanadaftof.
canaliculate, kanadih.
canary, kanarit.
canary-bird, kanarzV.
cancel, noson
cancellate, noson.
cancellated, pejiosol.
cancellation, nosam.
cancelled, raosik.
cancelling, nosam.
cancer, klaf, fcZo/ip.
cancerate, klqfipon.
eaoceration, klaJipaTii.
cancerous, klafipik.
cancerously, klafipiko.
candelabrum, litakip.
candent, /"onik, 'itik.
candicant, vietlik,
candid, kaniidik.
candidly, kdniido.
candidness, kaniid.
candify, vieton..
candle, Utsh.
candle-grease, litabapen.
candle-holder, litsJcip.
candle-light, litii., UtabaiiV.
candlestick, litaMp.
candour, kaniid.
cane, rid, jog.
canker. See cancer,
cannibal, menajidoii.

240

GUAMMAK OP VOLAPuK.

cannibal, menafidei.,
cannibalism, men&fid&m..
cannibally, wena^i^elik.
connon, kan.
cannonade, kanhn.
cannonading, Icanoh
cannon-ball, kana^'Mi.
cannoneer, fcanel,
cannon-shot, kana/««.
cannular, rUdik.
canny, fa(?ik, fcautik.
canon, nom.
canorous, benoionik.
canorousness, benoion.
cant, pern,
canter, simwZel.
canto, kanit.
canton, kantop.
cantonal, hantopik.
cantonize, kant'dpo n.
cany, n'(Zik, jogik.
caoutchouc, giim.
cap, lu'dY, sma'a^.
capability, fag.
capable, fdgik. •

capableness, fag.
capacious, spadik.
capaciously, sparfiko.
capaciousness, spadQi, spadoTp-
capacitate, fagbn,
capacitation, faga,m.
capaoyty, fag, spadot, suemoi.
cape, kep.
caper, moswrnel.
capillary, 'elik.
capital, katad.
capitalist, kaiadel.
capitalize, kaiadon.
capitally, lepaio, lepafiko.
capot, TgeMekdl.
capricious, vimik.
capriciously, vimiko.
captain, katan.

captivate, /ara3n, jm'6n.

captive, pe/anel,

captive, pe/an6l.

caramel, karam.

card, kad.

card, fcarfSn, lufcorfon, lufcaafa-
pledon. ~

care, kud.

care, kudon, plokudon.

career, ronSn.

careful, kautik. kudik.

carefully, kautiko, kudiko.

carefulness, kaut, kndof.

careless, nekudik.

carelessly, nekudiko.

carelessness, nekud.

cargo, lod.

c_amage, sa6en, lumiVen.

carnal, mjyalik.

barnalist, midalel.

carnality, midal.

carnalize, midalon.

carnally, mj^aliko.

carol, paan

carol, paanon.

carolling, paanbl.

carp, kalep,

carpenter, cemel.

carpentering, ceraelam.

carpentry, cemelavoh.

carpet, tap.

carpeted, topik.

carriage, vab.

carrier, nunel, polel.

carry, polon, hlinbn.

cart, vab.

carter, uaiel.

carve, bifcoiBn.

carver, hikotel.

case, bok, bBg; zit deklina/a/,

case, zitoia.

cash, kad.

cash, kadon.

GBAUMAE or YOLiPiiK.

241

cash-book, kadaftufc.
cashier, kddel.
cash-keeper, kddel.
cask, tub.
casket, ft<6il.
cassate, nosSn.
cassation, nosam.
cast, jed, flap, gif.
cast, jedoa, gif on, steif on.
caster, gif A.
castigate, padlon.
castigated, pepu(2ol.
castigating, pttdSk..
castigation, pudam.
castigator, piufel.
castigatory, pudik.
casting-honse ; gifea.
castle, ledom.
casual, zidk.
casually, zirtko.
cat, kat.
catacomb, lesep.
catal<^ne, lised.
cataract, Tata/a2, ca^e/al.
catarrh, katar.
catastrophe, kastof.
catastrophist, kastofel.
catch, fan, gleip.
catch, yanon, gleipon.
catchable, famk, gleipik.
catcher, _/a»el, gleipel.
catching, luj9afcik.
catechetical, saJdk.
catechisation, katekam.
catechise, katekon.
catechiser, ^ate^el.
[: catechising, katekik.
catechism, katek.
catechist, katekel.
catenate, kedon.
catenated, peieiio].
catenating, ke(^\.
catenation, kedam, ked.

Catharine, Eatarin.
cathedral, tern,
cathedral, ftgopik,
catholic, taiolel.
catholic, >ta<olik.
catholical, ifcatolik.
Catholicism, ifcatolim.
catholicity, /fcatolim.
catholicize, katolon.
catholicly, katoliko.
cattle, nims
Caucasus, Kaukasan.
causable, mo^ik.
causal, kotSk.
causality, kodam.
causation, kodain.
causative, kodik..
causatively, io^fiko.
causator, kodel, j'enel, lautel,

rigel.
cause, kod.

causer, kodel, jenei, lautel, rigel.
causeway, siit, glesUt.
causing, kodol.
cautelous, ktidik, kaudk.
cautelously, kauto.
cautelousness, kaut.
cauterization, ^tedam.
cautere, ^tedon.
caution, kaut.
cautioner, kautA.
cautious! kavt6\ kauiik.
cautioasly, kautiiko.
cautiousness, kaut.
cavalier, monit/A.
cavalry, monittn.
cavate, se^epon.
cavation, sesepam.
cave, kav.
caveat, nelet.
cavern, ninovag.
cavernous, ninovot^.
cavil, zanon, dikodbn.

16

242

GRAMMAR or VOLAPUK.

cavillation, smalniii.
caviller, zanel, dikodel.
cavity, mnovagng.
cease, ropon, Aeleton, zedon,

joton, finHn.
ceaseless, nezedik.
ceaselessly, nezedo.
cede, klembn, yilQn.
ceding, klem yil.
' celature, gav. >
celebrate, zelon.
celebrated, pezeZol.
celebrating, zelol.
celebration, zel.
celebrator, setel.
celebrious, mdkab^k.
celebriously, miikabo.
celebrity, makab.
celerity, spid, vif.
celestial, siiKk.
celestially, sillo.
cell, ziob, szoftap.
cellar, kav.

cellular, ziob\k, ziofcapik,
oelsitude, jrczVug.
cement, zam.
cement, zamon. '

cementation, zamam.

cementer, zamel.

cementing, zamam.

cemetery, goda/eZ.

cenobite, padA.

cense, kosekasmofcon.

cense, diiv. tlip,tolad.

cension, duv.

censoriousness, hlanAoi.

censurable, fcZamik.

censurableness, hlamoi.

censurably, itomiko.

censure, blam.

censurer, hlamA.

censuring, blam.

cent, turn, zim.

centage, tumafZa/w.

centenary, tumA.

centime, zim.

central, zerwdik.

centralization, zenod&va.

centralize, zenodisn,

centrally, zeraoiiiko.

centre, zenodajjun.

centre, zenod&n..

century, yeltom.

ceremonial, zefik.

ceremonially, zefiko.

eeremonialness, zeloi.

ceremonious, zeSk.

ceremoniously, zeZiko.

ceremoniousness, zeZof.

ceremony, 'blig'aX.

cereous, aafcik.

ceruim, zelin.

certain, zeZodik, /wmik.

certainly, zelado.

certainness, sef, fdm, zelad

certainty, sef, film, zelad.

certificate, Sosefaxa.

certification, \esag, lepUk.

certifier, siamel.

certify, noelon, sion, besion.

certitude, sef, zelad, film.

cesarian, limepik.

cesium, zasin.

cess, diiv.

cess, dtiv'dn.

cessation, tak.

cessibility, yiloi.

cession, klem.

cessionary, klemol, klemik.

cbafe, vut, zun.

cbafe, zunon, ddmoTo.

cbafed, zureik.

chafer, oaf.

chagrin, leglif.

chain, ket.

chain, ketoa.

GRAMMAK OF VOLAPtlK.

243

■chain-cable, ketataJ.

chained, fcerik.

chain-work, fceten.

chair, stul.

chairman, bisierfel.

chalice, gleiko;;.

challenge kusad.

challenge, kusadon.

cbamher, cam, cem.

chamberer; yofah.

chamber-hanging, tap.

chamberlain, kamerel.

chamois, cam.

champ, ieiton.

■champagne, jamanar/n.

champaign, kam, plen.

champain, jamanauiVt.

chance, fat, neldb.

chance, Jeniin, zidon.

chanceful, poliffik.

chancel, zop,

chancery, kanzen.

change, can, cein (am), cenam
cen, vot, »o;am.

change, canon, cenou, voton.
changeability, cenal.

changeable, cenalik, vodik, de-
voiiik.

changeableness, cenal.
changeably, cenaliko.
changeful, cenik, voi\ik.
changefnlly, ceniko, wo^liko.
changefulness, cenal.
■changeless, newoflik.
changer, cemel, votel, dei'otel.
channel, kanad.
channel, Icanadin.
channelled, kanadA,
chant, kanit.
chant, kanttbn.
chanter, kanite\.
chantreas, of-fconetel.
•chaos, kofud.

chap, slit,
chap, slitoa.
chap, man.
chapel, kapiil.
chapelry, kapiilam.
chaperon, Wat, ama'at.
chaplain, kapulel.
chaplet, kopulil.
chapman, malitel.
chappy, slitik.
chaps, luOTurfs.
character, kalad.
characteristic, kaladik.
characteristically- kaladiko.
characteristicalness, kala<M\.
characterize, kaladm.
characterless, nekalad.
charge, lod, fled, delids.
charge, knd, kusad.
charge, lodon, Vdladon.
chargeable, loladiV.
chargeableness, hdladoi.
chargeably, h'6la£ko.
charging, komit.
charily, kautik..
chariness, kaut.
chariot, vab.
charioteer, dukA.
charitable, ditibiV
charitableness, givoi.
charitably, ditibo.
charity, ditib.
charlatan, lusonel.
charm, venud.
charm, t-enudon, magiigon.
charmer, magugel.
charming, venudik, le/'onik.
charmingly, venudo.
charmingness, venud.
chart, kaed.
charter, plivileg.
chartered, plivilegik.
chavv", kourik.

244

GRAMMAR OF YOLAPUK.

chase, yag.
chase, ^a^ori.
chaser, i/a^el.
chasm , g3.p.
chasmed, giipik.
chaste, puedik.
chasten, pudbn.
chastener, pudel.
chasteness, pued.
chastening, puda,ra.
chastisable, pudlik.
chastise, pudon.
chastised, pepudol.
chastisement, pudaiia,
chastiser, pudel.
chastising, pudavn.
chastity, pned.
chastness, pued.
chat, hjpiikoi.
chat, lupafcon.
chatter, hipiikoi.
chatter-hox, Ixipiikel.
chatterer, lapukel.
chatting, Inpukoi.
cheap, nedelidH
cheapen, nedelidon, lofon.
cheapener, lofdV.
cheaply, nedelido.
cheapness, nedelidbi.
cheat, cijt.
cheat, ciiton.
cheated, -peciitol.
cheater, caVel.
cheatery, ciit.
cheating, ciitik.
cheatingly, catiko.
check, nelet, neZaft.
check, blamQn.
cheek, cig.

cheer, UnkipsLm., yofbi, yof.
obeer. yo/6n, galbn.
cheerer, yo/el.
cheerful, yofik.

cheerfully, yo/lik.

cheerfulness, yqf'ot.

cheerily, yofik, gdlik.

cheeriness, yof.

cheering, yoflik.

cheeringly, ^q/liko.

cheerless, neten«"mik.

cheerlessness, nelanim.

cheerly, yqflik.

oheerup, gdKn, yo/on.

cheery, yo/ik, gdlik.

cheese, fomad.

cheesemonger, /omadaseleh

chemic, hemik.

chemical, fiemik.

chemically, hemiko.

chemise, jit.

chemist, kernel.

chemistry, hem.

cherish, kdlbn, lofort, lad'oa.

cherisherer, kcilel.

cherishing, kal.

cherishingly, kdliko.

cherub, kernb.

cherry, eel.

chest, cet, blBt, bog, komfed>

chesnut, katan.

chest-nut-tree, katanaftzm.

cheval, jeval.

chevalier, momtel.

chew, sidm'dn.

chide, ilamon,

chider, hlamel.

chiding, blam, hlamaxn.

chidingly, hlamiko.

chief, cif, kapel.

chiefly, pato, lepariko, lepato~

chieftain, lopifcajD, kapel.

child, cil

child-bearing, moiam, motoL

childbirth, moiam.

childhood, cilbi, cililg.

childish, czlik.

(.RA.MMAB OF VOLAPuK.

245

cTiilflishly, ciliko

childiskness, cilot.

childlike, lucifik.

childly, ciliko.

chiliad, milal,

chill, kalod.

chiU, kalo(Sk, lukalodik.

chill, kalodon, flotdn.

chilUness, kalodot, kalod.

chillness, kalod, kalodot.

chilly, koladii..

chimer, glokel.

-chimney, cim.

chimney-sweeper, «"mel.

China, Cinan.

Chinese, Cinanel.

Chinese, cinanik.

chink, slit.

chink, tonon.

chinky, slidk.

chip, dil.

chip, htekiin, japbn, hunon.

chirp, grika.in..

chirp, grikon, yofon.

chirper, grikel.

chirping, grikaxa..

chirpingly, ^nkik.

chisel, cid.

chisel, cidon.

chit, gelmin, cil, ^it&timasten.

chit-chat, Inpukot.

chitty, InaZik.

chivalric, tnontielik.

chivalrous, montielik.

chivalrously, montielo.

chivalry, montieloi.

chloric, kloiin^.

chlorine, Uolln.

chocolate jokolad.

choeolate-nut, kokafton.

choice, val, sewa^

choicely, spaHko.

choir, kor.

choke, Xepedaa.

choler, bilod , zun.

cholera, kolerip.

choleric, iilodik, zunik.

cholericly, cunlik.

cholericness, bilodA.

choose, valoTx.

chooser, »a7el.

chop, slit.

chop, copon.

choral, torik.

chord, stin.

chord, s^inon.

chorist, fa)rel.

chorus, kor.

chouse, cut, kaf

chouse, kaf on.

Christ, Kristus.

christen, krit

christening, godara^.

christian, krit

christianism, Artial.

christianization, ^i^am.

christianize, kriton.

christianized, pefcritol.

christianizing, hrito\.

christianly, krifik.

Christmas, lemoiofazdj.

christmas-tree, kritaftim.

chromate, klomin.

chromatic, kUtmimk.

chromic, klomin.

chromium, klomin.

chronic, lonedoHk.

chuck, jok.

chuff, ^Zo6el.

chuffily, ghh^ik.

chufBness, glob.

chuffy, globik.

church, glug.

church-attire, gliigova., palot.

churl, ^ZoJel.

churlish, glohik, fiilik.

246

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPUK.

churlisly, globlik.
churlisness, globai, ful.
churly, fulik, glohik.
chymic, Aemik.
chymist, hemel.
cigar, zigad.
cincture, z5n.
cintured, sonik.
cipher, nrnnsd,
cipher, nujnatbn.
circle, zilag.
circle, zilagon, zulagon.
circled, zilagik..
circlet, zilagil.
circuit, zum, zilek&g.
circquit, zulagon.
circular, glopik.
circularity, glop.
circularly, ^Zo^nik,
circulate, zillagon.
circulating, zulagik.
circulation, zilag&t.
eirouinference, zum.
circumferencial, zurmk.
circumspect, kauUk.
circumspection, kaut.
circumspective, fcaurik.
circumspectively, fcauriko.
circumspectness, kaut.
circumstance, dinad.
circumstantial, imnrfik.
cistern, vatataft.
cital, blam.

citation, suamam, zitat.
cite, zitaton.
citer, zitatA.
citess, ji-si/', oi-sif.
citizen,, sif, zz/el.
citron, zied.
citron-tree, ziedsibim,.
citron-water, ziedavat.
city, zif.
city, nifik.

civil, zivik, stidik.

civilizable, kulivik.

civilization, 22uet,toi/2«am,kuliv.

civilize, kulivSn, zivdn,

civilized, ■pekulivol.

civilizer, kulivel.

clack, Inpiikot.

clad, klotik.

claim, flag.

claim, flagon.

claimable, flagik,

claimant, ^a^ik.

claimant, flag A.

claimed, pe/Za^ol.

claimer, flagel.

claiming, flagol.

clam, klebon.

clamant, luwofcik.

clammy, lengludik.

clamorous,' boserik.

clamour, luwofcem.

clamour, luuoMn.

clamourer, luuoM.

clamp, klam.

clamp, kldmSn.

clan, stam, gen.

clandestine, kldno&k.

clandestinely, fc/anofliko-

clandestineness, klan'dt.

clang, ton, tonoA.

clang, tonbn.

clangorous, tonik.

clangour, ton.

clap, flap, spid.

clap, Jlapbn.

claret, vin

clarification, kliilian,

clarified, kltilik,

clarifier, kliilel.

clarify, kliilon.

clarifying, klulol.

clarity, kliil.

clash, jok.

GKAMJfAR OF TOLAPiiK.

247

clash, jokon, tapiikon.

clasp, nug.

class, klad.

class, kladon.

classic, klatel.

classic, klatehk.

classification, kladani.

clause, jot, fin.

claustial, kleu£k.

clausxire, ninfezXam.

claw, ral.

claw, Taliin.

clay, tain.

clay, iainon.

clayey, tainlik.

clean, n^lik, klinik.

clean, suipon, klinon.

cleaned, klinik..

cleaner, kliraknm.

cleaner, klinel.

cleaning, tfc'ream.

cleanliness, su^al, klin, nifsil.

cleanly, ifcnlik, nj/alik.

cleanness, nifSl, netfeb.

cleanse; suipon, ktlnon.

cleanser, suy>el.

clear, klUik, lilnik.

clear, klUon, liboD, pldnon.

clearer, pldnsl.

clear-headed. He'Slik.

clear-headedness, kli&l, daW^al.

clearing, klin&TO..

clearly, kluliko.

clearness, klil, kleil.

cleave, slitan.

cleaver, slitel.

clef, Mk.

cleft, slit.

clemency, lonedal-

clement, lone<M\ik.

clergy, tier.

clever, kanalik, fdgik.

cleverly, kanaliko, /a^lik.

cleverness, fag.

cliff, klif, melaklif.

cliffy, kli/ik.

climate, kliim.

climatize, klumon.

clinch, kikSu.

cling, ziipon, slopon.

clink, ton.

clink, tonon.

clinking, tonam.

eUp, snipon.

cloak, maned.

cloak, manedaa

cloak-room, manecla<:em.

clock, glok, glok.

clock-maker, glokal.

clog, netoon.

cloister, kleud.

cloister, kleudon.

cloisteral, kletuRk.

cloisteress, o{-rodel.

cloisterous, kleudlik..

close, kludon, finoD, kikon,

sludon.
close, nilo, pefcz'fcol, soludik,

kldnoSk.
closely, nilo.

closeness, solud, soal, kldnoi.
closer, kikA, sludt^, finei.
closet, plivod.
closet, lin/;iX-on.
closure, bud.

cloth, liabastof, liab, klof.
clothe, fctoon.
clothes, klots.
clothier, teladei, klot&mekA.
clothing, klotad.
cloth-worker, klofA.
clough, klif.
clove, sliton.
clover, yob.
clown, bbfim, Jo/el.
clownery, 6o/en.

248

GUAMMAE OF VOLAPuK .

clownish, globik.
clownishly, glohiko.
clownishners, glob,
club, klub.

club, lajriwOn, keuoSon.
club-law, Muhshlon.
club-man, klubei.
club-room, klubMem.
clumps, stupel.
clumsiness, glob,
clumsy, globii..
cluster, tuf,
cluster, lasamon.
clustery, lufik.
clutch, gleip
clutch, gleipon.
clutter, beset,
clutter, boseJdn.
coach, vab.
coach-maker, vabel.
coachman, kocan.
coal, kolat.

coal-basket, kolat&bdset.
coal-black, leblagSs..
coal-box, kolata,bdg.
coal-cart, kolatauafe.
coalesce, klubon.
coalescence, klubaxa..
coalition, klubstm..
coaly, kolatik.
coarse, globih.
coarsely, globi^o.
coarseness, glol).
coast, jol.
coast, Jolon.
coaster, jolel.
coastwise, yofaik.
coat, gun,
coat, hekloton.
coating, befcZoam.
coax, hxlobon.
coaxer, luio5el.
coaxing, lulob.

coaxingly, Inlobiko.
cobalt, kobitt.
cobble, luuofcad.
cobble, lumefcon.
cobbler, lumekel.
cob-web, spul, spulnn.
cook, gok, tubog.
cock, Inmagi/on.
cocoa, kak.
cocoa-nut, kaksMot.
cod, jal, atokut.
coffee, kaf.
coffee-cup, kafaftouil.
coffee-house, kaf 6^.
coffee-man, tq/opel.
coffee-room, kafacem.
coffee-shop, )sahibuig.
coffee-tree, kafaiim.
coffer, komfed.
coiEn, kofin.
coffin, kofinon.
coffin-maker, fco/Znamekel.
cog, ciitan, luZoJon.
cogency, nam.
cogent, ndrmk.
cogently, nfflraiko,
cogger, luZoJel.
coggery, cut.
cogging, oiit.
cognition, seT.
coiffure, 'eZat.
coin, kon.
coin, kondn.
coinage, kbn&va..
coincedence, bal&xa.
coincedent, &aZamik.
coined, k'dmk.
coiner, fconel.
cold, kalod, snq/'ip.
cold, kalodi]s..
coldish, feaiorflik.
coldly, kalodika.
coldness, kalod.

flKAMMAB OF VOLiPuK.

249

collate, teleigon.
collation, ieleig, teleigain.
collator, Seleigel.
colleague, 'keblod, calaAlod.
colleague, 'keUodSa.
collect, lasamon.
collection, lasam, konlet.
collective, 'kosumik.
collectively, em,
collector, lasamel.
colloguy, tela,pukB,t.
colonel, lopiknnel.
colonial, kolunik, lovemeZik.
colonist, kolunel, kolan.
colonization, kolunaxa.
colonize, kolunon.
colonizer, kolunel.
colony, kolun.
colerate, kolik.
coleration, kolaxa.
colossal, gianik.
colossus, gianafco&b.
colour, kdl.
colour, kolon.
colourable, jmik.
colourableness, Jinoi.
colourably, jinUk.
coloured, kolik.
colburist, kolel.
column, koliim, koliim
columnar, kolUmik.
comb, k6b.
comb, kobon.
combat, komip.
combat, komipbn.
combatant, komipel.
combator, komipel
comber, kohel.
combination, kosum.
combine, kosumon.
combiner, kosumel.
come, komon.
\ comedian, teatel.

comedy, teat, hjdamat.
comely, plidik.
comer, komel.
comet, goba^tel.

comfort, leitbn, kovenon, tlodiin.
comfort, koveu, tlod.
comfortable, kovenik, tlodik.
comfortableness, koven, plit.
comfortably, kxiveno
comforter, kovenel. leitel, tlodei.
comforting, kovenik, tlodik.
confortress, ji-fcooenel.
comic, ftoyik.
comical, 6o/ik.
comically, bo/iko, &o/lik
comicalness, bo/oi.
coming, kdrnbi.
command, komad, bud.
command, cif'on, komadon,

biidoTi.
commandant, komadeX, btidei.
commander, komadei, budei.
commanding, biidik.
commandingly, hudiko.
ccftimandments, biids, \ehuds.
commandress, of-biidei, ji-hi(del.
commence, beginbn.
commencement, begin,
commend, pliedba, komedoa.
commendable, pliedik, komedik,

loblik.
commendation, lob, lobim,kora-

ed, pUed.
commender, komedel.
comment, noted,
comment, blamoTo., notedon.
commentary, septan
commentate, septanon.
commentative, seplanik.
commentator, seplanel.
commenter, seplanel.
commerce, ted, (erfam.
commerce, iedbn.

250

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

commercial, tedik.
commercialy, tediko.
commissary, komita,n.
commission, komitem..
commission, cal, komitikd.
oommissional, komitaAik, komit-

emik.
commissioner, komitaAA.
commit, duno'a, lenfcora/irfon.
committee, sog.
jjommitter, dunA.
commode, komod.
commodious, ^eMk, pitik.
commodionsly, geKko, poriko.
commodionsness, geb, pot.
commodity, pdfud, nited.
common, komot.
common, komumk., hapiV., gag&.
common, tugedik.
common, kos'dmo.
commonalty, lupop.
commoner, sif.

commonition, ?)ionerfam,moned.
commonitive, menorfik,
commonitory, monecZik.
commonly, kos'dmo.
commonness, komun.
common-sence, fcapal.
commotion, volut.
commotioner, volutA.
commune, musamou.
communicate, nijnon.
communication, niin.
communicative, niimk,
communicatively, niimko.
communicativeness, niinoi.
communicator, niinel.
communicatory, niimk.
communion, komiin.
community, tuged.
compact, suamik, soliidik,
compact, suamoD, fcosumon.
compact, halstia.

compacted, soliidik.
compactodly, soliidiko.
compactedness, soliid.
compactly, soliidiko.
compactness, soliid.
companion, kamadel, kopanel,.

kehlod.
companionship, kamad.
company, kopanem, kompan.
company, melakdn, kosadon
comparable, feleigik.
comparableness, ieleigbf.
comparably, feleiglik.
comparation, ieleig&va..
comparative, xciniima,liien, plu-

liien.
comparatively, spetivo. '
compare, ieleigon.
compare, ieleig.
comparer, Seleigel.
comparison, ieleig.
compart, tabled, dilaxa.
compart, sedilon.
compartiment, tabled,
compartition, dilava..
compartment, tabled,
compartner, seA7el.
compass, kopad.
compass, ziim, spad.
compass, zisumSn.
compass-box, zilagabok.
compasses, zilag.
compassion, kelied.
compassionate, keliedik.
compassionately, keliediko.
compassionateness, kefcet^am..
compatibility, siJmof.
compatible, potik,
compatibleness, sihinoi.
compatriot, /aianel.
compatriotism, /oianelof.
compeer, kopanel.
compel, meifcadon.

GRAMMAB. OF TOLAFuK.

251

compenable, mefcadlik.
compellably, mekadiiko.
compeller, mekadel.
compendous, suamik.
compendously, suarrako.
compendousness, suamoi.
compensate, gudon, guvon.
compensatiod, guda.m., gtiv.
compilation, lagans,
compilator, la^amel.
compile, lasamon.
compilement, lasamam.
compiler, lasamel.
complacence, pUd.
complacent, leplidik, plidik.
complain, plonon.
complainant, flagel.
complainer, plonel.
complaining, plomk, yamih.
complaint, 'ag, plon, malad.
complaisance, yilof, plidot.
complesant, yiUk.
complesantly, ^j7iio.
complement, le/uZam,
-complemental, le/u/ik.
complete, le/ufit.
complete, le/«Z5n.
completed, pe/inol, pe^nik.
. completely, ZoHko, le/uto.
completement, le/uZam.
completeness, le/«Zn6f.
completer, le/«Zel.
completion, le/«Zam.
completive, le/«Zik.
completory, be/uiik.
complexion, logim..
compilable, yzVik, flegik, j/umik.
compliance, zep, zepsxa..
compliant, atiik.
compliantly, yiKko.
complicate, kosiadbn.
complicated, peAostorfik.
eanplication, kosiadam.

compiler, yilA
compliment, plim.
compliment, plimbia.
complimental, plimMV.
complimentally, plim\iko.
complimentor , plimeX.
comport, s«/Ulon, su/on.
compose, kostii'tfon, kofukon.
composer, kofiikA, koszadel.
composite, koszWik,
composition, kosiarfam.
compotator, kerf/i'nel.
compound, kosiadik.
compound, migon, kosiadon.
compoundable, migik.
comprehend, fcapalon, suemon.
comprehensible, fco^alnik.
oomprehensibleness, kapababf.
comprehensibly, suemiko.
comprehension, fca^aliip, suem.
comprehensive, zisumik.
comprehensively, zisumo.
comprisal, ninof.
comprise, ■ainlahon, nmofbu.

ninon.
comprobate, liaZamon.
comprobation, blof, zot.
compromise, hal&m.
compromise, Jalamon.
compromit, garanon, pdmetoii.
compulsion, mekadajn.
compunction, ponit.
compunctuous, ponitik.
compunctuously, poniAko.
compunctive, ponidk.
computable, kalik.
computation, kal, kalam.
compute, kalon.
computer, kalel.
comrade, kamadel, koparKl.
comradeship, kamad.
concave, kokavik.
concaveness, ninowa^ng.

252

GKAMMAB, OP VOLAPuK.

concavity, mnovagal.
conceal, kldnoion, seilon.
concealer, seilel, klm'ofel.
concealment, \seilaxa., klanofan.
concede, zepQn, gevon, dalon.
conceit, siiem'di, silem.
conceit, niludon.
conceited,, hetiMlik, vimik.
conceitedly, vimiko.
conceitedness, nilud.
conceivable, suemik.
conceivableness, suemoi.
conceivably, suemito.
conceive, suem'on, daiifcon.
conceiver, suemel.
concent, 6aZam.
concentric, hezenodik.
concentrically, kezenodiko.
concentricity, 'kezenodbf.
conoentual, beno^onik.
conception, suemad, leget.
conceptive, legetlik.
concern, nited.
concern, te/6n,
concerned, nitedik.
concernedly, niiedo, iefo.
concerning, tefajaik
concernment, nitedi
concert, konzed.
concert, konzedbn.
concertation, konzedaro..
concertative, dikod&, zanik.
concession, dab.
consessive, pe^mk.
conciliate, \ekosil6n.
conciliation, lefco«//am.
conciliator, lekosilel.
concinnity, fag.
concise, suamik.
concisely, suamiko.
conciseness, suamiit.
concliide, kliidon, finba, studon.
concludency, kludwm.

concludent, firak.
concluder, kludel, finel.
concluding, /inik.
conclusion, fln, slud.
conclusive, j^reik.
conclusively, ^raiko, kludo.
conclusiveness, ^raal.
concord, halii.
concordance, halaxa.
concordancy, 6alam.
concordant, balarmk.
concordantly, ftatomiko.
concourse, kofcom, mod.
concretion, ftiyam.
concur, ZiaZamon.
canourence, 5a/am.
concurency, 6aZam.
concussion, jok.
condemn, kodemon.
condemnable, kodemik.

condennation, kodeMaxa, kodevci.

condemned, ■pekodemol.

condemning, kodembl.

condensate, ftigrdn.

condensation, hignToi.

condensative, bigaznik.

condense, bigik.

condensity, soliid.

condescend, mikbn.

condign, melidik.

conditement, plepad.

condition, stad, cal.

condition, stip5n.

condole, pidbn.

condolement, pidaxn.

oonddlence, pidata.

condoler, pidel.

conduce, dukbn, dukodon.

conduct, dukoA, kodSt, tag.

conduct, dukbn, dugbn.

conductor, dugel.

confect, jeugbn.

confection, jueg.

GRAMMAX OP VOLAPUK.

253

confectioner, j'uegel.
confederacy, fed.
confederate, fedon.
confederation, fed.
confer, {eleigon, gevoTa.
conference, kofconj, ieleig.
conferer, gevel.
confess, koe/bn.
confessant, koefel.
confessedly, nebe/etdk.
confeaser, koefel.
confession, koef.
confessionary, koefa^iul.
confessor, koefel.
confide, konfidon.
confidence, konfid, telod.
confident, konfidiik, suadik,

holedik..
confidential, konfidlik, telodik.
confidentially, fcon/Jdliko.
confidentness, boled.
confider, konjidel.
confine, mied.
confine, miedon.
confinement, ninfc"fcam.
confinity, nil.
confirm, be«on, sion.
confirmable, si'amik.
confirmation, si'am.
confirmative, siaraik.
confirmator, sj'amel.
oonfirmer, sj'amel.
confitent, koefel.
confix, Jimon.
confixed, pe/fmol.
conflict, komip.
conflict, komipoTi.
conform, segun, ma.
conformable, segnn, ma.
conformation, foman.
confound, kofudon, stunou.
confounded, ko/udik, jemik.
confoundedly, jemiko.

confoundedness. j'emoi, kofud.
confounder, kofudel, nosel.
confront, teleigon.
confrontation, ieleigaxa.,
confronter, feleigel.
confirontment, fe2e^am.
confuse, kofudon
confused, kofudik
confusedly, kofudlih.
confusedness, kofud&m., kofud.
confasion, kofud, j'emoi, riib.
conge, dedit, glida,m.
congeable, foAk.
congeal, fhtoa.
congratulate, benouipon.
congratulation, henovip.
congratulator, benoti2]pel.
congree, 6aZam6n.
congregate, konleton.
congregation, konlet.
congress, konsalem..
congrue, potou.
congruency, 5aZam.
congruent, segun, ma.
congruity, ialam.
conjecture, niludon.
conjecturer, niludel.
conjoint, iugedik, iiaZugik, saik.
conjointly, em, koio,
conjugal, marik.
conjugate, maton, konyugoji,

halon.
conjugate, 'pematol.
conjugation, konyug (am),
conjunct, JaZamik.
conjunction, ietan.
conjunctly, koio.
conjuncture, halsaa, fed, stad.
conjurer, magiigel.
connect, feianon.
connected, fetonik.
connecting, fetanol.
connection, fetan, fetenam.

^54

GRAMMA-B OF'VOLAPUK.

connector, fetonel.
connoisseur, sevel.
conquer, vikodon, hevikodon,

iiil'dpon.
conquerable, vikodlik.
conqueror, vikodel, da/opel.
conquest, Aailop.
concience, konsien
consciencioiis, konsierak.
conscienciousness, ladaloi.
conscious, notlik.
consciously, noiliko.
conscription, supenani.
consecrate, kosekon.
consecrated, fcokiik.
consecration, kosek&va, koaek.
consecrater, kosekel.
consecution, suk, su/cam,
consecutive, saHik.
consecutively, suHko.
consension, SaZam.

consent, zep, zepam.

consent, zepon.

consentaneous, segun, ma.
consentaneously, segun, ma,

consentaneousness, JaZam.

consenter, zepel.

consequence, sek, klud.

consequent, kludih.

consequently, Mudo, also.

consequentness, konsien,

consertion, ietan.

conservable, konse/ik.

conservation, konsefam.

conserve, konsef.

conserve, konsefdn.

cOnserver, konsefel.

consider, konsidbn.

considerable, konsidHk.

considerableness, stiim,

considerably, le^?eriko.

considerate, ibautik, siUmk..

considerately, kautika.

considerateness, kaut, siien.
consideration, kaut, dod.
considerative, siiemk.
considerer, xdmA, tikeX.
considering, bi.
consign, Xeakonjidoxi..
consigner, sedA, deserfel.
consist, kositon, siJznon.
consistence, leveloi, soliid, dul.
consistent, solUdSk..
consolation, tlod.
consolator, tlod&i.
console, tlodoTi..
consoler, tlodA.
consolidate, soludik..
consolidation, soliid-Axa..
consoling, tlod^k.
consonance, 6aZani.

consonant, kosonat.

consonantness, iaZam.

consort, maiel.

consort, haViu, kosadon.

oonspicious, logik, kleilik.

conspiciously, Zo^iko, kleilo,
kliilo.

conspicJousness, logbf, klul,
kleil.

constancy, leveloi.

constant, levelik.

constantly, ai.

constellation, stelamag, kosiel-
em.

consternation, tup.

constipate, lig'dn.

constipation, biga,m..

constitutent, 'kosiadol.

constitute, kosiadon, stitsbmou.

constitutor, komitel.

constitution, stitsaa.

constitutional, rj^adik.

constrain, me^adon.

ponstrainable, ^i»dik.

constrainer, damu^el.

GRAMMAR OF VOLaPUK.

constraint, mekaAaia.
construct, sfutou, 6«mon, mekoa.
coi^ruction, stuk, bum.
constructer, tnek^l.
construe, stiikoii.
constuprate. ;Vj»od6n.
constupration, jemoi&ja.
consul, konsal.
consular, konsalik.
consulate, fconsaiop.
colsult, hekonsdlQn.
consultation, bejfconsa/am.
consume, kosumon.
consumer, kosumel.
consommate, le/uZon.
consummately, le/uto.
consummation, le/uZam.
consumtion, kosum, kosumara.
contagion, Inpak.
contagious, lupafcik
contagiously, lupaHko.
contagiousness, lupafcof.
contain, niniafton, ninon, nin-

ofon.
containable, nintoftik.
container, ninel.
contemn, nesfumon, nestinion.
contemner, nestamel, nesiimel.
contemper, mo/'ukon, meilaAon.
contemperament, ma/oA, maf-

odam
contemperate. ;no/uk6n, mtil-

adon.
contemperation, mcj'Zadam.
contemplate, stomon.
contemplation, sjamam.
contempt, nestSm, nesfim.
contemptibility, nestemof.
contemptable, nesi»7nik, ne-

StMBik.

contemptableness, nesfumof.
contemptvious, nesfti'mik, ne-
sfi'mik.

contemptuously, nes/umiko.
contend, canon, dikodoa. ko-

mipon.
contender, komipel.
content, koten.
content, kotenon.
contented, kotemk.
contentedly, fcoteniko.
cotentedness, koten.
contention, zan, dikod.
contentious, ronik, dikodiV.
contentiously, rfifaxilik.
contentiousness, ladaiof.
contentless, nefcoteJiik.
contentment, koten.
contents, ninoi, linad.
contest, dikod.
contest, feitoa, dikodon.
contestable, be/ejftk.
contestableness, he/eitoi.
contestation, feit.
contiguity, nil.
continual, levelik,
continually, ai.
continualness, laidun.
continuance, leveloi.
continuation, fov.
continuator, /ovel.
continue, /ovon.
continuedly, ai, egelo.
continuer, fovel.
continuity, nezed.
continuous, nezetiik.
continuously, nezedo.
contract, balajn, fed.
contract, balamon, geton, fedoa.
contradict, tajjufcon.
contradicter, tapufcel.
contradicting, tapiikol.
contradiction, tapukaxa-
contradictory, tapfifcik.
contrarious, teik.
contrarionsly, toiko.

256

GliAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

contrary, talk.
contrary, tadtV.
contribute, l&giv.
contribute, lagivon.
contribution, la^zV.
contributive, la.givik, keuoiik.
contributor, l^ivel.
contristate, glum'on.
contristation, glt^mam.
contriteness, pbna.dof.
contrition, ponit.
contrivable, Antuvik.
contrivance, iatuv.
contrive, Aatuvb-a, datikon.
contrivement, Aatuvam.
contriver , da,tuve\ , datikel ,

plogegel.
controversy, dikod.
controvert, hefeiton.
controverter, he/eiiel.
controyertable, hefeiiik.
contumelious, gloKk, _;emodik,

no/ik.
contumeliovisly, glohiko, jemod-

iko.
contumeliousness, jemodbf,

blam, nof, no/am.
convalescence, denusoun.
convalescent, denusaunik.
convalesoently, denusaaniko.
convenable, yumih.
convene, kokomon..
convenience, koven, geb, pot.
convenient, j)6'rik,io!)enik,5'e6ik.
conveniently, kovenlik, gebiko.
convent, kleud.
convention kokom, bal&ia.
conventional, iaZamik.
conventual, kleudik
conversable, kopamik.
conversableness, kopanug.
converaably, kopaniko. '
conversant, ••sfcz'Hk, eplakol.

conversant, iefo, te/ii.
conversantly, te/o, ie/ii.
conversation, pUkot, kosad,

melak.
converse, pi'koi, kosad, melak,

iadil.
converse, toik.

conversely, tao, voto, gete/a.mik.
conversion, votava, vot.
convert, dewion.
convertible, votlik, deuoriik.
convex, jop, glSp.
convex, kSvexik.
convey, liinamon, dukbn, niinon.
conveyance, niin, z5t.
conveyer, dukel.
convict, suadik.
convict, suadon.
convict, pesuadel.
convicted, pesaadol.
convicting, suadol.
conviction, suad, suada.m.
convictive, suadik.
convictively, suadiko.
oonviotiveness, suadal.
convince, suadon,
convinced, pesuarfol.
convincement, suad.
convincer, suadel.
convincible, suad\ik.
convincing, suadik.
convincingly, suadliko.
convincingness, suadSl.
convivial, zdlik.
convivialist, zofel.
conviviality, zal.
convocate, kovokon.
convocation, kowofcam, kofcom.
con vocational, kowofcik, kovok-

amik. i ^
convoke, kovokon..
convoked, pekouoWl.
convoking, kovokol.

ORAMMAB. OF VOLAPiiK.

•257

convoy, dukod.

convoy, dukodbn, diikon.

consulse, j'okdn.

convulsion, flap.

convulsive, Jldpik.

convolsively, Jlapliko.

coot, Jcukel, ji-kiikel, ot-kiikel.

cook, kukon, kUkon.

cookery, kukaJcan.

cook-house, kuk&dom.

cooking, kuken.

cook-maid, of-kuke\.

cook-room, kukaeem.

cool, Inkalod.

cool, lxikalo(Sk.

cool, hikalodon.

coolness, hikola(M.l.

coom, i<maj!ut.

coop, tiib, tub.

coop, nintoMn.

cooper, tubal, tiibel.

co-operate, ketoion.

co-operator, lienobel.

coot, globel.

cope, hefeiton, /ezVdn, komipon.

copious, vodagik, ne:f.«'VV/ik.

copiously, votfegiko.

copiousness, bundan.

copper, koped; kupin.

copi^er, kopedii..

copper, kopedon.

coppered, kopeSk.

copperish, kopedli^.

copper-smith, kopedel.

copse, loadem., bujad.

copulate, bo/on, fetanon.

copulation, fe^anom.

copulative, fefanik.

copy, koip, de/;e»ad.

copy, samad, plog.

copy, depenon.

copy-book, iepenadabuk.

copvier, depenel.

cord, le/ad.

cord, tanon.

cordial, ladlik,

cordiality, ladal.

cord-maker, jainel.

core, ker, pif.

cored, kerifc.

Corinth, Korint.

Corinthian, korintel.

Corinthian, korintik.

cork, koeg.

corky, koegik.

com, glen, gleni.

comer, gul.

cornered, gul&..

corner-stone, galaston.

coronation, klonam.

corporal, kompal.

corporal, kopik.

corporation, kopei.

corps, tlup.

corpse, fun.
corpulence, pien.
corpulent, pienii..
corpulently, pieniko.
correct, fcutodik.
correct, kuladon, paniin.
correction, menod, blam gud-

ikumam.
correctional, menodik.
correctioner, menodel.
corrective, menodaniff/.
corrective, menodik.
correctly, kuladiko.
correctness, kuladoi. knlad.
corrector, menodel, ponel.
correction, blam, leblam.
correspond, spodon.
correspondence, gpod.
correspondent, spodik.
correspondent, spodel.
correspondently, spodikc.
corresponding, spod.

17

258

GllAMMAR 01' VOLAl'UK.

correspondingly, ftaZainiko.

corresponsively, segnn, ma.

corridor, galif.

eorrigiole, pdnik,

eorroborate,t)afeiidon,si6n,bes(on.

corroboration s»m, fimsjn.

corroborative, Jimik, sjamik.

corse, fun.

cost, delid, snam, volad.

cost, koston.

cottage, hxdom, smadom.

cotton, himalain.

cotton, Jj'malainik.

cotton-tree, lainajim.

ooucla, seiton.

cougli, kog.

cough, kogon.

cougher, kogel.

coughing, k'dgol.

council, konsal.

counsel, konsal, siien.

counsel, siientm, konsalon.

counsellor, konsdlel.

count, gab.

count, kal.

count, numon, kalon, cedon.

countable, numlik.

countenance, logod.

counter, kalel numel.

counteract, tauo&on.

countrefeit, Indevodik.

counterfeiter, ciitel.

counterfeitness, Inclevod.

countess, ji-gab.

country, fatan, laned.

countryman , felel, plaudel.

county, gabei.

couple, pal, ielel.

couple, palbn.

coupler, palei.

coupling, palaxn,

courage, lanim.

courageous, lanimik.

courageously, kmimiko.

courageousness, lanimof-

courier, spidel.

course, bit, molad.

course (of), natik.

course, gonon, ronon.

courser, ronel, jeval.

court, kut.

courteous, kutik, plikik

oourteousness, pliit.

cousin, kosen, ji-kosen, of-

kosen.
cove, Jopon.
covenant, fed, 6aZam.
covenanter, fedel.
cover, kov, tegsA.
cover, tegm.
coverer, tegel.
covet, desidQji.
oovetable, desidik.
coveter, desidel.
coveting, desidsim..
covetous, desidils..
cow, kun, ji-xol.
coward, temipsib.

cowardice, iielanim, temipal.

coward-like, temipik.

cowardliness, nelanim, temipal.

cowardly, ^emtplik.

cow-like, fcimlik.

coxcomb, fop.

coy, siidik, plafik.

coyness, swrfof, plaf.

crab, klaf.

craft, kaf.

craftily, kd/lik.

craftiness, kaf.

crafty, ka/ik.

cramp, spam.

crank, saunik, yo/ik.

crankle, snekoia, Aetillbn, dafcai-
6n.

crass, glohik.

GIIAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

259

■crassitude, glob.

crassnesE, glob.

crave, JiagSn, desidon, demanoji.

craver, )iage\, demanel.

craving, hi/lag

craze, /j66ru

cream, mi]igapin.

cream, miliga/iinon.

create, \emekon, jafon.

creating, jafi]s..

creation, jaf, ja/'am, lemeiam.

creative, Jafik.

creator, lefiiekel, ja/el.

creatress, oi-jafel.

creature, ja/aA.

credence, Mod, konfid.

credibility, hl'ddoi.

credible, klodXik.

credibleness, hlodot.
credibly, kl'dd\ik.

credit, klod, stiim, stim, fiun.
credit, gudo/ienon, konfidon,

klodon.
creditable, cddik.

creditor, lugivel.
creed, klod
creep, slupon .
creeper, slupel.
creeping, slupik.
crevice, slit
crew, tlup, \\ij)op.
crib, smiulom, Indom, rip.
crib, nini-i'fcon, tifon.
crier, se»oiel.
crimp, &2eJdk.
crinkle, snekon.
crispy, blekili.
critic, krut.
critical, Inkriital.
critically, kulado.
criticalness, kuladoi.
criticism, kritea, blem.
criticizable, fcradik.

criticize, kriiton
criticiser, fcc«^el.
crockery, stona^«/.
crook, klug
crook, klug'oa.
crookedness, klug.
crop, klop.
croslet, kluzifiX.
cross, kluzif.
cross, toik tavelik.
cross, kliizifon.
crossness, tawefikad.
crow, lu^Zo2on.
crowd, mod, pop.
crowd, fumon.
crowdy, popik.
crown, klon.
crown, klonon.
crowner, khnel.
crowning, klonajn.
cruciate, iomUn.
cruciater, (oinel.
cruciation, torn,
cruciating, tomik.
crucifier, k'usUfel.
crucifix, klusuf.
crusify, klusufon.
crede, ludSs., nematfik.
crudely, /irfiko.
crudity, lud, nemad.
crudy, higVs..
cruel, le;eHk.
cruelly, le/eiiko.
cruelness, le/eHkof.
cruelty, le/eHkof.
cry, \aDok.
cry, Inuoion, dlenon.
cryer, luKotel, rWenel.
crying, luwoiem, dlen&va..
crypt, sep.
crystal, kristad.
crystalization, kristadsi-m.
crystalize, kristadQn.

26Q

GRAMMAU OF VOLAPuK.

crystalizing, kristadaxa.

cube, kiib.

cubic, hiibik..

cuckoo, kukfeV.

cue, gob, ladaloA.

CTiff, flap, lilaflap.

cuirass, kiirad.

cuirassier, kiiradel.

cull, stupel. •

cultivable, beiwmik,

cultivate, kuUvcna., bumon,- be-

iumon,
ciiltivation, knliv, bumaxa.
cultivator, bumel, kulivei.
cumber, flkul.

cumbrous,_^fc«Zik,tobik,Jote(?ik.
cumbrousness, flkul.
cunning, kaf, skil, skul
ounning, kafik, skili)s..
cunninly, fca/iko, sMiko.
cunningness, kaf, skiil,
cup, Jouil, glekop, kdp.
curator, kuratel,
curd, kvak.
curd, bigon.
curdle, bigon.
cure, medin.
cure, sanbn,
ciired, pesanol.
curer, sanel.

curiosity, seled.

courious, seledVa.

curl, tuViia..

curling, tul, flek.

currency, zileg&\.

current, golVx..

current, zigon&Ta.

currentness, zileg&t.

curse, neZaftad.

curse, neZa&adon.

cursed, neteJadik.

cursedness, neKJ, neZa5ad6f^

ourser, neKJadel.

curst, badwgik.

curtail, blef'dn.

curtain, bifoin..

curve, fldkom,

custom, kSsom, sildoA.

customable, s«£?odik.

customer, ^onel.

cut, kot, slit.

cut, Hton,

cutler, neifel.

cultery, nei/en.

cutter, kotel.

cylinder, zilin.

cylindric, zilmiV.

czar, zar.

czarina, ji-zar

dab, flap.

daddle, tan.1

dagger, dag.

dagger, dagon.

daily, a del, c?eHko.

daintily, ligedo, daifTiko.

daintiness, daif, liged.

dainty, liged.

dainty, ligedik, daifik.

dairy, mUigod.

dale, mebel. -
dally, fopon,
dam, dam.
dam, damSn.
damage, dam.
damage, damon.
damaged, damik'.
damaging, damam.
dame, IM.
damn, kodemon.

GRAMMAR 01" VOLAPUK.

261

■damnable, kodemik.
'damnableness, kodetnAvn.
damnably, kodena^o.
damnation, kodenmb.
damned, kodemik.
damp, stom.
damp, slomik, vat'df'ik.
dampen, Zumon, s^cimon.
dampness, vatoi.
dampv, wa^ofik, stomik.
dance, daniid.
dance, danudon.
dancer, danudA.
■dancing, danud?LTa..
dar^r, polig.
dangerous, polig\]s..
dangerously, poligiko.
dangerousness, p'dligaX.
^re, penarfon, kinon, telodokon.
daring, venii(Sk.
dark, daeg&, dagih.
dark, daeg, dag.
darken, dagoa, neiton.
darkener, da^el.
'darkish, do^lik.
darkness, dag.
darling, Zo/ab.
dam, stikon.
dart, sagit.
darter, sagitel.
dash, klam.
dash, kldmon; Jiapon.
dashing, spi<Sk, klatik.
date, dat ; daet.
date, ddton.
■dater, ddtel.
datetree, daetaft/m.
daub, \\ipdnot.
dauber, luponel.
&ughter, of-son; ji-son.
daughter-in-law, ji-liison,
-daughterlike, ji-sonlik.
-daughterly, .ii-.sorelik.

daunt, j'ekon.

dawn, delawerf.

dawn, delon..

day, del.

daylight , delaZj*.

dazzle, hleinon.

dazzling, bleinik.

deacon, dekad.

deaconry, dekanof.

dead, edeilol.

dead(en), funon.

deadly, /unlik.

deadness, deilnm..

deaf, sudik.

deafen, sudon.

deafness, sud,

deal, dil.

deal, dilon.

dealer, dilel, tedel.

dealing, tedam; bit.

deam, ninkikon.

dean, dekan.

dear, lofik.

dear, delidik., vbladik.

dearly, lo/iko.

dearness, delidoi.

death, deil.

deathfal, deili)s..

debar, sektkbn, dafcjfcon.

debase, 6apon, mikon.

debased, mifcik, 6apik.

debasement, hapum., mika.m.

debaser, Japel, mikel.

debate, hepiikon.

debater, hepHkel.

debauch, nepued.

debit, rfeHk.

debtor, debel.

decapitate, fcapon.

decapitation, kapbi.

decay, vanbn.

decease, deilon.

deceit, ciit.

262

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

deceitful, ciitik.
deceitfully, cudko.
deceitfulness, cufam.
deceivable, ciitlik.
deceivableness, cUtam.
deceive, ciiton.
deceived, cwrik.
deceiver, cK^el.
deceiving, ciiiik.
December, dekul.
decency, lepot.
decent, lepotik.
deception, cut.
deceptive, ciitik.
deceptively, ciidko.
deceptiveness, c»(<am,
decide, kludon.
decidedly, /«mik.
decider, klude\, lonel.
decillion, balsion.
decime, (music), halsM.
decision, cdda.t.
decisive, corfatik,
deck, teg.
deck, tegon.
decker, tegel.
decking, tegsii-
declaim, deklamon.
declamation, deklam.
declaration, seplan, aeptonam.
declare, aeplanon.
declarement, sep^anam.
declarer, seplaitel.
declaring, seplanik.
declination, deklin.
decline, deklinoa.
declining, deklinik.
decorate, dekoa.
decoration, deksaa..
decorous, dekik.
decoy, baton,
decrease, luna,m.
decrease, lun'dn.

decreasing, lunaimk.
decree, stitajn.
dedicate, komiton.
dedication, komit.
dedicator, komitA.
deduce, kludm.
deducement, fcforfam.
deed, dun, jen.
deem, kmton.
deep, dib.
deep, diVik.
deepen, dibon.
deeply, dibiko.
deepness, dib(am).
deer, stag,
deface, jemoA.on.
defacing, /cmodik.
defame, sZanon.
defamed, s^anol.
defamer, slanA.
defaming, slan.
default, def, pok.
defavilt, gefe^ifcon.
defaulter, geUibel.
defeat, hevikod&va.
defeat, noson, uanon.
defecate, nifalon.
defecatian, ni/'alam.
defect, def, p5k, dof.
defect, defik, doflk.
defection, de/am..
defective, defik, aelefnlik
defectiveness, de/am.
defence, jel.
defend, Jelon.
defendant, j'elel,
defended, jelol.
defender, jelel.
defending, jelik. ,
defer, loveZeZon.
deference, yil.
deferent, yilik.
defiance, tod, nesi'am.

GKAMMAR. OF VOLAPiiK.

2 an

deficiency, pok.
deficient, pokik.
defier, todel.
defile, gur.
defile, yeniodon.
defiled, yemodik.
defiler, jemoAel.
define, c5c?at6n, lonon.
definer, tonel, no^edel.
definite, ^'mik.
definition, coda,t, to;iam.
definitive, s/wrfik, ^nik.
definitive, lona,maYoi.
deflorate, yemodamik,
defloration, /emodam.
deflour, j'emoion.
deform, ne/b'mon.
deformity, ne/'om.
defy, todon.
degradation, Japam.
degrade, hapon.
degree, liien.
degustation, blufam.
deify, godou.
deity, Godng.
deject, glumon.
dejected, ghimik, glumSl&.
dejection, glumal.
delate, kusadon.
delation, kusad.
delator, kusadel.
delay, steb.

delayment, lat, latam, steb.
delegate, deputal.
deliberate, siiendn.
deliberate, suenik.
deliberately, siieniko.
deliberateness, alien,
deliberation, siiena,m..
delicacy, zad, liged.
delicate, zadih, ligedik.
delicately, za(&o.
delicatencss, :orfiU.

delicious, ligedik.
delicioussness, liged.
delight, le^riil,
deliglit, legdlm,
delighted, ]egdlik, pe^cV/iil.
delighter, gdlel.
delightful, drolik, gdlik.
delightfully, galiko.
delightfulness, drol.
delightsome, dj-olik.
deliver, hbon, limamon.
deliverance, de/io.
deliverer, dei«.'el.
delivery, ieliv.
delude, cuton.
deluder, ciitel.
deluding, ciito\.
deluge, twvat.
delusion, cit, ciVam, cut,
demand, flag, sak.
demand, flagon, sai on.
demander, flagel.
demanding, flagol.
demarcation, miedalien.
demean, tagfm, bapon, l-ndotou.
demeamour, tag, kodot.
demonical, develik.
demonstrate, blo/Jonon.
demonstration, blof.
demonstrative, lasigik.
demonstrator, ilofel.
demoralization, /emodam.
demoralize, jemodon,
demur, dot.

demur, doton, nesludon.
demure, dimik.
demureness, »iid6i, dim.
denial, nestam.
denier, nesi'el.
Denmark, Dan.
denominate, eaten, dajieJHon.
denomination, cill cd!n,m, da-
nem, da»emam.

2G4

OttAMMAK OF VOLAPUk.

denominator, benemel.
denounce, kusadon, tadon.
denouncement, kusad.
denouncer, kusadel.
dense, soludiTs..
densely, soliid&o.
denseness, soliid.
density, soliid.
dent, tut.
dental, tudk.
.dentist, tutHYel.
dentistry, tutsiv.
denudate, niidon.
denudation, niid&xa.
denuding, niidol.
denunoiate, kusadou-
denunciation, kusad.
denunciator, kusadel.
deny, nesion.
depart, vaogolon.
departer, mo^'ofel.
department, ceni.
departure, motav. -
depeche, depad.
deplorable, yamik.
deplorableness, yamoi.
deplorably, yamiko.
deploration, yamSjm..
deplore, yamon, pidim.
deport, tag, kodot.
deportment, kodot, tag.
depot, magad.
depose, h%seitbn, noeloTo..
deposit, pan.
deposit, pareon.
depravation, rUh&va..
deprave, r«66n.
deprecate, daJeg'on.
deprecation, daftejram.
depredate, distukon.
depredation, distukaxa..
depress, \epedon
depression, le/iedam.

deprivation, poliid.

deprivement, polud.

depth, dib, dibal.

depulsion, mq;"ofcam.

depurate, klinon.

depute, deputon.

deputy, deputal.

derangement, Taeleod,

deride, kofQn.

derision, kofam.

derive, licinoTa.

derogate, ddmon, mikbn, h apon,

sma/on.
derogation, ble/a.jn, de/a/am,
descend, Zicinon, dongolon,
descendant, licinel.
descender, don^otel.
descent, dongol.
describe, hepenon.
describer, bepenel.
describing, bepenol.
description, bepenam.
descry, dsktiiv'on.
desert,- Kuon.
desert, melid.
desert, /oerik
deserted, -peliivol.
deserter, liivel.
desertion, liiv, UivAva.
deserve, melidon.
deserver, melidA.
deserving, melidik.
deservingly, melidHko.
design, desan, ployeg, disir.
design, desinon, ployeg6n, des-

dn'on.
designate, lasigon.
designation, lasig.
designator, lasige\.
designedly, desiniko.
designer, ployegel, desdnel.
desirable, vipik.
desirably, viplik.

GUAMMAll OF VOLAPlik.

265

desire, desida^ra., flag, deman.
desire, desidon, flagon.
desired, -pedesidol, Jlagik.
desirous, desidik.
desirousness, desid.
desk, kikon.
desolate, soalik..
desolate, distukon.
desolately, soaZiko.
desolateness, soal.
desolation, distnk.
despair, dev.
despair, devon.
despairer, devel.
despairing, devik.
despairingness, dev&m.
despatch, depad.
despatch, desecZon, sedon.
despatcher, sec^el, desec^el.
desperate, deoik.
desperately, dei'iko.
desperateness, deval.
desperation, dev.
despise, nesh'mon, nestumon.
despised, nesiiimol, nestimbl.
despisedness, nestim, nestiim.
despiser, nestiimel, nestimel.
despising, nestmiTs., nesiawik.
despite, ponit.
despite of, to.
despiteful, hadugik.
despitefulness, badng.
despot, vutel.
despotic, yufelik.
destine, Zonon.
desteny, fat.
destitute peto'yol.
destitution, niid&xa, neZaJam.
destroy, noson, raJon.
destroyer, nosel.
destroying, nos'ol.
destructible, noslik.
destruction, nosam, riib.

destructive, nosik.
destructiveness, rubuh.
detach, detiilon.
detached, detiilik.
detachement, detiilian.
detail, detul.
detail, deiiildn.
detailed, yedetulol.
detain, laton, fcipou.
detect, datewon.
detecter, dato'uel.
detection, daiayam.
detention, kip, kip&xa.
deter, dejekon.
' determent, de/efcam.
determinable, codnilik, lonik.
determinate, /iimik.
determinately, fdmiko.
determination, Zonam,
determinator, Zonel.
determine, Mudon, Jinoa, lon-

bn.
detest, 'ertn.
detestable, 'erik.
detestableness, .'eZof.
detestation, 'et.
detester, '^etA.
detract, blefon, slmion
detraction, slan.
detractor, slan&l.
detriment, dam.
detrude, le/aZon.
detrusion, le/aZam.
deuce, lakelo, devel.
deucedly, Zaielo, milo ! develo.
devastate, distukon.
devastation, distuk, distuta,ia.
develop, dufomon
development, dufoimxn.
devest, niidon, lib'dn, Aetegdn.
device, kaf, pilkeA,
deviseful, kafik.
devil, devel.

266

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

devilet, develil.
devilish, develik.
devise, geliit&dil.
devise, siienon, daft'Aibn.
deviser, daizfcel, da^Muel.
devoid, vag^k.
devoir, plig.
devolution, lovegioZed.
devolve, love^oZon.
devolvement, love</oted.
devote, kosekon.
devoted, kosekik.
devotednesa, kosek,
devotement, koseka,iR.
devoter, kosekel.
devoting, iosefcam,
devotion, devod.
devotional, devodi]i..
devotionalist, devodel.
devotionally, devodiko.
devour, Aimidon.
devoured, -pedimidol.
devourer, dimidel-
devouring, dimftik.
devout, devodik, relik, i-eZadik.
devoutly, devodlik.
devoutness, devod, reZad.
dew, tof.
dew, to/on.
dewy, toflik.
dexterity, skil, skvil.
dexterous, s^«7ik, skiilik.
dexterously,' skiliko.
dexterousness, skill,
diabolic, develik.
diabolism, develen.
diadem, klon.
dial, j'onel.
dialect, dialeg.
dialectal, dialegik.
diamond, diamin.
diarrhoea, rur.
diary, Aelnbuk.

dictate, dikon.
dictation, dikum..
dictator, dikel.
diction, still, puknt.
dictionary, uOcia(s)buk.
diddle, ciitm, kdfon.
die, fcoMaatap.
die, deil'on.
diet, diat.
dietary, diaiik,
differ, difon.
difference, dif.
different, di/ik.
differently, difiik.
difBcvilt, Jikulik.
difficulty, fikul.
diffide, raikonfidon.
diffidence, vaikonjid.
diffident, miio?i^'iiik.
diffuse, disipik,
diffuse, mojicion.
dig, sopon.
digger, sopel.
digging, sii^am.
digiiify, mbdon.
dignity, dinit.
dike, dam.
dilation, sesiad&ia.
dilate, sesiadea.
diligence, dut.
diligen, dutik, vohik.
diligently, rfuriko.
dilute, slenGn.
dilution, sZenam.
dim, daegik, dagik.
dimidiate, laf'on.
diminish, lun'on.
diminution, lunam.
diminutive, smalik.
diminutiveness, pill, pdlSL
dimly, luWik.
dimness, daeg, dag.
dine, zejidela,fid'dn.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

267

dining-room, fldasaY.

dinner, zendeU-fid.

dip, lumon, vatofoTi.

diphthong, paluoifcal.

diploma, diped.

diplomacy, dip, dipa.r.

diplomated, dipedik.

diplomatic, dipik, dipuvik.

diplomatist, dipel (dipedel).

direct, nemerfamik.

direct, dileJciin.

directer, dilekel.

direction, dileket.

directly, uemedamiko.

director, dilekel.

dirt, slam, miot.

dirt, stenon mioton, slamoa,

dirtily, s^enlik.

dirtiness, sten, miot.

dirty, stenih, miotik.

dirty, stenon, mioton, jemodon.

disability, nefag.

disable, nefdffon.

disabled, ne/af^ik.

disablement, ne/ai^am.

eisaccHstom, nefcosomon,

disadvantage, dam.

disaffection, ne/efcam.

disaffirm, nonon.

disagree, dikodon, neptidon.

disagreeable, nelesum*, nelof-

lik, neplidik.
disagreeableneas, nelof.
disagreeably, neZo/liko.
disagreement, dikod, iiepiid,
disappear, jnogolon.
disappoint, citon.
disappointed, a'flk.
disappointment, cit, ctVam.
disapprobalion, blam.
disapprove, blamon.
disarm, devafon.
disarmament, dewa/am.

disarray, niid; kofud,
disater, lenelab.
disastrous, leneZaftik.
disastrously, leneteftika.
disavow, nonon.
disavowal, noned.
discern, distinHn.
discernment, suen, niludawL.
discharge, dismit.
discharge, dismitm. liron.
discharger, nelodel.
disciple, fulel, ziipel.
discipline, pud.
discipline, pudHn.
diseiplineship, ^apelug.
disclaim, nonon.
disclamation, noned.
disclose, da^^won.
disclosure, da(«pam.
discomfort, netlodon.
discomfort, netlod.
discomfortable, nezZorfik.
discompose, stenon.
discomposure, dof kofud.
discontent, nefcoten.
discontent, netotenon.
discontented, nekoienik.
discontentedly, nefcoteniko.
discontentedness, nekoten.
discontentful, nekotenik.
discontentment, nekoten ■
discontinuation, fln, deteMm.
discontinue, deleton, zedon,fdt-

on, finoR.
discord, palfofcal, telif.
discordance, teZif.
discount, rabat.
discount, rabaton.
discounter, 7'abatel.
discourage, neianimon.
discouragement, nelanim^ya.
discourager, neZanmel.
discourse, piikot.

2(.i8

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

discourse, piikbn.
discourser, piikel.
discourtesy, neplut.
discover, AsituvQn.
discoverable, logik.
discreetly, kautiko.
discreetness, kaut.
discrete, kautik.
discretion, kaut,
discuss, heptikon.
discussion, hepiikaxa.
disdain, nestim, nestHm.
disdain, nesiMmon.
disdainful, nesftmik, nesfamik.
disease, malad.
diseased, maladik.
disengage, livbn.
disengaged, livik.
disengagement, Ziwam.
disgrace, jemod.
disgrace, JemoAbn.
disgracer, femoAel.
disgraceful, jemo&ik.
disgracefulness, j'emoAotr
disgracious, femoiik, negonik.
disgust, naud.
disgustful, naudik.
disgustfulness, naudot.
disgusting, naudik.
dish, zib&m.
dishearten, ne/om'mon.
dishonest, nesnarik.
dishonestly, nesnariko.
dishonesty, nesnat.
dishonour, jemodon.
dishonourable, jemo&ik.
dishonourableness, /emodof.
dishonourably, /emodlik.
dishonoured, yemodik.
dishonourer, /emodel.
dislike-naud.
- dismal, mjsaflk.
dismalness, misal.

dismay, netenm.
dismiss, 6is,miton.
dismissal, dismit.
dismission, dismitaxa.
dismissive, dismitik.
disobedience, -nsldhed.
disobedient, neZofterfik.
disobey, m&lobedbn..
disorder, neZeorf.
disorderliness, neleodbi.
disorderly, n&leodik.
disown, fenesion.
dispend, ditibbn.
dispensation, secZSam.
dispense, serfiYon.
dispense, daZefcon
dispenser, se&'Zel.
disperse, disipbn.
dispersion, disipibra..
display, mofton.
display, manifb%n.
displease, wplidbn..
displeaser, miplidA,
displeasing, miplidik
displeasure, miplid.
dispose, gebbn, pdtbn.
disposer, gebel.
disposition, fekum.
dispraise, blambn.
disputable, be/eirik.
disputant, disputel.
disputation, di^uiaxn.
dispute, disp\it.
dispute, disputbn.
disputer, disputed.
disputing, disputbl.
disreputable, Jemodik.
disreputation, jemod.
disrepute, femodbn.
dissatisfaction, nekoten.
disatisfaotory, netoenik.
dissatisfy, nekotenon.
dissect, dife'mon.

GBAjniAR OF VOLAPiiK.

■269

dissection, di^iniam.
dissemble, simuloTi.
dissension, nepiid, dikod.
dissensious, dikod, nepwrfik.
dissent, di/Sii.
dissenter, edet7blel.
dissimulation, simul.
dissipate, disipQn.
dissipation, disip.
dissolute, glibik.
dissoluteness, glib,
dissolution, sedtV.
distance, fag.
distant, foffSs..
distasteful, naucfik.
distend, tenon, setenon.
distention, ten, tenam.
distil, steilon.
distillation, steil.
distiller, steUel.
distillery, steil.
distinct, distinon, sikon.
distinction, distin.
distinctive, distinik.
distinctness, kleil.
distinguish, distinaa,
distinguished, carfik.
distinguisher, distinel.
distingnishing, distinol.
distinguishment, distinam., sik,

sik&ia.
distract, disipon.
distraction, disipara.
distress, duv.
distress, lied,
distressfcd, leneZaMt, misalik,

liedik.
distribute, sediKn.
distributer, sedii'el,
distribution, serfjVam.
district, stuk.
distrust, jnjkon/id.
distrust, mikonfirMji.

distrustful, mikonfidiTc.

distmstfulness, jnikonfd.

disturb, (upon, kofudon,

disturbance, tup, tvpavn.

disturber, tvpei, Icofvdei,

disturbing, fopik.

ditch, sop.

diurnal, dfefik.

diumally, defiko, in del alik,

divaricate, sliton.

divarication, slitura.

diverb, piikedavod.

divers, difik, ans.

diversely, vielon.

diversity, dif.

diverting, droHk.

divest, foginon.

divide, dilon.

divided, dilol.

dividend, dividen.

divider, dilel.

dividing, dilaisa.

dividual, dilmk.

divination, plofetam.

divine, godAYel.

divine, pZq/erik.

divinely, godik.

divineness, ^odikug.

diviner, plq/etel.

divinity,' goda,\.

divisibility, dUiA.

divisible, dUSs..

division, dil, divisan.

divisor, dilA.

divorce, teilxn^ monk.

divorce, teHon, //ion.

divorced, tezlbl,

divorcement, teilam.

divorcer, teileh

divulge, manifajaou.

divulger, man;/ofel.

do, dunbn.

docible, tirKk.

270

GllAMMAB or VOLAPUK.

d:cile, tidik.

doctor, dokel, medinel, sonel.

doctor, dofcelon, medinon.

doctoral, dokelik.

doctorate, dok.

doctorship, dok.'

doctrinal, tidaxaik.

doctrine, tid.

document, dokum.

dodge, kd.fbn, fopon.

dodger, neszel.

doe ji-stag.

doer, dune].

dog, dog.

doggish, doglik.

dole, dilod, dol.

doleful, pidik, rfoHk.

dolor, dol.

dolorous, dolik.

dolour, dol.

dolt, stupel.

doltish, stupik.

dome, tem.

domestic, doma&nel.

domestical, domik,

domicile, 15d.

domiciliar, ninZorfel.

dominant, soleSk.

dominate, sol'dn.

domination, sotef. ■ '

dominator, solel.

domineer, solon.

domineering, s6le£k.

dominican, dominikan.

dominion, stiik, solei.

don, klot'dn.

donation, \egiv.

donative, \egiv.

donkey, cuk.

donor, \egive\.

doom, cMat.

doom, codoii, corfatOn

door, yan.

door-keeper, ^anel.
doorlook, fczfeim.
dose, bok.
dot, pun.
double, telik.
double, telon, ^eZukon.
double, plif on.
double-minded, dobik,
doubleness, telwg.
doubler, telel, ielsbTnel.
double-tongued, dobik.
doubling, tel&va.
doubly, ielik.
doubt, dot
doubt, dotoTa.
doubter, dotel.
doubtful, dodk.
doubtfully, dotiko.
doubtfulness, dotng.
doubting, dotol.
dougtiness, kin.
doughty, kinik.
douze, duj'etbn.
dove, ji-pejin.
dovelet, pejinil.
down, don, disi.
down, \efdlon.
down, iapon, mik^n.
downward, disi, don.
downy, miedik.
dowze, flap
doze, Inslipoa.
dozen, balseteZel.
doziness, Inslipoi.
dozing, luslipik.
dozy, slipik
draftsman, magel.
drag, tenon, zugon.
draggle, sten6n, mioton.
dragoon, dragel.
drain, nelunon.
drama, damat.
dramatic, damatik.

GR.AMX1AK OF VOLAPiiU.

271

dramatist. damate\.

dramatize, damaton.

draper, klofaferfel.

draught, dlinaA, zug, zagiLlut.

draughtsmen, moffel.

draw, ziiffon, ?endii.

draw, ro<j^6n,

drawer, mu/ab.

drawer, cjuyel, tenel.

dread, jek, died.

dread, dledon.

dreaded, Tpedledol.

dreadful, dlediik, jekik.

dreadfully, dledo, j'elako.

dreadfulness, le;eiikof

dreajn, dlim,

dream. dlim'oTo..

dreamer, dlimel.

dreaminess, dlimaX.

dreamy, dlimik.

drear, misalik.

dreariness, misal.

dreary, misalik.

dreggy, miotik.

drench, dlinad.

drench, ladlinon.

dress, klotini

dress, khton,

dressed, klotik.

dresser, hlotel.

dressing, klotaxa..

dress-maker, klota,mekel, teladel.

dressy, dekik.

drill, gim.

driller, ^tmel.

drink, dlinaA.

drink, dlin&n, lopoTi.

drinkable, dlinik.

drinker, dlinel, kopel.

drinking, dlin.

drive, vegOn, mofon.

driver, mo/el.

driving, peyam.

droll, 6o/el.
droUerj^, hofen, drol.
drolUsh, rfro^ik, 66/ik.
drop, tof.
drop, tofoD.
droplet, tofil.
dropping, tofik.
dross, skom, miot.
dressiness, nenifa,}.
drossy, nenj^alik.
drought, Tielum.
droughtiness, nelvim.
droughty, neKmik.
drove, jep,
drover, /epel.
drown, tnvaton.
drowse, mekon slipik.
drowse, binon slipik.
drowsily, sliplik.
drowsiness, slipoi.
drowsy, slipik.
drudge, vumon.
drudge, slaf.
drudge(r), rwmel.
drudgery, slafa,voh.
drug, medxa.
drugged, meO^mk.
druggist, drogel.
drum, tonasfa'n.
drum, tonasfcireon.
drummer, tonasfa'nel.
drunk, dlinaAik.
drunkardr kopel.
drunken, dZmadik.
drunkenness, dlinaAaX.
dry, neiumik.
dry, neiumon.
dryer, neZumel.
drying, neZuTnik.
dryly, neiumiko.
dryness, nelum.
dnalistic, te^ngik.
duality, tehig.

272

GBAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

dub, flap.

dubious, dotik.

dubiousness, dotot

diical, diikih.

duchess, ^i-diik.

duchy, diikah.

duck, dbt.

dudgeon, hadng.
' due, deboi.

duke, diik.

dukedom, dUkxHa,

duldet, svidik.

dulcificaiion, svid^m..

dulcify, svid&a.

dull, durmk, ^Zoiik.

dullard, sfa^el.

dulness, stup, stupsX, dum.

duly, diltik.

dumb, muedik,

dumbness, mued.

dummy, stiipA.

dump, gluimX.

dumpish, ^Zuraalik.

dumpishness, ghim&l.

dunce, glohel.

dung, don.

dung, donon.

dungeon, fanub.

duodecimo, balseiJeZuf.

dupe, pecis^el.

dupe, cuion.

duple, telik.

duple, telon, teffikon.

duplicate, telik.
duplicate, telon, ieffikon.
duplication, 7eZam.
duplicity, telinegoi, telng,
durable, dulik.
durance, faniib.
duration, dul.
dure, dulon, letfaZSn.
dusk, lufeV, lunid.
dusk, lulitik, \\midik.
dusky, ^temik, dagik.
dust, puf.
dust, piifon.
duaty, ^«/ik.
Dutch, neddnik.
Dutchman, neddnel.
duteous, diinavilik, sotik.
dutiful, soak, diinainlik.
dutifulness, hligal.
duty, blig.
dwell, lodon.
dweller, ninZot^el.
dwelling, 18d.
dwelling-house, lod.
dwelling-place, ldds,i^lad.
dwindle, lunon.
dye, kol.

dye, j/ulibbn, hiiltm.
dyeing, yulib&ra..
dyer, yulibe\, k'dl^X,
dye-stuffs, stofacan.
dying, fc67en.
dynasty, regam..

E.

each, a, alik. earable, iumik.

eager,_^Hk, zunik, spihik, ziidik. earache, \i\adol.

eagerness, jap, tepai. eared, Ulik.

eagle, gil. earl, gab.

eaglet, gilil. earldom, ^eftef.

ear, lil. earlinesa, gol, g'dlel.

GKAMMAK OP VOLAPliK.

27S

early, golils., godelik.
earn, meliton, vobon
earnest, fef.
earnest, fefik.
earnestness, fef, /efoi.
earning, melit, vob.
earth, tal.
eartli, talon.
earthen, talnik.
earthenware, stona^e/".
earthliness, talal.
earthling, talel.
earthly, talik.
earthquake, taladtem.
earthy, taKk.
ease, koven, taked.
ease, leiton.
'easily, nefikulo.
easiness, nefikul, koven.
east, lefii^k.
East, lefud.

Easter (Holiday); lesustannzal.
easterling, le/iidknel.
Eastern, lefiic&mk.
Eastward, \efiived.
easy, nefikulik..
eat, fidon.
eatable, ;£rfik.
eater, JidfA.
e\)b, ban.

eccentric, nezenorfik.
echo, lek.
echo, lekon.

eclaircissement, niin; plan,
eclat, klat.
eclipse, nefiedon.
ecliptic, klipit.
economic, feoreomik.
economical, iaurik.
economist, kondmel.
economize, konomon.
economy, konom.
ecstasy, leg»l.

edacious, lu^eflk.

edaoiousness, Infidoi.

edacity, lu^rfof.

Eden, palad.

edge, goliifcoTam, sim.

edge, japon.

edification, fUnaja.

edifice, funaX, stid, stit. Inim.

bumot.
edifier, fiinel, siahA.
edify, fiinon, staban.
edition, s^v.
editor, pnbe\, bukasefel.
educate, iadukon.
educated, darf«Hk.
education, daAifc.
educationist, darfufcel.
educator, dacZufcel.
eel, sneka^^. .
efifect, fin, sek.
efifect, (ZwiBon, koddn.
effection, klud&va.
effective, wojadik, >idimk.
effeminacy, hivonAoi.
effeminate, luromik.
efform, fom.
efformation, ybmam.
effort, steif.
effuse, mo/»(6n.
effusion, mo/Ktam.
egg, nog.
egoism, itasSk.
egoistic, itaswHk.
egoistically, itasafriko.
egotist, itasjjfcel.
egress, se^oZ.
egression, se^roZam.
Egypt, Agupan.
Egyptian, AgiipdnA.
Egyptian, AgiipdnVs..
eight, jol.
eighteen, haXsejol.
eighteenth, balse/oZid.

IS

274

GRAMMAR 01' VOLAPUK.

eightfold, yd7ik.
eighth, joliA.
eighthly, joliio.
eightieth, ydZsid.
eighty, jols.
either, alik,

eject, nin/?um6n, sesiadon.
elapse, iegonon.
elapaion, fegon&m..
elastic, lastinik.
elasticity, lastin.
elate, pleitik, pleidils..
elation, pleid, pleit.
elder, pael.
elders, pal.
elect, valoTL.
election, vdl&xa.
elector, valel.
electric, lektini^. ■
electrician, leklinA.
electricity, lektin.
olectrification, lektinaxi\.,
electrize lektinoa.
eleganze, dekof.
elegant, dekik.
elegantly, rfefciko.
element, lomin.
elemental, lominH.
elephant, nelfan.
elevate, modon, geilon.
elevated, suhinaHe..
elevation, subim, geil&va..
elevator, lestoZel.
eleven, bcdsehal.
eleventh, haUebalid.
ellipse, liped.
elliptic, lipedik.
elocution, sepuk.
elongate, lonedba, inofon,
elongated, lonediik.
elongation, loneda>va.
eloquence, paifcSf.
eloquent, pukoH^n.

else, voto, uodko.
elsewhere, votHko.
elucidate, pldnon, kleilon.
elticidated, pldnik.
elucidation, plan, nun.
elucidator, plmel.
elude, zigolon.
elusion, zi^oZam.
emanate, Aaglqfoa, sekon.
emanation, sefcam .
embank, mndamoTa.
embarras, jemofon.
embarrassed, /emik.
embarrassment, jemiii.
embassador, legatel.
embasaadress,-ji-Ze5ra<el.
embassy, legat, legateva.
embolden, lanimon
embrase, zisumon.
embroil, kofudon.
emigi-ant, se«ewel.
emigrate, aetevon
emigration, setevaxa.
eminence, svibim, hizugoi.,
eminent, hiziigik.
Emperor, limep.
emphasis, lebeionam.
emphasize, lebetonon.
emphatic, lebeforaik.
Empire, limepiib.
employ, cal, geb.
employ, givon vobi; gebon.
employer, gebe\.
employment, cal.
Empress, ji-Umep; ot-limep.
empty, uo^ik
empty, vagbn.
emptier, vagel.
emptiness, vag.
emulate, steif on.
emulation, steifaax.
enable, fdgiya..
enact, loniyn..

GliAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

275

■enact, Zonam.
•enactor, lonel.
enactnre, dunoi.
encampment, seitap.
-enchant, legiilbn.
•enchanted, legdlik.
enchanter, le<7afel.
enchantment, \egdl, le^afam.
•encircle, ziimoTo..
enclose, ninkikon, iudon.
enclosure, ziim.
encounter, Iwpug.
encourage, stigon, lanimon,
encouraged, lanimik.
-encouragement, lanimajn.
eneourager, lanimel.
encouraging, lanimoh
end, fin, Hudara.
-end, da/Jnon.
^nd, finon.
•endeavour, steif.
■endeavour, steifaa
^ndeavonrer, stei/ei.
endecagon, balsebalagul.
ending, iafin, da^nam.
endow, be^iVon.
■endo-vrer, be^eVel.
endowment, hegivAm.
endurable, sufik.
^ndurableness, su/al.
endurance, suf.
endure, sii/on.
endurer, sufel, \edulel.
endaring, su/ik.
enemy, ne/len, teel.
energy, namal, steniidal,
enervation, fib.
enforce,/?i»on,damMt6n,mei^adon.
enforcement, fima,Ta, mekstA.
enforcer, meiadel, damutel.
enforcing, mekaAiii,
engage, fefanon, htigon, givoa
rohi, gei'dTi.

engagement, bligAjn, panam,

smapug.
engager, blige\, gehel.
engine, cin.
engineer, nugenel, cinan, cin-

ufel.
engineman, eanan.
England, Nelij.
English, neli/ik.
Englishman, nelyel.
engrave, ^^awon, sepon.
engravement, sepzja..
engraver, ^aeel.
engraving, gav.
engross, bigoa.
engrossed, bigik.
engrosser, 6i^el.
engrossement, big&m.
enigma, rat.
enjoy, juiton,
enjoyable, j'uiAk.
enjoyer, juiiel.
enjojment, juit.
enlarge, gleton,. moddn.
enlarged, -pegledk.
enlargement, morfam.
enlarger, model.
enlarging, modik.
enlight, daZiibn.
enlighten, inUton.
enlightener, iaiitel.
enlightening, daZ/Zam.
enmity, toal, ne^^eniig.
enneagon, zula^uZ.
ennoble, haonon.
ennoblement, 6ao»am.
ennobling, baonik.
enorminity, legletof.
enormous, legletik.
enormously, le^too.
enormousness, le^toof.
enough, sdto
enounce, noion.

276

GRAMMAll 01' VOLAl'iiK.

enrage, zaniin.
enraged, vutik.,
enrapture, \egal6n.
enravish, \egdt6n.
enravished, legdlik.
enravishment, legal, [egdlavci.
enrich, hegon.
enrichment, liegaxa.
ensign, stdnel.
enslave, sZa/enon,
enslavement, sla/en.
ensue, sekon, ziion.
ensure, f5se/6n.
entail, gavon.
entangle, kq/ud6n.

iniitlidon,
nin^oZon, kosekon,
toladoTi.
enter!, mo!
entering, niitlid.
enterprise, beginara.
enterprise, heginon.
enterpriser, beginel.
enterprising, beginik.
entertain, f'dlQn, musamiin.
entertainer, folel.
entertaining, drolik, musamik.
entertainment, Zmfa^am,musam .
enthrone, ilon'dn.
enthusiasm, tik&[.
enthusiast, lanimei.
enthusiastic, hetikalik, liedoAik.
entice, bat'on.
enticement, bat, Ja^am.
enticing, bdtetm.
entire, lolik.
entirely, loliko, lolo.
eutirenesB, Ibl.

entitle, danemon, cdlon, tiddon.
entity, iinwg.
entomb, sepon,
entombment, sepam.
entrance, niitlid.

entreat, lebegon, plekon.
entry, nutlid.
enumerate, suamon.
enumeration, suamam.
enumerator, suamel.
envelop, pened&kov.
envelopment, kofud?Lm.
environ, ziimon, zonon.
epilepsy, falip.
epileptic, falhpik.
epoch, tup.
equal, leleigH, leigik.
equal, leigo^.
equality, leig.
equalization, leig&va.
equalize, leig6n.
equally, \eleigo.
equalness, leig.
equation, leigiiTn.
equip, plepadon.
equipment, plepad.
equity, gid, gida\.
ere, bifo, s«num(o).
erect, leblim'on, bumbn^
erection, stitaja.
eremite, soalel.
err, poZon.
errand, nun.
errant, polol.
erratum, bukapofc.
erring, pol&m..
erroneous, polik, dohik.
error, pOk.
errorful, pokik.
erudite, Tpetidol.
eruditeness, peftVZolat^
erudition, pefayfilat.
eruption, rup.
escape, pok,
escape, easlitpon.
escort, kopan.
escort, kopanon.
escorter, kopanel.

GBA.MMAR 01' VOLAl'UK.

277

-especial, paAh.

especially, \epleso, patiko, pato.

especialnesj, pat. dnhaloA.

espier. Jiikel.

espionage, liik

espouse, matokbn.

espy, liikon.

essay, bhif, UufiLja.

essay. 6.'«/on.

essayer, feZu/el

essence, nhia.

essential, siJinik.

establish, stitOJi, s?<>am6n.

established, .«?iVainol.

establisher, s^ifamel.

establishing, stit, stitam.

establishment, stit, stiit

estate, lab. tat.

esteem, dig. \^lim

esteem, \eda-bn. les^jmon.

esteemable, rfiyik, les^/mik.

esteemei", les^jrael.

estimable, les^j'ntlik.

estimate, dicon.

estimation, diiv.

et cetera, e Zemanikos.

eternal, fenofik, duVtk.

eternalist, tenaleX

eternity, tennl.

eternise, tenalLm

eulogical, Zo&lik.

eulogist, pliedel.

eulogize, lohon, pliedon.

eulogy, paan.

euphonious' benotonik.

euphony, benoton.

Europe, Tulop.

European, yulopA.

European, yulop&.

evacuate, vagbn.

evacuated, vagi^s..

evacuation, wo^am.

^vacuator, wayel.

eyade, 7.igol on, vitbn.
evaded, zi^otel.
evading, wirik.
evangelic, gospelik.
evangelical, gospelik.
evangelicalism, ^o^e2ikam.
evangelism, gospelSl.
evangelist, gospele\
evangelization, ^ospeZam.
evangelize, gospelon.
evangelized, gospelol.
evangely, gospel,
evasion, vit, vitsna.
eve, vended.
Eve, Efa.

even, ^eZik, as, a,slik
even, leigon, kamon.
evener, leigei, ka7ne\.
evening, le.igara.. feamam.
evening, vended
evening-star, vendelasieZ.
evenness, leig
event, zid.
eventful, :r/rfik.
eventide, vendelafa'm.
eventual, baik, zaik
eventuality, z«ial.
eventually, eventuo.
eventuate, zidon.
ever, egelo, \a,limo
everlasting, levelik.
everlastingness, levelaia.
eversion, distuk, rfistafcam.
every, a, alik,
everybody, alim.
evidence, klul, blof, noel.
evident, hlofik.
evidently, blo/o.
evidentness, kleil
evil, bad, nesan, ne/a6.
evince, blofon.
evincible, hlofik.
evitate , vt'ton.

278

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPilK.

evitation, vit, viiaia..
ewe, ji-jip.
exact, kulad&
exact, flagon, demanon.
exacter, flag A.
exaction, flagsum.
exactitude, kulad.
exactly, kulaAko.
exactness, kulad.
exactor, flagel.
exactress, ji-^ag'el, oi-flagel.
exaggerate, turfunon gletHn.
exaggeration, glet&m..
exalt, le^aWn, loh'on..
exaltation, lob.
exaltedness, siibim.
exalter, lobA, legSXeV.
examen, xamdn.
examinate, xamon.
examination, xam&Tn,
examinator, .ramel.
examine, xamm.
examiner, .romel.
example, sam.
exasperate, biedon.
exasperation, hiednm.
exceed, lovbn.
exceeder, lovel.
exceeding, lovik, lew«m.
exceedingly, lei;emo.
exel, lovoa.
excellence, hizugot.
excellent, hizugik.
excellently, hizugiho.
except, pla, sumu, pldsif.
except, eesumon.
exception, sesum.
excessive, ■phxmafiJc, levern.
excessively, plumq/'iko.
exchange, can.
exchange, canon,
exchanger, canel.
excite, sHgon.

excited, ^ofik.
excitement, yof, yofol.
exciter, stigA, yojfel,
exciting, yofik.
exclaim, aevokon.
exclaimer, seuoifcel,
exclaiming, seuofcam.
exclamation, sevok.
exclude, sefciion.
excluded, seiftik.
exclusion, sekikimn..
exclusive, sekiko.
excommunicate, sekikoa,
excommunication, se^ilam.
excrement, miot.
excursion, tiid.
excusable, fo^'iyik.
exousableness, iogivot.
excusation, iogwa,-m.
excuse, sekusad.
excuse, fo^'won, iegivoa.
excuser, fGgivel.
execute, dun'on, lefuloa, /vnon-^
executer, rfunel, fune\.
execution, le/uZam, /wnam.
executive, le/Wik.
exemplar, sam.
exercise, plag.
exercise, pldgdn, gehbn.
exerciser, plag A.
exert, iopon.
exertion, t6p, jalep.
exhaustion, letop, tufofii
exhibition, seiopam.
exhort, monedbn.
exist, siMnon.
existence, si&m.
existing, siijnik.
exit, iezug, segol.
expand, veitbn.
expanded, veitik,
expanse, plen.
expansibility, veitbi.

GKAJIMAR OF TOLAPiiK.

279

expansion, veitaxa.
expansive, veitik.
expatiation, zilek?ig.
expect, valadon.
expectation, valad.
expecter, valadel.
expedience, spid, beginaja.
expedient, spidii, vifik, sfcVik.
expedition, sedam, skal.
expend, segivSn.
expense, se^iV.
expensive, delidik.
expeusiveness, delidod.
experience, plak.
experience, plakon.
experiment, bluf.
experimental, hlufik.
expiration, Hn, _^nam.
expire, ^non.
explain, seplanim.
explanation, seplanata.
explicable, planik.
explicate, sepZanon, ^te'non.
explication, seplan, sepZanam.
exploit, dun, feb, pofeg.
exploration, d&vestig.
explore, Aavestigon.
export, sed, aesed, sesedam.
export, sesedon.
exportation, canase(fam, sesed,

sesedaxa.
exported, pesesedol.
exporter, seserfel.
exporting, sesecSk.
export-trade, sesedajn.
expose, septonon, fcmdn, veniidon.
exposition, aetopaja.
expositor, sepZanel.
exposure, setopsmi.
express, spztfel.
express, sepiikon, sepe?6n.
expression, seipe^
expressive, lebefonamik.

expressly, pleso, desiniko.
exquisite, hizugik..
exquisiteness, biztt^of.
extaait, kddik.
extad, veiton.
extended, veitik.
extender, veitel.
extensibUitj-, seteraof.
extensible, seienik.
extensibleness, seienof.
extension, seieraam.
extensive, veitik.
extensively, veito.
extensiveness, veitaxaoi.
extent, wesVamof.
exterior, senedik.
extern, senedik.
external, senedik.
extinct, de/a/ik.
extinction, nosam.
extinguish, nosOTi.
extinguishable, jiosik.
extirpate, nosanumon.
extol, lobon, pliedon.
extoller, label, pliedei.
extolling, pliedik, loblik.
extort, isimuton.
extorter, damuiel.
extortion, damuiam.
extortioner, dam!(<el.
extract, seziik.
extract, seziikon.
extraction, sesiikSbVi.
extractor, sezugel.
extraordinariness, lecemof.
extraordinary, leucmik.
extravagance, plujwa/of.
extravagant, pluma/'ik.
extravagantly, pluma/b.
extra vagantn ess, plu?nn/6f.
extreme, _^nani.
extreme, plakiino.
extremely, leiemo, ^»f/ikuno.

280

GllAMMA.ll OF VOLAPilK.

extremity, /in(am).

extricate, kuKvon.

extrication, kuliv.

extrude, semo/on. ^

extrusion^ semo/am.

1 ) Tahxmod, nenuni.

exuberance, If -, , , ,

' i oundan,leo««aan.

exuberant, nezesiidik, \ebun-

danik.

exuberate, lebundanon.

exult, y«6on, giilolcon.

exultant, yubik.
exultation, legal,
eye, log.
eye, logon.
eyed, logadik.
eyelass, loga'eZ.
eyelid, logaKm
eyer, Zo^el, beZo^el-
eyeabot, logeA.
eyesight, Zo^ad.

fable, fab.
fabric, fabliid.
fabricate, fabliidon.
fabrication, fdbludam.
fabricator, fabliidel.
fabulist, lu^o(?avel.
fabulize, fabon.
fabulous, fabik.
face, logod.
face, lenZo^on.
face (in face of), tefo, tefii.
facet, Zo^'odil.
facetious, bofik.
faoetiousness, Jo/of.
facile, nefikulik.
facileness, n&fikul.
facilitate, nejikulon.
facilitation, nejikulaw..
facility, neftkul.
facing, vead.
fact, dun, jen.
faction, dikod, nepUd.
factious, voluAli.
factiovisly, paletiko, voluto.
factiousness, paletoi.
factor, komitadel.
factory, fabliid.
faculty, labem., tillen.
facundity, piikot.

fail, pok, zdg.

fail, zogon.

failing, p6k.

failure, zog'am, falhn.

fain, \evip'&a..

fainness, \&oip.

faint, sipidSs..

faint-bearted, temipHk..

faint-beartedness, temipiSl.

faintness, sipid.

fainty, sipMlik.

1 yo»ik, SZojiik, gidik.
fair, \ gorak, litik, srearik.

) kaniidik., meiladik.
fair, maliit.
fair-baired, blonik.
fairly, kaniido, duso.
fairness, jon, kamiid.
faith ! v6 '. vo ! velato !
faith, fcl5d.

faithful , klddik, Jiedik.
faithfully, klodiko.
faithfulness, klodoi.
falcon, faon.
falconer, faonel.
fall, fal, lefal.
fall, falbn, lefalbn, lunon.
fallacious, ciiilik.
fallacy, ciit.

GRAMMA.E OF VOLAPUK.

281

fallible, pokik.

falling, Jiiaovag.

folse, dofeik.

false heartedness, rfoftal.

falsehood, dob.

Msify, dobon, neveladoa.

felsity, nevelad.

felter, stoton.

fame, fain.

fe,med, famik.

familiar, famiitik, koparak.

fiuniliaadty, famiilbi.

familiarise, keoZon.

femiliarly, famiiliko, kopaniko.

family, famiil

famous, /'amafulik.

fan, f/enel.

fanciful, seledmk

fancifalness, seledDai.

fency, nilud, vim, got

fancy, niludon, fanou.

fantastic, Jinik, netet'eHk.

fantasy, ftn

far, fagik.

fare, idvon. sladon. no/on

farewell, adyo.

farm, meyen.

farm, koduton.

farmer, fele\, meyel.

farmhouse, meyen.

fannost, fagikiino.

farther, fdlol

farthest, fagikuno.

fescinate, hemagilgon.

fascinating, }3emagiigik.

fascination, bemagK^.

feshion, fom, molad, klotamorf.

fashionable, inola^ik.

fashionableness, violadoi.

fast, eun, cuntktim.

fast, cu non.

fast, ^roik, vi/ik, /'ovik.

fasten, Jimon.

fastener, /iniel.

fastening, fo'iam.

faster, cunel.

fastly, foviko.

fastness, vif.

fastuous, pleidik.

fat, pin.

fat, pirak.

fatal, fdtik.

fatalism, fatal.

fatalist, /diel

fatality, faioi, fdfaX

fatally, fdto.

fatalness, fdtoi.

fate, fat.

father, fat.

father-in-law, lu/a/.

fatigue, fen.

fatigue, /enon

fatness, pim\.

fatten, pinon.

fattened, pepinol, ^i'nik.

fattener, pinel.

fattening, pinam.

fattish, pz'nlik.

fattj", ^mlik.

fatuous, /opik.

feiult, pok, def.

faultfinder, blamel, lufe)-«<el.

fanltfol, poHk.

faultiness, defdi

faultless, ne/joHk.

favour, gon.

favour, g'dnaa.

favourable, ^'onik.

favourableness, ^onof.

favourably, ^onlik.

favoured, pei^onol.

favourer, g'dnA.

favouring, ^onik.

fear, died, filed.

fear, dledon, Jilodon.

fearful, dledik, jekik.

282

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

fearfully, jelaiko.
fearfulness, yeHkof.
-feasibility, rifuralof.
feasible, (Zunlik.
feast, liged, linkip.
feast, linhipon, zalon.
feather, penW..
feathered, pemk.
feature, logoA..
February, febul.
fecund, flulak, /erik.
fee, Itgivoi.
feeble, _yi6ik.
feeble-mindedness, /?6al.
feebleness, fib.
feebly, /iJiko.
feed, zib.

feed, zihon fldon, lun«M8n.
feeder, zibA.
feeding, xiJam, miUidxax.
feel, senon.
feel, sen, fek, /efam.
feeler, senel. ^.
feeling, sen, fek, feksiiva..
feign, simul'on,
feigner, simulel.
feining, simulit.
feint, (?o6ik.
felicitate, labik.
felicitate, Idhon, helab'on., beno-

vip'dn.
felicitation, benovi^jani.
felicitous, lahik.
felicitousl}', Icibo.
felicitousness, Idbot.
felicity, \eldh
fell, skun, skin,
fellow, kopanel.
fellow . . . . , ke . . . .
fellow-citizen, kesi/el.
fellow- creature, kemen.
fellow-man, 'kemen.
fellowship, kamad.

felly, le/efciko.

felon, Jadugik.

felonious, ftarfugik. ,

feloniously, ftrratugiko.

feloniousness, badng.

felonous, Saatugik.

female, vomik.

feminacy, vomoi, tmmoiaX, ji-

manoi.
feminality, vomof, ji-manof.
femineity, vom'oi, uomofal, ji-

manoi.
feminine, /i7ik.
fence, budum, jiil, bud.
fence, jul'dn, fegon.
fenced, Jiilik, budik.
fencer, fegel
ferment, femm.
fermentation, fern,
ferocious, le;'efcik, foetik.
ferociously, lejekiko.
ferociousness, lejekikbt.
ferocity, foetHi.
fertile, flukik, fetik.
fertilely, fetiko.
fertileness, fet.
fertility, fet.
fertilization, feta.ra.
fertilize, feibn, flukon.
fervent, 'irik, zilik, ztmik.
fervently, 'I'riko, zuno.
ferventness, '^it&i, zilal.
fervid, Htik, zilik, zwnik.
fervidly, zuno, ^itiko.
fervidness, zunSl, zilsA.
fervovir, 'it, zil, zun.
festal, zdlik, yofik.
festival, zal.
festive, zalik.

festivity, zdlal, gdlaX, yof^l,
fetch, Aeblinon,
fetch, kaf.
fetcher, de5Zmel,

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

28.-)

fever, fif,
feverish, /i/'ik.
feverishness, fifoi.
feverous, fifik
few, nemodik, ans,
fewness, nembd.
fib, neveladil.
fib, neveladon.
fibber, neveladel.
fibrous, stiinik,
fickle, nelevelik, votlik.
fickleness, nelevelot.
fiddle, violin,
fiddle, violinon.
fiddler, violinel,
fiddling, violina,m..
fidelity, fied.
fie! fi!
field, fel.
fiend, lene^en.
fiendish, 'olik, develiV.
fierce, meko&k, Jilik.
fiercely, mekbio.
fierceness, mekoi.
fieriness, filal.
fiery, filH, zunik.
fifteen, halselul.
fifteenth, balsefe&d.
fifth, ZaZid.
fifthly, luMo.
fiftieth, lulsid.
fifty, luls

fig> fig-
fight, Bvasipuff, ara&komip.
fight, komipon, flapoii.
fighter, flapel
fighting, flapen.
fig-tree, jfigabim.
figural, f^gik..
figuration, fom.
figurative, fiigik.
figure, fiig, fom.
figure, fiiffon.

file, rap

file, rcipiyn.

filer, rdpA.

filial, ciftk.

filially, ciViko.

filiation, czYiig, cil&A..

filings, rdpot.

fill, fulbn.

filler, fulA.

filter, sul.

filth, miot.

filthily, mjoriko, s^enikc.

filthy, miohk, stemk.

filtrate, sulbn.

filtration, suZam.

final, ^reik.

finallj', Idto, latikmw, Inhko.

finance, finanZN.

finances, finan.

financial, ^nareik.

financialist, /nanavel.

financier, ^nanavel,

find, tuvbn..

finder, totiel.

finding, tuv.

fine, pon.

fine, feimk, klilak,

finely, feimko.

fineness, fein, feiiiiX.

finer, ^iinel.

finery, magifea.

finger, fined,

fingered, Jinedik,

finish, Jinon.

finished, ^nik.

finisher, ^nel.

finishing, ^reik.

fir, fir.

fire, fll, filed.

fire, _^/on, /on'on.

fire-brick, JHnston.

fire-engine, Jlla.cin.

fireman, fonel.

284

eilAMMA.ll 01' VOLAPUK.

firer, filel,

firing, /cinam, Siaioad.

firm, fiam.

firm, fimih.

firm, Jimon.

firmly, fimiko.

firmness, fim

first, haliA, /oik.

firstly, baliAo.

fir-tree-fir.

fish, fit,

fish, fiton.

fished, fitik.

fisher, fitel.

fisherman, fitel (in astronomy :)

aifii.
fishery, fiten.
fishing, flts,m.. fiten.
fishwife, ji- fitel, oi- fitel.
fishwoman, ji-/tel, of-^<el.
fishy, fitils..
fist, pun.

fit, gebik, potik., fdgHk.
fit, ^oion.

fitfulness, geh, pot, fag, skil.
fitly; gebo, poto, fago.
fitness, pot
fitter, plepadel.
fi.ve, lul.
fivefold, lulik.
fix, _^mon, Zonon, notedQn,
fixahle, fimils., fiirmk,
fixation, fim.
fixed, fimik, fiirmk,
fixedness, fim.
fixity, fim.
flag, stan, lestdn.
flag, fib'dn.
flaggy, /6ik, /enik.
flagrance, 'it; leglobail.
flagrancy, 'it, leglohaH.
flagrant, ne;«mik, 'itik.
flagrantly, nejemiko.

flame, flam,
flame, flam'6n.
flammeous, ^amik.
flank, flan,
flannel, iamin.
flap, flap, flab,
flare, nidon
flash, stal.
flash, stalUm, nidon
flat, kam, plen.
flat, A;amik, plenik-
flatly, plemko.
flatness, kam, plen.
flatten, kamon, pZenon,
flatter, fcamel, plenei.
flatter, luZofcon.
flatterer, luZoftel
flattering, luZo&ik.
flatteringly, luZoMko.
flattery, luZo&.
flattish, plerAik.
flavour, uap5n.
flavourous, vapHk.
flax, flag,
flaxy, flagik
flea, flib
flee, fug on
fleer, fugel
fleet, fovik.
fleetly, foviko.
fleetness, vif
Fleming, Flanan
Flemish, fiandmk.
flesh, mid, mit
fleshly, midaMk.
fleshy, midiV., marik.
flexibility, flegof-
flexible, ^e^ik. fliiJak.
flexibleness, flegbi.
flexion, Jiaka,m.
flexure, bob.
flier, ftigel.
flight, fug, kuv, tlup.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

'285

fling, jed.

fling, jed'on, Jiapon.
flinger, iedel.
flirt, luZofton.
flirt, lufoftel.
flirtation, lu/oft.
flirting, Inlob.
flit, fug^u.

flittermouse, flitamujr.
float, nehdn, fumia.
floater, fluminel.
flock, tlup, jep.
flock, konleton.
flog, Jiapon.
flood, nebdn, flum.
flood, tui'a^on.
floor, glvtn.
floor, ^Zunon.
flooring, glunam.
floral, flolik.
floret, folil.
florid,, fedik.
flour, meil.
flourish, floloTi.
flow, tmndan.
flow, flumon.
flower, flol, Jlolei.
flower, flolovL.
flowerage, floleva..
floweret, j^o/il.
fluency, flumaX.
fluent, _^«wialik.
fluid, /umlik.
fluidity, Aumoi.
fluidize, lumaa.
fluidness, Jinmbi.
flush, karmk..
flush, neze.«Mdik.
fluster, txispidsmi.
flute, flut, feif.
flute, flvtoji, /ez/on.
fluter, Jlutel.
flutist, fvtel.

flux, rur.

fly, flitaS.

fly, flilSji, fugbn.

flyer, jugel.

flying, flitik, veKk.

foal, sraajeval.

foam, skom.

foam, sfcojnon.

foaming, stomik.

fob, fuf.

fob, cuion.

fodder, hinulud.

fodder, lunuterfSn.

fodderer, lunuterfel.

foe, ne/Zen.-

fog, fog.

fogginess, fogbi.

foggy, fogik.

foible, flb.

foil, vikodbn.

foiler, vikodA.

foin, jok

foin, jokbn.

fold, plif, jep.

fold, plifbn.

folder, plif A.

folding, plif.

foliage, 6Mem, iad.

folk, pop.

follow, suton, seton, zitbTi, pa-

kludbTi..
follower, zfipel, s«iel.
folly, stup.
foment, stigbn.
fomenter, stigA.
fond, bei«ifcalik, leio/ik, leteeftk.
fond, leZo/on.
fondness, letorf.
food, zib.
fool, fop.
fool, /bpik.
fool, /bpon.
foolery, /open, cog.

28t)

GRAMMAR 01' VOLAPuK.

foolisli, ybpik.

foolishly, fopliko.

foolishness, /open.

foot, ftit-

foot, futeloji.

foot, ffit

footprint, fata,mdk.

footstep, step.

footway, futela^veg.

fop, fop.

foppery, magifen, fopen.

foppish, fopik.

foppishly, jfo^iko.

foppishness, fopen.

for, a, dem, bi, al,3fi,plo,ple,fo.

forbear, oiton, ston'oii.

forbearance, vit, wiiam, suf&l.

forbearer, vitel, stonel.

forbearing, vitik, su/'alik.

forbearingly, viiiko.

forbid, neleton.

forbidding, neleiaxa.

force, nam, mekHiA.,

force, mefcadbn.

forceful, \egletik.

fercer, mefcadel.

forcible, namik.

forcibleness, ndmoi.

forcibly, namiko.

ford, dngonon.

fordable, Augonik.

fordableness, dngon'oi.

fore, pe.

forebode, plofetcna.

forebodement, plofetara.

foreboder, plofetel.

foreboding, plo/'etik.

forecast, kaut.

forefinger, jona^raed.

foreign, seZanik, fogimk.

foreigner, se/anel.

foreignness, foginbi.

foreman, \wcif.

forenoon, bixendel.

foresay, pl'dfeton.

forest, fot.

forest, foton.

foretell, pldfeiUn.

foreteller, plofetel.

forfeit, pan.

forfeiture, pan

forge, ZeZOn, dobon.

forger, dohel.

forger}', dob&ra.

forget, f'dgetbn,

forgetful, fSgetik.

forgetfulness, fbgetoi.

forging, dobumik.

forgive, iegivon, {dgivon.

forgiver, fe^a'wel, fo^rroel.

forgiveness, iegio, iogiv.

fork, fok.

forlorn, peteyol, demk.

form, fom, f6m.

form, /omon, magiin.

formal, /omlik.

formality, /omlof.

formalize, /omon.

formally, /omliko

formation, ^omam.

former, fomel, hi/'ik, elsik biifik,

vonik,
formerly, vono, uoniko, elso.
formidable, jekik.
formidableness, /eHk5f.
formidably, yefciko.
formula, fomiXl.
forsake, Zwon.
forsaken, peKubl.
forsooth, vo ! v6 ! velatiko !
forsv^ear, fenesjon.
forsvfearer, fenestel.
forte-piano ; pianofoA.
forth, mofo, fSi.
fortieth, folsid.
fortifiable, Jhnik,

GBAMMAlt OF VOLAPUK.

287

fortification,^mam. Tostenudaxa.

fortifier, fimel.

fortify, JimQn, valiidon

fortitude, kin, lanim, nam

fortress, Jimodi..

fortuitous, zjftk.

fortuitously, zidko.

fortunate, labih.

fortunately, Idbo.

fortune, lab.

fortune, Idboa, zitbn.

forty, fols.

forward, fSdm, bi'mon, gonon,

lUsedHn.
forward, zifik, fovik.
forward, hived, foi.
forwarder, fodel, ftoreel, ^onel.
forwarding, liiserfam.
forwardness, fovng.
forwards, hivedol /oyo!
fosterer, nuliidel.
foul, stenik, miotik, ciitlik.
foul, steniin, mioton,
foul, stenoi.

foully, s^eniko, miodko.
found, stabon, /iinSn.
fovmd, g if on.

foundation, fiin, stab, stabm.
founder, gife\, stabel, fiinel.
foundery, gifen.
foundling, tuvsib.
fountain, fon, _/'onad.
four, fol.
fourfold, folik.
fourteen, haisefol.
fourteenth, balse/oKd.
fourth, folid.
fourthly, foliio.
fourthpart, iddil.
fowl, bodem.
fowler, bodel-
fowling, bod&ra.
fox, foxaf.

foxlike, foxaf\k..
foxy, \vivisedik, kdfik.
fraction, dilareum
fractional, dilant«?sik.
fractious, dikodi^, zanik.
fractiously, zano, dikodo.
fractionsness, zanoi.
fracture, blek.
fracture, blekon.
fragile , bleldik,
fragility, blekoi.
fragment, dil.
fragrance, vdpoi.
fragrant, uapik.
frail, blelak, uanik.
frame, fom, flem.
frame, /?em6n, fomon.
framed, ^emik.
framing, flemaxa.
frank, libik.
France, Flent.
frantic, nesj'aOTik.
fraternal, blodik.
fraternally, blodiko.
fraternity, blodloi.
fraternization, blod&va.
fraternize, blodon.
fraternizer, Model.
fraud, ciit
fraudful, ciidk.
fraudulence, ciit.
fraudulent, ctidk.
free, libik, livik.
free, libon.

freedom, liv, livum, lib.
freely, libo, livo,
freeness, lib, libauzV.
freezable, flodk.
freeze, flodon, floton.
freezing-point, flota-piin.
freight, fled,
freighter, fledel.
French, Jlendk,

288

GBAMMAU OF VOLAPUK.

Frenchify, flenton.
Frequence, denu&m.
frequency, denu&ia..
frequent, rfemdik, alaipik,
amik.

frenquently, ofen, inoda.&.

fresh, flifTk.

freshen, fiifon.

fresly, flifo.

freshness, flif.

fret, fem.

fretful, lezMnik.

Friday, flirfeZ.

friend, flen.

friendliness, fieivsl.

friendly, /?emk.

friendship, flermg.

frigate, fligat.

fright, jek.

frighten, jekm, de^ZepSn.

frightful, /eAik.

frightfully, /eHko.

frightfulness, jekoi.

friged, TcalodTi..

frigidity, TcalodsX, kalod.

frigidly, kalodi\o.

frigidness, kalod, kalod?\.

friskal, bun.
friskful, yof'A
friskiness, yof.
frisky, yofo.
frivolity, /ezVal.
frivolous, ZetValik.
frivolously, Zgz'^aliko.
frivolousness, leitM..
frizzle, 'eZelBn.
frizzier, 'eZel.
fro, ge.
frock, gun.
frolic, lenep«MC?ik.
frolicsome, lenepeuiiik.
frolicsomeness, lenepuerfug.
from, se, de, sis.

front, fo.

frontier, mied.

frost, flod.

frostily, flodiko.

frosty, flo^Jik.

froth, skom.

ft'othy, skornXk..

frounce, pli/on.

frowardness, ziidal.

ft'ozen, ^orik.

fructuous, /etik, /lukik.

frugal, kauiik, mafik.

frugality, ma/ot.

fruit, fluk;

fruterer, flukenel.

fruitery, fluken.

ft-uitful, flukik.

fruitfully, fluko.

fruitfullness, fet.

fruition, juit.

fruitlessness, r\e/et, -neflnkot^

fruit-tree,- fluka&im.

frustrate, vanon, citiin.

frustration, c«i!am.

ft-y, jep, tlup, kiim.

fry, loet'dn..
fuel, filasio/.
fugacious, Taelevelik.
fugaciousness, vif.
fugacity, vif.
fugitive, /uc/el.
fulfil, le/uZon, diunon.
fulflUer, le/i«el, dmnel.
fulfilment, le/wZam, duin, duin^

am.
full, frdik.
fully, lefulo.
fulminant, tikol.
fulminate, t'dton.
fulminating, totik.
fulmination, tdta,m..
fulness, ful.
fulsome, naudik.

GRAMMAW OF VOLAPtlK.

289

Msomely, naudiko.
fiilsomeness, naudot.
fame, stom, w>.t.
fan, bof, drol, cog.
fanction, cal.
functional, calik.
functionally, cafiko.
fanctionary, calel.
fnndament, stab, stabin.
fundamental, siaiik.
funeral, sepanu.
funnel, cim.
fhnnily, 60/0.
fanny, cogiik, 60/ik.
far, plad.
furious, vutJk.
furiously, vuto, jmriko.
fariousness, vutof.
furnace, fon.
furnish, mobon.
furnished, mo6ik.

furnisher, moiel.
furniture, mohs.
furrow, felad.
furrow, feladoji.
farrowed, feladik.
furry, vieKk.
farther, fcllo.
fuj-ther, fodon.
furtherance, fod, /dda.ui.
furtherer, fbdel.
fiirthest, fagikiiii.
fury, vut, tikai.
fuse, gi/en, smeton.
fusible, smetik.
fvisil, smerik.
fusion, smetajn.
fuss, hoset
future, fiiden.
future, ftidik, wonik.
futurity, fiiden.
fy! fi!

G.

gab, \apukaa..
gabble, lupjiifcot, hipuken.
gabble, Xxxpiikon.
gabbler, \apukA.
gabbling, lupaiik,
gad, stip.
gadder, glibe\.
gage, pan.
gager, panA.
gain, vob, pofiid.
gain, po/adon, d3.geton.
gain, «o6on, melitSn
gainable, po/iidik:.
gained, pepo/Brfol.
gainer, vobel, pdfiidel,
gainful, pd/iidik.
gainfully, pofiidiko.
gainfalness, pofiidoi.

gaining, po/iidik.
gainsay, ta,piik6n.
gainsayer, tupukel.
gainsaying, tapa'Hk.
gairish, t/of ik.
gairiskness, gal&l, yofSl.
gait, gol, ^oZab.
galacy, galaxiit.
gale, vienH.
Galician, galizamk.
gall, bilod.
gall, badug.

gallant, 6a/6lik, galanik.
gallantly, ^ratoniko.
gallery, galif.
galvanic, galvanik.
galvanism, galvanim.
galvanist, galvanel.

19

290

eRA-MMAB OP VOLAPUK.

galvanize, galvanon.
galvanized, galvamk.
gamble, lupWon.
gambler, lupWel.
gambling, lupleden.
game, foet,
gaming, foetol.
gander, gan.
gang, goldn
gaol, fantib.
gaol, faniih'on.
gaoler, faniibA.
gap, gap.

gape, manifon mud.
gaper, luZo^el.
gaping, gap.
garb, klodnA.
garden, gad.
garden, gadon.
gardener, gadel.
gardening, gaden.
gargle, gugiin.
garment, klod&i.
garmented, klodih.
garnish, dek.
gas, gasin.
gaseous, gasirak.
gash, kot.^
,gasp, hmatemon.
gasping, hmatemol.
gassy, jrastnik.
gate, leydja.

gather, lasamon, konleton.
gatherer, lasamel, honletA.
gathering, lasam, konlet.
gaud, dek.
gay, yofi\.
gayety, yof.
gayly, yofo.
gayness, yof.
gaze, lufo^on.
gazing, luio^ik,
gear, klotsA. plem.

gem, nobasion.
gender, gen.
gender, piilon, faton.
general, waEkodik.
general, genal.
generality, uatem.
generalize, waZon.
generalizing, valoi.
generally, kosbmo.
generalness, valem..
generate, mofaton, mopaZon.
generation, gen, mo/aiam.
generator, /a/an.
generosity, noJal, givot
generous, no&ik, givofik.
generously, «o6iko, givoio.
generousness, «o6al, givoi.
genial, gemk, nadk.
genteel, plid\k, plUvs., pliitik.
genteelly, plitiko, pluto.
genteelness, pliMi, plut.
gentility, plut
gentle, pud\k.
gentleman, sol, laonel.
gentlemanlike, soZik.
gentlemanliness, pliit.
gentlemanship, pliit.
gentleness, sof, mol.
gentlewoman, ji-ftaonel.
gently, moliV, sofik, dusik.
gentry, pliit, baon.
genuine, kaniidik.
genuinely, kanudiko.
genuineness, kaniid.
geographer, to/edel.
geographic, taleiik.
greography, taleA.
geology, tala,Y.
geometric, geometik.
geometrically, geometiko, maf-

avik.
geometrician, geometel, ma/avel.
geometry, geomet, ma/av.

GRAMMAR OF Y0I.4.PUK.

2f>l

German, deutel.
Germanik, deutik..
Germany, Deut.
gesticulate, lepon.
gesticulation, Zepen.
gesticulator, lepel.
get, geion, Aa,get6n.
get up; sustonon.
ghost, tikal, Vatikai.
ghostly, ft"fcalnik.
giant, gian.
giantess, ot-gian.
giantlike, giamk.
giantship, gianoi.
giddiness, TielevelQf.
giddy, nelevelik.
gift, giv.
gigantic, ^lanik.
gigantically, giano.
gild, golildcm., golinon.
gilded, yiegolinol.
gilder, golinel.
gilding, goUna,ra. ■
gipsy, cipsel.
gird, zon.
gird, sonon.
girdle, zon.
girdle, zonbn.
girl, vomvl, oi-pul.
girlish, of-puKk.
girlishly, of-puHko.
give, givon.
given, pegizwol.
giver, giv&i.
giving, givam.
glacial, fiotik.
glacious, gladiik.
glad, ^aZik.
gladden, galon.
gladdened, pe^rdWl.
gladly, vilik.
gladnes, gal.
glance, nid.

glare, stalm.

glass, glat

glass, gldtik.

glasshouse, glatasmeien.

glassy, gldtik

glazier, gldtel.

gleam, stal, nidara..

gleam, nirfon.

gleamy, stalik, nidih.

glee, yof.

gleeful, yofik.

glimpse, hilit, lunid.

glister, nid.

globe, glop.

gloom, daeg, dag, glumkl.

gloomily, jZumaliko.

gloominess, glumal.

gloomy, ^Zumalik, dagik.

glorification, glola,va.

glorified, -peglolol.

glorify, glolon.

glorious, ^ZoZik.

gloriously, gloliko, glolo.

gloriousness, glol.

glory, glol, fam, ZoJiin.

glory, famon.

gloss, nid.

glove, namaZe^.

glow, glut.

glo"W, gluton.

glue, glud.

glue, gludon.

gluish, gludik

glutton, \ufid

gluttonize, hijidbn.

gluttony, lu_^rfdf.

go, goVoTi.

goat, golad.

goatish, goladik.

goatishly, goladiko.

goatishness, goladsil, hoadSl.

gobble, lufidon.

gobbler. Infidel, monalan.

292

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

God, God.

goer', ^otel.

going, (/oZik, goloX.

gold,' golud (chem:) golin.

golden, golwdHk..

goods, can.

good, jr,udik.

good-bye, adyo !

goodliness; gudxA..

goodly, gudSka.

goodness, gud.

goose, gan.

gooseberry, stigajfi/.

gorge, gug.

gorge, lu^iion.

gorgeous, ^Zoilik, magifHk, volad-

ik, fcosrik.
gorgeously, gloKko, magifo.
gorgeousness, magif.
gospel, gospel,
gospeller, gospelel. '
gossip, lupukot.
gossip, lujowfcon.
gossiper, lupiifcel.
gossiping, lupflfcam.
gout, gig.
gouty, ^i^rik.
govern, 'govQa, regtin.
governable, r-«^ik.
government, gov.
governor, 5'ouel.
grab, kipoji, gleipon.
grace, ben, gon, plittii.
grace, rfe^on, 6o«6n, gonon.
graceful, pliii^, plidik.
gracefully, plito
gracefulness, pliddi.
gracious, Jenik, ^tinik.
graciously, Jeno, gbnii.
graciousness, g5n, ben, plidbi.
grade, luen, dinit.
gradual, sZepnik.
gradually, siepniko.

graduate, luenbn.
graduation, /Sdam,, liiensim.,-
.OTnamam,

graft, tuigon.

grafter, tuigel.

grafting, tmga,Txi.

grain, glem.

grammar, glamat,

graijnmarian, glamatel.

grammatic, glamatik.

grammatically, glamatiko.

grand, gleAk.

grand-daugbter, of-luson : ji-

luson.
grandeur, glet, magif.
grand-father, fatel, (mother's,,

father:) motel.
grand-mother, ^i-/atel.
grandness, glet.
grandson, nekel, sorelil, luson.
granite, dw fasten,
grant, dal.
grant, dalon.
grape, lieb.
grasp, gleip. '

, grasp, gleipon.
grass, yeb.
grassy, yeiik..
grate, blemon, nofon.
grateful, damk.
gratefully, dano.
gratefulness, danoi.
gratification, ^aZodam, \xizsed,

giv, mesecZam.
gratiiy, gUlon, Taesedbn.
gratis, glatik, (ad :) glato.
gratuity, le^iu.
gratulate, benouzpon.
gratulation, benouijpam.
grave, sep.
grave, cddik, /e/ik.
grave, sep5n, gav'6n.
gravel, glav.

GRAMMAB or VOLAPUK.

gravencs*. fef.

gravitr. vet, vetapun.

grar. gedik, zeuiUko&k

grarish. luy«fik, zenaJt'oftb.

graTiiesi, gel, zenaJcoh

graze, lialadan.

grazier, haladel-

grease, smiT, pin

grease, snuoon.

greaseness. stenof.

greasT. smir'ik. pirdk. mioOk.

great, gledk.

greatly, remo. gkSko

greatness, glet.

Greece, G^lik.

greedily, inotialiko.

greediness, monal.

greedy, njonalik.

Greek, glikel.

Greek, gWak.

green, glurak.

greenish, ^ZunUk. la^2nnik

greenness, glun.

greens, teb.

greet., glidoTi.

greeting, glid.

grief, glif.

grieffiol, gli/ik.

grieTance, nof, glif.

grieve, glifoa., do/on, ^i«»i6n.

grievons. doSk., gbamk.

grievously, doGko.

grievonsness, glif of.

grinder, \etut.

gripe, gleit

gripe, gleipon.

groan, 'ag.

groan, 'agon.

grocer, tedan, letefel.

grocery, leiedasD.

groom, jeixUaji,

groove, seb.

grope, lusenon-

gross, glabik.

grossly, ^fo&iko.

grossness, glob.

grotesque, seletBk.

grotesqueness, seled.

ground, glun.

ground, sialon.

group, glnp.

group, glupon.

grove, lal, fotiL

grow, glofon.

grower, glofel.

growing, glofik.

growth, glofam.

grudge, 'et, lesun

grudge, 'efon.

grudger, 'efel, 'agel.

grumble, siu^gon.,

guarantee, garauif.

guaranty, ^oranon.

guard, galeva, j'epaxa..

guard, j'epoD. jelon.

guardian, tHiei.

guardianship, tiief.

guess, rat.

gue^ rffton

guest, lot.

guidance, duhoi.

guide, dufcel.

guide, (iutodon. duiSn, diigon.

guile, cut.

gnilefnl, ciDk.

guilefully, cito.

guilefolnes, ciHof,

guilt, deb.

guilty, debik.

guise, mod.

gnlt, \edib, gof.

gnlfy, lerfjftik.

gull, cut. trof.

gulp, lu<Hmou.

gum, gum.

gum, bunion

294

GEAMMAB OP YOLAPUK.

gummy, gumi)s..
gun, giin.
gunner, kdnel,
gunnery, kdnav.
gunpowder, pur.
gusb, seiometQn.
gusty, tepiV.

ha! a!

habit, kosom, siidoi.

habit, Iddon.

habitable, ld(&.

habitableness, lodoi.

habitance, 15d,

habitant, lodel.

habitation, lod.

habitual, kosomik..

habitually, kosomo.

habitualness, kosomoi.

habituate, kosdmdTO..

habituation, kosomam.

habitude, kSsSm.

hack, cop.

hag, oi-magiigel.

haggard, 'etlik, nepmik,

haggardly, 'etliko.

hail, jod.

hail! san, san5!

hail, jodon.

haily, /odik.

hair, 'el.

hairbrush, 'elafce/.

hairlike, 'eZlik,

hairy, 'efik.

half, laf, ielAil.

half, lafik.

hall, yal, \ecem, cam.

halloo! lu!

hallow, sanuk5n, kosekHn.

halt, stop.

halt, stopoTo..

guzzle, ^fcopon.
guzzler, kopel.
gymnasium, 'ka^^nasi'id.
gymnast, turel.
gymnastic, tur.
gyration, zilekag.

H.

halter, s^opel.
halve, lafoji.
ham, lam.
hamlet, pagil.
hammer, fog.
hammer, fogon.
hammering, fogik.
hammerman, fogel.
hamper, lehdset.
hand, nam.
hand, nams, . . .
handed, raamik.
handkerchief, nudoi.
haiidle, 'uk.
handle, namon.
handsome, yunnk, plUtik.
handsomely, pliito, pUdo.
handsomeness, yumoi, pliit.
handy, namik.
hang, lagcrn., lagon.
hanger, lagel.
haply, zidik.

happen, jenon, zidon, ziion.
happily, Idbo.
happiness, lab-
happy, Za6ik.
harangue, lenpiik.
harangue, lenpiikon.
harbour, pof.
harbour, labolon, po/onJ
hard, dil/ik. dii . . . .
harden dilfan.
hardener, rf«/el.

GRAJIMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

295

hardening, diif.
hardness, diif.
hardship, fiknl, tob.
hardy, dafo, kirak.
hare, liev.

harehound, lievadog.
harehunter, lievaua^'el.
harehunting, lievaj/ag'.
hark, lii!
harm, dam, lied,
harm, dambn.
harmful, damik, lie£k.
harmfully, damSs.0.
harmfolness, ddmoi-
harmonious, benoionik.
harmonium, 'amoniim.
harmony, benoron.
harmonize, benofonon.
harness, kurad.
hamesser, MradA.
harp, 'ap.
harp, 'apon.
harper, 'apel.
harsh, luedik.. le;efcik.
harshly, liiediko, globiko.
harshness, liied, glob,
harvest, klop.
harvest, klopoTi.
harvest-time, klopaii'm.
haste, spid.
hasten, spidon.
hastener, spideh
haster, spidel.
hastely, spido.
hastiness, spidoi, vif.
hasty, spidik.
hat, '^at.
hatch, 'ak, kuv.
hatchel, dkSn, Memon.
hatcheler, 'aiel, bkm&l.
hate, 'et.
hate, '^eton.
hateful, 'erik.

hatefully, 'eiiko.
hatefulness, 'etoi.
hater, 'etel.
hatred, ^et.
hattor, 'dtel.
haughtily, pleidko.
haughtiness, pleit.
haughty, plei&.
haunt, holadon.
haunter, ioladel.
have, lahon.
haver, ZaJel.
havock, distuk.
havock, distukbn.
hawk, faon.
hawk, fdonon.
hay, sigay«6.
hazard, veniid.
hazardous, veniidik.
hazel, mog.
hazel-tree, mog.
he, om.
head, kap, cif.
head, dugon, kapon.
headache, kapac^oZ.
headdress, 'eZat.
header, A-apel.
headlong, kapo.
headstrong, todalik.
heady, kapik..
heal, sanon.
healer, sanel.
healing, san&w..
health, saun.
healthful, saunik.
healthfully, sauniko.
healthfulness, saun.
healthily, saunMko.
healthy, saunik.
heap, kum.
heap, kumon.
hear, lilon, lelilon.
hearer, lileh

296

BBAMMAR OF VOLAPuK .

hearing, lilol.

heart, lad; ker.

hearted, ladik.

heartedness, lad&i.

hearth, filato/).

heartily, ladiko.

heartiness, laaal,

hearty, ladik.

heat, 'it.

heat, 'zV8n

heater, 'itel.

heath, lufel.

heathen, cipsel. pagA.

heathendom, pag.

heathenish, pagik.

heathenishly, pag&o.

heathenishness, pagoi.

heathenism, ^a^al.

heathenize, pagon.

heathy, lu/eZik.

heave, sutouon.

heaven, siil, sil.

heavenly, siiliko.

heaver, su^oi-el.

heavily, weriko.

heaviness, vet.

heavy, vetik.

hehrew, 'eSik.

hector, lu^Zoton.

hedge, bud.

hedge, budon.

hedger, iudel.

heed, jepon.

heed, _;epam.

heedful,' kautik.

heedfuUy, kautiko.

heedfulness, kaut.

heel, taon.

height, geilug.

heighten, geil&a., modon.

heightening, geflam, modaxa..

heinous, tadik.

heinously, hadiko.

heinousness, badng.

heir, gelHtel.

heir, geluton.

heiress, ^i-gelute\ ; oi-gelutei.

hell, '81.

hellish, 'olik.

hellishly, 'ofiko.

hellishness, 'oiof.

help! yuf6\ yu!

help, yuf.

help, yuf on.

helper, yufA.

helpfal, ^«/ik.

helpfulness, yufoi.

helpless, Tx&yuftk. '

hem, sim.

hem, simon.

hemmed, simik.

hemp, Jan.

hempen, jamk.

hen, 2^-goh.

hence, de, sis.

henceforth, fovo.

henceforward, fovo.

heptagon, ^A&gul.

her, o/ik, o/a, o/e, o/i.

herb, keb, yeb.

herbal, yebik.

herbalism, yeb&Y.

herbalist, yeSavel.

herd, jep.

here, ies, is, isit, iso.

hereby, aJoso.

hereditary, rmledHk.

herein, ms,

hereon, tano.

heritage, geliit.

hermit, soatel.

hermitage, soaZam.

hermitess, ji-soaZel, of-soatel.

hermitical, soatelik.

hero, jamep.

heroic, jamepVe..

GKAMMAR OF VOLAPilK.

2!«7

heroically, jamepiko.

heroine, ^i-jamep, oi-jamep.

heroism, kiml, j'amepal.

heroship, jamepug.

herring-run.

hers, o/a, o/ik.

herself, o/bt.

hesitate, zogon.

hesitation, zog.

hew, copon.

hewed, copik.

hexagon, mala^uZ.

hey ! yo I

hide, skin, skun.

hide, kldndion.

hiding, kldnofstva.

high, geilik.

highland, ldpa,n, lofSilaned.

highlander, Idpdnel.

highly, le»enio, vemo.

highness, ffeilng.

hilarous, ^a7ik, yofik.

hilarity, ^aZal, yof.

hill, sma,bel.

hillock, smafeeiil.

hilliness, smafteZof.

hilly, smaieZik.

him, ome; omi.

himself, iet.

hind, ji-stag.

hinder, ueleton.

hinderance, nefetam, nelet.

hinge, 'uk.

hinged, -uHk.

hint, vineg.

hint, vinegon, sinifon.

hip! "^o!

hip, leun.

hire, kodnt.

hire, kodutbn.

hirer, kodutel.

his, ofnik, oma.

historic, jerak.

historically, j'eno.

history, jen.

hither, ali, isi.

hitherto, juna

hitherward, ali, iesved.

hive, hi&aadom.

ho , "^o.

hoar, gedik.

hoarfrost, frod.

hoarse, nokebatedik.

hoarsely, nokebaZaHko.

hoarseness, -nokebaJiid.

hobble, lu^onon, lu^oZiin.

hog, svin.

hoggish, smnik.

hoist, snzugon.

hold, kipon, folon.

holder, kipel.

hole, 'og.

holily, saniko

holiness, sanal.

Holland, Nedan.

hollow, ninocog'.

hollow, ninoBO^k.

hollowness, ninowo^al, nino-

vagng.
holy, sanik.
home, lom, dom.
home, domo.
homeh', dormk, globik.
honest, snaak, puedik.
honestly, snatMk.
honesty, snat, pued.
honey, miel.
honour, stim, giimadig.
honour, stimon, \estimon.
honourable, stiimik.
honourableness, lesft'm, snat,

stimadig.
honourably, le/amiko.
honourer, stimel, leatimel.
honouring, lesft'mol.
hoof, jeya.la.fut.

298

GllAMMAU OV VOLAPUK.

hook, 'uk, nug.

hook, nugon.

hoop, tiihibtan.

hoop, tiiboTO..

hooper, tubel.

hop, 'op.

hope, spel.

hope, spelon.

hopeful, spelik.

ho|)efully, spelo.

hopefulness, speloi.

hopeless, nespelik.

hopelessness, nespeloi.

hoper, spelel.

hopper, 'opel.

horizon, 'orit.

horizontal, 'on'rik.

horizontality, 'orita,i.

horizontally, 'onriko.

horn, "^on, 'on.

homer, '^iinel.

hornish, 'onlik.

horny, '^onik.

horrible, Jekik.

horribleness, jehoi.

horribly, j'eho.

horrid, /eHk.

horridly, jeho, jeldVo

horridness, jehoi.

horrify, jehdn.

horror, jek.

horse, jeval.

horseman, jevalA, monitel.

hose, stog.

hospitable, lotik.'

hospitably, lotiko.

hospital, maladop.

hospitality, lotSbA.

host, lotel.

hostress, ji-ZoZel; of-Zo«el.

hostile, naudik.

hostilely, naudiko.

hostility, naud.

hostler, jevalaja..
hot, 'irik.
hotel, toed,
hotly, 'zriko.

hotness, 'z/pf, mekoi, ^i&\.
hotspnrred, le/opik.
hough, slief'ati.
hound, ja,gii.dog.
hour, diip.
hourly, diipiko.
house, dom.
household, doraakip
householder, domafcpel.
housekeeper, domafcipel.
housekeeping, domafojoam.
houseless, necfomik.
hover, aeSon.
how, dso ; asliko ; lio ?
however, ab
how ever, ajlik.
how-far? kibid.
howl, hidlen'&a.
howling, ludlen.
hubbub, Jco/udaxa, boset.
huddle, kofud.
hue, k61.
huff, zun
hufBsh, zunik.
hufBshness, zunof, 2unal.
huge, legledk,
hugely, legleto.
hugeness, \eglet.
human, menik.
humane, menalik.
humanely, menaliko.
humaneness, menal.
humanist, 'umanist.
humanity, menal.
humanize, menalon.
humanizer, menalel.
humanizing, menalik.
human-kind, menaA,
humanly, raeniko.

GRAMMAR Ob' VOLAPuK.

299

humble, mtfeik.
humble, 6apon, mikon,
humbled, mikcA, hapik.
humbleness, mik.
humbler, niikel.
humbling, 6apam, mikAm,
humblingly, miko.
hvimbly, mi'Hik.
humid, vdtoSk.
humidity, vatoi.
humidly, vatofo.
humidness, vatoi.
humiliate, mikon.
humiliating, mikik.
humiliation, mikit,m
humility, mik.
humorous, vimik.
humorously, vimo.
humorousnesB, uimoi
humour, vim, ?a(falod.
humouralism, yzmal .
humouraliat, farfalodel,
humourio, vimik.
humourism, vimsl.
humourist, leco^el.
hrunouristic, eo^ik.
hunch, jokon.
hundred, turn,
hundred-fold, tumik.
hundredth, temdil.
hundred-times, tumaSi.
Hungarian, nuganel.
Hungary, NugSn.
hunger, pottit.
hunger, piituton.
hungerly, potutol.
hungrily, potiitik.
hungry, potieAk.
hunt, yag.
hunt, yagan..
hunted, yagik.
hunter, yagA.
hunting, yagm.

huntress, T^\-yagA, oi-yagel.

huntsman, ^a^el.

hurl, jed.

hurl, jedon.

hurler, j'edel.

hurlyburly, boset.

hurrah ! hafo !

hurricane, le^ep.

hurried, spidik

hurrier, spide\.

hurry, spid.

hurry, spidHn.

hurrying, spidol.

hurryingly, spjfilik.

hurt, viod.

hurt, viodbn, dolon.

hurtful, dolik, damik.

hurtfully, doliko, dolo, ddmo.

hurtfulness, damof.

husband, matel.

husbandman, /elel, plaudel.

husbandry, konom.

hush ! so ! takedo ! piido !

hush, stUon.

husk, jal

husk, jalon.

huskiness, nokebaZiirf.

husky, j'alik

hussar, 'uael.

hustle, lemu/oD.

hut, \adom, smadum

hutch, meilacet.

hyacinth, '^Uazint.

hyena, 'lian.

hymn, 'um.

hymn, paanon.

hymnic, ^aanik.

hypocrisy, simul.

hypocrite, simulel.

hypocritical, simulik, hidevodik.

hypocritically, simulo.

hysteric, ^«rik.

hystery, "^iit.

800

GEAMMAU OF VOLAPuK.

I, ob.

ice, glad.

iced, gladol.

Iceland, Silan.

ioe-motintain, gladaJeZ,

icenesa, flod'Sl.

icy, gtadik.

idea, dol.

ideal, doloi.

idealism, dolsA.

idealist, ddloiel-

ideality, ddls,c\..

idealization, ddlod&m .

idealize, dolon.

idealizer, dolel.

ideally, dolik.

idem, leiko.

idiot, stupel.

idiotic, stupelik.

idiotically, siupeliko.

idiotisli, sta^elik.

idiotism, 'stup, stupal.

idle nedudk.

idle, nedutoa.

idleness, xiedut.

idler, nedutel.

idly, neduto.

idol, luffod.

idolater, Ingodel.

idolatress, ji-lug'ocZel, of-ln^odel.

idolatrous, Ingodik.

idolatroiisly, lup'ocZlik

idolatry, lugodem.

idolish, lugod.

idoliam, lu^orfem.

idolist, In^'oiel.

idolize, lugodbn.

idelized, \ugod6\.

idolizer, lu^orfel,

if, if.

ignite, filon.
ignited, Jil6\.
ignition, fila,m.
ignoble, nenoiik.
ignobleness, nenoSal.
ignobly, nenoSiko.
ignominious, /emodik.
ignominiously, jemodiko.
ignominy, jemoAQt.
ignorance, stupal, stopelal.
ignorant, stvpik-
ignore, nenoBn.
in, mcdadik.
illness, malad.
illude, ciitoTi.
illusion, cut, nilud.
illustrate, maegon.
illustrated, maegHk.
illustration, maeg.
illustrious, daZidk.
illustriously, Asdito.
illustriousness, dafe'ial. -
image, mag.
imaginable, daZiMk.
imagination, niludam .
imaginative, niludik..
imagine, niludoxi.
imitate, Zepon.
immediate, fovik.
immediately, /ouiko.
immediateness, /ot'ikam.
immense, nemq/lik, ne?ii)mik.
immensely, ne_^no.
immenaeness, ne^^n.
immensity, ne^re.
immigrant, se^ewel.
immigrate, seitewon
immigration, setev.
imminence, dafeVal.
imminenoy, daZai^l.

GBA.MMAB OF VOLAPtiK.

301

imminent, da.litik.
imminently, daZj'/iko.
immisaion, mnduk.
immit, nindwKn.
immobility, jiemuf.
immoderate, Jiemqfik.
immoderately, nema/iko.
immoderateness, nemafoi.
immodest, nepuedik.
immodestly, nepuecSko.
immodesty, Tiepued.
immolate, vitimbn.
immolation, vitimSiX
immoral, iZzmik, nesatV/lik.
immorality, nesafeflof.
immorally, nesKdliko.
immortal, nerfet'Zik.
immortality, lasdeiloi.
immortalization, tenaZam,
immortalize, tenalan.
immortally, nedeiliko.
immovability, 'nsmuf.
immovable, nemi«/ik.
immovably, nemtjA).
impart, dalon, gevon.
impartial, nepa/erik.
impartiality, nepaZeiSf.
impatience, Ta&sufad.
impatient, nesii/arfik.
impatiently, nesu/arfiko.
impel, mo/on, stigbn.
impeller, mo/A.
imperative, JaicZelik.
imperceptible, neZo^ik.
imperceptibleness, n&logoi.
imperfect, neZe/uZik.
imperfection, nele/iiL
imperfectly, nele/uliko.
imperfectness, neleful.
imperfect tense, patiip.
imperial, limepik.
imperialist, limepel.
imperiality, limepSl.

imperially, limepiko.
impersonal, neposodik.
impersonality, neposoiiof.
impertinence, bol6t, ne;m6f.
impertinent, bolotik, neyemik,
impertinently, bolotiko, nejem-

iko.
impetuosity, tepa.1.
impetuous, tepik.
implement, pliem.
implicate, kosiadon.
implication, kosiad
imply, nmou, kludon.
import, nmsed.
import, eiasedon.
importable, ninsetZik.
importance, nited, veiit, cad.
important, nitedik, carfik.
importation, runsed.
importer, ninsedel.
impose, snseiton.
impossibility, nemo^'.
impossible, nemo^ik.
impossibly, nerao^'iko.
impost, toZad.
impostor, ciitel.
imposture, ciit.
impotent, nemeHk, nevaliidik.
impracticability, neplag.
impracticable, nepZa^rik.
imprecate, kodem'on.
imprecation, kodem, kodemnm..
impress, mak.
impression, ninped.
imprison, m.nkik'6n, famibbn.
imprisoned, fanuiik.
improper, dobik, nekuladik.
improperly, Tuekuladiko.
improvability, menodbi.
improvable, menodik,
improve, menodon.
improvement, gudikunia,jn,

menod, vob.

302

GRAMMA-B OF YOLAPUK.

improver, menodel.
imprudence, nelcaut.
imprudent, nefcawdk.
imprudently, nekauiiko.
impudence, ne/em8f, bolot.
impudent, ne;emik, bolotik.
impudently, ne;6miko, boloto.
impulse, jok.-
impulse, stigiin.
impulsion, mof.
impulsive, niofik.
impure, iiepuedik, midaliV.
impurely, midSAo.
impureness, midSul, nepued,
impurity, nepued, midal.
impiirple, pupunon.
impurpled, pupunik.
imputation, kusad, blam.
impute, kusadon, hlamon.
imputer, kusadel, Mamel.
in, in, ino, nin ....
incapability, ne/ag;
incapable, ■ne/dgik.
incidence, zid.
incident, zid.
incite, stigoji.
incitement, stigal.
incivility, nekuliv, gloVal.
inclinable, kliemk, meugik.
inclination, klien, /efcam meug,

slop,
incline, slopiin.
inclose, ninfciton, budon.
inclosed, pezfimol.
inclosure, ziim.
include, nmofbn, mnlabiin, nin-

6n.
inclusion, nmam.
inclusive, nine, nmik,
income, lemesed.
inconstancy, neleveloi.
inconstant, nelevelik.
inconvenience, nekoven.

inconvenient, nekotienik.
incorporate, klubon.
incorporation, klubsaoa.
incorrect, Taekuladik.
incorrectness, nekulad.
increase, mddam.
increase, mdd'dn.
indecency, nelepBt.
indecent, nelepotik.
indecently, neleporiko.
indeed, velatiko, vo, v6!
indefinite, ne/amik.
indefinitely, ne/iimiko.
indeflniteness, uefiim.
indemnification, giiv.
indemnify, giivon.
indemnity, nedam.
independence, itoi.
independency, itoi.
independent, idk.
independently, idko.
index, ntnbi.
India, Mdan.
Indian,. niddneX.
Indian, nidanik
indicate, lasigon.
indication, lasig.
indicative, lasigik.
indicator, lasigel.
indiflference, lindif.
indifferent, lindifik.
indifferently, Undifo.
indigence, pbf, def, nelab.
indigent, po/ik.
indignant, lezunik.
indignation, \ezun.
indignity, slan.
indirect, mgf^amik.
indirectly, medamiko.
individual, si6«nel.
idividuality, aibinelof.
individualization, siftinelam.
individualize, sibinelon.

GRAMMAE OF VOLAPUK.

803

induce, monedon.
inducement, kodei.
induct, sfiZamon.
induction, sft'tam, klud&ia.
indulge, dalbn, divodon.
indulgence, divod, yil.
indulgent, yUik, dal&.
indulgently, yiliko. divod&o.
industrial, dustodik..
industrialism, dustodajn.
industrially, dustotfiko, vobo.
industrious, dustodik, zzVik.
industriously, dustrodiko, voho.
industry, zil, dustod.
ineri;, ^/o5ik.
inertness; glob
infallibility, nepoL
infallible, nepiitik.
infellibly, nepoHko.
infamous, yewiodik
infamously, /emodiko.
infancy, cilug.
infant, cil.
infantine, cs'iik.
infantry, futels.
infect, lupofcon.
infected, lupafcik.
infection, lupafe.
infectious, lupakik.
infectiously, lupaHko.
infectiousness, lupafeal.
infective, lupaHk.
infer, kludoa.
inferable, hludSk.
inference, fcZutZam.
inferior, lonedA.
inferior, lu(o).
inferiority, lub.
infernal, 'ofik.
infertile, ne^uHk, ne/e&k.
infertility, nefet.
infidel, ne_^«fik.
infidelity, nefied.

infinite, ne^nik.
infinitely, ne/fno.
infiniteness. nefin.
infinitive, aubsataijf/,
infinitivelj', Jie/t'mi>.
infinity, ne^n.
infirm, _fihih, lusaunik.
infirmary, malado]).
infirmity, fib, lusoun.
infirmly, ^6iko.
infirmness, fib, ^6al.
inflame, "^it, iiedon.
inflamed, '^it, iiediTa.
inflammation, ^iVam, Jiedam.
inflect, dieklinbn.
inflection, ieklin.
influence, flun
influencer, flunA.
influential, ^unik.
inform, nunodon, nunon, tidoa.
information, nunod,kusad tida,m .
informer, nunodel.
ingenious, daiuwik.
ingeniously, datayiko.
ingeniousness, ia,tuva.\.
ingenuity, da(uwal.
ingenuous, kaniidik.
ingenuously, kaniido.
ingenuousness, kaniid.
ingraft, miipon, mnpedon.
ingrafted, mup&.
ingrafter, mwpel.
ingraftment, mup.
ingratitude, nerfanof.
inhabit, lodQji
inhabitable, lodik
inhabitant, lodei, Tunlodel.
inhabited, lodik.
inhabiter, lodel.
inhabitress, ji-Zoflfel, oi-ldde\.
inhalation, ninnatem.
inhale, ninnafemon.
inhaler, ninnatemel.

S04

GUAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

inberit, gelUton..

inheritance, gelut.

inheritor, geliitiV.

inheritress, oi-geliitA \ ji-f/eWiel.

inhuman, nemenik.

inhumanity, liemer&l.

inhumanly, neroeniko.

inhume, sepon.

inimical, ioelik, ne/?ereik.

inimioally, iaeliko, nefleno.

iniquit;^, necod.

inject, nindufcon.

injection, idnduk.

injure, no/on, ddmon.

injured, no/ik, ddmi^.

injury, nof, no/am, damSLB\,

injustice, necoc?.

ink, nig

inky, nigiTs..

inland, ninte'nik.

inlander, mnl/inel.

inlay, nmseitbu..

inlayer, ninseiYel.

inlaying, ninsez'rik.

inlet, mitlid.

inmate, keninZorfel.

inn, labot, lotop,

inner, iino, ino.

innermost, Unedik.

innkeeper, lotel.

innocence, nedeb.

innocent, nedebik.

innocently, nerfeJiko.

innumerable, nenumik.

innumerably, nenwmiko.

innumerous, nerau??iik.

inoculate, miipon.

inoculation, miip.

inoculator, mupel.

inquest, xam.

inquietude, tahedal.

inquire, sakon, vestigon.

inquirer, A&vestigei, sakei.

inquiring, iciMk.
inquiringly, saHko.
inquiry, AsMestig, sak,
insane, /opik.
insanity, /opal,
inscribe, lonedbn.
inscription, tiad.
insect, sok.
insensibility, nesenof.
insensible, nesenik.
insensibly, nese»iiko.
inseparable, neteilik..
inseparableness, neteilot.
inseparably, -aeteiliko.
inside, mo.
insight, lesev.

insignificance, neveUi, puloi.
insignificant, neveiitik, pilloSk...
insiped, nelanimik.
insipidity, nelanim.
insolence, ne;'emof, bolot.
insolent ne/«mik, ioto'tik.
insolently, ne/emiko, holotiko.
inspect, beto^on, mmon.
inspection, beZo^am, .TO'mani

xam.
inspective, a;dmik.
inspector, xamel.
inspectorship, a-amad.
inspiration, ninnoiemam.
inspire, ninnaJemon, lanimmi.
inspired, Zanik, ■pelanimol.
inspirer, tajiel.
inspiring, Zaraik, beZi/ik.
inspirit, fanSn, tomm6n,beZ^6n..
instance, dinad, pot.
instant, timil.
instantaneous, foviho.
instantaneously, fovilco.
instantly, foviko.
instead, pla.
instigate, stigQn.
instigation, stiggjn.

GRAJOIAB. OF VOIAPiiK.

305

instinctively, ne»«iiko.
institute, stitaxaon.
Institute, stid, kanas2u2.
institution, stit, stitaxa..
institution, stitajnel, tide\.
instruct, ttdon.
instructer, ^el.
instruction, tid, tidajin.
instructor, tide\.
instructress, of-a"del, ji-tidel.
instrument, stum,
instrumental, stumik.
instnuuentallj, ^tumiko.
insufficiency, ne«af.
insufficient, nesodk.
insufficiently, nesadko.
insular, nisidel.
insult, no/on.
insult, nof.
insultation, no/am.
insulting, »o/ik.
insnltinglj, nofiko.
insurance, se/am.
insure, sefon.
insured, sefik.
insurer, sefel.
integer, lol.
int^ral, lolik.
int^rity, kaniid.
intellect, kapal, lisan.
intellection, sae-ma\. suem, su-

emaA.
intellectual, /isanik, kapdlik.
intelligence, ifcapaliip.
intelligent, iopalik.
intelligently, kajj&liko, kap&lo.
intelligibility, ifcapalnof.
intelligible, iopalnik.
intend, zeilon, diseinaa nUudon.
intendedly, nolo, nolQlo.
intense, mefcofik, l^feftk.
intensely, mekbSko, leghto.
intenseness, meJcaA, mekoi.

intent, desan.

intention, desan, desin. niludmn.
intently, nolo, nololo.
inter, «e/)5n.
intercede, medim.
intereeder, medel.
intercession, ploBOtZ.
intercessor, plojjuifcel.
intercourse, tuged,
interdict, sefcz/bam.
interdiction, sekik&m.
interest, fien, nited.
interested, riitedlik..
interesting, nitedik.
interestingly, nitediko.
interfere, medon.
interference, medaxa.
interfering, medSl,
interior, linedi'k.
interjection, lintelek.
internal, linedik.
internally, Unedo, ino.
international, bevunerik.
interpose, medon.
interposed, medol.
interposition, med, medani.
interpret, lovepoZon.
interpretation, lovepoZam.
interpreter, lovepotel.
interrogate, xamdn. sakon.
interrogation, sak.
interrogative, :$a2dk.
interrogative, saka/om, sakai/ti.
interrogatively, saHko.
interrogater, saiel.
interrogatory, saka/bm.
interrupt, nelet'on.
interruption, neZefam.
interval, paud.
intervene, medon.
intervening, medik.
intervention, medajn.
interventor, medel.

20

aos

GRAMMAB OF VOLAl'UK.

intimacy, konfiAoi.
intimate, konfidiik
intimate, ladlik.
intimately, ladliho.
intimation, lemun, notod.
into, ini.

intolerable, nesu/ik.
intolerableness, nesu/of.
intolerably, nesw/iko.
intolerance, nesu/, nesii/am.
intolerant, nestf/ik.
intoleration, nest«/am.
intomb, sepon.
intonate, to'^on.
intonation, tofam.
intoxicated, (^Zmadik.
intransitive, nedeklinik.
intrepii, Jdrak, fcmalik.
intrepidity, fc?nal.
intricate, -pekosiadi^.
intricately, pefcosiarfiko.
introduce, ninrfufc5n, ninsecilon.
introducer, mndukel.
introduction, uinduk, nintfofcam.
introductive, uindukik.
introductively, ninrfuHko.
intrude, sndlanQa.
intruder, andlanel.
intrusion, audlan.
intrusive, andlanik.
intrisuvely, andlaniko.
intrusiveness, sndlanoL
intrust, lenfcon^don.
intrusted, l&aMonfidol.
inundate, tuuaJon.
inundated, tuuatik.
inundation, tnvat.
inutile, nepo/wrfik.
inutility, nepofiid.
invaluable, nelerftuik,
invaluably, nelerfu'O.
invariable, newodik.
invariably, newodiko,

invent, daZuwon, daft'fcon.
invention, da,tuv, daiuuam.
inventive, datowik, daij'Hk.
inventively, datowiko.
inventiveness, datowal.
inventor, dafauel, &a,tikA.
inventory, ventem.
inventress, of-daiwuel, of-daft'M.
inverse, vota^«Hk.
inversion, vota;?efcam.
invert, vota^eKn.
inverted, vota/?eHk.
invest, lin^mon.
investigate, xamon, daivestigon.
investigation, xam, aramam,

isivestig.
investigator, xamA, A9.vestigel.
invincible, neuitodik.
invincibleness, nevikodoi.
invincibly, newftodiko.
invisible, neto^'ik.
invisibleness, neZo^of.
invitation^ vud, rairfam.
invite, viidon.
invited, peuurfol.
inviting, vUdik..
invooate, lenwofcon.
invocation, lenwofc, lenjwJtani.
involuntarily, nelibauzftko.
in voluntariness, ne\iha,vil.
involuntary, nelibausZik.
involution, komplig.
involve, kampligon.
involved, -pekosiadih.
involvement, kompliga.m..
inward, ini, Unediii.
Ireland, RUan.
Irish, rilamk.
Irishman, rilanel.
iron, lei.
iron, lelik.
irony, fco/en.
irradiant, stalik.

GRAJIMAB OF VOLAPUK.

307

irradiate, stolon.

irradiation, steiam.

irregular, nenomoma/ik.

irregularity, nenomoma/of.

irregularly, nomomq/'iko.

irrigate, vatbn, lumon, vatoion.

irrigation, yatam.

irritate, stigon.

irritation, stig, stigAva.

irritatire. sZijyik.

is, binoa. binom., binon, binoi,

Islam, slam.

Islamism, slamvig.

Islamite, slamel.

Islamitic, s?amik.

Islamize. slamoa.

island, nisul.

islander, nisulel.
isle, nisul.
isolate, detiilbn.
isolated, detulih.
isolatedly, dettiliko, detiilo.
isolation, detulsLin.
issue, pub, sefl'tuam.
issue, Anleton.
it, os; osi; atos, os-a^
Italian, talel.
Italian, <a7ik.
Italianize, talon.
Italy, Tal.
itself, otos, os-Bt.
ivory, nel/anbg.
ivory, nel/anogik.

jabber, Inpukot.
jabber. Inpukba.
jabberer, lup«fcel.
jabbering, lup(>Hk.
.Jack, I'o-anil.
jacket, gunil.
jade bapbn. mikba.
jam, konsef.
jam, ^erfon.
•lanuary-Tanul.
.lapan, Tapan.
Japanese, yapdnel.
.Japanese, yopanik.
jar, ken.
jargon, pern,
jeer, Jrofen.
jeer, kq/bn.
jeerer, ^o/el.
jerk, flap.

jerk, flapba, Inpiikbn.
jest, fe>/en.
jest, ko/bn.
jester, km/el.

jestfal, ko/iV.

jesting, ko/i]L.

jet, vatastoi'.

Jew, j'udel.

jewel, nobaston.

jewelled, nobasionik.

jeweller, nBbastonel.

jewelry, noba.sions.

Jewess, oi-yudel, ]i-yudA.

Jewish, yurfik.

Jewry, yud.

job, vob.

jobber, vobel.

John, Yo'^an.

Johnny, Yo'^anil.

join, feianon.

joinder, klub, Wu6am.

joiner, labsl, cemel.

joinery, taben,

joint, snob.

joint, fetonon, klubbn, balbn,

bo fan.
joke, cog.

308

GUAMMAB, or VOLAPUK.

joke, cogoTu.

joker, coge\.

joking, cogik.

jokingly, cojriko.

jole-cig.

joUiness, yof.

jolly, yofik.

jolt, jok.

jolting, joMk.

journalist, penelgasedik.

journey, tav, ^Swil, tiid.

journey, ttivon, taviloti, tud'on,

jovial, yo/ik.

jovialness, yo/dl, yof, gdl&\.

jovially, yo/o.

jovialty, yo/al, yof, gdla\.

joy, gal.

joy, gdlQn, gdlolnQn.

joyful, gdlik.

joyfully, galo.

joyfulness, gal.

joyous, giilik,

jubilate, yuhim.

jubilation, yiab.

jubilee, yuhwp.

judge, ciidel

judge, cdrfon, corfofon.

judgeship, cdda.cal, cddel&caL

judgment, kaut, yusit.

judicial, kautils., codelik.

judicious, kautik, corfelik.

judiciously, kau&o, corfelo>.

judiciousness, kaut.

jug, ken.

juggle, ciitoTi.

juggler, pofcan.

July, yulul.

jumble, pern.

jump, bun.

jump, bunbn.

jumper, hunei.

junction, klub&m.

juncture, fcZuJam.

June, yunul.

jurist, gita,Yel, yusitel.

juror, yulacodoiel.

jury, yulacodiii.

just, it.

just, gidh., codik.

justice, yusit, codiik.

jvisticeship, yusitskcal, cdda,cat^

<:dde\s,cal.
justifiable, cotifik.
justification, gitskm.
justifler, gitel.
justify, giton, codHn.
justle, /ofcam.
jut, klaton.
juvenije, yunlik.
juvenileness, ywnal.
juvenility, ^uraal.

K.

keen,, ieidk.
keenly, heidko, heilo.
keenness,. ieitSl.
keep, kip'6n.
keeper, kipel.
keeping, kip.
kettle, caf.
key, kik.

keybole, kikn'og.
kick, jok,
kick, Jokon.
kicker, jokel.
kid, ji-goladil.
■biill, funon.
killer, funeh
killing, /unal.

GRiMMAE OF VOLAPUK.

3<:y

kilogram, jnifflam.
kiloliter, milidt.
kilometer, mUmet.
kin, Ufasa. gen.
kind, sot. bid.
Und, /fenik.
kindly, pUSk.. feniV.
kindness, JUnoi.
king. reg.

kingdom, re^kinan.
kingly, re^ik.
kiss. kid.
kiss, kidoa.
kisser, kidA.
kissing, tuien.
kitchen, kak.
kitten, Jradl.
knave. gUbA, luntan.
knavery, jap.

knavish, japik, glibeMik..

knavishly, japiko, Ininaniko

knavishness, jap, japal.

knee, kien.

kneel, Jttenon.

knife, neif.

knight, montiel.

knit, stogon.

knotting, stog.

knock, flap, nok.

knock, flapon, jwkoD.

knocker, fiapeV, nokei.

knot, snob.

knot, snohoTX.

knotty, snoKk..

know, n«/on.

knowledge, nol.

known, nodk, peseoik.

knulF, fop.

la, ekol eko.

labefy, fib in

labial, mudskdiRk..

laborious, voKk..

laboriously, so&iko, voho.

laborioosness, t^unof.

labour, vob.

labour. »o65n.

labourer, vohA.

labouring. !;o&ik.

lace, tan, tiep.

laced, fiepik.

lacerate, dimuZon.

lack, def.

lack, defon, dofon, dafcJon,

jielabon.
lad, pnl

ladder, xanafri'm
ladle, kup.
lady, lad.

lag, latikun.
lagger, zogel.
lake, lak.
lamb, liam.
lame, sti/ik.
lamely, sti/o.
lameness, stif.
lament, '^ag.
lament, 'agon,
lamentable, pi£k.
lamentation, ^ag.
lamenter, "^agel.
lamenting, 'agik.
lamp, litapol.
lance, sped,
lancer, spedel.
land, 1-an; laned.
land, Idnon.
landing, lanam.
lane, lal.

310

GUAMMAK OF VOLAPUK.

language, puk.

language-teacher, puka^jifel.

languisli, lewip,

languish, leuipon.

languor, nedut.

lantern, lit&sdv.

lap. Turn.

lapse, fal.

lard, TpvoSjinit.

larded, pinam««61.

lardy, pinamztik.

large, gletik..

largely, gleA)sio.

largeness, glet.

lascivious, lenepeudik.

lasciviously, lenejyeudiko.

lasciviousness, lenepeurfug.

lash, flap.

lasher, flapel.

lass, jjoniul, of-pul.

lassitude, fen.

last, ladk.

last, liulon, ledulQn.

lasting, ai.

lastly, Kriko, Zarikiimo, lato.

last-night, araezVo

late, latik.

lateness,' lat.

lathe, tunataJ.

lather, skom.

latin, latin. '

latitude, Tpovaffeilng, vid.

latter, latikiin.

laud, lob.

laudable, loblik.

laudableness, ZoHikam.

laudably, Zoftliko.

laugh, smilon.

laughable, smilik.

laughableness, smil&i.

laughably, smiliko.

laugher, smilel.

laughter, smil.

laundress, of-ra/ukel.

lava, lav.

lavr, Ion.

lawful, lonik.

lawfully, ' Zoniko-

lawfulness, Zonal.

lawless, neZonik.

lawlessness, noZon(al)..

lawyer, lonel,

lay, seiton.

lay, no^on.

layer, nogel.

laying, seitik.

lazaret, lazet.

lazily, neduto.

laziness, nedut

lazy, nedtirik.

lead, plum, plumin.

lead, dug, dugaxn, duk, (iafcum.

lead, dugSn.

leaden, plumik.

leader, dugel.

leading, dugol.

leaf, bled, blog.

leafy, blogi^s..

league, fed.

leagued, fediTs..

leaguer, /edei.

leak, voad.

leak, voadik.

leak, voadiin.

leakage, voad.

leakiness, voad.

leaky, voadik.

lean, nepznik. .

leanness, nepin, nejo/cn.

leap, gon.

leap, gonba.

leaper, ^onel.

leap-year, yel del&B 3 6 ft.

learn, lenadon, tidBn.

learned, TpetidQl.

learner, lenadel.

GTIAMM-VR OF VOLAPUK.

311

learning, tidaj. tid&m.
lease, kodut.
lease, Icodutbn.
least, luan.
leather, skit.
leathern, skitik.
leathery, sMlik.
leave, luv, lumxa, dal.
leave, letxm, luvon.
lector, liladel.
lecture, lilad.
lectnie, liladun.
lecturer, liladel.
leech, gib.

left. pe/aTOl, nedeto, nedeftio,
ne(2e2aliko, necferit, nedet&iik.
left-handed, ne<ie&lik.
lefthandedness, nedet&i.
1^, fat..'
legal, 2onik.
l^ality, lonaxa.
l^ally, foniko.
l^end, riar, lusag.
legitnnacy, leg.
Intimate, Ze^ik.
legitimate, legon.
legitimation, legam.
leisure, ituiip.
lend, lu^tifon.
lender, Injytpel.
lending, In^ipik.
length, loned.
lengthen, lonedon.
lengthening, lonedasa..
length-wise, lonedo.
lent, cun.
less, ln{o).
lessen, 2undn.
let, leton.
let, kSduton.

letten, pened, penoi; tonah.
level, kam, plen.
level, ta/n on.

levelled, fc«mik.

leveller, tamel.

levelling, leigoju.

levelness, leig.

levity, leitjUL

le-wd, nepue(fik.

lewdly, nepuedo.

lewdness, aepued.

liar, neveladel.

liberal, ^jiofik.

liberality, givof.

liberally, givoio.

liberty, lib.

library, bukatofef.

librate, caion.

librate, vebon.

libration, veb.

license, dab.

licenser, rfaJel.

lie, nevelad,

lie, seist&n.

lie, neveladon.

liege, \esol.

lieutenant, liotan.

life, lif, nedeil.

life-assurance, Zi/'ase/am.

lifeless, aelifik.

lifelessly, nefa/iko.

lifelessness, neli/oi.

lift, iovon, sutocon.

lifter, to»el.

light, lit.

light, Ziiik, leitik.

light, litm.

lighted, zak.

lighten, leZiZon.

lightening, leZi'^ol.

lighter, litel.

lightly, ne/iiuto.

lightness, lit, nefiJcul, leit.

lightning, lelit.

like, as, asZzt, iiso.

like, lofon.

312

GRAMMAE 01' VOIjAPUK.

like, leigik.

likelihood, hivelat, sm&velat.

likelinesa, leigai.

likely, Invelatik.

likeness, leigui.

likewise, lAko, leigo.

liking, plid, plit.

lily, liaf.

limb, lim.

lime, glud.

lime, gludon..

limit, mied.

limit, miedon.

limitation, mieddtm..

limiter, miedel.

limy, glitdik..

line, lien.

linear, lienih.

linen, liab.

linger, iezogon.

lingerer, ' trof .

lingering, nevifik.

lingeringly, nevi/iko.

lining, Aisostof.

link, flamadi.

lion, lein.

lip, mudsidil.

lipped, va.uda,ditik.

liquefy, 'smeSBn (iron), smoton

(snow),
liqiiid, flumSlik.
liquidity, fiumoi.
liquidness. flum^i.
liquor, dlin, filaum.
list. Used,
list, desid&nx.
listen, lielon.
listener, lielel.
listening, liel, adj : lielik.
litany, litanen.
literal, vodik,
literally, vodSko.
literator, literatel.

literature, literat.

lithograph., stona6»ten.

lithogropher, stonaftaifei.

lithographic, stona6«Hk.

lithography, stonaMfcen.

little, nemocfik, smalik,

littleness, smal.

liturgic, Uturik.

liturgist, liturel.

liturgy, litur.

live, fe/ik, fo/lik.

live, Uf'on, lodon.

iivelihood, kosit.

liveliness, lifoi, yof.

livelong, lonedoSk.

lively, lifiik, yo/ik.

liver, Ufel.

liver, foap.

livery, bliin, bliina,m., liver.

living, lodol, siedik, /j/ik.

living, kosit.

lizard, lagat.

Lloyd, leud.

lo, eko!

loa,d, lod.

load, lodon.

loaded, lodik, lodol.

loading, lodol.

loaf, laib.j

loam, tain.

loam, iainik.

loamy, tainik

loan, lugiv.

loan, Ingiv'dn

loath, '^enk, naudik.

loathe, ^eion, naud6n.

loathful, '^erik, naudik.

loathingly, '^edko.

loathsome, "^eilik.

loathsomely, "^efliko.

loathsomeness, '^etoi.

lobby, leysin.

local, topik, pladik, spadik.

GRAMMAR 01 VOLAl'iJK.

313

localism, topot.

locality, topiif.

localization, iopofam.

localize, topon.

locally, topiko.

locate, pZadon, top'dn, iokodtitba.

location, plad^ia. '

loch, lak.

lock, kikaxQ..

lock, kikaa.

looker, kikA.

locket, kikJl.

locksmithy-fcjien.

locomotive, le?ra«/".

lodge, lahoton.

lodger, mnlodA.

lodging, labotaia.

lodgment, labot, loto^.

loft, stok.

lofldly, pleido, subimo.

loftiness, gleto6(rf, pleid.

lofty, subimik, pleidik.

logarithm, logarit.

logarithmetic, logaritik.

logarithmetically, logarito.

logic, tikaN.

logical, ft'Aavik.

logically, ft'fcavo.

logician, ft'feivel.

loin, leun.

loiter, zogon.

loiterer, zo^el.

loitering, zog.

loiteringly, zo^'ik

lombardkeeper, ^anan.

London, Londen.

Londoner, loTidenxsX.

lone, soaZik, leftaSk.

loneliness, soal.

lonely, soaHko.

loneness, soal.

lonesome, soaHk.

lonesomely, soaHko.

lonesomeness, soal.

long, lone(&.

long, desidoB., Jiagbn.

longer, lonediknm.

longest, lonedikun.

longing, desida,m., flag, deman.

longish, lonedlik.

longitude, loned.

longness loned.

look, Zo^ed.

look, To^edon, logon.

look ! eko !

looking-glass, lok.

loom, luntVfon.

loon, glibel

loose, livit.

loose, livbn.

loosely, livo.

loosen, livon.

loosened, livol.

looseness, liv.

Lord, lesol.

lordly, lesolik.

lose, poltidon.

loser, poludel.

loss, poind.

lost, poliidik.

lot, diloA.

lottery, loter.

loud, kleilik.

loudly, kleiliko.

loudness, kleil.

lounge, laspat, lugolsA.

lounge, Ing'oten.

lounger, ]xigolel.

lounging, lu^oZam.

louse, puf.

lousy, pu/ik.

love, lof, ladal.

love, Idfoji.

loved, peZo/ik.

loveliness, kein, Ibtskdig.

lovelv, keinik.

814

GRAMJIAU OF VOLAPUK.

lover, lo/al, ladaX.

lovingly, lofadigik.

lovingness, I'df&dig.

low, ne^«»7ik; ftopik.

lower, ne^ei/tim, iie</ei7ikuin.

lower, Amxletoa..

lowering, donZ«am, donief.

lowermost, nejrgjffin.

lowest, ne(/ee7ikun, negeilxoi.

lowliness, bap.

lowly, hapik.

lowness, negeil.

loyal, iiedVs..

loyalist, jiedA.

loyalty, fied. ,

lozenge, karam.

lubberly, glohW.

lubricate, sfereon, lum'dn.

lubrication, stensxn.

lubricator, /umel.

Ivicid, hliKk, litSk.

lucidity, klil.

luoidness, klil.

luck. lab.

luckily, Icibo.

luckiness, ldh'6i.

luckless, neteiik.

lucklessly,, neWfeo.

lucklesness, neteiof.

lucky, Zatik.

ludicrous, cZroHk, 66/ik.

ludicrously, droliko, h'dfo.

ludicrousness, bdf'of, drol, io/a\.

lug, lil.

luggage, pakerci.

luggage-van, oun&vah.

lugubrious, gliimik.

lugubriously, gliimo.

lukewarm, lindi/ik.

lukewarmly, lindifo.

lukewarmness, lindif.

lukewarm th, lindif.

lull, stilon.

luminous, Kzik.
luminously, lito.
Iviminousness, liti
lump, dil.

lumpishly, diliko, globo.
lumpishness, glob. ■
lunar, munik.
lunch, \efid,
luncheon, YefidVi.
lung, lug.
lure, bata,r/&.
lurid, /unik.
luring, iarik.
lurk, ifton.
lurker, tefcel.
lurking, lulak.
Iviscions, naudVs..
lusciously, naudiVo.
lusoiousness, naudoi.
lust, yof. -
lust, yof on.
luster, yo/&\, yof'i.\.
lustfull, yo/ik.
lustfully, 2/0/0.
lustfulness, yofoi.
lustily, yo/iko.
lustiness, yofoi.
lusting, i/o/'ik.
lustre, nid.
lustrous, mdik.
lustruously, nzdiko, niVio.
lusty, ,^o/ik.
lute, zlit, lir.
luter, zzi'tel.
Lutheran, luteran.
luxuriance, luxamQi.
luxuriant, toamlik.
luxuriantly, feamliko.
luxuriate, liixamoTO..
luxurious, luxamliV.
luxuriously, lilxamo.
luxuriousness, Uixamoi.
luxury, liixam.

GRATlIJlAll or VOLAPiiK.

315

Lydia, Liidia.
L3-dian, liidiamk.
lying, neveladaxa
lying, seit; sei^tik (adj).

lynx, luxaf.
lyre, lir.
lyric, lirik.
lyrist, lirel.

M.

macaroni, makar.
macaronic, mnfcarik.
macerate, nepienbn.
macerafed, nepienik.
maceration, nepienam.
machinal, anik.
machinate, anon,
machination, cj'nani,
machinator, cinel.
machine, cin.
machinery, cinif.
machinist, cman.
mad, lefupik.
madden, le/b/jon
maddened, le/qp6l.
maddening, lefopils.
mad-house, fopadom.
madl}', /opik.
madman, fop.
madness, \efopug.
ma^zine, canama^arf.
magian, magtigel.
magic, magiig.
magistracy, magitam..
magistrate, magit.
magnanimity, faVial.
magnanimOTis, kinalik.
magnanimously, fcinaliko.
magnesia, magin.
magnet, maget.
magnetic, magetik.
magnetism, maget&l.
magnetist, magetel.
magnetization, maget&m.
magnetize, mageton.

magnetized, magelik.
magnetizer, magetel.
magnetizing, magetiil.
magnific, magifik, glolik.^
magnification, magifiaa.
magnificence, magif.
magnificent, magi/ik^
magnificently, magif'6.

glolo !
magnifier, mag if el..
magnify, magi/on.
magnitude, glet.
mahometan, slamel.
mahometanism, slam,
mahometanize, slamon.
maid, of-d«nel, vomnl.
maiden, uomul.
maidenly, i-omiiliko.
maim, ddmon.
maimed, ddm'ol.
main, gle . . .
main, le . . .

mainly, lepatiko, Icjjalo.
maintain, namon.
maintainable, namik.
maintainer, namel.
maintenance, nam&ra,
maiz, klen.
majestic, mayedik.
majestically, mayediko.
majesticness, mayedmn.
majesty, mayed.
major, mayor,
majority, modag.
make, mek.

816

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUk.

make, mekon.
maker, mekel.
making, mekol.
malady, malad.
male, manik.
malevolence, "^et.
malevolent, ^crik.
malevolently, "^eriko.
malice, "^et
malicious, '^erik.
malicionsly, "^efiko.
maliciousness, '^eiof.
malign, '^etik.

malignant, '^eti'k, "^erfik, ''olik.
malignantly, "^eriko, "^ojiko.
malignity, "^et.
malt, malet.
malt, maleton.
man, man, men.
manacle, jdnon.
manage, ci/on, dugoa.
management, rfufcam.
manager, cif, dugel.
mandate, bud.
mane, nokeba.'^el.
man-eater, menafidA.
manful, manalik.
manfully, manaliko.
manfulness, manal.
manger, rip
manifest, not&di.
manifest, mam/amon.
manifestation, manj/ofam.
manifested, manifik..
manifestly, manifo, Wpofiko.
manifestness, mani/'oi.
manifold, manifod.
mankind, meraad.
nianlines.9, menal.
manly, m«nik, manik.
manner, mod.
mannerly, modik.
manners, mods.

mannish, manik, lanimik.

mantle, maned.

manufactory, namat,

manufacture, namat.

manufactured, ipefahliidol.

manufacturer, faililddih.

manure, don.

manure, pinon.

manured, pepmol.

manuring, pinik.

many, modik.

map, kad, kaed.

marble, mab.

marble, mabik.

marbled, peraa661.

marbly, maftlik,

march, mazul.

march, malek, malekiim ; maj !

majo !
march, malekoa.
marching, malekol.
mare, ]i-jeval.
margin, flan, flanaraoted.
margin, flanUn, /lanopenou..
marginal, flananotedik.
margenally, flananofedo.
marine, mSl.
marine, melik, mela, . . .
mariner, melun, melel.
maritime, mela, . . , melik.
mark, mak.
mark, mak'6n
marker, markel, md/cel.
market, malit.
marketing, malitstm.,
marmot, mam.
marriage, mat
marriageable, madk.
married, pemafokol, pema«6l.
marrow, ker.
marrowbone, kerahom.
marrowiah, kerik.
marrowy, fcerik.

GRAMMAR OF TOLAPuK.

31';

marry, mafokon.
marry, matbn.
marsh, \alak.
marshal, majal.
marshy, luZa/kik.
martial, kligik
martially, klig&o.
martyr, mar, maturel.
martyrdom, matur.
marvel, milag.
marvellous, milagik.
marvellously, milago.
marvellonsness, milagnot.
masculine, monik.
mash, mail,
mashed, /einol. mailol.
mashing, mailol.
mashy, maUik.
mask, masek.
mask, masekou,
masked, masekiV.
masker, masekel.
masking, tnasekSl.
mason, nwnel.
masonic, monelit.
mass, lemod.
massacre molod.
massacre, moloddn.
massacred, pemotodol.
massiness, masiv.
massive, mos/idk.
massively, masivo.
mast, nafa.him.
master, masel.
master, maselm.
masterkey, glefaX-.
masterless. nemaseZik.
masterly, maxefiko.
mastership maSele^.
mastery, maselef.
masty, Tia/abimik.
match, filab.
match, pal.

match, palon.
mate, keo/el, kecoiel.
mate, palon
material, stof.
material, matenk.
materialism, stofal.
materialist, stof A.
materialistic, sto/elik.
materiality, sto/am.
matelialize, stofou.
maternal, morik, ji-/arik.
maternally, mo/iko, moto.
mathematie, ^/e(avik.
mathematically, ghta.riko.
mathematicion, ^toavel.
mathematics, glelav.
matrimonial, marik.
matrimonially, matO; matiko.
matrimonions, morik.
matrimony, mat.
matron, ji-matel.
matronal, ji-matelik.
matronize, ji-matel6n.
matronly, ji-matelik.
matter, stof.
mattress, mad.
mature, macGik.
mature, madon.
matured, matSk.
matured, pemodol.
maturely, madiko, mado.
matureness, mad.
maturity, mad.
maul, le/og.
maxim, lenom.
maximum, iemtm.
May, mayul.
may, mayula.
may, dalon, magon.
mayor, mayor, si/el.
mayoralty, si/elacal.
mayoress, ji-si/el.
maze, koftid.

318

GllAMMAll or VOLAPiiK.

maze, kofudon.
mazilj', /q/i(rfiko.
. maziness, ko/udof.
maz3", kofudik.
meadow, meid, biilad, flub,
meadower, meidel, fluhel.
madowy, meidik, flubili.
meagre, nepinik,
meagrely, nepino.
meagreness, nepin, nepten.
meal, meil.
meal, le/irf.
mealmonger, meilel.
mealy, meilik.
mean, glihik, ffogik.
mean, diametik.
mean, niludon.
jneaning, mludaum.
meaningly, nolo, pleso.
meanly, bapiko, hapo, gago,

gagiko.
meanness, bap.
means, meda.
measles, rujip(s).
measly, rvfipik.
measurable, )?io/lik.
measurableness, ma/ioi.
measurably, mafliko,
measure, maf.
measure, mafon.
measured, pema/61.
measvu-ement, ma/ani.
measurer, mafel.
measuring, tno/ik.
meat, jnit.
mechanic, einik.
meclianical, cinik.
mechanically, ciniko.
mechanician , cinii fel .
mechanics, cmiif.
mechanism, cj'nufim.
mechanist, cf'nufel.
medal, tonad.

medallet, /conadil.
medallic, fconadik.
medallion, kon&d.
meddle, Mftamon.
meddler, ioftamel.
meddlesome, tobik, <o6amik.
meddling, tobnia.
median, diametik.
mediate, diametik.
mediate, medou,
mediaiion, med&m..
mediator, medel.
medical, medinik.
medically, merfiniko.
medicament, medin.
m edicate-?n«din6n .
medicinal, merfinik.
medicinally, merfiniko.
medicine, medin.

meditate, siienon.
meditation, saenam.

meditative, sUenik.

meditatively, siieno, stieniko.

mediterranean, ZenodameZ,

medium, zenod\k.

meed, le^i'uot.

meek, meiladik, molik. so/ik,
rfwsik,

meeken, meiladon, miidon.

meekly, meiladiko, meilado.

meekness, sof, mo, me'ilad&l,
meilad.

meet, kofcomon.

meet, gebik, pofiidik.

meeting, kofco'm.

melancholic, ^it«malik.

melancholy, glumixl.

^ellovy, mSdik, miiedik, madik.

mellowness, mad, mol, sof,
melodik.

melodious, beno^nnik, benoionSe.

melodiously, beno?ono,me?orfiko.

melodiousness, beno<on.

GK.AMMAH. OF VOLAPiiK.

319

melody, hexLOton, melod.
melon, meet,
melt, stnoton, sineton.
melted, smorik, smerik.
member, lim, kopaual.
membered, limik.
membership, kopanef.
memorable, memik.
memorableness, tnemot
memoramdum, notedabtihik.
memorial, mebamoi.
memorialist, begel.
memorialize, 6e^6n.
memorize, memon.
memory, mem.
men, mens,
menace, tad, fada,m..
menace, tadon.
mend, menodtin.
mended, pemejiorfol.
mender, menodel.
mending, menodik.
menstrual, vamuHk.
mensiu'ability, ma/lof.
mensurable, ?n«/"lik.
mensuration, mafam.
mental, IcapSMk.
mentally, sidmo.
mention, noton.
mercantile, iedik.
merchandise, can.
merchant, tedel.
merciful, ke/ierfik, benik, misal-

adik.
mercifully, beno, misalado.
mercifulness, benoi, misalad.
merciless, neftenik, nemisala£k.
mercilessly, nefteno.
mercilessness, ne&en, neftenof.
mercury, kegin.
mercy, ke/ierf, ben, misalad.
mere, te, to.
merely, te, to.

merge, rfison.
meridian, zendel.
merge, disiin.
meridian, zenrfe^
meridian, tipun, lopiin.
merit, melid.
merit, melidon.
merited, -pemelidb] .
meritorious, melidik.
meritoriously, melido,
meritoriousness, melid'6i.
merrily, yofo, ffdliko.
merriment, yof, gal.
merriness, yof, gal.
merry, J/o/ik, gdlik.
mesh, mail,
meshy, mailik.
mess, zib; por,
message, nun.
messenger, nunal, nunel.
Messiah, Mesial,
metal, metal,
metallic, meialik.
metallist, metalan.
metallization, metaleu,
metallize, metalon.
meter, mafel.
method, mod.
methodic, modik.
methodically, morfika.
mettle, kinal.
metre, met.
mew, sma/aniib.
mew, mnJcikon; yunon.
mewing, yunol.
middle, zenod, med.
midnight, zeneit.
mid-noon, zendel.
midwife, yufauom.
midwiferj', yufa,vom2tcal.
might, valud, mekaA.
mightily, valiido, mcfcado.
mightiness, valudoi.

320

GllAMMAR 01' YOLAPUK.

miglity, mekik, waKciik.
migrate, se^euon.
migration, sefeuam.
milch, milig'6\, miligils..
mild, ^i7ik, meiladik.
mildly, yilils.0, meilado.
mildness, meilad, meiladal.
mile, leil.
military, solat.
military, militik, militeiaik..
militate, kligon.
militia, militem..
milk, milig.
milk, miligon.
milker, miligel.
milking, miligol.
milkmaid, ot-miligel.
milky, miligik.
milky-way, galaxut.
mill, mfil,
mill, milon.
milled, miilik, ■pemillol.
miller, miilel.
milliard, 6aHad.
milligram, \iglam.
millilitre, liliat.
millimeter, lim^^
milliner, ot-moladel
millinery, oi-moladelncal.
milling, miilol.
million, 6oHou.
millionaire, ia/ional.
millionary, JaZionik.
millionth, iaZionid.
mind, siam.
mind, kiipon.
minded, meu^ik.
mindedneas, meiig.
mindful, memik.
mindfully, memiko.
mindfulness,, memai.
minding, memik.
mine, o?rik, o6a.

mine, munasei, piir.
miner, munaseftel, pJirA.
mineral, min.
mineral, mimk.
mineralogic, nimavik.
mineralogically, miraaviko^
mineralogist, mj'navel.
mineralogy, mtnav.
mingle, migan.
mingled, migol.
minimum, joalikiin.
mining, mein.
minion, lofsh.
minister, dunaX.
minister, predA.
minister, lucKnbn.
ministerial; djinalik.
ministerially, aimalo.
minor, lu(o): smaZikiim(o)^
minority, lub.
mint, kon.
mint, ionon.
mintage, /conam.
minter, honeX.
minute, minut.
minute, smalmk, nosik.
minutely, minutik.
minutely, noso, smahnko.
minuteness, nonof, smalnof^
miracle, milag
miraculous, milagik.
miraculously, milagiko.
miraculousness, milag'H.
mire, slam.
mire, fum.

miriness,
mirror, lok.
mirth, yof.
mirthful, yq/ik.
mirthfully, yofo.
mirthfulness, J/o/W, gdl^,
miry, sliimik.
misadventure, lied, neliib.

GBAMMAE OF VOLAPuK.

521

mischief, nesan, nelab.

mischief-finaker, nesaneL

naschievous, nesanik.

mischievoosly, nesano.

mischievonsiiess, hadag.

misconduct, iiet<^5ii, nekodoton.

misdeed, lesin.

miser, fnl, njonalan.

miserable, picBk, misalik.

miserableness, misalof.

miserably, tmsalo.

misery, migal

misfortime, neZaft.

mishap, neZoft.

mishappen, nela^n.

mishmash, pem.

miss, lad.

miss, mL

miss, nefucon.

mission, \ssed, le«e^m.

missionary, pesedel.

mist, iog.

mist, fogon.

mistake, pok.

mistake, i^logaa, polmn.

mister, sol.

mistily, Instomo, fogiko.

mistiness, fog.

mistress, lad, ot-masel, ji-masel.

mistrost, mikonfid.

mistrust, mikonfidon.

misty, fogik.

misunderstand, miil:apalon.

misunderstanding, mJjkapalub.

misuse, mi^e&on.

misused, mi^eUk.

misuser, mi^eftel'

mitigant, muSk, meilcuSk.

mitigate, mu^n, meHadon.

mitigated, pe»>u<^l.

mitigation, madam, meilad,

meiladaxa.
mitigative, mtufik, meiZfwfik.

mitre, bijopa'^oi.

mis, migon.

mixed, miyik.

mixedly, ;je»ilik.

mixer, migei.

mixture, mig; pem.

moan, '^ag.

moan, '^agon.

moat, sop.

moat, sopbn.

mob, Inpop.

mobbish, lupopik.

mobile, inu/ik.

mobility, tmtfot.

mock. kof.

mock, kof on.

mocker, ifco/el.

mockery, kofen.

mode, mo2ad.

model, fomfA.

model, fomoM..

modeller, fomA.

modelling, /omam.

moderate, ma/ik.

moderate, maf^akan.

moderately, mq/'lik.

moderateness, mafoi.

moderation, mafksa, mafod,

jna/odam.
moderator, ma/el, ma/odel.
modem, moladik.
modernization, moladsisi.
modernize, moladaa.
modernized, molcuEk.
modemizer, moladA.
modest, miikik, sUJak.
modestly, mukiko, SK</Iik.
modesty, muk; siidoi.
modifiable, votik.
modification, vot, i-oftm, eein,

ceinaza.
modified, worik, ce/nik.
modifier, moladel, voiel, ceinel.

21

322

aRAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

modify, moladon, voton, iemtoa,
ceinou. ^

modiah, mola(£k.
modishly, molado.
modishneaa, molad&suk molac^oi,
modiste, oi-moladei.
Mohammedism, slam,
moist, uaiofik.
moisten, famon, vatoion.
moistness, vatoi.
moisture, I'n^of, to/il.
mole, moafdam, pof^idam.
mole, moafon.
molest, tomon, holadon.
taolestation, tom.
m.ollify, leiton, meiladbn.
moment, timil, veiit.
momentarily, foviko.
momentary, blefimo.
momentous, veiitik, . nitedik.
momentously, veiitiko.
momentousneas, veutof.
momentum, mof.
monarch, monakei.
monarchal, monakik.
monarchy, monak.
monastery, kleud.
Monday, mundel.
monde, vol.
money, mon.
moneyed, liegik.
monger, selel.
monk, rorfel.
monkey, lep.
monkish, lepik.
monogram, monogam.
monopolist, monopA.
monopolize, monop'dn.
monopoly, monop.
monster, lumm.
monstrosity, jeJc&i.
monstrous, j'eMk.
monatrously, jekiko, j'eklik.

monstrousness, j'ekoi.

month, mul.

monthly, a mul, muliko, va-

muHko.
monument, mebama/.
monumental, mebamatik.
monumentally, mebamaSko,
mood, ladSl.
moodiness, todal.
moody, todalik,
moon, mun.
moonshine, Jnuna,lit.
moor, lutefc.
moor, morel,
moorish, luZafcik.
moorish, morik.
moory, lutofcik.
moot, disputim.
mooted, -g&disputoi.
mooter, dispute.
mope, trof.
mopish, dlimik.
mopishness, dtimal.
moral, suda.\.
moralist, s«!<?avel.
morality, si(d\o{.
moralize, sarfavon, siidoJi.
moralizer, suda,\e\.
moralizing, siid?mk.
morally, sadliko.
morals, suda.
morass, Inlak.
Moravia, Maran.
Moravian, mdranel.
Moravian, maranik.
Mordacity, 6e?Val.
mordant, beitik.
more, plu.
morning, godel.
morose, todSlik.
morosely, todaliko.
moroseness, todal.
morrow, morfeto. .

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

323

morsel, beitH.

mortal, /ynlik, deilik.

mortal, menik.

mortalitr. deilot.

mortallj-, fuTiiiko.

mo£5, licep.

mossinesj. licepoi.

mossj-, licepik..

mc^, ciotfikun.

mostly, plu ; o/enuno, moefikuno.

mote, ^mofil pifil.

mother, mot.

mother's. molA.

motherhood, mo&\.

motber-in-la-w, lumot, lumot.

motherliness, mo&l.

motherly, motik, (ji-/a/ik).

motion, mnf, mob.

motioB, mohoD.

motive, mob.

motJTity. mof.

mofeto, j^t. piked.

monld, fomod, fom.

monld, yomon.

moulder, fomel.

moult, yunon.

monltuig, yuned.

mount, bel.

m^onnt. xanoa.

moantain, bel.

mountamons. helik.

mounted, p^femol, pepiomol.

mounting, xdned.

monntlet, belH.

mourn, Ixgbn-

mourner, ligel.

moamful, puEk, glutmk..

monznfblly, puEko, glumo.

moumfolness, lugot.

mourning, 'ag, lug.

mouse, mug.

mouse, mugon.

mouth, mud.

mcntbed, mudik.
movable, mu/^ik.
movableness. mufoi.
movables, mchs.
move, mufon
movement, mr.t.
mover, mufti.
much, m«<fiko, modo.
mud, slam,
mud, slamon.

muddied, pe^te'mol, sfdmik.
muddily, slamo, slenik, mictiko.
muddiness, sten, miot.
muddle, kofudzxa.
muddy, sldnak.
mule, mucu/t.
muleteer, mucul:el.
mulish, mucuitik.
multiple, mWnik.
multiples, mani^bdik.
mnliiplicate, maru/bdik.
multiplication, maiu/bdam.
multiplicator, manifoAA.
multipUeity, manifoA..
multiplied, pem/zni/bdol.
multiplier, manifoitl.
multiply, manifcAoia.
multitude, mod.
mummy, mum.
munition, fimod.
murder, molod.
murder, molodon.
murdered, penioY<K/ol.
murderer, molodel.
murdere8agi-nwfo(fel,of-»i5torfel .
murderous, molodik.
murderously, molod\ik.
murmur, mur.
murmur, tmlrou.
murmuring, murol.
murmuringly, miinko.
muse, musof.
muse, siam.

324

GRAMMAE. OF VOLAPuK.

muse, stdmon,

museful, sidmik.

muser, siamel.

music, musig.

musical, musigik.

musically, musigiVo.

musician, musigel.

musing, sidmol,

musingly, sidmlik.

must, mut.

muster, Zo^edon.

mutability, votlikot.

mutable, voiiik, dewoflik.

mutableness, votlikQf.

mutably, votliko,

mutation, vot, votaxa, cein,

cemam.
mute, muedik.
mute, muedel.
mutely, muediik..
muteness, mued.
mutinous, volutik.
mutinously, volutiko.
mutinousness, volutoi.
muting, volut.
mutiny, volutoTH.

mutton, jip.-

mutual, rezipik.

mutuality, rezip.

mutually, rezipVik:,

muzzle, hxmud.

muzzle, zo^ron.

my, ojik, o&a.

myriad, lemorf.

myself, oJok.

mysterious, klana/uZik.

my^eriously, klana/uto.

mysteriousness, klana/itKf^

mystery, klan.

mystic, kldmk.

mystically, hldnVik..

mysticalness, Hanoi

mysticism, . stVSf, kldnQi,

mystification, cit, cita,m.

mystify, citon.

myth, fab.

mythic, fahik.

mythically, /a61ik,/o5o,/aJiko^

mythographer, fabapenel.

mythology, In^'oi^av.

mythologist, lugodmel.

N.

nail, kluf.
nail, klufon.
nailer, klufel.
nailery, klufen.
nail-maker-ifc/an.
naked, niidik.
nakedly, nUdo.
nakedness, niid.
name, nem.
name, nemon.
nameless, nereemik.
namely, os ienos (o. b,),
nap, sUpil.
nap, slipil6n, slipon.

nape, Inn'dkeb.
nappiness, slipbi.
nappy, sUpo, slipiko.
narrate, piiknion., kon6n.
narration, pickut, kon, ifconed.
narrative, piikztik.
narrator, piika,t&\, fco»el.
narrow, nabik.
narrow, ?i«65n.
narrowly, naMik.
narrowness, nab.
nastily, steno, mioto.
nastiness, sten, miot.
nasty, stenik, mioAk.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

325

Jiatal, mo^ofik.
nation, net.
national, netik.
nationalism, net&l.
nationalist, netel.
nationality, neiat.
nationalize, neton.
nationally, nariko.
native, neiik.
native, balpemo^dl.
nativity, moiot.
natural, narik.
naturalism, natal.
naturalist, natel.
naturalization, natnia
naturalize, naton.
naturalized, penaiol
naturally, nariko.
naturalness, nat, nazal,
nature, nat
■naught, nos.
naughtily, netuglik.
naughtiness, ne«w^6f.
naughty, netugik.
nauseate, nau^on.
nauseous, naudik.
nauseously, naudo .
nauseousness, naud, naudoi.
naval, rea/amik,
nave, naf.
navigable, na/ik.
navigableness, na/oi.
navigably, na/ilao.
navigate, nafon
navigation, rea/am.
navigator, nafel.
navy, valiidmeHk, vaelsivaliid.
nay, no.
near, nilu, la.
nearest, nj'Hkiin.
nearly, ti
nearness, nil.
neat, bub.

neat, klinlik.
neatly, Wmliko.
neatness, klinbi, klinloi.
necessarily, zesiido.
necessary, zesud&..
necessitate, mefcadon.
necessitous, zesudik.
necessitously, zesiido.
necessitousness, daleb.
necessity, zesiid, misal.
neck, \anoheb.
necklace, noked.
need, misal, sezvid, ned.
need, nedon, zesiidbn.
needful, zesiidik, dalebik.
needfully, dalebo
needfulness, daleb.
needUy, dalebo,
neediness, ned.
needle, nad
needled, nadik
needless, nez«SK(iik.
needlessly, nszesiido,
needlessness, utzesiid.
needly, zesSrfik.
needy, po/ik.
nefarious, le;'eJ;lik.
nefariously, le/'eHiko.
nefariousness, le;efcof.
negation, reoned.
negative, nesj'am.
negative, nesj'amik, nonelik.
negatively, nonelo, neszamo.
neglect, zog, zo^am, luZeZam.
neglect, X-alelou, zogon.
neglected, pezog'51.
neglecter, zo^el.
neglectful, nerfurik.
neglectfully, mduto.
neglecting, z6go\.
negleotingly, zo^'iko.
negligence, \alet, -a^dut.
negligent, luZerik, nerfurik.

326

GRAMMAB, OF VOLAPUK.

negligently, neduto, laleto.
negotiate, tedoia
negotiation, ieda,m.
negotiator, tede\.
negotiatory, tedelik..
negress, fiMagnji; of-SZajran.
negro, Mdga,n.
neighbour, nzZel.
neighbourhood, nil.
neighbourly, nz7elik.
neither, ni.
nephew, nef.
nerve, nev.
nerve, nevUn.
nervous, newik,
nervously, nevo
nervousness, nevoi.
nest, luhed.
nest, Inhedon
nestle, \nbed6n.
nestling, bodil.
net, filad.
net, filadon.
net, TO/alik.
netty, filadik
neuralgia, miganip.
neuter, neudik.
neuter, nepaZerik.
neutral, neudik, nepaZedk,
neutrality, neud&t.
neutralization, neudsiia.
neutralize, neudon
neutralized, neudik.
neutralizer, neudel.
neutralizing, neudol-
neutrally, neudo, neudiko.
never, nevelo.
nevertheless, deno.
new nulik.
newish, nulik.
newly, lenu, nii.
newness, nul.
news, nul.

newspaper, gased.

newt, lagadl.

next, at, neb.

nib, pen, pun.

nibble, hikrut'dn.

nibbler, hikrute\,

nice, ligedik.

nicely, kuladiko

niceness, kulad, tip'iA.

nicety, liged,

nickel, nieg

nickname, lElnem.

nickname, lanemon.

niece, ot-ne/; ji-ree/.

niggard, monalan.

niggard, /itlik, morealik.

niggardish, fUlik, monalik.

niggardliness, fiil, fiiliii..

niggardly, fulo, monaliko.

nigger, bldga.n.

nigh, nilo, nilix.

night, neit, nedel.

nightingale, galit.

nightish, neitik, nedetik.

nightly, neito, nedelo.

nightly, neito, in Ciino) neit alik^

nimble, skilik, vifik.

nimbleness, skill, vif.

nimbly, sMiko, vifo.

nine, ziil.

ninefold, ziilik.

nineteen, halsezul.

nineteenth, halaeziiliA..

ninetieth, ziilsid.

ninetimes, zulii&,

ninety, ziils.

ninth, ziiliA.

ninthly, za/ido.

ninthpart, zxUdil.

ninthtime, 3«7idna..

niobium, niobin.

nip, beit.

nippers, beitel(s).

liBAjnXAR OF VOLAPUK.

327

nit, puf.

nitty, pufik..

no, no.

nobilitate, baonon.

nobility, baon.

nobilitation, boonaju.

noble, baomik, nobii, manamik.

noble, ^oonel, no&el.

nobleman, haonel, noiel.

nobleness, baoimt.

nobless, no&al.

noblewoman, ji-6aonel.

nobly, ntito.

nobody, nek.

noctamal, tmok.

noctnmaUy, neifo.

nod, vineg

nod, rm^on.

noise, boset.

noisefbl, boseok, Mei&k.

noisily, boselo.

noisiness, bosetot.

noisome, naudSk, riibik.

noisomely, naudo, ddniiik.

noisomeness, naudof, damoi.

noisy, hosedk.

nominal, nemik, tiddik.

nominally, tHido.

nominate, coZon, danemon.

nomination. oaZam, cal, dan«Bi,

danemam.
nominative, kim/aZ.
nominatively, Mmhi{ik)o.
nominator, cafel, danemel.
non-abili^, no-baonof, nekan.
nonagon, zula^u^
nonce, desin.
noncbalance, lindif.
nonchalant, Imdifik.
none, nonik.
non-existence, nosiftjn.
non-existent, noBifttnik.
nonsen.se, tasian.

nonsensical, ta£«uiik.
nonsensically, ta^idno.
noodle, JxxcU, st^pei.
nook, Innokeb, gul.
noon, zendel.
noonday, zendel.
noontide, zendeZ.
noose, jainH.
nor, nL
norittm, noin.
normal, nontik.
normally, nooilik, nomo.
iforman, noludel.
Normandia, Norman.
North, nolud.
North-east. nolnfc/6d.
North-east, nolfii^<fik.
North-easterly, nolale/Sdo.
North-eastern, folulefti^k.
North-eaitwaid, nolnle/idstveA.
Northerly, noludo.
Northern, iwle£k.
yorth-pelar, nolfidapozak.
North-pole, noludapoc.
North-Sea, NoludamW.
Northward, nottrved.
Northwardly, noluce^ZUk.
Northwards, nolucedl.
North-west, uoAvesud.
North-west, nolucestufik.
North-westerly, nolnvesutki.
North-western, nolnces^^fik.
North-westward, noiucesudaved.
Norway, Norveg.
Norwegian, nomegfA..
Norwegian, norvegik.
nose, nnd.
nosed, nu<fik.
not, no.

notabene, notam.
notability, makab, Z'liyi. dunoi,

cad.
notable, makdbik. ca<fik.

328

GRAMMAE OF VOLAPUK.

notable, zilik, durak.
notableness, makab,z278f,d«rabf.

cad.
notably, makdbo, caido.
notation, noted, supenam, veiit.
note, penedA, noted,
note, noted, noiam, noat.
note, noet, notiif.
note, nodt, noeion, notufon.
note-book, noiedaiuk.
noted, famik.
notedly, famlik, pato.
notedness, fam.
notelet, notiifil, noeiil.
noter, notiifA.
noteworthy, mahalnk.
nothing, nos.

nothingness, nonbf, smaZnBf.
notice, noted, noted, lenun, not.
" notice, loegon, seniton.
■iiotifloation, not.
notify, noten.

notion, suemal, suem&A, dol,
notional, dblik. .
notoriety, not, peseu.
notorious, peseuik, notik.
notoriously, pesewo, noriko.
notoriousness, net, peseu.
notwithstanding, deno.
nought, nos
noun, subsat.
nourish, nuludon.
nourisher, nuliidel.
nourishment, fid, nuliid.
novel, nul, konei.
novel, nulik.
novelist, fconel.
novelty, niil.
November, novul.
novercal, lumorik.
novice, nul&b.
novitiate; tiAntim
novity, nul.

now, Skdelo.
nowadays, tucieZo.
noway, leno, -aovigo.
nowhere, negeo.
nowise, nowe^o, leno.
noxious, rfamik, poligik.
noxiously, ddmo, ddm\lik,dS,rmko.
noxiousness, damoi
nozzle, hxmud.
nubilate, ^unon.
nubile, manlik.
nndation, nild&m..
nude, niidik.
nudity, nfid.
nugacity, smalnot.
nugatory, smoZnik.
nuisance, bolad.
nuisancer, holadel.
null, nosik, nonik.
nullification, nosasuTOam.
nullifler, nosaswmel.
nullify, nosaswroon.
nullity, nonof, smalnoi.
numb, nesenik.
number, num. mod, niim.
number, suamom., n«mon.
numberer, numai, numel.
numberless, nen«mik.
numbness, nesen.
numerable, numik.
numeral, numamafc.
numerally, numik.
numeration, numam.
numerator, numel, numsl.
numero, num.
numerous, modik.
numerously, morflik, m'ddo.
numerousness, modot.
nun, of-rorfel.
nunnery, -vomsikleud.
nunnish, oi-rodelik.
nuptial, marik.
nurse, malada,kale\..

GRAMMAR 01' VOLAPuK.

329

nurse, kalon.
nursery, seminad.
nursing, fcaiam, kal.
nurture, fid, nulud.
nurture, fidon, nulicdon.

nut, not.

nutriment, fid, nulud.
nutrimental, nulMik.
nut-tree, nbtsMm.
nutty, nodk.

o! o!

oak, golog.

oaken, gologik.

oakling, ^oZo^il.

oaky, gologik.

oar, gub.

oar, gubon.

oarsman, gubel.

oary, ^u61ik.

oat(s), zab.

oat-cake, zabskkeJc.

oaten, zabik.

oath, ynl.

obduracy, swrfal.

obdurate, suddlik.

obdurately, surfaliko.

obdurateness, sudal.

obedience, lobed.

obedient, lobedili.

obediently, lobedilio, lobedlik.

obelisk, meha,mal.

obey, lobedon.

object, yeg, din, desin, desan.

objector, toel.

objurgate, blamoji.

objurgation, blam, blamaxa.

obligation, bliga,ia.

oblige, bligbn

obliging, bligils..

obligingly, bliglik.

oblique, slobih.

obliquely, sloblik.

obliqueness, slob.

obliquity, slob,
obliterate, nosasumou.
obliteration, nosaswman.
oblivion, foget.
oblivious, fogetik.
obliviously, fogetMli..
obliviousness, fogetof.
oblong, liped.
oblong, lipedik, no^ik.
obscene, nepiieSk, nesJsdlik.
obscenely, nepUedlik..
obsceneness, nepuedoi.
obscenity, nepiied, nesiidlbt
obscuration, rfa^am.
obscure, dagils., daegik.
obscure, dagon, neitbn.
obscurely, dagMk.
obscureness, daeg, dag.
obscurity, daeg, dag.
observable, konsidik.
observably, konsidlik.
observance, senit.
observancy, senit.
observant, seniAk.
observantly, seniJlik.
observation, loeg&Tsx, senitam.
observator, loeg^V
observatory, loegop.
observe, loegaa, seniton, no/edon .
observer, loegel, senitA, notedel.
observing, senitik.
observingly, senitiko.
obsolete, bdleiSk.

330

GKAMMAB, OT VOLAPUK.

obaoletely, halediko.
obsoleteness, haledoi.
obstacle, \i&let
obstinacy, diifa^.
obstinate, (K/ugik.
obstinately, d'iifwgo.
obstinateness, diifng.
obstruct, ne.'eibn.
obstruction, nelet, neieiam tup-

am.
obstructive, ne^erik.
obstructively, Tueleto.
obtain, meliton, vdhUn.
obtainable, melitik, vobik.
obtainment, mefeVam.
obtainer, melitei, vobel.
obtrude, surf/cmon,
obtruder, sudtonel.
obtrusion, sndlanoi
obtrusive, sudlanbSk.
obtrusively, surffanoilik.
pbtund, stupHn.
obtuse, nettpik.
obtusely, netipo.
obtuseness, mued,
obtusion, stupum.
obvious, kliilik.
obviously, Idtiliko.
obviousness, klul,
occasion, pot.
occasion, kodon.
occasional, potik.
occasionally, poto.
occupant, ZaJamel.
occupation, labaxa.
occupier, ^eZ;el, label.
occupy, ^eJon
occur, zitiin, zidim, Jenon.
occurrence, zid.
ocean, -volsimel.
oceanic, volameHk.
octagon, jol&gul.
octagonal jolaz/uZik.

octave, JolM, musiga/ottif, spa-

Aajolat.
octavo, spada/oZuf.
octet, JolvLia.
October, otul.
octillion, joliom.
October-otulik (adj.)
odd, netelik, seledmk.
oddity, selednoi.
oddly, seledniko, seledlik.
oddness, selednQf.
odious, "^erik.
odiously, "^eriko.
odiousness, '^etoi.
odivini, 'et.
odorate, vdpils..
odorous, vapik.
odorously, vdpMk.
odorousness, vdpoi.
odour, vap.
Oeral, Ural,
of, fon.
off, mo ! mo/Q ! yi ! (be off)

nebo.
off . . . mo ... do . . .
offence, skan, nof,
offend, skanon, nof(m.
offender, no/el, sfcanel.
offending, skanol, rao/ik.
offendress, ji-nofel; of-no/el, ji-

skanA, of-sfcanel.
offensive, no/ik.
offensively, noAko.
offensiveness, skano\.
offer, lof, vitim.
offer, Zo/bn, vitimon.
offered, Zo/ik.
offerer, Zo/el.
offering, Zo/ik.
office, cal; konod.
officer, caZel, fizir.
official, caZik, Zopofik.
officious,. diinawjVik.

GBAinrXH, OF VOLAVflK.

331

oflSciously, diinawiVo.

officiousuess, dunauiiSf.

offspring, sutels.

oft, ofen.

often, ofen.

oftentimes, ofen.

ofttimes, ofen.

oh! o!

oil, leiil.

oU, leUlon.

oiled, le^ili^i..

oiler, leSlel.

oiliness, leiilot.

oily, leiilmk.

oint, smivon.

ointment, smiv.

old, oonik, bakdH.

olden, baledi]s..

oldish, baledli^.

oldness, bdledat.

olive, leulaa/?ufc; leiila&im.

omelet, meled.

omen, himak.

ominous, ne«anlik.

ominously, nesanliko.

ominousness, nesanldf.

omission, zog, 'zo^am,

omissive, zogii:.

omit, zogQn.

omnibus, mofib.

omnipotence, \emek, levalud.

omnipotent, levaliidik, lemekA.

on, su.

once, balna.

one, bal.

oneness, balanum.

onerate, lodon, boladbn.

onerous, boladik.

onerously, boladlik,

only, te to.

onset, begin.

onsetting, begma,m.

onward, hived, fSi.

onwards, hivedo ! t'ojo !
open, manifik.,
open, manifon.
opener, manifel.
opening, damanz/am.
openly, manifik.
openess, manif.
opera, loiJ.
opera, lopik.
operable, dunlik.
operant, wo6ik, vobadik.
operate, vobon.
operatic, ^opip.
operation, voJadam.
operative. i7o&adik, vuhi'i.
operatively, yofeadlik.
operator, oofcadel.
opine, niludon.
opinion, ced, niludti.n\.
opponent, tael.

oppoi-tvine, sfe'/ik, fdyik, p66k.
opportunely, poto, fiigo.
opportuneness, p'dtbi.
opportunity, pot.
oppose, tap/jion.
opposed, tajoKfcik.
opposer, fael.
opposing, (aelik.
opposite, taik, viso, vi=ii.
ojipositely, tao, voto.
oppositeness, ta/zafcof.
opposition, naud, tadunam, .
oppositive, taik, ta.
oppress, leperfon.
oppressed, lepedik.
oppression, leperf, lepet/am.
oppressive, lepcdik.
oppressively, leperfiko.
oppressiveness, \epedoi.
oppressor, lepec/el.
opprobrious, /emodik.
opprobriously, jemodVik.
opprobriousness, yemodof

^32

GRAMMAR or VOLAPUK.

oppobrium, jemoA.
oppugn, feiton.
oppugnancy, /etiam
oppugnant, feitik.
optative, vipahid.
-optic, Zo^'adik,
optics, logamax.
optically, Zo^'adiko.
optician, logamikel.
option, val.
optional, uaZik.
optionally, vdlo.
opulence, lieg.
opulent, liegik.
opulently, nezesiidiko, liego.
or, va; u, ud.
oral, mwrfik.
orally, mudo, sago.
orange-oran.
orangetarang, lin&Zoraik.
oration, ptik, sag.
orator, piikel.
oratorial, pUkik,
oratorially, puko.
oratory, plekarfom.
oratress, ji-pUkel; of-pukel.
orb, zilak, zilag.
orb, zilagHn.
orbed, glopik.
ordain, calon, biidou.
ordained, sfa'/amik.
ordainer, stitumel.
ordaining, stitam, stit,
order, biid.
order, biidon.
order, leod, rod, rSd.
orderer, biidel.
ordering, biida.m, bud.
orderless, neleodik.
orderlessness, neleodot
orderly, leodik.
ordinal, leodik.
ordinance, leod, plog.

ordinary, rodel.
ore, miin.
organ, gel.
organ-builder, gelel.
organic, noganik.
organically, noganhk.
organist, ^eZan.
organization, nogana,va.
organize, noganbn.
organized, noganik.
orient, lefiid.
oriental, lefUd'Anel.
orientalist, lefSdel.
orientalize, lefiidanon.
orientation, lefiidsim.
orifice, mud.
origin, rig.

original, rigik, riga,Aik.
originality, rz^'adof.
originally, n^'adlik.
originate, rigon, vedon.
origination, rigum, ved
originator, vedel, rigel
ornament, dek.
ornamental, dekik.
ornamentally, deko.
ornamentation, ' dekaja.
ornamented, dekik.
ornamentist, deksi.
ornate, dekik.
ornately, dekiik
orologist, Jeiavel.
orology, bel&Y.
orphan, nepal.
orthography, lotogaf
ostentation, luglol.
ostentious, inglolik.
ostentiously, higlolo.
ostentiousness, iagloloi.
other, worik, teliA, wodm,uodmik.
otherwise, voto.
ought, bos.
our, o6es, o6is, oftsik.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

333

oursdf, obsot,

ourselves, oftsok.

out ! mo ! niofo ! yi !

out, se.

outcry, luvoiem.

outdo, lovbn, sevokon.

outdoors, se.

outer, sene(Sk, se.

outerly, latuno.

outermost, plakuno, levemo.

outlet, aegolajn, kosit.

outrage, leno/.

outraged, le«o/ik.

outrageous, lenofik.

outrageously, lenoflik.

outrageousness, leno/'of.

outside, selamk.

outwart, senedik.

outwardly, senedlik.

outwardness, senedoi.

outwaxds, senecSk.

oval, liped.

oval lipe£k, no^ik.

ovally, Upedo, no^lik.

oven, ton,

over, love..., tu..., plu... le...

overcharge, taholadon.

overcharged, iiaholadik.

overflow, bundanon, love^umon.

overflowing, love^ujnik, hun-

darak.
overfull, tnfulik.
overhang, slop5n.
overhastily, spido, spid&no.
overhastiness, taspidot.
overhasty, tuspafik.
overheat, love^onon, tu/on(5n.
overheated, tu/onik.

overjoy, legal.
oveijoT, le^a'Bn.
overload, \oyelodon.
overloaded, love/orfik.
overlook, loveZo^on, luZe^on.
overlooker, luletel.
overlooking, lutool.
overmaster, \emasel.
overrate, tadivou.
overrated, UiditAk.
overreach, lo/on; liinamon.
overrun, love^umon.
overshadow, love/'adon.
overshadower, love/adel.
overshadowing, love;o(fik.
oversight, luletain.
overthrow, distukon, vikodm.
overthrower, distukeV.
overture, mob.
overturn, tometon.
overtumer, Tiosel.
overturning, nosik.
overweight, tavdt.
overwork, tuuoJSn.
owe, dehon.
owing, debik.
owl, liil.
owler, sZupel.
owlet, mill.
owlish, lulik.
own, okik, lonik.
own, lasewSn, lenlonbn.
owner, label.
ox, xol.
oxj'gen-ziidin.
oyster, "^uit.
oysterbeard, 'uitaJa//ft.

P.

pace, step,
pace, le«iep6n.

pacer, lesiepel.
Pacific, Stilame/.

334

(111A.MMAH or V0LA1>UK.

pacific, piidik.

pacifically, piido, piidiko.

pacification, piidani, sftVam,

pacificator, piideX.

pacifier, piidel, kotenel.

pacify, kotenon, piidm, stiion.

pack, pak.

pack, pakon.

package, pakem.

packed, -pepdkHl.

packer, pakel.

packet, paked.

packet, fiiikil, pafcedil.

pad, saed.

pad, futoxi.

padder, lapine:\.

paddle, gulj.

paddle, gubon.

padlock, fcjfcam.

padlock, kikon.

page, bled, flan.

page, hledon

pageant, magif.

pageant, \\imagifik.

pageantry, lumagifen.

pain, dol.

pain, tomba, vexadon.

painful feofat^ik, doKk.

painfull}', rfoZiko.

paintulness, fikul.

pains, tob

paint, kel.

paint, panon.

painted, panik.

painter, panel.

painting, pdnoi.

paintress, ji-/)finel, of-panel.

pair, telel, pal.

pair, palon,

palace, ledom.

jjalanquin, polasfaZ.

palate, smek.

palatial, lerfomik.

palatial, magifik., glolik..
palaver, lupiikot
palaver, \upiik6xi.
palaverer, hipiikel.
pale, neledik.
pale, budon.
palely, neledo
paleness, neM.
paling, budol
palish, ne/edlik.
pall, hijop&mdned.
pall, lesatbn.
pallid, TudediV.
pallidly, ntledo.
pallidness, n&led.
palm, pam.

palm-tree, pamafctm. J

palm, ciiton.
palmer, pok&Ti.
palmary, ciit.
papable, senlik.
papably, senliko.
palpitate, nofcon, trilory.
palpitating, nofcik.
palpitation, nofcam.
palsy, flap,
palter, nes/urfSn.
palterer, nestodel.
paltrily, po/liko.
paltriness, bap.
paltry, po/lik, komumk..
pamper, zadon.
pampered, lUxam\iV.
pampering, 3arfam.
pamphlet, pam.
pamphleteer, vifapereadel.
pan, gef.
pancake, meled.
pang, dol, tlep, tom.
pang, tomm.
panic, jek.
pant, Xunatemon..
panter, stag.

GRAMMAR 01' VOLAPiiK.

pantry, lebog.

papa, pap, fat.

papacy, pnpah.

papal, papik.

papalize, ^ojoikon.

papally, ^opiko, papo.

pape, pap.

paper, pop.

paper-hanger, tdpel.

paper-hangings, tap.

papering, tdpol.

paper-maker, popafahliidcX.

paper- manufactorVipopa/hSiaJa!.

paper-mill, popajn;;^

papilio, pah.

parade, Inmagif, magif.

paradigm, paradim.

paradise, palad.

paragraph, hagaf.

paragraphic, haga/ik.

paragraphically, bagafo.

parallel, leigaiien.

parallel, leigaZ?enik.

parapet, hud.

parapeted, JuaSk,

parcel, pakil.

parch, sigon.

parching, s^ik. sigol.

pard, leaf.

pardon, fog to.

pardon, {ogivon

pardonable, fog'iBik.

pardouableness, Sigivbi.

pardonably, fo^iwo.

parent, pael.

parentege, gen.

parental, fatik, paelik, i/jwrik.

paring, jal.

Paris, Paris.

parish, pad.

parish, pa£k.

parishioner, parfeL

Parisian, PSmel.

paritor, nuuel.

parity, leig.

parley, musani.

parley, musaimn.

parlour, visil&cem

parochial, paidik.

parochialize, pddon.

parochially, pado.

parody, lepen. '

parol, murfik.

parole, stimauorf.

parricidal, fatawjotorfik.

parricide, fat&mblod.

parse, diliman.

parsing, diimam.

parson, pi-edA, pddel.

parsonage, pad.

parsonic, pddelik.

parsonish, pddelH.

part, dil.

part, dilon

part, teilon: livon.

partage, &7am, diloi.

partaker, kerfitedel.

partaking, fetonam.

parted, fogik.

parter, rf(7el, teilel.

partial dilo, paleAV.

partialist, paletA.

partiality, paletbi.

partially, dilo.

partibility, diloi.

partible, rf/flk.

participate, diliAon

participation, dili^bi.

participative, dilid.

participator, fcopanal, kopuna\,

kadilidel.
participial, ladyekaftidik.
participialize, ladyekaft/rfon.
participially, ladyekaftirfo.
participle, ladyekaAirf.
particle, dilil.

336

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

particular, patik.
particularity, pat, daSaZod.
particularize, detHlon.
particularly, pato, ^adko.
parting, dil&m..
parting, teilam, teil.
partisan, ziipel.
partisanship, ziipeliig.
partition, dilam.
partition, dilon.
partitive, &7ik, dilbl.
partly, dilik.
partner, kediledel.
partner, kopan&l.
partnership, fcopanef.
party, palet.
pas, step,
pass, belaloveg.
pass, /enon, zidon, loYegoloyi.
passable, golik.
passably, goliko.
passage, zid.
passenger, tdvel.
passer, zilag.
passibility, sufam.
passible, se«ik.
passing, levem.
passion, UedoA.
passionate, 'zftk, Kerfodik.
passionately, 'itiko.
passionateness, 'ital.
passive, sufikfomik.
passively, sufo, sM/iko.
passivit}'", suf&va..
pass-key, glekik.
passless, neue^ik.
passport, tavsipenoA.
password, g!da,vdd.
past, iegolug.
past, efe^oZSl.
paste, klebon.
pastor, padel, fepel.
pastorage, pad.

pastoral, padelik., lanedik,

pastorship, padelacoZ.

pastry, bakoi.

pasturage, meid, balad.

pasture, meid, balad.

pasture, meidon.

pat, flapil.

pat, flapon, nokon.

patch, flabH.

patch, Iximekon.

patched, lumefcik.

patcher, lumefcel.

pate, kap; glop.

patent, pat.

patent, ^a^on.

patented, pdAk.

patentee, pai&n.

patent-holder, pdtel.
paternal, /atik.
paternally, /ato, /ariko,
paternity, fatef.
path, SToasiveg.
path, smaue^on, kulon.
pathless, nefaZik.
pathway, futauejr, smaveg.
patience, sufad.
patient, su/adik.
patiently, sufado.
patriot, fatanel.
patriotic, fatdnelik.
patriotically, fatdnelo
patriotism, fatdnalot,
patrol, zilek&g, galeva.
patrol, zilekSigoTL.
patron, Jelel,
patronage, jel.
patroness, ji-jele\; oi-jelel.
patronize, JeWn.
patronizer, jehl. „

pattern, sam, fbm.
pattern, samBn, fomon.
pattern-maker, fomel.
pause, paud.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

537

pave, siiton.

paved, pesKJol.

paver, siiiel.

pavilion, tened.

pavilion, tenedoTo..

paw, ral.

pawn; pan.

pawn, ^anon.

pawnbroker, panam.

pawnbroking, ^ananam.

pawner, panel.

pay, pel.

pay, pelon.

payer, pelel.

paymaster, pelal.

payment, pel, peZam.

pea, peil.

peace, piid.

peaceable, padik.

peaceableness, pudM.

peaceably, pudiko, pUdo.

peaceful, pfidik.

peacefully, pudiiko, piido.

peacefulness, taked, pudbi.

peaceless, nepiiffik.

peace-maker, pttdel.

peacock, paf.

peahen, ji-paf

peak, piin, sped.

peal, glokeTo..

peal, glok&a..

pear, bun.

pearl, magab.

pearl, magabon.

pearl-diver, majrafiafitel.

pearled, magdbik.

pearly, magaiik.

peasant, felel. meyel.

peasant-like, /eZelik.

peculiar, paAi., lonik.

peculiarity, Zonug, iabaloA, pat.

pecnliarize, deiiilon.

peculiarly, pato.

ped, ■p'&a.baset.
pedant, pleidik.
pedantic, pleidlik.
pedantically, ^Ze;VZliko.
pedantry, pleid.
peel, jal.
peel, jalon.
peeled, j'alik.
peeler, Jalel.
peep, loged.
peep, Zo^edon.
peeper, Zo^'edel.
peep-hole, loga.'^og.
peer, baonei.
peer, ftaonelon ■
peeress, ji-ftoonel.
peerless, nefeZe?^ik.
peerlessly, neieleigo.
peerlessness, nefeZe^.
peevish, todSlik, lezunik.
peevishly, todaMko, lezuno.
peevishness, todSl, leruncif.
peg, piin.
pegged, piirak.
Peloponnesian, Pelopdnik.
Peloponnesus, Felopan.
pelt, skin, skun.
pen, pen.
pen, penoix.
penal, ponik.
penally, poniko.
penalty, pon.
penance, ponaA, pijn.
pencil, pensit, stib.
pencil, pensitbn.
pencil, gliv.
pencilled, pensitik.
pencilling, pensit&ui.
pendency, slop,
pendent, slupik.
pendulous, Idgdl.
pendulum, pendiil.
penetrate, dndlanoa.

22

338

GEAMMAE OF VOLAPUK.

penetrating, durftonik.
penetratingly, Andlano.
penetration, dutftenam,
penetrative, durftonik.
pen-holder, penafcip.
penitence, poraadof, pSnit,
penitent, ponitik.
penitent, ponitel.
penitential, ponitik, ponadik.
penitentially, ponadiko ponado.
penitentiary, koefastoZ.
penitently, ponito, ponado.
penknife, penanciy.
pen-maker, penamefcel.
penman, penel.
penned, penik.
pension, baledamon.
pension, baledamonon.
pensionary, baledamonel.
pensioned, baledamoraik.
pensioner, b'aledamonel.
pensive, ^Zwrnalik.
pensively, glumalo.
pensiveness, glumsl.
pentagon, lulagul.
pentagonal, lula^'wHk.
pentagonally, lula^uZo.
penurious, spalxiik.
penurioualy, spaiZniko.
penuriousness, spalndi.
penury, daleb.
people, net, pop.
people, netorx.
peopled, netik.
pepper, pep.
pepper, pepon.
peppered, pepik.
peppery, ^eplik.
per, a.

peraventure, bo, ba.
perambulate, duspa^on.
perambulation, Anspatsbm.
perambulator, duspa^el, cil&vah.

perceivable, senitik.
perceivably, senito.
perceive, semffin.
perceived, pese/itVSl.
perceiver, senzVel.
percent, Aotum.
perceptibility, suem, suemal.
perceptible, suenak.
perceptibly, suemo.
perception, suem, sen, senam.
perceptive, senik, senitSs..
perceptivity, sereo, s«reiko, senito.
perchance, bo, ba.
percolate, sulon.
percolation, swZam
percolator, sul.
perdition, nib, Tcodemvh.
perdu, Mrael.

peremptorily, fmmo. codsXo.
peremptoriness, film,
peremptory, funak, co(Zatik.
perfect, le/uZik.
perfect, \efulxm., le/uZamon.
perfecter, le/«Zel.
perfectibility, \eful.
perfectible, le/«Zik.
perfection, \&ful, le/uZam,
perfectionism, le/uZamlof.
perfectionist, leyuZamel,
perfective, le/uZamik.
perfectively, le/«Zamo.
perfectly, le/wZiko.
perfectness, leful.
perfidious, nefiediik.
perfidiously, ne^etiiko.
perfidiousness, nefied,
perfidy, nejied.
perforate, 'o^on.
perforated, '^05'ik.
perforation, '^o^am.
perform, duinoa.
performable, duinik.
performance, dunxia.

GRAMMAK OF VQLAPUK.

339

performer, dunel.
performing, diinik.
perfume, vap.
perfume, rapon.
perfttmed, ■pevapol.
perfumer, vdpel.
perfumery, ripen,
peril, poiig-
perilons. poliffik.
perilously, poligo.
perilousness, poltgof.
period, tup.
X)eriodic, tiipik.
periodically, sotimo, tUpo.
periphery, zum.
perish, deilon
perishahility, van, deSoi.
perishahle, vamik, deilik.
perishableness, van, deiloi.
perishably, vano, deilo
perished, edeilol-
perishing, deilik.
perishment, deS&ja
periwig, "^eiad.
peqore. 'olayuion-
perjured, '^olayulik
perjurer, 'olayufel.
perjury, "^olayui.
perk, lutfeiton.
perk, bloton.
permanence, dul-
permanent, dulik.
permanentlv, dulo.
permission, \ulet, let. InZe^am.
permissive, luiefik, ferik.
permissively, Ifiteo.
permit, luieion, d/ilon.
permit, dal-
permitter, Infefel, dalel.
pernicious, ruMk.
pemiciotKly, ru6iko, rubo.
pemicionsness, ruboi, rid.
perpend, Iconsidon.

perpendicular, pendik.
perpendicularity, pendikot.
perpendicularly, pendiko.
perpetrate, dunon.
perpertration, tfunam.
perpetrator, dunel.
perpetual, ai. . . ; nezecSk, lereli^.

perpetually, ai ; levelo. egelo,

valimo.
perpetuate, tenalon.
perpetuation, tenafctm.
perpetuity, tenal
perplex, femik.
perpexed, pe/emol.
perplexedly, j'emo, kofudo.
perplexedness, jem^f.
perplexing, Jemik, kofudoi.
perplexingly, jemo, kofudo.
perplexity, jemoi. dev.
perquisition, laramam.
perquisitor, learaniel.
perseverance, lerfuZam.
persevere, \edul6n.
persevering, le<fuHk.
perseveringly, ledu/o.
Persia, Persan.
Persian ^ersanel.
Persian, persanik
persist, ledu?on
persistence, dufug.
persistent, rfu/ugik, lerf«/ik.
persistingly, dufogo.
peisistive, ledulik.
person, posed,
personage, posod.
personal, posorSk.
personality, posodoi.
personalize, posodon.
personally, posodo.
personate, fugoD.
personation, fUga-ra.
personification, p6sodani7«</.
personify, posodon

:J40

GBAMMAB. OP VOLAPiiK.

perspective, ingaglat.
perspicixous, fcapalnik.
perspicuously, ^opalniko.
perspicuousness, tapalnof.
perspiration, suet,
perspirative, suerik.
perspiratory, sucilik.
perspire, suetoxi.
persuadable, suadi]s:,
.persuade, suadon-
persuader, suadel.
persuasibility, suadal.
persuasible, suadik.
persuasibleness, suadQi.
persuasion, suad, suadaia.
persuasive, suadik.
persuasively, suado.
persuasiveness, suadoi.
pert, vifik.
pertain, <e/5n.
perterebration, dujmam.
pertinacious, kinik..
pertinaciously, kiniko.
pertinence, kin.
pertinent, kimk.
pertinently, kiniko.
pertinentness, fanam.
pertly, vifo.
, pertness, vif, vifni.
perturbance, tup
perturbation, tupsxa.
perturbater, tape!.
peruke, '^e/ad.
peruke-maker, ^elA,
perusal, duZi'torfam.
peruse, AMliladon.
jiervade, durftonon.
pervading, iiadlamk.
pervasion, durf'aftam.
pervasive, durftorak.
perverse, rfii/ugik.
perversely, dUfwgo.
perversenesa, suda\, vad.

perversion, vota^etem.

perversity, swdal, viid.

pervert, JaiJon, gehon.

perverted, -pebatol.

perverter, batel.

pervertible, voAik.

perverting, hatsaa.

pervious, Aadlanlik.

pessimist, badliVel.

pester, vexadbn, tombn.

pesterer, tomel, vexadel,

pestiferous, lu^caHk.

pestiferously, lupa^-o.

pet, Ibf'ab.

pet, zadoa.

petition, beg.

petition, begon, bekbn, Aahegbn..

petitionarily, begik, JeHk.

petitionary, leie^ik.

petitioner, plekel, lebege\.

petitioning, lefte^ik.

petrifaction, festonam.

petrifactive, iestonik.

petriflable, fesionlik.

petrific, fes^onik.

petrification, festonam.

petrified, fesioreik.

petrifier, festonel.

petrify, fesZonon.

petrifying, fesifonol.

petroleum, talnleiil.

petted, zadik.

pettily, zadiiko

pettiness, smalnbt, piilbf, piiL

pettish, &/ugik.

pettishly, dufxigo

pettishness, diifag.

petty, palik, p^lofik.

petulance, yof.

petulant, yo/'ik.

petulantly, yofo.

pew, glngaiam.

pewter, tinin.

GEAMMAK OF VOLAPiiK.

341

phiintaay, zehumajad.
phantom, spuk, lu^iXal
pbarisaism, ladevod, simul.
pharisean, lurfei-orfik, simu/it.
Pharisee , ladevodel, simulel.
pharmaceutic, meimavik
pharmacentically, medinavo.
pharmaceutics, m.edina,Y.
pharmaceutist, merfmavel.
pharmacy, medinamigakan.
Philadelphia, Filadelfia
Philadelphia!!, filadelfialik.
philanthropic, menajlemk.
"philanthropically, mena/Zeno.
philanthropist, menafien
philanthropy, menalof.
philomel, galit.
philosopher, filosopel.
philosophic, filosopih.
philosophically, JilosopiVo.
philosophize, jilosopon.
philosopher, filosopel
philosophy, filosop, sopav.
philter, lofarf/m.
philter, lofatfZmadon.
phlegm, slim,
phlegmatic, sZimik.
phlegmatically, sUmo, sZmiko.
phlegmaticly, slimMk.
phosphorate, fosinon.
phosphorated, /osiniV
phosphoric, /osmik,
phosphorous, fosinik.
phosphorus, fosin.
photograph, fologaf^A.
photographer, fologa/A.
photographic, fotogafiV.
photographist, fotoga/A.
photography, fotogaf ,/o%a/en .
phrase, set

phrase, n«mon, i&pukon..
phrensy, vut.
physic, M/am.

physical mei^inik, sa?ielik.
physically, saneliko, naiaviko.
physician, sanel, medvoA.
physics, naiav, fusiid.
physiognomist, Zot^odavel
physiognomy, Zo^odav.
physiologic, naiavik
physiologically, naiavo.
physiologist, naiavel
physiology, nat.
pianist, ^tanofodel
pianino, pianva.
piano, pj'anofod.
piano-forte, pianoioA.
pick, fok.

pick, uaton, seuaKn, spinow.
picked, piimk

picker, spin, sewaiel
picking, spimk, %eva,l6\-
pickle, piton.
pickled, pi6k.
Plot, piktel

pictish, pikleKk..

pictorial, le/onik.

pictorially, le/ono.

Plots, pictels.

pictural, panot.

picture, panot.

picture, pdnon.

pictured, ^anik.

picturesque, magiftk., le/onik.

picturesquely, magi/o \tjbno.

picturesqueness, magif, le/iin.

piece, samaA, dil.

pierce, "^o^ou.

pierceable, durftanik.

piercer, gim,

piercing, gimik-

pig, svin.

pig, svinon.

pigeon, ji-pejin

pigeon-breasted, U'6lo\.

piggish, svimk.

342

GBAMMAE, OP VOLAPiiK.

pilaster, lekolilm.

pilastered, \ekdtiimik.

pile, knm.

pile, 'el.

pile, kumon.

pilfer., ft/on

pilfered, pefaysl.
■pilferer, tifel.

pilfery, tifen.

piling, fcumik.

pill, j'alon.

pillage, lapin.

pillager, lapinel.

pillar, koliim.

pillared, kdliimik.

pilot, na/an.

pilol, gubiin.

piloting, gubum.

pinch, tabakeiii.

pinch-, tomon, vexadon.

pincher, tomel.

pinching, tomik,

pinchingly, tomo, tomiko.

pine, pein.

pine, pemik.

pining, c/esz(/am.

pinion, flitadil.

pink, lopun, tipnn.

pink, neWik.
-pink, vinegQxi..

pinnacle, kren, tipvn

pinner, /epel, jipA.

piny, peimk.

pious, cZeuorfik.

piously, devodo, devodi^o.

pip, mak.

pip, gnkon.

pipe, pip, rud ; feif.

pipe, feif on.

piper, feijA.

piping, /ej/ik.

piracy, me/aftyen.

pirate, lapinon.

pirate, lapinel.
piratic, lapinik,
piratical, lapinik.
piratically, lapino.
piss, XviVai.
piss, hwat'on,
piston, su^rel.
pit, \edih; Sep.
pitch, pioin
pitch, pidnon, j'edon.
pit-coal, storiiOkolat.
piteous, keliedik.
piteously, keliediko.
piteousness, kelied.
pith, ker.
pithy, kerik.
pitiable pidik.
pitiableness, pidnm.
pitiably, pidiko.
pitiful, pidik, yamik.
pitifully, pidiko.
pitifulness, pidaxa, yamava.
pitiless, nepidik.
pitilessly, nepidiko.
pitilessness, nepid.
pity, pid, yam.
pity, ^t^on, yamiin,
pityingly, ^pidiko.
place, plad.
place, pladon.
placer, pladel.
placid, piidik.
placidly, piidiko.
plaoidness, pudoi.
placidity, piidoi.
plague, vexad.
plague, vexadon.
plagueful, vexadik.
plaguily, b'diado.
plaguy, Voladik.
plain, fcamik, plenik.
plainly, famiko.
plainness, kam, plen.

GRAMMAB OF VOLAPuK.

343

plaint, plon, yam,

plaintfull, plonik, yamik.

plaintiff, plonel,

plaintive, plonik, yamik.

plaintively, ploniko, yamo.

plaintiveness, plonioi yambi.

plait, plif.

plait, plif on.

plaited, plifik.

plan, desan, desin.

plan, desdnon.

planch, boed, flul.

plancher, boedel.

plancher, boeda^2un.

plajie, rabot.

plane, raboton.

planed, rahotik.

planer, rabotel.

planet, planet.

planetary, planetik.

plank, boed, flnl.

plank, hoed&a.

planky, hoedik.

planner, desan&i.

plant, keb. plan.

plant, planon.

plantation, pZanam.

planted, planik.

planter, planA.

planting, plan2ja.

plash, fiv, InZaHl.

plash, ^»on.

plashy, ^uik.

plaster, giip.

plaster, giipon.

plastered, giipik.

plasterer, gapel.

plastering, giipaxn.

plat, flok.

plate, plat.

plate, platan, sitefon, silinon.

plated, pladk, silefik.

platform, skaf.

plating, silifsiVD., plataxa..

platy, plalrik.

plaudit, yub.

planaibility, InZefof.

pausible luierik.

plausibleness, Viletoi.

plausibly, \\ileto.

plausive, laseiak.

play, pled

play, pledon.

player, pledel.

play-feUow, pledasoyel.

playful, ple<Sk.

playfully, pledo.

playfulness, pledoi.

playing, pleden.

playmate, pledaso^el.

playsome, pledik.

playsomeness, pleda.1.

plaything, v\eia,din.

plea, pozet, s&kusad.

plead, pozeton.

plead, disputbn.

pleader, pozetel.

pleading, pozeten.

pleasant, galik.

pleasantly, gdlo.

pleasantness, galal.

pleasantry, cog.

pleage, pliid.

please, plidon.

pleaser, plidel. luZoftel.

pleasing, lesumik, loflik, ve-

nudik, plidik.
pleasingly, venudo, plido.
pleasingness, plidoi.
pleasurable, juitik,pfcyik, yo/ik.
pleasurableness, juitoi.
pleasurably, juilo, plido.
pleasure, juit, \eced, plid.
pleasure, plidon.
pledge, pan.
pledge, panim.

344

GBAMMAK OF VOLA.PUK.

pledged, pepanol.
pledger, panel,
plenary; le/ulo.
plenitude, ful, bundan.
plenteous, nezesiidik,
plenteously, nezesiido.
plenteousness, bundan.
plentiful, bundanik.
plentifully, bundano.
plentifulness, bundanoi.
plenty, bundan. fet.
plenty, sato.
pleonasm, nezesiidoi.
pleonastic, nezesudik.
pleonastically, nezesiido.
pliability, yum'6i.
pliable, flegiik, yumik.
pliableness, yumoi.
pliably, yujtako, fleglik.
pliancy, yumoi.
pliant, suk&lik.
pliantly, sukslo.
pliantness, yumoi, su¥il.
plight, pan.
plighted, pamk.
pligbter, panel.
plot, desan, desin, ployeg.
plot, desan'dn, ployegUa, desinoa.
plotful, desinik, desanik.
plotter, ployegei, desinel.
plotting, desansxa.
plough, plaud.
plough, plaudon, felbn.
ploughed, plaudik, /elik.
plougher, plaudel, felel,
ploughing, plaudsaa.
ploughman, plaudel, /elel.
pluck, tenon, zu^on.
plucker, tenel, zugel.
plum, plom.
plumb, plum,
plumber, plumel.
plumbery, plumen.

plumbing, plumsan.

plume, pen; pleit.

plume, dekon.

plumed, dekik.

plummy, ^enik.

plump, pinik.

plump, pinon.

plumply, globik.

plumpness, big. ,

plum-tree, pl6ma5M?j.

plumy, ^enit.

plunder, lapin.

plunder, lapinon.

plundered, lapinik.

plunderer, lapinel.

plundering, Zapmam.

pluperfect tense, pit«p.

plural, plunum.

plural, plulik.

pluralist, saraalel.

plurality, mOdareum,.

pluralize, plun«m8n.

plurally, pluliko.

plus, e.

plusquam perfectum, T^itiip.

ply, plif.

ply, flegon, plif on.

plyer, plifel.

plying, pii/ik.

poach, lapinon.

poached, Zopinik.

poacher, lapinA.

poachy, luZaHk.

pock, pog.

pocket, pok.

pocket, pok^n.

pocky, pogfik.

poem, poeSat.

poematic, poerfatik.

poesy, poed.

poet, poedA.

poetaster, lupoe&l.

poetess, ji-poedel, oi-poedel.

GRAM MAE OF YOLAPuK.

345

poetic, poerfik.
poetical, poedlik.
poetically, poedliko.
poetics, poeden.
poetize, poedon.
poetry, poed.
poetsliip, poedelacal.
poignancy, tied,
poignant, biedik.
poignantly, biedo.
point, pun.
point, punon
pointed, piinik.
pointedly, ^nliko.
pointedness, tipal.
pointer, punel.
pointing, punik.
poiaon, venod.
poison, venodon.
poisened, venodik.
poisoner, venodel,
poisonous, venodik.
poisonously, venodiko.
poisenousness, venodoi.
poke, sak.
poke, senon.
Poland, Polan.
Pole, poldnel.
police, polen.
policeman, polenan.
police-oifice, polensstajen.
policy, suen, sueream.
Polish, polarA.
polisli, zzwon.
polished, ziidk, kulivik.
polisher, zzcel, kulivA
polishing, zimk, kulirik.
polishment, zzVet, hulwiira.
polite, smumk, plUAk.
politely, plu&ko.
politeness, plut.
political, viisedik.
politically, viisedo.

politure, nid.
poll, kap.
poll, de^fon.
pollute, stenon, mioton.
polluted, stenik, miodk.
pollutedly, steno mioto.
pollutedness, stenoi, mi'iloi.
polluter, stenel, miotel.
pollution, stenam., miotaTa.
polyglot, poluglot
pomp, magif
pomposity, magifaio/".
pompous, magifik.
pompously, magifo.
pompousness, magif oi.
pond, luZafc

ponder, siienoa. .

ponderable, parik.
ponderation, mam.
ponderer, saenel.
ponderosity, vet.
ponderous, cerik.
ponderously, veto.
ponderousness, vet.
poniard, dag.
poniard, ddgon.
pony, jevaia..
poodle, dog, ji-dog.
pool, fiv, lu/aHl,
poop \ndom, smsuiom.
poor, pofik.
poorly, po/hk.
poorness, pof def.
pop, flap
pop, flapon
pope, pap.
popedom, papnh.
popish, papik
popishly, papiko, 2'ipo-
populace, komun, Inpop.
popular, /umiilik, popik.
popularity, famulot, popof.
popularize, famulon.

346

GEAMMAE. OF VOLAPUK.

popularly, famili^o.
populate, neton.
population, netsxa.
populous, nerik. .
populously, neto, nedko.
porcelain, cinan.
porcelain, cmanon.
porch, Zc^an.
porcine, svimk.
porcupine, stigasvin.
pore, logeAon.
porer, Zo^edel.
pork, svin.
porket, svinil.
porridge, sup.
port, pof.
port, polon.
portable, polik.
portable-engine, miif.
Porte, ToinS,n.
portend, plofeton.
portent, nesanlik.
portentous, nesanlik.
portentously, nesanliko.
porter, polel.
portion, dil, por.
portion, sedilon, dilon.
portioned, dilik, peserf^ol, pm-ik.
portioner, sedilA.
portliness, pien.
portly, pienik.
portrait, iemag.
portray, demag6n.
portrayer, demo^el.
position, cal, seit, stad.
positive, fi'nak, zeladik.
positively, zelado.
positiveness, sef, fiim, zelad,
possess, labGn.
possession, lab, lahed, gued.
possessional, labik.
possessive, labik.
possessively, labo, labiko.

possessor, label.

possibility, mog.

possible, mojrit.

possibly, bo, ba.

post, pot.

post-^odk.

pest, poion.

postage, potamore.

postage-stamp; penedamafc.

postal, ^orik.

past-bag, potasafc.

post-card — potafcac?.

posted, pe^ooiol.

poster, potel.

posterior, sukbl, poso.

posterity, sutels.

postern, leganil.

post-free, jlinik.

post-horse, ■potajjeval.

postillion, potel.

posting, potal.

postman, potel, potsA.

post-mark, potamcifc.

post-master, poZan.

post-office, potucal.

post-paid, _^a!«ik.

postscript, pospenad.

poststation-potasto/ere.

postulate, flag.

postulate, flagon.

postulation, Jlaga,m..

postulatory, ^ajra.terik.

posture, fBm.

posture, /omSn.

pot, skal.

pot, konletoii, lesaron.

potable, rf/enik.

potato, potet.

potency, /a Jem, valiid, mefcad.

potent, valudik, laberaik.

potentate, plin.

potential, plinik.

potential, labemik.

GEAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

347

potentiality, luog.

potentially, toiemo.

potently, valudo.

potentness, teftem, valiid, mekaA.

pother, hoset.

pother, boseion, tomon.

potter, vezadon.

pouch, boh, sak.

pouch, pokou.

poultry, Vodevx.

pounce, ral.

pouncing, ralon, ddgon.

pound, paun.

pour, le/alon.

pourtray, dema^on.

poverty, pof, def.

power, valiid, mefcad, nam.

powerful, vali/di^, mcfcik, namik.

powerfully, valudo, jneHko.

powerfulness, valiidoi.

powerless, ne»ate'(fik.

powerlessly, nevaliido.

powerlessness, nevaludoi.

practicability, dunloi, le/wZamof.

practicable, dunlik.

practicableness, dunlot, \efid-

amof.
practicably, dunliko.
practical, plagik.
practically, plag&o.
practicalness, plag.
practice, plag, plagsLja.
practise, plagon.
practiaer, plagA.
practising, plagol.
practitioner, plagaX.
praise, plied,
praise, pUedoa.
praiser, pliedel.

praiseworthil)', pliediko, foftliko.
praiseworthiness, pliedoi.
praiseworthy, pliedik, lolnk.
prance, \\xglolon.

prancing, lujr/o/ik.
prancingly, lu^Wiko.
prank, \\xglol, stai'en, ftci/en.
prank, lu^foten.
prankish, yofUk.
prate, lupfffcen.
prate, lupafcon.
prater, lupaiel.
prating, \apiiko\.
pratingly, lupuAdko.
pratique, dal, dismiit.
prattle, hipiikot.
prattle, lupufcon.
prattler, hxpiikA.
prattling, \apuk.
pravity, puod
pray, plekom, hekan, begon.
prayer, plek, beg.
prayer, plekel, begel.
prayerful, iegik, plekH.
preach, predbn.
preached, peprerfBl.
preacher, predel.
preaching, pred.
preachment, prediLra
preamble, hiniln, hipiik.
precaution, -plokud.
precaution, plofcurfon.
precede, higolon.
precedent, sam.
precedented, pesamol.
precept, plog, bud.
preceptive, plogils.
preceptor, ft'rfel, masel.
preceptorial, ftVfelik.
precession, higolava.
precious, voladik, kostik, lo/ik.
preciously, voladiko.
preciousness, volad.
preciousstone, nohaston.
precipice, ledib.
precipitance, slop,
precipitant, tuspidol.

348

GllAMMAll OF VOLAPiiK.

precipitantly, inspido.
precipitate, spidik.
precipitate, taspidon.
precipitately, siipito.
precipitation, tuspidikia.
precipitous, iaspidik.
precipitously, spido, spidiiao.
precipitousness, spidof, foviig.
precise, ]fuladik.
precisely, kulado.
preciseness, kulad.
precision, kuladot.
predicate, lesa^on, lepuk'on.
predication, \esag lepuk.
predict, plo/eton.
predicting, plofetoi.
prediction, plofetekm..
predictive, plofeAk.
predict! vely, plofeto
predictor, piq^tetel.
predominance, solef.
predominant, so7eflk.
predominantly, 'soleio.
predominate, solefon.
predominating, solei6\.
predomination, solef am.
preface, plapod, hipiik.
preface, bipafcon.
prefacer, hipiikel.
prefatory, niinik.
prefer, hizugoji, fodiin.
lireferable, bizupiik.
preferableness, bizu^'of.
preferably, hiziigiko.
preference, hiziig.
preferential, bizu^ik.
preferentially, bizu^riko.
preferment, bizu^am, f dd, fodsmi
preferrer, fodel.
prefix, hisUab.
prefix, lonon.
pregnancy, fet, daiMwal.
pregnant, flukik, /erik

pregnantly, fetiko.
prehensible, gleipik.
prehension, gkipbn.
prejudge, bicorfatbn.
prejudgement, bicotZatam.
prejudice, dam.
prejudicial, ddmik.
prejudicially, damiko.
prelacy, lekler.
preliminarily, biio.
preliminary, hiio.
prelude, hipled.
prelude, Toipledon-
preluder, hipledol.
preludium, hipled
preluaiTe, hipledik.
prelusively, hipledo.
premature, nei/mik.
prematureness, neiimof.
premier, letfiireal. ,
premise, \>ilona.ra
preoccupanoy, bifaiam.
preoccupation, biZafcam.
preoccupied, bifajik.
preoccupy, biZa66n.
prepaid, bipe/ik.
preparation, plepal
pi'eparative, plepa&.
preparatively, plepalo.
preparatory, plspalik.
prepare, plepalori, holiikon.
prepared, ^%plepal6\.
preparedly, plepaVik.
preparer, plepahl.
prepay, bipe^bn
prepayment, hipel&va.
preposition, plapod.
prepositional, 'plapodik.
prepossessor, hilabA.
preposterous, i-arfik.
preposterously, uaiiiko.
preposterousness, vad.
presage, pl'dfet&m..,

GKAMilAR OF VOLaIUK.

349

presage, p/ii/eton.
presageM, plofedk.
presager, pte/e/el.
presaging, plofetik.
prescience, 'binol.
prescient, binoZik.
preseious, hinolik
prescribe, plogon.
prescribed, plog&.
prescript, plog.
prescription, plogam..
presence, plisen.
present, plisenik.
present, le^/cot, lof.
present, nwion, lofon.
presentable, moJik.
presentation, legtvot lof.
presentative, Zo/^ik,
presenter, fo/el.
presentiment, ble^en.
presentimental, blesenik.
presently, nn, pliseno.
presentment, lof, lojava..
preservable, pfese/ik, konse/"ik.
preservation, plese/a.m..
preservative, ples^ik.
preserve, lesat;on, plesef on, kon-

sefan.
preserve, konsef.
preserved, konsefH.
preserver, konsefel, plesefel.
preserving, konse/ik, plese/ii..
preside, hisiedon.
presidency, hisiedam.
president, hisiedel.
presidential, bisieafelik
presidentship, hisiedof.
presider, hisiedel.
presiding, hisiefSk.
press, ped.
press, pedon.
pressed, pedii.
presser, pede\.

pressing, pedol.
pressingly, petfiko.
pression, pedain.
pressman, pedei.
pressure, pe<iam.
prestigiator, pokan.
presumable, nilud^ik.
presume, niludon.
presumer, nUudth
presuming, niltuEk.
presumption, nilud.
presumptive, 6o/edik.
presumptively, ioledQ.
presumptuous, boledik.
presumptuously, holedo-
presumptiousness, boled.
pretence, rog.
pretend, ro^iSn, lesayon, lep«fcon,

niludon.
pretended, rogih.
pretendedly, ro^iko.
pretender, rogel.
pretention, flag,
pretex, tegon.
prettily, Wfiko.
prettiness, jon
pretty, ze, te/ik, jonik.
prevail, Jlunon.
prevailing, ;?unik.
prevailingly, ^uniko.
prevalence, flun.
prevalent, sotefik.
prevalently, so/efiko.
prevaricate, i-anon.
prevaricating, t-anik.
prevarication, vanam.
prevaricator, ranel.
prevenient, ne/erik.
prevent, neleton
preventer, neletel.
prevention, nelet, neZeftim.
preventive, neZerik.
preventive, kautumed.

350

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

previous, biifoik.

previously, biifo.

prevision, plofcwrf.

prey, lapin.

prey, lapinon.

preyer, lapinel

price, mesed, volad, suam.

price, voladon.

Price-current, suam&Used.

priced, uo/a(iik.

priceless, n&ooladik, nerfjwit.

price-list, suamaZaserf.

Prick, spsraam.

prick, piinon, stigon.

Pricker, stigA.

Pricking, stig\k.

Prikliness, sizyikof.

prikly, stigiko, s^lik.

Pride, pleid.

Prideful, pleidW.

priest, sanalel.

Priesthood, sanalad.

priestly, sa«67elik

prim, stifiik.

prim, \aglol6Ti.

primarily, rigadik.o.

primary, rj^^adik.

prime . . . , le . . .

prime, baliif (music).

primely; stifiis..

primitive, rig&&.

primitively, rijradik.

primitiveness, rig'dl.

primly, stifo.

primness, stif.

prince, leson.

princely, lesonifc

prince-royal, iZonaleson.

princess, of-lesora, ji-leson.

princess-royal, of-fcZonalesora, ji-

fc/orealeson.
principal, gledj'n.
principal, \Qpato, lepariko.

principality, solef.
prinoipallyi lepariko.
principle, plisip.
principle, plisip, stab.
prink, \agloKu.
print, mak, kiipamaZ.
print, mctkon, hiik'dn.
printed, hiikik.
printer, bukel.
printery, biiken.
printing, perfam.
printing-press, ped.
prior, prob
prioress, of-prob.
priority, iegolug.
priorship, probers.
priory-jO)'o6op.
prison, farmb.
prison, faniiion.
prisoned, pe/anol.
prisoner, pe/anel
prittle-prattle, lupii^ot.
privacy, soal
private, plivod.
privateer, mosumel.
privately, kldnoSko.
privateness, kldnbi.
privation, n&lab.
privative, nonelik.
privatively, detiilo.
privilege, plivileg.
privilege, plivilegon.
privileged, pUvilegHk..
privileging, plivilegam..
privily, klmH&'k.
privity, klcinoi.
privy, plivod.
prize, suam; volad.
prize, pliedon, loVon.
prized, pliedi^.
prizer, pliedel, loiel.
probability, hivelat, am.a,velat.
probable, hwelatik.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPilK .

351

probably, Iwvelatiko.
probation, blof, bluf, hlu/a.m.
probationer, pe6to/el.
probative, blufik.
probator, blufel.
probity, . rit
problem, mob.
problematic, dodk.
problematical, dotik.
problematically, dotiko.
procedore, gita.feit.
proceed, fovon.
proceeding, bit.
process, pbzet, gon
proces-verbal, plotog.
proclaim, no^on.
proclaimer, notel.
proclamation, peseram, not
proclamator notel.
proclivity, slop,
procreate, pdlon, j'af on, faton
procreation, jaf, jafajn.
procreator, /a/an, fat.
procuracy, dalaxa.
procurator, lavogel.
procure, luki/a/on.
procurer, lukya/el.
procuring, luki/o/'ik.
prodigal, liixdmel.
prodigal, liiaramik.
prodigality, liixsmi.
prodigally, liixamiko
prodigious, storaik.
prodigiously, stuniko.
prodigiousness, stun, stunM.
prodigy, milag, \amm.
produce, suam.
produce, Miinon, kodon, pdlon,

ja/dn.
producer, kodel, jenel, lautel,

rigel.
producing, faS.
productive, /eftk.

preductively, fetiko.

productiveness, fet.

productivity, fet.

proem, hiptik.

proemial, hipHkik.

profanation, nekosekam.

profane, nelestimjk.

profane, migehon, nekosekon.

profanely, to.'ik.

profaneness, talal.

profaner, yemodel.

profess, noelon

professedly, lopoSk.

profession, cal, noeZiid, noelsim.

professional, caZik.

professionally, caZiko.

professor, plofed.

professorial, plofedik.

proffer, lof.

proffer, lofon, da/o/on, stei/bn.

profferer, lo/el, steifel.

proficience, mostep.

proficient, mosfepik.

proficuous, po/adik.

proficuousness, pb/Mbi, pbfiid.

profit, vob, pof^d.

profit, fodbn, pofudbn.

profitable, pofiidik.

profitableness, pofiifoi.

profitably, pofiidiko, pofMo.

profiting, p'dfiidA.

profitless, nepofiidik.

profligate, glibel.
profligate, /emodik.
profligateness, yemodof.
profound, dibik, rfijalik.
profound, dib, ledib.
profoundly, dibiko.
profoundness, dib, dibal.
profundity, dib, dib&l.
profuse, nezesudik.
profusely, liixamiko.
profuseness, bundan.

352

GBAMMAll OF VOLAItlK.

profusion, bundan.
prog, liiajmed.
progeny, gen.
programma, plogam.
progress, raosiep.
progress, raestepoji.
progression, raostopa.ra.
progressive, vaostepik.
progressively, mostepo.
progressiveness, mostep.
prohibit, neZeion.
prohibited, neZerik.
prohibiter, neZefel.
prohibition, ■aektp.m.
project, ployeg.
project, ployegon.
projected, ployegik.
projectile, ^eASfdin. .
projecting, ployegii.
projection, ployeg, desin.
projector, ployegA.
prolific, fenk.
prologizer, hipikA.
proloque, hipUk.
prologue, hipUkor)..
prolong, lonedon.
prolongation, lonedaxa.,
prolonged, lonedik.
prolonger, lonedel.
prolusion, bluf.
promenade, spat,
promenade, spaton.
promenader, spaiel.
prominence, klat, hizitgoi.
prominent, siHk, kla&.
prominently, levemo, siko, klato.
promise, pomet.
promise, pometon,
promised, pometik.
promiser, pometel.
promote, fodon.
promoter, f'idel.
promotion, fcid, fod&ra.

promotive, fodik.
prompt, skiliik, mi/iIj:, 6a/olik.
prompt, mebon; stigon.
prompter; mebel; stige].
promptitude, vif, skiil.
promptly, vi/ik, skilik.
promptness, skill, vif.
prone, slopik; desidik.
pronely, slopiko, desido.
proneness, slop,
pronominal, ponopik,
pronominally, ponopiko.
pronoun, pSnop.
pronounce, codatoji, sepiikon.
pronouncer, codatel.
pronunciation, aepiik.
pronunciatior,. sepiike\.
■proof, blbf; bluf.
proof, blSfon.
prop, ylif.
prop, yUfoa.

propagate, pakon, tnoplanon.
propagated, paAik.
propagation, pak, pakam.
progagatpr, , pakel.
propel, mo/on.
propeller, mo/el.
propend, slopoa.
propense, klienih.
propensity, klien.
proper, uoik, kuladik.
properly, voi, kulado.
property, l6n, lab.
prophecy, pZo/eiam.
prophesy, plofeton.
' prophet, plbfei.
prophetess, ]i-pldfet, of-plofet.
prophetic, plofetik.
prophetical, plo/etlik.
prophetically, pliifetliko.
propitiate, lekosilon, stilon.
propitiation, lekosUam.
propitiator, lekosilel.

GRAJI51AR OF VOLAPuK.

353

propitious, benik, gmik.

propitiously, herako, ^oniko.

propitiousness, benot, gonbf.

proportion, tefam, dinad.

proportion, noroon.

proportional, nomik.

proportionate, nomon.

proportionate, nomik.

proportionately, nnrmk.

proposal, mob.

propose, mob'on.

proposer^ mobe\.

proposition, mob.

propositional, njoJlik.

propound, mobon, [o/on,da/o/on.

propounder, moJel, lofel.

proprietor, label,

proprietress, ji-toftel; of-toJel.

propriety, Ion, lab.

propulsion, mqfkm..

propulsive, mqfik.

prsoe, nepoed.

prosecute, /ovon.

prosecuting, fovik.

prosecution, fovaxa.

prosecuter, /ovA.
prospect, lukilog&vii.
prospection, T^lokud.
prospective. feZo^ik.
prospectively, feZo^iko.
prospectiveness, feZo^of.
prospectus, hukadisin,
prosper, p'opon.
prosperity, lab, plopot.
prosperous, Zaftik.
prosperously, Za6o.
prosperousness, plopot.
prostitute yemodik.
prostitution, neptted.
prostitntor, /emodel.
prostrate, ley«7ik.
prostrate, le/oZon.
prostration, le/«7am.

protect, jelov.
protected, yeZik.
protectingly, /e/iko.
protection, jel.
protector, j'etel.
protest, seplan.
protest, noelon.
protestant, protestan.
protestant, protestanik.
protestantism, protestanim.
protestation, sep/anam.
protested, sepZanik.
protester, sep/anel.
protract, lonedcm, iezogon.
protacted, feso^ik.
protractedly, feso^iko.
protracter, lonedel, fe:o^el.
protracting, lonedik, fezo^ik.
protraction, lonedxm.
protr-active, ZoraecZlik, fezo^lik.
pi'otractor, lonedA, fe:o^el.
proud, pleitTik, pleidik.
proudish, pleitWk, pleidMk.
proudly, pleito, pleido.
provable, blofit,
provably, blqfiko.
prove, blo/bn, jonou.
proved, peZiZo/ol.
provender, stok.
prover, blo/el.

proverb, pet, piiked, pukeia^idJ.
proverbial, piike6ia,vddik.
proverbially, piikeinv'ddiko.
provide, blimon.
provided, pldsif.
providence, kaut
provident, kautik.
providential, kautik.
providentially, kautiko.
providently, kaiitiko.
provider, blunel.
province, plovin.
provincial, plovinik.

354

GUAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

provincialism, plovinim.
provincialist, plovinel.
provincially, plovino.
provision, stok.
provision, stok'on.
provisional, timik.
provisionall}', timo.
provocation, stig, stigam.
provocative, stigik.
provocativeness, stigoi.
provoke, stigon, nofon.
provoked, stigik, pesfe^'ol.
provoker, no/el.
provoking, stigik, no/ik.
provokingly, nq/iko.
provost, hisiedel.
prow, lanimik,
prowness, lanim.
proximate, m'/ikiin.
proximately, niln.
proximity, nil.
pmdence, kaut.
prudent, kautik.
prudential, kautik.
prudentially, fcauriko.
prudently, kautiko.
prune, plom.
prune, ladekoji.
Prussia, Pleus.
Prussian, pleusel.
Prussian, pleusik.
psalm, psam.
psalmist, psamel.
puberty, manlikof.
public, publug.
public, waSkodik, manifik.
publican, puhliigel.
publication, puhliig&ioa..
public-houae, labot, Zoiop.
publicity, manifdi.
publicy, puhlugiko.
publicness, manifoi.
publish, pubKgbn, pUbon.

published, publilgik.

publisher, piibA, bukasetel.

publishing, pnb'6\.

pudder, boset.

pudder, hosetm.

puddle, fiv.

puddle, fivon.

puddly, stenik, miotik.

pudency, siidoi.

pudicity, pued, stim%\,

puff, hxglol.

puff, vienon, hladon.

puffer, lu^r^otel.

puffingly, IvLnatemikQ .

puffy, lu£r/o/ik.

puissance, valud, mekuA, nam.

puissant, mefcik, valiidHk.

puissantly, niimiko, valwdo.

puke, \\jisputoia..

puker, XnsputA.

puking, luspurik.

pule, plono-D., grik6n.

pull, ten, ienam.

pull, tenon, zugon.

puller, tenel, zugel.

pulley, pulit.

pulpit, zop.

pulpitist, zopel.

pulpy, midik, mitik.

pulsate, nokon.

pulsation, reoifcam.

pulsative, nokik.

pulse, veib.

pump, pom.

pump, ^omon.

pumper, ^omel.

punch, stib.

punch, stibon, duspmdn.

puncheon, stap.

puncher, puna^m.

punctual, kuladik.

punctualist, kuladel.

punctuality, kuladoi.

GBAMMAB, OF VOLAPUK.

355

punctually, kuladj^o.
punctualness, kuladoi.
punctuate, piinon.
punctuation, piinoA.
punctuator, piinel.
puDctuist, piinel.
pungency, heital.
pungent, beiiik.
pungently, beiiiko
punish, piinon, stalon.
punishable, ponik.
punishableness, ponal.
punisher, panel, blamel.
punishment, pon, blam.
pupil, pSsanol, pofcaZol.
pupilage, tidatim.
puppet, fop.
purchase, lem.
purchase, lemon.
purchased, lemol.
purchaser, lemel.
pure, .'eik, ni/silik.
pnrely, te, nifalo.
pureness, ni/'al, klin.
purgation, rur.
pui^tive, klinik.
purgatively, klino.
purgatory, klinamaiop.
purge, klinbn nifdlon.
purger, klinA, nifdlel.
purging, iimik.
purification, klina,ra.
pnrificator, klinel.
purified, iZinik.
purifier, klinel.
purify, klinon, nifHon.
purifying, klinlik.
purity, pued, ni/'al, klin.
ptirl, miir.
purl, miiron.
purling, miink.
purloin, tif on.
purloiner, tifel.

purloining, tifik, tifol.
purple, piipun.
purple, piipunon.
purpled, piipun^k.
purplish, piipunlik.
purport, nilud, siam.
purport, niludon, sidmoa.
purpose, desan, desein.
purpose, desdnbn, desinon.
purposely, nolo, pleso, nolblo,

desinik.
purse, bob.
purse, 6o6on.
pursuance, fov.
pursuant, segun, ma.
pursuantly, fomko.
pursue, fovbn, suhon.
pursued, /owik.
pursuer, fovel, sukel.
pursuing, fomk, si/fcik.
pursuit, /owam, sukanx.
pursy, stovnk.
purvey, stokon.
purveyance, lifamecfe, stok.
purveyor, stokA.
push, jok.
push, jokon.
pushing, jolak.
pushingly, jolclik.
pusillanimity, ne/anim.
pusillanimous, nelanirmk.
pusillanimously, nelanivno.
puss, kat, ]\-kat.
put, globel, stiipel.
put, siadon, pladon, seitbn, stig-

6n, mobon, kodon, mekon.
putative, niludik.
putrefaction, puodam.
putrefactive, puodik.
putrefied, ptiodik,
putrefy, puodon.
putrefying, puodik.
puzzle, rat.

356

GBAMMAU OP VOLAPUK.

puzzle, rdton.
puzzled, ratik.
puzzler, ratel.
puzzling, rarik.
pyramid, pir.

pyramidal, pirik.
pyramidally, pinko.
pyramidic, pirik
pyramidical, pirik.
pyramidically, piriko.

Q.

quack, lusanel, iuglolel.
quack, lusanon, lagloKn.
quackery, Inglol, lusanen.
quacksalver, lusanel.
quadrangle, io\a,gul, vadat.
quadrangular, vadatik
quadrangularly, vudaiiik.
quadrate, vadat, iolskflan.
quadratic, vadatik.
quadrature, vadai&va.
quaff, k'dpon.
quaffer, IcopA.
quagmire, Xvdak.
quail, zogon.
quailing, zog.
quake, triKm, dlem'dn.
quake, lemw/Sn, /efcOn.
quaker, dlemel.
qualification, fag, gitaxa.
qualificator, gitel.
qualified, T^egitol.
qualifier, gitel.
qualify, giton, mafi\kon.
quality, likoi.
qualm, naud.
qualmish, naudlik,
qualmishly, naudo.
qualmislinessB, naud'ot.
quantity, limoi^of.
quarrel, dikod, zan.
quarrel, dikod'dn, zanon.
quarreller, zanel.
quarrelsome, zanik, dikodik.
quarrelsomely, aanlik, dikodlik.
quarrelsomeness, zanof, dikodot.

quart, MAil.

qaaxter, folum.

quarter, fold.il, yelsSoldit.

quarterly, yeiAaloldilik.

quartette, folma.

quast, noson.

quash, jiosam.

quaternary, folA.

quaver, tril.

quaver, triloba..

quaverer, trilA.

quavering, trilik, tril&^.

quay, kav.

queen, of-reg, ji-reg.

queen, of-re^'on,

queenly, of-re^ik, ji-reg'ik.

queer, selednik, drolik.

queerish, seledlik.

queer-fellow, Ixxmilagmil.

queerly, milagniko.

queerness, milagnQi.

quench, noson.

querimonioua, plonik, yamSs..

querimoniously, jo?onlik,

querimoniousness,p7on6f , 3(amof»

querist, aUkel.

querulous, p?onik.

querulously, phniko.

querulousness, p\on6i, yam&i..

query, sak.

query, safcSn.

quest, diS,vestig.

quest, d-ZioestigoTa., steifon.

question, sak.

question, sa A;8n,

GRAMMAft OP VOLAPilK.

357

■questionable, dotik.
questionableness, dotoL
questionably, dotiko.
questioner, safcel.
questionist, sakel.
quick, sun, sanik, vifik.
quick, U/iV.
quicken, stmon, vifon.
quickened, pesunol.
quickener, sunel, viftl.
quickening, sunata.
quickly, simo, /oviko.
quickness, vif.
quicksilver, kegin.
quicksilvered, keginik.
quiddit, tipal.
quiescence, taked.
quiescency, taked.
quiescent, takedik.
quiescently, takedol
quiet, stUik.
quiet! takedol seilo!.
quiet, taked, stil.
quietism, takedal.
quietly, -takedo
quietness, stil.
quietude, stil, taieiaL
quill, pen, bodapere
quill, plifoTn.
quina, hinin.
quince, kvit.

quincetree, kvitaJm.
quindecagon, bahelulaguL
quinine, hinin,
quint, lului.
qvuntal, kuin.
quintessence, ker.
quintillion, Mion.
quintet, lul'am..
quintuple, lulik.
quip, ko/on.
quire, p6pem.
quit, ZaJwon.
quit, libik, IwiR.
quite, loliko.
quittal, kiiam..
quittance, kit,
quitter, libel.
quiver, uifik.
quiver, dlemon, trilon-
quivering, dlemik.
quiveringly, dlemiko.
quiz, fco/el.
quiz, cogon, fopou.
quota, limorfikos, diloA.
quotation, zital&m..
quotationist, zitateX.
quote, ztta^on.
quoter, zitatei,
quoth he, sagora.
quotidian, varfe/ik.

B.

rabbet, seb.
rabble, \\xpop.
rabid, le/opik, Durik.
rubidly, vuto.
rabidness, vut, vutoi.
race, gen, stam, r6n,
race, roraon.
racemation, luf-
*acer, rSnel.

raceme, lufW..
racing, rimam.
rack, skaf.

rack, tomon, mefadon.
racket, boset.
racket, cogon.
radiance, magif.
radiant, magifik, glolik.
radiantly, gloliko.

358

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUk.

radiate, Inglolbn, radon.
radiating, nidik, stalik.
radiation, rad, radnva.
radiator, radA, Inglolel.
radical, j-z^'adik.
radicalism, rignA.
radically, njradito,
radicalness, rigal.
radish, raf.
radius, zilagasta^
rag, luklof.
rage, vut.
rage, vut'dn.
rageful, vutik
ragged, luMofik.
raggedly, luklo/iko
raggedness, hiklofSl.
raging, vutik. ,
ragingly, vutiko.
ragman, IxiklS/ei.
rail, put, tlel.
rail, tleloii, budbn.
railer, kofel.
railing, kofen, bud.
railing, kqfik.
railingly, koftko, i:o/lik,
raillery, cog.
railroad, leloA.
railway, leloA.
raiment, fcZoiad.
rain, ISmib, ai\a,vat,
rain, lomibon, silawaion.
rainbow, ldmiba.bob.
raininess, lomibHi.
rain-water, ail&vat.
rainy, lomibik.
raise, sutowon.
raised, sutowik.
raiser, leilimel, sutovel.
raisin, rosin,
raising, sutowol.
rake, glibel.
rakei monal6n.

rakebeHr? glibel.

rakehelly, glibeiik.

raking, monalik.

rakish, monalnik, glibi^, gagik^

rakishly, monaliko.

rakishness, monal, /dial.

rally, cog, kof.

rally, Aeimklubon, kofbn.

ramble, polioejron.

rambler, poliue^el.

rambling, poliue^am.

ramblingly, poliwe^iko.

ramp, bun.

ramp, bunoTn.

rampancy, liixam\6i.

rancorous, 'etik, "^edik, lezun&.^

rancour, 'et, lezun.

rand, sim.

range, gimefcon, leodoioj.

ranger, leodel.

rank, dinit, stiim.

rank, leodina..

rankle, badlbn.

rankness, lene^juetZug.

ransack, /emodSn.

ransom, livaZemBn.

ransomed, ■peliva.lemoi.

ransomer, livaZemel.

rant, Inglol.

rant, luglolbn.

ranter, laglolel.

ranting, luglolnm.

ranty, Inglolik.

rap, flap,

rap, flapbn.

rapacious, lapinik.

rapaciously, lapiniko.

rapaciousness, lapiniksiik^

rapacity, lapinasafc.

rape, lapin.

rapid, vifiV, /ouik.

rapidity, vif

rapidly, /ouiko.

GRAMMAR or VOLAPUK.

359

rapidness, vif.

rapine, lapin.

rapine, lapinon.

rapper, flapel.

rapture, le^a7, legaltua.

repture, legdlon.

raptured, le^a7ik, pele^atol.

rapturist, legdlel.

rapturous, \egalik.

raptui'ously, le^a/iko.

rare, spdlmk, seledik.

rarefective, slenik.

rarefaction, slenstm.

rarefy, slenon.

rarely, selediko.

rareness, seled.

rarity, seled.

rascal, fdpel, glibel, h\man.

rascal, japan.
rascality, jap.

rascallion, luman.

rascally, joplik, jdpi]s., ^Zzftelik,

lumanik.
rash, spidik.
rashly, tusp/c?iko.
rat, rat.

ratahilit}', divoi.
ratable, divik.
rat-catcher, ratel.
rate, mesed, mod.
rate, divim, diiv'dn.
rater, d&ve\, divel.
rather, bufam{o).
ratification, sinjn.
ratifier, beszamel, sj'amel
ratify, hesion, szon.
ratiocinate, disputon, piikon.
rational, lisaniTs.
rationality, Hsan, gid.
rationalize, gidon.
rationally, Usaniko, gidiko.
rancity, nokebate'd.
rancous, nokehatedik.

ravage, lapin, distuk.
ravage, lapinon, distukon.
ravaged, pefZistofcol.
ravager, disiukel.
rave, Vdseion.
ravel, kofudcm., kompligon.
raven, rab.
raven, lapinoTi.
ravener, lapinel.
ravenous, lapinasiiHk.
ravenously, lapinasaHkn.
raver, hosetei.
ravin, lapin.
ravine, gur.
raving, vut.
raving, vutik.
ravingly, ouriko.
ravish, /emodpn, legalon.
ravished, j'emodik..
ravisher, jemodel, legalel.
ravishing, jemoda,m, leg alum..
ravishing, legdlik.
ravishingly, le^a7iko.
ravishment, jemodam, leg HI,

legalaxa..
raw, liidik.
rawish, feVZlik.
rawly, ludo.
rawness, lud.
ray, stal.
ray, sibon, stalon.
raze, raoson.
reach, lof'an.
reach, fag, kaf.
reacher, lofA.
read, liladon.
readable, liladik.
readableness, liladoi.
readably, liladliik.
reader, lUadA.
readily, nefikulo, /'owiko.
readiness, vilbi, 16b.
reading, lilad, liladn'm.

360

GUAMMAU or VOLAEUIs..

ready, viloSk, lobik, -pekofiikol.
real, ueZarik.
realist, siimel.
realistic, siJmelik.
realization voleksxa, volek.
realize, volekon.
really, vo ! vo ! veladko !
realty, fiedoi.
reanimate, denuZaraon.
reanimation, denuZaream,
reap, Idopdn.
reaper, TclopA.
reaping, hlopzxa..
reappear, denupufton.
reappearance, denupjjJ.
rear, stigou, suiouon.
reason, kod, lisan.
reasonable, gidHik.
reasonableness, gid.
reasonably, gidiko.
reasoner, piihei.
reasoning, piihsxa..
rebel, volidA.
rebel, volutoia..
rebellion, vnlut.
rebellious, voluiik..
rebelliously, woZudik.
rebelliousness, volutoi.
rebuke, blam.
rebuke, hlamQn..
rebuker, ftZomel.
recant, tauofcSn.
recantation, tawofam.
recanter, tawoM.
recapitulate, derewon hlefo.
recapitulation, denuam SZe/ik,
recapture, denudaZopam.
recapture, denudaZopon.
recede, hlemXm..
receipt , kit , get , ninsum ,

linkipBiXa..
receipt, kiton, lusumon.
receipted, pefctYol.

receiptor, feVel, linkipA.

receive,£re<on,lusMmbn, Zmfcjpon,

received, ^erik, pef/eiol.

receiver, getA.

receiving, getb\.

recency, nul.

recension, kriit.

recent, nuZik.

recently, lew, nii, nulo.

reception, get, Zmfepana.

receptive, jretik.

recess, soal, getav.

I'eoession, geZou(am).

reciprocal, rezipiV.

reciprocally, rezipliV

reoiprocalness, rezip.

reciprocate, rezipoia..

reciprocating, rezip\k.

reciprocation, rezipzm..

reeiprosity, rezip.

recital, pUk&t.

recitation, puk&i

ricitative, puksAXk.

recitatively, pafatiko.

recite, ^aifcaton.

reciter, p»Z;atel.

reckless, n^kudSk.

recklessly, -aelcudo.

recklessness, -aeskiid.

reckon, kaloia..

reckoner, fcaZel.

reckoning, kalava.

recline, sZqpon.

recluse, soalA.

recluse, soaZik.

recluseness, soal.

recognition, leseuam.

recognitor, lesevel,

.recognizance, lesfiv.

recognize, lesewon.

recoiler, volutel.

recollect, memdn, denutonZe^Sn.

recollection, mem.

GBAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

361

recollective, memik.
recommend, komedon.
recommendable, komedik,
recommendation, komed.
recomniender, Icomedel.
recompense, meserfam.
recompense, mese(?8n.
recompensed, pemesetiol.
recompensing, mesedol.
reconcile,_/?en6n,lefcos27on,s?i7on.
reconciled, lekosilik.
reconcilement, lefcosziam.
reconciler, lekosilel.
reconciliation, lefcosj'Zam.
reconciliator, lefcos«7el .
reconciling, lefcosi'Zik
record, mebamoZ, lised, kon,

jena6«fc.
record, lisedon, konon.
recorder, lisedel, konel, jena-

kone\.
recording, fconik.
recover, denusuanon.
recovering, denusuonbl.
recoverer, denusuanel.
recovery, denusuan.
recreancy, temipal.
recreant, teinipi^.
reoreantly, temip\ik.
rectification, ^utfikumam, men-

od,
rectifier, menodel.
rectify, menodbn.
rector, rekel.
rectoral, rekelik,
rectorship, rekeliig.
recur, getdvSn,
recurrence, getav.
recurrency, getdv.
recusation, nesiam.
red, ledik.
redaction, redak.
redden, led'dn.

reddened, peZed5l.
reddish, Mlik
redeem, deZiuon.
redeemable, deZ;wik.
redeemableness, deZeuSf.
redeemed, pedefevdi.
redeemer, Aelivel.
redemption, ieliv.
redemptive, deZiuik.
redness, led.
redress, denusatm, yuf.
redress, denusauradn.
reduce, smdtbn, lunon.
reduced, peZKraol.
reducement, Zujiam
reducer, fanel, smalei.
reduction, Zuraam.
refer, loyonon.
reference, lii;'on.
referential, lujomk.
referentially, lu/onlik.
refine, menodon, feinon.
refinement, smoZnof, /««nam.
refiner, menodel, feinel.
refinery , menodura , /emam ,

smalnoi.
refining, menodik, feimk.
reflect, siamon
reflection, tik&m.
reflective, siamik.
reflectively, siamiko.
reflectiveness, siamoi.
reflector, sidmA.
refloat, ban.
reflux, ban.
refrain, sionon.
refresh, fli/bn.
refresher, flifel.
refreshing, jflifik.
refreshingly, flif iko.
refuge, jelb^.
refuge, jelbn.
refusal, nesiam.

362

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

refuse, nesson.

refuser, neszel.

regale, Zmfczjpam.

regale, Unkip^n.

regality, regtg.

regally, re^'ik.

regard, stiim, \6stim, befo^am.

regard, beZo^'on, ie/on, stiimovL.

regarder, beZo^el.

regardful, kud\k..

regardfuUy, fcurfiko.

regards, glid(s).

regency, reg&m.

regent, regel.

rpgentess, ji-re^el, of-re^el,

regimen, diat.

regiment, regan.

regimental, reganik.

region, topoi.

register, Used.

registrar, lisedel.

registration, lisedava.

regret, pSnit.

regret, ponitba.

regretful, ponitik.

regular, nomomo/ik.

regularity, nomoma/.

regularly, nomoma/iko.

regulate, nomon, lenZeocZon,

regulon.
regulation, nomuva, regul&w..
regulative, regulik.
regulator, regul, regulel.
rehearsal, pUkut, denuaxa.
rehearse, piiksAon, denuoTi.
rehearser, piiJcsttel, denuel.
reign, regsbm, '
reign, re^on.
reigning, regik,
rein, dug.
rein, dugon.
rejoice, galdkHn.
rejoicing, gcilik.

rejoicingly, gcilo.

relate, fcoreoh.

relater, fcorael.

relation, konskToa., te/aja.

relative, te/a,mik.

relatively, te/o, tefu.

relator, konel.

relax, miidan. '

relaxation, miidaim..

release, liv, Kuam.

release, lib'on, deKuon.

relent, ponitoia..

relenting, pdnihk.

reliance, konfld.

relic, leman.

relict, yi-viudA.

relief, leitsaa.

relieve, leifaa.

relieving, leito\..

religion, rel.

religious, reHk.

religiously, reViko.

religiousness, reiad.

relinquish, ZauSn.

relinquishment, luv, lHvaxa..

relish, plid, smek, giit.

relish, plidbu, mudoTo..

relishing, plidik, l&plidik.

reluctance, naud,

reluctant, naudik.

reluctantly, naudika.

rely, l&konfMn.

remain, paZemanon.

remainder, leman, likad.

remains, lemdns.

remark, notam, noted.

remark, notim, notaxabn, loegbn,

seniton,
remarkable, makabik.
remarkableness, makab.
remarkably, malabo.
remedy, medin.
remedy, sanon, denusaunon.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPiiK.

363

remember, mebon, memon.
remembrance, meb, mem.
remind, mebon, memon.
remindful, me5ik, memik.
reminiscense , mem, meb.
remiss, InZerik, nedutik.
remission, nedut, Inlet.
remit, yilon, loYegivon.
remitter, loveyjVel, yilel.
remnant, leman.
remorse, ponit.
remorseful, ponitik.
remorsefully, ponito.
remote, /agik.
remoteness, fag, fagaxa..
removably, jno/iko, mofo.
removal, mo/am, mof.
remove, fagon, mofon.
removed, fagol, mofol.
rend, sliton, dimirfon.
render, pel, pela,m, koef.
render, yifon, pelon, Tcoefoa.
Tenderer, koef A, yilei.
rendering, koefam, y?7am.
renew, nulon.
renewal , nufam.
renewed, nuloil, nulik.
renewing, nulaxa.
renounce, feneszon.
renouncement, fenesi'am.
renouncing, fenesi'amik.
renown, fam, ZoJum,
renowned, mdkabi]s..
rent, kodut.
rent, iokoduton.
renter, ibkoduteh
renunciation, detlid, klem.
reorganization, denuTio^'araam.
reorganize denuno^anon.
reorganized, denuno^anol.
repair, menod.
repair, menodon.
repairer, menodel.

repaicment, menod.

reparable, menodik.

reparably, menodiko.

reparation, menodam.

repast, lefid.

repast, le^don.

repeal, dejqf.

repeal, de/a/bn, tawofcon.

repealer, de;a/el.

repeat, denuon.

repeated, denulik, rfenuamik,

repeatedly, ai, denusnao.

repeater, denuel.

repel, satelon.

repellent, sa^eZol.

repeller, shtelol.

repelling, satelam.

repent, ponitoji, pdniin.

repentance, ponit.

repentant, poniAk, pdn&ddk.

repentantly, ponito.

repetition, denunra.

repine, muron.

repiner, murel.

repining, jnuram, nekoten.

repiningly, muriko.

reiolier, ge^jifcel, gesa^el.

reply, gepiik, gesag.

replj', gepafcdn, gesa^on.

report, nanod.

report, nunon, nunodon, noton.

reported, penunodol.

r-eporter, nunodel.

reportership, nunodeliig.

repose, taked, stil.

repose, takedon, lekonfidon.

reprehend, blamvn.

reprehender, blamel.

reprehension, blam, blamabva.

reprehensive, blamik.

reprehensively, blamliko.

represent, plisenon.

representant, pltsenel.

364

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

representation, plisen&ra..
representative, plisemk.
representer, plisenA.
repress, \epedoji.
represser, \&pedA.
repressing, \&pedik.
reprimand, blam.
reprimand, blamon.
reproach, leblam.
reproach, leftZamon.
reproachful, leMamik, nofik.
reproachfully, le&/amlik, Jem-

odiho,
reproachfulness, leblamiii, jem-

odof.
reprobate, kodemon, blarn'oTa.
reprobated, \)ekodemol.
reprobation, blam{xm).
reptile, vum
republic, piiblig.
republican, pilblige\.
republicanism, pilbligug.
republicanize, piibligan.
republication, publiga,m.
republish, denupublug'dn.
repugnance, naud.
repugnant, naudik.
repugnantly, naudiko.
repulse, nesaon.
reputation, stum,
repute, fam, nem.
request, beg.
request, &a.beg'6n, Jeton.'
requester, begel, dabegel,
require, flagm, deman'dn.
required, Tpeflag 61.
requirement,Sag.
requisite, zesiidiTs.,
requisitely, zesiido.
requisiteness, zesiidot.
requisition, d&vestig.
requital, mese(Zam.
requite, mescdfon.

requiter, meserfel.
rescue, AsUv, sav, sawam.
rescue, deZtw6n, sauon, libon.
rescuers deZiwel.
research, Askvestig, x^m, \exdm.
research, Aa.vestigoii, xamon.
researcher, da.vestige\, xamel.
resemblance, leigiii.
resemble, leigon, {eleigon.
resent, lasumbn ftadlik.
resentment, lusen, 'et, lezun.
reservation, seil, seilUt, plesef.
reservative, seilik.
reserve, stok, lesaw.
reserve, plesef on, honsefbn,

lesawon.
reserved, miik^k.
reservedly, m^fclik.
reaerver, sdvA plesef A.
reservoir, vatatub.
reside, stebon, lodon.
residence, steb, loAaplad, lod
resedent, lodol, siedik.
resign, klemon, yokon, lo'vegivon.
resister, tael.
resolute, kimk.
resolutely, fcmiko.
resoluteness, Hraam.
resolution, mplan, seplan,a,m.
resolve, slud.
resolve, sludon, smot'oa,
resolved, fiimik.
resolvedly, fiimo.'
resolvedness, film,
resorter, visitel.
resource, yuf.
respect, lestim, stiim.
respect, lestimon, stiimon.
respectability, stum&l, stumoi.
respectable, lesitmlik, stilmik.
respeotableness, Xestimoi.
respectably, lesiimo.
respected, lesiimik.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

365

respecter, stiimel.
respectfal, lestimik.
respectfully, lesftmliko.
respectfiilness, lesfi'mof.
respective, ?e/ainik, le^ftmlik,

l-au6k
respectively, tefo, l-auto !
respiration, natemaxa.
respirator, natemel.
respire, natemoJi, hldd6n.
resplendency, nid, magif.
resplendent, mag^fi^i.
resplendently, gloliko.
respond, gepuk, gesag.
respond, gepiikon, gesagijn.
respondent, geputel, gesa^el.
response, gepiik, gesag.
responsibility, cotifot.
rest, leman, likad.
rest, taked, slip,
rest, takedon, likadon, 1 e?n an on.
restaurant, stand,
restful, tafcerfik.
restfolly, takedo.
restfalness, takedoi.
restitation, gegi/t;am.
restless, ne/ai"edik.
restlessly, netakedo.
restlessness, netaked.
restoration, gegivara, gud&m.
restorative, yJmik.
restorator, gegivel, gvdel
restore, gegivoa, gudim.
restorer, giide\, g&giv€i.
result, fin, sek.
result, sek&n, ziton.
resultant, kludo, also,
resume, gesi/mon.
resumption, gesumam.
resumptive, gesumik.
resurrection, lesu.'stan
retail, detulon.
retailer, deii'lel.

retain, ziipSn, s^onon.
retainer, ziipel.
retard, fezo^on, laton.
retardation, fezo^am, lat, to/am.
retarded, fesoyik, laftk.
retinue, sutad.
retire, soal.

retire, too/6d, ge^ffcon.
retired, soalik.
retiredly, sooflko
retiredness, soeI.
retirement, soal, Z/'ram, liiv.
retiring, geiaiol, mo/ik.
_ retribute, ^aVon.
retribution, guv.
retributive, ^ut'ik.
retrieve, geblindn.
retrievement, giiv. ge///inpm.
return, iesvegon.
returner, desre^el.
reveal, jnani/kmon.
revealer, mani/amel.
revealment, manifaiw.
revelation, mani/avi.
revenge, viudit.
revenge, vinditon.
revengeful, vindili^.
revengefully, vindiilik.
revengefulness , rln difn sirk.
revenger, vindite\-
revenue, lemesed
revere, lestim'on.
reverence, glid.
reverence, \esttmon.
reverend, sftmadigik.
reverent, \esiim^.
reverential, lestitni^.
reverentially, lesiimlik.
reverently, \estimMk.
reverse, lied,
reverse, vota/7et6n.
reversed, vota/feAik.
revert, vota^efcon, ceinon.

S66

GRAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

revert, denuam.

review, Zo^redam.

review, logeAon.

reviewer, to^'edel.

revival, a'enulifam.

revive, denuliion.

reviver, AemiH/el.

revivification, denuZ^am.

revivify, AemiH/6n.

reviving, Aennlifol.

revocate, tawofcon.

revolse, tawoAon.

revolt, volut.

revolt, volutbn.

revolted, volutik.

revolter, volutA

revolution, volut.

revolve, vota^Zefcon.

reward, meset^am.

reward, mesetZfin.

rewarder, mesetfel.

rheum, sno/ip.

rheumatic, reurmk.

rheumatism, reum.

rhinoceros, nuda'^on.

rhyme, rim.

rhyme, rimou.

rhymer, rzmel, lujjofedel.

rib, rib.

rib,, ribon.

ribald, lumare.

ribaldish,lumanik,^Z?Jik,^a^ik.

ribaldrous, kimanlik, jrfe'Sik,

ribaldry, lumandf, glib, gag.

ribbed, nJik.

rice, leud.

rich, liegVs..

riches, lieg.

richly, liegmk,

richness, lieg.

rid, libon..

riddle, rat.

riddle, riitoTx.

riddler, rdtA.

riddling, rank.

ride, vegon, monilbu.

rider, monitoi, vegel.

ridge, ked.

ridicule fco/en

ridiouler, kofel.

ridiculous, smidk.

ridiculously, smiliko.

ridiculousness, smilikoi.

riding, vegs.m, tudil,

riding-school, monita/'wZ.

rifle, gun.

rifle, lapihon.

rifleman. gUnel.

rift, slit.

rift, slMn.

rig, plemon.

rigger, plemel.

right, git.

right, gitik, stedik.

right, giion, piidon, codon.

righteous, gitlik, ritik.

righteously, gii\iko, rifliko.

righteousness, rit

righter, code!.

right-hand, det.

right-handed, dedk.

rightly, vemo.

rightness, sted.

rigid, lejalepik.

rigidity, stiflk, jalep, stif.

rigidly, jalepMki stifiko.

rigidness, jalep, stif,

rigorous, Jalepik.

rigorously, jalepnik.

rigorousness, jalep.

rigour, jalep.

rill, bluk.

rillet, blvldl.

rime, rim, slit.

rime, ritn6n.

GKAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

367

irimer, rimel.

rind, jal.

ring, lin.

ring, glokoa.

ringer, glokA.

ringing, glokexa.

ringlet, Zinil.

riot, volut.

riot, voluion.

rioter, volutel.

riotous, volutik.

riotously, volui\ik

riotonsness, volutai.

ripe, madik.

ripely, madXko.

ripen, madou.

ripened, madSs..

ripeness, mad.

ripening, matfam.

rise, :^n.

rise, SDStenon, xdnmx.

riser, sustoTiel,

rising, lesusten, xdns,ra.

risk, veniid.

risk, veniidon, kinon.

risker, veniedel.

rival, keZo/al.

rival, ielo/alon.

rive, sliton.

river, flum.

rivulet, ^umil, Mukil.

road, veg.

roadwaj', vegamape^.

roam, poliwe^on.

roamer, poliwe^'el.

roaming, poliwe^am.

roar, luwoiem.

roar, lavokon.

roarer, lucofcel.

roaring, Invokem.

roaringly, lurofclik.

roast, loeton.

roast-meat; loet.

roasted, loetik.

roaster, loetel.

roasting, Zoeiam.

rob, lapinon.

robber, lapinel.

robbery, lapinen.

robe, kloton.

robust, ^Zo6ik, ndmik, steniedik.

robustness, steniid, stenudof,

nam.
rock, klif.
rock, \emuf on.
rocker, lemu/el.
rocking, lemu/61.
rocky, klifik.
rod, staf.
roe, ji-stag.

rogue, Japel, glibel, luman.
roguery, jap.

rognisbj/opik, glibelik, 1 umanik.
roguishly, j'dpWk
rbguishness, /dpof.
roisterer, hoseiel.
roistering, boset.
roll, rol, Hsed.
roll, glopon.
roller, glopel, rol.
Roman, romel.
Roman, rowik.
romance, roman.
romanesque, romanik.
romantic, romantik.
romantical, romantik.
romantically, romantiko.
Rome, Rom.
roof, nuf.
roof, nuf on.
roofer, n«yel.
roofing, rea/am.
rooflet, ««/il.
room, cem, plad, spad.
roomily, spatflik.
roominess, spadoi, spadop.

368.

GKAMMAR. OF VbLAPiiK.

roomy, spa£k.

root, vul, atam.

root, vulon.

rooted, vulik.

rope, jain, lej'ain.

ropy, gludi^.

rosaj:y, lolsuhet

rose, lol.

rosette, lolil.

rosy, ^otedik, lolik.

rot, puodcm.

rotary, .zilag&tik, zileTcsgik.

rotation, zilekag.

rotten, puodik.

rottenness, puod.

rough, liiedik.

roughen, liiedbn.

roughly, luecSko. ,

roughness, lued.

round, glopik.

round, glopdn.

roundabout, zu, zo, lino.

rounding, glcip, gldpa.rci

roundish, glopli^.

roundishness, gldp.

roundly, glopii, zilagik,

roundness, glSp.

rouse, stigon.

rout, dianera.

route, veg.

rove, poli»e^on.

rover, pbliueg'el.

roving, poliue(7am.

rovingly, poliwe^'amik.

row, ked, volut.

row, guhon.

rower, guhe\.

rowing, gubaxa, gubs, . . .

royal, re^'ik.

royalize, re^ikon.

royally, rejrlik.

royalty, re^'ug.

ruhhish, jiit.

ruby, led.

rack, plif.

rudder, gvib.

riiddely, Wlik.

ruddiness, led.

ruddy, ledik.

rudei glohik.

rudely, globlik.

rudeness, glob.

rue, ponit.

rue, poniton.

rueful, pidik, ponitik.

ruefully, ponitikq. ,

ruefulness, liigoi,

rueing, liigik, poniiik.

ruffian, fdpeh

ruffian, Japik.

ruffianly, japiko.

ruffianism, jap.

ruffle, plif.

ruffle, plif on.

ruffled, pij/ik.

ruffling, pZ?/ik.

rug, klotaAi\.

rugged, lUediik.

ruggedly, Keiflik.

ruggedness, lued.

rugose, plif\k.

ruin, ruin.

ruin, rumon. diskikon.

ruined, distukik.

ruinous, riihik, ruinik.

ruinously, r«6iko, ruiniko.

ruinousness, rUibi, ruin'oi.

rule, nom.

rule, soZon, nomGn.

ruler, govel, nomel.

ruling, i^ouam.

rum, drolik.

ruminant, siamik.

ruminate, siamon.

rumination, sidmnva.,

rumple, plif.

GBAMMAE OF VOLAFUK.

369

rumple, plifSn.
run, gon.
run, gonbn, ron on.
runaway, fugA.
mndlet, tuhii..
runner, rowel, jronel.
running, ron.
rupture, blek.
rupture, hlekSm.
ruptured, WeHk.
rural, lanecSk,
ruralism, Janedal,
ruralist, lanedA.
rurality, lanedsX.
ruralize, lanedor\..
rurally, Zanefflik.
ruralness, Zane<fal.
ruse, kaf.
rush, jog.
rush, ronon, goncna..

sabbath, sabat.
sable, sab.

sable, daegHk, dag^,
sabre, sab.
sabre, sabon.
sacerdotal, sonalelik.
sack, sak.
sack, pofcon.
sacrament, sakramerf.
sacramental, sakraroeifik.
sacramentally, sakramedo.
sacred, samk..
sacredly, saniko.
sacredness, sanal.
sacrifice, Titim.
sacrifice, vitimon.
sacrificer, vitimA.
sacrificial, vitirmHs..
sacristy, sakrit.
sad, liigiLk., gluimk.

rusher, rorael, ^onel.
rushing, ronam.
Russia, Lusan.
Russian, lusdnA.
Russian, lusdmk.
rustic, felel, meyel.
rustical, /eZelik, lanecEik.
rustically, /eZelnik.
rusticity, yioftal.
rusticly, fetelik.
rut, rut.

ruth, pid, 'kBlied.
ruthful, piaik, keZiedik.
ruthless, le/eHk.
ruthlessly, le/eHik.
ruthlessness, le/efcifcof.
ruttish, lenepjwdik.
ruttishly, lenept^erfiko.
ruttishness, lenepuetZug.

S.

sadden, glumon.

saddle, saed.

saddle, saedan.

saddler, saedei.

sadly, gluniiSs..

sadness, liigoi.

safe, se/ik.

safe, se/on.

safely, se/lik.

safeness, sef.

safety, sef.

sag, dxifldkon.

sagacious, /apalik, fcapalik, li-

sarak.
sagaciously, /apaliko.
sagaciousness, japs\oi.
sagacity, japaX, /apalof,
sage, sapik, oesedik.
sage, JilosupA, sapel, sapal.
sagely, sapiko.

24

370

GRAMMAB. OP VOLAPUK-

sageness, vised, sap.

sail, nafon.

sailable, nq/ik.

•sailableness, nafbi.

sailer, no/el.

sailing, nafstm.

sailor, melel.

saint, samk.

saint, sanikel.

saint, sanukon, kosekon.

saintly, samko.

sake, benof;

sake (for Gods sake)!, godo!

salacious, lenepueifik,

salaoiously, lenepiierfiko.

salaciousness, lenepM«(Zug.

salacity, lenepued'ug.

salad, salad.

salary, mesed, lemesed.

salary, Xemesedbn.

sale, sel, sela,m..

saline, salin.

sally, fased.

sally, jaobunon.

salinon, lagvit.

salmonet, lagu&l.

salmontrout, loffHtsmt.

saloon, scilvoa..

salt, sal.

salt, saZon.

salt, saZik.

salted, salik.

Salter, saZel.

salting, saleua..

saltish, sa/nik.

saltness, saZSf,

saltpan, salin.

saltwater, saloA.

salubrious, sarelik.

salubriously, sanliko.

salubriousness, san, sanoi.

salubrity, san, sanQi.

salutariness, san, sanQt.

salutary, sanlik.

salutation, glidaxa, heglidam.

salute, glid.

salute, glidbn, h&glidon.

salvability, heatcmJ&i.

salvable, heatoioi.

salvableness, JeaionSf.

salvage, sav&mesed.

salvation, beat.

salve, smiv.

salve, smivou, savon.

same, as.

same as, wlik, aso.

sameness, leig.

sample, sam, samad.

sanction, beszam, stam.

sanctitude, sanaX.

sanctuary, sanub.

sand, sab.

sand, sa&on. '

sandish, saftlik.

sandy, saftik.

sane, saunik.

saneness, saun.

sanguine, lifWk.

sanguinely, li/Mko.

sanguineous, hludik.

sanitary, sawmk..

sanity, saun.

sappho, sapfo.

sapience, sap.

sapient, sapik.

sapiently, sapiko.

sarcasm, lufco/iere.

sarcastic, kofUk.

sarcastically, fco/iko.

Sardine, Sardan.

sasb, zon.

satan, devel.

satanic, devetSn.

satanically, devehak.

sate, saion.

satiable, sailik.

GUAMMAll or VOLAPUK.

371

satiate, saffin.
satiation, safam.
satiety, sat.
satin, lesatin.
satiric, hlemik.
satirically, hlemlik.
satirist, bletnel.
satirize, b'emon..
satisfaction, sat.
satisfactorily, sdilik.
satistactory, satik,
satisfy, kotenon.
saturate, satcna..
saturation, satskm..
Saturday, Za,del.
sauce, pitou.
saucer, booil.
saunter, lu^oZon.
saunterer lu^oZel.
sausage, sosit.
savable, sawik.
savableness, sav'6{.
savage, foet.
savage, /oeAt.
savagely, le^'eHko.
savageness, le;efcik6f, /oetoi.
savegery, foetoi.
save, pla, sumii.
save, savon.
saver, sauel, spdlel.
saving, spal, spdlui.
savingly, spdZik.
savingnessa, spdlnbi.
Saviour, sanal.
savour ily, vdpiko.
savourinesB, vdp'oi.
savourly, waplik.
savoury, vapik..
Savoy, Savoyaa.
Savoyard, Savoydnel. .
stkvr, piiked, pet.
Sax, saxel, sa^anel.
Saxon, Sax (kingdom).

Saxon, Saxa.Ta (province),
saxon, saxik, sa.'ranik.
say, sa^on.
saying, sag.
scaffold, skaf.
scaffold, ska/on.
scale, jal.
scaly, jaUk.
scan, vestigon.
scandal, jemoA, skan.
scandalize, skanon.
scandalous, sfcanik.
scandalously, sfcanlik.
scandalousness, j'emoiof.
scant, spdlmk..
scantely, spdlniko.
soantlet, dil.
soantly, spdlniko.
scantness, spdlnoi.
scanty, spdlnik..
scar, vunad.
scarce, spdlmk.
scarcely, tobo.
scarceness, spdlnof.
scare, j'ekon.
scarecrow, jekamerf.
scarf, noked.
scatter, disipon.
scattered, disipik.
scene, jiil, stad, teat,
scenery, damat
scenic, damatik.
scent, smel.
scent, smelon,
sceptic, dotel.
sceptical, doAk.
sceptically, dotiko.
scepticalness, dotoi.
scepticism, dota,siik.
schedule, lised.
scheme, jemad, ployeg
scheme, ployeg'on, disinon.
scheming, ployeg&m..

372

GBAMMAK OP VOLAPuK.

scholar, j'ulel; ot-j'ulel.
seholar-like, fulelik,
sctolarsHp, peijrfolat.
scholastic, julils..
scholaatically, juliko.
school, Jul.
school, Julon.
schooling, jul&va..
schoolmaster, rirfel, julamaseZ.
science, nol, sev.
scientific, nolUk.
scientifically, reoZiko.
scimitar, sab.
scofF, hofea.
scoff, hof'6n..
scoffer, fco/el.
scoffing, fco/en.
scoffingly, fco/iko.

sconce, pon.

score, feZseli fcaZam.

scorn, nesfiimon, nesft'mBn.

scorner, fco/el, nesiimel.

scornful, nestafmik, nesimik.

scornfully, nes^Mmiko, nesftm-
iko.

scornfulness, nesiamof.

scorning, ■o.&stum, nesfe'm.

scorpion, skopaf.

Scot, dilodL. •

scotch, k8t.

Scotch, jotldmk.

Scotchman, jotldnoi.

Scotland, Jotlan.

Scottish, jotldmk.

scoundrel, jiipA.

scoundrelly, yapelik.

scour, suipon.

scovirer, suipA.

scourge, pudxm.

scourge, pudon.

scourger, pudA.

scouring, suipSiTo..

scout, liikA.

scout, luhon.'
scowl, zarfalon.
scream, luuofc.
scream, luuofcSn.
screamer,- luuofcel.
screaming, luwoiem.
screech, luuofcem.
screech, luuofcon.
screen, Jul.
screen, Julon, jelbn.
screw, skub.
screw, skubon.
scribble, lupsnad.
scribble, lupenon.
scribbler, lupenel.
scribbling, lupenik.
scriblingly, lupeniko.

scribe, penel.

scrip, penedil.

scriptural, hibiV.

Bcripturalist, &!5el.

scripture, bib.

scrofula, skof.

scrofulous, skofik..

scrofulousness, skofat.

scroll, Used, rol.

scrub, luklof.

scrub, suipon.

scrubber, suipel.

scruple, Jemoi.

scruple, dot'6n, zogon.

sorupvilosity, smaZnof.

scrupulous, zogik, dotik.

scrutable, ds.vestigik, danoiik.

scrutination, davesiig, danoi.

scrutineer, Asivestigel.

scrutinize, d.a,vestigon, danoffin.

scrutiny, xa,m, xdmaxa, danof.

sculptor, kodel.
sculptural, kodik.
sculpture, kod.
scvilpture, kodon.

GBAM.MAB. OF VOLAPiiK.

373

scum, skom.

scum, skomon.

scummy, skomik.

scurrility, jap, gag.

scurrilous, gagik.

scurrilously, ^a^iko.

scurrilousness, gag.

scurvy, ^a<?ik.

scythe, sulanel.

sea, mel.

seal, snil.

seal, snilon.

sealer, snilel.

sealing, snilsmi

seam, sim.

seam, simon.

seaman, mela,n, melel

seamster, oi-ndgel.

seamstress, of-na^el.

sea-port, pof

sear, s^ik.

sear, sigon.

searce, sib.

searce, sibon.

search, xam, aamam.

search, xamon.

searcher, xdmel.

searching, xdma,m.

searchingly, .Tamiko.

sea-sickness, melamalad.

season, sasod.

season, pitSn, madoa.

seasonable, fiigik, gebik., pohk.

seasonableness, geb, pot, fag

seasonably, ^eftiko, poto fdglik.

seat, sied.

seat, siadoTn, pladon.

secede, dediton, mofon.

seceder, seditel, mo/el.

flecession, sedit, teildbva..

seclude, s&kikon..

secluded, sett'Hk.

seclndedly, seizfco.

seclusion, setsfem.
seclusive, sefct'Hk.
second, sekun, teZid noel.
second, yufon.
secondary, telii.
secrecy, aoal, kldnoi.
secret, kldn.
secret, kldrak, saalik.
secretary , penadan, sekretel.
secretaryship, penddanet.
secrete, kldnofon.
secreted, kldnqfik, seditik.
secretion, kldnofaxa, sedit.
secretly, kldnofik.
secretness, klaniii.
sect, ziip.

section, tabled, diamed.
secelar, volik.
secularity, volof.
secularization, volotam.
secularize, uoZofon.
secure, kudaZtwk,
secure, fose;-on, jelon.
securely, sefiko.
secuxeness, sef.
security, ibsef, sef.
sedate, so/ik, stUik.
sedately, so/iko.
sedateness, sof.
sedative, stilol.
sedition, volut.
seditionary, volutik.
seditious, volutik.
seditiously, volutiko.
seditiousness, volufot.
sedulity, zil.
sedulous, vobik, ziVik.
sedulously, zzViko, woJiko.
sedulousness, zil.
see, logon, Asdogan.
see! eko!
seed, sid, sov.
seed, sovan, sidon.

374

GBAMMAE OP VOLAPUK.

seedy, sidik.
seedsman, aiAa,ted6\.
seeing, logB,Tci.
seek, sukQn..
seeker, siikel.

seel, kikon, slopoa.

seem, jinon.

seeming, firak.

seemingly, Jin&o.

seemingness, finGi.

seemliness, lepoJ.

seemly, leporik.

seer, loge>l, plofet.

seethe , kilkmi.

seize, sumon, gleipon..

seizer, sumA, gleipel.

seizure, Zafeam.

seldom, neo/en.

select, seuaHk.

select, sevdlon.

selection, sewaZam.

self, it.

selfish, itasM'Hk.

selfishly, itasafciko.

selfishness, itasiik, iQnildf.

self-love, itasafc, lomlof, I6f6k.

sell, tedon., selon.

seller, seZel.

semblance, jin, leigiiA.

semhlant, leigih.

seminary, seminad.

senate senat.

senator, cifal seraatel.

senatorial, senatelik, zelik.

send, sedon, poton.

sender, sedei.

sensation, sen, senam.

sense, sen, suem, suemal,

ifcapal, suemSji, sien lisan.
senseless, neZisamk, nesenik.
senselessly, neZesaniko, neseniko.
senselessness, nesen, neZjsare.

sensibility, semi.

sensible, senik, Zisareik, senidk..

sensibleness, senGi.

sensibly, sereiko, Zisaniko,

seniAko.
sensitive, senik.
sensitively, seniko.
sensual, midSlik.
sensualism, midal.
sensualist, yofah.
sensuality, midal.
sensualization, mid&ltaa.
sensualize, mid^lon.
sensually, mtdaliko.
sensualness, mz^al.
sensuously, midaliko.
sensuoussness, amidal.
sentence, cMat, piiksdi, se^,
sentence, cbd'dn, codofon,

codaicm.
sentential, piikedik.
sententailly, pukediko.
sententious, pukedTik..
sententiously, piikediko.
sententiousness, pukedoi.
sentient, senik, senamik.
sentiently, senlik.
sentiment, sen fek.
sentimental, sereik.
sentimentality, senof, senaL
sentimentally, senlik.
separability teildf.
separable, iez'Zik.
separably, teiliko.
separate, teilou, livon.
separated, teilik.
separately, deiiilo.
separateness, soal.
separation, teilajn, teiL
separative, teilik..
separator, teilel.
sepiment, bud.
September, setul.

GKAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

375

septenary, cetelik.

septillion, velion.

sepulchral, sepit.

sepulchre, sep, \esep.

sepnltnre, sepaxa.

sequel, sek.

sequence, sek.

sequester, mopo2on.

sequestration, Taopolam.

sere, sigik. neZuniik.

serene, klQik, daii^alik.

serenely, hlibiik.

sereneness, daZiSl, klil.

serenity. Mil, A2tli&\.

series, ked.

serious, ca<fik, fefik.

seriously, yeilik.

seriousness, fef, cad.

sermon, pred.

sermon, predon.

serous, raflik.

serpent, snek,

servant, <^nefel, of-<fanel, ji-

dunei, dunaji.
serve, d^non, bedanon, iotelon.
server, diinan.
service, don, hedinam.
serviceahle, gehik, pB/utEk.
serviceableness, Axaiaml.
serviceably, ^eftlik, pofutSka.
servile, slafik.
servilely, sio/iko.
servileness, slafoi.
servility, slqfoi.
servitor, dunsta.
servitude, dun, slqfen.
set, tlup, kum.
set, sta£k.

set, pladon, planon, siadon.
setaceous, ie/ifc.
setter, siadel.
getting, siad, siadam.
settle, fonon, 6otemon.

settlement, 2onam, ialaxa.
settler, lonameX-
settling, lonam.
seven, vel.
sevenfold, veSk.
seventeen, halsevel.
seventeenth, balsecelid.
seventh, se2id.
seventhly, ceZido.
seventhpaxt, Yeidil.
seventieth, veldA.
seventiethpart, \ehedU.
seventy, refa.
seventyone, velseftoZ.
seventyfour, velse/oZ.
sever, teilon, deditdn.
several, ans, difik.
severally, diflik.
severe, le/afepik.
severely, lejalepink.
severeness, jalep, le/eHkof.
severity, jalep.
sew, no^on.
sewer, ot-ndgA.
sewing-machine, nagacin.
sex, gen.
sextant, maZum.
sextillion, wnJiion.
sextuple, mdSk.
sexual, ^enik.
sexually, ^enlik.
shabbily, 6n<flik, gag^ik.
shabbiness, iadvig, gag.
shabby, batSk, hadug, gagik.
shackle, Jan.
shackle, j'dnon.
shade, jad.
shade, j'adon.
shaded, ja£k.
shadily, /adlik.
shadiness, jadQt.
shadow, jad.
shadow, jadoo..

376

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

shadowy, ja£k.

shady, ja£k.

shaft, sop, riid.

shake, lemufoTci, dlemon.

shaker, lemufel, dlemel.

shallow, luaHk, nedibih.

shallowness, jiedib.

sham, doMk, neveladk.

sham, Jcofen, fco/am.

sham, ciiton, Tcofon

shame, jem, JemoA.

shame, jemon.

shamefaced, j'emils..

shamefacedly, /emiko.

shamefacedness, jemoi.

shameful, yemodik.

shamefully, yemodiko.

shamefulness, jemodoi.

shameless, ne/emik, nepwecZik.
, shamelessly, ne;miko, nepued-
iko.

shamelessness, rLeJemoi, laepued.

shank, gleip, sop.

shape, fom.

shape, f'dmon.

shapeless, ne/'omik.
-shapelessness, ne/6mof. ,

shapely, /omlik.

shaping, fimed, fom&m..

share, diloA.

share, diloAiia, dilon, sedil6n.

shareholder, hediledel, diloAel.

sharer, dilel, diloAel.

sharing, d«7am.

shark, jak.

sharker, jakel, glibei, luman.

sharking, Indun.

sharp, /opik, japaAik.

sharp, jap6n.

sharpen, japon.

sharply, /opiko, Sez'riko.

sharpness, jap, /opalof.

shatter, dil.

shatter, disvpon..'

shattered, disipHk.

shattery, Uelak.

shave, 6aK6el6n.

shaver, halibA.

shaving, 6aK6elam.

she, of.

shed, fluko^.

shed, spil6n.

shedder, spztel.

shedding, spil.

sheep, jip, ji-jip.

sheepfold, jipen,

sheepish, ^mik, luaVik.

sheer, IcUKk.

sheet, bled.

shelf, flul, klif, melsMif.

shelfy, hlifik.

shell, jal.

shell, jalao..

shellpd, jaWs..

shelly. jalUk.

shelve, fluKm..

shepherd, jipA.

shepherdess, ^i-jipA, ot-jipe}.

shield, le;M/, jiil.

shield, jelbn., jiilon.

shift, oein, kaf.

shift, cemon.

shifter, cemel, citel.

shifting, cemol"

shifty, cemik, kafik.

shin, klaut.

shine, jin, nid.

shine, Uton, nidon,

shining, nidik, ;mik.

shiny, nidik, klilik.

ship, naf.

shipping, naf en.

shipwright, nafaffemel.

shirt, jit.

shiver, dlemSn.

shivering, dlem&xa..

GEAMMAH OF VOLiPuK.

377

shiveringly, dlemiik.

shoal, lemod; iiedib.

shoal, nerfeOik.

shoaly, nedehik.

shock, jok.

shock, skanoQ, no/on, j'okon.

shocking, skanik, jokik.

shoe, jnk.

shoe, j'ukon.

shoemaker, Jukel.

shoemakiiig, j'tiken.

shoot, jut.

shoot, juton.

shooter, Jutel.

shooting, Jutsfm.

shop, buig, lemacem.

shore, jol.

short, blefik,

shorten, blefoTi.

shortly, blefo, hletimo, nelonedo.

shortness, blef.

shot, jxxt.

shouZder, jot.

shoulder, j'oton.

shout, hwok.

shout, \uvok6ii.

shouter, lavokel.

shouting, Inwofcem.

shove, jok,

shove, jokaa.

shovel, kup.

shovel, kupon.

shoveler, kvpA-

show, dek, \ximagif, jon.

show, jonon.

shower, ;onel.

shower, mod.

shower, Jimibon, silavaton.

showeriness, lomibof.

showery, tomtftik.

showily, nuSko.

showiness, jonnm., m.agif nid.

showing, magifik., ni<fik.

showman, magifA.

showy, n«fik, magifik.

shrew, ot-magilge\..

shrewd, lu»isedik, kafik.

shrewdly, luvisedo, kafiko.

shrewdness, hwisedug

shriek, hxvok.

shriek, lujjofcon.

shrieking, luvokGl,

shrift, koef.

shrine, likadaJcad, latam.

shrink, plif.

shrink, dlemon.

shrinking, dlemik.

shrinMngly, dlemiko.

shrive, koef on

shriver, koefel.

shroud, jiil.

shroud, j'ulon, tegon, \>eklot6n.

shroudy, j'ulik.

shrub, lu6m, smabim. Job.

shrubby, lubimik, fobik.

shrug, /oiam.

shrug, joton, tforilon.

shudder, diem.

shudder, dlemon.

shuddering, dlemik.

shudderingly, dlemiko.

shuffle, pemam.

shufflle, lemu/on, pemon

shuffller, \emufe\, pemel. ciitel.

shuffling, kafik.

shufflingly, ciltiko.

shun, plafon, viton.

shut, kikon.

shutter, litaxn, lita,niii/ot. kikel.

shy, plafik.

shy, pla/6n, jedon.

shyly, plaf iko, plaflik.

shyness, plaf.

Siberia, Sibiran.

Siberian, Sibirdnel.

Siberian, Sibvrdnik.

378

GEAMMAK OF VOLAPnK.

sick, maladTik. ■
sicken, maladou.
sickemng, naudSs..
sickliness, naud, maladoi.
sickly, maladoSk..
sickness, malad, naud.
siden, flan,
sideways, /?Bnik.
sieve, sib.

sift, siJon. '

sifter, sibA.
sightless, Meimk.
sightliness, jon, venud.
sightly, ySnik.
sigil, snil.

sign, maMn, diso^enon.
signal, mak, mal.
signal, mdkon.
signature, disqpenam.
signer, disqpenel, majfcel.
signet, snil.
significance, veiit.
significant, veiitik
significantly, veiito.
signification, ma/am, veiit.
significative, veiitik., wiaZamik.
significatively, veiito.
signify, malon, sinifon.
silence, stil, nepiik.
silence, nepfiion, stildn.
silence! pafa&erfo, taked6\
silent, nepSHk, stilik !
silently, nepwHko, stiliko.
silentness, stilQi, nepiikoioi.
silk, satin,
silken, satinik.
silkiness, satinoi.
silkman, satinaierfel
silkworm, satin&xmm.
silky, satinik.
sillily, InaZiko.
silliness, lucj'Wf.

silly, lucz'Hk.

silt, slam.

silvan, fotik.

silver, silef, silin(Ag.)

silver, sile/ik,

silver, sile/6n.

silvery, silef ik.

similar, leigik., ISnik,

similarity, leig.

similarly, leigo.

simile, leiyViA.

similitude, leigaA, ieleig.

simple, 6aZnalik, balik, luaZik.

simpleness, 6a/ikug, lua78f.

simpleton, trof.

simplicity, 5aZikug.

simplification, finZiikam.

simplify, Saffikon.

simply, te, to.

simulate, simulon.

simulation, simul (szmuZam.Y

simulator, simulel.

simultaneously, togo.

sin, sin.

sin, sinon.

since, also, ibo.

since, sis.

sincere, kciniidik, ra?/alik.

sincerely, kdniido, nifalo.

sincereness, kanudj nifal.

sincerity, kantid, nifal.

sinew, nev.

sinful, sz'mik.

sinfully, seraiko.

sinfulness, sinot.

sing, ^amVSn.

singer, kanitel.

singing, kauit.

single, haladik., JaZnalik, soaZik,

leSaHk.
single, nepema^ol.
single, Baffin,
singleness, daSaZod, ianiid.

GllAMJIAB OP VOLAPUK.

37»

singly, lehalo, te.

singular, banunzik, seledmk,

patik..
singiilarist, selednah.
singularity, h&num'di, selednoi.

pat.
singularly, pato, seledniko.
sinister, vcidik, neteftik, doiik.
sinisterly, neZafto, doiiko.
sinistral, vddik, dobik-
sinistrally, viidiko, neliibo.
sinistrous, vodik.
sink, dison.
sinless, ne^mik.
sinlessly, nesmiko.
sinlessness, nesmof. ■
sinner, sznel.
sinuate, di6/e^on.
sinuation, Aiblegajn.
sinuosity, klug.
sinuous, klugik.
sion, siop.
sip, (ZZtnadil.
sip, lu<?/m6n, ninsujfon.
sipper, hidlinel.
sir, sol.
sire, lesol, fat.
sister, ji-blod,
sisterhood, ji-blodiig.
sister-in-la"w,ji-lio6Zoc?,of-bo6/od.
sisterly, ji-blodik.
sit, siedon.
site, seit.
sith, bi.
sitter, siedel.
sitting, giedol.
situate, seisiik.
situated, seisdk.
situation, stad.
six, mal.
sixfold, mdlik.
sixteen, balsemdl.
sixteenth, balsemaiid.

sixteenthpart, balsemaWil.
sixth, main.
sixthcase, kmmfal.
sixthpart, raaldil.
sixthly, mdliio.
sixtieth, malsid.
sixtiethpart, mafeedil.
sixty, mals.
sixtynine, malsezaZ.
size, glet, fdm.
size, ma/dn.
sizy, tonik.
skilful, /agik, skilik.
skilfully, fdgiko, sMiko.-
skilfulness, fag.
skill, sev, slik, skiil.
skilled, eplakol.
skim, skdm
skim, skomoji.
skimmer, skomel.
skin, skin, skiin.
sMn, skinon.
skinner, skinei.
skinny, sfcmik, nepz'raik.
skirmish, lupu^.
skirmish, lu^u^dn.
skirmisher, hipugel.
skirt, flan, sim, mied..
skit, nevo !
skull, kapaftom.
sky, sul, sil.
skeyey, siilik
skyish, siilik.
sky-light, litasaw.
slabber, luspufon.
slabberer, lusputel.
slack, nedu&k, soluAk.
slacken, fezo^on, lunon^
slackly, netiudik.
slackness, nedut.
slake, noson.
slaked, peniisBl.
slaking, nosik.

380

GKAMMAK OP VOLAPUK.

slander, slan.

slander, slanon.

slanderer, slanei.

slanderous, sZonik.

slanderously, slan\ik.

slanderousness, slan, slanoi.

slant, slolak.

slanting, sloVik.

slantingly, sfoSiko, slohViko.

slap, flap.

slap, fiap'6ia..

slash, kot, slit,

slash, hoton.

slaughter, sab&a., lumzien.

slaughter, lumzielon, wzVelon,

mblodlin.
slaughtered, pemttelol.
slaughterer, mitA.
slaughterous, moZodik.
slaughterously, molodiko.
slave, slaf, of-slaf, ji-slaf.
slave, slafoji.
slavery, sla/esa..
slavish, slaf&.
slavishly, sto/iko.
slavishness, slafoi.
slay, /uraBn, molodon, miJeZQon.
slayer, funA.

sleep, slip.

sleep, slipon.

sleeper, slipA.

sleepily, slipo, sliplik, sUpi\o.

sleepiness, slip'oi

sleepless, nesZipik.

sleeplessly, nes?j))iko.

sleeplessness, neslip, nesUpot.

sleepy, slipii..

slender, slenik

slenderly, sZenlik, sleniko

slenderness, slen.

slide, slifum.

slide, slif on.

slider, slifel.

slight, nestiim, liestim.

slight, ^wlik.

slighten, nestumon, nestiman.

slighter, nestiimel, nesfemel.

slightly, nemodo, nestiimiko.

slightness, pul, piiloi.

slily, viisediko.

slim, slenik

slime, slim.

sliminess, slimoi.

slimness) slen.

sliness, viised.'

slimy, slimik.

sling, jed.

sling, jedon.

slinger, jedA.

slink, mostopon.

slip, slup.

slip, seslupon, slupon.

slipper, -vomsjuh.

slipperiness, slup'di.

slippery, slupik. ■

slit, slit.

slit, sliton.

slitter, slit&\.

sloop, smareq/".

slop, fiv.

slope, sloVSs.,

slope, slohon.

slopeness, slob.

slopy, slohik.

sloth, nerfatel, nedut.

slothful, neiurik.

slothfuUy, neduto.

slothfulness, ■nedut.

slovenliness, sten, miot.

slovenly, muflik.

slow, ne«2/ik, nerfutik.

slowly, newi/o.

slowness, new/of, zog'oi.

slubberingly, lumeHk.

sludge, slam.

GBAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

381

slug, nedutel,
sluggard, net^u^el.
sluggish, nedurik.
sluggishly, nedutMk.
sluggishness, nedut.
slumber, Inslip.
slumber, lusZip5n.
slumberer, Inslipel.
slumbering, InsUpik.
shir, stenon, miotim, iuion.
sluttish, stenik, miotik.
sly, fcd/ik, vusedik.
slyly kafiko.
slyness, kaf,
smack, smek.
smack, lefdlon.
small, smalik.
smallness, smal, pul.
smaragd, nobasto«.
smart, dol.
smart, dolon.
smart, vi/ik, dolik.
smartly, vi/o.
smartness, vif, dolot,
smash, jedon.
smatter, lusey.
smatter, Insewon.
smatterer, Insecel.
smear, smiv.
smear, smivoJi.
smell, smel.
smell, smeloTL.
smeller, smelel.
smelling, smelik.
smelt, smetoTL.
smelter, smetel.
smeltery, smeten.
smile, smul.
smile, smiildn.
smiler, smulel.
smiling, smiilik.
smilingly, smiiliko.
smilingness, smiK>i-

smite, pSnina.. pudSn, flapon.
smiter, pun, jlapel, pudel.
smith, Wei.
smithy, lelelen.
smoke, smok.
smoke, smokSrx, sm'dkoa.
smoked, smoHk
smoker, smokei., sm'6ke\.
smokiness, smokoi.
smoking, smokwoa.
smoking room, smok&cem.
smoky, smokXk, smolcik.
smooth, sm«/"ik.
smooth, smu/on.
smoothly, smuflik.
smoothness, smuf.

smother, kofuda,vn., stom.

smother, stomon, kldnSion-

smoulder, lu_^ted6n.

snail, snel.

snake, snek.

snaky, sneMk.

snap, belt; tif,

snap, suTOon, tifon, hlekcm.

snapper, tiM, Mekei, beitel.

snatch, m«e/am.

snatch, mue/on.

snatcher, mue/el.

snatchingly, mtiefiko,

sneak, slu^el.

sneak, slupbn.

sneaking, slup'61.

sneakingly, slupiko.

sneap, hlamon.

sneer, kofon, befco/on, lu-
smzVon.

sneer, kofa,va., lusm^.

sneerer, fco/el.

sneering, kofik, lusmi?ik.

sneeringly, ko/iko, lusmilo.

sniff, natemon.

snore, luna?emon.

snorer, lunatemel.

382

GRAMMAB Or VOLAPUK.

snort, natemon,

snorting, natemik.

snout, Inrmid.

snow, nif.

snow, nifon.

snowy, nifik.

snuff, tahakeA..

snuff, geb'6a tabak^A..

snuffle, sjjfcon, nudon.

snuffler, siik&[, nudA.

snuff, box, tabakeA&Vdk.

so, also, aso, se kod at, sikod.

soak, miiedon, kop6n.

soaker, kopel, miiedel.

soaky, miiediV.

soapy, sobik.

sober, mafik, /e/ik, siidik,
soberly, mafiko.
soberness, »ia/8f, siidoi.
sobriety, siidoi, ma/of.
sociability, kopanag.
sociable, kopamk.
sociableness, kopanng.
sociably, kopaniko.
social, kopamk.
sociality, kopanag.
socialize, kopanon.
socially, kopaniko.
socialness, kopanug.
society, kopanom., klub.
soflfa, sod.
sofa, aof.

soft, miedik, so/ik.
soften, miiedbn, meilad6n.
softened, miedik, so/ik.
softener, miiedel, so/e\. \
softening, fibaxa, miidaxa,

meilad, meiladSim..
softly, dus5! miiediko.
softner, meitorfel.
softness, zadal. sof.
sobo! M!

soil, miot, sten.

soil, iieraSn, miotbu.

soiled, miolXk, stenik.

soiliness, miot, sten.

sojourn, 6fa'68n.

sojourner, hlibA.

sojournment, 6Zt6am.

solace, tlodou.

solacement, tlod.

solder, solddn.

solderer. soldonA.

soldier, solat.

soldiery, solai&k.

sole, soalik, leftaKk, ftaZadik.

solely, soaliko.

solemb, zelm.

solemness, zel, zeloi.

solemnity, zel, zeloL

solemnizaton, zeZ.

solemnize, zeZon.

solemnly, zeliko, zetoik.

soleness, soal.

solicit, 6efc5n, hegbn, dieheffon,

solicitant, bekel, begel.

solicitation, beg.

solicitor, fte^'el.

solicitous, gli/ik.

solicitously, glif lik. begiko.

solicitude, glif-tlep.

solid, soliidik.'

solidity, solud, fwmili.

solidly, solndSko.

solidnesa, solud.

solitaire, soatel.

solitarily, soalKko.

solitariness, soal,

solitary, soaVik.

solitude, soal,

solo, baVixxa..

solvability, /"flmat.

solvable, pliin^, fiimik.

solvableness, /iiraat, planoi.

solve, plan'6n.

GRAMMAR OF TOLAPiiK.

383

solver, pldnel.

some, ans, anik(s).

somebody, ek, sembal.

somehow, modo.

sometiing, bos.

sometime, senikitim.

sometimes, sofomo.

somewhat, bos, ioso.

somewhere, sewop, egef(o).

somewhereelse, uoriko.

son, son.

song, kanit, hanitem..

songster, kanitA.

songstress, yi-kanitA, oi-lcanitA.

son-inlaw, luson.

sonorous, benoZonik.

sonorously, benoioniko.

sonorousness, benoZon .

soon, suno, lesuno.

soot, sut.

sooth, vdauk.

soothe, sft76n.

soother, stilA

soothing, sft'iam.

soothingly, 5ft"fiko.

sooty, surik.

sore, doliSs..

sorely, tonals..

soreness, dol.

sorrily, pofVik.

sorrow, glnm, dol.

sorrowful, pidik.

sorrowfally, glurmk.

sorrowfulness, ghm&X.

sorry, glurmk.

sort, sot, bid.

sort, soton.

sorter, sotel.

sot, fop.

sottish, fopik.
tsottishly, /o;jiko.

sottishness, fopea.
.soul, Ian.

sound, ton.

sound, tonou.

sounding, gldk&m.

soundly, saunik.

soundness, suan.

soup, sup.

sour, ziid.

sour, zUdSs..

source, rig.

souring, z«rfam.

sourish, zawflik.

sourishness, ziidimk.

sourly, ziido.

sourness, zildal.

South, Sulud.

south, suliidik.

South-East, SuliiZe/arf.

South-Easterly, sa]MefUdo.

Sout-Eastern .., suluie/wd.

South-West, SuliivesKd.

South-west, suliiwsKdik.

South-Westerly, suluuesfirfo.

sovereign, solun.

sow, sowon.

sower, sowel.

sowing, soaen.

space, spad.

spacious, spadOs..

spaciously, spado.

spaciousness, spadoi, spadop.

spade, sopon.

span, span.

span, spanon.

Spanish, spdrak.

spanner, spanel.

spare, spaion, spaten.

sparing, spaZiid.

sparing, spaZik.

spaningness, spal.

spark, spag.

sparkful, spagik..

sparkish, spajiik.

sparkle, spag'on.

384

GBAMMAB OP VOLAPuK.

sparkle, spag.
sparkler, spagel.
sparrow, sp^r.
spatter, . sputon.
spawn, smaf.
spawn, sma/Hn.
speak! sCigol paso^'oj
speak, piikoiL, vodon.
speaker, pilkel.
spear, sped,
spear, spedon.
spearman, spedel.
special, padk.
specially, pa&o.
specialty, pat.
speck, spek.
speckle, spek.
spectacle, jov.
spectacles, liin.
spectator, Zo^edel.
spectre, spuk, Intikal.
speculate, sidmon, helogon.
speculation, beZo^am
' speculatist, beZo^el. ,
speculative, beZo^ik.
speculatively, heloglik, be%iko.
speculativeness, siiimoi.
speculator, beZo^el.
speech, puk, sag, lenpiik.
speech, pukon, lenp^fcon.
speed, spid.
speed, spidon.

speeder, spidA. '

speedful, spidiik.
speedily, spido.
speediness, spid.
speedy, spidik.
spell, magug.
spell, silaVoTi.
speller, sildbA.
spelling, sz7aJam, lotogaf.
spend, ditMu.
spendthrift, Zifcamel.

spew, Xusput^To., sputon.

spewer, luspuiel, sputA.

spice, zib, spir, pit.

spice, zibou, spirbn.

spicer, zibel, spirel.

spicy, piiik.

spill, tometon.

spin, spulon.

spindle, sped.

spinner, spulel.

spinningworks ; spulen.

spinster, ji-spulel, of-spulel.

spirit, spit, tikal, Ian.

spirit, Zanon.

spirited, spitik.

spirits, spit.

spiritual, spiak, tikahiik..

spiritualism, siiimoi, val^.

spirituality, iifcalnof

spiritually, fo'telnik.

spit, sped.

spit, spedSn.

spit, sputon.

spite, 'et, ponit.

spiteful, '^etik, badxigik.

spitefully, "^eriko, ftarfugiko.

spitefullness, ^etof, badng.

spitter, spw^el.

splash, fiv, lu?afcil.

splendid, glolik, magifik.

splendidly, gloliko.

splendour, magif, nid.

splice, sUton.

splice, slita,m.,

splint, sUton.

split, slit.

split, sliton.

splitted, slitik,

splitter, slitel.

spoil, lapin.

spoil, lapinon, distukbn.

spoiler, lapinel, distukel.

spoilful, lapinik, distukik.

GRAMMAH OF VOLAPUK.

sponsion, spon.

sponsor, sponel, sponel.

sponsorial, sponehk.

gponsorship^ spon.

spoon, spun.

spoon, spunon.

spoonej', dfroZik.

sport, pled, cog, drol, yagen.

sport, pledon, bofon, yofaa.

sport.er, kofal, fasedel.

sportfiil drolii., yo/ik, bofiln.

sportfally, drolmk, yofo.

sportfalness, yof, 6o/en,

sportsman, 6o/el, yagA.

spot, jemoA, sten, plad.

spot, stenon, miotozi.

spotless, nestenik, nebe^fenik.

spotlessly, nebesfeniko.

spotlessness, nebesten.

spotted, siemk, miotik.

spotter, stenel, mtotel.

spotty, sienlik, mioMk.

spouse, ji-matel.

spouse, Tnafokon, maton.

spout, skut.

spout, skuton.

spray, tuigil.

spread, fag.

spread, veiton.

spreader, veitel.

spreading, veitaro.

spree, fcopon.

sprig, tu^ni-

spriggy, toa/ik.

spriglit, spuk, lu^i^al.

spiightful, yofitk, Ufik.

sprightfuUy, yofliko, yofo.

sprightfulness, yof, yofaX.

sprightliness, yof, gaJal.

sprightly, yo/lik, lifiik..

spring, flolaiiOT.

spring, flolaz/mik.

spring, rig, bun, /oraad, fon.

spring, feunon, ybnon.
springer, 6unel.
springing, feunik, fomk
springtime, flola^jm.
sprout, gelmin.
sprout, gelmtniiTi.
spume, skom.
spume, skomon.
spumy, skomik.
spumous, skomik.
spur, stigbii.
spur, spor.
sputter, sput.
sputter, sp««6n.
squabble, zan.
squabble, zanon.
squabbler, zanel.
squadron, jvadan, skad.
square, vadat, fola^ara.
square, vadatik.
squre, vadaton.
squ'Erely, vadatlik.
squaeak, luuofcem.
squeak, lut'oMn.
squeaker, luvokel.
squeeze, pedsun.
squeeze, pedon.
squeezer, pedei.
squeezing, ^erfik, pedaadk.
squirrel, yat.
stab, spinaja.
stab, spinSu, dagoa.
stabber, spinel.
stability, fim, leveloi.
stable, ^njik, leveKk, dulik.
stableboy, jevala,n.
stableness, fim, leoeKt.
stag, stag,
stage, stad, t«at.
stagger, so^on.
staggering, zog, dot.
staggeringly, zoyiko.
stagnancy, tak.

25

386

GBAMMAK. OF VOlAPtlK.

stagnate, takon.

stagnation, tnlc.

stain, sten.

stain, stenon.

stained, stenik.

stair, slab.

stake, venud, kin&w..

stake, veniidon, fcmdn.

stale, batasife.

stall, buig.

stallion, lejeval.

stammer, stotbn.

stammerer, stotel.

stammeringly, stbdko

stamp, penedtimak.

stamp, stap, jok.

stamp, stdpbn, rnakoji, jokon.

stand, stan, storabp.

stand, stanoa.

standard, j/ia/am.

standing, stanHX.

standing, cal, stad.

star, stel.

starch, poded, kleb.

starch, sftyik.

starch, podedon.

starcher, ]i-p6dedel, oi-podedel.

stai'chness, stif, stenud(6f).

stare, lufojram; star.

stare, InZo^on.

starer, luZog'el,

staring, luiog'ik.

staring, Inlog.

staringly, luZo^iko.

start, begin, jek.

start, beginon, jekon.

starter, beginel.

starting, 5«^mik, jekik.

startingly, ^eHik.

startle, /efcSn.

startle, jek, jekstxa.

startling, jeHk.

startlingly, j'eklik.

starvation, deilam, (plo potiit).

starve, deilon, (plo potiit)

state, cal, stad, stajen, sied, tat.

state, lesagQyi, lediikon.

stateliness, cad, dinit.

stately, gloliko, magiflik.

statement, nomani.

statesman, camel.

station, stejen, cal, stad.

station, pladon.

stationary, stan, stonop.

stationer, bukaseZel, popase/el.

statistics, statit.

statue, fcoflfab, koAsihakd lihu.

stature, fom.

statute, statud.

stay, stop, ytif.

stay, yufoa, stopon.

stead, plad.

steadily, leveliko, Jimiko.

steadiness, flm, leveloi

steady, _^mik.

steatiy, fimon.

steal, tifoTo..

stealer, tifel.

stealing, tifo\.

stealingly, ft/liko.

stealth, tifen..

stealthful, tifl&.

stealthy, ft/ik.

steam, stem.

steam, stemon, stomon.

steam-boat, stemaio^

steam-engine, stemacm.

steamer, stema5o<,

steamy, siemik.

steed, jeval.

steel, 4ulin.

steel, diilinik.

steely, diiliniik.

steep, miiedoa.

steeple, tvim.

steer, gub'na.

GKAMMAR OF VOLAIUK.

187

stem, stam.

stem, stopon.

stench, lusmel.

stenography, vifapenadav.

step, step.

step, slepoa.

step-brother, Inblod.

step-child, Incil.

step-daughter, ji-liison, of-luson.

step-father, \afat.

step-mother, Imnot.

step-sister, y.-hiblod-. oi-hxblod.

step-son, luson.

sterility, ae/et.

stem, jalepik.

st-emly, /atepiko.

sternness-, jalep.

stick, spatin.

stick, klebon.

sticky, klebik.

stiff, sti/ilsi.

stiffen, stifon.

stiffener, slifel.

stiffly, sti/aik.

stiffness, stif.

stifle, muedon, nefiedon.

stile, put.

still, stilik.

still, stilcn.

stiller, stilel.

stilling, stilaxLi.

stillness, stil

itilly ! so ! takedo !

stimulant, stigik.

stimulate, stigon.

stimulation, stigdum.

stimulative, stiglik.

stimulator, stigel.

sting, stig.

sting, spitwn.

stinger, fpinel, stigel.

stingUy, motw-liko, fUliko.

stinginess, ful.

stingy, stigik, fiilik, 7»07»alik.

stink, lasmel.

stink, lusmelon, smelon badlik.

stinkard, lusmefel.

stint, lonam.

stipend, leinesed.

stipend, lemesedon..

stipple, piinon.

stipulate, slipQa,

stipulation, stip, stipa,m.,

stipulator, stipel, Zonel.

stir, hoset.

stir, mufon, miifon.

stirrer, mti/el, mii/el.

stirring, mu/ol, mvfo\.

stirrup-xanamet^.

stitch, stik.

stitch, stikon.

stitched, sfzAik.

stitcher, stikA, oi-stikel, ji-

stikei.
stitching, s//ten.
«tock, gleip, stam, stok.
stock, blimrm, stokijn.
stockfish, stokiit
stocking, stog.
stoke, Jil6Q, fonon.
stoker, yonel.
stomach, stomag.
stone, aton.
stone, stondn.
stoner, stonA.
stony, stonsik.
stool, stal.
stoop, don/uton.
stop, stop, stop,
stop, stopbn, stopon, neleton.
stoppage, stopam, stop,
stopper, stopel, stopel.
store, cajo&magad, stok.
store, stoion.
stork, stor.
storm, tep.

388

GUAMMAB OP VOLAPuK.

storm, tepon.
stormer, tepel.
storminesa, iepoi.
stormy, iepils..

story, mar, Insag, koned, kon.
stout, Mnik, pienik.
stoutly, kimko, Zanzmiko.
stoutness, kin, dUfag.
stove, fdn.
stow, kumon.
straggle, polon.
straggler, polel.
straggling, p67ik.
straggling, polxih.
stragglingly, ^joHko.
straight, stedik.
straighten, stedbn.
\straigMly, stediko.
straightness, sted.
strain, pedTam.
strain, pedoji.
strainer, pedel.
straining, pedaxa.
strait, stedik.
straitly, stedikO'
straitness, sted.
strand, jol.
strand, jolon.
strange, seledmk, fogimk.
strangely, seZeefniko.'
strangeness, seledabi, foginiit.
stranger, fogine\, foginah, se-

Zcinel.
strangle, lepetfon.
strangled, lepedik.
strangler, leped&l,
strangling, leped, leperfam.
straw, stol.
strawberry, ial&bdl.
strawy,' stoZik.
stream, le/lum, flum.
stream, flumUn.
streamer, flumel.

streamlet, ,/Zumil.

streamy, ^amik.

street, sut.

strength, stenildoi, stenud.

strengthen, ndmon, stehudon,

valiidon.
strengthener, steniidel.
strenuous, ba/olik, steniidik.'
strenuously hafolo, sieniido,.
strenuousness, ledul, zil.
stress, leheZojiam, mefcad.
stress, jembn.
stretch, tienon, tenon.
stretched, -petien&i.
stretcher, tienel.
strew, disipbn.
strewing, disip, disip&ra..
strickt, kaludik.
stricktly, kaludo.
stricktness, kaludSt.
stride, step,
stride, stepQn.
strife, dikod, zan; steif.
strifeful, dikodik, zanik.
strike, flapSja, ZonSn, (of clocks.)
striker, flapel.
strikingly, konsidiko.
string, jain, tan, le/ad.
string, benotonSn.
stringy, jainik, tamk.
strip, neie^on, niidon, jalaa.
strive, steifan, zanSn, dikodfiT:\.
striver, steif A; dikodel, aanel.
striving, steif axa.
stroke, jok, copamr
stroke, /okon.
stroker, j'okel,
stroking, Joklik.
stroll, pSliue^am, tudil.
stroll, pOliBe^ron.
stroller, ■pblivegel.
strong, steniidik. namik.
stronger, steniidikwm.

GKAMMAK OF VOLAPUK.

strongly, stenudo, namiko.
strop, jaiml.
structnral, 6untik.
structure, bum, 6umot
struggle, komip, steif
struggle, komipon,' steifoa.
straggler, komg>el, steifel.
struggUng, komipik.
strut, bldtam..
gtmt, bloton.
strutter, ln^2o/el
etabborn, kinik, totfalik.
stubbornly, kiniko, toda^o.
stubbornness, kin, todal.
student, studel.
studied, estn£k., pefufol.
studious, studol, zUik.
studiously, 2tZiko.
studiousness, dut, dutot.
study, stud.
study, studon
stuff, laklqf, stof, stof.
stuff, /uldn.
staffing, fulol.
stumble, so^on.
stump, netipik.
stump, netipon.
stumpy, jietipik..
stun, stundn
stunning, stunik.
stupe, ^toftel.
stupe&ction, stun, nesen.
stupefactive, stunik.
stupefy, stunon.
stupendous, siunik.
stupendously, sturdko.
stupendousness, stunot.
stupid, stupik, globik.
stupid, stupA, globel.
stupidity, stup, stujal, glob,
stupidly, stiqAik.
stupidness, stup, glob.
«tnpified, stunik.

stupifier, stunel.
stupify, stunon.
stupor, nesen, stun,
sturdily, ioloOko, ne/emiko.
etardiness, bolot, ne/emof.
sturdy, bolotik.
stutter, stot.
.stutter, stolon.
stutterer, stotel
stuttering, slotik.
stutteringly, stotiko.
style, stul, mod.
style, tiddon, calan^mou.
styUsh, cotfik.
styHshuess, cad.
suavity, Id/lot.
subdue, lepeddn.
subdued, l^etfik.
subduer, lepedel-
subject, lonedel, subyet.
subject, yokiin, subyeton
subjection, yoiam, subyetsna.
subjective, yokik, subyetik.
subjectively, yoHko, subyetiko.
subjoin, la^iKon.
subjugate, yokoa.
subjugation, yokaia.
subjugator, yokel.
subjunctive. m6ga&«Z(ik).
subline, cddik, subimik.
sublimely, subimiko, bizu^lik.
sublimeness, subim, cad.
sublimity, subim, bizu^of.
submission, lonedoi.
submissive, Kne£k.
submissively, ldne£ko.
submiasiveness, Vinedoi
submit, yoifcon, loveieton.
subordinate, lonedik.
subscribe, disopenon.
subscriber, disqpenel.
subscription,desqpen,disqpenam.
subsist, siZimon.

390

GB.AMMAU OF VOLAPUK.

subsistent, siimik.
substance, itof, kop.
substantial, iiik, kopik.
substantiality, itof
substantialize, volekon.
substantially, itiko.
substantive, itik
substantive, subsat.
substantively, itiko,
substitute, pladal.
substitute, pladaVdn.
substitution, pladalimi.
substract, lunon.
subtile, slenik, /einik
subtilely, sZeniko, feino.
subtileness, slen, fein.
snbtility, fein, slen.
subtle, \w.hruti\L, ia/ik.
subtleness, \x\.oisedx\g.
subtlety, \avisedxig.
subtract, lunon.
subtracter, Z«nel.
subtraction, lunaxa.
suburb, \yi.zif.
succeed, plop&xi, sukom.
succeeder, swtel.
success, fin, lab.
successful, liiKk.
successfully, te'ftiko.
successfulness, lab
succession, ked, suk, sukaxa..
snccessional, fcerfik', s«Hk.
successive, tenfik, siiHk.
sviccessively, kedWo.
successor, sukdi.
succour, yuf
succour, yuf6n
succoiirer, j/«/el
such, som.
suck, sugon.
sucker, sugel.
snckling, sugel.
suction, sugoA.

sudden, sitpttik.

suddenly, siipito.

suddenness, slipit.

sue, \ehegm, plekm.

suffer, s«/5n, liedoix.

sufferable, sw/ik.

sufferably, liedo, su/iko.

sufferance, lied.

sufferer, liedA, su/el.

suffering, lied

suffering, lied'ik.

sufferingly, /zerfiko-

suffice, satm, binon sdtik^

sufficiency, sat.

sufficient, satik.

sufficiently, sariko.

suffix, plapod.

suffix, pldpodon.

sugar, jueg.

sugar-cane, jueg&rid.

sugar-work, juegea.

sugary, jueg\\.

suggest, mobon.

suggestion, mo5am.

suggestive, vinegSk., m,6b\k.

suicide, iiam'dlod.

suit, beg, pozet, gita/e?"?, keel-

hlotsxa.
suit, pot^n, iafemon, fcto^oii.
suitable, polik.
suitably, jooriko.
suite, suk2iA, ked.
sulkiness, hadwg
sullen, 6a«?ugik.
sullenly, 6a<Zugiko.
sullenness, 6a«fug.
sully, sten.
sully, stenon, miotun.
sulphur, svefln.
sulphureous, svefinik.
sulphureously, svefiniko
sultry, leuomik.
sum, fin, suani.

GRAifMAR OF VOLAFUK.

391

sum, suamon.
summary, suamik.
snmmatioii. suamnm.
summer, 'itsttem.
summerlike, 'itsUimik.
summit, tipun, loprra.
summon, suflagon..
summoner, suflagel.
sumptuous, magifik.
gnmptuonsly, magtfiko.
sumptnousness, magif.
sun, sol.
sundag soldel.
snndayschool, soldelajul.
sunder, ieilon.
sundry, dif, dins difik.
sunny, sdSk.
sunset, solatfuam.
sunshine, solaZti!.
sup, ninsugron.
superb, magifik, glolSk,
superbly! magifb, ghlo\ jo!
snpercilious, pZewflk.
superciliously, pleido.
superciliousness, pleid.
superfine, lefeinik.
superfluity, bundan.
superfluous, nezesUd.
superfluously, neres??<fiko.
superfluousness, nezesiid.
superior, lopa, lopi .. lopo...
superior, eif, ldpa,\, lopel.
superiority, lop.
superlative, pliite'en.
snperlativeness, vij^of.
superstition, loviJclod.
superstitious, loyiklodik.
8ui)er8titiou3ly, loviiMtSko.
supine, iiseiDaiid.
supinely, diseinaJiifik, nedu^ik.
supineness, aedut.
supper, vendelalefid.
supplant, lepedon.

supple, flegik, yurmk.
supple, ^umikon.
supplement, lagiv,
suppleness, yumof.
suppliant. le&£^ik.
suppliant, lebegel.
suppliantly, leSe^ko.
supplicant, lefe^el.
supplicant, lebegik.
supplicate, plekan, leJe^on.
supplication, leSe^am.
supply, fimaxn, {osteniidam.
supply, giviyn, kalon, hlimou.
support, yiif.
support, yufon.
supporter, yii^eX.
supposable, niliuSk.
suppose, niludon.
supposal, nUud.
supposer, niludel.
supposition, nilud.
suppress, leperfon.
suppressed, lepedik.
suppression, leped, lejoedam.
supprsssive, lepecfik.
suppressor, lyiede].
supreme, lelopelik.
supremely, levemiino.
sure, zeladik, sefik, /umik.
surely, zelado.
sureness, zelad, sef. fam.
surety, zelad.
surety, sponel.
snige, vat&\abel.
surgeon, vunasa/iel.
surgery, vunsisanaJcan.
surgy, iepik.
surliness, iadag.
surly, iadngik.
surmise, nilud.
surmise, niludon.
surmiser, niludel
surmount, lovon, hevikodon.

392

GBAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

surname, lareem.
surname, lanemon.
surpass, lovon.
surplus, leman, likad.
surprise, ]egal, siipitajva., stun
surprise, sUpiton, stunon.
surprising, stunik.
surprisingly, stuniko.
surrender, love^'zuon.
surrender, lovegiv.
surround, ziimon.
survey, logstxa.
survey, logedtm.
suspect, ■mikonf.dXin.
suspend, Icikon.
suspence, dohik.
suspension, Zafcam.
suspicion, xaikonfid.
suspicious, vaikonjidik.
suspiciously, mikonfidiko.
suspiciousness, m.ikonfid.
sustain, siftmamcin, yufon, suf-

on, yiifon.
sustainer, yiifel, su/el.
sustainment, sifemam.
sutler, svidel.
swag, lagon.

swagger, luglolon, bo9'e!on.
swaggerer, Inglolel.
swaggering, Iwglol.
swallow, sval.
swamp, lulak.
swampy, Inlakik.
swan, svan.
swap, flap,
swap, flapon.
swarm, kum.
swarm, kiimon , Jumon
swarthy, hldgWk.
sway, flun, soZef, valfid.
sway, flunon, regon., solon.
swear, yulon.
swearer, neK6f«iIel.

swearing, yulg,m.
sweat, suet,
sweat, sueton.
sweater, suetel.,
sweatily, suetiko.
sweatiness, suetbi.
sweating-bath, suetaftan.
sweaty, suedk.
Sweden, Sved.
Swede, svedel.
Swedish, svedik.
sweep, suipon, svip'dn.
sweeper, suipel, svipel.
sweeping, suipol, svipik.
sweepingly, suipiko, svzpiko.
sweet, svidik.
sweeten, svidon.
sweetening, svidnja.
sweetly, svidik, Zd^lik.
sweetness, svid, Zo/l6f.
swell, pleidon.
swell, vataluieZ.
swelling, veital.
swerve, poliue^'on.
swerving, pbliwe^ram.
swift, vi/ik, skilik, fovik.
swiftly, vifo, foviko.
swiftness, vif, skul.
swilling, kopen.
swill, kopon.
swiller, kbpel.
swim, svimba.
swimmer, svimel.
swimming, sumol.
swimmingly, sujmolik.
swindle, Indun.
swindle, ludunon.
swindler, Inj'amep, ludunel.
swindling, luc?Mnik,
swine, svin.
swing, jek.
swingle, vehbn.
swingling, veb,

GRAMMAB OF VOIAPiiK.

393

fwinish, laminik, suinik.
swinishly, st7mlik.
swinishness, Insvinal.
Swiss, veizel.
Switzerland, Jveiz.
swoop, lejuton.
swoop, tokon.
sword, den, glaf.
swordman, solat.
syllabic, silabA
svllabical; silabi^
sylaMcally, siZaftiko.
syllahicate, sUaboJi.
syllabication, sUabaja.
eyllabist, sUabel.
syllable, silab.
symmetrical, leigsima/i]s.,
symmetricalness, leigama/of.
symmetrize, leigama/'on
svmmetry, leigama/
srmpathetic, keZierftk.
svmpathetical, keZiedik.

sympathize, pidon.
sympathy, 'kelied.
symphony, benoton.
symptom, dinad, kupamo/.
syntax, sutag.
Syria, Suran
syriac, siiranik.
Syrian, siiranel.
syringe, skat
syringe, skuton.
system, sit.
systematic, sitik.
systematical, sifik, SHUk.
systematecally, sidko, sUo, sit-

liko.
systematism, sitsl.
systematize, siton.
systematizer, siVel
systemic, sitik.
systemize, siton.
systole, sildba.hlefa.TS)..

T.

tabernacle, taber.
table, tab, letofi.
table, taboa.
tablet, tabil.
tabular, ta6ik, iaftUk.
tabnlarly, tofeliko.
tacit, nepKfcik.
ta-citly, n^wHko.
taciturn, nepijHk.
taciturnity, neipKkof.
taciturnly, nep»fciko.
tack, kluf'ii.
tact, sen.
tactile, senlik.
tail, gob.
tail, gohon.
tailor, teladA, klota,meke\.

tailor, leladou
tailoring, telad.
taint, lupa^.
taint, lupafcon.
taintnre, In^a^, sten, miot
take, sutncm., ploji'dn
taker, sumel.
taking, menalik.
tale, kon, fconed.
talent, talen.
talented, talenik.
tale-teller, konel.
talk, Inpiikot, piik.
talk, piikon.
talkative, lupaHk.
talkatively, \upiiko-
talkativeness, lupatof.

394

GRAMMAR OF V0L1.PUK,

talker, puhel, vdde\, lupiilc\.

talking, piikol.

tall, gletik, lonedii.

tallium, talin.

tallness, geilng, Zoned, glet.

tally, lanimik.

tamarind, ia/mhim.

tame, ne/oetik, sukalik.

tame, ne/oe<dn.

tamely, swfcaliko.

tameness, nefoetHf, sukal.

tamer, ne/o«iel.

tamper, medinon.

tan, taen'6n

tangibility, senlikof.

tangible, senilis..

tangibleness, senlikof.

tangibly, se«liko,

tangle, komplig.

tangle, komplig'dn.

tanhonse, taen.

tanner, taenel, sMta,n.

tannery, taen,

tannjn, ■ toenin.

tantalum, tanin.

tantalism, torn.

tantalize, tombn, vexadon.

tantalizing, tormik, r«radik.

tap, tubog

tap, nokm.

tape, tan.

taper flamSiA. Utah

taper, tip'6n.

taper, tipik.

tapestry, tap.

tar, melel.

tardily, ne//wo, zogiho.

tardiness, nedut, zog>5(.

tardy, zogiV, nedutik.

tariff, taif.

tarn, lulakii, fiv.

tarnish, stenon, mioton

tarnished, stenik, njjotik

tarrier, zogel.

tarry, zogSn.

tarrying, zog.

tart, konfed-ibakot, lehakoi.

tart, lezudik.

tartish, leziidlih.

tartly, leziido.

tartness, leziid.

taste, smek.

taste, mudon, giitOn, iesmekbn.,

tasteful, smekii..

tastefully, smeHko.

tastefulness, smekbi.

tasteless, nesmekik.

tastelessness, nesmek.

taster, blufel, fesm«tel guie\^

tastily, sineHik.

tasting, blu/am.

tasty, smefcik.

tatter^ hiklof.

tatter, slitbn-

tattered, laklofik, sUtik^

tattle, lupiikot.

tattle, lapiikbn.

tattler, lapiikel.

tattlery, \npiikoi.

tattling, hipiikoi.

tattlingly, hTpaJiotlik laj5?VAiko\.

taunt, levemiXno, legeilii..

taunt, nof.

taunt, no/On.

taunter, no/el

taunting, nofik.

tauntingly, no/'iko

taurus, xoil

tavern, wmop, labot lotbp,

taverner, loteh

tavern-keeper, lotA,

taw, jainbn.

tawdrily, luma^zTikch

tawdriness, ladekbi.

tawdry, lamagi/ik.

tawdry, Inmngifen.

GEAMMAK OF VOLAPuK.

395

tawer, jaineh
tawery, jainen.
tawniness, taeninoi.
tawny, taenimk.
tax, tlip, diiv.
tax, dimu.

taxation, <Z»uam, dfiv.
taxer, dawel.
taxing, dtti'ik, duvo\.
tea, tied,
teach, tidHn.
teachable, ««fik.
teacher, i«fel.
teaching, tidasa, tidaA.
tea-dealer, tiedel.
tea-drinker, tiedsbdlinel.
tea-kettle, tied-Mof il.
team, bof.
tea-pot, tiedaskal.
tear, dten; slit,
tear, sUton.
t«arer, slitel.
tearful, rftenik.
tearfulness, dlenoi.
tease, vexadon, tomon.
teaser, vexadel, iorael.
teasingly, vexad\ik, toTiiko.
tea-spoon, tied&spun
teat, tet.
technic, kaenik.
technical, kaemk.
technically, haeniko.
technics, kaen
tedious, zo^ik, lonedUT^ik
tedionsly, zoyiko
tediousness, Zonerffip.
tedium, naud, lonedup.
teem, paldn, /uton
teemfal, fluHk, fetik-
teemless, ne/erik, ■neftalak.
telegram, telegam.
telegraph, telegaf
telegraph, telegafm.

telegraphic, telegafik.
telegraphically, lelegaf\ko.
telegraphist, telega/A.
telegraphy, teiegaf(av).
telephone, telefon.
telephone, telefonoji.
telephonic, tele/onW.
telescope, telesop
telescopic, telesopHk.
telescopically, t&letopko.
tell, nuTOon, ^onon.
teller, numel (of fractions)

numaX (of persons),
temerarious, holedSs..
temerity, boled.
temper, ladaXastad, ladaXoA.
temper, meiladon.
temperament, ladaloA.
temperance, ma/M
temperate, ma/ik, su/ik.
temperate, ma/ukon.
temperately, ma/iko, swyiko.
temperateness, mafbi.
temperative, ma/akol.
temperature, tempat.
tempered, meiladik
tempest, tep.
tempestuous, iepik.
tempestuously, tepiko.
tempestuousness, tepoi.
templar, temA
temple, tem
temple-of the head, kapa-

flan.
temporal, Zmlik.
temporally, ftmliko.
temporarily, e'aniko.
temporariness, timloi
temporary, varnk, ^oZenik.
temporize, zo^ron.
tempt, neflenSn, teniidoii.
temptation, teniid, ien?id-a,ra.
temper, temidel.

396

GRAMMAB OF VOLAPUK.

temptingly, tenHdik.

temptress, ji-tenildel, oi-teniidel.

temse, sib,

temulent, dlinadik

ten, hals.

tenacious, ioreik, lertgludik, diif-

ugik.
tenaciously, <Z«*/ugiko.
tenaoiousness, \&[iglud(A, monal.
tenacity, monal.
tenancy, kodut, kodut.
tenant, fco&tel, feiicfutel.
tend, fcdKn.
tendency, slop,
tender, zarfik.

tender, Zo/on, daio/6n, Zo/6n.
tenderly, zacflik.
tenderness, zad.
tenebrous, daegik, dagi^,
tenfold, balsik.
tenor, kilidiSuVog
tense, stifik spanik.
tensely, sit'/lik.
tenseness, stif.
tensibility, teniit.
tensible, tenik
tension, span, spanam,
tent, tened.
tent, tenedon,
tenth, halsiA.
tenttpart, haXsedil.
tenthly, feaZsido.
tenuity, fein, slen.
tenuous, feimk, sZenik.
tepid, ne/aZepik, Zauik.
tepidness, lav, lindif.
tepidity, linlif, ne;aZ«p.
terce, kiiiM.
tercet, Iciliira..
term, tup, mied, sepiik.
term, sepafcSn, nemon.
termagancy, tepsA.
termagant, Zedik, dikodik.

terminate, flnon,
terminate, finSu, miedon.
termination, fin, kludskm, _
terminational, _^nik, fcZueZik.
terminator, ^nel, kludel.
terminus, klud, fin.
terrace, stiik.
terrene, toZik.
terrestrial, JaZik.
terrestrially, taZiko,
terrible, j'ekik.
terribleness, jek6f.
terribly, /eHik.
terrific, /efcik,
terrify, jekon.
territory, stuk,
terror, /ek.

terse, smufik, n^alik.
tersely, nifalmk.
terseness, nif&\, smuf.
test, 6Z«/am, bliif.
test, bill/on.
testament, vil Icitik.
testifier, noel ,
testify, rjoeZon.
testification, woeZiid.
testimony, woeZiid, zot.
texture, vivot.
than, ka, tano.
thank, dan.
thank, rfareon.
thankful, danik.
thankfully, rfanlik.
thankfulness, danoi.
thanksgiver, i^anel.
thanksgiving, darm/ivaw.
thank-worthy, daraigik.
that, kelos, das, os, mZos..
that is, OS 6toos
the, el, eZom, eZof, ji-eZ, os,

os-ai, osi, atos.
theatre, teat,
theatric, teatik.

GaAMMiB OF VOLAPUK.

397

theatrically, teatiko.

thee, ole.

theft, tif.

their, omsiks, q/aiks.

them, omes, ofes.

then, also.

thence, de, luka,, isa.

thenceforth, sis.

thenceforward, sis.

theologaster, ^orfavel.

theologian, goda,Yel.

theologic, godnyik.

theologically, ^roofavlik,

theologist, ^'orfavel.

theologize, yaafavon.

theology, godsLY.

theorist, teoreh

theorize, teoron.

theory, teor.

there, ies, is, isit, sibinik.
thereabout, zii , at (atos), zfi is.
thereafter, tan, tdno, poso.
thereat, en, us
thereby, atos, dubatoa, dubat...

las, nis, en.
therefor, atos, sikod, se kod at.
therefore, atos, sikod, also,

kludo.
therefrom, isa, isik, en, seat(os.)
therein, nis, en.
thereinto, ino.
thereof, usa,.
thereon, su atos(i.)
thereout, se at(os), en.
thereto, en, plos.
thereupon, tan, tano, su atos.
therewith, ko at(os,)
these. ats„ ji-ats, of-ats.
they, o/s, oms.
thick, 6^ik.
thicken, bigon.
thickened, bigik.
thickening, big&m.

thicket, boadeWi bujad.

thickiah, big\ik.

thickly, big&.

thickness, big.

thief, tifel.

thieve, tifSn.

thievery, <j/en.

thievish, ^ik.

thievisly, tifiko.

thievishnesg, iif&l.

thimble, Jineda'dt.

thin, slenik.

thin, slenon.

thine, oU, oSk, olsa,, olsik.

thing, din.

think, cedbn, tikon.

thinker, tiksX.

thinking, tik.

thinly, s^eralik.

thinness, slen.

third, kilii.

thirdpart, kildil.

thirdly, kiliio.

thirst, nelum.

thirst, nelumfm.

thirstily, neUrmko.

thirstiness, neKmSf.

thirsty, nelirmk.

thirteen, balsekil.

thirteenth, balseiifld.

thirteenthpart, balsekilAil.

thirtieth, kilsid.

thirtiethpart, kilse^ZzZ.

thirty, kils.

thirtyfold, kilsik.

this, at, atof, atos.

thistle, til.

thistly, tilik.

thither, isi.

thitherward, isi.

thitherwards, isi.

thorn, spin, stig.

thorny, spinik, stigik.

398

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPUK.

thorough, da.

thoroughly, le/ulnik, lefulo.

those, kels.

thou, ol.

though, ab, do, ifi.

thought, tik.

thoughtful, siienik, fcurfik.

thoughtfully, sSenlik, siieniko.

thoughtfulness, siien.

thoughtless, nesaenik.

thoughtlessly, nesKenliko.

thoughtlessness, nesuen.

thousand, mil.

thousandfold, milik.

thousandth, ?mlid.

thousandthpart, nnldil.

thrash, cepon.

thrasher, cepel.

thrashing, cep(-am).

thread, fad.

thread, fadSn.

thready, /adik, stiinik,

threat, tad.

threat, tadon.

threaten, tadorx.

threatening, tadskia.

threateningly, tadiko.

threatful, tddik.

three, kil.

threefold, Wik.

thrice, kilna,.

thrift, lab, lieg, spal.

thriftily, s;;a;nik.

thriftiness, spal, spalnoi.

thrifty, spdlik.

thrill, tril,

thrill, trU'on.

thrilling, tril.

thrive, pliibon.

thriving, ploiik.

thrivingly, plobiko.

throat, gug.

throe, le*/ep.

throe, tomon,

throne, tlon.

throne, tlonGn.

throng, dlan.

throng, dianon.

thronging, dlanik.

throttle, gug.

through, dub, me, da, kann,

kodvi, fa.
throughout, levelo, ai.
throw, jed.

throw, jedon, spulbn, sviloa.
thrower, j'edel, svikl.
thrum, flokon.
thrum mer, flckel,
thrust, jok.
thrust, Jokoa, siigon.
thumb, hignfined.
thump, jok.
thump, fokQu..
thumper, jokel.
thunder, tot.
thunder, toton.
thunderbolt, tot&iton.
thunderer, totA.
thundering, Joiam.
Thursday, dJ6del.
thus, also, ato.
thwack, flap,
thwack, flapon.-
thwart, tavelik, vddik,
thwartly, tavelo,
thy, o/a, olik, oha., olsik, onsa,

onsik.
thyself, olok.
tice, baton. ^
tick, klotSii,
ticket, kadil.
tide, ban e neftan.
tide, nefcandn.
tidily, potik, poto.
tidiness, fc/2«l6f, klinoi.
tidy, klinik.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

399

tie, tan, flok, snob.

•tie, lanoQ.

tier, tanel, jiokel.

"tieice, kil&h.

tight, /Jmik.

tighten, JimoD..

tightly, Jimik.

"tightness, fim.

tile, tein.

tile, tein'dn.

tiled, teinik.

tiler, kernel.

tiling, telneo.

till, iii, Ji(s, jiiftu.

till, plaudoB, felon.

"tillage, fela,m..

tiller, /e/el.

tilt, slob, jok. .

tilt, jokon, stigoa, spinoa.

tilter, komipel.

timber, boail.

time, tim.

timely, timo, ftVnik.

timid, rf/mik.

timidity, dim, diinSl.

timidly, dimlik.

timidness, dim.

timorous, dledik.

timorously, dledlik.

tjmorousness, dledoi,

tin, tin.

tin, tlnon.

tincture, kol.

tinge, kol.

tinge, fco/on.

tinkle, tonon.

tinman, ZiWel.

tinning, tinnvo..

tinny, tMik.

tint, kol.

tint, kolou.

tiny, s;»a/ik, pul\k.

tip, pun, tip.

tip, fiinon, tipon.
tipple, kif on.
tippler, kopel.
tippling, kopen.
tipsy, dlin&dik.
tire, dek, Indek.
tire, y'enon.
tired, fenik.
tiredness, fen.
tiresome, fenik, lonedu^ik.
tiresomely, /enlik.
tiresomeness, Imiedo-p.
tissue, vivot.
tissue, vi'von.
title, tiad, calane?«.
title," iiddon, calareejnon.
titmouse, titit.
titter, smil.
titular, tiddik.
to, al, len.
toast, dlina^ei.
toast, dlinaj>et6n.
toaster, d\ina,pete\.
tobacco, tabak.
-tobbacconist, tabakel.
tobacco-pipe, pip.
to-day, adelo.
toe, fin?i^.
toed, flnapik.
together, kobo.
toil, tob.
toil, t'dhon.
toilsome, ioMk.
toilsomely, <3&iko, <oWik.
toilsomeness, fikul.
token, mak.
tolerable, lepcirik.
tolerably, ze.
tolerance, sw/al.
tolerant, sw/alik.
tolerantly, su/alo.
tolerate, su/"aldn.
toleration, snidl.

400

GBAMMAll OF VOALPUK.

toll, tolad.

toll, toladon, gl'dkon.

tomb, sepa/naZ, lesep.

ton, toned; ton.

tone, ton, tonoA.

tone, ionon.

toned, henotonik.

tongue, lineg, piik.

tongue, blamon.

tonic, tonik.

to-night, aneito.

too, leigo, i, id, tu.

tool, pliem.

toot, tladon.

tooter, lladel.

tooth, tut.

toothache, ttitarfoZ.

toothed, tuAk.
tooth-pick, tutaspm.
top, tip, lop.
top, tipon, lovbn.
tope, kiipon.
•topend, Idp, tip.
toper, kopel.
topple, le/aZ6n.
torch, flam&dL.
torment, tom.
torment, tomUn.
tormenting, tomik.
tormentor, iomel.
torpent, sti/ik, nedutik.
torpid, stifik, laedutik.
torpidity, stif, nedut.
torpidly, stifMk, jieduto.
torpidness, stif, nedut.
torpor, stif, nedut.
torrent, \eflum.
torsion. Mug.
tortuous, plifik.
torture, tom.
torture, tomon.
torturer, iomel.
toss, jed, jok.

toss, jedoTo..

total, swamik. Vol.

totality, suam, 161.

totalize, suamon.

totally, I'dliko.

totalness, suamoi.

toxich, sen, fek, Wuf&ra..

toxTch, <e/8n, senon, rivon.

touchily, luseniko.

touchiness, lusenof.

touchy, lusenik.

tough, ionik.

toughen, ioreon.

toughish, ionlik.

toughly, ionik.

toughness, ton.

tour, tiid.

tourist, tiidfiy.

touse, ten^n, zugan,

toward, al, vilik.

towardlihess, tidioi, viloi,

towardly, tidik, u?Zik.

towards, a, al, dem.

tower, tiim.

town, zif.

townsman, zif el

toy, pledaizre.

toy, pledbn.

toze, hereon, zugon, muefoa.

trace, rut, smare^r, kul.

trace, sttfcon, vestigon,

tracer, di3.vestige\.

tracery, stonatfet.

tracing, AsAiestig, smauejr, rut.

track, kill, kul.

trackt, kul.

tractability, ^umof.

traotableness, yumoi.

tractable, ^«mik.

tractably, ^umiko.

tractation, tolat, tolat&'m.

trade, ted.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

401

trade, to/on.
tradesman, tedel.
trader, tedel.
trading, ?edain.
traduce, kusadon, slanon.
traducer, kusadel, slanel.
traducingly, slanik.
traducement, slanaxn.
tradncible, jaoplanik.
traduction, mqp^anam.
traffic, ted, can.
traffic, tedon.
trafficker, tedel.
tragic, lugol.
tragically, lUgSs-O.
train, zng.

train, pldgou, Aadukon.
trainer, pldgel, iadukel.
training, pldgam, d&duk.
traitor, tldtel.
traitorous, tlatii..
traitorously, rfodko.
traitress, ji-tlatel; oi-tldtel.
tramp, stam.

tramp, futon, futelon tlidon.
tramper, fittel.
tramping, fatol, futelbl.
trample, tlidon.
trampler, tlidel, Auel.
trance, legal.

tranced, legalik, pe%a76l.
tranquil, takedik.
tranquillity, takedal.
tranquiUization, tofeedam.
tranquillize, takedbn.
tranquillizer, takedel.
tranquilly, takedo.
tranquilness, takedSi.
transact, tolaton.
transaction, penot, tolat&w,
transtbrmation, cen.
transgress, vadon.
transgression, viid-

tran^ressive, va£k.
transgressor, vcidel.
transit, Anduk.
transition, dudukajm.
transitive, lo-regolik.
translate, lovepolon.
translation, lovt^o/am.
translative, lovepoZik.
translator, lovepofel, vodaX.
translocation, loYepladaxn.
transmarine, lovemeZik.
transmit, lovese(Z5n.
transmittal, love^edam.
transmitter, lovesedel.
transpiration, su^tam.
transpire, suetSn.
transport, pol
transport, le^aZon.
transportation, polnm.
trap, tlap.
trap, tlapon.
trapan, tlap.
tiash, Inklof.
trash, lepedon.
trashy, ncsik, gmalnik.
trass, zam.
travel, tav.
travel, tdvon.
travelled, -petdvol.
traveller, tavel.
traveUing, tavajsa.
traverse, tavelik.
treacherous, tldbik.
treacheroudy, tlStiko.
treachery, tlat.
tread, tlidon.
tread, tUd, gol, golah.
treader, tlidel.
treasure, div.
treasurer, divel.
treasury, div.
treat, KnA;jpam.
treat, tolaton, Imkipbn.

26

402

GllAMMAll OF VOLAPliK.

treater, linkipel, tolatel.
treatment, tolat.
treaty, hala,vi.
treble, fcaVSn.
tree, bim
trellis, tlel.

tremble, irilom, dlemon.
trembler, trilel.
trembling, dlemik.
tremblingly, dlemi]s.o-
tremendous, Jekik.
tremendously, /e/clik.
tremendouaness, fekoi.
trench, sop.
trench, sopon.
trencher, sopel.
trend, kiil.
trend, golon.
trespass, smbn.
trespasser, sinel
tress; le'el
tressed, pitik.
trial, xam, hluf&m..
triangle, 'kW&gul
triangled, kilajuZik.
triangular, kilaijruHk.
triangularity, kilajruZof.
triangularly, kila^uto.
tribe, etam, gen, bid, sot.
tribulation, lied,
tributary, fienik.
tribute, duv.
trice, <tmil.
trick, kaf.
trick, kafon.
tricker, fcd^el.
trickiah, kaflik.
triokishly, ka/liko,
trickishness, kafsl.
trier, xiimel, bliifel.
trifle, smalef.
trifling, piilik, piilo&k.
' triflingness, smalef.

trig, fulik.

trigon. 'kila.gul.

trigonal, luilngulik.

trigonometrical, kilngulekmafik.

trygonometry, kila.gula,maf.

trill, tril,

trill, trU'dn. .

trilling, triliV.

trillion, kilion.

trim, jomk. .

trim, Indek

trimly, lurfeHk.

trimmer, ladeke[. jiealudel.

trimming, ludeHk.

trimness, \ndek, dek.

Trinity, kilfcaZod.

trio, kilumut.

trip, tud.

trip, tudon.

triple, kilik.

triple, kilon.

triplet, ki'ah.

triply, fcifiko.

tridudiary, daniidik.

triumph, vikod, \evikod.

triumph, vikodon.

triumphal, vikodik.

triumphant, vikodik

triumphantly, vikodiko.

triumpher, vikodel.

trivial, jra^'ik, komunik.

trivially, komimiko.

trivialness, komun.

troll, gldpHn.

troop, tlup, kum, lemod.

troop, tlupon.

trooper, monitel.

troops, moniten.

trope, lusepet.

trophy, yrikodarndk.

trouble, tob.

trouble, tobBn, iomon, vexadSn.

troubler, vesiadei., tomei.

G1{A>[MAR OF VOLAPiiK.

403

"troublesome, toiik, holoAk

troublesomely, tohtik, holadlik.

troTiblesomeness, boladoi.

troubling, bolaeSk.

trousers, blit.

trout, taut.

trowsers, blit.

truant, nei^utik, vagik.

truce, vafa/ofc.

trudge, i;umon.

true, kdn!(di\, veladk.

trueness. kanud, velat.

truly, vdato. vo.

tnunp, topet.

trumpery, \adeb.

trumpet, topet.

trumpet, topeton.

trumpeter, topetel.

trunk, stam. komfed.

truss, tuf

truss, Idkon.

trust, konfid

trust, konfidoa..

trustee, tiitel

truster, konfidel.

trustful, konfidik.

trustfully, konfido.

trustfulness, konfidoi.

trastily, fiedik, snaiik.

trustiness, fied.

trusty, fedik.

truth, velat.

truthful, veladk.

truthfully, ve'atiko.

truthfulness, vela&l.

try, bia/oTi, stei/Sn.

tub, tub.

tube, rud.

tubular, riidik.

Tuesday, tnsrfeZ.

-tug, zug.

tug, zugou-: tenon.

tugger, zugel, tenel.

tuition, tef, te^am, jel.

tumble, fal.

tumble, faloTx.

tumbler, falA; bilaglat.

tumbling, faJLol.

tumult, volut.

tumult, voliUon.

tumultuous, wo/uftk, tepik.

tumnltuousily, voluAko, lepo.

tnmultuousness, volittoi.

tun, tub.

tune, ton

tune, benotdnon.

tuneful, tonik benotonik.

tunefully, benotoniko.

tunefulness, benofon.

tuneless, nobenotonik.

tuner, benotonel.

tuning, benoionol.

tuning-key, ionaJcik.

tunnel, ninoue^, jop.

tunnel, ninooe^on, jopbn.

tunnelling, /opam.

tup, jup.

turbid, nekliilik.

turbidness, iiekiiil.

turbulence, volutof, tepal.

turbulent, tepik.

turbnlently, tepiko, iepo.

turf, r'dnaJcuI.

turfy, yebik.

Turk, tiikdnel.

Turkey, Tukan.

Turkish, tiikanik.

Turkisly, takdno.

turmoil, boset.

turmoil, boseton.

turn, tul, iulsbva, flek, Jleka,va..

turn, tunon ; tulon, fiekon.

turner, <unel.

tuming-iunik, iufik.

turpitude, jomoAai.

tut, fl.

404

GUAMMAK OF VOLAfUK.

tutor, tiiiel.
tutor, blamQn, tt'don.
tutorage, tiitef, tidaxR.
tutoress, ji-ZJJtel; of-t&tel.
tutorial, ttiteWs..
tutoring, tidol.
tutorship, tiitef.
twain, tel, telel.
twang, Insepiik.
twang, tonHii, nudon.
twattle, iMpukHn.
twattler, lupiikel.
twattlmg, lupiiken.
twelfth, balsetefid.
twelfthpart, halseteldil.
twelve, balseieZ.
twentieth, telAA.
twentieth part, te!sedil.
twenty, tels.
twentyfold, ieZsik.
twice, ieinsi.
twig, hiaiid&m.
twiggy, bimatonik.
twilight, Innid, hilit.
twilight, lulitik, lurajrfik,
twin, te&h.
twin, ^eZabon
twine, yan.
twine, svilon.
twiner, svilel.
twinge, spinam, tomam.
twinge, iomon
twinging, tomam.
twining, svilen.
twinkle, timil.
twinkle, nidQn

twinkling, (imil.
twirl, tul, flek.
twirl, tulon, flekon.
twist, tulnia., fleksan.
twist, tuloji, flekon, svilbii..
twisted, svilik.
twister, svilel.
twit, lehlam.
twit, leb'amon.
twitch, spam,
twitch, spmon, tenon.
twitter, yo/bn.
two, tel.
twofold, telik.
two-tongued, telinegik,
tye, tan
tye, tenon
tyer, torael.
type, iilma^'.
type, iiimagon.
typhous neva^ik.
typhus, neva_^.
typicaf, vlmagik.
typically, ulma^o
typicalness, iilma^of.
typographer, buke\
typographic, bukik.
typographically, Jajiiko.
tjrpography, buken.
tyranness, ii-vutd.; of-!;!(/el.
tyrannic, vutelik
tyrannically, wwielnik.
tyrannize, i;u{elun.
tyranny, vutelavn.
tyrant, vutel.
Tzar, zar.

XJ.

udder, tet,

nddered, tetbl.

uglily, ne/oniko, ne;ono.

ugliness, nejon.
ugly, nejonik.
ultimate, latikim.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK

405

ultimately, 2adkuno, Idto.
ultimo, Zddkun.
um.brella, lomibaA.
ximpire, codel.
unable, na/agik.
unambitious, nediuitasuHk.
unambitiously, nedinita««ko.
unanimity, baso^of.
unanimous, bovo^k.
unanimoxisly, baao^o.
unanimousness, baw^of.
unbelief, neiiod
unbeliever, pdgel, neklddel,
unbelieving, neklodik.
unbeloved, nepeW/ik.
uncertain, ne/Kuiik.
uncertainty, nesef, nefum, ne-

zelad.
unchaste, nep«e(fik
unchastely, neptiediko.
unchastity, nepued.
tmcivil, ^io6ik.
uncivilized, uepeifcu/iTOl.
uncivilly, ^toSiko.
uncle, nok.

unclean, miialik, stemik, mwflk.
uncleanliness, mid&.
uncleanly, neWzno, steniko.
uncleanness, sterioi, miotoi.
uncomfortable, nefcooenik.
Tincomfortably, nekoveno.
uncommon, ne^so?nik
uncommonly, nefco^omo.
uncommonness, nefcosom.
unconquerable, ■aevilco£k.
unconquerably, ii&vikodo.
unconi^eous, -aegalamk.
uncourtliness, glob,
unconrtly, gloiiko; gloho.
uncouth, seledik; gloU^
uncouthly, seledo.
tincouthness, seled; glob,
uncover, dete^iJn.

unction, leHlaxa.
undecagon, balsehalagun.
under, diso.
undergo, sufou.
undermine, puron.
underminer, purA.
undermost, disik.
underneath, diso.
undersign, disopenon.
understand, ^^lalon.
understanding, kapainot.
understanding, ^palnik.
undertake, heginon.
undertaker, heginaX.
undertaking, hegin&m.
underwrite, disopenon.
underwriter, disqpenel.
underwriting, disopenad, diso-

pen, disopenam.
undetermined, ne/amik.
undisposed, lusaunik.
undo, necfunon.
undoubted, nedoftk.
undoubtedly, nedoto.

undoubtful, ne<forik.

undoubting, nedoak.

undoubtingly, vadoto.

undress, Askhtoa.

undressed, dei'foak, niidik.

uneasily, Jikulo.

uneasiness, fikul, nekoven.

uneasy, neiooenik, fikidi^.

unequal, neZeiyik.

unequalled, neleyol.

unequally, neleigo.

uneven, neleigik..

unevenly, neleigo.

unevenness, neleig.

unexpectedly, nevalado.

unfair, ne/onik.

unfeirly, necodo.

unfairness, necSd.

unfaithful, nefiedHk.

^06'

GEAMMAB OF YOLAPUK,

unfaittfuUy, nefiedo.
unfaitlafulness, nefied.
unfavourable, neg'omk.
unfavourably, laegoniko.
unfit, ne/S^ik.
unfit, XLe/ag'on.
unfltZy, ne/ag'O.
unfitness, nefag.
unfitting, nefagik.
unfittingly, -ne/dgo.
unfortunate, neZaftik.
unfortunately, neldbo.
unfriendliness, ne/Zenof.
unfriendly, neplidik, neflenik.
unfruitful, ne/«J:ik, ne/etik.
unfruitfuUy, nofluho, ne/eio.
unfruitfulness, nefet.
ungainliness, glob,
ungainly, globVs..
ungallant, nsgalamk..
ungallantly, Ti&galano.
ungraceful, ■a&plidTik.
ungracefully, lOBplido.
ungracefulness, neplid.
ungrateful, nedanik
vingratefully, nedano,
ungratefulness, nedan'of.
unguilty, nedebik.
unhandily, -ne/dgiko.
unhandsome, globik, neJSnik.
unhandsomely, globo.
unhandy, ne/a^ik
unhappily, neZaJo.
unhappinesB, neldb.
unhappy, r^eldbik.
unhealthiness, nesaun.
unhealthy, nesawnik,
uniform, ba/bmik
uniformity, ba/om.
uniformly, ba/bmik.
unify, kiubSn.
union, balif.
unison, klubsiia, klub.

unisonous, baionik.
unit, bal\ig.

unite, Mubon, balm, bo/on.
united, peftoWl.

unitedly, baliko, bofiko,klubiko.
unity, balug, Jatam,
universal, uo/a, valevaik, valoAik..
universality, uaZem.
universally, wofiko.
universe, val.
university, niver.
unkind, ne^enik
unkindly, jiefleno-
unkindness, ne/enof.
unlawful, nelonik.
unlawfully, nelono.
unlawfullness, nelon.
unless, plasii.
unluckily, neldbo.
unluckiness, neliib.
unlucky, neZnMk.
unmanliness, nemenal neman'&i.
unmanly, nemareik, nemenik.
unmerciful, nemisaladik.
unmercifully, ■nemisalado.
unmercifulness, nemisalad.
unnatural, neiiarik.
unnaturally, nenariko, nenaia.
unpack, sapaifcon.
unpaid, ne/anik.
unpardonable, neiogivik.
unpardonably, nefo^jwo.
unpolite, komvnik.
unprofitable, nepo/iidik.
vinprofitableness, nepofud-
unprofitably, nepo/iido.
unreasonable, lindi/ik.
unreasonableness, lindif.
unreasonably, lindifo.
unrighteous, necoc/ik.
unrighteously, neciit^iko..
unrighteousness, neci/d.
unsafe, nese/ik.

GEAMMAE OF VOLAPUK.

407

unsafely, nese/b.
onsafeness, nesef.
unsettle, ko/udbn.
unsettled, kofudik.
unsettledness, ko/udam.
unsociable,, nekapamk.
nnsociably, nekopano.
unsound, nesaunik, lusaunik.
unsoundness, neni/aX.
unsteady, votlik, dewodik.
unsuccessful, nepZopik.
unsaccessfiilly, neplopo.
unsuccessfiilness, nepliip.
unthankful, aedanik.
unthankfully, nedaniko.
unthankfnlness, uedanio.
untidily, mu/.liko.
untidy, mu/]ik, neJeodik.
until, jiis.
untrue, newefarik.
untruly, nevelato, nevelatiko.
untruth, nevelat.
untruthful, nevelatik.
untruthfully, nevelato.
untruthfulness, neuetoof.
unuseful, po/udik.
unusual, neiosomik.
unusually, nekosomo.
unveil, sa,vead6n.
unveiling, saveadajn.
nnvrilling, uevilik.
unwillingly, nevilo.
unwillingness, nevilot, neldb.
unworthily, nedigiko.
unworthiness, nedig.
unworthy, Tiedigik.
up, su.

up.... su..., .sus....
up ! suso !
upholsterer, tilpel.
iipholstery, tapen.
upon, su.
upper, lopa.., lopi. , I'opo...

uppermost, Ziipikun.

upraise, leftZtmon.

upright, kdniidHk.

uprighteously, kanuctiko,kaniido.

uprightly, kdnildiko, kanudo.

uprightness, kaniid.

uprise, sustenon.

uprising, sustonam.

uproar, volut.

uproarious, voluAk.

uproariously, voluto.

uproot, diimZon.

uprouse, mekou galon.

upset, t'imetiya.

upward, suso, susi.

upwards, suso, susi.

Uranium, luin.

urbane, pluiik.

urbanity, pliit.

urge, stigSn.

urgency, dlan.

urgent, rfZanik.

urgently, dlano, dlamko.

urging, dlanoi.

urine, \avat.

usage, kosom, sudoA.

use to, ai..., aidunon....

use geb, siisod.

use, gebom.

useful, sMsodik, geVik, pldgik,

p'ofiidik.
usefully, pbfiido,
usefulness, pofiidHi.
useless, nep'6/u£k.
uselessly, nepofiido.
uselessness, nepSfiidoi.
user, gebel.
usher, kdlel.
usher, lanoZon.
usual, kosomik.
usually, kosomo.
usure, \uUeg6n.
usurer, \nliegel.

408

G11AMMA14 01' VOLAPUK.

usurious, Inliegik.
usurper, mefcadel.
usury, Inlieg,
utensil, pliem.
utility, p'dfudoi.
utilize, gehoa.
utmost, leuemo, plakiino.

utter, leuerao. '
utter, s&pUkon.
utterable, sepaJfcik.
utterance, sepafcam.
utterer, sepii&el.
utterly, le/«Zik.
uttermost, plakiino.

V.

•vacancy, vag.
vacant, «a^ik.
vacantly, ua^iko.
vacation, "fo't'iip, va^am.
vaccinate, miipaa.
vaccination, miip.
vacillate, nesZ«t?6n.
vacillating, character, zog'^.
vacillation nesfoatam.
vocuity, vag.
vacuum, \o.is,vag, vag.
vagabond, skam.
vagary, vim
vagrancy, cipsel^n
vagrant, skam, cipsel.
vagrant, poliueg'ik.
vague, ne/wmik.
vaguely, nefumo, nefiimiko.
vagueness, uefiim.
vail, \egivoi, pofud.
vain, uanik.
vainglorious, pleitik.
vaingloriously, pleidko.
vainglory, pleit, Inglol.
vainly, vanliko.
vainness, van, pleit.
vale, mhel.
valediction, ladyul.
valedictory, ladt/ulV^.
valiant, Hraik.
valiantly, himko.
valid, voladWk.

validity,' voladioi.

valley, n&bel.

valorous, fciraik.

valorously. fcmiko

valour, kin.

valuable, vSladik., div\k.

valuation, \ediv, vblad.

valuator, rfjuel.

value, volad.

value, divo^.

valued, pecfsVol.

valuer, divA.

vamp, flahon.

van, can&vab.

vane, vienasian.

vanish, fegolon, deilon.

vanished, ■pedeilol

vanity.»van, pleit.

vanq^uish, vikodon, hev iktidon.^

vantage, pofud.

vapid, sipidik, nesoHk.

vapidness, nesaZ.

vaporation, siomam.

vaporous, stomik.

vaporousness, siomam.

vapour, stom.

vapour, stdmon

vapourer,' stornel.

vapourize, stomon.

vapoury, stomliko.

variable, uodik, de»o«lik.

variableness, uortikam,

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPuK.

409

Variably, yo<liko.

variance, diked, nepiid.

variation, censtm.

variegate, vielon.

variegated, vielik.

variegation, vielajn.

variety, dif.cein, cemam, cenam.

varify, vielon.

variola, pogs.

variolous, pog^.

various, difik, ans.

variously, dj/iko .

varnish, glod.

varnish, glodon.

varaisher, glodel.

varnishing, gloda^m.

vary, cenon.

vase, tub.

vast, gletik.

vastly, gletiko, spadiko.

vastness, glet

vat. tub

vat, tubon.

vault, mnovag, iop.

vault, j'opon.

vaulted, jopik.

vaulter, Jopel.

vaunt, luglol.

vaunt, hjglolon..

vaunted, lu^foZol.

vauriter, higlolel.

vauntingly, Inglolik.

veal, siaokunz,mid.

vegetable, gluned.

vegetarian, glunedan.

vegetate, glUnedon.

v^etation, glUnedsaa.

vegetative, glunedik.

vehemence, mekaA.

vehement, meka,dik.

vehementl3', mek&Ao.

vehicle, vab.

veil, vead.

veil, veadon.
veiled, veadol,
vein, vein,
vein, vim.
veiny, veinik.
velocipede, vifa/u<.
velocity, vif.
vena], lemik.
vend, selon.
vender, setel.
vendor, selel.
venenate. venodon.
venenate, pewenodol.
venenation,^ wenorfam.
venerable, siMnadigik.
venerableness, stunadig.
venerably, sfjmadigo.
venerate, stimon, \zstimbix.
venerated, lestim6\.
veneration, les^im.
venerator, lestimei.
vengeance, vindit.
vengeful, vindiA^i.
vengefully, vindilo.
venial, iegivik, fo^iwik.
veniality, iogivoi.
venially, iogivo.
venom, venod.
venomous, venodik.
venomously, venodo.
venomousness. venodof.
vent, sel, seZam.
vent, pakon.
venter, pakel; mot.
ventilate, luton.
ventilation, lutabldd.
ventilator, lutA.
venture, veniid, Ai'nam.
venture, veniidon, kinon.
venturesome, venudik, kinik.
venturing, renaVfik, Amik.
venturous, veniidik, kirnk.
venturously, veniido, kino.

410

GRAMMAR OP YOLAPUK.

ventiirousness, venildSii, kinQf.

verb, velib.

verbal, wodik, mudik.

verbalize, I'elibQn..

verbally, mudo, sago.

verge, staf.

verger, ste/el.

verification, weZaiam.

verify, lesagon, lepiik'dn.

verily ! vo ! v6 ! ueZadkB !

veritable, velatik.

verity, velat.

versifier, Inpoedel.

version, lovepoZam, voi&m, cein-

am.
vertex, tipan, lopTin.
vertical, ttpiini\, lopuna,.
very, vem, vemo.
very, vo, velatik, /enik.
vessel, naf.
vest, hl6ts.klot.
vest, klotoTO..
vestibule, Ze^an.
vestige, step,' rut.
vestry, sakrit.
vesture, befctofam, .Wo/am.
vex, vexadGn.
vexation, vexader[.
vexaiious, vexadik.
vexatiously, vexado.
vexatiousness, vexad\oi.
vexed, vexadiik.
vexingly, vexadWk.
vibrate, trilojx, m,uf'6ia.
vibration, tril; muf&ra.
vicar, pladsX.
vicarial, pladaXik.
vice, klim.
vicinity, nil.
vicious, poifcik, hadHk.
viciously, hadiko. badngo.
viciousness, badHf.
victim, vitim, Invilim.

victimize, hxvitimon.

victor, vikodei.

victoress, ji-vikodel, ot-vikode\.

victorious, vikodik.

victoriously, vikodo.

victoriousness, vikodSt

victory, vikod,

victual, Mfamed.

victual, lifamerfdn.

victualler, lifanierfel

victuals, lifamerfs.

view, luki%am, helogs,m.

view, beZo^6n.

viewer, beZojrel.

vigilance, gal6i.

vigilant, galik.

vigilantly, gatiko.

vigorous, raamik, steniidik.

vigorously, ndmo, stenido.

vigorousness, steniidoi.

vigour, stenicd, nam.

vile, hapik.

vilely, Japiko, bapo.

vileness, bap

vilification, Japam, mika.m,

vilifier, nesiamel, nesft'mel.

vilify, nestiim'dn, nes«™6n, hap'

8n, mik'6n.
village, pag.
villager, page!.
villain, luman, gliiel, japel.
villainous, lumanik, bapik,
villan, Japel, glibel, luman.
villanage, jap.
villanous, japik, glibelik, lu-

ma)iik.
villanously, j'aplik.
villanousness, Jap, glib,
villany, jap.
vincible, vikodik.
vindicate, vindit^n.
vindication, vinditam.
vindicator, vinditel.

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

411

Tindicatoiy, vinditik.
vindictive, omditik.
vindictively, vindito.
vindictiveness, vinditaswifc.
vine, vinaieZ.
vine-dresser, liebtl.
vinegar, vinig.
vinons, !7inik.
vintage, luf&ia.
vintage, luf'on..
vintager, lufA,
vintner, vina^etfel.
vintry, vinateffam.
viny, vimk.
viol, viol
violable, /emodik.
violate, ye?reodon.
violation, j'emodam.
violator, /emodel.
violence, meiad.
violent, mekaAih.
violently, mekzAo.
violet, violil.
violin, violin,
virgin, vilgin.
virgin, vilginik.
virginal, vilginik.
virginity, vilginoi.
virile, roanik.
virility, manlikSf, manal.
virtu, tug, nam.
virtual, faJemik, namik.
virtually, namlik.
vitnality, labtm, nam.
virtue, tug.
virtuoso, vituel.
virtuous, ttigik.
virtuously, tugiko.
virtuousness, tugSi.
virulence, iadng.
vinilent, ftatftigik.
virulently, baclago.
visage, logod.

viscid, klebik.
viscidity, klehoi.
viscosity, klehoi.
viscous, tiinik, slimik.
visihility, logoi.
visible, Zo^ik.
visibleness, logoi.
visibly, logiko.
vision, iogfam.
visionary, tasjarak.
visit, visit,
visit, visithu.
visitation, visitaja.
visiting, visito\.
visitor, visitA.
vista, lukiZo^am.
visual, 2o^adik.
vital, Ufik, siJznik.
vitality, lif, sihin, Jiedeil.
vitally, li/iko, li/\ik.
vitiate, dobon.
vitiation, ddbum.
vivacious, li/lik.
vivacity, liflof, lifoi.
vivid, ^t/lik.
vividly, lif]iko.
vividness, lifloi, lifoi.
vivify, kopon.
vocable, vokab.
vocabulary, vodsisbuk.
vocal, v'ddiik.
vccal, vokal, klilaton.
vocally, DOtflik, v'ddik.
vocation, cal.
vocative, kimofal.
vocative, kimofalik.
vociferate, \nvok6n.
vociferation, luuotam.
vociferous; lut;o.fetk.
vociferously, luuoHko.
vogue; yof; molad.
voice, vog.
voice, vogon, benotonon.

412

GRAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

voiced, vogik.
Toiceful, vogiV.
void, vag.
void, vagik.
void, wajfon
voidance, vagstra.
voided, peuag'ol.
voider, vagel.
voidness, vag.
volant, flito.
volary, hoia/ug.
volatile, flidk.
volatileness, JlMi.
volatilization, uz/am.
volatilize, vif on.
volcanic, filaJ«Hk.
volcanicity, filaJeZof.
volcanist, filaJeZel.
volcanization, filaJeZam
volcanize, iilaJeZon.
volcano, filaftei.
volery, lupop.
volition, viloi.
volley, mod.
volley, livon..
volubility, Unegoi
voluble, linegik.
•volubly, linego.
volume, glet.
voluminous, higik..
voluminously, ligo.
voluminousness, big.
voluntarily, libawito.
voluntariness, libawzi.
voluntary, lebaui7el.
voluntary, libawHk.
volunteer, libaujYel.
volunteer, libaui/on.
voluptuary, j/o/ab.
voluptuary, yo/abik.
voluptuous, yof&hiV.
voluptuously, yofaho.
voluptuousness, yofabhi.

vomit, lus;0«<on.
vomiting, luspurik,
vomition, lus/)u<am.
voracious, lu^rfik.
voraciously, lu^rfo.
voracity, Xvifid, lu^t^Bf.
votary, lesftroel.
vote, vog.
vote, Dojron.
voter, wo^el.
voting, wofjfam.
votive, yuVHs..
votively, j/uZiko.
vouch, garanif.
vouch, garanif'6n.
voucher, garanifA.
vouchsafe, dalovL.
vow, yul.
vow, yulon.
vowel, vokal, klilaion.
vowel, vohdlbn.
vowelled, volcaVik..
vower, j/uZel.
vowing, yuWs., yulOl.
voyage, tav.
voyage, ta.v8n.
' voyageable, tamk.
voyager, iawel.
vulcan, fllafteJ.
vulcanic, fllafceZik.
vulcanist, filaSstel.
vulcanization, filaJeZam.
vulcanize, iila6eZ8n
vulcanized, filaieHk.
vulgar, komun.
vulgar, fcomunik, gagik.
vulgarity, komun, glib, gag.
vulgarize, glihov., gagon.
vulgrarly, glibo, komuniko.
Vulnerability, viodiit.
vulnerable, viodik.
vulnerary, sanik.
vulpine, foxq/ik.

vulture, \ugil.
Tnltarine, lapmi^s,

GKAUMAR OF TOLAPuK.

Tultnrish, lapinii.

413

W.

wabble, lo^o.'on.
wabbling, higolik.
waddle, lugolon.
waddling, \ugolik.
waddlingly, lugoliko.
waft, zesudamak.
waft, zesM&makoa.
wag, /asedd..
wage, mesed.
wager, mesedeL

waggish, /ase£k.
waggishl}', /asedlik.
waggishness, fasedbi.
wa^on, vab.
wail, "^ag, plon.
wail, 'agon, plonon.
wailer, plonel.
wailfol, 'agik, plonik.
wailii^, 'ag, plon.
wa^ngly, 'agiko, phtilik.
wait, vatadoa.
waiter, galtl.
waiting, vala£k..
waitingroont, Taladacem.
waitress, ji-^ofel, of-jafel.
waike, bindn galik.
wake, mekon galdn.
wakefbl, ffaSk.
wakefoUy. gaUko.
wakefallness, galof.
waken, mekSm galon.
walk, spat,
walk, spaton.
walker, ipaiel.
walking-stick, spaAa.
wall, v3l.

wall, vSlon
waller, potel.
wallow, gliipoD.
waUower, g'.opA,
walnut, not. ^
wan, neZecfik.
wand, staf.
wander, polion.
wanderer, pStA.
wandering, p6bi\>.
wanderingly, ^oZiko.
wanly, nelet/lik.
wanned, neledol.
wanness, tmUdxiQ.
want, def, ned, zesud.
want, nedoji, zesudbn.
wanting, netfik, sesidik..
wanton, lenej>ue<£k.
wanton, nazesiUEk.
wantonly, nezes^iflik.
wantonness, lenepSedug.
war, klig.
war, kligSn.
ward, jep, /epam.
ward, j'epSn.
warden, cif, cj^al, «/el
warder, jepA.
ware, can.

warebonse, cana>na^a<2.
war&re, klig.
warily, kautik.
wariness, kant.
warlike, UigVik-
warm, camik.
warm, ramon.
warmer, t»2inel.
warmly, camlik.

4U

GUAMMAE or VOLAPUK.

warmness, vam, vamsl vamoi.

warmth, vam.

-warn, monedba.

■warning, monedaxa, moned.

"Warrant, dalava

warrant, garanon

warrant, garanif.

warrantor, garanel.

warranty, garanif.

warrior, kliffel

wary, kautik

wash, vataked.

wash, waiukon.

washer, vatukel.

washerwoman, of-vaffikel.

washhouse, uaffiken.

washing, uafukol.

waspish, beitalik.

waspishly, beiiaiiko.

waspishness, heita,\.

wassail, kopen.

wassail, kop6i\.

wassailer, kopel.

waste, distuk.

waste, distukon, noson.

wasteful, distukik.

wastefuUy, distuklik

wastefuljiess, distukal.

waster, distukel.

wastethrift, K.'camel.

■watch, -pokaglok.

watch, gal.

watch, galba.

watcher, galA.

watchful, gal\k..

watchfully, galiVo.

■watchfulness, galoi.

watching, galik.

watchmaker, glokea.

watchman, galA.

watchword, galauodf.

water, vat.

water, dhnado^, Iwvaton.

waterfall, vata/aZ.

wateriness, waiikSf.

watering, dlinaxa..

waterish, «adk.

waterman, uaiel.

watery, vatik.

wave, vatsduhel.

wavelet, vatdluhelTl.

wax, vak.

wax, vdk'an

waxen, vaJak.

waxy, wa'Hik.

way, veg

we, obs

weak, mjterfik.

weaken, miiedian.

weakling, mUedel.

weakly, mieedo.

weakness, mued.

wealth, luxam.

wealthily, luxamlik.

wealthiness, lUxam'oi.

wealthy, l&xanak.

weapon, vaf.

weaponed, vafiV.

wear, polon.

wearer, potel.

wearied, femk.

weariful, /enlik.

wearily, feno.

weariness, fen.

wearisome, /enik.

wearisomely, femiko.

wearisomeness, fenoi, lonfidxi.y.

wear}', /enik.

weather, stom.

weatherwise, storoavik,

weave, vw6n.

weaver, uiwel.

weaving, viv.

web, vivot

webbed, uiwotik.

webbing, uzuotam.

GKAMMAR OF VOLAPUK.

415

■Webby, ruotlik.

wed, ma/on, mo/okon.

wedding, mateA.

•wedding-daT. mat(ei)adel.

wedding-feast, mataioZ.

wednesdar. vesdel.

wee, smaSk.

weed, lopJon.

weed, \fjplan6n.

weeder, laplanel.

weeding, luplansan.

weedy, Inplanlik.

week, TTg.

week-day, -vigadel

weekly, a Tig; vigiko

ween. fuZ«<i5n,

weep, diendn.

weeper, dlenA.

weeping, dlenam

weepingly, dfenolik.

weigh, vdtbn, vatiikbii.

weigher, rafel

weighing, ra/ol.

weight, Tat, spei;a<.

^reightily, cdrik.

w^eightinesj. Tat, Tet.

weightT. cajik, rafSkik, rerik.

welcome, vetom.

welcome, vetomin.

welcomer, vetomel.

weld, tefeSn.

welding, te/efik.

welfare, benot, benug.

well, bene, saunik.

well, saarako.

well, dido, fe.

west. Tesud.

"West, oesfefik.

westerly, re5»<fik.

■wesbem. vesSdik.

West-Germany, Yesadeiit.

Westward. res»<fik.

Westwardly, vesiUEk.

wet, lunnk.

wet, tumon.

wether, jup.

wetness, lum.

wettish, {undik.

what, M? kio? i-jmik? Ids.

whatever, aiiefos.

whatsoever, ail;efos.

wheat, Tnit.

wheaten, vxiitik.

wheedle, lo/oftin.

wheedler, liUoiel.

wheedling, laloh.

wheel, Inib.

wheel, liub^n

wheeled, luHak.

wheeler, luibA.

wheeling, luibol.

wheeze, Innatemon.

wheezing, hmatembl.

whelm, sepon.

whelp, dogH.

whelp, <2o^dn.

when, if, i-«fup? ku?

whence, ko.

whenever, aikiftm

where, ko, Uplad,

whereabout? Uplad^'i

whereas, also.

whereat, kipUute, toa.

whereby, la kel...

wherefore, kLttx^.

wheresoever, aii^.

whereto, koi, kipladi ?

wherennto, koi.

wherever, sako.

wheny, 6otil, but.

whet, japaia.

whet, j'apon.

whether, kiom, kioi.

whetstone, japaston.

whetter, japel.

whey, milagacot.

416

GRAMMAR OP VOLAPUK.

■wheyist, milagauadik.
wheyey, milagawadik.

■which, del, ki? kio? fa'mik?

whichever, aikel.

whiff, blad, hlad&m.

whiff, bladon.

whiifle, hlndon.

whiffler, bladel.

while, dii, du.

while, timil.

whUst, dii.

whim, vim.

whimsey, vimik.

whimsical, viniiik.

whimsicality, vim5f.

whimsically, vimliko.

whirl, vir.

whirler, virel.

whisk, kef.

whisk, kef on,

whisker, ciga,l)alib.

whistle, flut.

whistle, flutSn, /eif6n,

whistler, flutel.

white, viet.

white, ujerik.

whiten, vieion.

whitener, vietel.
whiteness, vietof.
whitening, vietajn.
whitewash, vieton.
whitewash, zem.
whither, Vipladif
whitefward, kiptadi ?
whitish, vietlik,
whitishness, vietof.
who, kel, kels, kif? kifs?
who? kirn? kif?
whoever, aiW.
whole, I6l.
whole, lolik.
wholeness, 161.
wholesale, letedam.

wholesale, letedon.

wholesaler, tedan, leietfcL

wholesome, sonlik

wholesomely, sanliko.

wholesomess, saun

wholly, loliko,

whom, kele, keles, kime>

whomsoever, aikele.

whoop, \avokeia.

whoop, luvokon

whose, kels., kelns, ki/a,, khis,^

whosoever, sdkel.

why, ibo? kikod.

wick, Inzin

wicked, liadik.

wickedly, had\ik.

wickedness, bad, badug..

wicket, yanil.

wide, veidk.

widely, fagik.

widen, veiton.
wideness, veit.
widow, ji-utwdek
widow, viudon.
widowed, oindik,
widower, viudel.
widowhood, viiid.
width, veit.
wield, namon.
wieldy, yumik.
wife, ji-mate\.
wig, 'eZad.
wild, foet, foet^i:
wild, foetik.
wilder, foetam.
wilderness, foe^bt:
wildly, foetlik.
wildness, foetHf.
wile, kaf.
wilful, noZSlik.
wilfully, nolo, noZOlo-,
wilfulness, tod&\..
wilily, kd/iko.

GBAIIMAB, OF VOLAl>iiK.

417

■wiliness, Mfot
will, vil.
willj vilou.
■willing, wifik.
, willingly, wtZiko.
willingness, vil&\, viM, lob.
■willow, vilod.
wily, fca/ik.
win, pofidon, da^ezon.
wince, jiaphu, jokiin.
winch, jok.
wind, vien.
wind, <«Z6n, flekon,
winder, tulel, flekel.
windiness, vienbf.
■winding, tul, flei.
windingly, teZiko, fleklik.
window, litaja.
window, litaw.6n.
■windpipe, h\ta,riid.
windy, viemk.
wine, Tin.
■wine-celler, kavcn.
wine-glass, vma.glat.
wine-measure, vinama/.
wine-merchant, vina^erfel.
wing, flitad.
wing, flitbn, fliinAon.
winged, flita.Aik.
wingy, /liia.dik.
wink, vineg.
■wink, vinegoB.
■winker, vinegel.
winkingly, vinegiko.
winner, piifiidel.
winning, pofiidik.
winningly, pqfiidiko.
winter, nifaftm.
winter, mt&tima,.
wintery, nitniirmk.
winy, vimk.
wipe, suipon, svipon.
wiper, suipel, svipel.

wire, dlat.

wire, telega/on.

■wiriness, dlatoi.

wiry, dlatik.

wisdom, lifised, sap.

■wise, visedik, sapik,

wisely, visedlik, sa^lik.

wish, vip.

wish, vipon.

wisher, vipel.

wishful, vipik.

wishfully, vipiko.

wishfulness, vipbi.

■wisp, tuf.

wisp, tu/bn.

■wistful, fefik.

wistfully, /efiko.

wit, lisan, kapal, fcapaliip.

wit, noZon.

witch, ot-magugel.

witch, magiigbn.

witchcraft, magiig.

witchery, magiig.

■witching, maguffHs..

■witohingly, ma^%iko.

wite, hlambn.

with, ko, la, ke.

withal, leigo.

withdraw, mojroZon,

withdrawment, mojroZam.

withe, vilod.

wither, sigbn.

■withered, sigik.

witheringly, sigiko.

within, ino.

■without, nen.

witness, noel.

■witness, noelon.

witticism, fasedbi.

wittily, kapdlik.

wittiness, ^apaliip.

wittingly, nolblik.

witty, kapaMk, lisonik. viisedik.

27

418

JGIIAMMAK, OF VOLAPuK.

wive, matokon.

■wizard, magilgel.

wizardy, magiig.

wizen, sigon.

woe, misal, yam,

woe! vi!

woful. pidik, lilg\k, misaKk.

woe, liigon.

woefully, K^iko.

woefulness, liig'di, miaal, yam.

woman, ji-man, vom,

womanisli, vomik, jiiik, ]i-man-

lik.
womanishly, vomiko, ^iliko.
womanishness, vomoi.
womankind, yovnagen.
woman-like, vomlik, ji-marelik.
womanly, vomik, filii.
womli, vilm.
wonder, milag.
wonder, stunon.
wonderer, siunel.
wonderful, milagik.
wonderfully, milagiko.
wonderfulness, milagoi.
wondrous, milaguik.
wondrously, milagmko.
wonted, aidunik.
wontedness, kosomoi, siidoAof.
woo, ladon,
wood, boad.
wood, fot.
wood-cutter, boadel.
wooden, hoadik.
woodiness, /oiam.
woodland, foteva..
woody, fodk, boadmk,
wooer, ladan, lofan, ladal, lofal.
woof, vivot.
wooing, menalik.
wooingly, menaliko.
wool, lain.
wooUed, lainik.

woollen, lainik.

wooUiness, lainof.

woolly, lainik.

word, vod.

word, vod6n.

wordy, uocZagik.

work, vob.

work, wo56n, aoftadon.

worker, voieL

working, w.oJadam.

workingday, vigarfe/.

workman, uo6el.

workmanly, wofcelik.

workmanship, fag.

workshop, vobacem.

world, vol.

worldlihess, talal.

worldly, volik.

worldly-minded, talik.

worldly-mindedness, talal.

worm, vum.

worm, vumon

worrier, vexadA,

worry, vexadoTo..

worryingly, vexaSiiko.

worse, lu, feorfikum.

worship, dinit, stim.

worship, lepZefcon, stimbn, di-

mton,
worshipful, \estimik.
worshipfully, lesimiko,
worshipper, leplekel, lesfemel.
worst, hadikmi.
worth, tug, dig, v51ad,
worthily, digiko.
worthiness, dinit.
worthless, nedigik,
worthlessly, nedigiko.
worthlessness, nedig(6f).
worthy, dinitel.
worthy, digik.
wound, vun.
wound, vunHn.

GRAMMAR OF VOLi.PUK.

419

vonnded, tunik.
vraDgle, dikod, zan
wrangle, dikodon, zanon.
■vrraagler, zanel, dikodel
wrangling, dUcodot.
wrap J ueadon.
wrapper, kov.
wrapping, read,
wrath, zun.
wratkfiil, zunik.
wratkftjlly, suniko.
wiathfolnesB, zunSf.
wreak, vindit, vut
wreakfol, vindiiik.
wreath, festun.
wreathe, /estunon.
wreathy, /estunik.
wrestle, kouiip.
wrestle, komipon.
wrestler, komipel.
wrestling, komip.
wretch, glibel, luman.
wretched, pidik, misalik.

wretchedly, misaliko.
wretchedness, misaloi.
wri^le, fl^ik, yumik.
Wright, mehel, vobe\.
wring, tomon, vexudon.
wringer. lome\ vexade\
writ, penad.
write; penon.
writer, penel, peniiiel
writhe, ^^n, flekon.
writing, penaxn.
writing-stand, penem.
written, pepenol, penik.
wrong, bad, dam, vad
wrong, mi, ladik.
wronger, ddmei.
wrongful, hadik, rfamik.
wrongfully, ddmiko, 6odiko.
wrongly, vadik.
wroth, vudk.
wrought, petioJol.
wry, shbik, ne/omik.
wryness, slob.'

xylc^rapher, xuloga/el.
xylographic, xulogafik.

xylografically, xuhgafiko.
xylography, xiilogaf, xilogafen.

yacht, naf.
yard, met.
yam, yan.
yawl, smana/-
yawn, Irxlofflm.
yawning, \ulog.
yawningly, luZ<^iko.
ye, ols.
yea,, si, lese.
year, yel

yearly, a yel.
yearly, yeliko.
yearn, yamon.
yearning, yamsaa
yeast, lef.

yeasty, le/'ik, feinik.
yell, Iwjok.
veil, luKoton
yelling, luwofcik.
yellow, yelib.

420

GUAJIMAB OF VOLAPilK.

yellow-brass, laten.
yellowish, hxyelibik.
yerk, flap,
yert, /ofcon.
yes, si.

yesterday, adelo.
yet, ab, ibo.
yield, yiton.
yielding, piik.
yieldingly, yiliko.
yoke, yok.
yoke, ^ofcon.
yoking, ?/oHk.
yolk, yenog.
yon, aei.
yonder, aet.
yonker, yanol.

yore, iegohig.

you, ol, ole, oli, oIb, ons, onse^

onsi, onss, o«ses.
young, yunik.
younger, yunikma.
youngest, ^Mrakiin.
yoiingish, yunli\,
youngling, yunel.
youngster, pul, yunel.
younker, yunel.
your, ola,, o/ik, ols&, okik, onsav

onsik.
youth, yun.
youtfhul, ^unlik.
youthfully, yunliko.
youthfulness, yunaA.
youthly, ^wnik.

zeal, zil.
zealous, zilik.
zealously, zzViko.
zenith, I6p.
zero, nosareMm.
zest, vdp'oTi.
zinc, zik.
zinc, zikon.
zincky, zikik.

zincous, zikik.
zion, slop,
zodiac, zodiak.
zodiacal, zodiakik.
zone, zon.
zoned, aonik.
zonule, zonil.
zoology, nimtiN.
zoophyte, plananim.

ERRATA

FOB GRAMMAR

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one

ERRATA FOB YtJCABULART.

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63

2

18

atafianik

ataflanik

66

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eachoter

each other

66

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baton

baton

7»

2

17

falsel

&lse.

80

2

38

dajet

dnjet

104

2

35

for horses

for 3 horses

111

1

31

krits

krit

111

1

32

fcristacil

kritacil

117

2

43

masmas

Xma£

129

1

37

dity

dirty

1S7

2

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monton

moniton

153

2

24

pop

POg

168

1

28

till tow

till now.

176

2

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suomon

snemon

19a

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of yoTB

of yore.

197

2

3

yunnl

ynniilik

203

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Uofon

blefon

21-i

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angularily

angularity

214

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angnlari^

angularly

227

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steoram

stenam.

263

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blof

blofon,

30S

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^it

"^itik

354

1

41

pnbKcy

publicly

358

2

8

folal

flilal

363

1

22

yifon

yilon

332

2

16

solemb, zelin

solemn zelik

393

1

4

veizel

jveizel

396

2

22

bulfon

blnfon

405

1

26

stemik

stenik

407

1

16

nedanfo

nedanof

416

1

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nel

kel

420

2

14

youtfhul

youthfal

«-,',:p>.-QiJ.r>r.-;5

g0mm